STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924052393315 CORNELL UNIVERSHY LIBRARY 3 1924 052 393 315 A PRACTICAL MEDICAL DICTIOMET Of Words tjsed in Medicine with Their Derivation and Pronunciation, Including Dental, Veterinary, Chemical, Botanical, Electrical, Life Insurance and Other Special Terms; Anatomical Tables of the , Titles in General Use, and Those Sanctioned by the Basle Anatomical Convention; Pharmaceutical Prepara- tions, Official in the U. S. and British Phar- macopceias and contained in the national Formulary; Chemical and Therapeu- tic Information as to Mineral Springs of America and Europe, and Compre- hensive Lists op Synonyms BY THOMAS LATHROP STEDMAN, A. M., M. D. EDITOR OP THE "TWENTIETH CENTUKT PRACTICE OP MEDICINE", OF THE "reference HANDBOOK OP THE MEDICAL SCIENCES ", AND OP THE "medical RECORD " Sfxtb, 1Revl6cO JEOitlon ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY MDCCCCXX Copyright, 1920 By WILLIAM WOOD AND COMPANY The use in this volume of certain portions of the text oE the United States Pharmacopoeia is by virtue of permissioD received from the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The said Board of Trustees is not responsible for any inaccuracy of quotation nor for any errors in the statement of quantities or percentage strengths. Permission to use for comment parts of the text of the National Formu- lary, Fourth Edition, in this volume has been granted by the Committee on Publication by authority of the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association. TKZI MAFXtK PXSISB TOKK VJL PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION The first edition of this work appeared in the spring of 191 1, the second in the autumn of 19 12, and since that time a new edition has been called for every second year. The kind reception which the medical public has given to the book has been most gratifjHing and has given the editor courage to persevere in the truly Sisyphean task of a continuous revision, one edition being no sooner published than the collection of new words and new uses of old words begins anew. Although every effort has been made to keep the size of the volume within the limits of the previous editions, the great number of new words and new definitions has necessitated an increase of twenty pages. For this the editor has no apology to offer, for the new matter is good matter and has been added in the interest of those who consult the dictionary. PREFACE John Hunter once said, "of all things on the face of the earth definitions are the most accursed." Another acute observer, long before the day of the professional critic, exclaimed from the fulness of his vengeful heart, "Oh, that mine enemy would write a book!" Mindful of these sayings and well aware that many may think the lexicological needs of the medical reader are already met, I have nevertheless, for several years, devoted the spare hours of a busy life to the making of a new medical dictionary. In explanation of such temerity, and by way of apology, I may be permitted to give my reasons for undertaking the labor, by noting the special features which a long editorial experience, a personal desire for special information, and the queries of many correspondents have led me to believe are desirable in a work of this nature. The vocabulary of science is founded mainly upon the Greek and to a lesser extent upon the Latin, but has in any case a Latin form, and this unfor- tunate conjunction has resulted in many barbaric and cacophonic mixtures, painful to the ear and vexatious to the spirit of any one with a sense of linguistic fitness. If it were possible, a moulding of the language of medicine on pure Greek or Latin forms were most desirable, but the speech of man is wilful and cannot be coerced; at most an attempt can be made to guide it, or to point out what is preferable. It is not the function of a lexicographer to deny the right of citizenship to every word that is not constructed upon strict ety- mological lines, and.it would do little good if he did, but he can indicate the correct terms and throw the weight of whatever authority may be accorded him on the right side. This I have endeavored to do. For example, one who consults this dictionary for a definition of oophorectomy will be referred to oothecotomy and under that title will find the definition. If, however, a barbarous word is in such common use that it were pedantic to, question its right of existence, it will be defined, but the correct term will also be given. For example, ovariotomy (of mixed Latin and Greek derivation and therefore deplorable) is defined under that title, but a correct synonym, oothecotom.y, is also given, and the consulter can use the proper term, or can continue in his evil course as he will. Even under appendicitis, though with faint hope of the suggestion being adopted, the preferable term, scolecoiditis, is indicated. Especial attention has been paid to synonyms, these being noted under the word defined, and also inserted as main titles with cross reference to the one selected for definition. In this relation attention may be called to the lists in small type, inserted here and there under the English titles, noting the scientific terms for the various conditions associated with the part. If the reader will turn to abdomen, foot, hand, pain, phobia, uterus, and many other titles, he will see, without further explanation, what I have there attempted to accomplish. vi PREFACE. A dictionary is not intended for consecutive reading (thoilgh some have claimed to find pleasure, and even amusement, in this pursuit) but rather for the acquirement of knowledge or the satisfaction of curiosity with the least expenditure of time and trouble. A work of this kind should therefore afford every facility for such laudable effort, and should not balk it by interrupting the normal alphabetical arrangement with long lists of subtitles or tables breaking the continuity of the pages. Nevertheless, subtitles are sometimes necessary, and tables, as of the arteries, muscles, nerves, etc., cannot be dis- pensed with. I have endeavored to preserve these essential features, without increasing the difficulty of consultation, by several devices. In the first place the eponymic terms — and their name is legion — have been inserted as main titles; Addison's disease, Bright' s disease, Camper's angle, Cooper's hernia, Hutchinson's triad, Scarpa's space, etc., are defined under the proper name, and not under disease, angle, hernia, triad, space, etc. This arrangement materially shortens the long and confusing lists of subtitles and at the same time affords the opportunity for the insertion of brief biographical details regarding nationahty, profession, and dates of birth and death, which have always a human interest and are subjects of a legitimate curiosity. In other cases the qualifying word has been inserted as the main title, but only when this is the more obvious arrangement ; typhoid fever, for example, is commonly called simply typhoid, and it is therefore defined under typhoid instead of under fever. When there is any doubt as to which word of a compound term would naturally be looked for, a cross reference is given to the main title. In cross references to a compound term, when uncertainty might arise as to the main title, this is indicated by an asterisk (*) appended to one of the words in the term. When the subtitles are many and not eponymic, reference to them has been facilitated by placing them in the form of a table of column width, distinguished by type of smaller size, under the main title, but alphabetically arranged, so that the one wanted will strike the eye at once. The lists of ar- teries, muscles, nerves, drugs, etc., have been arranged in the same way so as not to interrupt the alphabetical sequence by page- wide tables. These tables, or lists, embrace all the official preparations of the United States Pharmacopoeia and the British Pharmacopoeia, as well as those of the National Formulary, and also all the anatomical terms, these being placed under the Latin titles, with cross-references from the English names. The tables of weights and measures, comparative thermometrical and barometrical scales, the chemical elements with their symbols and atomic weights, and other tabular data have been placed in the Appendix, where they properly belong, since they are not, strictly speaking, definitions. The Basle Anatomical Nomenclature, adopted in 1895, has been slow in winning its way in England and America, but is doing so surely and is now generally taught in the medical schools and is found in the anatomical text- books. All the words sanctioned by the convention are given the preference in this dictionary, and when they differ from the terms formerly in use and still employed by the majority of older writers, they are indicated by the sign [BNA]. Medicine touches other sciences at so many points that the terms relating to them cannot be ignored, even in a purely medical dictionary; accordingly an effort has been made to include definitions of all the chemical, botanical, PREFACE. vU dental, and veterinary words which a physician is likely to meet in his reading. The fact that there are many thousand insurance examiners in this country has led me to believe that the definitions of the terms relating to this branch, such as the different forms of insurance, life-tables, poUcies, risks, etc., would be found useful, and they have therefore been introduced in considerable number. .' The sectarian lines which have divided medical practitioners are, happily, gradually fading away. Homeopathic and eclectic physicians no longer ignore the discoveries of modem experimental medicine, but rather are doing their part to advance true science. On the other hand, therapeutists of all schools are learning that there is virtue in homeopathy and isopathy, as well as in enantiopathy and allopathy, that, in fact, there is but one science of medicine, and they are ready to apply any one of these healing principles in suit- able cases. Prejudice and antagonism are often based largely upon misunder- standing of terms, and in the effort to remove such misunderstanding and to promote unity among the practitioners of the therapeutic art, I have defined the terms peculiar to homeopathic and eclectic therapeutics. Balneotherapy does not enjoy the repute in this country and Great Britain that it has on the Continent of Europe; nevertheless references to mineral springs are sufficiently numerous in medical literature to make it desirable to supply certain data regarding them, and it has consequently seemed advisable to include details regarding the composition and the thera- peutic indications of the most important spas in Europe and America. Special attention has been paid to the etymology of the words used in medicine, for nothing aids so much in fixing a definition in one's memory as a knowledge of the formation of the term; therefore the chief sources of our language, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek, and to a slight extent Arabic, have been indicated under the main titles and, where necessary, under the subtitles as well. In the case of the Greek sources, it has been thought best, after mature deliberation, to give them in Roman letters rather than Greek. This has been rendered advisable because of the deplorable tendency to eliminate Greek from the curriculum of preparatory schools and colleges, with the result that only a small percentage of even well educated physicians of the present day can read the Greek characters. I have therefore yielded to this tendency in the transliteration of the Greek words, but under protest, and I wish to register here the conviction that the elimination of Greek in our schools has done much to barbarize the language of medicine and to render necessary special dictionaries of this science. Some day the pendulum will swing the other way and a new renaissance will once more join culture to knowledge to make the perfect physician. In the transliteration of the Greek words, the gamma (7) preceding another gamma (7), a kappa (k), or a chi (x) is repre- sented by n, which is the sonant value of the gamma in such situations. In the spelling of medical terms, preference has been given to the simpler forms. In the matter of the elimination of the diphthongs, cb and ce,iX is a significant fact that the languages which are the direct descendants of the Latin, especially the Italian and the Spanish, have dropped the a and the o, while the double vowels have been retained only by the Teutonic languages. It is surely proper to admit that this has been a natural process for those who have used the words from the beginning, and that the daughters of the Latin viii PREFACE. have a finer instinct for the genius of the parent tongue, which even in classical times showed a tendency to drop the diphthongs. In English these words were originally exotic and were adopted with their classical spelling; but even with us, as they became incorporated into the language the unenglish diph- thongs were dropped. We write equal and economy and not asqual and (economy; surely hemorrhage and edematous, and other words of similar deri- vation, are now legitimate English and should not be spelled haimorrhage and cedematous. Those who still cling to the old spellings will, however, find them here given as alternatives. In the spelling of medicinal terms the authority of the Pharmacopoeia has been recognized, and the convenient distinction between alkaloids and glucosides, -ine for the former and -in for the latter, has been retained. The spelling of chemical terms recommended twenty years ago by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (the dropping of e in words like chlorine and chloride) has not been adopted here, for the reason that the chemists themselves are divided in their use of it, many of the Americans and almost all of the English still adhering to the old spelling; moreover the American Chemical Society specifically directs that the ending -ine shall always be employed for basic substances, -in being used for glucosides, bitter principles, proteins, etc. In words derived from the Greek, the k (kappa) is represented by English c, especially before a hard vowel. This is in accordance with the genius of the Latin as well as of the English. We write catalepsy and cone, why then should we write katabolism and leukocyte f If karyokinesia, why not leukokytef Leucocyte is pref- erable and so is caryocinesia. In writing on medical chemistry, authors are wont, for the sake of brevity, to employ the chemical symbols instead of writing out the name. Not as a mark of approval of this custom, but as an aid to the reader of such articles, who may be rusty in his chemistry, a number of the most common chemical formulae have been here introduced as main titles with their definitions in ordinary language. Every effort has naturally been made to avoid errors of typography; but some there may be, and the author 's thanks are extended in advance to sharp- eyed critics who will call his attention to any such that they find. He will be grateful also to those who will point out any possible errors of definition or of omission which may have crept in among the many thousands of titles. In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Emma E. Walker who has contributed the balneological titles and many of the dental and veterinary terms, and has rendered great assistance in the laborious collection of biographical data. To my wife I am indebted for help in every step of the undertaking. It were ungrateful to omit an acknowledgment of the generous encouragement and assistance extended to me by the Publishers during all the years this work has been in preparation; without their sympathetic coopera- tion the difficulties of the task would have been almost insuperable. KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION. a at the end of a syllable as a in mate, before a consonant as a in mat. ^ as a in mat. a as a in mate, all as a in father, ai as ai in fair, ar as a in far. aw as a in fall, e at the end of a syllable as e in mete, before a consonant as e in met. S as e in met. e as e in mete. e as the French eu or the German oe, nearly as e in her. eh as a in mate, though not so prolonged. i at the end of a syllable as i in pine, before a consonant as i in pin. I as i in pin. i as i in pine. o at the end of a syllable as o in note, before a consonant as o in not. 6 as o in not o as o in note, oo as oo in food. 65 as oo in foot, or as o in for. ow as ow in cow. oy as oy in boy. u at the end of a syllable as u in pure, before a consonant as u in bud, before r as u in fur. 8 as u in bud. u as u in pure. u as the French u or the German u or ue. dh as th in the, g hard as in get. kh a guttural k, as ch in the German bach or Scotch loch. n- as the French nasal n in bon. th as th in think, zh as z in azure. The other consonants as in English. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY. Am. Ind American Indian. Ar Arabic. B.A Indian and Colonial Addendum to the British Pharmacopeia. [BNA] notes a. term adopted in the Basle anatomical nomenclature when this difEers from the one formerly em- ployed. Br., B.P British Pharmacopeia. B.P.C British Pharmaceutical Codex. cf L. confer, compare. E English. Fr French. G Greek. Gael Gaelic. gen genitive. Ger German. Hind Hindu. Ind Indian. It Italian. L Latin. N.F National Formulary. O.E Old English. O.Fr Old French. P.G German Pharmacopeia. pi plural. q.v L. quod vide, which see. sc L. scilicet, mamely, to wit, noting what follows. Sp Spanish. U.S., U.S.P.. United States Pharmacopeia. * in the biographical data, denotes the year of birth; in other cases indi- cates the catch-word in a cross- reference. ^ in the biographical data, denotes the year of death. Other (medical) abbreviations are noted in their al- phabetical order in the body of the Dictionary STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONAET A. Chemical symbol of the element argon. a. Abbreviation for accommodation, anode, an- terior, and total acidity. a-, an-. [G. alpha privative.] A prefix convey- ing a negative meaning — without, not, away from, -less, un-. aa, aa [abbr. of G. ana, a distributive preposition]. A sign used in prescription writing to denote that the stated amount of each of the indicated substances is to be taken. aaa disease. Endemic anemia or ancylostomiasis in ancient Egypt, ascribed in the Papyrus Ebers to the presence of an intestinal parasite. Aachen, Prussia (ahkh'en). See Aix-la-Chapelle. Aaron's sign [Charles D. Aaron, American physician, *i866.] A referred pain or feeling of distress in the epigastrium or precordial region, on continuous firm pressure over McBumey's point, in cases of appendicitis. ab- [L. ab, from.] A prefix signifying from, away ' from, off. abaca (ah-bah-kah'). The plant, Musa texHlis, \ and its product, Manila hemp. abactio (ab-ak'shyo) [L. abigere, to drive away.] Induced abortion. abac'tus ven'ter [L. abactus, driven away; venter, belly.] Induced abortion. Abadie's sign (3.-ba-de') i. [J. M. Abadie, Parisian ophthalmologist, *i842.] Spasm of the levator palpebrse superioris in exophthalmic goiter. ^. [Charles Jean Marie Abadie, Bordeaux clinician, contemporary.] Insensibility to pressure over the tendo Achillis, in tabes dorsalis. abaissement (a-bas-mon') [Fr. a lowering.] Couching. abalienated (ab-al'yen-a-ted) [L. abalienare, to separate from.] Crazy, deranged. abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'shun). Lunacy, mental derangement. abaptis'ton [G. a- priv. -I- baptizo, I immerse.] A trepan of conical shape, which cannot slip through far enough to injure the brain substance. abarthro'sis [L. ab, from.] Diarthrosis. abartic'ular [L. ab, from, + articulus, joint.] At a distance from, or not involving, a joint. abarticula'tion [L. ab, from.] i. Diarthrosis. a. Dislocation of a joint. abasia (ab-a'si-ah) [G. a- priv. + basis, step.] Inability to walk; specifically the presence of such inability, although muscular power, sensation, and coordination are unimpaired in relation to other movements of the legs. aba'sia-asta'sia, inability either to walk or to stand, but with retention of the muscular functions in relation to other movements of the legs, when the patient is in bed, for example. atac'tic a., ataz'ic a., difficulty in walking by reason of ataxia, paroxys'mal a., spas'tic a., a. due to a spastic contraction of the muscles when an attempt is made to walk. abasic (3,-ba'sik) . Affected by, or associated with, abasia. abate (a-bat') [L. ab, from, -|- battere, to beat.] 1. To do away with. 2. To lessen, decrease, become reduced. abatement (a-bat'ment) . j.. Doing away with. 2. A lessening or decrease, as in the intensity of the symptoms of a disease. abatic (d-bafik). Abasic. abazial, abaxile (ab-ak'si-al, ab-ak'sil) [L. ab, from, -I- axis.] i. Lying outside of the axis of any body or part. 2. Situated at the op- posite extremity of the axis of a part. Abbe's conden'ser (ab'ba) [Ernst Abbl, a German physicist, 1845-1905.] An apparatus, consist- ing of two or three lenses, which concentrates the light reflected from a mirror on the object viewed under a microscope. A.-Zeiss ap- para'tus, an apparatus for counting the blood- corpuscles, consisting of a mixer for diluting the blood and a cell -jV mm. deep, marked off into divisions of ^Jir square mm. so that each division contains njVi!- cubic mm.; also called Thoma- Zeiss apparatus. Abbe's opera'tion (ab'i) [Robert Abbe, New York surgeon, *i85i.] Dana's operation; intracranial resection of the 2d and 3d divisions of the 5th nerve, with the interposition of rubber tissue at the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale to pre- vent reunion of the divided nerves, for the relief of tic douloureux. A.'s ring, a ring of catgut used to reinforce the suture in intestinal anasto- mosis. A.'s string meth'od, sawing through an esophageal stricture by means of a string in- troduced through a gastric opening, up the esophagus, and out by the mouth. Ab'bot's paste [William Abbot, London physician, *i83i.] A mixture of arsenous acid, morphine, and creosote, made into a paste with water, employed to kill the nerve of a tooth. Ab'botVs method [Alexander C. Abbott, Philadel- phia bacteriologist, *i 860. ] For staining spores: the specimen is covered with alkaline methylene ABBOTT'S METHOD ABDOMINAL blue and brought to a boil several times, then decolorized with a 2 per cent, solution of nitric acid in 80 per cent, alcohol, and finally dipped in a saturated alcoholic solution of eosin lo, in water 90 ; the spores are stained blue, the bodies of the bacilli pink. Abb'ott's mefh'od [Edville G. Abbott, American orthopedic surgeon, *i872.] Treatment of lateral curvature of the spine by a series of plaster jackets applied after partial correction of the curvature by pulling on the flexed spine in various directions by bandages; the aim is to obtain overcorrection and maintain it for a time until the bones are re- stored to their normal shape. A.B.C. lin'iment. Compound aconite liniment, a mixture of equal parts of the liniments of aco- nite, belladonna, and chloroform. A.B.C. process (pros'es). Purification of water or deodorization of sewage by a mixture of alum. Wood, and charcoal. Abderhalden reac'tlon or test (ahb'der-haW'den) [Erail Abderhalden, German physiologist, *i877.] To determine the presence of protective fer- ments* in the blood; one-half gram of the pre- pared albumin (from the placenta, cancer, urine, or what not) is placed in a diffusion* shell, to- gether with 1.5 c.c. of the serum to be tested, and the shell is suspended in a test-tube contain- ing 20 c.c. sterile distilled wate^; the tube con- taining the shell is then incubated at 37°C. for 16 hours, after which 10 c.c. of the dialysate is removed and boiled for one minute with 0.2 c.c. ninhydrin; the development of a violet color within half an hour indicates a positive reaction. The test has been used to detect pregnancy, mialignant disease, exophthalmic goiter, de- mentia precox, and various other conditions. The above is called the dialysis lest; a less com- monly employed form is called the optical test: the prepared albumin and the serum to be tested are mixed and after a definite period the fluid is examined by a polariscope to determine whether the presence of transformation products has effected any rotation differences. Abdominal Regions and Zones, According to thb Old Nomenclature. abdomen (ab-do'men) [L. abdere, to hide (?).] Belly, alvus, venter, the body cavity bounded by the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (Some anatomists include in the abdomen all down to the pelvic floor.) It is lined by a serous membrane, the peritoneum, which also invests the contained viscera. It contains the greater part of the organs of digestion and also the spleen; the kidneys lie behind the peri- toneum and are therefore outside the abdominal cavity. The abdomen is divided by arbitrary planes into nine regions ; see abdominal * regions. a. obsti'pum [L. obstipus, awry], deformity of the abdomen caused by shortness of the rectus muscle, acute' a., any acute condition within the a. calling for immediate operation, car'inate a. [L. carina, keel of a ship], a sinking at the sides with prominence of the central line of the ab- domen, navic'ular or scaph'oid a. [L. navicula, G. skaphe, boat], boat-shaped a., a condition in which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and presents a concave rather than a convex contour. blood effusion, hemoperitoneum. dropsy, ascites, hy- drocelia, hydroperitpneum. examination, celioscopy, laparoscopy, abdominoscopy. gas indation, aeroper- itonia (outside the intestine) ; aerenterectasia, tym- panites, tympany, meteorism, flatulence (within the intestine), incision, coeliotomy, laparotomy, gastrot- omy.^ Inflammation, coelitis, peritonitis, pain, colic, tormina, celialgia, celiodynia, enteralgia, ileus, gas- tralgia. puncture, paracentesis abdominis, celiopara- centesis. relaxation of walls, pendulous abdomen, celiochalasis. sinking down of contents, splanchnopto- sia, enteroptosia, gastroptosia, GMnard's disease, spasm, tormina, colic, tumor, celioncus, celiophyma. abdom'inal. Relating to the abdomen, a. re'glons, nine regions into which the abdomen is divided by four imaginary lines or planes ; of these lines two are horizontal, drawn at the levels of the cartilages of the ninth ribs (subcostal line) and of the crests of the ilia {interiubercular line), respectively, and two are vertical, passing through the center of Poupart's ligament on either side. The regions thus mapped out are named, from above downward, right hypochondriac. Abdominal Regions AND Zones, According to the Basle [BNA] Nomenclature. right lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]), and right inguinal or iliac; epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric or pubic; left hypochondriac, left lumbar (abdominis lateralis [BNA]), and left inguinal or iliac, a. zones, three zones into ABDOMINAL ABIOTROPHY which the abdomen is divided by horizontal lines at the level of the cartilages of the ninth ribs (subcostal line) and the iliac crests (intertu- bercular line) respectively; the upper or subcostal zone (regio epigastrica [BNA]) is subdivided into the right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hy- pochondriac regions; the middle or umbilical zone (regio mesogastrica [BNA]) into the right Itunbar, umbilical, and left lumbar regions, the lower or hypogastric zone (regio hypogastrica [BNA]) into the right iliac or inguinal, the hypogastric or pubic, and the left iliac or inguinal. The boundaries of the several regions differ some what in the old and the new nomenclatures (see the illustrations). abdominoanterior (ab-dom"i-no-an-te'rK-or) . Not- ing a position of the fetus in utero, with its belly turned toward the anterior abdominal wall of the mother. abdominocystic (ab-dom-1-no-sis'tik). Abdomino- vesical. abdominogen'ital. Relating to the abdomen and the genital organs. abdom"inohysterec'tomy. Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdominal wall. abdoin"inohysterot'oiny. Cutting into the uterus, cesarean section, performed through an incision in the abdominal wall. abdoin"inoposte'rior. Noting a position of the fetus in utero, with its abdomen turned toward the back of the mother. abdominoscopy (ab-dom-i-nos'ko-pi) [abdomen + G. skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the ab- domen or of its contained viscera. abdom"inoscro'tal. Relating to the abdomen and the scrotum. abdominothoracic (ab-dom"i-no-tho-ras'ik). Relat- ing to both abdomen and thorax. abdominous (ab-dom'i-nus) . Having a prominent abdomen. abdom"ino-uterot'omy. Abdominohysterotomy. abdominovaginal (ab-dom"i-no-vaj'i-nal). Relat- ing to both abdomen aiid vagina. abdom"inoves'ical. Relating both to the abdomen and to the urinary or gall bladder. abdu'cens [L. drawing away from.] Nervus abdu- cens. a. labio'rum, a. oris. a. oc'uli, musculus rectus lateralis [BNA]. a. o'ris, musctdus caninus [BNA]. abdu'cent. i. Abducens. 2. Abducting or draw- ing away from. abduct' [abducere, to draw away.] To move away from the axis of the body or of one of its parts; also to draw a part away from the middle line. abduc'tion. i. Movement away from the middle line. 3. A position resulting from such move- ment, a. of the foot, rotation of the foot outward around the axis of the leg, or rotation outward around its own axis. abduc'tor. That which abducts or draws something in a direction away from the axis of the part, said of various muscles ; the opposite of adductor. Abie's support' (ah'ba) [AbSe, German physician in Naviheim, contemporary.] An apparatus for making pressure over the cardiac region in order to quiet the overacting heart. abenter'ic [L. ab, from, + G. enteron, intestine.] Apenteric. abepithymia (ab-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [L. ab, from, + G epithymia, desire.] Anepithymia. Ab'ercrombie's degenera'tion [John Abercrombie, Scotch physician, 1780-1844.] Amyloid de- generation. * Ab'emethy's fas'cia [John Abernethy, London surgeon, 1764-1831.] A layer of subperitoneal areolar tissue in front of the external iliac artery. A.'s opera'tion, ligation of tfie external iliac artery through an incision curving around the anterior superior spine of the ilium. A.'s sarco'ma, liposarcoma. aber'rans [L. wandering away.] Vas aberrans. aber'rant. i. Wandering off, said of certain ducts or vessels taking an unusual course. 2. Differing from the normal, said in botany or zoology of cer- tain atypical individuals in a family or species. aberratio (ab-er-a'shyo) [L.] Aberration, a. tes'- tis, presence of the testis in a part away from the path followed in a normal descent. aberration (ab-er-a'shun) . i. Wandering away from the normal situation. 2. Atypical de- velopment or growth. 3. Slight mental de- rangement. 4. Unequal deviation of the rays of light in passing through a lens, so that the image is blurred (spherical a.) or colored (chromatic a.), owing to a breaking up of. the rays of white light, diop'tric a., spherical a. distan'tial a., blurring of the image of a distant object. Kewto'nian a., chromatic a. aberrometer (ab-er-om'e-tur) [L. aberratio + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measur- ing optical aberration or any error in experimentation. abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'shun). An abnormal evacuation in the way either of excess or of de- ficiency. abeyance (ab-a'ans) [from the Old French.] A state of temporary abolition of function. Abies (ab'e-ez) [L.] A genus of evergreen trees, the firs and spruces. A. balsam'ea, balsam fir, the source of Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, terebinthina canadensis. A. canaden'sis, Tsuga canadensis, hemlock, the source of Canada pitch, pix canadensis. A. ezcel'sa, Picea excelsa, spruce fir, or Norway spruce, the source of Bur- gundy pitch, pix burgundica. abietate (ab-i'6-tat). A salt of abietic acid. abietene (ab-i'S-ten) . A substance obtained from the nut-pine, Pinus (Abies) sabiana; it consists chiefly of heptane. abietic (ab-i-et'ik). Relating to fir trees or their products, a. ac'id, an acid derived from abietin. abietin (ab-i'S-tin). A resin from the turpentine of certain species of fir. abietite (ab-i'S-tit). A sugar obtained from the leaves of the silver fir. abiochemistry (ab"i-o-kem'is-tri) [G. a- priv. + biochemistry.] Inorganic chemistry. abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen'e-sis) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + genesis, production.] Spontaneous gene- ration, the origin of living matter without descent from other living matter. abiogenet'ic. Relating to spontaneous generation. abiological (ab"i-o-loj'i-kal). Not relating to biol- ogy or the science of living things. abionergy (ab-i-on'ur-ji) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + energeia, action, energy.] Premature degeneration with loss of function of certain cells or tissues, not due to any apparent ex- ternal influence; abiotrophy. abiosis (ab-i-o'sis) [G. a- priv. + bios, life.] i. Non-viability. 2. Absence of life. 3. Abio- trophy. abiot'ic. Marked by abiosis, non-viable. abiotrophy (ab-I-ot'ro-fl) [G. a- priv. + bios, life, + trophS, nourishment.] Premature loss of vitality or degeneration of certain cells or tissues, not caused by any apparent external influence; hypotrophy, abionergy. ABIRRITANT ABRAMS' HEART REFLEX abir'ritant. i. Soothing, relieving irritation, .i. An agent possessing this property. abir'ritate. To soothe, remove irritation, diminish reflex irritability. abirrita'tion [L. ah, from, + irritare, to irritate.] The diminution or abolition of reflex or other irritability in a part. abir'ritative. Soothing; tending to reduce reflex irritability. abiuret (a-bi'u-ret). Non-biuret not producing biuret, not giving a biuret reaction. abjoint'. In botany, to detach by septa. abjunc'tion [L. abjungere, to disjoin, to separate.] In botany, detachment by septa. ablacta'tion [L. ab, from.] Weaning. ablastem'ic. Not germinal or blastemic. ablate' [L. ablatus, taken away.] To remove. ablatio (ab-la'shyo) [L.] Ablation, removal, ampu- tation, a. placentae, premature detachment of the placenta, a. ret'inse, detachment of the retina. abla'tion [L. ablatio.] The removal of a part, as by amputation, or of any growth or noxious substance. ablepha'ria, ableph'aron [G. o- priv + blepharon, eyelid.] Congenital absence, partial or complete, - of the eyelids. ableph'arous [G. a- priv. + blepharon, eyelid.] Without eyelids. ablephary (S-blefa-ri). Ablepharia. ablepsia, ablepsy (S-blep'sI-ah, 3.-blep'sI) [G. o- priv. + blepo, I see.] Blindness. ab'luent [L. abluere, to wash off.] i. Cleansing. 2. Anything with cleansing properties. ablu'tion [L. ablutio,] A "washing or cleansing. abner'val [L. 06, away from, + nervus, nerve.] Away from a nerve, noting specifically a current of electricity passing through a muscular fiber in a direction away from the point of entrance of the nerve fiber. abneural (ab-nu'ral) [L. ab, away from.] j. Abnerval. -2. Away from the neural axis. abnor'mal [L. ab, a.-wa.y from, + norma, rule.] Not normal, contrary to the rule or type, irregular. abnormality. Irregtdarity, deviation from the type or rule. abnor'mity. i. Abnormality, deformity. 2. Mon- strosity. abomasitis (ab"o-mas-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the abomasum. aboma'sum, aboma'sus [L. ab, from, + omasum, third stomach of a ruminant.] The fourth stomach of a ruminant. abo'rad [L. ab, from, + os(qr-), mouth.] In a direction away from the mouth. abo'ral [L. ab, from, -I- os(or-), mouth.] Away from or opposite to, the mouth. aboriginal (ab-o-rij'in-al) [L. ab, from, -t- origo (origin-), source, birth.] i. Autochthon. 2. Autochthonous. abort' [L. abortare, to miscarry.] i . To give birth to an embryo or fetus before it is viable. 2. To arrest the development or growth of a living thing or part. 3. To become arrested ingrowth or development, to remain rudimentary. abort'icide [L. abortus, abortion, 4- cadere, to kill.] Feticide. abortient (ab-or'shent). 1. Miscarrying, aborting. 2, An agent producing abortion. 3. Sterile. abortifacient (ab-or-tl-fa'shent) [L. abortus, abortion, + facere, to make.] 1. Producing abortion. 2. An agent which produces abortion. abor'tion. i. The giving birth to an embryo or non- viable fetus. 2. The product of such pre- mature birth. 3. The arrest of any action or process before its normal completion, as t^e abortion of pneumonia. A distinction is some- times made between abortion and miscarriage, the former signifying the emptying of the uterus prior to the fourth month of pregnancy, the latter dur- ing the fourth, fifth, or sixth month; premature delivery noting the delivery of a viable fetus after the beginning of the seventh month and before full term, artifi'cial a., induced a. conta'gious a., infectious a. crim'inal a., an a. produced artificially, the fetus being alive, and the inter- ruption of the pregnancy not being necessitated by the state of the mother's health, em'bryonal or embryon'ic a., expulsion of the embryo prior to the fifth month of pregnancy, true abortion. f e'tal a., miscarriage, a. during the fifth or sixth month, habit'ual a., a. recurring, usually at about the same period, with each pregnancy. incomplete' a., expulsion of the ovum with retention of the membranes, induced' a., a. brought on by drugs or mechanical means. infec'tiouB a., a disease attacking cows with calf, the most striking symptom of which is abortion; it is caused by the presence of Bacillus abortus, and it may occur in the human female, missed a., the long retention in the uterus, and subsequent expulsion, of a dead embryo, ov'ular a., expul- sion of the ovum in the first week or two of pregnancy, tu'bal a., rupture of an oviduct which is the seat of an ectopic pregnancy. abor'tionist. One who practises criminal abortion. abor'tive. i. Not coming to completion, said, for example, of an attack of a disease which sub- sides before it has become fully developed or has run its full course. 5. Rudimentary. 3. Cutting short an attack of a disease. 4. Abortifacient. abor'tus [L.] Abortion. aboulia (&-boo'li-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- boule, will.] Abulia, loss or marked diminution of the will power. aboulomania (S-boo-lo-ma'nJ-ah) [G. a- priv. + boule, will, -I- mania, frenzy.] Abulomania, mental derangement accompanied by greatly weakened or abolished will power. abrachia (5-bra'kI-ah) [see abrachius.'] The absence of arms. abrachiocephalia (a-bra"kI-o-sS-fa'li-ah). A,bsence of arms and head. abracUocephalus (S-bra'TcI-o-sef'al-us) [G. o- priv. + brachion, arm, + kephale, head.] A monster having neither arms nor head. abrachius (S-bra'kl-us [G. a- priv. + brachion, arm.] A monster without arms. abrade (S-brad ) [L. ab, from, -I- radere, to scrape.] To excoriate, to scrape away the epidermis from a part. A'brahams' sign [Robert Abrahams, New York physician, *i86i.] i. Rales and other ad- ventitious sounds, changes in the respiratory murmur, and increase in the whispered sounds can be heard on auscultation over the acromial end of the clavicle some time before they become audible at the apex. 2. A dull-flat note, i.e. one between the normal dulness at the right apex and absolute flatness, heard on percussion in that region, indicating the progress from in- cipient to advanced tuberculosis. A'brams' heart re'flex [Albert Ahrams, San Fran- cisco physician, *i864.] A contraction of the myocardium when the skin of the precordial region is irritated. A.'s lung re'flex, increase in the pulmonary area following irritation of the skin of the thorax or upper abdominal region. A.'s treat'ment, treatment of aortic aneurysm by percussion of the spine. ABRASIO ABSOLUTE abra'sio [L.] Abrasion. abrasion (^-bra'zhun) [L. ab, off, + radere, to scrape.] 1. An excoriation, a circumscribed removal of the epidermis of skin or mucous membrane. 2. A scraping away of a portion of the surface. 3. In dentistry, the mechanical wearing away of the surface of a tooth. abreaction (ab-re-ak'shun). The emotional dis- charge, obtained after the recall of the original psychic trauma, in the process called by Freud catharsis. a'brin. Jequiritin, a specific poison, analogous to the bacterial toxins, occurring in jequirity seeds {Ahrus precatorius). abrotanum (a.-brot'a-num) [G. abrotonon, an aromatic plant.] The dried leaves and tops of southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum; employed as a vermifuge and tonic in doses of inio— 20 (o.6-i*.3) of a fiuidextract. abruptio (ab-rup'shyo) [L.] Abruption, a tearing away. a. placen'tse, premature detachment of the placenta. A'brus [more correctly Habrus, from G. habros, graceful.] A genus of leguminous plants. A. precaio'rius, Indian liquorice, the root being some- times used as a substitute for liquorice; the seeds have been employed in ophthalmic practice, see jequirity. abscess (ab'ses) [L. abscessus, from abscedere, to go away.] A circumscribed collection of pus, acute' a., hot a. ame'bic a., an abscess of the liver, complicating or following tropical dysentery, which contains amebas. arthrif'luent a., a cold, gravitation a., due to disease, usually tuberculous, of a joint, athero'matous a., a circumscribed area of atheromatous softening in the wall of an artery. blind a., dental granuloma.* canalic'ular a., an a. of the breast discharging into the milk ducts. ca'seous a., one in which the pus has become inspissated, "having a soft cheesy consistence. chron'ic a., cold a. circumton'sillar a., quinsy. cold a., a collection of pus occurring without local heat or other signs of inflammation, com- monly of tuberculous origin, crit'ical a., an a. occurring toward the end of an acute disease. diffuse' a., a collection of pus not circumscribed by a well defined capsule, dry a., the remains of an a. the pus of which has been absorbed. embol'ic a., metastatic a., a suppurative focus established at the point of arrest of a septic embolus, fe'cal a., stercoral a. fixa'tion a., an a. artificially provoked by the subcutaneous injec- tion of turpentine, alleged to be of therapeutic r value in certain infectious processes, gas a., an a. containing gas, due to the presence of Bacillus aerogenes or other species of gas-forming microorganism, gravita'tion a., grav'ity ».., a wandering a. which sinks to the dependent parts. hot a., an acute a., one occurring with all the evidences of local inflammation, hypostat'ic a., gravitation a. metastat'ic a., a secondary a. formed, at a distance from the primary focus, as a result of the transportation of the pus germs by the lymph or blood stream, mil'iaiy a., one of a number of minute collections of pus. milk a., a, mammary a. occurring during lactation. mul'tiple a. of the liv'er, numerous small purulent collections, of pyemic origin, in the liver, mu'ral a., one occurring in the tissues of the abdominal wall following celiotomy, ossifluent a., an a.., usually a cold wandering a., originating from a focus of disease in a bone, phleg'monoijs a., suppuration associated with acute inflammation of the subcutaneous connective tissue, pso'as a., a. cold or wandering abscess in the groin, associ- ated with lumbar Pott's disease, the pus sinking down in the sheath of the psoas muscle, resid'- ual a., an a. recurring on the site of a former a., due to inflammation excited by the undischarged residue of pus. retropharyn'geal a., a phleg- monous inflammation involving the cellular tissup of the posterior wall of the oropharyn.x. scrof- ulous a., strumous a. se'rous a., periostitis albuminosa, periosteal ganglion; a flattened sub- periosteal cavity containing a clear, yellowish, viscid, synovia-like fluid, shirt-stud a., two abscesses connected by an arrow channel, sol'- ' itary a. of the liver, tropical a. ster'coral a., a col- lection of pus mixed with fecal matter, stitch a., an a. due to the use of septic suture material or to the inclusion in a stitch of pus germs from the skin. stru'mous a., a cold a. of tuberculous origin. subphren'ic a., circumscribed suppurative inflam- mation of the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm, and' usually of the contiguous peritoneal surfaces of the liver and of the diaphragm, trop'ical a., amebic a., a. of the liver associated with amebic dysentery, occurring chiefly in Europeans long resident in hot countries, u'rinous a.., an a. communicating, with the bladder or the urethra, and containing urine mixed with pus. ver'minous a., an a. due to inflammation caused by the pres- ence of larvae or of intestinal worms, wan'dering a., an a. found at a distance from the focus of disease, the pus burrowing along the fascial sheaths of the muscles. ab'scess-root. The root of Polemonium reptans or Greek valerian; it is sometimes used as a stimu- lant expectorant in doses of 5i~i (2.0-4.0) of a fluii^extract. abscission (ab-sl'shun) [L. abscindere, to cut away from.] Cutting away, cor'neal a., cutting away of the prominence of the cornea in cases of staphyloma. absconsio (ab-skon'shyo) [L. abscondere, to hide.] A recess or cavity. ab'sence. A temporary abeyance of the mental functions. absinthe (ab'sinth, Fr. ab-sant'). A liqueur consisting of an alcoholic extract of absinthium and other bitter herbs. absin'thic. Relating to absinthe or absinthium. a. acid, an acid obtained from oil of wormwood. ab'sinthin. A bitter principle, C4i,Hj50,, obtained from absinthium. ab'sinthism, -The pathological condition resulting from the habitual use, of absinthe in excess. absin'thium [G. apsinthion.] (N.F.) , Wormwood, the dried leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium,. The infusion (Si:Oi) has been employed as a tonic in doses of gi-2 (30.0-60.0). In large or frequently repeated doses it is a narcotic poison, causing headache, trembling, and epileptiform convulsions. absin'thol. The chief constituent (Cii|H„0) qf oil of wormwood, identical with thuyol and tanacetol. absolute (ab'so-lut) [L. absolutus, complete.] Un- conditional, unlimited; complete, entire; fixed, certain, a. al'cohol, alcohol with no admixture of water, or at most i per cent. a. di'et, complete fasting, a. field, that portion of the cerebral cortex, a lesion of which invariably produces spasm or paralysis, a. tem'perature, temperature reckoned from the a. zero. a. ze'rp the lowest possible temperature, that at which the form of motion constituting heat no longer exists, reck- oned as —273.7° C. , ABSORB ACANTHOLYSIS absorb' [L. obsorfcere, to suck in.] i. To incorporate or take up gases, liquids, or the rays of light. 2. To take any material into the body through the lymphatics or blood-vessels. 3. To arrest the passage of radiant heat. 4. To neutralize an acid. absorbefacient (ab-sor-bi-fa'shent) [L. absorbere, to suck in, + facere, to make.] i. Causing absorp- tion. 2. Any substance possessing such quality. absorljent. i. Having the power to absorb, suck up, or take into itself any gas or liquid or the light rays, or to neutralize an acid. 2. Any substance possessing such power. 3. A lymphatic or blood-vessel drawing material of any kind into the tissues, specifically a lacteal, a. cott'on, cotton from which all fatty matter has been ex- tracted, so that it readily takes up fluids. absorptlometer (ab-sorp-shi-om'e-ter) [L. absorptio, absorption, 4- G. metron, measure.] i. An instrument for determining the amount of gas absorbed by a given quantity of liquid. 2. An appliance for determining the thickness of a layer of liquid between two glass plates in apparent apposition; used in hematoscopy. absorption (ab-sorp'shun). i. The taking up of gases by liquid or solid substances, or of liquids by solids. 2. The taking into the tissues, through the medium of the lymphatics or blood-vessels, of any material in suitable form. 3 . The extinction of light or any of its component rays by black or colored objects. 4. The arrest of the rays of radiant heat, the temperature of the absorbing body being slowly raised. 5. The neutralization of an acid. a. band, a dark band in the spectrum produced by the passage of light through certain solid, liquid, or gaseous substances, a. lines, numerous dark lines in the solar spectrum due to absorption by the solar atmosphere, and also by that of the earth; the phenomenon is due to the fact that rays passing from an incandescent body through a cooler medium are absorbed by elements in that medium which would give out the same rays if the medium were itself made incandescent, a. spec'trum, a spectrum showing a. bands or lines, disjunc'tive a., absorption of living tissue in immediate relation with a necrosed part, producing the line of demarca- tion, interstitial a., the removal of water or of degenerated material in the tissues by the lymphatics. absorp'tive. Absorbent. abstergent (ab-stur'jent) [L. abstergere, to wipe off.] 1. Having cleansing or purgative properties. 2. A cleansing lotion. 3. A purgative. ab'stinence [L. abstinere, to abstain.] Specifically, refrain from the use of certain articles of diet or of alcoholic beverages, or from sexual intercourse. a. symp'toms, erethism or partial collapse follow- ing the sudden withdrawal of an accustomed stimtUant, such as alcohol or opium. ab'stract [L. absiracium, from abstrahere, to draw away.] A preparation formerly recognized by the U.S. P. under the name absiracium, made by evaporating a fluidextract to a powder and trit- urating with sugar of milk; one part of the abstract was equal in strength to two parts of the drug or its extract. The official abstracts were of aconite, belladonna, conium, digitalis, hyo- scyamus, ignatia, jalap, nux vomica, podophyllum, senega, and valerian. abstract' [L. abstrahere, to draw away.] i. To take away 2. To condense or abbreviate an article or paper. 3 To make an abstract of a. drug. abstrac'tion. 1. Taking away. 2. The making of an abstract from the crude drug. 3. Blood- letting. 4. Distillation or separation of the volatile constituents of a substance. 5. Exclusive mental concentration, absentmiudedness. abstric'tion [L. abs, from, + stringere, to bind.] In botany, a mode of spore formation by a constriction of the end of the mother cell, the spores seeming to be nipped off; abjunction. abter'minal [L ab, from, -I- terminus, end.] In a direction away from the end and toward the center, noting the course of an electrical current in a muscle. abulia (S,-bu'l!(-ah). Aboulia. abu'lic. Relating to, or suffering from, abulia. abulomania (&-bu-lo-nia'ni-ah) . Aboulomania. abuse (4-bus'). Misuse, wrong use, especially excessive use, of anything, self -a., masturbation. abuse (S-buz') [L. ab, from, -I- utere, to use.] To use wrongly, especially to overuse. abut'ment. In dentistry the tooth to which a bridge is anchored. A. C. Abbreviation for anodal closure. a-c. Abbreviation for auriculocarotid or atrio- carotid. a-c in'terval, the distance between the beginning of the auricular and that of the carotid wave in a tracing of the jugular pulse ; the inter- systolic period. Acacia (S-ka'shya) [G. akakia.} A genus of plants of the order Leguminoses, foimd especially in tropical and subtropical regions. acacia (U.S. and Br.). Gum arable, the dried exu- dation from Acacia Senegal and other species of A. The official preparations are the mucilago and the syrupus. aca'ciae cor'tex (B.A.), acacia bark, black wattle bark, the dried bark, kept for a year, of Acacia arabica or A. decurrens; astringent, employed locally and internally in the form of decoction. acal'ypha [G. akalyphes, imcovered.] (B.A.) The herb, dried or fresh, Acalypha indica; expectorant and laxative, resembling senega in its action; the liquid extract and succus are used. acamp'sla [G. o- priv. + kampio, I bend.] Rigidity of a joint, ankylosis. acan'tha [G. akaniha, a thorn.] i. The spine. 2. The spinous process of a vertebra. acanthesthesia, acanthaesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'zi- ah) [G. akaniha, a prickle, -f aisihesis, sensation.] A form of paresthesia in which there is a sensation as of a pinprick. Acan'thia lectula'ria [G. akaniha, thorn, prickle; L. lecius, a bed.] Cimex leciularius, bedbug. acan'thion [G. akaniha, thorn.] The tip of the anterior nasal spine; see cut vmder norma later- alis, 5. Acanthoceph'ala [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- kephale, head.] An order of nematode-like entozoa without alimentary canal. Various species are parasites, in the adult stage, of vertebrate animals, the larval stage being passed in inverte- brates. They are only exceptionally parasitic in man. Acanthocheilonema perstans (a.-kan-tho-ki-lo-ne'- mah pur'stanz) [G. akaniha, thorn, + cheilos, lip, + nema, thread; L. persiare, to persist.] Filaria perstans. acbnthokeratodermia (a-kan"tho-ker"a-to-dur'mJ- ah) [G. akaniha, thorn, + keras, horn. -|- derma, skin.] Hyperkeratosis of the hands or feet. acanthol'ysis [G. akaniha, thorn, -I- lysis, solution.] A skin disease characterized by atrophy of the prickle-cell layer of the epidermis, a. buUo'sa, epidermolysis bullosa. ACANTHOMA ACCOUCHEMENT acantho'ma [G. akantha, thorn, + -oma.] i. Papilloma. 2. Cutaneous cancer, n, adenoi'- des cys'ticum, an eruption of papules and nodules, resembling spiradenoma, originating in the rete spinosimi. acanthopel'vis, acanthopel'yx [G. akantha, thorn, + pelyx, pelvis.] A rachitic pelvis with a sharp and prominent pubic spine; pelvis spinosa. acantho'sis [G. akantha, thorn.] Any skin disease due to an affection of the stratiun mucosum or spinosum. a. ni'gricans, keratosis nigricans, hypertrophy with pigmentation of the papillae of the skin, seen in malignant disease of the abdom- inal organs. acap'nia [G. ^ - priv. + kapnos, smoke, the product of combustion.] A marked diminution in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood; also the disturbances of function resulting from such diminution. acar'dia [G. a- priv. + kardia, heart.] Absence of the heart, a condition present in certain parasitic monsters. acar'diac. i. Without heart. 2. An acardiacus. acardiacus (S-kar-di'S-kus) [G. a- priv. + kardia, heart.] A monster, parasitic on another fetus, having no heart, a. an'ceps [L. doubtful], a monster with head, extremities, and heart all rudimentary; a. amorphus. acari'asis. Any disease caused by an acarid, or mite. acaricide (i-kar'I-sJd) [L. acarus + cadere to kill.] I. Destructive to acarids, or mites. 2. An agent having this property. ac'arid. A member of the order Acarina, a mite. Acar'idx. A family of the order Acarina, including the mites. acar'idan. An acarid. Acari'na [G. akari, a mite.] An order of Arach- noidea which includes the mites and ticks. acarlno'sis. Acariasis. acarodermatitis (ak"a-ro-der-ma-ti'(te')tis). An in- flammation of the skin caused by the presence of a mite; acariasis, the itch. ac'aroid [G. akari, mite, + eidos, resemblance.] 1. Resembling a mite. 2. An acarus, or niite. a. gum or res'in [Acarois, the former name of the genus Xanthorrhcea], Botany Bay resin, an exudation from an Australian tree, Xanihorrhaa hastilis, employed as a stimulant in doses of gr, S-io (0.3-0.6). acaropho'bia [G. akari, mite, -I- phobos, fear.] i A morbid fear of acquiring the itch. 2. A belief that one has scabies, caused by an essential or senile pruritus. Ac'arus [G. akari, a mite, from akares, tiny.] A genus of mites of the family Acaridce. A. foUicu- lo'rum, Demodex folliculorum. A. scabie'i, Sar- coptes scabiei. ac'arus. Any mite or tick, an acaroid. acatalep'sia, acat'alepsy [G. a- priv. + katalepsis, comprehension.] i. Mental deficiency character- ized by a lack of understanding. ^. Uncertainty. acatalep'tic. i'. Deficient in comprehension. 2. Uncertain. acatamathesia (a-kat-&-ma-the'zI-ah) [G. a- priv. + katamailiesis, a thorough knowledge or under- standing.] A loss of the faculty of understanding. acatapha'sia [G. a- priv. -f- kaiaphasis, affirmation.] A loss of the power of correctly formulating a statement. acatastasia (^-kat-as-ta'sK-ah) [G. a- priv. + katastasis, condition.] Deviation from type. acathar'sia, acath'aisy [G. a- priv. -1- katharsis-, j. cleansing.] A failure to obtain a desired pur- gation. acathec'tic. Relating to acathexia. acathex'ia [G. o- priv. -I- kathexis, a holding in.] An abnormal loss of the secretions. acathisia (S-k^-thiz'I-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kathisis, a sitting.] A neurosis characterized by an inability to remain in a sitting posture. acaudal, acaudate (i-kaw'dal, ^-kaw'dat) [G. a- priv. + L. Cauda, tail.] Having no tail. acauline (^-kaw'len) [G. o-priv. +1^. cauUcstem.] Noting a group of stemless fungi. acaulino'sis. An eczematous disease caused by the presence of an acauline fungus. ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closing contraction, also written AnCC. accelerans (ak-sel'er-anz) L. pres. part, of acceUrare to hasten.] Accelerator* nerve of the heart. accelera'tion. An increase in rapidity. accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-tor). That which increases rapidity of action or function, a. nerve, a nerve originating in a center in the medulla and coming to the heart through the ganglion stellatvim; its stimulation increases the rapidity of the heart. a. uri'nse, musculus bulbocavemosus. . accentuator (ak-sent'u-a-tor). A substance, such as aniline, the presence of which allows of a combi- nation between a tissue or histological element and a stain, which niight otherwise be im- possible. acceptor (ak-sep'tor) [L. accipere, to accept.] A substance, such as indigo, nitrates, etc.. which absorbs the nascent hydrogen set free by a. re- ducing enzyme. accessiflezor (ak-ses"![-flek'sor) . Accessory flexor. accessorius (ak-ses-so'rl-us) [L. accedere, to move toward.] Accessory, supemvimerary, adjuvant; noting certain muscles, nerves, glands, etc. See under musculus and nervus. a. Willis'ii, nervus accessorius spinalis. acces'sory. Supernumerary, supplementary, adju- vant, a. nerve of Willis, nervus accessorius spinalis. accip'iter [L. a hawk.] A bandage for the nose, so called because its ends branch out like the talons of a hawk grasping the face. accladiosis (ak-kla-di-o'sis). An ulcerative dis- ease of the skin caused by the presence of a fungus, Accladium castellani, isolated by Castell- ani in Ceylon. acclimatation (S-kli-ma-ta'shun). Acclimatization. accli'mate [Fr. a. vulgaris in which the papular lesions pre- dominate, a. pustulo'sa, a. vulgaris in which the pustular lesions predominate, a. ro'dens, a. varioliformis, a. rosa'cea, a. erythematosa, rosacea, a., of the cheeks and nose associated with congestion and the formation of telangiectases. a. scorbu'tica, a papular eruption accompanied by cutaneous hemorrhages, a. scrofuloso'rum, a form of a. cachecticonun, occurring in •scrofur lous children, seated chiefly in the lower extremities, a. sim'plex, simple a., a. vulgaris. a. urtica'ta, an eruption of acne-like lesions, beginning as small urticarial wheals and folr lowed by slight scarring, a. variolifor'mis, a. pustiilosa followed by scarring, occurring chiefly on the forehead and temples at the border of the scalp, a. Tulga'ris, a. simplex, a., dissemi- nata, simple uncomplicated a., an eruption of papules and pustules on an inflammatory base, due to an inflammation originating in the seba* ceous follicles. Bc'neform, acne'ifoim [acne + L. forma, shape.] Resembling acne. acnitis (ak-ni'(ne')tis). Acne agminata. acocan'thera. Toxicophloea, Hottentot's poison bush; a South African arrow poison containing, ouabain, juice from the leaves and stems . of Acocanthera venenata,, acocantherin (S-ko-kan'ther-in). Ouabain. acoelius (S-se'li-us) [G. a- priv. + koilia, abdomen.^ A monster without abdomen. acognosy. (S-kog'no-sI) [G. akos, remedy, -(- gnosis; .' knowledge.] A knowledge of remedies. acoin (ak'o-in), A white crystalline powder, dipara-anisylmonophenetyl-guanidin hydrochloiv ide, employed for infiltration anesthesia (i— 1000 solution), and also as a' local anesthetic in eye surgery, in i per cent, solution. acol'ogy [G. akos, remedy, 4- -logia.l Materia medica. i ■ aco'mia [G. a- priv. + kome, hair of the head.] Alopecia, baldness. ac'onine. An amorphous, bitter, non-poisonous alkaloid, derived from aconitine. ac'onite. The root of Aconitum napellus; see aconitum. aconiti'na (U.S. and Br.). Aconitine, acetylben- zoylaconine, the active principle (alkaloid) of aconitum, occurring in white crystals; exceed- ingly poisonous; employed as a cardiac sedative in dose of gr. yjj (0.00015). The unguentum is official in the B.P. Aconi'tum [L. wolfsbane.] A genus of herbaceous plants of the natural order Ranunculacece, the root of one species of which, A. napellus, is the drug aconite. The alkaloid aconitine is usually obtained from the root of another species, A. ferox. aconi'tum, gen. aconi'ti [G. akoniton, monkshood.] (U.S.) Aconiti radix (Br.), the root of Aconitum napellus, monkshood or wolfsbane; antipyretic' diuretic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, a cardiac and respiratory depressant; externally analgesic; dose of the crude drug, gr. i (0.06). The fluid- extract, liniment, and tincture are official in the U.S.P., or B.P., or both. aconure'sis [G. akon, involuntary, + ouresis, micturition.] Enuresis, involuntary urination. acoprosis (S-kS-pro'sis) [G. a- priv. + koprbs, feces.] Absence or great scantiness of fecal matter in the intestines. ACOPYRINE 14 ACROCEPHALIC acopyrine (ak-o-pi'ren) Acetopyrine, antipyrine* acetylsalicylate. a'cor [L. a soxir taste.] Gastric acidity, pyrosis. acorea (i-ko-re'ah) [G. a- priv. + korS, pupil.] Con- genital absence of the pupil of the eye. acoiia (5-ko'ri-ah) [G. excessive appetite, from o- priv. + kore, satiety.] 1. Absence of the feeling of satiety after eating, from which may arise: 2. Gluttony. To be distinguished from bulimia in which actual hunger persists. acor'mus [a- priv. + kormos, trunk.] A form of acardiacus in which the entire trunk is lacking. acoulal'ion [G. akoud, I hear, + lalia, talking.] An instrument for enabling the very deaf to hear; it is constructed on the principle of the telephone with a sound-magnifying attachment. acoumeter (i-koo'ine-ter) [G. akoud, I hear, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the acuity of hearing, consisting of a movable and a fixed steel rod, the striking of one of which upon the other gives a sharp click. acotunetiy (i-koo'me-trl). Measurement of the hearing faculty. acouphone (i'koo-f on) [G. akoud, I ' hear, + phone, sound.] An electrical appliance, on the principle of the telephone, for enabling the deaf to hear; spelled also akouphone. acousm a(^-kooz'mah) [G. akousma, a rumor.] An auditory hallucination. acousmatagnosia (S-kooz-mi-tag-no'sI-ah) [G. ak- ousma(akousmat~), a thing heard, -f- agnosia, ignorance.] Mind-deafness ; inability to grasp the meaning of what is heard. acousmatamnesia (3,-kooz-ina-tam-ne'sI-ah) [G. akousma, something heard, + amnesia, forget- , fulness ] A loss of memory for sounds. acoustic (3.-koos'tik) [G. akousiikos.] Relating to hearing or the perception of sound. acousticon (3.-koos'ti-kon) [G. akousiikos, relating to hearing.] An electrical appliance, on the principle of the telephone, for enabling the deaf to hear better. acoustics (a,-koos'tiks) [G. akousiikos, relating to hearing.] The science which treats of sounds and of their perception. acquired (^-kwird') [L, acquirers, to obtain.] Noting a disease, predisposition, habit, etc., which is not congenital but has taken possession of one at some period after birth. acquisitus (3,-kwiz'i-tus) [L.] Acquired, noting a non-congenital dermatosis or other disease. acraconitine (ak"r&-kon'I-ten) [L. acer (acr-), violent, + E. aconiiine.] Pseudaconitine, an alkaloid from Aconilwm ferox, said to be twice the strength of aconitine. acrania (i-kra'nl-ah) fG. a- priv. -1- kranion, skull.] Congenital absence of most or all of the bones of the cranium. acra'nial. [G. a- priv. -t- kranion, skull.] Having no cranium; relating to an acranius. acra'nius [G. a- priv. + kranion, skull.] A monster having no cranium, or with only the bones form- ing the base of the skull acrasia (S-kra'sI-ah) [G.] Incontinence, intemper- ance. acratia (i-kra'shyah) [G. akraieia, incontinence.] 1. Incontinence. 2. Loss of strength, weakness. 3. Lack of control. acraturesis (ak-rS-tu-re'sis) [G. akraies, powerless, incontinent, -I- ourSsis, urination.] i. Inconti- nence of urine. 2. Feeble urination due to vesical atony. Acree-Rosenheim test (ah'kra-ro'zen-him) . For protein; mix 5 to 10 drops of a 1-5000 solution of formaldehyde with the suspected fluid in a test-tube, then trickle a little sulphuric acid down the side of the tube; if protein is present the line of contact will show a violet coloration. Ac'rel's gang'lion [Olof Acrel, Swedish surgeon, 1717-1807.] Ganglion on the extensor tendons of the wrist. acremoniosis (ak-re-mo-ni-o'sis). A condition marked by fever and the occurrence of gumma- like swellings, caused by a fungus Acremonium potronii. acribom'eter [G. akribes, exact, + metron, measure ] An instrument for measiiring very minute objects. ac'rid [L. acer{acr-), pungent.] Sharp, pungent, biting, irritating, a. poison, a poison which causes a destructive local irritation as well as systemic effects. aciidine (i'krl-den). An alkaloid derived from gas-tar; occurs in colorless crystals of an acid odor and taste. acriflavine (ak-ri-fla'ven) . An acridine dye (diam- ino-methyl-acridinium chloride) , possessing very powerful antiseptic properties, especially in the presence of serum; said to be 20 times more powerful than mercuric chloride and 800 times more so than phenol. acrimo'ma [L. pungency.] A sharp, pungent, disease-provoking humor; a. term of the ancient humoral pathologists. ac'rimony [L acrimonia, pungency.] The quality of being intensely irritant, biting, or pungent. ac'rinyl sulphocy'anlde. White mustard oil, formed by the action of myrosin on synalbin, parahy- droxybenzyl-isothiocyanate, C,H,ONCS ; a yellow, pungent, vesicating liquid. acrisia (5-kris'i-ah) [G. a- priv. + krisis, judgment.] A condition in which diagnosis and especially prognosis are uncertain. acrit'ical [G. a- priv. + kriiikos, critical.] i. Not critical ; marked by no crisis, noting the diseases terminating by lysis, z. Indeterminate, especially as regards prognosis. acritochromacy (S-kri-to-kro'ma-si) [G. akritos, not distinguishing, + chroma, color.] Color-blindness. acroaesthesia (ak"ro-es-the'zJ-ah). Acroesthesia. acroanesthesia, acroanassthesia (ak"ro-an-es-the'- zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, + an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] i . Complete anesthesia, total absence of sensation z. [G. akron. end, extremity.] Anesthesia of one or more of the extremities. acroarthritis (ak"ro-ar-thri'(thre )tis) [G. akron, end, extremity, -t- arihron, joint, -t- -iiis.] Inflam- mation of the joints of the hands or feet. acroasphyzia ^ (ak"ro-as-fiks'i-ah) [G. akron, ex- tremity, + asphyxia, stoppage of the pulse] Raynaud's* disease. acroatazia (ak"ro-a-taks1-ah) [G. akros, highest, first part, + ataxia.] Ataxia or muscular inco- ordination affecting the distal portion of the ex- tremities — hands and fingers, feet and toes. ac'roblast [G. akros, topmost, + blasios, germ.] One of the embryonic cells forming the outer layer of the mesoblast. acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'ti-o-Iith) [G. akrobysiia, prepuce, -I- liihos, stone.] A preputial calculus. acrobystitis (ak-ro-bis-ti'(te')tis) " [G. akrobystia, prepuce.] Inflammation of the prepuce, pos- thitis. acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'pus) [G. akros, at the top, + karpos, fruit.] In botany noting a moss in which the archegonium is developed on the summit of the primary stem. acrocepha'lia. Acrocephaly. aorocephal'ic [G. akron, tip, -f- kephale, head.] ACROCEPHALIC IS ACROTIC Having a, high or peaked head. Noting a skull with a vertical index above 77. Similar to hypsicephalic {q.v.). acroceph'alous. Acrocephalic. acToceph'aly [G. akron, tip, + kephale, head.] Malformation of the head, consisting in a high or pointed cranial vault, due to premature closure of the sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures. acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'don) [G. akron, extremity, + chorde, cord.] A small pedunculated growth, as in moUuscum pendulum. acrocinesia (ak-ro-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, + kinesis, movement.] Excessive movement. acrocinet'ic. Being extremely motile. acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'sis) [G. akron, extremity, + kyanosis, dark blue color.] Cyanosis of the finger-tips, resembling that of Raynaud's* dis- ease, but differing from it in the absence of a pro- ^ dromic local asphyxia, in its permanence, and in the absence or slight degree of accompanying pain, acrodermatitis (ak-ro-dur-mah-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, extremity, + derma, skin, -I- -t/ii.] Inflamma- tion of the skin of the arms or legs. a. per'stans, a persistently recurring form of dermatitis repens. a. vesiculo'sa trop'ica, a condition marked by a glossy appearance of the skin of the fingers, with minute vesicles imbedded in it; some pain in the hand and fingers is complained of. acrodont (ak'ro-dont) [G. akros, edge, -f odous (pdont-), tooth.] Noting an animal (such as certain lizards) having the teeth attached directly to the edge of the jaws and not inserted in alveoli. acrodynia (ak-ro-din'I-ah) [G. nkron, extremity, + odyne, pain.] 1 . An epidemic which prevailed in Paris in 1828, marked by pain in the extremities, especially the legs and feet, accompanied by con- tractures, an eruption of patches of er3d;hema, and sometimes digestive disturbances; supposed to have been pellagra, ergotism, or dengue. 2. Multiple neuritis of the fingers or toes. acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the'zl-ah) [G. akros, extreme, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] i. Extreme degree of hyperesthesia, i. '[G. akron, extremity.] Hy- peresthesia of one or more of the extremities. acrogenous (&-kroj'en-us) [G. akros, at the sum.mit, -f gennad, I produce.] In botany, increasing by apical growth. acrolein (a-kro^e-in) [L. acer{acr-), acrid, -I- oleum, oil.] AUyl aldehyde, a, light volatile oily liquid, giving off irritant vapor, derived from glycerin by heating alone or heating with acid potassium sulphate or phosphoric anhydride. acroma'nia [G. akros, extreme, + m-ania, frenzy.] Excessively violent mania. acromastitis (a"kro-mas-ti'(te')tis) [G. akron, tip, H- mastos, breast, + -itis^ Thelitis, inflamma- tion of the nipple. acromega'lia, acromeg'aly [G. akron, extremity, 4- megas(megal-), large.] Marie's disease, a trophic disorder marked by progressive enlargement of the head and face, hands and feet, and thorax, probably due to altered fimction of the hypophy- sis cerebri. acromelalgia (ak-ro-mel-al'jJ-ah) [G. akros, terminal, +melos, limb, -f- algos, pain.] A vasomotor neurosis marked by redness, pain, and swelling. of the fingers and toes, headache, and vomiting; probably the same as erythromelalgia. acrometagenesis (ak-ro-met-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. akron, extremity, 4- meta, beyond, + genesis, origin.] Abnormal development of the extremities result- ing in deformity. acro'mial. Relating to the acromion, a. angle, the angle at the lower edge of the spme of the scapula where it ascends to become the acromion. a. process, acromion. acromicria (ak-ro-mik'ri-ah) [G. akron, extremity, + mikros, small.] Congenital shortness or general smallness of one or more extremities. acro"mioclavic'ular. Relating to the acromion and the clavicle, noting the articulation between the clavicle and the scapula, and its ligaments. acro"miocor'acoid. Relating to the acromion and the coracoid process, same as coracoacromial. acro'miohu"meral. Relating to the acromion and the humerus. acro'mion [G. akron, tip, + omos, shoulder.] Acro- mial process, the outer end of the spine of the scapula which projects as a broad flattened proc- ess overhanging the glenoid fossa; it articulates with the clavicle and gives attachment to the deltoid and some fibers of the trapezius. acromiothoracic (a-kro"me-o-tho-ras'ik). Relating to the acromion and the thorax, noting a branch of the axillary artery. acrom'phalus [G. akron, top, + omphalos, umbili- cus.] Abnormal projection of the umbilicus. acromyotonia (ak"-ro-mi-o-to'ni-ah) [G. akron, ex- tremity, + mys, muscle, -|- tonos, tension.] Myotonia affecting the extremities only, result- ing in spasmodic deformity of the hand or foot. acromyotonus (ak-ro-mi-ot'o-nus). Acromyoto- nia. acronarcot'ic [L. acer(acr-), pungent, acrid.] ±. Both irritant in local effect and narcotic in action upon the nerve centers. 2. A narcotic poison which is locally irritant. acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'sis) [G. akron, extremity.] Any neurosis,, usually vasomotor in nature, mani- festing itself in the extremities. acroparal'ysis [G. akron, extremity.] Paralysis affecting the muscles of one or more of the extremities. acroparesthesia, acroparaesthesia (ak"ro-par-es-the'- zl-ah) [G. akron, extremity.] i. Paresthesia (numbness, tingling, and other abnormal sensa- tions) of one or more of the extremities. 2. [G. akros, extreme.] An extreme degree of paresthesia. ac"ropathol'ogy [G. akron, extremity.] Pathology of the extremities ; a study of the morbid changes in orthopedic affections. acrop'etal [G. akron, the top, -I- L. petere, to seek.] In a direction toward the summit ; basif ugal. acropho'bia [G. akron, top, + phobos, fear] A morbid dread of elevated places. acroposthitis (ak"ro-pos-thi'(the')tis) [G. akro- posthia, prepuce, + -itis.l Inflammation of the prepuce. acroscleroderma (ak"ro-skle"ro-duT'mah) G. akron, extremity, -I- skleros, hard, -t- derma, skin.] Induration of the skin of the fingers or toes, sclerodactyly. acrosome (ak'ro-s5m) [G. akron, tip, + soma, body.] The anterior extremity of the head of the sper- matozoon, or the body from which this is devel- oped. acrosphacelus.(ak"ro-sfas'e-lus) [G. akron, extremity, +sphakelos, gangrene.] Raynaud's* disease. acroter'ic [G. akroterion, the topmost point.] Relating to the extreme periphery, such as the tips of fingers and toes, the end of the nose, etc. acrotic (a.-krot'ik) i. [G. akrotes, height.] Relat- ing to the surface of the body, especially the cutaneous glands. 2. [G. o- priv. + krotos, a striking.] Marked by great weakness or absence of the pulse. ACROTISM i6 AUTiVJi ac'rotism [G. a- priv. + krotos, a striking.] Absence or imperceptibility of the pulse. aciotrophoneurosis (ak"ro-trof"Q-nu-ro'sis) [G. akron, extremity.] A trophoneurgsis of one or more of the extremities. aciyl'ic acid. A volatile acid occurring in Sar- racenia purpurea or the American pitcher-plant. Acts'a. A genus of plants, baneberry, of the order RanunculacecB, having for the most part prop- erties similar to those of cimicifuga. A. al'ba, white cohosh. A. argu'ta, red cohosh of western America. A. racemo'sa, Cimicifuga racemosa. A. ru'bra, red cohosh of eastern America. A. spica'ta, herb Christopher, European baner berry. actin'ic [G. aktis{aktin-), a ray.] Relating to the chemically active rays of the spectrum actinism (ak'tin-izm). The chemical action of rays from a luminous source, residing chiefly though not exclusively in and beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. actinium (ak-tin'K-um) [G. aktis, a ray.] An , element, symbol Ac, discovered by Debierne in pitchblende; its disintegration product (radioactinium) is radioactive, but actinium itself appears to be rayless.. The four known actinium emanations are called respectively actinium A, B, C, and D. a. X, the disin- tegration product of radioactinium. actinochemistry (ak"tin-o-kem'is-tr!(). Chemical processes promoted by the action of rays from a luminous source. i ac'tinoclad'othriz [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, H- klados, branch, + thrix, hair.] Actinomyces bovis. actinocutitis (ak"tin-o-ku-ti'(te')tis)[G. alitis{aktin-), ray, + L. cutis, skin, + G. -itisi] Actinoderma- titis. I actinodennatitis (ak"tin-o-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, + derma, skin, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation of the skin produced by radio- action, as of light, radium, or «-rays. actin'ogram [G. akiis(akiin-), ray, + gramma,, a drawing, picture.] Skiagram; the record made on a photographic plate by the a;-rays or rays proceeding from radium or other radioactive bodies. actin'ograph [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- grapho, I write.] 1. Skiagraph, an apparatus for making actinograms. i. An apparatus for determining the proper exposure of a photographic plate according to the degree of light. actinograph'ic. Relating to actinography. actinog'raphy. Skiagraphy; the making of actino- grams. actinolite (ak-tin'o-lit) . An apparatus used in the application of the actinic rays in dermatology. actinol'ogy [G. aktis (akiin^), ray, + -logia.'] Radi- ology; the science which treats of radiant energy, of the chemical and other actions of rays proceed- ing from luminous bodies, of those from radium and other radioactive substances, and of «-rays, and of the sources of these rays. actinom'etcr [G. aktis(aktin-), ray, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the intensity and, penetrating power of Roentgen and other rays. actinotnycelial (ak"tI-no-mi-se'lI-al). Relating to ■ the mycelium of the ray-fungus, or actinomyces. Actinomy'ces [G. akiisiaktin-), ray, + mykes, fun- gus.] Ray-fungus, so called because it occurs in the form of an aggregation of radiating club- shaped rods; it constitutes a group of the higher bacteria. The genus Nocardia* now includes this and a number of other microorganisms. A. bo'vis, Nocardia bovis, the specific cause of actinomycosis, or lumpy-jaw, in cattle. A. far- cin'ica, Nocardia farcinica, the specific organism of a cattle disease of Guadaloupe, called farcin de boeuf. A. madu'rse, Nocardia madurce, Slrep- tothrix madurce^ the specific cause of the so-called white mycetoma,* or Madura foot. actinomycetic (ak"tm-o-mi-se'tik). Relating to actinomyces or the ray-fungus. ! actinomyco'sis [G. aktis{aktin-), ray, + mykes, fungus.] A disease of cattle and swine, some- times communicated to man, caused by the rayt fungus, Actinomyces (Nocardia). It affects the jaw most commonly, but the fungus may invade the brain, lungs, or gastroenteric tract. It is characterized by the formation of granulomata of sluggish growth, which eventually break down and discharge a viscid pus containing minute yellowish granules; the constitutional symptoms are of a septic character. actinomycot'ic. Relating to actinomycosis, or lumpy-jaw in cattle. actinomy'cotin. A preparation from actinomyces cultures, analogous to tuberculin, employed thera- peutically in actinomycosis. Actinomyxid'ia [G. aktis(akiin^), a ray, + myxa, mucus.] An order of Neosporidia, having a double cellular envelope, three polar capsules, and eight spores. actinoneuritis (ak"tI-no-nu-ri'(re-')tis) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -t- neuron, nerve, -I- -itis.'\ Neu- ritis caused by prolonged and repeated exposure to the «-rays or radium. actinophore (ak-tin'o-for) [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, +. pharos, bearer.] Pterygophore. Actinop'oda [G. aktis, ray, + pous(pod-), foot.] A class of Sarcodina having slender pseudopodia with a central axial filament.. actinoprax'is [G. aktis(akiin-), ray, + praxis, a doing.] The employment of light rays, x-rays, or radium in diagnosis or treatment. actinos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, -I- skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the tissues and deep structures of the body by means of the «-rays ; actinostereoscopy, skiascopy, fluoroscopy, radioscopy, roentgenoscopy. actinosteTeos'copy [G. aktis (aktin-), ray, + stereos, solid, 4- skopeo, I examine.] Actinoscopy. ac"tinotherapeu'tic. Relating to actinotherapeutics. ac"tin6therapeu'tics [G..aktis(aktin-), ray, -f- thera- peud, I cure.] Actinotherapy. ac"tinother'apy [G. aktis (aklin-), ray, -f therapeia, a healing.] Radiotherapy, actinotherapeutics; the treatment of disease by radiant energy, rays from the sun or electric light, those from radium or other radioactive body, or the jc-rays. ; action (ak'shun) [L. actio, from agere, to do.] i. The performance of any of the vital functions, the manner of such performance, or the result of the same. 2. The exertion of any force or power, physical, chemical, or mental, a. patt'ern, see pattern, chem'ical a., see reaction, re'flex a., see reflex. activate (ak'tl-v5t). i. To render active. 2. To make radioactive; specifically, to charge water with radium emanation. activator (ak'ti-va-tor). i. A substance, the pres- ence of which renders another substance, such as. an enzytne, active. 2. Cohnheim's term for the internal secretion of the pancreas. 3. An ap^ paratus for impregnating water with radium emanation. ac'tive. Efficient, producing effect, especially a prompt effect; not passive; bustling, busy. ACTOL, AKTOL 17 ADAMS SPRINGS ac'tol, ak'tol. A trade name for silver lactate,, a white powder soluble in 15 parts of water and cont2uning about 50 per cent, of metallic silver; employed in solutions of i-iooo to 1-200 as an irrigating fluid and as an application to fistulas, ulcers, etc.; its chemical formula is CjHtOjAg + HjO. actual (ak'chu-al) [L. actus, performance.] Real, existent, active, not potential, a. cau'teiy, a cautery, such as the hot iron, which acts through virtue of its heat and not chemically. acufilopressure (ak-u-fi'lo-presh-ur) [L. (icus, needle + filum, thread, + pressura, pressure.] Acu pressiu-e fortified by a ligature passed under the needle, increasing the, compression, of the artery. acu'ity [L. acuere, to sharpen.] Sharpness, clear- ness, distinctness. acu'minate [L. acuminaius, sharpened.] Pointed, tapering to a point, conical. acupressure (ak'u-presh-ur) [L. acus, needle, + pressura, pressure.] A procedure for occluding a wounded artery; a needle is passed in and out of the tissues on either side of the artery, so that its • free central portion presses the vessel against the underlying tissues,, thereby occluding it.. acupuncture (ak'u-punk-chur) [L. acus, needle, + punctura, puncture.] Pimcture made with long fine needles for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes ; stylostixis. a'cus [L. needle.] A needle. acute (i-kut') [L. acutus, sharp.] i. Sharp 2. Clever. 3. Of short and sharp course, not chronic; said of a disease. acutenacultun (ak"u-ten-ak'u-lum) [L. acus, needle, + tenaculum, holder.] Needle-holder. acutorsion (ak-u-tor'shun) [L. acus, needle, + torsio, twisting.} Arrest of hemorrhage from a wounded artery by the passage of a needle through the vessel near the open end, including some of the tissues, and then making a half or a complete turn with the needle, twisting the tissues and the artery, occluding the latter. acyanoblepsia, acyanoblepsy (S-si"an-o-blep'sI-ah, a.-si"an-o-blep's)[) [G. a- priv. + kyanos, some- thing blue, + bUpsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, inability to distinguish the color blue. acy"anop'sia [G. o- priv. + kyanos, something blue, -I- opsis, sight.] Blue-blindness, acyanoblepsia. acyclic (4-si'klik). Not cyclic, noting especially an a. com'pound, open-chain* compound. acyesis (S-si-e'sis) [G. a- priv. + kyesis, pregnancy. I. The non-pregnant condition. 2. Sterility in the woman. acys'tia [G. a- priv. + kystis, bladder.] Congenital absence of the urinary bladder. acystineuria (S-sis-tin-u'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + kystis, bladder, -I- neuron, nerve.] Absence of nervous control of the bladder. Acystospo'rea [G. a- priv. -I- kystis, bladder, + sporos, seed.] A suborder of Hemosporidia in which schizogony occurs in the blood-cells of the vertebrate host, the sexual cycle being completed in the body cavity or digestive tract of a blood- sucking insect or arachnid. Acys"tosporid'ia [G. a- priv. -t- kystis, bladder, + sporos, seed.] A group of intracellular pro- tozoan parasites found chiefly in the red blood- cells; the group includes the malarial organisms and other similar parasites which have a sporog- enous life cycle in the body of an invertebrate host. ad. A Latin preposition denoting to; it, is used in prescription writing to indicate that a suf- ficient quantity of the ingredient i.s to. be taken . to make the entire mixture equal the amount stated. ad- [L. ad, to.] A prefix dehotmg increase, ad- herence, or motion toward, and sometimes with an intensive meaning. -ad [L. ad, to.] A sufiix in anatomical nomenclature - having the significance of the English -ward ; denoting toward or in the direction of the part noted by the main portion of the word. adactylia, adactylism* (S-dak-til'I-ah, i-dak'til-izm) [G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Absence of fingers or toes. adac'tylous. Without fingers or toes. adac'tylus [G. a- priv. + daktylos, finger.] A monster without fingers or toes. adac'tyly [G. a- priv. + daktylos, digit.] Adactylia, congenital absence of fingers or toes. ad'alln. Trade name of bromdiethylacetylcarba- mide, a fine white powder of slightly bitter taste, employed as a sedative and hypnotic in doses of gr. 87-15 (o-S-i-°)- adamantine (ad-S-man'tin) [G. aaamantmos, very " hard.] Exceedingly hard; specifically relating to the enamel of the teeth. adamantinocarcinoma (ad-S-man"ti-no-kar-si- no'mah). An adamantinoma which has as- sumed a malignant character. ad"amantino'nia. A tumor of the lower (sometimes upper) jaw developing from the remains of the enamel organs. adatnan^toblast [G. adamas {adamant-), adamant, diamond, -I- blastos, germ, sprout.] Ameloblast; one of a layer of cells lining the cup of the enamel organ, from which the enamel of the tooth is formed. adamantoblastoma (ad-^-man-to-blas-to'mah) Overgrowth of the adamantoblast. adamanto'ma. Adamantinoma. ' Adamkiewicz's albu'min reac'tion (ah-dahm'kya- vits) [Albert Adamkiewice, Viennese pathologist, *i8so.] Various protein solutions are stained violet by a mixture of .concentrated sulphuric acid, I, and glacial acetic acid, 2; and, when diluted, show an absorption band between green and blue iii the spectrum. A.'s dem'ilunes, crescent-shaped cells beneath the neurilemma of meduUated nerve fibers. Ad'am's ap'ple. Prominentia laryngea. Adams County Mineral Springs, Ohio. Saline-caleic- chalybeate waters. Two springs. Gastric, he- patic, and intestinal disorders. Ad'ams's opera'tion [William Adams, English sur- geon, *i82o.] 1. Subcutaneous palmar aponeu- rotomy for Dupujrtren's disease. A.'s saw, a small, short saw with long handle, used in osteotomy. — -«^ Adams's Saw. Ad'ams's opera'tion [Sir William Adams, English surgeon, 1760-1829.] Excision of a wedge from the margin of the eyelid in order to shorten it in cases of ectropion. Ad'ams Springs, California. Alkaline-calcic-car- bonated waters; cooU Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, chronic Bright's d.sease, portal congestion, chronic dyspepsia, chrbnic uterine inflammation ADAMS'S SOLUTION i8 ADENOCHIROPSALOGY Ad'ams's solu'tion. Ammoniated alcohol, lOo, ether. (65°), no. Ad'ams-Stokes disease'. See Siokes-Adams disease. Adanso'nia [Michel Adanson, French naturalist, 1727-1806.] A genus of trees of the natural order MalvacecB. A. digita'ta, calabash-tree baobab, a tree of Senegal the leaves of which have been used as a febrifuge. adapta'tion [L. adapiare, to adjiist.] 1. The acqiiir ing of modifications fitting a plant or animal to life in a new environment or under new conditions. 2. An advantageous change in function or con- stitution of an organ or tissue to meet new con- ditions. adap'ter. A device whereby one part of an appa- ratus is fitted or joined to another part. ad'de [L.] Add; a word used in prescription writing. addiction (4-dik'shun) [L. addicere, to consent.] Habituation to some practice; specifically the enslavement to a drug-habit. ad'diment [L. additamentum, an increase.] Com- plement. Add'ison's ane'mia [Thomas Addison, English phy- sician, 1793-1860.] Idiopathic pernicious ane- mia. A.'s disease', a disease marked by " anemia, general languor and debility, remarkable feeble- ness of the heart's action, irritability of the stomach, and a peculiar change in the color of the skin, occurring in connection with a diseased condition of the suprarenal cap- sules." A-'s kelis or keloid, morphea. A.'s pill, Guy's pill. Add'ison's clin'ical planes [Christopher Addison, English anatomist, *i869.] A series of planes used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topog- raphy; the trunk is divided vertically by a median line, from the upper border of the manubrium stemi to the symphysis pubis, by a lateral line drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median line, in a line drawn transversely across between the two anterior iliac spines, and by a spinous line passing vertically through the anterior superior iliac spine on either side; transversely the trunk is divided by a trans- thoracic line, passing across the thorax 3.2 cm. above the lower border of the corpus stemi, a transpyloric line, corresponding to the disc between the ist and 2d lumbar vertebras and cutting the junction of the 8th and 9th costal cartilages at the tip of the 9th, and a transtubercu- lar line, passing on an average 5 cm. above the anterior superior iliac spine and 3.5 cm. below the highest part of the crista iliaca and cutting usually the 5th lumbar vertebra; the planes formed on these lines, and also on transverse lines cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the upper edge of the symphysis pubis, constitute the clinical planes of Addison. Add'ison Mineral Springs, Maine. Light alkaline- chalybeate waters; very cold. Used in certain renal diseases and acid dyspepsia. Add'ison Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Muriated- saline-calcic-sulphureted waters, 57° P.; two springs. Used in disorders of the alimentary tract and liver, and chronic constipation. Addisonism (ad'1-sun-izm). A symptom-complex resembling in many respects that of Addison's disease, but not due to disease of the suprarenal glands. addi'tlon-com'pound, addi'tion-prod'uct. In chemis- try, the direct union of two or more elements or compounds without substitution or loss of any of the atoms. addu'cens oc'uU [L. adducere, to bring to.] Mus- culus rectus medialis [BNA]. addu'cent. Bringing to, adducting; noting certain adductor muscles, as the adducens oculi. adduct' [L. adducere, to bring toward.] To draw toward the median line. adduc'tion. i. Movement of a limb toward the central axis of the body, or beyond it. 2. A position resulting from such movement, a. of the foot, rotation of the foot inward around the axis of the leg, or around its own axis. adduc'tor. A muscle drawing a part toward the median line. Adelheidsquelle, Bavaria (ah'del-hids-kvel"eh). Sa- line waters, tonic; cold. Used in rheumatism, gout, cutaneous affections, surgical tuberculosis, and diseases of women. May to September. adelomorphous (ad"el-o-mor'fus) [G. adelos, uncer- tain, not clear, -I- morphe, shape.] Of not clearly defined form, noting the principal cells in the pepsin glands of the stomach. adelphotaxis (5-del'fo-tak"sis) [G. adelphos, brother, -f taxis, arrangement.] A grouping together of cells or organisms in mutual relationship. adenalgia (ad-en-al'ji-ah) [G. aden, gland, + algos, pain.] Pain in a gland, adenodynia. adenase (ad'e-naz) [G. aden, gland, + -ose.] A deamidizing enzyme in the liver, pancreas, and spleen which converts adenin into hypoxanthin. ad"enasthe'nia [G. aden, gland, -f- astheneia, weak- ness.] Abnormally diminished functional activ- ity of a gland. adendrit'ic [G. a- priv.] Without dendrites, noting certain nerve cells in the spinal ganglia. adenec'tomy [G. aden, gland, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a gland. ad"enecto'pia [G. aden, gland, -t- ek, out of, -1- iopos, place.] The presence of a gland elsewhere than in its normal place. ad"enemphTax'is [G. aden, gland, + emphraxis, stop- page.] Obstruction to the discharge of a glandu- lar secretion. ade'nia [G. aden, gland.] Generalized hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands without hyperleucocytosis. ad'eniform [G. aden, gland, -t- L. forma, shape] Of glandular appearance, adenoid. adenine (ad' en-en) [G. aden, gland.] Aniinopurin; a crystalline alkaloid or leucomaine of the uric acid group, CsHjNj, present in the pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and other glands; it is found in the urine in leucocythemia. adenitis (ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. aden, gland, + -itis.] Inflammation of a gland. adeniza'tion. Conversion into gland-like structure. adeno- [G. aden, gland.] A prefix denoting rela- tion to a gland. ad'enoblast [G. aden, gland, -t- blasios, germ.] An embryonic cell destined to enter into the for- mation of a gland. adenocarcino'ma. An adenoma exhibiting the characters of malignancy, such as infiltration of the surrounding tissues, recurrence after removal, and metastases. adenocele (ad'e-no-sel) [G. aden, gland, + ke'e, tumor.] A tumor, especially a cystic tumor, springing from a gland, and presenting more or less glandular structure. adenocellulitis (ad"fe no-sel-u-li'(le')tis). Inflam- mation of a gland and of the adjacent cellular tissue. adenochiropsalogy (ad-e-no-ki-rop-sal'o-jl) [G. aden, gland, + cheir, hand, -t- psallo, I touch, -I- -logiaj] The former doctrine of the value of the royal touch"** for the cure of scrofiila. ADENOCHONDROMA 19 ADHESION adenochondroma (ad"e-no-kon-(iro'mah). A tumor with the characteristics of both adenoma and chondroma. adenochondrosarcoma (ad"e-no-kon"dro-sar-ko'ma) . A mixed tumor with elements of adenoma, chondroma, and sarcoma. adenocyst (ad'e-no-sist). A cystic tumor develop- ing from a gland; adenocystoma. ad''enocysto'nia. A cystic adenoma. adenodynia (ad"e-no-din1-ah) [G. aden, gland, + odyne, pain.] Adenalgia, pain in a gland. ad"enofibro'ma. A fibrous glandular tumor, a ttimor with the characteristics of adenoma and fibroma. ad"enograph'ic. Relating to adenography. adenography (ad"e-nog'ra-fI) [G. aden, gland, + grapho, I write, draw. ] i . Anatomy in special relation to the glands. 2. A treatise on the glands. adenohypeisthenia (ad"e-no-hi"pers-the'nI-ah) [G. aden, gland, + hyper, in excess, + sthenos, strength.] Excessive functional activity of a gland or set of glands. adenoid (ad'e-noyd) [G. aden, gland, + eidos, ap- pearance.] I. Gland-like, adeniform, lymphoid; noting a form of connective tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, solitary and aggre- gated nodules of the intestine, red bone-marrow, and elsewhere; it consists of a connective- tissue framework, or reticulum, containing masses of round cells (lymphocytes) in its interstices. 2. In the plural, hypertrophy of the lymphoid nodules in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, the pharyngeal or Luschka's tonsil, a. disease', (i) an overgrowth of adenoid tissue in the rhino- pharynx; (2) Hodgkin's* disease. ad"enoidec'tomy [adenoids + G. ektome, excision.] An operation for the removal of adenoid growths in the rhinopharynx. adenoiditis (ad"e-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of adenoid growths in the rhinopharynx. ad'enoids. See adenoid (2). adenoliomyofibroma(ad"e-no-li"o-mi"o-fi-bro'mah). A liomyofibroma containing glandular elements. ad"enolipo'ma. A mixed tumor with character- istics of adenoma and lipoma. adenol'ogy [G. aden, gland, -t- -logia.J The science which treats of the glands, their development, structure, functions, and diseases. adenolymphitis (ad-e-no-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymph- adenitis. adenolymphocele (ad"e-no-lim'fo-sel) [G. aden, gland, -I- L. lympha, a clear fluid, lymph, -I- G. kele, tumor.] Cystic dilatation of a lymph node follow- ing obstruction of the efferent lymphatic vessels. ad"enolynipho'ma. Lymphadenoma. adeno'ma, pi. adeno'mata, adeno^-mas [G. aden, gland, -I- -oma.] A neoplasm formed of glandular epithelium of the same arrangement as that of the gland from which the growth arises, a. adamanti'num, a term incorrectly used as a syn- onym of adamantinoma, a. fibro'sum, fibroid a., fibroadenoma, a. seba'ceum, a small tumor of translucent appearance, usually multiple and occurring on the face, originating in the sebaceous glands, a. sudorip'arum, spiradenoma. malig'- nanta., adenocarcinoma. adenomalacia (ad"«-no-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. aden, gland, H- malakia, softness.] A condition of glandular softening. adenomatome (i-de-no'mah-tom) [adenoma + tome, incision.] An instrument for removing adenoids. adenomato'sis. A condition marked by the forma- tion of multiple glandular overgrowths. adeno'matous. Relating to adenoma. adenomycosis (§,"de-no-mi-ko'sis) (G. aden, gland, + mykes, fungus, + -osis.\ A name applied to Hodgkin's disease on the theory that it is of mycotic nature. adenomyoma, pi. adenomyo'mata, adenomyo'mas (ad"e-no-mi-o'mah) [G. aden, gland, 4- mys, muscle, -I- -oma.] A timior composed of smooth muscle tissue containing gland tubules. ad"enomyzo'ina. A mixed tumor with character- istics of adenoma and myxoma. ad"enomyx"osarco'ma. A mixed tumor with char- acteristics of adenoma, myxoma, and sarcoma. adenon'cus [G. aden, gland, + onkos, tumor.] A gland tumor; glandular enlargement. adenop'athy [G. aden, gland, -1- pathos, suffering] Glandular disease; specifically swelling of and morbid changes in the lymph nodes. adenopbaryngitis (ad"e-no-far-in-ji'(je')tis). Pharyn- goamygdalitis ; inflammation of the tonsils and of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. ad"enophleg'mon [G. aden, gland, -I- phlegmone, inflammation.] Acute inflammation of a gland and the adjacent connective tissue. ad"enophthal'mia [G. aden, gland, -1- ophthalmos, eye.] Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. ad"enosarco'ma. A mixed tumor with the elements of both adenoma and sarcoma. adenosclerosis (ad"e-no-skle-ro'sis) [G. aden, gland, + sclerosis, hardening.] Induration of a gland or glands. adenose (ad'e-n5z). Relating to a gland. adeno'sis [G. aden, gland.] A more or less general- ized glandular disease, especially one involving the lymphatic glands. ad'enotome [G. aden, gland, + tome, a cutting down.] An instrument for the removal of adenoids in the rhinopharjTix. adenot'omy. i. Adenography, glandular anatomy. 2. The cutting or removal of a gland or glands. ad"enoty'phoid fe'ver. Malta* fever. ad"enoty'phus. Abdominal typhus, typhoid* fever. ad'enous. Adenose, relating to a gland. adenyl'ic acid [G. aden, gland, + hyle, stuff.] An acid obtained from the thymus gland. adephagia (ad-e-fa'ji-ah) [G. adephagia, gluttony.] Bulimia. ad'eps, gen. ad'ipis [L.] (U.S.). Lard, aximgia porcis ; purified leaf lard (omental fat of the hog, Sus scrofa), used in the preparation of ointments a. benzoa'tus (Br.), a. benzoina'tus (U.S.), benzoinated lard, contains i per cent, of benzoin; used as a base for ointments a. la'nze, wool-fat, the purified fat from sheep's wool. a. Wnse hydro'sus (U.S. and Br.), hydrous or hydrated wool-fat, lanolin, a. lanae mixed with 30 per cent, water; used as a basis for ointments, especially when penetration of the skin is desired. ader'mia [G. o- priv. -1- derma, skin.] Absence of skin. ader"mogen'eBis [G. a- priv. + derma, skin, -|- genesis, production.] Failure or imperfection in the growth of skin, especially the imperfect repair of a cutaneous defect. adhat'oda [Tamil or Singalese.] (B.A.) The leaves of Adhatoda vasica; expectorant, antispasmodic, and abortif acient ; used in the form of liquid ex- tract, juice, or tincture. adhere (ad-her*) [L. ad, to, + hmrere, to stick.] To remain in contact; to unite. adhesion (ad-he'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- harere, to stick.] I. The process of adhering or iiniting of two sur- faces or parts, especially the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound, a. In dentistry, the mode ADHESION ADMINICULUM in which an upper denture is held in place without vacuum-chambers. 3. In the plural, bands of more or less organized fibrinous exudate thrown out on the surface of a serous membrane and connecting the opposing surfaces, pri'maiy a., healing by first intention.* sec'ondary a., healing by second intention.* adhe'siye. Sticky; causing adhesion, a. inflam- ma'tion, inflammation of a serous membrane with exudation of fibrinous material causing the for- mation of adhesions. adhe'sol. A solution of alphanaphthol, balsam of tolu, benzoin, copal, and oil of thyme in ether; applied to the skin, the ether evaporates and leaves a, thin protective film, like that of collo- dion. adiadochocinesia (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'si-ah) [G. adia- dochos, perpetual, -1- kinesis, movement.] i. In- cessant movement of a limb or of the entire body. 2. [G. a- priv. + diadochos, successive.] Loss of the power for rapid alternating movements. adiadochocinesis (ad-e-ad"o-ko-sin-e'sis). Adia- dochocinesia. adiadochokinesia(ad-e-ad"o-ko-kin-e'si-ah) . Adia- dochocinesia. adiaphore'sis [G. a- priv. + diaphoresis, perspira- tion.] Absence or deficiency of perspiration. adiapneustia (ad-i ap-nu'stl-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- diapneusis, an exhaling.] Adiaphoresis. adiathennancy (S'di-a-thur'man-sl) [G. a- priv. -1- dia, through, + iherme, heat.] Impermeability to heat. adiathetic (ad"i-5-thet'ik) [G. o- priv. + diathesis.] Noting a S3rmptom or disease which bears no relation to an existing diathesis. adiemorrhysis (ad'i-em-or'i-sis) [G. o- priv. + dia, through, + kaitna, blood, + rhysis, a flowing.] Arrest of the capillary circulation. Adin'ida [G o- priv. + dine, a whirling.] An order of Dinoflagellala, in which the flagella are free and do not lie in furrows. adlp'ic [L. adepsiadif-), fat.] Fatty, relating to fat. a. acid, an acid, C,H,|,0„ occurring in the form of masses of soft crystals, obtained by the action of nitric acid on fats. adipocele (ad'I-po-sel) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- G. kele, tumor.] The presence of fatty tissue with- out intestine in a hernial sac. adipoceU'ular. Relating to^ both fatty and cellular tissues, or to connective tissue with much fat. adipocere (ad'I-po-ser) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -I- cera, wax.] A fatty substance of waxy con- sistency into which dead animal tissues (as those of a corpse) are sometimes converted when kept from the air under certain favoring conditions of temperature; it is believed to be produced by the conversion into fat of the proteins of the tissues. ad"ipofibro'ma. A mixed tumor with the char- acteristics of both adipoma and fibroma. adipogenous (ad-e-poj'en-us) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, + G. gennad, 1 produce.] Producing or causing the fonnation of fat. adipolysis (ad-I-pol'i-sis) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -|- lysis, setting free.] The destruction of fat by hydrolysis. adipolyt'ic. Relating to adipolysis. adipo'ma[L. adeps(adip-),ia.t, + G. -omo.] Lipoma. adipose (ad'I-poz) [L. adeps(adip-), fat.] Fatty, relating to fat. a. cap'sule, the fat surrounding the kidney, a. foss'se, accumulations of fat on the outer surface of the mamma, a. tiss'ue, fatty tissue, connective tissue containing fat cells. a. tu'mor, lipoma. adiposis (ad-i-po'sis) [L. adeps(adip-), fat, -f- G. -osis.] An excessive accumulation, either local or general, of fat in the body. a. doloro'sa, Dercum's disease, an affection characterized by a deposit of symmetrical nodular or pendulous masses of fat in various regions of the body, attended with more or less pain. a. or'chica, dystrophia adiposogenitalis. a. tubero'sa sim'- jlex, Anders' disease, an affection resembling a. dolorosa, in which the fat occurs in small; more or less circumscribed masses on the ab- domen or confined to the extremities; these masses are sensitive to the touch and may be spontaneously painful. adipositas (ad-1-pos'I-tas). Adiposis, adiposity. a. ex vac'uo, fatty atrophy.* adipositis (ad-i-po-si'(se')tis) [L. adiposa, adipose tissue, -f- G. -itis.] Inflammatory infiltration in and beneath the subcutaneous adipose tissue. adipos'ity. Adiposis. adipo"sogen'>tal syn'drome. Hypophysis* syndrome. adiposu'ria (L. adeps{adip-), fat, + G. ouron, urine.] Lipuria. adip'sia, ad'ipsy [G. a- priv. + dipsa, thirst.] Absence of thirst. Adiron'dack Min'eral Springs, New York- Saline- chalybeate waters; one spring; used in rheuma- tism, cutaneous affections, anemia, and general debility. ad'itus [L. way.] In anatomy, a structure serving as a means of approach or entrance to a part. a. ad an'trum, approach to the antrum, recessus epitympanicus. u. ad an'trum tympan'icum, recessus epitympanicus. a. ad aquseduc'tum cer'ebri, entrance to the aqueduct of. the cere- brum (of Sylvius), in the posterior part of the floor of the third ventricle, a. ad infundib'uluin, recessus infundibuli. a. glot'tidis infe'rior, the part of the larynx immediately below the glottis, a. glot'tidis supe'rior, the lower portion of the ventricle of the larynx, a. larjrn'gis, the superior aperture of the larynx, bounded later- ally by the aryepiglottic folds, a. or'bitse, orbital opening. adjusfment. i. The arrangement for bringing into focus the object under a microscope; the coarse a. is effected usually by a rack-and-pinion arrangement, the fine a. by a screw. 2. A chiro- practic term for the reduction of subluxated verte- bras in order to relieve pressure on one or more of the spinal nerves. ad'juvant [L. adjuvare, to help.] That which aids or assists another, noting a remedy which is added to a prescription to assist or increase the action of the main ingredient; synergist. Ad'ler's test. For blood; add the washings of the suspected spot to a, mixture of equal parts of three per cent, hydrogen dioxide and a saturated solution of benzidin in alcohol; if blood is present the mixture takes on a blue or green color. ad lib. [Abbreviation for L. ad libitum, at pleasure.] As much as desired; used in directions for taking a remedy when the dose and time of taking are indefinite and unessential. admax'illary [L. ad, to, 4- maxilla, jaw.] Con- nected with the jaw. a. gland, an occasional accessory salivary gland, near the angle of the jaw, discharging through the parotid duct. adminic'ulum [L. prop, stay.] i. That which gives support to a part. 2. Adjuvant, a. Iki'ec^ al'bse, a triangular fibrous expansion, sometimes containing a few muscular fibers, passing from the superior pubic ligament to the posterior surface of the linea alba. ADNATA AEDES adna'ta [L. adnatus, from adnasci, to grow to.] Tunica* adnata. adneph'rin [L. ad, to, + G. ' nephros, kidney.] , Trade name of a preparation made from the • adrenal gland, possessing vasoconstrictor and hemostatic properties. adnerval (ad-nur'val) [L. ad, to, + nervus, nerve.] 1. l.yia.gnea.T a nerve. 2. In the direction of a ■ nerve, said of an electric current passing through muscular tissue toward the point of entrance of the nerve, adneural (ad-nu'ral) [L. ad, to, + G. neuron, nerve.] Adnerval. adnex'a. Annexa. adnez'al. Annexal. adnexitis (ad-neks-i'(e')tis). Annexitis. adnex'opexy. Annexopexy. adolescence (ad-o-les'ens) [L. adolescentia.] Youth; the period of later growth, between puberty and adult life. adoles'cent [L. adolescere, to grow up.] i. Youth- ful, growing up, between puberty and the attain- ment of fxil\ growth. 2. A youth, a. yoimg man or woman not yet full grown. ad'onin, adon'idin. A yellowish white powder of bitter taste, soluble in water; it is a mixture .' of several glucosides and other substanpes, constituting the active principles of adonis ; dose, ■ gr. tVt (o- 006-0. 015). Ado'nis. A genus of plants of the natural order Ranunculacece. A. eestiva'lis, an annual ' species with orange flowers. A. an'nua, red ■ chamomile, red morocco, an annual species with red flowers. A. verna'Us, a perennial species with bright yellow flowers, the one from which the drug adonis is chiefly obtained. ado'nis [G. Adonis, a mythological character, the handsome favorite of Aphrodite.] (N.F.) The herb Adonis vernalis, bird's eye, pheasant's eye; employed as a cardiac tonic in place of digitalis, in doses of 5i (16.0) of an infusion, ^1-2 (4.0-8.0) in 56(i8o.o). The fluidextract is contained in the N.F. adoral (ad-o'ral) [L. ad, to, + os (or-), mouth.] Near or directed toward the mouth. adre'nal [L. ad, to, + ren, kidney.] i. Near or upon the kidney, noting the a. body or gland. 2. A crystalline basic substance, CuHkNOj, derived from the suprarenal glands; vasocon- : strictor and hemostatic in doses of njis-io (0.3- ■ U.6) of a i-iooo solution, acces'soiy a., one of a number of small independent collections of tissue, resembling the cortical adrenal tissue, found in the various abdominal organs, a. ' bod'y, cap'sule, or gland, glandula suprarenalis. a. ex'tract, a preparation made from the a. gland, ■■ which possesses marked vasoconstrictor and hemostatic properties; it is prepared and sold • under various proprietary or trade names, such • as adnephrin, adrenalin, supranepkrin, supra- ■ renaden, suprarenalin, suprarenin, etc.; see also ' glandulez suprarenales siccce. adrenalectomy (ad-re-nal-ek'to-mi) [G. ektome, ' excision. ] Removal of an adrenal body. adrenalin (ad-ren'al-in). Trade name of a principle . obtained from the suprarenal glands, possessing [. marked vasoconstrictor, and consequently astrin- gent and hemostatic properties, a., chlo'ride, the salt of a. used locally in hay fever, inflamma- ' tions of the various accessible mucous membranes, . hemorrhage, etc., and internally in doses of 155- . 20 (0.3-1.3) of a I— 1000 solution as a vasocon- l ■. strictor, to raise the blood pressure in shock, and .' as a cardiac stimulant. > adrenaline (ad-ren'al-en). . A collective term for the various adrenal extracts; epinephrine. adrenalitis, adrenitis (ad-re"nal-i'(e')tis; ad-re-ni'- (ne')tis). Inflammation of the suprarenal glands. adrenotrope (ad-ren'o-trop). One who has the adrenal type of endocrine constitution. adrenotropic (ad-ren-o-trop'ik). Relating in any way to adrenotropism. adrenotropism (ad-ren-ot'ro-pizm) [adrenal, body + G. trope, a turning.] A type of endocrine constitution in which the adrenals exercise a dominating influence. adrenoxidase (ad-ren-oks'i-daz). A term proposed by Sajous to denote the oxygenized adrenal secre- tion assumed to be present in the blood-plasma ■ and to act throughout the body as a catalytic ferment ad'rin. Epinephrin hydrate, derived from the suprarenal glands ; employed locally as an astrin- gent and hemostatic. ad'rue. Antiemetic root, cyperus; the root of Cyperus articulatus, a West Indian plant; the fluidextract is employed in doses of .iTRio— 20 (o . 6-1 . 3) as an anthelmintic and antiemetic. adsorp'tion [L. ad, to, + sorbere, to suck up.] The adhesion of a gas to the surface of a solid ; adhesion of a liquid or gaseous substance to the more solid particles in a solution, the action by which a col- loid particle attracts other substances. adster'nal. Near or upon the sternum ADTe. AnDTe. adterminal (ad-tur'mit-nal). In a direction toward the nerve endings, muscular insertions, or the extremity of any structure. adul'terate [L adulterare, to falsify.] To deteriorate by adding material of inferior quality, or indiffer- ent material which increases the biilk without altering, otherwise than weakening, the act-'on. adultera'tion. The addition to any substance of the same or different material of poorer quality. advance' [Fr. avancer, to set forward.] To move forward, referring specifically to an operation on the tendinous insertion of a muscle which has become elongated and unable to perform its function properly; the tendon is severed from its attachment (to the globe of the eye for example) and sutured at a point farther forward. advance'ment. The moving forward of the ten- dinous insertion of an elongated muscle; see tendon* advancement. adventitia (ad-ven-tish'yah) [L. adventitius, coming from abroad.] The outermost covering of any organ or structure which is properly derived from without and does not form an integral part of such organ or structure. Specifically, the outer coat of an artery, the tunica adventitia. xnem- bra'na a., tu'nica a., see the nouns. adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us). i. Coming from without, extrinsic. 2. Accidental. 3. Relating to the adventitia of an artery or an organ. adynam'ia [G. a- priv. + dynamis power.] "Weak- ness, vital debility, asthenia. adynam'ic. Relating to adynamia; feeble, weak, asthenic. ae-. For words so beginning not found here, see under e-. Aeby's plane (a'be) [Christoph Theodor Aeby, Swiss anatomist, 1835-1855.] In craniometry, a plane perpendicular to the median plane of the ■ cranium, cutting the nasion and the basion. Aedes (ah-e'dez) [G. aides, unpleasant, unfriendly.] A genus of mosquitos of small size found in tropical and subtropical regions. A. cal'^pus, the yellow-fever mosquito, formerly called Stegorriyia AEDES AEROTONOMETER calopus or 5. fasciata. A. fus'cus, a species found in certain parts of North America. mice's.. Edea. tedoBol'ogy. Edeology. Ee'gilops. Egilops. aegoph'ony. Egophony. squator (e-kwa'tor) [L.] Equator, ee. bul'bi oc'uli [BNA], equator of the eyeball, an imagi- nary line encircling the globe of the eye equidis- tant from the two poles, ae. len'tis [BNA], equator of the crystalline lens, the periphery of the lens lying between the two layers of the zonula ciliaris. aer (ah'air) [G. aer, air.] Atmos. aerated (a'er-a-ted) [G. aer, air.] Charged with air, carbon dioxide, or other gas. aeration (a-er-a'shun). i. Airing, j. Saturating a fluid with air, carbon dioxide, or other gas. 3. The change of venous into arterial blood in the lungs. aerendocardia (a-er-en-do-kar'dl-ah). The presence of undissolved air in the blood within the heart. aerenterectasia (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. aer, air, + enteron, intestine, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] Meteorism, tympanites, distention of the intestine with gas. aerial (a-e're-al). Relating to the air. aeriferous (a-er-if'er-us) [L. aer, air, + ferre, to bear.] Conducting air. aeriform (a-erl-form) [L. aer, air, + forma, shape.] Resembling air, gaseous. aerobian (a-er-o'bi-an). Noting an aerobion, living only in the presence of oxygen aerobic, aerobiotic. aerobic (a-er-o'bik). Living in air; aerobian, aerobiotic. aerobion, pi. aerobia (a-er-o'be-on) [G. aer, air, 4- bios, manner of living.] A bacterium or other organism which can live and grow only in air. fac'ultative a., one which normally thrives in the absence of oxygen, but which may acquire the faculty of living in the presence of oxygen, ob'- ligate a., one which cannot live without air. aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'o-skop) [G. aer, air, + bios, life, + shaped, I view.] An apparatus for deter- mining the bacterial content of the air. aerobiosis (a-er-o-bi-o'sis) [G. aer, air, -1- biosis, mode of living.] Existence in an atmosphere containing oxygen. aerobiotic (a-er-o-bi-ot'ik) . Relating to aerobiosis, living in an oxygen-containing atmosphere; aer- obic, aerobian. aerocele (a'er-o-sel) [G. aer, air, -I- kele. tumor.] Distention of a small natural cavity with gas. aerocolpos (a-er-o-kol'pos) [G. aer, air, -I- kolpos, gulf (vagina).] Distention of the vagina with air. aerocoly (a-e-rok'o-li) [G. aer, air, -I- colon.] Dis- tention of the colon with gas. aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sis'to-skop) [G. aer, air, -I- kystis, bladder, -I- skopeo, I view.] An instru- ment for viewing the interior of the bladder distended with air. aerocystoscopy (a-er-o-sis-tos'ko-pl). Inspection of the interior of the bladder, distended with air, by means of a cystoscope. aerodennectasla (a-er-o-der-mek-ta'zK-ah) [G. aer, air, + derma, skin, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] Subcutaneous emphysema. aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam'iks) [G. aer, air, + dynamis, force.] The study of air and other gases in motion the forces that set them in motion, and the results of such motion. aerogen (a'er-o-jen) [G. aer, air, +gennad, I produce.] A gas-forming microorganism. aerogen'esis. The production of gas. aerogenic (a-er-o-gen'ik). Gas-forming. aerogenous (a-er-oj'en-us). Gas-forming. aerohydropathy (a-er-o-hi-drop'ath-I) [G. aer, air, + hydor, water, -1- pathos, suffering.] Aerohydro- therapy. aerohydrotherapy (a-er-o-hi-dro-ther'ah-pi) [G. aer, air, -I- hydor, water, -I- therapeia, healing.] Treat- ment of disease by means of the application, at different temperatures and in. different ways, of both air and water. aerometer (a-er-om'e-ter) [G. aSr, air, -t- metron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the density of, or for weighing, air. aeromicrobe (a-er-o-mi'krob) [G. aer, air, -I- mikros, small, -I- bios, mode of life.] Aerobion. aeropathy (a-e-rop'S-thi) [G. aer, air, + pathos, suf- fering.] Any morbid state induced by a pro- nounced change in the atmospheric pressure, such as mountain sickness, caisson disease, etc. aeroperitoneum (a-er-o-per-i-to-ne'um) [G. aer, air.] Distention of the peritoneal cavity with gas. aeroperito'nia. Aeroperitoneum. aerophagia (a-er-o-fa'ji-ah). Aerophagy. aerophagy (a-er-of'a-j!) [G. aer, air, + phago, I eat.] Swallowing of air. aerpphil (a'er-o-fil) [G. aer, air, + philos, fond.] i. Air-loving. 2. Aerobic. aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'be-ah) [G. aSr, air, -I- phobos, fear.] Abnormal and extreme dread of fresh air or of air in motion. aerophore (a'er-o-for) [G. aer, air, + phoros, bear- ing.] 1. Air-conducting. 2. A portable appara- tus for purifying air so that it can be breathed over again. 3. An apparatus for forcing air into the lungs in the treatment of asphyxia. aerophyte (a'er-o-fit) [G. aer, air, -I- phyton, plant.] An air-plant, orchid. aeroplethysmograph (a"er-o-plS-thiz'mo-graf) [G. aer, air, -t- pleihysmos, enlargement, -f- grapho, I register.] An apparatus for determining the volume of inspired air. aeropleura (a^er-o-plu'ra). The presence of air in the pleural cavity; pneumothorax. aeroporotomy (a"er-o-po-rot'o-in!) [G. aer, air, -I- poros, passage, + tome, a cutting.] An opera- tion for the admission of air in stenosis of the larynx; tracheotomy, laryngotomy. a'eroscope. Aerobioscope. aerostatics (a"er-o-stat'iks) [G. aer, air, + states, standing.] The branch of science which treats of the volume, pressure, etc., of air and other aerotaxis (a"er-o-tak'sis) [G. aer, air, + taxis, arrangement.] The movement of living organ- isms to or away from the air, noting especially the attraction or repulsion by oxygen of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. aerotherapeutics, aerotherapy (a"er-o-ther-ah-pu'- tiks, a"er-o-ther'ah-pI) [G. aer, air, -I- therapeuti- kos, treating — therapeia, medical treatment.] I Treatment of disease by fresh air. i. Treat- ment of disease by air of different degrees of pressure or rarity, or medicated in various ways. aerothermotherapy (a"er-o-ther"mo-ther'a-pI) [G. aer, air, 4- thermos, hot, + therapeia, healing.] Treatment of disease by hot air. aerothorax (a"er-o-tho'raks). Pneumothorax. aerotonom'eter [G. aer, air, -I- tonos, tension, + metron, measure.] 1. An instrument for esti- mating the tension or pressure of a gas. 3. An instrument for measuring the tension of oxygen and other gases in the blood or other fluids. AEROTROPISM 23 AFTER-IMAGE aerotropism (a-e-rot'ro-pizm) [G. aer, air, + tropos, direction, turn.] The tendency of microorgan- isms in culture media to group themselves about a bubble o£ air. aerotympanal (a"er-o-tim'pa-nal). Relating to air in the tympanum, noting especially the operation of politzerization or other means of forcing air through the Eustachian tube. aerourethroscope (a'er-o-u-re'thro-skop) [G. aer, air, -I- ourethra, urethra, + skoped, I view.] An instrument for inspection of the urethra after distending it with air. aerozol (a'er-o-zol). A solution of ozone in oil. aerteriversion (ah-er"ter-i-vur'shun). Arteriver- sion. seru'go [L.] Verdigris. Aesculap, Hungary (a'skoo-lahp). Saline waters. Used in hepatic and intestinal disorders, and constipation. jEscula'pian [L. jEsculapius, G. Asklepios, the god of - medicine.] Esculapian. i. Relating to ^scuIei- pius. 2. Medical. 3. A medical practitioner. ses'culin. A bitter principle obtained from the bark' of the horse chestnut; occurs in needle- shaped crystals, giving a blue fluorescence when dissolved in water. .ffisculus (es'ku-lus) [L. the winter oak.] A genus of trees to which belongs the horsechestnut or buckeye, ^. hippocastanum, sesthe'sia, sesthesiom'eter, sesthesioneuro'sis, etc. I See esthesia, etc. s'ther [G. aither, ether.] (U.S. and Br.). Ether, a liquid containing 96 per cent, by weight of absolute ether (Br., 92 per cent, by volume of ethyl oxide). Employed by inhalation to pro- duce general anesthesia; internally as a stimulant and carminative in doses of TtRio-60 (0.6-4.0). See also ether, ee. ace'ticus (N.F. and Br.), ace- tic ether, containing ethyl acetate 90, alcohol 10; stimulant and antispasmodic, dose nES-30 (0.3-2.0). ae. purifica'tus (Br.), purified ether; the B.P. directs that it should assume no blue color when mixed with half its volume of potas- sium bichromate acidulated with sulphuric acid, showing absence of hydrogen peroxide ; nor should it be colored by potassiiun hydroxide, showing absence of aldehyde; on evaporation it should leave no residue or abnormal odor. jB'thiops [G. Aithiops, an Ethiopian.] A chemical or pharmaceutical term formerly applied to several blackish mineral preparations, ae. creta'- ceus [chalky ethiops], hydrargyrum cum creta. ae. martia'Us, black oxide of iron. s. mineralis, black sulphide of mercury, ee. vegetatilis, char- coal made from bladder-wrack, Fucus vesiculosus. aeth'yl, gen. ath'ylis [G. aither, ether, + hyle, matter.] Ethyl, the hypothetical radical, CjHj, of alcohol and ether, seth'ylis bro'midum, ethyl bromide, hydrobromic ether; a colorless volatile liquid, used by inhalation as a general anesthetic and in spray as a local anesthetic, asth'ylis car'bomas (U.S.), ethyl carbamate, an ester of carbamic acid, urethane, white colorless laminar crystals, obtained by the action of ethyl alcohol on urea; employed as an hypnotic in dose of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). aeth'ylis chlo'ridum (U.S.), ethyl chloride, hydrochloric ether, chloryl anesthetic, kelene ; a very volatile liquid made by the action of hydrochloric acid on ethyl alcohol; used as a, local and general anesthetic, seth'ylis iod'idum, ethyl iodide, hydriodic ether, a volatile colorless liquid ; employed by inhalation — iffiio-i 5 (0.6-1.0), in edema of the glottis, spasmodic asthma, and nervous dyspnea. sethylmorphinse hydrochloTidum (eth'il-mor-fe'na he-dro-klo'ri-dum) . (U.S.) Ethylmorphine hy- drochloride or chloride, dionine; a yellowish white, bitterish powder, soluble in 8 parts of water, prepared by the action of ethyl iodide on morphine, with the addition of hydrochloric acid; antispasmodic and analgesic, employed in spasmodic respiratory diseases, insomnia, and neuralgia in doses of gr. i-| (0.015-0.03), and locally as an irritant lymphagogue in painful ocular diseases (iritis, corneal ulcer, etc.) in S per cent, solution. aethyl'ium. ^thyl. Aetna Springs, California. Alkaline, saline, car- bonated waters, 98° P. and 106° F. Tonic, slightly aperient. The cooler water is used for drinking, the warmer for bathing, in rheumatism, neuralgia, dyspepsia, torpidity of bowels, anemia and wasting aifections, hepatic and uterine disorders. afeb'rile [G. a- priv. H- L. febris, fever.] Non- febrile, apyretic. afetal (3.-fe'tal). Without relation to a. fetus or intrauterine life. affect (af'ekt) [L. affectus, disposition or state of mind.] Feeling (2); psychic trauma; the sum of an emotion, a.-mem'ory, the memory of a psychic trauma, the emotional element recurring whenever the original experience is recalled, a. spasms, spasmodic attacks of laughing, weeping; and screaming, accompanied by marked tachy- pnea, occurring in hysteria. afiection (S-fek'shun) [L. afficere, to act upon.] I. Feeling, love. 2. An abnormal condition of body or mind, disease. affec'tive. Pertaining to the mental state or feel- ing. Afienspalte (ah'fen-spahl"teh) [Ger.] Ape-fissure. afferent [L. ad, to, + ferre, to bear.] Bringing to or into, noting certain veins, lymphatics, and nerves, a. ar'teries, branches of the interlobular arteries of the kidneys which pass to the Mal- pighian bodies, forming the glomeruli, a. im'pulse, a nervous impulse passing from the periphery to the center, a. lymphat'ics, the lymphatic vessels which enter the glands, a. nerves, nerves conveying impulses from the periphery to the center, the sensory nerves. a. veins, veins conveying blood to the heart direct. afferentia (S-fer-en'shl-ah) [L.] Vasa afferentia, afferent vessels ; specifically the afferent* arteries of the kidneys. affin'ity [L. afp-nis, neighboring.] Attraction; in chemistry the force which impels certain atoms to unite with certain others to form compounds. elec'tive a., in homeopathy, the specific localiza- tion of the action of a drug. af'flux, affluz'ion [L. ad, to, -f- fiuere, to flow.] A flowing toward, specifically a flowing of blood toward any part ; congestion. affusion (S-fu'zhun) [L. ad, to, -I- fundere, to pour.] The pouring of water upon the body or any of its parts for therapeutic purposes. af'rodyn. Trade name of a proprietary remedy said to possess aphrodisiac properties. af'ter-birth. The placenta and membranes which are extruded after the birth of the child. af'ter-brain. Myelenoephalon,* metencephalon. af'ter-cat'aract. Secondary cataract* (2). after-damp. Carbon dioxide formed by the explosion of a mixture of flre-damp, or methane, and air in a mine. af' ter-im'age. The image of an object of which the AFTER-IMAGE 24 AGAVE subjective sensation persists after the object has disappeared or the eyes are closed; spectrum (2). The after-image is called positive when its colors are the same as in the original, negative when the complementary colors are perceived. after -pains. Painful cramp-like contractions of the uterus occurring after childbirth. af' ter-sensa'tion. A sensation persisting after its original cause has ceased to act. af' ter-sound. The subjective sensation of a sound after the cause of the sound has ceased to. act. af' ter-taste. A taste persisting after contact of the tongue with the sapid substance has ceased, af'ter-vis'ion. The subjective perception of an after-image. agalactia (S-gal-ak'tJ-ah) [G. a- priv. -1- gala(galakt^), milk.] Absence of milk in the breasts after child- birth. agalac'tous. Relating to agalactia, or to the diminution or absence of breast-milk. agal-agal (ah'gal-ah'gal). Agar-agar. agalorrhea, agalorrhcea (S-gal-S-re'ah) [G. a-priv. -I- gala, milk, -f- rhoia, a flow.] Arrest of the secretion or flow of milk. agamete (ag'am-et) [G. a- priv. -I- gametes, husband or wife.] A protozoan organism producing • spores asexually. agamic (S-gam'ik). Agamous. agamogen'esis [G. agamos, unmarried, + genesis, , production.] Reproduction without union of the male -and female elements; non-sexual repro- duction. Agamomer'mis cu'licis. A hair-worm parasitic in the mosquito. ag'amont[G. a- priv. 4- ganws, marriage, + dn{ont-), being.] A non-sexual spore-like body forming one of the stages in the life-cycle of certain parasitic protozoans. agamous (ag'S-mus) [G. agamos, unmarried.] Noting non-sexual reproduction, as by fission, budding, etc. agar (ah'(a')gar) [Bengalese.] (U.S.) A gelatin- ous substance prepared from seaweed in Japan ' and India, used in the East to thicken soup; largely used as a base for culture media in bac- teriology; when unqualified, it is usually, and properly, called agar-agar, beer-wort a., beer- wort made from crushed malt, to which is added 2 per cent. agar, blood a., a mixture of blood and a., used for the cultivation of trypanosomes. chol'era a., an alkaline agar medium for cultures of the cholera vibrio; it is made by dissolv- ing by heat agar, 30, in nutrient bouillon, 1000; and ac^ding a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hydrate, 30. Drigal'ski-Conra'di a., a nutrient a. containing horse-meat infusion, Witte's pep- tone, nutrose, sodium chloride, lactose, litmus, and crystal violet, used in the differentiation of the typhoid bacillus. En'do's fuch'sin a., nutri- ent a. containing lactose, alcoholic solution of fuchsin, sodium sulphite, and soda solution, used as a culture medium to differentiate the typhoid bacillus from the colon bacillus and others of that group, gel'atin a., made by dissolving pep- tone, gelatin, glucose or mannite, sodium chlo- ride, and potassium chloride in water and adding • agar, glu'cose a., nutrient a., containing 2 per cent, glucose, glyc'erln a., nutrient a. contain- ing 5 per cent.'glycerin. Guarnie'ri's gel'atin a., similar to Stoddart's gelatin a., used for the cul- tivation of the pnSumococcus. lac'tose-lit'mus a., made by adding 2 per cent, lactose and litmus to acid-free nutrient agar, used in the diflerentia- tion of the typhoid bacillus. MacConk'ey'a bile-salt a., made by the addition of li to 2 per cent, of agar to MacConkey's bile-salt bouillon. man'nite a., nutrient a. containing i or 2 per cent, mannite. Matzuschi'ta's liv'er-gall a., made by cooking together 500 gin. chopped ox^iver, 30 gm. peameal, and 1000 c.c. water, then straining and adding ox-gall and agar. Ho'vy and McNeal's blood a., a nutrient agar con- taining 2 volumes of defibrinated rabbit's blood, suitable for the cultivation of a number of trypanosomes. nu'trient a., bouillon to which 2 per cent, agar has been added. Pfeiff'er's blood a., solid a. smeared on the surface with a few drops of human blood. Roth'berger's neu'tral- red a., a 0.3 per cent, glucose a. to which 1 per cent, of a saturated aqueous neutral-red solution has been added, se'rum a., prepared by adding sterile serum to melted agar. Stod'dart's gelatin a., contains 5 per cent', gelatin, i per cent, peptone, and i per cent, each agar and sodium chloride. Xbal'mann's a., a form of nutrient agar, well adapted, it is claimed, to the cultivation of the gonococcus. u'rine a., made by dissolving 2 per cent, of agar in fresh urine. Was'sennann's se'rum-nu'trose a., hog serum, glycerin, water, and nutrose are boiled together for twenty minutes and the mixture is then added to equal parts of a 2 per cent, peptone agar. Weil's meat-pota'to a., a mixture of potato juice and bouillon containing } per cent, of agar. agaric (ag-S,r'ik) [G. agarikon, a kind of fungus.] Boletus, the dried plant Polyporus oficinalis. It has been employed in the treatment of the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 5 (0.3). a. acid, agaricic acid, agaricin.* fe'male a., Polyporus officinalis, fly a., Agaricus muscarius, a mushroom with red pileus and white gills, the juice of which has narcotic properties. pur'ging a.., Polyporus officinalis, sur'geons' a., dried agaric used locally as a hemostatic. white a., Polyporus officinalis. agaricin, agaricinum (S-gar'St-sin, a.-gS,r-!-se'num) . Agaric acid, a white powder obtained from the white agaric, Polyporus officinalis, employed in the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.12). Agar'icus [see agaric.] A genus of mushrooms, many of which are edible. A. campes'tris, the common edible field mushroom. A. musca'rius, fly agaric, poison mushroom ; a tincture from the fresh fungus is employed in homeopathy in the irregular heart action of coffee- and tea-drinkers and tobacco-smokers, in doses of the third to the thirtieth decimal potency. agar'icus (N.P.) . Agaric, white or larch agaric, the dried fruit body of Polyporus officinalis, occur- ring in the form of brownish or whitish light masses; employed for the relief of colliquative sweating in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). agas'tric [G. a priv. -1- gaster, belly.] Without stomach or digestive tract. agastroneuria (4-gas-tro-nu'rI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- gaster, belly, -I- neuron, nerve.] Lowered nervous control of the stomach. ag'athin [G. agathos, good.] Salicylalphamethyl- phenylhydrazone; occurs in the form of yellowish insoluble crystals; used in the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.12-0.3). Agave (a-gah've) [G. fem. of agauos, noble.] A genus of plants of the natural order Amaryllida- cete, found largely in Mexico; it includes the cen- tury plant, A. americana, from which pulque is made. AGAZOTTT MIXTURE 2S AGONY AgazotU mixture (ah-gaht-sawt'te). A mixture of 87 parts of oxygen and 13 parts of carbon dioxide, proposed by Agazotti an Italian aero- naut, for the relief of balloon sickness. AgCjHjO, + HjO. Silver lactate, actol.* AgsCgHgO,. Silver citrate, itrol. Agchylostoma (ag-kl-los'to-mah). The spelling adopted by Dubini, and followed by some helminthologists; the Committee on Nomencla- ture of the International Congress of Zoologists in 1913 authorized the spelling Ancylosloma (q.v.). AgCI. Silver chloride. AgCN. Silver cyanide, argenti* cyanidum (U.S.P). agenesia, agenesis (Sr-jen-e'sl-ah, &-jen'e-sis) [G. a- priv. + genesis, production.] Absent or imperfect development of any part. agenitalism (&- jen'i-tal-izm) . The complex of symptoms due to absence of the ovaries or testicles, as in castrated persons. agenne'sia [G. a- priv. -I- gennesis, producing.] Agennesis, sterility. agennet'ic. Ste'rile. a'gent [L. agere, to perform.] Anything which produces an effect upon the organism; espe- cially a remedy of any sort, whether medicinal or not. ageusia (S-ju'se-ah) [G a- priv. + geusis, taste.] Loss of the sense of taste. ageustia (S-jus'tl-ah) [G. fasting.] Ageusia. agger (aj'ur) [L. mound.] An eminence or pro- jection, a. na'si [BNA], ridge of the nose, crista* ethmoidalis. a. perpendicula'ris, emi- nentia fossas triangularis, a. val'vae ve'nse, a slight prominence on the wall of a vein corre- sponding to the location of a valve. agglom'erate, agglom'erated [L. agglomerare, to wind into a ball ; from ad, to, -f- glomus, a ball.] Crowded together into a noncoherent mass. agglomera'tion. A crowded mass of independent, but similar units, a cluster. agglu'tinant [L. ad, to, + glutinare, to paste.] 1. Uniting or causing to adhere. 2. Any substance which causes adhesion between two surfaces. agglutina'tion. i. Loss of motility and aggregation in small masses of the microorganisms in a culture, when a specific immune serum is added. 2. Adhesion of the surfaces of a wound, group a., the agglutination in minor degree, of several varieties of bacteria by a serum specific for another bacterial form, imme'diate a., healing by first intention, me'diate a., healing by second inten- tion, a. test, Widal* test. agglutinative (a-glu'tin-a-tiv). Causing, or able to cause, agglutination. agglu'tinin. An antibody which causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells which have acted as antigen. agglutin'ogen. Any substance which, when in- jected into an animal, causes the formation of a specific agglutinin. agglu'tinoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] An agglutinin which has lost its agglutinophore group while retaining its haptophore group; such substances can combine with bacteria or blood cells, but do not produce clumping. agglutinophore (S-glu'tin-o-for) fG. phoro, I bear,] Noting the molecular group in the agglutinin which is the active agent in effecting agglutina- tion. agglutinoscope (S,-glu'tin-o-skop) [agglutination + G. skopeo, I view.] A magnifying glass used to ■ observe the phenomenon of agglutination in the test-tube. agglu'togen. Agglutinogen. agglutom'eter. An apparatus used to simplify the agglutination or Widal* test. ag'gregate [L. aggregare, to assemble; from ad, to, + gregus, a flock.] 1. To unite or come together in a mass or cluster. 2. The total of independent units making up a mass or cluster. ag'gregated. Collected together to form a total. aggres'sin [L. aggressor, an assailant.] A substance, assumed to be an endotoxin liberated in conse- quence of bacteriolysis, which represses the activity of the phagocytes, and so weakens the resisting power of the organism to infection. Agl. Silver iodide. aglaucopsia (4-glaw-kop'sl-ali) [G. a- priv. + glaukos, bluish-green, -1- opsis, vision.] Green- blindness, inability to distinguish the color green. aglobu'lia [G. a- priv. -I- L. globulus, globule.] Marked diminution of the red blood-cells, oligocythemia. aglos'sia [G. a- priv. -I- glossa, tongue.] Absence of the tongue. aglossos'toma [G. d- priv. + glossa, tongue, + stoma, mouth.] A monster without a tongue, but with a (generally closed) mouth. agmatol'ogy [G. _agma(agmat-), a fragment. -I- -logia.] The branch of surgery concerned espe- cially with fractures. ag'men,' pi. agmina [L. a multitude.] A collection, an aggregation. a. peyerian'um, Peyer's patches, noduli lymphatici aggregati. ag'minate, ag'minated [L. agmen, a. niiultitude.] Aggregate, agglomerate, collected together into clusters or masses, a. glands, Peyer's* patches in the intestines, as distinguished from the solitary glands. ag'nail. i. Hangnail. 2. Whitlow. agna'thia [G. a- priv. -t- gnathos, jaw.] Absence of the lower jaw, usually with approximation of the ears, or otocfephaly. agnathous (ag'na-thus). Without lower jaw. ag'nathy. Agnathia. ag'nin, ag'nolin [L. agnus, lamb, + oleum, oil.] A prepared wool-fat similar to lanolin. AgNO,. Silver nitrate, lunar caustic. agno'sia [G. ignorance; from o- priv. + gnosis, knowledge.] Absence of the ability to recognize the form and nature of persons and things, or of the perceptive faculty, au'ditory a., mind deaf- ness.* op'tic a., mind blindness.* tac'tile «,, inability to recognize objects by the touch. ag'nus cas'tus [L. chaste lamb.] Chaste-tree, Abraham's balm, monk's pepper-tree, the fruit of Viiex agnus-castus, employed as an antispas- modic and aphrodisiac; a tincture from the fresh berries is used in homeopathic practice for impotence following gonorrhea, in doses of the *third to sixth decimal potency. AgjO. Silver oxide, argenti* oxidum (U.S. and Br.). agomphi'asis [G. a- priv. + gomphios, a molar tooth.] Looseness of the teeth. agomphious (S-gom'fl-us). Without teeth, tooth- less, ag'onal. Relating to the agony, or moment of death. agoni'adin. A glucoside, Ci„H,40„ obtained from the bark of Plumeria lancifolia and other species of P.; employed as a febrifuge in malaria in doses I of gr. 2-4 (0.12-0.25). ag'onist [G. agon, a contest.] Noting a muscle in a state of contraction, with reference to , its opposing muscle, or antagonist. ag'ony [G. agon, a struggle, trial.] 1. Intense pain AGONY 26 AIR or anguish of body or mind. 2. The act of djdng. a. clot, a. throm'bus, a. heart clot formed during the act of dying after prolonged heart failure. agopyrine (S.-go-pi'ren). Trade name of a mixture recommended in influenza, said to contain sali- pyrine and ammonium chloride. agorapho'bia [G. agora, market-place, + phobos, fear.] Dread of being in or crossing open spaces. AgsPO,. Silver phosphate. agraffe (S-graf) [Fr. agrafe, a hook, clasp.] An appliance for clamping together the edges of a. wound, used in lieu of sutures. agrammatica (S-gram-afK-kah). Agrammatism. agramm'atism [G. agrammatos, unlearned.] Loss, through cerebral disease, of the power to construct a grammatical or intelligible sentence; words are uttered, but not in proper sequence. agranulocyte (i-gran'u-lo-slt) . A non-granular leucocyte. agranuloplastic (a-gTan"u-lo-plas'tik) [G. a- priv. + L. granulum, granule, + G. plastikos, forma- tive.] I. Capable of forming non-granular cells. 2. Incapable of forming granular cells. agraphia [G. a- priv. -t- grapho, I write.] Loss of the power of writing, due either to muscular inco- ordination (motor a.) or to an inability to phrase thought {cerebral or mental a.). Acoustic u. is acquired inability to write from dictation, optic u., to copy. In amnemonic a. letters and words can be written, but not connected sentences; in verbal a. single letters can be written, but not words; in absolute, atactic, or Kteral a. not even imcoxmected letters can be ritten. Musical a. is the loss of power to write musical notation. agraph'ic. Relating to or marked by agraphia. ag'ria [G. agrios, wild.] i. Herpes. 2. Any severe pttstular eruption. ag'rimony. The dried plant of Agrimonia eupa- toria, a perennial herb of Europe and America; astringent and tonic in doses of 5i— ' (2.0-4.0); a fluidextract is used in corresponding doses. ag"riothy'iina [G. agrios, wild, + thymes, wrath.] Wild, ferocious mania- agrius (ag'ri-us) [G. agrios, wild.] Angry-looking, severe, noting especially certain dermatoses. agroma'nia [G. agros, field, -I- mania, frenzy.] Intense and morbid desire to be in the open country, or to live in solitude. agrop'yrum. (B.A.) Triticum (U.S.). Agrostemma githago (ag-ro-stem'ah gith-a'go) [G. agros, field, + stemma, wreath; L. gith, Roman coriander.] Lychnis githago, corn-cockle, the seeds of which are said to cause githagism. agryp'nia [G. agrypnos, sleepless.] Insomnia. agiypnot'lc. Sleepless; marked by, or suffering from, insomnia. Ag^S. Silver sulphide, found in nature in associa- tion with lead sulphide, forming argentiferous galena. AgSOj. Silver sulphate. Agua Azufrosa del Tope Chlco, Mexico (ah'gwah ah-soo-fro'sah del to'po che'ko) [Sp. sulphurous water of the little mole.] Alkaline-saline-sul- phurous waters, 41° C. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, dysmenorrhea, nocturnal enuresis, phosphaturia, neuropathies, hepatic and splenic congestion, and skin diseases. Agua de Vida Springs, California (ah'gwah da ve'dah) [Sp. water of life.] Alkaline-carbonated; alkaline- saline-sulphureted waters, 57.5° F. Recom- mended in certain forms of dyspepsia, renal con- gestion, and cystitis. Agua Hedlonda, Mexico (ah'gwah a-de-on'dah). Saline-sulphureted-carbonated waters, 78° F. Used for bathing, or may be taken internally in small doses, in rheumatism, hepatic, renal, and gastric disorders, paralysis, and cutaneous affec- tions. October to February. A'guas Calien'tes, California. [Sp. hot waters.] Alkaline-saline-sulphureted waters, 58° F. to 142° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- matism, tuberculous affections, syphilis, skin diseases, renal and hepatic congestion. ague (a'gu) [Fr. aigu, acute.] i. Malarial fever marked by chill, fever, and sweating. 2. A chill, brow a., intermittent supraorbital neu- ralgia, cat'enafing a., malaria complicating some other disease, dumb a., subacute malaria with irregular attacks of fever without chill, face a., facial neuralgia. a'gue-cake. The enlarged spleen of chronic malaria. a'gue-drop. Fowler's solution. a'gue-root. Aletris. ag'urin. A white soluble powder, a mixture of sodium acetate and theobromine-sodium; diuretic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). Ah. Abbreviation for hypermetropic astigmatism. Ahlfeld's sign (ahl'felt) [J. F. Ahlfeld, German ob- stetrician, *i843.] Irregular circumscribed con- tractions of the uterus occurring after the third month of pregnancy. ahypnia, ahypnosis (ah-hip'ni-ah, ah-hip-no'sis) [G. a- priv. + hypnos, sleep.] Insomnia. aichmophobia (ak-mo-pho'bi-ah) [G. aichme, a point, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of being touched by the finger or any slender pointed object. aidoiitis (i-doy-i'(e')tis). Edeitis, vulvitis.* ail (al) [A.S. eglan, pain, distress.] To suffer, be indisposed, ill. 2. To trouble or distress with some pain or illness. 3. An illness or indispo- sition. Ailan'thus, Ailan'tus [of Eastern derivation.] Tree of heaven; a genus of trees of the natural order SimarubacecB. The bark and leaves of A. glandulosa possess anthelmintic and purgative properties; dose of the fluidextract njio— 30 (0.6—2.0), of the tincture njiio— 60 (0.6-4.0). ailment (al'ment). An indisposition; slight and usually chronic illness, min'or a., a mild dis- order or symptom, such as a headache, "cold," indigestion, etc. ailourophobia, ailurophobia (a-loo-ro-fo'bl-ah) [G. ailouros, a cat, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal aversion to or fear of cats. ainhum (in'yoom) [from an African (Nagos) word meaning to saw.] Spontaneous amputation of a toe by a constricting fibrous ring; it affects chiefly male negroes in the tropics. aiodine (a-i'o-din) [G. a- priv. + iodine.] Trade name of a preparation of -the thyroid gland, containing a very small percentage of iodine; used for the same purposes as other thyroid extracts. air [G. aer; L. aer.] The atmosphere, a simple non-chemical mixture of oxygen, i volume, and nitrogen, 4 volumes, vrith varying proportions of carbon dioxide, vapor of water, argon, ammonia, nitric acid, and organic matter, complemen'tal a., the excess of air which may be drawn into the lungs by forced inspiration, dephlogis'ticated a., air deprived of "phlogiston," or oxygen, fixed a., carbon dioxide, llq'uid a., air which, by means of intense cold and pressure, has been liquefied. reserve' a., a. which usually remains in the Ivmgs after an ordinary expiration, but which can be expelled with effort, resid'ual a., that which fills the pulmonary vesicles and cannot be ex- AIR 27 ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL pelled by forced expiration, supplemen'tal a., reserve a. ti'dal a., that which enters and leaves the liuigs during ordinary respiration, air-cham'ber. Vacutun-chamber. air-em'boUsm. Arrest of circulation in a vessel by a bubble of air or gas. air-hunger (ar"hung'gur). Dyspnea characterized by deep labored respirations, such as occurs some- times in acid intoxication. ai'rol. Trade name for bismuth oxy-iodogallate, a greenish, tasteless, odorless powder, employed as an antiseptic and astringent in dressings, and also given internally as an astringent in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6). Ait'ken's opera'tion [John Aitken, Edinburgh sur- geop, ti79°J Double pelvitomy in case of djrstocia from a narrow pelvis. Ait'ken's ton'ic pill [Sir William Aitken, Scotch phy- sician, 1825—1892.] Contains the same ingre- dients as the pilula metallorum (N.P.) but in smaller dose; reduced iron gr. f (0.045), quinine sulphate gr. i (0.06), strychnine and arsenic trioxide each gr.-^ip. 0013) ; same as pilulas ferri, quininse, strychninae et arseni mites (N.P.). Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia (aks'lS-shS-pel'). Aachen. Alkaline-saline-sulphurous waters, 107° F. to 120° P. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, syphilis, cutaneous diseases, chronic nervous diseases, and paralysis. May 15 to September 15. Winter season, September 30 to March 31. Aix-les-Bains, France (aksla-ban'). Sulphurous waters, 112° P. to 114° P. Used by drinking, bathing, and massage in rheumatism, gout, sjrphilis, uterine disorders, and throat diseases. April to November. Thermal establishment open all the year. ajakol (aj'S-kol). Trade name of a disinfectant preparation of pyrocatechin ethyl ether. aj'owan [East Indian.] The fruit of Ptychotis coptica, or Carum copticutn, a plant of India, Persia, and Egypt; carminative in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0); the source of oleum ajowan (B.A.). akamusiii disease (ak-kah-moo'shl diz-5z') [Jap. aka, red, + mushi, bug.] Japanese* river fever. ■kan'thion. Acanthion. akaral'gia [G. a- priv. -I- kar, head, -I- algos, pain.] A proprietary remedy for migraine, consisting of an effervescent mixture of sodium salicylate, sodium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, lithium benzoate, and nux vomica, flavored with winter- green. akar'kjne. Trade name for arsenic albuminate, applied locally in the treatment of cancer. akatama (ah-kah-tah'mah) [a native word.] An endemic peripheral netu^tis affecting the adult natives of West Central Africa; the chief symp- toms are numbness, burning, and prickling of the surface, with erythema and occasionally swelling of the skin and excessive sweating; the symptoms are aggravated by cold and damp, but relieved by the application of dry heat ; the cause is unknown. akathis'ia. Acathisia. akinesia (JUdn-e'sI-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- kinesis, movement.] ±. Absence or loss of the power of voluntary motion. 2. Immobility. 3. The postsystolic interval of rest of the heart. 4. A neurosis accompanied with paretic symptoms. a. al'gera [G. algos, pain], a condition marked by severe neuralgic pain of indeterminate origin which is excited by any movement, a. amnes'- tica [G. amnesia, forgetfulness], loss of mus- cular power from disuse. akine'sic. Akinetic. akine'sis. Akinesia. akinet'ic. i . Relating to or suffering from akinesia a. Amitotic. Al. Chemical symbol of aluminum. ala, gen. and pi. a'/iB (ah'(a')lah) [L. wing.] i. Any wing-like or expanded structure. 2. Axilla. tt. al'ba, white wing, a white area adjacent to the a. cinerea. a. au'iis, the auricle, or pinna of the ear. a. cerebell'i, a. lobuli centralis, a. cine'rea [BNA], ashen or gray wing, trigonum vagi, a prominence in the fovea inferior of the floor of the fourth ventricle, below the trigonum hypoglossi, subjacent to which is the terminal nucleus of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. a. il'ii, ala ossis ilivnn [BNA], the upper flaring portion of the ilium, a. lin'gulse cerebell'i, vincula lingulae cerebelli. a. lob'uli centra'lis [BNA], the lateral wing-like projection of the central lobule of the cerebellum, a. mag'na, the great wing of the sphenoid bone. a. na'si, the wing of the nostril; the outer more or less flaring wall of each nostril, a. oss'is il'ium [BNA], a. ilii. a. par'va, the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. a. pon'tls, one of two thin white bands crossing the anterior extremity of the pyramid just below the pons. a. sacra'lis, a broad flat projection on either side of the articu- lar surface of the base of the sacrum, a. tempora'lis, a. magna, a. vespertilio'nis, bat's wing, ligamentum latum uteri, a. vo'meris, wing of the vomer; an everted lip on either side of the upper border of the vomer, between which fits the rostrum of the sphenoid bone. ala'lia [G. a- priv. + lalia, talking.] Loss of the power of speech through paralysis or defect of the vocal organs. alal'ic. Relating to or suffering from alalia. alangine (al'an-jen). An alkaloid obtained from the bark, root, and leaves of Alangium lamarckii, a tree of India; it is a bitter tonic, antiperiodic, and, in large doses, emetic and cathartic. al'anin. Aminopropiohic acid; alpha-alanin has the formula CH3.CH(NH2).COOH; beta-alanin, CH2(NHj).CH2.COOH. a. mer'cury, hydrargyri amidopropionas. al'ant-cam'phor. A white stearoptene obtained from elecampane. al'antin. Inulin. al'antol. Inulol, a yellowish liquid obtained by distillation from the root of Inula helenium, or elecampane; used internally as a substitute for turpentine in doses of 1515 (o.oi). alar (a'lar) [L. ala, a wing.] i. Relating to a wing, winged. 2. Axillary, a. ar'tery, a small branch of the axillary supplying the tissues of the axilla, a. car'tilage, the lower of the cartilages on each side of the nose. a. lig'aments, lateral expansions of the ligamentum mucosiim of the knee-joint, a. vein, the vein accompanying the a. artery. alas'trim. A disease prevalent in certain parts of Brazil; it resembles smallpox in many of its features but there is no secondary rise of tem- perature, the pustules are not umbilicated; fatal cases are practically imknown, and Jennerian vaccination confers but temporary immunity. a'late. Winged. al'ba [fem. of L. albus, white.] Substantia alba, the white substance of the brain. albargin, albargol (al'bar-jin, al'bar-gol) [L. albus, white, + argenium, silver.] A trade name for silver gelatose, a combination of the nitrate salt and gelatose, a decomposition product of gelatin; a brown powder soluble in water and containing ALBARGIN, ALBARGOL 28 ALBUMINURIA about 20 per cent, of silver nitrate ; employed as an injection in gonorrhea in solutions of i-iooo. Albarran's' test [Joaquin Albarran, Parisian urolo- gist of Cuban birth, 1860-1912. ) Polyuria* test. A.'s tu'bules, minute branching tubules in the subcervical region of the prostate gland, emptying for the most part into the posterior portion of the urethra. albe'do [L. whiteness.] The light reflected from any surface, a. ret'inae, edema of the retina. Albee's opera'tion (awl'be) [Fred. Houdlett Albee, New York surgeon, *i876.] For producing ankylosis of the hip; the upper surface of the head of the femur is sliced off and the correspond- ing point of the edge of the acetabulum is squared, so that the two freshened bony surfaces may rest in contact. AlTjert's disease' [E. Albert, Vienna surgeon, 1841- 1900.] Achillodynia. A.'s opera'tion, exsection of the articular ends of the tibia and femur to obtain ankylosis of the knee. A.'s su'ture, a modified Czemy suture, the first row of stitches passing through the entire thickness of the wall of the gut. al'bicans, pi. albican'tia. Corpus* albicans. lidu'ria [L. albidus, whitish, -f- G. ouron, urine.] 1. Chyluria. 2. The passing of pale urine of ow, specific gravity. abaidus (al'H-dus) [L.] Whitish. abbini's nod ules (ahl-be'ne) [Guiseppe Albini, Alltalian physiologist, *i83o.] Minute nodules on the margins of the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart, sometimes present in the newborn. al'binism. Congenital leucoderma or absence of pigment in the skin and its appendages; it may be partial or complete. albi'no [Pg. from I^. albus, white.] A person with very little or no pigment in the skin, hair, or iris. albinu'ria. Albiduria. albi'noism. Albinism. albocinereous (al-bo-sin-e're-us) [L. albus, white, -I- cinereus, ashen.] Relating to both the white and the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. albofer'rin [L. albus, white, -f ferrum, iron,] A light brown tasteless powder, a compound of iron, 0.68, phosphorus, 0.324, and albumin, 90. 14 per cent.; used as a chalybeate. albolene (al'bo-len) [L. albus, white, + oleum, oil.] A white oily substance, resembling soft paraffin, prepared from petroleum; it is used as a base for ointments, and the fluid form, liquid albolene, as a base for remedies applied by spray to the mucous membranes. albuginea (al-bu-jin'e-ah) [L. albus, white.] Re- sembling boiled white of egg; tunica* albuginea. albugineotomy (al-bu-jin-e-ot'o-ml) [G. tome, cut- ting.] Incision into any tunica albuginea. albugin'eous. i. Resembling boiled white of egg. 2. Relating to any tunica albuginea. albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of any tunica albuginea, albu'go [L. whiteness.] Leucoma, a white corneal opacity. albulac'tin. Trade name of a soluble lactalbumin, in the form of a fine powder containing 5.22 per cent, of salts and 12.71 per cent, of nitrogen, employed in the modification of cow's milk for infant feeding. albu'men [L. the white of egg.] i. White of egg, egg-albumin, ovalbumin. 2. Albumin. albumim'etiy. Albuminimetry. albu'min [L. albumen, the coagulated white of egg.] A simple protein widely distributed throughout the tissues and fluids of plants and animals; it is soluble in pure water, precipitable from a solution by mineral acids, and coagulable by heat in acid or neutral solution. Varieties of a. are found in blood, milk, and muscle, acid a., see under acid. a. soap, soap* albumin, al'kali a., see under alkali. Bence-Jones a., see under Bence-Jones. derived a., an a. formed from native a. by ths action of weak acids or alkalies; albuminate; albumose; metaprotein. egg-a., ovalbumin, albumen.* na'tive a., a protein existing in its natural state in the body; it is soluble in water and not precipitated by dilute acids; the two principal forms are serum-albumin and egg-albumin, se'rum-a., a form of a. pres- ent in the blood plasma and in serous fluids, soap a., see under soap. albuminate (al-bu'min-at). Derived albumin, meta- protein, a product of the hydrolysis of albimiin and globulin. albu"minatu'ria. The presence of albuminates in the urine when voided. albuminif'erous [L. albumen, albumin, -I- ferre, to bear.] Producing albumin. albuminim'eter [L. albumen, albumin, + G. metron, measure.] Albumimeter, an apparatus for determining the quantity of albumin in the urine or other fluids. albuminim'etry. The determination of the amount of albumin present in solution in any fluid. albuminip'arous [L. albumen, albiunin, + parere, to bring forth.] Albuminiferous. albu'minoid [L. albumen, albumin, + G. eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling albumin, -.i. Any protein. 3. Scleroprotein, glutinoid, a simple protein present in homy and cartilaginous tissues ; it is insoluble in neutral solvents ; keratin, gelatin, elastin, and collagen are albuminoids. albuminolysis (al-bu-min-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, solu- tion.] Proteolysis. albuminom'etry. Albuminimetry. albu'minone. Albumone. albuminoptysis (al-bu-min-op'ti-sis) [G. ptysis, a - spitting. ] Albuminous expectoration. albuminoreaction (al-bu'mi-no-re-ak'shun). The presence (positive reaction), or absence (negative reaction) of albumin in the sputum, the positive reaction indicating an inflammatory process in the lungs. albuminorrhe'a, albuminorrhce'a [L. albumen, albu- min, -I- G. rhoia, a flow.] Albuminuria. albuminose (al-bu'ml-noz). i. Albuminous. ' 2, Albumose. albumino'sis. A condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the albuminous constituents of the blood plasma. albu'minous. Relating in any way to albumin; containing or consisting of albumin. albu"minuret'ic [L. albumen, albumin, -I- G. ouretikos, causing a flow of urine.] i. Caus- ing albuminuria. 2. Albuminuric. albuminu'ria [L. albumen, albumin, + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of albumin in the urme as voided, acciden'tal a., temporary a. due to some accidental and not lasting irritation of one or both kidneys, adoles'cent a., functional a. occurring at about the time of puberty; it is usually cyclic or orthostatic a. adventi'tious a., a. due to the presence of blood escaping somewhere in the urinary tract, of chyle, or of some other albuminous fluid, not caused by filtration: of albumin from the blood through the kidneys. coUiq'uative a., an a. which is excessive in degree. cy'clic a., a fimctional a. appearing intermittently in cycles of twelve to thirty-six hours' duration. .BUMINURIA 29 ALCOHOL iietet'ic a., the discharge of albumin in the urine following the ingestion of certain foods, false a., adventitious a. feb'rile a.., a. occurring during bhe course of a fever. func'tionEil a., a. occurring without disease of the kidneys or evident lesions elsewhere, hematog'enous a., he'mic a., a. occurring in anemia, syphilis, various intoxi- cations, and other states marked by profound blood changes, intermitt'ent u., cyclic a. in- trin'sic a., true a., a. occurring in disease of the kidneys, lordot'ic a., orthostatic a. j this term was suggested in the theory that the a. is due to pressure from lordosis in the lumbar spine. neurot'ic a., a. associated with epilepsy or other convulsions, central hemorrhage or other trauma, and occasionally exophthalmic goiter and various neuroses, orthostat'ic a., a condition character- ized by the appearance of albumin in the urine when the patient is in the erect posture and its disappearance when he is recumbent, pal'patory 3.., an a., sometimes lasting several hours, pro- duced in healthy individuals by bimanual palpita- tion of the kidneys, paroxys'mal a., cydic a. physiolog'ical a., (i) the presence of slight traces of nucleoalbumin in normal urine; (2) functional a. pos'tural a., orthostatic a. se'rous a., a. due to the escape of albumin from the blood through the kidneys, true a., (i) intrinsic a. ; (2) serous a. buminu'ric. Relating to or suffering from albu- minuria. buminurophobia (al-bu"min-u-ro-fo'bi-ah) [al- buminuria + G. phobos, fear.] 1. A morbid fear of acquiring Bright's disease or albuminuria. :j. An .' exaggerated notion by the medical practitioner of the significance of albumin in the urine. 'bumoid. A protein foimd in cartilage; it is insoluble in neutral solutions and nearly so in acid and alkaline solutions. bumone (al-bu'mon). A non-coagulable protein contained in blood serum; by some it is re- garded as an artifical product formed from the globulins when heat is employed to separate the coagulable proteins. bu'moscope [L. albumen, albtmiin, + G. shaped, I view.] A specially mounted graduated glass tube, used in determining the presence and the approxi- mate amount of albumin in the urine or other fluid; the operation consists in bringing the fluid and nitric acid in contact without mixing them. bumose (al'bu-moz). A derived albumin, formed during the digestion of a protein, and converted on further digestion into peptone; it is very soluble and is not coagulable by heat. Bence- Jones a., see Bence-Jones* albumin, bumosemia (al-bu-mo-se'mi-ah) [albumose + G. haima, blood.] The presence of albumose in the blood. bumosuria (al-bu-mo-su'r!-ah) [albumose + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of albumose in the urine, myelopath'ic a., Kahler's* disease. 'burgh Springs, Vermont. Saline-ferruginous- sulphureted waters. Two springs. bur'num [L.] The sapwood of an exogenous tree, between the heart- wood and the bark. 'call. Alkali. 'caloid. Alkaloid. :ap'ton. Alkapton. samose (al-kai'noz). A mixture of albumose and maltose, a concentrated predigested food. jar'sin [alciphol) + ars(,enic).'] Alkarsin, Cadet's fuming liquid, cacodyl oxide, As(CH3)40. 'cock's canal' [Thomas Alcock, English anatomist, 1784-1833.] A space in the outer fascial wall of the ischiorectal fossa about an inch and a half above the lower margin of the tuberosity of the ischium; it contains the internal pudic artery and veins and the terminal parts of the pudic nerve. alcogel (al'ko-jel). Same as a hydrogel, with alcohol instead of water as the dispersion means. al'cohol [Ar al, the, + koh'l, fine antimonial powder, the term being applied first to a fine pbwder, then to anything impalpable — spirit.] i. One of a series of organic chemical compounds in which the hydrogen (H) in a hydrocarbon is replaced by hydroxyl (OH); the hydroxide of a hydrocarbon radical, reacting with acids to form esters, , as a metallic hydroxide reacts to form salts. 2. Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol. 3. (U.S.) A liquid containing 92.3 per cent, by weight (94.9 per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide ; the equivalent of the B.P., called spiritus rectifi- catus, contains 85.65 per cent, by weight (90 per cent, by volume) of absolute ethyl hydroxide. a. absolu'tum (Br.), absolute alcohol, a. dehy- dratum. a. ammonia'tum, ammoniated alcohol, spiritus* ammonlae. a. amyl'icum (Br.) amyl or amylic a., (CH3)2.CH.CH20H, prepared by puri- fying fusel oil, collecting that part which distils between 257° and 289° F. (i25°-i43° C.) a. dehydra'tum (U.S.), dehydrated alcohol, absolute alcohol, ethyl hydroxide, C2HB.OH, containing not more than i per cent, by weight of water, a. denatura'tum, denatured alcohol, methylated spirit; ethyl alcohol which has been made undrinkable by the addition of one-ninth of its volume of methyl alcohol and a small quantity of benzine or the pyridine bases. a. dilu'tum (U.S. and Br.), dilute alcohol, con- tains 41. s per cent, by weight (48.6 per cent, by volume) of absolute alcohol or ethyl hy- droxide; the B.P. has foiir dilutions, containing respectively 70, 60, 45, and 20 per cent, by volume of ethyl hydroxide, ammo'niated a., spiritus* ammoniEB. am'yl or amyl'ic a., a. amylicum. anhy'drous a., absolutely pure a., containing no water, ben'zyl a., phenmethylol, phenyl carbinol, a substance possessing local anesthetic properties, bu'tyl a., propyl carbinol, primary normal butyl a., the butyl a. of fermentation, CH3.CH2CH2.- CH2OH, is a colorless liquid, more poisonous than ethyl or methyl a.; there are three other butyl alcohols: isobutyl a., secondary butyl a., and tertiary butyl a., or isopropyl carbinol, ethyl-methyl carbinol, and trimethyl carbinol respectively, dena'tured a., a. denaturatum. diatom'ic or dihy'dric a., one containing two atom groups (OH), or having a bivalent radical. eth'yl a., ethyl hydroxide, grain alcohol, CH3- CH2OH, the alcohol of wine, whiskey, and other spiritubus beverages, grain a., ethyl a. homeopath'ic a., ethyl a. of 87 per cent, strength, used in making attenuations, meth'yl or methyl'ic a., wood alcohol, pyroxylic spirit,, H.CH2OH, obtained by the destructive distilla- tion of wood; it is poisonous, and often causes blindness, monoatom'ic or monohy'dric a., one containing but one atom group (01^), or having a univalent radical, pri'mary a., an alcohol characterized by the univalent atom group (CH2OH) or methoxyl. pro'pyl a., ethyl carbinol, CHS.CH2.CH2OH, a colorless fluid of alcoholic taste and fruity odor, more poispnous than ethyl alcohol, salicyl'ic a,, diathesin. sec'ondary a., an alcohol char- ALCOHOL 3° ALEXIA' acterized by the bivalent atom group (CHOH). ter'tiary a., an alcohol characterized by the trivalent atom group (COH). ter'tiary am'yl a,, amylene hydrate, thi'o-a., mercaptan. triatom'ic or trihy'dric a.,' one containing three atom groups (OH), or .having a trivalent radical, wood a., methyl a. alcoholase (al'ko-hol-az). A ferment converting lactic acid into alcohol, al'coholate. i. A tincture or other preparation containing alcohol. 2. A chemical compound in which an atom of hydrogen in alcohol is replaced by an atom of an alkaline metal. alcohol'ic. i. Relating to, containing, or produced by alcohol, z. A person addicted to the use of alcoholic beverages in excess. al'coholism. Poisoning with alcohol, acute' a., intoxication, drunkenness, a temporary mental disturbance with muscular incoordination and paresis, induced by the ingestion of alcoholic beverages in poisonous amount, chron'ic a., a pathological condition, affecting chiefly the nerv- ous and gastroenteric systems, caused by the habitual use of alcoholic beverages in poisonous amount. al'coholist. Alcoholic (2). al'coholize. 1. To impregnate with alcohol " a. To convert into alcohoh alcoholoma'nia. i . A morbid craving for alcoholic beverages. 2. Delirium tremens. alcoholom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the quantity of alcohol in a fluid. alcoholophilia (al"ko-hol-o-fil'I-ah) [alcohol + G. phileo, I love.] The craving for alcohol. alcosol (al'ko-sol). Same as a hydrosol, with alcohol instead of water as the dispersion means. alcre'sol. Trade name for a solution of cresylic acid, employed as an antiseptic. alcres'ta. Trade name of a preparation of ipecac that, it is claimed, may be administered in very large doses without exciting nausea or vomiting; it is in the form of tablets, each containing the alkaloids isolated from 10 grains of ipecac. aldehydase (al'de-hi-daz). An oxidizing ferment which converts an aldehyde into an acid. aldehyde, aldehydum (al'de-hid, al-de-hi'dum) [allcohol) + L. de, from, + hyd(rogen); alcohol deprived of hydrogen,] 1. A chemical body intermediate between an acid and an alcohol, containing less oxygen than the former and less hydrogen than the latter, z. Acetaldehyde, acetic aldehyde, ethaldehyde a colorless liquid of irritating odor; it is polymerized into paralde- hyde* in the presence of sulphuric acid, ace'tic a., aldehyde (2). cinnam'ic a., cinnaldehydum. for'mic a., formaldehyde, meth'yl a., formalin. parafor'mic a., paraform. alder (awl'der). A tree or shrub of the genus Alnus, The name is given also to plants of other and entirely dissimilar genera, black a., Rhamnus frangtda. al'din. An aldehyde base.* al'dol. Beta-oxybutyric aldehyde, a thick liquid soluble in 2 parts of water, possessing hjrpnotic properties. aldose (al'doz). A carbohydrate containing the characterizing group of the aldehydes (CHO). alecithal (al-es'ith-al) [G. a- priv. + lekithos, yolk.] Without yolk, noting ova, if such exist, in which there is no deutoplasm ; in general, noting the mam- malian ovum in which there is no distinct yolk. alem'broth. A double chloride of mercury and ammonia, sometimes employed as an antiseptic in surgical dressings. alemmal (a,-lem'al) [G. a- priv. + lemma, husk.] Noting a nerve fiber not provided with a neurilemma. Alep'po boil or e'vil [Aleppo, a vilayet and its capital in Asiatic Turkey.] Oriental boil.* Alet, France (S-la'). Alkaline, carbonated waters, 64° F. to 102° F. Used in anemia, dyspepsia, intestinal disorders, pregnancy, and debility. June I to September 30. Thermal establish- ment, all the year. aletocyte (al-e'to-sit) [G. aleles, a, wanderer, + kytos, cell.] A wandering cell. al'etrin. A dark brown bitter powder, a concen- tration product obtained from the root of Aletris* farinosa; dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). al'etris [G. a grinder of corn.] (N.F.) The dried rhizome and roots of Aletris farinosa, ague-root, unicorn root, crow-corn, star-grass; an herb of the eastern United States; a simple bitter, said to be a uterine tonic, diuretic, and antirheumatic, in doses of gr. 8-iS (0.5-1 -o). aleucemia, aleucsemia (a-lu-se'ml-ah) [G. a- priv. + Uukos, white, + haima, blood.] i. A con- dition marked by aleucocytosis or leucopenia. z. Pseudoleucemia. 3. Myelomatosis. Also written aleuchcefnia, aleukosmia, aleukemia. aleuce'mic. i. Marked by aleucemia. ^. Not as- sociated with or characterized by leucemia, noting an early stage of Hodgkin's disease when the local symptoms are present, but the blood changes have not yet set in. aleuclueinia (S-lu-ke'mJ-ah). Aleucemia. aleucocytic (al-u-ko-si'tik). Marked by an absence of leucocytosis or by leucopenia. aleucocjrtosis (i-lu-ko-si-to'sis) [G. o- priv. + leukos, white, + kytos, cell.] Leucopenia, a diminution, relative or absolute, in the niunber of white blood-cells. aleukaemia, aleukemia (S-lu-ke'ml-ah). Aleucemia. aleukia (S,-lu'ki-ah) [G. a- priv. ^- leukos, white.] I. Aleucemia. 2. Absence of blood plates, thrombopenia. a. haemorrhag'ica, aplastic anemia. aleuionate (S-lu'ro-nat) [G. aleuron, flour.] A flour said to consist largely of vegetable albumin with a very small proportion of starch, used to make bread for diabetics. aleuron (al-u'ron) [G. aleuron, wheaten flour.] Protein granules; particles of protein found in the endosperm of seeds, supposed to contain the vitamines of edible seeds and grains. Alexan'der's opera'tion. Alexandei^Adams opera- tion. Alexan'der-Ad'ams opera'tion [William Alexander, Liverpool surgeon, fiQip; James A. Adams, Glasgow surgeon.] Alexander's operation, Alqui^'s operation; shortening of the round ligapients of the uterus and suture of their ends to the external abdominal ring. Alexandersbad, Germany (ah-lek-sahn'ders-baht). Chalybeate waters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, incipient phthi- sis, nervous diseases, and women's diseases. May 1; to October i. alexeteric (S-lek-se-ter'ik) [G. alexeiSrios, able to defend.] Protective, defensive, in reference especially to infectious diseases; antidotal. alex'ia [G. a- priv. + lexis, a word or phrase.] Loss of the power to grasp the meaning of written or printed words and sentences; word-blindness; called also optical, sensory, or visual a. in distinc- tion to motor a. (aphemia or anarthria), in which there is loss of the power to read aloud although the significance of what is written or printed is .EXIA 31 ALKALI cmderstood. Musical a., or music-blindness, is .OSS of the power to read musical notation, ix'in [G. alexo, I ward off.] Complement, a labile substance, present in both normal and immune serum, possessing bactericidal and hemo- lytic properties when combined with immune body ; the alexin in normal serum is sometimes called sosin, that in specific or immune serum, phylaxin iz'ine. A French proprietary remedy, said to contain chiefly phosphoric acid. izipharmic (&-leks-i-far'mik) [G. alexipharmakos, preserving against poison.] 1. Antidotal. 2. An antidote. sxipyretic (a-lek"sJ-pi-ret'ik) [G. alexo, I ward off, -t- pyretos, fever.] Febrifuge. ezisbad, Germany (ah-lek'sis-baht). Chalybeate waters; three springs. Used in diabetes, anemia, nervous disorders and women's diseases. May 20 to September 20. ixocyte (a-lek'so-sit) [alexin + G. kytos, cell.] A leucocyte which is assumed to secrete alexin or com.plenient. 'gae [pi. of L. alga, seaweed.] A division of cellular cryptogamous plants, including the seaweeds. ^anesthesia, algansesthesia (al-gan-es-the'zl-ah) [G. algos, pain, 4- an- priv. -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Analgesia. garoth [after the inventor, V. Algarotii, Italian chemist, 1712-1764.] Oxychloride of antimony formerly employed as an emetic. ;esia, algesis (al-je'sl-ah, al-je'sis) [G. algesis, a sense of pain.] Hyperesthesia.. ;e'sic. Painful, hyperesthetic. ;esichronometer (al-3e"s!(-kro-nom'e-tur) [G. algesis, sense of pain, -I- chronos, time, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for recording the time required for the perception of a painful stimulus. jesimeter, algesiometer (al-je-sim'e-tur, al-je- si-om'e-tur) [G. algesis, sense of pain, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of sensitiveness of the' skin to a painful stimulus. jesthesia (al-jes-the'zl-ah) [G. algos, pain, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Hyperesthesia. ;etic. Painful. gid (al'jid) [L. algidus, cold.] Chilly, cold. a. perni'cious fe'ver, a pernicious malarial attack in which the patient presents all the symptoms of collapse, a. stage, a stage in certain diseases, notably in cholera, in which the skin is cold and cyanotic. riomo'tor [G. algeinos, painful.] Causing pain- ful muscular contractions. jiomus'cular [G. algeinos, painful.] Algiomotor. ;iovas'cular. Algovascular. jogen'esis [G. algos, pain, + genesis, production.] The production or origin of pain. 5ogen'ic. Causing pain. ;olag'nia [G. algos, pain, -f- lagneia, lust.] A form of sexual perversion in which the infliction or. the experiencing of pain increases the pleasure of the sexual act or causes sexual pleasure inde- pendent of the act. ac'tive a., sadism, pas'sive a., masochism. 'om'eter [G. algos, pain, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of sensitive- ness to pain ; algesimeter. ;ophily (al-gof'i-U) [G. algos, pain, -I- pMlia,\ ove.] I. Pleasure experienced in the thought of pain or in the infliction of pain upon others or the suffering it oneself. 2. Algolagnia. ;opho'bia [G. algos, pain, + phobos, fear.] Abnor- mal fear of or sensitiveness to pain; odynephobia. algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'li-ah) [G. algos, pain, -|- psyche, mind.] Psychalgia. al'gor [L. coldness.] Cold or the sensation of cold; a chill. algos'copy [L. algor, cold, -|- G. skoped, I view.] Cryoscopy. algovas'cular [G. algos, pain.] Relating to changes in the lumen of the blood-vessels taking place under the influence of pain. Alham'bra Springs, Montana. Alkaline-chalybeate- calcio waters, 90° F. to 134° F. ; twenty-two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheiomatism. constipation, and renal disorders. Alhuelican Spring, Mexico (ahl-wa-le-kahn'). Alkq,- Itne-saline-carbonated waters. Used in chole- lithiasis. Alibert's cheloid or chelo'ma (^-e-ber*) [Jean Louis Alibert, French physician, 1766-1837.] Cheloid. A.'s disease', (i) scleroderma; (2) mycosis fungoides. alible (al'I-bl) [L. alibilis. nutritive.] Capable of nourishing, nutritive, nutritious. alicyclic (al-I-si'klik). In chemistry, having the properties of both open-chain (aliphatic) and closed-chain (cyclic) compounds. a"liena'tion [L. alienare, to make strange.] In- sanity. alienist. One who treats the insane; a specialist in mental diseases. al'ifonn [L. aCa, wing, -I- forma, shape.] Wing- shaped, resembling a wing, pterygoid. al'iment [L. aCere, to nourish.] Food, that which supplies nourishment, nutriment. alimen'tary [L. alimentum, nourishment.] Relating to food or nutrition. alimenta'tion. x. Nourishment, food. u. Providing nourishment, feeding. aUmen"tother'apy [L. alimentum, nourishment, -H G. therapeia, healing.] Dietotherapy, bromato- therapy, dietetic treatment. alinasal (al-1-na'zal) [L. ala, wing, + nasus, nose.] Relating to the alee nasi, or flaring portions of the nostrils. alinement (a-lin'ment). i. The act of bringing into line. ^. In dentistry, the line along which the teeth are adjusted. alinjec'tion [al{cohol) + injection,'] The injection of alcohol for hardening and preserving pathological and histological specimens. aliphat'ic [G. aleipharialeiphat-), fat, oil.] i. Fatty. 2. Noting the open-chain* compounds, most of which belong to the fatty series. Alisma'ces [G. alisma, plantain.] An order of aquatic plants, some of which have edible tubers. alisphenoid (al-i-sfe'noyd) \L. ala, wing, -|- sphenoid.] Relating to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. a. car'tilage, the cartilage in the embryo from which the greater wing of the sphenoid bone is developed. aliz'arin. A red dye formerly obtained from madder, now made synthetically from anthracene, a coal-tar product ; it is an acid stain. alkalescence (al-kal-es'ens). 1. A slight alkalinity 2. The process of becoming alkaline. alkales'cent. Slightly alkaline; becoming alkaline. al'kali [Ar. al, the, + qally, soda-ash.] A strongly basic substance, alkaline in reaction, and capable of saponifying fats. a. albu'min, a derived albtmiin formed by the action of a weak alkali on native albumin; it is not coagulable by heat and is precipitated when the solution is carefully neutralized, a. pois'onlng, milk sickness in cattle; trembles; slows, car'bonated a., one of the carbonates of potassium or sodium, caus'tic ALKALI 32 ALLERGIA, ALLERGY a., potassium or sodium hydrate, or hydroxide. fixed a., lithium, potassium, or sodium hydroxide, as distinguished from ammonium hydroxide, or volatile a. veg'etable a., (i) alkaloid; (2) a mixture of potassium hydrate and potassium carbonate. vol'atlle a,, ammonium hydroxide (ammonia) or ammonium carbonate. alkalim'eter [alkali + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the degree of alka- linity of any mixture. alkalim'etiy. The determination of the degree of alkalinity of a mixture. alkaline (al'kal-in). Relating to an alkali; having the reaction of an alkali, a. earths, the hydrox- ides of barium, calcium, magnesium, and stron- tium, a. leac'tion, the turning blue of red litmus paper. alkalin'ity. The condition of being alkaline. al'kalinize. To render alkaline. alkalinu'ria. The passage of urine of an alkaline reaction. alkalith'ia. Trade name of an effervescent mixture containing lithium; employed in rheumatic and gouty conditions. al'kalizate. Alkalinize. alkaliza'tion. The process of rendering alkaline. al'kalize. Alkalinize. al'kaloid [alkali + G. eidos, resemblance, in allusion to the basic or alkaline property of these sub- stances.] A basic substance found in the leaves, bark, seeds, and other parts of plants, usually constituting the active principle of the crude drug, A substance of similar nature formed in animal tissues. Alkaloids are usually bitter in taste and alkaline in reaction and unite with acids to form salts. According to the usage of the U.S. and Br. Pharmacopeias, the name of an alkaloid terminates in -ina [L.] or -ine [E.], thereby distinguishing it from a glucoside, the termination of which is'-inum [L.] or -in [E.]. cadav'eric a., ptomaine, ezcrementi'tious a., leucomaine. fixed a., a solid, usually crystalline a., containing the elements C, H, N, and O, and not volatile, putre- fac'tive a., ptomaine, tis'sue a., leucomaine. vol'atile a., a liquid a. containing the elements C, H, and N, and volatile without decomposition; coniine and nicotine are volatile alkaloids. alkalom'etiy [alkaloid + G. metron, measure.] Dosimetry, dosimetric* system. alkalosis (al-k&-lo'sis) [alkali + -osis.] A con- dition in which the blood is unduly alkaline, the equilibrium between its acids and bases being displaced in favor of the latter. al'kanet. The root of an herb, Alkanna, or Anchusa, tincioria, which yields a red dye. al'kanin. The red dye from alkanet. a. pa'per, Boettger 's test paper, anchusin paper; filter paper dipped in a 3 per cent, alcoholic solution of alkanin and dried ; alkalies turn it blue or green, acids red. alkap'ton [alkali + G. hapto, I seize.] Homo- gentisic acid, a yellowish red substance some- times present in the urine and giving it a reddish color; believed to be a derivative of tyrosin. alkaptonuria (al-kap-tS-nu'rJ-ah) [alkaplon + G. ouroni urine.] The presence of alkapton in the urine; it occurs often over large periods of time or recurs at irregular intervals, and is sometimes associated with ochronosis. alkar'sin. Alcarsin. alkasal (al'kci-sal). Aluminum and potassium salicylate, an antiseptic and antirheumatic. alkre'sol. Alcresol. al'kyl [alcohol + G. hyW, stuff.] A general term for the alcohol radicals. allachesthesia, allachaesthesia (al"ah-kes-the'sl-ah) [G. allache, elsewhere, + aisihesis, sensation.] A condition in which a sensation is referred to a point other than that to which the stimulus is applied. allaesthe'sia. AUesthesia. allantiasis (al-an-ti'a-sis) [G. allas{aUant-'), sausage.] Botulism; sausage-poisoning. allantochorion (al-lan-to-ko'ri-on). Fusion of the allantois and chorion to form one structure. allanto'ic. Relating to the allantois. allan'toid [G. alias (.allant-), sausage, + eidos, appear- ance.] I. Sausage-shaped. 2. Allantois. 3. Relating to the allantois. a. memTirane, allantois. allantoidean (al-an-to-id'e-an). One of the higher vertebrates, the embryo of which has an allantois. allantoidoangiopagous(al-an"toy-do-an-jl-op'a-gus) Omphaloangiopagous. allan'toin. A nitrogenous crystalline substance, CjHjNjO,, present in the allantoic fluid, the urine of the fetus, and elsewhere; it is also the active principle of Symphytum, or comfrey. allantois (al-an'toys) [G. allas(allant-), sausage, + eidos, appearance.] A fetal membrane developing from the hindgut; internally it enters into the formation of the bladder, externally it contrib- utes to the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta- allantotox'icon [G. allas(allani-), sausage, -I- toxicon, (arrow)poison.] A poisonous ptomaine formed in decomposing satisage. AUegha'ny Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-magnesic- saline waters, 56'' F. Used in nervous affections, hepatic and renal dise^es, constipation, anemia, chlorosis, and general debility. allelomorph (al'e-lo-morf) [G. allelon, reciprocally, -t- morphe, shape.] In Mendelian heredity, one of a pair of characters which are alternative in their inheritance, the descendants exhibiting one or the other of the characters, but not a mixture of the two. allelomor'phic. Noting the characters (in Mendel- ian heredity) which become segregated or sepa- rate from each other; see allelomorph. allelomorphism (al"e-lo-mor'fizm). The transmis- sion by heredity of allelomorphic characters. Allen Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-ferrugi- nous-carbonated waters. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and renal affections, dyspepsia, constipation, and chronic malaria. AU'en treat'ment [Frederick M. Allen, American physician, *i879.] The so-called starvation treatment of diabetes by means of certain days of absolute fasting followed by a spare diet with a limited amount of carbohydrate. AU'en's test [Charles Warrenne Allen, American dermatologist, 1834-1906.] The application of Lugol's solution of iodine to a suspected eruption will produce a dark mahogany stain if the lesion is tinea versicolor. AU'en's test. Upon the addition of a few drops of hydrochloric acid and then one of nitric acid to the suspected fluid, a red color will appear if the fluid contains carbolic acid. allergen (al'ur-jeni [allergy + G. gennao, I produce.] A hypothetical toxic substance in tuberculin, vac- cine virus, and other infectious material, upon the union of which with ergin the phenomenon of allergy depends. allergenic (al"ur-jen'ik). Anaphylactogenic. allergla, allergy (al-ur'jl-ah, al'ur-jl) [G. alios, other, + {en)ergeia, from ergon, work.] An acquired immunity, associated with anaphylaxis in which XERGIA, ALLERGY 33 ALLOTROPY reinoculation causes a renewal of the same infec- tion, but in a manner different from that of the re- action to the primary infection. A clinical change in the capacity of the organism to react to an in- fection or intoxication, following a primary infec- tion; it may be in the direction of immimity or of increased susceptibility. 'ergin. A term proposed by Anderson to denote an antibody characteristic of anaphylaxis, specific Eor its antigen, and thought to be the essential agent in the passive transference of anaphylaxis. esthesia, alleesthesia (al-es-the'zl-ah) [G. alios, other, + aisthesis, sensation.] A form of alla- chesthesia in which the sensation of a stimulus in one limb is referred to the opposite limb ; allochiria. levard, France (al-var'). Sulphureted-carbonated waters; cold. Used in rheumatism, cutaneous diseases, catarrhal conditions, and diseases of women. June i to September 30. iaceous (al-J-a'se-us) [L. allium, garlic] Relating to, or having the odor or taste of, garlic or onion. Tingham's opera'tion [Herbert "William AUingham, English surgeon, contemporary.] Colotomy through an incision parallel to and just above Poupart 's ligament. Tingham's opera'tion [WHliam. A lUngham, English surgeon, 1830— 1908.] Exsection of the rectum through an incision in the perineum alongside the anus extending back to the coccyx. A.'s ul'cer, fissure of the anus. Tis's Inhaler [Oscar H. Allis, Philadelphia surgeon, contemporary.] An apparatus for giving ether by inhalation to induce general anesthesia. A.'s sign, in fracture of the neck of the femur, the trochanter rides up relaxing the fascia lata so that the finger can be sunk deeply between the great trochanter and the iliac crest. itera'tion [L. ad, to, -1- Uttera, letter.] The frequent employment of words having the same initial sound, occasionally noted as a form of dys- phrasia. Tium [L. garlic] A genus of plants of the natural order LiliacecB; among the species are A, cepa, onion, A. sativum, garlic, A. porrum, leek, and A. schcenoprasum, chives. lium (N.F.). Garlic; has been employed in the treatment of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 30 (2.0). ochiral (al-ok'i-ral) . Relating to or suffering from allochiria. ochiria, allocheiria (aro-ki'il-ah) [G. alios, other, + cheir, hand.] A form of dyschiria in which a stimulus applied to one side of the body is referred to the opposite side; allesthesia. lochroic (al-o-kro'ik) [G. allochroos, changed in color.] Changed or changeable in color; relating to allochroism. lochroism (al-ok'ro-izm) [G. alios, other, + chroa, color.] A change or changeableness in color. iochromasia (al-o-kro-ma'sl-ah) [G alios, other, -t- chroma, color.] Change of color of the skin or hair iocoUoid (al-o-kol'oyd) [G. alios, other.] A colloid system made up by a single element (in allotropic forms) ; e.g. , sulphur undergoes several allotropio modifications when heated or when cooled suddenly. oesthesia, allosesthesia (al-o-es-the'zJ-ah) . Allesthesia. og'amy [G. alios, other, + gamos, marriage.] The fertilization of the ova of one individual by the spermatozoa of another, or, in plants, of the ovules by pollen from another flower or the flowers of another individual; cross-fertilization; the opposite of autogamy. allokinesis (al-o-kin-e'sis) [G. alios, other, -f- kini- sis, movement. \ j.. Passive movement. 2. Re- flex movement. allola'lia [G. alios, other, -1- lalia, talking.] Any speech defect, especially one due to disease affect- ing the speech center. allomorphism (al-o-mor'fizm) [G. alios, other, -I- morphe, form.] A change of shape in cells due to mechanical causes, such as flattening from pressure, or to progressive metaplasia, such as the change of cells of the bile-ducts into liver- cells. allopath (al'o-path). i. One who practises medi- cine according to the system of allopathy, a. Erroneously, a physician of the rational or regular school, as distinguished from eclectic or home- opathic practitioners. allopath'ic. Relating to allopathy. allop'athist. Allopath. allop'athy [G. alios, other, + pathos, suffering.] i A system of therapeutics in which disease is treated by exciting a morbid process of another kind or in another part — a method of substitution. ■When, in former times, an injection of strong solution of nitrate of silver was given in begin- ning gonorrhea in order to excite a substitutive, non-specific, inflammation, the gonococcus being unknown, the principle was one of allopathy. 2. Erroneously, the rational or regular practice of medicine, as distinguished from particiilar schools, such as homeopathy or eclecticism. alloplasia (al-o-pla'zl-ah) [G. alios, other, -1- plasis, a moulding.] The replacing of normally domi- nant cell-forms in an organ or tissue by other cell- forms normally latent in such tissue, such as the presence of squamous epithelium in the bladder or of gastric mucosa in the esophagus; heteropla- sia, dysplasia. allopsychic (al-o-si'kik) [G. alios, other, -|- psychl, soul.] Noting the mental processes in their relation to the outer world. allorrhythmia (al-6-ridh'mI-ah) [G. alios, other, + rkyihmos, rhythm.] Irregularity in the cardiac rhythm. allorrhjrthmic (al-6-ridh'mik) . Irregular in rhythm, noting especially the pulse or cardiac action. allosome (al'o-s5m) [G. alios, other, -f- soma, body.] Heterochromosome, heterotypical chromosome, one of the chromosomes differing in appearance or behavior from the ordinary chromosomes, or autosomes, and sometimes unequally distributed among the germ-cells, paired a., diplosome. unpaired a., monosome, accessory chromosome.* allotoz'in [G. alios, other.] An antitoxin or other substance formed in the blood or tissues, which checks the injurious action of a toxin. allotriodontia (al-ot-ri-o-don'sH-ah) [G. allotrios, foreign, + odous(pdont-). tooth.] The growth of a tooth in some abnormal location. allotriogeustia (al-ot-rl-o-jus'tl-ah) [G. allotrios, foreign, -I- geusis, taste.] Perverted taste, one for innutritions and unusual objects, such as earth. allotriophag; (al-d-tri-ofa-ji) [G. allotrios, foreign to the purpose, -I- phago, I eatj The habit of eating unusual, innutritions, or injurious substances, dirt-eating, for example. allotrope (al'o-trop). A substance in one of the allotropic forms which the element may assume. allotroph'ic [G. alios, other, -1- trophe, nourish- ment.] Having an altered nutritive value- allotrop'ic. Relating to allotropy. allot'ropism. Allotropy. . allot'ropy [G. alios, other, + tropos, manner, way.] ALLOTROPY 34 ALPHITOMORPHOUS The existence of certain elements, such as phos- phorus and carbon, in several different forms with unlike physical properties. All'ouez Mineral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- saline-calcic waters, 46° F. Used for drinking in diabetes, Bright's disease, gastric and hepatic disorders, rheumatism, gout, and vesical calculi. alloz'an. An oxidation product of uric acid, C^HjN.O,. allox'antin. A derivative of alloxan, formed in the presence of reducing agents. allox'uT ba'ses or bod'ies [alloxian) + ur(ea).} Xanthine bases.* Certain nitrogenous sub- stances formed by the splitting up of nucleins. alloxuremia (al-ok-su-re'ml-ah) [alloxur + G. haima, blood.] The presence of alloxur bases in the blood. alloxu'ria. The presence of alloxur bodies in the urine. allozu'ric ba'ses. Alloxur bases, xanthine bases.* alloy' [F. alloyer from L. alligare, to combine.] A substance composed of a mixture of two or more metals. allspice (awl'spis). Pimento, the fruit of Eugenia pimenta, a West Indian tree. allyl [L. allium, garlic, -I- hyU, matter.]^ A univ- alent radical, C3H5, which has not been isolated as such, present in garlic, a. al'dehyde, acrolein. a. isosulphocyanate, volatile oil of mustard, de- rived from sinigrin.* a. sul'phide, oil of garlic. a. tribro'mide, trybromhydrin. a. trichlor'ide, trichlorhydrin. allyl'amine. A liquid of sharp caustic taste derived from crude oil of mustard. AlmSn's blood test (ahl-man') [August Theodor Almen, Swedish physiologist, 1833— 1903.] A mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiac and oil of turpentine is added to washings of the suspected stain, and if it is blood a blue color will appear. A.'s rea'gent, a 2 per cent, alcoholic solution of tannin; 1 part added to 6 parts of urine will cloud the fluid if albumin is present. A.'s test for glucose; the liquid to be tested is heated with a solution of caustic soda, Rochelle salt, and bismuth subnitrate; the pres- ence of glucose causes the deposit of a black precipitate. almond (al'mund or ah'mund). The kernel of the fruit of Prunus communis or P. amygdalus. bitt'er a., amygdala amara. sweet a., amygdala dulcis. al'nuin. A substance derived from the bark of the alder, one of several species of Alnus; it has been used as a tonic in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.12-0.3). Al'nus [L. alder.] A genus of small trees or shrubs, the alders, the bark of which possesses tonic and astringent properties in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3- 0.6). AI2O3. Aluminum oxide. alochia (S-lo'kl-ah) [G. o- priv. -I- lochia.'] Absence of the lochia following childbirth. Aloe (al'o-e) [G. aloe.] A genus of plants of the natural order Liliacece. A. chinen'sis, one of the sources of Barbados aloes. A. ferox, a species from which is obtained the aloes used in South Africa. A. per'ryi, the source of Socotrine aloes. A. vera, one of the species furnishing the official aloes. A. vulga'ris, a source of a non-oificial aloes used in the West Indies. aloe (al'o-e) (U.S.). The inspissated juice from the leaves of Aloe vera, A. chinensis, A. perryi, or other species of aloe. a. barbaden'sis (Br.), ob- tained from A . vera and A . chinensis. a. purifl- ca'ta, purified aloes, .prepared by melting and straining Socotrine aloes; cathartic, emmena- gogue, anthelmintic, dose gr. 2-10 (0.12-0.6). a. socotri'na (Br.), obtained from A. perryi. aloes (al'oz). Aloe (U.S. and Br.). Barba'dos a., a variety of a. obtained chiefly from Aloe chinen- sis and A. vera; official in the B.P. Cape a., said to be derived from Aloe ferox; used chiefly in veterinary practice, hepat'ic a., Socotrine a; Natal' a., Cape a.. Soc'otrine a., hepatic a., obtained from Aloe perryi, imported chiefly from Bombay. aloet'ic. Relating to aloes. alo'etin. Aloinimi. alo'gia [G. a- priv. + logos, speech.] Aphasia. al'oin, aloin'um (U.S. and Br.). Aloin, a yellowish crystalline neutral principle derived from aloes; dose gr. ^-2 (0.03-0.12). alopecia (al-o-pe'sl-ah) [G. alopekia, the mange of foxes.] Acomia, calvities, baldness, a. adna'ta, congenital baldness, a. area'ta, a disease of the hair leading to the production of circumscribed patches of baldness, a, Cel'si, a areata, a. cicatrisa'ta, a. foUicularis. a. circumscrip'ta, u. areata, a. follicula'ris, a papular or pustular in- flammation of the hair follicles of the scalp, result- ing in scarring and loss of hair in the affected area. a. furfura'cea, dandruff with falling of the hair; a. pityrodes. a. localis, falling of the hair in cir- cumscribed spots corresponding to the area of distribution of the nerves of the scalp, a. neurit'ica, a. localis. a. neurot'ica, a. of tro- phoneurotic origin, a. pityro'des [G. pityrodes, branny, scurfy], a falling of the hair, of the body as well as of the scalp, accompanied by an abun- dant bran-like desquamation, a. praeseni'lis, baldness occurring in early or middle life without any apparent disease of the scalp, a. seni'lis, the normal falling of the hair of the scalp in old age. a. sim'plex, premature baldness, a. praesenilis. a. symptomat'lca, a. occurring in the course of various constitutional or local diseases, or fol- lowing long fevers, a. universa'lis, general falling of the hair from all parts of the body and not from the scalp only, reflex' a., Jacquet's* disease. aloxanthin (al-oks-an'thin) [aloe + xanihos, yellow.] A yellow substance obtained from aloes by treat- ing with potassium bichromate. Alpena Magnetic Sulphur Springs, Michigan. Saline-sulphureted waters, 67.6° F. to 36.1° F. Used by drinking and bathing in diabetes, vesical catarrh, constipation, rhetunatism, Bright's disease, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, syphilis, and cutaneous diseases. al'pha. The first letter of the Greek alphabet (a). It is employed in chemistry to denote the first in a series of isomeric compounds ; and is similarly used as a classifier in the nomenclature of other sciences, a. leu'cocyte, a. rays, etc., see the prin- cipal word. alphaiodine (al-fah-i'o-din, al-fah-i'o-din) [G. alpha, a,, + iodine.] Term applied by Kendall to the supposed active principle of the thyroid secretion. alpha-naph'thol. A substance obtained from coal- tar and prepared artificially, a colorless crystal- line powder; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever and other conditions in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0), also externally in oily solution, in scarlet fever, erysipelas, and small- pox. al'phasol. Trade name of a proprietary remedy used as an external antiseptic in rhinology and laryngology. alphitomorphous (al-fi-to-mor'fus) [G. alphiton, ALPHITOMORPHOUS ■3S ALUMINUM barley-meal, + morphe, form.] Having a re- semblance to barley-meal, noting certain fungi on plants al'phogen. Trade name for disuccinyl-dioxide or succinic peroxide, alphozone ; a white amorphous substance, germicidal and deodorant in fresh solu- tion or in powder. al'phol. Trade n^me of alpha-naphthol salicylate; antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 8-iS (o-S-i-o)- alphon'sin [Alphonse Ferri, Italian surgeon, 1515- 1595.] A three-pronged bullet-forceps. al'phos [G.] Psoriasis. al'phozone. Trade name for succinic peroxide, alphogen.* alphylarsonic acid (al"fil-ar-son'ik as'Id). An ar- sonic acid to which a radical of the alphyl group is attached. al'phyl group. A group of radicals of the fatty or paraffin series. Alqiii£'5 opera'tion (al-ke-a') [Alexis Jacques AlqwU, French surgeon in Montpellier, 1812— 1865.] Alexander-Adams operation. al'sol. Trade name of aluminum acetotartrate, occurring in colorless crystals slowly soluble in water; a disinfectant and astringent for use chiefly as an application to the mucous membrane of the nose and throat in i or 2 per cent, solution, and as an application to chilblains in 3 per cent, solution. AljCSOp,, (HH,)jSO, -I- 24HjO. Alum. alsto'nia [Charles Alston, Edinburgh physician, 1683-1760.] (B.A.) Dita bark, the dried bark of Alstonia scholaris and A, constricta, trees of trop- ical Africa, Asia, and Australia; bitter tonic, employed in malaria and dysentery in the form of infusion or tinctiire. al'stonine. Chlorogenine, an alkaloid from alstonia, occurs in the form of a brown powder, slightly soluble in water; antiseptic and antipyretic. alter (awl'ter) [L. alterare; alter, other.] i. To change; to make different, to become different. 2. To castrate. alterant (awl'tur-ant) [L. alterare, to change.] Altera- tive. I. Causing a favorable change in the dis- ordered functions of the body or in metabolism. 2. A remedy, such as arsenic, iodine, or mercury, which acts in a way to correct disordered meta- bolic processes and promote repair. altera'tion. r. A change. 2. A changing, a mak- ing different, mo'dal a., in electric irritability, a change in the mode of response of degenerated muscle to galvanic and faradic currents, the con- traction being sluggish instead of quick, qual'- itative a., in electric irritability, a change in which the muscle contracts as readUy on application of the anode as on that of the cathode, quan'titative a., in electric irritability, a gradual loss of contrac- tility in a muscle in response to static, faradic, and galvanic currents successively. alterative (awl'tur-a-tiv). Alterant. alternating (awl'tur-na-ting) [L. alternare, to do by turns.] Occurring in reciprocal succession, noting an electric current the direction of which changes in rapid succession. alths'a (U.S.). Althea, marshmallow, the root of Althtsa officinalis; used in powder as an excipient. a. fo'lia (N.F.), althea leaves, marshmallow leaves, the dried leaves of A. officinalis; em- ployed as a demulcent in dose of gr. 30 (2.0). althose (al'thaz). Trade name of an expectorant pre- paration containing senega, sqmll, and codeine salicylate. Altmann's flu'id (ahlt'mahn) [Richard Altmann, German histologist, 1852-1900.] A fixing fluid containing equal parts of a 5 per cent, potas- sium bichromate solution and a 2 per cent, osmio acid solution. A.'s gran'ules, granules demon- strable by certain methods of staining in the pro- toplasm of normal cells ; their alleged absence in the cells of malignant growths has been thought to be of diagnostic value. A.'s the'ory, that protoplasm is composed of a number of granular elements (bioblasts), grouped in zooglea-like masses, or united by threads, surrounded by an indifferent substance. al'um [L. alumen.] A double sulphate of aluminum and of an alkaline earth or ammonium ; the potas- sium salt is official as alumen in the U.S.P., both the potassium and the ammonium salts in the B.P. Chemically, an alum is any one of the double salts formed by a combination of a sul- phate of aluminum, iron, manganese, chromium, or gallium, on one side, with a sulphate of lith- ium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, caesium, or rubidium, on the other, ammo'nia a., the double sulphate of aluminum and ammonium; altunen (Br.), anunouiofer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sul- phas, burnt a., alumen exsiccatum. chrome a., the sulphate of chromium and potassittm, a violet, pigment, fer'ric a., ferri et ammonii sulphas. iron a., ferric a. potas'sium a., the double sul- phate of alumintmi and potassium ; alumen (U.S. and Br.). alumen (S,-loo'men) (U.S and^ Br.). Alum, potassium alum (U.S.), potassium or ammonium alum (Br.), a double sulphate of aluminum and potassium or aluminum and ammonium; astringent and styptic, employed externally, and occasionally internally in doses of gr. 3-15 (0.3-1.0), or as an emetic in doses of 51-4 (4.0-16.0). a. exsicca'tum (U.S.), dried alum, burnt alum, alumen ustum; alum de- prived of its water of crystallization by heat, occurring in the form of a white granular powder; used externally as an astringent dusting powder, a. us'tum, a. exsiccatum. al'um-hematox'ylin. A purple tissue-stain -used in histology, a mixture of an aqueous solution o£ potassium alum and an alcoholic solution of hematoxylin. Alum Rock Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- carbonatod; also chalybeate waters; two sulphur springs have a temperature of 85° P. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic malaria, anemia, chlorosis, debility, and nervous prostration. alumina (S.-loo'mi-nah) . Aluminum oxide, AliOa. alu'minated. Containing alum. alumin'ium. Aluminum. alu'minol. Alimiinum naphtholdisulphonate, tL white powder soluble in water; employed exter- nally in J to 5 per cent, solutions as an astringent and antiseptic. alumino'sis. A chronic catarrhal affection of the respiratory passages occurring in workers in alum. aluminum (^-loo'mif-num) . A white silvery metal of very light weight; symbol Al, atomic weight 27.1. a. group, five of the basylous dements, glucinum, aluminum, scandium, gallium, and indium, alu'mini hydrox'idum (U.S.), hydrated alumina, aluminum hydrate, a light white powder employed as an astringent dusting powder, and internally as a mild astringent antacid in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4). alu'- minum naphtholdisul'phonate, aluminol. alu'- mini sulphas (N.P.), aluminum sulphate, a. white crystalline mass or powder; employed as a caustic astringent in pencils. ALUMNOL 36 AMAUROSIS alum'nol. Aluminol. Alvegniat's pump (al-van-yaf). A mercurial vacuum pump used to remove gases from the blood, for estimation of the contained amount. al'veloz. The inspissated juice of Euphorbia heiero- doxa, a South American tree, used externally in lupus and cancer and to soften scar-tissue. alveobronchiolitis (al"ve-o-brong"ld-o-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli; capillary bronchitis with involvement of the alveoli; bronchopneumonia. alve'olar. Relating to an alveolus in any sense. a. air, the residual air in the pulmonary vesicles ; its composition is believed to be obtained ap- proximately by breathing back and forth a number of times into a closed bag and then analyzing the air in the bag. a. in'dex, gnathic index.* a. periosti'tis, alveolitis, a. point, see tmder point. alveolectomy (al-ve-o-lek'to-mJ) [L. alveolus + G. ektome, excision.] The operation of opening into a dental alveolus to give exit to retained pus or other fluid and to gain access to the cavity for treatment. alveoli (al-ve'o-li) . Plural of alveolus. a. denta'les [BNA], tooth sockets, a. pulmo'num [BNA], the air-cells of the lungs, the terminal dilatations of the bronchioles. al"veolin'gual. Relating to the alveolus of the lower jaw and the tongue. alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'(le')tis). Pyorrhea* alveolaris, alveolar periostitis, dentoalveolitis, pericementi- tis, Riggs's disease, Fauchard's disease. alveolocondylean (al-ve"o-lo-kon-dil'e-an). Relat- ing to the alveoli and condyles of the mandible, or lower jaw. alye'oloden'tal. Relating to the alveoli and the teeth. alve'olus, gen. and pi. alve'oli [L. dim. of alveus trough, tub.] A small cell or cavity, i. An air-cell, one of the terminal dilatations of the bronchioles in the lungs. 2. An acinus or ter- minal lobule of a racemose gland. 3. One of the honeycomb pits in the wall of the stomach. 4. A tooth-socket, alveolus dentalis. al'veus [L. tray, trough, cavity.] The layer of fibers from the hippocampal fimbria spread out on the ventricular surface of the hippocampus. a. commu'nis, utriculus. a. urogenita'lis, utricu- lus prostaticus. a. utriculo'sus, utriculus. alvine (al'vin) [L. alvus, belly.] Relating to the abdomen or the intestine. al'vus [L. belly.] The abdomen and its viscera A.L.W. Abbreviation for arch-loop-whorl, or Gal- ton's* system of classification of finger-prints. al3nn'phia [G. o- priv. -I- L. lympha, lymph.] Absence or deficiency of lymph. alymphopotent (a-lim'fo-po"tent) [G. a- priv. 4- lymphocyle, + L. patens, able.] Unable to pro- duce lymphocytes or lymphoid cells. alypin (al'i-pin). A synthetic crystalline powder soluble in water and alcohol; a local anesthetic, similar to, but less toxic than cocaine; used in 0.5—2 per cent, solutions; is not mydriatic. Chemically it is benzoyltetramethyl-diamino- ethyl-dimethyl-carbinol hydrochloride. Alzheimer's disease' (ahlts'hi-mer) [Alois Alz- heimer, Munich neurologist, 1864-1915.] Pre- senile dementia occurring usually in persons under fifty years of age, associated with A.'s sclerosis and neurofibrile degeneration. A.'s Bclero'sis, hyaline degeneration of the medium and smaller blood-vessels of the brain. Am. Abbreviation for ametropia, or for mixed astigmatism. A.M.A. Abbreviation for American Medical Association. amaas (ah'mahs). Milk-pox. amacrinal (S-mak'ri-nal). Relating to an amacrine. amacrine (am'a-krln) [G. a- priv. + makros, long + is(,in-), fiber.] A unipolar nerve-cell found in the retina, olfactory bulb, and within the meshes of Purkinje's cells in the cerebellum. amadou (am'S-doo) [Fr. amadouer, to coax.] A substance derived from fungi. Boletus igniarius, Polyporus fomeniarius, and other varieties, found growing on tree-trunks, used as a hemostatic, and when impregnated with saltpeter, as punk. amake'be. A disease of calves in Uganda, caused by a protozoan parasite, Theileria parva, trans- mitted by means of a tick, Rhipicephalus appen- diculatus. amal'gam [G. malagma, a soft mass.] An alloy of mercury with another nietal, regarded as a. solution of that metal in mercury. An amalgam of mercury, silver, and tin is used in dentistry as a filling for carious dental cavities. amal'gamate. To make an amalgam. Amani'ta [G. amaniiai, fungi.] A genus of fungi Agaricus. A. musca'ria, fly agaric* aman'itine. An alkaloid derived from poisonous species of Amanita or Agaricus. ama'ra [neut. pi. of L. amarus, bitter.] Bitters. am'aiil [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] The toxin of Sanarelli's bacillus, B. icterodes, at one time asserted to be the specific organism of yellow fever. amarill'ic [Sp. amarillo, yellow.] Relating to yellow fever. am'arin [L. amarus, bitter.] A name applied to various bitter principles derived from plants, especially to a poisonous substance, occurring in lusterless white crystals, obtained from oil of bitter almond. am'aroid [L. amarus, bitter, + G. eidos, like.] A bitter extractive which does not belong to the class of glucosides, alkaloids, or any of the known proximate principles of plants. amaroi'dal. Resenibling the bitters. Having a slightly bitter taste. amarthiitis (am-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. ama, at once, -I- arthron, joint, -I- -itis.] Polyarthritis. amarum (S-mah'rum) [neut. of L. amarus, bitter.] One of a class of vegetable drugs of bitter taste, such as gentian and quassia, employed as appetizers and tonics. Amaryllida'ces. An order of monocotyledonous plants, the flowers having six, or a multiple of six, stamens and a trilocular inferior ovary; it includes Narcissus, Agave, and certain African plants used as arrow poisons. amasesis (am-5-se'sis) [G. a- priv. -1- masesis, chew- ing.] Absence of mastication. Inability to masticate. amas'tia [G. a- priv. + mastos, breast.] Absence of the breasts. amativeness (am'S-tiv-nes) [L. amare, to love.] 1. Sexual desire. 2. The propensity to love, a faculty located by phrenologists in the back part of the brain. amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis) [G. amauros, dark, obscure.] A total loss of vision without discover- able lesion in the eye structures or optic nerve. a. partia'lis fu'gax, temporary blindness occur- ring in attacks, associated with headache, nausea, and scotomata. sabur'ral a., a. associated with symptoms of acute gastric disturbance, tox'ic a., blindness due to optic neuritis excited by tobacco, alcohol, wood alcohol, lead, arsenic, quinine, or other poisons. AMAUROTIC 37 AMBROSIA amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik). Relating to or suffering from amaiirosis. a. id'iocy, a. fam'ily id'iocy, see under idiocy. amazophobia (§,-niak-so-£o'bi-ah) [G. amaxa, a carriage, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of meeting or of riding in any sort of vehicle. amazia (§.-ma'zi-ah) [G. a- priv. + mazos, breast.] Absence of breasts, amastia. Ambard's con'stant (ahm-bar') [Leo Ambard, Paris physician, contemporary.] Ureo-secretory con- stant ; the relation between the amount of urea in the blood and that excreted in the urine— a measure of renal activity; it is given by the formula: ' P 55 in which Ur means the amount of urea per liter of blood, C the concentration of urea in the urine, D the urea excreted in twenty-four hours, P the weight of the patient. am'ber [L. ambra.'] Succinum; the fossil resin of pine trees found in Northern Europe ; it becomes negatively electrified in friction. The oil is sometimes used as a stimulant antispasmodic in doses of 1515—10 (0.3—0.6). am'bergris [Fr. ambre gris, L. ambra grisea, gray amber.] A grayish pathological secretion from the intestine of the sperm whale; it is used as a perfume, and has been employed as a nerve stimulant in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). ambidez'ter [L. ambi-, on both sides, + dexter, right.] I. Having equal facility in the use of both hands, j. One who can write and do other acts equally well with either hand. embidezter'ity. The ability to use both hands with equal ease. ambideztrism (am-bi-deks'trizm). Ambidexterity. ambidez'trous. Ambidexter (i). ambilat'eral [L. ambo, both, + latus, side.] Relat- ing to both sides. ambileTOUS (am-bl-le'vus) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + IcBvus, left.] Awkward in the use of both hands. ambio'pia [L. ambi-, on both sides, -1- G. dps, eye.] Diplopia. ambisinister (am-bi-sin-is'ter) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + sinister, left.] Ambilevous. ambivalence (am-biv'a-lens, am-bi-va'lens) [L. ambi-, on both sides, + valentia, strength.] The property of having equal value or power applied in either of two contrary directions. ambivalent (am-biVa-lent) [L. ambi-, on both sides, -t- valere, to have power.] Of equal value or power in both directions, a. feel'lngs, emotions of opposite character, such as love and hate, directed toward the same person. Ambler Springs, South Carolina. Light alkaline- calcic waters; two springs. Used for dyspepsia and eczematous cutaneous disorders. amblyacousia (am"bH-a,-koo'si-ah) [G. amblys, dull, + akousis, hearing.] Slight impairment of hearing. amblyapliia (am-ble-af'1-ah) [G. amblys, dull -I- haphe, touch.] Diminution in tactile .sensibility. amblychromasia (am-bli-kro-ma'sl-ah) [see ambly- chromatic] A condition in which, chromatin being scanty, a cell nucleus stains faintly. amblychTomatic (am-bll-kro-mat'ik) [G. amblys, dim, + chrdmatikos, relating to color.] Staining faintly, noting especially a nucleus having but little chromatin. amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'ti-ah) [G. amblys, dull,-l- geusis, sense of taste.] A blunted sense of taste. Amblyomma (am-ble-om'ah) [G. amblys, dull, + omma, eye, vision.] A genus of ticks. A. hebrse'um, a species said to transmit the specific organism of hemoglobinuria in sheep. amblyopia (am-ble-o'pl-ah) [G. amblys, dim, -I- ops, sight.] Dimness of vision, partial loss of sight without discoverable lesion in the eye structures or the optic nerve, a. ez anop'sia, dimness of vision from non-use, occurring in the young as a result of cataract, refractive errors of high degree, etc., which prevent accurate focusing on the retina. color a., incomplete or partial color-blindness postmar'ital a., Bums'* amaurosis, quinine' a., dimness of vision caused by anemia of the retina sometimes following large doses of quinine. toz'ic a., chronic retrobulbar optic neuritis caused by tobacco, alcoholic liquors, wood alcohol, lead, arsenic, and certain other poisons, ure'mic a., loss of sight, without apparent lesion of the retina, sometimes occurring during an attack of uremia. amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o"pI-at'riks) [G. iatrikos, relating to medicine.] Treatment of dimness of vision. amblyoscope (am'ble-o-skop) [amblyo(pia) , + G. skopeo, I regard.] An instrument resembling a, stereoscope, used in training the fusion sense, and habituating an amblyopic eye to bear its share of vision. am'bo [G. ambon, edge of a dish.] The elevation surroimding a joint cavity, such as the glenoid cavity; also the annular fibrocartilage producing this elevation and deepening the cavity. ambocep'toid. An amboceptor with only the complementophil group. am'boceptor [L. ambo, both, + capere, to take.] An antibody with two haptophore groups, cyto^ phil and complementophil; the substance in serum which possesses an affinity for both, the complement and the bacterium, erythrocyte, or other cell upon which the latter acts, and which serves to unite the two so that the lysis or de- struction of the cell may be effected; synonyms: intermediary body, immune body, substance sen- sibilatrice, substance fixatrice, coptda, desmon, preparator, sensitizer, fixative, bacteriolyt'ic a., bacteriolysin, an a. capable of causing bacteriol- ysis in the presence of complement, hemolyt'ic a., hemolysin, an a. capable of dissolving red blood-cells in the presence of complement. immune' a., the a. produced in serum by repeated injections of foreign cells, nat'ural a., the a., present in normal serum. ambocep'torgen. An antigen causing the produc- tion of amboceptor. ambomalleal (am-bo-mal'e-al) . Relating to the ambos, or incus, and the malleus. am'bon. Ambo. am'bos. Incus. Amboy'na butt'on [Amboyna, one of the Spice Islands in the Malay Archipelago.] Yaws am'bra gris'ea. A homeopathic remedy prepared from ambergris, employed in cases marked by forgetfulness and a sense of hurry, sleeplessness from worry, and muscular twitchings. ambrine (am'bren) [P. from amber which it resem- bles somewhat.] A mixture of paraffin with wax and resins, including oil of amber, employed as an external application to burns and frost- bites, ambrosia (am-bro'zhl-ah) [G. the food of the gods.] Rag-weed, Roman wormwood, the flowering tops AMBROSIA 38 AMICRON of Ambrosia artemisicefolia' tonic and astringent; employed in eclectic practice inintermittents, diar- rhea, hematuria, hemorrhoids, and various nerv- ous states, in doses of gtt. 5-10 (0.3-0^6) of the specific preparation of 240 grains to the ounce of alcohol. The pollen causes hay fever. am'bulance [L. ambulare, to move about.] i. A wagon used for the transportation of the sick or wounded. 2. The movable organization, including temporary hospital, medical and sur- gical supplies, surgeons and nurses, and means of transportation of the sick, accompanying an army, and intended for first aid and the care of em rgency cases. am'bulant, am'bulatory. i. Moving about; noting pains and other symptoms which shift about from one place to another. 2. Walking about or able to walk about; noting a patient who is not confined to bed with the disease from which he suffers; noting also the disease in such cases. ambustion (am-bus'chun) [L. atnburere, to scorch.] A bum or scald. ame'ba [G. amoibe, change.] A unicelltilar protozoan organism, of globular shape at rest, but endowed with the power of extruding pseudopodia and of assuming various shapes. Many amebas are parasitic, some pathogenic. See Amceba. amebi'asis. Infection with pathogenic amebas. eme'bic. Relating to, resembling, or caused by amebas. ame'bicide [L. ccsdere, to kill.] i. Destructive to amebas. 2 Any agent which causes the destruc- tion of amebas. ame'biform [L. amcsba. + forma, shape.] Of the shape or appearance of an ameba. amebio'sis. Amebiasis. ame'bism. Amebiasis. amebocyte (S-me'bo-slt) [G. amoibe, ameba, -I- kytos, cell.] A cell, such as a neutrophile leucocyte, having the power of ameboid move- ments. ame'boid [6. amoibe, ameba, -I- eidos, appearance.] I. Resembling an ameba in appearance or charac- teristics. 2. Of irregular outline with peripheral projections, noting the outline of a form of plate culture; see cut under colony, i, B. ameboididity (a-me"boy-did'I-H). The power of locomotion after the manner of an ameboid cell. ame'boidism. The performance of movements similar to those of an ameba, noting a condition sometimes seen in certain nerve-cells. ame'bule. Amoebula. ameburia (am-e-bu'rl-ah) [G. ouron, tirine.] Amoe- buria, the presence of amebas in the urine when voided. amelia (S.-mel'i-ah) [G. ana, up, -f iropos, a turning.] Inverted; in botany, noting an ovule in which the micropyle is turned toward the placenta and the funiculus is attached to the other ex- tremity. anax'on, anax'one [G. an- priv. + axon, axis.] Having no neuraxon, noting certain nerve cells in the retina, described by Ramdn y Cajal. anazotuiia (an-az"o-tu'r![-ah) [G. an- priv. -f azo- turia."] The absence of urea or other nitrogenous compounds from the urine. AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal, or positive-pole, closure contraction. anchorage (ang'kor-ej). i. The operative fixation of a loose or prolapsed abdominal or pelvic organ, z . The part to which anything is fastened ; specifi- cally, in dentistry, a tooth to which a bridge is fastened, the root to which a crown is fastened, or one of the points serving to fix a filling, Anchusa (an-ku'sah) [G. anchousa, alkanet.] A genus of plants of the natural order Boraginacete. A. tincto'ria, Alhanna tinctoria, the source of alkanet, a red dye. anchusin (an'ku-sin). Alkanin, red coloring matter from the root of Anchusa, or Alkarma, tinctoria. a. pa'per, alkanin* paper. anchylo'sis. Incorrect form of ankylosis. Anchylos'toma. Incorrect form of Ancylostoma. ancip'ital, ancip'itate, ancip'itous [L. anceps, two- headed.] Two-headed; two-edged. Ancis'trodon [G. ankistron, fishhook, -f- odous, tooth.] A genus of serpents, including the copperhead, A . contor'trix, and the water mocca- sin, A. pisciv'orus. anconad (ang'ko-nad) [G. anhon, elbow, -1- L. ad, to.] Toward the elbow. anconagra (ang-ko-nag'rah) [G. ankon, elbow, + agra, a seizure.] Gout in the elbow. anconal, anconeal (ang'ko-nal, ang-ko'ne-al). Re- lating to the elbow, a. fossa, fossa olecrani. anco'neus [G. ankon, elbow.] A short muscle with origin from the external condyle of the humerus and insertion into the olecranon and the upper fourth of the shaft of the ulna. anconltls (ang-ko-m'(ne')tis) [G. ankon, elbow, -h ANCONITIS 48 ANEMIA, AN.EMIA -iiis.] Inflammation of the elbow-joint, olecran- arthritis, olecranarthrocace, olecranarthropathy. ancylo'sis. Ankylosis. Ancylostoma (an-si-los'to-mah) . The old-world hookworm, uncinaria.* (See Agchylostoma.) ancylostomiasis (an-si-los-to-mi'a-sis) . Uncina- riasis, * hookworm disease, dochmiasis, Egyptian chlorosis, tunnel anemia, miner's anemia. an'cyroid [G. ankyra, anchor, + eidos, resemblance.] Ankyroid, shaped like the fluke of an anchor, not- ing the comua of the lateral ventricles of the brain and the coracoid process of the scapula. Andernach's oss'icles (ahn'der-nahkh) [Johann Winther V. Andernach, German physician, 1478- 1574.] Wormian bones. An'ders' disease' [James M. Anders, Philadelphia physician, *i8s4.] Adiposis tuberosa simplex. An'dersch's gan'glion (Carl Daniel Andersch, German anatomist, 1732-1777.] Ganglion petrosum. A.'s nerve, Nervus tympanicus. An'derson Mineral Springs, California. Cold Sulphur Spring, saline-stilpho-carbonated waters. Iron Spring. Sour Spring, sulphated-saline-acid waters, 64.3° F. Hot Sulphurous Springs, 145.3° P- Nine principal springs. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and intestinal disorders, glandular congestions, cutaneous dis- eases of tuberculous and syphilitic origin, uterine and ovarian congestion, anemia, chlorosis, dyspepsia, hemorrhages from the lungs, rheu- matism, and chronic joint swellings. An'derson's Scots pill [Patrick Anderson, Scotch physician, 17th century.) A pill variously stated to be the same as pill of aloes and myrrh, a pill of aloes and jalap, and a compound of aloes and gamboge with oil of anise. andi'ra [West Indian native name.] Worm-bark, cabbage-tree, the bark of Andira inermis, a leguminous tree of tropical America; emetic, purgative, and anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). Andral's' decu'bitus [Gabriel Andral, French physi- cian, 1 797-1876.] Position assumed by the patient who lies on the sound side in cases of beginning pleurisy. andrecium, androecium (an-dre'sl-um) [G. aner (andr) , man, + oikion, house.] All the stamens, or male organs, of a flower, considered collectively androgenous (an-droj'en-us) [G. andr, a man, -f gennao, I bear.] Giving birth to males. androg'raphis. (B.A.) Creyat, kiryat, the dried plant Andrographis paniculata, of the order Acanthacea; a stomachic bitter tonic, employed in infusion, concentrated solution, and tincture. androgyne (an'dro-jin). Androgynus, hermaph- rodite. cndrogynoid (an-droj'i-noyd) [G. aner(andr-), man, + gyne, woman, + eidos, resemblance.] A man with hermaphroditic sexual characteristics who is mistaken for a woman. androgynos (an-droj'i-nos). Androgynus. androgynous (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, + gyne, a woman.] i. Hermaphroditic. 2. Hav- ing the characteristics, physical or mental, of both sexes. androgynus (an-droj'i-nus) [G. aner, a man, -I- gyne, a woman.] An hermaphrodite. androgyny (an-droj'i-ni) [G. aner, a man, -I- gynl, a woman.] Hermaphroditism. androl'ogy [G. aner{andr-), a man, -I- -logia.] The branch of medicine which treats of the man and of the diseases peculiar to the male sex. androma'nia [G. aner(andr-), a man, + mania, frenzy.] Xymphomania. Androm'eda. A genus of plants of the natural order Ericacece, several- species of which contain a nar- cotic poison. andropho'bia [G. aner {andr-), a man, -I- phobos, fear.] Insane fear of men, or of the male sex. an"dropho"noma'nia [G. aneriandr-), man, -I- phonos, murder, + mania, frenzy.] Homicidal mania. AnDTe. Abbreviation indicating a tetanic con- traction occurring on application of the anode or positive pole while the circmt is closed; anodal duration tetanus. anec'tasin [G. an- priv. -I- ektasis, dilatation.] A bacterial product which causes vasoconstriction. Anel's method (an-el') [Dominique An^l, French surgeon, 1679-1730.] Ligation of an artery immediately above (on the proximal side of) an aneurysm; see cut under aneurysm. A.'s probe, a probe for the punctum lacrimale and nasal duct. A.'s syr'inge, a sjringe with very fine nozzle for use in injection into the nasal duct. anelec'trode. Anode. anelectroton'ic. Relating to anelectrotonus. anelectrot'onua [anelectrode + G. tonos, tension.] The lessened irritability and conductivity of a nerve in the neighborhood of the anode, during the passage of an electric current through it. ane'matize. To render anemic. anemato'sis, anaemato'sis. i. General anemia. 2. Pernicious anemia. ane'mia, anse'mia [G. an- priv. + haima, blood.] A condition in which the blood is reduced in amoimt (oligemia) or is deficient in red blood-cells {oligo- cythemia) or in hemoglobin {oligochromemia), manifested clinically by pallor, shortness of breath, and palpitation, acute' a., temporary a. due to a copious hemorrhage, a. ijofan'tum pseudoleucse'mica, pseudoleucemia in infants. a. lymphat'ica, Hodgkin's* disease, aplas'tic a., a form in which the formative processes of the bone marrow are in abeyance, chlorot'ic a,. chloranemia. cytogen'ic a., primary a. essen'- tial a., primary a. false a., pseudoanemia. gen'- eral a., a. affecting the entire volume of blood as distinguished from a deficiency in the local supply of a part, glob'ular a., oligocythemia. ground-itch a., hookworm disease, uncinariasis. hemorrhag'ic a., a. due directly to loss of blood. idiopath'ic a., primary or ossential a. infec'- tious a., swamp-fever, intertropical a., Egyp- tian chlorosis, uncinariasis, ancylostomiasis, hookworm disease. lo'cal a., a condition of diminished supply of blood to a part. lymphat'- ic a., Hodgkin's a. malig'nant a., pernicious a. metaplas'tic a., pernicious a., in which the formed elements in the blood are changed. mi'ners' a., ancylostomiasis. neg'ative «., a. marked by the presence of erythroblasts, but without reduction in the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter, pemic'ious a., a form of progressive, usually tatad, a., of infectious or autotoxic origin; it is characterized by a very marked diminution in the number of red cor- puscles and the presence of a large number of meg- aloblasts; the prominent symptoms are languor, breathlessness on slight exertion, muscular weak- ness, f aintness, extreme pallor of skin and mucous membranes, anorexia, diarrhea, and frequently hemorrhages either into the skin (patechia) or from the mucous membranes, po'lar a., a. some- times affecting natives of temperate climes winter- ing in the arctic regions, pri'mtiry a., essential a., cytogenic a., a. occurring apparently as an inde- pendent disease, due to a disturbance in function of the blood-making organs, progress'ive perni'- ANEMIA, AN^.MIA 49 ANESTHESIMETER Clous a., pernicious a. sec'ondaiy a., a. occurring as a consequence of loss of blood, inanition, chronic poisoning, autointoxication, or some local or general disease, sla'ty a., a grayish pallor of the face in acetanilid poisoning and in argyria. spas'tic a., local anemia due to contraction of the blood-vessels of the part, splen'ic a., splenic pseudoleucemia, a disease characterized by en- largement of the spleen, with moderate anemia and reduced percentage of hemoglobin, symptomatic a., secondary a. tiaiunat'lc a., hemorrhagic a. tiophoneuTOt'ic a., a. induced by a profound nervous shock, tunnel a., ancylostomiasis. anemic, ansemic (an-e'mik or an-em'ik). Relating to, caused by, or suffering from anemia. Anemone (an-em'o-ne) [G. anemotie, the wind- flower, from anemos, wind.] A genus of her- ', baceous plants of the natural order Ranunculaceee a. cam,'phor, ptilsatilla camphor, aneinonin.* A. piilsatill'a, see Pulsatilla. anem'onin. Pulsatilla camphor, a white crystalline principle obtained from Anemone Pulsatilla; employed in orchitis and epididymitis, asthma, whooping cough, and bronchitis, in doses of gr. ^ip-lV (o.ooi-o.oos). anem'onol. A volatile oil, possessing markedly toxic properties, obtained from plants of the genus Anemone. anemop'athy [G. anemos, wind, -I- pathos, suffering.] I. A disease caused by high winds. Aerotherapy, anemoph'ilous [G. anemos, wind, + philos, fond,] In botany, noting flowers which are pollinated by the agency of wind. anemophobia (an-em-o-fo'bl-ah) [jG. anemos, wind, phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of draughts or of winds. anemot'rophy, ansemot'rophy [G. atp- priv. + haima, blood, -I- trophe, nourishment.] Atrophy of the blood, anemia from deficient formation of blood. anempiria (an-em-pir'i-ah) [G. an- privative, -H empeiria, experience.] Lack of knowledge or skill acquired through experience. anencephale'mia, anencephalse'mia [G. an- priv. -I- enkephalos, brain, -I- haima, blood.] Cerebral anemia. snencepha'lia [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] Anencephaly, absence of the brain anencephal'ic. Relating to anencephalia, without brain. anencephalohe'mia, anencephaloh^e'mia. Anenceph- alemia. anenceph'alous. Anencephalic. anenceph'alus [G. an- priv. + enkephalos, brain.] A monster without a brain. anenceph'aly [G. an- priv. + enhephalos, brain.] Absence of the brain, or of all but the basal ganglia and cerebellum. anen'terous [G. an- priv. -I- entera, intestines.] Hav- ing no intestine, noting certain parasites. anep'ia [G. an- priv. + epos, word.] Aphasia. anepithymia (an-ep-I-thi'ml-ah) [G. an- priv -I- epithymia, desire.] Absence of appetite or desire. anergasia (an-tir-ga'sl-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ergasia, work.] Absence of functional activity- anergic (an-ur'jik) [G. an- priv. + ergon, work.] i. Lethargic; marked by total absence of energy or extreme inactivity. 2. Relating to, or marked by, anergy. anergy (an'ur-jl) [G. an- priv. -I- (en)ergeia, from ergon, work.] Antianaphylaxis. an'eroid [G. a- priv. + neros, wet, + eidos, form.] Without fluid, noting a form of barometer, with- out mercury, in which the varying air-pressure is indicated by the movement of a metallic disc occluding a chamber exhausted of air. anerythrocyte (an-er'I-thro-sit) [G. an- priv. + erythros, red, + kytos, cell.] Lympherythrocyte, a non-nucleated red cell without hemoglobin. anerythroplasia (an-er"I-thro-pla'zi-ah) [G. an- priv. + erythro(cyie) + G. plasis, a moulding.] A condition in which there is no formation of red blood cells. aneiythroplastic (an-er"i-thro-plas'tik). Anery- throregenerative, marked by anerythroplasia. anerythropsia (an-er-i-throp'si-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- erythros, red, + apsis, vision. ] Red-blindness, inability to distinguish the color red. anerythroregenerative (an-er"i-thro-re-3en'er-a- tiv). Anerythroplastic, noting a condition in which regeneration of red blood cells does not take place. an'esin, an'eson. Trade name of a solution of chloretone. anesthecinesia, ansesthecinesia (an"es-the"sin-e's>- ah) [G. an- priv. -h aisthesis, sensation, -f- kinesis, movement.] Combined sensory and motor pa- ralysis. anesthekrne'sia, ansesthekine'sia. Anesthecinesia. anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of sensation, especially of tactile sensibility, a. doloro'sa, painful a., spontaneous pain in a part in which there is a loss of tactile sensation, crossed a., a. of one side of the body due to a lesion on the other side of the brain, elec'tric a., general anesthesia induced by the passage through the brain of a Leduc* current, gaunt'let a., loss of sensation in the hand, extending from the tips of the fingers to the wrist, gen'eral a., inhalation a., surgi- cal a., insensibility induced by the inhalation of chloroform or other anesthetic, induced' a., temporary a. produced by drugs or other means. infiltra'tion a., local a. induced by the injection of water or of a weak cocaine solution, Schleich's a. insuffla'tion a., insufflation narcosis, a. by insuf- flating a mixture of compressed air and ether into the trachea through a slender tube passed between the vocal cords, lo'cal a., a. of a lim- ited area induced by freezing, the injection of cocaine or similar substance, or other means. mixed a., general a. produced by more than one drug, as that produced primarily by nitrous oxide gas and continued by ether or chloroform. morphine-sco'polamine a., general anesthesia, without unconsciousness, induced by the injec- tion of a mixture of morphine and scopolamine. mus'cular a., loss of the muscle sense, of the power to determine the position of a limb or to recognize a diiference in weights, neu'ral a., local a. induced by the injection of an anes- thetic into a nerve {intraneural) or immediately around it {paraneural), press'ure a., the forcing of ain anesthetic into the tissues, specifically into the pulp of a tooth, by pressure, pri'maiy a., a condition of general a., prior to the occurrence of insensibility, induced by the inhalation of ether or other anesthetic, spi'nal a., (i) circumscribed anesthesia of the integument due to disease of the spinal cord; (2) anesthesia of the lower part of the body induced by the injection of a local an- esthetic into the sheath of the lumbar cord, medullary narcosis, sur'gical a., general a. uni- lat'eral a., hemianesthesia, ve'nous a., local a. obtained by filling a segment of a cutaneous vein, in an ischemic limb, with a solution of novocaine or other anesthetic substance. anesthesim'eter, anesthesiom'eter [G. an- priv. -t- aisihesis, sensation, -f- meiron, measure.] i. An instrument for determining the degree of anes- ANESTHESIMETER SO ANEURYSM thesia of a part; same as esthesiomeier. 2. An appliance for measuring the amount of an anesthetic administered by inhalation. anes'thesin. A white, tasteless, odorless powder, the ethylic ether of para-amido-benzoic-acid ; a local anesthetic ; it has also been employed inter- nally in doses of 3 to 5 gr. (0.2-0.3) to relieve the pain of gastritis and ulcer of the stomach. anesthesiology (an-es-the-zJ-ol'o-ji) [anesthesia + -ology.] The science that treats of the various means of inducing local or general anesthesia and of the accidents and complications of this condi- tion. anesthesiopbore (an-es-the'zl-o-for) [anesthesia ■+■ G. pharos, a carrier.] Carrying the anesthetic action, noting the chemical group in cocaine and other substances upon which the anesthetic effect depends. anesthet'ic, anaesthet'ic. i. Marked by anesthesia, insensible to touch, or to pain or other stimuli. 2. Producing anesthesia. 3. A drug which pro- duces local or general anesthesia, gen'eral a., one which produces general anesthesia, either by injection or by inhalation, lo'cal a., a drug which produces local anesthesia when applied to the surface or injected into the tissues. anes'thetist. One who administers an anesthetic, usually for the production of general anesthesia. an"esthetiza'tion. The induction of anesthesia; rendering anesthetic. anes'thetlze. To induce anesthesia; to render anesthetic. anesthetometer (an-es"the-tom'e-tur). Anesthesi- meter. anes'thol. A trade name for a mixture of ethyl chloride 17.00, ether 56.75, and chloroform 43.25, having a boiling point of 40° C. (104° F.); employed by inhalation for the induction of surgical anesthesia. anesthone (an-es'thon). Trade name of para- amido-ethyl-benzoate, a local anesthetic. anes'thyl. A local anesthetic mixture of methyl chloride i, and ethyl chloride 5. an'estile. Trade name for a mixture of ethyl and methyl chlorides, for use as a general anesthetic. ane'thi fruc'tus (Br.). Dill, the fruit of Anethum graveolens; stimulant carminative in dose of gr. 15 (i.o). The aqua anethi is official in the B.P. ane'thol (N.F.). Paramethoxypropenylbenzene, anise camphor, a derivative of fennel and anise oils; a colorless liquid at temperatures above 23° C. (73.4° F.), below 20° C. (68° F.) a white glistening camphor-like mass; employed as a flavoring substance in doses of iti!2-4 (0 . 13- .26). Ane'thum [G. anSthon, dill.] A genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferm; two species, A. fosnic'ulum, fennel, and A. grave'olens, axe em- ployed in medicine; see anethi fructus and fceniculum. anetiological (an-e-tl-o-loji-kal). Not etiological, not in accordance with the laws of etiology. anetodermia (an'S-to-dur'mi-ah) [G. aneios, relaxed, + derma, skin.] Dermatolysis. aneuria (i-nu'ri-ah) [G. a- priv. + neuron, nerve.] A failure of nerve force; neurasthenia. aneuric (S-nu'rik). Marked by aneuria; of weak nervous constitution. an'eurism. Aneurysm. aneurysm (an'u-rizm) [G. aneurysma, a widen- ing.] A blood-containing tumor connecting directly with the lumen of an artery or formed by a circumscribed enlargement, either axial or lateral, of an artery, ampull'aiy a., sacculated a. a. by anastomo'sis, (i) cirsoid a. ; (2) aneurys- mal varix.* arte"riove'nous a., a blood-contain- ing tumor connecting with both an artery and a vein; when a direct communication between the two vessels exists, without any intervening sac, the condition is called aneurysmal varix; when there is a sac between the two it is called varicose aneurysm, ax'ial a.., one involving the entire circumference of a blood-vessel, cir'soid a., Ligations for Aneurysm: A, Anel's: B, Hunter's; C, Brasdor's; D, Wardrop's; E, Antyllus'. active dilatation-a. consec'utive a., diffuse a. cylin'droid a., tubular a. diffuse' a., one which has enlarged its area and spread to the sur- rounding tissues in consequence of rupture of its walls, dilata'tion-a., general enlargement of an artery; it may be active, due to an actual growth and dilatation of a vessel, usually of a, group of smaller arteries {cirsoid a.); or passive, a simple stretching of the diseased wall of the aorta' or one of its primary branches, dissect'ing a., an a. formed by the escape of blood, through a crack in the intima, into the wall of the aorta or other large artery, leading to a separation of the coats of the vessel, embol'lc a., an a. resulting from softening of the arterial wall at the site of lodge- ment of an embolus, endog'enous a., ^i simple a. resulting from dilatation of the diseased coats of an artery, exog'enous a., one due to trau- matism, false a., a pulsating swelling caused by rupture of all the coats of an artery, with reten- tion of the escaped blood in a sac formed by the surrounding tissues, fu'sifonn a.., an elongated spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery, her'nial a., the protrusion of the stretched inner coats of an artery through a wound in the adventitia. lat'eral a., peripheral a. (i). med'ical a., an a. of one of the internal arteries inaccessible to surgical measures, mil'iaiy a., one of a number of minute sacculated or fusiform dilatations of the smaller cerebral arteries, the rupture of which is a fre- quent cause of apoplexy, periph'eral a., (i) a sac- like a. springing from one side of an artery; (2) an a. of one of the smaller branches of an artery. rac'emose a., active dilatation-a. re'nal a.| renal epistaxis.* sac'cular a., a sac-like bulging on one side of an artery, formed of the middle and outer coats, ser'pentine a., dilatation and tortuosity of an artery, seen sometimes affecting the temporal artery in the aged, sponta'neous a., endogenous a. sur'gical a., an a. of one of the external arteries, which is amenable to surgical treatment, trac'tion a., an aortic a. assumed to be due to the pull of a persistent ductus arteriosus. traumat'ic a., exogenous a. tu'bular a., the uni- form dilatation of an artery along a considerable distance, var'icose a., a blood-containing sac, communicating with both an artery and a vein. ANEURYSMAL SI ANGIOHYALINOSIS aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal). Relating to an aneurysm. aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'ik). Relating to an aneurysm, aneurysmal. aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek'to-ml). Excision of the sac of an aneurysm. aneurys'moplasty. Matas's operation. aneurysmor'rhaphy. Closure by suture of the sac of an aneurysm. aneurysmot'omy. Incision Into the sac of an aneurysm. anfractuosity (an-fral^-tu-os'I-tl) [L. anfractus, wind- ing, crooked.] A brain fissure. anirac'tuous. Sinuous, bending. angei-. For words so beginning, see angi-. Angelescu's sign (ahn-ja-les'koo). In cases of vertebral tuberculosis, when the patient lies on the back, the endeavor to bend the spine, so that he rests on the heels and occiput only, is painful or impossible of accomplishment. Angelica (an-jel'i-kah) [L. angelic ( + herba, herb).] A genus of umbelliferous plants, found chiefly in northern temperate regions. The ripe fruit of A. archangel'ica is listed in the National Formu- lary as angelicae fructus, angelica fruit or seed (dose, gr. 15 or i .0), and the rhizome and roots of A. atropurpu'rea as angelics radix, angelica root (dose, gr. 30 or 2 . o) ; the roots of A. sylves'- tris, wild angelica are also used; the drug is tonic and stimulant in the doses above given. angiectasia, angiectasis (an-jl-ek-ta'sl-ah. an-jl-ek'- ta-sis) [G. angeion, vessel, + ektasis, a stretching.] Dilatation of a lymphatic or blood-vessel. angiectaticus (an-ji-ek-tatli-kus) [see angiectasia.] Marked by the presence of dilated blood-vessels. angiecto'pia [G. angeion, vessel, -f ektopos, out of place.] Abnormal location of a blood-vessel. angiemphraz'is [G. angeion, vessel, -t- emphraxis, stoppage.] Embolism or thrombosis. angiitis, angitis (an-je-i'(e')tis, an-ji'(ie')tis) [G. o«geto», vessel, + -ids.'] Inflammation of a blood- vessel (arteritis, phlebitis) or of u lymphatic (lymphangitis). consec'utiTe a., a. caused by ex- tension of the inflammatory process from the surrounding tissues. angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'(se')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, -f- leukos, white, -{- -iiis.] Lymphangitis. angina (an'ji-nah; usually, though incorrectly, an-ji'nah) [L. quinsy.] i. Sore-throat from any cause. 2. A severe cramp-like pain. a. abdom'- iniSy severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due supposedly to irregular contractions of the blood- vessels of the intestinal walls, a. arthrit'ica, gouty or rheumatic sore-throat, a. cruris, inter- mittent claudication, a. epiglottide'a, inflamma- tion of the epiglottis, a. follicula'ris, follic- ular tonsillitis, a. gangrseno'sa, a. maligna. a. Ludovi'ci or Lud'wig's a., phlegmonous inflam- ■ mation of the connective tissue in the neighbor- hood of one of the submaxillary glands, a.. malig'na, gangrenous pharyngitis; putrid sore throat, a. no'tha, a. vasomotoria, a. parotid'ea mumps, a. pec'toris [L. pectus, chest], severe constricting pain in the chest, radiating from the region of the heart into the left shoulder and down the arm, sometimes into the back and down both arms, accompanied by a sense of cardiac oppres- sion and the apprehension of immediate death; breast-pang. a. spu'ria, a, vasomotoria, a. ulcero'sa, ulcerative pharyngitis, a. urat'ica, gouty pharyngitis, a. vasomoto'ria, a. pectoris in which the breast-pang is comparatively slight, but pallor, followed by cyanosis, and cold- ness and numbness of the extremities are marked, diph'theroid a., Vincent's a. nerve a,, a. severe neuralgic attack due to spasmodic closure of sclerotic arteries of the nerves and posterior ganglia, reflex' a., a. vasomotoria. ulceromem'branous a., Vincent's a. Vin'cent's a. diphtheroid a., ulceromcmbrangvis a.; an ulcero- membranous inflammation of the tonsil, accom- panied by fever and other constitutional symp- toms, due to the presence of Vincent's fusiform bacillus. an'ginal. Relating to any angina, especially to angina pectoris. an'ginoid [angina + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling an angina, especially angina pectoris. anginopho'bia [angina + G. phobos, fear.] Extreme fear of an attack of angina pectoris. an'ginose, an'ginous. Relating to any angina, a. scarlati'na, a form of scarlatina in which the throat affection is unusually severe. angioataxia (an"ji-o-a-tak'd-ah) [G. angeion, vessel, + ataxia, confusion.] A condition of irregular spasmodic variability in arterial tonus. an'gioblast [G. angeion, vessel, -f- blasios, germ.] One of the cells from which the blood-vessels are developed. an"giocar"diocinet'ic, an"giocar"diokinet'ic [G. an- geion, vessel, + kardia, heart, + kinesis, move- ment.] Causing dilatation or contraction in the heart and blood-vessels. angiocardltis (an"jJ-o-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + kardia, heart, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the heart and blood-vessels. angiocar'pous [G. angeion, vessel, -I- karpos, fruit.] I. In botany, noting fungi in which the hjmie- neal layer is disposed inside the tissue of the sporocarp. 2. Having the fruit enclosed. angiocavemo'ma. Angioma cavemosum. angiocay'emous. Relating to the condition present in angioma* cavemosum. angiocholitis (an-ji-o-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + chole, bile, -I- -itis.1 Cholangitis ; inflam- mation of the bile-ducts. angiodermatitis (an"ji-o-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. an- geion, vessel, -{- derma, skin, -j — itis^ Inflamma- tion of the cutaneous vessels. angiodys'trophy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- dys-, bad, -f trophe, nourishment.] A nutritional disorder asso- ciated with marked vascular changes. angiofibro'ma, pi. angiofibro'mata. An angioma with overgrowth of the connective-tissue framework; telangiectatic flbroma. a. contagio'sum trop'- icum, a dermatosis occurring in southern Brazil, marked by an eruption of bright red papules becoming nodules of a violaceous color. angiogen'esis [G. angeion, vessel, + genesis, origin.] Development of the blood-vessels. angiogenic (an-ji-o-jen'ik) . i. Relating to angio- genesis. 2. Of vascular origin, due to arterial degeneration. an"gioglio'ma. A mixed glioma and angioma. an"giogliomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia. angiogliosis (an-jl-o-gli-o'sis). The occurrence of an angioglioma. an'giograph [G. angeion, vessel, -h grapho, I re- cord.] Sphygmograph. angiog'raphy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- graphs, a record.] A description of the blood-vessels and lymphatics. angiohyalinosis (an"jl(-o-hi"al-in-o'sis) [G. angeion, vessel, -H hyalos, glass, + -dsis.\ Hyaline or ■waxy degeneration of the muscular coat of the blood-vessels, a. hsemorrhag'ica, hemophilia due to a congenital degeneration of the muscular coats of the arteries. ANGIOHYPERTONIA 52 ANGIOTRIBE an"giohyperto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hyper, over, + tonos, tension.] A condition of spasmodic con- traction of the arteries ; angiospasm. an"giohy"poto'nia [G. angeion, vessel, + hypo, under, + tonos, tension.] A condition of vascular relaxation; ai^oparalysis, angioparesis. angioid (an'jK-oyd) [G. angeion, vessel, + eidos, resembling.] Resembling blood-vessels. angiokerato'ma, pi. angiokeraio'mata [G. angeion, vessel, -I- keras, horn, -oma.'] A wart-like out- growth of the homy layer of the epidermis seated upon a telangiectatic patch. angiokerato'sis. The occurrence of multiple angio- keratomata. angioleucitis, angioleukitis (an"ji-o-lu-si'(se')tis, an"jS-o-lu-ki'(ke')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + leukos, white, + -iiis.l Lymphangitis. an"giolipo'ma. A mixed lipoma and angioma. an'giolith [G. angeion, vessel, + lithos, stone.] i. A venous calculus, phlebolith.* x. A calcareous deposit in the wall of an artery. angiolith'ic. Relating to an angiolith. angiol'ogy [G. angeion, vessel, + -logia.'j The science which treats of the blood-vessels and lymphatics in all their relations. angiolymphltis (an"ji-o-lim-fi'(fe')tis). Lymphan- gitis. an"giolyinpho'nia [G. angeion, vessel, -1- L. lympha, lymph, + G. -oma.] A tumor composed chiefly of dilated lymphatics. angioma, pi. angio'mata (an-ji-o'mah) [G. angeion, vessel, -t- -oma.] A swelling or tumor due to dilatation of the blood-vessels (hemangioma) or lymphatics (lymphangioma), a. caTemo'sum, cavernous a., cavemoma; a vascular erectile tumor containing large blood-filled spaces due apparently to dilatation and thickening of the walls of the capillary loops, a. cu'tis, an extreme form of nsevus vascularis, hypertrophic nevus, in which the tumor is formed of a network of widely dilated blood-vessels, a. hypertroph'icum, hyper- trophic a., a tumor formed of capillary vessels and of solid cylinders caused by hyperplasia of the endothelium, a. serpigino'sum, infective a., the presence of rings of red dots on the skin, which tend to widen peripherally, due to proliferation, with subsequent atrophy, of the superficial capillaries, a. sim'plex, simple a., a new growth characterized by the formation of new, usually dilated, capillaries with thickened wall due to an overgrowth of the endothelium, a. Teno'sum racemo'sum, the appearance (tortuous swelling) caused by varicosities of superficial veins, infec'- tive a., a. serpiginosum. plex'ifonn a., a., cutis. angiomalacia (an"jI-o-ma-la'sI-ah) [G. angeion, vessel, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the walls of the blood-vessels. angiomato'sis. A condition characterized by mul- tiple angiomata. angio'matous. Relating to or resembling an angioma. angiom'eter [G. angeion, vessel, + melron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the diameter of a blood-vessel. angiomyocardiac (an"jI-o-mi-o-kar'dI-ak) [G. an- geion, vessel, + mys(myo-), muscle, -I- kardia, heart.] Relating to the blood-vessels and the cardiac muscle. angiomyoma (an"jI-o-mi-o'mah) . A mixed angioma and myoma; a very vascular myoma. an''gioiny"oBarco'ma. A very vascular myosar- coma. angioneurectomy (an"jl-o-nu-rek'to-ml) [G. angeion vessel, -h neuron, nerve, -{- ektome, exsection.] 1. Exsection of the vessels and nerves of a part 2. [G. neuron, cofd.] Exsection of a segment of the spermatic cord for the relief of an enlarged prostate or to produce sterility. angioneuredema (an"ji-o-nu-re-de'mah) [G. angeion vessel, + neuron, nerve, + oidema, a swelling Edema due to an angioneurosis, or vasomotor disorder; written also angioneuroaedema. angioneurosis, angeioneurosis (an"jI-o-nu-ro;sis) [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron, nerve, -1- -osis.] A disorder due to disease or injury of the vasomotor nerves or center. , an"gioneurot'ic. Relating to an angioneurosis. angioneuTot'omy [G. angeion, vessel, -1- neuron, nerve, -I- tome, a. cutting.] JDivision of both nerves and vessels of a part. angioparal'ysis [G. angeion, vessel, + paralysis.] A condition of relaxation and loss of tone in the muscular coats of the smaller arteries causing a fall in blood-pressure; angiohypotonus. angiopar'esis. Angioparalysis of slight degree. angiop'athy [G. angeion, vessel, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the blood-vessels or lymphatics. an'gioplany [G. angeion, vessel, H- plane, wandering.] Angiectopia. angiopoietic (an"jl-o-poy-et'ik) [G. angeion, vessel, + poied, I make.] Vasifactive, vasoformative, ' causing the formation of blood-vessels in newly organized tissues, noting certain cells. an'giopressure. Pressure on a vessel for the arrest of bleeding. angior'rhaphy [G. angeion, vessel, + rhaphe, a seam.] Suture of any vessel, especially of a blood-vessel. an"giorrhex'is [G. angeion, vessel, + rhexis, rupture.] Rupture of a blood-vessel or lymphatic. angiosarco'ma. A mixed angioma and sarcoma angiosclero'sis [G. angeion, vessel, -f sklerosis, hardening.] Fibrous disease involving the entire vascular system. an'gioscope. A modified microscope for studying the capillary vessels. angiosialitis (an"ji-o-si-al-i'(e')tis) [G. angeion, vessel, + sialon, saliva, -h -itis.] Inflammation of a salivary duct. angio'sis. Angiopathy. an'giospasm [G. angeion, vessel, -f spasmos, ten- sion.] A condition of spasmodic contraction of the muscular coats of the smaller arteries, causing an increase in blood-pressure; angiohypertonus. an"giospas'tic. Relating to or marked by angio- spasm. angiosperm (an'ji-o-spurm) [G. angeion, vessel, + sperma, seed.] A plant the seed of which is enclosed in a distinct covering, the ovules being enclosed in an ovary and fertilized through the medium of a stigma. an"giosteno'sis [G. angeion, vessel, + stenoo, I make narrow,] Contraction of the blood-vessels. angiosteosis (an"ji(-os-te-o'sis) [G. angeion, vessel, + osteon, bone.] Calcareous degeneration of the walls of the arteries. angios'trophy [G. angeion, vessel, -H strophe, a twist.] Twisting the cut end of an artery to arrest bleed- ing. angiotelectasia (an"jI-o-tel-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. angeion, vessel, + telos, end, -I- ektasis, a stretching out.] Dilatation of the terminal arterioles. angiot'omy [G. angeion, vessel, -t- tome, cutting.] I. Section of an artery or vein. a. Anatomy of the blood-vessels and IjTnphatics. an"gioton'ic [G. angeion, vessel, + tonos, tension.] Increasing arterial tension. anglotribe (an'ji-o-trib) [G. angeion, vessel, + tribo, I bruise.] A crushing instrument, in the shape of ANGIOTRIBE 53 ANGULUS strong forceps with screw attachment, employed to crush the end of an artery together with the tissue in which it is embedded, to arrest hemorrhage. angiotrip'sy [G. angeion, vessel, + tripsis, friction, bruising.] The use of the angiotribe to arrest hemorrhage. angiotroph'ic [G. angeion, vessel, + trophe, nour- ishment.] Relating to the nutrition of the blood- vessels or lymphatics. angitis (an-ji'(je')tis). Angiitis. angle (ang'gl) [L. angulus.] The meeting point of two lines or planes; the figure formed by the junction of two lines or planes ; the space bounded on two sides by lines or planes which meet. al'pha a., the a. between the axis of vision and the corneal axis. alve'olar a., the a. between the horizontal plane and a line connecting the base of the nasal spine and the middle point of the projection of the alveolus of the upper jaw. a. of aberra'tion, a. of refraction. a, of ap'erture, the angle at the focus of a lens formed by two lines drawn from opposite sides of its periphery, a. of conver'gence, the a. which the visual axis makes with the median line when a near object is looked at. a. of devia'don, a. of refraction. a. of in'cidence, (i) the a. which a ray entering a refracting medium makes with a line drawn perpendic- ular to the surface of this medium; (2) the angle which a ray striking a reflecting surface makes with a line perpendicular to this surface. a. of reflec'tion, the a. which a ray reflected from a surface makes with a line drawn perpendicular to this surface; it is equal to the a. of incidence (2). a. of refrac'tion» the a. which a ray leaving a refract- ing medium makes with a line drawn perpendicular to the surface of this medium. • a. of the i'ris» the angle between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye. a. of the jaw« angulus mandibulas TB N A], the a. formed bythelowersurfaceof the body and the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible. a. of the man'dible, a. of the jaw. a. of the pushes, pubic a. a, of tor'sion, the angle formed by two axial planes of a long bone. az'ial a., an angle formed by two surfaces of a body, the line of union of which is parallel with its axis ; the axial angles of a tooth are the distobuccal, distolahial , distoUngital, mesiobuccal, mesiolabial' and mesiolingual (see these adjectives). bas'ilar a., Broca's a., one formed by the intersec- tion at the basion of lines coming from the nasal spine and the nasal point. be'ta a., the angle formed by a line connecting the bregma and hormion meeting the radius fixus. bior'bital a., that formed by the meeting of the axes o{ the orbits. cepharic a.» one of several angles formed by the intersection of two lines passing through certain deter- mined points of the face or cranium. cos'tal a., the a. at which the lower border of the false ribs meets the axis of the sternum. craniofa'cial a., the angle formed by the meeting of the basifacial and basicranial axes at the midpoint of the sphenoethnaoidal suture. fascial a.. Camper's a., the angle made by lines from the external auditory meatus and the nasal spine meet- ing between the upper middle incisor teeth. gam'ma a., the a. between the axis of the eyeball and line of vision. iridocor'neal a., a. of the iris. line a., the line of meeting of two surfaces. metafa'cial a., Serres' a., angle between the ptery- goid processes and the base of the skull. me'ter a., the unit of convergence, the angle which the visual line makes with the median line when looking at an object distant one meter. occip'ital a., Daubenton's a., one formed by the intersection at the opisthion of lines from the basion and from the lower border of the orbit. ophryospi'nal a., the a. formed at the anterior nasal spine by lines drawn from the auricular point and the glabella, Broca's facial a., Jacquart's a., Topinard's a. op'tic a., the angle formed by the meeting of the visual axes. pari'etal a., Quatrefages's a., one formed by the meet- ing of the prolongation of two lines tangential to the most prominent part of the zygomatic arch and to the parietofrontal suture on each side; when the lines re- main parallel the angle is zero, when they diverge it is negative. point a., in dental anatomy the point where three surfaces meet. pu'bic a., the junction of the two rami of the pubes, caUed by some anatomists the corpus or body of the pubes. solid a., point a. sphe'noid a., sphenoi'dal a., (z) Welcker's a., one formed by the intersection at the top of the sella turcica (dorsum sellee), of lines coming from the nasal point and from the tip of the rostrum of the sphenoid; (2) the anterior inferior angle of the parietal bone. ster'nal a.» a. of Louis, angulus Ludovici, the angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. ve'nous a., Pirogoff's a., the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins, toward which converge the external and the anterior jugular and the vertebral veins, the thoracic duct, and the right lymphatic duct. vis'ual a., the a. formed at the retina by the meeting of lines drawn from the periphery of the object seen. Anglesey leg (ang'gl-se) [Marquis of Anglesey, 1768— 1854, for whom the leg was made,] An early model of wooden leg, jointed at the knee and ankle. angor (ang'gor) [L. quinsy, anguish.] Extreme distress or pain. a. abdom'inis, angina abdominis, a. pec'toris, angina pectoris. angostura bark (an"gos-tu'rah) [Sp. Angostura, the " Narrows, " a town on the Orinoco River, whence the bark is exported.] The bark of Cusparia* angustura {Galipea cusparia). angosturine (an"gos-tu'ren). An alkaloid derived from angostura bark; a bitter tonic. Angstrom's law (awng'strem) [Anders Jonas A ngstront, Swedish physicist, 181 4-1874.] A substance absorbs light of the same kind, i.e. of the same wave-length, as it emits when luminous. A.'s scale, a table of wave-lengths of a large number of light rays corresponding to as many Fraunhofer's lines in the spectrtun A.*s u'nit, mi'G'G micron, or .0000001 millimeter. Anguill'ula [L. dim. of anguilla, eel.J A genus of nematode worms. A. ace'ti, the vinegar eel. A. intestina'lis, Strongyloides intestinalis, the para- sitic generation of a roimd worm infesting the intestine in tropical and subtropical countries. A. stercora'lis, Strongyloides siercoralis, the free stage of A. intestinalis, the mature worm of the embryo of the parasitic form. anguilluli'asis, anguillulo'sis. Infestation with Anguillula intestinalis. angular (ang'gu-lar). Relating to an angle; marked by one or more bends, a. ar'tery, the facial artery in the neighborhood of the inner canthus of the eye. a. convolu'tion, a. gy'nis, see gyrus angularis. an'gulus, gen. and pi. an'guli [L.] An angle or corner; see angle, a. cos'tae, costal angle.* a. ir'idis [BNA], angle of the iris, iridocorneal angle, the acute angle between the iris and the cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye. a. iridocomea^is, a. iridis. a. Ludovi'ci, Louis' angle, sternal angle.* a. mandib'ulse [BNA], angle* of the jaw. a. oc'uli [BNA], angle of the eye, canthus. a. o'ris, angle of the mouth, commissura* labionim [BNA]. a. pu'bis [BNA], pubic angle.* a. ster'ni, sternal angle.* ANGUSTURA S4 ANISOHYPERC Y 1 ObiS angustu'ra. Angostura. anhal'onine. An alkaloid from Anhalonium lewinii, occurring in the form of the hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder soluble in water; recommended in asthma and angina pectoris. Anhalo'nium lewin'ii. Mescal buttons, a, Mexican plant, employed in neurasthenia, asthma, angina pectoris, and insomnia in doses of gr. 10-15 (o . 6-1 . o) of the crude drug, or iKi-s (0.06-0.3) of the fluidextract. anhaph'ia. Anaphia. anhedo'nia [G. an- priv. + hedone, pleasure.] Absence of pleasure from the performance of acts which would ordinarily be pleasurable. anhe'la (anhela'tio) clamo'sa [L. anhelare, to pant; clamosus, noisy.] Whooping cough. anhela'tion [L. anhelare, to pant] Shortness of breath, panting. anhemato'sis [G. a»- priv. + haimatosis, a changing into blood.] Insufficient or defective blood formation. anhemolytic {an-hem-o-lit'ik) [G. an- priv. +] haima, blood, + lytikos, capable of loosing or dissolving.] Not hemolytic, not destructive to the blood cells. anhep"atogen'ic [G. a«- priv. + heparQiepat-), liver, + gennad, I produce.] Not produced in or by the liver. anhidrosis, anidrosis (an-hi-dro'sis, an-i-dro'sis) [G. an- priv. + hidros, sweat.] Marked diminu- tion or suppression of perspiration. anhidrotic, anidrotic (an-hi-drot'ik, an-i-drot'ik) . I. Checking perspiration. 2. Anything having a tendency to arrest or prevent perspiration. anhis'tic, anhis'tous [G. an- priv. + histos, web.] Without apparent structure. an^ydremia, anhydraemia (an-hl-dre'ml-ah) [G. an- priv. + hydor, water, + haima, blood.] De- ficiency in the fluid portion of the blood. anhydride (an-hi'drid) [G. an- priv. + hydor, water.] An oxide which can combine with water to form an acid, or which is derived from an acid by the abstraction of water; see basic oxide.* anhydromyelia (an-hi"dro-mi-e'l!(-ah) [G. an- priv. + hydor, water, -I- myelon, marrow.] Deficiency in the spinal fluid. anhydrous (an-hi'drus) [G. an- priv. -|- hydor, water. ] Containing no water. anhypno'sis [G. an- priv. -I- hypnos, sleep.] Insom- nia. anian'thinopsy [G. o«- priv. + ianthinos, violet- colored, + opsis, vision.] Violet-blindness, ina- bility to recognize violet or purple. anidean (an-id'e-an) . Shapeless, amorphous; not- ing a formless monster, anideus. anideus (an-id'e-us) [G. an- priv. -I- eidos, shape.] Fetus anideus; a shapeless monster; a simple, rounded mass with slight indications of parts. anidro'sis. Anhidrosis. an'ilide. Phenylamide, a compound in which an acid radical has been substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms of the amide group. anilin, aniline (an'I-len) [Ar. an-nil, indigo.] Phenylamine, C6H6(NH2), an oily, colorless or brownish fluid of aromajic odor and acrid taste, which combines with numerous substances to form dyes of various colors; it is derived from benzene by the substitution of the group (NHj) for one of the hydrogen atoms. an'iline-wa'ter solu'tion. Koch*-Ehrlich stain. anilinophil, anilinophile (an'1-lin'o-fil, or fil) [anilin + G. philos, fond.] Noting a cell or histological structure which takes readily an aniline stain. anilinoph'ilous. Anilinophil. anilipyrine (an"il-I-pi'ren.) A substance obtained by fusing i88 parts of antipyrine with 135 parts of acetanilide; occurs as a white crystalline powder, soluble in water; employed in rheumatism and influenza in doses of gr. 8 (0.5). an'ilism. Chronic aniline poisoning characterized by gastric and cardiac weakness, vertigo, muscu- lar depression, intermittent pulse, and cyanosis anility (an-ill-ti) [L. anilitas, from anus, an old woman.] Old age in woman. an'ima [L. air, breath.] 1. The soul. :i. The active principle of a drug. an'imal [L.] i. A living and, in the higher orders, sentient being as distinguished from a vegetable or mineral. 2. One of the lower animals as distinguished from man. 3. Relating to the physical as distinguished from the intellectual or psychic part of man. animalcule (an-i-mal'kul) [L. animalculum, dim. of animal."] A minute, microscopic, unicellular animal organism; protozoan. animal'ity. The sum of characteristics distin- guishing an animal from a vegetable organism. anima'tion [L. anim^re, to make alive; anima, breath, soul.] i. The state of being alive. 2. Liveliness, high spirits, suspen'ded a., a tem- porary condition of apparent death, with cessa- tion of respiration. ani'odol. Trade name of a preparation sail to be a I per cent, solution of paraformaldehyde; a clear fluid of an alliaceous odor, employed as a germicide and disinfectant and for the steriliza- tion of instruments. anion (an'i-on) [G. anion, going up.] An ion which carries a charge of negative electricity ; the element which, during electrolysis of a. chemical com- pound, appears at the positive pole or anode. The atoms of iodine, bromine, and chlorine are anions ; in salts the acid molecules are anions. anios (an^-os). Trade name of a preparation of for- maldehyde with phenol, employed as an antiseptic. aniridia [G. an- priv. + iris."] Absence, complete or partial, of the iris; irideremia. an'isate. i. A salt of anisic acid, usually possess- ing antiseptic properties. 2. To flavor with anise. anischuria (an-is-ku'ri-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ischouria, retention of urine.] Incontinence of urine. anise, (an'is). The fruit of Pimpinella anisum; see anisum. Chinese' a., star a., illiciimi. an'iseed. Anisum. anis'ic. Relating to anise, a. acid, a crystalline volatile acid, C,H,Oj, obtained from aniseed; it forms the antiseptic anisates. ani'si fruc'tus (Br). Anisum. a. stella'ti fruc'tus (Br.), Chinese or star anise, illicitmi. an'isine. An alkaloid derived from anisum an"isochromat'ic. [G. anisos, unequal, + chroma, color.] Not of uniform color. anisocor'ia [G. anisos, unequal, + kore, pupil.] A condition in which the two pupils are not of equal size. anisocyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, + kytos, a hollow (cell), + -oiM.] A condition in which the red blood cells are not uniform in size. anisog'tuny [G. anisos, unequal, -I- gamos, marriage.] Fusion of two gametes unequal in size or form; fertilization as distinguished from isogamy or conjugation. anisognathouB (an-K-sog'na-thus) [G. anisos, uneven, -f gnathos, jaw.] Having jaws of ab- normal relative size, the upper being wider than the lower. an"lsohy"percyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, + hyper. ANISOHYPERCYTOSIS ss ANNEALING LAMP above, + kytos, cell.] A blood state in which the number of leucocytes is increased and the normal proportion between the different varieties is disturbed. an"isohy"pocyto'sis [G. anisos, imequal, + hypo, beneath, + kytos, cell.] A condition in which the number of leucoc)rtes in the blood is decreased, the relative proportion between the different varieties being at the same time altered. aniso'ic. Anisic. an'isol. Methylphenyl ester, anisoil; a colorless ethereal liquid obtained from anisic acid. anisoleucocytosis (an"I-so-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [G. anisos, unequal, + leukos, white, + kytos, cell.] Aniso- normocytosis. an"isoine'Ua [G. anisos, unequal, + melos, limb.] A condition of inequality between two paired limbs. anisometropia (an-i-so-me-tro'pi-ah) [G. anisos, unequal,- + metron, measure, + ops, sight. ] A state in which there is a pronounced difference in the power of refraction between the two eyes. anisometrop'ic. i. Relating to anisometropia. 2. Having eyes markedly unequal in refractive power. an"isonor"inocyto'sis [G. anisos, unequal, + L. norma, rule, + G. kytos, cell.] A condition in which the number of leucocytes in the blood is normal, but the relation in numbers of the differ- ent forms is abnormal. aniso'pia [G. anisos, unequal, + dps, sight.] A condition of inequality in visual power between the two eyes. anisospore (an'I-so-spor) [G. anisos, unequal, + sporos, seed.] A sexual cell uniting with one of the opposite sex by conjugation to form a new organism, as distinguished from the nonsexual cell, or isospore. an"isoste'monous [G. anisos, uneven, + siemon, stamen.] In botany, noting a flower in which the number of stamens is less than that of the parts of the corolla or of the petals. an"isosthen'ic [G. anisos, unequal, + sihenos, strength.] Of unequal strength, noting two muscles or groups of muscles either paired or antagonists. anisotonic (an-i-so-ton'ik) [G. anisos, unequal, + tonos, tone.] Not having equal tension; having unequal osmotic pressure. asisot'ropal, anisotrop'ic, amsot'ropous [G. anisos, unequal, + tropos, a turning.] 1. Not equal in all directions. 2. Unequal in refracting power. ani'sum (U.S.), ani'si fruc'tus (Br.) [G. anison, anise, dill.] Anise, the fruit of Pimpinella anisum; aromatic and carminative. The aqua, oleum, and spiritus are official. anisu'ria [G. an- priv. + isos, equal, + ouron, urine.] Excretion of urine at varying rates, as measured from hour to hour. anitrogenous (a"ni-troj'en-us). Non-nitrogenous. ankis'trodon. Ancistrodon. ankle (ang'kl) [A.S. ancleow.] ±. The ankle-joint, a. The leg between the foot and the swell of the calf. onk'le-bone. Talus,* astragalus. ankle-clo'nus. A rhythmical contraction of the calf muscles following a sudden passive dorsal flexion of the foot, the leg being semiflexed. ank'le-jerk. Ankle reflex.* ankle-joint'. Articulatio talocruralis, articulation between the tibia and fibula and the astragalus. ankle-re'flex. See under reflex. ankyloblepharon (ang-ki-lo-blef'ar-on) [G. ankyle, a stiff joint (ankylos, bent), + blepharon, eyelid.] Adhesion of the eyelids to each other. ankylochilia (ang-ki-lo-ki'U-ah) [G, ankyle, a stiff joint {ankylos, bent), -f- eheilos, lip.] Adhesion of the lips to each other. ankylocolpos (ang-ki-lo-kol'pos) [G. ankyle, stiff joint {ankyhs, bent), -1- kolpos, gulf (vagina).] Adhesion of the walls of the vagina. ankylodactylia (ang-ki-lo-dak-til'I-ah) [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), + daktylos, finger.] Adhesion between two or more fingers or toes. ankyloglossia, ankyloglossum (ang-ki-lo-glos'I-ah, ang-ki-lo-glos'um) [G. ankyle, stiff joint {ankylos, bent), -1- gZoiia, tongue.] Adhesion of the tongue to any part of the mouth, specifically, abnormal shortness of the frenum lingUK tongue-tie. ankylomele (ang-ki-lo-me'le) [G. ankylos, bent.] 1. A curved or bent probe. 2. Fusion of the legs. ankyloproctia (ang-ki-lo-prok'sW-ah) [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), -1- proktos, anus.] Imperforation or stricture of the anus. ankylosed (ang'ki-lozd) Stiffened, bound by adhesions, noting a joint in a state of ankylosis. ankylosis (ang-ki-lo'sis) [G. ankylosis, stiffening of a joint.] Stiffening or fixation of a joint, bony a., true a., osseous union between the bones form- ing a joint, extracap'sular a., stiffness of a joint due to induration of the surrounding tissues. false a., fibrous a. fi'brous a., stiffening of a joint due to the presence of fibrous bands between the bones forming the joint, intracap'sular a., stiffness of a joint due to the presence of bony or fibrous adhesions between the bones forming the joint, ligamen'tous a., fibrovis a. spu'rious a., extracapsular a. true a., bony a. Ankylos'toma [G. ankylos, hooked, -H stoma, mouth.] Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, * Dochmius. ankylos'toma [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), + stoma, mouth.] Trismus,* lockjaw. ankylostomi'asis. Uncinariasis, * ancylostomiasis, dochmiasis, hookworm disease, tunnel-anemia, miner's anemia, Egyptian chlorosis, St. Gothard disease. ankylotia (ang-ki-lo'shyah) [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), -I- ous(dt-), ear.] Imperforation or stenosis of the external auditory meatus. ankylotome (ang'ki-lo-tom) [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), -1- tomos, cutting.] A cutting instrument for separating abnormally adherent surfaces; specifically an instrument for cutting the frenum linguae for the relief of tongue-tie. ankylot'omy [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), -I- tome, a cutting.] The division of abnormal adhesions between opposing surfaces; specifically division of the frenum linguae for the relief of tongue-tie. ankylurethria (ang-kil-u-re'thri-ah) [G. ankyle, stiff joint (ankylos, bent), + ourethra, urethra.] Im- perforation or stricture of the urethra. ankyroid (ang'ki-royd) [G. ankyra, hook, + eidos, shape.] Hook-shaped. anlage (ahn'lah-gheh) [German.] Proton, pri- mordium. Ann'am ul'cer. Oriental boil.* An'nandale's opera'tion [Thomas Annandale, Scotch surgeon, 1838-1907.] i. Exsection of the inters nal condyle of the femur for knock-knee. 2. Fixation by sutures of a loose cartilage in the knee-joint. annatt'o. Amotto. anneal (S-nel) [A.S. anaelan, to bum.] In dentis- try, to heat the gold leaf preparatory to its in- sertion into a cavity, in order to soften it and make it aseptic. anneal'ing lamp. A small alcohol lamp used by ANNEALING LAMP 56 AJNUUYJMJ!- dentists for heating the gold leaf in the operation of filling a tooth-cavity., annez'a [L. annectare, to tie on, annex.] Append- ages, parts accessory to the main organ or struc- ture, a. oc'uli, the eyelids, lacrymal glands, etc., associated with the eyeball, a. u'teri, uterine appendages, the Fallopian tubes and ovaries. annexal (an-neks'al). Relating to the annexa. annexitis (an-neks-i'(e')tis) [L. annexa + G. -tits.] Inflammation of the uterine appendages, one or both ovaries and oviducts, 1 annex'opexy [L. annexa + G. pexis, a putting together.] The operation of attaching the ovary and oviduct, on one or both sides, to the anterior abdominal "wall. annott'o. Amotto. ann'ual [L. annus, a year.] i. Relating to a year, yearly, once a year. a. A plant the root of which dies with the coming of frost, and which must be propagated anew each spring irom. seed or bulb. ann'uens [L. annuere, to nod to.] Musculus rectus capitis anterior. ann'uent. Nodding, noting the annuens* muscle. annu'itant. The designated person to whom an annuity is paid. annu'ity [Fr. annuitl; L. annus, year.] A definite sum of money paid annually to a designated per- son, a. certain, an a. paid for a specified number of years to the beneficiary of a life-insurance policy or to his heirs in lieu of the payment of the full amount of the policy at death, contin'- gent a., one which is to terminate on the occur- rence of some specified event, such as the mar- riage of the annuitant, deferred' a., an a., the payments of which do not begin until some time in the future specified in the contract, joint a., one in which two or more persons participate and which is terminated by the death of any one of the annuitants, life a., an a. continued until the death of the annuitant, a. on the last survi'vor, one in which two or more persons partic- ipate and which is terminated only on the death of the last siuivivor. perpet'ual a., an a., to be paid for all time to the annuitant and to his heirs after his death, survi'voiship a., an a. paid to a designated person, called the nominee, in case he survive the holder of an insurance policy which contains such a provision as part of the contract, tem'porary a., one which ter- minates after a specified number of payments have been made, or earlier if the annuitant dies. value of the a., the net cost of an a., that is, the net amount which must be paid therefor in one sum. ann'ular [L. annulus, ring.] Ring-shaped, circular. annulorrhaphy (an-u-lor'S-fl) [L. annulus, ring, + G. raphe, seam.] Closure of a, hernial ring by suture. ann'ulus [L.] A ring; a circular or ring-shaped structure, a. abdomina'lis, the internal or exter- nal opening of the inguinal canal, a. inguinalis abdominalis or a. inguinalis subcutaneus. a. cilia'ris, the periphery of the iris. a. crura'lis, a. femoralis. a. conjuncti'vao [BNA], conjunc- tival ring, a narrow ring at the junction of the periphery of the cornea with the conjunctiva. a. femora'lis [BNA], crural or femoral ring; the upper opening of the femoral canal, bounded in front by Poupart's ligament, behind by the pectineus muscle, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, and externally by the femoral vein. a, fibrocartilagin'eus membra'nse tym'pani [BNA], fibrocartilaginous ring of the drum membrane, the thickened portion of the cir- cumference of the membrana tympani which is fixed in the sulcus tympanicus. a. fibro'sus, one of two fibrous rings surrounding the atrioventricular orifices, circulus callosus Halleri. a. fibro'sus fibrocartilag'inis inter- vertebra'lis [BNA], the fibrous ring forming the circumference of the intervertebral fibrocarti- lage. a. htemorrhoidalis, a circular elevation at the termination of Morgagni's rectal columns, corresponding to the location of the external sphincter muscle; it contains the venous anasto- moses of the hemorrhoidal plexus, a. inguina'lis abdominalis [BNA], internal abdominal ring, the entrance to the inguinal canal, about half an inch above the center of Poupart 's ligament, a. ingui- na'lis subcuta'neus [BNA], external abdominal ring, an opening in the aponeurosis of the obliquus extemus just above the spine of the pubis, which transmits the spermatic cord in the male, the round ligament of the uterus in the female. a. ir'idis, ring of the iris, one of two zones on the anterior surface of the iris, separated by a circu- lar line concentric with the pupillary border; the u. iridis minor is the inner of the two zones and is much narrower than the other, a. iridis major, u. mi'grans lin'guce, geograph- ical tongue.* a. ova'lis, limbus* fossae ovalis [BNA]. a. prseputia'lis, the line of junction of skin and mucous membrane at the anterior extremity of the prepuce- a. trache'se, one of the cartilaginous rings of the trachea, a. tendin'eus commu'nis [BNA], ligament of Zinn. * a. tympan'icus, tympanic ring, a more or less com- plete bony ring at the inner end of the external auditory meatus, giving attachment to the drum membrane. a. umbilicalis, umbilical ring, an opening in the linea alba through which pass the umbilical vessels in the fetus; it is at first near the pubis, but gradually ascends to the center of the abdomen; it is closed in the adult, its site being indicated by the umbilicus or navel, a. urethra'lis, a thickening of the middle muscular coat of the bladder around the urethral opening, forming the sphincter vesicae muscle. AnOC. Abbreviation for anodal, or positive pole, opening contraction. anochlesia (an-6-kle'zi-ah) [G. an- priv. + ochlesis, disturbance.] i. Catalepsy. 2. Quietude. anochromasia (an"o-kro-ma'sI-ah). Achromasia(3). anoci-association (i-no'sl-as-so-sl-a'shun) [G. a, priv.] A condition in which all noci*-associa- tions are excluded, thus preventing fear, pain, shock, and postoperative netaroses in cases of surgical operations or trauma. anociation (&-no-si-a'shun) . Anoci-association. anococcygeal (a-no-kok-sij'e-al). Relating to both anus and coccyx, a. body, a mass of fibrous and muscular tissues lying between the anus and coccyx, a. lig'ament, a band of fibrous tissue connecting the external sphincter ani and the tip of the coccyx. an'odal. Relating to the anode. anode (an'ad) [G. anodos, a way up.] The positive pole of a galvanic battery or the electrode con- nected with it; the point at which a voltaic cur- rent enters an electrolyte. ano'dic. Relating to the anode; electronegative. anod'mia [G. an- priv. -I- odme, stench.] Anosmia. anodontia (an-o-don'shyah) [G. an- priv. -H odous (odont-), tooth.] Absence of teeth. anodyne (an'o-din) [G. an- priv. -f- odyne, pain.] I. Quieting pain. 2. An agent which has the power to relieve pain. Hofi'nuinn's a., see under Hoffmann. ANODYNIA 57 ANSA anodyn'ia. Freedom from or cessation of pain. anoesia (an-o-e'sl-ah) [G. anoesia, from a- priv. + noos, perception.] Idiocy, imbecility, lack of the power of comprehension. anoetic (an-o-et'ic). i. Relating to or suffering from anoesia. 2. Incomprehensible. anoia (an-oy'ah) [G. anoia, from a- priv. + noos, understanding.] Anoesia. anomaloscope (an-om'al-o-sk5p) [G. anomalos, irregular, + shaped, I examine.] An instrument in the form of a telescope, employed for the de tection of color blindness; i.e. of dichromatism and of anomalous trichromatism. anomalot'rophy [G. anomalos, irregular, + trophe, nourishment.] Abnormality in the nutritive processes. anom'alous \a,ndmalo&, irregidar] Abnormal, un- usual, irregular. anomaly (S-nom'S-li) [G. anomalia, irregularity.] Anything unusual or irregular or contrary to the general rule. ano'mia [G. o- priv. + onotna, name.] Optic aphasia, inability to name objects, although they are subjectively perceived. anonycliia (an-o-nikl-ah) [G. an- priv. + onyx {onych-), nail.] Absence of the nails. anon'ymous [G. anonymos, from an- priv. + onyma, flame.] Nameless, a. ar'tery, arteria anonyma. a. veins, venas anonymse. anoopsia (an-o-op'sJ-ah) [G ano, upward, + opsis, vision.] Hyperphoria. Anopheles (an-of'e-lez) [G. anopheles, useless, harm- ful.] A genus of mosquitos of the family Culi- cidm, subfamily Anophelina. The sporogenous cycle of the malarial parasite is passed in the body cavity of a female mosquito of certain species of this genus. A. albima'nus [L. albus, white, + manus, hand], a species having white hind feet, a common carrier of the malarial parasite. A* maculipen'niB, the type species of this genus; the wings are marked by spots formed of col- lections of scales; one of the most widely spread species and active in the dissemination of the malarial germ. A. punctipen'nis, a species which apparently does not transmit the malaria germ. anophelicide (an-S-fel'I-sid) [anopheles + L. cadere, to kill.] An agent which is destructive to the anopheles mosquito. anophelifuge (an-6-fel'I-fuj) [anopheles + L. fugare, to chase away.] An agent which drives away or prevents the bite of anopheles mosquitos. anoph'elism. The habitual presence in any region of anopheles mosquitos. anopho'ria [G. ano, upward, + pharos, tending.] Hyperphoria. anophthalmia (an-of-thal'mi-ah) [G. an- priv. -I- ophthalmos, eye.] Congenital absence of one or both eyes. a. cyclo'pica, a condition in which the eyes and the orbits are rudimentary and fused together. anophthal'mog. Anophthalmus (i). anophtfaal'mus [G. an- priv. + aphthalmos, eye.] 1. Congenital absence of an eye, its place being taken by a small solid or cystic body. ^. A monster without eyes. ano'pia [G. an- priv. + dps(dp-) eye.] i. Anoph- thalmia. 2. Anopsia. 3. [G. and, upward.] Hyperphoria. anop'sia [G. an- priv. + opsis, sight.] i. Non-use of the faculty of vision, such as occurs in the case of prisoners confined in dark cells, or results from cataract or high degrees of refractive errors or from the disuse of one eye in marked strabis- mus; it results in amblyopia. 2. Anoopsia. anorchidism, anorchism (an-or'ki-dizm, an'or- kizm) [G. an- priv. -|- orchis, testis.] Absence or failure of descent of the testicles. anorchus (an-or'kus) . A male without testicles in the scrotum, either through lack or through fail- ure of descent. anorec'tal. Relating to both anus and rectum. anorexia (an-o-rek'si-ah) [G. an- priv. -1- orexis, appetite.] Loss of appetite, a. nervo'sa, a condition marked by loss of appetite with loss of weight, accompanied by delusions and marked hysterical symptoms. anorthog'raphy [G. an- priv. .+ orthos, straight, + grapho, I write,] Agraphia, especially motor agraphia. anortho'pia [G. an- priv. + orthos, straight, + ops (dp-), eye.] Heterophoria. a'noscope [L- anus + G. shaped, I view.] Anal speculum, an instrument to facilitate inspection of the anal canal. anosmat'ic. Relating to anosmia. anosmia (an-oz'mi-ah) [G. an- priv. + osme, sense of smell.] A loss of the sense of smell. It may be essential or true, due to lesion of the olfactory nerve; mechanical or respiratory, due to obstruc- tion of the nasal fossae; reflex, due to disease in some other part or organ; functional, without any apparent causal lesion. anosmic (an-oz'mik). Without the sense of smell. anosodiaphoria (a-no"so-di-&-for'i-ah) [G. a- priv. -|- nosos, disease, -j- diaphoria, difference.] Indifference, real or assumed, regarding the presence of disease, specifically of paralysis. anosognosia (S.-no"sog-no'si-ah) [G. o- priv. -f nosos, disease, + gnosis, knowledge.] Ignor- ance, real or feigned, of the presence of disease, specifically of paralysis. anosphra'sia [G. an- priv. + asphrasia, smell.] Anosphresia, anosmia.* anosphre'sia [G. an- priv. + osphresis, smell.] Anosphrasia, anosmia.* anospinal (a-no-spi'nal). Relating to the center in the spinal cord which controls the contraction of the anal sphincter. anosto'sis [G. an- priv. -f osteon, bone.] Failure of ossification. anotia (an-o'shyah) [G. an- priv. + ous(oi-), ear.] Congenital absence of the pinna of the ear. anotro'pia [G. and, up, -I- trope, a turning.] Upward squint, hyperphoria. anotus (an-o'tus) [G. an- priv. + ous(dt-), ear.] A monster without ears, external or internal. anovesical (a-no-ves'i-kal). Relating in any way to both anus and urinary bladder. anoxe'mia, anoxae'mia [G. an- priv. + E. oxygen + G. haima, blood.] Deficient aeration of the blood. anoxhe'mia, anoxhse'mia. Anoxemia. anoxyemia, anoxysemia (an-oks-e-e'ml-ah). An- oxemia. an'ozol. Trade name of a mixture of thymol and iodoform, used in surgical dressings as a substi- tute for the latter. an'sa, gen. and pi. an'sce [L. handle of a jug.] Any anatomical structure in the form of a loop or an arc, specifically one of the anastomosing loops between the posterior spinal nerve roots, espe- cially of the cervical nerves. 2. A small wire loop used in bacteriological technique, a. cap'itis, the zygomatic arch. a. hypoglos'si, loop of the ANSA S8 ANTEROLATERAL hypoglossal nerve, a commtinicating branch, sometimes two, on each side, from the descend- ing ramus of the hypoglossus nerve and the cervical nerves, a. lenticula'ris, lenticular ansa or loop, a group of fibers of the thalamic radiation, emerging from the anterior portion of the inferior aspect of the thalamus and passingto the lenticular nucleus, an'sae nervo'rum spina'Iium [BNA], loops of the spinal nerves, connecting branches between the anterior spinal nerves, a. pedun- cula'iis, peduncular ansa or loop, a group of fibers of the thalamic radiation emerging from the under surface of the anterior part of the thalamus and passing outward below the lenticu- lar nucleus to the cortex of the temporal lobe and the insula; it. includes the lenticular loop and fibers of the inferior peduncle of the thala- mus, a. sacra'lis, a nerve cord connecting the sympathetic nerve trunk and the ganglion impar. a. subcla'via, subclavian loop, loop of Vieussens, the cord connecting the middle and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic, which winds around the anterior and inferior aspects of the subclavian artery. anserine (an'sur-in) [L. anser, goose.] Relating to or resembling a goose or any part of one; see cutis anserina and pes anserinus, Anstie's rule [Francis Edmund Anstie, English physician, 1833-1874.] The greatest amount of alcoholic beverages which a man with sound organs may take daily without injury is the equiv- alent of ij otuices of absolute alcohol. A.'s test, for alcohol in the urine; a mixture of potassium bichromate i, sulphuric acid 300, is added a drop at a time, when a green color appears if alcohol is present. antacid (ant-as'id) [G. anti, against, + L. acidum, acid.] I. Neutralizing an acid. 2. Any agent which reduces or neutralizes the acidity of the gastric juice or any other secretion. antacidin (ant-asT-din). Calcii* saccharas antag'onism [G. aniagonismos, from anti, against, -f agonizomai, I fight.] Opposition, mutual resistance; noting mutual opposition in action between muscles, drugs, diseases, or physio- logical processes or between drugs and diseases or drugs and physiological processes. antag'onist. That which opposes or resists the action of another; noting certain muscles, drugs, etc., which tend to neutralize or impede the action or eifect of other muscles, etc asso'ciated a., one of two muscles or groups of muscles which pull in nearly opposite directions, but which, when acting together, move the part in a path between their diverging lines of action. antag'onize. To neutralize, prevent action, or destroy effect. antalge'sic [G. anti, against, + algesis, pain.] ' Anodyne. antal'gic [G. anti, against, + algos, pain.] Anodyne. antal'kaline [G. anti, against.] Reducing or neu- tralizing alkalinity. antaphrodisiac (anf'af-ro-diz'J-ak) [G. anti, against, + aphrodisiakos , sexual.] Anaphrodisiac. antaphrodit'ic. 1. Anaphrodisiac. a. Antivenereal. antapoplec'tic [G. anti, against.] Having a supposed power to prevent apoplexy or relieve its effects. ant"arthrit'ic [G. anti, against, -I- arthritikos, grav- ity.] I. Relieving gout .e. A remedy for gout. antasthen'ic [G. anti, against, + astheneia, weak- ness.] Strengthening, invigorating, or an agent possessing such qualities. anfasthmafic [G. anti, against.] x. Tending to relieve or prevent asthma. 2. An agent which prevents or arrests an asthmatic attack. antatroph'ic [G. anti, against, -f- atrophia.] j.. Preventing or curing atrophy. 2. An agent which promotes the restoration of atrophied structures. antebrachial (an'te-brald-al). Relating to the fore- arm. antebrachium (an-te-brald-um) [L. ante, before, -t- brachium, arm.] Forearm; also written anti- brachium. antecar'dium. Prscordium. an'te ci'bum [L.] Before a meal. antecor'nu. Anterior comu or horn, specifically the anterior comu of a lateral ventricle of the brain. antecuTiital [L. ante, before, -I- cubitum, elbow.] In front of the elbow, a. space, the triangular hollow on the anterior surface of the elbow. antecur'vature. Anterior curvature, anteflexion. antefebrile (an-te-fe'brll, an-te-feb'ril) [L. ante, before, + febris, fever.] Before the occurrence of fever; before the period of reaction following shock. anteflect' [L. ante, before, + flectere, to bend.] To bend forward, or cause to bend forward an"teflec'ted. Anteflexed. anteflec'tion. Anteflexion. anteflex'. Anteflect. anteflexed (an-te-fleksf) . In a state of ante- flexion. anteflex'io u'teri. See anteflexion. anteflex'ion, A bending forward; a sharp forward curve or angulation; noting especially a forward bend in the uterus at the junction of body and neck anteloca'tion [L. ante, before, -(- locare, to place.] Forward displacement of an organ or other part ; noting especially the anterior displacement as a whole, without flexion or version, of the uterus. antemet'ic [G. anti, against, -I- emetikos, emetic] I. Preventing or arresting vomiting. 2. A remedy which tends to control nausea and vomiting. an'te moi'tem [L.] Before death, contrasting with post mortem, after death. antenatal (an-te-na'tal) [L. ante, before, -I- natus, birth.] Occurring or existing before the birth of the individual. antenna, pi. antenn'iB (an-ten'ah) [L. a sail-yard.] A feeler, one of the two lateral appendages pro- jecting forward from the anterior segment of the head of an arthropod. an'te par' turn [L.] Before delivery or childbirth; contrasted with post partum, after delivery. antepros'tate [L. ante, before.] Cowper's gland. anteprostatitis (an-te-pros-ta-ti'(te')tis). Inflam- mation of Cowper's glands. antepyret'ic [L. ante, before, + G. pyreios, fever.] Antefebrile. (Not to be confounded with anti- pyretic.) ante'rior [L] i. Before, in relation to time or space; in front of or in the front part of; ventral, hemal, as contrasted with dorsal, neural. 2. In botany, noting that part of a lateral member which is away from the parent axis. 3. In dentistry, oral, noting the six front teeth in either jaw. antero-. A prefix denoting anterior. an'tero-exter'nal. In front and to the outer side. an'terograde [L. gradior, gradi, to step.] Moving forward. an'tero-infe'rior. In front and below. an'tero-inter'nal. In front and to the inner side. anterolat'eral. In front and to the side, especially the outer side. ANTEROMEDIAL 59 ANTHROPOMETRY anterome'dial. In front and toward the inner side or middle line'. anterome'dian. In front and in the central line. anteroposte'iioT. Relating to both front and rear anterosupe'iior. In front and above. anteversion (an-te-vur'shun) [L. ante, before, + versio, a turning.] Ttiming forward, inclining forward as a, whole without bending; noting a malposition of this nature of the uterus. antevert'. To incline forward; to cause to incline forward. anteverfed. Tilted forward; in a position of anteversion. anthe'la [G. anthele, the downy plume of the seed.] In botany, an irregular cymose corymb, in which the branches of the inflorescence are progressively shorter from below upward. antheliz (ant'he-liks, an'the-liks) [G. anti, against, + helix.l An elevated ridge of cartilage anterior and roughly parallel to the posterior portion of the helix of the auricle. anthelminthic (an-thel-min'thik) . Anthelmintic. anthelmintic (an-thel-min'tik) [G. anti, against, + fte/mt'n^, worm.] i. Having the power to destroyer expel intestinal worms. 2. A vermifuge, ven'- enous a., one which acts by directly poisoning the worm. an'themis, anthem'idis flo'res (Br.). Chamomile, the flowering heads of Anthemis nohilis; tonic, aromatic, and stomachic, in doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0) in the form of a tea or extempora- neous infusion. anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-6-raj'ik). Having the power to prevent or arrest hemorrhage. an'ther [G. antheros, blooming.] The part of the stamen of a flower which bears the pollen. antherid'ium. The spore-bearing organ in a crypto- gamic plant corresponding to the anther in a phanerogamic plant. antherozoid (an'ther-o-zoyd). A motile body, formed through the splitting up of the antherid- ium, which fertilizes the oosporangium in fungi. Anthomy'ia canalicular'is [G. anthos, flower, myia, fly.] The small black horse-fly, the larvse of which are sometimes parasitic in the intestine of man, being hatched there from the ingested eggs ; alarming symptoms of gastroenteric irritation may be caused by it. anthracemia, anthracEemia (an"thr3.-se'ml-ah) , [G. anthrax + haima, blood.] Generalized anthrax infection, with presence of the bacilli in the periph- eral blood circiilation; also written anthrakemia. an'thracene [G. anthrax, coal.] A hydrocarbon, CnH],,, obtained from coal-tar; the alizarin dyes are manufactured from it. anthra'cia. The occurrence of carbuncles. anthracic (an-thras'ik). Relating to anthrax. an'thracin. i. Anthracene. 2. A toxin of the anthrax bacillus. an'thiacoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a carbuncle or a malignant pustule; resembling anthrax or its bacillus. anthracom'eter [G. anthrax, coal (carbon), -1- metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the amount of carbon dioxide in the air or other gaseous mixture. an"thraconecro'sis [G. anthrax, coal, -f- nehrosis, deadness.] Dry, black gangrene. anthraco'sis [G. anthrax, coal.] A form of pulmo- nary dust-disease or pneumonoconiosis. due to the inhalation of coal-dust; coal-miners' disease. . an"thragall'ol. Trioxyanthraquinone, a reaction product of benzoic, gallic, and sulphuric acids; a brown dye. anthraglu"carham'nin. A glucoside from Rhamnus frangula, possessing cathartic properties. anthraglucorhein (an"thra-glu-ko're-in). A gluco- side from nihbarb, having cathartic properties. an"thraquin'one. A yellow substance obtained by the action of glacial acetic acid, potassium bi- chromate, and anthracene; used in the manufac- ture of alizarin and as a reagent. anthrar'obin. A derivative of alizarin, a light brownish or yellowish powder, employed in 5 to 10 per cent, ointment in ringworm and psoriasis. an'thrasol. A distillate from coal-tar, resembling olive oil in color and consistency; employed for the relief of pruritus and in skin affections in 10 to 20 per cent, ointment. an'thrax [G. a live coal.] 1. Carbuncle, u. Splenic fever, an infectious disease of animals, especially the herbivora, due to the presence in the blood of Bacillus anthracis. 3. "Wool-sorters' disease (pul- monary form), mycosis intestinalis (gastroenteric form), inalignant pustule or malignant .edema (cutaneous form), occurring in man from infection with Bacillus anthracis; the disease is marked by hemorrhage and serous effusions ia the organs and cavities in the body, and symptoms of extreme prostration, cer'ebral a., a form of internal a., associated with pulmonary or intestinal a., in which the specific bacilli invade the capillaries of the brain; in addition to the symptoms of pul- monary or intestinal a., there is violent delirium. emphysem'atous a., symptomatic a. intes'tinal a. gastroenteric a., a form of internal a. marked by chill, high fever, pain in the head, back, and extremities, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, great prostration, and frequently hemorrhages from the mucous membranes and in the skin (petechia) ; the disease is usually fatal, malig'nant a., splenic fever, charbon, same as anthrax (2). pul'monary a., wool-sorters' disease, a form of internal a. acquired by inhalation of dust con- taining B. anthracis; there is an initial chill fol- lowed by pain in the back and legs, rapid respira- tion, dyspnea, cough, fever, rapid pijlse, and extreme prostration, symptomat'ic a., a cattle disease characterized by the occurrence of foci of emphysematous phlegmons and gangrene; due to the presence of an anaerobic 'organism. Bacillus carbonis. an"thTopogen'esis [G. anthropos, man, + genesis, origin.] Anthropogeny. :, anthropogen'ic, anthropogenet'ic. Relating to an- thropogeny. anthropogeny (an-thro-poj'en-1) [G. anthropos, man, -t- gennao, I produce.] Anthropogenesis ; the origin and development of man, both individual and racial. anthropog'ony. Anthropogeny. anthropog'raphy [G. anthropos, man, -t- grapho, I write.] The geography of man, the distribution of the human races. .'. an'thropoid [G. anthropos, man, + eidos, resem- blance.] I. Resembling man in structure and form. ■^. One of the monkeys resembling man, an ape. Anthropoidea (an-thro-po-id'e-ah) [G. anthropos, man, + eidos, resemblance.] A suborder of Primates, including man and the monkeys. anthropol'ogy [G. anthropos, man, + -logia.] The branch of science which treats of man in all his relations, crim'inal a.., a in its relation to the habitual criminal, his physical and. mental pecu- liarities, heredity, social relations, etc. anthropom'eter. One skilled in anthropometry. anthropom'etry [G. anthropos, man, + metron, meas- ANTHROPOMETRY 60 ANTICLINAL ure.] The branch of anthropology which deals with the comparative measurements of the hunian body and its several parts, ciim'inal a., bertillonage. anthropoph'agy [G. anthropos. man, + phago, I eat.] Cannibalism. an"thropopho'bia [G. anthropos, man, + phobos, fear.] A morbid aversion to or dread of human companionship. anthroposomatology (an-thro"po-so-ma.-tol'o-jI) [G. anthropos, man, + soma, body, + -logia."] That part of anthropology which has to do with the human body, such as anatomy, physiology, path- ology, etc. an"thropotox'in. A supposed tojdn in the exhaled breath. anthydrop'ic (ant-hi-drop'ik or an-thi-drop'ik). Antihydropic. anthyll'is. The dried flowers of Anihyllis vuU neraria, woundwort, stomachwort ; they are styp- tic and vulnerary. anthypnotic (ant-hip-not'ik). Antihypnotic. anti- [G. anii, against.] A prefix signifying against, opposing, or, in relation to symptoms and diseases, curative. antia'brin. An antibody or antitoxin to abrin. antiacid (an-tJ-as'id). Antacid. antiaditis (an-tl-ad-i'(e')tis) [G. antias{antiad-), an enlarged tonsil, H — itisl] Tonsillitis. antiagglu'tinin. A specific antibody preventing the action of an agglutinin. antiaggress'in. A specific antibody preventing the action of an aggressin. antial'btunate, antialbu'minate. Parapeptone. antial'bumid. An acid albumin or metaprotein, resistant to the action of the digestive fluids; it is obtained by boiling a protein with dilute sul- phuric acid. antialbumin (an-Vl-al-bu'min) . A constituent of albumin which is supposed to be the source of antialbumose formed during digestion. antial'buinose. An albumose formed during the peptic digestion of albumin; further hydrolysis converts it into antipeptone. antialex'in. A specific antibody to an alexin; anticonaplement. antiam'boceptor. A specific antibody to an amboceptor, anti-immune body. antianaphylac'tin. A specific antibody to an anaphylactin. antianaphylazis (an"tl-an"ah-fi-lak'sis). A con- dition neutralizing anaphylaxis ; that is, immunity. anti-an'tibody. An antibody to an antibody. anti-antitoz'in. An antibody to an antitoxin. antiapoplec'tic. Antapoplectic. antiarachnolysin (an-tt-ar-ak-nol'i-sin) [G. anti, against, -f- arachne, spider, + lysin."] An anti- venin counteracting the poison of the spider. antiarin (an-ti-ar'in) . A glucoside, the active principle of antiaris. antiar'is. Upas, a gum-resinous exudate from Antiaris toxicaria, a tree of the East Indies, used as an arrow poison; it is a vasomotor, cardiac, and muscular paralyzer. antiar'senin. An antibody formed in the blood after repeated small, but increasing, doses of arsenic. antiar'thrin. i. Trade name of a brown powder, the concentration product of saligenin and tannin; antiarthritic, antipjrretic, and analgesic in doses of gr. 15-20 (1.0-1.2).. 2. A proprie- tary antirheumatic remedy said to contain sal- icin with the taste masked by roasted chestnut. an'tiarthrit'ic [G. anti, against, 4- arthritis.] 1. Tending to prevent or cure gout. 2 An anti- gout remedy. antiasthmatic (an"t!-az-mat'ik) [G. anti, against.] 1. Relieving or preventing asthma. 2. A remedy that may prevent or shorten an asthmatic parox- ysm. antiautolysin (an-tl-aw-tol'i-sin). An antibody an- tagonizing an autolysin. antibacte'rial. Destructive to or preventing the growth of bacteria. antibac'terin. Trade name of an antiseptic solution which has been proposed as a remedy for tubercu- losis. antibecbic (an-tJ-bek'ik) [G. anti, against, -I- hex (bech-), cough.] 1. Havingtheproperty of reliev- ing cough, z. A cough remedy. antibio'sis [G. anti, against, + biosis, life.] An association of two organisms which is detrimental to one of them. antibiot'ic. i. Relating to antibiosis. 2, Prej- udicial to life. antiblennorrhagic (an-tl-blen-o-raj'ik). Preventive or curative of catarrh or of gonorrhea; also a remedy possessing such properties. an'tibody [G. anti, against.] Any substance in the blood-serum or other fluids of the body which exerts a specific restrictive or destructive action on bacteria or other noxa, or neutralizes their toxin; antitoxins, precipitins, agglutinins, im- mune bodies, opsonins, and lysins are anti- bodies. antibrachial (an-tl-bra'kl-al). Relating to the forearm. antibrachium (an-tl-bra'kl-um) [G. anti, against opposed, + brachion, arm.] [BNA] The forearm. antibro'mic. [G. anti, against, + bromos, smell.] I. Deodorizing. -^. A deodorizer. antibrule (an'ti-brool) [G. anti, against, -1- Fr. brAler, to bum.] Trade name of an antiseptic ■ preparation proposed as an application to bums and scalds. antical'culous. Antilithic; preventing the forma- tion of calciili ot" promoting their solution. antican'crin. A supposed antibody to cancer cells. anticar'dium [G. anti, against, -f kardia, heart.] Precordium. antica'rious. Preventing caries. anticataphylaxis (an"ti-kat-&-fi-laks'is) [L. anti, against, opposed to.] Interference with the cataphylaxis or the transport of phylactic agents to the site of infection. anticatarrhal (an-ti-kS-tar'al). Preventive or cura- tive of catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes. anticath'ode. Target, a metal plate in an «-ray tube on which the cathode rays impinge, giving origin to the x-rays. an'tichlor. Trade name of a preparation of sodium sulphite used as a food preservative. antichlor'en. Trade name of an albuminate of mercury prepared by the action of biniodide and bichloride of mercury on peptone; employed in the treatment of syphilis in dose of gr. \ (o.oi). anticholagogue (an-tI-kol-,>i-gog). Depressing the hepatic fimction, opposing the secretion of bile. anticholerin (an-ti-kol'er-in). A protein obtained from cultures of the cholera bacillus, employed in the treatment of cholera. anticipate (an-tis'i-pat) [L. anticipare, to take in advance.] To come before the appointed time; said of a periodical symptom or disease, such as a malarial paroxysm, when it recurs at progress- ively shorter intervals. anticli'nal [G. anti, against, + klino, I incline.] Inclined in opposite directions, as the two sides of a pyramid. ANTICLOUDINE 6i ANTIISOLYSIN anticloud'ine. Trade name of a preparation to prevent the precipitation of moisture on eye- glasses or on the mirror of a laryngoscope. anticne'inion [G. antiknemion.] The shin. anticoagulant (an"tl-ko-ag'u-lant). i. Anticoagu- lative. 2. An agent preventing coagulation. anticoag'ulative. Preventing coagulation. anticoagulin (aa"ti-l£0-ag'u-lin). An antibody to coagulin. anticom'plement. A substance which combines with a complement and so neutralizes its action by preventing its tmion with the amboceptor; antialexin. anticomplemen'taiy. Noting a substance possess- ing the power of diminishing or abolishing the action of a complement. anticoncip'iens [G. anti, against, + L. concipere, to conceive.] An agent preventing conception. anticonta'gious. Preventing contagion. anticonvul'sive. i. Preventing or arresting con- vulsions. 2. An agent which tends to prevent or arrest convulsions. anticor (an'tl-kor). A sore in the horse caused by pressure or friction by the harness. anticor'nutin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepa- ration of the sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper or calcium. antico'roin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepara- tion of the sulphates of iron, zinc, and magnesiiun. anticoiro'sive. Preventing corrosion. antlcreatinine (an"H-kre-at'in-en). A leucomaine from creatinine. an'ticrisis. Anything which prevents the crisis of a disease, or one of the crises of tabes dorsalis. anticrit'ical. Preventing the crisis of a disease; preventing or relieving one of the crises of tabes dorsalis. anticu'bital. Antecubital. anti'cus [L. in the very front.] A term in ana- tomical nomenclature to designate a, muscle or other structure which of all similar structures is nearest the front or ventral surface; the [BNA] employs "anterior" in place of anticus. anticu'tine. An antibody in the serum of some tuberculous subjects which, when mixed with tuberculin, will so neutralize the latter that it will no longer cause an antireaction. anticytotoz'in [G. anti, against, -1- kytos, cell, -I- E. toxin.] A specific antibody inhibiting the action of a cytotoxin. antidiabe'tin. Trade name of a sweetening sub- stance, a mixture of mannite and saccharin, for the use of diabetics. antidi'astase. An antibody to diastase. antidin'ic [G. anti, against, -I- dinos, dizziness.] i. Relieving vertigo. 2. An agent which prevents or relieves vertigo. antidiph'therin. A protein obtained from cultures of diphtheria bacilli; used as a local application in diphtheria. antido'lorin [G. anti, against, + L. dolor, pain.] Trade name of a preparation of ethyl chloride, used for the relief of superficial pain. antido'tal. Relating to or acting as an antidote. an'tidote [G. antidotos, from anti, against, + dotos, what is given.] An agent which neutralizes a poison or counteracts its effects, chem'ical a., a substance which unites with a poison to form an innoxious chemical compound, mechan'ical a., a substance which prevents the absorption of a poison, physiolog'ical a., an agent which produces systemic effects contrary to those of a given poison. antido'tum. Antidote, a. arsen'ici, antidote to arsenic, ferri* hydroxidum cum magnesii oxido. antidysenter'ic. Relieving or preventing dysentery. antidysu'ric. Preventing or relieving strangury or distress in urination. antiemetic (an"tl-e-met'ik) [G. anli, against, + emetikos, nauseated.] i. Preventing or arresting vomiting. 2. An agent which relieves nausea or arrests vomiting, a. root, cyperus. antiendotoz'in. An antibody elaborated by a . leucocyte, acting upon the endotoxin of the ingested bacteria. antienergic (an"tl-en-iir'jik) [G. anti, against, + energos, active.] Acting against or in opposition. antienzyme (an"tl-en'zim). 1. An antibody to an enzyme. 2. An inhibitory enzyme, one capable of retarding or checking the activity of another enzyme. antiepithe'lial se'rum. A sertmi containing a cytotoxin specific for epithelium. antifebrile (an"tJ-fe'bnl, an"tl-feb'ril) [G. anti, against, -f L. febris, fever.] Antipyretic. antifeb'rin. Trade name of acetanilide. a. sal'- icylate, salifebrin. antifer'ment. Antienzyme. antifennen'tative. Preventing or arresting fer- mentation. antiform'in. Trade name of a disinfectant con- taining about 5.3 per cent, of combined chlorine and 7.5 per cent, of free sodium hydrate; as it does not act upon tubercle bacilli, it is employed to isolate these organisms from sputum. antifun'gin. Trade name of a preparation con- taining borate of magnesium, employed in solu- tion as a gargle in diphtheria and sore throat. antigalactagogue (an"tI-gal-ak'ta-gog) [G. anti, against, + gala(galakt^), milk, -f- agogos, drawing forth.] Antigalactic. antigalac'tic [G. anti, against, + gala(galakt-), milk.] I. Diminishing or arresting the secretion of milk 2. An agent which dries up the secre- tion of milk. antigen (an'ti-jen) [antiipody) + G. gennao, I pro- duce.] Any substance which, when introducen into the animal organism, causes the productiod of an antibody; hatpin (z). therapeu'tic a., a substance which, when injected into the body, excites the production of protective antibodies. antigonorrhe'ic. Curative of gonorrhea. antihe'Ux. Anthelix. antihemagglu'tinin. An antibody to hemagglu- tinin. antihemolysin (an"ti[-he-niol'i-sin). A substance which neutralizes the action of an hemolysin;, an antibody to hemolysin. antihemolyt'ic. Preventing hemolysis. antihidrot'ic [G. anti, against, + hidrotikos, sudo- rific ] Antisudorific. i . Arresting the secretion of sweat. 2. An agent which prevents or arrests sweating. antihormone (an-tl-hor'mon). Chalone. antihydrop'ic [G. anti, against, + hydropikos, dropsi- cal.] I. Relieving dropsy. 2. An agent which causes dropsical effusions to disappear. antihy'dropin. Trade name of a diuretic from Blatta orientalis or the cockroach, given in doses of gr. 10-15 (o.6-i.o). antihyster'ical. Relieving or preventing hysteria. antiicteric (an"tl-ik'ter-ik). Preventing or curing jaundice. antiimmune body (an"tl-im-mun' bodi). Anti- amboceptor, an antibody to the immtme body. antiintermediary body (an"tl-in-tur-me'dl-a-rf bod'I). Antiamboceptor. antiisol'ysin. A substance which will inhibit the action of an isolysin. ANTIKAMNIA 62 ANTIPERIODIC antikam^ma [G. anti, against, + hamno, I am ill.] A proprietary analgesic and hypnotic, said to contain acetanilide or acetphenetidin, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate; the dose recommended is gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). antiketogenesis (an-tl-ke-to-jen'e-sis) [G. anti, against, + ketone + genesis, production.] The lowering of acidosis through the oxidation of sugar and allied substances in the body; the sugar or alcohol is supposed to act as the reducing agent becoming oxidized, while the diacetic acid through its ketone group acts as the oxidizer, thereby becoming reduced. antiketogen'ic [anti, against, + ketone{a.cetone) + gennao, I produce.] Inhibiting the formation of acetone. antiketoplas'tic [anti, against, + feetonc (acetone), + plassd, I form.] Reducing the amount of acetone compounds excreted in urine or breath. antiM'nase. An antibody to kinase. antiku'tine. Anticutine. antilac'tase. An antibody preventing the ferment action of lactase. antilactose'rum. A serum containing the antibody to the precipitin of lactoserum, antilem'ic, antiloem'ic [G. anti, against, + loimos, plague.] Preventive or curative of the plague. antilep'tic [G. antileptikos, able to check.] Pre- venting an attack of disease. antileu'cocidin. An antibody to the leucocidin of streptococcus cultures. antileucotoz'in. An antibody to a leucotoxin. autilith'ic [G. anti, against, + lithos, stone.] i. Anticalculous. 2. An agent which prevents the formation of calculi, especially uiic-acid calculi, or is supposed to effect their solution. antilo^ium [G. anti, against, + lobos, lobe of the ear.] Tragus. antiluetic (an-tl-lu-et'ik). Antisyphilitic. antil'jrein. An antibody to a lysin. antil'ysis. The result of the action of an antilysin whereby cytolysis is prevented, and sometimes bacteriolysis is permitted. antilyss'ic. Antirabic preventing or curing rabies. antilyt'ic. Preventing lysis, especially cytolysis or hemolysis. antimala'rial. Preventing or curing malarial infec- tion. antimere (an'tl-mer) [G. anti, against, + meros, a part.] I. A segment of an animal body formed by planes cutting the axis of -the body at right angles. 2. One of the symmetrical parts of a bilateral organism. antimer'istem [G. anti, against, + meristem, embry- onal tissue.] An alleged antitoxin for the sup- posed pathogenic microorganism of malignant growths. antimetro'pia. A form of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the other hypermetropic. antimiasmat'ic. Antimalarial. antimicro'bic. i- Opposed to or disbelieving in the pathogenic action of microorganisms. 2. Tending to destroy microbes, to prevent their develop- ment, or to prevent their pathogenic action. antimo'nial. Containing or relating in any way to antimony. antimon'ic. i. Antimonial. 2. Noting a chemical compound containing antimony in its quin- quivalent relation, a. acid, one of three acids HjSbO, (ortho-), HSbO, (meta-), and H^SbjO, (pyro-antimonio acid), a. ox'ide, SbjOj, anti- mony pentoxide, a lemon-yellow insoluble powder. an'timonide. A chemical compound containing antimony in union with a more positive element. antimo'nious. i. Antimonial. :<. Noting a chem- ical compound containing antimony in its trivalent relation, a. chlor'ide, SbClj, butter of antimony, a. ox'ide, Sb,©,, antimony trioxide, antimonii oxidum (Br.), a. sulphide, black anti- mony. antimo'nium. Antimony, a lustrous grayish metal, symbol Sb(5(»fci«»>), atomic weight 120.2. anti- mo'nii chlor'idum, butter of antimony, employed externally as a caustic for the removal of warts and other small growths; antimo'nii et potas'sU tar'tras (U.S.), antimonium tartaratum (Br.), tartar emetic, antimonium and potassium tar- trate; in crystals or white graniUar powder, expectorant in doses of gr. -jVtV (o-°03- 0.006), emetic in doses of gr. J-i (0.03-0.06). a. ni'grum purifica'tum (Br.), purified black anti- mony, a dark gray crystalline powder, anti- mo'nii ox'idum (N.F. and Br.), antimonious oxide, antimony trioxide, a heavy white powder; expectorant and emetic in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). a. sulphura'tum (N.F. and Br.), sulphurated antimony, kermes-mineral, a. red- dish or orange-red powder, employed as an emetic in dose? of gr. 1-3 (o . 06-0 . 2) . antimo'nii sul'phidum purifica'tum, purified antimonium sulphide, purified black antimony; employed in the manufacture of antimonium sulphufatum. a. tartara'tum (Br.), tartrated antimony, tartar emetic, antimonii et potassii tartras (U.S.). an'timony. Antimoniimi, stibium, black a., the native sulphide of antimony, antimonious sul- phide, stibnite, SbjSj, freed from impurities. butt'er of a., antimonious chloride, SbCl,, em- ployed as a caustic, com'pound pill of a., Plum- mer's* pill, pow'der of a., James'* powder. wine of a., vinum* antimonii. antimu'corin. An antiseptic preparation of the sulphates of iron and zinc. antimycot'ic [G. anti, against, + mykes, fimgus.] Antimicrbbic, antibacterial; destructive to fungi. antinephrit'ic. Preventing or relieving inflamma- tion of the kidneys. antiner'vin. Salicylbromanilide. antineural'gic. Relieving the pain of neuralgia. an"tineurotox'in. An antibody to a neurotoxin. antin'iad. Toward the antinion. antin'ial. Relating to the antinion. antin'ion [G. anti, against (opposite), + inion, nape of the neck.] The space between the eyebrows; the point on the skull opposite the inion. antinonn'in. Trade name of sodium orthodinitro- cresylate; a yellow paste soluble in water; anti- septic and insecticide in i per cent, solution. antin'osin [G. anti, against, -I- nosos, disease.] Nosophen-sodiimi, a soluble bluish powder, anti- septic; employed as a substitute for iodoform, and in solution as an application to the inflamed mucous membranes of the upper air tract. • antiodontal'gic [G. anti, against, + odousfpdont-), tooth, -H a/g05, pain.] i. Relieving toothache. 2. A toothache remedy. antiorgas'tic. Antaphrodisiac, anaphrodisiac antiparalyt'ic. Reputed to relieve paralysis. antiparasit'lc. Destructive to parasites. antipar'asitin. Potassium dinitrocresylate; antisep- tic and antiparasitic. antiparas'tata [G. anti, against, + parastatls, a- testicle.] Cowper's gland. antip'athy [G. anti, against, -I- pathos, suffering.] Enantiopathy. antipep'tone [G. anti, instead of.] One of the products of the splitting of amphopeptone. antiperiodic (an"tI-pe-rI-od'ik). Preventing the m 1 /^TIPERIODIC 63 ANTISEPSIS regular recurrence of a disease or a symptom.; antimalarial. intiperiostin (an"tl-per-I-os'tin). Trade name of a remedy for spavin and other swellings in the horse. jntiperistal'sis. Reversed peristalsis; contrary in- testinal contractions forcing the contents upward. Eintiperistal'tic. ±. Relating to antiperistalsis. u. Impeding or arresting peristalsis. antiphagin (an-tif'a-jin) [G. aAti, against, + phag- (ocyie).] Virulin, a substance developed in viru- lent bacteria which renders them resistant to the phagocytes; the substance is an antiopsonin, neutralizing opsonin in the test-tube. antiphagocyt'ic. Impeding or preventing the action of the phagocytes. antiphial'tic [G. anti, against, + ephialtes, night- mare.] Tending to prevent nightmare or dis- tressing dreams. antiphlogis'tic [G. anti, against, -t- phlogistos, on fire.] I. Preventing or relieving inflammation. 2. An agent which subdues inflammation. antiphlogis'tin. Trade name of a preparation, said to consist chiefly of a purified clay and glycerin, employed like a poultice in inflammatory condi- tions. an'tiphone [G. anti, against, -t- phone, sound.] An appliance for occluding the external auditory meatus to dull the perception of disturbing noises. antiphrynolysin (an-tl-fri-nol'i-sin) [G. anti, against, + phrynos, toad, + lysin.l An antivenin coun- teracting the poison of the toad. antiphthisical (an-ti-tiz'I-kal). Relieving or curing phthisis. antiphthisiii (an-ti-te'zin). See Klebs* tuberculin.* antiphy'niin [G. anii, against, -I- phyma, a tubercle.] Trade name of a. preparation employed in tuberculosis. antiplas'tic. Preventing cicatrization. antiplatelet (an-ti-plat'let) [G. anti, against, -|- platelet.] Having a lytic or agglutinative action upon the platelets of the blood. antipneumococ'cic. Destructive to, or repressive to the growth of, the pneumococcus. a. se'nim, a bactericidal serum which has been employed in the treatment of croupous pneumonia. antipneumotoz'in. An antitoxin to the poison of the pneumococcus. antipodag'ric. Antiarthritic. antip'odal. Opposite, occupying the opposite sides of a cell or other globular body. a. cell, one of two cells formed from the nuclei at the base of the embryo sac in a seed, opposite the nuclei forming the oospore. antiprecip'itin. A specific antibody inhibiting the action of a precipitin. antipros'tate. Anteprostate, antiparastata, Cow- per's* gland. antiprurit'ic. i. Preventing or relieving itching. 2. An agent which relieves itching. antipsoric . (an-te-so'rik or an-tip-so'rik) [G. anii, against, + psora, the itch.] Curative of scabies, or the itch. a. rem'edy, in homeopathy, one which is especially serviceable in the treatment of psora* or of chronic disease in general. antiputrefac'tive. Preventing putrefaction. antipy'ic [G anti, against, -I- pyon, pus.] Anti- '■ pyogenic. Intipyogen'ic [G anii, against, + pyon, pus, -I- ' gennao, I produce.] Preventing suppuration. antipy'onin [G. anti, against, + pyon, pus.] Neutral sodium tetraborate, a fine white powder obtained ■ by fusing together' equal parts of borax and boric acid; employed externally in conjunctivi- tis, keratitis, and otitis. antipyre'sis. Treatment of fever as a symptom. antipyret'ic [G. anii, against, + pyreios, fever.] 1. Reducing fever. 2. An agent tending to reduce fever, a febrifuge. antipyri'na (U.S.). Antipyrine, phenazone (Br.), phenyldimethyl-pyrazolon ; in colorless lamellar crystals or a crystalline powder, soluble in water; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3-1.3). antipyrine (an-ti-pi'ren or an-tl-pi-ren') [G. anii, against, + pyreios, fever.] Antipyrina (U.S.), phenazone (Br.), a. acetylsal'icylate, acetopyrine, acopyrine, a white crystalline powder, a com- pound of antipyrine and aspirin; antirheumatic and analgesic; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). a. ben'- zoate, benzopyrine, a white crystalline powder, analgesic and antipyretic ; dose, gr. 5—30 (o . 3—2 . o) . a. caffeine cit'rate, migrainin, obtained by fusing on a water-bath antipyrine 85, caffeine 9, citric acid 9 ; a colorless hygroscopic powder used for the relief of headache in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). u. man'delate, tussol, occurs in colorless crystals soluble in water, employed in "whooping-cough in doses of gr. ^10 (0.03-0.6) according to the age. a. monobro'mide, bromopyrine. a. sali- cylac'etate, pyrosal, in colorless lamellar or acicu- lar crystals, analgesic, antirheumatic, antipyretic; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). a. sal'icylate, salipy- rine, a white crystalline powder; analgesic, anti- pyretic, employed in dysmenorrhea and in influ- enza and all acute catarrhs in the early stages, in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). butylchlo'ral-a., occurring in colorless needles soluble in 30 parts of water; similar in properties and dosage to monochloral-a. cichlo'ral-a., similar to mono- chloral-a. dimethylam'ido-a., pyramidon, a yel- lowish-white crystalline powder, antipyretic and sedative ; has been employed in pulmonary tuber- culosis in doses of gr. 5—71^ (0.3—0.5). mono- chlo'ral-a., hypnal, occurring in colorless octa- hedral crystals; analgesic and hypnotic; em- ployed in the hacking cough of phthisis in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). antipyrot'ic [G. anti, against, -I- pyroiikos, burning, inflaming.] i. Antiphlogistic. ^. Relieving the pain and promoting the healing of superficial bums. 3. An application for bums. antirab'ic. Preventive or curative of rabies, antilyssic. antirachitic (an"tJ-ra-kit'ik). x. Promoting the cure of rickets. 2. An agent useful in the treat- ment of rickets. antirenn'et. Antirennin. antirenn'in. An antibody to renniu which neutral- izes the milk-curdling action of this enzyme. antirheumatic (an"t!-ru-mat'ik) . Preventive or curative of rheumatism. antiri'cln. An antibody or antitoxin to ricin. Antirrhi'num [G anii, in place of, + rhis(,rhin-), nose.] A genus of shrubs of the natural order Scrophulariacef the knee, superior external articular artery ; origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses, circumflexa femoris lateralis, perforans tertia, recur- rens tibialis anterior, genu inferior lateralis. a. ge'nu supe'rior media'lis [BNA], medial superior artery of the knee, superior internal articular arte,ry; origin, poplitea; distribution, knee-joint; anastomoses, genu suprema, genu superior lateralis. a. ge'nu supre'ma [BNA], uppermost or highest artery of the knee, anastomotica magna; origin, femoral; distribution, knee-joint and adjacent parts; anastomoses, genu superior medialis, genu inferior medialis, genu superior lateralis, circumflexa femoris lateralis, and recurrens tibialis anterior. a. ?lut2e'a infe'rior [BNA], ischiatica, sciatic; ort'gtM, anterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, hip-joint and gluteal region; awarfomosey, branches of pudenda interna, sacralis lateralis, glutasa superior obturatoria, circumflexa femoris medialis and lateralis. a. glutse'a supe'rior [BNA], gluteal; origin, posterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, gluteal region; anastomoses, sacralis lateralis, glutaea inferior, pudenda interna, circumflexa ilium profunda, circumflexa femoris lateralis. a. hsemorrhoida'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, pudenda interna; distribution, rectum; anastomoses, hsemor- rhoidalis media and superior, and a. perinei. a. hEemorrhoida'lis me'dia [BNA], anterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, rectum; anastomoses, haemorrhoidalis superior and inferior. a. hsemorrhoida'lis supe'rior [BNA], origin, mesen- terica inferior; distribution, sigmoid flexure and rectum; anastomoses, branches of sacralis media, sigmoidea, heemorrhoidalis media, pudenda interna. a. helici'nse pe'nis [BNA], the smaller branches of a. dorsalis penis. a. hepat'ica [BNA], origin, coeliacr ; branches, gastrica dextra (pyloric), gastroduodenalis, and right and left terminal rami. a. hepat'ica pro'pria [BNA], the continuation of the hepatica after giving off the gastrica dextra and gastroduodenalis. a. hyaloid'ea [BNA], a branch of the a. centralis retinas which runs through the hyaloid canal of the vitreous body in the fetus; it disappears in the last month of intrauterine life. a. hypogas'trica [BNA], a. iliaca interna; origin, iliaca communis; branches, iliolumbahs, sacralis lateralis, obturatoria, glutaea superior, glutasa inferior, umbilicalis, vesicales superiores, vesicalis inferior, hiemoi rhoidalis media ; the artery itself usually divides into an anterior and a posterior division, the anterior terminating in the pudenda interna, the pos- terior in the glutsea superior. a. il'ea, origin, mesenterica superior; distribution, ileum; anastomoses, other branches of superior mes- enteric. a. ileocol'ica [B NA], origin, mesenterica superior; usually by a, common trunk with the colica dextra, distribution, ascending colon; anastomoses, colica dextra. a. ili'aca commu'nis [BNA], one of the two terminal branches of the abdominal aorta; opposite the lum- bosacral articulation, it becomes the hypogastrica (internal iliac) and also gives off the iliaca externa. a. ili'aca exter'na [BNA], origin, iliaca communis; branches, epigastrica inferior, circumflexa ilium pro- funda; becomes the femoralis at Poupart's ligament. a. ili'aca inter'na, a. hypogastrica [BNA]. a. iliolumba'lis [BNA], iliolumbar; origin, posterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, pelvic muscles and bones; anastomoses, circumflexa ilium profunda, obturatoria, lumbalis. a. infra or bita'Iis [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles, lacrymal gland, lower eyelid, lacrymal sac, and upper lip; anastomoses, branches of ophthalmica, maxillaris externa, labialis superior, transversa faciei, and buccinatoria. a. innomina'ta, a. anonyma [BNA]. a. intercosta'lis [BNA], one of nine pairs of arteries arising from the thoracic aorta and distributed to the nine lower intercostal spaces, spinal column, spinal cord, and muscles and integument of the back; they anastomose with branches of the musculophrenica, mammaria interna, epigastrica superior, subcostalis, and lumbalis. a. intercosta'lis ante'rior, one of twelve rami inter- ' costales[BNA]; origiw, mammaria interna; distribution, intercostal muscles of upper six intercostal spaces; anastomoses, aortic and superior intercostal branches. a. intercosta'lis supe'rior, (i) truncus* costocervicalis [BNA]; (2) a. intercostalis suprema [BNA]. a. intercosta'lis supre'ma [ BNA] , superior inter- costal; origin, truncus costocervicalis; distribution, structures of first and second intercostal spaces; anastomoses, anterior intercostal branches of mam- maria interna. arte'rise interloba'res ren'is [BNA], the larger branches of the a. renalis which occupy the intervals between the pyramids and divide to form a series of incomplete arches, arteriee arciformes, across the bases of the pyramids. ARTERIA 82 ARTERIA arte'iise interlobula'res ren'is [BNA], a number of small arteries passing outward from the arches of the interlobar arteries through the labyrinth and giving off branches to the glomeruli. a. interos'sea ante'rior, a. interossea voiaris [BNA]. a. interos'sea commu'nis [BNA], common interos- seous; origin, ulnaris; branches, interossea voiaris and dorsalis. a. interos'sea dorsa'Iis, (i) [BNA] posterior^ inter- osseous; origin, interossea communis; distribution, deep parts of back of forearm; anastomoses,, in- terossea voiaris; (2) a. metacarpea dorsalis [BNA]. a. interos'sea palma'ris, a. metacarpea voiaris [BNA]. a, interos'sea poste'rior, a. interossea dorsalis [BNA]. a. interos'sea recur'rens [BNA]^ posterior interos- seous recurrent branch of ulna,hs', distribution, hack of elbow-joint; anastomoses, branches of profunda brachii and collateralis ulnaris inferior. a. interos'sea vola'ris [BNA], anterior interosseous, origin, ulnaris; distribution, deep parts of the front of the forearm; anastomoses, interossea dorsalis. a. intestina'Iis [BNA], one of numerous branches (io~r6) passing from the mesenterica superior to the jejunum and ileum; anastomoses, with each other to form arterial loops in the mesentery and on the wall of the gut, and with other branches of the superior mesenterica. a. ischiad'ica, a. ischiafica* «.. glutsea inferior IBNA]. a. jejuna'lis [BNA], origin, mesenterica superior; kistribution^ jejunum; anastomoses, intestinales. a. labia'lis ante'rior [BNA], termination of the pudenda externa profunda. a. labia'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, maxillaris ex- terna (facial) ; distribution, structures of lower lip ; anastomoses, mental branch of alveolaris inferior (inferior dental), submentaHs, and inferior coronary branch of maxillaris externa. a. labia'lis poste'rior [BNA], one of several twigs derived from the a. perinei, distributed to the labia majora. a. labia'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior labial, superior coronary; origin, maxillaris externa (facial); distribu- tion, structures of upper lip and, by a septal branch, the anterior and lower part of the septum nasi; anastom^oses, lateral nasal and nasopalatine ramus of the sphenopalatine. a, lacrima'lis [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; distribu- tion, lacrymal gland, external and superior recti muscles, upper eyelid, forehead, and temporal fossa; branches, ciliares anteriores. a. larynge'a infe'rior [BNA], origin, thyreoidea in- ferior; distribution, muscles and mucous membrane of larynx; anastomoses, laryngeal branch of thyreoidea superior. a. larynge'a supe'rior [BNA], superior laryngeal; origin, thyreoidea superior; distribution, muscles and mucous membrane of larynx; anastomoses, cricothyroid ramus of thyroidea superior and terminal rami of thyroidea inferior. a. liena'Iis [BNA], splenic; origin, cceliaca; branches, gastricEB breves, gastroepiploica sinistra, and pan- creatic rami. a. lingua'lis [BNA], origin, external carotid, runs along under surface of tongue, terminates as ranine artery, a. profunda linguae; branches^ suprahyoid and dorsalis Hnguse branches and a. sublingualis. a. lumba'lis [BNA], lumbar; one of four or five pairs; origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, lumbar vertebraB, muscles of back, abdominal wall; anastomoses, in- tercostalis, subcostalis, epigastrica superior and in- ferior, circumfiexa ilium profunda, and iliolumbalis. a. lumba'lis i'ma [BNA], lowest lumbar; origin, sacralis media; distribution, sacrum; anastomoses, sacralis lateralis. a. malleola'ris ante'rior latera'lis [BNA], origin, tibialis anterior; distribution, ankle-joint; anastomoses, peronsea, tarsea lateralis. a. malleola'ris ante'rior media'lis [BNA], origin, tibialis anterior; distribution, ankle-joint and neigh- boring integument; anastomoses, branches of tibialis posterior. a. malleola'ris poste'rior latera'lis [BNA], peromea posterior, lateral posterior malleolar, posterior pero- neal; one of the terminal branches of the peronsa; distribution, outer side of ankle; anastomoses, malleo- laris anterior lateralis. a. malleola'ris poste'rior media'lis [BNA], a small branch of the posterior tibial distributed to the internal surface of the inner malleolus. a. mamma'ria exter'na, a. thoracalis lateralis [B NA], a. mamma'ria inter'na [BNA], internal mammary; origin, subclavian; branches, pericardiacophrenica, mediastinals anteriores, pericardial, muscular, and perforating rami, and bifurcates into the musculo- phrenica and epigastrica superior. a. masseter'ica [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, deep surface of masseter; anastomoses, branches of transversa faciei and masseteric branches of maxillaris externa. a. maxilla'ris exter'na [BNA], facial artery; origin, external carotid ; branches, palatina ascendens, tonsillar and submaxillary rami, submentalis, labialis inferior, labialis superior, masseteric, buccal, and lateral nasal rami, and angularis. a. maxilla'ris inter'na, origin, carotis externa; branches, auricularis profunda, tympanica anterior, meningea media, alveolaris inferior, masseterica, temporalis profunda anterior et posterior, buccinatoria, alveolaris superior posterior, infraorbitalis, palatina descendens, canalis pterygoidei, sphenopalatina, and accessory meningeal, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine rami. a. media'na [BNA], a. comes nervi mediani; origin, ulnaris; distribution, accompanies median nerve to palm; anastomoses, branches of superficial palmar arch. a. mediastina'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, one of numerous branches of the mammaria interna; distribu- tion, lymphatic nodes in the anterior mediastinum and the sternum. a. meninge'a ante'rior [BNA], oWgj'n, ophthalmica; distribution, cerebral , membranes in middle cranial fossa; anastomoses, branches of meningea media and meningeal branches of carotis interna and lacrimalis. a. meninge'a me'dia [BNA], origin, maxillaris in- terna; branches, petrosal, Gasserian, tympanic, orbital, anterior and posterior terminal; distribution, to parts mentioned and through terminal branches to anterior and posterior cranial fossse; anastomoses, meningeal branches of occipitalis, pharyngeus ascendens, ophthal- mica and lacrimalis, stylomastoidea, accessory menin- geal ramus of maxillaris interna, and temporalis pro- funda. a. meninge'a poste'rior [BNA], posterior meningeal; origin, pharyngea ascendens; distribution, dura mater; anastomoses, branches of meningea media and verte- bral is. a. menta'lis [BNA], terminal branch of alveolaris inferior. a. mesenter'ica infe'rior [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, colica sinistra, sigmoidea, hEemorrhoidalis superior. a. mesenter'ica supe'rior [BNA], superior mesen- teric; origin, aorta; branches, intestinales, pancreatico- duodenalis inferior, jejunales, iless, ileocolica, appen- dicularis, colica dextra, colica media. a. metacarpe'a dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal interosseous, one of three branches of the medialis, running in the back of the 2d, 3d, and 4th interosseous muscles. a. metacarpe'a vola'ris [BNA], palmar interosseous, one . of three arteries springing from the deep palmar arch and running in the three inner interos- seous spaces; they anastomose with the metacarpeas dorsales, a. metataraa'lis, a. arcuata [BNA], a. metatarse'a dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal interosseous artery; one of three branches of the arcuata, supply- i ng the three outer toes and the outer side of the second toe through the collateral branches, the digitales dorsales. a. metatarse'a planta'ris [BNA], one of four digital branches of the plantar arch. a. musculophren'ica fBNA], origin, is the outer terminal branch of mammaria interna; distribution, diaphragm and intercostal muscles; anastomoses, branches of pericardiacophrenica, phrenica inferior, and aortic intercostal arteries. ARTERIA 83 ARTERIA a. nutri'cia fem'oris [BNA], nutrient artery of the femur; one of two arteries, superior and inferior, aris- ing from the perforans prima and tertia respectively (sometimes secunda and quarta). a. nutri'cia fib'ul£e [BNA], origin, peronssa.; distribu- tiofi, fibula. a. nutri'cia hu'meri [B N A], a^ branch of the brachial artery entering the humerus through the nutrient foramen on the inner side of the shaft, a. nutri'cia tiVise [BNA], derived from the upper part of the posterior tibial and enters through the medullary foramen on the posterior surface of the tibia. a. obturato'ria [BNA], origin, anterior division of' the hypogastrica; distribution, bladder, pelvic bones, psoas and levator ani muscle; anastomoses, iliolumbalis, epigastrica inferior, circumflexa femoris medialis. a. occipita'lis [BNA], origin, external carotid; branches, stemocleidomastoidea, and muscular, menin- geal, auricular, occipital, mastoid, and descending rami. a. cesophage'a [BNA], one of several arteries arising from the descending thoracic aorta and supplying the esophagus. a. ophthal'mica [BNA], origin, carotis interna; branches, ciliares posteriores, centralis retinae, meningea anterior, lacrimalis, supraorbi talis, ethmoidalis ante- rior, palpebrales, dorsalis nasi, and frontalis. a. orbita'lis, a. zygomaticoorbitalis [BNA]. a. ovar'ica [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, ureteral, tubal, ligamentous, ovarian, and uterine rami; anas- tomoses, uterina. a. palatl'na ascen'dens [BNA], origin, maxillaris externa (facial); distribution, lateral walls of pharynx, tonsils, Eustachian tubes, and soft palate; anastomoses, tonsillar ramus of maxillaris externa, dorsalis linguae, and palatina descendens. a. palati'na descen'dens [BNA], descending or posterior palatine; origin, maxillaris interna; distribu- tion, soft palate, gums, and bones and mucous mem- brane of hard palate; anastomoses, sphenopalatina, palatina ascendens, pharyngea ascendens, and tonsillar branches of maxillaris externa (facial). a. palati'na mi' nor [BNA], one of several posterior branches of the palatina descendens in the pterygo- palatine canal, distributed to the soft palate and tonsil. a. palati'na ma'jor [BNA], the anterior branch of the palatina descendens in the pterygopalatine canal, supplying the gums and mucous membrane of the hard palate. arte'ris palpebra'les [BNA] branches of the ophthal- mic supplying the upper and lower eyelids, consisting of two sets a. p. latera'les and a. p. media'les. a. pancreat'icoduodena'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, mesenterica superior; distribution, head of pan- creas, duodenum; anastomoses, pancreaticoduodenalis superior. a. pancreat'icoduodena''lis supe'rior [BNA], origin, gastroduodenalis; distribution, head of pancreas, duodenum., common bile-duct; anastomoses, pan- creaticoduodenalis inferior, lienalis. a. pe'nis [B N A], deep terminal branch of the pudenda interna, dividing into the dorsalis and pro- funda penis. a. per'forans [BNA], perforating artery; one of three or four branches (prima, secunda, tertia, quarta) of the profunda femoris which pierce the muscles to reach the vastus lateralis (externus) muscle; they anastomose with branches of the glutea inferior, cir- cumflexa femoris medialis, circumflexa femoris latera- lis, poplitea. a. pericardi"acophren'ica [BNA], comes nervi phren- ici, superior phrenic artery; origin, mammaria in- terna; distrihution, pericardium, diaphragm, and pleura; anastomoses, musculophrenica, phrenica in- ferior, mediastinal and pericardial branches of the mammaria interna. a. perinea'lis superficia'lls, a. perinei [BNA]. a. perine'i [BNA], perinealis superficialis; origin, pudenda interna; distribution, perineum; anastomoses, pudendffl externae. a. peron»'a [BNA], origin, tibialis posterior; dis- tribution, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor longus hallucis and peroneal muscles and inferior tibiofibular articulation and ankle-joint; anastomoses, malleolaris anterior lateralis, tarsea la^ieralis, plantaris lateralis, dorsalis pedis. a, peronae'a ante'rior, ramus perforans arteriae peronae® [BNA], perforating branch of the peroneal artery, going to the lateral malleolar rete. a. peronse'a poste'rior, a. malleolaris posterior later- aUs [BNA], a. pharynge'a ascen'dens [BNA], ascending pharyn- geal; origin, external carotid; distribution, wall of pharynx and soft palate. a, phren'ica infe'rior [BNA], origin, abdominal aorta just below diaphragm; distribution, diaphragm; anas- tomoses, phrenica superior, mammaria interna, and musculophrenica. a. phren'ica supe'rior [BNA], one of several small arteries given off from the lower part of the thoracic aorta and distributed to the diaphragm; they anasto- mose with the musculophrenic. a. planta'ris latera'Us [BNA], lateral (external) plantar; larger of the two terminal branches of the tibialis posterior; distribution, forms the plantar arch and through it supplies the sole of the foot and plantar surfaces of the toes; anastomoses, plantaris medialis, dorsalis pedis. a. planta'ris media'lis [BNA], medial (internal) plantar, one of the terminal branches of the tibialis posterior; distribution, inner side of the sole of the foot; anastomoses, dorsalis pedis, plantaris lateralis. a. poplite'a [BNA], continuation of femoral in the popliteal space, bifurcating at the lower border of the popUteus muscle into the tibialis anterior and posterior; branches, genu superior lateralis and medialis, genu inferior lateralis and medialis, and surales. a. prin'cep ervi'cis, de cending ramus of the occipitalis [BNA]; origin, occipita s; distribution , complexus and trapezius muscles ; anastomoses , cervicalis superficialis and branches of vertebralis and cervicalis profunda. a. prin'ceps pol'licis [BNA], origin, radialis; dis- tribution, volar surface and sides of thumb; anasto- moses, arteries on dorsum of thumb. a. profun'da bra'chii LBNA], profunda brachii superior; o igin, brachialis; distribution, humerus and muscles and integument of arm; anastomoses, recurrens radialis, interossea recurrens, collateralis ulnaris, cir- cumflexa. humeri posterior. a. profun'da bra'chii infe'rior, a. collateralis ulnaris superior [BNA]. a. profun'da bra'chii supe'rior, a. profunda brachi; [BNA]. a. profun'da cUtor'idis [BNA], deep artery of the clitoris; a small vessel supplying the body of the chtoris, derived from the a. clitoridis. a. profun'da fem'oris [BNA], deep artery of the thigh; origin, femoralis; branches, circumflexa femoris latera- lis, circumflexa femoris medialis,- perforans (3 or 4). a. profun'da lin'guae [BNA], deep artery of the tongue, ranine artery; termination of lingual; distribu- tion, muscles and mucous membrane of under surface of tongue. a. profun'da pe'nis [BNA], deep artery of the penis; origin, a. penis; distribution, corpus cavernosum penis. a. puden'da exter'na profun'da [BNA], deep external pudendal (pudic) artery; origin, femoral; distribution, integument of scrotum, or labia majora; anastomoses, pudenda externa superficialis and spermatica externa, or a. ligamenti teretis uteri. a. puden'da exter'na superflcia'lis [BNA], superficial external pudendal (pudic) artery; origin, femoralis; ■ distribution, root of dorsum penis, or mons Veneris, and skin of lower abdomen; anastomoses, pudenda ex- terna profunda, epigastrica superficialis. a. puden'da inter'na [BNA], pudica interna; origin, anterior division of hypogastrica; branches, haemor- rhoidalis inferior, perinei, scrotales (or labiales) posteriores, penis, urethralis, bulbi urethras (bulbi vestibuli vaginee), profunda penis, dorsalis penis (clito- ridis, profunda clitoridis, dorsalis clitoridis) . a. pulmona'lis [BNA], origin, right ventricle of the heart; distribution, the lungs; branches, right and left. a, pylor'ica, a. gastrica dextra [BNA], a, radia'lis [BNA], origin, brachialis; branches, re- currens radialis, metacarpes dorsales, digitales dorsales, ARTERIA 84 ARTERIA princeps pollicis, metacarpeee volares, and muscular, carpal, and perforating fami, d. radia'lis in'dicis, a. volaris indicis radialis (BNA]. a. rani'na, ranine, a. profunda linguae [BNA]. a. recur'rens radia'lis [BNA], origin, radialis; dis- tribution, supinator and extensor muscles; anastomoses, profunda brachii. a. recur'rens tibia'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, tibialis anterior; distribution, superior tibiofibular articulation and tibialis anterior muscle; ana^/omosw, genu (articu- lar) arteries, circumflexa femoris lateralis, and genu suprema. a. recur'rens tibia'lis poste'rior [BNA], an occasional branch of the tibialis anterior ; distribution, back of knee- joint; anastomoses^ genu inferior medialis and lateralis. a. recur'rens ulna'ris [BNA], one of two (anterior and posterior) recurrent branches of the ulnaris; distribution, elbow-joint and adjacent muscles; anas- tomoses, coUateralis ulnaris superior and inferior. a. rena'lis [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, ureteral, perirenal, and glandular rami, and suprarenalis inferior; distribution, kidney. a. sacra'lis latera'lis [BNA], lateral sacral; origin, posterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, region of coccyx and sacrum; anastomoses, sacralis media, glutsea superior, glutsea inferior. a. sacra'lis me'dia [BNA], middle sacral; origin, back of abdominal arota just above the bifurcation; distribution, lower lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and coccyx; anastomoses, sacralis lateralis, hasmorrhoidalis superior and media. a. scrota'lis ante'rior [BNA], termination of the pudenda externa profunda. a. scrota'lis poste'rior [BNA], one of several twigs derived from the a. perinei, distributed to the posterior portion of the scrotum. a. sigmoid' ea [BNA], origin, mesenterica inferior; distribution, descending colon and sigmoid flexure; anastomoses, colica sinistra, hasmorrhoidalis superior. a. spermafica ezter'na [BNA], cremasterica; origin, epigastrica inferior; distribution, coverings of sper- matic cord; anastomoses, pudenda externa, sperxna- tica, and a. perinei. a. spermafica inter'na [BNA], origin, aorta; branches, ureteral, cremasteric, epididymal rami, and a. testicu- laris; distribution, parts designated by names of branches; anastomoses, branches of renal, epigastrica inferior, deferentialis. a. sphenopalati'na [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, posterior portion of outer nasal wall and septum; anastomoses, branches of palatina descendens, labialis superior, and infraorbitalis. a. spina'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, vertebralis; distribution, spinal cord and pia mater; anastomoses, branches of intercostales and lumbales. a. spina'lis poste'rior [BNA], origin, vertebralis; distribution, medulla, spinal cord, and pia mater; anastomoses, spinal branches of intercostales. a. ster"noclei"domastoid'ea [BNA], origin, occipitaX; distribution, muscle of the same name; anastomoses, sternocleidomastoid ramus of the thyroidea superior. a. stylomastoid'ea [BNA], origin, auricularis poste- rior; distribution, external auditory meatus, mastoid cells, semicircular canals, stapedius muscle, and vesti- bule; anastomoses, tympanic branches of carotis in- terna and pharyngea ascendens, and auditory branch of basilaris. a. subcla'via [BNA], origin, right from anonyma (innominate), left from arch of aorta; branches, verte- bralis, thyroid axis (truncus thyreocervicalis), mam- maria interna; superior intercostal (truncus costo- cervicalis) ; it is directly continuous with the axillaris. a. sublingua'lis [BNA], origin, Hngualis; distribu- tion, muscles of tongue; anastomoses, submentalis. a. submenta'lis [BNA], maxillaris externa (facial); distribution, mylohyoid muscle, submaxillary and sublingual glands, and structures of lower Hp; anasto- moses, labialis inferior, mental branch of alveolaris inferior, sublingualis, and inferior coronary ramus of maxillaris externa. a. subscapula'ris [BNA], origin, axillaris; branch, circumflexa scapulaj; distribution, muscles of shoulder and scapular region; anastomoses, branches of trans- versa colli, transversa scapulas, thoracalis lateralis, and intercostals. a. superficia'lis vo'lse, ramus volaris superficialis [BNA]; origin, radialis; distribution, ball of thumb; anastomoses, som.etimes with ulnaris to form superficia palmar arch (arcus vojaris superficialis) . a. supraorbita'lis [BNA], origin, ophthalmica; dis- tribution, frontalis muscle and scalp; anastomoses, branches of the temporalis superficialis and frontalis. a. suprarena'lis infe'rior [BNA], origin, renalis; distribution, suprarenal body; anastomoses, suprarenalis media. a. suprarena'lis me'dia [BNA], capsularis media; origin, aorta; distribution, suprarenal bodies; anasto- moses, suprarenalis superior and inferior. a. suprascapula'ris, a. transversa scapulse [BNA]. a. sura'lis [BNA], artery of the calf; one of four or^ five arteries arising (sometimes by a common trunk)" from the poplitea; distribution, muscles and integument of the calf; anastomoses, tibialis posterior, genu inferior medialis and lateralis. a. tarse'a latera'lis [BNA], origin, dorsalis pedis; distribution, tarsal joints and extensor brevis digitorum muscle; anastomoses, arcuata, peronaea anterior, plan- taris lateralis, malleolaris anterior lateralis; a. tarse'a media'Us [BNA], one of two small branches of the dorsalis pedis ; distribution, medial malleolar rete. a. tempora'lis profun'da [BNA], two in number anterior and posterior; origin, maxillaris interna; dis- tribution, temporal muscle; anastomoses, branches of temporalis superficialis, lacrimalis, and meningea media. a. tempora'lis me'dia [BNA], origin, temporalis superficialis; distribution, temporal fascia and muscle; anastomoses, branches of maxillaris interna. a. tempora'lis superficia'lis [BNA], origin, is a termi- nal branch of the external carotid; branches, trans- versa faciei, temporalis media, zygomaticoorbitalis, and parotid, anterior auricular, frontal, and parietal rami. a. testicula'ris [BNA], origin, spermatica interna; distribution, testicle. a. thoraca'lia latera'lis [BNA], lateral thoracic, long thoracic, external mammary; origin, axillaris; distribu- tion, thoracic muscles and mammary gland; anasto- moses, branches of thoracoacromialis, intercostal, and subscapularis. a. thoraca'lis supre'ma [BNA], superior thoracic; origin, axillaris; distribution, muscles of chest; anasto- moses, branches of transversa scapulas, mammaria interna, and thoracoacromialis. a. thora'cica lon'ga, a. thoracalis lateralis [BNA]. a. thoracoacromia'lis [BNA], acromiothoracic; origin, axillaris; distribution, muscles and skin of shoulderand upper chest; amistomoses, branches of thoracalis suprema, mammaria interna, thoracalis lateralis, cir- cumflexa humeri posterior and anterior, and transversa scapulee. a. thoracodorsa'lis [BNA], origin, axillaris; distribu- tion, muscles of upper part of back; anastomoses, branches of thoracalis lateralis. a. thy'mica [BNA], origin, mammaria interna; dis- tribution, thymus gland. a. thyreoid'ea i'ma [BNA], lowest thyroid, an incon- stant artery; origin, arch of aorta or anonyma (innomi- nate) artery; distribution, thyroid gland. a. thyreoid'ea infe'rior [BNA], inferior thyroid; origin, truncus thyreocervicalis; branches, cervicalis ascendens, laryngea inferior, and muscular, esophageal, and tracheal rami. a. thyreoid'ea supe'rior [BNA], superior thyroid; origin, external carotid; bra^iches, infrahyoid branch, laryngea superior, thyreolaryngea, sternocleido- mastoidea, a cricothyroid and two terminal branches. a. thyreolarynge'a, origin, thyreoidea superior; dis- tribution, larynx and thyroid gland. a. tibia'lis ante'rior [BNA], origin, poplitea; branches, recurrens tibialis posterior and anterior, malleolaris anterior lateralis and medialis, dorsalis pedis, tarsea 1 ateralis, tarseje mediales, metatarseas dorsales, and digitales dorsales. a. tibia'lis poste'rior [BNA], the larger and more directly continuous of the two terminal branches of the ARTERIA 85 ARTERIOTOME poplitea; branches, peronsea, nutricia fibulae, malleolaris posterior lateralis and medialis, nutricia tibiae, plan- taris medialis and lateralis, metatarsese plantares, digitales plantares, and various communicating and perforating rami. a. transver'sa col'li [BNA], a, transversalia colli; origin, truncus thyr.ocervicalis; branches, cervicalis superficialis, muscular and descending rami. a. transver'sa facie'i [BNA], transverse facial; origin, temporalis superficialis; distribution, parotid gland, Stensen's duct, masseter muscle, and overlying skin; anastomoses, infraorbital and buccal branches of maxillaris interna, and buccal and masseteric branches of maxillaris externa. a. transver'sa scap'ulse [BNA], suprascapular; origin, truncus thyreocervicalis; distribution, clavicle, scaptda, muscles of shoulder, and shoulder-joint; anastomoses, subscapular, posterior scapular, and dor&alis scapulee. a. transversa' lis col'li, a. transversa colli [BNA.] a. tympan'ica ante'rior [BNA], origin, maxillaris interna; distribution, tympanum; anastomoses, tym- panic branches of carotis interna and pharyngea ascendens, and stylomastoidea. a. tympan'ica infe'rior [BNA], inferior tympanic; origin, pharyngea ascendens; distribution, tympanum of the ear; anastomoses, tympanic branches of other arteries. a. tympan'ica poste'rior [BNA], origin, stylomas- ' toidea ; distribution, tympanic cavity ; anastomoses, tympanic branches of maxillaris interna. a. tympan'ica supe'rior [BNA], origin, meningea media; distribution, tympanum. a. ulna'ris [BNA], origin, brachialis; branches, re- currentes ulnares, interosseag, digitales volares. a. umbiUca'lis [BNA], before birth is continuation of iliaca communis; after birth it is obliterated between bladder and umbilicus, forming the lateral umbilical ligament, the remaining portion, between a. hypo- gastrica and bladder, being reduced in size and giving off the superior vesical arteries. a. urethra'lis [BNA], origin, a. penis; distribution, membranous urethra. a. uteri' na [BNA], origin, anterior division of hypo- gastrica; distribution, uterus, upper part of vagina, round ligament, and inner part of Fallopian tube; anastomoses, ovarica, vaginalis, epigastrica inferior. a. vagina'Iis [BNA], origin, anterior division of hypo- gastrica; distribution, vagina, base of bladder, rectum; anastomoses, uterina, pudenda interna. a. vertebra'lis [BNA], origin, subclavia; branches, spinalis posterior, spinalis anterior, tt. cerebelli inferior posterior, and various muscular, meningeal, and spinal branches; the two vertebrals unite to form the basilar; anastomoses, descending ramus of occipitalis and cervicalis profunda. a. vesica'Us infe'rior [BNA], origin, anterior division of hypogastrica; distribution, base of bladder, ureter, and (in the male) seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and prostate; anastomoses, haemorrhoidalis media, and other vesical branches. a. vesica'lis supe'rior [BNA], origin, umbilicalis; distribution, bladder, urachus, ureter; anastomoses, other vesical branches. a. vidia'na, a. canalis pterygoidei [BNA]. a. vola'ris in'dicis radia'lis [BNA], radialis indicis; origin, radialis; distribution, radial side of index fingei. a. zygomaf'icoorbita'lis [BNA], orbital; origin, temporalis superficialis, sometimes temporalis media; distribution , orbicularis palpebrarum muscle , and portion of orbit; anastomoses, lacrimalis and palpe- bral branches of ophthalmica. arteriag'ra. Ant erics clerosis of gouty origin. arte'rial. Relating to one or more arteries or to the entire system of arteries. arterialization (ar-te"r![-al-i-za'shun). i. leaking or becoming arterial; aeration of the blood whereby it is changed in character from venous to arterial. 2. Vascularization. arteriarctia (ar-te-rTt-ark'shl-ah) [L. arciare, to constrict.] Narrowing of the arteries- vasocon- traction. arteri'asis. Generalized arteriosclerosis.* arteriecta'sia [G. ektasis, distention.] Dilatation of the arteries, vasodilatation. arteriocap'illary. Relating to both arteries and capillaries, a. fibro'sis, arteriosclerosis, affecting especially the walls of the capillaries and terminal arterioles. arteriococcygeal gland (ar-te"r!(-o-kok'-sij'e-al). Glomus coccygeunv arteriofibro'sis. Arteriosclerosis. arte'riogram [G. gramma, a drawing.] Sphyg- mogram arteriog'raphy [G. grapho, I write, I register.] i. Sphygmography. 2. Description of the arteries. arteri'ola [L. dim. of arieria.] Arteriole, a. rec'ta, one of the arterioles going to the pyramids in the cortex of the kidney. arte'riole [L. arteriola.] A minute artery; a terminal artery continuous with the capillary network. arte'riolith. A calcareous deposit in the wall of an artery or in a thrombus. arteriol'ogy. The part of anatomy which deals with the arteries; usually associated with the study of the other vessels under the name angi- ology. arteriomala''cia [G. m-alakia, softness.] Softening of the arteries. arteriom'eter [G. m.etron.. measure.] An instru-r ment for measuring the diam,eter of an artery, or its change in size during pulsation. arteriomyomatosis (ar-te"r[-o-mi-o-nia.-to'sis) [L. arteria, artery, + G. mys, muscle, -\ — oma -{--osit.] Thickening of the walls of an artery by an overgrowth of muscular fibers arranged irregularly, intersecting each other without any definite relation to the axis of the vessel. arteriop'athy [G. pathos, sufferingj Any disease of the arteries. arteriophlebot'omy [G. arteria + phleps(phleb-), vein, + tome, a cutting.] Bloodletting from the minute arterioles and veinlets by scarification of the skin or mucous membrane. arteriopla'nia [G. plane, a straying.] The presence of an anomaly in the course of an artery. arte'rioplas"ty [G. arteria, artery, + plasso, I form.] IVTatas'* operation for aneurysm. arteriopressor (ar-te"ri-o-pres'or). Causing increased blood-pressure in the arteries. arterior'rhaphy [G. arteria, artery, -i- rhaphe, seam^ Suture of an artery. arteriorrhex'is [G. rhexts, rupture.] Rupture of an artery. arteries clero'sis [G. arteria + sklerosis, a hardening.] Arterial sclerosis; a fibrous overgrowth, mainly of the inner coat of an artery, associated with degenerative changes in the middle coat, causing thickening of the arterial wall with loss of elasticity and contractility, decres'cent form of a., senile form, that occurring as one of the manifestations of senile involution. arteriosclerot'ic. Relating to or affected by arteriosclerosis. arterios'ity. A state of being arterial, noting the aeration of the blood. arteriosteno'sis [G. arteria + stenosis, a narrowing.] Narrowing of the caliber of an artery, either temporary, through vasoconstriction, or per- manent, through arteriosclerosis. arteriosto'sis [G. osteon, bone.] Calcification of the arterial walls. arteriostrep'sis [G. arteria + strepsis, a twisting.] Twisting of the divided end of an artery for the arrest of bleeding. arte'riotome. A lancet for performing arteriotomy. ARTERIOTOMY 86 ARTHROPATHY arteriot'omy [G. arteria + tome, incision.] Blood- letting from an artery, usually the temporal. arteriotony (ar-te-ri-ot'o-ni) [G. arteria. artery, + tonos, tension.] Blood pressure; the intra-arte- rial tension of the blood. arte"riove'nous. Relating to both an artery and a vein or to both arteries and veins in general ; both arterial and venous. arteriover'sion [L. arteria, artery, + versio, a turn- ing.] The arrest of hemorrhage from the open end of an artery by everting the wall of the vessel. arteriover'ter. An instrument for facilitating arterio- version. arteritis (ar-te-ri'(re')tis). Inflammation of an artery, a. defor'mans, endarteritis deformans chronic inflammation of the intima with thick- ening and subsequent degeneration, a. nodo'sa, periarteritis nodosa, a. oblit'erans, obliterating a., endarteritis* obliterans. ar'tery [L. arieria.'\ A blood-vessel conveying blood in a direction away from the heart; with the exception of the piilmonary artery, the arteries convey red or aerated blood. For the table of the arteries, see under arteyia. nu'trient a,, an artery carrying blood to the interior of a bone, ve'nous a., arteria pulmonalis. anomalous course, arterioplania. calculus, arteriolith. contraction, arteriostenosis, arteriarctia. description of, arteriography, dilatation, aneurysm, arteriectasia. disease,, arteriopathy, arteriosclerosis, arteriofibrosis, atheroma, arteriomalacia, arteriostosis, arteriasis. drawing blood from, arteriotomy. inflammation, arteritis; of inner tunic,, endarteritis* of middle tunic, mesarteritis; of outer tunic, exarteritis, periarteritis. narrowing, arteriarctia, arteriostenosis. ossification, arteriostosis. recording pulsations, arteriography, sphygmography. rupture, arteriorrhexis. science of, arteriology. small, arteriole, softening, arteriomala- cia. suture, arteriorrhaphy. terminal, telangion. torsion, arteriostrepsis. union of two arteries (normal or surgical), anastomosis. ai'thigon. Trade name of a gonococcus stock vaccine containing 20 million to the cubic centi- meter. arthrag'ra [G. arthron, joint, + agra, seizure.] Articular gout. ar'thral [G. arthron, joint.] Relating to a joint; articular. arthral'gia [G. arthron, joint, + algos, pain.] Severe pain in a joint, especially one not inflammatory in character; arthrodynia. a. saturni'na, severe pain on movement, chiefly flexion, of the joints of the lower extremities, in cases of lead poisoning. arthral'gic. Relating to or affected with arthralgia ; arthrodynic. arthrec'tomy [G. arthron, joint, + ehtome, excision.] Exsection of a joint. arthrempyesis (ar-threm-pi-e'sis) [G. arthron, joint, -t- empyesis, suppuration.] The presence of pus in a joint. artluifuge (ar'thrl-fuj) [arthritis + L. fugare, to chase away.] A gout remedy. arthrit'ic. i. Relating to arthritis. 2. Gouty. arthritide (ar'thri-ted) [Fr.] A skin eruption of as- sumed gouty or rheumatic origin. arthritis (ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. arthron, joint, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of a joint, a. defor'mans, a chronic disease, of vmcertain origin, affecting the structures of one or more of the joints, pro- ducing deformity and loss of function, a. defor'mans juveni'lis, Perthes-Legg disease, a. chronic deforming osteochondritis occurring in early life. a. fungo'sa, white swelling; chronic inflammation, usually tuberculous, of a joint, commonly the knee, with proliferation of the synovial fringes producing a boggy swelling, a. nodo'sa, (i) a. deformans; (2) gout. a. urat'ica, gout, chron'ic rheumat'ic a., a. deformans, rheu'matoid a., the atrophic form of a. deformans. ar'thritism. A condition in which one is prone to various inflammatory processes of a gouty nature in the joints and skin. arthrobacte'rium [G. arthron, joint.] A bacterium in which reproduction occurs by segmentation or fission without endogenous spore formation. arthrocace (ar-throk'a-se) [G. arthron, joint, -t- kake, badness.] Caries of a joint. aithrocele (ar'thro-sel) [G. arthron, joint, + kell, hernia, tumor.] i. Hernia of the synovial mem- brane through the capsule of a joint. 2. Any swelling of a joint. arthrochondritis (ar"thro-kon-dri'(dre')tis) [G. ar- thron, joint, + chondros, cartilage, + -itis.1 Inflammation of an articular cartilage. arthrocla'sia [G. arthron, joint, + klasis, a break- ing.] The forcible breaking up of the adhesions in ankylosis. arthrocli'sis [G. arthron, joint, + kleisis, a shutting up.] Ankylosis of a joint. arthrod'esis [G. arthron, joint, -I- desis, a binding together ] The stiffening of a joint by operative means. arthro'dia [G. arihrodia, a gliding joint.] Gliding joint, a spherical joint in which the opposing surfaces are nearly planes and in which there is only a slight, gliding motion, as in the articular processes of the vertebrse. doub'lc a., amphiar- throsis. arthro'dlal. Relating to arthrodia. arthrodyn'ia [G. arthron, joint, + odyne, pain.] Pain in a joint, arthralgia. arthrodyn'ic. Relating to or suffering from arthro- dynia; arthralgic. arthroempyesis (ar"thro-em-pi-e'sis). Arthrem- pyesis. arthrogenous (ar-throj'en-us) [G. arthron, joint, + gennao, I produce.] i. Of articular origin, starting from a joint. .1. Forming an articulation, a. spore, arthrospore. arthrog'raphy [G. arthron, joint, + grapho, I de- scribe.] A treatise on the joints. arthrogryposis (ar"thro-gri-po'sis) [G. arthron, joint, + grypasis, a crooking.] Retention of a joint in a flexed position, due to muscular contraction or to intracapsular or extracapsular adhesions. ar'throlith [G. arthron, joint, + lithos, stone.] A gouty deposit in a joint; chalk-stone. arthrolithi'asis. Articular gout. arthrol'ogy [G. arthron, articulation, -I- -tog«o.] The branch of science which has to do with the joints. arthrolysis (ar-throl'l-sis) [G. arthron, joint, + lysis, ^ a loosening.] The restoration of mobility in stiff and ankylosed joints. arthromeningitis (ar"thro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. arthron, joint, -I- meninx, membrane, + -itis.] Inflammation of the membranes of g. joint; synovitis. arthrometer (ar-throm'e-tur) [G. arthron, joint, -|- meiron, measure.] An instrument for measur- ing the degree of motion in a joint, the range of mobility being registered on a dial. arthrometry (ar-throm'e-tri) [See arthrometar.] Measurement of the range of movement in a joint. arthron'cus [G. arthron, joint, 4- onkos, tumor.] I. Swelling of a joint. 2. A joint tumor. arthroneural'gia. Arthralgia. arthrop'athy [G arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering.] ARTHROPATHY 87 ARTICULATIO Any disease, especially a trophonettrosis, affecting a joint, osteopul'monary a., pulmonary osteo- arthropathy.* tabet'ic a., Charcot's disease, an enlargement of a joint, due to rarefying osteitis, often associated by spontaneous fractures, occur- ring in tabes dorsalis. arthroph'lysis [G. arthron, joint, -|- phlysis, erup- tion.] An eczematous eruption in gouty or rheumatic subjects. ' arthrophy'ma [G. arthron, joint, + phyma, swelling, tumor.] An articular tumor or swelling. arthrophyte (ar'thro-fit) [G. arthron, joint, -I- phyton, plant, growth.] A neoplasm in a joint. ar'throplasty [G. arthron, joint, -I- plasso, I form.] 1. The making of an artificial joint in case of bony ankylosis. 2 An operation to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional power of a joint. ar'thiopod [G. arthron, joint, + pous(pod-), foot, limb.] A jointed-limbed invertebrate animal. Arthrop'oda [see arthropod.] A phylum of the Metazoa, which includes insects, myriapods, arachnids, crustaceans, and protracheata. arthropyo'sis [G. arthron, joint, + pyosis, suppura- tion.] Suppuration in a joint. arthrorrheu'matism. Articular rheumatism. arthiosclcTOsis (ar"thro-skle-ro'sis) [G. arthron, joint, + sklerosis, hardening.] Stiffness of the joints, especially in the aged. arthro'sis [G.] 'i. A joint. 2. A trophic degenera- tive affection of a joint, a. defor'mans, arthritis deformans. ar'throspore [G. arthron, joint, -I- sporos, spore.] A large spore with thickened wall, formed by seg- mentation, and having a greater power of resist- ance than an endospore. arthrosteitis (ar-thros-te-i'(e')tis) [G. arthron, joint, + osteon, bone, + -itis^ Inflammation of the osseous structures of a joint. arthrostomy (ar-thros'to-me) [G. arthron, joint, + stoma, mouth.] The establishment 'of a tem- porary opening into a joint cavity. arthrosyuovitis (ar'thro-si-no-vi'(ve')tis) [G. arthron, joint, + synovia, + -itis."] Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint. ar'throtome. A large strong scalpel used in cutting cartilaginous and other tough joint-structures. arthrot'omy [G. arthron, joint, + tome, cutting.] Cutting into a joint. ar"throty'phoid. Typhoid fever with joint symp- toms simulating rheumatism. arthroxesis (ar-throks'e-sis) [G. arthron, joint, -f- xesis, scraping.] Removal of diseased tissue from a joint by means of the sharp spoon or other scraping instrument. Arthus's "phenom'enon (ar-tus') [Maurice Arthus, French bacteriologist, contemporary.] A phe- nomenon of anaphylaxis in which a guinea-pig, after receiving several injections of normal horse serum, develops an abscess, edema, or gangrene at the site of the last injection, becomes cachectic, and dies. ar'tiad [G. artios, even.] In cheniistry, an element of even valence, a dyad, tetrad, orhexad; see perissad. ar'ticle [L. articulus, joint.] A joint or articu- lation. artic'ular. Relating to a joint. artic'ulate [L. articulate, to connect.] 1. To join together so as to allow motion between the parts. a. In dentistry, to adjust artificial teeth in their proper positions. 3. To speak clearly and con- nectedly. 4. Articulated, jointed. 5 Distinct and connected, noting speech artic'ulated. Jointed, a. skel'eton, mounted skel- eton, one with the various parts connected in such a way as to allow of motion as in the living body. articula'tio [L.] 1. Articulation, joint. 2. Articu- lation, speech. a. acro'^mioclavicular'is [BNA], acromioclavicular articulation. a. atlan''teoepistroph'ica [BNA], atlanteoepistrophic, atloaxoid, or atlanto-odontoid articulation. a. atlan''tooccipita'lis [BNA], atlanto-occipital or atlo-occipital articulation. a. calca"neocuboid'ea [BNA], calcaneocuboid articu- lation. articulatio'nes capitulc'rum costa'rum [BNA], articu- lations of the heads of the ribs. articulatio'nes carpometacarpe'se [BNA], carpometa- carpal articulations. a. carpometacaipe'a ponicis [BNA], carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. a. cochlea'ris [BNA], spiral or cochlear joint, a modi- fication of the ginglymus, in which the configuration o the opposing surfaces is such that fiexion is accom- panied with more or less lateral deviation; as in the elbow-joint. a. compos'ita [BNA], compound joint, one in which three or more bones enter, or in which the socket is composed partly of ligamentous structures. articulatio'nes costotransversa'rige [BNA], costo- transverse articulations, articulations of the ribs with the transverse processes of the vertebra. articulatio'nes costovertebra'les [BNA], costoverte- bral or costocentral articulations, articulations of the ribs with the bodies of the vertebra. a. cox'ffi [BNA], hip-joint. a. cricoarytasnoid'ea [BNA], cricoarytenoid articula- tion. a. cricothyreoid'ea [BNA], cricothyroid articulation. a. cu'biti [BNA], elbow-joint. a. cuneonavicular'is [BNA], cuneonavicular or cuneo- scaphoid articulation. articulatio'nes digito'rum man'us [BNA], articula- tions of the digits of the hand, finger joints. articulatio'nes digito'rum pe'dis [BNA], articulations of the digits of the foot, toe-joints. a. ellipsoid'ea [BNA], elliptical, ellipsoidal, or condy- loid joint, a biaxial joint in which the contour of the opposing surfaces is an ellipsoid, thus allowing of motion in two planes; as in the atlanto-occipital articulation. a. ge'nu [BNA], knee-joint. a. hu'meri [BNA], humeral articulation, shoulder- joint. a. humeroradia'lis [BNA], humeroradial articula- tion. a', humeroulnar'is, humero-ulnar articulation. a. incu"domalleDlar'is [BNA], incudomalleolar joint, articulation of the anvil and the hammer, the head of the malleus fitting into a saddle-shaped articular sur- face on the body of the incus. a. incu"dostape'dia [BNA], incudostapedial joint, the articulation of the head of the stapes with the lenticular process on the long limb of the incus. a. intercar'pea [BNA], intercarpal articulation. articulatio'nes interchondra'les costa'rum [BNA], interchondral articulations of the ribs. articulatio'nes intermetacar'peae [BNA], intermeta- carpal articulations. articulatio'nes intertar'seae [BNA], intertarsal articu- lations. a. mandibula'ris [BNA], mandibular or maxillary articulation, jaw-joint. articulatio'nes man'us [BNA], joints of the hand. articulatio'nes metacarpophalange'ae [BNA], meta- carpophalangeal articulations . articulatio'nes metatarsophalange'se [BNA], meta- tarsophalangeal articulations, articulatio'nes ossiculo'rum audi'tus [BNA], articu- lations of the auditory ossicles. a. os'sis pisifor'mis [BNA], articulation of the pisi- form bone. articulatio'nes pe'dis [BNA], joints of the foot. a. radiocar'pea [BNA], radiocarpal joint, wrist-joint. a. ladioulnar'is dista'lis [BNA], distal radio-ulnar articulation. ARTICULATIO ASCARIDES a. radioulnar'is proxima'lis [BNA], proximal radio- ulnar articulation. , a. sacroili'aca [BNA], sacroiliac joint. a. seUar'is [BNA], saddle-joint, a biaxial joint in which the double motion is effected by the opposition of two surfaces each of which is concave in one direction and convex in the other; as 'u the carpometacarpal articulation of the thumb. a. sim'plex [BNA], simple joint, one composed of two bones only. ■<■ • a. sphseroid'ea [BNA], spherical or spheroid joint; a multiaxial joint, one in which the opposing surfaces are spherical; the two forms are arthrodia and enarthrosis. a. sternoclavicular'is [BNA], sternoqlavicular articu- lation. articulatio nes sternocosta'les [BNA], sternocostal articulations. a. talocalca'nea [BNA], talocalcaneal or astragalo- calcaneal articulation. a. talocalcaneonavicular'is [BNA], articulation be- tween the talus, or astragalus, the calcaneus, or os calcis, and the navicular, or scaphoid bone. a. talocruraVis [BNA], talocrural articulation, ankle- joint. a. talonavicular'is [BNA], talonavicular or astragalo- scaphoid articulation. a. tar'si transver'sa [BNA], transverse tarsal articu- lation, Chopart's* joint. articulatio' nes tarsometatar'seae [BNA], tarsometa- tarsal articulations. a. tibiofibular'is [BNA], tibiofibular articulation. a. trochoid' ea [BNA], trochoid, rotary, or pivot joint, in which a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a corresponding cavity on the other, as in the superior radio-ulnar articulation. articulation (ar-tik"u-la'shun). i. A jointing or connecting together loosely so as to allow of motion between the parts. 2. The fitting of an artificial tooth in its proper position in the dental arch. 3. A joint. 4. Distinct connected speech; enunciation. artic'ulator. 1. An instrument by means of which artificial teeth are properly adjusted or articu- lated. 2. An appliance for bringing the teeth of the two jaws into apposition artic'ulatory. Relating to articulate speech. ar'tifact [L. ars, art, + factus, made.] Artefact, an apparent lesion in a pathological or histological specimen, not existing during life, but made accidentally in the process of dissection or mounting the specimen. artificer (ar-tif'i-sur) [L. artificiunt, a craft.] ]\techanical man, one who does the mechanical work (making plates, etc.) in dentistry. artificial (ar-tl-fish'al) [L. ars, art, + facere, to make.] Xot natural, manufactured; made in imitation of nature, a. feed'ing, feeding an infant with other than breast-milk. a. food, any prepared food, especially one for infants, a. respira'tion, the maintenance of the respiratory movements, in case of suspended animation, by rhythmical compression of the chest wall or other means: see Howard, Laborde, Marshall Halt, Schafer, Silvester, Buist, Byrd-Dew, Doe, and Schulize. Artiodac'tyla [G. artios, even in number, -I- daktylos, finger.] A division of the ungulate or hoofed animals, having toes even in number, two or four; all ruminant animals and hog-like ungulates are artiodactylic. artiodactylic (ar"tI-o-dak-til'ik). Having an even number (two or four) of toes on each foot, noting the ruminants and certain other ungulate ani- mals. Art'mann's cre'olln. A compound of phenols and sulphuric acid employed as an external antiseptic and disinfectant. a'nim. The root of Arum maculatum, spotted arum, adder's root, a plant of southern Europe; em- ployed in domestic medicine as a tonic in chlo- rosis. aryepiglottic (ar"I-ep-i-glot'ik). Arytenoep iglot- tidean; relating to the arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis; noting a fold of mucous mem- brane {plica aryepiglottica) and a muscle contain- ed in it {musculus aryepiglotticus). aryl group (ar'il groop) [aromatic + G. hyle, stuff.] In chemistry, a group of radicals of the aromatic or benzene series. arylar'sonate. A salt of an arylarsonic acid, destructive in general to spirochetes and similar protozoan organisms arylarson'ic acid. An arsonic acid to which a, radi- cal of the aryl group is attached. arytaenoideus (ar-it"e-no-id'e-us). [G. arytaina, a ladle, -I- eidos, resemblance.] Arytenoid. arytenoepiglottidean (ar-it"e-no-ep"i-gl6-tid'e-an) . Aryepiglottic. arytenec'tomy. Arytenoidectomy. aryt'enoid [G. arytaina, a ladle, -I- eidos, appearance.] Noting a cartilage {cartilago arytcenoidea) and a muscle (musculus arytcenoideus) of the larynx. aiytenoidec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Excision of an arytenoid cartilage. arytenoiditis (ar-it"e-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflamma- tion of an arytenoid cartilage. A. S. Abbreviation for auris sinistra, left ear. As. I. Abbreviation for astigmatism or astigmatic, 2. Symbol of arsenum. As.H., hyperopic astig- matism. As.M., myopic astigmatism. asafetida, asafoetida (as-ah-fet'i-dah) [Pers. ana, mastic, + L. fetidus, fetid.] (U. S. and Br.) A gum resin, the inspissated exudate from the root of Ferula fcstida, antispasmodic in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). The official preparations are: emulsum, pilules, and tinctura. asaph'ia [G. asapheia, obscurity.] Indistinctness in speech as'aprol. Abrastol, betanaphthol-alphamonosul- phonate; a slightly reddish, odorless, bitterish, soluble powder, employed as an antisepti' (ntipyretic, and analgesic, in doses of gr. 8—15 so. 5-1.0) as'arin, as'aron. Asanun camphor, CjoHjeOs, obtained from the root of Asarum europceunt, occurring in the form of yellowish white crystals antiseptic and tonic. As'arum. A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiacem. A. canaden'se, wild ginger, Indian ginger, Canada snakeroot; the rhizome and rootlets are official in the N.F. as asarum; employed as an aromatic stimulant and diapho- retic, in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0), and also in the compound syrup in dose of 3i (4.0). A. europae'um, hazelwort, European snakeroot; the root is used as an emetic and cathartic in doses of 5^-1 (2.0-4.0), and as an errhine in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). asbes'tos [G. unquenchable, a name anciently given to a mythical mineral that, once lighted, could not be extinguished; now applied to one that cannot be burned.] A fibrous form of horn- blende, consisting chiefly of magnesium silicate; used in the manufacture of incombustible clothing and as a covering for steam pipes, and in pharmacy as a filter material. ascari'asis. Ascaridiasis. ascaricide (as-kar'I-sid) [L. ca;dere, to kill.] i. Causing the death o! ascarides. 2 An agent which destroys ascarides. ascarides (as-kar'-l-dez) [pi. of ascaris.l Pinworms, ASCAKIDES Sg ASELLINE intestinal parasites of the species Oxyuris ver- Ttiicularis. ascaridi'asis. The presence of ascarides in the intestine and the symptoms caused thereby. As'caris [G askaris, pinworm.] A genus of lumbri- coid worms, of the ordei- Nemaioda or Nema- toidea, parasitic in the intestine and other parts. A. a'pri, Strongylus apri. A. ca'nis, k species common in dogs and cats, but rarely found in man. A. lumbricoi'des, round womi, a common intes- tinal parasite, especially in children-, a cylindrical worm, pointed at both ends, of a reddish or yel- lowish color, 2B to 30 cm. (8 to 12 inches) in length; various Teflex symptoms, restlessness, fever, and sometimes diarrhea, are attributed to its presence, but usually it causes no definite symptoms. A. marit'ima, a species, only once recorded as present in a child. A. mys'tax, a species parasitic in dogs, cats, and some wild car- nivores, and occasionally in man; it is charac- terized by a spatulate shape of the head pro- duced by lateral membranous expansions of the cuticle. A. trichiu'rus, Trichocephalus trichiurus. A. vennicula'ris, Oxyuris vermicularis. A. vis- cera'Us et renalis, Eusirongylus gigas. ascend'ing [L. ascendere, to go up.] Going upward, having an upward direction, a. aor'ta, the first part of the aorta between its origin from the heart and the arch of the aorta, a. colon, the first part of the colon in the right side of the abdomen, a. paral'ysis, paralysis beginning in . the peripheral muscles and involving successively those higher up. ascen'sus [L. ascent.] A moving upward; having an abnormally high position, a. u'teri, the eleva- tion of the uterus in the abdomen, independent of its increase in size, at a stage in pregnancy. AS2(CH,)4. Cacodyl. Asch's operation [Morris J. Asch, American laryngologist, 1833-1902.] An operation for deviated nasal septum by means of crucial . incisions through the convex portion and then overlapping the flaps so as to straighten the septum. Ascherson's mem'brane (ahsh'er-son) [Ferdinand Moritz Ascherson, Berlin physician, 1798-1879.] A film of casein assumed by A. to surround the fat droplets in milk, preventing their coalescence. (The theory is asserted by Hammersten to be untenable.) A.'s yes'icles, minute fat droplets surrounded by a fUm of albumin, obtained by A. in shaking a mixture of oil and an albuminous fluid. Aschner's phenom'enon (ash'ner). Pressure on the eyeball causes a slowing of the pulse. As2(CH,)40. Cacodyl oxide. Aschoff bodies (ahsh'of bod'iz) [Ludwig Aschoff, German pathologist, *i866.] Rheumatic nodules in the myocardium. A. 's node, Aschoff- Tawara node, Koch's node, atrioventricular node.* asci (as'ki). Plural of ascus. ascites (a-si'(se')tez) [G. askos. a bag, + -ites.] An accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity; hydroperitoneum, abdominal dropsy. a. adipo'sus, chyliform a. a. chylo'sus, chylous a. chy'liform a., a. adiposus, the presence of a milky fluid, containing suspended fat, in the perit- oneal cavity, chy'lous a., a. chylosus, the presence of chyle in the peritoneal cavity, fatt'y a., chyliform a. milk'y a., chylous a., chyliform a., pseudochylous a., preag'onal a., an outpour of serum in the peritoneal cavity consequent upon an intense congestion of the viscera, sometimes immediately preceding death. pseu"dochy Ions a., the presence of a milky fluid in the peritoneal cavity; the fluid contains protein of some sort, but no fat. ascitic. Relating to ascites. Asclepiada'cese. An order of gamopetalous plants, which includes the milk-weed, or Asclepias. asclepi'adin. An amaroid contained in a number of species of Asclepias; it is emetic and diaphoretic in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0. 13). Ascle'pias [G. Asklepios, .(Esculapius.] A genus of plants of the natural order Asclepiadaceiz. A. curassav'ica, blood flower, bastard ipecac, a plant of the West Indies, the leaves and tops of which are astringent and anthelmintic in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0) of a fluidextract; locally hemos- tatic. A. incarna'ta, white Indian hemp, the root of which is expectorant, diuretic, and anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6-1.2). A. syri'aca, wild cotton, silk-weed, the root of which is employed in amenorrhea, dropsy, rheu- matism, and asthma in doses of 3i~i (2.0-4.0) of the fluidextract. A. tubero'sa, butterfly-weed, yellow milk-weed, pleurisy root, the root of which, official in the N.F. as asclepias, is em- ployed as a diuretic and cathartic in doses of gr. 20-60 (i . 3-4 . 0) ; the eclectic preparation, specific asclepias is made with 420 gr. in alcohol gi; dose a teaspoonful every hour of a mixture of 3 1 in water B2. as'clepin. A resinous extract from asclepias (the root of Asclepias iuberosa) employed in eclectic practice in pleurisy, pneumonia, and other affections of the respiratory apparatus, in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). as'cocarp [G. askos, bag, -I- karpos, fruit,] The sporocarp of Ascomycetes, producing asci and ascospores. ascococ'cus [G askos, a leather bag.] Billroth's term for a mass of cocci held together by a gelatinous or glairy substance. ascogo'nlum [G. askos, bag, + gonos, a begetting.] Archicarp. Ascoli reac'tion (ahs-ko'le) [Alberto Ascoli, Italian veterinarian, contemporary.] A precipitation test for anthrax ; the suspected material is boiled for a few minutes in physiological salt solution which is then filtered, and over it is gently poured a little specific serum; a precipitate occurs at the plane of contact if the material is from a case of anthrax. Ascomyce'tes [Cr. askos, a bag, -1- mykes, mushroom.] A family of fungi marked by long spore-con- taining cells; ergot, truffles, moulds, and yeasts belong to this family. as'cospore [G. askos, bag, -I- sporos, spore.] One of a number of spores contained in a sac or bag. as'cus [G. askos, bag.] The elongated spore-contain- ing cell of moulds, lichens, and other ascomycetes. -ase [G. asis, slime, colloid material.] A termination denoting an enzyme (of colloid structure); :t is suffixed to the name of the substance upon which the enzyme exerts its specific action. Thus a starch-splitting enzyme is called amylase, a fat- splitting enzyme lipase, etc. This rule is not strictly followed, since the enzyme sometimes receives a name indicating its general action rather than the body upon which it acts, the coagulating enzyme being called thrombase, an oxidizing enzyme, oxidase, etc. Asel'li's glands or pan'creas [Gaspar Aselli, Italian anatomist, 1581-1626.] A collection of lymph glands lying in the mesentery. aselline (S-sel'en). A poisonous leucomaine found in cod-liver oil. ASEMASIA 90 ASPIDOSPERMINE asema'sia [G. a- priv. + semasia, giving a signal.] Asymbolia (2). ase'mia [G. a- priv. + sema, sign.] Asymbolia (2). asep'sin. Acetbromanilide. asep'sls [G. a- priv. + sepsis, putrefaction.] A con- dition in which living pyogenic organisms are absent. asep'tic. Marked by or relating to asepsis, a. fe'ver, pjrrexia accompanied with malaise due to the absorption of dead, but not putrefactive, tissue following an injury, a. sur'gery, the per- formance of an operation, in a field free from pyogenic or septic germs, with sterilized hands, instruments, etc., preventing the introduction of germs from without. asepticism (S-sep'tl-sizm). The practice of aseptic surgery. , asep'ticize. To render aseptic or sterile. asep'tol. A 33J per cent, solution of orthophenol sulphonic acid; see acidum sulphocarholicum. asep'tolin. Name of pilocarpine phenate, an oily hquid employed in the treatment of tuberculosis and malaria in doses of 3 i-2 (2.0-8.0) of a 0.02 per cent, aqueous solution hypodermically. asez'ual. Without sex. asfenyl (as-fer'il) [As, chemical symbol of arsenic, + L. ferrum, iron, + G. hyle, stuff.] Trade name of a preparation, said to contain 23 per cent, arsenic and 18 per cent, iron; a greenish-yellow powder slightly soluble in water, employed in doses of gr. ^— J (0.02-0.04) twice daily. ash. I. A tree of the genus Fraxinus. z. What remains after any substance has been burned. ASH3. Hydrogen arsenide. asialia (a-si-a'li-ah) [G. a- priv. -I- sialon, saliva.] Arrest] or diminution in the secretion of saliva. asitia (a-sish'I-ah) [G. a- priv. + sitos, food.] Anorexia; distaste for food. asleep', i. In a state of sleep. 2. Paresthetic, not- ing the sensation of numbness and tingling in an extremity following temporary pressure on one of the nerve-trunks of the part. See ohdormiiion. AsjO;. Arsenous anhydride, arsenic trioxide, ordi- nary arsenic, often called arsenous acid, which is properly HjAsOj. aso'mus [G. a- priv. + soma, body.] A monster with only a rudimentary body AsO.OH(CH3)2. Cacodylic acid. as"palaso'inus [G. aspalax, a mole, .-f soma, body.] A monster with eventration at the lower part of the abdomen, presenting three openings for intestine, bladder, and sexual organs, asparagin (as-par'a-jin). Althein, amidosuccina- mide, occurs in rhombic crystals; obtained from asparagus shoots and the roots of marshmallow, belladonna, liquorice, and several other plants; diuretic in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). ^■ mer'cury, hydrargyri amidosuccinamas. iisparagin'ic acid. Aspartic, or aminosuccinic acid. Aspar'agus. A genus of plants of the natural order Liliace(B. A. officina'Iis, an edible vegetable, the rhizome and roots of which, together with the young edible shoots, are employed as a diuretic in doses of 3i-4 (4.0-16.0) of the fluidextract ; a syrup, tincture, and extract are also used. asparamide (as-par-am'id). Asparagin. aspartic acid (as-par'tik as'id). Alpha-amino- succinic acid, COOH.CH.NH2.CH ..COOH, a protein cleavage product formed during pan- creatic digestion, and obtained also from beet root in the process of making sugar. aspastic (a-spas'tik) . Not spastic, non-spastic. as'pect [L. aspectus, from aspiccre, to look at.] 1. Appearance, looks. -2. The side of an object which looks in any designated direction. asper'gillin. A black pigment obtained from various species of Aspergillus. aspergillosis (as-pur- jil-o'sis) . The presence of any species of Aspergillus in the tissues or on a mucous surface, and the symptoms produced thereby. au'ral a., otomycosis, pul'monary a., a destruc- tive disease of the lung due to the presence and growth of a fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus (as-pur-jil'us) [L. aspergere, to sprinkle.] A genus of fungi of the family Ascomycetes, con- taining many species of moulds, several with black spores. A. auricular'is, A. niger, a species found in the external auditory meatus. A. flaves'cens, a pathogenic form with yellowish spores. A. fumiga'tus, a form present in pulmon- ary aspergillosis. A. glau'cus, a blue mould on fruit. A. mucuroid'es, a form found in the lungs. A. nid'ulans, a species which causes one form of white mycetoma. A. ni'ger, a pathogenic form, with black spores often present in the external auditory meatus, A . auricularis; see otomycosis. aspermatism (i-spur'ma-tizm) [G. a- priv. -1- sperma, seed.] Deficiency of the secretion or incomplete ejaculation of semen. asper'mia. Aspermatism. asper'sion [L. aspersio, sprinkling.] A form of hydrotherapy in which water of a given tempera- ture is sprinkled on the body. asphyc'tic. i. Relating to or suffering from asphyxia. 2. Pulseless. asphyx'ia [G. a- priv. -I- sphyxis, pulse.] i. Uncon- sciousness due to suffocation or interference of any kind with oxygenation of the blood. 2. Absence of the pulse-beat. 3. Cyanosis, local or general, through interference with the cir- culation, a. liv'ida, a form of a. neonatorum in which the skin is cyanotic, but the heart is strong and the reflexes are preserved, a. neonato'rum, a. occurring in the newborn, a. pall'ida, a form of a. of the newborn, in whicji the skin is pale, the pulse weak and slow, and the reflexes abolished, lo'cal a., stagnation of the circulation, sometimes resulting in gangrene, of a limited part, especially of the fingers; one of the symptoms, usually associated with local syncope, of Raynaud's disease, traumat'ic a., pressure stasis, ecchymotic mask. * asphyx'ial. Relating to asphyxia, asphyctic. asphyx'iant. i. Asphyxiating, producing asphyxia. 2. Anything, especially a gas, which produces asphyxia. asphyx'iate. To induce asphyxia, to suffocate. as'pidin. An active principle, C23H28O7, contained in aspidium, or filix mas. aspid'ium (U.S.). Filix mas (Br.), the rhizome of Dryopteris fHix-mas, male fern; employed in the treatment of tapeworm, usually in the form of the official oleoresin, in doses of oi~^ (2.0-4.0). aspidosam'ine. A strong base, C^sH^jNjOj, derived from aspidosperma, or quebracho. Aspidosper'ma [G. aspis(aspid'), a shield, -f sperma, seed.] \ genus of trees of the family Apocyiacew, the dried bark of a species of which, A. quebracho- bianco, is the drug quebracho, official in the U.S. P. as aspidosperma; it has been employed in dyspnea in doses of 1115-60 (1.0-4.0) of the powder, or iti;6o (4.0) of the official fluid- extract. aspidospermine (as"pid-o-spur'inen). A base, CjjHjjNjO, obtained from aspidosperma, or quebracho. ASPIRATE 91 ASTHENOPIA as'pirate. i A sound having the breathing char- acter of the letter h. 2. To remove by suction or aspiration. aspira'tion. The withdrawal, by suction, of air or fluid from any of the body cavities, a. pneu- mo'nia, inhalation pneumonia.* as'piratoT. An apparatus for removing fluid by aspiration frorn. any of the body cavities; it con- sists usually of a hollow needle or trocar and cannula, connected by rubber tubing with a bottle or metal cylinder from which the air is exhausted by means of a sjnringe or reversed air pump. as'pirin. Trade name for acetyl-salicylic acid, a white powder employed in rheumatism and other affections as a substitute for salicylic acid and its salts, in doses of gr. 10—15 (0.6—1.0). as"pirolith'ine. Trade name of a combination of aspirin with acid citrotartrate of lithium; recom- mended in the treatment of gout and rheumatism in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6). aspi'rophen. Atnido-acetparaphenetidin acetyl- salicylate; a white crystalline powder; antipyretic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10—15 (° ■ ^""^ ■ °)- Asple'nium [G. asplenion, spleenwort.] A genus of ferns of the order Filices. A. adian'tum, black maidenhair, and A. rutamura'ria, wall-rue, are mildly stimulant and a.stringent. Asporocystin'ea [G. a- priv. -f- sporos, seed, H- kystis, bladder ] A suborder of ' Coccidiidia in which the sporoblasts have no sporocysts. asporogen'ic. Asporogenous. asporogenoiis (as-po-roj'en-us) [G. o- priv. -f sporos, spore, -I- gennao, I produce.] Not reproducing by spores. aspo'rous [G. o- priv. -f sporos, spore.] Having no spores, noting various bacteria. assafcetida. Asafetida. assana'tion. Sanitation. Ass^zat's tri'angle (ah-sa-zS') Qules AssSsat, French anthropologist, 1832-1876.] A triangle formed by lines connecting the nasion, the alveolar and the nasal points. ass'ident [L. assidere, to sit by.] Concomitant, a. signs, a. symp'toms, occasional signs or symptoms of a disease, as distinguished from the pathog- nomonic, necessary, or constant signs. assim'ilable. Capable of assimilation. assim'ilate [L. assimilare, to make alike; ad, to, -|- similis, like.] To absorb, and incorporate into the body, the digested food products. assimila'tion [L. assimilare, to make alike.] The process of incorporation of materials, prepared by digestion from food, into the tissues of the organism, a. pel'vis, an elongated pelvis in which the fifth lumbar vertebra or the first coccygeal vertebral segment assumes the appear- ance of a sacral vertebral segment. association (as-o-sl-a'shun) [L. associare, to join to ; ad, to, + socius, companion.] ±. A society or union of persons of Uke tastes or pursuits, or of the same profession, for the promotion of the moral, material, or professional interests of the members, such as the American Medical Association, the British Medical Association, etc. 2. Union; connection of persons, things, or ideas, a. exper'- iment or test, a word (the stimulus word) is spoken to the .subject who replies immediately with an- other word (the reaction word) suggested to him by the first; it is employed as an aid in diagnosis, clues being given by the length of time {association time) between the stimulus and reaction wo'-ds, and also by the nature of the reaction word. a. fi'beis, longitudinal commissural fibers, short- path fibers, nerve fibers originating from cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord which pass upward or downward in one of the tracts of the white columns to reenter the gray matter; they form a connection between different segments of the cord. a. mech'anism, the cerebral mechan- ism whereby the memory of past sensations may be compared or associated with present ones. assu'rance [Fr. assurer, from L. assecurare; ad, to, + securus, secure.] Insurance. astasia (as-ta'si-ah) [G. unsteadiness, from a- priv. -I- stasis, standing.] Inability, through muscular incoordination, to stand, altHough the same muscles functionate normally if the patient is lying down. a. aba'sia, a similar state in which the patient is unable either to walk or to stand. asteatosis (as-te-S-to'sis) [G. a- priv. + steatoo, I turn into fat.] Diminished or arrested action of the sebaceous glands, usually associated with anhidrosis. as'ter [G. aster, star.] One of the two rayed figures formed by the division of the centrosome in the initial stages of mitosis. astereognosis (S.-ster"e-og-no'sis) [G. a- priv. -t- stereos, solid, -f- gnosis, "knowledge.} Loss of the power of judging of the form, of an object by touch. aste'rion [G. asterios, starry.] A craniometrio point in the region of the posterolateral, or mastoid, fontanelle, at the junction of the mastoid tem-' poral, parietal, and occipital bones, or where the lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid sutures meet. aster'nal [G. a- priv. -t- sternon, sternum.] x. Not related to or connected with the sternum. 2. Without a sternum. aster'nia [G. a- priv. + sternon, sternum.] Ihe condition of being without a sternum. as'teroid [G. aster, star, + eidos, resemblance.] Star-like; resembling a star or the mitotic figure, aster. as'terol. Trade name for a mixture of ammonium tartrate and mercuric paraphenolsulphonate ; a white powder, employed as an antiseptic in place of corrosive sublimate. asthe'nia [G. a- priv. + sthenos, strength.] Weak- ness, debility, a. pigmento'sa, Addison's disease. neu"rocir'oulatory a., irritable heart, soldier's heart, a symptom-complex of nervous and cir- culatory irregularities associated with increased susceptibility to fatigue, observed especially in soldiers on active war service and occasionally, in milder form, in civil life as well. asthen'ic. Relating to asthenia; weak. asthenom'eter [G. astheneia, weakness, + meiron, measure.] 1. An instrument for measuring the degree of asthenopia. 2. An instrument for measuring the degree of muscular weakness — or strength; dynamometer. as'thenope. A subject of asthenopia; one suffering trora weak sight. asthenopia (as-then-o'pK-ah) [G. asthenes, weak, + dps, eye.] Weak sight, eyestrain, acconun'o- dative a., eyestrain, a. due to errors of refraction and the consequent strain on the ciliary muscle. mus'cular a., a. due to imbalance of the extrinsic ocular muscles, ner'vous a., a., due to functional or organic nervous disease, neurasthen'ic a., a. occurring in nervous subjects who may be emme- tropes or whose ammetropia has been corrected by glasses, ret'inal a., neurasthenic a. tar'sal a., a. due to abnormal pressure of the eyelids on the globe of the eye. ASTHENOPIC 92 ASTROCYTE asthenop'ic. Relating to or suffering from asthen- opia. asthenox'ia [G. astheneia, weakness, + oxygen.\ A condition of deficient oxygenation of the products of cataboUsm. asthma (as'mah) [G. ] A disease marked by recur- rent attacks of dyspnea, due to some temporary change in the bronchial tubes or to a reflex spasm of the diaphragm, alve'olar a., dyspnea due to pulmonary emphysema, amyg'daline a., a. excited reflexly by enlargement of the f aucial tonsils or by adenoid vegetations, a. noctur'- num, incubus, nightmare, bron'chial, a., the common form of a. due to a narrowing of the lu- men of the bronchial tubes from spasm of the muscles in their walls, or to a congestive swelling of the bronchial mucous membrane, bronchit'- ic a., catarrhal a. car'diac a., an attack of dysp- nea, coming on usually in the night, associated with cardiosclerosis, catar'rhal a., bronchitic a., spasmodic dyspnea accompanying bronchitis. essen'tial a., nervous a., occurring without any perceptible changes in the bronchial mucous membrane, grind'ers' a., the dyspnea of siderosis or silicosis, hay a., the asthmatic stage of hay- fever. Heb'erden's a., angina pectoris, horse a., a. caused by entering a stable or being near horses, miners' a., the dyspnea of anthracosis, na'sal a., reflex from deflected septum or other intranasal trouble, pott'ers' a., the dyspnea of pneumonoconiosis. re'flex a., symptomatic a. re'nal a., the dyspnea accompanying disease of the kidneys, sex'ual a., reflex a. from venereal disease or excessive sexual excitement, stone a., a feeling of pressure and burning pain in the chest, caused by the presence of a bronchial calculus, relieved at once when the concretion is dislodged by a violent paroxysm of coughing, symptomat'- ic a., a. occurring as a reflex in disease of the vis- cera, the nose, or other parts, thy'mic a., spas- modic closure of the larynx in children, due to the irritation of an enlarged thymus gland; called also Kopp's, Millar's, and Wichmann's asthma. asth'ma-weed. Lobelia. asthmatic. Relating to or suffering from asthma. asthmogen'ic [G. gennao, I produce.] Causing asthma. asthmolysin (as-mol'i-sin) . Trade name of a mix- ture of extracts of the adrenal and pituitary bodies, recommended in the treatment of asthma in doses of itBxv (i.o). astigmat'ic. Relating to or suffering from astig- matism. astig'matism [G. a- priv. + stigma {stigmat-), a point.] A condition of unequal curvatures along the different meridians in one or more of the refractive surfaces (cornea, anterior or posterior surface of the lens) of the eye, in consequence of which the rays from a luminous point are not focussed at a single point on the retina, but are spread out as a line in one or another direction. a. against the rule is when the greater curvature or refractive power is in the horizontal meridian. a. with the rule is when the greater curvature or refractive power is in the vertical meridian, com- pound hyperop'ic a., ». in which both vertical and horizontal meridians are hyperopic. compound myop'ic a., a. in which both vertical and horizontal meridians are myopic, cor'neal a., a. due to de- fect in the curvature of the corneal surface. irreg'ular a., a. in which different parts of the same meridian have different degrees of curva- ture, lentic'ular a., a. due to defect in the curvature of the lens, mixed a., a. in which the vertical or horizontal meridian is hyperopic while the other is myopic, reg'ular a., a. in which the curvature in each meridian is equal through- out its course, but those of the different meridians vary, and the meridians of greatest and least curvature are practically at right angles to each other, reversed a., a. against the rule, simple hyperop'ic a., a. in which the curvature in one meridian is hyperopic while that of the meridian at right angles to it is normal, or emmetropic. simple myop'ic a., a. in which the curvature of either the vertical or the horizontal meridian is myopic while that of the other is normal. astigmatom'eter, astigmom'eter [G. ntctron, meas- ure.] An instrament for measuring the degree and determining the variety of astigmatism. astigmatom'etry, astigmom'etry. Determination of the form and measurement of the degree of astigmatism. astigmatoscope (as-tig'mat-o-skop) [astigmatism + G. skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for detecting and measuring the degree of astig- matism. astigmatoscopy (as-tig-ma-tos'ko-pi) . The use of the astigmatoscope. astig'mia. .\stigmatism. astig'mic. Astigmatic. astigmom'eter. Astigmatometer. astigmom'etry. Astigmatometry. astig'moscope. Astigmatoscope. astigmos'copy. Astigmatoscopy. asto'matous [G. a- priv. + stoma, mouth.] i. without a mouth, i. Without apertures, pores, or stomata. asto'mia [G. a- priv. -f- stoma mouth.] The con- dition of having no mouth. as'tomous. Astomatous. astrag'alar. Relating to the astragalus. astragalec'tomy [G. astragalos, astragalus,, + ektome, excision.] Removal of the astragalus, or talus. astragalocalcanean (as-trag"4-lo-kal-ka'ne-an). Re- lating to both the astragalus or talus, and the calcaneus, or os calcis. astrag"alofib'ular. Relating to both the astragalus, or talus, and the fibula. astrag"aloscaph'oid. Talonavicular, relating to both the astragalus, or talus, and the scaphoid or navicular bone. astrag"alotib'ial. Relating to both the astragalus, or talus, and the tibia. astrag'alus [G. astragalos, one of a set of dice.] Talus* [BNA], the ankle-bone. astrapho'bia. Astrapophobia. astrapophobia (as"trS-po-fo'bI-ah) [G. astrape, lightning, -I- phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of thunder storms. astrict' [L. astringere, to contract.] To constrict, to compress, to contract. astric'tion. 1. Constipation. 2. Astringent action. 3. Compression for the arrest of hemorrhage. astringe (a-strinj'). To act as an astringent. astrin'gent [L. astringere, to contract.] 1. Causing contraction of the tissues. 3. Arresting secretion. 3. Styptic, arresting hemorrhage. 4. An agent which causes contraction of the tissues, arrest of the secretion, or the control of bleeding. as'troblast [G. aster, star, + blasios, germ.] A primitive cell developing into an astrocyte. astroclnet'ic [G. aster, a star, + kinesis, move- ment,] Relating to the movements of the attraction-sphere or central portion of the aster. astrocyte (as'tro-sit) [G. aster, star, 4- kvtos, hollow, cell.] Spider cell.* ASTROCYTOMA 93 ATELOCHIRIA astrocyto'ma. A glioma composed of astrocytes with comparatively short fibriUse. as'troid [G. aster, star, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Star-shaped. 2. An astrocyte. as'trosphere. [G. aster, star, + sphaira, sphere.] Attraction-sphere. ostTOStat'ic [G. aster, star, + states, standing:] Relating to the resting stage of' the attraction- sphere. astycUn'ic [G. asty, city.] Policlinic. as'uTol. Trade name of a soluble double salt of mercury and salicylic acid combined with an amino fatty acid, employed in the treatment of syphilis in doses of 15^30 (2.0) of a 10 per cent, solu- tion hypodermically twice a week. asylla'bia [G. a- priv. + syllabe, syllable.] A form of alexia in which one recognizes the individual letters, but cannot comprehend them when ar- ranged collectively in syllables or words. asy'lum [G. asylon.'] An institution for the housing and care, \mder restraint, of those who by reason of tender age, mental or bodily infirmities, etc., are unable to care for themselves. In the United States the public insane asylums are now usually called State hospitals. asymbolia [G. o- priv. -t- symbolon, an outward sign.] I. Loss of the power of appreciation by touch of the form and nature of an object. 2. A form of aphasia in which the significance of signs is not appreciated. asymmet'iical. Not symmetrical, noting a lack of symmetry between two or more like parts. asymm'etry [G. a- priv. ■+■ syn, with, -f- metron, measure.] Want of symmetry, disproportion between two or more like parts. asynchronism (a-sin'kro-nizm) [G. a- priv. + syn, together with, + chronos, time.] Lack of syn- chronism or concurrence in time; a condition in which two or n:iore occurrences do not coincide in point of time. asynclitism (a- sin'-kli-tizm). Absence of synclit- ism or parallelism between the axis of the pre- senting part of the child and the pelvic planes in childbirth, ante'rior a., Naegele* obliquity. poste'rior a., Litzmann* obliquity. asynergia, asynergy (5-sin-ur'jI-ah, a-sin'ur-j!) [G. a- priv. -I- syn, with, + ergon, work.] Lack of cooperation or working together of parts which normally act in union. asyne'sia [G.] Stupidity. asyno'dia [G. o- priv. + syn, with, + odos, road, way.] Lack of coincidence in the orgasms in sexual intercourse. aS3rstemat'ic. Not systematic; not relating to one system or set of organs. asystole (S-sis'to-le) [G. a- priv. + systole, a con- tracting.] Cardiac instiiSciency with dilatation. hepafic a., cardiac liver.* asysto'Ua. Asystole. asystol'ic. 1. Relating to asystole. 2. Not sys- tolic. atac'tic. Ataxic, atactil'ia [G. a- priv. -I- L. tactilis, relating to touch.] Loss of the sense of touch. atav'ic. Atavistic. at'avism [L. atavus, a great-great-great-grandfather, a remote ancestor.] The appearance in an individual of any mental or physical character- istic or tendency to disease or diathesis, peculiar to a remote ancestor, but not manifest in the in- termediate generations. atavis'tic. Atavic, relating to atavism. atax'ia [G. a- priv. -I- taxis, order.] A loss of the power of muscular coordination, autonom'ic a., a lack of coordination (imbalance) between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys- tems, cerebel'lar a., loss of muscular coordina- tion as a result of disease in the cerebellum. hered'itary cerebel'lar a., a disease of later child- hood and early adult life, marked by ataxic gait, hesitating and explosive speech, nystagmus, and sometimes optic neuritis; it is due to atrophy of the cerebellum, hered'itary spi'nal a., Fried- reich's a., sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord, occurring in children; it is marked by ataxia in the lower extremities, extending to the upper, followed by paralysis and contractures, intrapsy'chic a., splitting of the personality, schizophrenia (i). locomo'tor a., (i) motor a.; (2) tabes dorsalis. mo'tor a., in- ability to perform coordinated muscular move- ments, spi'nal a., a. due to spinal-cord disease, as in tabes dorsalis. stat'ic a., inability to pre- serve the equilibrium in standing through loss of the deep sensibility, vasomo'tor a., a form of autonomic a. , a lack of coordination between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sys- tems in relation to the vasomotor phenomena, causing irregularity in the peripheral circulation- marked by alternations of pallor and suffusion, due to spasm of the smaller blood-vessels. ataxiadynamia (a-taks"i-ad-i-nam'i-ah). Muscu, lar weakness combined with incoordination. ataz'iagram. The record, or curve, made by means of an ataxiagraph. atax'iagraph [G. grapho, I write.] An instrument for measuring the degree and direction of the swaying of the head in static ataxia; a style attached to the top of the head records the movements on a disc supported just above it. ataxiamne'sic. Relating to or suffering from both ataxia and amnesia. ataxiaphasia (a-tak3"i-i-fa'zi-ah) G. o- priv. -|- taxis, order, + phasis, an affirmation, speech.] Inability to form connected sentences, al- though single words may perhaps be used intelligibly. atax'ic. Relating to, marked by, or suffering from ataxia. atax"iophe'mia [G. pheme, voice, speech.] Inco- ordination of the muscles concerned in speech production. ataxiopho'bia [G. phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of suffering from tabes dorsalis. at'axy. Ataxia. atelectasis (at"e-lek'ta-sis) [G. ateles, incomplete, -t- ektasis, extension.] An airless condition of the lungs, as in the fetus ; or of a portion of a lung in later life, due to the pressure of a pleural effusion, blocking of the smaller bronchial tubes with mucus, etc. atelectat'ic. Relating to atelectasis. atelia (a-tel'i-ah) [G. ateleia, incompleteness.] Ateliosis. ateliosis (at-el-I-o'sis) [G. ateles, incomplete.] In- complete development of the mind or the body or any of its parts; infantilism. atelocar'dia [G. ateles, incomplete, -I- kardia, heart.] Incomplete development of the heart. atelocepha'lia [G. ateles, incomplete, -I- kephale, head.] A monstrosity in which there is incom- plete development of the head. atelochilia (S-tel-o-ki'H-ah) [G. ateles, imperfect, -I- cheilos, a lip.] Defective development of the lip ; harelip. atelochiria (a"tel-o-ki'ri-ah) [G. ateles, incomplete, + cheir, hand.] Imperfect development of the hands. ATELOENCEPHALIA 94 ATMOTHERAPY ateloencephalia (a"tel-o-en-sg-fa'U-ah) [G. ateles, incomplete, + enkephalos, brain.] Imperfect formation of the brain structures. atelogloss'ia [G-. ateles, incomplete, + glossa, tongue.] Imperfect development of the tongue. atelognathia (at"el-og-na'thI-ah) [G. ateles, incom- plete, + gnathos, jaw.] Defective formation of either jaw. atelomyelia (at"el-o-mi-e'll-ah) [G. ateles, incom- plete, -t- myelon, marrow.] Imperfect develop- ment of the spinal cord. atelopod'ia [G. ateles, incomplete, + pous(pod-), foot.] Imperfect formation of the feet. af'eloproso'pia [G. ateles, incomplete, + prosopon, face.] Imperfect development of the face. atelorrhachidia (at"el-o-ra-kld'J-ah) [G. ateles, in- complete, -I- rhachis, spinal column.] Defective formation of the vertebral column. atelosto'mia [G. ateles, incomplete, + stoma, mouth.] Imperfect development of the mouth or its contained parts. athe'lia [G. a- priv. + thele, nipple.] Absence of the nipples. ather'mal [G. a- priv. + therme, heat.] Not thermal, noting mineral springs the water of which issues from the ground at a temperature below 60° F. ather'inancy [G. athermantos, not heated.] Imper- meability to heat. ather'manous. Absorbing radiant heat, not per- meable to heat rays. ather'mic. Apyretic. athennosystaltic (a-thur"mo-sis-tal'tik) [G. a- priv. -f- thermos, hot, H- systaltikos, constringent.] Not contracted or constringed by ordinary varia- tions of temperature, said of certain tissues. atheroma (ath-e-ro'mah) [G. athere, gruel.] 1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. A disease of the arteries, con- sisting in a fatty degeneration of the wall, usually on the site of the lesions of arteritis deformans; this may result in a pultaceous deposit in the arterial wall or in a breaking down of the intima giving rise to an atheromatous ulcer. ath"eroiiiato'sis. A more or less generalized athero- matous disease of the arteries. athero'matous. Relating to or affected by atheroma. atheronecrosis (ath"er-o-ne-kro'sis) [atheroma + necrosis. ] The regressive alteration accompany- ing arteriosclerosis. atherosclerosis (ath"er-o-skle-ro'sis). A senile type of arteriosclerosis, characterized by hyperplasia of the connective-tissue and elasticomuscular layers with atheromatous degeneration of the latter athero'sis. Atheroma. ath"erosper'ma. The sassafras tree of Australia and New Holland, the bark of which is diuretic and diaphoretic. ath'etoid [G. eidos, appearance.] Resembling athe- tosis, atheto'sis [G. athetos, without position or place.] A condition in which there is a constant succession of slow involuntary movements of flexion, exten- sion, pronation, and supination of the fingers and hands, and sometimes of the toes and feet. athrep'sia [G. a- priv. -I- threpsis, nourishment.] I. Innutrition; specifically, marasmus of the newborn. 2. Immunity to inoculation of tumor cells, assumed by Ehrlich to be due to the ab- sence of the special nutritive substance upon which the growth of tumors was supposed by him to depend. ath'repsy. Athrepsia. athrep'tic. Relating to or suffering from athrepsia; marantic, marasmic. athy'mia [G. a- priv. + thymos, mind.] 1. Amentia. 2. Absence of emotivity, morbid impassivity. 3. Absence of the thymus gland or its secretion. athymism (a-thi'mizm) [G. a- priv. + thymus.] Athymia (3) , absence of the thymus gland or its secretion with the phenomena dependent thereon. athjrrea (i-thi're-ah) [G. a- priv. + thyreos, a shield.] Absence of the thyroid gland, or deficiency of the thyroid secretion ; myxedema. athyreo'sis. Athyrea. athy'ria. Athyrea. athyroidemia (ath"i-roy-de'mI-ah). Absence of the thyroid secretion and the effect of its loss upon the condition of the blood. athyroidism (S-thi'roy-dizm). Absence of the thy- roid gland, or suppression of its secretion, with the symptoms consequent thereon; athyrea. atlan'tad. In a direction toward the atlas. atlan'tal. Relating to the atlas. atlan"todid'ynius. Atlodidymus. atlantoepistrophic (at-lan"to-ep-I-strof'ik). Relat- ing to the atlas and the epistropheus, or axis; atloaxoid, atlantoaxoid ; noting the rotary joint between the two vertebrae, atlan'to-odon"toid. Relating to the altas and the odontoid process of the epistropheus, or axis. at'las [G. Atlas, in Greek mythology a Titan who supported the earth on his shoulders.] First cervical vertebra, articulating with the occipital bone and rotating around the odontoid process of the epistropheus, or axis. atloax'oid. Relating to the atlas and the axis ; also written atlantoaxoid. atlodid'ymus [G. atlas + didymos, twin.] Atlanto- didymus ; a monster with two heads and but one neck. at'loid. Atlantal. atlo-occip'ital. Relating to the atlas and the occipital bone; also written atlanto-occipital. atmiat'rics. [G. aim-is, vapor, -t- iatrikS, practice of medicine.] ±. Pneumatotherapy. 2. The use of sprays in the treatment of diseases of the respira- tory passages. atmidalbu'min [G. atmis, steam.] A modified pro- tein obtained by the action of superheated steam. atmidal'bumose. A derivation of atmidalbumin. atmocausis (af'mo-kaw'sis) [G. atmx>s, steam, -|- causis, a burning.] The application of super- heated steam, by means of a two-way catheter, to the mucous membrane, especially of the uterus; employed as a substitute for curettage. atmocautery (at"mo-kaw'ter-I). An instrument used in atmocausis. at'mograph [G. atmos, vapor, + gra.phd, I write.] Pneumatograph. atmorysis. The separation of mixed gases, such as the air, by passing them through a porous dia- phragm, the most diffusible gas passing through first. atmom'eter [G. atmos, vapor, + metron, measure.] An instnmient for measuring the degree of evaporation. at'mos [abbreviation of atmosphere.] A proposed unit of air pressure, being the pressure of one dyne per square centimeter. at'mosphere [G. atmos, vapor, -|- sphaira, sphere.] I. The air. 2. Any gas surrounding a given body; a gaseous medium. atmospher'ic. Relating to the atmosphere. afmother'apy [G. atnws, vapor, + therapeia, treat- ment of disease.] Atmiatrics. ATOCIA 9S ATROPHY ato'cia [G. a- priv. + tokos, childbirth.] Nulliparity. at'om [G. atomos, indivisible, vtncut.] The smallest possible quantity of an element which is capable of chemical action, pri'mary a., electron. recoil' a., rest a., see recoil. atom'ic. Relating to an atom. a. the'ory, the theory that chemical compounds are formed by the union of atoms in certain definite proportions. a. weight, the weight of an atom of a chemical element in relation to the weight of an atom of hydrogen as a iinit. atomicity (at-om-is'i-t!) . i . The valence or combining power of a substance. ■^. The number of hydroxyl groups contained in a base or an alcohol. atomiza'tion. Spray production; the reducing of a fluid to the form of spray. at'omizer. An apparatus for throwing a fluid in the form of spray. aton'ic [G. atonia, languor.] Relaxed; without normal tone or tension. atonicity (at-o-nis'i-ti). Atony, lack of tone. at'onied. Atonic, marked by lack of tone. at'ony [G. atonia, languor.] Relaxation, flaccidity; lack of tone or tension. atophan (at'o-fan) [G. a- priv. + L tophus.] Trade name of phenylcinchoninic acid, cinchophen, a compound of phenylquinolin and carlDonic acid (C16H11O2N), said to increase greatly the excre- tion of uric acid ; recommended in the treatment of gout and acute rheumatism in doses of gr. 4S~75 (3.0^5.0), with sodium bicarbonate 52-4 (8.0-15.0), daily. atop'ic [G. aiopos, out of place.] Displaced, mis- placed. atopogno'sia [G. a^ priv. + topos, place, -|- gnosis, knowledge.] Inability to locate a sensation properly. atopomenorrhea (at"o-po-men-or-re'ah) [G. atopos, out of place.] Bleeding from some part other than the uterine cavity, taking the place of the normal menstrual flow; vicarious menstruation. atox'yl [G. a- priv. -t- ioxikos, for the bow or arrow (poisonous), + hyle, stufi.] Trade name of a sodium salt of arsenic acid in which one hydroxyl group has been replaced by aniline; a white crystalline powder, employed in the treatment of syphilis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis in doses of gr. i-3 (0.03-0.2), or gr. 6(0.4) by hypoder- mic injection every second day. It is called also arsamine. atrabil'iary [L. atra bilis, black bile (cf. melancholy).] Depressed in mind, melancholic, a. cap'sules, suprarenal glands. atrab'ilin. Trade name of a preparation of the suprarenal capsules; hemostatic, and vasocon- strictor in action. atrabil'ious. Melancholic, atrabUiary.* atrachelocephalus (a-trak"e-lo-sef'a-lus) [G. a- priv. + trachelos, neck, 4= kephale, head.] A monster without head or neck. atre'mia [G. a- priv. + tremo, I tremble.] Absence of tremor, atrepsy (a'trep-si) [G. a- priv. + trepho, I nourish.] A condition in which a living virfisj such ^ as, cancer cells or bacteria, perishes after inoculation into the tissues because of the absence of adapt- able nourishment there; an hypothesis _ offered in explanation of certain cases of immunity. atrep'tic. Relating to atrepsy. atre'sia [G. a- priv. -t- tresis, a hole,] Congenital absence or pathological closure of a hormal opening or passage, a. hymena'lis, closure of the vagina by an imperforate hymen. atre'sic. Relating to atresia; imperforate. atret'ic. Atresic. atreto- [G. airetos, imperforate.] A prefix denoting imperforation of the part named, as atreioble- pha'ria, eyelids; airetocys'ia, anus; atreiop'sia, pupil; atretorrhin'ia, nostrils. a'tria. Plural of atrium. atrial (a'tri-al). Relating to an atrium. atricha (a,'tri-kah). A group of non- flagellated bacteria. atrichia (S-trik'l-ah) [G. a- priv. + ihrix(irich-), hair.] Absence of hair, congenital or acquired. atrichosis (a-tri-ko'sis). Atrichia. atrioventricular (at"rJ-o-ven-trik'u-lar). Relating to both the atria and the ventricles of the heart; auriculoventricular. a. bvin'dle, fascic'ulus, node, etc., see the nouns. atriplicism (g,-trip'li-sizm) . An intoxication caused by the ingestion of certain species of Atriplex, eaten as greens in China; it is marked by pain and swelling of the fingers spreading to the forearm; bulte and ulcers form and the fingers may become gangrenous. a'triixm [L. antechamber.] i. [BNA] Auricle; the upper chamber of each half of the heart, receiv- ing the blood from the venae cavse on the right side and from the pulmonary veins on the left, and transmitting it to the ventricle of the same side. z. The tympanum proper, that part of the tympanic cavity which lies imme- diately to the inner aspect of the dnun mem- brane. 3. The portion of the nasal cavity lying below and behind the agger and above the vestibule, anterior to the middle meatus. 4 Infundibvilum (6). a. dex'trum, the a. of the right side of the heart which receives the blood from the vense cav^. a. glott'idis, vestibulum laryngis. a. mea'tus me'dii, the anterior ex- panded portion of the middle meatus of the nose, just above the vestibule, a. pulmona'le, a. sinistrum. a. sinis'trum, a. of the left side of the heart which receives the blood from the pulmonary veins, inf ec'tion a., the part through which the pathogenic microorganisms gain entrance into the body in any given infectious disease, At'ropa [G. Atropas, one of the Fates cutting the thread of life.] A genus of plants of the natural order Solanacece, which, properly considered, con- tains but one species, viz., A. belladonn'a, the source of the drug belladonna. A. mandrag'ora, Mandragora officinarum, the mandrake, a narcotic. atro'phia [G. a- priv. 4- trophe, nourishment.] Atrophy, a. infan'tum, tabes mesenterica. a. musculo'rum lipomato'sa, pseudomuscular hyper- trophy, a. pilo'rum pro'pria, trichorrhexis no- dosa. atroph'ic. Relating to atrophy; atrophied. at'rophied. Marked by atrophy; wasted. atrophoderma (a-trof-o-dur'mah) [G. atrophia + derma, skin.] Atrophy of the skin. a. al'bidum [L. albidus, whitish], pityriasis alba atrophicans, a congenital thinness of the skin with diminution of pigment, usually most marked on the legs and arms. a. neurit'icum, glossy skin.* a.pigmento'- sum, xeroderma pigmentosum, Kaposi's* disease. a. seni'le, the loss of fat, increased pigmentation, and other involutionary changes in the skin in old age. a. stria'tum, the condition marked by the presence of lineae albicantes. atrophodermato'sis. Any cutaneous affection in which a prominent symptom is atrophy of the skin. atrophoder'mia. Atrophoderma. at'rophy [G. o- priv. + trophe, noimshment.] A wasting of the tissues of a part or of the entire ATROPHY 96 AUCHMEROMYIA LUTEOLA body, acute yellow a. of the liver, a disease charac- terized by rapid fatty degeneration of the paren- chyma cells of the liver, with atrophy arid soften- ing of the organ ; its chief symptoms are jaundice, hemorrhages into the skin and from the mucous membranes, gastric disorders, and mental dis- turbances, arthrit'ic a., a. of the muscles which move a chronically inflamed, especially tubercu- lous, joint, brown a., a form of degeneration of the heart wall, in which the muscle is firmer than normal, of a dark reddish brown color, and reduced in volume; the muscle fibers become pigmented, especially about the nuclei, and lose their striations more or less completely, con- cen'tric a., a. of a hollow viscus, like the heart, in which the size of the cavity remains the same or is lessened, cyanotic a., a. due to destruction of the parenchymatous cells of an organ in conse- quence of chronic venous congestion, cyanotic a. of the liver, nutmeg liver.* excen'tric a., a. of a hollow organ, like the heart, in which the size of its cavity is increased, fatty a., fatty infil- tration secondary to an atrophy of the essential elements of an organ or tissue, gen'eral a., emaciation, marasmus (in infants), gray a., a degeneration of the optic disc in which it assumes a grayish or bluish gray color, hered'itary mus'- cular a. of perone'al type, Charcot-Marie type, a familial muscular atrophy affecting primarily the anterior muscles of the legs, and later sometimes the muscles of the forearms and hands, in'fantile a., marasmus, athrepsia. lin'ear a., morphoea occurring in stripes or lines ; the atrophic lines seen on the skin of the abdomen following pregnancy. myopath'ic a., muscular a. due to disease of the muscle itself and not of paralytic or central nervous origin, neurit'ic a., muscular a. due to neuritis or degeneration of the nerves, beginning usually in the lower extremities, progres'sive mus'cular a., atrophy of the cells of the anterior comua of the spinal cord, resulting in a slow progressive wasting and paralysis of the muscles of the extremities and of the trunk, quan'titative a., hypoplasia, red a., a. of an organ associated with chronic passive congestion, seen sometimes in the liver in connection with disease of the heart, remit'ting spi'nal a., chronic anterior poliomyelitis, se'nile a., a general wasting of the tissues in old age due to the slowing of the ana- bolic processes, se'rous a., a degenerative change occurring in fat-cells, the fat being absorbed and its place being taken by a serous fluid, spi'nal a., tabes dorsalis. atropi'na (U.S. and Br.). Atropine, Ci7H23N03, an alkaloid obtained from Airopa belladonna; anti- spasmodic, antisudorific, sedative, mydriatic, and narcotic; dose, gr. ir^ij— 7V (0.0003-0.0008). atropi'nse sul'phas (U.S. and Br.) atropine sulphate, occurs in small white crystals, very soluble in water; dose, x^tI~4V (0.0004-0.0016). atropine (at'ro-pen). Atropina. at'ropinism. The symptoms of poisoning by atro- pine or belladonna. at'roscine. An alkaloid isomeric with hyoscine, obtained from Scopola carnioUca, Scopolina airopoides; it is optically inactive, according to Hesse who first prepared it from scopolamine. at'tar of rose [Pers. aitara, to smell sweet,] Oleum* rosa3. atten'dant [L. a«e«(iere, to give heed to.] i. Attend- ing* physician. 2. A nurse or any non-medical assistant to the physician in the hospital. attend'ing. Accompanying; waiting upon; looking after or caring for. a. physician, a physician attached to a hospital who visits the patients at stated times and gives directions to the house- physician regarding their treatment, a. staff, the entire body of attending physicians and surgeons attached to a hospital, a. surgeon, a surgeon attached to a hospital who visits the patients at stated -times, performs major operations, and directs the house surgeon in the management of the cases imder his charge. atten'uant [L. attenuare, to make thin.] x. Dilut- ing; making thin, said of fluids. 2. A diluent; a medicine supposed to "thin the blood"; an agent which renders the secretions and excretions more fluid. attenuate (i-ten'u-at). i. To dilute, to make thinner, n. To reduce the virulence of a patho- genic microorganism. attenua'tion. i. Dilution, thinning. 2. Diminu- tion of virulence in an organism, obtained through heating, cultivation on certain media, and other ways. 3. In homeopathy, dynamization. at'tic. Recessus epitympanicus [BNA]. atticoantrotomy (at"i-ko-an-trot'o-ml). Antroat- ttcotomy. atticomas'toid. Relating to the attic of the tympanum, and the mastoid antrum or cells. atticot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Operative opening into the tympanic attic. att'itude. Posture ; position of the body and limbs. defense a., one automatically assumed to avert discomfort or pain, pas'sionate a., an atti- tude expressive in face and figure of extreme emotion. attoU'ens [L. aitollere, to lift up.] Lifting up, raising, a. au'rem, a. auric'ulam, musculus auricularis superior [BNA]. a. oc'uli, musculus rectus superior of the eye. attrac'tion [L. aiirahere, to draw toward.] The tendency of two bodies to approach each other. a. par' tide, centriole, a minute spot in the center of the a. sphere, a. sphere, the centrosome with the surrounding radially arranged protoplasm; a small body in the nucleus, or in the cytoplasm near the nucleus, supposed to be an independent and indispensable constituent of the cell; it plays an important part in mitosis, cap'illary a., the force which causes fluids to rise through very fine tubes or the pores of a loose material, chem'ical a., the force impelling atoms of different elements or molecules to tmite to form new substances or compounds, magnet'ic a., the force which draws iron or steel toward a magnet. att'rahens [L. aiirahere, to attract.] Drawing toward, noting a. muscle (aiirahens aurem or auriculam) rudimentary in man, which tends to draw the pinna of the ear forward; musculus auricularis anterior [BNA]. attraxin (a,-trak'sin). A hypothetical substance which is supposed to have a chemotactic influ- ence upon certain cells of the body. attrition (a-trish'un) [L. atterere, to rub at.] Wear- ing away by friction or rubbing. atyp'ical [G. a- priv. + typikos, conformed to a type.] - Not typical; not corresponding to the normal form or type. Au [L. aurum, gold.] Chemical symbol of the element gold. ^, - A.u. Abbr. of Angstrom's* unit. Aubert's phenom'enon (o-bair'). A perpendicular line appears to incline to one side when the ob- server turns the head to the opposite side. Auchmeromyia lute'ola (awk-mer-o-mi'yah lu-te'o- lah) [G. auc.hmeros, dirty, -|- myia. fly; L. luteo- lus, yellowish.] Musca luteola, a fly found in STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY ^=^£ B. typho'sus, Eberth's b., a motile, flagellated, gram-negative organism, the specific cause of ty- phoid fever. B. ure'se, converts urea into am- monia. B. welch'ii, B. aerogenes capsulatus. B, X., an organism found by Sternberg in a num- ber of cases of yellow fever, and claimed by him to be the same as B. icteroides of Sanarelli. B. y., an organism found by His and Russel in certain cases of dysentery; it is very similar in morphology and reaction to the Flexner bacillus. back-iabing. In veterinary medicine, the re- moval of impacted feces from the rectum. back-sinew (bak'sin-u). Back tendon * BaCl,. Barium chloride. bactere'mia. Bacteriemia. bacte'ria. Plural of bacterium. 0,00 CO "(B vN \ — '7 i^ mv v;^ 8 ^ 9 to }1 Types of Bacteria: i. Staphylococcus; 2. diplo- coccus: 3. streptococcus; 4. tetrad; 5. sarcma; 6, bacillus; 7. diplobacillus; 8. Clostridium forms with central spores; 9. spirilla (comma bacilli and spirals; , 10. spirochetes; 11. bacilli with end spores (tetanusj. Ba'cteria'cea. A family of Schisomycetes, including rod-shaped forms without a sheath; the genera are Bacterium, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. bacte'rial. Relating to bacteria. bacte'ria-carrier. Bacilli-carrier. bacterici'dal [L. cadere, to kill.] Causing the death of bacteria. bacter'icide [bacterium + L. cadere, to kill .J An agent which destroys bacteria, specific b., the active substance in a bacteriolytic immune serum destructive to one bacterial species. bacteriemia, bacteriaemia (bak-ter-I-e'ml-ah) [bac- teria + G. haima, blood.] The presence of living bacteria in the circulating blood. bacter'iform [bacterium + L. forma, form.] Of bacterial form; bacterioid. bacterination (bak-ter-i-ria'sliun) . Vaccination (2) ; treatment, prophylactic or curative, by means of a bacterin. bacterin (bak'ter-in) . A bacterial vaccine, em- ployed prophylactically or therapeutically. autog'enous b., a b. made from cultures of the pathogenic bacteria taken from the patient under treatment, per'sonal b., autogenous b. stock b., a b. made from cultures of the same species of bacteria as those causing the disease to be treated, but not obtained from the patient himself. bacteriofluorescin (bak-te"rl-o-flu-o-res'in). A fluo- rescent material produced by the action of Bacillus fluorescens or other bacterial forms. bacteriogen'ic [bacterium + G. -genes, producing.] Of bacterial origin. bacteriogenous (bak-te-ri-oj^en-us). 1. Producing bacteria. -:. Of bacterial origin or causation. bacte"riohemagglu'tiimi. A hemagglutinin formed by bacterial action. bacte"rioheinol'ysin. An hemolysin formed by bacterial action. bacte'rioid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Bacteriform, resembling bacteria in form or in action. bacteriological (bak-te-ri-o-loj'i-kal). Relating to bacteriology. 1 bacteriol'ogist. Microbotanist ; one who pursues the science of bacteriology. bacteriol'ogy [bacteria -t- G. -logia.l The branch of science which has to do with the study of unicellular vegetable organisms- and with their relation to medicine, agriculture, and the arts. bacteriol'ysin. A specific immune body causing the solution of bacteria when combined with comple- ment. bacteriol'ysis [bacterium -\- G. lysis, solution.] The ' destruction of bacteria by means usually of a specific antibody bacteriolyt'ic. Relating to bacteriolysis ; possessing a solvent action on bacteria. bacte'riolyze. To cause the digestion or solution of bacteria. bacteriopathorogy. Pathology as it relates to the morbid effects of bacteria or their toxins. bacteriopho'bia [bacterium + G. phobos, fear.] An exaggerated and morbid fear of bacteria and of microbes in general. bacteribplas'min. A plasmin found in the bodies of bacteria bacteriopro'tein (bak-te-ri-o-pro'-te-in). One of the albuminous substances, orproteins, in the bodies of bacteria ; they vary in character and properties, some being thermostable, others not. bacteriop'sonin. An opsonin acting upon bacteria, as distinguished from a hemopsonin which affects red blood corpuscles. bacteriopur'purin. A purple coloring matter found in the bodies of certain of the sulphur bacteria, and supposed to have the same fimction as chloro- phyll as regards the absorption of carbon dioxide. bacte"rioscop'ic. Relating to bacterioscopy. bacterios'copy [bacterium -\- G. skopeo, I examine.] The study of bacteria by means of the microscope. bacterio'sis. A morbid state caused by a vegetable mlcroparasite ; a generalized bacterial infection. bacteriostasis (bak-te^ri-os'ta-sis) [bacteria + G. stasis, standing still.] An arrest or retardation of growth of bacteria. BACTERIOSTAT io8 BACTRIDIUM bacteriostat (bak-te'rJ-o-stat). Any agent which inhibits or retards bacterial growth. bacteriostatic (bak-te-ri-o-stat'ik). Inhibiting or retarding the growth of bacteria. bacteriother'apy [G. therapeia, treatment of disease.] Treatment of disease by means of bacteria or their products. bacte"riotox'in. A specific substance injurious to bacteria, usually a bacteriolysin. bacteriotrop'ic [bacterium + G. trope, a turning.] Attracted toward bacteria ; causing to be attracted to bacteria, said, of the action of opsonins upon phagocytes, b. substance, same as opsonin. bacteriot'ropin [bacterium + G. trope, a turning.] A constituent of the blood, usually a specific anti- body, which renders bacteria more amenable to phagocytosis; possibly the same as opsonin. bacte'rium, pi. bacteria [G. bakterion, dim. of bakiron, a staff.] Any unicellular vegetable microorgan- ism, microphyte, especially one of the schizo- mycetes or fission fungi, endoter'ic b., one which forms an endotoxin, exoter'ic b., a b. which secretes an exotoxin, ni'trifying b., a micro- organism which oxidizes ammonia to nitrous or nitric acid, or draws the nitrogen from the air and fixes it in the soil where it can be appropri- ated by growing plants, pole b., a rod-shaped form which stains deeply at each extremity, found in certain cases of whooping-cough ; called also Czaplewski's bacillus, rod b., bacillus, one of the Bacteriacece. round b., coccus, one of the CoccacecB. spi'ral b., spirillum, one of the Spirit- lacea. sul'phur b., a microorganism found in sulphur water, usually one of the Beggiatoa; these bacteria are frequently colored, owing to the presence of bacteriopurpurin. Classification op Bacteria. The classification of bacteria presents unusual difficulties, owing to their minute size, their simple structure, and the present impossibility of differen- tiating some of their forms, especially the Spirillacem, from protozoan organisms. The following classifica- tion, the one most generally accepted, is that of Migula, proposed in 1897. The families are denoted by black type, the genera by italics. Coccaceae. Spherical forms, with division in one to three planes, forming two to eight daughter cells. Streptococcus, cocci without flagella, dividing in one plane, often remaining connected so as to form beaded chains. Micrococcus, without flagella, dividing in two planes; when remaining connected, after fission, they form grape-like clusters (Staphylococci). Sarcina, without flagella, dividing in three planes' usually remaining connected to form .cubica 1 packets. Planococcus, possessing flagella, dividing in two planes, sometimes remaining connected to form sheets. Planosarcina, possessing flagella, dividing in three planes. BacteriaceEB. Elongated straight cells, dividing in the transverse plane only. Bacterium, without flagella, sometimes with endo- spores. Bacillus, with flagella and sometimes endospores. Pseudomonas, with polar flagella, seldom with endo- spores, Spirillacefe. Cells forming spirals or parts of spirals, dividing in the transveise plane only. Spirosoma, inflexible cells without organs of loco- motion. Microspira, inflexible cells with from one to three polar flagella. Spirillum, inflexible cells with from five to twenty curved polar flagella forming tufts. Spirochcpia, flexible undulating cells without flagella, but possibly a lateral undulating membrane. ChlamydobacteriaceEe. Cells of different forms, united in branched or unbranched chains, and provided with capsules, or envelopes. Streptothrix, elongated cells in non-branching chains, division in one plane only; reproducing by non- motile conidia. Cladothrix, branching chains, dividing in one plane only, motile reproductive cells (zoogonidia) with polar flagella. Crenothrix, unbranched chains, dividing in three planes forming rounded daughter cells. Phragmidiothrix, cells first unbranched, with very delicate sheath, dividing in three planes, and sometimes branching later. Thiothrix, unbranched, non-motile threads, con- taining sulphur granules, dividing in one plane only. Beggiatoacese. Cells without capsules, joined in un- branched threads, provided with an undulating membrane. Beggiatoa, cells with the characteristics of the family, containing sulphur granules. Zopf's classification, which is similar to that of Migula, is as follows: Coccacese: Streptococcus, Merismopedia, Sarcina, Mi- crococcus, Ascococcus. BacteriaceEe : Bacteriutn, Spirillum, Vibrio, Leuconos- toc, Bacillus, Clostridium. Leptotricheae : Crenothiix, Beggiatoa, Phragmidiothrix, Leptothrix. Cladotricheae : Cladothrix, Orla Jensen's classification is based upon the nutri- tive characteristics. In this the bacteria are grouped according as they are (i) autotrophic, i.e., able to ■ form protein and carbohydrates from inorganic carbon and nitrogen ; ( 2) semi-autotrophic. i.e. , re- quire organic carbon compounds, but able to form protein from inorganic nitrogen; or ($) heterotrophic, i.e., requiring for nourishment organic compounds of both carbon and nitrogen. Bacte'rium [G. bakterion, dim. of baktron, a staff.] A genus of Bacteriacecp, including ellipsoidal or rod-shaped, non-flagellated forms which often unite in zoogloea masses. B. anthroposep'ticuni, a, short ovoid rod, with rounded ends staining more deeply than the center, found in a case of acute osteomyelitis with subseqttent septicemia. B. co'li, Bacillus coli communis. B. glischrog'- enum [G. glischros. gluey, + gennao, I produce], an organism causing urine to become viscid. B. gun'therii, Streptococcus lebinis. B. lac'tis aerog'enes [G. aer, air. -f- -genes, producing], an organism in the intestine of nurslings, producing 1 actio and acetic acids. B. lac'tis cyanog'enes [G. kyanos, blue, -|- -genes, producing], gives to con- taminated milk a bluish coloration, B. lac'tis erythrog'enes [G. erythros, red, -\- -genes, produc- ing], produces a reddish color in milk. B. pneu- mo'niae, (i) pneumococcus; (2) pneumobacillus. B. puUo'rum, a microorganism causing white diarrhea in chickens; it is pathogenic for rabbits and possibly for man; it is found also in the eggs of infected hens. B. synxanthum (sin-zan'- thum) [G. syn, together with. -|- xanthos, yel- low], produces a yellow color in milk. B. ter'mo [G. terynon, end (of life)], a collective term applied to a number of putrefactive bacteria. B. tularen'se, an organism identified as the patho- genic agent of a plague-like disease in rodents, and later stated to be the cause of deer-fly fever.* B. vulga're, Bacillus proteus vulgaris, bacteriu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The passage of bacteria in the urine. bac'teroid. Bacterioid, bacteni'ria. Bacteriuria. bac'tofonn. Trade name of an alcohol soap solu- tion containing formaldehyde. Bactrid'ium. A term formedy used as a generic BACTRIDIUM log BALERI name for the immotile rod-shaped bacteria, now called by some Bacterium, as distinguished from the motile Bacillus. bacu'lifonn [L. baculum, a rod, + forma, form.] Rod-shaped. Badal's opera'tion (bS-dal') [Antoine Jules Badal, Bordeaux ophthalmologist, *i84o.] Laceration of the infratrochlear nerve for the relief of pain in glaucoma. Baden-Baden, Germany (bah'den) . Muriated waters 112° F. to' 154° F.; some twenty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic gouty aflfec- tions, chronic rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, conditions resulting from injuries to bones and joints, cutaneous, tuberculous, catarrhal affec- tions, syphilis, anemia, renal troubles, disorders of the nervous system, chronic malaria, and other infections. Baden, Austria (bah'den). Sulphurous waters, 80.6° to 96° F. Used by drinking and bath- ing in rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic gouty, tuberculous, and cutaneous affections. Bad nau'heim. See Naukeim. bael-fmit (bel-froot), Belae fructus, Bengal quince; the dried unripe fruit of Mgle marmelos, a tree of northern India, possessing astringent and aro- matic properties ; employed in dysentery in doses of 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) of a fluid extract. Baelz's disease' (baits) [Erwin B. von Baelz, German physician, long resident in Tokio, 1845-19 13. Myxadenitis labialis. Baer's cav'ity (bar) [Carl Ernst von Boer, Russian anatomist, 1792-1876.] The segmentation cavity of the blastula. B.'s ves'icle, the ovule. Baer's meth'od [William Stevenson Baer, American orthopedic surgeon, *i872.] Injec- tion of sterilized oil into an ankylosed joint, after the adhesions have been broken up, to prevent their reformation. Baerensprung's erythras'ma (bar'en-sproong). [F. G. F. von Baerensprung, German physician, 1822- 1865.] Eczema marginatum of the thighs. bag [A. S. baelg.] i . A pouch, sac, receptacle, n , The udder of a cow. 3. The scrotum (vulg.). b. of waters, the membranous sac containing the liquor amnii. Bagdad boil. Oriental boil.* BagnJres-de-Bigorre, France (bS-iiyer'de-be-gor'). Saline-sulphurous-f erruginous-arsenical waters , 72° F. to 120° F. Numerous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, tuberculosis, cutaneous disorders; affections of the respiratory system, intestines, and urinary organs, anemia, and diseases of women. Bagnires-de-Luchon. See Luchon. Bagnoles-de-1'Orne, France (bS-nyol-de-lom'). Sa- line-sulphurous-lithic-silicious - arsenical - c h a I y beate waters, 66° F. and 80° F. Used by drink- ing and bathing, in rheumatism, phlebitis, dis- eases of the digestive organs, tuberculosis, cu- taneous diseases, neuroses, chlorosis, dyspepsia, congestion of the abdominal viscera, and women's diseases. June i to October i. Bailey Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-chalybeate waters; seven springs. Used in renal disease, dyspepsia, anemia, general debility, cutaneous diseases, and inflammatory ocular affections. Baillarger's band (bi-yar-zha') [Jules Gabriel Francois Baillarger, French alienist, 1806-1891.] A thin lamina of white matter separating the gray substance of the cortex cerebri into two layers; called also the outer band of B., to distin- guish it from another white layer, sometimes visible, separating the inner gray layer into two. and called the inner band of B. In the region of the calcarine fissure, the outer band is called the band of Vicq d'Azyr. Baillie's pill (ba'le) [Matthew Baillie, English phy- sician, 1761-1823.] Guy's* pill. Ba'ker's cyst [WilUam Morrant Baker, English surgeon, 1839-1896.] A collection of synovial fluid which has escaped from a bursa and formed a new sac in the muscles or other tissues outside of the joint ; seen in connection with osteoarthritis. ba'ker's leg. Knock-knee, in-knee, genu* valgum. bak'kola. A fungous growth on birch trees in Fin- land, a decoction of which is popularly used in cancer; it contains a principle resembling chrys- arobin. bal'ance [L. W-, twice, +lanx, dish, scale.] i. An apparatus for weighing; scales. :«. The normal state of action and reaction between two or more parts or organs of the body. balan'ic [G. balanos, acorn, glans.] Relating to the glans penis or glans clitoridis. bal'anism. The employment of a pessary or sup- pository. balanitis (bal-an-i'(e')tis) [G. balanos, acorn, glans, + -itis.] Inflammation of the glans penis or glans clitoridis. b. circina'ta, a form thought to by due to the presence of Spirochceta balanitidis, b. diabet'ica, a form due to the irritation of the saccharine urine in diabetes. bal''anobIennorrhe'a. Gonorrheal inflammation of the external surface of the glans penis. balanocele (bal'an-o-sel) [G. balanos, acorn, glans, + kele, hernia.] Protrusion of the glans penis through a gangrenous opening in the prepuce. balanoposthitis (bal'an-o-pos-thi'(the')tis) [G. bal^ anos, acorn, glans, -I- posthe, prepuce, + -itis.J Inflammation of the glans penis and overlying prepuce. balanorrhagia (baI"an-S-raj'I-ah) [G. balanos, acorn, glans, + -rhagia.'] Hemorrhage from the glans penis. balanorrhea (bal-an-6-re'ah) [G. balanos, glans, -f rhoia, a flow.] Purulent balanitis. Balantid'ium [G. balantidion, dim. of balantion, a bag.] A genus of ciliated Infusoria. B. co'li, Paramecium coli, a parasitic infusorian in the rectum of man and other vertebrates; whether it is pathogenic or not is disputed. B. minu'tum, a species smaller than the preceding, also para- sitic in the human intestine. Balbiani's bod'y (bahl-be-ah'ne) [Edouard Gerard Balbiani, French embryologist, *i82S. ] Vitelline body, i* temporary spherical structure in the vitellus of the impregnated ovum, consisting of a central nodule surrounded by a zone of modified protoplasm; the yolk-nucleus or idio- some of the oocyte. balbuties (bal-bu'shl-ez) [L. balbus, stammering.] Stammering, stuttering. bald [M.E. balled^ Without hair over a greater or lesser portion of the scalp. bald'ness. Absence of hair from a greater or lesser portion of the scalp; calvities, alopecia. Bal'dy's opera'tion [John Montgomery Baldy, Phila- delphia gynecologist, *i86o.] An operation for retrodisplacement of the uterus, consisting in bringing the round ligaments through the per- forated broad ligaments and attaching them to each other and to the back of the uterus. baleri (bal-a-ree') [a Peuhl (African) term meaning south.] A trypanosomiasis of horses, asses, and dogs in the upper Niger valley in West Africa; the causal agent is Trypanosoma pecaudi. BALFOUR'S DISEASE BALSAMUM Bal'four's disease' [George Williatn Balfour, English physician, 1822-1903.] Chloroma. Bal'four's infec'tive gran'ule [Andrew Balfour, Scotch physician in Khartoum, *i873.] A min- ute highly retractile granule observed in some of the red blood corpuscles in the spirochete infection of fowls; the granules are derived from the spirochetes in the blood. ball. In veterinary medicine a large pill or bolus, about the size of a man's thumb, made with honey or molasses and linseed meal as the excipient. Ball's opera'tion [Sir Charles Bent Ball, Dublin sur- geon, 1851-1916.] Division of the sensory nerve-trunks supplying the anus, for relief of pruritus ani. ball-and-sock'et joint. Enarthrosis. ballet-dancer's cramp (bal'a-dan'surz). An occupa- tion neurosis, marked by paresis or myalgia, especially of the muscles of the calf, in ballet dancers. Ballet's disease (bla-a'). [Gilbert Ballet, French neurologist, 1853-1916.] Ophthalmoplegia ex- terna. B.'s sign, Paralysis of voluntary move- ments of the eyeball with preservation of the automatic movements, sometimes present in exophthalmic goiter and hysteria. Ballingall's disease' (bal'ing-awl) [Sir George Bal- lingall, British military surgeon, 1780-1855.] Mycetoma. ball'ing-iron. In veterinary medicine, a mouth-gag for use when giving a ball or during operations in the mouth. ballism (bal'izm) [G. ballismos, jumping about.] 1. The occurrence of lively jerking or shaking movements, especially as observed in chorea. 2. Paralysis agitans. ballistics (bS-lis'tiks). The science of the curves taken by projectiles. ballistophobia (bal-is-to-fo'b![-ah) [G. ballo, I throw, + phobos, fear.] A raorbid fear of missiles. balloon'. To distend a cavity with air to facilitate its examination. balloon'-sick'ness. i . Pain in the back of the head and neck, dimness of vision, drowsiness, dyspnea, and a sense of extreme fatigue, occurring in aero- nauts on reaching a height of 10,000 to 15,000 feet; a condition similar to mountain sickness and caused by the rarity of the atmosphere. 2. A condition similar to seasickness occurring at low altitudes, due to the swaying and irregular motion of the car. ballottable (b&-lot'a-bl) . Capable of exhibiting the phenomenon of ballottement. ballottement (bS-lot-mon') [Fr. balloier, to toss up.] A method of diagnosis of pregnancy : with the tip- of the forefinger in the vagina, a sharp tap is made against the lower segment of the uterus ; the embryo, if present, is tossed upward, and if the finger is retained in place will presently be felt to strike against the wall of the uterus as it falls back. Ball'ston Spa, New York, Saline-calcic-magnesic- ferruginous waters. Cathartic and tonic. ball-throm'bus. An ante-mortem clot in the heart, not attached to the walls or valves of the organ. balm (bahm) [L. balsamum.] i. Balsam. 3. An ointment, especially a fragrant ointment. 3. A soothing application, b. of Gil'ead, (i) Mecca balsam, opobalsamum, an oleoresin from Com- miphora opobalsamum, probably the myrrh of the Bible; (2) the balsam fir, the source of Canada balsam. bal'mony. Snakehead, shellflower, bitter-herb, the dried herb Chelone glabra; laxative and anthel- mintic, in doses of '3i~i (2.0-4.0) of a fluid- extract. Bal'ne's cough. A paroxysmal cough occurring when the patient lies down, noted in certain cases of obstruction in the nasopharynx. balneog'raphy [L. balneum, bath, -I- G. graphs, I write.] A treatise on mineral springs and baths. balneol'ogy [L. balneum, bath, + G. -logia.] The branch of medical science which treats of the constitution of natural mineral waters and their therapeutic employment, especially in the form of baths. balneotherapeutics (bal"ne-o-ther-a-pu'tiks) [L. balneum, bath, -I- G. therapeutikos, relating to heal- ing.] Balneotherapy. bal"neother'apy [L. balneum, bath, + G. iherapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic application of baths. bal'neum, pi. bal'nea [L.] A bath. balop'ticon [G. ballo, I throw, cast, -I- optikos, relating to vision.] Projector, an instrument designed for the projection of the image of an opaque object on a screen. balsam (bawl'sum) [G. balsamon; L. balsamum.] 1. A fragrant, resinous or thick, oily exudate from various trees and plants. 2. Balm, an aromatic ointment or other form of healing application to wounds, b. of copai'ba, copaiba, b. of Mec'ca,' balm* of Gilead (1). b. of Peru', balsamum peruvianum. b. of St. Roc'co, a clear amber- colored fluid of a strong onion odor, employed as a preserving fluid for anatomical and histo- logical specimens, b. of sul'phur, a suspension of sulphur in olive or linseed oil in the proportion of I part in 8. b. of Tolu', balsamum toluta- num. Can'ada b., a liquid resin from the bal- sam-fir Abies balsamea, used for mounting histological specimens, fri'ars' b., tinctura benzoini composita; balsamum traumatictun (N.F.) gur'jun b., wood-oil, an oleoresin from Dipterocarpus alatus, a tree of India and other regions of southern Asia; employed in leprosy and in catarrhal troubles in doses of itr 10—30 (0.6-2.0). Tur'lington's b., friars' b. Wade's b., friars' b. balsam'ic. j.. Relating to balsam. 2. Fragrant, aromatic. Bal"sainoden'dron africa'num [G. balsamon, balsam, + dendron, tree.] A tree yielding bdellium, an adulterant of myrrh. B. myr'rha. Commiphora myrrha, the source of the official mjrrrh. bal'samum [L. balsamum; G. balsam.on.] Balsam, balm. b. america'num, b. tolutanum. b. cana- den'se, Canada balsam.* b. copai'vae, capaiba. b. peruvia'num (U.S. and Br.) balsam of Peru, a thick, dark brown liquid balsam obtained from Toluifera pereirm, used as a healing application to woimds. b. toluta'num (U.S. and Br.), balsam of Tolu, a yellowish brown soft mass, obtained from Toluifera balsamum; employed as a stimulant expectorant, dose gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). b. tran- quillans, soothing balsam, a preparation of the French Codex somewhat similar in composition and effect to oleum hyoscyami compositum (N.F.). b. traumat'icum, traumatic. Wade's, friars', or Turlington's balsam; benzoin 40, storax 12.8, balsam of Tolu 12 .8, balsam of Peru 6.4, aloes 3.2, myrrh 3,2, angelica root 1.6, alcohol to make 400; employed in catarrhal conditions in doses of 1515-30 (1.0-2.0) and by inhalation, and formerly used as an application to wounds. b. vi'tae Hoffman'ni, mistura oleobalsamica (N.F.) BALSER'S NECROSIS BANDAGE Balser's necro'sis (bahl'zer) [August Balser, German surgeon.] Pancreatitis with areas of gangrene and fat-necrosis, associated occasionally with fat- necrosis in the omentum and mesentery. Bamberger's albuminu'ria (bahm'ber-ger) [Hein- rich von Bamberger, Viennese physician, 1822- 1888.] Hematogenous, albuminuria occurring in anemia. B.'s disease', (i) saltatory spasm; (2) polyorrhomeningitis. B.'s sign, (i) jugular pulse in tricuspid insufficiency; (2) allochiria; (3) dulness on percussion at the angle of the scapula, clearing up as the patient leans forward, indicating pericarditis with effusion. B.'s type, pulmonary osteoarthropathy with drumstick deformity of the fingers and painful thickening of the long bones. Bamberger-Marie disease' (bahm'ber-ger- m^-re'). [Heinrich von Baviberger;* Pierre Marie.*} Hypertrophic pulmonary osteo- arthropathy. banana (b4-nah'-nah) [Sp.] The edible fruit of Musa sapientum, a tropical plant; it contains a large quantity of starch and about 3 per cent, of albuminoids. band. i. Any appliance or part of an apparatus that encircles or binds the body or a limb. 2I Any ribbon-shaped or cord-like anatomica structure that encircles or binds another structure or that connects two or more parts; fascia. anogen'ital b., the first indication of the perineum in the embryo, atrioventric'ular b., A B Bandages: A, gauntlet; B, figure-of-8 of the knee. Bandages: A, spica of the shoulder of the shoulders. B, figure-of-8 auric"uIoventric'ulaT b., His's band or bundle atrioventricular bundle.* bell'y b., a strip of flannel or other material encircling the abdomen den'tate b., fascia dentata. hom'y b., Tarinus's* band, mod'erator b., Reil's* band, zon'ular b., zona orbicularis [BNA]. . ban'dage. A piece of cloth or other material, ot varying shape and size, applied to a limb or other part of the bodv, to make compression, prevent motion, retain surgical dressings, etc. See also cuts under Barton, Sculietus, and Velpeau. Bartons b., Esmarch b., Galen's b., etc., see the proper names, cap'elline b. [L. capella, a cap], a ban- dage covering the head or an amputation stump like a cap. cir'cular b., one encircling a limb or the trunk, elas'tic b., one of India rubber or webbing employed to make pressure on a limb or other part. fig'ure-of-8 b., a b. applied alter- nately to two parts, usually two segments of a Recurrent Bandage of the Head. Spiral Bandage: A, simple; B, reversed. limb above and below the joint, in such a way that the turns describe the figure 8. ham'mock b., a b. for retaining dressings on the head; the dressings are covered by a wide gauze strip the ends of which are brought down over the ears and held while a narrow circular bandage is passed around the head, the ends are then turned up over the bandage and other turns are made secur- ing them firmly, immov'able b., a b. of cloth impregnated, with plaster-of-Paris, liquid glass, or the like, which hardens soon after its applica- tion, oblique' b., one in which the successive turns proceed obliquely up or down the limb, recurr'ent b., (i) a spiral b. in which a second layer is formed by turns made in a direc- tion the reverse of the first; (2) a b. applied to the end of an amputation stump, the head, etc., over- lapping strips being carried forward and back- ward, retained by a circular b. at each equatorial turn. reverse' b., a spiral b. in which with each turn the strip of cloth is turned back on itself, so as to facilitate adjustment to the swelling por- tion of a limb. roU'er b., a strip of cheese-cloth or other material, of variable width, rolled into a compact cylinder so as to facilitate its application. spi'ca b. FL. spica, ear of grain], a figure-of-8 b. applied to the body and the first part of a limb, C^Tp® T-Bandage. BANDAGE BARD'S SIGJN or to the hand and a finger, in which the suc- cessive strips overlap slightly, giving a fancied resemblance to an ear of wheat, spi'ral b., an oblique b. encircling a limb, the successive turns overlapping those preceding by one-half or one- third, suspen'sory b., a, bag of silk or cotton for supporting the scrotum and testes. T-b., a ban- dage of two strips of cloth attached at right angles, used for retaining dressings on the perineum, etc. Bandl's ring [Ludwig Bandl, German obstetrician, 1842-1892.] Contraction ring.* ban'dy-leg. Bow leg, genu* varum. Banff Hot Springs, Canada. Alkaline-carbonated- sulphureted waters, 114° F. and 195° F. Two springs. Used for drinking and bathing. Bang's bacill'us [Bemhard L. F. Bang, Danish phy- sician, *i848.] Bacillus abortus, an alleged pathogenic microorganism in puerperal fever in the cow. B.'s meth'od, segregation, instead of slaughter, of tuberculous cows; also removal of the calves of infected animals immediately after birth and feeding them with milk from healthy animals or with pasteurized milk. Bang's meth'od [Ivar Bang, Swedish physiolo- gical chemist, 1869-1918.] Microestimation of blood constituents; determination of the amounts of urea, sugar, albumin, etc. in the blood by the examination of one or more drops only, collected on blotting paper. Banc de San Pablo, Mexico (bahn'yo da sahn pah'blo) [Bath of St. Paul.] Alkaline-saline- carbonated waters. Used for bathing. Bafios en el Pefion, Mexico (bahn'yos en el pa-nyon') [Baths in the Rocky Mountain.] Alkaline-saline- carbonated waters, 114° F. Three springs. Rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, migraine, hepatic and gastroenteric affections, obesity, and diabetes, bant [see banting^ To follow the banting system for the reduction of flesh. Ban'ti's disease' [Guido Banii, Italian physician, contemporary.] An affection characterized by enlargement of the spleen, anemia, dyspnea, cirrhosis of the liver, and ascites. bant'ing. Relating to William Banting, a London undertaker (1797— 1878), who practised a system for reducing corpulency, recommended by Wil- liam Harvey, and wrote a pamphlet in support of it; see bantingism. ban'tingism [see banting.] A dietary method of treating corpulency by living chiefly on lean meat, avoiding fats and carbohydrates. bap'tin. A glucoside from baptisia. baptis'ia. Wild indigo, the root of Baptisia tinc- toria, an herb of eastern and central North America; employed as a nerve stimulant in fevers, in doses of nji-s (0.06-0.3) of a tincture, and locally in the form of decoction in aphthous stomatitis. bap'tisin (N.F.). A glucoside from baptisia, em- ployed as a tonic and astringent in doses of gr. i-3 (0.03-0.2), or njiis (l.o) of the fluid- extract. bar. One of the two convergent ridges on the ground surface of the hoqf of a horse, united by the frog, and fused with the sole in front; pars inflexa lateralis and pars inflexa medialis. bar (bahr) [G. barys, heavy.] Barye, a unit of pres- sure, representing one megadyne per square centimeter; as a unit of atmospheric pressure it is the equivalent of 29.53 mercury inches. Bar's incision [Paul Bar, French obstetrician, contem- porary.] An incision in the median line of the abdomen above the umbilicus, in cesarean sec- tion; longitudinal incision of the uterus from the fundus to Bandl's ring. B&rfiny's sign (bah'rah-ne) [Robert Bdrdny, Viennese otologist, *i876.] In cases of ear disease, in which the vestibule is healthy, injection into the external auditory canal of water below the body temperature (65 V F. or lower) will cause rotary nystagmus toward the opposite side; when the injected fluid is above the body tem- perature (106° F. or higher) the nystagmus will be toward the injected side; if the labyrinth is diseased there is no nystagmus. bar'ba [L.] i. The beard. 2. A hair of the beard. Barba'dos al'oes [Barbados, an island in the West Indies.] Aloe barbadense, see aloes. B. leg, elephantiasis. barbaloin (bar-bal'o-in). Aloin prepared from Barbados aloes, used in the treatment of chronic constipation in doses of gr. 4-2 (0.03-0.12). Barberio's test (bar-ba're-o) . A saturated aqueous solution of picric acid added to the washings of a suspected stain will give a yellow crystalline precipitate if the stain is that of semen. bar'berry. Berberis. bar'beis' itch. Sycosis .vulgaris. barbital (bar'W-tal). Trade name of veronal,"' diethylbarbituric acid, or diethylmalonylurea. as manufactured and sold in the United States. barbital-sodium. American made veronal-sodium, or soluble veronal, the sodium salt of diethyl- malonylurea, employed as a hypnotic in doses of gr. S-IS (0.3-1.0). barbitone (bar'bi-ton) . The name in the British Pharmacopoeia for barbital or veronal. barbitu'ric acid. A dibasic acid identical with malonylurea. barbone (bar-bo'na) [It. bearded.] A disease of cattle marked by high fever, depression, loss of appetite, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue, dyspnea, and edematous tumefactions on face, neck, shoulders, abdomen, and legs. These swellings consist of a yellow gelatiniform exudate. Death may occur in a few hours and the mortality amounts to 40 or 50 per cent. The disease occurs in young animals in the summer season. Ovoid cocci are found in the blood, saliva, milk, urine, and fetal blood' Barbone may be transmitted to the horse, ox, sheep, pig, guinea-pig, rabbit, pigeon, and turkey. Infection occurs through wounds of the skin, through the digestive mucous membrane, and through the pulmonary tissue. bar'bula hir'ci [L. dim. of barba, beard; hircus, goat.] The hairs growing from the tragus, antitragus, and incisura intertragica at the open- ing of the external auditory meatus. Bar'coo rot [Barcoo, a river in S. Australia.] i. A disease occurring in the interior of the southern part of Australia, characterized by emaciation and extensive desquamation. 2. An affection occurring in the interior of subtropical Australia in which a hard thick crust forms on any abraded portion of the skin; the lesion is usually dry though occasionally a little pus or blood can be expressed from beneath the crust; the condition is believed by some to be the same as Veld sore. B. vom'it, attacks of nausea and vomiting ac- companied by bulimia affecting those living in the interior of the southern part of Australia. Bard's sign [Louis Bard, Swiss physician, *i8s7.] Increased rapidity of the oscillations, in organic nystagmus, when the patient follows with his eye the examiner's finger moved back and forth in a lateral direction. BARDANE OIL "3 BARTHOLIN'S ANUS bar'dane oil. A thick oil from burdock. Bar'del's se'rum. An inorganic serum containing phenol 0.5, sodium chloride i, sodium sulphate 2, and sodium phosphate 3, in water 100. Bardinet's lig'ament (bar-de-na') [Barth^lemy Alphonse Bardinet, French physician, 1809-1874.] The posterior band of the internal lateral liga- ment of the elbow. BarigeB, Prance (bS-rezh'). Saline-sulphurous waters^ 45° F. to 105° P. Fifteen springs. Used by drinking and bathing, in chronic rheumatism, tuberculous affections, diseases of the bones and joints, old wounds, cutaneous diseases^ syphilis, and certain local paralyses. June to September. Bareggi's test (bah-red'je) . The clot formed after 18 to 24 hours in blood from a typhoid fever subject is soft and watery, the separated serum being comparatively small in amount. baregin (bar-ezh'in) [Bariges, in the waters of which it is found.] Glairin baxesthesiometer (bar"es-the"zI-om'e-tur) [G. baros, weight, + aisthesis, sensation, + metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the pressure sense. Barety's meth'od (bar-a-te') [Jean Paul BarHy, French surgeon, 1887-1912.] A modified ex- tension method for the treatment of hip disease and fracture of the thigh. Barfoed's test (bahr'fed) [Christen Thomsen Bar- foed, Swedish physician, 1815-1889.] Foi' dex- trose: a solution of acetate of copper in acetic acid forms a precipitate when added to a solution containing dextrose. Barger's Springs, W. Va. Waters heavily charged with sulphureted hydrogen, 58° F. Rheuma- tism, atonic djrspepsia, chronic cystitis, and general debility. bar'ic. Relating to barium. barill'a. Commercial siJphate and carbonate of sodium. ba'rium. A metallic dyad element, symbol Ba, atomic weight 136.4, the oxide of which is an alkaline earth, baryta, ba'rii chlo'ridum, barium chloride, colorless lamellar crystals or a white crystalline powder; employed as a heart tonic and for varicose veins, in doses of gr. |-i (0.012-0.06). ba'rii ox'idum, barium oxide, baryta, BaO. ba'rii sul'phidum, barium sulphide, a grayish yellow powder, employed as a depilatory. Barium Springs, N. C. Waters contain bariuit sulphate and chloride, iron, magnesia, etc Syphilis, eczema, dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, and irritable conditions of the lymphatic system. bark. i. The envelope or covering of the roots-, trunk, and branches of plants. 2. Cinchona. calisa'ya b., yellow b., the dried bark of Cin- chona calisaya. cincho'na b., the dried bark of various species of Cinchona, the source of quinine and numerous other alkaloids, crown b., pale b. drug'gists' b., cinchona b., removed from the trunk and dried in quills. Hux'ham's tinc'ture of b., tinctura cinchonas composita. Jes'uits' b., cinchona. Lox'a b., pale b. manu- fac'turers' b., cinchona b., broken and pressed flat to facilitate transportation, mossed b., Ught colored cinchona b., the result of binding the trunk with paper, cloth, leaves, etc. pale b., crown b., Loxa b., the dried b. of Cinchona officinalis. Peru'vian b., cinchona, red b., the dried bark of Cinchona succirubra; see cin- chona rubra, renewed b., cinchona b. which has been formed to cover portions of the tree previously denuded. tinc'ture of b., tinctura cinchona. yel'low b., cinchona flava. 8 Barnes's Bag, Bar'ker's post-par'tum pills [Fordyce Barker, Ameri ■ can obstetrician, 1817-1891.] ' Pilule laxativffi post partum (N.F.). Barkow's lig'ament (bar'kov) [Hans C. L. Barkow, German anatomist, 1798- 1873.] Ligamentous fibers running from the posterior ligament of the elbow to the upper edge of the olecranon fossa. bar'ley. Hordeum. pearl b., hordeum decorticatum. Bar'low's disease' [Sir Thomas Barlow, London physician, *i845.] Infantile scurvy.* Barnes's bag or dila'tor [Robert Barnes, London obstetrician, 1817-1907.] A dilatable, hour-glass-s h a p e d, rubber bag, made in various sizes, used for dilating the cervix uteri. B.'s curve, a curve corresponding in general with Cams' curve, being the segment of a circle whose center is the promontory of the sacrum. B.'s spec'ulum, a form of vaginal speculum. B.'s zone, cervical zone, the lower fourth of the preg- nant uterus, attachment of the placenta to any part of which may cause dangerous hemorrhage during child-birth. bar'ograph [G. baros, weight, -I- grapho, I write.] A form of self-registering barometer. barom'eter [G. baros, weight, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere, either the variations of pressure in one locality determined by cyclonic and anti- cyclonic disturbances, or the diminution of pres- sure at elevations, thereby determining the height above sea-level. The older form is a. column of mercury in a tube sealed at its upper end, the pressure of the air being measured by the height of the column of mercury, an'eroid b., see aneroid, plague b., animals, such as guinea-pigs, are kept in a house during the prevalence of plague in the city; if one dies it is immediately examined, and if found to be plague infected, the necessary antiplague measures are at once instituted, self-reg'istering b., barograph. baromet'rograph. Barograph. bai'oscope [G. baros, weight, -t- skoped, I view.] An instrument for indicating, without accurately weighing, the variations of atmospheric pressure. Baros'ma [G. barys, heavy, -f- osme, odor.] A genus of shrubs of the natural order Ruiaceee one species of which, B. boiulina, furnishes butch, barotax'is [G. baros, weight, -f- taxis, orderly ar- rangement.] Reaction of living protoplasm to pressure in any form. barot'topism [G. baros, weight, + trope, a uming.]. Barotaxis. barr'en. Noting a woman who has borne no chil- dren by reason of sterility in herself. Barrier's vac'uoles (bSr-re-a') [Franfois Marguerite Barrier, French physician, 1813-1870.] Peri- bronchitio abscesses. Barry's retinac'ula (bar'i) [Martin Barry, English biologist, 1802-1855.] Filaments running in various directions in the Graafian follicle. Barth's her'nia [Jea'n Baptiste Barth, Strasburg physician, nineteenth century.] Engagement of a loop of intestine between a persistent vitelline duct and the abdominal wall. Bartholin's a'nus (bar'to-lin) [K.a.sp3.T Bartholin, Copenhagen anatomist, 1655— 1738.] Aditus ad aquaeductum cerebri [BNA]. B.'s duct, ductus major Rivini; an occasional large duct of the sublingual salivary gland, running beside BARTHOLIN'S ANUS 114 BASIFACIAL Barton's Bandage. Wharton's duct and opening with it. B.'s gland, (i) glandula vestibularis major; (2) a division of the sublingual gland. barthoUnitis (bar-to-lin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of a vulvovaginal gland. Bart'lett Springs, California. Alkaline-carbonated waters. Used by bathing in rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, and chronic alcoholism. Bar'ton's ban'dage [John Rhea Barton, Philadel- phia surgeon, 1794-1871.] A figure-of-8 bandage supporting the lower jaw below and anteriorly, employed in fracture. B.'s frac'ture, fracture of the lower articular ex- tremity of the radius Bartonella bacilliformis (bar-tojiel'ah ba-sil"i- for'-mis). A rod-like organism, possibly pro- tozoan, believed to be the pathogenic agent in Oroya fever. Baruch's law (bar-ookh') [Simon Baruch, New York physician, *i840.] The effect of any hydriatic procedure is in direct proportion to the difference between the temperature of the water and that of the skin; when the tempera- ture of the water is above or below that of the skin the effect is stimulating, when the two tem- peratures are the same the effect is sedative. B.'s sign. Persistence of an elevated rectal temperature after the patient has been for 15 minutes in a bath at 75° F., indicative of typhoid fever. baru'ria [G. barys, heavy, -I- ouron, urine.] A gen- eral increase in the solid constituents of the urine. Bar'well's opera'tion [Richard Barwell, English surgeon, 1826— 1916.] Division of the lower end of the femur above, and upper end of the tibia below, the epiphyseal line, for the correction of knock-knee. barye (bar'J( [G. harys, heavy.] Bar,* a unit of pres- sure. baryecoia (bai^'e-e-koyah) [G. baryehoia.l Deafness, hardness of hearing. baiygloss'ia [G. barys, heavy, + gldssa, tongue.] Barylalia. baryla'lia [G. barys, heavy, + lalia, speech.] Bary- .phonia (2), baryglossia; difiiculty in sf)eech. baryma'zia [G. barys, heavy, + mazos, breast.] Hypertrophy of the breast. barypho'nia [G. barys, heavy, + phone, voice.] i. A deep voice. 2. Barylalia. bary'ta. [G. fcarj/^e^, weight.] Barium oxide, BaO; it is caustic, and forms poisonous salts with many acids. barythy'mia [G. barys, heavy, -I- thymos, mind, disposition.] Depression of spirits. ba'sad^ In a direction toward the base of any object or structure. ba'sal. I. Relating to a base. 2. In dentistry, noting the floor of a cavity in the grinding surface of a tooth. bascula'tion [Fr. basculer, to swing.] i. The re- placement of a retroverted uterus by a sort of seesaw movement. 2. Systolic recoil of the heart. base [G. basis.] 1. The lower part or bottom; the part opposite the apex. z. In pharmacy, the chief ingredient of a compound. 3. In chemistry an electropositive element or radical which unites with an acid to form a salt ; a compound of . hydroxyl which neutralizes an acid, tak ng the place in it of the hydrogen component, thereby forming a salt. 4. The support for the teeth in an artificial denture, acidifi'able b., one which, by union with water, forms an acid, al'dehyde b., one derived from an ammonia compound of • aldehyde, allox'ur b., alloxu'ric b., xanthine b. an'imal b., a leucomaine or ptomaine, hex'one b., a nitrogen-containing amino-body formed by the hydrolysis of a protamine; arginine, histidine, and lysine are hexone bases, his'tone b., hexone b. nuclein'ic b., xanthine b. pres'sor b., one of several products of intestinal putrefaction, which are believed to cause functional hyper- piesis, or high blood pressure, when absorbed. pu'rine b., xanthine b. pyrim'idine b., certain bodies, such as cytosine, urasil, and thymine, resulting from the splitting up of protein; they are closely related to the purine bases, xan'- thine b., alloxur b., purine b., a group of nitroge- nous bodies resulting from the splitting up of nucleins; such are xanthine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine. basedoid (baz'e-doyd) [Basedow + G. eidos, resem- blance.) Noting a condition resembling Base- dow's, or Graves' disease. Basedow's disease' (bah'zeh-dawv) [Karl A. von Basedow, German physician, 1799—1854.] Exoph- thalmic goiter.* Basedowian (baz-e-do'vi-an) . A sufferer from Basedow's or Graves' disease. basement (bas'ment) . Base. b. mem'brane, a very thin membrane beneath the epithelium of a mucous membrane and beneath the secreting glands opening on its surface. bas-fond (bah-fawh'). Fundus. Bash'am's mix'ture [William Richard Basham, En- glish physician, 1804-1877.] Liquor ferri et ammonii acetatis. ba'sial. Relating to the basion. basialveolar (ba-si-al-ve'o-lar). Relating to both basion and alveolar point, noting especially the b. length, or the shortest distance between these two points. basiarachnitis, basiarachnoiditls (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'- (ne')tis, ba-se-ar-ak-noy-di'(de')tis). Inflamma- tion of the arachnoid membrane at the base of the brain. ba'sic. Relating to a base of any kind; basilar, basal; basylous. basicaryoplastin (bas-t-kar"!-o-plas'tin) [G. basis, base, + karyon, kernel, nucleus, + plastin.] Basiparachromatin, the form of basiparaplastin which occurs in the nucleus. basichromiole (bas-J-kro'nJ-ol) [G. basis, base, -I- chroma, color.] One of the basophil granules en- tering into the composition of the caryomitome. basicity (ba-sis'i-tl). i. The valence or combining power of an acid, or the number of replaceable atoms of hydrogen in its molecule, a. The quality of being basic. basicra'nial. Relating to the base of the skull. basicytoparaplastin (bas-i-si"to-par-ah-plas'tin) [G. basis, base, + kytos, cell, 4- paraplastin.] The form of basiparaplastin which occurs in the cyto- plasm. basid'lospore. A space formed by abstriction from a basiditun. basid'ium. A large spore-producing cell in some of the lower plant forms. basifa'cial. Relating to the lower portion of the face. BASIFUGAL "S BASTIAN-BRUNS LAW basif'ugal [L. basis, base, + fugere, to flee.] In botany, acropetal, proceeding upward from the base, said of the growth of leaves. basihy'al, basihy'oid. Relating to the base or body of the hyoid bone. bas'ilar. Relating to a base, basal, b. ang'Ie, Bro- ca's angle, see tmder angle, b. ar'tery, arteria basilaris. b. bone, basioccipital bone, the basilar process of the occipital bone which exists as an independent center of ossification up to about the fourth or fifth year. b. mem'brane, mem- brana basilaris. b. meningi'tis, meningitis, usually tuberculous, at. the base of the brain. b. process, the anterior portion of the occipital bone b. si'nus, sinus transversus. b. vein, vena basalis. basUat'eral. Relating to the base and one or more sides of any part. basilemm'a [G. basis, base, + lemma, rind.] Base ment membrane. basil'ic vein [G. basilikos, royal.] Vena basilica vena mediana basilica. basil'icon [G. basilikos, royal.] Ceratum resinse. basil'ysis [G. basis, base, + lysis, a loosening.] Crushing the base of the skull of a fetus when delivery of a living child is impossible. bas'ilyst [G. basis, base, + lyo, I break up.] An instrument for crushing and extracting the head aft:r craniotomy. ba'sin. i. A circular dish, wider than deep, with sloping bottom. 2. The pelvis. 3. The third ventricle of the brain. basinasal (ba'sl-na'zal). Relating to the basion and the nasion, noting especially the b. length, or the shortest distance between the two points. basina'sial. Basinasal. basioccipital (bas"i-ok-sip'J-tal). Relating to the basilar process of the occipital bone. b. bone, basilar* bone. basioglos'sus. The hyoid origin of the hyoglossus muscle. ba'sion [G. basis, a base.] The middle point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, opposite the opisthion. basiotribe (bas'1-o-trib) [G. basis, base, . + tribo, I bruise.] An instrument like a forceps with cen- tral perforator, employed in craniotomy. Taeniee's Basiotribe. basiotrip'sy. Basilysls. basiparachromatin (bas-i-par-ah-kro'ma-tin). Basi- caryoplastin. basiparaplastin (bas-I-par-ah-plas'tin). The baso- phil or amphobasophil form of paraplastin. basip'etal [L. basis, base, -I- petere, to seek.] In a direction toward the base; in botany, noting a form of branching or leaf-formation in which the youngest members are near the base. basipho'bia [G. basis, a stepping, + phobos, fear.] An insane fear of walking. basirrhi'nal. Relating to the base of the rhinen- cephalon. ba'sis [L. and G.] Base, foundation, b. cra'nii, the base of the skull, b. pedun'culi [BNA], base of the peduncle, pedal portion or crusta of the CFus cerebri, the ventral portion of the pedunculus (crus) cerebri passing to the outer side of the optic thalamus and continuous with the internal cap- sule ; its fibers descend from the cortex. basisphenoid (bas-1-sfe'noyd). Relating to the base or body of the sphenoid bone; noting the inde- pendent center of ossification in the embryo which forms the posterior portion of the body of the sphenoid bone. basisyl'vian fis'sure. Vallecula Sylvii, the portion, of the Sylvian fissure between the orbital surface of the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. basitem'poral. Relating to the lower part of the temporal region. basivertebral (bas"-J-vur'te-bral). Relating to the body of a vertebra. Basle (Basel) anatom'ical no'menclature. A list of Latin terms in anatomy adopted by the German Anatomical Society at its meeting in Basle in 1895. The terms there authorized, especially when they differ from the older, nomenclatu e, are indicated in this dictionary by the sign [BNA]. basometachromophil, basometachromophile (bas"o- met"ah-kro'mo-fil, or fil) [G. basis, base, -I- meia, beyond (change), + chroma, color, -1- philos, fond.] Staining a color different from that of the sur- rounding substance with basic dyes. basophil, basophile (bas'o-fil, or fil) [G. basis, base, -I- phileo, I love.] 1. Having an affinity for basic or nuclear stains, noting certain cell-granules and tissues. 2. A cell, especially a white blood cell, which stains readily with basic dyes. basophil'la [G. basis, base, -I- phileo, I love.] x. A condition in which basophil or mast cells are present in undue number. 2. A degenerative condition of the erythrocytes in which they present a number of minute granules taking a basic stain; granular degeneration, basophilic degeneration, punctate basophilia, punc'tate b., stippling, staining of minute intracellular granules with basic dyes. basophil'ic, basoph'ilous. Basophil (i). basopho'bia. Basiphobia. basoplasm (bas'o-plazm. That part of the cyto plasm which stains readily with basic dyes. Bassini's opera'tion (bahs-se'ne) [Edoardo Bassini, Italian surgeon, *i847.] For the radical cure of hernia: after reduction of the hernia, the sac is twisted, ligated, and cut off, obliterating the canal; then a new canal is made by uniting the edges of the rectus and internal oblique muscles and joining them to the transversalis fascia and Poupart's ligament, placing on this the cord, and covering the latter by the external oblique which is also sutured to Poupart's ligament. Bassler's sign (bas'ler) [Anthony Bassler, New York physician, *i876.] In chronic appendi- citis pinching the appendix between the thumb of the operator and the iliacus muscle causes sharp pain; the tip of the thumb is pressed into the abdominal wall halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior superior spine of th« ilium and is then pushed to the right. bast. [A.S. bcBst.] The fibrous inner portion of the bark of linden and other trees. bas'tard. i. Illegitimate. 2. Spurious. Baste'do's sign [W. A. Bastedo, New York physician, *i873.] Pain and tenderness in the right iliac fossa on inflation of the colon with air, in cases of chronic appendicitis. Bas'tian-Bruns law [Henry Charlton Bastian, Eng- BASTIAN-BRUNS LAW ii6 BATTLEY'S SEDATIVE DROPS lish neurologist, 1837-1915; Ludwig Bruns German neurologist, *i8s8.] Loss of all reflexes in total obstruction of the conducting paths of the cord, high up. Bastianelli meth'od (bahs-tyah-nel'le) [P. Basiia- nelli, Italian surgeon, contemporary.] Sterilization of the skin 'of the abdomen, prior to operation, by the application of a i-iooo solution of iodine crys- ' tals in benzin, and when this has dried, of a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and tincture of iodine. ba'syl [G. basis, base, + hyle, stuff.] The base or electropositive element of a salt. bas'ylous. Basic, relating to the basyl or base of a salt. Bate'man's disease' [Thomas Bateman, London phy- sician, 1778-1821.] I. MoUuscum contagiosum. 2. Alopecia areata. B.'s her'pes, herpes iris. B.'s pec'toral drops, tinctura pectoralis (N.F.). bath. 1. The immersion of the body or any of its parts in water or any other yielding or fluid medium; or the application of such medium in any form — spray, vapor, affusion, jets, etc. — to a part or the whole of the body. 2. The apparatus employed in giving a bath of any form. The term is qualified according to the medium used: water bath, air bath, sand bath, mud bath, etc.; according to the temperature of the medium: hot, warm, tepid, temperate, cool, and cold (see below); according to the form in which the medivun is applied: spray baths, vapor bath, douche bath, etc.; according to the medica- ment added to the medium: acid bath, alkaline bath, alum bath, astringent bath, mustard bath, sulphur bath, etc. ; and according to the part bathed: full bath, foot bath, sits bath, etc. Baths are given in therapeutics for their local effect upon the skin in cutaneous disorders or for their effect upon the nervous or circulatory system, either relaxing or stimulating. The science which treats of bathing, especially bathing in the sea or in the waters of mineral springs, is called balneology; the branch of therapeutics which deals with the local or general application of water in various forms and at various tempera- tures, chiefly for its systemic effects, is called hydrotherapy or (incorrectly) hydropathy, air b., the exposure of the naked body to the air, either cold or warm, an'imal b., the application of the warm tissue of a, recently killed animal to any part, blood b., a, b. in the warm, freshly drawn blood of an animal. Brand b., see Brand. cold b., one in water at a temperature of 45° F. (7.5° C. or lower), cool b., one in water at a temperature of about 68° F. (20° C). douche b., the local application of water in the form of a large jet or stream, elec'tric b., electrothera- peu'tic b., (i) one in which the medium is charged with electricity; (2) the application of static electricity, the patient standing on an insulated platform, foot b., pediluvium. full b., one in which the entire body is immersed, grad'uated b., one in which the temperature of the water is gradually lowered, half b., one in which only the hips and lower extremities are immersed. hot b., one in water at a temperature of about 106° F. (41° C.) or over, hydroelec'tric b., electric b. (i). moor b., immersion of the body in thin mud taken from a swamp or other uncul- tivated tract. Nau'heim b., see Schott* treat- ment, nee'dle b., one in which water is thrown forcibly against the body in the shape of many very fine jets, rain b., (i) one taken by standing naked in the rain; (2) a very gentle form of shower bath. Rus'sian b., a warm vapor bath followed by rubbing and a cold plunge, sand b. (i) covering the body with warm dry sand; (2) an arrangement whereby a substance to be treated (in chemical operations) is in a vessel which is protected from the direct action of the fire by a layer of sand, sitz b. [Ger. sitzen, to sit], a hip bath, the patient sitting in the tub, the legs being outside, tem'perate b., one at a temperature of about 78° F. (26 . 2° C). tep'id b., one in water at a temperature of about 86° F. (30° C). Turk'ish b., a hot-air bath followed by rubbing and hot and cold douching, warm b., one at a temperature of about 98° F. (36.6°C.). water b., see water*-bath. Bath, England. Saline waters, 120° F., 117° P. and 104° F. Three springs. Used by bathing and drinking, in chronic rheumatism, gout, neuralgia; digestive, respiratory, and nervous disorders; anemia, and cutaneous diseases. Bath Alum Springs, Virginia. Acid-chalybeate- aluminous waters. Five springs. Cutaneous diseases, chronic diarrhea, relaxed conditions of the mucous membranes, and general debility. May to November. bath'mic. Relating to bathmism. b. evolu'tion, orthogenic evolution, a change of type due to something inherent in the constitution, inde- dependent of the environment. bath'mism [G. bathmis, a step.] The vital force governing the function of nutrition. bathmotrop'ic [G. bathmos, threshold, -I- trope, a turning.] Influencing nervous and muscular excitability in response to stimuli, neg'atively b., lessening, and pos'itively b., increasing nerv- ous or muscular irritability. bath"yanesthe'sia, bathyanEesttie'sia [G. bathys, deep, -I- an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Loss of deep or mesoblastic sensibility. bathycar'dia [G. bathys, deep, + kardia, heart.] A condition in which the heart occupies a lower position than normal, but is fixed there, being thereby distinguished from cardioptosis. bathyesthesia, bathyaesthesia (bath"i-es-the'zl-ah) [G. bathys, deep, + aisthesis, sensation.] Sensa- tion in the parts below the surface of the body; the muscle sense, deep or mesoblastic sensibility. bathyhyperesthesia (bath-i-hi"per-es-the'z!(-ah) [G. bathys, deep, -|- hyper, above, + aisthesis, sensation. ] Exaggerated sensitiveness of the muscular tissues and other deep structures. bathyhypesthesia (bath-!(-hip"es-the'zi-ah) [G. bathys, deep, -|- hypo, under, + aisthesis, sensa- tion.] Impairment of sensation in the deeper parts; partial loss of the muscle sense. batrachoplasty (bat'rak-o-plas-tl) [G. batrachos, frog, ranula, + plasso, I form.] An operation for the cure of ranula. batt'ery. An apparatus for the generation of galvanic electricity by chemical action; it may consist of one cell or of any number of cells connected in a series, farad'ic b., an apparatus for producing induced electricity, galvan'ic b., one in which an electric current is produced by chemical action, stor'age b., secondary b., one in which chemical energy is stored and produces an electric current for a considerable period. Bat'tey's opera'tion [Robert Battey, American surgeon, 1828-1895.] Removal of the normal ovaries to induce an artificial menopause for the cure of uterine fibroids and other conditions. Battle's sign (bat'l). Postauricular and sub- conjunctival ecchymosis in cases of fracture of the base of the skull. Bat'tley's sed'ative drops [Richard Battley, English BATTLEY'S SEDATIVE DROPS 117 BEARD chemist, 1770-1S56.] Opium 3, water 30, alcohol 6; dose TT55-15 (0.3-1.0). Baudelocque's diam'eter (bod-lok') [Jean Louis Baiidclocque , Parisian obstetrician, 1745— 1810.] External conjugate. B,'s u'terine cir'cle, Bandl's ring, contraction ring. Baudelocque's opera'tion (bod-lok') [Louis Auguste Baudelocque, Parisian obstetrician, nephew of Jean Louis B., 1S00-1S64.] B.'s elytrotomy, an incision through the posterior cul-de-sac of the vagina for the removal of the ovum, in ex- trauterine pregnancy. ^%J^^ Storage Battery. Bauhin's gland (bo-an') [Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss anatomist 1560— 1624.] Glandula lingualis an- terior, B.'s valve, valvula* coli, the ileocecal valve, a fold of mucous membrane where the ileum empties into the cecum. baume du commandeur (bom du cum-mahh-der'') [ Fr. commander's balsam.] A medieval vul- nerary containing aloes. Baum^ scale (bo-ma') [Antoine Baume, French chemist and pharmacist, 172S-1804.] One of two hvdrometer scales for determining the specific gravity' of liquids heavier and lighter than water respectively. To read the Baume scale in terms of specific gravity: for liquids lighter than water divide 140 by 130 plus the Baume degree; for liquids heavier than water divide 145 by 145 minus the Bauin^ degree. Baumes' law (bo-mes') [Jean Baptiste Timothee Baumes, French physician, 1777-1828.] Colles's law. B.'s symp'tom, pain behind the sternum in angina pectoris. Baumgarten's method (bowm'gar-ten) [P. von Baumgarten, German pathologist, *iS48.] For the differentiation of the leprosy and the tubercle bacillus: smears are fixed and stained in dilute alcoholic fuchsin for five minutes, decolorized in a 10 per cent, solution of nitric acid in alcohol, washed, counterstained in methylene blue, again washed, and mounted; the leprosy bacillus is stained red, the tubercle bacillus blue. baunscheidtism fbown'shit-izm) [Carl Baunscheidi, a German mechanic, 19th century.] A method of producing counterirritation in the treatment of various diseases, by puncturing the skin with an instrument set with numerous needles, and then rubbing in croton oil or other irritant. Bava'rian splint. A plaster-of-Paris splint made of two folds of canton flannel with plaster between. bay [a body of water indenting the line of the coast.] In anatomy, a recess containing fluid, noting specifically the lacrymal bay, a slight recess at the internal angle or canthus of the eye, in which are the puncta lacrimalia, or openings of the lacrymal ducts. Bayard's ecchymo'ses (ba-yar') [Henri Louis Bayard, French physician^ 1812-1S52.] Sub- pleural and subpericardial hemorrhages in infants who have been sviffocated in utero; see Tardieu's* ecchynioses. tiay'berry. i. The fruit of Myrica cerifera, wax myrtle, candle-berry. 2. The fruit of Laurus nobilis, the baytree. baycuru'. The root of L-imonitim brazUiensis 01 Siaiice brazUiensis, a plant of South America; astringent and hemostatic, employed in the treat- ment of diarrhea and dysentery and in metror- rhagia and hemoptysis in the form of a decoction or in doses of ttp_io-2o (o. 6-1 . 3) of a fiuidextract. Bayle's disease' [Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician, 1774-1816.] General paralysis of the insane. B.'s granula'tions, miliary tubercles. bayonet-leg (ba' j-net). The deformity caused by a permanent backward dislocation of the bones of the leg at the knee-joint. bay-rum. A toilette preparation distilled from a maceration of bay leaves (from Myrcia acris) in Santa Cruz rum; also made from oil of myrcia according to the formula for spiritus myrcia (U.S., 1890). Bazin's disease' (bah-zah') [Antoine Pierre Ernest Bazin, Paris dermatologist, 1807-1S7S.] i. Buccal psoriasis. 2. Erythema nodosum. B.B. Mineral Springs, Missouri Sulphated-saline- aluminous waters. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing for rheumatism. bdella (del'ah) [G. leech.] A leech, hirudo. bdellatomy (del-at'o-ml). Bdellotomy, bdellepithecium (del-ep-l-the'sl-um) [G. bdella, leech, + epi, upon, + iheke, a box.] A cylinder for holding a leech until it has fastened itself to the skin. bdellium (del'I-um). A gum from Balsamodendron africanuni, a common adulterant of myrrh. Also a gum from B. ■niiikul of India, and another from H yphcene ihebaica of Egypt. bdellot'omy (del-ot'o-ml) [G. bdella, leech, + iome, incision.] Incision into or cutting off the end of a sucking leech so that the blood may escape from its body allowing it to continue sucking. B.E. [Ger. Bacillen-EmulsionJ] Bacillary emul- sion; see under tuberculin. beaded (be'ded). i. Marked ly numerous small rounded projections, often arranged in a row like a string of beads; see rachitic* rosary. 2. Noting a line of stroke or stab culture formed of a series of non-continuous colonies; see cut under culture, B, 2. beaker (be'kur). A thin glass vessel, with a lip for pouring, used by chemists for heating liquids. Beale's cells [Lionel Smith Be-a/^, English physician, 1828-1906.] A bipolar cell of the heart with one spiral and one straight prolongation. B.'s stain, a fluid of carmine i, ammonia 3, glycerin 96, dis- tilled water 96, 95 per cent, alcohol 24. Beall Spring, Georgia. Alkaline-saline-chalybeate- calcic-sulphureted waters. LTsed for drinking in renal diseases and cystitis. bean. i. The flattened seed, contained in a pod, of various leguminous plants, of the genera Vicia and Phascolus. 2. A hard, rounded or oval body resembling a bean in shape. Cal'abar b., physostigma. cas'tor b., ricinus. Igna'tius b., ignatia. bearberry (bair'ber-i). Uva ursi. beard (herd) [A. S.] Barba, the hair on the face of a BEARD ii8 BEHEN man; specifically, the hair growing on and beneath the chin. Beard's disease' [George M. Beard, American physi- cian, 1839-1883.] Neurasthenia. bear's foot. Polymnia: tonic and laxative, em- ployed in rheumatism in doses of ITII3 (0.2) of a fluidextract. bear's weed. Eriodictyon beat [A.S. beatan.] i . To strike ; to throb or pulsate 2. A stroke or pulsation, as of the heart or pulse Beau's disease (bo) [Joseph Honor6 Simon Beau, Paris physician, 1806-1865.) B.'s syndrome, cardiac asystole. B.'s lines, the transverse corrugations on the finger nails after typhoid fever and other exhausting diseases. B.'s syn'- drome, asystole. Beauperthuy's treat'ment (bo-per-tu-e') [Louis Daniel Beauperthuy, West Indian physician.] Treatment of leprosy by mercury bichloride. Beauvais' disease' (bo-veh'). Chronic articular rheumatism. beb'eerine. An alkaloid, CisHjiNOa, from nectan- dra bark, or bebeeru; tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 13—0.3) of the sulphate. bebee'ru. The bark of Neciandra rodicei, a large tree on the coast of Guiana; employed as an antiperiodic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) of the powder. Beccaria's sign (bek-kah're-ah) . Occipital pulsa- tion in pregnancy. bechic (bek'ik) [G. hex, cough.] i. Controlling cough. .£. A cough remedy. Bechterew's disease' (bekh-ter'yef) [Vladimir Mi- khailovich von Bechterew, Russian neurologist, *i8s7.] Spondylitis deformans. B.'s nu'cleus, the upper part of the nucleus of Deiters in which the fibers of the vestibulai: nerve ch efiy termi- nate. B.'s re'flfexes, (a) deep, when the foot and toes are passively plantar-flexed, dorsiflexion of the same follows and is succeeded by a movement of flexion of the knee and hip ; (6) hypogastric, con- traction of the lower abdominal muscles follows stroking of the skin of the internal surface of the thigh ; (c) pupil, dilatation of the pupil on expos- ure to light, occasionally noted in general paral- ysis and tabes dorsalis. B.'s symp'tom, paralysis of the facial muscles limited to the automatic movements, the power of voluntary movement being retained. Beck's Hot Sulphur Springs, Utah. Muriated and sulphated saline waters, 128° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rhevimatism, gout, tertiary syphilis, cutaneous affections, and chronic metallic poisoning. Beck's meth'od [Emil G. Beck, Chicago surgeon, *i866.] Treatment of tuberculous cavities in bone by scraping and filling with a 30 per cent, bismuth nitrate paste. Beck'er's phenom'enon [Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker, German oculist, 1828-1890.] Pulsation in the retinal arteries in exophthalmic goiter. B.'s test, for astigmatism, the subject is directed to look at a diagram of lines radiating in all directions, in sets of three, and to indicate which appear blurred. B€clard's her'nia (ba-klar') [Pierre Augustin BSclard, French anatomist, 1785-1825.] Hernia through the opening for the saphena vein. Becquerel rays (bek-rel') [Antoine Henri Becquerel, French physicist, 1852-1908.] Radiations, re- sembling in many respects the »-rays, given off by uranium salts. bed. I. A platform affording support for the body in the horizontal position; a mattress or other yielding object on which one lies or sleeps. 2. In anatomy, a base or structure giving support to another, b. of the nail, the part of the finger which forms a support to the nail, anterior to the matrix. bed'bug. Cimex lectularius; its bite produces urticarial wheals with a central hemorrhagic point. bedclothes, picking at. Carphalogia, floccilation. Bedford Alum, Iron, and Lithia Springs, Virginia. Acid-chalybeate-aluminous waters. Alterative, diuretic, slightly astringent, tonic. Bedford Chalyb'eate Spring, Penn. Calcic-chalyb- eate waters. Mild laxative and diuretic: used in amenorrhea, anemia and general debility. Bedford Magne'sia Spring, Penn. Alkaline-saline- calcic wat rs. Used by drinking, in hepatic dis- turbances abdominal engorgement, chronic con- stipation, rheumatism, gout, and flatulent dyspepsia. bed'lam [St. Mary of Bethlehem Hospital in London.] An insane asylum Bed'nar's aph'thse [Alois Bednar, Viennese physi- cian, 19th century.] An affection of the new- bom consisting of two yellow, flattened, slightly elevated patches one on either side of the median raphe of the palate ; they are often ulcerated. bed'sore. Decubitus ; an ulceration occurring on a part of the body exposed to pressure in one con- fined to the bed by a protracted or debilitating disease. bed-wetting. Nocturnal enuresis, nycturia. bee [A.S. bed, hi.\ An insect of the genus Apis; the honey-bee, A , mellifica, is the source of honey and wax. Beebe's serum (be'biz se'rum) [Silas Palmer Beebe, New York physician, contemporary.] A serum obtained from the blood of animals from whom the thyroid gland has been removed, employed in hyperthyroidism. bee-bread. Borage. Beech'am's pills [Sir James Beecham, English manu- facturer of the pills contemporary.] Laxa- tive pills prepared according to a secret formula, said to contain aloes 0.5 gr., ginger 0.55 gr., and soap 0.18 grain in each pill. beeftea (bef-te'). An infusion or hot-water extract of lean beef ; bouillon. beer. An alcoholic beverage made from an infusion of malted barley or other farinaceous grain, to which an infusion of hops is added, the whole being then fermented. The alcoholic strength of the average beer is about 3 per cent. Beer's opera'tion (bar) [Georg Joseph Beer, Aus- trian ophthalmologist, 19th century.] Flap operation for cataract. beer-heart. An hypertrophied heart consequent upon the greater "load" resulting from an ex- cessive consumption of fluids. bees^tings. The first milk given by a cow after calving. Beg'bie's disease' [James Begbie, Edinburgh physi- cian, 1798-1869.] 1. Graves' disease, exoph- thalmic goiter. 2. Localized chorea. beget' [A.S. begiian.] To procreate. Beggiato'a [J. Beggiato, Italian botanist.] A genus of Thioihrix or sulphur bacteria. Beggiatoa'ceae. A family of Schizomycetes, includ- ing cells in the form of elongated filaments with undulating membrane, not enclosed in a sheath behaviorism (be-ha'vyor-izm). Objective psychol- ogy, the psychology of behavior. be'hen. The root of Cenlaurea behen or of Statice BEHEN 119 BENEDICT'S TEST limoniwrn. b. oil, the expressed oil from the seeds of Moringa aptera. Behring's law (ba'ring) [Emit v. Behring, German physician, 1854—1917.] The serum of an im- munized person will confer immunity against the same disease on another into whom it is in- jected. B.'s.tuber'culins, see under tuberculin. Beigel's disease' (bi'gel) [Hermann Beigel, German physician, 1830-1879.] A trichomycosis of false hair, communicated also to the natural hair in contact with it, resembling piedra or lepothrix; the microorganism supposed to be concerned in its production is called the chignon fungus. Bekhtereff's disease'. See bechterew. bel'ae fruc'tus. (B.A.) Bael or bel fruit, the fresh half ripe fruit of jEgle marmelos, Bengal quince- tree; employed as an astringent in dysentery. belch [A.S. bcelcian.] To eructate; to raise gas from the stomach. belch'ing. Eructation. belem'noid [G. belemnon, a dart, + eidos, resem- blance.] Dart-shaped, styloid. Bel'field's opera'tion [WilUam Thomas Belfield, Chicago surgeon, *i8s6.] Vasostomy. Belknap Hot Medical Springs, Oregon. Muriated- sSIine-calcic waters, 188° F. One spring. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, syphilis, and cutaneous diseases. Bell's delir'ium [Luther V. Bell, American physi- cian, 1806-1862.] Specific febrile delirium of Dercum, a very intense delirium associated with high fever but no physical signs of pneumonia, any exanthema, or other general disease. B.'s dis'ease, typhomania. Bell's law [Sir Charles Bell, Scotch physiologist, 1774-1842.] Magendie's law, the anterior spinal roots are motor, the posterior sensory. B.'s paral'ysis, B.'s pal'sy, peripheral facial paralysis. B.'s phenom'enon, a patient with peripheral facial paralysis cannot close the eyelids of the affected side without at the same time moving the eyeball upward and outward B.'s respi'- ratory nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus ■ supplying the serratus magnus muscle, nervus thoracalis longus [BNA]. B.'s spasm, mimic tic, not associated with tic dotUoureux. Bell's meth'od [William Blair Bell, Liverpool physi- cian, contemporary.] For estimating the amount of calcium (not bound up with protein) in the blood; 100 c.mm. of blood is mixed with 250 c.mm. of a 1—30 aqueous solution of oxalic acid; after standing for 10 minutes, 250 c.mm. of glycerin, 5 parts, in 95 parts of a i per cent, solution of acetic acid is added; 100 c.mm. of the mixture is then added to 500 c.mm. of distilled water, and of this one drop is placed in a Thoma counting chamber and the crystals of calcium oxalate are counted. The relative number of crystals as compared with those in a 1-6000 solution of calcium oxide in distilled water constitutes the calcium index. Bell's mus'cle [John Bell, Scotch anatomist, 1762- 1820.] A band of muscular fibers, forming a slight fold in the wall of the bladder, running from the uvula to the opening of the ureter on either side, bounding the trigonum. belladon'na [It. bella, beautiful, + donna, lady.] Deadly nightshade, Airopa belladonna, a peren- nial herb with dark purple flowers and shimng purplish black berries. The leaves and root are employed in medicine, belladon'na fo'lia (U.S. and Br.), belladonna leaves, the dried leaves of Atropa belladonna, containing 0.3 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids ; mydriatic, narcotic, anodyne, and used to check secretions ; dose gr. f-2 (0.03- 0.12). belladon'nae ra'dix (U.S. and Br.), bella- donna root, the dried root of Airopa bellado na, containing o . 5 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids ; employed for the same purposes as the leaves in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06—0.12). belladonn'ine. An artificial alkaloid derived from atropamine by warming with hydrochloric acid.' bell-crowned. Noting a tooth the crown of which has a mesiodistal diameter much greater than that of the neck. Bellini's ducts (bel-le'ne) [Lorenzo Bellini, Italian anatomist, 1643-1704.] The straight tubules of the kidneys- B.'s lig'ament, a fasciculus of the capsular ligament of the hip extending to the great trochanter. bell' -metal res'onance. See resonance. Belloc's' cann'ula or sound [Jean Jacques Belloc or Belloq, French surgeon, 1732-1807.] A hollow sound containing a curved spring, used for passing a thread through the nostril and mouth in order to draw in a plug in case of profuse epistaxis. bellones (bel-onz'). Pedunculated tumors in the posterior nares of the horse; they sometimes fall b^ck over the opening of the glottis, causing inter- mittent roaring. Belloste's pill (bel-losf) [Augustin Bellosie, French surgeon, 1654— 1730.] Metallic mercury, white honey, aloes, of each 0.05; black pepper 0.008; rhubarb, 0.025; scammony, 0.017. ^-'s solu'- tion, liquor hydrargyri nitrici oxydulati. bell sound. Bell-metal resonance.* bell'y. J.. The abdomen; the stomach; the womb. 2 . The prominent thick central part of a muscle. b.-ache, colic, b. -bound, constipated, b. -but- ton, umbilicus, swollen b., in veterinary medi- cine, tympanites. belonepho'bia [G. belone, needle + pkobos, fear.] Morbid fear of needles, pins, and other sharp- pointed objects. Belyando spew (bel-yan'do spu) [Belyando, a dis- trict of Queensland, Australia.] Grass-sickness. ben. Behen. Bence- Jones' albu'min [Henry Bence-Jones, London physician, 18 14-18 73.] An albumose-like sub- stance found in the urine in osteomalacia, mye- lomata, and various other conditions. B.-J.'s bodies, coagula of albumose occurring in the urine in disease involving the bone-marrow. B.-J.'s cyl'inders, gelatinous cylindrical bodies i n the spermatic vesicles. B.-J. reac'tion, a test for albumose which is precipitated by nitric acid, redissolved on boiling, and thrown down again as the fluid cools. bend. A curve, an angle, a turn. bends. Caisson disease, especially a mild form in which pain and temporary weakness are the chief symptoms, beneceptor (be-ne-sep'tor) [L. bene, well, -I- capere, to take.] A nerve organ or mechanism (ceptor) for the appreciation and transmission of stimuli of a beneficial character. Ben'edict's test (A. L. Benedict, American physi- cian, *i86s.] Bubbling heard on auscultation of the stomach after the exhibition of sodium bicarbonate indicates the presence of hydro- chloric acid, the loudness of the sound varying with the amount of HCl present. Ben'edict's test [Stanley R. Benedict, American physiological chemist, contemporary.] For glu- cose in the urine; add 8 to 10 drops of urine to S c.c. of a solution of copper sulphate crystals 17.3, sodium or potassium citrate 173.0, BENEDICT'S TEST 1 20 BENZOYL sodium carbonate crystals 200 . o, distilled water 1000.0; boil vigorously for a minute or two then allow to cool; if glucose is present the solution will become opaque and red, yellow, or greenish in hue; a faint blue turbidity does not indicate sugar. benedic'tine. A cordial distilled at Fecamp in Prance ; formerly made by the Benedictine monks. Pen'edikt's syn'drome [Moritz Benedikt, Viennese physician, *i835.] Hemiplegia with clonic spasm or tremor and oculomotor paralysis on the oppo- site side. beneficiary (ben-e-fish'I-a-ri) [L. beneficiarius; bene- ficium, a favor, benefice. The person to whom the amount specified in an insurance policy is payable. benign (be-nln'). Mild in character, said of an illness; not malignant, not liable to recur, said of a neoplasm. Bdniqufi's sound (ba-ne-ka') [Pierre Jiiles BSni- quS, Paris physician, 1806-1851.] A sound of lead or block tin of wide curve used to dilate strictures in the male urethra. ben'ne oil. Oleum sesami, an oil expressed from the seeds of Sesamum indicum, an herb of India and other tropical countries. Benn'et's cbr'puscles [James Henry BeAnet, English obstetrician, 1816-1891.] Fatty cells occurring in ovarian cysts. Benn'ett's disease' [John Hughes Bennett, English physician, 181 2— 1876.] Leucemia. Ben'nett's frac'ture [Edward Hallaran Bennett, Dub- linsurgeon, 1837-1907.] Fracture of the proximal end of the first metacarpal bone, passing obliquely through the base of the bone, and detaching the greater part of the articular facet ; it simu- lates a dislocation of the thumb. Bentley Springs, Maryland. Alkaline-saline-calcic waters. Two principal springs; about one hun- dred others. Used by drinking in renal, hepatic, gastric, and intestinal affections. benzacetin (ben-zas'e-tin). Acetamidomethylsali- cylic acid ; anodyne in doses of gr. 8— 1 5 (o . 5-1 . o) . benzac'onine. A non-crystallizable alkaloid, a deriv- ative of aconitine. benzaldehy'dum, benzal'dehyde (U. S.) Essential oil of bitter almond, an aldehyde produced arti- ficially or obtained from oil of bitter almond, con- taining 85 per cent, of pure benzaldehyde ; a color- less liquid having the odor of oil of bitter almond and an aromatic taste ; used as a flavoring agent in doses of HUi— J (0.015-0.03). ben'zamide. Obtained by the action of ammonium carbonate on benzoyl chloride ; occurring in color- less platelets. benzanal'gen. Trade name of an anodyne and anti- septic substance obtained from chinolin ; dose, gr. 8-30 (0.5-2.0). benzanili'dum, benzan'ilide. Phenylbenzamide, benzoylanilide, a colorless, scaly, crystalline pow- der; employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 3-10 (o. 2-0.6). benzene (ben'zen). Benzenum, benzol, chemical formula, C,Hj, a hydrocarbon from light coal-tar oil; a thin, colorless, inflammable liquid; has been employed by inhalation in pertussis, and inter- nally for trichiniasis in doses of nj^s-io (o. 3-0.6), but is now seldom so used. b. bro'mide, a gas einployed in warfare as a lacrymator or tear gas.* b. nu'cleus, the six carbon atoms of the b. ring. b. ring, the closed-chain arrangeinent of the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the benzene molecule, as shown in the graphic formula of that substance; see closed- chain* compound, meth'yl hydrox'y b., phen- methylol. ben'zidine. Paradiaminodiphenyl, a grayish-yellow crystalline powder; used as a reagent in the analysis of water. benzin, benzine (ben'zin, ben-zen'). Benzinum. benzi'num, Benzin, petroleum benzin, petroleum ether, a purified distillate from American petro- leum; a transparent, colorless fluid, used as a solvent, b. purifica'tum (U.S.), purified petroleum benzin sometimes employed as a parasiticide. benzoate (ben'zo-at). A salt of benzoic acid. ben'zoated. Containing benzoic acid or a benzoate, usually sodium benzoate. benzo'ic. Relating to or derived from benzoin, b. acid, acidum benzoicum. benzoin (ben'zojTi). Benzoinum. benzo'inol. Trade name of a substance resembling liquid parafiin, used as a menstruum for local remedies applied to the mucous membrane of the nose and throat. benzoi'num (U.S.). Benzoin, a balsamic resin Slyrax benzoin; a stimulant expectorant in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0), but usually employed by inhalation in laryngitis and bronchitis. ., benzoiodohydrin (ben-zo-i"o-do-hi'drin) . Chlorio- dobenzoic-acid glycerin ester; a brownish yellow fatty substance employed, when saccharated, as a substitute for the iodides ; dose, 3' (4.°). ben'zol (Br.). Benzene, a. mixture of homologous hydrocarbons, chiefly benzene and toluene, obtained from light coal-tar oil; has been em- • ployed in whooping-cough and influenza in dosess of nj5-io (0.3-0.6), and locally for the destruc- tion of pediculi. ben'zolism. The symptoms occasioned by the in- halation of benzol vapors. benzonaph'thalene. A mixture of naphthalene and benzoic acid. ben'zonaphthol. Benzoyl* naphthol. benzoni'trile. Phenyl cyanide, a colorless oil with the odor of bitter almonds, derived from benzoic acid by the action of lead sulphocyanate. benzoparacresol (ben"zo-par-ah-kre'sol). An in- testinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4 (0.25). benzophenoneid (ben"zo-fe-no'ne-id). Anon-caustic germicide, tetramethyl-diapsidobenzo-phenoid, employed like yellow pyoktanin in ulcerative lesions of the cornea, skin, and mucous mem- branes. benzopy'rine. Antipyrine benzoate. benzosal'icin. Populin, benzoyl* salicin. benzosal'in. Trade name for the methyl ester of benzoylsalicylic acid; a white crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and ether, but not in water; employed in rheumatism and neuralgia in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). ben'zosol. Guaiacol* benzoate, benzoyl guaiacol. benzosulphin'idum (U.S.). Glusidum (Br.), benzo- sulphinide, sucrose, saccharin; the anhydride of orthosulphanide benzoic acid, a whitish, very sweet, crystalline powder; employed as a sub- stitute for sugar in cases of glycosuria, and as a urinary antiseptic; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0,3). ben'zoyl. The benzoic acid radical, C,H jO, forming benzoyl compounds or benzoates. b. chlo'ride, C(jH,COCl, a colorless liquid of pungent odor, derived from benzoic acid by the action of phos- phorus pentachloride ; used as a reagent, b. gly'cin, b. gly'cocoU, hippuric acid. b. guai'acol, guaiacol benzoate. b. meth'ide, hypnone. b. naph'thol, s white, tasteless, odorless, crystalline powder obtained from betanaphthol by the action BENZOYL BEST'S OPERATION of benzoyl chloride; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). b. peroz'ide, a crystalline substance made by the interaction of sodium peroxide and benzoyl chloride; employed in 2 or 3 per cent, solution in oil as an application to tdcers and to bums and scalds b. Bal'icin, populin, benzosalicin, CjiHjjO, + sHjO, a glucoside from the bark and leaves of Populus niger and P. tremula, occurring in the form of a white powder, antipyretic in doses, of gr 2—4 (o . 13—0 . 25). ben'zyl. A hydrocarbon radical, CjH„ or CjHjCHj. b. al'cohol, phenmethylol, phenyl carbinol, CeHs.CHa.OH, a, substance possessing marked local anesthetic properties, b. ben'zoate, a salt possessing marked antispasmodic properties, employed in biliary and renal colic, asthma, high blood pressure, uterine colic, etc. benzyl'ic. Relating ,to or containing benzyl. benzyl'idene. A hyd ocarbon radical, CjHj. Bfraneck's tuber'culin (ba-ran-ek') [Edmond B6- raneck, Swiss zoologist and bacteriologist, *i859.] See under tuberculin. 1 B^rard's an'eurysm (ba-rar') [Auguste BSrard, French surgeon, 1802-1846.] An arteriovenous aneurysm in the tissues outside of the injured vein. B&aud's lig'ament (ba-ro') [Bruno Jean Jacques BSraud, French surgeon, 1823-1865.] Vertebro- pericardial ligament, extending from the junction of the 4th and 5th dorsal vertebrae to the peri- cardium. B.'s valve, Krause's* valve. Berberida'cese. An order of polypetalous dicotyl- edonous plants, which includes the barberry, or berberis. ber'berine. An alkaloid, CjoHi^NO,, from berberis, occurring in yellow needles or prisms of bitter taste; employed like berberis in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). ber'beris, gen. berber'idis (N.F.). i. Barberry, Oregon grape root, the rhizome and roots of Ber- beris aquifolium, B. nervosa, and other species of Berberis; tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0). 2. (B.A.). The dried stem of B. aristata; similar to the preceding. ber'gamot. The fruit of Citrus bergamia, the rind of which contains the oil of bergamot, used as a perfume. bergap'ten. A camphor-like substance obtained from the oil of bergamot. Bergenhem's opera'tion (bair'gen-hem) [B. Ber- genhem, Sweaish surgeon, contemporary.] A method for the implantation of the ureter into the rectum. Berger's meth'od (bair-zha') [Paul Berger, French surgeon, *i84S.] Treatment of transverse frac- ture of the patella by suture of the fragments. Berger's paresthe'sia (bair'ger) [Emil Berger, Aus- trian physician, contemporary.] Paresthesia of the legs in young patients, especially at the be- ginning of a movement. B.'s symp'tom, irregu- larity of the pupil sometimes observed in tabes and general paralysis. Bergeron's chore'a (ber-zh«-rawn') [Etienne Jules Bergeron, Parisian physician, 18 17-1900.] Elec- tric chorea (2); also called Bergeron-Henoch's disease. Bergmann's incis'ion (bairg'mahn) [Ernst von Bergmann, German surgeon, 1 836-1907.] An incision in the flank for exposing the kidney. _^ Bergonie meth'od (bair-gii-ne-a') [BergoniS, Bordeaux physician.] General faradization for the reduction of fat. beriberi (ber'i-ber'I) [Singhalese, very bad illness.] Kakk^, endemic neuritis; a specific polyneuritis, occurring in endemic form in eastern and south- em Asia, and sporadically in other tropical and mild temperate regions; it prevails especially in armies, prisons, ships, and wherever large num- bers of men are kept together. There is stiffness of the muscles with atrophy, neuritic pains, and paresis. Dyspnea is frequent and in certain forms, called wet b., edema is a prominent symp- tom. Beriberi is a deficiency disease due to a lack of vitamines in the diet; in the far East it is largely due to the almost exclusive use of pol- ished rice. Ber'kefeld fil'ter. A filter of diatomaceous earth through which bacteria of ordinary size cannot pass, so that the filtrate is practically sterile. Berkeley Springs, W. Va. Light calcic-chalybeate waters, 75° P. Used by drinking and bathing for rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, diarrhea, rickets, and general debility. Ber'lin-blue. Prussian blue, ferrocyanide of iron, used as a dye in histology. Ber'ljn's disease' [Rudolf Berlin, German ophthal- mologist, 1833—1897.] Commotio retinae. Bernard's canal' or duct (bair-nar') [ClaudeBerKoj'rf, French physiologist, 1813-1878.] Santorini's duct, ductus* pancreaticus accessorius. B.'s punc'ture, diabetic* puncture. Bernard-Sergent syn'drome (bair-nar' sair-zhan'). Diarrhea, vomiting, and collapse occurring in Addison's disease. Ber'nays' sponge [Augustus Charles Bernays, St. Louis surgeon, 1854-1907.] A compressed disc of aseptic cotton which swells when moistened ; used in packing cavities. Bern'hardt's disease' [Martin Bernhardt, Berlin neurologist, 1844— 19 15.] Meralgia parsesthe^ tica; also called Bernhardt-Roth's syndrome. Bemheimer's fi'bers (bern'hi-mer) [Stefan Btrn- heimer, Austrian oculist, *i86i.] A bundle of white fibers connecting Luys' body with the optic tract. berr'y [A.S. berie.] In botany, an indehiscent fruit with succulent pulp (pericarp) containing the seeds, and with a tough epicarp or skin. Berthollet's fluid (ber-to-la') [Claude Louis Berthol- let, French chemist, 1748-1822.] A mixture of the solutions of sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. B.'s law, salts in solution will always react upon each other so as to form a less soluble salt, if possible. bertillonage (bur'til-on-aj) [Alphonse Beriillon, French scientist, 1853-1914.] A method of care- ful physical measurements of recruits, criminals, and others for purposes of identification, j Bertin's bones (ber-taii) [Exupfere Joseph Berlin, French anatomist, 1712-1781.] Conchae sphe- noidales, sphenoidal turbinals. B.'s col'unm, columna renalis. B.'s lig'ament, Bigelow's liga- ment, ligamentum iliofemorale. B.'s oss'icles, conchae sphenoidales. beryll'ium. The element glucinum. Berze'lius's quan'titative meth'od [Baron Johan Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, 1779-1848.] Precipitation of albumin by acetic acid and weigh- ing the precipitate. B.'s test, for albumin in the urine by the addition of metaphosphoric acid. beset'ment. Obsession. Besnier's rheu'matism (ba-ne-a') [Jules Besnier, French physician, nineteenth century.] Chronic synovitis. Best's operation [Vans Best, Scotch surgeon, 1836- 1875.] A radical operation for hernia, consisting in a subcutaneous suture of the abdominal ring. BESTIALITY 122 BICARBONATE bestiality (bes-tl-al'i-tl) Sexual relations with an animal. Bestusheff's tinc'ture (bes-too'shef) [Count Alexei Petrovich B estusheff -Riumin, Russian field marshal, 1693-1766.] Tinctura ferri chloridi ffitherea (N.F.). be'ta [L] Beet. be'ta [G.] The second letter of the Greek alphabet, p. Used in chemical nomenclature to de- note the second in a series of compounds; see alpha, b. granule, b. rays, b. substance, etc., see these words. be'tacism [G. beta, the second letter of the alphabet.] A defect in speech in which the sound of b is given to other consonants. beta-eucaine (be"ta-u'kah-en). Benzoylvinyldiace- tonalkamine hydrochloride, CijHjjOjN HCl -l-HjO, occurring in colorless crystals; a local anesthetic, employed as a substitute for cocaine. beta-iminazolylethylamine (be"tah-im-in-az"o-lil-e- thil'am-en). Ergamine. betaine (be'tah-en). Trimethyl glycocoU, oxyneu- rine, a crystalline alkaloid, CjHuNO^, a d'ecom- position product of lecithin, occurs in Beta vulgaris (the common beet) and in many vege- table and animal substances; is said to be an emmenagogue in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.26). b. hydrochlo'ride, acidol; has been employed in tetanus; dose gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). beta-naph'thol (U.S. and Br.). A buif colored powder or yellowish scales, a phenol occurring in coal-tar and also prepared from naphthalene ; employed internally as' an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3), ^"d externally in scabies, eczema, and certain other skin diseases. b.-n. sal'icylate, naphthyl salicylate. beta-oxybutyric acid (be"tah-oks-i-bu-tir'ik as'id) . An acid, CH3.CHOH.CH2.COOH, one of the acetone bodies occurring in the blood and urine in severe cases of diabetes. be'tel (B.A.) The dried leaves of Piper belle, a climbing East Indian plant ; stimulant and nar- cotic; the fresh leaves are wrapped around the betel nut (Areca catechu) and lime, and chewed. beth'root [corruption of birthroot.J Birthroot, trillium. be'tol. Naphthyl salicylate. beton'ica. Wood betony, the root of Siackys betonica, Betonica officinalis, formerly employed as an emetic and cathartic. Bett'endorff's test [Anton Joseph Hubert Maria Bettendorff, German chemist, *i839.] P""" arsenic : after mixing the suspected fluid with hydro- chloric acid a solution of chloride of tin is added; when now a piece of tin foil is added a brown precipitate forms. Bet'ula [L.] A genus of trees or shrubs of the order Betulacece, birch, yielding an oil containing methyl salicylate, and employed internally and externally to meet the same indications as oil of wintergreen; see oleum betulee. B. al'ba, white birch, the source of oleum betulae empyreumati- cum rectificatum of the National Formulary. B. len'ta, sweet bir^h, yields the official methyl salicylate, formerly called oleum betulffi, oil of sweet birch, or oil of teaberry. bet'ulin. .A. resin from the white birch. bet'ulol. Trade name of a preparation of methyl salicylate, used externally in rheumatism. between'-brain. Diencephalon. Betz's cells [Philipp Friedrich Bete, German physi- cian, *i8 19.] Large pyramidal cells in the Rolan- dic area, especially in the cortex of the pre- central gyrus. Beur'mann's disease' [Lucien de Beurmann, French physician, contemporary.] Disseminated gum- matous sporotrichosis. Beuttner's meth'od (boyt'ner) [Oskar Beuttner, German gynecologist, contemporary.] Partial extirpation of the adnexa, with preservation of a portion of the ovaries, and transverse cuneiform excision of the fundus uteri. Bev'an's incis'ion (Arthur Dean Bevan, American surgeon, *i86o.] An incision along the lateral border of the rectus abdominis exposing the gall-bladder. Beyerinck's reaction (bi'er-ink) [M. W. Beyerinck, Dutch physician, contemporary.] On the addi- tion of a few drops of sulphuric acid to a twenty- four-hour culture of cholera spirilla in o . 5 per cent, peptone solution a bright rose-violet color is produced; cholera-red reaction. bezoar (be'zor). A concretion formed in the stomach or intestine in ruminants, formerly, and still in certain countries of the far East, regarded as of therapeutic value. Bezold's ab'scess (bets'olt) [Friedrich Bezold, Mu- nich otologist, 4842-1908.] A deep abscess in the neck associated with suppuration of the middle ear and purulent sinus thrombosis. B.'s mastoidi'tis, primary mastoiditis. B.'s perforation, perforation on the inner surface of the mastoid. B.'s sign or symp'tom, inflamma- tory edema at the tip of the mastoid process in mastoiditis. B.'s tri'ad, diminished perception of the deeper tones, retarded bone conduction, and negative Rinne's sign, pointing, in the absence of objective signs, to otosclerosis. BF. [Fr. bouillon filtrS, filtered bouillon (culture).] Denys' tuberculin; see under tuberculin. bhang (bang) [Hind.] Cannabis indica. Bi. Chemical symbol of bismuth. bi- [L. bis, twice.] A prefix denoting two, twice, or double. Bial's test (be'ahl). To 5 c.c of a boiling mixture of 30 per cent, hydrochloric acid, 500 c.c, 10 per cent, ferric chloride, 25 drops, and orcin, i gram, addo.5 c.c. of the suspected urine ; if pentoses are present a green color appears. Bianchi's nod'ule (be-ahng'ke) Giovanni Battista Bianchi, Italian anatomist. 1681— 1761.] Nodu- 1 us valvule semilunaris. Biarritz, France (be-S-rits'). Saline waters (brine springs of Briscons). Used by bathing in ane- mia, chlorosis, and pulmonary diseases. August to May. biarticular (bi-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. bi-, double, two, -|- articulus, joint.] Diarthric, relating to two joints. biasteric. Biasterionic. biasterionic (bi-as-ter-1-on'ik). Relating to both asterions, noting especially the b. diameter, or 6. width, the shortest distance from one asterion to the other. biauricular (bi-aw-rik'u-lar) . Relating to both auricles, in any sense. biba'sic. Noting an acid having two hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases to form salts. bibiru (be-be'roo). Bebeeru. bi'bo [native African name.] Ornithodorus moubata. bib'ulous [L. bibere, to drink.] Absorbent. bicam'eral [L. camera, chamber.] Having two cavities or hollows, noting especially an abscess divided by a more or less complete septum. bicap'sular. Having a double capsule. bicar'bonate. Any carbonate having two parts or equivalents of carbonic acid to one of the base. BICAUDAL, BICAUDATE 123 BILE caudal, bicaudate (bi-kaw'dal, bi-kaw'dat) [L. Cauda, tail.] Having two tails. bicell'ular. 1. Composed of two cells, z. Having two compartments or chambers. biceph'alus [L. bi-, double, + G. kephale, head.] Dicephalus. Weeps [L. fci-, double, + caput, head.] Having two heads; noting especially certain muscles, which see under musculus. bicep'tor. A receptor having two complementophile groups. Bichat's canal' (be-shS') [Marie Pranpois Xavier Bichat, French anatomist, 1771-1802.] Arach- noid canal, extending from the third ventricle to the middle of B.'s fissure. B.'s fat-pad corpus adiposum buccse. B.'s fis'sure, a. horseshoe- shaped fissure, with concavity forward and down- ward, below the corpus callosum, its extremities being continuous with the fissure of Sylvius. B.'s fora'men. B.'s canal. B.'s lig'ament, the lower fasciculus of the posterior sacroiliac liga- ment. B.'s mem'brane, lamina basalis. B.'s protu'berance, B.'s fat-pad. B.'s tu'nic, the tunica intima of the blood-vessels. bichlo'Tide. Noting a compound having two parts or equivalents of chlorine to one of the other element. bicho (be'cho). Carihir epidemic gangrenous proctitis. bicliro'mate. Noting a salt having two parts or equivalents of chromic acid to one of the base. bicil'iate (bi-sil'I-at) . Having two cilia. bicip'ital. i. Two-headed. 2. Relating to a biceps muscle. BijCCOg)!. Bismuth carbonate. bicon'caye. Concave on two sides, noting especia'ly a form of lens. bicon'vex. Convex on two sides, noting especially a form of lens. 1 bicor'nous, bicor'nuate, bicor'nate [L. cornu, horn.] Two-homed; having two processes or projections. bicus'pid [L. bi-, two, -t- cuspis, point.] Having two points, prongs, or cusps, b. tooth, one of the false molar or premolar "teethe see tooth, b. valve, mitral valve, valvula* bicuspidalis. Bid'der's gang'Uon [Heinr ch Friedrich Bidder German anatomist in Dorpat, 18 0—1894.] One of two ganglia on the cardiac nerves in the septum between the atria just above the atrioventricular septum. bidermoma (bi-dur-mo'mah) [L. M-, two, double, -f G. derma, skin, -f- -oma.] Didermoma, a teratoid growth representing two germ-layers. bidet' [Ft, a small horse.] A tub for a sitz bath, Having also an attachment for giving vaginal or rectal injections. Biebrich scarlet (be'brikh skar'let). Scarlet* red. Bieg's test (beg). If hearing is better through an ear trumpet attached to a catheter in the Eusta- chian tube than through one resting in the exter- nal auditory meatus, there is probably destruc- tion of the ossicular chain in the tympanum. bienn'ial [L. bi-, two, + annus, year.] i. Occurring once in two years, z. Lasting two years; in botany, noting a plant which springs from the seed the first year, and blossoms and dies the second season. Bier's meth'od (ber) [August Karl Gustav Bier, Berlin surgeon, *i86i.] i. Coming's method of spinal anesthesia. 2. Treatment of various surgical conditions by artificial hyperemia induced by suction or by constriction of the proximal portion of the limb. Biermer's disease' (ber'mer) [Anton Biermer, Ger- man physician, 1827-1892.] Pernicious anemia. B.'s sign, Gerhardt's sign. Biernacki's sign (byer-naht'ske) [Edmund Adolfo- vich Biernacki, Polish pathologist, 1866-1912.] Analgesia of the ulnar nerve (the "funny-bone," sensation being absent) in tabes dorsalis and dementia paralytica. Biesiadecki's fos'sa (bya-syah-det'ske) [Alfred von Biesiadecki, Polish physician, 1839-1888.] Fossa iliacosubfasciahs. Biett's col'lar (be-et') [Laurent Theodore Bieit, Swiss physician in Paris, 1781-1S40.] A raised epidermic ring surrounding a, papulolenticular syphilide. B.'s solu'tion, a solution of ammon- ium arsenate, employed locally in skin diseases. bi'fid [L. bifidus, forked.] Split or cleft; separated into two parts. bifo'cal. Having two foci; noting a lens used in cases of presbyopia, in which one portion is suited for distant vision, the other for reading and near work in general. bifo'rate [L. bi-, twice, -|- )oratus, perforated.] Having two openings. bifur'cate, bifur'cated [L. bi-, two, + furca, fork.] Forked, two-pronged, having two branches. bifurca'tlon. A forking; a division into two branches Big Bone Springs, Kentucky. Saline-sulphureted waters. Bigelo'via [Jacob Bigelow, Boston physician and botanist, 1787— 1879]. A genus of composite plants. B. vene'ta, a species from which damiana is obtained. Big'elow's Ugament [Henry Jacob Bigelow, Boston surgeon, 1816-1890.] Y-ligament, ligamentum * iliofemorale. B.'s sep'tum, calcar femorale. bigemina (bi-jem'i-nah) . Pulsus bigeminus. bigem'inal [L. ij-, two, + geminus, twin.] Paired, double, twin. b. bod'ies, corpora bigemina the anterior pair, or nates, of the corpora quadri- gemina of the brain. bigem'inum. One of the bigeminal* bodies. biger'minal [L. bis, in a twofold manner, + germen, bud, germ.] Relating to two germs or ova. big-head. Osteoporosis (2). big-knee. i. In cattle a bursitis over the knees due to injury from the hard floor of the cow- bam, when getting up or lying down. 2. In horses a tumor involving the bony structure of the knee-joint, of the nature of spavin or ring- bone. big-leg. Lymphangitis of the leg in the horse. bi'labe \L. bi-, two, -|- labium, lip.] A slender for- ceps for seizing and removing urethral or small vesical calculi. bilat'eral [bi-, two, + latus, side.] Relating to, or having two sides. bilateralism (bi-lat'er-al-izm) . A condition in which the two sides are symmetrical. bil'berry. The fruit of Vaccinium myrtillus, the European whortleberry or blueberry. bile [L. bilis.] Gall, fel; the yellowish brown or green fluid secreted by the liver; it contains so- dium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, cholesterin, biliverdin and bilirubin, mucus, fat, ' and lecithin; it is discharged into the duodenum and there assists in the emulsionizing of fats, increases peristalsis, and retards putrefaction. absence, acholia. calculus, cholelith, gallstone, car- rying or containing, biliferous, choledochus. causing secretion, cholagogue. deficiency, ^oligocholia, ex- cess^ hyperchoHa, polycholia. sormation, cholopoiesis. inspissation^ pachycliolia. in the blood, cholemia. in the urine, choluria. suppression, ischocholia. vomiting, cholemesia. BILE-CYST 124 BINET-SIMON TEST bile -cyst. Gall-bladder. bile-duct. One of the excretory ducts of the liver, ductus biliferus. com'mon b.-d., ductus chole- dochus. cys'tic b.-d., the duct leading from the gall-bladder to the common b.-d. Bilhai'zia [Theodor Bilharz, German helmintholo- gist, 1825-1862.] A genus of trematode worms, now called Schistosomum. bilhar'zial, bilhar'zic. Relating in any way to the parasite Disloma hmmatobium or Bilharzia. bilharzi'asis, bilharzio'sis. Bilharz disease, Egyp- tian hematuria, a morbid state caused by the presence in the organism of some species of Bil- harzia, or Schistosomum (blood flukes) ; the symp- toms are caused chiefly by the presence of the eggs in the bladder, rectum, or liver and spleen, and consist in hematuria and irritation of the bladder and rectum, or signs pointing to the liver and spleen with ascites and cachexia. bil'iary. Relating to bile. b. cal'culus gallstone. b. col'ic, severe paroxysmal pain due to the pas- sage of a gallstone through the cystic and com- mon bile-ducts, b. duct, bile-duct. b. secre'- tion, (i) the bile; (2) the secretion of bile. bilicyanin (bil"i-si'an-in) [L. bills, bile, -|- G. kyanos, blue. ] A pigment resulting from the oxidation of biliverdin; it is blue in an alkaline medium, purple in an acid one. bilifac'tion, bilifica'tion [L. bilis, bile, + facere, to make.] The formation of bile. bilifla'Tin [L. bilis, bile, +flavus, yellow. A yel- low pigment derived from biliverdin. biliful'vin [L. bilis, bile +fulvus, tawny.] A mix- ture of bilirubin with other substances of an indeterminate nature. bilifuscin (biH-fus'in) [L. bilis, bile, + fuscus, dusky.] A dark green pigment, CioHaoN20i, found in gallstones. bilihu'min [L. bilis, bile, + humus, earth.] A black- . ish residue left after treatment of bile with various solvents. bil'in. An extractive from bile consisting of a mix- ture of sodium glycocholate and sodium tauro- cholate. Bilin, Bohemia (be'lin). Alkaline-carbonated wa- ters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing in catarrhal conditions, rheumatism, gout, renal calculi, hepatic disorders, diabetes, and dyspep- sia. May IS to September 30. bilineurine (bil"i;-nu'ren). CtHuNOj, a poisonous ptomaine from many organic substances; choline. bil'ious. I. Biliary, relating to bile. 2. Noting a digestive disturbance marked by anorexia, furred tongue, constipation, headache, more or less vertigo, and occasionally slight jaundice, assumed to be dependent upon disordered func- tion of the liver. 3. Suffering from biliousness. biliousness (bil'yus-nes) . A minor ailment, thought to depend upon a slight disturbance of the hepatic functions; ee bilious (a) biliphe'in [L. bilis, bile, -I- G. phaios, dusky.] Biliful- vin, bilirubin, cholophein; the brown or orange- red coloring matter of bile, or a, mixture of the same with other indeterminate substances. bilipra'sin [L. bilis, bile, -f prasum, leek.] A green pigment, similar to, if not identical with, biliverdin. bilipur'pin, bilipur'purin [L. bilis, bile, + purpura, purple.] A purple pigment derived from biliver- din. bilipyrrhin (bil"!(-pir'rin) [L. bilis, bile,-|- G. pyrrhos, flame-yellow.] Bilifulvin. biliru'bin [L. bilis, bile, + ruber, red.] A reddish bile pigment, CitHieNsOj, identical or isomeric with hematoidin. biliru'binate. A chemical compound containing bilirubin. bi'lis [L]. Bile, fel, gall. b. bu'bula [L. bubulus, pertaining to cattle], fel bovis. biliverdin (bil"S-vur'din) [L. bilis, bile, ,+ Pr. verd (L. viridis) , green.] A green pigment, Ci6H2oN20t, in human bile and that of the herbivora. biliver'dinate. A chemical compound containing biliverdin. bilixanthin (biW-zan'thin) [L. bilis, bile, + G. xanthos, yellow.] A yellow oxidation product of bilirubin, CioHisNoOo. Billroth's anesthet'ic (bil'rSt) [Christian Albert Theodor Billroth, Viennese surgeon, 1829-1894.] A mixture of alcohol and ether, each 30.0, and chloroform, 100. B.'s disease', malignant lym- phoma. B.'s opera'tion, excision of the pylorus with end-to-end anastomosis of the stomach and duodenum. B.'s strands, trabeculae lienis. B.'s su'ture, buttonhole suture. bilo'bate [L. bi-, two, + lobus, lobe.] Having two lobes. bilob'ular [L. bi-, two, + lobulus, lobule.] Having two lobules. biloc'ular [L. bi-, two, -(- loculus, cell.] Bicellular, bicameral. biloc'ulate. Bilocular. Bim'ana [L. bi-, two, -|- manus, hand.] An order of Mammalia, coextensive with the genus Homo: it is now generally abandoned, the sub- order of Primates which includes man being the A nthropoidea. biman'ual [L. bi-, two, + manus, hand.] Relating to, or performed by, both hands. bimas'toid [L. bi-, two. ] Relating to both mastoid processes. bi'nary [L. binarius, consisting of two.] Noting a chemical compound containing two elements. binaural [bin-aw'ral) [L. bini, a pair, + auris, ear.] Relating to both ears; binotic. binauriciilar (bin-aw-rik'u-lar). Biauricular. bind (bind) [A.S. bindan.] i. To bandage con- fine, encircle with a band. 2. To join together with a band or ligature. 3. To unite with, to neutralize; noting the combination of the toxin and antitoxin molecules, or of two substances having a chemical affinity. bindei' (bin'der). i. A broad bandage, especially one encircling the abdomen. 2. Anything that binds, as in the case of the antitoxin molecule; see bind (3). obstet'rical b., a broad piece of muslin, covering the abdomen from the ribs to the trochanters, tightly pinned at the back, affording support after childbirth bind web (blnd'web). Neuroglia. biner'vate. Having two nerves, neurons, veins, or ribs, noting an insect's wing or a leaf. Binet age (be-na') [Alfred Binet, French psychol- ogist, 1857-1911.] The age of the normal child with whose intellection (as measured by the Binet-Simon tests) the intellection of the abnor- mal child corresponds. The Binet age of the idiot is 1 to 2 years; of the imbecile, 3 to 7 years; of the moron, 8 to 12 years. B. test, submitting a child or an adolescent to a mental examination by asking him a series of questions graded ac- cording to the intelligence of normal children at different ages; according to the answers given the subject is gaaded as normal, backward, a moron, an imbecile, or an idiot; see above, Binet age. Binet-Simon test (be-na'se-mawfi') [Alfred Binet Th. Simon.] Binet* test. [NG TEST 12S BIOTOXIN ng test [Albert Bing, Austrian otologist, *i844.] The patient signals at the instant he no longer hears a vibrating tuning-fork in contact with the sktiU; the xtemal auditory canal is then closed with the finger and the found is again heard if the middle ear is unobstructed liodide (bin-i'o-did) [L. bint, double.] A com- pound having two equivalents of Iodine to one of the other element. (NOj),. Bismuth nitrate. locular (bin-ok'u-lar) [L. bini, paired, + oculus, eye.] Adapted to the use of both eyes, said of an optical instrvunent. lo'tic [L. bini, a pair, + G. ous(dt-), ear.] Bin- aural. lov'ular [L. bini, pair, 4- omilum, dim. of ovum, egg ] Relating to two ova. lozide (bin-oks'id) [L. bini, pair.] A compound containing two parts or eqmvalents of oxygen to one of the other element. luclear, binucleate (bi-nu'kle-ar, bi-nu'kle-at) [L. bi-, two, + nucleus.] Having two nuclei. au'cleolate [L. bi-, two.] Having two nucleoli. nz's test (bints) [K. Bim, German pharmacologist, 1832— 1912.] For quinine in the urine: a pre- cipitate is thrown down on the addition of iodine 2, potassium iodide i, in water 40, if quinine is present. 'oblast [G. bios, life, + blastos, sprout, germ.] I. Micella 2. Altmann's* granule. achemi'cnl (bi-o-keml-kal). Relating to physio- logical chemistry. ochemics, biochemistry (bi-o-ke^'iks, bi-o-kem'is- trl) [G. bios, life.] Physiological chemistry. ochemy (bi-ok'em-I). Biochemistry. liO)2CO,. Bismuthyl carbonate, subcarbonate of bismuth. ocolloid (bi-o-kol'oyd) [G. bios, life, -I- colloid.] A colloid existing in, and supplying the stable part of the plant or animal organism. odynam'ic. Relating to biodynamics or to the vital force. sdynam'ics [G. bios, life, + dynamis, force.] Biophysiology, the science dealing with the force or energy of living matter. 'ogen G bios, life, + gennao, I produce.] i. Protoplasm. 2. One of a number of unstable molecules in protoplasm which are assumed to be continually undergoing assimilation and disassimilation. 3. The assvmied substance of the soul or spiritual body. 9gen'esis G bios, life, + genesis, origin.] The origin of living things from living things, as opposed to abiogenesis or spontaneous genera- tion. Dgenet'ic. Relating to biogenesis. okinefics [G. bios, life, -I- kinesis, motion.] The branch of science which treats of the changes which developing organisms undergo. ilogical (bi-o-loj'-J-kal) Relating to Diology. il'ogist. A student of Biology. jl'ogy [G. bios, life, ■*• iogia.] The branch of science which deals with Jiving organisms. Jlyt'ic [G. bios, life, + lytikos, solvent.] Capable of destroying life. jmag'netism. Animal magnetism. )m'etry [G. bios, life, + metron, measure.] In life insurance, the determination of the probable duration or expectation of life. , on [G. bion, living.] A living thing, m'ergy [G. bios, life, + energeia, energy.] Vital force. OCNO,). Bismuthyl nitrate, subnitrate of bis- muth. bion'omy [G. bios, life, -1- nomas, law.] The laws of life ; the science which treats of the laws regu- lating the vital functions. biono'sis [G. bios, life, + nosos, disease.] A disease due to some living pathogenic agent. biophagism, biophagy (bi-of'a-jizm, bi-of'a-jl) [G. bios, life, + phago, I eat.] The deriving of nourishment from living organisms. bioph'agous. Feeding on living organisms, not- ing certain parasites. bi'ophore [G. bios, life, + phoreo, I carry.] The ultimate unit, according to Weissmann, an aggregation of which composes the determinant, which in turn is one of the imits forming the id; it is so named on the supposition that in it resides the vitality of the cell. biophysiog'raphy [G. bios, life, + physis, nature, + grapho, I write.] The branch of biology which deals with the natural history of living organisms; descriptive biology. biophysiology (bi"o-iiz-)[-ol'o-jI) [G. bios, life, -|- physis, nature, + -Iogia.} The science of the development, morphology, and functions of liv- ing organisms. bi'oplasm [G. bios, life, -I- plasma, thing formed.] Protoplasm, especially in its relation to living processes and development. bioplas'mic. Relating to bioplasm. bioplas'mih. The hypothetical constituent of the cjrtoplasm upon which the life and functional activity of the cell depends. bioplas'son [G. bios, life, -1- plasson, forming.] Elsberg's term for protoplasm. bi'oplast [G. bios, life, + plastos, formed.] An ame- boid cell, leucocj^e, lymphocyte. bioplas'tic. i. Relating to a bioplast. 2. Promot- ing growth, noting the energy derived from food; vegetative. bi'opsy [G. bios, life, -I- opsis, vision.] Examination of tissues, normal or morbid, excised from the living body. bior'bital [L. fct-, two.] Relating to both orbits. bios (bi'os) [G. bios, life.] A substance found in ctdtures of growing yeast which is supposed to be necessary to the growth of yeast in any medium. bi'oscope. Any instrument employed in bioscopy. bios'copy [G. bios, life, -1- skopeo I view.] Exam- ination of the body made to determine the pres- ence or absence of life. bio'sis [G. biosis, life.] Life in general; the state of a living organism. biostat'ics [G. bios, life, + statikos, causing to stand.] 1. The science of metabolism; of the relation between structure and function 2. The science which has to do with the average expectation of life; that is, with health under varying conditions. Biot's bre«th'ing (be-o') [Camille Biot, French phy- sician, nineteenth century.] Rapid respiration with rhythmical pauses, occurring commonly in meningitis. biota (bi'o-tah) [G. biote, life.] All living things, the combined fauna and flora of any region. biotox'is, bi'otaxy [G. bios, life, + taxis, arrange- ment.] The classification of living beings accord- ing to their anatomical characteristics. biotic (bi-ot'ik). i. Relating to the life forces. 2. Relating to the biota, or the combined fauna and flora of a region or country. biot'ics [G. biotikos, relating to life.] The science which deals with the ftmctions of life, or vital activity and force. biot'omy [G. bios, life, -I- tome, a cutting.] Vivisection. biotox'in. A poisonous substance found in the urine and in the tissue juices. BIOTRIPSIS 126 BISMUTAN biotrip'sis [G. bios, life, + tripsis, a rubbing.] A smooth, shiny, pigmented condition of the skin of the backs of the hands, forehead, shins, and elsewhere in the aged; life-wear. bipal'atinoid. A capsule with two compartments, used for taking remedies in nascent form; the reaction between the two substances takes place as the capsule dissolves in the stomach, and so sets free the remedy. bipara (bip'ah-rah) [L. bi-, two, + parere, to give birth.] Secundipara, a woman who has borne two children at different labors. biparasit'ic. Relating to a parasite of a parasite. bipari'etal [L. bi-, two, + paries, wall.] Relating to both parietal bones of the skull. bip'arous [L. bi-, two, + parere, to bring forth.] Bearing two young. bipar'tite [L. bi-, two, + pars, part.] Divided into two parts. bi'ped [L. hi-, two, + pes, foot.], i. Two-footed. 2. Any animal with only two feet. bi'pedal. i. Relating to a biped. 2. Having two feet only. blpen'nate, bipen'niform [L. bi-, two, -)- penna, feather.] Having a double feather arrangement. b. muscle, a muscle with a central tendon toward which the fibers converge on either Side like the barbs of a feather. biper'forate [L. bi-, two, + perforatus, pierced.] Having two foramina or perforations. bipo'lar [L. bi-, two, -H polus, pole.] Having two poles, noting those nerve cells in which the branches project from two, usually opposite, points. bipp [6isn3uth-iodoform-^araffin-^aste.] A name given by Rutherford M orison to a mixture of one part bismuth, two parts iodoform, and one part parafBn, blended to form a paste ; employed as an antiseptic application to wounds pre- viously cleaned and dried. bipubiot'omy. Double pubiotomy, division of the pubis on both sides. birch [A.S. birce.} A tree of the genus Betula. Birchdale Springs, N. H. Calcic-chalybeate waters. Four springs. Bircher*s opera'tion (ber'kher) [Heinrich Bircher, Swiss surgeon, *i8so.] Reduction in size of a dilated stomach by a line of sutures uniting the anterior and posterior walls of the organ. Birch-Hirschfeld's method (berkh-hersh'felt) [Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld, German pathologist, *i842.] A method of staining for amyloid degen- eration. The specimen, fixed in alcohol and imbedded in paraffin, is cut into very thin sec- tions; these sections, freed from the paraffin, are placed for 5 minutes in a 2 per cent, alcoholic solution of Bismarck brown, then washed in alcohol and distilled water and afterward placed for 5 or 10 minutes in a 2 per cent, aqueous solu- tion of gentian violet and finally decolorized in dilute acetic acid. The nucleus is stained brown, the protoplasm is unstained, and the amyloid substance is colored a ruby red bird's-eye. Adonis. Bird's for'mula [Golding Bird, English physician, 1814-18S4.] The last two figures of the specific gravity of a specimen of urine give approxi- mately the number of grains of solids to the ounce. Bird's sign [Samuel Dougan Bird, Australian physician, contemporary.] The presence of a zone of dulness on percussion with absence of respiratory signs in hydatid cyst of the lung. blrd's-head type. Aztec idiocy."* blrefrac'tive, birefrin'gent [L. bi-, two.] Refracting twice, splitting a ray of light in two. Bir'kett's her'nla [John Birkett, English surgeon, nineteenth century.] Protrusion of synovial membrane through a rent in the capsule of the joint. birth. The passage of the child from the uterus to the outside world; the act of being bom. pre- mature' b., the b. of a viable child, i.e. from early in the seventh month to full term, still b., the birth of a dead fetus. birth'mark. Naevus. birth'root. Trillium. bisacro'mial [L. bis, twice.] Relating to both acromion processes. bi'salt. An acid salt.* bisax'illary [L. bis, twice.] Relating to both axillae. Bischoff's crown (bish'of) [Theodor Ludwig Wil- helmvon Bischoff, German anatomist, 1807-1882.] The inner zone resulting from the duplication of the epithelial capsule of the ovum, the external layer constituting the granular membrane, Bischoff's opera'tion (bish'of) [Johaim Jacob Bischoff, German gynecologist, *i84i.] Total removal of the gravid uterus by the abdominal route. Bischoff's test (bish'of) [Carl Adam Bischoff, Ger- man chemist, '''1855.] For biliary acids; a red color appears upon adding sugar and dilute sulphuric acid and heating. bisect' [L. bi-, two, + secare, to cut.] To cut in two, to divide into twvo parts. bisection (bi-sek'shun). Division into two parts. bisexual (bi-seks'u-al) [bi-, two, 4- sexus, sex.] Hermaphrodite. bisferious (bis-fer'I-us) [L. bis, twice, -|- ferire, to strike.] Bisferi s, beating twice, said of the pulse. Bishop's sphyg'moscope [Louis Paug^res Bishop, New York physician, *i864.] An instrument for measuring the blood-pressure, with special refer- ence to diastolic pressure. The tube is filled with a, solution of cadmium borotungstate, and the scale is the reverse of that of a mercurial man- ometer, the pressure being made directly by the weight of the liquid and not by compressed air. In the tube near the cuff is inserted a glass seg- ment with a lens by which the movements of a lever in the fluid can be observed. bish'oping. Altering the appearance of a horse with intention to deceive ; as the simulation, in the case of an old horse, by means of caustic or the hot iron, of marks on the incisors. bisiliac (bis-il'1-ak). Relating to any two corre- sponding iliac parts or structures, as the iliac bones or iliac tossas. Bisk'ra but'ton [Biskra, a town in Algeria.] Oriental boil.''' bis'mal. Trade name for bismuth methylene- digallate, a bluish gray powder, employed as an intestinal astringent in doses of gr. 1-3 (o . 06-0 . 2). Bismarck-brown [after Prince Bismarck German statesman, 1815-1898.] Vesuvine. bis'mon. Colloidal bismuth oxide, employed like bismuth subnitrate in doses of gr. 8 (0.5) in milk. bis'mutal. A mixture of sodium salicylate and bismuth-sodium phosphate ; antiseptic and astrih- _ gent. bis'mutan. Isutan, a yellow insoluble powder said to be a mixture of resorcin and bismuth tan- nate, employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3) SMUTH 127 BIZYGOMATIC muth (biz'muth). A reddish, crystalline, brittle, riad metal, chemical symbol Bi, atomic weight 108 ; several of its salts are employed in medicine ; or the official salts see under bismuikum-. b. >etanaph'tholate, bismuthi betanaphtholas, b, )xy-iodogall'ate, airol. liq'uid b., liquor bis- nuthi (N.P.)- mag'istery of b., b. subnitrate. mu'thi betanaph'tholas (U.S.). Bismuth beta- laphtholate, orphol, an odorless, tasteless, gray- sh powder; employed especially in enteritis and IS an intestinal antacid when a laxative effect is lot desirable, in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3—1.2). b. sarbo'nas, b. subcarbonas (U.S.), b. oxycarbonas Bt.). b. cit'ras, bismuth citrate, a white amor- phous powder; employed to make the following. 3. et ammo'nii cit'ras (U.S.), bismuth and am- nonium citrate, ammoniocitrate of bismuth, jccurs in white shining scales, soluble in water; ntestinal astringent in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.12- ).3). b. ox'idum (Br.), a dull yellowish crystal- ine powder, employed for the same purposes as ;he subnitrate in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3—0.6). b. )x'idum hydra'tum, hydrated oxide of bismuth ; i yellowish white powder obtained by precipitat- ng an aqueous solution of bismuth trinitrate; :xternal application, b. oxycarbo'nas (Br.), b. ;ubcarbonas (U.S.). b. salicyl'as, bismuth sali- ;ylate, a whitish or yellowish powder, used in Jiarrhea and typhoid fever in doses of gr. 5-20 [0.3-1.3). b. subcarbo'nas (U.S.), bismuth sub- larbonate, b. oxycarbonate (Br.), a yellowish or ivhitish powder, used for the same purposes as ;he subnitrate in doses ®f gr. 10—60 (0.6—4.0). D. subgallas (U.S.), bismuth subgallate, derma- ;ol, a yellowish powder, employed internally in iiarrhea in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3—0.6), and ex- ;ernally as an antiseptic dusting powder, b. subni'tras (U.S. and Br.), bismuth subnitrate, magisterium bismuthi, a white powder employed nternally as an intestinal astringent and in gas- tric ulcer in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0), and ex- ternally as a dusting powder, b. subsalicyl'as [U.S.), bismuth subsalicylate, a white or whitish jrystalline or amorphous powder; employed as m intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-10 [p. 3-0. 6). 'muthol. Bismutal. muthosis (biz-muth-o'sTs). Chronic bismuth poi- ioning. mu'thum. Bismuth. 'muthyl [bismuth + G. hyle, stuff.] The group, BiO, which behaves chemically as an atom of a inivalent metal ; its salts are the oxysalts or sub- ialts of bismuth. mu'tose. Trade name of a compound of bismuth md albumin, a white powder insoluble in water ; smployed in intestinal disorders in doses of 5^2 (2.0—8.0). iol. Trade name for soluble bismuth phosphate, I white powder, containing about 20 per cent, jismuth trioxide ; intestinal antiseptic and astrin- gent in doses of gr. 4-8 (o. 25-0. 5). tephan'ic. Relating to both stephanions, noting jarticularly the b. width of the cranium, or !• liameter, the shortest distance from one itephanion to the other. tor'ta [L. his, twice, -t- tortus, twisted.] Bistort, he rhizome of Polygonum bistorta, English ser- lentary, sweetdock, snakewort; astringent, em- )loyed for the same purposes as eranium. toury (bis'too-re) [Fr. bisiouH.'] A long narrow- daded knife, straight or curved on the edge, sharp ir blunt pointed (probe-pointed); employed for opening abscesses, slitting up sinuses and fistulas, etc. Blunt-pointed and Sharp-pointed Curved Bistouries. bistratal (bi-stra'tal) [L. bi-, two, -I- stratum, layer.] Having two strata or layers. bisul'phate. A compound having two parts or equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base. bisul'phide. A compound containing two equiva- lents of sulphur to one of the other element. bisul'phite. A compound containing two equiva- lents of sulphurous acid to one of the base. bitar'trate. A compound containing two equiva- lents of tartaric acid to one of the base. bite (bit) [A.S. bUan.] i. To cut or hold with the teeth. 2. A wound made with the teeth. 3. Puncture of the skin made by an insect. 4. In dentistry the bite is the force with which the jaws may be closed in the crushing of food. bitem'poral. Relating to both temples or temporal bones. . Bitot's spots (be- to') . Minute areas of desquamat- ing epithelium on the conjunctiva in xerosis of that membrane. bitiochanteric (bi-tro-kan-ter'ik). Relating to two trochanters, either to the two trochanters of one femur or to both great trochanters bitt'er. Having a taste like that of strychnine or quinine, b. water, one of a group of purga- tive mineral waters containing magnesium sulphate. bitt'ers. i. An alcoholic liquor in which bitter vegetable substances, quinine, gentian, or the like, have been steeped. 2. Bitter vegetable drugs, usually employed as tonics; such are quassia, gentian, cinchona, etc. Swe'dish b., tinctura aloes composita. bit'tersweet. Dulcamara. Bit'torf's reac'tion [Alexander Bittorf, German physician, contemporary.] In cases of renal colic the pain on squeezing the testicle or pressing the ovary radiates to the kidney. bi'uret. A derivative of urea, CjHjNjOj -)- HjO. b, reac'tion, when biuret is heated with Feh- ling'fe solution a red- violet color is formed; this reaction is given by urea and various albumins, albumoses, peptones, etc. biv'alence, biv'alency. A combining force, or val- ence, double that of the hydrogen atom. biv'alent [L. bi-, two, -(- valere, to have power.] Having a combining power equal to two atoms of hydrogen. ^ bi'valve [L. hi-, two, + valva, door.] Having two movable sides or parts connected by a, hinge, b. spec'ulum, see under speculum: biven'ter [L. bi-, two, -I- venter, belly.] Two-bellied, digastric; noting several muscles, b. cervi'cis, inner portion of the complexus, musculus* spinalis capitis, b. mandib'ulse, musculus digastricus. biven'tral. Digastric. bi'vo. Trade name of a preparation of meat ex- tract, iron, glucose, and alcohol. biz'in. The orange dye obtained from amotto. bizygomatic (bi-zi-go-mat'ik). Relating to both zygomas. BIZZOZERO'S PLATELET 128 BLASTOMYCETI Bizzozero's plate'let (bit-sot'ser-o) [Giulio Bizzozeor. Italian physician, 1 846-1 901.] Hematoblast. B.'s red cells, nucleated red blood-corpuscles. black [A.S. blaec] Without color, reflecting no light, the opposite of white, b. draught, mistura sennas composita. b. drop, acetum opii. b. fe'ver, ka)a-azar. b. fly, buffalo gnat, sand fly, a biting dipterous insect of the genus Simulium. b. head, comedo, b. spore, a body noted by Ross in the malarial organism, either a hyper- parasite (a species of Nosema) or indicating a special stage in the life history of the organism. b. wash, lotio hydrargyri nigra. Black Barren Mineral Springs, Penn. Mild alkaline- saline waters. Rheumatism, hepatic and renal disorders, and dyspepsia. May to October. Black's for'mula [J. Black, British army sur- geon, 1 contemporary.] A translation of Pig- net's* formula into British measurements: F = (W -I- C) - H; P is the empirical factor, W is the weight in pounds, C the chest girth in inches at full inspiration, and H the height in inches; a man is classed as very strong when F is over 120, strong between no and 120, good 100 to no, fair 90 to 100, weak 80 to 90, very weak under 80. black'berry. Rubus. black-eye. An ecchymosis of the eyelids and sur- rounding parts. blackleg, i. Purpura of the legs. 3. Quarter evil, symptomatic anthrax.* Black Sulphur Springs, California, See Byron Springs. black'water fe'ver. Hemoglobinuria. bladd'er [A.S. blaedre.] ±. Vesica; the distensible elastic bag serving as a receptacle and place of storage for the urine; also any similar receptacle for fluid, as the gall-bladder. 2. Vesicle, blister; any hollowstructureor sac, normal or pathological, containing a serous fluid, brain b., a cerebral vesicle in the embryo, fascic'ulate b., one with hypertrophied walls, the muscular bundles stand- ing out like interlacing cords on the inner sur- face of the viscus. gall-b., cholecyst, vesica fellea [BNA]. stam'mering of the b., irregular halting or interruption of the stream in micturition, n'rinary b., vesica urinaria (BNA], a muscular bag in which the urine is received and stored temporarily before being discharged through the urethra. absence, acystia. atrophy, cystatrophy. catarrh, cys- torrhea. dilatation, cystauxe, cystectasy. examina- tion, cystoscopy, fixation, cystopexy. hemorrhage, cystorrhagia. hernia, cystocele, colpooystocele (into vagina), proctocystocele (into rectum), incision, cys- totomy; epicystotomy (suprapubic), hypocystotomy (perineal), colpocystotomy (through vagina), cystido- laparotomy, cystidoceliotomy (through abdominal wall), proctocystotomy (through rectum), lithotomy (for stone) . inflammation, cystitis; pericystitis, epicys- titis, paracystitis (of parts around), irritability, cyster- ethism. pain, oystalgia, cystodynia, cystoneuralgia. plastic surgery, cystoplasty, oystorrhaphy (suture). prolapse, cystoptosia. bladd'er-worm. Cysticercus. bladder-wrack (blad'er-rak). Fucus vesiculosus. blade-bone. Scapula. Bladon Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-carbonated waters. Rheumatism, renal diseases, indiges- tion, and syphilitic cachexia. blain [A S. blegen.] A sore on the skin, blister, blotch. • Blainville ears (blan-vSl') [Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anthropologist, i777-'85o-] Asymmetry in size or shape of the auricles. Blan'card's pills [Stephen Blancard, Dutch phys cian, 1650-1702.] Pilulae ferri iodidi. Bian'chard^s meth'od [Wallace Blanchard, Chicaj surgeon, *i8s7.] Treatment of tuberculoi cavities in bone by plugging with a non-medicate mixture of white wax, i part, and vaseline, parts. bland [L. blandus, soft.] Mild, unirritating, soothin; Blandin's gland (blahn-dan') [Philippe Fr^d^r B/a«di«, Parisian surgeon, 1798— 1849.] Glandul lingualis anterior; called also Blandin-Nuhn gland. Blasius' duct (blah'se-oos) [Gerard Blasius, Dutc anatomist, 17th century.] Stensen's due ductus* parotideus. blast [G. blastos, oilspring, germ.] Sporozoite. 1 form of red cells, nucleated red blood cells, ei ythroblasts. blaste'ma [G. blastema, a sprout.] The bioplasm c the developing embryo. blastem'ic. Relating to the blastema. blas'tid [G. blastos, germ.] The clear space in th impregnated ovum marking the site of th nucleus. blastocele, blastocoele (blas'to-sel) [G. blaslcn germ, + koilos, hollow.] The cavity in th morula of a developing ovum blastoce'lijg. Relating to the blastocele. blastochyle (blas'to-kil) [G. blastos, germ, + chyloi juice.] The blastocelic fluid. blas'tocyst [G. blastos, germ, -f- hystis, bladder. Blastodermic vesicle, gastrocyst; the moruli after its conversion into a cyst through the accu mulation of fluid within the trophoblast. blastocyte (blas'to-sit) [G. blastos, germ, + kylos cell.] An undifferentiated embryonic cell. blastocyto'ma. A tumor formed of indifferen cells (blastocytes). blastoderm, blastoderma (blas'to-durm, blas-to-dur' mah) [G. blastos, germ, -I- derma, skin.] Th( primitive cell layer in the beginning embryo consisting of two or three layers of cells; th( outer, or ectoderm, the inner, or entoderm, anc a middle, or mesoderm, also called epiblast hypoblast, and mesoblast, respectively. Th( blastoderm lies beneath the zona pellucida 0I the ovum and forms the wall of a sac, the blasto- dermic vesicle. blastoder'mal. Blastodermic. blastoder'mic. Relating to the blastoderm, blas'todisc. A collection of protoplasm at one pol« of the impregnated ovum. blastogen'esis [G. blastos, germ, + genesis, origin. Reproduction of unicellular organisms by budding blastogeny (blas-toj'en-I) [G. blastos, germ, + gen- nao, I produce.] The evolution of the body ir its development from the ovum ; the germ historj of the organism. blastolysis (blas-tol'i-sis) [G. blastos, germ, + lysis, solution.] Lysis or destruction of a germ cell. blasto'ma [G. blastos, germ.] i. A neoplasm devel- oping from an embryonic rest. Mastocytoma. 2. A true tumor, a neoplasm possessing the power of autonomous growth, blas'tomere [G. blastos, germ, + meros, part.] One of the segments into which the egg divides aftei conjugation of the sperm-nucleus and germ- nucleus. blastomerot'omy. Blastotomy. blastomycetes (blas-to-mi-se't6z) [G. blastos, germ, + mykls, fungus.] Sacchargmycetes, yeasts, bud- ding fungi; see saccharomyces. blastomyce'ttc. Relating to or caused by blasto- mycetes. b. dermati'tis, cutaneous blastomycosis, BLASTOMYCOSIS 129 BLEPHAROPHRYPLASTY blastomyco'sis. A disease caused by the presence and growth of blastomycetes in the tissues; it may be generalized or confined to the skin. The general symptoms are anorexia, emaciation, pros- tration, cough, an irregular temperature, weak and rapid pulse, multiple subcutaneous nodulea which suppurate and form ulcers. The cuta neous form (blastomycetic dermatitis) is marked by the presence of elevated patches of varying size, presenting a, verrucous surface sometimes discharging pus or crusted. blastoneuropore (blas"to-nu'ro-por). An opening formed by the union of the blastopore and neuro- pore. blas'tophore [G. blasios, germ, + phoros, bearing.] The part of the sperm cell which does not pro- duce spermatozoa. blastophthoria (blas"tof-tho'ri-ah) [G. blasios, germ, -t- phthora, corruption.] Degeneration of the germ cells as a result of poisoning by syphilis, lead, alcohol, opium, etc. blastophthoric (blas"tof-thor'ik). Relating to blas- tophthoria. b. degenera'tion, blastophthoria. blastophyll'um [G. bla'sios, germ, 4- phyllon, leaf.] One of the blastodermal layers. blas'topore [G. blasios, germ, + poros, opening.] The opening into the archenteron formed by the invagination of the blastula; Rusconi's anus, protostoma. blastosphere (blas'to-sfer) [G. blasios, germ, -I- sphaira, sphere.] Blastodermic vesicle, blastula. blastospher'ic. Relating to the blastosphere. blastot'omy [G. blasios, germ, 4- iotne, incision.] The experimental destruction of one or more blastomeres. blas'tula [dim. from G. blasios, germ.] Blasto- sphere. blas'tular. Blastospheric. blastula'tion. The formation of the blastula or blastosphere. Blatin's syn'drome (blS-taii'). Hydatid thrill.* Blatt'a orienta'lis. The common cockroach; the dried insect has been employed as a diuretic in albuminuria in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). Blaud's pills (blawd, properly bio) [P. Blaud, French physician, 1774-1858.] Pilulae ferri carbonatis. blear-eye. Lippitudo, a chronic inflammation of the margins of the eyelids. bleb. Bulla, blister. bleed'er. j.. A sufferer from hemophilia. ■^. A phlebotomist. blen'al. Santalol carbonate, a yellowish oily liquid, used in the treatmeu of gonorrhea. blennadenitis (blen-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. blenna, mucus, -I- adSn, gland, + -itisi\ Inflammation of the mucous glands. blennogen'ic [G. blennos, mucus, + gennad, I pro- duce.] Muciparous, forming mucus. blennogenous (blen-oj'en-us). Blennogenic. blenn'oid [G. "blennos, mucus, -t- eidos, resemblance.] Mucoid, resembling mucus. blennometritis (blen-o-me-tri' (tre')tis) [G. blennos, mucus, + metra, womb, + -itis.] Inflammation of the uterine mucous membrane, especially when accompanied by a discharge. blennophthal'mia [G. blennos, mucus, + ophthalmia.] L. Conjunctivitis. 2. Gonorrheal ophthalmia. blennorrha'gia [G. blennos, mucus, -f -rhagia.] A profuse blennorrhea. blennoirhagic (blen-o-raj'ik). Blennorrheal. blennorrhe'a, blennorrhoe'a [G. blennos, mucus, + rhaia, a flow.] 1. Any mucous' discharge, espe- cially from the urethra or vagina. 2. Gonorrhea. b. alveoU'ris, pyorrhea alveolaris. b. conjunc- tiva'lis, gonorrheal ophthalmia, b. neonato'rtim, ophthalmia neonatorum, inclu'sion b., con- junctivitis neonatorum caused by Chlamydozoa and not by the gonococcus; it closely resembles, histologically, trachoma. blennorrhe'al. Relating to blennorrhea. blennos'tasin [see blennosiasis.] Cinchonidine hy- drobromide, a yellow powder of bitter taste, hemostatic and astringent, employed in catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory mucous mem- branes in doses of gr. 1-4 (o . 06-0 .25). blennos'tasis [G. blennos, mucus, + stasis, a stand- ing.] Diminution or suppression of secretion from the mucous membranes. blennostat'ic. Diminishing mucous secretion. blennotho'raz [G. blennos, mucus.] An accumula- tion of mucous secretion in the bronchi. blennu'ria [G. blennos, mucus, + ouron, urine.] The passage of an excess of mucus in the urine. blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. blepharon, eyelid,, + aden, gland, + -itis.} Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. bleph'aral [G. blepharon, eyelid.] Referring to the eyelids. bleph'arism [G. blepharon, eyelid.] Spasmodic twitching of the eyelids. blepharitis (blef-ar-i'(e')tis) [G. blepharon, eyelid, + -itis.] Inflammation of the eyelids, especially of the margins of the lids, ciliary or marginal b., b. cilia'ris, b. margina'lis, b. squamo'sa, a chronic inflammation of the margins of the lids with the formation of branny scales b. ulcer- o'sa, marginal b. with ulceration, b. parasit'ica, b. phthiriat'ica, marginal b. due to the presence of lice, pediculous b. blepha oadenitis (blef-ar-o-ad-en-i'(e')tis) Bleph- aradenitis. blepharoadenoma (blef"ar-o-ad-e-no'mah) [G. bleph- aron, eyelid, + aden, gland, + -oma.] A glandu- lar tumor, or adenoma, of the eyelid. blepharoatheroma (blef"ar-o-ath-e-ro'mah) [ G . blepharon, eyelid, -I- aihere, gruel, + -oma.'] A sebaceous cyst of the eyelid. blepharochalasis (blef-ar-o-kal'as-is) [G. blepharon, eyelid, + chalasis, a slackening.] A condition in which there is a redundancy of the upper eyelids so that a fold of skin hangs down, often concealing the tarsal margin when the eye is open; ptosis adiposa, false ptosis, dermatolysis palpebrarum. bleph"arochromidro'sis [G. blepharon eyelid, -|- chroma, color, + hidros, sweat.] Chromidrosis of the eyelids. blepharoc'lonus [G. blepharon, eyelid, -f- klonos, a tumult.] Clonic spasm of the eyelids. blepharoconjunctivitis (blef"ar-o-kon-junk-tI-vi'(ve') tis) [G. blepharon, eyelid, + L conjunctiva, + G. -iiisl\ Inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva. blepharodias'tasis [G. blepharon, eyelid, + diastasis, separation.] Abnormal separation or inability to close completely the eyelids. blepharon'cus [G. blepharon, eyelid, -I- onkos a tumor.] A tumor of the eyelid. blepharopachynsis (blef"ar-o-pS-kin'sis) [G. blepha- ron, eyelid, + pachynsis, a thickening.] A thickening of an eyelid. bleph"arophymo'sis [G. blepharon, eyelid, + phimo- sis, a narrowing,] Inability to open the eye to the normal extent ; blepharostenosis. bleph"aroph'ryplasty [G. blepharon, eyelid, + ophrys, eyebrow, -I- plasso, I form.] A plastic operation for the restoration of a defect in the eyelid and the eyebrow. BLEPHAROPLAST 130 BLOOD bleph'aroplast [G. blepharon, eyelid, + plastos, formed.] A minute mass of chromatin formed from the nucleus in certain protozoa, or forming the base of a flagellum, acting as a center for movement of the organism; basal granule, micro- nucleus, motor or locomotor nucleus. bleph"aroplas'tic. Relating to blepharoplasty. bleph'aroplasty. [G. blepharon, eyelid, + plasso, I form.] Any operation for the restoration of a defect in the eyelid. bleph"arople'gia [G. blepharon, eyelid,. + plegS, stroke.] Paralysis of an eyelid, blepharoptosia. blepharopto'sia [G. blepharon, eyelid, + ptosis, a falling.] Drooping of the upper eyelid. blepharopyorrhea (blef"ar-o-pi-or-re'ah) [G. bleph- aron, eyelid, + pyon, pus, + rhoia, a flow.] Puru- lent inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva. blepharor'rhaphy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + rhaphe, seam.] Tarsorrhaphy. bleph'arospasm, blepharospas'mus [G. blepharon, eyelid.] Spasmodic winking, or contraction of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. bleph"arospliinc"terec'toiiiy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + sphincter, sphincter, + ektome, excision.] Excis- ion of a portion of the orbicularis palpebranun muscle for the relief of obstinate blepharospasm. bleph'arostat [G. blepharon, eyelid + statos, fixed.] Eye-speculiun. blepharostenosis (blef'ar-o-sten-o'sis) [G. bleph- aron, eyelid, + stenosis, a narrowing.] Bleph- arophymosis, inability to open the eye to the normal extent. blepharosynechia (blef'ar-o-si-nek'K-ah) [G. blepha- ron, eyelid, + synechia, continuity.] Perma- manent adhesion of the eyelids. blepharot'omy [G. blepharon, eyelid, + tome, inci- sion.] A cutting operation on an eyelid. blepsopathia, blepsopathy (blep-so-path'I-ah, blep- sop'S.-thi) [G. blepsis, sight, -f- pathos, suffering.] Eyestrain. bless'ed this'tle. Carduus benedictus. Blesslg's groove [Robert Blessig, Dorpat physician, 1830-1878.] A mark in the eye of the embryo indicating the position of the ora serrata, or anterior edge of the retina. blind (blind) Unable to see. b. spot, optic disc, papilla nervi optici. blind-gut. Cecum. bllnd'ness. Loss of sight, amaurosis, col'or b., an inability to recognize one or more of the seven primary colors ; for the theories advanced to account for this condition, see under Edridge- Green, Herring, and Young-Helmholiz. cor'tical b., loss of sight due to a lesion in the cortical center of vision, day-b., hemeralopia. letter -b., a form of aphasia in which one is unable to recognize the significance of letters, mind-b., a division of aphasia including alexia, sign-blind- ness, and apraxia, in which the person no longer understands what he sees, moon-b., dimness of vision attributed to dazzling by the light of the tropical moon ; moon-blink, night-b., nyctalopia. psy'chic b., loss of comprehension of the retinal images through destruction of the visual center in the brain. red-green b., xanthocyanopia. sign-b., loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning of signs or gestures, asymbolia (2). snow-b., conjunctivitis with obscuration of vision caused by sunlight reflected from snow. text-b., word-b., alexia. blind-spot. Physiological scotoma, the point oi entrance of the optic nerve into the retina. blis'ter. i. A collection of fluid in the skin beneath the epidermis which is raised to form the upper wall of the sac, the base of the blister being formed by the corium- 2. An agent the appli- cation of which to the skin will cause the form- ation of a blister, blood-b., one which contains blood, fever b., herpes labialis. fly b., a vesi- cating application composed chiefly of canthar- ides. fly'ing b., a vesicating agent applied in succession to different areas of the skin, being kept in each place only long enough to redden, but not to cause a blister. blis'tering. i. Causing a blister to form. n. The forming of a blister. Bloch's scale (block). A series of mixtures of varying proportions of tincture of benzoin in glycerinated water, used to determine by comparison of turbidity the amount of albumin, precipitated by heat or nitric acid, in urine or one of the body fluids. block [Fr. bloquer,] To abstract, arrest passage through. block'ing. x. The arrest of passage through, ob- structing. .1. In psychoanalysis, a sudden break in the association occurring when a complex is touched, nerve b., impeding or arresting the passage of impulses through a nerve, as by the injection of alcohol or of cocaine or the like. Blocq's disease' [Paul Oscar Blocq, Parisian physi- cian, 1860-1896.] Astasia abasia. Blodgett's Springs, California. Alkaline-carbonated- sulphureted waters. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, chronic arthritis, cuta- neous diseases, dyspepsia, constipation, and renal and cystic disorders. Blondlot rays (blond-lo' raz) [Prosper Ren6 Blondlot, physicist in Nancy, France, *i849.] Radiations having somewhat similar properties to those of light, but with a shorter wave length, which render certain bodies luminous; they are given off from luminous bodies, magnetic fields, certain non-luminous bodies in a state of stress, ferments, and animal and vegetable tissues; called also N-rays. blood (blud) [A.S. blod.] Sanguis, cruor; the red fluid circulating in the arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries oxygen and reconstructive material to the tissues and removes from them carbon dioxide and other waste products. The arterial blood is that which has been depurated in the lungs, is of a bright red color, and is found in the pulmonary veins, left side of the heart, and the arteries; the venous blood is that charged with waste material, it is of a dark red color, and circulates in the veins, right side of the heart, and pulmonary artery. The blood is a fluid, plasma, in which are numerous cells, the erythro- cy es and leucocytes, the platelets, and the hemo- conia. b.-cast, a urinary cast formed of coag- ulated blood, b.-cell, b.-corpuscle. b.-clot, coagulum. b.-cor'puscle, b.-cell, either a red cell, erythrocyte, or a white cell, leucocyte. b.-count, a count of the absolute and relative numbers of red and white cells in a given quantity of blood, b.-crys'tals, hematoidin crystals b.-cyst, hematocyst, hematoma, b.-disc, platelet b.-dust, hemoconia. b.-motes, hemoconia. b.- plaque, platelet, b.-plas'ma, the fluid portion of the blood as it is contained in the vessels; it differs from blood-serum chiefly in containing fibrinogen. _ b.-plas'tid, a red blood cell altered by the action of a, too concentrated salt solu- tion, b.-plate, b.-plate'let, hematoblast, platelet.* b.-pois'oning, septicemia, pyemia, toxemia.* b.-pres'sure, the pressure or tension of the blood within the arteries, maintained by BLOOD 131 BOAS' POINT the contraction of the left ventricle, the resistance of the arterioles and capillaries, the elasticity of the arterial walls, and the condition of fluidity of the blood; the systolic or maximum b. p. is that occurring at the moment of ventricular systole; the diastolic, or minimum b. p. is that noted dvir- ing ventricular diastole immediately preceding the systole; the difference between these two degrees of pressure is called the " pulse-presstire. " b.-se'- rum, the fluid which is squeezed out by shrinkage of a blood-clot; in composition it is similar to the blood-plasma without the fibrinogen, b.- tu'mor, (i) aneirrysm; (2) hematocyst, hematoma. b.-ves'sel, one of the channels or tubes conveying blood, an artery, vein, sinus, or capillary, live b., myokymia, or twitching, of the eyeUd. [^aeration, arterialization, oxygenation, hematosis. arresting discharge, hemostatic, styptic, cell, hema- tocyte, erythrocyte, leucocyte, lymphocyte; hema- toblast, platelet, hematoconia or blood-dust, coloring mktter, hemoglobin, deficiency, oligemia, ischemia, local anemia, local asphyxia, local syncope, destruc- tion of, hemolysis, hematolysis, hemocytolysis, hema- tocytolysis, cytohemolysis, leucocytolysis, erythrocy- tolysis, plasmolysis. disease, hematopathy, chlorosis, leucemia, anemia, methemoglobinemia, chloranemia , hematodyscrasia, oligemia, pyemia, septicem a, sapre- xnia, hemophthisis. escape, hematorrhea, hemorrhage, diapedesis, exudation, excess, polyhemia, plethora, congestion, hyperemia, hypostasis, fatty, lipemia, pionemia. fibnn, hypinosis (deficiency); hyperinosis, hyperinosemia (excess), formation, hematogenesis, hemogenesis, hematosis, hematoplasty, hematopoie- sis, sanguification; anhematosis (defective), making of, see formation, microorganisms in, bacteiiemia, bacillemia, staphylococcemia, microbiohemia. poison- ing, sapremia, septicemia, pyemia, uremia, stercore- mia, copremia, toxemia, ichoremia. prefixes denoting, hema-, hemato-, hemo-, sangui-. spitting, hemoptysis. sugar in, glycemia, glycohemia, melitemia. sweating of, hematidrosis, hematohidrosis. thickening, anhy- dremia, bypohydremia, pachyemia, pachemia, pelo- hemia. thinness, anemia, spanemia, hydremia, tumor, aneurjrsm, hematocyst, hematoma, hematocele, urin- ary poisoning, uremia, azotemia, urinemia. vomiting, hematemesis. blood'less. Without blood, anemic, exsanguinated. b. opera'tion, one performed with loss of little blood. blood'letting. Abstraction of blood from the body as a remedial measure gen'eral b., abstraction of blood by an incision into an artery {arteri- otomy) or a vein {venesection, phlebotomy) . lo'cal b., abstraction of blood from the smaller vessels by wet cupping or leeching. blood'root. Sanguinaria. blood'shot. Locally congested, the smaller blood- vessels of the part being dilated and visible. blood' -vessel. A tube (artery, capillary, vein, or sinus) conveying blood. affecting the tonus, vasomotor, vasotonic, angiotonic, vasohypotonic, vasodilator, angiohypotonic, vasohy pertonic, vasoconstrictor, angiohypertonic. capillary, telangion, trichangion. closure of, by means of liga- tion, acupressure, torsion, artery forceps, angiotnbe. dot in, embolus, thrombus, coil of, glomus, glomeru- lus, degeneration, atheroma, angiosclerosis. dilata- tion, angiectasia, vasodilatation, aneurysm, varix; tel- angiectasia, trichangiectasia, angiotelectasia_ (of capil- laries), disease, angiopathy, angiosis; angiosclerosis, angiofibrosis, atheroma, angiomalacia; angionenrosis; telangiosis (of capillaries), formation, vasif action ,vasi- formation, vasoformation, angiopoiesis, angiogenesis. inflammation, angeitis, angiitis, junction of, anasto- mosis, inosculation, synanastomosis. narrowing, angi- ostenosis, vasoconstriction, paralysis, angioparalysis, angioparesis, vasomotor paralysis, vasopaialysis, vaso- ■ paresis, rupture, angiorrhexis. spasm, angiospasm, vasospasm, tumor, angioma, hemangioma, endotheli- oma, aneurysm, angiosarcoma, angioglioma, telangi- oma, angionoma. Blot's scis'sora (bio) [Claude Philibert Hippolyte Blot, Parisian obstetrician, 1823-1888.] An instnmient for craniotomy, consisting of lance- pointed scissors by which the skull is pierced, and cut as the blades are opened. blotch. A pimple, pustule, or other lesion of the skin, pel'vic b., pelvic* spot. Blount Springs, Alabama. Saline-sulphureted waters. Six springs. blow-fly. Flesh-fly, Musca vomitoria, a fly that deposits its eggs in flesh; the maggots are some- times seen in subjects in the dissecting room. blue. I. Azure, the color of the clear sky, one of, the primary colors of the spectrum between the indigo and the green. 2. Having the color of the sky, of the color blue. 3. Cyanotic, b. ba'by, a newborn infant with cyanosis, usually due to persistence of the foramen ovale of the heart, b.-blind, unable to distinguish the color blue, b.-blind'ness, ' acyanopsiS. b. disease', (i) morbus c^nileus; (2) tick* fever (4). b. gum, (i) the line along the dental margin of the gums in lead-poisoning; (2) Eucalyptus globulus. b. mass, massa* hydrargyri. b. oint'ment, un- guentum* hydrargyri. b. pill, b. mass, b.- stone, copper sulphate, see under cuprum. Blue Hill Mineral Springs, Maine. Light alkaline- chalybeate waters. Used for drinking. Tonic and diuretic. Blue Lick Springs, Missouri. Muriated and sul- phated-saline-carbonated waters. Hepatic, renal, cystic, and intestinal disorders. Blue Ridge Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-saline- carbonated waters, 52° F. Tonic, used in dys- pepsia, diarrhea, and constipation. Blum's rea'gent [Leo Blum, Strassburg physician, *i878,] To a solution of chloride of manganese and sodium metaphosphate a, small quantity of lead dioxide is added and the solution is Altered; upon adding urine to the solution a pink color is formed if albumin is present. Blum'berg's sign. In active peritonitis the pain caused by pressure of the hand on the abdomen is less than that caused by sudden removal of the pressure; when the inflammatory process is subsiding the pain of pressure is greater than that produced by sudden relief of pressure. Blumenau's nu'cleus (bloo'men-ow) [Leonid Blu- menau, Petrograd neurologist, *i862.] The outer portion of the cuneate fasciculus in the oblongata. Blumenau's plas'ter test (bloo'men-ow). A drop of tuberculin is placed in the forearm near the bend of the elbow and covered with adhesive plaster; in cases of tuberculosis a characteristic eruption appears in from 24 to 48 hours. Blu'menbach's cli'vus [Johanji' Friedrich Blumen- bach, German physiologist, 1752-1840.] The sloping portion of the sphenoid bone continuous with the basilar process of the occipital. B.'s proc'ess, processus uncinatus. Blyth's test [Alexander Wynter Blyth, English sanitarian, contemporary.] Tincture of coch- ineal, added to water, forms a precipitate if lead is present. BIVA. Abbreviation for Basel nomina anatomica, Basle* anatomical nomenclature. Bo'as' point [Ismar Boas, Berlin physician, *i858.] A tender spot to the left of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, present in cases of gastric ulcer. B.'s test, for hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice ; a drop of a solution of resorcin and sugar, each 5, in dilute alcohol 100, added to a drop of the filtered gastric juice produces a temporary scarlet color if hydrochloric acid is present. B.'s test break'fast, consists of a tablespoonful of oat- meal in a quart of water boiled down to a pint; BOAS' POINT 132 BOLDINE it is eaten in the morning, the stomach having previously been washed out, and the stomach contents are withdrawn and examined after one hour and a half. Bo'as-Opp'Ier bacill'us [Ismar Boas; Bruno Oppler, Breslau physician, contemporary.] Bacillus gas- irophilus. Bob'roff's meth'od [V. F. Bobroff, Moscow surgeon, *i858 ] Treatment of cyst of the liver by incision and removal of the lining membrane, followed by suture of the incision and closure of the abdomen without lavage or drainage. Bochdalek's canal' or fora'men (bokh-dal'ek) [Vincent Alexander Bochdalek, Prague anato- mist, 1801-1883.] Rivinus's* foramen. B.'s gan'glion, a ganglion of the plexi;s of the dental nerve lying in the maxilla just above the root of the canine tooth. B.'s gap, the opening in the diaphragm on either side posteriorly between the vertebral and the costal attach- ments. B.'s muscle, musculus triticeogjossus. B.'s valve, a fold of mucous membrane in the nasal canal at the level of the punctum lacrimale. Bock's nerve [August Carl Bock, German anato- mist, 1782-1833.] The pharyngeal nerve arising from the posterior portion of the sphenopalatine ganglion, blended usually with the Vidian nerve. Bock'hart's impeti'go [Max Bockhart, German physi- cian, nineteenth century.] A form of impetigo involving the hair follicles, frequently a residt of autoinoculation from the discharge of a boil. Bo'dal's test. A test for color vision by means of variously colored blocks. Bo'do. A genus of protozoan organisms some of which are parasitic in the intestine of man and other mammalians; it is wedge-shaped, the narro'fr part being twisted in itself, and is provided with two fiagella. B. urina'rius, a species found occasionally in the urine, but probably not pathogenic. bod'y [A.S. bodig.] Corpus, soma. i. The trunk as distinguished from the head and extremities. 2. The material part of man, as distinguished from the mind. 3. The principal mass of any structure. 4. A thing, a substance. 5. In den- tistry the inner portion of an artificial tooth beneath the vitreous surface. (For terms not found here, see the qualifying word or under corpus.) allox'ur b., xanthin* base, hrass'y b., a dark-colored erythrocyte containing a malarial parasite, brown b., black* spore. «il'iary b., the ciliary processes and muscles taken collectivelj'. . dead b., corpse, demilune' b., see demilune, dentic'ulate b., fascia dentata hippocampi [BNA]. elemen'tary b., platelet. epithe'lial b., parathyroid, fat b. of the cheek, corpus adiposum buccse [BNA]. fat b. of the or'bit, corpus adiposum orbitee [BNA]. for'eign t., anything in the tissues or cavities of the body that has been introduced there from without, and that is not absorbable, fuch'sin b., Russell's* body, glass b., see demilune* body: inclu'sion b., nucleoid, lentic'ular b., nucleus dentatus [BNA]. no-thresh'old b., a substance i n the blood plasma, the presence of which gives rise to no symptoms, ol'ivary b., oliva. pam- pin'iform b., epoophoron [BNA], paranu'clear Ta., attraction sphere, perine'al b., the tissues between rectum and vagina in the female peri- neum, pitu'itary b., hypophysis cerebri, po'- lar b., one of two minute globular masses in the ovum, expelled at the time of impregnation. rice b., corpus oryzoideum. body-cav'ity. Ccelom, the general cavity of the body, consisting of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. bod'y-louse. Pediculus corporis. bod'y-snatch"ing. Robbing a grave of a newly buried corpse for purpose of dissection. Boeck's disease' [Carl Wilhelm Boeck, Norwegian physician, 1808-1875.] A variety of multiple benign sarcoid,* marked by one or more large nodules 'or a number of firm, elastic, reddish papules, sometimes with slight •scaling, with central umbilication, which finally disappear, leaving a pigmented area. B.'s itch or sca'bies, a severe form of scabies observed in Scandinavia, thought to be due to the itch-mite of the wolf contracted by handling the skins of these animals ; scabies crustosa. Boedeker's test (be'da-ker) [Carl Heinrich Detlef Boedeker, German chemist, 1815-1895]. For albumin in the urine ; the urine is acidulated with acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanide is added; if albumin is present a white precipitate forms. Boenninghausen's meth'od (be'ning-how"zen) [C.von Boenninghausen, German physician, nineteenth century.] In homeopathy, the selection of a remedy by a comparison of the elements of the symptoms of the disease and the drug-symptoms without insisting upon an exact correspondence in location, sensation, and modality. Boerhaave's glands (boor'hah-veh) [Hermann Boer- haave, Dutch physician, 1668— 1738.] Sweat glands. Boeme, Texas. Indian Mineral Springs about 3 miles from Boeme. Alkaline-saline waters. Used for drinking in chronic rheiimatism, renal and nervous diseases, malaria, and tuberculosis. Boettcher's canal' (bet'kher) [Arthur Boeticher, German anatomist at Dorpat, 1831— 1889.] A minute canal connecting the utricle and saccule of the internal ear. B.'s cells, a single layer of cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea. B.'s crys'tals, crystals formed in prostatic fluid upon the addition of a one per cent, solution of ammonium phosphate. B.'s gang'lion, a small mass of gray matter on the vestibular branch of the cochlear nerve near its origin. B.'s space, Cotunnius'* space. Boettger's test (bet'ger) [Wilhelm Carl Boettger, German chemist, *i87i.] For glucose: the sus- pected urine, alkalinized by means of sodium bicarbonate, is boiled with bismuth subnitrate; the presence of sugar is indicated by a black precipitate. B.'s test-paper, alkanin paper. bog'bean. Menyanthes. Bogros's space (bog-ro') [Jean Annet Bogros, French anatomist, 1786— 1823.] Retroinguinal space; a triangular space between the diaphragm and the fascia transversalis, at the lower angle of which is the inguinal ligament. boil [properly bile, A.S. byl, a swelling.] Purtmcle. orien'tal b., an infectious ulcer, beginning as a papule which soon enlarges to a nodule or large tubercle and then breaks down into an ulcer; the affection is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and India, as indicated by its various names; Aleppo boil or evil, Biskra button, Delhi boil, Pendjdeh sore, etc. It is a local infec- tion by the Leishman-Donovan bodies, hence called dermal leishmaniasis. bol'din, Boldoglucin, a glucoside from boldus; cholagogue and diuretic, employed in rheumatism and hepatic troubles in doses of gr. 1-3 (o. 06-0 .a). bol'dine. A bitter alkaloid obtained from boldus; hypnotic in doses of gr. 3 (0.2), and local anes- thetic. BOLDO 133 BORAGE bol'do (N.P.)- The leaves of Boldu boldus or Peumus boldus, an evergreen shrub of Chile; employed in hepatic troubles and in genito- urinary inflammations in doses of i!i!4 (0.25) of the N.F. fluidextract. Boldus. Soldo. bole (bol) [G. holos, a lump of clay.] An argillaceous earth or clay; it is found variously colored and is used as a pigment ; it has also been employed medicinally as an astringent. Bole'tus [L.] A genus of mushrooms, common in pine woods, some of the species of -which are edible. Boley gauge (boleh gaj) [after the name of the inventor.] A watch-maker's gauge with milli- meter markings, used by dentists. Bolognini's symp'tom (bo-lon-ye'ne). A feeling of crepitation on gradually increasing pressure on the abdomen in cases of measles. bolometer (bo-lom'e-tur) [G. bole, a throw, a sun- beam + metron, measure.] i. An instrument for measuring the force of the heart beat as distinguished from the blood pressure. 2. An instrument for determining minute degrees of radiant heat. bolus [L.] A very large pill, usually of soft con- sistence, made extemporaneously and to be taken at once. bon'duc-seeds, bon'duc-nuts. The seeds of Guilan- dina bonduc, a tropical shrub growing near the seacoast; antiperiodic and tonic in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6—1.0). bone [A.S. io«.] i. A hard animal tissue consisting of an organic matrix of fibers of collagen im- pregnated with mineral matter, chiefly calcium phosphate and carbonate; the animal matter, or organic matrix, comprises about 33 per cent., the inorganic or mineral matter about 67 per cent., by weight of bone. :i. A portion of bone tissue of definite shape and size, forming a part of the animal skeleton; in man there are 300 distinct bones in the skeleton, not including the ossicles of the tympanum or the sesamoid bones other than the two patellae. A bone consists of an outer layer of dense compact tissue, covered by the periosteum, and an inner loose, spongy tissue; the central portion of a long bone is filled with marrow. (For the several bones of the body see os, or the qualifying word.) ank'le b., astragalus, talus [BNA]. breast b., sternum. car'tilage b., a b. developed from cartilage. cav'alry b., rider's b. coll'ar b., clavicle, der'mal b., a b. formed by ossification of the cutis. epac'tal b.. Wormian b. epipter'ic b., a "Wor- mian b. occasionally present at the pterion or junction of the parietal, frontal, great wing of the sphenoid, and squamous portion of the temporal bones, haunch b., hip b., os coxas [BNA]. in- ca'rial b., os* interparietale, os incffi. inci'sive b., osincisivum. intermax'illary b.,osincisivum. interpari'etal b., os inoae, os* interparietale. jugal b., OS zygomaticum. lentic'ular b., proces- sus lenticularis [BNA]. len'tiform b., os pisi- forme[BNA]. lin'gual b., os hyoideum. mem'- brane b., a b. developed from membrane, penis b., a more or less extensive area of ossification in the corpus cavernosum penis in certain of the lower animals, a vestige of which is occasionally found in man. ping'pong b., the thin shell of osseous tissue covering a giant-cell sarcoma in a bone, pneumat'ic b., hollow b., one containing many air-cells, postul'nar b., os pisi- forme [BNA]. pre-interpari'etal b., a large Wormian* b. occasionally found detached from the anterior portion of the interparietal b. ri'der's b., ossification of the tendon of the adductor longus, following its rupture from strain in horseback riding, ses'amoid b., a b. formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint. sple'nial b., splint b., one of the dermal bones of the primitive head in the embryo. su"pra- interpari'etal b., a Wormian* b. at the posterior portion of the sagittal suture, su'tural b., Wor- mian* b. tympan'ic b., annulus* tympanicus. Worm'ian b., see Wormian. abscess, ostempyesis. absorption, osteoporosis, oste- olysis, osteanabrosis, osteoclasis, brittleness, fragil- itas ossium, osteopsathyrosis, curvature, osteocamp- sia. death, caries, necrosis, osteonecrosis, osteohelco- sis. disease, osteopathy. formation, osteogenesis, osteogeny, ossification, hardening, osteosclerosis, eburnation. indammation, osteitis, ostitis, osteo- myelitis, osteoperiostitis, endostitis. pain, ostealgia, osteocope, osteodynia, osteoneuralgia, regeneration, osteoanagennesis. softening, osteomalacia, osteo- halisteresis, mollities ossium, medullization. tumor, osteoncus, osteoma, osteospongioma, osteosarcoma, exostosis, osteophyma, osteophyte, osteocephaloma, osteocarcinoma, osteocystoma, ulceration, osteohel- cosis, caries. bone-ache (bSn'ak). Osteocopic pain, severe dtdl pain in the bones, usually of syphilitic origin. bone-£ish.- Bone earth. bone-car'tilage. i. Cartilage which becomes ossi- fied to form the cartilage-bones. 2. Ossein. bone-cell. Osteoblast. bone-conduc'tion. Transmission^ of sound-waves through the bones of the head; osteophony. bone-cor'puscle. Osteoblast. bone-earth. The mineral matter obtained by burning or calcining bones. bone'let. Ossicle. bone-oil. Dippel's* animal oil. bone'set. Eupatorium. bone'-setter. An empiric who claims' the natural power of reducing old dislocations, relieving ankylosis, and setting fractures. bone-wax. A mixture of iodoform, 40, spermaceti, 30, and oil of sesame, 30; used in filling bone cavities, by Mosetig*-Moorhof's method. Bonfils' disease' (bawh-fes') [Emile Adolphe Bonfils, French physician, nineteenth century.] Hodg- kin's* disease. Bonhoeffer's symp'tom (bon'hof-er) [Karl Bon- hoeffer, Berlin psychiatrist, *i868.] Loss of the normal muscle tone in chorea. Bonnaire's' meth'od. Digital dilatation of the cervix to facilitate induction of labor. Bonnet's cap'sule (bon-na') [Amad^e Bonnet, French surgeon, 1802-1858.] Tenon's* capsule. B.'s opera'tion, enucleation of the eyeball. Bonnier's syn'drome (bon-e-a') [Pierre Bonnier^ French clinician, *i86i.] Vertigo with inability to stand erect, various oculomotor troubles, pain in the area of the supraorbital nerve, auditory troubles, paroxysmal nausea, thirst, and anorexia, dyspnea, rapid or slow heart action, and various disturbances of secretion, occurring in the early stage of a bulbar lesion. boohoo'. Name formerly given to a fever with malaise, indigestion, and pain in various parts of the body, from which newcomers to the Hawai- i an Islands sometimes suffered. Boophilus (bo-of'i-lus) [G. bous, ox, + phileo, I love.] A genus of ticks infesting cattle; see Margaro-pus. boracic acid (bo-ras'ik as'id). Acidum boricum. bo'racil. An antiseptic powder composed of boric and benzoic acids; acetanilid, and resorcinol. bo'rage. Burrage, bee-bread; the leaves and flowers of Borago officinalis; diuretic and dia- BORAGE 134 BOTHRIOCEPHALUS phoretic in doses of S §— i (2 . 0-4 .0) of a fluid- extract. Boragina'ceee. An order of gamopetalous dicoty- ledonous plants, which includes borage. bo'ral. Borotartrate of aluminum, antiseptic and astringent. bo'ralide. Trade name of an antiseptic dressing said to contain acetanilid and boracic acid. bo'rate. A salt of boracic acid. bo'rated. Noting anything to which borax has been added. bo'rax. Sodii biboras (Br.), sodii boras (U.S.). borboryg'mus, pi. borboryg'mi [G. borborygmos, rumbling in the bowels.] The occurring of noises — rumbling, gurgling, etc. — in the stomach or intestine. Bordet's phenom'enon (bor-da') [J. Bordet, Belgian bacteriologist, contemporary.] Fixation of com- plement ; on the addition of fresh serum to either sensitized blood-cells or sensitized bacteria all the complement, both hemolytic and bacteri- olytic, in the former is removed; see Bordet- Gengou phenomenon. Bordet-Gengou bacillus (bor-da'zhon-goo') . A minute ovoid bacillus supposed to be pathogenic in whooping-cough. B.-G. phenom'enon, fixa- tion of complement occurring in either Bordet's or 'Gengou's phenomenon; see these names. B.-G. test, to determine whether or not a serum contains certain amboceptors; the serum is heated and mixed with fresh normal serum (to furnish complement) and an emulsion of cells the amboceptors of which are to be tested for; after six hours sensitized erythrocytes are added; if now there is no hemolysis it is assumed that the specific amboceptors were present in the serum and appropriated the hemolytic complement. Borgery's lig'ament (bor-zher-e') . Ligamentum popliteum obliquum. bo'ric acid, Acidum boricum. bo'ricin. A mixture of boracic acid and borax. bo'rine. Trade name of a preparation said to con- sist largely of boracic acid with aromatic sub- stances. bo'rism. Symptoms caused by the ingestion of borax or any compound of boron. Borland Mineral Well, W. Va. Alkaline-muri- ated-saline-sulphureted waters. Tonic, used in hepatic, renal, gastric, and intestinal affections. bor'neol. Borneo camphor.* bor'nyval. Borneol isovaleric acid ester; a clear, colorless, aromatic liquid, recommended as a nerve sedative in neurasthenia, hysteria, neural- gia, and neuritis; dose ir[j4-i2 (0.25-0.8). borobo'rax. A mixture of boracic acid and borax. borochloretone (bd-ro-klo're-ton) . An antiseptic dusting powder consisting of a mixture of boracic acid and chloretone. boroflu'orin. Trade name of an antiseptic prepara- tion said to consist of boracic and benzoic acids, sodium fluoride, and formaldehyde. borofor'mal. An antiseptic compound of boracic and formic acids with alumina. bo'rogen. Ethyl borate, boric acid ethyl ester; an inflammable liquid, used by inhalation in catar- rhal affections of the upper respiratory tract. boroglyceride (bo-ro-glis'er-id). Boroglycerin. boroglycerin, boroglyceri'num (bo-ro-glis'er-in) . Glyceryl borate, boroglyceride, a soft mass ob- tained by heating glycerin 46, and boric acid 31, until the weight is reduced to 50; antiseptic, usually employed mixed with equal parts of glycerin, constituting the official glycerite of boroglycerin. boroglycerol (bo-ro-glis'er-ol). Boroglycerin. bo'rol. Borosulphate of potassium or sodium; used as an antiseptic in 20 per cent, solution in doses of 15110-15 (0.6—1.0). borolyp'tol. Trade name of an intestinal antiseptic containing boracic acid. bo'ron. A non-metallic triad element, symbol B. atomic weight 11; occurs as a hard crystalline mass or as a brown powder ; with oxygen it forms boric acid. borophe'nol. A disinfectant mixture of borax and phenol. bo"rophenyric acid. Phenyl boric acid, C,HjB- (OH)2; antiseptic in 1—5000 solution. borosaUcylic acid bo"ro-sal-i-sil'ic as'id). An antiseptic solution containing 4 per cent, each of boracic and salicylic acids. bo'rosol. Trade name of a mixture of boracic, salicylic, and tartaric acids, aluminum tartrate, and glycerin; astringent and deodorant. bor'sal. BorosaUcylic acid. borsal'yl. Sodium borosalicylate, prepared by heating sodium salicylate and boric acid in water; a white soluble powder, employed as an analgesic and antiseptic in rheumatism, pleurisy, chorea, and gout in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). Borsieri's line (bor-sJ-air'e) . A phenomenon similar to the meningitic streak, occurring in scarlet fever. Borthen's opera'tion (bor'ten) [Johan Borthen, Norwegian ophthalmologist, contemporary.] Iri- dotasis. Borthwick Mineral Springs, Canada. lodo-bro- mated-saline waters. Used internally. boss. I . A protuberance, a circumscribed rounded swelling. 2. The prominence of a kyphosis, or humpback. boss'elated. Marked by numerous bosses or rounded protuberances. bossela'tion. 1. A boss. 2. A condition in which one or more bosses, or rounded protuberances are present. Bossi's dila'tor (bos'se) [Luigi Maria Bossi, Italian obstetrician, fipip.] An instrument for rapid dilatation of the cervix uteri; it consists of three or four blunt-pointed metallic rods which can be separated by a registering screw apparatus. Bos'tock's catarrh' [John Bostock, British physician, 1773-1846.] Hayfever. Bos'ton's sign [Leonard Napoleon Boston, Philadel- phia physician, *i87i.] A sign in exophthal- mic goiter, consisting in (i) arrest of descent of the eyelid, (2) spasm, (3) continued descent, occur- ring as the eyeball is rotated downward. bos'tryx [G. a curl.] In botany, a helicoid cyme. Boswell Springs, Oregon Muriated-saline-chalyb- eate-carbonated-sulphureted waters. Two springs. Hepatic disorders, dyspepsia, consti- pation, and chronic malaria. Botal's' duct [Leonardo Botalli, Italian physician in Paris, *IS30.] Ductus arteriosus. B.'s fora'men, the orifice of communication between the two atria of the fetal heart. botan'ic, botan'ical. Relating to botany. bot'any [G. boianion, dim. of boiane, grass.] The science which treats of plants in all their relations. Bothrioceph'alus [G. bothrion, dim. of bothros, a pit or ditch, -|- kephale, head.] A genus of Cestoidea, or tapeworms, called also Dibothrio- cephalus. B. corda'tus, a species common in dogs and man in Greenland. B. la'tus, Tcsnia lata, a large tapeworm of man, found in many parts of Europe, in Japan, and elsewhere in Asia; BOTHRIOCEPHALUS 135 BOUILLY'S OPERATION it often has several thousand segments, broader than long; the head has no sucking discs, but two deep grooves or suckers at the borders. B. linguloid'es or B. man'soni, a species of which only the larval form has been studied; this is fovmd in the subperitoneal connective tissue whence it wanders into the pleural cavity, urin- ary passages, etc. botryoid (bot'ri-oyd) [G. hotryoeides, like a bunch of grapes.] Having numerous rounded protuber- ances resembling a bunch of grapes. Botryomy'ces [G. botrys, a bunch of grapes, + mykes, fungus.] A genus of bacteria or fission fungi. B. e'qui, the specific organism of botryo- mycosis in horses. botryomyco'ina. Granuloma vegetans occurring in botryomycosis, botryomyco'sis. Infection with botryomycetes, marked by the occurrence of masses of nodular growths in the lungs; it affects chiefly horses, but sometimes man. botiyomycot'ic. Relating to or afiEected by botry- omycosis. botryotherapy (bofrl-o-ther'S-pI) [G. botrys, a cluster of grapes, + therapeia, medical treatment.] Grape-cure, a method of treatment of chronic constipation, abdominal plethora, etc., by an ex- clusive or nearly exclusive diet of grapes. Botry'tis [G. botrys, a bunch of grapes] A genus of fungi, growing chiefly on rotten wood. B. bassia'na, a species causing the disease muscar- dine in silkworms. bots, botts [Gael, boiteag, maggot.] The larvae of the botfly of the genus CEstrus, infesting stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse. These larvae may cause certain digestive disorders and colics. Bottini's opera'tion (bot-te'ne) [Enrico Bottini, Italian surgeon, 1837-1903.] The burning of deep channels in the enlarged prostate, by means of an intraurethral galvanocautery, in order to enlarge the orifice and cause subsequent shrink- ing of the middle and lateral lobes of the gland. bottom-disease (bot'om-diz-Sz") [boUom-lands, where the disease prevails.] Poisoning in horses from eating rattlebox, Crotalaria sagittalis. botuUne (bot'u-len). A ptomaine found in sausages and canned meats and vegetables produced by Bacillus botulinus; it is poisonous. bot'ulism [L. botulus, sausage.] Allantiasis; poison- ing by tainted sausage. botulismotox'in. Botuline. boubas (bo-oo'bahs) [native Brazilian word.] Yaws. Bouchard's coefficient (boo-shar') [Charles Joseph Bouchard, Parisian physician, I837-I9IS'] The proportion of solids to fluid in the urine. B.'s disease', myopathic dilatation of the stomach. B.'s nodes, a thickening of the first interphalan- geal joints in cases of dilatation of the stomach. B.'s sign, when the urine contains pus from the kidney, the addition of a few drops of Pehling's solution with shaking will give rise to a number of fine bubbles which raise to the surface the coagulum produced by heating. Bouchardat's test (boo-shar-da') [Apollinaire Bou- chardat, French physician and chemist, 1806- 1886.] For alkaloids: a brown, alcohol-soluble precipitate is formed by the addition of potassium triniodide to a solution of any alkaloid. Boucheron spec'ulum (boosh-rawii') See under ear speculum.* Bouchut's meth'od (boo-shu') [Jean Antome Eugfene Bouchut, Parisian physician, 1818-1891.] Intubation of the larynx, first suggested by Bouchut, but not adopted because of the imper- fection of the tubes employed ; revived independ- ently by O'Dwyer.* B.'s respira'tion, a form of respiration in children with bronchopneumonia, in which expiration is longer than inspiration. B.'s tube, a short cylindrical tube employed in intubation of the larynx. Boudin's law (boo-dan') [Jean Christian Marie Franfois Joseph Boudin, French physician,, 1803— 1867.] An incorrectly assumed antagonism between tuberculosis and malaria. B.'s meth'od, the giving of arsenic in large daily amount, but in small frequently repeated fractional doses. Bougard's paste (boo-gar') [Jean Joseph Bougard, French physician, 18 15-1884.] A cancer paste composed of corrosive sublimate 0.5, arsenic i, cinnabar 5, sal ammoniac 5, wheat flour 60, starch 60, solution of zinc chloride 245. bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr. candle.] A cylindrical in- strument, resembling a sound, usually more or less flexible and yielding, employed in the diag- nosis and treatment of strictures of tubular pas- sages, such as the urethra or rectum. It is sometimes made of a soluble material, contain- ing a medicament, and is used for making local applications to the urethra, etc. b. a boule (boo-zhe' S-bool'), one with a bulbous extremity; also called acorn-tipped, bulbous, olive-pointed, etc. bougienage (boo-zhe-nazh'). Examination or treatment of the interior of any canal by the passage of a bougie or cannula. Bouillaud's disease' (boo-e-yo') [Jean Baptiste Bouillaud, French physician, 1796-1881.] Rheu- matic endocarditis. B.'s tinkle, a metallic clink- ing sound sometimes heard on auscultation, in cases of cardiac hypertrophy, a little to the right of the apex pulsation. bouillon (boo-yawn') [Fr. broth, from bouillir, to boil.] I. A clear beef -tea. 2. A culture medium made by soaking 500 gm. of chopped lean beef in 1,000 c.c. of water, adding 10 gm. powdered peptone, 5 gm. table salt, and 5 c.c. normal sodium hydrate (4 per cent.) solution, boiling, filtering, making alkaline by adding 10 c.c. more of normal sodium hydrate, and again boiling, cal'cium-salt b., a b. to which calcium chloride, carbonate, or sulphate is added; it affords a medium comparable to one containing serum for the cultivation of certain bacteria, carbol'ic b., b. containing i per cent, of phenol, glyc'erin b., ordinary b. to which 5 per cent, glycerin has been added, glu'cose b., made by adding I or 2 per cent, of glucose to sugar-free b., used for culture of gas-producing or acid-forming bacteria. MacCon'key's bile-salt b., a culture medium prepared by the addition of bile-saits and certain sugars to b. man'nite-pep'tone b., a one per cent, mixture of mannite in sugar-free b. Mar'tin's b., a b. prepared by adding to sugar- free b. equal parts of a peptone solution obtained by the digestion of a pig's stomach, ni'trate b., 1 gm. peptone is dissolved in 1000 c.c. water and 2 gm. of nitrite-free potassium nitrate added. Pariet'ti's b., b. containing from i to 3 per cent, of a mixture of 4 c.c. hydrochloric acid in 100 c.c. flve per cent, solution of phenol. Peck'ham's b., a b. made by digesting sugar-free chopped beef with trypsin, sug'ar-free b., b. for culture me- dium, from which the muscle-sugar has been removed by fermentation or other means. Bouilly's opera'tion (boo-e-ye') [Georges Bouilly, Parisian surgeon, ti848.] Excision of a part of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri, BOUILLY'S OPERATION 136 BOWMAN'S CAPSULE leaving a portion at each side to avoid the production of atresia. Bouin's fluid (bwan) [Paul Bouin, French histologist, contemporary.] A hardening fluid consisting of glacial acetic acid 15, formalin 75, saturated aqueous solution of picric acid 225. Boulder Hot Springs, Montana. Saline-chalybeate- stiphuTeted waters, 125° F. to 187° F. Nu- merous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, renal and hepatic diseases, indigestion, constipation, cutaneous diseases, and metallic poisoning. -boulia [G. boule, will.] The deuterotheme in the formation of words referring to the will. bouUmia (boo-lim'S-ah) [G. bous, ox, + limos, hunger.] Bulimia, hyperorexia, a voracious appetite. Boulton's solu'tion. Liquor iodi carbolatus (N.F.). bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.] i. A cluster or bunch of structures, especially of blood-vessels, suggest- ing a bouquet. 2. An agreeable aroma of good wine. Bourbon-l'Archambault, France (boor-bawn"lar- shahm-bo'). Bromo-iodated-saline waters, 125° F. ; alkaline-ferruginous-magnesic waters, 120° to 160° P., highly gaseous. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, tuberculosis, nervous disorders, arthritis deformans, and paralysis. May 15 to September 15. Bourboule, France (boor-bool'). Alkaline-saline- arsenated waters, 118° F. to 130° F. Two principal springs. Used by drinking and bathing in pulmonary affections, arthritis, diabetes, anemia, debility, rheumatism, gout, and cu- taneous diseases. May 25 to September 30. Bourdin's paste (boor-dan') [Claude Etienne Bourdin, French physician, *i8i5.] A caustic paste of sublimed sulphur moistened with nitric acid. Bour'don test. For mental disease; the patient is asked to strike out certain recurring letters or numbers in a standard page, the result and the time required being noted. bourdonnement (boor-dun-moii') [Fr. a droning.] A humming sound. Bourget's test (boor-zha') [Louis Bourget, Swiss pathological chemist, 1856-1913.] Filter paper is impregnated with starch solution and then wet with a 5 per cent, ammonium sulphate solution; if again wet with a solution containing iodine it turns a very deep blue color. boutonniire (boo-ton-yair') [Fr. buttonhole.] An artificially produced slit or buttonhole-like opening in a membrane. Bouveret's disease' (boo-ve-ra') [L. Bouverei, French physician in Lyons.] Paroxysmal tachycardia. B.'s sign, (i) an absence of concordance between the limits of a bilocular stomach as indicated by clapotage and by insufflation; (2) a tumor in the right iliac fossa in cases of obstruction in the colon. Boveri test (bo'vair-e) [Piero Boveri, Italian neurolo- gist, contemporary.] One c.c. of a i-iooo solu- tion of potassium permanganate is gently poured over an equal amount of the suspected cerebro- spinal fluid in a test-tube; an excess of globulin in the fluid is shown by the appearance of a yellow ring at the line of junction and if the tube is shaken all the fluid becomes of a bright yellow color; if the cerebrospinal fluid is normal, the rose-violet color of the permanganate persists. bo'vin [L. bos(bov-), ox.] A modified tuberculous virus more virulent than bovovaccine. bo'vine [L. 6oj(6ot-), ox.] Relating to cattle. bo'vinin. Trade name of a preparation made from bullock's blood with the addition of boric acid and other substances; recommended as a. tonic and in anemia. bovis'ta. A fungus, Lycoperdon bovista, puffball, formerly called fungus chirurgorum, employed locally as a styptic. bovovaccine (bo-vo-vak'sen) [L. bos{bov-), ox, -i- vaccine.] A vaccine against bovine tuberculosis, elaborated by v. Behring. It consists of dried, but still living, tubercle bacilli (trocken-Tb.); it corresponds in virulence to Pasteur's premier vac- cine against anthrax. Bovin, analogous to Pas- teur's deuxiime vaccine, is an attenuated virus, but stronger than bovovaccine. Taurin is an unmodified vinJent tuberculous virus, employed to test and to complete the protection afforded by bovovaccine and bovin. Bovovaccine is harm- less to cattle ; bovin is sometimes, but not always, fatal to unprotected cattle; taurin induces a fatal subacute tuberculosis in unprotected cattle. bo'vril. Trade name of a preparation containing meat extract, glucose and alcohol. Bowden Lithia Springs, Georgia. Alkaline-saline- lithic waters. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, renal and cystic affections, cutaneous diseases, chronic ulcers, and glandular enlargements. Bow'ditch Island ring'worm [one of the Union Islands in Oceanica.] Tinea imbricata. Bow' ditch's law [Henry P. Bowdiich, American phys- iologist, 1840-1911.] Any stimulus, however feeble, which will excite a cardiac pulsation will produce as powerful a pulsation as the strongest stimulus ; " minimal stimuli cause maximal pulsa- tions." bow'el [through the Fr. from L. boiulus, sausage.] The intestine, b. complaint', diarrhea. Bowen's disease' (bo'en) [John T. Bowen, Ameri- can dermatologist, *i857.] Precancerous der- matosis, atypical epithelial proliferation charac- terized by the development of pinkish papules covered with a thick homy layer. bowleg (bo'leg). Bandy-leg, genu* varum. Bowling Alley Spring, Penn. Alkaline-saline-calcic waters. Used internally in hepatic disturbances, abdominal engorgement, chronic constipation, rheumatism, gout, and flatulent dyspepsia. Bow'man's cap'sule [Sir William Bowman, English anatomist, physiologist, and ophthalmologist, 1816-1892.] Capsida glomeruli. B.'s discs, discs resulting from transverse segmentation of striated muscular fiber treated with weak acids, certain alkaline solutions or freezing. B.'s glands, tubu- lar glands, lined with pigmented epithelium, in the olfactory region of the nasal mucous membrane, behind the muciparous glands. B.'smem'brane, the anterior elastic or limiting membrane of the cornea. B.'s mus'cle, musctilus ciharis. B.'s opera'tion, (i) double-needle operation fordilacer- ation of a cataract, two lance-pointed needles being introduced through opposite sides of the cornea, the points meeting in the center of the lens and then being separated by moving the handles toward each other; (2)slitting the canaliculus for the relief of stenosis, to evacuate an abscess of the lacrymal sac, etc. B.'s probe, a double ended probe for the lacrymal duct, the body of the instrument being widened into a shield for con- venience in manipulating. B.'s root, gillenia. B.'s the'ory, that the urine is secreted by simple filtration, influenced by the blood-pressure, in the glomeruli, and also by a principle of selection, not dependent on the blood-pressure, by the epithe- lium of the uriniferous tubules. BOX-NOTE 137 BRADYCARDIA box-note. A hoUow reverberating sound, like that produced by tapping an empty box, heard on percussion of the chest in emphysema. Boyer's bur'sa (bwi-ya') [Alexis, baron Boyer, Parisian surgeon, 1757-1833.] A bursa anterior to the thyrohyoid membrane. B.'s cyst, a sub- hyoid cyst. Boyle's law [Robert Boyle, English chemist, 1627- 1691.] Mariotte's law, the volume of a given quantity of gas varies inversely as the pressure upon it. Bozeman's Position. Boze'man's opera'tion [Nathan Bozeman, American surgeon, 1825-1905.] An operation for the relief of ureterovaginal fistula, the cervix uteri being at- tached to the bladder and opening into its cavity; hysterocystocleisis. B.'s posi'tion, knee-elbow po- sition, the patient being strapped to supports. B.'s spec'ulum, a bivalve vaginal speculum, the long blades of which remain parallel when sep- arated so that the vagina is evenly dilated. Boze'man-Fritsch cath'eter [Nathan Bozeman. Heinrich Friisch.'] A slightly curved double- current uterine catheter with several openings at the tip. Bozzi's fora'men (bot'tse). Macula lutea of the retina. Bozzolo's sign (bot'tso-lo) [Camillo Boszolo, Italian physician, *i845.] Pulsating vessels in the nasal mucous membrane, noted occasionally in thoracic aneurysm. Br. Chemical symbol of bromum, or bromine. brachia. Plural of brachium, arm. brachial (bra'ke-al). Relating to the arm. brachialgia (bra-ke-al'ji-ah) [G. brachion, arm, + algos, pain.] Severe pain in the arm. brachialis (bra-ke-a'lis). See under musculus. brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al'ik) Relating to both arm and head. brachiocrural (bra-ke-o-kru'ral). Relating to both arm and thigh. brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-ku'W-tal). Relating to both arm and forearm. brachiocyllo'sis (bra-ke-o-sil-o'sis) [G. brachion, arm, -+ kylldsis,a.cTodkm.g.'\ Curvature of the humerus. brachiotomy (bra-ke-ot'o-mi) [G. brachion, arm, -I- tome, incision.] Incision into or amputation of an arm, especially removal of the arm of the fetus to allow of delivery. brachium, pl.brachia (bra'ke-um) [L. from G. brach- ion, arm.] i. The arm, specifically the segment of the upper extremity between the shoulder and-the elbow, a. An anatomical structure resembling an arm. b. cerebell'i, b. conjunctivum. _b. cer'- ebri, b. quadrigeminum superius. b. conjuncti'- Tum ante'rius, b. quadrigeminum superius. b. conjuncti'vum cerebelli [BNA], "connecting arm" of the cerebellum, superior cerebellar peduncle, a, band of white fibers emerging from each cerebellar hemisphere and passing upward over the pons, the two converging to form first the sides and then a part of the roof of the fourth ventricle, and finally dipping beneath the quadri- geminal bodies to enter the mesencephalon, b. conjuncti'vum poste'rius, b. quadrigeminum inferius. b. copulati'viim, b. conjunctivum cerebelli [BNA]. b. pon'tis [BNA], arm of the pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, a bundle of the transverse fibers of the pons which passes back- ward and outward on either side into the white substance of the cerebellum, b. quadrigem'inum infe'rius, inferior quadrigeminal b., a band pass- ing from the coUiculus inferior (testis) on either side along the border of the colliculus superior (nates) to the posterior end of the thalamus. b. quadrigem'inum supe'rius, superior quadri- geminal b. , a band passing laterally from the collic- ulus superior (nates) on either side into the sub- stance of the thalamus. brachycardia [brak-e-kar'dl-ah) [G. brachys, short, + kardia, heart.] Bradycardia. brachycephalic (brak-e-sef-al'ik) [G. brachys, short, + kephale, head.] Having a disproportionately short head. Noting a skull with a cephalic index over 80, or an individual with such a skull. Among the brachycephalic races are the American Indians, Malays, and Burmese. brachycephalism (brak-e-sef'al-izm). Shortness of the head; see brachycephalic, brachyceph'alous. Brachycephalic. brachyceph'aly. Brachycephalism. brachycercic (brak-e-sur'sic) [G. brachys, short, + kerkos, tail.] Having a short tail. brachycnemic (brak-e-ne'mic) [G. brachys, short, -f kneme, leg.] Having short legs. brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-til'i-ah) [G. brachys, short, + dakiylos, finger.] Shortness of the fingers. brachydactyl'ic. Having short fingers, relating to brachydactylia. brachyfacial (brak-e-fa'shal). Brachyprosopic. biachygnathia (brak-ig-na'thJ-ah) [G. brachys short, -I- gnaihos, jaw.] Abnormal shortness or recession of the mandible. brachygnathous (brak-ig'na-thus). Having a reced- ing under-jaw. brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro'pJ-ah) [G. brachys, short, -I- metron, measure, 4- ops, eye.] Myopia. brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop'ik). Myopic. brachypodous (brak-ip'o-dus) [G. brachys, short, pous(pod-), foot.] Having short feet. brachjrprosopic (brak-e-pros-o'pik) [G. brachys, short, + prosopikos, facial.] Having a short face. brachyuranic (brak-e-u-ran'ik) [G. brachys, short, + ouranos, roof of the mouth.] Having a palatomaxillary index above 115. bract [L. bractea, a thin metal plate.] A leaf, iisually differentiated, near a flower or in a flower cluster, or from the axil of which a flower springs. bracteole (brak'te-ol) [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea, a thin metal plate.] A small bract on or at the base of a flower-stalk. Bradford Mineral Springs, N. H. Sulphureted- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, diseases of the alimentary tract, urinary disorde s, catarrhal conditions, diseases of women, and ■ cutaneous diseases. May 15 to October 15. bradyacusia (brad"e-a-ku'sl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, + akousis, hearing.] Hardness of hearing. bradysBSthe'sia. Bradyesthesia. bradyarthria (brad-e-ar'thrl-ah) [bradys, slow, + arthron, articulation.] An abnorma,! slowness or deliberation in speech. bradycar'dia [G. bradys, slow, + kardia, heart.] Abnormal slowness of the heart beat, cardio- mus'cular b., b. due to disease of the cardiac BRADYCARDIA 138 BRAND METHOD musculature, cen'tral b., b. due to disease of the central nervous system, essen'tial b., idiopathic b., a slow pulse for which no cause can be dis- covered, no'dal b., that form of b. in which there is no sign of an auricular systole between the ventricular contractions; see nodal rhythm.* postinfec'tious b., a toxic b. occurring during con- valescence from various infectious diseases, such as rheumatism, influenza, etc. bradycine'sia [G. bradys, slow, + kinesis, move- ment.] Extreme slowness in movement. bradycrot'ic [G. bradys, slow, + krotos, a. striking.] Relating to or characterized by a slow pulse, or bradycardia. bradydiastole (brad-e-di-as'to-le) [G. bradys, slow, -I- diastole, dilatation of the heart.] Prolonga- tion of the diastole of the heart. bradyesthe'sia, bradysesthe'sia [G. bradys, slow, -1- aisthesis, sensation.] A retardation in the rate of transmission of sensory impressions. bradyglos'sia [G. bradys, slow, + glossa, tongue.] Bradyarthria. bradylalia (brad-e-la'H-ah) [G. bradys, slow, + lalia, speech.] Bradyarthria. bradylexla (brad-i-lek'si-ah) [G. bradys, slow, + lexis, word, phrase.] Abnormal slowness in reading. bradylo'gia [G. bradys, slow, + logos, word.] Bradyarthria. bradypep'sia [G. bradys, slow, + pepsis, digestion.] Slowness of digestion. bradypha'gia [G. bradys, slow, + phago, I eat.] Extreme slowness in eating. bradyphasia (brad-if-fa'zi-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -t- phasis, speaking.] Bradyarthria, or slowness of speech, especially if due to a cerebral lesion. bradyphrasia (brad-i-fra'zJ-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -|- phrasis, speech.] Bradyphasia. bradypnea, bradypnoea (brad-ip-ne'ah) [G. bradys, slow, + pnoe, breathing.] Abnormal slowness of respiration. bradyspermatism (brad"J-spur'ma-tizm) [G. bradys, slow, + sperma, seed.] Absence of ejaculatory force, so that the serum trickles away slowly. bradysphygmia (brad-i-sfig'mi-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -I- sphygmos, pulse.] Abnormal slowness of pulse, bradycardia. bradytocia (brad-i-to'sl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -H (okos, childbirth.] Tedious labor, slow delivery. bradytroph'ic [G. bradys, slow, + trophe, nourish- ment.] Characterized by sluggish metabolism. bradyuria (brad-i-u'rl-ah) [G. bradys, slow, -|- ouron, urine.] Slow micturition, due either to urethral stricture or other obstruction or to weak- ness of the bladder. Braid'ism [James Braid, English physician, 1795- 1860.] Hypnotism. Brailey's opera'tion [William Arthur Brailey. London ophthalmologist, 1845-1915.] Stretch- ing of the supratrochlear nerve for the relief of pain in glaucoma; a modification of Badal's* operation. brain [A.S. bmgen.'\ Cerebrum, the mass of nervous matter within the cranium. abdom'inal b., solar jJlexus, plexus* cceliacus. acute' soften- ing of the b., embolic or thrombotic apoplexy. af'ter-b., metencephalon. b. ax'is, the central portion of the brain extending from the medulla to the insula, b. man'tle, pallium, cortex, b. pan, cranium, skull, b. stem, the medulla and pons; the rhombencephalon, excluding the cere- bellum, chron'ic softening of the b., a condition of gradual softening of areas of brain tissue caused by progressive thrombosis of the small cerebral arteries, end-b., telencephalon, fore-b., pros- encephalon, hind-b., epencephalon. inter-b., thalamencephalon. litt'le b., cerebellum, mid- b., mesencephalon, red softening of the b., the primary congestive stage of acute suppura- tive encephalitis, smell b., rhinencephalon. thalam'ic b., thalamencephalon. 'tween-b., thalamencephalon. wet b., the cerebral edema of chronic alcoholism. abscess, encephalopyosis, absence, anencephalia, an- encephaly. action, cerebration, anemia, acephale- mia, anencephalemia, anencephaiohemia. compression, encephalothlipsis. congestion, cephalemia, encepha- lemia. disease, cerebropathy, cerebrosis, encephalop- athy, hardening, cerebrosclerosis. hemorrhage, ap- oplexy, encephalorrhagia, hematencephalon. Bemia, cephalocele, encephalocele, exencephalocele, encepha- loma, craniocele, encephalomeningocele, derencephalo- cele. hypertrophy, encephalauxe, macrencephalon. inflammation, oerebellitis, cerebritis, encephalitis phrenitis, encephalomeningitis, meningoenrephaUtis, poliencephalitis, porencephalitis, large, macroenceph- alon, megalencephalon. membranes, meninges, pia mater, leptomeninx, duia mater, pachymeninx, arach- noid, pain, encephalalgia, encephalocynia. small, mjcrenceohalon. softenmg, cerebromalacia, enceph- alodialysis, encephalomalacia, mollities cerebri, tumor, encephalophyma, encephaloma, cerebroma. brain-case. The cranium in its restricted sense, the part of the skull which encloses the brain. brain-fag. Brain-tire. brain -fe'ver. Meningitis; cerebritis. brain-mur'mur. A systolic murmtir, sometimes heard in cases of rickets, with the stethoscope applied to the temporal region. brain-sand. Acervulus, gritty material, consisting of crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate found in the follicles of the pineal body after the sixth or seventh year of life. brain-storm. A violent, but temporary, outburst of maniacal excitement occurring in paranoia. brain-su'gar. Cerebrose. brain-tire. Exhaustion of the mental faculties through overwork of an intellectual character; . encephalasthenia. bran. i. The outer membrane of wheat and other grains, separated from the flour by the process of bolting 2. Unbolted flour. branal'cane. Boroglycerin containing resorcin, colored pink; employed as an external applica- tion in various skin affections. branchia (brang'ke-ah) [G. gills.] The gills, or organs of respiration in flshes. branchial (brang'ke-al). Relating to branchia or gills, b. arch'es, four pairs of curved cartilages near the upper pole of the embryo, separating the b. clefts, b. clefts, lateral openings behind the head in the embryo of man and other vertebrates. branch'ing (bran'ching) [Fr. branche, related to L. brachium, arm. J Dividing into parts ; sending out offshoots; bifurcating, false b., in bacteriology the breaking off of the terminal cell of a thread, which IS then pushed out of the line of growth but continues to grow by fission, as does also what has now become the terminal cell of the thread, so that a running branch is given off. branchiogenous (brang-ke-oj'en-us) [G. branchia, gills + gennao, I produce.] Originating from the branchial arches or clefts. branchiomere (brang-ke-o-mer)' [G. branchia, gills, -I- meros, part.] An embryonic segment corre- spending to one of the visceral arches or clefts branchiomerism (brang-ke-om'er-izm). An arrange- ment into branchiomeres. bran-disease. Rickets in the colt Brand meth'od [Ernst Brand, German physician, 1827-1897.] The systematic giving of baths at S.AND METHOD 139 BREMER'S TEST room temperature or lower every three hours, so long as the rectal temperature exceeds 103° F. (39.4° C.) or the sensorium continues depressed, in typhoid fever. andf s meth'od. Stripping the Fallopian tube by a process of deep massage in cases of pyosalpinx. Etn'dy. Spirifus vini gallici; a spirituous liquor distilled from wine; it contains from 40 to 50 per cent, of alcohol. ■aquehaye's meth'od (brak-a'e) [Jules Pie Louis Braquehaye, French gynecologist, *i865.] Closure of a vesicovaginal fistula by invagination, after vivification, of the vaginal mucous membrane. rasdor's meth'od (brah-dor', usually braz'dawr) [Pierre Brasdor, French surgeon, 1721— 1798.] Treatment of aneurysm by ligation of the artery immediately below (on the distal side of) the tumor; see cut under aneurysm. ash. Acidity of the stomach with eructations of sour, burning fluid; also called water-brash, pyro- sis, weaning b., diarrhea from which the infant may suffer at the time of being weaned. ■ass'-founders' a'gue. Spelter-shakes, a tremor due to chronic zinc poisoning from inhaling fumes of this metal in brass-foundries. ras'sica [A.S. cabbage.] A genus of plants to which belong cabbage, cauliflower turnips, and mustard. ras'sy bod'y. A darkened and shrivelled red cor- puscle invaded by the malignant malarial parasite. rauch-Romberg synip'tom (browkh^rom'berg) [Branch, German neurologist, contemporary; see Romberg.] Swaying of the body when the sub- ject stands with -the feet together and the eyes closed, a sign of ataxia. rauer meth'od (brow'er) [L. Brauer, German phy- sician, contemporary.] The production of arti- ficial pneumothorax in the cure of pulmonary tuberculosis. raiin's hook (brown) [Gustav v. Braun, Viennese obstetrician, 1829-19 11.] A steel hook with sharp concavity, used for decapitation of the fetus. caun's meth'od [Christopher Heinrich Braun, Ger- man physician, *i847.] Determination of free hydrochloric acid in the urine by means of caustic soda and phenolphthalein solution. B.'s test for sugar in the urine; the suspected fluid is heated with a solution of caustic soda until a yellow color is obtained; then a dilute solution of picric acid is added and the mixture is boiled, a red color appearing if glucose is present. raun-Femwald's sign (brown-faim'valt) [Carl v. Braun, Austrian obstetrician, 1823-1891.] Asym- metrical enlargement of the uterus in early pregn&ncy, one side being greater than the other, a perceptible furrow separating the two. raune's canal' (brow'neh) [Christian Wilhelm Braune, German anatomist, 1831-1892.] The parturient canal formed by the uterine cavity, I dilated cervix, vagina, and vulva. ravais-Jacksonian ep'ilepsy (bra-veh'-jak-so'rf-an) [L. F.'Bravais, French physician, igth century.] Jacksonian* epilepsy. rax'ton Hicks' sign. See Hicks' sign. :ax'y. A term applied to various diseases of sheep, from a simple diarrhea to anthrax. raye'ra (N.F.). Cusso, kousso, the dried female inflorescence of Hagenia abyssinica (Brayera atithelmintica), a tree of- the elevated region of Abyssinia, employed as a teniacide in doses of gr. 240 (iS. 0), or B 8 (250 . o) of the N.F. infusion. :ay'erin. A resinous principle of bitter taste obtained from brayera; anthelmintic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). bread. A food preparation made by kneading the flour of some cereal with water to make dough, adding usually some yeast, and baking. break, i. A solution of continuity, fracture. 2. The interruption of an electric current. 3. To divide in two or into a number of parts. break'bone fe'ver. Dengue. break' down. In the horse, rupture of the suspen- sory ligament in consequence of which the fetlock falls, the toe pointing upward and the sole looking forward. breast [A.S. breorf.] 1. The chest, .i. The mamma, mammary gland, bro'ken b., abscess of the mammary gland, caked b., stagnation mastitis.* chick'en b., pectus carinatum. fun'nel b., a hollow at the lower part of the chest, caused' by a backward displacement of the xiphoid cartilage, gath'ered b., abscess of the mamma. hyster'ical b., a painful swelling of the mamma, due to no definite or permanent lesion, ir'ritable , b., swelling and induration of the breast, not due to a neoplasm, and usually of comparatively brief duration, pig'eon b., pectus carinatum. wand'- ering b., mamma erratica. abscess* galactopostema, abscessus. lacteus. absence, amastia, amazia. atrophy, 'mastatrophia, mastatropliy , disease, mastopathy, fistula, mastosyrinx.' fixation, mastopexy, mazopexy. , hemorrhage, mastorrhagia,; hypertrophy, mastauxe, hypermastia, ^ macromastia, macromazia, barymazia. infiammation,^ mastitis, mammitis, mastadenitis. pain, mammalgia.-^lnastal- gia, mastodynia, mazodynia. tumor, inastoncus, mastadenoma, mastoscirrhus, mastocarcinoma, ga'lac- tocele. breast'pang. Angina pectoris. breast-pump. A suction apparatus, usually of glass with a rubber bulb at the extremity, for withdraw- ing an excess of milk from the breast. breath (breth) [A.S. 6riE Cereus grandiflorus, night- blooming cereus; recommended as a heart tonic and as a substitute for digitalis in doses of 1110— IS (0.5—1.0) of the N.F. tincture, or of ni;2-4 (o . 12-0 . 25) of the fiuidextract, cacu'men, pi. cacumina [L. summit.] i. The top or apex of anjrthing — of a plant or an anatomical structure, .i. The anterior portion of the superior vermis of the cerebellum, culmen [BNA]. cacu'minal. Relating to the top or apex of any- thing, c. lobe, folium* vermis, superior semi- lunar lobe of the cerebellum. cadaver, pi. cadav'era (kS-daVur) [L. cadere, to fall.] A dead body, corpse. cadaver'ic. Relating to a. dead body. cadav'erine. A ptomaine, CgHisN^, formed during putrid decomposition of the human body, a heavy, foul-smelling liquid. cadaT'erous. Having the pallor and appearance of a corpse. cade oil. Oleum cadinum. Cadet's fuming liquor (k3.-da') [Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt, French chemist, 1731-1799.] Aloarsin, the product of distillation of a mixture of equal parts of potassium acetate and arsenous acid. cad'mium. A metallic element, symbol Cd, atomic weight 1 1 1. 6, resembling tin in appearance and zinc in its chemical relations. Its salts are poisonous and little used in medicine, c. i'odide, Cdlj, used externally in ointment in the treatment of chronic skin diseases, glandular enlargements, and chronic arthritis; unguentum cadmii iodidi was formerly official in the B.P. c. sal'icylate occtu:s in colorless tablets; it has been used in the treatment of purulent ophthalmia, c. sul'- phate occurs as colorless j-hombic cry.stals; it is an irritant astringent and has been employed locally in the treatment of gonorrhea and corneal opacities, in solutions of gr. i in g 1-4. CaDTe. Cathodal duration tetanus, a tetanic contraction occurring on application of the cathode or negative pole; while the circuit is closed. cadu'cous [L. cadere, to fall.] Deciduous; in botany, falling early, noting the sepals or petals which fall before or at the time of flowering. cse'citas [L.] Blindness. cse'cum. Cecum. cse'cus mi'nor ventric'uli. The cardiac portion of the stomach. casmen'tum. Cementum. caesa'rean, caesa'rian. Cesarean csesium (se'zl-um). Cesium. eaf'fea [L.] Coffee. caffeic (ka,-fe'ik). Relating to coffee, c. acid, CjHjOj, obtained from caffeotannic acid by precipitation, occurs in straw-colored crystals. caffeina (kS-fe-e'nah). (U.S. and Br.) Caffeine, theine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of Thea sinensis, tea, or the dried seeds of Coffea arabica, coffee, occurring in white silky needles; employed in cardiac weakness, neuralgia, and headache in doses of gr. ^-2 (0.03-0.13). c. citra'ta (U.S.), citrated caffeine, caffeinas citras (Br.), caffeine citrate, a mixture of equal parts of caffeine and citric acid, dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). c. citra'ta efferves'cens (U.S.), caffeinse citras effervescens (Br.), effervescent citrated caffeine, a coarse granular white powder, containing sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid, and 4 per cent, of citrated caffeine; effer- vesces when put into water; dose, 5 1—4(4.0-15.0). caffei'nae sodioben'zoas (U.S.), caffeine sodio- benzoate; a mixture of equal parts of sodium benzoate and caffeine; employed to meet the indication of caffeine in doses of gr. 2-3 (o. 13- 0.2). caffei'nee sodiosalicy'las (N.F.), caffeine sodiosalicylate; a mixture of sodium salicylate and caffeine; employed for the relief of headache and neuralgia in doses of gr. 2-3 (o. 13-0. 2). caffeine (ka'fe-en). The alkaloidal active prin- ciple of coffee, tea, guarana, mat^, and kola; it is identical with theine and guaranine acid; see caffeina. caffeinism (kaf'e-en-izm). Chronic coffee-poison- ing, characterized by palpitation, dyspepsia, irritability, and insomnia. cafi'eol. Caffeone, CjHi„02, an aromatic oil obtained by roasting coffee, probably the methyl ether of saligenin; the coffee aroma is believed to be due to this substance. cafi'eone. Caffeol. caff'eotann'ic acid. Chlorogenic acid, an amor- phous gum-like acid from coffee, yielding caffeic acid by precipitation with baryta and salts of lead. Cagot ear (kS-go') [name of a degenerate race in the Pyrenees among whom physical stigmata are common.] An auricle having no lobulus. cahin'ca root. The root of Chiococca brachiata and of C. alba, plants of tropical America ; tonic, diuretic, and purgative; dose,gr. 20—60 (1.3—4.0) as a diuretic. ca'hincin. Cahincic acid, occurs in the form of white silky needles, of very bitter taste; diuretic and purgative in doses of gr. 2—4 (o. 13-0. ^5). CaHgO^. Calcium hydroxide, slaked lime. caincic acid (ka-in'sik). Cahincin. cainotophobia (ki-not-o-fo'bi-ah) ' [G. kainotes, novelty, + phobos, fear.] Neophobia, morbid dread of anything new or novel. caisson disease' (ka'son) [caisson, Fr.. caisse, a box; a water-tight box or cylinder containing air under high pressure, used' in sinking piers for bridges, etc.] A symptom-complex occurring in tunnel workers and others working in places under high air pressure when they return too sudderdy to the normal atmosphere; it is- marked by headache, pain in the epigastrium and the extremities, vertigo, dyspnea, coughing, nau- sea and vomiting, and paralysis; called also the bends, diver's paralysis, tunnel disease. Cajal's cells (kah-hahl') [Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Spanish anatomist, *i852.] Nerve cells of the superficial (molecular) layer of the cerebral cortex, having several neuraxons. C.'s stain for nerve cells and fibers, potassium bichromate solution, 3 parts ; i per cent, osmic acid solution, 25 parts; distilled water, to make 100 parts; the nerve cells and their processes stain a deep black, the neuroglia cells a reddish black. caj'eput, caj'uput [Malay, white tree.] See oleum cajuputi. cajeputene (kaj'e-pu-ten). Dipentene, a substance found in ethereal oil of cajeput. caj'eputol. I. Eucalyptol. 2. Oleum cajuputi. caj'uput. Oleum* cajuputi. caksesthe'sia, cakesthe'sia [G. kakos, bad, 4- aisthesis, feeling.] Malaise. Cal'abar bean [Calabar, a region in West Africa.] Physostigma. C. swell'ings, an eruption of CALABAR BEAN 152 CALCIUM transient circumscribed edema, affecting the natives in Calabar and other parts of West Africa, accompanied by soreness and heat or itching; they recur at irregular intervals for months or years, and are believed to be due to the presence of Filaria loa in the subcutaneous tissues. calabarine (kal'a,-bar-en) . A liquid alkaloid from physostigma, antagonistic in certain respects to physostigmine. calage (kal-azh') [Fr. wedging.] Wedging the body in the berth by means of pillows, in order to prevent rolling in case of seasickness. calamina prseparata (kal-ah-me'nah pra-par- ah'tah). (N.F.) Prepared calamine, lapis cal- aminaris, native zinc carbonate prepared by calcination and elutriation; a pinkish powder; employed as a dusting powder. calamine (kal'i-min). Zinc carbonate, ZnCO,. prepared' c, calamina prasparata. silic'eous c, native hydrous zinc silicate Zn2Si04. cal'amus [L. reed, a pen.] The dried unpeeled rhizome of Acorus calamus, sweet flag; aromatic and stomachic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). c. scripto'rius, writing pen, inferior part of the rhomboid fossa, the narrow lower end of the floor of the fourth ventricle between the two clavas. cal'cuhth. A proprietary remedy for rheumatism and uric acid conditions, consisting of calcium carbonate, colchicine, and lithia. calcaneo-astrag'aloid. Relating to the calcaneus, or OS calcis, and the astragalus, or talus. calca"neoca'vus. See under talipes. calca"neocu'boid. Relating to the calcaneus and the cuboid bone. calca"neonavic'ular. Relating to the calcaneus and the scaphoid bone, or os naviculare. calca"neoscaph'oid. Calcaneonavicular. calca"neotib'ial. Relating t6 the calcaneus and the tibia. calca'neum. Calcaneus. calcaneus, gen. calca'nei (kal-ka'ne-us) [L. relating to the calx or heel.] i. [BNA] Heel-bone, os calcis; the largest of the tarsal bones; it forms the heel and articulates with the cuboid ante- riorly and the astragalus above. 2. Talipes* calcaneus. cal'car [L. spur, cock's spur.] A spur-like process. c. a'vis, hippocampus minor, the lower of two elevdtions on the inner wall of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, caused by the proximity of the bottom of the calcarine fissure, c. femora'le, Bigelow's septum, a bony spur springing from the under side of the neck of the femur above and anterior to the lesser trochanter, adding to the strength of this part of the bone. t. pe'dis, heel, calx [BNA]. calua'rea. Lime, calx.* c. carbon'ica, a homeo- pathic preparation from the white middle layer of the oyster shell, given in scrofula, sweating of the feet, rickets, acid dyspepsia, gallstone colic, and night sweats, in doses of the 6th to aooth potencies, c. chlorina'ta, calx chlorinata. c. fiuor'ica, a homeopathic preparation of fluor- spar, used in bone tumors, cataract, and varicose veins in doses of the 3X to i2x potencies, c. ostrea'rum, c. carbonica. c. phosphor'ica, pre- cipitated calcium phosphate, a homeopathic preparation, recommended in bone diseases, rickets, tuberculosis, leucorrhea, and rheumatism in doses of 3X to 12X potencies, c. us'ta, quick- lime, calcium oxide. calca'reous. Chalky, relating to or containing lime. c. metas'tasis, the deposit of calcareous material in remote tissues in case of extensive resorption of osseous tissue , in caries, malignant growths, etc c. degenera'tion or infiltra'tion, calcification. cal'carine. Relating to the calcar ; spur-shaped. calcariuria (kal-kar-i-u'rJ-ah) . Excretion of lime salts in the urine. cal'cic. Relating to lime. calclcosis (kal-sl-ko'sis). Pneumonoconiosis from the inhalation of limestone dust; marble-cutter's phthisis. cal'cidine. Trade name of a preparation of calcium and iodine; recommended for catarrhal laryn- gitis in children in doses of gr. J-i (0.02-0.06). calcifica'tion [L. calx, lime, + facere, to make.] The deposition of insoluble salts of calciiiin or mag- nesium, especially calcium carbonate or phos- phate, in weakened or degenerated tissues; petri- faction, calcareous infiltration or degeneration. c. lines, accretion* lines. calcigerous (kal-sij'er-us) [L. calx{calc-), Ume, -|- gerere, to bear.] Containing lime; producing any of the salts of calcium. calcimeter (kal-sim'e-tur) [L. calcium + G. metron, measure.] A device for estimating the amount of calcium in the blood. Blair Bell's c. is a gradu- ated pipette in which a mixture is made for determining the calcium index (see BelVs* method. calcina'tion [L. calcinare, to make lime.] The operation of calcining. calcine (kal'sin, kal'sin). To expel water and ani- mal matter by heat; to roast metals, bones, etc., reducing them to a powder or a friable condition. calciphilia (kal-sl-fil'l-ah) [L. calx (calc-), lime, -1- G. philia, friendship.] An afiinity for lime salts cir- culating in the blood, hence a tendency to calci- fication. cal'cium [L. calx{calc-), chalk.] A metallic dyad ele- ment, of a lustrous yellow color, symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.09, The oxide of calcium is an alkaline earth, CaO, quick lime, which on the addition of water becomes calcium hydrate, Ca(OH),, slaked lime. Several of the salts of calcium are em- ployed in medicine, cal'cii benzo'as, calcium benzoate, in colorless efflorescent crystals, soluble in 20 parts of water, employed as an internal antiseptic and in albuminuria, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). cal'cii betanaph'thol sul- pho'nas, calcium betanaphthol sulphonate, a reddish-white powder, used in rheumatism, gout, and neuralgia in doses of gr. s— ^5 (°-3— i-o). cal'cii bc'ras, calcium borate, a white insoluble powder, applied locally for bums, moist eczema, etc., and given internally for the diarrhea of children in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). cal'cii bro'midum (U.S.), calcium bromide, a white deliquescent granular salt, employed to meet the same indications as potassium bromide, in doses of gr- 5-30 (° • 3-2 • o). cal'cii car'bidum, calcium carbide, occurs in blackish crystalline lumps; when in contact with water it yields acetylene gas; has been used locally to check fetor and discharge in cancer of the uterus, cal'cii carbo'- nas prscipita'tus (U.S.), precipitated calcium carbonate, creta ptsecipitata, precipitated chalk, a fine white impalpable powder, employed in diarrhea as an antacid in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6- 2.0). cal'cii chlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.), calcium chloride, occurs as translucent inodorous, deliques- cent masses, of a sharp, bitter, saline taste; used to increase the coagulability of the blood in hemo- philia and purpura, in doses of gr. 2-15 (o. 13-1.0). cal'cii glycerophos'phas (U.S.), a white crystal- line powder soluble in 20 parts of water; em- CALCIUM I S3 CALEFACIENT ployed as a nerve tonit in doses of gr. 3—10 (0 . 18-0 .6). c. group, the metals of the alkaline earths, three of the basylous elements, calcium, strontium, and barium, cal'cii hippu'ras, cal- cium hippurate, said to be a solvent of uratic gravel and calculi in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3-1.3). cal'cii hypophos'phis (U.S. and Br.), calcium hy- pophosphite, occurring as a white crystalline powder or in colorless transparent scales; em- ployed in rickets, incipient tuberculosis, and other manifestations of defective nutrition, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). c. in'dex, see under Bell's* method, cal'cii io'das, calcinol, a tasteless odorless powder, employed as a dusting powder and in lotion and ointment as an anti- septic and deodorant, cal'cii iod'idum, calcium iodatum, calcium iodide, ha.s been recommended in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 1—4 (0.06-0.25). cal'cii lac'tas (U.S.), calcium lactate, occurs in white crystalline masses, soluble in 10 parts of water; employed in rickets- in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). cal'cii lactophos'phas (N.F.), cal- cium lactophosphate, a mixture of calcium lac- tate, calcium acid lactate, and calcium acid phosphate, a white granular powder, soluble in water; employed in tuberculosis and other wast- ing diseases in doses of gr. 5-10 (o . 3-0 . 6). cal'- cii perman'ganas, calcium permanganate, an in- testinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 2~i| (0 .03-0 .1). cal'cii peroz'idum, calcium peroxide, gorit, em- ployed in acid dyspepsia and as an intestinal antiseptic, in doses of gr. 3—10 (0.2—0.6). cal'cii phos'phas prsecipita'tus (N.F.), cal'cii phos'phas (Br.), precipitated calcium phosphate, a white amorphous powder, used for the same purposes as calcium hypophosphite, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2 . o). cal'cii sac'chsiras, calcium saccharate, employed as an antacid in dyspepsia and flatu- lence in doses of gr. 7J-30 (0.5-2.0), and as an antidote in carbolic acid poisoning in dose of 32-5 (S. 0—20.0). cal'cii salicy'las, calcium salicylate, a white insoluble crystalline powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic in gastroenteritis in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). cal'cii santo'nas, calcium santonate, anthelmintic in doses of gr. i-ij (0.03-0.1). cal'cii sul'phas exsicca'tus, dried calcium sulphate, dried gypsum, plaster of Paris; used for making plaster splints and other fixed dressings, cal'cii sul'phidum cru'dum (U.S.), crude calcium sulphide, calx sulphurata, sulphurated lime; a light grayish powder having a faint odor of hydrogen sulphide, employed in the treatment of boils and acne in doses of gr. J-i (0.03—0.06), and externally as an applica- tion to scabies and ringworm, cal'cii sul'phis, calcium sulphurosum, calcium sulphite, a white powder used as an intestinal antiseptic, and locally in the treatment of parasitic skin diseases' calcoglob'uUn. A combination of an albuminate with a calcium salt, supposed to be the form in which lime salts are deposited in the bones and in areas of calcareous degeneration. cal'coid [L. calx{calc-), lime, -I- G. eidos, resem- blance.] A neoplasm of the tooth-pulp. calcophorous (kal-kof'or-us) [L. calx(calc-), lime, -f- G. phoros, bearing.] Calcigerous. calcospherite (kal-ko-sfe'rit) [L. calx, lime, + G. spaira, sphere.] One of a number of very small concentric calcareous bodies (composed of cal- coglobulin) found in nervous tissue, tumors, the thyroid, the prostate, and elsewhere. calcreose (kal'kre-oz) . Trade name of a prepara- tion said to contain 50 per cent, pure beechwood I creosote; recommended in bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and gastrointestinal infections. cal'culary. Relating to a calculus or calculi. cal'culous. Relating to calculi. calculus, gen. and pi. cql'culi (kal'ku-lus) [L. a pebble.] A concretion formed in any portion of the body, usually (except in the case of gallstones) formed of inorganic matter, often deposited around a minute fragment of organic material, the nucleus, arthrit'lc c, chalkstone, a gouty de- posit of urates in or near a joint, au'ral c, inspissated cerumen in the external auditory meatus, bil'iary c, gallstone, a concretion, chiefly of cholesterin, formed in a bile duct or the gall- bladder, blood c, phlebolith; a calculus formed in a thrombus, cor'al c, a large kidney stone moulded to the pelvis with branches filling the calyces, dendrit'ic c, coral t. den'tal c, (i) tartar; (2) serumal i;. fu'sible c, one composed of ammoniomagnesian phosphate and calcium phosphate, hematogenet'ic c, serumal c. he'mic c, blood, c. hemp'seed c, a small urinary c. of calcium oxalate forming, when multiple, gravel. intes'tinal c, a concretion in the bowel, either a coprolith or an enterolith, mul'berry c, a hard, dark brown or gray, usually nodulated con- cretion in the bladder, composed chiefly of calcium oxalate, na'sal c, rhinolith. pancreat'- ic li., a concretion usually multiple, in the pan- creatic duct, consisting of calcium carbonate and phosphate with organic matter, prostat'ic c, one formed^'in the prostate, usually phosphatic. pulp c, pulp-nodtile. re'nal c, stone in the kid- ney, a concretion, usually of uric acid, calci\un oxalate, or phosphates, in the kidney, sal'ivary c, (i) a c. in a salivary duct; (2) tartar of the teeth, se'rumal c, hematogenetic c, a greenish or dark brown deposit on the roots of the teeth in pyorrhea alveolaris. ton'sillar c, amygdalo- lith, tonsillolith, a calcareous concretion in the substance of the tonsil, u'rinary u., a c. in the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra, u'terine c, womb-stone, a calcareous concretion in the uterus, ves'ical c, stone in the bladder; a urinary i;. formed or lodged in the bladder articular, arthrolith, chalkstone. biliary, gallstone! cholelith, hepatolith, calculus fellei. bladder, vesica, calculus, stone in the bladder, cystolith. blood, hemo- lith, hematoUth, angiolith (in vessel), arteriolith (in artery), phlebolith (in vein), cuta'neous, milium. gastric, gastrolith. heart cavity or wall, cardiolith. intestinal, enterolith, joint, arthrolith, chalkstone. lacrymal, tearstone, dacryolith. nasal, rhinolith. preputial, postholith. prostatic, prostatoKth. pul- monary, pneumolith.i tonsillar, amy gdalolith. urinary, nephrolith, renal calculus, ureteral calculus, cystolith, vesical calculus, urethral calculus, uterine, womb- stone, hysterolith. Caldani's lig'ament (kahl-dah'ne) [Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani, Italian anatomist, 1725— 1813.] A ligament arising from the internal border of the coracoid process and passing inward; it divides into two fasciculi, the upper one of which is attached to the under surface of the clavicle, the lower to the upper edge of the first rib. Caldwell-Luc opera'tion (kawld'wel-liik) [Henry Lac, French laryngologist, *i8S5.] Opening into the antrum of Highmore through the anterior wall, the primary incision being made in the supradental fossa opposite the second or third molar tooth. Caledo'nia Springs, Canada. Carbonated-saline wa- ters. Used for drinking. June to October. calefacient (kal-e-fa'shent) [L. calere, to be warm, + facere, to make.] i Making warm or hot. 2. An agent causing a sense of warmth in the part to which it is applied. CALENDULA 154 CALOT'S MtVl'tiVU calen'dula [L. Calender, the first day of the month, the plant flowering nearly every month.] (N.F.) The dried florets of Calendula ofjicinalis, marigold; employed chiefly externally as an application to sprains and bruises. calen'dulin. A yellow amorphous neutral principlt in calendula. calentura (kal-en-too'rah) [Sp. from L. calere, to be hot.] A mild ephemeral or continued fever of tropical countries, often called by the natives of the English-speaking tropics, a "cold"; thermic fever. i calenture (kal'en-tur). Calentura. calf, pi. calves (kaf or kahf) [Gael, kalpa.] The muscular swelling of the back of the leg, formed chiefly by the bellies of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, gnome's c, the very full rounded calf occurring in pseudohypertrophic paralysis affecting the gastrocnemius muscles. calf-bone. Fibula. cal'iber, cal'ibre. The diameter of a canal, such as the esophagus or urethra. calibrate. To measure the diameter of a canal. cal'ibrator. An instrument for measuring the diameter of a tube or canal. caliculus (kal-ik'u-lus) [L. dim. of oalix, a cup.] Calyculus. c. ophthal'micus [BNA], optic cup, the secondary ocular vesicle made cup-shaped by the pressure of the lenticular vesicle. Califor'nian Geysers, Cal. Very great variety of mineral waters, 70° F. to 212° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rheufeatism, gout, arthritis, synovitis, tuberculous affections, cu- taneous disorders, syphilis, hepatic and intestinal affections, malaria, anemia, glandular affections, and many other diseases. Califor'nia Seltzer Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline- calcic-carbonated waters, 57° F. Acid dys- pepsia, constipation, and cystitis. caliga'tion. Caligo. caligo (kal-i'go) [L. darkness.] Dimness of vision. calisa'ya. Yellow cinchona, the bark of Cinchona f-ava. Calisto'ga Springs, California. Saline-sulphureted waters, 75° F. to 186° F. Twenty or more springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, syphilis, etc. ca'lix. Calyx. Call'away'a proof [Thomas Callaway, English physi- cian, nineteenth century.] In dislocation of the humerus the measurement over the acromion and through the axilla is greater on the injured side. Calleja's islets (kahl-ya'hahz i'lets.) Groups of pyramidal and stellate cells in the cortex of the gyrus hippocampi. callisec'tion [L. callus, hard (insensitive), + seciio, a section.] Vivisection of an anesthetized animal; the opposite of sensisection. Callisen's operation (kal'-e-sen). [Heinrich CalUsen, Danish surgeon, 1740-1824.] Lumbar colostomy in the descending colon for the formation of an artificial anus. Call'ison's flu'ld [James G. Callison, New York physician, *i873.] A diluting fluid for counting red blood cells, composed of Loeffler's alkaline methylene blue, i ; liquor f ormaldehydi, i ; glycerin, 10; ammonium oxalate (neutral), j; sodium chloride, 2.5; distilled water, 90. The various ingredients are added to the distilled water and allowed to stand until solution occurs. After being filtered, the preparation is ready to use. callo'sal. Relating to the corpus callosum. callos'itas, callos'ity [L. callosus, thick-skinned,] Callus, tyloma, keratoma, a circumscribed thick- ening of the epidermis as a result of friction or intermittent pressure. callosomarginal (ka-lo"so-mar'ji-nal). Relating to the corpus callosum and the marginal gyrus, not- ing the sulcus between them. callo'sum [L. callosus, hard.] Corpus callosum. callous (kal'us). Relating to callus or to a callosity; thick-skinned, hard. cal'lus [L. hard skin.] i. Callosity. 2. The hard bone-like substance thrown out between and around the ends of a fractured bone, cen'tral c, the provisional ^. within the medullary cavity. definitive c, the u. between the fractured bone which becomes converted into osseous tissue. ensheath'ing c, the mass of provisional c. around the outside of the bone, interme'diate c, defini- tive c. per'manent c, definitive c. pin c, provisional c. occupying the medullary canal. provis'ional c, the c. thrown out as nature's splint to keep the ends of the bone in apposition; it is absorbed after union is complete, tem'porary c, provisional c. cal'mative. i. Quieting, sedative 2. An agent which quiets excitement, a sedative. Calmette' test [Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist, *i863.] See conjunctival* reaction. calmine (kal'min). Trade name of a compound of sodium and diethylbarbituric acid, employed as an antispasmodic and hypnotic. calolactose (kal-o-lak'toz). Trade name of an in- testinal disinfectant composed of calomel, bis- muth subnitrate, and sugar of milk. cal'omel [derivation uncertain.] HydrargjTi chlori- dum mite, colloid' al c, calomelol. cal'omelol. Colloidal calomel; a soluble compound of calomel with albumin, occurring as a grayish powder; used for the same purposes and in the same doses as calomel, and also as a dusting powder and in ointment. ca'lor [L.] Heat; one of the four classical signs of inflammation: calor, rubor, tumor, dolor. calorescence (kal-or-es'ens). The heating to in- candescence of a body by the convergenc upon it, by means of a lens, of the invisible heat rays. calor'ic. ±. Relating to a calory. 2. Relating to heat. 3. Heat. calorie (kal'o-re). Calory. Calori's bur'sa (kah-law're) [Luigi Calori, Italian anatomist, 1807-1896.] A bursa between the arch of the aorta and the trachea. calorifacient (kal-or-I-fa'shent) [L. calor, heat, + facere, to make.] Producing heat. calorific [L. calor, heat, -I- facere, to make.] Calori- facient. c. cen'ter, heat-center. calorim'eter [L- calor, heat, + G. meiron, measure.] An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat which a body gives off under varying conditions. calorimetry (kal-or-im'e-trl). The measurement in calories of the amount of heat given off by a body under varying conditions. calory (kal'o-re) [L. calor, heat.] The heat unit em- ployed in the study of metabolism ; it is the amount of heat required to raise a kilogram of water from zero to 1° C. This is sometimes called the large calory or kilocalory, to distinguish it from the original or small calory, which is the amount of heat necessary to raise one gram of water one degree Centigrade. Calot's meth'od (ka-lo') [Francois Calot, French sur- geon of Berck-sur-Mer, *i86i.] Forcible reduc- tion of the gibbosity in Pott's disease, by extension and counterextension and direct pressure, and retention of the spine in a straight position by means of a plaster jacket. CALOTROPIS ^SS CAMMIDGE REACTION calot'Topis [G. kalos, beautiful, +tropis, keel of a ship.] (B.A.) Mudar, yercum, the inner bark of the root of Calotropis procera and C. giganiea, shrubs of southern Asia; tonic and alterative in doses of gr. 3-10 (o. 2-0.6), emetic in doses of 34~i (2. 0-4.0). cal'ox. A dentifrice containing calcium peroxide. cal'sa. Trade name of a preparation of agar-agar employed in the treatment of constipation. calum'ba (U.S.). Columbo, the dried root oljateor- rhiza palmata, a tall climbing vine of East Africa; used as a bitter tonic in doses of gr. 15-60 (i . 0-4 . o) in decoction. cal'umbin. An amaroid, CjiHjjO,, from calumba, occurring in colorless needles and prisms; it is upon the presence of this that the bitterness of the crude drug depends. calva'ria, gen. and pi. calvaries [L. a skull.] Skull- cap; skull, craniimi. calva'rism. Relating to the skull-cap. u. hook, an instrument used in prying oil the top of the skull after it has been sawn round, at autopsies and dissections. calva'rium. Calvaria. Calve-Perthes disease (kal-va'per'tas) [Jacques Calvi, French orthopedic surgeon, contempor- ary: Georg Clemens Perthes, German surgeon, *i869.] liegg's disease, an obscure non- tuberculous affection of the hip-joint in young children; called also osteochondritis deformans juvenilis coxae. calvities (kal-vish'e-ez) [L calvus, bald.] Alopecia, baldness. cal'vity. Calvities. calx, gen. cal'cis [L. limestone.] (U.S. and Br.) i. Lime, calcium oxide, an alkaline earth occurring in grayish-white masses (quicklime) which on exposure to the air become converted into a white ; ■' powder of calcitim hydrate and calcium carbonate (air-slaked lime) ; the addition of water to calcium .oxide produces calcium hydrate or slaked lime. 2. [BNA], the heel. c. chlorina'ta (U.S. and Br.), chlorinated lime, incorrectly^ called "chlo- ride of lime," in white friable lumps or powder made by the action of chlorine on calcium hydroxide; disinfectant and deodorant, c. sul- phura'ta (Br.), sulphurated lime, oalcii sul- phidum crudum (U.S.). c. us'ta, burnt lime, quicklime, caustic lime, unslaked lime. t. vi'va, [L. vivus, living], c. usta. calycine (kal'i-sin). Relating to, of the nature of, or resembling a calyx. calycle (kal'i-kl). Calyculus. calyculus (k&-lik'u-lus) [L. dim. from G. calyx, the cup of a flower.] Calycle; (i) in botany, an accessory calyx; (2) in anatomy a bud-shaped or cup-shaped structure, resembling the closed calyx of a flower, c. gustato'rius, taste bud, one of a number of flask-shaped cell-nests around the circumference of the vallate papillas in the tongue; they consist of supporting cells and gustatory cells; the latter are found in the center of the bud and terminate in fine fila- ments, the gustatory hairs. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (k^-lim'S-to- bak-te'ri-um gran-u-lo'ma-tis) [G. kalymma, hood, veil, + bakterion, rod, + granuloma.] A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-bearing, eapsulated, rod-shaped organism (polymorphic under cultivation), found in ulcerating granu- loma of the pudenda and believed to be the pathogenic agent in this affection. calyptra (kS-lip'trah) [G. kalyptra, a veil.] A hood- like covering of the capsule of mosses, formed from the ruptured venter of the archegonium. ca'lyx, pi. cal'yces [G. the cup of a flower.] 1. The outer leaflets forming the perianth of a flower. ■^. Infundibulum ; one of the branches or recesses of the pelvis of the kidney into which the orifices of the Malpi'ghian pyramids project. cam'biform. Resembling the cambium, noting the parenchymatous tissue on either side of the cambium. cam'bium [L. exchange.] The layer of tissue be- tween the wood and bark, which forms the secondary wood, or bast. cambo'gia (U.S. and Br.). Gamboge, a, gum resin obtained from Garcinia hanhurii; purgative and anthelmintic in doses of gr. ^5 (0.015-0.3). c. in'dica (B.A.), Indian gamboge, the gum resin from Garcinia morella; cathartic in doses of gr. i-2 (0.03-0.13). Camel'lia [G. J. Kamel, a Jesuit missonary in the East in the 1 7th century.] A genus of plants of tropical Asia, among the species of which are C. japonica, the cultivated camellia, and C. ihea or C. theifera, the tea-plant; for the latter, see thea. camen'thol. A mixture of menthol and camphor, used by inhalation in respiratory affections. camera (kam'e-rah) [L. a vault.] i. A closed box, especially one used to contain the lens and the plates in photography. ^. In anatomy any chamber or cavity, such as one of the cavities of the heart ; especially the fifth ventricle of the brain, or cavity of the septum pellucidum. c. oc'uli ante'rior, anterior chamber of the eye, the space between the cornea and the iris, filled with a watery fluid (aqueous humor) and communicat- ing through the pupil with the posterior cham- ber, t. oc'uli poste'rior, posterior chamber of the eye, the ring-like space (triangular on section) between the iris and the crystalline lens, filled with aqueous humor, c. sep'ti pellu'cidi, cavum septi pellucidi [BNA]. Cam'erer's law. Two children of different ages, but of the same weight, have the same food requirements. cami'ofen oint'ment. Trade name of an ointment of equal parts of iocamfen and an emollient base. camisole (kam'i-s5l) [Fr. from It., dim. of camisa, shirt.] A straight-jacket. Camm'ann's steth'oscope [George Philip Cammann, New York physician, 1804-1863.] A binaural stethoscope. Cammidge reac'tion (kam'ij) [P. J. Cammidge, English physi- cian, contemporary.] A reac- tion obtained in the urine in cases of pancreatic disease; the first reactions (A and B) pre- pared have been discarded and the test now employed is called the C. reaction; this is ob- tained as follows: (i) To 40 c.c. of non-albuminous, non-saccharine 24-hour urine add 10 c.c. strong HCl ; boil for 10 minutes and add distilled water to 40 c.c. (2) Add 8 gm. lead carbon- ate and filter. (3) Shake with 8 gm. tribasiclead acetate, and filter. (4) Add 4 gm. sodium sul- phate, and filter. (5) To 10 c.c. of filtrate add 7 c.c. distilled water, 0.8 gm. phenylhydrazin hydro- chloride, 2 gm. sodium acetate, and i c.c. 50 per cent, acetic acid; boil for 10 minutes, filter while Cammann's Binaural Stethoscope. CAMMIDGE REACTION IS6 CANAL hot and make up to 15 c.c. with hot distilled water. In case of disease of the pancreas, a light yellow flocculent precipitate is thrown down in a few hours. cam'omile. Chamomile. Campani's test (kahm-pah'ne). For glucose: a precipitate of red or orange color is formed by the addition of a mixture of solutions of acetate of copper and subacetate of lead to urine contain- ing glucose. Campanula'ceee. An order of gamopetalous dicoty- ledonous plants, which includes the bell-flower. Cam'per's ang'le [Petrus Camper, Dutch physician and anatomist, 1722-1789.] Facial angle; the angle made by lines from the external auditory meatus and the nasal spine uniting between the middle upper incisor teeth. C.'s chiasm, chiasma* tendinum. C.'s fas'cia, superficial layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen. C.'s lig'ament, diaphragma* urogenitale. C.'s line, the horizontal line forming C.'s angle. camp-fe'ver. Typhus* fever. cam'phacol. A proprietary remedy for catarrhal affections of the respiratory and urinary organs, consisting of camphoric acid, formaldehyde, and guaiacol, dose gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). camphene (kam'fen). i. Any hydrocarbon, espe- cially one solid at ordinary temperature, having the formula CmHij. ,1. Purified oil of turpentine. camphe'nol. A mixture of camphor and phenol; disinfectant. cam'phoid. A solution of camphor in collodion. cam'phol. Salol-camphor. campholyptus (kam-fo-lip'tus). A proprietary remedy containing camphor and eucalyptus. camphomen'thol. Menthol camphoratum (N.F.). camphor (kam'fur). 1. A solid, tough, crystalline, translucent substance, a ketone distilled from the bark and wood of Cinnamomutn camphora, an evergreen tree of Southeastern Asia and the ad- joining islands; see camphora. 2. Any stearop- tene resembling this. Bor'neo c, borneol, camphyl alcohol, occurs in deposits in the wood of Dryobalanops arom-aiica, a. tree of Borneo and Sumatra, c. sal'icylate, a white powder, anti- septic and astringent; used in lupus, and inter- nally in diarrhea in doses of gr. 1—5 (0.06-0.3). monobro'mated c, camphora monobromata. pulsatil'la c, anemonin. c. men'thol, campho- menthol, menthol camphoratum (N.F.),a liquid prepared by triturating equal parts of camphor and menthol; employed locally as an antiseptic and deodorant, and diluted as a spray in rhinitis and pharyngitis. camphora (kam-fo'rah) [L.] (U. S. and Br.) Cam- phor, " the dextrogyrate modification of the satu- rated ketone obtained from Cinnamomum cam- phora and purified by sublimation"; occurs in tough, translucent, crystalline masses, evaporat- ing slowly on exposure to the air, very slightly soluble in water, but freely so in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils. Stimulant, carminative, expectorant, and diaphoretic in doses of gr. ^-3 (0.03-0.2). c. monobroma'ta (U. S.), monobro- mated camphor, occurs in colorless or white needles and prisms or in glossy scales having a faint odor of camphor; antispasmodic, soporific, and cardiac sedative, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). camphora'ceous. Resembling camphor in appear- ance or odor. cam^phorated. Containing camphor. cam'phorism. Camphor-poisoning, marked by gas- troenteritis, coma or convulsions, and oth«r cerebral symptoms. cam"phoroma'nia [camphor + G. mania, frenzy.] Camphor-addiction. camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'ol). An antiseptic prepa- ration of camphor with hydrogen dioxide. campim'eter [L. campus, field, + G. meiron, meas- ure.] An instrument for determining the field of vision. camptocormia (kamp-to-kor'mi-ah) [G. kamptos, bent, -I- kormos, trunk.] A deformity charac- terized by habitual flexion of the trunk, the spine, however, not being rigid. camptodactylia, camptodactyly (kamp-to-dak-til'i- ah, kamp-to-dak'til-I) [G. kamptos, bent, + daktylos, finger.] A condition of permanent flexion of one or both interphalangeal joints of one or more fingers, usually the Uttle finger. Can'ada bal'sam. Terebinthina canadensis. C. hemp, apocynum. C. lin'iment, linimentum opii compositum. C. moon'seed, menispermum. C. pitch, pix canadensis. C. snake'root, asarum. C. this'tle, Carduus arvensis. C. tur'pentine, C. balsam. C. yell'ow-root, hydrastis canadensis. canadine (kan'a-den). A white crystalline alkaloid, C211H21NO1, derived from hydrastis canadensis. can'adol. A fractional distillate from petroleum, consisting chiefly of hexane. canal' [L. canalis^ A duct or channel, = tubiilar structure. See also canalis. Arnold's c, Bichat's c, etc. see the proper names, abdom'- inal c, canalis inguinalis. alimen'tary c, the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and in- testine, a'nal c, (i) a temporary opening in the primitive anus; (2) pars analis recti [BNA], the terminal portion of the rectum, passing through the pelvic floor from the upper level of the levatores ani muscles to the anal orifice, arte'rial c, ductus arteriosus, au'ditory c, meatus acusticus externus. blastopor'ic c, an opening marking the remains of the notochordal canal, arach'noid t., Bichat's* canal, carot'id c, canalis caroticus. cerebrospi'nal c, neural c. cil'iary c., a tubular ring in the sclera around the margin of the iris, coch'lear t., canalis spiralis cochleas. cra"mopharyn'geal c, a fetal canal leading from the pharynx to the hypophysis cerebri, cru'ral c, canalis femoralis. galactoph' orous c, one of the milk-bearing tubules in the mamma, hy'aloid c, the central canal in the vitreous body, juice t., Recklinghausen's c. lac'rymal c, na'sal c, nasolac'rymal c, canalis nasolacrimalis. neu'ral c, (i) a canal formed by an upgrowth of folds of the ectoderm on the surface of the embryonic axis in front of the primitive streak; it is the rudiment of the cerebrospinal axis; (2) spinal canal, the canal of the vertebral column, containing the spinal cord, neurenter'ic c, notochordal c, an open communication, in early fetal life, between the posterior portion of the medullary and the intestinal canals, notochor'dal c, neurenterio c. nu'trient c, Haversian* canal- partu'rient c, the cavity of the uterus and the vagina through which the fetus passes, pel'vic c, the passage from the superior to the inferior strait' of the pelvis. periyas'cular c, the lymph-space surrounding a blood vessel, pore c, an assumed opening in the ovum through which the spermatozoon gains entrance, pterygopalatine c, pharyngeal c. [BNA], a canal between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the palate bone, giving passage to a pharyngeal branch of the spheno- palatine ganglion and the pterygopalatine artery and vein, pulp c, root c. root c, the opening in the long axis of the root of a tooth, containing CANAL 157 CANCELLI the pulp, spi'ral c, cochlear c. spi'roid c, aqueduct of Fallopius. tympan'ic c, canaliculus tympanicus. ver'tebral c, (1) spinal canal; (2) the qanal for the passage of the vertebral artery, formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae, vo'merine c, canalis basi- pharyngeus [BNA]. canalic'ular. Relating to a canaliculus. canallculization (k^-n3,-lik"u-li-za'shun). The for- mation of canaliculi, or small canals, in any tissue. canalic'ulus [L. dim. from canalis, canal.] A small canal or channel, auric'ular c, a canal opening on the outer wall of the jugular fossa, transmitting Arnold's nerve, the auricular branch of the vagus, c. bilif'erus, bile-duct, ductus* biliferus. c. carot"icotympan'icus, a small open- ing, sometimes one of several, within the orifice of the canalis caroticus which affords passage to branches of the internal carotid artery and carotid sympathetic plexus, c. denta'lis [BNA], one of the minute tubules of the dentine radiat- ing more or less horizontally from the pulp cav- ity to the enamel (in the crown) or the cementumi (in the root), c. innomina'tus, an occasional opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bone, between the foramen spinosum and foramen ovale, which transmits the small superficial petrosal nerve, c. lacrima'lis, the canal lead- ing into the lacrymal sac from the punctum. c. mastoid'eus, a small canal transmitting a twig from the vagus through the mastoid process. c. tympan'icus, a minute canal passing from the floor of the tympanum to the lower surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, trans- mitting the tympanic, or Jacobson's, nerve. cana'lis [L.] A canal or channel. c. adducto'rius [BNA], Hunter's canal, a groove between the tendon of origin of the vastus medialis and the insertions of the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius; in it run the femoral vessels. canaries alveola'res [BNA], alveolar canals, posterior dental canals; canals in the body of the maxilla which transmit nerves and vessels to the molar teeth. c. basipharynge'us [BNA], basipharyngeal canal, vomerine canal, an occasional opening between the vaginal process of the sphenoid and the ala of the vomer on either side. C. caroficus, carotid canal, a canal passing from the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the tem- poral bone upward, inwSrd, and forward to the apex where it opens into the foramen lacerum; it trans- mits the internal carotid artery and a plexus of sym- pathetic nerve fibers. c. centra'Iis, central canal, a minute canal, usually obliterated in the adult, running axially through the gray commissure of the spinal cord, the remains of the embryonic medullary cavity. c. chor'dEe tym'pani, iter chordae posterius, a canal leading from the aqueduct of Fallopius to the tym- panum, through which the chorda tympani nerve enters this cavity. c. condyloid'eus [BNA], condyloid canal, posterior condyloid foramen of the occipital bone. c. crura'Us, c. femoralis [BNA]. cana'les denta'les, dental canals; the anterior and middle dental canals pass from the infraorbital canal to the alveoli conveying vessels and nerves to the incisor and bicuspid teeth; the posterior dental canals pierce the posterior surface of the body of the maxilla and convey vessels and nerves to the molar teeth; the inferior dental canal is called canalis mandibulae. c. diplo'icus, diploic canal, can*l of Breschet* c. facia'lis [BNA], facial canal, aqueduct of Fallo- pius, a canal from the superior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone to the under surface at the stylomastoid foramen, curving over the cavity of the tympanum; it gives passage to the facial nerve. I c. femora'lis [BNA], crural or femoral canal, the inner compartment of the femoral sheath. ^ c. hyaloid'eus [BNA], hyaloid canal, canal of Stil- ling, a minute canal running through the vitreous from the papilla of the optic nerve to the lens, containing in fetal life a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. c. hypoglos'si [BNA], hypoglossal canal, anterior condyloid foramen of the occipital bone. c. incisi'vus [BNA], incisive or incisor canal, an- terior palatine canal; the lower, single, portion of the foramen incisivum. t. infraorbita'lis, infraorbital canal; a canal running beneath the orbital margin of the maxilla from the infraorbital groove, in the floor of the orbit, to the infraorbital foramen; it transmits the infraorbital artery and nerve. c. inguina'lis, inguinal canal, transmitting the spermatic cord in the male and the round ligament in the female; it begins at the internal and terminates at the external abdominal ring. c. mandib'ulse [BNA], mandibular canal, inferior dental canal, traversing the greater portion of the body and ramus of the mandible between the mandibu- lar and the mental foramina; it transmits the inferior dental vessels and nerves. c. muscuIotuba''rius, a canal beginning at the anterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone near its junction with the squamous portion, and passing to the tympanum; it is divided by the cochleariform process into two canals, one for the Eustachian tube, the other for the tensor tympani muscle. c. nasolacrima'lis [BNA], nasolacrymal canal, nasal canal, lacrymal canal; a canal leading from the orbital into the nasal cavity, containing the nasal duct. c. nutric'ius, nutrient canal, Haversian* canal. c. obturato'rius, an opening due to a defect in the upper part of the obturator membrane which closes the obturator foramen. c. palati'nus, one of two canals; one, the posterior Palatine or palatomaxillary canal, formed by the apposition of two grooves in the palate and the max- illary bones; the other, the anterior palatine canal, formed by the apposition of grooves in the two maxillae just behind the alveolar processes. c. pharynge'us [BNA], pharyngeal canal, pterygo- palatine canal, between the sphenoid and palate bones. c. pterygoid' eus, pterygoid canal, an opening through the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone through which pass the Vidian artery, vein, and nerve. c. pterygopalati'nus, pterygopalatine canal, pos- terior palatine canal, formed from the sulcus pterygo- palatinus, which transmits the large palatine nerve and descending palatine vessels. c. reu'niens, uniting canal, ductus reuniens [BNA]. c. semicircula'ris, semicircular canal, one of three canals (named according to their position superior, posterior, and lateral or external) in the labyrinth of the ear, which form loops of about two-t irds of a circle; they open into the vestibule by five openings, one aperture being the common' opening of one ex- tremity of each of two canals. c. sacra'lis, the continuation of the spinal c. in the sacrum. c. spina'Iis, spinal or neural canal, a canal formed by the spinal foramina of the contiguous vertebrse. c. spira'lis coch'leae, spiral canal of the cochlea, the winding tube which makes two and a half turns about the modiolus of the cochlea; it is divided in- completely into two compartments, scala tympani and scala vestibuli, by a winding shelf of bone, the lamina spiralis ossea. c. tar'seus, sinus tarsi [BNA]. li. umbilica'lis, annulus umbilicalis [BNA]. canalization (k3,-n3,-li-za'shun). The formation of canals or channels in any tissue. can''ceUated [L. cancellare, to make a lattice- work.] Having a lattice-work structure, reticular. cancelli (kan-sel'le) [L, pi. of cancellus, a grating, lattice.] The reticulations or cross lines form- ing the spongy tissue of bones. CANCELLOUS iS8 CANNABISM can'cellous. Cancellated, noting the reticular or spongy tissue of bone. cancell'us. See cancelli. can'cer [L. a crab.] i. Any malignant neoplasm. 2. Specifically, carcinoma* as distinguished from sarcoma, ac'inous c, c. arising from the epi- thelium of the acini of the breast, ad'enoid c, tubular o., cylindroma, alve'olar u., colloid c. c. k deux [Fr. deux, two], c. occurring nearly sim- ultaneously in two persons living together, u. aquat'icus, noma. c. atroph'icans, a scirrhus c. in which the cancer cells are degenerated and the surrounding tissue atrophied and sclerosed, t. en cuirasse (on-kwe-rahs') [Fr. breastplate], an epitheliomatous growth involving the greater part of one or both sides of the chest, chim'ney- sweep's c, an epithelioma of the scrotum, occur- ring in chimney-sweeps, believed to be caused by irritation from soot, coll'oid c, a degenerating carcinoma composed chiefly of colloid or glue-like matter, con'jugal c, c. h. deux occurring in man and wife, con'tact c, a secondary c. occurring in a part in close contact with a previous c. in the same individual, der'moid t., a c. containing dermoid structures, islets of epithelium, hair, etc. duct, c, a c. developed from the epithelium of the mammary ducts, enceph'aloid c, a c. of very soft, brain-like consistency; medullary c. endo- the'lial t., endothelioma, epider'mal c, epithe- lioma, epithe'lial c, epithelioma, glan'dular c, adenocarcinoma, green c, chloroma. hard c, scirrhous c. hem'atoid c, telangiectatic c. kan'- gri c, see kangri. med'ullary c, a carcinoma in which the growth consists chiefly of cells, the stroma being scarcely noticeable, melanot'ic c, a form of encephaloid c, in which the cells contain melanin, mouse c, Jensen tumor, a malignant growth in mice which is inoculable and more or less contagious scir'rhous i;., scirrhus, a car- cinoma in which there is an abundant fibrous stroma compressing the cells, soft c, encepha- loid c. spider c, telangiectasis, telangiectat'lc c, an encephaloid c. filled with cavities containing blood, tu'bular c, cylindroma, duct i;. cancera'tion. A change to malignancy, said of a previously benign tumor. cancer-bodies (kan'sur-bod'iz). Hyaline bodies; small bodies of various shapes and sizes found in and around the cells in a cancerous growth, re- garded by some as parasitic and of etiological significance, by others as degenerative changes or simple cell inclusions. can'cer-house. A house in which several deaths from cancer have occurred, believed by some to be infected with the contagium of malignant disease. cancerine (kan'sur-en). A ptomaine which has been found in the urine in cases of cancer. can'cerism. A hypothetical tendency to the devel- opment of malignant disease. canceroderm (kan'sur-o-durm [L. cancer + G. derma, skin.] De Morgan's spots; telangiectatic areas on the skin of the chest and abdomen, some- times seen in cases of cancer. canceromyces (kan-sur-o-mi'sSz). An organism, apparently intermediate between a mycete and a mould, regarded by Niessen as pathogenic for cancer. cancerophobia (kan-sur-o-fo'bl-ah) [L. cancer + G. phobos, fear.] A morbid apprehension of acquir- ing a malignant growth. can'cerous. Relating to or suffering from a malig- nant growth. cancer -root. Conopholis americana. can'cer-se'rum. A therapeutic serum, prepared in the same manner as diphtheria antitoxic serum, alleged to possess a curative action in cancer. Cancriamoe'ba macroglos'sa. A body, supposed to be an ameba, found in cancer and alleged to be pathogenic of malignant growths. cancriform (kang'kri-form). Resembling cancer. cancroid (kang'kroyd) [L. cancer + G. eidos, re- semblance.] I. Cancriform. 2. A neoplasm, like rodent ulcer, of a mild degree of malig- nancy. can'croin. A supposed antibody obtained from the serum of cancerous subjects and recommended in the treatment of malignant growths. can'crum [L, cancer.] A gangrenous ulceration. c. na'si, gangrenous inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, c. o'ris, noma,* gangrenous stomatitis. can'dicans [L. candicare, to be whitish.] One of the corpora albicantia CandoUe', Augustin Pyramus de. Swiss botanist, (1778-1841), the founder of a system of botanical classification, a development of the nattiral or Jussieuan* system. canel'la (N.F.). White cinnamon, the bark of Canella alba or C. winterana; an aromatic stimu- lant and carminative, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6— 2.0). cane-sugar. Saccharose. canine (ka'nin) [L. caninus.'] i . Relating to a dog. 2. Relating to the canine teeth. 3. A canine tooth, c. app'etite, bulimia, c. em'inence, a ridge on the anterior stirf ace of the superior max- illa corresponding to the socket of the canine tooth. c. foss'a, a depression on the superior maxilla, external to the c. eminence, u. muscle, musculus* caninus [BNA], levator anguli oris. c. prom'- inence, c. eminence, c. tooth, one of the four sharp- pointed teeth, two in each jaw, between the in- cisors and the premolar teeth. canin'iform. Resembling a canine tooth. canities (kan-ish'e-ez) [L. canus, hoary, gray.] Grayness of the hair. canker (kang'ker) [L. cancer.] 1 . Aphthous stoma- titis. 2. Noma. 3. A morbid secretion of the sen- sitive frog and sole of the horse, involving also the corresponding insensitive parts. cank'er-root. Coptis. canna (kan'ah) [L. a reed.] One of the bones of the leg, either l. ma'jor, tibia, or t. mi'nor, fibula. cannabene (kan'3,-ben). A hydrocarbon obtained from cannabis indica. cannabin (kan'S-bin). A resinoid of greenish-black color, obtained from caimabis indica; used in hysteria, neuralgia, delirium tremens, and in- somnia in doses of gr. J— i (0.015-0.06). cannabin'don. A dark red syrupy liquid from can- nabis indica; hypnotic in doses of iffii-i (0.015-0.06). cannabine (kan'S-bSn). An alkaloidal substance from cannabis indica; hypnotic in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). cannab'inon. A balsamic resin from cannabis indica; hypnotic in doses of gr. i-ij (0.03-0,1). can'nabis (U.S.), can'nabis in'dica (Br.). Indian hernp, hashish, the dried flowering tops of the pistillate plants of Cannabis sativa, gathered be- fore the fruits are developed; narcotic, sedative- analgesic, and aphrodisiac. An extract, fluid, extract, and tincture are official in the U.S.P., an extract and tincture in the B.P. cannabism (kan'a-bizm). Poisoning by Indian hemp, hashish intoxication. Cajnjnon-bone, 159 CAPITELLUM cann'on-bone, can'on-bone. The middle or large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of a horse or other hoofed quadruped ; the shank-bone, or bone above the fetlock in the fore or hind leg. cann'ula [L. dim. of canna, reed.] A tube which is inserted into a cavity by means of a trocar filling its lumen; after insertion the trocar is withdrawn leaving the cannula as a channel for the escape of fluid in the cavity, perfu'sion c, a double-bar- reled c. used for irrigation of a cavity, the wash fluid passing into the cavity through one tube and out through the other. Canquoin's paste (kahh-kwan') [Alexandre CoMgaoin, Parisian physician, 1795-1881.] A cancer paste made in four strengths of 1 part of zinc chloride to 2, 3, 4, and 5 parts of wheat flour moistened with water. Cantani's di'et (kahn-tah'ne) [Amoldo Cantani, Italian physician of Bohemian birth, 1837-1893.] An exclusively meat diet in diabetes mellitus. can'thal. Relating to a canthus. cauthar'idal. Relating to or containing cantharides. canthar'idate. A salt of cantharidic acid with an alkali. cantharides (kan-thar'i-dez). Plural of cantharis. cantharid'ic acid. An acid, CijHuOj, derived from cantharis which forms salts, cantharidates, with alkalies. canthar'idin. The active principle of cantharis, the anhydride of cantharidic acid, CioHuOj. cantharidism (kan-thar'i-dizm). Poisoning by can- tharis. can'tharis, gen. canthar'idis, pi. canthar'ides [G kantharis, a beetle.] (U.S. and Br.) Cantharides, Spanish fly, a dried beetle, Cantharis vesicatoria; employed internally as a diuretic and in the treat- ment of certain scaly skin diseases in doses of gr. ^— J (0.015—0.03): externally as a counterirri- tant and vesicatory. canthec'tomy [G. kanthos, canthus, + ektome, excision.] Kxcision of a canthus. canthitis (kan-thi'(the')tis) [G. kanthos, canthus, -I- -itis.l Inflammation of a canthus. cantholysis (kan-thol'i-sis) [G. kanthos, canthus, + lysis, loosening.] Incision of the canthus to widen the slit between the lids, canthoplasty (i). canthoplasty (kan'tho-plas-tl) [G. kanthos, canthus, -)- f lasso, I form.] i. An operation tor lengthen- ing the palpebral fissure by cutting through the external canthus. 2. An operation for restora- tion of the canthus in case of pathological or traumatic defect. canthorrhaphy (kan-thor'S-fl) [G. kanthos, canthus, + rhaphe, seam.] Suture of the eyelids at either canthus; canthoplasty (2). canthot'omy [G. kanthos, canthus, -I- tome, incision.] Slitting of the canthus, cantholysis, cantho- plasty (i). can'thus [G. kanthos.'\ Commissura palpebrarum [BNA]. Either extremity of the rima palpebrarum or slit between the eyelids; the two are called inner, internal, or nasal c. and outer, external, or temporal c, or medial and lateral palpebral com- missures respectively. can'tus gal'li [L. cock-crow.] Laryngismus stridulus. canula. An incorrect spelling of cannula. canutillo (kan-00-te'yo) [Sp.] Ephedra anti- syphilitica. CaO. Calx, calcium monoxide, quicklime. CaOC. Abbreviation for cathodal, or negative pole, opening contraction. caoutchouc (koo'chook) [S. A. Indian, cahuchu:] (Br.) Elastica (U.S.), India rubber ; the prepared inspissated milky jviice of Hevea brasiliensis and other species of Hevea, known in commerce as pure Para rubber. Used in the manufacture of various plasters, tissues, bandages, etc. cap [A.S. cceppan.] t To cover a part, especially its extremity or top; specifically, in dentistry, to cover an exposed pulp with an antiseptic paste or cement to prevent pressure from a filling. .1. Cover of the pulp of a tooth protecting it from the filling. 3. The first portion of the duodenum, pileus ventriculi. capacity (ka-pas'I-tl) [L. capax, able to contain; capere, to take.] 1. The potential cubic contents of a cavity or receptacle, a. Ability, power to do. breath'ing c, respiratory c. cra'nial c, the cubic content of the skull; obtained by determining the cubage of small shot, seeds, or beads required to fill the-skull. respi'ratory c, (i) the amount of air which can be drawn into the lungs by deep inhalation; (2) the absorptive power of the blood as regards oxygen and carbonic acid, the one taken from the air, the other from the tissues ; the capability of the blood for gaseous exchange. ther'mal c, the amount of heat absorbed by a body in being raised i ° C. in temperature, vi'tal t., respiratory c. (i). capeline (kap'e-lin). A bandage covering the head or an amputation stump. ca'per. The bud of a plant, Capparis spinosa, used as a pickle or condiment. capiltaire (ka-pl-lair') [Fr. maidenhair fern.] A syrup made from maidenhair fern, Adiantum capillus-veneris, used for coughs. capiUarectasia (kap"i-lar-ek-ta'sl-ah) [capillary + G. ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the capillary blood-vessels. capillaritis (kap-il-ar-i'(e')tis). Telangiitis. cap'illary [L. capillaris, relating to hair.] x. Relating to hair. ^. Very fine and hair-like. 3. One of the microscopic blood-vessels forming the capillary system intermediate between the arteries and the veins. 4. Relating to a capillary vessel, c. arte'riole, a minute artery which ter- minates in a capillary, c. bronchi'tis, inflammation of the lining membrane of the terminal bronchial tubes, t. lake, the total mass of blood contained in the capillary vessels, c. vein, a venous radical or venule commencing from the capillaries. lymph-c, the beginning of a lymphatic vessel, arising from a lymph-space; it is larger than the vessel with which it is continuous. capill'iculture [L. capillus, hair, -t- cultura, culture.] The care of the hair; treatment of baldness or other diseases of the hair. capiUitium (ka.-pK-lish'!-um) [L. the hair.] A net- work of protoplasmic threads in the spore capsule of Myxomycetes, the function of which is to break up the spore masses. capil'lus, gen. and pi. capil'li [L. hair.] [BNA]. A hair of the head. cap'ital [L. capitalis, relating to the caput, head.] I. Chief, most important. 2. Endangering the health or the life of the individual, t. opera'tion, an operation of such magnitude or involving vital organs to such an extent that it is per se dangerous to life. cap'itate [L. caput(capit-), head,] i. Head-shaped, having a rounded extremity. 2. Noting a hemispherical surface elevation of a bacterial culture; see cut under culture. A, 5. c. bone, OS* capitatum, os magnum. capitel'lum [L. dim. of caput, head.] A small head or rounded extremity. Specifically the outer condyle at the lower extremity of the humerus, radial head of the humenis, a rounded eminence CAPITELLUM 160 CAPSULE articulating with the upper surface of the head of the radius, capitulum humeri [BNA]. capitoped'al [L. caput, head, + pes(ped-), foot.] Relating to the head and the feet. capit'ular. Relating to a, capitulum. c. articula'- tions or joints [BNA], articulations between the heads of the ribs and the vertebrae. capit'ulum [L. dim. of caput, head.] r. A small head or rounded articular extremity of a bone. 2. In botany, an inflorescence of sessile flowers crowded together into a common head. u. cos'tee [BNA], the head of a rib articulating by two facets with the bodies of two contiguous vertebrae, c. flb'ulae, head or upper extremity of the fibula, which articulates by a facet with the under surface of the external condyle of the tibia, c. hu'meri [BNA], small or radial head, capitellum, of the humerus, c. mall'ei, the head of the malleus articulating with the body of the incus, c. mandib'ulae [BNA], head of the mandible, condyle of the lower jaw. c. ra'dii, head of the radius, the disc-shaped upper extremity articulating with the capitellum, or capitulum, of the humerus, c. sta'pedis [BNA], the head of the stapes which articulates with the lenticu- lar process of the incus, c. ul'ns, head or lower extremity of the ulna. Ca3(P04)2. Neutral phosphate of lime, tricalcic phosphate, bone phosphate. Capon Springs, W. Va. Light alkaline-calcic waters, 66° F. Used by drinking and bathing in acid dyspepsia, gastric catarrh, and urinary disorders. capp'ing. In dentistry the substance used to cap the exposed pulp of a tooth. cap'rate. A salt of capric acid. caprenalin (kS-pren'al-in). Trade name of a supra- renal extract; hemostatic and vasocon stricter. cap'reolary, cap'reolate [L. capreolus, a tendril.] Spiral, tendril-shaped, c. vess'els, spermatic vessels. cap'ric acid [L. caper, a goat.] A crystalline acid, CijHjjOj, found in goats' milk and cows' mil6 and other substances; it has a more or less pro- nounced goat-like odor. Caprifolia'ceae. An order of gamopetalous di- cotyledonous plants ; the flower has an ovary with 2 to 5 locules, ovules suspended, stamens 5 ; the fruit is a berry. capriloquism (ka-pril'o-kwizm) [L. caper, goat, + loqui, to speak.] Egophony. cap'rin. A caprate of glyceryl, found in butter, and one of the substances upon which the flavor of that substance depends. cap'rizant. Bounding, leaping, noting a form of pulse-beat. cap'roate. A salt of caproic acid. capro'ic acid [L. caper, a goat.] A colorless oily fluid, CjHjjOj, found in butter and some other substances. cap'roiu. A caproate of glyceryl, found with caprone, caprin, and butyrin in butter. cap'rone. A compound of caproic acid, an oily fluid in butter, one of the substances upon which the flavor of this substance depends. cap'royl. The radicle of caproic acid, C,H,iO. caproylamine (kap-ro-il'am-in). A ptomaine from codliver oil. cap'rylate. A salt of caprylic acid. capryl'ic acid. A fatty acid, C,Hi,Oj, in butter and other substances. cap'rylin. A caprylate of glyceryl. capsell'a [L. dim. of capsa, o, box.] Shepherd's purse, herba capsellae; the dried herb Bursa pastoris; employed in eclectic practice in menor- rhagia, urinary disorders, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and atonic dyspepsia in doses of 5 to 10 drops of the specific preparation of an ounce to the ounce of alcohol. cap'sicin. A yellowish-red oleoresin containing the active principle of capsicum. cap'sicol. A red oily liquid from capsicum. cap'sicum (U.S.), cap'sici fruc'tus (Br.). The dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiaium; Cayenne^, African, or red pepper; carminative and stimu- lant, in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3); externally rubefacient. capsitis (kap-si'(se')tis). Capsulitis of the crystal- line lens. capsot'omy. Capsulotomy, incision through Tenon's capsule. cap'sula, gen. and pi. cap'sulce [L. dim. of Capsa, a chest or box.] A capsule in any sense. Speci- fically the internal capsule, capsula"" interna. c. adipo'sa [BNA], the perirenal fat. c.articula'- ris, joint-capsule; a fibrous sac, with synovial lining, enclosing a joint, c. exter'na, external capsule, a thin lamina of white substance sepa- rating the claustrum from the putamen or lateral portion of the lenticular nucleus; it joins the internal capsule at either extremity of the putamen, forming a capsule of white mat- ter of the lenticular nucleus, c. fibro'sa hep'atis, Glisson's capsule, a thin layer of connective tissue surrounding the structures in the porta hepatis and forming a layer on the surface of the liver t. glomer'uU, Bowman's capsule, Malpighian cap- sule, the expanded beginning of a small tubule surrounding a tuft of capillary vessels, the two constituting a Malpighian corpuscle, c. inter'na, internal capsule, a layer of white substances separating the caudate nucleus and thalamus from the lentictilar nucleus (thalamic region) and also the hypothalamus from, the lenticular . nucleus {subthalamic region) ; it consists of two limbs — an anterior (pars frontalis [BNA]) and H posterior (pars occipitalis [BNA]) — which join at an obtuse angle (genu or knee of the internal capsvile) opening laterally (externally) in the horizontal plane; it joins the external capsule in front of and behind the putamen, thus forming a white *capsule of the lenticular nucleus, c. len'tls [BNA], crystalline capsule, capsule of the crystalline lens. c. nu'clei denta'ti [BNA], a corrugated lamina of gray matter enclosing the central white substance of the nucleus dentatus. cap'sular. Relating to any capsule. capsula'tion. Enclosure in a capsvde. capsule (kap'sul) [L. capsula.] i. A membranous structure enveloping an organ or any other part, or a joint, or a tumor.- 2. An anatomical struc- ture resembling a capsule or envelope, such as the internal capsule, suprarenal capsule, etc. 3. A small sac or case of gelatin or other soluble mate- rial used to enclose powders or other drugs of dis- agreeable taste. 4. A shallow tray or dish used for holding staining solutions or other fluids in histological and bacteriological work, ad'ipose c, the perirenal fat. atrabll'iary c, glandula suprarenalis. au'ditory c, the rudiment, in the embryo, of the auricle of the ear. ctys'talUne c, u. of the crystalline lens, exter'nal c, capsula externa, eye c, Tenon's* c. inter'nal c, capsula interna, joint c, capsula articularis. lentic'- ular c, crystalline c. na'sal c, the rudiment of the nose in the embryo, op'tlc c, the rudiment of the eye in the embryo, suprare'nal c, glandula"* suprarenalis. syno'vial t., capsula articularis. CAPSULITIS i6i CARBON capsulitis (cap-su-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the capsule of an cjrgan or part, as of the liver or crystalline lens, hepat'ic c, perihepatitis. c of the lab'yrinth, otosclerosis. capsulorrhaphy (kap-su-lor'a.-fl) [L. capsula, capsule, + G. rhaphe, a sewing.] Suture of a tear in any capsule: specifically, suture of a joint capsule to prevent recurring dislocation of the articulation. capsulotome (kap'su-lo-tom). An instrument for incising a capsule, especially one for cutting the capsule of the crystalline lens in a cataract opera- tion. capsulot'omy. Incision through a capsule, specific- ally through the capsule of the lens in a cataract operation. cap'tol. Tannochloral ; trade name for a compound of chloral hydrate and tannin; astringent and parasiticide. Cap'uron's points. The iliopectineal eminences and the sacroiliac joints, constituting four fixed points in the pelvic inlet. caput (cap'ut) , gen. co^'ifw, pi. eo^'t/a [L.] i. The head. 2. Any head, or expanded or rounded ex- tremity of an organ or other anatomical struc- ture, c. co'll, cecum, c. cor'nus, the head or thickened portion of each gray column or cornu. anterior and posterior, of the spinal cord, c, f em'oris, head of the femur, hemispherical articu- lar surface at the upper extremity of the femur, which fits into the acetabulum to form the hip- joint, c. gallinaginis (gal-lin-aj'in-is) [L. snipe's head], coUiculus* seminalis. c. hu'meri, head of the humerus, the upper rounded extremity fit- ting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. 1;. medu'sse [Medusa, a mythological character whose hair was transformed into serpents], a coil of varicose veins on the surface of the abdomen, surrounding the umbilicus, due to obstruction of the portal circulation in the liver, c. mor'- tuum, impure ferrous oxide left after the ignition of iron pyrites, c. nu'clei cauda'ti [BNA]; the head or anterior extremity of the caudate nucleus projecting into the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, c. obsti'pum [L. obsHpus, awry], torticollis, c. proge'neum [G. pro, before, -|- geneion, chin], marked forward projection of the jaw, prognathism, c. quadra'tum, a head of large size and square shape, owing to thick- ened parietal and frontal eminences, seen in rachitic children, c. succeda'neum [L. succed- aneus, following, substituting], an edematous swelling formed on the presenting portion of the scalp of an infant during birth, c. ta'li [BNA], the head, or anterior portion, of the astragalus. Capvem, France (kap-vem'). Alkaline waters, 77° F. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in catarrhal conditions, gallstones, gravel, gout, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, neuritis, and women's diseases, May to October. caraate (ka.-rah-ah'ta) . Pinta. Carabafia, Spain (kah-rah-bah'nyah). Sodic-mag- nesic-sulphated saline waters. Used internally and externally in gastric, hepatic, and intestinal disorders accompanied with constipatio.i. car'agheen. Carrageen, Irish moss. caramel (kar'ah-mel) [L. calamellus, sugar cane(?).] (N.P.) Saccharum ustum, burnt sugar; a con- centrated solution of the substance obtained by heating sugar with an alkali, a thick dark brown liquid, employed as a coloring and flavoring agent in pharmaceutical preparations. Carabelli tubercle (kah-rah-bel'le tu'bur-kl) [Georg C. Carabelli, Edler v. Lunkaszprie, Vienna den- tist, 1787-1842.] A small tubercle, resembling II a supernumerary cuspid (though not on the grinding surface), found occasionally on the lingual surface of one or more of the molar teeth. carapa'ta disease. A disease of the Zambesi basin, possibly a form of trypanosomiasis or a relapsing fever, transmitted by the bite of " tick, Orni- thodorus moubata. car'away. Carum. car'bamate. A salt of carbamic acid. carbam'ic. Relating to the amide of carbonic acid. t. acid, a hypothetical acid, CH5NO2, forming carbamates. carbamide (kar'bS-mid, kar'bS-mid) [carb(,on) + amide.] Urea or one of its derivatives. carbaz'otate. Picrate. carbazot'ic acid [carbon + azote, nitrogen.] Picric* acid. carbenzyme (kar'ben-zim). Trade name of a mix- ture of trypsin and charcoal recommended as a digestant and remover of dead tissue especially tuberculous tissue about to disintegrate. carbide (kar'bid) . A compound of carbon (not an oxide of carbon) with one of the elements, especially with a metal. car'binol. Methyl alcohol. car'bo [L. coal.] Charcoal, c. anima'Us, animal charcoal, bone-black, ivory-black; prepared by baking bone. c. anima'lis purifica'tus, purified animal charcoal; used in pharmaceutical proc- esses, c. lig'ni (U.S. and Br.), charcoal, wood charcoal, a fine black powder; disinfectant and deodorant, employed internally in gastric fer- mentation in doses of gr. 5—60 (0 . 3—4 . o) . carbohe'mia, carbohae'mia. Imperfect depuration of the blood, incomplete elimination of carbon dioxide. carbohemoglobin (kar"bo-hem-o-glo'bin). Hemo- globin when in union with carbon dioxide. carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat) [carbon + G. hydor, water.] A substance containing carbon, hydro- gen, and oxygen, the two latter in the proportion to form water, HsO; the sugars, starches, and cellulose belong to the class of carbohydrates. carbohydratu'ria. Glycosuria, mellituria. car'bolate. ±. A salt of carbolic acid. ^. To car- bolize. carbolfuchsin (kar"bol-fook'sin). Ziehl's solution; a stain for use in histology composed of a mixture of one part of a 10 per cent, alcoholic solution of fuchsin and 9 parts of a 5 per cent, aqueous solution of carbolic acid. carbol'ic [L. carbo, coal, -t- oleum, oil.] Relating to phenic or carbolic acid, or phenol, t. acid, phenol, cam'phorated c acid, a liquid mixture of phenol 12, camphor 4, water i; employed as a local anesthetic and for the relief of toothache. c. fuch'sin, Ziehl's solution, carbolfuchsin.* c. oil, carbolized oil, a. solution of phenol, 1, in olive oil, 19; employed as an application to burns. car'bolize. To mix with or add carbolic acid, or phenol. car"bolly'soform. A 3 per cent, solution of phenol in lysoform. carbolu'ria [G- ouron, urine.] The passage of phenol in the urine. carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'len). A mixture of carbolic acid, I part, and xylene, 3 parts. carbom'etry. Carbonometry. car'bon [L. carbo, coal.] A non-metallic tetrad ele- ment, symbol C, atomic weight 12. It occurs in two forms; the diamond and graphite, and also occurs in impure form in charcoal, coke, and CARBON 162 CARCOMA soot. It is found in all living tissues, and the study of its vast number of compounds constitutes organic chemistry, c. bisul'phide, carbonei disulphidum. c. diox'ide, COj, the product of the combustion of carbon with a free supply of air; carbonic acid gas. c. diox'ide snow, see snow. c. disul'phide, carbonei disulphidum. c. monox'- ide, CO, formed by the combustion of carbon with a limited supply of air, a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas, its toxic action being due to its strong affinity for hemoglobin; it was used by the Germans in the world war as an as- phyxiating gas. ti. tetrachlo'ride, tetrachlor- methane, CCli; a transparent colorless liquid, used as a cleansing fluid and as a local anesthetic. car'bonate. A salt of carbonic acid. carbo'nei disul'phidum, carbo'nis bisul'phidum (Br.). Carbon bisulphide or disulphide, CS2; a colorless liquid of a characteristic ethereal odor, fetid when impure; is parasiticide and has been used by inhalation in phthisis, but is seldom employed other than as a solvent. carbone'mia, carbonee'inia. Carbohemia. carbo'neum. Carbon. carbon'ic. Relating to carbon, u. acid, an acid formed by the union of carbon dioxide and water, HjCOj. c. acid gas, u. anhy'dride, carbon dioxide, c. ox'ide, carbon monoxide. carbo'nis bisul'phidum (Br.). Carbonei disulphidum. carboni'trogen constitti'tion. In homeopathy, one of von Grauvogel's three constitutional groups, the one in which there is too slow an oxidation of the blood, anoxemia. car'bonize. To char. carbonom'eter [L. carbo{carbon-), coal, + G. meiron, measure.] A device for determining the pro- portion of carbon dioxide in the air or ex- pired breath by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from lime water. carbonom'etry. The determination of the presence and the proportion of carbonic dioxide by means of the carbonometer. carTbonyl. The characterizing group (CO) of the ketones. carborun'dum. Carbide of silicon, SiC, a sub- stance of extreme hardness used for polishing in place of emery. carbosa'pol. A 50 per cent, carbolic-acid soap. carboxyhemoglobin (kar-bok"si-hem-o-g1o'bin). The compound formed by carbon monoxide with the hemoglobin in poisoning by that gas. carbox'yl. The characterizing group (COOH) of certain organic acids. carbuncle, carbunculus (kar'bung-ld, kar-bun'ku- lus) [L. dim. of carbo, a live coal.] i. A phleg- monous i nflammation of the skin and subcutane- ous tissues, similar to that of a furuncle but much more extensive; it is usually attended with great systemic depression, and may be fatal. 2. A reddish protuberance on the face, seen in alcoholic subjects; a whelk. carbun'cular. Relating to a carbuncle. carbunculo'sis. A condition marked by the occur- rence of several carbuncles in rapid succession. car'buret. Carbide. Carcassonne's lig'ament (kar-kS-sun') [Bernard Gauderic Carcassonne, French surgeon, *i728.] The deep perineal fascia. carcinelcosis (kar"sin-el-ko'sis) [G. karkinos, cancer, -f helkosis, ulceration.] Rodent ulcer; an ul- cerating cancer, carcinogenesis (kar-sin-o-jen'e-sis) [G. karkinos, cancer, -f- genesis, generation,] The origin or production of cancer. carcinoid (kar'sin-oyd) [carcinoma + G. eidos, re- semblance.] An epithelial tumor presenting the picture of a very malignant carcinoma, but fol- lowing clinically a rather benign course. carcinolytic (kar"sin-o-lit'ik) [carcinoma + G. lytikos, causing a solution.] Destructive to the cells of carcinoma. carcino'ma, pi. carcino'maia, carci-no'mas [G. karkinos, crab, cancer.] Cancer (in its limited sense), a malignant new growth of epitheHal or gland cells infiltrating the surrounding tissues. c. alveola 're, colloid cancer.* c. basocellula're, basal-cell c, rodent ulcer; a superficial gland- like tumor of the skin of relatively slight malig- nancy; it appears as a fungoid tumor or ulcer of the skin of the face or breast; it originates from the Malpighian basal layer, c. colloid'es, colloid cancer.* t. cuta'neum, epithelioma, ro- dent ulcer, c. cylindromato'sum, a cancer composed chiefly of cylindrical cells, t. du'- rum, hard cancer, scirrhous cancer.* c. encephaloid'es, encephaloid cancer, medullary cancer.* c. epithelioid'es, epitheUoma. c. fibro'- sum, scirrhous cancer.* c. gelatino'sum, colloid cancer.* c. gigantocellula're, a mahgnant growth containing many giant cells, c. glandula're, adenocarcinoma, c. hsemato'des, a form of medullary cancer in which there is an excessive formation of large blood-vessels, u. hyali'num, colloid cancer.* c. lenticula're, a form of c. tuberosum, or scirrhous cancer of the skin, with flattened bean-shaped nodules, c. medulla're, medullary cancer, one in which the growth con- sists almost entirely of cells, the fibrous stroma being very small in amount, c. melano'des, c. melanot'icum, melanotic cancer.* c. mol'le, medullary cancer.* t. mucip'arum, c.muco'sum, colloid cancer.* u. myxomato'des, a form of colloid cancer in which the original fibrous stroma has undergone myxomatous metaplasia. c. ni'grum, melanotic cancer.* c. ossificans, c. in which there is a more or less extensive forma- tion of bony tissue, c. osteoid'es, c. -ossificans. c. reticula're, scirrhous cancer.* c. sarcomato'- des, a tumor with transitional characters, a c. apparently assuming the sarcomatous type. c. scirrho'sum, scirrhus. c. scro'ti, cancer of the scrotum, chimney-sweeps' cancer.* c. sim'plex, one in which the relative proportions of the cells and the stroma are, so to say, normal, neither element preponderating, c. spongio'sum, en- cephaloid cancer, medullary c. c. tubero'sum, a. cancerous growth of the subcutaneous tissues marked by the presence of numerous hard nodules c. viUo'sum, malignant papilloma, hair-ma'trix c, basal-cell u., a form of superficial rodent ulcer, extending widely but not deeply. carcino'matoid [carcinoma + eidos, appearance.] Resembling a carcinoma. carcinomatophobia (kar-si(-no"ma-to-fo'bi[-ah) [car- cinoma + G. phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of getting a cancer. carcinomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple car- cinomata; carcinosis. carcino'matouB. Relating to carcinoma. carcinomelcosis (kar'sin-o-mel-ko'sis). Carcinel- cosis. carcino'sls. 1. A generalization of cancerous growths; the occurrence of miUtiple carcinomata, oarcmomatosis. 2. A tendency to carcinoma, shown by the appearance of a new cancerous growth, not a local recurrence, after operative removal of a previous cancer carcoma (kar-ko'mah) [Sp. wood dust under the CARCOMA 163 CARDIOPULMONARY bark of a, tree, caused by the wood-louse.] Mahogany-colored granules found in the feces in tropical regions; it gives the reaction of urobilinogen and is composed of calcium oxide, iron, phosphoric and carbonic acids, urobilinogen, ■ cholerythrogen, and organic matter in varying proportions. cardamo'mi se'men (U.S.), cardamo'mi sem'ina (Br.). Cardamom, cardamom seeds, the dried ripe fruit of Eletiaria repefis, a seedy plant of India and Ceylon; aromatic carminative, in doses of gr. 3-1S (0.2-1.0). Cardarelli's symp'tom (kar-dah-rel'le) [Antonio Cardarelli, Italian physician, contemporary.] Tracheal* tugging. Car'den's amputa'tion [Henry Douglas Garden, English surgeon, fiSya.] Transcondylar ampu- tation of the leg, the femur being sawn through the condyles just above the articular surface ; see cut under amputation. cardia (kar'di-ah) [G. kardia, heart.] The eso- phageal orifice of the stomach; the fundus ventriculi or left extremity of the stomach. car'diac. i. Relating to the heart. 2. Relating to the esophageal orifice of the stomach. 3. A tonic remedy. 4. A sufferer from heart disease. c. sign, a diminution in the area of cardiac dul- ness in the recumbent posture, occurring in carcinoma. cardiagra (kar-di-ag'rah) [G. kardia, heart, -t- agra, seizure.] 1. A gouty affection of the heart. 2. Angina pectoris. cardialgia (kar-dl-al'ji-ah) [G. kardia, heart, H- algos, pain.] Heartburn, an uncomfortable burn- ing sensation in the stomach. cardiam'eter. A device for determining the posi- tion of the cardia of the stomach. cardianastrophe (kar-'de-an-as'tro-fe) [G. kardia, heart, + anastrophe, a turning back.] A con- genital transposition of the heart, the organ being on the right side ; dextrocardia. car'diant. A cardiac stimulant. cardiasthe'nia [G. kardia, heart, + astheneia, weak- ness.] Weakness in the action of the heart. cardiasthma (kar-de-as'mah). Cardiac asthma, dyspnea of heart disease. cardiataxia (kar-dJ-S-tak'sI-ah) [G. kardia, heart, + ataxia, disorder.] Extreme irregularity in the action of the heart. cardicente'sis. Cardiocentesis. cardiectasia (kar-dl-ek-ta'si-ah) [G. kardia, heart, + ektasis, a stretching out.] Dilatation of the heart. car'din. An organic extract made from the heart of the bullock. car'dinal [L. cardinalis, relating to a hinge, hinging, important.] i. Of special importance. 2. Of a deep-red, nearly scarlet, color. cardio- [G. kardia, heart.] A prefix signifying that the word has reference to the heart. cai"dioaccererator. Hastening the action of the heart. cardioaortic (kar"di-o-a-or'tik). Relating to the heart and the aorta. cardioarterial (kar-di-o-ar-te'ri -al) . Relating to the heart and the arteries. cardiocele (kar'dl-o-sel) [G. kardia, heart, -I- kele, hernia.] A hernia or protrusion of the heart through an opening in the diaphragm. cardiocente'sis [G. kardia, heart, H- kentesis, a pricking.] Operative puncture of the heart. cardiocinet'ic. Cardiokinetic. cardiodyn'ia [G. kardia, heart, + odym, pain.] Pain in the heart. car'diogram [G. kardia, heart, + gramma, a dia- gram.] The graphic curve made by the stylet of a cardiograph. ° car'diograph [G. kardia, heart, + grapho, I write.] An instrument for recording graphically the movements of the heart, constructed on the principle of the sphygmograph. cardiohepat^ic [G. kardia, heart, -f hepar{hepai-), liver.] Relating to the heart and the liver. cardioinhibitory (kar"di-o-in-hib'I-to-rI). Arresting or slowing the action of the heart. cardiokinet'ic [G. kardia, heart,' -I- kinesis, move- ment.] Influencing the action of the heart. car'diolith [G. kardia, heart, 4^ lithos, stone.] A concretion in the heart, or an area of calcareous degeneration in its walls or valves. cardiol'ogist. One having special knowledge and experience in relation to disease of the heart. cardiol'Dgy [G. kardia, heart, -I- -logia.J The science of the heart and its diseases. cardiol^ysis [G. kardia, heart, + lysis, loosening.} An operation for breaking up the adhesions in chronic mediastino-pericarditis ; access is gained by resection of a portion of the sternum and the corresponding costal cartilages. car"diomala'cia [G. kardia, heart, -I- malakia, softness.] Softening of the walls of the heart. cardiomeg'aly [G. kardia, heart, + megasimegah-'), large.] Hypertrophy of the heart. cai"diomelano'sis [G. kardia, heart, -I- melanosis, a blackening.] A deposit of pigment in the heart muscle. cardiom'etry [G. kardia, heart, + metron, measure.] Measuring the dimensions of the heart or the force of its action. cardiomyoliposis (kar"dl-o-mi"o-li-po'sis) [G. kardia. heart, -H mys(niyo~), muscle, -t- lipos, fat.] Fatty degeneration of the heart. cardioneph'ric [G. kardia, heart, + nephros, kidney.] Relating to the heart and the kidneys. cardioneural (kar"dI-o-nu'ral) [G. kardia, heart, + neuron, nerve.] Relating to the nervous control of the heart. cardiopal'mus [G. kardia, heart, + palmos, palpi- tation.] Palpitation of the heart. cardiopaVudism [see paludism-^ Irregularity in the heart's action due to malaria car'diopath. A sufferer from heart disease. cardiop'athy [G. kardia, heart, + pathos, suiiering.] Any disease of the heart. cardiopericarditis (kar-dl-o-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. kardia, heart, + peri, around, -1- kardia, heart, +-itisl\ Inflammation of both myocardium and pericardium. cardiophone (kar'dl-o-fon) [G. kardia, heart, -H phone, sound.] A stethoscope specially designed to aid in listening to the sounds of the heart. cardioplegia (kar-di-o-ple'jl-ah) [G. kardia, heart, + plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the heart. , cardiopneumatic (kar"dI-o-nu7mat'ik) [G. kardia, heart, + pneuma, breath.] Relating to the heart's action and the respiration. cardiopneumograph (kar"dI-o-nu mo-graf) [G. kar- dia, heart, + pneuma, breath, -I- grapho, I write.] An instrument for recording graphically the cardiac and respiratory movements. cardioptosia (kar"dJ[-op-to'sI-ah) [G. kardia, heart + ptosis, a falling.] A condition in which the he^ is unduly movable and displaced downward; cor mobile, cor pendulum; to be distinguished from baihycardia, in which the heart is fixed in a lower position. • cardiopul'monary [G. kardia, heart, -|- L. pulmo lung.] Relating to the heart and lungs. CARDIOPUNCTURE 164 CARNOSITY car"diopunc'ture. Cardiocentesis. cardiopylor'ic. Relating to the cardiac and pyloric extremities of the stomach. ° cardiore'nal [G. kardia, heart, + L. ren, kidney.] Cardionephric. cardior'rhaphy [G. kardia, heart, + rhaphe, a sew- ing.] Suture of the heart-wall. cardiorrhex'is [G. kardia, heart, + rexis, rupture.] Rupture of the heart- wall cardioschisis (kar-dl-os'kl-sis) [G. kardia, heart, -t- schisis, a division.] The division of adhesions between the pericardium and the chest-wall. cardiosclero'sis [G. kardia, heart, + sklerdsis, hardening.] A condition of fibrous, or connective- tissue, overgrowth in the heart muscle and endocardium, associated usually with similar degenerative changes in the arteries. caT'diospasm. 1. Spasmodic action of the heart. 2. Spasmodic contraction of the cardiac end of the stomach or of the adjoining portion of the esophagus. cardiosphyg'mograph [G. kardia, heart, -I- sphyg- mos, pulse, + grapho, I write.] An instrument for recording graphically the movements of the heart and the radial pulse. cardiot'omy [G. kardia, heart, -1- iome, incision.] Incision into the heart-wall. cardiovas'cular [G. kardia, heart, -I- L. vasculum, vessel.] Relating to the heart and the blood- vessels or the circulation. carditis (kar-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the heart. cardivalvuUtis (kar-de-val-vu-li'(le')tis). Inflam- mation of one or more of the valves of the heart. car'dol. A yellowish or reddish oil, CiiHjjOj, with vesicating properties, from the cashew-nut, the fruit of Anacardium occideniale. car'dus. Carduus. car'duus. Carduus benedictus, blessed thistle, the plant CniciiS benedictus; a bitter tonic in doses of 3f-i (2.0-4.0). cargentos (kar-jen'tos). Trade name of a prepara- tion of colloidal silver oxide, recommended in the local' treatment of gonorrheal and catarrhal af- fections of the mucous membranes. Cargile mem'brane (kar'gH) [Charles H. Cargile, American surgeon, *i853.] A membrane made from the peritoneum of the ox, employed to prevent adhesions after surgical operations. caribi (kar-e'be). Bicho; epidemic gangrenous proctitis. car'ica. Papaya, papaw. car'icin. Papain. car'icous [L. carica, fig.] Relating to or having the semblance of a fig. caries (ka'ri-ez) [L. dry rot.] i. Molecular decay of a bone in which it becomes friable, thinned, and dark, and gradually breaks down with the formation of pus; it is often of tuberculous ori- gin. 2. A gradual decay with excavation of the dentine of a tooth, due possibly to the action of Leptoihrix buccalis, commonly present in the mouth, t. fungo'sa, a form of c. of tuberculous origin accompanied with a fungous proliferation of the tissues, c. hu'mida, c. accompanied by suppuration, c. necrot'ica, c. with necrosis, in which pieces of bone slough off and lie in the carious cavity or are washed away in the purulent discharge, c. sic'ca, Volkmann's c, a form in which suppuration does not occvr. dry c, c. sicca, hu'mid or wet c, i;. humida, c. with suppuration. carina (kS-ri'nah) [L. the keel of a boat.] A term applied or applicable to several anatomical struc- tures forming a projecting central ridge, t. for'nicis, a ridge running along the under surface of the fornix, c. urethra'lis, the lower part of the anterior column of the vagina, in relation with the urethra, c. vagi'nas, c. urethralis. car'inal canal'. In botany, an air-channel asso- ciated with a vascular bundle. carinate (kar'i-nat) [L. carina, keel.] Keel-shaped, having a prominent central line like the bottom of a ship. carios'ity. Cariousness, state of being carious. ca'rious. Relating to or affected with caries, caris'sin. A glucoside obtained from Carissa ovaia siolonifera of Australia; it is a powerful heart poison. Carleton's spots (karl'ton) [Bukk G. Carleton, New York physician, *i856.] Small sclerosed areas in the shaft of a long bone or in the epiphyses, in cases of gonorrheal bone lesions. Carlsbad, Bohemia (karls'baht) . Alkaline-saline waters, 48° to 162.5° F- Nineteen springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gastric, hepatic, intestinal, renal, and cystic disorders, gout, diabetes, obesity, and constipation. Middle of April to October. Carlsbrunn, Austria (karls'broon). Ferruginous- manganese waters, highly effervescing, 45° F. Sexual disturbances and cranial disorders. Jime to September. carmal'um. A i per cent, solution of carmine in 10 per cent, alum water; used as a stain in his- tology. car'minate. A red-colored salt of carminic acid with an alkali. cannin'atiTe [1,. carminare, to cleanse.} i. Pre- venting the formation or pausing the expulsion of flatus. 2. An agent which relieves flatulence. carmine (kar'min, kar'min). i. The tinctorial principle, CitHisOio, of cochineal. 2. Car- minum (N.F.), a crimson pigment made from cochineal by treatment with alum. carmin'ic acid. Carmine (i); a red substance derived from the cochineal, forming carminates with alkalis. cannin'ophile, carminoph'ilous [G. phileo, I love.] Staining readily with carmine dyes. carmi'num (N.F.). Carmine (2). camauba wax (kar-nah-00'bah). A wax obtained from the Brazilian wax palm, Copernicia cerifera. camaubic acid (kar-nah-oo'bik as'id). A fatty acid, C24H„02, derived from camauba wax. car'neous [L. carneus.l Fleshy. camiferr'in. Phosphosarcolactate of iron; em- ployed as a chalybeate in anemia and chlorosis, in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). camiferr'ol. Trade name of a peptonate of iron preparation. carnifica'tion [L. caroicarn-), flesh, -I- facere, to make,] A change in certain tissues, especially the lungs, whereby they become fleshy, resem- bling muscular tissue. car'nine. A leucomaine derived from beef extract; it occurs as a white crystalline powder having the formula, C,H,N,0,. Carniv'ora [L. caro(,carn-), flesh, + vorare, to eat.] Flesh-eating animals. carnivore (kar'ni-var). One of the Camivora. camiv'orous. Flesh eating. Carnochan's opera'tion (kar'no-kan) [John M. Carnochan. American surgeon, 181 7-1887.] Ligation of the femoral artery for elephantiasis of the leg. car'nogen. Trade name of a preparation of bone marrow and fibrin. carnos'ity. ..Fleshiness. 2. A fleshy protuberance. CARO 165 CARTILAGE ca'ro [L.]. Flesh, muscle, c. quadra'ta Syl'vii [Jacobus Sylvius], musculus quadratus plantae, accessory muscle of the flexor longus digitorum. caro'ba. The leaflets of Jacaranda procera, a tree of tropical America; alterative and diuretic, given in syphilis and chronic rheumatism in doses of 15515-30 (1.0-2.0) of a fluidextract. car'obine. An alkaloid derived from caroba. cai'oid. Trade name of a protein digestant derived from the papaw. carot'ic [G. kardtikos, stupefying.] 1. Carotid. 2. Stuporous. caroticotympanic (kar-ot"i-ko-tim-pan'ik). Relat- ing to the carotid canal and the tympanum. carot'id [G. karoo, I cause to sleep profoundly (as by compression of the carotid artery).] I. Arteria carotis. 2. Relating to a carotid artery, c. ar'tery, arteria carotis. t. canal', c. fora'men, c. gland, etc., see the nouns. carotin (kar-o'tin) [L. carota, carrot.] A yellow pigment present in varying amount in carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and other vegetables, oranges, egg yolk, milk, and other food stuffs. carotinemia (kar-o-tin-e'mi-ah) [carotin + G. haima, blood.] The presence of carotin in the circulating blood; when in excess it causes a yellow discoloration of the skin resembling jaundice. carpaine (kar'pah-en). An alkaloid, CnHjjNOj, from the leaves of Carica papaya; diuretic and cardiac tonic, resembling digitalis, in doses of gr. J— J (0.01-0.02) of the hydrochloride. car'pal. Relating to the carpus, c. articula'tion, (i) wrist- joint; (2) in veterinary anatomy, the collected carpal joints, popularly called the knee. carpec'tomy ^G. karpos, carpus, + ekfame, excision.] Exsection of a portion or all of the carpus. car'pel [L. carpellum, dim. of G. karpos, fruit.] In botany, a female sporophyll, forming a pistil or one of the elements of a compound or syncarpous pistil, caiphologia, carphology (kar-f6-lo'ji-ah, kar-fol'o-jl) [G. karphos, bits of wool, -1- lego, I collect.] Floccilation; purposeless, semiconscious picking at the bedclothes, in high fevers and stuporous con- ditions. carpitis (kar-pi'(pe')tis). Carpal arthritis in the horse and other animals. carpocar'pal. Midcarpal; referring to the articula- tion between the two rows of carpal bones. caipogenic, carpogenous (kar-po-jen'ik, kar-poj'- en-us). Relating to the carpogonium. carpogo'mum [G. karpos, fruit, -I- gonos, a beget- ting.] In botany, the lower part of the procarp, or female sexual organ, in Ascomycetes. carpometacarpal (kar"po-met-ah-kar'pal). Relat- ing to both carpus and metacarpus. carpoped'al [L. pes{ped-), foot.] Relating to the wrist and the foot, or the hands and the feet; noting especially carpopedal spasm, a spasm of the feet and hands sometimes observed in laryngis- mus stridulus, and formerly used as synonymous with this term. carpoptosia (kar-pop-to'sl-ah) [G. karpos, wrist, + ptosis, a, falling.] Wrist-drop. Car'pue's meth'od [Joseph Constantine Carpue English surgeon, 1 764-1846.] Indian method of rhinoplasty by a flap from the forehead. car'pus, gen. car'pi [G. karposl] The wri^t. As a division of the skeleton, the eight bones of the wrist, viz., the scaphoid or naviculare, semilunar or lunatum, cuneiform or triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium or multangulum majus, trapezoid or multangulum minus, os magnum or capitatum, and unciform or hamatum. (In the above list, when two names are given the second is the [BNA] term.) The carpus articulates above with the radius and ulna, and below with the five meter carpal bones. car'rageen, car'ragheen. Chondrus (3). Carrasquilla's se'rum (kahr-rahs-keel'yah) . A serum believed by the author and others to be curative of leprosy. carre-four sensitif (kar-foor"son-se-tef') [Fr. sensory crossroads.] A term given by Charcot to the posterior portion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule where the sensory nerve tracts pass. Carrel's meth'od (kS-rel') [Alexis Carrel, French pathologist in New York, *i873.] End-to-end suture of blood vessels, permitting of the trans- plantation of large segments of limbs and of entire organs. C.'s mixture, paraffin melting at 52° C, 18; paraffin melting at 20° C, 6; beeswax, 2; castor oil, i; used to keep grafts in place on an ulcerated surface. C.'s treat'ment, treatment of wounds by intermittent irrigation with Dakin's fluid, the latter being made to flush every part of the surface, the wound having previously been freed from all foreign material and dead tissue. Carrel'-Da'kin fluid. Dakin's* fluid. carrier (car'i-ur). Vector, bacilli-carrier, a person in apparent health who is infected with some pathogenic organism to which he is himself, for the time being at least, immune but which, when accidentally transferred to another, may produce an attack of the specific disease. Carrion's disease' (kahr-ri-on') [Daniel E. Carrion, a Periivian student who inoculated himself with the disease in 1886, and lost his life thereby.] Oroya fever, the febrile form of verruga peruana. Car'ron oil [Carron iron works in Scotland where the mixture was first employed.] Linimentum calcis, a mixture of equal parts of lime-water and olive or linseed oil, applied for the relief of bums and scalds. carr'ot. The fruit or seed of Daucus carota, an herb yielding a common vegetable; used as a diuretic in doses of 5^-1 (2.0-4.0). c.-root, the vege- table, is used sometimes as a poultice in the treat- ment of ulcers. car'sickness. Nausea, dizziness, and sometimes vomiting, a syndrome similar to seasickness, sometimes caused by riding on a railway. Cars'well's grapes [Sir Robert Carswell, English physician, 1793-1857.] Masses of tubercles, in pulmonary tuberculosis, clustered around the finer bronchioles like a bunch of grapes. Car'ter's fe'ver [Henry Vandyke Carter, Anglo- Indian physician, 1831-1897.] Asiatic relaps- ing* fever. ' Car'ter's opera'tion [William Wesley Carter, New York laryngologist, *i869.] The formation of a new bridge of the nose by transplantation of a piece of bone taken from a rib. car'thamus. SafBower, parrot-seed, false or bastard saffron, the dried florets of Carthamus tinctorius; sometimes used in domestic practice as a hot tea externally to "bring out the eruption" in exanthematous diseases. cartilage (kar'tJ-lej) [L. cartilago, gristle.] A con- nective tissue substance characterized by its non- vascularity and by a homogeneous or fibrillated basement substance containing mucin, gelatin, and chondrin; there are three kinds of cartilage called hyaline cartilage, fibrocariilage, and fibro- CARTILAGE 166 CARTILAGO elastic cartilage; see below, access'ory c, a sesa- moid c. access'ory quad'rate t., cartilage alari- minor[BNA]. alar c, see under cart«7ago. ann's ular c, cricoid c. aor'tic c, the cartilage of the second rib on the right side behind which is the arch of the aorta, arthro'dial c, artic'ular c, the c. covering the artictUar surfaces of the bones forming a joint, aryt'enoid c, see under cartilago. au'ditory c, auditory capsule.* auric'ular c, the the cartilage of the concha or auricle, bone c, the animal matter of bone left after dissolving out the earthy matters with acid, ostein, u. bone, one formed from the ossification of cartilage, t. cap- sule, the ground substance in hyaline cartilage surrounding the lacunffi in which lie the c. cells. c. cell, a connective-tissue cell lying in one of the lacunae or spaces in the ground substances of carti- lage, u. corpuscle, c. cell. c. space, a. lacuna in the ground hyaline c. in which lies a cartilage cell, cell'ular c, an embryonic cartilage formed chiefly of cells with very little ground sub- stance, central c, a minute opacity in the cen- ter of the crystalline lens, cil'iaxy c, tarsal c. circumferen'tial c, labrum glenoidale [BNA]. conchal c, auricular c, cartilago auriculae [BNA]. connect'ing t., the cartilage in an immovable joint such as one of the sutures of the skull or the symphisis pubis, costal c, the cartilage forming the anterior continuation of a rib. cri- coid c, see under cartilago. cu'neiform w., see under cartilago. den'tinal c, the animal matter of dentine remaining when the earthy matter has been dissolved out with acid, diarthro'dial c, articular c. elas'tic c, fibroelastic c. en'siform c, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. epac'tile c, cartilago sesamoidea nasi [BNA]- epiphys'eal c, the disc of c. between the shaft and the epiphysis of a long bone. Eusta'chian c, "cartilago tubae auditivse [ B NA] fi"brocar'tilage, a form in which the basement substance is fibrillated, the fibers being arranged in bundles which interlace in all directions, fibroelas'tic c, a variety in which the cells are surrounded by a capsule of homogeneous basement substance, outside of which is an inter- lacing framework of elastic fibers in the basement substance ; many granules of the same appearance as the elastic fibers, called elastic granules, are also present in the basement substance, floating c, a loose meniscus articularis, especially in the knee-joint, gin'gival c, the fibrous tissue closing the open end of the loculus containing the une- rupted tooth crown in the infant, hy'aline c, the usual form of permanent, non-artictdar cartilage, in which the cells are embedded in a homogeneous or finely granular basement substance, innom'i- nate c, cricoid c. interartic'ular c, discus inter- articularis [BNA]. inteross'eous c, connecting c. intenrer'tebral c, fibrooartilago intervertebraUs [BNA]. intrathy'roid c, a narrow slip of c. join- ing the alae of the thyroid gland in infancy. invest'ing c, articular c. lat'eral c, one of the cartilages from the extremity of the third phalanx or OS pedis of the horse passing down to the heel of the hoof, loose c, floating c mandib'ular c, an embryonic c, Meckel's c, which forms the mal- leus and its handle, and also the mandible, me'- atal c, the cartilaginous portion of the external auditory meatus formed by the internal prolonga- tion of the auricular c. mu'cronate c, ensiform u., processus xiphoideus [BNA]. obdu'cent c, articular c. parachor'dal c, the anterior carti- laginous investment of the notochord preceding the formation of the chondrocranium. para- sep'tal li., cartilago vomeronasalis [BNA]. parenchy'matous k., cellular u. perio'tic c, a cartilaginous mass on either side of the chon- drocranium in the fetus, per'manent c, carti- lage which remains as such and does not become converted into bone, plez'iform c, fibroelastic c. precur'sory c, temporary c. pri- mor'dial c, temporary c. pul'monary c, the c. of the second rib on the left side behind which is the beginning of the pulmonary artery, quadrate c, accessory quadrate c. retic'ular c, ret'ifonn c, fibroelastic c. semilu'nar c, one of the inter- articular cartilages of the knee-joint, meniscus* lateralis [BNA], meniscus* medialis [BNA]. septal c, the c. completing the nasal septum anterior to the vomer, ses'amoid c, cartilago sesamoidea. sigmoid c, semilunar c. sternal c, a costal c. of one of the true ribs, supra-aiyt'enoid c, oorniculum laryngis, cartilago* corniculata [BNA]. tarsal c, the fibrous framework giving firmness and shape to the eyelid; see tarsus (2). tem'porary c, a cartilage which normally becomes ossified forming a part of the skeleton, thyroid c, see cartilago. true c, hyaline c. tubal t., cartilago tubae auditive, uni'ting c, connecting c. vo'merine c, Jacobson's c, cartilago* vomerona- salis [BNA]. xiphoid c, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. Y-c, the cartilage at the "bottom of the acetabulum forming the connecting c. for the ilium, ischium, and pubes. conversion into, cartilaginification, chondrification. ear, conchal c, auricular c, annular c, meatal c. excision, chondrectomy. eyelid, tarsal or ciliary cartilages, tarsus superior and tarsus inferior [BNAJ. formation, chondrogenesis, chondriiication, chondrosis. inflammation, chondritis, joint, arthrodial or articular c, circumferential c, meniscus, knife for cutting, chondrotome, ecchondrotome. larynx, thyroid, cri- coid, arytenoid, and cuneiform cartilages, pain, chondralgia, chondrodynia. ribs, costal cartilage, softening, chondromalacia, sternal, ensifomi or xiphoid c. thinning, chondroporosis. tumor, chon- droma, ecchondroma, ecchondrosis. cartilaginification (kar"tl-ia-jin"i-fi-ka'shun). Chondrification, conversion into cartilage. cartilaginoid (kar-til-aj'in-oyd) [L. cartilago + G. eidos, resemblance.] Chondroid, resembling car- tilage. cartilaginous (kar-til-aj'in-us). Relating to or consisting of cartilage. cartila'go [L. gristle.] Cartilage. c. ala'ris ma'jor [BNA], greater alar cartilage, lower lateral cartilage, forming the anterior part of the ala • nasi ; the crus laterals is the outer plate ; the crw mediale is the anterior part, curving backward to join the septum and forming with its fellow the tip of the nose. c. ala'ris mi'nor [BNA], lesser alar cartilage, one of two to four cartilaginous plates on the side of the ala nasi posterior to the larger alar cartilage. c. annula'ris, c. cricoidea. c. articula'ris [BNA], articular cartilage, a cap of hyaline cartilage fitting over the joint surface of a bone. c. arytasnoid'ea [BNA], an approximately pyram- idal cartilage lying on either side of the middle line posteriorly between the projecting ate of the thyroid cartilage, just above the lamina of the cricoid; the junction of the external border and the base forms a prominent angle (processus muscularis), that of the anterior border and the base forms a sharp-pointed process (processus vocalis) ; the base articulates with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. c. auric'ulse [BNA], the cartilaginous framework of the auricle or pinna ot the ear. c. basila'ris, the cartilage filling the foramen lacerum , fibrocartilago basalis [BNA]. c. clypea'lis [L. clipeus, clypeus, a shield], u. thyre- oidea. c. cornicula'ta [BNA], comiculate cartilage, cartilage of Santorini, a minute conical nodule of yellow elastic cartilage surmounting the apex of each arytenoid cartilage. CARTILAGO 167 CARYOGENESIS c. costa'lis, the cartilaginous portion of a rib. c. cricoid'eap the lowermost of the laryngeal carti- lages; it is shaped like a seal-ring, being expanded into a nearly quadrilateral plate behind (lamina) ; the anterior portion is called the arch (arcus) . c. cuneifor'mis [BNA], cuneiform cartilage, car- tilage of Wrisberg, a small rod of yellow elastic car- tilage in the aryepiglottic fold in front of the arytenoid and comiculate cartilages. c. ensifor'mis, c. xiphoidea, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. c. epac'tilis, c. sesamoidea nasi [BNA]. c. epiglott'ica, a thin lamina of yellow elastic car- tilage forming the central portion of the epiglottis. c. falca'ta [BNA], falciform cartilage, semilunar carti- lage, meniscus medialis ]BNA]. c. gingiva'lis, gingival cartilage.* c. guttura'lis, c. arytsnoideus. c. innomina'ta, c. cricoidea. c. intervertebra'lis, fibrocartilago intervertebraUs [BNA]. c. lingUEe, septum linguae [BNA]. c. mucrona'ta [L. mucro, a sword], u. ensiformis, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. c. na'si latera'lis [BNA], upper lateral cartilage, the cartilage forming on either side the anterior and lateral wall of the nose, between the ala and the bony skeleton. c. osses'cens [L. becoming bony], temporary carti- lage.* c. pelta'ta [L. pelta, a shield], c. thyreoidea. c. pe'nis, septum glandis [BNA]. c. peren'nis, permanent cartilage.* c. per'manenSt permanent cartilage. c. quadrangula'ris, c. septi nasi [BNA]. c. reticxila'ris, fibroelastic c. c. santorinia'na, c. corniculata [BNA]. c. scutifor'mis, c. thyreoidea. c. septi nasi [BNA], a thin cartilaginous plate filling in the gap between the 'vomer, mesethraoid; and nasal bones, and completing the septum nasi anteriorly. c. sesamoid'ea laryn'gis [BNA], a small nodule of yellow elastic cartilage sometimes present on the exter- nal border of the arytenoid cartilage. c. sesamoid'ea na'si [BNA], a small cartilage in the triangle on either side formed by the receding of the edge of the lower lateral cartUdge from the cartilage of the septum nasi. c. thyreoid' ea [BNA], thyroid cartilage, the largest of the cartilages of the larynx; it is formed of two approximately quadrilateral plates (alee) joined ante- riorly at an angle of from 90° to 120°, the prominence so formed constituting the pomum Adami; the poste- rior margins of the alse are nearly straight and ter- minate above and below in horn-like extensions {cornua) ; on the outer surface of each plate is a smooth ridge Qinea obliqua) connecting the superior and infe- rior tubercula (see tuberculum thyreoideuni) . c. trachea'liSp one of from 16 to 20 incomplete rings of cartilage forming the skeleton of the trachea; the rings are deficient posteriorly for from one-fifth to one-third of their circumference. c. triangula'ris, c. trlquef ra carpi, triangular fibro- cartilage, discus articularis [BNA], of the distal radio- ulnar articulation. c. triquet'ra, triquetrous cartilage, (i) articular carti- lage (discus articularisIBNAl) of theinteriorradioulnar articulation; (2) cartilago arytaenoidea IBNA]. c. tritic'ea [BNA] [L. triticeus, wheaten], a rounded nodule of cartilage occasionally present in the lateral hyothyroid ligament. c. tubae auditi'vae [BNA], a triangular plate of fibro- elastic cartilage, forming the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. c. vera, hyaline cartilage.* c. vomeronasa'lis [BNA], vomeronasal, vomerine or Jacobson's cartilage, a narrow strip of cartilage lying between the lower edge of the cartilage of the septum nasi and the vomer. ■ c. xiphold'ea, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. ca'rum (U.S.), ca'rui fruc'tus (Br.). Caraway, cara- way fruit; the dried nearly ripe fruit of Carum carvi (or carui), a biennial .plant cultivated extensively in Siberia, Northern Europe, and the "United States; carminative, st.oinachic, and diu- retic, in doses of gr. i-io (0.06-0.6). caruncle (kar'ung-kl). 1. A small fleshy pro- tuberance, or any structure suggesting such a figure; see caruncula. 2. In botany, an out- growth of the outer coat of a seed, usually near its apex, ure'thral c, a small, fleshy, painful growth 'from the mucous membrane, som'etimes occurring at the meatus of the female urethra. caruncula (kar-ung'ku-lah) [L. a small fleshy mass. ] Caruncle, c. hymena'lis (pi. carunculae hymen- ales) [BNA], c. myrtiformis, one of the numerous tabs or projections surrounding the orifice of the vagina after rupture of the hymen, c. lacrima'lis, a small reddish body at the inner canthus of the eye, containing modified sebaceous and sweat glands, c. ma'jor of Santori'ni, papilla duodeni. c. mamilla'ris, the collection of gray matter giv- ing origin to part of the olfactory nerve, tubercu- Itmi olfactorium. t. Morgagn'ii, the middle lobe of the prostate gland, c. myrtifor'mis (pi. carunculcB myrHformes), c. hymenalis [BNA], c. saliva'ris, c. sublingualis, c. sublingua'lis, a papilla on each side of the frenulum linguae marking the opening of the submaxillary (Whar- ton's) duct. Carus's curve (kah'roos) [Carl Gustav Carus, German obstetrician, 1789-1869.] An imaginary curved line, obtained as the result of a mathematical formula, supposed to indicate the axis of the pel- vic canal. car'vacrol. Oxycymol, betacymophenol, a color- less liquid, Ci3 Hu^' obtained from oils of thyme, savory, and marjoram, with an odor of thyme; antiseptic, but employed chiefly as a, perfume. c. i'odide, iodocrol, a yellowish brown powder, obtained from carvacrol as thymol iodide (aristol) is from thymol ; employed like aristol as a substi- tute for iodoform. carvene (kar'ven). A tasteless and odorless ■ ter- pene, CioHie, obtained from oil of caraway. car'vol. A fragrant liquid, CiqHuO, obtained from oil of cara*ay. caryenchyma (kar-I-en'ki-mah) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), -f- en, in, -I- chymos, juice.] The more fluid portion of the caryoplasm, or protoplasm of a nucleus. caryochromatophil (kar-J-o-kro-mat'o-fil) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), -f- chroma, color, -I- philos, fond.] Noting a cell with a readily stainable nucleus. caryochrome (kar'1-o-krome) [G. karyon, kernel, nucleus, -f- chroma, color.] Noting a nerve cell having only traces of a body, but a nucleus the size of an ordinary nerve-cell nucleus, larger than that of a cytochrome. caryocine'sia, caryocine'sis (kar"I-o-sin-e'sit-ah, kar"- I-o-sin-e'sis) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + kinesis, movement.] Karyokinesis, the nuclear changes occurring in cell-division; these may be direct, i.e. without certain complicated changes in the chro- matin of the nucleus Camitosis) or indirect, i.e. accompanied by these changes, with the formation of chromosomes (mitosis); the term was formerly employed as synonymous with mitosis. caryocinet'ic. Relating to caryocinesis. caryoclasis (kar-I-ok'la-sis) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + klasis, a breaking.] Fragmentation of the nu- cleus of a cell, caryorrhexis, caryoga'mic. Relating to or marked by caryogamy. caryogamy (kar-i-og'^-ml) [G. karyon, kernel (nucleus), -I- gamos, marriage.] Fusion of the nuclei of two cells, as occurs in zygosis or true con- jugation. caryogenesis (kar-1-o-jen'e-sis [G. karyon, nucleus. CARYOGENESIS 168 CASEIN + genesis, production.] Formation of tire nucleus of a cell. caryogenic (kar-I-o-jen'ik). Relating to caryo- ijenesis; forming the nucleus, parachromatic caryogonad (kar-i-o-go'nad) [G. karyon ntit (nucleus), + gone, generation, descent.) Gonad nucleus, germ nucleus, the nucleus in protozoa which contains the chromatin and has to do with the reproductive function. , , , ^ , caryolobic (kar-1-o-lo'bik). Having a lobulated or lobe-shaped nucleus. caryolobism (kar-l-o-lo'bizm) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + L. lobus. lobe.] The state m which the nucleus of a cell, specifically a leucocyte, is lobulated, characterizing the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles. caryolymph (kar"I-o-hmf) [G. karyon. nut (nucleus), 4- L Irmpha. clear water.] The fluid substance contained in the meshes of the linin network of the nucleus; ground-substance, nuclear hyaloplasm, nuclear sap. C,.\RYOCiN-Esis, Mitosis, or Indirect Cell Division (diagrammatic). A. Cell with resting nucleus; B, wreath, daughter ccn- trosomes and early stage of achromatic spindle; C, chromosomes; D. monaster stage, achromatic spindle in long axis of nucleus, chromosomes dividing; E. chromosomes moving toward centrosomes; F, diaster stage, chromosomes at poles of nucleus, commencing constriction of cell body; G. daughter nuclei beginning return to resting state; H . daughter nuclei showing monaster and wreath; /, complete division of cell body into daughter cells whose nuclei have returned to the resting state. (After Bohyn and von Davidoff.) caryolysis (kar-I-ol'i-sis) [G. karyon, nut {nucleus). + lysis, solution.] Apparent destruction of the nucleus, ,'tt least the loss of aflinity of its chro- m.'Ltin for basic dyes; chromatolysis. caryolyt'ic. Relating to cary(jlysis. caryomicrosome (kar-T-o-mi'kro-som) [G. karyon. nut (nucleus), -I- mikrus, sinall, + soma, body.] One of the chromatin of nut, d- form of achene in adherent to the coat of the One of the minute particles or granules making up the substance of the cell nucleus. car'yomit[G.feoo'o».nut (nucleus), -I- milos. thread.] One of the chromatin threads formed in mitosis, chromosome. caryom'itome [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + mitos, thread.] i. The formed material of the cell- nucleus, consisting of the chromatin threads and the nuclear membrane. 2. threads in the cell-nucleus. caryomito'sis. Caryocinesis. caiyomitot'ic. Caryocinetic. caryomor'phism. Noting the nuclear shapes the cells, especially of the leucocytes. car'yon [G. karyon, a nut, kernel.] The cell-nucleus caryophag, caryophage (kar'i-o-fag, kar'I-o-faj) [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + phagas, a devourer.] An intracellular protozoan parasite. caryophil, caryophile (kar'i-o-fil, or fll). Staining readily with thiazin-ammonium dyes. Caryophylla'cea. An order of polypetalous di- cotyledonous plants, including the carnation. caryoph'yllin. An odorless, tasteless, crystalliza- ble body, Ci„H,,0, from oil of cloves. caryophyl'lus (U.S.), caryophyl'lum (Br.) [G. karyon, nut, -1- phyllon, leaf.] Cloves, the dried unex- panded flowers of Eugenia aromatica, a hand- some evergreen tree of tropical countries; car- minative and aromatic stimulant, in doses of gr. I— 10 (0.06—0.6). car'yoplasm [G. karyon, nut (nucleus), + plasma, a thing formed.] The protoplasm of a cell-nucleus. caryoplastin (kar"i-o-plas'tin). Parachromatin, the plastic substance within the nucleus. caryopsis (kar-I-op'sis) [G. karyon. nut, -t- opsis, appearance.] In botany, which the pericarp is seed, as in wheat. caryorrhexis (kar-I-6-rek'sis) [G. karyon, nut (nu- cleus), -I- rhexis. rupture.] Fragmentation of the nucleus whereby its chromatin is distributed irregularly throughout the cytoplasm ; a"degenera- tive process and usually followed by caryolysis. car'yosome [G. A-orwM.nut (nucleus), + ioiiia, body.] One of the masses of chromatin at the nodes of the linin network of the nucleus; net-knot. caryospherical (kar-I-o-sfer'I-kal). Ha\-ing a spher- ical nucleus. caryotheca (kar-i-o-the'kah) [G. karyon. nut (nu- cleus), -f theke, sheath.] The investing mem- brane of a nucleus. caryozo'ic [(j. karyon, nut (nucleus), + zoon. animal.] Noting a protozoan parasite inhabiting the cell nucleus of its host. cascara sagrada (kas'kah-rah sah-grah'dah) [Sp. sacred bark.] (Br.) Rhamnus* purshiana (U. S.). cascaril'la [Sp. dim. of cascara. bark.] (N.F. and Br.) Sweetwood bark; the dried bark of Croton eluleria, a shrub of the Bahama Islands; aro- matic stimulant in doses of gr. 30 (2 .0). cascaril'line. A white, bitter, crystalline sub- stance, the active principle of cascarilla. cascarine Le Prince (kas-kar-ecn' le prahs). A French laxative, in the form of pills of^an extract of cascara sagrada. casease (ka'se-az). An albumin-digesting ferment of bacterial origin. caseation (ka-se-a'shun) [L. casens, cheese.] The con\'ersion of necrotic tissues into a granular, more or less pultaceous, amorphous mass of a grayish or light vellowish color, resembling cheese. casein (ka'se-in) [L. case-us, cheese.] A nucleo- pr<3tein ^leri^'cd from milk, the substance of cheese; it is, when dried, a fine white powder CASEIN 169 CASTRATED insoluble in water but soluble in dilute alkaline and salt solutions. caseinogen (ka-se-in'o-jen) [casein + G. gennao, I produce.] The chief protein in milk, the de- rivative of which is casein. ca"seo-i'odine. A remedy for goiter made of a mixture or compound of casein and iodine. caseose (ka'se-6z). A product resulting from the hydrolysis or digestion of casein. ca'seous [L. caseus, cheese.] Relating to or resembling cheese, noting a form of degeneration in which the tissues are transformed into a cheesy mass resembling inspissated pus. case'wonn, Echinococcus. cashfi (k4-sha'). Cach^. cashew' -nut. The nut of Anacardium occidentaU. CaSOj. Calcium sulphate, gypsum, plaster-of-Paris. casoid bread (ka'soyd bred). A bread used in diabetes, made with a meal prepared from casein. cassava starch (kah-sah'vah). Tapioca, starch from the root of Manihot utilissima and M. palmata, plants of tropical America. Cas'selberry posi'tion [William Evans Casselberry, American laryngologist, *i8s8.] A prone posi- tion assumed when drinking, after intubation, in order to prevent the entrance of fluid into the tube. Cas'ser's fontanelle' [Giulio Casserio, Italian anat- omist, 1545-1616.] Mastoid fontanelle. C.'s gan'glion, Gasserian* ganglion. C.'s per'forated mus'cle, the coracobrachialis through which the musctUo-cutaneous nerve frequently passes. C.*s per'forating nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve of the arm which often passes through the coraco- brachialis muscle. Casse'rian. Relating to or described by Casser or Casserio. C. gan'glion, Gasserian* ganglion. Cassia (kash'yah). A genus of herbs and trees of the family Leguminosw. C. acutifo'lia, the source of Alexandrine senna. C. angustifo'Iia, the source of Indian senna, c. bark, cinnamon. c. buds, the immature fruits of various species of cinnamon. C. caryophylla'ta, clove-bark, a cinnamon-like bark. c. fis'tula (N.F.), cas'siae pul'pa (Br.), purging cassia, the dried ripe fruit of Cassia fistula, pudding-stick; laxative in doses of 3i-2 (4.0-8.0). C. marilan'dica, the source of American senna, a drug of the same properties as the oflicial senna, but much weaker. C. occidenta'Iis furnishes ovate seeds used as a substitute for coffee, called Magdad or Negro coffee. cast. I. An object formed by the solidification of a liquid poured into a mould. 2 A mould of a tubular structure, such as a bronchial tube or a renal tubule, formed by a plastic exudate, blood c, a renal c. formed chiefly of a blood-clot, co- ma c, Kulz's cylinder, a renal cast of strongly refracting granules said to be indicative of im- minent coma in diabetes, decid'ual c, a mould of the interior of the uterus formed of the ex- foliated mucous membrane in cases of extrau- terine gestation, epithe'lial c, a renal c. con- sisting largely of cylindrical epithelium, false c, cylindroid, mucous cast, fatt'y t., a renal cast consisting largely of fat globules, gran'ular c, a renal c. of granular texture, usually an altered hyaline 0. hy'aline c, a renal t. composed of albuminoid material, mu'cous c, false or spuri- ous c, a thick cylindrical shred of mucus in the urine, re'nal c, cylinder, a mould of a renal tubule consisting of clotted blood, albuminoid matter, epithelium, etc. spu'rious t., mucous c , cylindroid. tube t., renal c. wax'y t., a cylinder of colloid material, found in the urine, due to colloid degeneration of the tubular epithelium. C^ Renal Casts: w, hyaline; b, granular; c, epithelial; d, fatty ; e, waxy. Castalian Min'eral Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline- sulphurous-carbonated waters. Thirteen springs, most of them cold. Cutaneous diseases. Casta'lian Springs, Miss. Sulphureted-chalybeate, 56° F., and saline-calcic. About fifty springs and wells. Used by drinking and bathing in hepatic, gastric, intestinal, and cutaneous affec- tions, and malarial cachexia. casta'nea (N.F.). The dried leaves, collected late in the season, of Castanea dentata, the American chestnut, employed in the treatment of whoop- ing-cough in the form of a tea or infusion (an ounce to a pint), or of the N.F. fluidextract in dose of 5 1 (4o). C. equi'na [L. eg«»»MS, relat- ing to a horse], horse-chestnut, hippocastanum. Castellani's absorp'tion test (kas-tel-lah'ne) [Aldo Castellani, Anglo-Indian physician.] In certain infections the serum will agglutinate two organ- isms; if now this serum is saturated with one of these organisms the agglutinins for both will be removed, if it is saturated with the other organ- ism the agglutinin relating to that infection only will be removed; the organism which, added in large amount to the serum, removes both agglutinins is the specific organism for that infection. C.'s bronchi'tis, hemorrhagic bron- chitis,* bronchopulmonary spirochetosis. Castellani -Low symp'tom (kas-tel-lah'ne) [Aldo Castellani, George Carmichael Low, Anglo-In- dian physicians.] A fine tremor of the tongue observed in sleeping sickness. cas'tor. Castoreum. cas'tor-oil. Oleum* ricini. casto'reum. Castor, the dried preputial follicles and their secretion from the beaver. Castor fiber or C. americanus; nerve stimulant in doses of gr. 10—60 (0.6—4.0). casto'ria. A proprietary remedy employed as a laxative for children. cas'torin. A neutral principle, occurring in pris- matic crystals, obtained from castoreum; it has the odor of castor, but little taste, and consti- tutes from 2 to 4i per cent, of the crude drug. cas'trate [L. castrare, to prune.] i. To remove the testicles or the ovaries. 2. One from whom the testicles or ovaries have been removed. cas'trated. Emasculated, deprived of the testicles or of the ovaries. CASTRATION 170 CATAPLASM A castra'tion. Removal of the testicles or ovaries. parasit'ic c, an arrest of sexual development caused by intense parasitic infestation in the young. casual (kazh'u-al) [L. casualis, accidental, by chance.] 1. Incidental, occurring by chance. 2. Relating to or caused by ati accident. casualty (kazh'u-al-ti). An accident causing in- jury or death. cata- [G. kata, down.] A prefix denoting down or in a downward direction, or destructive. cataba'sial. Noting a skull in which the basiou is lower than the opisthion. catabiotic {kat"ah-bi-ot'ik) [G. kaia, down, + biotikos, relating to life, vital.] i. Used up in the carrying on of the vital processes other than growth, or in the performance of function, re- ferring to the energy derived from. food. a. Functional, noting an activity of the cell ; opposed to bioplastic or vegetative. cataboric. Relating to catabolism. catab'olin. Any product of catabolism. catab'olisni [G. katabole, a casting down.] Destruc- tive or retrograde metabolism ; the breaking down of complex bodies of living matter into waste products of simpler chemical composition. catabolite (kat-ab'o-llt). Catabolin. catacrot'ic [G. kaia, down, -I- krotos, beat.] Noting a pulse-tracing in which the down stroke is inter- rupted by one or more upward notches. catac'rotism. A condition of the pulse in which there are one or more secondary expansions of the artery following the main beat. catadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'ik) [G. kata, down, + di-, two, + krotos, beat.] Noting a pulse-trac- ing in which there are two minor elevations or notches interrupting the descending line. catadic'rotism. A condition of the pulse marked by two minor expansions of the artery following the main beat. catadidymus (kat-ah-did'i-mus). A twin monster joined above but double below, catadiop'tric. Relating to both refraction and reflection of light rays. catagenesis (kat-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. kaia, down, 4- genesis, production.] Involution. catalase (kat'S-laz [catalysis + -ase.] A supposed enzyme in plant and animal tissues capable of effecting the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. cat'alepsy [G. kata, down, -f- lepsis. a seizure.] A morbid state, allied to autohypnosis or hys- teria, in which there is a waxy rigidity of the limbs that may be placed in various positions which they will maintain for a time. The sub- ject is insensible and irresponsive to stimuli; the pulse and respiration are slow, and the skin is pale. catalept'ic. Relating to, or suffering from, catalepsy. catalep'toid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Simulating or resembling catalepsy. catal'pa. The bark or fruit of Caialpa bignonioides or C. speciosa, cigar-tree, bean-tree, a large tree of the eastern United States; it is employed in eclectic medicine in the treatment of asthma and chronic bronchitis, in doses of i to 5 drops of the specific preparation catalysin (kat-al'i-sin). Trade name of a lecithin preparation recommended for internal use to strengthen the natural resistance in infectious diseases. catalysis (ka-tal'i-sis) [G. dissolution.] Chemical decomposition induced by the presence of a body which either takes no part in the reaction or is re- stored to its original state at the end of the process. cat'alyst. An agent which induces catalysis, a catalyzer. catalyt'ic. Relating to catalysis. cat'alyzer. Catalyst. catame'nia [G. kata, according to, + men, month.] Menses. catame'nial. Relating to the catamenia or menses. catapasm (kat'ah-pazm) [G. katapasma, a powder; katapasso, I sprinkle over.] A dusting powdei applied to raw surfaces or ulcers. cataphasia (kat-S-fa'ziah) [G. kata, down, + phasis, a declaration.] A disorder of speech in which there is an involuntary repetition several times of the same word. cataph'ora [G. a falling down.] Semicoma, or somnolence interrupted by intervals of partial consciousness ; coma somnolentium. cataphoresis (kat"ah-fo-re'sis) [G. kata, down into, + phoresis, a being carried.] Electric osmosis or transfer of fluids through a membrane from anode to cathode; the forcing of medicinal sub- stances into the deeper tissues by this means. cataphoret'ic. Relating to cataphoresis. catapho'ria [G. kaia, down, -I- phoreo, I carry]. Tendency of the visual axes of both eyes to assume too low a plane. cataphor'ic. Relating to cataphoresis, cataphora, or cataphoria. cataphylaxis (kat-S.-fi-laks'is) [G. kata, down, + phylaxis, protection.] Transport of leucocytes and antibodies to the site of infection. cat'aphyll, cataphyll'mn [G. kaia, down, -I- phylion, leaf.] A scale leaf or cotyledon. cataplasia, cataplasis (kat-ah-pla'zl-ah, kat-ap'la-sis) [G. kata, down, -H plasis, a moulding.] Rever- sionary metamorphosis ; a degenerative change in cells or tissues which is the reverse of the con- structive or developmental change; a return to an earlier or embryonic stage. cat'aplasm [G. kaiaplasma, poiiltice, from kaia- plasso, I spread over.] A poultice, a soft mag- ma or mush prepared by wetting various powders or other absorbent substances with oily or watery fluids, sometimes medicated, and usually applied hot to the surface ; it exerts an emollient, relaxing, or stimvilant, counterirritant effect upon the skin and underljring tissues. cataplasma (kat-ah-plaz'mah). Cataplasm, poul- tice, t. alu'mims, alum, poultice, made by adding 2 drams of powdered alum to the whites of two eggs and coagulating; cooUng and astringent, u. carbo'nis, charcoal poultice, made by macerating 2 ounces of bread crumbs, i J ounces of linseed meal, and i ounce of charcoal in 10 ounces of water and spreading J otmce charcoal over the surface before application; deodorant and emollient. t. caro'tae, c. dau'ci, carrot poultice, made with 4 ounces scraped carrot and i ounce of corn- meal, c. fermen'ti, yeast poultice, made with 6 ounces each of beer yeast and water and 14 ounces wheaten flour, or 2 ounces yeast, j pint milk, and powdered slippery elm bark; stimulant and deodorant, c. kaoli'ni (N.F.), clay poultice, made of kaolin 577.0, boric acid 45.0, thymol 0.5, methyl salicylate 2.0, oil of peppermint u.5, glycerin 375.0, applied in inflammatory conditions, c. li'ni, flaxseed or linseed poultice, made with 4 ounces linseed meal in 10 ounces boiling water, c. lobe'Use, lobelia poultice, equal parts of powdered lobelia and slippery elm bark made into a poultice with warm weak lye, employed to relax spasm. c. slna'pis, mustard poultice, mustard plaster made by forming a paste of ground mustard, CATAPLASMA 171 CATATHERMOMETER mixed with more or less flour or com meal ac- cording to the strength desired, t. so'dae chlo- rina'tae, chlorine or chlorinated soda poultice, made by adding 2 ounces of solution of chlori- nated soda to 4 ounces of linseed meal and 8 ounces of boiling water; stimulant and deodo- rant, c. stramo'nii, stramonium poultice, made by bruising fresh stramonium leaves and adding enough hot water to make a paste; employed in myalgia and neuralgia, c. syru'pi fus'ci, molas- ses poultice, made by mixing flour and molasses to make a soft paste, used as an application to bums and scalds. cat'aract [G. katarrhaktes, a trap-door.] A loss of transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye, or of its capsule, after c, secondary c. arbores'cent t., one in which the opacity has an appearance of branching lines. ar"idosil'iquate c, ar'ido- silic'ulose c, ar"idosil'iquose c, sUiculose c. az'ial c, nuclear c. black c, one in which the lens is hardened and of a dark brown color, blood c, the presence of a blood-clot anterior to the lens, blocking the pupil, cap'sular t., one in which the opacity affects the capsule only. cap"sulo- lentic'ular c, one in which both the lens and its capsule are involved; membranous u. ca'seous c, an overripe c. which has undergone cheesy degeneration, cen'tral c, nuclear c. complete' c, one involving the entire lens. comi'pUcated c, secondary c.(i). cor'tical c, one in which the opacity affects the cortex of the lens, dry-shell t., siliculose c. fi'broid c, a sclerotic hardening of the capsule of the lens, flu'id c, an overripe c. which has become liquefied, fu'siform c, spindle c. glass'worker's c, one occurring in glassmakers and supposed to be due to the glare from the molten glass, green 'C, glaucoma. hard c, phacosclerosis, hypermature' c, over- ripe u., one in which the sclerotic changes have progressed until the whole mass is shrunken, dry, and very hard (phacosclerosis), or in which the cortex has softened, in'fantile c, juvenile c. affecting a very young child, ju'venile c, a soft c. occuring in a child or young adult, especially one suffering from rickets, lac'teal c, a fluid c. in which the liquid lens is opalescent or milky. lamell'ar c, one in which the opacity is limited to certain of the layers of the lens external to the nucleus, lentic'ular c, one in which the opacity is confined to the sub- stance of the lens, phaco- scotasmus. mature' c, one in which the entire lens is hard and opaque so that it can be shelled out easily from the cap- sule, mem'branous c, a secondary c, composed of the remains of the thickened capsule with more or less degenerated lens substance, milk'y c, lacteal c. Morgagn'- ian c, a hypermature u. in which the cortex becomes soft and of a milky opacity while the hard dark nucleus sinks, nu'clear c, one involv- ing the nucleus only, overripe' c, hypermature c. perinu'clear c, one in which the nucleus is clear but is surrotmded by a ring or sphere of opacity, po'lar c, a capsular c. limited to a certain area over the anterior or posterior pole of the lens, pri'maiy c, one occurring independently Cataract Needles : A, straight; B, curved. of any other disease of the eye. progress'ive c, one in which the hardening process advances and finally involves the entire lens, punc'tate c, an incomplete c. in which there are opaque dots scattered through the lens, pyram'idal c, a cone-shaped polar c. ripe c, mature c. san- guin'eous c, blood c. sec'ondaiy c, (i) com- plicated c, one which accompanies or follows some other eye disease such as glaucoma; (2) after-c, one which occurs in the remains of the lens or capsule after a cataract operation, sedimen'- tary c, Morgagnian c. silic'ulose c.,sil'iquose c, calcareous degeneration of the capsule of the lens. soft c, one which is of soft consistence throughout and white in color, phacomalacia. spin'dle c, axial c, fusiform c, one in which the opacity is fusiform, extending from one pole to the other sta'tionary c, one which does not progress be- yond a certain stage, such as a polar c. to'tal c, one involving the entire lens, unripe' u., im- mature c. zon'ular c, lamellar c. cataract-needle (kat'i-rakt ne'dl). A small lance- pointed instrument used in the operation of discission -of a cataract. catarac'tous. Relating to a cataract. cat'aract-spoon. A small spoon-shaped instrument for removing a cataractous lens. cata'ria (N.F.). Catnep, catnip, catmint, the dried flowering tops of Nepeta cataria; employed as a "tea" in domestic practice as an emmena- gogue and antispasmodic, in doses of 3i (4-o), or a tablespoonful of the infusion of a strength of an ounce to a pint, or 3i (4-o) of the N.F. fluidextract. catarrh (ki-tahr') [G. katarrheo, I flow down.] Simple inflammation of a mucous membrane; popularly, chronic rhinitis, atroph'ic c, a chronic c, especially of the nose and rhino- pharjmx, resulting in more or less destruction of the mucous membrane- autum'nal u., hay- fever, bron'chial c, bronchitis, epidem'ic c, influenza, gastllc c, gastritis, hypertroph'ic c, a chronic c, especially of the nose and rhino- pharynx, resulting in proliferation and sometimes polypoid thickening of the mucous membrane. intes'tinal c, enteritis, laryn'geal t., laryngitis. light'ning c, influenza; any severe and rapidly developing coryza. Uthogen'ic intes'tinal c, mild inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane accompanied by the presence of intestinal sand in the stools, na'sal c, rhinitis, phaiyn'- geal c, pharyngitis, postna'sal c, chronic rhinopharyngitis, spring u., vernal conjunc- tivitis.* suffocative c, asthma, u'terine c, endometritis, ver'nal c, vernal conjunctivitis. ves'ical c, cystitis. catarrhal (kS-tah'ral). Relating to or affected with catarrh. catastal'tic [G. katastello, I check.] i. Inhibitory, restricting or restraining. 2. An inhibitory or checking agent, such as an astringent or anti- spasmodic. catas'tasis. i. A condition or state. 2. Restora- tion to a normal condition or a normal place. cat'astate [G. katastatos, settled down.] Any sub- stance formed in the process of catabolism or retrograde metamorphosis. catastat'ic. Relating to a catastate. catathermometer (kat-ah-thur-mom'e-tur) [G. kata, down.l A large-bulbed spirit thermometer used to measure the rate of cooling; the dry bulb c. indicates the rate of heat loss by radiation and convection, the wet bulb by radiation, convec- tion, and evaporation. CATATONIA 172 CATTANI'S SERUM catato'nia [G. kata, down, + tonos, tone.] i. Stupor. 2. A form of dementia praecox in which the progressive dementia, is interrupted from time to time by maniacal, melancholic, or stuporous intervals. catato'niac, cataton'ic. Relating to, or charac- terized by, catatonia; stuporous, c. demen'tia, catatonia (2) catat'ony. Catatonia. catatricrotic (kat"ah-tri-krot'ik). Noting a pulse curve with three minor elevations interrupting the downward stroke. catatricrotism(kat"ah-trik'rS-tizm). The condition in which the pulse curve is catatricrotic. catatro'pia [G. kata, down, + trope, a turn] Cata- phoria. catechin (kat'e-kin). Catechinic or catechuic acid, CjiHjoOj + sHjO, an amorphous yellow powder from catechu; used as a stain. catechol (kat'e-kol). Pyrocatechin. catechu (kat'e-choo, kat'e-ku) [East Indian name.] (Br.) Gambir (U.S.), a dried extract of the leaves and young shoots of Uncaria {Ourouparia) gambier, employed as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0) c. ni'gnim (B.A.), black catechu, cutch, an extract of the heart wood of Acacia catechu, employed as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3- ■i.o). c. pal'lidum, the official catechu (Br.) or gambir (U.S.). catelectrot'onus [cathode + clectrotonus.'] The change of electrical irritability and conductivity in a nerve or muscle in the neighborhood of the cathode. catenating (kat'e-na"ting). Occurring in a chain or series. cat'enoid [L. catena, chain, + eidos, resemblance.] Like a chain, noting a colony of protozoa in which the individuals are joined end to end. cat'gut. Sheep's intestine twisted into cords of varying thickness, used in medicine as an absorbable suture and ligature material, i.k.i.- catgut, c. sterilized in a solution of i part of iodine in 100 parts of a solution of potassium iodide, sil'verized c, prepared by immersion of u. in a 2 per cent, solution of coUargolum for one week and then in 95 per cent, alcohol for a quarter to half an hour. Catha (kath'ah) [Arab, khat.] A genus of African plants of the order Celastracece. C. ed'ulis, khat of the Arabs, a native of Abyssinia and Arabia which is cultivated for use as a stimulant, the leaves and twigs being used in the preparation of a beverage which has properties similar to those of tea and coffee, but said to be more stimulating to the imagination, like alcohol; the users of the beverage call the plant "flower of paradise." cathar^sis [G. purification.] i. Purgation, excess- ive action of the bowels. 2. Freud's method of treatment of a psychoneurosis, or freeing the mind of an affect-memory, by recalling to the patient's consciousness the original exciting cause and then working it off by letting him give expression, in speech or action, to the mental reaction thereby produced. cathar'tic. i. Purging, relating to catharsis. 2. An agent causing active movement of the bowels. cathar'tin. Cathartic acid, an extractive from rhubarb and senna ; a brownish powder, cathartic in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). Cathelin's ves'ical divi'sor (kat-lan') [Femand Cathelin, Parisian urologist, contemporary.] A rubber membrane attached to a very fine steel frame which, when introduced into the bladder, adapts itself to the inequalities of the inner surface dividing it into two compartments ; used as a means of separating the portions of urine coming from the two ureters. cath'eter [G. katheter.] i. A hollow cylinder of silver, India rubber, or other material, designed to be passed through the urethra into the bladder to drain this viscus of urine in case of retention from any cause. 2. A similar instrument used for passage through other canals, c. k demeure (S-de-mer') [Fr. demeurer, to dwell], one which is retained permanently or for a considerable period in the urethra, el'bowed t., one with an angular bend near the beak, of use when there is obstruction by the prostate. Eusta'chian c, one used for passage into the Eustachian tube. fau'cial c, Eustachian c. fe'male t., a short, nearly straight, metallic c. for passage into the female bladder, prostat'ic c, elbowed c. ver'tebrated c, one made of several segments moving on each other like the links of a chain. winged c, a soft rubber c. with little flaps at each side of the beak in order to retain it in the bladder. cath'eter-fe'ver. A chill and fever following the passage of a catheter. catheter-gauge (kath'e-tur-gaj). A metal plate with holes of graduated diameter used to determine the size of a catheter. cath'eterism, catheteriza'tion. The passage of a catheter. catheteroBtat (kath'e-ttu'-o-stat) [catheter, + G. siatos, standing.] A stand for holding catheters. cath'ion. Cation. cath'odal. Relating to the cathode, t. dark space, Crookes'* space. cathode (kath'od) [G. kathodos, a going down.] The negative pole or electrode of a constant electric current. catho'dic. Relating to the cathode ; electropositive. cathodograph (ki-tho'do-graf). An «-ray picture, skiagram. cathol'icon [G katholikos, universal.] A panacea, a remedy good for all diseases. cation (kat'i-on) [G. kation, going down.] Kation, an ion, the basic radical, carrying a charge of positive electricity; the element which, during electrolysis of a chemical compound, appears at the negative pole or cathode ; the atoms of hydro- gen and of ail metals are cations ; in the case of a salt the base is the cation, the acid the anion. cat'kin [dim. of cat, from its fancied resemblance to the tail of a cat.] In botany, a deciduous, scaly spike of unisexual flowers, as in the willow. cat'lin, cat'ling. A long, sharp-pointed, double- edged knife used in amputations. cat'nep, cat'nip. Cataria. Catoo'sa Springs, Georgia. Alkaline-saline waters ; "Chalybeate"; "Magnesia," "Alum," "Black Sulphur," " White Sulphur," in all fifty-two springs. Gastric, renal, and intestinal disorders, and general debility. catopho'ria [G. kato, downward, + pharos, a bearer.] A tendency of the visual axes to turn too far downward. catop'tric [G. katoptron, mirror.] Relating to re- flected light. cat's hair. Euphorbia pilulifera. Cattani's serum (kaht-tah'ne) [Giuseppina Cattani, Italian pathologist, ti9i5l A solu- tion of sodium carbonate, 3, and sodium chloride, 4, in water, 100. CAUDA 173 CAVERNOUS cauaa (kaw'dah) [L.] A tail. Any tail, or tapering or elongated extremity of an organ or other part. c. cerebell'i, vermis, c. epididym'idis, the globus minor of the epididymis.* c. equi'na [L. horse's tail], the bundle of spinal nerve roots arising from the lumbar enlargement and conus meduUaris and running down through the lower partof the canal below the first lumbar vertebra ; it comprises the roots of all the spinal nerves below the first lum- bar, c. hel'icis, a flattened process terminating the cartilage of the helix posteriorly and inferiorly. c. stria'ti, the posterior narrowing portion of the nucleus caudatus. caudad (kaw'dad). In a posterior direction, or toward the tail. caudal (kaw'dal) [L. caudalis.} Relating to any cauda, or ana- tomical structtu-e resembling a tail. caudate (kaw'dat). i. Tailed, possessing a tail. .i. Nucleus* caudatus. cauda"tolentic'ulaT, caudolentic'- ular. Relating to the caudate and lenticular nuclei. cauda'tum. The nucleus caudatus. caudez (kaw'deks) [L. trunk of a tree,] The main portion or trunk of an anatomical struc- ture, c. cer'ebri, (i) the main central portion of the brain — oblongata, pons, m i d b ra i n , thalami, and caudata; (2) pedunculus cerebri, c. doisa'- lis, (i) medulla oblongata; (2) spinal cord. caudiduct (kaw'dl-dukt). To draw caudad, backward, or in the direction of the tail. caudocephalad (kaw-do-sef 'al-ad) . In a direction from the tail toward the head. caul (kawl) [Gaelic, call, a veil.] I. The amnion forming the bag of waters, sometimes delivered Catlings. unruptured with the child; a piece of amnion capping the child's head when bom. 2. The great omentum. 3. Any serous membrane. pseu"doperitone'al c, a pathological membranous formation about the colon. caulicle (kaw'li-kl) [L. cauliculus, dim. of caulis, stalk.] In botany, a minute embryonal or rudi- mentary stem. caul'iflower excres'cence. Condyloma acumina- tum. cauUne (kaw'lin) [G. kaulinos; kaulos, a, stalk.] In botany, relating to a stem. c. bundle, a vascular bundle confined to the stem. caulophyllin (kaw-lof'il-in). A concentration prep- aration of Caulophyllum thaUctroides employed in frequently repeated doses of \ gr. (o.oi) for the same indications as the crude drug. caulophyl'lum [G. kaulos, stem, + phyllon, leaf.] (N.F.) Squaw root, papoose root, blue cohosh, the dried rhizome and roots of Caulophyllum thaUctroides; dose gr. 8 (0.5), or im8 (0.5) of the N.P. fluidextract; it is employed chiefly in eclectic practice as an emmenagogue, oxytocic, and antispasmodic in doses of i to 3 drops of the specific preparation frequently repeated. caumesthesia, caumaesthesia (kaw-mes-the'zl-ah) [G. kauma, heat, + aisthesis, sensation.] A sense of heat irrespective of the temperature of the air causal (kaw'zal). Relating to a cause, c. treat'- ment, treatment directed especially to a removal of the cause of a disease. causalgia (kaw-zal'ji-ah) [G. kausis, burning, -t- algos, pain.] A burning pain associated with glossy skin. cause [L. causal] That which produces an effect or condition; that by which a morbid change or disease is brought about, constltu'tional c, a c. acting from within or through some sys- temic defect, exci'ting c, the direct provoking c. of a disease, predispo'sing c, anything which produces a susceptibility or predisposition to a disease without exciting the disease itself, prox'- imate c, the immediate actual c. specific c, one the action of which produces only the one definite disease; such is the pathogenic microbe of diphtheria, tuberculosis, or tetanus. caus'tic [G. kaustikos; kaio, I bum.] i . Corrosive ; exerting an effect resembling a bum; escharotic. 2. An agent producing this effect, lu'nar c, silver nitrate, mit'igated c, argenti nitras mitigatus. Vien'na c, a mixture of quicklime and caustic potassa. caustlcum (kaw'stl-kum). A homeopathic remedy prepared by mixing recently slaked lime with potassium bisulphate and distilling; employed in various neuroses and paralyses, chorea, chronic rheumatism, and catarrhal troubles. cauter (kaw'ter). A cautery iron. cauterant (kaw'ter-ant). i. Cauterizing 2. A cauterizing agent. Cauterets, France (ko-t«-ra'). Sulphurous waters, 96° P. to 136° F. Numerous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in catarrhal, conditions, diseases of the respiratory organs, cutaneous diseases, glandular affections, rheumatism, and neuralgia. May 15 to October i. cauteriza'tion. The act of cauterizing. cauterize (kaw'ter-Iz). To apply a cautery; to bum with the actual or potential cautery. cautery (kaw'ter-I) [G. kauterion, a branding i^on.] I An agent used for scarring or burning the skin or tissues by means of heat or of caustic chemicals. 2. The destructive effect produced by a cauteriz- ing agent, ac'tual c, a c. consisting of actual fire or the heat produced by it. butt'on c, an actual c. in which the heated part is a knob on the end of a non-conducting handle. Corr'igan's c, button c. elec'tric c, galvan'ic c, galvanocautery. Paquelin c, see Paquelin. poten'tial c, a caustic, an agent such as potassium hydrate which forms an eschar without the agency of actual fire, steam u., atmocausis vir'tual c, potential c. ca'va. Vena* cava. ca'val. Relating to a vena cava. cav'aliy-bone. Rider's bone.* cav'ascope [L. cavum, hole, -t- G. skopeo, I view.] An instrument for examining the interior of any cavity. cav'ern [L. caverna, a grotto.] A cavity, especially a pathological excavation from loss of pulmonary tissue in tuberculosis cavernitis (kav-ur-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the corpus cavemosum penis. cavemo'ma, pi. caverno'mata [L. caverna, cavern, + G. -oma.] Cavernous angioma, i;. lymphat'icum, lymphangioma cavemosum. cavernous (kav'ur-nus). Relating to a cavern or a cavity; containing many cavities, t. angio'ma, a vascular tumor consisting of many large spaces, filled with blood, and freely intercommunicating. c. bod'y, corpus cavemosum. c. groove, sulcus caroticus [BNA], see wider groove, c. idle, a hollow CAVERNOUS 174 CEBOCEPHALUS bubbling sound caused by air entering a cavity partly filled with fluid, c. res'onance, amphoric* resonance, c. respira'tion, a blowing sound heard in both inspiration and expiration (the latter being lower in pitch) , on auscultation over a pul- monary cavity, c. rhon'chus, t. rSle. c. sinus, sinus cavemosus. c. voice sound, the hollow or metallic voice soiind heard over a pulmonary cavity. cavilla (k^-vil'ah) [L. dim. of cavum, cavity.^ Os sphenoidale [BNA]. cav'itaiy. Relating to a cavity. cav'itas. A cavity, c. glenoida'lis [BNA], glenoid cavity.* cavita'tion. The formation of a cavity, as in the lung in tuberculosis. Cavlte fe'ver (kah-ve-ta') [Cavitl, a town on the Bay of Manila. P. I.] A fever with muscular pains and high temperature, occurring at the Cavitl naval station, somewhat resembling dengue, cavitis (kav-i'(e')tis). Celophlebitis. cav'ity [L. cavitas.] A hollow space, abdom'inal c, the space bounded by the abdominal walls, the diaphragm, and the pelvis, amniotic c, the space enclosed by the amnion, especially that between the amniotic sac and the embryo. ank'yroid c, the comu inferius of the lateral ventricle, com'plez c, in dentistry, a c. in- volving two or more surfaces of a tooth, cot'- yloid c, the acetabulum, cra'nial c, the space contained within the skull, dig'ital c, the comu posterius of the lateral ventricle, fissure c, in dentistry a t. beginning in a fissure. gle'noid c, the hollow in the head of the scapula which receives the head of the humerus to make the shoulder joint, omocotyle, acetabulum humeri, he'mal c, coelom. na'sal c, the nasal fossa, o'ral c, cavum oris, pel'vic c, the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis; it contains the bladder and rectum and, in the female, the uterus, peritone'al fc., cavum peritonaei. pit c, in dentistry a c. beginning in a pit. sig'moid c, one of three hollows: two of the ulna, incisura semilunaris, incisura radialis; and one of the radius, incisura ulnaris. Eomat'ic c, ccelom. splanch'nic c, one of the three visceral cavities, cranial, thoracic, and ab- dominal including the pelvic, thorac'ic c, the cavity of the chest, vis'ceral c, splanchnic c. cavo-surface (ka"vo-sur'fis). Relating to a cavity and the surface of a tooth, noting especially the c.-s. angle formed by the junction of the cavity wall and the surface of the tooth. ca'vum [L.] A hollow, hole, or cavity, c. abdom- ina'le, c. abdom'inis, the abdominal cavity. c. articula're, a joint cavity, c. con'ch£B, cavity of the concha, the lower, larger, portion of the concha below the crus helicis ; it forms the vestibule to the external auditory meatus. c. Doug'Iasi, excavatio rectouterina [BNA]. c. epidura'le, epidural cavity, the space between the walls of the spinal canal and the dura mater of the cord. c. mediastina'le, mediastinum. c. m. ante'rius [BNA], anterior mediastinum. c. m. poste'rius [BNA], posterior mediastinum. c. o'ris, cavity of the mouth, the space between the dental arches, limited posteriorly by the isthmus of the fauces, c. pel'vis, the pelvic cavity, c. peritonae'i, peritoneal cavity, the interior of the sac formed by the parietal layer of the peritoneum, containing all the abdominal organs except the kidneys, c. pleu'ree [BNA], pleural cavity, c. Ret'zii, preperitoneal space, Retzius'* space, c. sep'ti pettu'cidi [BNA], cavity of the septum pellucidum, fifth ventricle, a closed cavity, containing a little fluid, between the two laminsB forming the septum pellucidum ; it does not communicate with the other cere- bral cavities, c. subarachnoida'le, subarach- noid cavity or space, the interval between the arachnoidea and the pia mater; it varies in size, being practically nonexistent over the summits of the cerebral convolutions, but wider in the intervals, and is flUed with a mesh of loose fibrous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid; it contains the larger branches of the blood- vessels of the brain. The spinal subarachnoid space is wide and is divided into three com- partments by the subarachnoid septum and the ligamenta denticulata. b. subdura'le, subdural cavity or space, the very narrow interval be- tween the dura mater and the arachnoid; it contains only a small amount of fluid sufiicient to moisten the opposing surfaces of the two membranes, c. thora'cis, thoracic cavity, c. tym'pani, cavity of the tympanum, tympanic cavity, middle ear; an air chamber in the tem- poral bone containing the ossicles; it is divided into the atrium or tympanum, the lower part of the cavity lying to the inner side of the mem- brani tympani, and the recessus epitympanicus or attic, c. u'teri [BNA], uterine cavity, c. ves'ico-uteri'num, excavatio rectouterina [BNA]. ca'vus [L. hollow.] Talipes cavus. cayapo'nia. The root of Cayaponia globosa or C. caboclea, Brazilian plants, having piirgative and emmenagogue properties. cayap'onine. An alkaloid from the root of Caya- ponia globosa, SL Brazilian plant; it is purgative in doses of gr. J— J- (0.01-0.03). Cayenne pepp'er (ka-en', M-en'). Capsictim. Cazenave's lu'pus (kahz-nav') [P. L. Alph6e Caze- nave, Parisian dermatologist, 1795— 1877,] Lu- pus erythematosus. C.'s vitili'go, area* Celsi. Cb. Chemical symbol of Columbiuin. CO. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter; the U.S.P. term for this is mil.* C.C.C. Abbreviation of cathodal closing, or closure contraction; also written CaCC. CCl3.CH(0H),. Chloral hydrate, CCI3CHO.H2O. CjCljHO,. Trichloracetic acid, CClj.COOH. c.cm. Abbreviation for cubic centimeter, c.c. C. C. S. Abbreviation for casualty clearing station. CCTe. Abbreviation for cathodal closing, or closure, tetanus.* Cd. Symbol of the element cadmivmi. Ce. Symbol of the element cerium. ceanothin (se-an'o-thin). An eclectic preparation from Ceanothus americanus; a brown powder having alterative properties ; employed in syphilis, dysentery, and catarrhal pharyngitis in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). ceanothus (se-S-no'thus) [G. keanothos, a kind of thistle.] New Jersey tea, the root or bark of the root of Ceanothus americanus, red root, a shrub of eastern North America; it is employed in eclectic practice in the treatment of diseases of the spleen and of catarrhal troubles associated with profuse mucous secretion; dose nEi-2 (0.03-0.13) of the specific preparation. ce'arin. An ointment vehicle composed of wax 1, paraffin 3, and liquid vaselin 4; is said to be miscible with water. ceasmlc (se-as'mik) [G. keazd, I split, cleave.] Not- ing a fissure or abnormal cleavage of parts. cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'S-lus) [G. kebos, monkey, -I- kephale, head.] A monster with features CEBOCEPHALUS I7S CELIOMYOSITIS like those of a monkey, slightly marked or absent nose and close-set eyes. ce'cal, cse'cal. i. Relating to the cecum, a. End- ing blindly or in a cul-de-sac. cecec'tomy, c£ecec'tomy [L. ctBcum -t- G. ektome, excision.] Excision of the cecum, typhlectomy. cecitis, csecitis (se-si'(se')tis). Typhlitis. ce'copexy [L. ccecum + G. pexis, fixation.] Typhlo- pexia. cecoplica'tion. Operative reduction in size of a dilated cecum by the formation of folds or tucks in its wall. cecopto'sis [L. ccecum + G. ptosis, a. falling.] Ty- phloptosis, downward displacement of the cecum. cecos'tomy, qaecos'tomy [L. ciBcum + G. stoma, mouth.] The operative formation of a cecal fistula. cecum, caecum (se'kum) [L. cacus, blind.] i. Typhlon, blind gut; the cul-de-sac, about 2 J inches in depth, lying below the ileocecal valve, forming the first part of the large intestine, z. Any similar structure ending in a cul-de-sac. c. cupula're, cupular blind sac, lagena; the upper blind extremity of the ductus cochlearis. c. vestibula're, vestibular blind sac; the lower extremity of the ductus cochlearis, occupying the recessus cochlearis in the vestibule. ce'dar [L. cedrus; G. kedros^ A general term ap- plied to many coniferous trees of the genera Cedrus, Juniperus, Thuya, etc. c. oil, oleum cedrelae, cedar-wood oil, a volatile oil distilled from the wood of Spanish cedar or cigar-box cedar, Cedrela odorata; used as a perfume. Cedar Springs, Ohio. Light alkaline-chalybeate waters. Numerous springs. Renal diseases, cystic catarrh, and dyspepsia. Ced'rela. A genus of tropical trees, one species of which, C. odorata, is the Spanish cedar from which cigar boxes are made; cedar oil, or cedar- wood oil, is distilled from the wood of this species. ce'^on. The wood of Simaba cedron, a tree of tropical America; used as a febrifuge in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0). cel'andine. Chelidonium. celas'trus [G. kelastros, privet.] The bark, espe- cially the root bark, of Celastrus scandens, climb- ing bittersweet, fever- twig, a woody climber of the eastern United States; employed in the treatment of hepatic affections and as a diuretic in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluidextract. -cele [G. kele, tumor, hernia.] A suffix , denoting a swelling or hernia of the part signified by the main word. celec'tome [G. kele, tumor, + ektome, excision,] An instrument, such as the harpoon, for obtain- ing a bit of tissue from the interior of a tumor for examination. celen'teron. Ccelenteron, archenteron. celeri'na. A proprietary remedy, recommended as a nerve-tonic. cel'eiy [G. selinon, parsley.] Apium graveolens; a plant cujtivated for use as a salad, the blanched stems being so used; the seeds are employed in medicine tmder the term, apium, as a diuretic and antispasmodic. ce'liac, cce'liac [G. koilia, belly.] Relating to the abdominal cavity. c. ar'tery, c. ax'is, arteria coeliaca. t. disease', a subacute diarrhea, marked by large whitish, frothy stools, becoming later greenish or dark brown, occurring chiefly in children under five years of age; the general symptoms are pallor, arrest of development. high-pitched weak voice, and muscular weak- ness, t. glands, lymphoglandulffi coeliacae [B N A] , a group of preaortic lymph glands around the c. artery, u. pas'sion, diarrhea, c. plex'us, plexus coeliacus, solar plexus. celiag'ra, coeliag'ra [G. kpilia, belly, -I- agra, seizure.] A gouty affection of the stomach or other ab- dominal organs. celial'gia, coelial'gia [G. koilia, belly, + algos, pain.] Colic, abdominal pain., celiectasia, coeliectasia (se-li-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. koilia, .belly, + ektasis, extension.] Abdominal disten- tion. celiec'tomy, cceliec'tomy [G. koilia, belly, + ektome excision.] Excision of any abdominal organ, or part of one. celiocentesis, coellocentesis (se"lI-o-sen-te'sis) [G. koilia, belly, -f- keniesis, puncture.] Puncture of the abdomen, paracentesis, celioparacentesis. celiocolpotomy, cceliocolpot'omy [G. koilia, belly, -f kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- tome, incision.] Celio- elytrotomy. celioelytrotomy, coeHoelytrotomy (se"U-o-eW-trot'o- mi) [G. koilia, belly, + elytron, sheath (vagina), -1- tom^, incision.] An operation involving an opening into the abdomen through the vagina, for the purpose Of removing a timior, the product of an ectopic pregnancy, etc. celioenterotomy, coelioenterotomy (se"U-o-en-ter- ot'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + enteron, intestine, -|- tome, incision.] Opening into the intestine through an incision in the abdominal wall. celiogastros'tomy, coeliogastros'tomy|G. feot'Wa, belly, + gaster, stomach, + stoma, mouth.] Es- , tablishment of a gastric fistula through an inci- sion in the abdominal wall. celiogastrot'omy, coeUogastrot'omy [G. koilia, belly, H- gaster, stomach, + tome,' incision.] Ab- dominal section with incision of the stomach. celiohysterec'tomy, coeliohysterec'tomy [G. koilia, belly, -I- hysiera, womb, + ektome, excision.] Abdominal hysterectomy; removal of the uterus through an abdominal incision. celiohystero-oothecectomy, coeliohystero-oothecec- tomy (se"U-o-his"ter-o-o-o-the-sek'to-mi) [G. koi- lia, belly, -I- hystera, uterus, -t- don, ovum, + iheke, case, box, -I- ektome, excision ] Removal of uterus and ovaries through an abdominal incision. celiohysterosalpingo-oothecec'tomy, cceliohystero- salpingo-oothecectomy (se"lI-o-his"ter-o-sal"pin- go-o-o-the-sek'to-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + hys- tera, uterus + salpinx(salping-), trumpet, + don, ovum, -f- theke, case, box, 4- ekiom-e, excis- ion.] Removal of the uterus and adnexa through an abdominal incision. celiohysterot'omy, cceliohysterot'omy [G. koilia, belly, + hysiera, womb, -t- tome, incision.] Abdominal hysterotomy; incision of the uterus through the abdominal wall, as in cesarean sec- tion. celiomyargia coeliomyal'gia [G. koilia, belly, + mys{myo-), muscle, + algos, pain.] Rheumatic pain in the abdominal muscles. celiomyomec'tomy, coeliomyomec'tomy [G. koilia, belly, + myoma + ektome, excision.] Removal of a myoma of the uterus through an abdominal incision. celiomyomotomy, coeliomyomotomy (se"U-o-mi"o- mot'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, + myoma -\- tome, incision.] Celiomyomectomy. celiomyositis, coeliomyositis (se-H-o-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. koilia, belly, -t- niys{myo~), muscle, + -iiis,"] Infiammation of the abdominal muscles. CELIOPARACENTESIS 176 CELL celioparacente'sis, ccelioparacente'sis [ij. koilia, belly, + parakcutcd, I puncture at the side.] Paracentesis, or puncture, of the abdomen; celii.icentesis. celiopyo'sis, cceliopyo'sis (se"h-o-pi-o'sis) [G. koilia, belly, + pyosis, suppuration.] Pyoperitoneum, purulent peritonitis. celior'rhaphy, coelior'rhaphy [G. koilia, belly, + rhaphc, scam.] Suture of a wound in the abdominal wall. celiosalpingectomy, coeliosalpingectomy (se"lI-o-saP pin-jek^to-mij [G. koilia, belly, + salpinx, trum- pet, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of one or both Fallopian tubes through an abdominal incision. celiosalpingo-oothecectomy, coeliosalpingo-oothe- cectomy (se"lI-o-sal"pin-go-o-o-the-sek'to-mI) [G. koilia, belly, + salpinxi sal ping-), trumiuet, + don, ovum, + iheke, case, box, + ekiome, excis- ion.] Removal of the Fallopian tube and ovary through an abdominal incision. celiosalpingotomy, coeliosalpingotomy se"n-o-sal- ping-got'o-ml) [G. koilia, belly, -(- salpinx (sal- ping-), trumpet, + tome, incision.] Incision into the Fallopian tube, for tubal pregnancy, salpingitis, etc., through an opening in the abdominal wall. celios'copy, ccelios'copy [G. koilia, the belly, a chamber, -|- skopeo, I view.] Examination of the abdominal ca\'ity; see celoscopy. celiot'omize, cceliot'omize. To subject to the operation of celiotomy. celiot'omy, cceliot'omy [G. koilia, belly, + lome, incision.] Abdominal section, laparotomy. celitis, coelitis (se-li'(le')tis) [G koilia, belly, + -itis."] Inflammation of the abdomen, peritonitis. cell [L. cella, a small chamber.] i. A minute structure, the living, active basis of all plant and animal organization, composed of a mass of protoplasm, enclosed in a delicate membrane and containing a differentiated part, the nucleus Cells are of the most varied form and structure according to the function which they have to perform; some are simple in structure and lead an independent or quasi-independent existence, being capable of reproduction and adaptation to environment; others are highly differentiated, fixed in form and location, and incapable of reproduction, self-nutrition, or locomotion. 2 A small closed or partly closed cavity such as the air cells, or alveoli, of the lungs, the spaces in cancellous bone-tissue, etc. 3. An element or unit of a galvanic battery, or the chamber containing the metals and acid media by the chemical action of which the electricity is pro- duced. (For the cells not here defined see the qualifying word.) acid c, one of the gastric cells supposed to secrete the acid of the gastric juice. acous'tic c, a hair-coll of the organ of Corti. adelomor'phous c, one of numerous small, pale, closely aggregated cells in the gastric glands, both of the cardia and of the pylorus; principal cell. ad'ipose c, fat c. adventi'tial c, pcrithelial c. air c, one of the pulmonary alveoli, alveoli pulmo- numflJNA]. albu'minous c, ccllula aquifcra. am'acrine c, see atnacrine . ame'boid c, a c. such as a leucocyte, having ame- boid movements, with a power of locomotion; wander- ing c. apo'lar c, a neuron without processes. apoplec'tic c, a cavity in the brain sut)Ktance, rrsult- ing frrtm the absorption of the blood elTused dunii); an apopJeutic atlrifk. basal c, bas'ilar c, one of the cells forming the deep- est layer of the epithelium. basket c, a neuron the fibrils of whose axis-cylinder form a network surrounding the body of another cell. beaker c., goblet c. bipolar c, a neuron having two processes. blood c, one of the formed elements of the blood, a leucocyte or erythrocyte. bone c, one of the nucleated cells in the lacunae of bone tissue. border c, delomorphous c. bristle c, one of the hair cells of the organ of Corti. bronchic c, ymlmonary air cell. brood c, mother c. calcig'erous c, a c. of the dentine, containing cal- ScHEMATic Diagram of a Cell: i. Cell membrane; 2; metoplasm granules; ,1, caryosome; 4, hyaloplasm; 5, spongioplasm ; 6, Unin network; 7, nucleoplasm. 8, attraction sphere; 9, centrosome; 10, plastids; 11, chromatin network; 12, nuclear membrane; 13 nucleolus; 14, vacuole. careous salts. calic'iform c, goblet c. carrier c, scavenger c, phagocyte. car'tilage c, sec cartilage. central c, adelomorphous c. column c, colum'nar c, one of the neurons in the posterior columns of the spinal cord, the axis cylinders of which pass to the anterior and lateral fasciculi proprii, or ground bundles, and to the posterior funic- ulus, or white column. connec'tive-tiss'ue c, any of the cells of varied form occurring in connective tissue. daughter c, one of the cells rcsuhing from the divi- sion of a parent c. decid'ual c, one of the large granular cells arising from the mucous membrane of the uterus after irnpregnation of the ovum, delomor'plious c, one of the large, isolated, readily stainable cells in many of the gastric glands, espe- cially at the cardia; lab-cell, border cell. dem'ilune c, Gianuzzi"s^^ cell. den'tinal c, calcigcrous c. dome c., one of cells composing the epitrichium in the embryo. elemen'tary c, embryon'ic c, ( t) one of the primitive cells in the embryo from which all the cells of the body are developed; (2) an undifferentiated cell in the adult having the characteristics of a cell of the embr>'o, endog'enous c, a cell formed within a cell and retained within the common enveloping membrane. endothe'lial c., a flat cell forming the lining mem- brane of the blood-vessels and serous membranes. epen'dymal c., a cell lining the central canal of the spinal cord (those of pyramidal shape) or one ol the cerebral ventricles (those of cuboidal shape). epider'mic c, one of the cells of the epidermis, epithe'lial c, one of the cells forming the epithelial surf-icp of the skin and mucous membrane. eth'moid c, cellula ethmoidalis. fat c., a connective-tissue c. distended with fat glr.lniles, the cytoplasm being compressed into a thin envelope, with the nucleus at one point in the per- iphory, fiber c, an elongated cell forming a conncctivc-tisues or muscular fiber. CELL 177 CELL-COLOR RATIO Ciliated Epithelial AND Goblet Cells. On the left is seen a goblet cell discharg- ing its contents; in the center is an empty goblet cell. floor c, one of the auditory cells in the floor of the arch of Corti. foam c, Mikulicz's cell, one of the characteristic vacuolated connective-tissue cells, often containing numbers of the pathogenic bacilli, found in rhino- scleroma. galvan'ic c, see under galvanic. ganglion c, nerve c. gas-chain c, a device employed in physical chem- istry to determine the dissociation of substances in solution by means of their electrical conductivity. germ, c, the primitive ovum. ger'minal c, cytoblast. giant c, a cell of large size, often with many nuclei. goblet c, an epithelial cell which has been dis- tended with mucin, and when this is discharged as mucus a crateriform or gob- let-shaped shell remains. grav'ity c, a galvanic c. in which the two fluids are not separated by a solid partition but are kept from mixing by difference in spe- cific gravity. hair c, a columnar cell having a row of fine stiff hair-like projections on the free surface, found in the maculae acusticse and in the organ of Corti, hecateromer'ic c, see hecatomeric. heckle c, prickle c. heterom.er'ic c, see hetero- meric. indiff'erent c, an undiffer- entiated, non-specialized embryonic cell. intersti'tial c, Henle's c, Leydig's c, one of the cells in' the connective tissue of the seminiferous tubules and the septa of the testis, or in the connective tissue of the ovary, which are believed to furnish the internal secre- tion of these organs. lymphoid c, a cell^resembling a leucocyte with large nucleus, present in the lymph-glands. mast c, see mast*-ceU. mastoid c, cellula mastoidea. mossy c, one of the two types of neuroglia cells, consisting of a rather large body with numerous short branching processes. mother c, a cell which, by division, gives rise to two or more daughter cells. motor c, the neuron of a motor nerve-fibril. mucous c, a cell secreting mucus, goblet c. mus'cular c, one of the elongated fiber cells of mus- cular tissue. nerve-c, ganglion c, the cell body of the neuron; a nerve-c. of the first type, or Deiter's c, has one neur- axon continuous with the axis-cylinder of a nerves fiber; a nerve-c. of the second type, or Golgi's c, har one neuraxon which does not form the axis-cylinde- of a nerve-fiber, but divides into numerous branches forming a dendraxon; a nerve-c. of the third type, or Cajal's c, has two or more neuraxons. '' neurog'lia c, one of two types of cells, spider cells and mossy cells {q.v.) occurring in the neuroglia. neuromus'cular c, a cell of a protozoan or lower metazoan organism which is both sensitive and con- tractile. oat -shaped c, a short, bluntly spindle-shaped cell containing a long oval nucleus, the characteristic element of some forms of sarcoma. oss'eous c, bone c. parent c, mother c. pari'etai c, Gianuzzi's* crescent. perithe'lial c, adventitial c, a clasmatocyte* lying immediately external to the capillary wall. pea'sary c, a red blood cell in which the hemoglobin has disappeared from the center, leaving only the peri- phery visible. ' pigment c, a connective-tissue c. containing pigment granules. 12 plasma c,, a large cell, resembling a lymphocyte, but of greater size, containing a large amount of basophile cytoplasm and a markedly excentric nucleus. prickle c, one of the cells of the stratum, germina- tivum (rete mucosum) of' the skin, having numerous spines or radiating processes. primor'dial c, embryonic c. prin'cipal c.^ adelomorphous c. prop c, Purkinje's* c. purpar c, the specific cell of the spleen substance; macrophag. Spider Cells. P3Tam'idal c, a nerve-cell of the cerebral cortex; it is of triangular outline with apex directed toward the center of the convolution and drawn out into a long apical dendritic process, and gives out also numerous lateral dendrites; a slender axon proceeds from the base and descends to the white portion of the gyrus which it enters as a nerve-fiber. pyr'rhol c; perithelial c; see also under pyrrhol. resting c, a quiescent c, one not undergoing mitosis. scav'enger c, a connective tissue or neuroglia cell which assists in absorbing and carrying off irritant products in inflammatory conditions. serous c, cellula aquifera, sleeping c, a cell which has become atrophied through disease, but which is capable of renewed growth and activity when properly stimulated. sperm c, a primitive spermatozoon. spider c, one of the two types of neuroglia cells, consisting of a small body with numerous long straight processes. squamous c, a flat scale-like epithelial cell. sustentac'ular c, one of the ordinary elongated cells, resting on the basement membrane, which surround and serve as a support to the shorter specialized cells in certain organs, such as the labyrinth. tubal air c, cellula pneumatica tubaria [BNA], tympan'ic c, cellula tympanica. wandering c, ameboid c. ceVla, gen. and pi. cellee [L. a cell, storehouse, or compartment.] A cell. c. meMia, the body or central portion, pars centralis , of the lateral ventricle, of the brain, in the region of the parietal lobe, extending from the foramen of Monro to the splenium of the corpus callosum. cellase (sel'az). A ferment, or diastase, acting specifically upon cellose. cellasin (sel'a-sin). Trade name o£ a ferment, said to be prepared from a culture of certain fungi, which splits sugars and is said to pass unchanged through the stomach and to act as an emulsifier of fats in the duodenum. cell-bridges. Minute protoplasmic threads knitting together the constituent cells of multicellular organisms, serving presumably as nutrient chan- nels and for the transmission of physiological impulses. cell-color ratio (sel"kul-ur ra'shyo). A figure ob- tained by dividing the percentage of red blood CELL-COLOR RATIO 178 CENESTHESIA cells (5,000,000 being the normal) by the per- centage of hemoglobin. celloi'din. Pyroxylin purified by solution in ether and alcohol, used for embedding histological specimens. cellon (sel'on) . Tetrachlorethane, acetylene tetra- chloride, CHCh.CHCh; a substance employed as a solvent o£ cellulose to make a coating for the wings of aeroplanes; its fumes cause drowsiness, jaundice, and general malaise. cell-organ. One of the differentiated parts of certain cells (situated usually in the outer zone or ectoplasm) which may perform functions of digestion, etc ; such cell-organs are the cytosome, cytopyge, plastids, or protoplasts, etc. cell'ose. A product of the hydrolysis of celMose. cellot'ropin. Monobenzoyl-arbutin, occurring as a white powder or in fine acicular crystals;, em- ployed in the treatment of tuberculosis and scrofulous affections in doses of gr. 5-8 (o . 3-0 . 5). cel'lula, gen. and pi. cel'lula [L. dim. of cella.] Cellule, a minute cell, a small compartment. c. aquif'era, albuminous cell, serous cell, one of the cells of the salivary glands secreting an albuminous fluid, c. co'U, haustrum. c. eth- moida'lis, ethmoidal cell; one of the air cells of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone; they are arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and communicate with the nasal fossse, the cells of the first two with the middle meatus and those of the posterior group with the superior meatus, u. mastoid'ea, mastoid cell, one of numerous small intercommunicating cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal bone which empty into the mastoid or tympanic antrum, c. mucip'ara, mucous cell. c. pneu- mat'ica tuba'ria [BNA], tubal air cell, one of several occasional small cavities in the lowei wall of the Eustachian tube, near the tympanic orifice, communicating with the cavity of the tympanum, u. tympan'ica, tympanic cell, one of numerous groove-like depressions in the walls of the tympanic cavity, commimicating with the tubal pneumatic cells. ceriular [L. cellula, a small compartment, dim. of cella, storeroom.] 1. Relating to, derived from, or composed of cells. 2. Areolar, having numerous compartments or interstices, c. tis'sue, a loose connective tissue, containing many spaces or interstices, such as the subcutaneous connective tissue, c. tu'mor, a tumor composed of cells in a more or less homogeneous stroma hav- ing no definite histoid structure, such as sarcoma. cell'ule. Cellula. cellulicidal (sel"u-U-si'dal) [L. cellula + ccedere, to Idll.] Destructive to cells. cellulif'ugal [L. cellula + fugere, to flee.] Moving from, or extending in a direction away from, a cell or cell-body, noting certain cells repelled by other cells, or processes extending from the body of a cell. cell'ulin. Cellulose. cellulip'etal [L. cellula + peiere, to seek.] Moving toward, or extending in a direction toward, a cell or cell-body, cellulitis (sel-u-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of cellu- lar or connective tissue, pel'vic y., parametritis, inflammation of the cellular tissue surrounding the uterus. ceir'ulocuta'neous. Relating to the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue. oeiruloid. A mixture of camphor and gun-cotton, or pyroxylin, made to imitate ivory, tortoise- shell, etc. celluloneuritis (sel"u-lo-nu-ri'(re')tis). Inflamma- tion of the nerve cells, acute' ante'rior c, Raymond's term for polyneuritis, acute anterior poliomyelitis, and Landry's paralysis which he regarded as one disease. cel'lulose. A carbohydrate having the same per- centage composition as starch, forming the basis of vegetable fiber. celol'ogy [G. kele, hernia, -I- -logia.] The branch of surgery which has to do with hernia. ce'lom. Coelom. celonychia (se-lo-nik'I-ah) [G. koilos, hollowed, + onyxipnych-), nail.] A deformity of the nail marked by a concavity of the surface, spoon- nail. celophlebitis, coelophlebitis (se-lo-flS-bi'(be')tis) [G] koilos, hollow, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -itis.' Inflammation of a vena cava; cavitis. celoschisis (se-los'ki-sis) [G. koilia, belly, -I- schisis, a fissure.] Gastroschisis, a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall, usually with protrusion of the viscera. celos'copy, coelos'copy [G. koilos, hollow, + skopeo, I view.] Examination of any cavity of the body. celoso'mia [G. kele, hernia, -f- soma, body.] Con- genital protrusion of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, usually with defect of the sternum and ribs as well as of the abdominal walls. celoso'mus. A monster with celosomia. celot'omy [G. kele, hernia, -I- tome, incision.] Divi- sion of the constricting ring for the relief of an irreducible or strangulated hernia, kelotomy. celozo'ic, coelozo'ic [G. koilos, hollow, + 20, I live.] Inhabiting any of the cavities of the body (there- fore extracellular); noting certain parasitic protozoa, chiefly gregarines. Cel'sius scale [Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer, 1701— 1744.] Centigrade scale reversed; a ther- mometer scale in which 100 degrees indicates the freezing point (32° F.) and zero the point of boil- ing water (212** F.); each degree Celsius equals 1.8 degree Fahrenheit. Cel'sus' or Cel'sian a'rea [Aulus (or Aurelius) Cornelius Celsus, a Roman writer of the first century, author of a treatise on medicine.] Alopecia areata. C.'s chan'cre, chancroid. C.'s ke'rion, inflamed and suppurating kerion. C.'s opera'tion, (i) circular amputation by a single sweep of the knife; (2) lithotomy performed by cutting directly upon the stone pressed into the perineum by two fingers in the rectum. C.'s pap'ules, lichen agrius. C.'s vitili'go, anesthetic leprosy. cement (se-ment', sem'ent) [L. ccnnentum.] i. Ce- mentum, substantia ossea. .:. Any ground sub- stance holding together cells or other structures. 3 . In operative dentistry, zinc oxychloride or other adhesive material used in filling a tooth-cavity. muscle c, myoglia. nerve c, neuroglia, tootii c, substantia ossea. cement'oblast [L. casmenium, cement, -f- G. hlastos, germ.] One of the cells from which the sub- stantia ossea of the teeth is developed. cemento'ma, cffimento'ma. A tumor arising from the substantia ossea of the teeth or composed of similar substance. cementoperiostitls, casmentoperiostitis (se-men-to- per-i-os-ti'(te')tis). Riggs' disease. cemento'sis. An enlargement or outgrowth from the root of a tooth. cemen'tum, csemen'tiun. Cement; substantia ossea. cenesthesia, coensesthesia (se-nes-the'zl-ah) [G. koinos, common, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] The general sense of bodily existence; the suboon- CENESTHESIA 179 CENTER scious sensation caused by the functioning of the internal organs. cenesthe'sic, cenesthet'ic. Relating to cenesthesia, to the subconscious perception of somatic exist- ence. ceno'bium, coeno'bium [G. koinobion, community life.] I. In botany, a colony of independent organisms contained within a common invest- ment. :i. In zoology, a cluster of many unicellu- lar organisms on a single pedicel. Cenomonadi'na [G. kainos, recent.] A family of Monadina, including ameboid organisms with small, frequently elongated, bodies provided with a flagellum at one end. cenopho'bia [G. kenos, empty, + phobos, fear.] A morbid dread of being in an open space, agora- phobia, cenosite (se'no-sit) [G. koinos, common, + sitos, food.] A facultative commensal organism; one which can sustain itself apart from its usual host. censor (sen'sor) [L. .censere, to value, judge.] The psychic barrier which prevents certain uncon- scious thoughts and wishes from coming to con- sciousness unless they are so cloaked or disguised as to be unrecognizable. centaurea (sen-taw're-ah) [See centaurium.] Blessed thistle, Cnicus benedictus, employed as a bitter tonic in doses of 5J~i (2.0—4.0), usually in infusion. centaurium, centaury (sen-taw're-um; sen'taw-ri) [G. kentauros, a centaur, the drug being said to have ctured a wound in one of the centaurs.] (N.F.) The dried flowering plant, Erythrcea centaurium, employed like gentian as a bitter tonic in dose of gr. 30 (2.0). center, centre [L. centrum; G. kentron.l i. The middle point of a body; loosely, the interior of a body. 2. A group of nerve-cells governing any function or receiving or sending out any stimulus. abdom'inal c, (i) a c. in the lower thoracic spinal cord for skin reflexes of the epigastric region; (2) solaJ plexus. accelerating c, a c. in the medulla supposed to increase the rapidity of the heart's action. acous'tic c, auditory c. anospi'nal c, a c. in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, controlling defecation. arm c, a c. in the cerebral cortex in the fissure of Rolando, controlling arm movements. associa'tion c, one of several centers in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum controlling associated movements. auditopsy'cliical c, a higher auditory center situated in the posterior part of the first temporal convolution. au'ditory c, the c. for hearing, situated in the gyri in the Sylvian fissure. cardioaccel'eratory c, accelerating c. cardioinhib'itory c, a medullary c. excitation of which slows the action of the heart. cerebrospi'nal c, cerebrospinal axis, the brain and spinal cord. n ciliospi'nal c, the center for dilatation of the pupil, in the lower cervical and upper thoracic portion of the spinal cord. color c, a center assigned to the cortex of the occipi- tal region where color perception resides. convul'sion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth ventricle, injury to which excites convulsions. coor'dinating c, association c. cor'tical c, any of the many centers in the cerebral cortex. coughing c, a c. above the respiratory c. m the medulla, excitation of which produces coughing. defeca'tion c, anospinal c. degluti'tion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth ventncle controlling the associated movements in swallowing. diabet'ic c, a c. in the posterior part of the floor of the fourth ventricle puncture of which excites glyco- suria. divis'ion c, kinetonucleus. ejacula'tion c, ejac'ulatory c, a center in the cord about opposite the fourth luinbar vertebra which con- trols erection and seminal emission; a portion ol the genitospinal c. epigas'tric c.) abdominal c. epio'tic c, the center of ossification of the mastoid process. Cortical Brain-cbnters: A, Lateral surface, B, medial surface, C, upper surface, of the hemispheres. C. C., corpus callosum: F', F^ F^, ist, 2d, and 3d frontal convolutions: G. F., gyrus fornicatus; P. L., paracen- tral lobule; P O., posterior central gyrus; PR., pre- centrai or anterior central gyrus; T^ first or superior temporal gyrus; T^, second or middle temporal gyrus; T', third or inferior temporal gyrus; T* occipitotem- poral, subcoUateral, or fusiform gyrus; T', subcalcarine or lingual gyrus. Centers: i, foot; 2, knee; 3. leg; 4. hip; S. body; 6, shoulder; 7, elbow; 8, arm; 9, wrist; 10, fingers; 11, thumb; 12, neck; 13, eyelids; 14, nose; IS. lips, 16, jaw; 17, tongue; 18, throat; 19, larynx 22, cutaneous sensation; 23, deep sensation; 24, stere- ognosis; 25, reading; 26, usual memories; 27, vision; 28, smell; 29, taste; 30, hearing; 31, word memories; 32, speech memory. * CENTER i8o CENTRIFUGAL erec'tion c, ejaculation c. fascial c, a c. in the lower part of the ascending frontal convolution for movements of the face. gen'ital c, genitospi'nal c, a center in the lumbar cord which controls erection and ejaculation in the male and parturition in woman. gus'tatory c, the taste c. located in the uncinate gyrus. heat c, one of the centers regulating heat production, thought to be in the medulla and the nucleus caudatus. high-level centers, the centers of reason, conscious action, thought, etc., located in the cerebral hemi- spheres. ide'a c, naming c. inhib'itory c, moderator c, one which prevents excess in the performance of any function. language c, any one of the centers concerned in language — hearing, speaking, reading, or writing — comprised within the area of the brain called the zone of language. leg c, a c. in the ascending frontal gyrus, controlling movements of the legs. low-level centers, centers of automatic action, regulating the action of heart, stomach, breathing, etc. , situated in the spinal cord and sympathetic ganglia. mastica'tion c, a c. in the medulla presiding over the associated movements of mastication. micturi'tion c, vesicospinal c. mid-level centers, coordinating centers regulating muscular action, storing up impressions as memory, etc., but incapable of originating conscious action, supposed to be located in the system of white fibers lying about the primary fissure of the brain. motor cor'tical c, one of the centers for voluntary movement in the ascending frontal and parietal convolutions. naming c, the center for the hearing of words, nervous c.» any one of the centers in the cerebro- spinal or ganglionic nervous system which origina,tes or controls any vital function. olfac'tory c, the c. for smell, supposed to be in the fascia dentata. optic c, the point in the crystalline lens where the rays cross each other in proceeding from the cornea to the retina. oval c, centrum ovale. parturition c, genitospinal c. peristal' tic c, a c.in the medulla presiding over the peristaltic movements of the intestine. polypne'ic c, panting c, one in the tuber cinereum, excitation of which causes panting. pu'pillary c, ciliospinal c. re'flex c, any center of reflex movement, transform- ing a sensory into a motor impulse. reserve' c, an unused or little used nerve center which can sometimes be brought into action in an emergency, as for example the speech center in the right frontal convolution. respi'ratory c, the c. in the medulla, in the floor of the fourth ventricle, which controls the respiratory movements. sal'ivary c, saliva' tion c, a c. in the floor of the fourth ventricle controlling the secretion of saliva. semio'val c.» centrum semiovale [BNAj. sen'sory c, any c. for the perception of a sensation including any of the special sense centers. smell c, olfactory c. sneezing c, a part of the respiratory c. where the associated movements occurring in sneezing are controlled. spasm c, convulsion c. speech c, the center for the memories of articulate speech, situated in the posterior part of the third left frontal convolution. subsid'iary respi'ratory cen'ters^ parts of the cerebral cortex, tuber cinereum, optic thalamus, corpora quadri- gemina, and pons, stimulation of which causes modifica- tion in the respiratory rhythm. sudorific c, a c. in the medulla, with subordinate centers in the spinal cord, controlling sweating. suprasegmen'tal c, one of the higher correlation centers of the prosencephalon. swall'owing c, deglutition c. sweat c, sudorific c. taste c, gustatory c, thermogen'ic c, heat c. thermoinhib'itory c, a c. supposed to be in the tubei cinereum, which moderates heat production. thermolyf ic c, thermoinhibitory c. trophic c, one of many centers in the sympathetic and cerebrospinal systems which preside over the nutritive processes. vasoconstric'tor c, a c. stimulation of which causes contraction of the blood-vessels. vasodila'tor c, a c. stimulation of which causes dilatation of the blood-vessels. vasomo'tor c, one of the centers controlling the movements of contraction and dilatation of the blood- vessels. ves'ical c, vesicospi'nal c.» a c. in the lumbar region controlling micturition. vis'ual c, one of the centers in the occipital lobe for the perception of sight; the primary, or visuosensory c. is situated on the mesial aspect and extremity of the occipital lobe; the higher, or psychovisual c. is situated on the external aspect in the cuneus and the lingual lobe. vital c, respiratory c. vom'iting c, a c. in the medulla, stimulation of which results in vomiting. word c, one of the centers in the language zone; the c. for visual word memories is in the angular gyrus extending backward into the occipital lobe; that for auditory word memories is in the posterior part of the first and the upper part of the second temporal convo- lution; that for memories of the movements in speaking is in the posterior part of the third frontal convolution. centes'ixnal [L. centesimus, hundredth.] Relating to or divided into hundredths, c. scale, in home- opathy the system of potentization in which each succeeding trituration or dilution contains y^ as much as the preceding one; i.e. one drop or one grain of any given potency is mixed with 99 drops or grains of the menstruum to make the next higher potency. cente'sis [G. keniesis, puncture.] Puncture of a cavity, usually for the purpose of letting out the contained gas or fluid. centibar (sen'tl-bar). A imit of atmospheric pres- sure, the hundredth part of a bar. cen'tigrade [L. centum, one hundred, -|- gradus, step, degree.] i . Consisting of one hundred degrees. 2. One hundredth part of a circle, equal to 3.6° of the astronomical circle, c. scale, a thermometer scale, in which there are 1 00 degrees between the freezing point and boiling point of water, c. thermom'eter, a thermometer graduated according to the c. scale. cen'tigram, cen'tigramme. The hundredth part of a gram, 0.1543 grain. centiliter (sen'tl-le-tur). The hundredth part of a liter, ten cubic centimeters, 162..-^ minims. cen'timeter. The hundredth part of a meter, 0.3937 inch, or practically ^ inch. centinor'mal. One hundredth of the normal, noting the strength of a solution. cen'trad. Toward the center. cen'tral. Relating to or at the center. centraphose (sen'trS-foz) [G. kentron, center, + a- priv.- -H phos, light.] A subjective sensation of a dark spot or patch, the cause being located in the optic brain centers. cen'tre. Center. cen'tric. Central, centriciput (cen-tris'I-put) [L. centrum, center, -H capui, head.] The central portion of the upper surface of the skull, between the occiput and the sinciput. centrifugal [L. cen trum, center, -H fugere, to flee. 1. In a direction away from any center, efferent. 2. A centrifuge. CENTRIFUGALIZATION 181 CEPHALODYNIA centrifugaliza'tion. The sedimentation of solids suspended in a fluid, by means of the centri- fuge. centrif'ugalize. To submit to rapid rotary action in a centrifuge. centrifuge (sen 'tri-fuj). 1. An apparatus by means of which solid particles in suspension in a fluid are separated; this is done by attaching the vessel containing the fluid to a long lever which is made to re- volve rapidly, the cen- trifugal force throwing the particles to the peripheral part of the rotated vessel. 2. To centrifugal ize. centriole (sen'tri-81) [G. kentron, a point, cen- ter.] A single granule in the centrosome; at- traction particle. centrip'etal [L. centrum, center, + petere, to seek.] In a direction toward any center, afferent. centrocinesia (sen"tro- sin-e'sl-ah) [G. kentron, center, -f- kinesis, movement. ] M o v e - ment excited by a stimulus of central origin. centrocinet'ic. B x c i t o- motor, relating to cen- trocinesia. centrodesmose (sen-tro-dez'moz) . Centrodesmus. centrodes'mus [G. kentron, center, + desntos, a band.] The substance connecting the two cen- trosomes in a nucleus during mitosis. centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'ith-al) [G. kentron, center, + lekithos, yolk.] Noting an ovum in which the deutoplasm accumulates in the center. centronu'cleus. Amphinucleus. centrophose (sen'tro-foz) [G. kentron, center, + phos, light.] A subjective sensation of a light spot or patch, the cause being located in the optic brain center. cen'troplasm [G. kentron, center, H- plasma, thing formed.] Archoplasm; the substance of the attraction-sphere. centrosclero'sis. A process of ossification filling up the marrow cavity of a bone. cen'trosome [G. kentron, center, + soma, body.] A minute round body in the attraction-sphere which divides in the initial stages of mitosis ;- the dynamic center for the reproductive activity of the cell. centrosphere (sen'tro-sf er) . The envelope surround- ing two centrosomes. cen'trum [L.] A center of any kind, especially an anatomical center, c. commu'ne, the common center, plexus* cceliacus. c. media'num, a spheroidal cell cluster in the nucleus medialis of the thalamus, c. medulla're, medttUary center, c. semiovale [BNA]. c. ova'le, c. semi- ovale. c. semiova'le [BNA], semioval center, medullary center, the great mass of white matter at the center of each cerebral hemisphere, as seen on horizontal section at the level of the callosum ; this is called sometimes the major semioval center, the minor semioval center being the figure pre- Centripuge for Sedi- MENTiNG Urine. sented on section about two centimeters above this level, c. tendin'eum [BNA], central ten- don of the diaphragm; a three-lobed fibrous sheet occupying the center of this structure. cephaeline (sef-a'e-len). An alkaloid, Ci4H2(|NOj, derived from ipecac;- it occurs in white silky needles; the hydrochloride is employed as an emetic in doses of gr. jV~^ (0.005-0.01). Cephaelis (sef-ah-el'is) [G. kephale, head, + eilo, I press.] A genus of tropical plants of the order Rubiacece, two species of which, C. ipecacu- an'ha and 0. acumina'ta, furnish the drug ipecac. ceph'alad [G. kephale, head.] In a direction toward the head or the anterior pole. cephalag'ra [G. kephale, head, -{- agra, seizure.] Gouty pains in the head. cephalal'gia [G. kephale, head, -|- algos, pain.] Headache, c. pharyngotympan'ica, headache dependent upon pharyngitis and catarrhal inflam- mation of the middle ear. Legal 's disease. cephal'anthin. An amorphous bitter glucoside from cephalanthus. cephalan'thus [G. kephale, head, + anthos, flower.] The bark, especially the bark of the root, of Cephalanthus occidentalis, buttonwood, button- bush, a North American tree; antipyretic and antiperiodic in doses of 5i~i (2.0—4.0) of a fluidextract. . cephalea (sef-al-e'ah). Cephalalgia, t. agita'ta, c. atton'ita, violent headache sometimes occurring in influenza and in the early stages of other infec- tious diseases. cephalede'ma, cephaloede'ma. Edema of the head. cephale'mia, cephalee'inia, cephalhs'mia [G. kephale, head, + haima, blood.] Congestion of the brain. cephalhematocele, cephalhsematocele (sef-al-hem-af- o-sel) [G. kephale, head, + haima, blood, -f kele, tumor.] i. Cephalhematoma, especially one communicating with the cerebral sinuses. 2. Caput succedaneum. cephalhematoma (sef"al-hem-3,-to'mah) [G. keph- ale, head, + haima, blood, + -oma.] ±. A blood-cyst of the scalp in a new-bom infant, due to an effusion of blood beneath the pericranium; caput succedaneum. 2. Cephalhematocele. cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi'dro-sel) [G. kephale, head, + hydor, water, + kele, tumor.] An extra- cranial serous cyst. cephal'ic [G. kephale, head.] Relating to the head. ceph'alin. 1. An organic extract, resembling leci- thin, derived from brain substance. ■^. A blood coagulant or hemostatic derived from the brain substance of the hog. cephalitis (sef-al-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the brain, encephalitis. ceph"alocathar'tic [G. kephale, head, + caihartikos, cleansing.] i. ''Clearing the head," causing the expulsion of mucus from the nose and accessory sinuses. 2. An agent having this property. cephalocaudal (sef-al-o-kaw'dal) [G. kephale, head, + L. Cauda, tail.] Cephalocercal. cephalocele (sef'al-o-sel) [G. kephale, head, + kele, henia.] Hernia of the brain, encephalocele. cephalocente'sis [G. kephale, head, 4- keniesis, puncture.] Passage of a hollow needle or trocar and cannula into the brain to drain an abscess or the fluid of a hydrocephalus. cephalocercal (sef"al-o-sur'kal) [G. kephale, head, + kerkos, tail.] Relating to both head and tail, i.e. to the long axis of the body. cephalochord (sef'al-o-kord). The cephalic portion of the chorda dorsalis in the embryo. cephalodyn'ia [G. kephale, head, -I- odyne, pain.] Cephalalgia, headache; specifically, rheumatism CEPHALODYNIA 182 CERATODERMIA affecting the fibrous structures of the scalp muscle. cephalogas'ter [G. kephale, head, + gaster, belly.] The portion of the enteron of the embryo near- est the anterior pole. cephalohaemat'ocele, cephalohaemato'ma. Cephal- hematocele, cephalhematoma. cephalohemom'eter, cephalohaBmom'eter [G. keph- ale, head, + haima, blood, + meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the degree of intracranial blood pressure. cephalo'ma [G. kephale, head, + -dma.] Encepha- loma, a soft carcinoma. cephalom'elus [G. kephale, head, + melos, a limb.] A monster with an excrescence resembling a leg or arm, growing from the head. cephalome'nia [G. kephale, head, + men, month.] Vicarious menstruation from the nose or other part of the head. cephalomeningitis (sef-al-o-men-in-ji'(je')tis) In- flammation of the cerebral meninges, or mem- branes of the brain. cephalom'eter [G. kephale, head, -I- metron, measure.] Craniometer. cephalone (sef'al-on) [G. kephale, head, + It. -one, an augmentative particle.] An idiot with large head and sclerotic hyperplasia of the brain. ceph'alont [G. kephale, head, + dn(pnt-), being.] A parasitic protozoon having an organ (proto- merite) for attachment to its host. cephaloorbital (sef-al-o-or'bit-al). Relating to the head and the orbits ; noting an index * so called. cephalop'agus [G. kephale head, + pegnymi, I fasten together.] A twin monster joined at the head. Cephalopagus. cephalop'athy [G. kephale, head, -I- pathos, suffer- ing.] Any disease affecting the head, especially the brain. ceph"alopharynge'us. Musculus constrictor pharyn- gis superior. cephaloplegia (sefal-o-ple'jl-ah) [G. kephale, head, -t- plege, stroke ] Paralysis of the muscles of the head. cephalorrhachidian (sef"al-o-rS-kid'I-an.) [G. keph- ale, head, + rhachis, spine.] Relating to the head and the spine. cephalothoracic (sef"al-o-tho-ras'ik). Relating to the head and the chest. ceph"alothoracop'agus [G. kephale, head, + thorax, chest, + pegnymi, I fasten together.] A double monster attached by the head and thorax. ceph'alotoxne [G. kephale, head, + tome, a cutting.] An instrument for cutting in two the fetal head to permit of its compression in cases of dystocia. cephalot'omy. The operation of cutting in two the head of the fetus to facilitate compression, when it is iisproportionately large and prevents birth. cephalotribe (sef'al-o-trib) [G. kephale, head, + tribo, I bruise.] A forceps-like instrument, with strong blades and a screw handle, by means of which the fetal head can be crushed. ceph'alotripsy. Crushing of the fetal head in cases of dystocia. cephalotrype'sis [G. kephale, head, + trypesis, a boring,] The operation of trephining. cep'tot [L. capere, to take.] i. In Ehrlich's theory of immunity, a receptor which has been thrown off as a result of overproduction; intermediary body, immune body, haptin ; it may be an ambo- ceptor (cytolysin or bacteriolysin) or a uniceptor (the antitoxin molecule). 2. A nervous mech- anism adapted to the appreciation and transmis- sion of stimuli from the periphery to the nerve centers; see beneceptor and nociceptor, chem'ical c, one of the nerve ceptors widely distributed throughout the respiratory and alimentary sys- tems and in the brain and medulla, which initiate Tarnier's Cephalotribe. purely chemical reactions in response to the ap- propriate stimuli, con'tact c, a nerve c. in the surface layer of skin or mucous membrane by means of which impulses contributed by direct physical impact are apprehended, dis'tance c, a nerve mechanism of one of the organs of special sense whereby the being is brought into relation with his distant environment through unseen forces — aerial or ethereal vibrations, effec'tor t., one {jf the specific receptor mechanisms, or nerve ceptors, within the brain which, according to Crile's theory, receive special action impulses and are thereby so modified that the subsequent passage of an identical impulse is greatly facili- tated; see action pattern.* nerve c, ceptor (2). ce'ra. Wax. c. al'ba (U.S. and Br.), white wax, bleached wax; yellow wax bleached by being rolled very thin and exposed to the light and air. u. fla'va (U.S. and Br.), yellow wax, a yellowish solid brittle substance prepared from the honey- comb of the hive-bee. ceramu'ria [G. keramos, potter's earth, -1- ouron, urine ] Phosphaturia. ce'rasin. An eclectic preparation from wild cherry bark ; a brown powder, employed as a bitter tonic, sedative, and expectorant in coughs, colds, pal- pitation, and general debility, in doses of gr. 2—10 (o. 13—0.6). cer'asinose. A carbohydrate in the gummy exu- dation from the bark of the cherry tree. cer'asus [L.] Cherry; see prunus. cerate (se'rat). Ceratum. cam'phor t., ceratum camphorae. coni'pound cam'phor c, camphor ice, ceratum camphorse compositum. Goulard's' c., c. plumbi subacetatis. sim'ple c, ceratum. cer'atin. Keratin. ceratitis (ser-a-ti'(te')tis). Keratitis, inflammation of the cornea. cerato-. For words beginning thus, not given here, see under kerato-. cer'atocele (ser'S-to-sel). [G. keras, horn, + keli, hernia.] i. Hernia of Descemet's membrane through a defect in the outer layer of the cornea ; keratocele. 2. A homy tumor. ceratocente'sis [G. keras, horn (cornea), + kentesis, puncture.] Puncture of the cornea, keratonyxis. ceratoco'nus. Conical cornea, a cone-shaped bulg- ing of the cornea, staphyloma corneas. ceratocri'coid [G. keras, horn, comu, -I- cricoid.] Relating to the inferior comua of the thyroid cartilage and to the cricoid cartilage, or tl. e cri- cothyroid articulation, c. muscle, musculus cera- tocricoideus. ceratoder'mia. Keratodermia. CERATODERMATITIS 183 ceratodermatitis (ser-a-to-der-ma-ti'(te')tis). Kera- todermatitis. ceratogenous (ser-S-toj'en-us). Keratogenous, causing a growth of homy cells or tissue. ceratoglos'sus. The fibers of the musculus hypo- glossus arising from the greater comu of the hyoid bone. ceratohyal (ser"a-to-hi'al) [G. keras, horn.] Relat- ing to one of the comua of the hyoid bone. ceratohy'alin. Eleidin. ceratomala'cia. Xerotic keratitis, keratomalacia.* ceraton'osus [G. keras, horn, + nosos, disease.] A disease of the cornea, keratonosus. cer'atoplasty [G. keras, horn, + plasso, I form.] Plastic surgery to xepair a defect of the cornea, keratoplasty. cerato'sis. Keratosis, any disease of the homy layer of the epidermis. ceratot'omy [G. keras, hom, + tome, a cutting.] In- cision into the comea, keratotomy. cera'tum [L. ceratus, waxed.] Cerate, an unctuous solid preparation, harder than an ointment, con- taining sufficient wax to prevent it from melting when applied to the skin. The U.S. P. ceratum, simple cerate, contains white wax 30, white petrolatum 20, benzoinated lard 50. c. calami'- nae, Turner's cerate, calamine and yellow wax, of each 15, olive oil 40, application for bums. c. campho'rsB, camphor cerate; contains camphor liniment 10, white wax 35, white petrolatum 15, benzoinated lard, 40. c. campho'rse compos'- itum, compound camphor cerate, camphor ice; camphor 10.7, benzoic acid i, phenol 0.2, oil of bitter almond o.i, in a firm mixture of white wax, spermaceti, and castor oil to make 100; antisep- tic and protective application for chapped lips, hands, etc. c. canthar'idis, cantharides cerate, contains cantharides 32, yellow wax 18, rosin 18, lard 17, liquid petrolatum 15; used locally as an epispastic. n. ceta'cei, spermaceti cerate, con- tains spermaceti 10, white wax 35, olive oil 55. c. fla'vum, yellow cerate, a mixture of yellow wax 10, oil of sweet almond 35, water 25. c. gale'ni, cold cream, unguentum* aqu^e rosse. c. iodo- for'mi, iodoform cerate, equal parts of iodoform and hard paraffin, t. petro'lei, soft white paraf- fin 2, hard paraffin ±. c. plum'bi subaceta'tis, cerate of lead subacetate, Goulard's cerate, contains solution of lead subacetate 20, wool-fat 20, paraffin 20, white petrolatum 38, camphor 2. c. resi'nae, rosin cerate, basilicon ointment; contains rosin 35, yellow wax 15, lard 50. c. resi'nae compos'itttm (N.F.), compound rosin cerate, Deshler's salve; contains rosin 2 2. 5, yel- low wax 22.5, prepared suet 30, turpentine 1 1 . s, linseed oil 13.5. cer'berid. A glucoside from Thevelia yccotU. cerca'ria [G. kerkos, tail.] The final larval stage of the trematode worms; it consists of a body and (usually) an elongated tail, resembling a tadpole; it is developed within the redia or sporocyst. cerclage (sair-klazh') [P. an encircling, hooping, banding.] Binding together the ends of an obliquely fractured bone or the fragments of a broken patella, brought into close apposition, by an encircling wire loop or bandage, tightly drawn, or a ring. cercom'onad. A unicellular organism of the genus Cercomonas. Cercom'onas [G. kerkos, tail, -t- monas. unit, monad.] A genus of flagellate infusoria, some species of which are parasitic in man, but whether patho- genic or not is undetermined. C. intestina'lis, I CEREBROLOGY a. species found in the intestinal discharges in certain cases of diarrhea. cer'cus, gen. and pi. cer'ci [G. kerkos, tail.] A stiff hair-like structure. ce'real [L. Ceres, the goddess of agriculture.] Re- lating to any edible grain or the plant producing it. cere'alin. A diastase obtained from bran. cerebell'ar. Relating to the cerebellum. cerebel'lic. Cerebellar. ceTebellif'ugal [L. fugere, to fiee.] Extending from the cerebellum. cerebellip'etal [L. peiere, to seek.] Extending toward the cerebellum. cerebellitis (ser-e-bel-i'(e')tis) Inflammation of the cerebellum. cerebeir'o-ol'ivary. Relating to the cerebellum and the oliva. cerebelloru'bral. Relating to the cerebellum and the red nucleus, c. system, the linking of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with the red nucleus of the opposite side through the superior cerebellar peduncle ; a motor system. cerebellorubrospinal (ser-e-bel"o-ru-bro-spi'nal) . Relating to the cerebellum, the red nucleus, and the spinal cord. c. system, the ■ combined cere- bellorubral and rubrospinal systems. cerebellospi'nal. Relating to the cerebellum and the spinal cord. cerebellum (ser-eTbel'um) [L. dim. of cerebrum, brain.] The posterior brain mass, lying behind the pons and medulla and beneath the posterior portion of the cerebrum; it consists of two lateral hemispheres united by a narrow middle portion, the vermis. cer'ebral. Relating to the cerebrum, t. decom- pres'sion, removal of a piece of the cranium, usually in the subtemporal region over the silent area, with incision of the dura, to relieve intra- cranial pressure, c. hem'isphere, the large mass of brain substance on either side of the great longitudinal fissure. cerebralgia (ser-e-bral'jj-ah) [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. algos, pain.] Cephalalgia, headache. cerebrasthenia (ser"e-bras-the'n!-ah) [L. cerebrum, brain, -I- G. asfheneia, weakness.] Psychasthenia. cer'ebrate. To functionate, in reference to the brain. cerebra'tion. Brain action, mental activity. cerebiiform (ser-eb'rl-form) [L. cerebrum, brain, + forma, form.] Resembling the brain or the cere- brum in external appearance or structure. cerebrifugal (ser-e-brif'u-gal) [L. fugere, to flee.] Proceeding away from the brain, noting efferent nerve-fibers or impulses. cer'ebrin. i . One of a number of fatty nitrogenous substances, containing no phosphorus, derived from nerve-tissue, yolk of egg, and various organs. 2. A brain extract which has been employed therapeutically. cereb'rinin. Trade name of cerebrin (2) obtained from the calf's brain. cerebrip'etal [L. petere, to seek.] Proceeding toward the brain or cerebrum, noting nerve-fibers or impulses. cerebritis (ser-e-bri'(bre')tis). Inflammation of the brain, more particularly of the cerebrum. cer"ebrogalac'tose. Cerebrose. cer'ebroid [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. eidos, resem- blance.] Cerebriform, encephaloid. cer'ebrol. An oily reddish liquid obtainable from brain-tissue. cerebrol'ogy [L. cerebrum, brain, -I- G. -togt'o.] Encephalology. CEREBROMA 184 CERVICOBRACHIAL cerebro'ma. Encephaloma (i), hernia of the brain substance. cerebromala'cia [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. ntalakia, softness.] Encephalomalacia ; softening of the brain, specifically of the cerebrum. cerebromed'uUary [L. cerebrum, brain, + medulla, spinal cord.] Cerebrospinal. cerebrom'eter [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. metrqn, meas- ure.] Encephalometer. cerebrop'athy [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. pathos, suffer- ing.] Encephalopathy. cerebrophysiology (ser"e-bro-fiz-I-ol'o-ji). The physiology of the brain. cerebropon'tile. Relating to the brain and the pons Varolii. cerebropsychosis (ser-e-bro-si-ko'sis). A mental disorder associated with or dependent upon a lesion of the cerebrum. cerebrorrhachidian (ser-e-bro-rS-kidl-an) [L. cere- brum, brain, + G. rhachis, spine.] Cerebrospinal, encephalorrhachidian. cer"ebrosclero'sis [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. sklero- sis, hardening.] Encephalosclerosis ; hardening of the brain substance, specifically of the cerebral hemispheres. cer'ebroscope. The ophthalmoscope applied to a study of the blood-circulation in the brain, as indicated by the condition of the circulation in the fxindus of the eye. cerebros'copy [L. cerebrum, brain, -f- G. skopeo, I view.] Encephaloscopy. cer'ebrose. A sugar, CaHijOj," obtainable from brain-tissue. cerebroside (ser'e-bro-sid). A phosphorus-free nitrogenous body found in protagon. cerebro'sis. Encephalosis. cerebrospinal (ser"e-bro-spi'nal). Relating to the brain and the spinal cord; encephalorrhachidian. c. fe'ver spotted fever, epidemic c. meningitis; an acute infectious disease, caused by the men- ingococcus, Diplococcus intracellularis meningi- tidis, andmarked byfeverandinfiammationof the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, giving rise to severe nervous symptoms of the most varied character; pneumonia, pleurisy, and arthritis are frequent complications, and deafness, blindness, and various paralyses may occur as sequels in case of recovery without specific trearment. c. flu'id, a fluid, secreted chiefly by the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles of the brain, filling the ventricles and the subarachnoid cavities of the brain and spinal cord; it is com- posed of serum globulin, 0.085; extractives, 0.06; salts, 0.855; ■water, 99.0. c. meningitis, c. fever. cer"ebrospi'nant. 1. Acting upon the cerebral nervous system, the brain and spinal cord. 2. An agent affecting the cerebrospinal system. cerebrospinase (ser"e-bro-spi'naz). An oxidase present in the cerebrospinal fluid. cerebrosuria (ser"e-bro-su'rI-ah) [cerebrose + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of cerebrose in the urine. cer"ebrot'omy [L. cerebrum, brain, + G. tome, incis- ion.] 1. Incision of the brain substance to evacuate an abscess. a. The anatomy of the brain. cer'ebrum [L. brain.] The principal portion of the brain, including practically all parts within the skull except the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. c. abdomina'le, plexus cceliacus [BNA]. c. exsicca'tum [L. dried brain], the brain of the calf, dried and pulverized; employed in the treatment of cerebral neurasthenia. cerecloth (ser'cloth) [L. cera, wax.] Gauze or cheese- cloth impregnated with wax containing an anti- septic, used in surgical dressings. Ce'reus. A genus of cacti. C. divarica'tus, the juice is anthelmintic and diuretic, and locally vesicating. C. flagellifor'mis, a species the juice of which is reputed to be anthelmintic. C. geometri'zans, the fruit is diuretic. C. grandi- flo'rus, night-blooming cereus ; see cactus. cerevisia (ser-e-vis'I-ah) [L.] Beer, cerevis'ise fer- men'tum, beer yeast, brewer's yeast, fasx me- dicinalis, the cells and spores of Saccharomyces cerevisice; given internally in acne and furunculosis in doses of 3i~i (2.0-4.0), and applied externally to sloughing wounds, cerevis'ise fermen'tum compres'sum (N.F.), compressed yeast, the moist living cells of 5. cerevisia combined with an absorbent base. cerev'isin. Trade name of a preparation of yeast used in the treatment of boils. ;er'idin. Cerolin, the proprietary name for a preparation said to be the active principle of yeast; employed in acne, furunculosis, and chronic constipation in doses of 5 to 8 grains (0.3-0.5). ce'rin. Cerotic acid, a fatty acid, CjjHjjOj derived from beeswax. ce'rium. A metallic element, symbol Ce, atomic weight 140.25. ce'rii oz'alas (U.S. 8tnd Br.), cerium oxalate, an inodorous, tasteless, white, crystalline powder, consisting of a mixture of the oxalates of cerium, didymium, xanthanum, and other earths; used in the treatment of vomiting and for the relief of coughing, in doses of gr. i-io (0.06-0.6). cerolin (ser'o-lin) [L. cerevisia, beer, + oleum, oil.] Ceridin. ceroplasty (se'ro-plas-ti) [L. cera. wax, + G. plasso, I motild.] The manufacture of wax models of anatomical and pathological speci- mens or of skin lesions. cerot'ic acid. Cerin. certifi'able. That can or should be certified, not- ing certain infectious diseases, the occurrence of which must, by law, be reported to the health authorities. certifica'tion. The - reporting to the health authorities of the occurrence of an infectious disease. cer'tify. [L. certus, certain, -I- facere, to make.] To give information regarding, to notify; spe- cifically, to report to the health authorities the occurrence of a contagious disease. cerumen (se-roo'men) [L. cera, wax.] Ear-wax, the soft, brownish yellow, waxy secretion (a modified sebum) of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus, c. inspissa'tum, inspissated cerumen, dried ear-wax plugging the external auditory canal. ceruminal (se-roo'mf-nal). Relating to- cerumen. cerumino'sis. Excessive formation of cerumen. ceru'minous. Relating to cerumen. ceruse (se'rooz) [L. cerussa.] White lead; plumbi carbonas. cer'vical [L. cervix, neck.] Relating to a neck, or cervix, in any sense. cervica'lis [L.] Cervical, c. ascen'dens, musculus iliocostalis cervicis. cerviciplex (ser-vis'i-plex). Plexus cervicalis. cervicitis (ser-vl-si'(se')tis) [L. cervix, neck, -H G. -itis.] Trachelitis; inflammation of the cervix uteri. cervicobrachial (ser-vl-ko-bra'kl-al). Relating to the neck and the arm. CERVTCOBUCCAL i8S CHAIN cervicobucc^al. Relating to the buccal surface of the neck of a premolar or molar tooth. cervicodyn'ia [L. cervix, neck, + G. odyne, pain.] Trachelodynia. cervicofacial (sur-vi-ko-fa'shal). Relating to the neck and the face. cervicola'bial. Relating to the labial surface of the neck of an incisor or canine tooth. cervicolin'gual. Relating to the lingual surface of the cervix of a tooth. cervicolumbar phenomenon (sur"-vi-ko-lum'bar fe-nom'e-non). A sense of weakness in the lower extremities on movement of the neck when a lesion is present in the upper portion of the spinal cord; or sensations referred to the neck when a lesion exists in the lower portion of the cord. cervicooccipital (sur"vI-ko-ok-sip'l-tal). Relating to the neck and the occiput. cer"vicoves'ical. Relating to the cervix uteri and the bladder. cer'vix, gen. cervi'cis, pi. cervi'ces [L. neck.] i . The neck, particularly the posterior portion. 2. Any neck-like structure, especially the lower cylindrical portion of the uterus (c. uteri) between the OS externum and the os internum, c. colum'nae posterio'Tis [BNA], a slight constric- tion of the posterior column of the spinal cord, seen on cross-section a little behind the gray commissure, c. cor'nu, the constricted portion of each gray column or cornu of the spinal cord where it joins the commissure, c. u'teri, neck of the womb, see above. cesarean (or cassarean) opera'tion or sec'tion (se-za'- re-an) [L. cmdere, to cut.] Extraction of the fetus by means of an incision through the abdominal wall and the uterus; the mode by which Julius Cffisar is said to have been brought into the world. cesarot'omy. Cesarean section. cesium (se'zi-um) [L. cce'sius, bluish gray.] Caesium, a metallic element, symbol Cs, atomic weight 132.81. Its salts are said to increase blood-pressure and have been recommended in the treatment of epilepsy, nervous pal- pitation, etc., the bromide being given in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2^0.3). Cesto'da, Cesto'des, Cestoid'ea [G. kesios, girdle, + eidos, form.] An order of Platyhelmintha, or flatworms, the tapeworms. ces'tode, ces'toid. A tapeworm, one of the Cesioda. ceta'ceum [G. ketos, a whale.] (U.S. and Br.) Spermaceti, a peculiar concrete fatty substance, consisting chiefly of cetin (cetyl palmitate), ob- tained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, used in the preparation of cold cream. cetra'ria. Iceland moss, the dried plant, Cetraria islandica; used as a demulcent, nutrient, and digestive, and in the treatment of bronchitis and other chronic inflammations of the mucous membranes, in doses of 3i-i (2.0-4.0). cet'rarin. Cetraric acid, a bitter principle, CajHs,- O12, from Cetraria islandica; used in chlorosis and anemia and in incipient tuberculosis in doses of gr- ii-3 (0.1-0.2). cevadil'la [Sp. dim. of cebada, barley grain,] Saba- dilla, the seeds of Asagraa officinalis or Schceno- caulon officinale, the source of veratrina. cev'adine. An alkaloid occurring in cevadilla or sabadilla seeds, resembling in its properties veratrine. Ceylon' cinn'amon, cinnamomum zeylanicum. C moss, fucus amylaceus, a seaweed, Spheerococcus lichenoides, one source of agar-agar. c. g. s. Abbreviation for centimeter-gram-second, noting a system of physical units employing the centimeter for distance, the gram for weight, and the second for time. CHi-CH^. Ethylene, olefiant gas. CH4. Methyl hydride, methane, marsh gas. C2H2. Acetylene. C,H,. Benzene. Chabert's disease' (shi-bair') [Philibert Chabert, French veterinarian, 1737-1814.] Symptomatic anthrax.* C.'s oil, oleum anthelminthicum, a distillate of animal oil and^urpentine, Chadd'ock's sign [CharlS Gilbert Chaddock, American neurologist, contemporary.] Ex- ternal malleolar sign; when the external malleolar skin area is irritated extension of the .great toe occurs in cases of organic disease of the cortico- spinal reflex paths. Chad'wick's sign [James Read Chadwick, American gynecologist, 1844-1905.] A dark bluish or purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the lower portion of the vagina in pregnancy; also called Jacquemier's sign. chafe (chaf) [Fr. chauffer, to heat.] i. To cause irritation by rubbing or the action of irritants. 2. Irritation, excoriation. Chagas' disease' (chah'gahs) [Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician, contemporary.] Chagas- Cruz disease; South American trypanosomiasis.* Chagas-Cruz disease' (chah'gahs-krooz) [Carlos Chagas; Oswaldo Cruz, , Brazilian physician, 1871— 1917.] Chagas' disease. Chagres fe'ver (chah'gras) [Chagres, a river on the Isthmus of Panama.] A pernicious malarial fever from which the laborers building the Panama railroad suffered. chain. In chemistry, a series of atoms held together by one or more ailinities. closed-chain com'- pound, a compound of the aromatic series, the graphic formula of which is a ring of C atoms in which each C atom is supposed to be linked three-fourths to adjacent C atoms and one- fourth to an H atom, thus* H I H— C C— H I !l H— C C— H 1 H This is the so-called benzene ring. By sub stitution other atoms may be united to this ring, forming lateral or side chains, hemolyt'ic c, union of complement, intermediary body or amboceptor, and erythrocyte, without which hemolysis cannot occur, lat'eral c, side c long c, in bacteriology, a continuous line of more than 8 cocci or other bacteria, o'pen-chain com'pound, a compound of the fatty series, the graphic formula of which is a line of C atoms linked above and below, a,nd at each extremity of the series, to H atoms or their substitutes, thus: H H H H I I I I H— C— C— C— C— H MM H H H H CHAIN i86 CHANCROID short c, in bacteriology, & string of 2 to 8 cocci or other bacterial cells, side c, lateral c, a chain of atoms linked to the benzene ring, or closed-chain compound, by replacement of the H atoms, side-chain the'ory, the theory ad- vanced by Ehrlich to explain the phenomena of infection, immunity, nutrition, etc. ; it assumes that the protoplasmic molecule is anal- ogous in constitution to the benzene molecule, or benzene nucleus, with its linked hydrogen atoms capable of being displaced by various groups to form side chains. So, linked to the pro- toplasmic molecule are numerous "side chains," or receptors, capable of seizing upon certain bodies, such as food stuffs or poisons, and incor- porating them in the molecule; see receptor. chalarosis (kal-ahr-o'sis). Infection with a fungus of the genus Chalara; it is marked by the appear- ance of subcutaneous nodules which break down, forming ulcers. The fungus consists of straight or slightly curved mycelial threads divided by trans- verse lines into segments which may separate and initiate new colonies. chalastodennia (kal-as-to-der'mi-ah) [G. chalastos, loosened, relaxed, + derma, skin.] Derma- tolysis. chalaza (kS-la'zah). i. Chalazion, z The sus- pensory ligament of the yolk in a bird's egg. 3. In botany, the base of the body of the ovule where it blends with its coats. chalazion, pi. chalazia (kal-a'zl-on) [G. dim. of chalaza, a sty.] A small tumor of the border of the eyelid due to inflammation of a Meibomian gland with retention of the secretion ; also written chalazium. \ chalcosis (kal-ko'sis) [G. chalkos, copper.] i Chronic copper poisoning. 2. A deposit of fine particles of copper in the lungs or other parts. chal'ice-cell. Goblet cell.* chalicosis (kal-e-ko'sis) [G. chalix, gravel.] Pneu- monoconiosis caused by the inhalation of dust incident to the occupation of stone-cutting. chalinoplasty (kal'in-o-plas"tI) [G. chalinos, bridle, + plasso, I form.] The correction of defects of the mouth and lips, especially of the comers of the mouth. chalk (chawk) [L. calx.] Calcium carbonate, creta. French c, talcum, magnesium silicate. chalk-stone. Tophus, Heberden's knob or node. Challes, France (shal). Sulphurous waters; cold. Used by drinking and bathing in tuberculous affections, catarrhal conditions, goiter, glandular affections, syphilis, rheumatism, intestinal dis- eases, and cutaneous affections. May 15 to October 15. chalone (kal'on) [G. chalao, I relax.] i. Anti- hormone, an antagonistic hormone, one which opposes the action of another hormone. 2. An endocrine substance which inhibits or dimin- ishes the activity of the cells of the body. chalybeate (kal-ib'e-at) [G, chalyps, steel.] i. Relating to or containing iron. 2. A therapeutic agent containing iron. Chalyb'eate Springs, Georgia. Light chalybeate waters. Used for drinking and bathing. chameecephal'ic. Chamecephalio. chamaelirium (kam-e-lir'J-um) [G. chamai, on the earth, -I- leirion, lily.] Helonias. chamber (cham'ber) [L. camera^] A compartment or enclosed space, ante'rior c, the space between the cornea and the iris containing the aqueous humor, a'queous u., the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye containing the aqueous humor, poste'rior c, the space behind the iris anterior to the lens, containing the aqueous humor, vit'reous c, the large cavity behind the lens in the eye, containing the vitreous humor. Chamberland fil'ter (shahm-ber-lahh') [Charles- Edouard Chamberland, French scientist, 1851- 1908.] A filter of unglazed porcelain through which water is forced under pressure; micro- organisms not ultramicroscopic do not pass. Cham'berlen for'ceps [Peter Chamberlen, 1560-16 — , one of a family of English accoucheurs, sons and grandsons of a French ^migr^, Guillaume Cham- brelan.] The first obstetrical forceps, invented by Peter or his father; its use was kept secret until revealed by Hugh Chamberlen (1630-1720), grandson of Peter. chamecephalic (kam-e-sef-al'ik) [G. chamai, on the ground (low, stunted), -I- kephale, head.] Hav- ing a flat head. Noting a skull with a vertical index of 70 or less. Similar to tapeinocephalic* chamecephalous (kam-e-sef- al-us). Chamecephalic. chazneprosopic (kam-e-pros- o'pik) [G. chamai, on the ground (low, spread out), -(- prosopikos, facial.] Haying a broad face. chamomile (kam'o-mfl) [G. chamai, on the ground, -t- melon, apple.] In the U. S. and B. P. the flowering heads of Anihemis nobilis. champagne (sham-pan'). An effervescent wine, made in the Champagne region of northeastern France, con- tains from 5 to 10 per cent, or more of alcohol. Champetier de Ribes bag (shahmp-te-a' de-reb') [Camille Champetier de Rihes, Parisian obstetrician, *i848.] An elongated conical silk and rubber bag, used to dilate the cervix and to provoke uterine contractions, in order to induce premature labor or in cases of placenta previa. ChampionniJre's disease' (shahn-pe-on-e-air'). See Lucas-Championnihe. chancre (shang'kur) [Fr. indirectly from L. cancer.'] Primary lesion, initial sclerosis, syphilitic sore, the first manifestation of syphilis; it begins as a papule or area of infiltration, of dull red color, hard, and insensitive ; the center usually becomes eroded or breaks down into an ulcer, hard c, true c, not chancroid. Hunte'rian c, the typical ulcerated chancre with indurated base and edges; the initial lesion of syphilis, in'- durated c, hard 0. mixed c, a sore resulting from simul- taneous inoculation with syphilis and the pus organisms of chancroid. Nis'bet's c, bu- bonulus. noninfec'ting c., chancroid, sim'ple c, chan- croid, soft c, chancroid. sporotricho'sic c, the initial lesion at the site of infection in sporotrichosis. true c, Hunterian c. chancroid (shang-kroyd') [chancre + G. eidos. resemblance.] Soft or simple chancre; an infectious venereal ulcer, developing upon an inflamed edematous base from a pustule formed from a primary papule. Chamberlen's Forceps. Champbtisr de Ribes Bag (dilated). CHANCROIDAL 187 CHATEL-GUYON chancroid'al. Relating to or of the nature of chancroid. chancrous (shang'krus). Relating to chancre. change of life. Menopause, climacteric. chann'el [L. canalis.} Canal, a passage through which a liquid flows. Chan'ning's solu'tion [William Ckanning, American physician, nineteenth century.] Liquor hydra- rgyri et potassii iodidi (N.F.). Chantemesse reac'tion (shahnt-S-mes') [Andr6 Chantemesse, French bacteriologist, 1851-1919.] Ophthalmoreaction. chap. 1. To crack open. 2. A crack or slit in the skin of the hands or lips, due to the action of cold. chapas'gar [an artificial word compounded of Chapo- teau, ascites, and agar, see the def.] A culture medium consisting of i part ascitic fluid and 2 parts of 3 per cent, agar with Chapoteau's peptone. Chap'man bag [John Chapman, English physician practising in Paris, fi 894. ] An elongated icebag for application to the spine. Chap'man's din'ner pill [Nathaniel Chapman, Amer- ican physician, 1780-1853.] (N.F.) Purified aloes and mastic each gr. ij (o.i), powdered ipecac gr. I (0.06), oil of peppermint or oil of fennel ngj (0.015). C.'s mix'ture, mistura copaibae et opii (N.P.); copaiba and spirit of nitrous ether each 25, tincture of opium 3 . 2, compound tincture of lavender 6.5, mucilage of acacia 12.5, water to make 100; employed in gonorrhea in dose of 5i (4.0). Chapoteau's pep'tone (shap-6-to') . Trade name of a special make of peptone : see chapasgar. chap'pa. A disease described by Read as occurring in Lagos, Africa. It is marked by the appearance of subcutaneous nodules, the size of a pigeon's egg, which often break down, giving exit to a fatty-looking material, and form ulcers; the ap- pearance of the nodules is preceded for a few months by severe muscular and articular pains. The disease is thought by Manson to be possibly a tertiary stage of yaws. chapped. Split open, cracked; noting a lesion of the skin produced by cold. Chaput's meth'od (shS-pti') [H. Chaput, French surgeon, contemporary.] Treatment of osteo- myelitis by scraping the cavity and filling with fatty tissue taken from the abdomen or the thigh. C.'s opera'tion, one of several intestinal operations for anastomosis and artificial anus. char'acterizing group. A group of atoms in a molecule which distinguishes the class of sub- stances in which it occurs from all other classes; thus carbonyl (CO) is the characterizing group of ketones. charbon (shar-bon') [Fr. coal.] Anthrax (z). c. gymptomatique', symptomatic anthrax. char'coal [M. Eng. charken, to creak, -t- coal^ Car- bon obtained by heating or burning wood with restricted access of air ; see carbo. Charcot's disease' (shar-ko') [Jean Martin Charcot, French physician, 1825-1893.] i. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 2. Tabetic arthropathy. C.'s syn'drome, intermittent claudication.* C.'s ver'- tigo, laryngeal vertigo. Charcot-Leyden ciys'tals (shar-ko'-li'den) . [see Leyden:\ Crystals, of the shape of elongated double pyramids, composed of spermin phosphate, found in the sputum in bronchial asthma. Charcot-Marie type (shar-ko'-mS-re') [see Marie.'] A familial or hereditary form of progressive muscular atrophy beginning in the muscles of the legs and feet. Charcot-Heumann crys'tals (shar-ko'-noy'mahn) [see Neumann.] Charcot-Leyden crystals. Charcot-Robin crys'tals (shar-ko'-ra-ban') [see Robin.] Charcot-Leyden crystals. Charcot-Vigouroux sign (shar-ko'- ve-goo-r 00') [Romain Vigouroux, French physician, nineteenth century.] Diminished resistance to the conduct- ing power of the skin for the galvanic current, in exophthalmic goiter. charlatan (shar'lS-tan). A quack; one who claims falsely the possession of medical skill and knowl- edge. charlatanism (shar'U-tan-izm). Quackery, the methods characteristic of a charlatan. Charles's law [Jacques Alexandre Caesar Charles, French physicist, 1746-1823.] Gay*-Lussac's law. Charles'ton Arte'sian Wells, S. C. Alkaline; muri- ated-saiine waters, 87° F. char'ley horse [slang.] Sprain or muscular stiffness following excess in athletic sports. charpie (shar-pe') [Fr.] Lint, especially that made by scraping or ravelling linen cloth. Charriire scale (shi-re-air') [Joseph Fr^d^ric Benoit Charriire, Parisian instrument maker, 1803-1876.] The French scale for grading the sizes of urethral catheters or sounds; the size of any instrument is determined by C.'s filikre, a metal plate perforated with 30 holes varying in diameter from J to i cm., each differing from the next above or below in the scale by \ mm. charta, gen. and pi. char'ta (kar'tah) [L. a sheet of paper.] i. A pharmaceutical preparation consist- ing of a piece of paper impregnated or coated on one side with a medicinal substance. ^. A folded paper holding a, medicinal powder, t. antasthmat'ica, blotting paper soaked in an infusion of belladonna, digitalis, sage, stra- monium leaves, and niter, and after drying moistened again with tincture of benzoin, c. canthar'idis, c. epispas'tica, paper spread with a mixture of spermaceti, olive oil, rosin, Canada balsam, and cantharides. c. ezplorato'ria coeru'- lea et ru'bra, litmus paper, c. nitra'ta, c. potas'- sii nitra'tis, niter-paper, blotting paper soaked in a 20 per cent, solution of potassium nitrate and dried; the fumes of this when burning are inhaled in asthma, c. sina'pis (Br.), t. sina- pisa'ta, mustard paper, emplastrum sinapis (U.S.), a suspension of powdered mustard in liquor caoutchouc is applied to one side of a rather stiff paper and allowed to dry. chartula (kar'tu-lah) [L. dim. of charta, paper.] Charta (2). Chase's sign [Ira Carleton Chase, American physician, *i868.] Pain felt in the cecal region, when the hand is drawn deeply and quickly along the transverse colon from left to right, the descending colon being blocked by deep pressure with the other hand. chasma (kaz'mah) [G.] Pandiculation, yawning. Chassaignac's ^craseur (sha-sa-nyak' ; a-krah-zer') [Charles Marie Edouard Chassaignac, Parisian surgeon, 1805-1879.] A strong steel-chain snare used for crushing through the pedicle of a tumor. C.'s tu'bercle, tuberculum caroticum. Chatel-Guyon, France (shah-tel"-gu-yawn'). Source Gubler. Alkaline-saline-ferruginous-carbonated waters, 82° F. to 95° F. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of the gastroenteric canal and abdominal viscera, anemia, gout, renal chAtel-guyon CHEMOTHERAPY disorders, women's diseases, and neurasthenia. May 15 to October 15. Chattola'nee Springs, Maryland. Light alkaline- calcic waters. Six springs. Dyspepsia, and early stages of Bright's disease. Chaufiard's syn'drome (sho-far') [A. Chauffard, French physician, contemporary.] The symptoms of Still's* disease in one suffering from bovine or other non-human form of tuberculosis. chauffeur's fracture (jBho-ferz frak'chur). See jracture. Chauliac. See Guy* de Chauliac. chaulmoogra chaulmugra (chawl-moo'grah), chaul- maugra (chawl-maw'grah). The ripe seed of Gynocardia odorata, or Hydrocarpus or Tarakto- genos kurzii; the oil is employed in the treatment of leprosy and certain chronic dermatoses in doses of nj2-6 (0.13 — 0.4). Chaussier*s are'ola (sho-se-a') [Francois Chaussier, French physician, 1746-1828.] A ring of in- durated tissue surrounding the lesion of malig- nant pustule. C.'s line, the median antero- posterior line of the corpus callosum. C.'s sign, severe pain in the epigastrium, a prodrome of eclampsia. Chautard's test (sho-tar'). For acetone: the addi- tion of a mixture of sulphurous acid and aqueous solution of magenta gives a violet color if the urine contains acetone. Chauveau's bacte'rium (sho-vo') [Auguste Chau- veau, Paris veterinary surgeon, 1827— 1917.] Bacillus anthracis symptomatici. Ch.B, Abbreviation for ChirurgiEe Bachelor, Bachelor of Surgery. CHCl,. Chloroform. CHj.COOH. Acetic acid, HC2H3O2. Chea'dle's disease' [Walter Butler Cheadle, English physician, contemporary.] Infantile scurvy.* check. X. To arrest or slow the course of any- thing, as of a disease. 2. To compare or review in order to ensure accuracy, c. ezper'iment, control experiment. check'erbeny. Wintergreen, gaultheria.* cheek-hone. Os* zygomaticum, malar bone. cheese. The compressed casein of milk, variously altered by bacterial action and flavored. cheesy (che'zi). Caseous, of the consistence of cottage cheese. cheilectropion, cheilitis, etc. See chilectropion, chiliUs, etc. cheiragra, cheiralgia, etc. See chiragra, chiralgia, etc. chek'an, chek'en, cheq'uen. The leaves of a South American plant, Myrius checken or Eugenia cheken; employed in catarrhal affections of the respiratory and urinary tract in doses of 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) of a fluidextract. chelen (ke'len). Ethyl chloride. chelerythrine (kel-er'e-thren). Pyrrhopine, an alka- loid, C21H17NO1, from chelidonium, and found also in small amount in sanguinaria. chelidon (kel'e-don) [G. chelidon, a swallow, because of a fancied resemblance to the shape of a swallow's tail.] The cubital fossa or bend of the elbow. chelid'onine (kel-id'on-en). Stylophorine, a crys- talline alkaloid from chelidonium. chelidonium (kel-e-do'nl-uro). The dried plant, Chelidonium majus, great or garden celandine; nervous sedative and purgative in doses of 31-2 (2.0-8.0). cheloid (ke'loid) [G. chele, a claw, + eidos, resem- blance.] A fibrous growth of the cicatricial type of connective tissue, arising in consequence of irritation and usually from a scar; keloid. chelone (ke'lo-ne). Balmony. Chelsea pensioner (chel'se pen'shun-ur) [Chelsea, a district of London where is situated a hospital for invalid soldiers.] Confectio guaiaci com- posita. Chel'tenham, England. Alkaline-saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing in gout and deleterious conditions resulting from prolonged residence in hot climates. chemical (kem'i-kal). Relating to chemistry, to the mutual relations and interaction of the ele- ments, and to the phenomena resulting there- from, c. food, syrupus phosphatum composi- tus (N.P.). c. mess'enger, autacoid; hormone or chalone (q.v.). chemicocautery (kem'1-ko-kaw'ter-J). Chemical cautery, caustic, escharotic. cheminosis (kem-I-no'sis) [G. chemeia, chemistry, -f- nosos, disease.] A disease caused by chemical noxa. chemiotaxis (hem-I-o-tak'sis). Chemotaxis. chemise (shem-ez') [Fr. shirt.] A square of linen tied to a catheter passed through its center; used to retain a tampon packed around the catheter inserted into a wound, such as that resulting from a perineal section. chemism (kem'izm). Chemical action or influence. chemistry (kem'is-trl) [G. chemeia, alchemy; chymeia, an infusion, from chymos, juice (?).] The science dealing with the intimate constitution of sub- stances, the elements and their mutual reactions, and the phenomena resulting from the formation and decomposition of compounds, analytical c, the application of c. to the breaking up of com- pounds and the determination of their composi- tion, inorgan'ic u., the chemistry of compounds not containing carbon, med'ical c., c. in its relation to pharmacy, physiology, or any science connected with medicine, metabol'ic c, phys- iological c. OTgan'ic c, the c. of substances con- taining combustible carbon compounds, physio- log'ical c, the c . of the living organism and of all its processes, synthet'ic c, constructive t., that which has to do with the formation or building up of complex compounds by uniting and changing the more simple ones. chemoceptor (kem"o-sep'tor) One of the side chains or receptors in a living cell, having an affinity for and fixing the chemical substances or drugs. chemoi mm n ni ty (kem-o-im-u'ni-tl). Immunochem- istry. chemoimmunology (kem-o-im-u-nol'o-jl). The science of immunochemistry. chemolysis (kem-oll-sis) . Chemical decomposition chemoreceptor (kem-o-re-sep'tor). Chemoceptor. chemoresistance (kem-o-re-zis'tans). Immunity to the action of chemical poisons. chemosis (ke-mo'sis) [G. cheme, cockle.] Edema of the ocular conjunctiva, forming a swelling around the cornea. cheaiosynthesis (kem-o-sin'the-sis). The forma- tion of certain definite compounds by chemical action. chemotac'tic. Relating to chemotaxis. chemotaxis (kem-o-tak'sis) [G. chemeia, chemistry, + taxis, orderly arrangement.] Reaction of living protoplasm to a chemical stimulus, where- by the cells are attracted {positive c.) or repelled (negative c.) by acids, alkalies, or other bodies exhibiting chemical properties; chemiotaxis, chemotropism. chemotherapy (kem-o-ther'a-pl). Treatment of disease by means of chemical substances or drugs. CHEMOTIC 189 CHILE CTROPION chemotic (ke-mot'io). Relating to chemosis. chemotropism (kem-ot'ro-pizm) [G. chemeia, + ' tropos, direction, turn.] The capacity or impulse, possessed by cells or cellular organisms, to turn or progress in a certain direction under the influence of definite chemical stimuli; chemotaxis. Chenopodia'ceae. An order of dicotyledonous plants, the small flowers of which are clustered to form a dense inflorescence; it includes chenopo- dium, the beet, and spinach. chenopodium (ke-no-po'd!-um) [G. chen, goose, + pous(pod-), foot.] The dried ripe fruit of Cheno- podium ambrosioides, American wormseed, Mexi- can tea, Jesuit tea; anthelmintic in dose of gr. 20 (1.3), or of 2 ounces (60.0) of a, decoction of an ounce to the pint. Cherchevski's disease' (sher-shev'ske) [Michael Cherchevski, Russian physician, contemporary.] Nervous ileus, false intestinal obstruction. cheromania (ker-o-ma'nl-ah) [G. chairo, I rejoice, + mania, madness.] A form of insanity charac- terized by gaiety and exuberance of spirits. cherophobia (ker-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. chairo, I rejoice, + phobos, fear.] An aversion to and morbid fear of gaiety. cherr'y [L. cerasus.l The fruit of a species of Prunus. c. lau'rel, Prunus laurocerasus. wild c, Prunus serotina, prunus* virginiana. Chervin's meth'od (sher-van') [Claudius Chervin, French pedagogue, 1824-1896.] A gymnastic method of treating stuttering. chest [A.S. cest, a box.] The thorax, a'lar c, phthinoid* c. bar'rel c, a. c. permanently the shape of one during full inspiration, seen in cases of emphysema, c. in'dex, thoracic index.* cobb'ler's c, characterized by a depression of the lower half of the sternum; seen in shoemakers and others whose occupation causes pressure to be mSde in this locality, flat c, one in which the anteroposterior diameter is shorter than the average, fo'veated c, funnel i;. funn'el c, funnel breast.* phthin'oid c, see under phthin- oid. pter'ygoid c, phthinoid* c deformity, thoracocyllosis, pectus carinatum. exami> nation, stethoscopy, thoracoscopy, gas and pus in, pyopneumothorax, gas and serum in, hydropneumo- thorax. gas in, pneumothorax, aerothorax. incision into, thoracotomy, pleurotomy. instrument for mag- nifying sounds in, stethoscope, phonendoscope, stetho- phonometer, stethonoscope. instrument for measur- ing curvature, stethocyrtograph, stethogoniometer, stethooyrtometer. instrument for measuring move- ments, pneograph, pneoscope, pneumoscope, pneumo- graph, pneumatograph, stethograph, stetnometer, thoiacometer. muscular inflammation, stethomyitis. narrow, stenothorax, thoracostenosis. pain, pleuro- dynia, pleuralgia, thoracodynia, thoraoalgia. paraly- sis of muscles, stethoparalysis. puncture of, para- centesis thoracis, thoracentesis, thoracocentesis.pleuro- centesis. pus in, pyothorax. serum m, hydrothorax. spasm of muscles, stethospasm. chest'nut. i. Castanea. 2. In a horse, the rudi- ment of the nail or hoof of the internal digit or thumb; a homy growth on the middle or infe- rior third of the internal face of the hock. _ chew [A.S. ceowan^ To masticate, to comminute with the teeth. Cheyne's nystag'mus [See Cheyne-Stokes.} A nys- tagmus with a rhythm like that of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Cheyne-Stokes asth'ma (chan-stoks) [John Cheyne, Scotch physician, 1 777-1836 1 William Stokes, Irish physician, 1804-1878.] The dyspnea of ad- vanced myocardiac degeneration. C.-S. respi- ra'tion, a type of breathing in which the respira- tions gradually increase in depth up to a certain point and then decrease; flnally all respiration ceases for half a minute or so and then begins again as before. CHI3. Iodoform. CjH(I. Ethyl iodide. Chian tur'pentine (ki'an) [Chios, an island in the eastern Mediterranean.] An exudation from Pistacia terebinthus, a small tree of Chios and regions to the eastward; has been used in cancer in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). Chiari's net'work (ke-ah're) [Hans Chiari, German physician,*i85i.] Fibers stretching across the cavity of the right atrium of the heart, thought to be the remains of the embryonic valves of the right venous sinus ; they are very rarely present. chiasm (ki'azm) [G. chiasma, two crossing lines.] A decussation or crossing of two tracts, such as tendons or nerves. chiasma (ki-az'mah). Chiasm, c. op'ticum, optic chiasm, a flattened quadrangular body in front of the tuber cinereum and infundibulum, the point of crossing or decussation of the fibers of the optic nerves; most of the fibers cross to the opposite side, some run directly forward on each side without crossing, some pass transversely on the posterior surface between the two optic tracts, and others pass transversely on the ante- rior surface between the two optic nerves, c. ten'dinum, passage of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus through the intervals left by the splitting of the tendons of the flexor digitorum sublimis. chiasmatic (ki-az-mat'ik). Relating to the optic chiasm, c. syn' drome, hypophysis* syndrome. Chiazzi's operation (ke-at'se). Epiplopexy. Chick's Springs, S. C. Calcic-chalybeate waters. Two springs, " Iron " and " Sulphur. " Atonic dyspepsia, hepatic congestion, and Bright's disease. chick'en-breast. Pectus carinatum. chick' en -pox. Varicella; an acute contagious disease, occurring usually in children only, marked by a sparse eruption of papules, becom- ing vesicles and then pustules, like that of smallpox though less severe; there are usually also mild constitutional symptoms. The incu- bation period is about 14 to 17 days. chignon (she-nyon'). Beigel's* disease. chigo, chigre (che'go ; che'gra) [Sp-. from the Carib name.] Jigger. chil'blain [E. chill + blain.] Pernio; erythema of the hands and feet, with burning and itching sometimes with chapping and ulceration, caused by damp cold. child, pi. chil'dren [A.S. cild.] A young person, one who has not arrived at the age of puberty. child'bearing. Pregnancy and parturition, c. age, the period in a woman's life between puberty and the menopause. child'bed. Puerperium; the condition during and immediately following the giving birth to a child. c. fe'ver, puerperal* fever, puerperal septi- cemia. child'hood. i. The period of life between in- fancy and puberty. 2. In dentistry the period between the first appearance of the milk teeth and the complete formation of the roots of all the permanent teeth except the third molars; the childhood period of the permanent teeth is the time between their first appearance and the complete formation of all the roots except those of the third molars. chilectropion (ki-lek-tro'pl-on) [G. cheilos, lip, -f- ehiropos, a turning out.] Eversion of the lips or a lip. CHILITIS chilitis (ki-li'(le')tis) [G. cheilos, lip, + -»'/«.] In- flammation of the Hps or of a lip. c. exfoliati'- va, seborrheic dermatitis affecting the vermilion border of the lips. u. glandula'ris, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lips with enlarge- ment of the glands and a discharge of thick mucus. chill [A.S. cele, cold.] i. A sensation of cold 2. Rigor, a feeling of cold with shivering and pallor, accompanied by an elevation of temperature in the interior of the body, often the first symptom of an infection, conges'tive c, a form of per- nicious malaria in which the paroxysm is accom- panied by congestion of the gastroenteric tract and profuse diarrhea preceded by a chill, vomit- ing, and prostration. chills and fe'ver. Malaria. chilognathopalatoschisis (ki-log-nath"o-pal-at-os'kl- sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + gnathos, jaw, + L. palatum, palate, + G. schists, fissure.] Chilognathouranos- chisis, harelip and cleft palate. chilognathouranoschisis (ki-log-nath"o-u-ran-os'kS, sis) [G. cheilos, lip, -{- gnathos, jaw, -{- ouranoS' palate, + schisis, fissure.] Harelip with cleft palate. chiloplasty (ki'lo-plas-ti) [G. cheilos, lip, -I- plasso, I form.] Operative repair of defects or malfor- mations of the Up; plastic surgery of the lips. chilopodiasis (ki-lo-po-di'a.-sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + pons {pod-), foot, + -iasis.] Invasion of one of the cavities, especially the nasal cavity, by a species of the Chilopoda or centipede family. chiloschisis (ki-los'kl-sis) [G. cheilos, lip, + schisis fissure.] Harelip. chilostomatoplasty (ki-los-to'ma-to-plas-tJ) [G. chei- los, lip, -f stoma{siomat-), mouth, + plasso, I mould.] A plastic operation on the mouth and lips; an operation for the closure of a harelip. chilos'tomoplsisty. Chilostomatoplasty. chilotomy (ki-lot'o-mi) [G. cheilos, Up, -1- tofne, in cision.] I. Excision of a portion of the lip, as for the removal of an epithelioma. 2. Cutting away an overgrowth near the articular end of the femur or other of the long bones which interfere with movement in cases of chronic hypertrophic arthritis. chimaphila (kim-af'e-lah) [G. cheima, winter, -t- philos, loving,] (N.F.) The dried leaves of Chimaphila umbellata, pipsissewa. Prince's pine; diuretic and alterative, in doses of gr. 15—30 (i .0-2.0). chimaphilin (kim-af 'il-in) . A crystallizable prin- ciple, C24H21O4, from chimaphila; diuretic in dose of gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.2). chim'ney-sweeps' can'cer. Epithelioma of the scrotum occurring in chimney-sweeps as a result, it is thought, of long continued irritation by soot particles. chimogene(ki'mo-jen) [G. cheimdn,wmteT, + gennao, I produce.] Trade name of a volatile liquid used to produce local anesthesia by congelation. chin [A.S. cin.] Mentum, the prominence formed by the anterior projection of the mandible, or lower jaw. double c, buccula. china (ki'nah). Cinchona. chinaphenin (ki"nah-f en'in) . Phenetidin quinine- carbonic-acid ester; a white tasteless powder, employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr, 5-15 (0,3-1,0); used for whooping-cough in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). chinaphthol (ki-naf'thol). Quinaphthol, quinine betanaphthol-monosulphonate; a yellow crystal- line powder, containing 42 per cent, of quinine; employed in intestinal tuberculosis, dysentery, 190 CHIROCINESTHESIA acute rheumatism, and other affections in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). China-root. The rhizome of Smilax china. chinaseptol (ki-ni-sep'tol). Quinaseptol. chin-cough. Whooping-cough. chinin (ki'nin). Quinine. chinof orm (ki'no-f orm) . A compound of formalde- hyde and cinchotannic acid, employed as an intestinal antiseptic. chinoidin, chinoidinum (kin'oy-din, kin-oy-di'- num). Quinoidine. chinol (ki'nol). A synthetic antipyretic and analgesic; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2—0.3). chinoline (kin'o-len). Quinoline. chinone (ki'non). Quinone. chinopyrin (ki"no-pi'rin). Quinopyrine. chinosol (kin'o-sol). Quinosol, oxychinolin potas- sium sulphate, a yellow crystalline powder; anti- septic and disinfectant in solutions of 1—2000 to I— 100, and employed in 5 per cent, solution to preserve anatomical specimens. chinotropin (ki.-no-tro'pin) . Quinate of urotropin; urinary antiseptic; dose, gr. 5-15 (0.3—1.0). chionablepsia (ki-on-a-blep'si-ah) [G. chion, snow, -f- ablepsia, blindness.] Snow-blindness. chionan'thin. A dried extract from the bark of chionanthus; a bitter brown powder, employed in eclectic medicine as a diuretic and purgative in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06—0.2). chionanthus (ki-o-nan'thus) [G. chion, snow, -f- anthos, flower.] (N.F.) Fringe tree bark, old man's beard, the dried bark of the root of Chionanthus virginica, snowdrop tree; employed as an aperient and diuretic in diseases of the liver with jaundice and clay-colored stools, in doses of iTi!30 (2 . o) of the N.F. flvudextract, or of 115-10 (0.3—0.6) of the specific eclectic preparation. Chipault's meth'od (she-po') [A. ChipauU, Parisian stirgeon, contemporary.] Straightening* of the spine, in the angular curvature of Pott's disease, and then lacing the spinous processes together by silver wire. chip-blower (chip'blo-ur). An instrument for blowing the dust out of a tooth cavity which is being excavated for a filling; it consists of a rub- ber bulb with metal nozzle. Chiracanthus (ki-ra-kan'thus) [G. cheir, hand, -|- akantha, thorn.] A genus of nematoid worms, now called Gnathostoma. chiragra (ki-rag'ra) [G. cheir, hand, -)- agra, seizure.] Gout in the hand. chiral'gia (ki-ral'jS-ah) [G. cheir, hand, -I- algos, pain]. Pain, especially nontraumatic or neuralgic pain, in the hand. chiralkol (ki-ral'kol) [G. cheir, hand, -)- alcohol] Trade name of a solid alcohol soap, said to con- tain from 70 to 80 per cent, or more of alcohol combined with palmitin, cocoa butter, or nut fat; recommended as a disinfectant of the hands. chirapsia (ki-rah'sl-ah) [G. cheir, hand, + hapsis, a touching.] Rubbing or friction with the hand. chirata (che-rah'tah, ki-ra'tah) [Hindu.] N.F. and Br.) . The dried plant, Swertia chirayita, chiretta, a gentian of the Himalayas; stomachic and tonic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). chir'atin, chirett'in. A bitter principle, CzcHjsOis, from chirata. chiret'ta. Chirata. chirocinesthesia, chirocinsesthesia (ki-ro-sin-es- the'-z!-ah) [G. cheir, hand, + kinesis, movement," + aislhesis, sensation.] The subjective sensa- tion of movements of the hand. HROCINESTHETIC 191 CHLORALFORMAMIDUM rocinesthetic, cIiiTocinssthetic (ki-ro-sin-es- ;het'-ik). Relating to chirocinestheaia. jognomy (ki-rqg'no-mi) [G. cheir, hand, + gnomon, -a judge.] Physiognomy of the hand, study of the hand as an index of character. Tognostic (ki-rog-nos'tik) [G. cheir, hand, + ptostikos, good at knowing.] Able to recognize the hand, or to distinguish between right and .eft. c. feeling, the sense of " sidedness," the power to recognize, with eyes closed, which side 'S touched. iiokinesthesia, chirokinaesthesia (ki-ro-kin-es- the'zi-ah) . Chirocinesthesia. irokinesthetic, chirokinEesthetic (ki-ro-kin-es- thet'ik). Chirocinesthetic. irol (ki'rol) [G. cheir, hand, + L. oleum, oil.] ^n ethereal and alcoholic soution of various resins and oils, used as an antiseptic wash for the tiands. iromegaly (ki-ro-meg'al-i) [G. cheir, hand, + me gas (mega/-), large.] Abnormal size of one or both hands; macrocheilia. iropio'dist (ki-rop'o-dist) [G. cheir, hand, + pous(pod-), foot.] A non-medical person who treats corns, callosities, and other minor troubles Df the feet. iropodol'ogy (ki-rop-o-dol'o-ji) [G. cheir, hand, + pous(pod-), foot, + -logic.} I. The study of :reatment of the minor ailments of the feet, such IS corns, bunions, in-growing nail, etc. 2. A treatise on those affections. Topody (ki-rop'o-di). Chiropodology (i). ropompholyx (ki-ro-pomi'fo-liks) [G.cAe«>,hand.] Same as pompholyx. Topractic (ki-ro-prak'tik) [G, cheir, hand, +prak- ikos, efficient.] A method of palpation, nerve ;racing, and adjustment of vertebras for the relief 3f morbid conditions. ropractor (ki-ro-prak'tor). [G. cheir, hand, -|- praktor, agent.] One who treats morbid condi- ;ions according to the chiropractic method. rospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [G. cheir, hand, + ipasmos, spasm.] Writers' cramp or other spas- nodic affection of the muscles of the hand. lurgeon (ki-rur'jon) [G. cheir, hand, + ergon, BTork.] Surgeon. rurgery (ki-rur'jer-i.) [G. cheirourgia.] Surgery. rurgical (ki-rur'jx-kal). Surgical. s'el-frac'ture. A fracture of the head of the ■adius in which a segment is obliquely detached, hough usually held by periosteum at its lower ;nd. tin (ki'tin) [G. chiton, a coat or tunic] A kera- ;oid substance forming largely the exoskeletal md other hard parts of non-vertebrates. tinous (ki'tin-us). Of or relating to chitin. u. legenera'tion, amyloid degeneration.* tonitis (ki-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. chiton, tunic, -I- itis.1 Inflammation of any investing membrane, luch as the visceral pleura or peritoneum. ittenan'go Sulphur Springs, N. Y. Calcic-sulphur- ited waters, 45° F. Three springs. Used by irinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, leuralgia, cutaneous diseases, nervous aflec- ions, insomnia, renal affections, and general de- jility. itt'enden's stand'ard di'et [Russell Henry Chitten- len, American physiological chemist, *i856.] A liet containing from 47 to 55 grams of protein, aid to be sufficient to maintain the nitrogenous iquilibrium in an adult male. ttim-wood bark (kit'im). Rhamnus purshiana. lamydobacteriaceae (klam"e-do-bak-te"re-a'se-e) G. chlamys(chlamyd-), mantle.] A family of bacteria or Schizomycetes, including the higher bacteria, which are enclosed in a sheath. chlam"ydobacte'rium. Any of the higher bacteria or members of the Chlamydobacteriacece. chlam'ydospore [G. chlamys{chlamyd-), cloak.] A sexual spore protected by a chitinous envelope. Chlamydozoa (klam"e-do-zo'ah) [G. chlamys, a mantle, -I- zoon, an animal.] A term applied to a collective group of minute animal parasites which are extracellular or intracellular; in the latter case their presence excites a reaction in the cell which forms for them a capsule or mantle. chloasma (klo-az'mah) [G. chloazo, I become green.] The occurrence of light brown patches of irregu- lar shape and size on the sldn of the face and else- where ; the pigmented patches are also called moth patches and liver spots, c. bronzi'num, tropical mask, a bronze colored pigmentation occurring in gradually increasing areas on the face, neck, and chest in persons exposed continuously to the tropical sun. t. phthis'icum, pigmentation of the chest in pulmonary tuberculosis, c. uteri'- num, c, of the face occurring in pregnancy and in diseases of the uterus or ovaries, idio- path'ic c, c. occurring from external irritation, such as heat (c. calor'icum), scratching (c. trau- mat'icum), local poisoning (c. tox'icum), etc. symptomatic c, c. occurring in the subjects of various systemic affections, such as syphilis or malaria. chlorace'tic acid. An acetic acid in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine; according to the number of atoms so displaced the acid is called monochloracetic (r atom), dichloracetic (2 atoms), or trichloracetic (3 atoms) acid. chloracetiza'tion. The production of local anes- thesia by the application of a mixture of chloro- form and glacial acetic acid. chlo'ral. Chloralum, trichloraldehyde, CCI3.CHO, anhydrous chloral, a thin oily liquid of a piuigent odor, formed by the action of chlorine gas on alcohol, c. camphora'tum (N.P.), camphorated chloral ; a liquid prepared by triturating together equal parts of camphor and chloral hydrate; employed externally as an anodyne in neu- ralgia, c. hy'drate, chloralum hydratum. chloralam'ide. Chloral-ammonia. Incorrectly ap- plied to chloralformamide. chloralam'ine. Chloralformamidum. chloralammo'nia. Chloralamide, a white crystal- line powder; hypnotic and analgesic, in doses of gr- 13-30 (1.0-2.0). chloralam'ylene hy'drate. Dormiol, formed by mixing anhydrous chloral and amylene hydrate; a colorless fluid employed as an hypnotic in doses of Iffi7i-is (0.5-1.0). chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'id). A yellowish white powder, a compound of chloral and albumin; recommended in gastric and intestinal indiges- tion, in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). chlo'ral-caf'feine. Made by mixing 10 parts of caffeine and 7 . 8 parts of chloral hydrate in a concentrated alcoholic or aqueous solution and evaporating; occurs in lustrous leaflets; hypnotic and sedative in doses of gr. 3-6 (o . 2-0 . 4). chIo"ralcam"phorox'iine. A white crystalline pow- der, a compound of camphor, chloral hydrate, and an oxime ; hypnotic and antiseptic. cliloral£or"iiiami'dum. Chloralamide, formami- dated chloral, C3H4O2CI3N, derived from an- hydrous chloral by the, action of formamide; hypnotic and analgesic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). CHLORALIMIDE 192 CHLOROPHANE chlorarimide. Made by heating chloralamide or by the action of ammonium acetate on chloral hydrate; occurs in colorless, tasteless, and odor- less crystals; hypnotic and analgesic in doses of gr. 15-45 (1.0-3.0). chlo'raUsm. The habitual use of chloral as an intoxicant, and the symptoms caused thereby chloralose (klo'ral-oz). Made by heating anhydrous chloral with glucose; colorless crystals of bitter taste; hypnotic in doses of gr. 3-12 (0.2-0.8). chloralox'ime. A compoimd of chloral hydrate with an oxime. chlora'lum. Chloral, c. hydra'tum (U.S.), chloral hydras (Br.), trichlorethylidene glycol, CCl,.- CH(0H)2; occurs in large rhombic crystals or in white crystalline masses; hypnotic and anal- gesic in doses of gr. 5-30 (o . 3-2 . o). chloralurethane (klo-ral-u're-than). Ural, made by heating chloral with lu-ethane and treating with hydrochloric and siilphuric acids; occurs in color- less crystals; hypnotic in doses of gr. 10-45 (0.6- 3-o)- chloramine-T (klor-am'en-te) . Sodium paratolu- ene sulphonechloramine, an odorless crystal- line powder, containing 12.6 per cent, chlorine, readily soluble in water; it is non-toxic, but strongly antiseptic and is employed in o . 5 to 4 per cent, solution in the irrigation of wounds and in- fected cavities; dichloramine-T (q.v.) has similar properties, but is soluble in oil, not in water. chloranemia, chloranEemia (klor-an-e'ml-ah) [chlorosis + anemia."] A chlorosis-like anemia oc- curring in tuberculosis, cancer, and other cachectic conditions. chloran'odyne. Trade name of a mixture contain- ing chloroform, morphine, cannabis indica, and hydrocyanic acid; anodyne in doses of 11^15(1 .o). chlo'rate. A salt of chloric acid. chlorazene (klor'S-zen) . Trade name of a special make of chloramine-T. chlorcam'phor. A compound of camphor and chlorine. chlorcosane (klor'ko-san). Trade name of a straw-colored tasteless liquid made by chlorin- ating hard paraffin wax; employed as a solvent for dichloramine-T. chlore'mia, chlorse'mia. Chlorosis. chlorephidrosis (klor-ef-I-dro'sis) [G. chloroi, green, -f- ephidrosis, perspiration.] A greenish discolora- tion of the sweat. chloreth'yl. Ethyl* chloride. chloretone (klo're-ton). Acetone-chloroform, ter- tiary trichlorbutyl-alcohol, C4H7CI3O, occurring in white crystals of camphor-like odor and taste; hypnotic, sedative, and local anesthetic in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). chlo'ric. Relating to chlorine; noting compounds containing a smaUer proportion of chlorine than the chlorous compounds, c. acid, a colorless, very acid liquid, HCIO,; it forms stable salts, but is itself easily decomposed, u. e'ther, spiritus* chloroformi. chlo'ride. A compound of chlorine with another element. chloridimetry (klor-t-dim'e-trJ) [chloride + G. metron, measure.] The process of determining the amount of chlorides in the urine or other fluid. chlcrine (klo'rSn, klo'rin) [G. chloros, yellowish green.] Chlorum, a greenish, irritating, gaseous element, symbol CI, atomic weight 35.46; disin- fectant and bleaching in the form of calcium chloride or of chlorine water, aqua* chlori. c. group, the four univalent metalloids, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine; the halogens; they form, monobasic acids with hydrogen, and their hydroxides (fluorine forms none) are also mono- basic acids, t. water, aqua chlori (U.S. 1890), liquor chlori compositus (U.S. 1900). chlo'rinated. Containing chlorine. chlo'rite. A salt of chlorous acid. chlormeth'yl. Methyl chloride. chloroane'mia, chloroanae'mia. Chloranemia. chlorodyne (klo'ro-din). Trade name of an anodyne mixture of chloroform, cannabis indica, hydro- cyanic acid, and capsicum; dose, 1515-10 (0.3-0.6). Chloroflagell'ida [G. chloros, green.] An order of the Phyioflagellaia, the individuals of which have green chromatophores. cUoioblast (klo'ro-blast) [G. chloros, yellowish green, -I- blastos, germ.] Erythroblast. chlo'roform. Chloroformum. ac'etone c, chlore- tone. delayed c. pois'oning, the occurrence of grave symptoms, usually ending in death, com- ing on in from a few hours to several days after chloroform anesthesia ; it is assumed to be due to autointoxication resulting from hepatic inadequacy in cases of fatty liver, the suppression of function being aggravated by the shock and the presence of chloroform in the blood. chlorofor'min. A toxin extracted from tubercle bacilli by means of chloroform. chlo'rofonnism. The habit of chloroform inhala- tion and the symptoms caused thereby. chlorofor'mum, chlo'roform (U.S. and Br.). Tri- chloromethane, methylene trichloride, CHCl,, a heavy colorless liquid of sweetish taste and characteristic odor, prepared from alcohol or acetone by the action of chlorinated lime; em- ployed by inhalation to produce general anesthe- sia, and internally as an anodyne, sedative, and antispasmodic in doses of 1113—5 (0-2-0.3). chloTOgenine (klo-roj'en-en). Alstonine, an alka- loid, CjjHjiNjOj, from the bark of Alstonia con- stricta, Australian fever bark; antiperiodic, anti- pyretic, and tonic. chlo'rol. Trade name of a liquid disinfectant, said to be an aqueous solution of mercuric chloride, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and copper sulphate. chlo'roUn. Trade name of a- liquid disinfectant, said to contain monochlorphenol and trichlor- phenol. chlorolymphosarcoma (klo"ro-lim"fo-sar-ko'mah). A variety of chlorosarcoma. chloro'ma [G. chloros, green, + -oma.} A condition marked by the occurrence of mviltiple growths, often of a greenish or greenish yellow color, on the periosteum of the bones of the face or skull and occasionally on the vertebrae, associated with the presence in the blood of numbers of lymphocytes or myeloblasts; green cancer, chlorosarcoma. chloromorphine (klo-ro-mor'fen). A product oc- curring as an intermediate body in the conversion of morphine into apomorphine; it is said to have a sedative action, but with a tendency to cause paralysis of the respiratory center. chloromyeloma (klo-ro-mi-el-o'mah) [G. chldros, green, -I- myelos, marrow, + -dma.'\ Chloroma associated with multiple growths in the bone- marrow. chloroper'cha. A solution of guttapercha in chloro- form, used in dentistry as a protective varnish and for filling minute cavities. chlorophane (klo'ro-fan) [G. chloros, greenish yellow, + phaino, I show.] A greenish yellow pigment in the retina. CHLOROPHENOL 193 CHOLANGITIS chlorophe'nol. One of several substitution prod- ucts, obtained by the action of chlorine on phenol, employed as antiseptics; see irichlorophenol, c. sal'icylate, chlorosalol. chlo'rophyl, chlo'rophyU [G. chloros, yellowish green, + phyllon, leaf.] The green pigment of plants. chloroplas'tid [G. chloros, green, + plastos, formed.] A granule of chlorophyl. chlorop'aia [G. chloros, yellowish green, + opsis, eyesight.] Green vision, a condition in which all objects appear to be colored green. chloTosal'ol. Chlorophenol salicylate, an external antiseptic. chlorosarcolymphadeny (Mo"ro-sar"ko-limf-ad'en-I) [chlorosarcoma + lymphadenia.] Chlorolympho- sarcoma. chlorosaTco'ma [G. chloros, green, + sarx, flesh, + -dnta.] A sarcomatous variant of chloroma. chlorosarcomyeloma (klo"ro-sar"ko-mi-el-o'mah). A sarcomatous variant of chloromyeloma. chloro'sis [G. chloros, green.] A form of anemia, occurring chiefly in young girls ; it is characterized by a marked reduction in the hemoglobin, out of proportion to the diminution in number of red blood-cells. Egyp'tian c, ankylostomiasis, uncin- ariasis, chlorostigma (klo-ros'tig-mah) [G. chloros, green, + . stigma, spot.] The plant Chlorostigma stucker- tianum, growing in the Argentine Republic; em- ployed as a galactogogue. chlorot'ic. Relating to or suffering from chlorosis. chlo'rous. Relating to chlorine ; noting compounds of chlorine containing a larger proportion of the element than the chloric compounds. c. acid, HCIO2, an acid forming chlorites with bases. chloroxyl (klor-oks'il). Trade name of cinchophen hydrochloride, a yellow crystalline powder with an astringent taste, insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in alcohol; used to meet the same indications and in the same dose as cinchophen. Chlorozylon swietenia (Uo-roks'i-lon swe-te'ni-ah) [G. chloros, green, + xylon, wood; van Swieten.*'\ East Indian satinwood. chloroxylonine (klo-rok-stl'o-nen) . A crystalline alkaloid, C22H23NO7, derived from East Indian satinwood, Chloroxylon swietenia, locally irritating and often causing a dermatitis in workers in this wood. chlo'rozone. Trade name of a disinfectant liquid. chloiphe'nol. Chlorophenol. chlo'nim [L.] Chlorine, c. solu'tum, aqua* chlori, chlorine water. chloryl (klo'ril). Trade name of an anesthetic mix- ture of ethyl and methyl chlorides. C,H,(HHj). Aniline. CH3NO2. Carbamic acid. CjH,(HOj),. Trinitroglycerol, nitroglycerin, glon- oin CiH^KjO,. Uric acid. CtHiiHO,. Amyl nitrite. C,H,nO. Acetanilide. C,H,HO,. . Hippuric acid, CH2.NH(C,H,.C0).C0- OH. C,Hj(H02),0H. Picric acid, trinitrophenol. CHjO. Formaldehyde, H.CHO. CHjO]. Formic acid. CH4O. Methyl alcohol, wood alcohol. CjHjO,. Oxalic acid, COOH . COOH. CjH.Oj. Acetic acid, CH,.COOH, or HC2H302. (C2H6)20. Sulphuric ether. CjHdO- Acetone, dimethyl ketone. C,H«0»- Lactic acid. 13 C,H,0,. Glycerol, glycerin. C4H,02. Crotonic acid. CjHjO,. Malic acid. C4H,0,. Tartaric acid. CjHgOj. Isobutyric acid. C^HiO,. Normal butyric acid. CiHijO. Sulphuric ether. CjHijOj. Valerianic, or valeric, acid, C4H, . COOH. CgHijO. Amyl alcohol, fusel oil C,H,0. Carbolic acid, phenol. C,H,Oj. Citric acid. C,H,||0,. Cellulose, starch. C,H,20,. Grape sugar. C7H4O,. Meconic acid C,H,Oj. Benzoic acid, C,H,. COOH. C,H,0,. Salicylic acid, C.H^. OH . COOH. C,H,Oj. Gallic acid. Ci2H2.^0n. Cane sugar. ^n^io^f. Tannic acid, gallotannic acid. C,,H,,04. Chrysophanic acid. CiiH^Oj. Oleic acid. Ci,H„Oj. Stearic acid, C„H,5.COOH. choana, pi. choa'nce (ko-a'nah) [L. from G. choane, funnel.] An inf undibulum ; specifically [BNA] posterior naris, the opening into the nas6pharjTix of the nasal fossa on either side. choanate (ko'an-at). Having a funnel, i.e. with a ring or collar, noting the members of the Choano fiagellata and certain other protozoans. Choanoflagellata (ko"an-o-fiaj-el-a'tah) [G. choane, a funnel.] A subclass of Zoomastigophora, the members of which present a ring or collar of proto- plasm around the base of the flagellum. choanoid (ko'an-oyd) [Gi choane, funnel, + eidos, resemblance.] Funnel-shaped, infundibuliform. choc en retour (shok-on-re-toor') [Fr. return shock.] I. The falling of the fetus against the finger-tip in ballottement. a. Infection of the mother from a syphilitic fetus. choc'olate [Mex. choco, cacao, + latl, water.] A substance made by grinding the roasted seeds of cacao, or theobroma, and mixing with sugar, vanilla, cinnamon, or other flavor; also a beverage made by dissolving this in milk or water. CzHjOH. Alcohol, ethyl alcohol. CgHgOH. Carbolic acid, phenol. C.Hj . OH . COOH. Salicylic atfid. choke. To prevent respiration by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea, thorac'ic c. obstruction by a foreign body in the thoracic portion of the esophagus of the horse. choke'damp. Carbonic dioxide or anhydride, COj. choked disc. Papillitis, with excessive serous infiltration. chokes. Caisson disease in which dyspnea and coughing are the most marked symptoms. cholsemia. Cholemia. cholagogic (kol-S-goj'ik). Cholagogue (i). cholagogue (kol'S-gog) [G. chole, bile, + agogos leading.] i. Promoting the flow of bile. 2. An agent which increases the flow of bile. cholalic (ko-lal'ik). Relating to bile. c. acid, cholic acid, a bile acid, C^iH^jO,, found in the feces. cholangeitis (ko-lan-je-i'(e')tis). Cholangitis. cholangiostomy (ko-lan-jl-os'td-ml) [G. chole, bile, -f- angeion, vessel, + stoma, mouth.] The surgical formation of a flstula into a bile-duct. cholangiotomy (ko-lan-jt-dt'o-ml) [G. chole, bile -f- angeion, vessel, + tome, incision.] Incision into a bile-duct. cholangitis (ko-lan-ji'(je')tis) [G. chole, bile, -f angeion, vessel, -I- -itis.l Angiocholitis, inflam- mation of a bile-duct. CHOLECYANIN 194 CHOLELITH cholecyanin (ko-le-si'an-in) fG. chole, bile, + kyanos, blue.] A blue pigment derived from biliverdin; bilicyanin. cholecyst (ko'le-sist) . Gall-bladder, vesica* fellea [BNA]. cholecystalgia (ko-le-sis-tal'ji-ah) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, + algos, pain.] Biliary colic. cholecystectasia (ko-le-sis-tek-ta'zl-ah) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, + ekiasis, extension. Dilatation of the gall-bladder. cholecystectomy (ko-le-sis-tek'to-ml) [G, chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, + ektoml, excision.] Surgical removal of the gall-bladder. cholecystendysis (ko-le-sis-ten'di-sis) [G. chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + endysis, an entering in.] Ideal cholecystotomy, removal of a gallstone by incision into the gall-bladder, extraction of the calculus, and suture of the wound in the bladder and the abdominal wall. cholecystenterorrhaphy (ko-Ie-sist-en-ter-or'^-ft) [G. cholS, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + enteron, intestine, + rhaphe, suture.] Suture of the gall-bladder to the intestinal wall. cholecystenterostomy (ko-le-sist-en-ter-os'to-ml) [G. chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, -I- enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth.] Surgical formation of a direct communication between the gall-bladder and the intestine. cholecystic (ko-le-sis'tik). Relating to the chole- cyst, or gall-bladder. cholecystis (ko-le-sis'tis) [G. chole, bile, -|- kystis, bladder.] Gall-bladder, vesica* fellea [BNA]. cholecystitis (ko-le-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. chole, bile, -f- kystis, bladder, -I- -itis.1 Inflammation of the gall-bladder. cholecystocolostomy (ko-le-sis-to-ko-los'to-ml) [G. chole, bile, -t- kystis, bladder, + kolon, colon, -t- stoma, mouth.] Operative establishment of a communication between the gall-bladder and the colon. cholecystocolotomy (ko-le-sis-to-ko-lot'o-ml). [G. chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + kolon, colon, + tome, incision.] Incision into the gall-bladder and the colon. cholecystoduodenostomy (ko-le-sis'to-du-o-de-nos'- to-ml) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, -t- L. duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.] Operative estab- lishment of a direct communication between the gall-bladder and the duodenum. cholecystogastrostomy (ko-le-sis"to-gas-tros'to-m!() [G. chole, bile, -f- kystis, bladder, -f gaster, stomach, -f stoma, mouth.] - The establishment of a communication between the gall-bladder and the stomach. cholecystoileostomy (ko-le-sis-to-il-e-os'to-ml) [G. cholS, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + L. ileum + G. stoma, mouth.] The operative establishment of a communication between the gall-bladder and the ileum. cholecystojejunostomy (ko-le-sis-to-je-ju-nos'to-mt) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, + L. jejunum- + G. stoma, mouth.] The surgical establishment of a communication between the gall-bladder and the jejunum. cholecystoUthiasis (ko-le-sis-to-lith-i'i-sis) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, -I- lilhos, stone.] Chole- cystic calculus, the presence of one or more gall- stones in the gall-bladder. cholecystoUthotripsy (ko-le-sis-to-lith'o-trip-sl) [G. chole, bile, -t- kystis, bladder, -t- lithos, stone, -f tripsis, a rubbing.] The crushing of a gallstone by manipulation of the unopened gall-bladder. cholecystomy (ko-le-sis'to ml). Cholecystotomy. cholecystopexy (ko-le-sis'to-pek-sl) [G. chole, bile. + kystis, bladder, -1- pexis, fixation.] Suturing the gall-bladder to the abdominal wall. cholecystoTThaphy (ko-le-sis-tor'4-fl) [G. chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder, + rhaphe, sewing.] Suture of the incised or ruptured gall-bladder. cholecystostomy (ko-le-sis-tos'to-ml) [G. chole, bile -f kystis, bladder, -f- stoma, mouth.] The sur- gical establishment of a fistula into the gall- bladder. cholecystotomy (ko-le-sis-tot'o-ml) [G. chole, bile, + kystis, hlaAisT, -I- tome, incision.] Incision into the gall-bladder, ide'al c, cholecystendysis. choledoch (ko'le-dok). Choledochus. c. duct, ductus choledochus. choledochectasia (ko-led-o-kek-ta'zl-ah) [G. chole- dochos, common bile-duct, H- ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the common bile-duct. choledochectomy (ko-led-o-kek'to-irJ) [G. chole- dochos, common bile-duct, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of a portion of the common bile- duct. choledochendysis (ko-le-dok-en'di-sis) [G. chole, bile, + dochos, containing, + endysis, an entering jn. ] Ideal choledochotomy; removal of a gallstone from the common bile-duct by incision, extraction of the stone, and imra,ediate suture of the duct. choledochitis (ko-led-o-ki'(ke')tis) [G. choledochos, common bile-4uct, -f -itis.l Inflanunation of the common bile-duct. choledochoduodenostom.y (ko-led-o-ko-du-o-de-nos'- to-ml) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, -t- L. duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.] Surgical for- mation of a communication, other than the natural one, between the common bile-duct and the duodenum. choledochoenterostomy (ko-led"o ko-en-ter-os'to- raH) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, + enteron, intestine, -f stoma, mouth.] Surgical establish- ment of a commtmication, other than the natural one, between the common bile-duct and any part of the intestine. choledochoUthiasis (ko-led-o-ko-lith-i'S-sis) [G. cho- ledochos, common bile-duct, -I- lithos, stone.] The presence of a gallstone in the common bile- duct. choledochoUthotomy (ko-led-o-ko-ll-thot'o-ml) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, + lithos, stone, + tome, incision.] Incision of the common bile- duct for the extraction of an impacted gall- stone. choledochoUthotripsy (ko-led-o-ko-lith'o-trip-sl) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, -I- lithos, stone, + tripsis, rubbing.] Crushing of a gallstone in the common duct by manipulation without opening of the duct. choledochoplasty (ko-led'o-ko-plas"tr) A plastic operation on the common bile-duct. choledochostomy (ko-led-o-kos'to-ml) [G. chole- dochos, common bile-duct, + stoma, mouth.] The surgical establishment of a fistula into the common bile-duct. choledochotomy (ko-led-o-kot'o-ml) [G. choledochos, common bile-duct, + tome, incision.] Incision into the common bile-duct, ide'al c, chole- dochendysis. choledochous (ko-Ied'o-kus). Containing or con- veying bile. choledochus (ko-led'o-kus) [G. chole, bile, + dochos, containing; dechomai, I receive.] The common bile-duct, ductus* choledochus. cholehemia, cholehsemia (ko-le-he'ml-ah) [G. choU, bile, + haima, blood.] Cholemia. choleic (ko-le'ik). Cholic. cholelith (ko'le-lith) [G. chole, bile, -I- lithos, stonej CHOLELITH 19s CHONDRALGIA Gallstone, biliary calculus, a concretion of inspis- sated bile. cholelithiasis (ko-le-lith-i'a-sis) [G. chole, bile, + Uthos, stone.] Gallstone, biliary calculus; a condition in which concretions are present in the gall-bladder or bile-ducts. choleUthotomy (ko-le-lith-ot'o-ml) [G. chole, bile, 4- Uthos, stone, -I- tome, incision.] Operative removal of a gallstone. cholelithotripsy (ko-le-lith'o-trip-sl) [G, chole, bile, + Uthos, stone, + tripsis, a rubbing.] The crushing of a gallstone. cholelithotrity (ko-le-ll-thofri-tl) [G. chole, bile, + Uthos, stone, + L. tritus, from terere, to rub.] Cholelithotripsy. cholemia, cholsmia (ko-le'ml-ah). The presence of bile salts in the circulating blood. cholepyrrhin (ko-le-pir'in) [G. chole, bile, -I- pyrrhos, flame-colored.] Impure bilirubin, biliphein. cholera (kol'S-rah) [G. chole, bile, + rheo, I flow; or Heb. choli-ra, bad disease (?).] An acute epidem- ic infectious disease caused by a specific germ. Spirillum cholera asiaticce; it is marked clinically by a profuse watery diarrhea, muscular cramps, vomiting, and collapse. It is called also Asiatic or Indian cholera, epidemic c, malignant c, algid c, asphyctic c, and pestilential c. bil'ious c, (i) c. morbus; (2) a mild form of Asiatic c. chick'en c, fatal specific diarrhea of fowls, u. infan'tum, a disease of infants, characterized by vomiting, profuse watery diaTrhea, fever, great prostration, and collapse, c. mor'bus, an acute gastroenteritis, marked by severe colic, vomit- ing, and watery stools, occurring in hot weather. c. nos'tras, c. morbus, c. sic'ca [L. dry], a malignant , form in which death occurs from toxemia before diarrhea has begun. Europe'an c, ^. morbus, hog c, a specific contagious disease of swine marked by inflammation of the lungs and of the intestine; swine plague, pneu- moenteritis, erysipelas malignum. sim'ple c, bilious 0.(2). sporad'ic c, c. morbus, sum'mer u., c. morbus, win'ter c, an epidemic diarrhea ccurring ino the winter season. cholerEiic (kol-S-ra'ik). Relating to cholera. chol"era-red reac'tion. Upon adding 3 or 4 drops of sulphuric acid (concentrated, chemically pure) to an eighteen-hour-old bouillon or peptone cul- ture of the cholera vibrio, a color from rose-pink to claret is produced. choleriform (kol'er-I-form) [L. forma, form.] Re- seipbling cholera, choleroid. cholerigenous (kol-er-ij'en-us) [cholera + G. gen- nao, I produce.] Causing or engendering cholera. cholerine (kol'er-en). A mild form of cholera, bil- ious cholera; it is common during epidemics of Asiatic cholera, but it is not determined whether it is simple cholera morbus, or the true epidemic disease in mild form. cholerization (kol"er-i-za'shun). Inocvdation with cholera as a prophylactic measure. choleroid (kol'er-oyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling cholera, choleriform. cholerophobia (kol-er-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. phohos, fever.] A morbid fear of acquiring cholera. choleiythrin (kol-er'e-thrin) [G. erythros, red.] I. Cholera-red. 2. A urinary pigment found in residents of the tropics. cholerythrogen (kol-er'i-thro- jen) . A chromogen which decomposes into cholerythrin; a, toxic substance which plays an important part m the genesis of gastrointestinal disturbances m the tf bpics. cholesteatoma, pi. cholesteato'mata (kol-es-te-i-to'- mah) [G. chole, bile, -V stear{steat-), fat, -I- -oma.] A growth consisting of small, pearly nodules, usually springing from the cerebral meninges, formed of concentric layers of endothelial or epithelial cells, often surrounding a core of choles- terin crystals and fat globules. cholesteremia, cholestersemia (ko-les-ter-e'mJ-ah) [G. haima, blood.] The presence of cholesterin in the blood. cholesterilin (ko-les'ter-il-in). One of a number of isomeric hydrocarbons resulting from the splitting up of Cholesterin in the presence_ of concentrated sulphuric acid. cholesterin (ko-les'ter-in) . Cholesterol, t. cleft, ■ see under cleft. cholesterinemia (ko-les-ter-in-e'mi-ah). Choles-; teremia, cholesterolemia, the pressure of choles- terin, or cholesterol, in the blood. cholesterinuria (ko-les-ter-in-u'ri-ah) [cholesterin + G. ouron, urine.] Cholesteroluria, the passage o£ cholesterin in the urine. cholesterol (ko-les'ter-ol) [G. chole, bile, -|- stereos, solid.] A monatomic alcohol, CgTH^gOH, occur- ring in the form of square scaly crystals with a notched comer, having an unctuous feel; it is found chiefly in the bile, forming the greater part of gallstones, and also in the brain, in the seeds of plants, in yolk of egg, and elsewhere; called also cholesterin. cholesterolemia (ko-les-ter-ol-e'mi-ah) {cholesterol ■\- G. haima, blood.] The presence of choles- terol in the blood. cholesteroluria (ko-les-ter-ol-u'ri-ah) . Choles- terinuria, the presence of cholesterin, or choles- terol, in the urine when voided. choletelin (ko-let'el-in) [G. chole, bile, + telos, end.] Bilixanthin. choletherapy (ko-le-ther'a-pK) [G. chole, bile, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by the use of oxgall. choleuria (ko-le-u'ri-ah). Choluria. cholever'din. Biliverdin. cholic (kol'ik). Relating to the bile. c. acid, cholalic* acid. choline (kol'en) [G. chole, bile.] A ptomaine occur- ring in the form of a thick syrupy liquid; it is found in bile, yolk of eggs, fungi, and other substances, and in the cerebrospinal fluid in cer- tain nervous diseases. It is only slightly toxic. cholochrome (kol'o-krom) [G. chole, bile, -I- chroma, color.] Bile pigment. chologestin (kol-o-jes'tin). Trade name of a prepa- ration said to contain sodium glycocholate, so- dium salicylate, pancreatin, and sodium bicar- bonate, in solution ; recommended as a cholagogue in doses of 54 (i6.o). chololith (kol'o-lith) [G. chole, bile, + Uthos, stone.] Gallstone, biliary calculus, cholelith. cholelithiasis (kol"o-lith-i'as-is). Cholelithiasis. chololithic (koi"o-lith'ic). Relating in any way to gallstones. choloplania (kol-o-pla'nl-ah) [G. chole, bile, -t- plane, a wandering.] The presence of bile salts in the blood or tissues. cholorrhea, cholorrhoea (kol-or-re'ah) [G. chole, bile, -I- rhoia, a flow.] An excessive secretion of bile. choluria (kS-lu'rI-ah) [G. chole, bile, + ouron, urine.] The presence of bile salts in the urine. chondral (kon'dral) [G. chondros, cartilage.] Relat- ing to cartilage. chondralgia (kon-dral'ji-ah) [G. chondros, cartilage, + algos, pain.] Pain in or about a cartilage; chondrodynia. CHONDRALLOPLASIA 196 CHONDROSARCOMA chondralloplasia (kon"dral-o-pla'z!-ah) [G. chon- dros, cartilage, + alios, other, + plasis, a mould- ing.] The occurrence of cartilage in abnormal situations in the bony skeleton. chondrectomy (kon-drek'to-ml) [G. chondros, car- tilage, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a cartilage. chondriflcatioii (kon-dri-fi-ka'shun) [G. chondros, cartilage, + L. facere, to make.] Converjion into cartilage. chondrify (kon'drl-fi). To become cartilaginous. chondrigen (kon'drlt-jen). Chondrogen, the special basal substance of cartilage which is converted into chondrin by boiling. chondrin (kon'drin). A gelatin-like substance obtained from cartilage by boiling, c. ball, one of the globular masses formed by a group of cells inclosed in a capsule, in hyaline cartilage. chondriomite (kon'dre-o-mite) [G. chondros, carti- lage, -I- mitos, thread.] One of the chains of mitochondria formed in the process of maturation of the oocyte. chondritis (kon-dri'(dre')tis). Inflammation of cartilage. chondroblast (kon'dro-blast) [G. chondros, cartilage, + blasios, germ.] A cell of the primitive cartilage tissue in the embryo. chondrocaxcinozna (kon"dro-kar-se-no'mah). A car- cinoma containing cartilaginous tissue. ichondroclast (kon'dro-klast) [chondros, cartilage, + klasios, broken in pieces.] A cell concerned in the absorption of cartilage. chondroconia (kon-dro-ko'ni-ah) [G. chondros, carti- lage, -f- konis, dust.] Schridde granules, mito- chondria (3), reddish granules occurring in myelo- cytes, said to differ from the granules of lympho- cytes and large uninuclear leucocytes. chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos'tal) [G. chondros, car- tilage + L. casta, rib.] Relating to the costal cartilages. chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'ni-um) [G. chondros, cartilage, + kranion, skull.] A cartilaginous skull; the embryonic skull before ossification. chondrocyte (kon'dro-sit) [G. chondros, cartilage, + kylos, cell.] A cartilage cell. chondrodendron (kon-dro-den'dron) [G. chondros, cartilage, -I- dendron, tree.] A genus of South American trees, of which the species C. iomento'- sum. furnishes pareira. chondrodynia (kon-dro-din'I-ah) [G. chondros, car- tilage., 4- odyne, pain.j Chondralgia, pain in or around a cartilage. cliondrodysplasia (kon"-dro-dis-pla'z![-ah) [G. chon- dros, cartilage, + dys, bad, -I- plasis, a mould- ing.] Chondralloplasia. chondrodystrophia (kon-dro-dis-tro'fl-ah) [G. chon- dros, cartilage, + dys-, bad, -I- trophe, nourish- ment] Chondrodystrophy, achondroplasia.* chondrodystrophy (kon-dro-dis'tro-fe) [G. chondros, cartilage, -I- dys-,AiSicvi\X,+ ;ro/>Ae, nourishment.] Achondroplasia, it disturbance in the normal process of ossification in cartilage, dating from intrauterine life, resulting in arrested growth of the long bones and a condition of stocky dwarf- ism ; the head is large, the nates and abdomen are prominent, the fingers are divergent (see cut ■under trident* hand), and the extremities are disproportionately short in comparison with the torso, hypeiplas'tic c, a form in which there is an extreme outgrowth of the epiphyses with corresponding distortion of the joints, hypo- plas'tic c, a form in which the shafts of the long bones are composed of spongy bone with irregular Haversian systems, the marrow cavity is not in the center of the shaft, the ends of the diaphysis are cup-shaped, and the epiphyses are irregular in shape and in time and character of ossification. chondrofibroma (kon-dro-fi-bro'mah). A mixed tumor with elements of fibroma and chondroma. chondroform (kon'dro-form). Trade name of an antiseptic lubricant made from seaweed. chondrogen (kon'dro-jen). Chondrigen, the special cement substance of cartilage which on boiling yields chondrin chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen'e-sis) [G. chondros, cartilage, + genesis, origin.] The formation of cartilage. chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'us) [G. chondros, cartilage, + glossa, tongue.] See musculus chondroglossus . chondroglucose (kon"dro-glu'kOs). A glucose ob- tained from cartilage by boiling in water con- taining a small proportion of a mineral acid. chondrography (kon-drog'ra-fl) [G. chondros, car- tilage, + grapho, I write.] A description of, or a treatise on, cartilage and the cartilages of the body. chondroid (kon'droyd) [G. chondros, cartilage, + eidos, resemblance.] x. Resembling cartilage. V. Cartilaginous. chondroitic acid (kon-dro-it'ik). A substance existing in combination with a protein in chon- dromucoid. chondrology (kon-drol'o-jl) [G. chondros, cartilage -f- -logia.} Science in relation to cartilage and the cartilages. chondroma, pi. chondro^maia (kon-dro'mah) [G. chondros, cartilage, -I- -oma.] A tumor formed of one of the varieties of cartilage; enchondroma. c. sarcomato'sum, chondrosarcoma. chondromalacia (kon-dro-mal-a'sl-ah) [G. chondros, cartilage, -I- malakia, softness.] Softening of any cartilage, u. feta'lis, an intrauterine form of chondrodystrophy in which the fetus is bom dead with soft pliable limbs. chondromatous (kon-dro'ma-tus) Relating to a chondroma or cartilage tumor. chondromitome (kon-drom'I-tom) [G. chondros, carti- lage, -I- mitos, thread.] Paranucleus. chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'koyd) [G. chondros, cartilage, + L. mucus + G. eidos, resemblance.] A substance in cartilaginous tissue consisting of a compound of chondroitic acid with an albu- minate. chondromyoma (kon-dro-mi-o'mah). A mixed tu- mor with elements of chondroma and myoma. chondromyzoma (kon-dro-miks-o'mah). A mixed tumor containing elements of chondroma and myxoma. chondropharyngeus (kon-dro-far-in-je'us) [G. chon- dros, cartilage, -t- pharynx.'\ See musculus chondropharyngeus, chondrophyte (kon'dro-fit) [G. chondros cartilage, -t- phyton, a growth.] A growth springing from articular cartilage. chondroplast (kon'dro-plast) [G. chondros, cartilage, -I- plastos, formed.] Chondroblast. chondroporosis (kon-dro-po-ro'sis) [G. chondros, cartilage, + poros, a passage.] A porous con- dition of cartilage, either normal (in the process of ossification) or pathological. chondroprotein (kon-dro-pro'te-in). A protein oc- curring normally in cartilage, such as chondro- mucoid, chondrogen, etc. chondrosarcoma (kon-dro-sar-ko'mah), pi. chon- drosarco'mata. chondrosarco'mas. A mixed chon- droma and sarcoma; a cartilaginous tumor containing many imperfectly differentiated, CHONDROS ARCOM A 197 CHORIOID vegetative, or embryonic cells; chondroma sarcomatosum. chondrosis (kon-dro'sis). The formation of cartil- age. chondiosome (kon'dro-som) [G. chondros, cartilage, + soma, body.] A readily stainable cell granule which tends to form fibrillse; mitochondria (i). chondrostemal (kon-dro-ster'nal). Relating to a sternal cartilage, chondroxiphoid; relating to the costal cartilages and the sternum. chondrotome (kon'dro-tom) [G. chondros, cartilage, + tome, cutting.] Cartilage knife; a very strong scalpel-shaped knife, used in cutting cartilage. chondrotoxny (kon-drot'o-mi) [G. chondros, cartilage, + tome, a cutting.] i. The branch of anatomy treating of the cartilages. 2 . Division of a oartilage- chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zi'foyd). Relating to the xiphoid or ensiform cartilage. chondrus (kon'drus) [G. chondros, gristle.] i. Cartilage. ^. A genus of seaweeds. 3. (U.S.) Irish moss, carrageen, pig-wrack, pearl moss ; the plant Chondrus crispus or Fucus crispus; demul- cent, in chronic respiratory and intestinal affec- tions, in doses of 3 1-2 (30.0—60.0) of an infusion of 5^1 to the pint. Chopart's amputa'tion (sho-par') [Franjois Chopart, Paris surgeon, 1743-1795.] Disarticulation at the midtarsal joint, leaving only the astragalus and calcaneum, with the soft parts of the sole of the foot to cover the stump ; see cut under ampu- tation. C.'s joint, articulatio tarsi transversa [BNA], the midtarsal joint between the astraga- lus and calcaneum on one side and the cuboid and navicular bones on the other. chord. See cord. chorda, pi. chor'dce (kor'da) [L. a string, cord.] i. A tendon, z. A tendinous or string-like struc- ture, c. dorsa'lis, (i) the notochord; (2) the spinal cord. Cv mag'na, tendo Achillis, tendo* calcaneus, t. obli'qua [BNA], oblique cord, oblique or round ligament of the elbow- joint, a slender band extending from the outer part of the coronoid process of the ulna downward and out- ward to the radius immediately below the bicipital tuberosity, t. spennat'ica, spermatic cord, funiculus* spermaticus. c. spina'Iis, spinal cord, medulla* spinalis [BNA]. c. tendin'ea, pi. chor'dce tendin'ea one of several fine tendinous cords stretching between the walls of the ventri- cles, often from the apices of the papillary muscles, and the ventricular surfaces of the cusps of the auriculoventricular valves, c. transver'sa, i;. obliqua. c. tym'pani, cord of the tympanum, see imder nervus. c. umbilica'lis, umbilical cord. c. vertebra'lis, notochord. c. voca'lis, pi. chor'dte voca'les, vocal cord, plica* vocalis. c. 'Willis'ii, Willis's* cord. chordal (kor'dal). Relating to any chorda or cord, especially to the notochord. chordee (kor-de') [Fr. corded.] A painful erection of the penis in gonorrhea, the member being curved through lack of distensibility of the corpus cavemosum urethrse. chorditis (kor-di'(de')tis) [G. chorde, cord, + -itis.] Inflammation of a cord, usually a vocal cord, sometimes a spermatic cord. t. nodo'sa, 0. tuberosa. c. tubero'sa, singer's nodes, vocal nodules, trachoma of the vocal bands; a condi- tion marked by the formation of one or more nodules on one or both vocal cords, c. voca'lis, inflammation of the vocal cords, c. voca'Us infe'- rior, chronic subglottic laryngitis, an mflamma- tion limited mainly to the under surface of the vocal cords and adjacent parts. chordoma (kor-do'mah), pi. chordo'mata, chordo'mas [(noio)chord + -oma.] A small tumor situated at the spheno-occipital sjmchondrosis or, rarely, at one of the intervertebral discs, composed of notochordal tissue. chordoskeleton (kor-do-skel'e-ton). The part of the skeleton in the embryo, in relation with the notochord. chorea (ko-re'ah) [G. choreia, a, choral dance.] A disorder, usually of childhood, characterized by 'irregular, spasmodic, involuntary movements of the limbs or facial muscles ; when used without qualification the term usually refers to Syden- ham's c, orSt.Vitus's dance, button-maker's c, ataxic movements of the hand and arm, a pro- fessional neurosis in button makers, c. festi'- nans [L. festinare, to hasten], procursive u. c. insa'niens, a severe form of c. marked by the occurrence of delirium, chiefly at night, c. ma'jor, a spasmodic attack occurring in major hysteria, dan'cing c, (i) procursive c. ; (2) choreomania. elec'tric c, (1) Dubini's disease, a progressively fatal spasmodic disorder, possibly of malarial origin, occurring chiefly in Italy; (2) Bergeron's chorea, electrolepsy, a disorder of benign course, marked by the sudden appearance of rhythmical spasms without obvious cause; (3) a severe fonn of Sydenham's c, in which the spasms are rapid and of a specially jerky charac- ter, epidem'ic c, choreomania. habit c, tic, the frequent involuntary repetition of the same movement, hered'itary c, Huntington's c, a chronic disorder, beginning usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years, characterized by choreic movements in the face and extremities accompanied by a gradual loss of the mental faculties ending in dementia; it is hereditary and is due to chronic meningitis with degen- eration in the cortical cells of the brain, mani'- acal c, c. insaniens. laryn'geal c, a spasmodic tic involving the muscles, resulting in an ex- plosive manner of talking, psiralyt'ic c, a form, in which there is weakness or paresis of one side of the body, or perhaps of one arm only, with slight jerking movements, post-hemiple'gic c, athetosis, procur'sive c, a form in which the child whirls around, runs forward, or exercises a sort of rhythmical dancing movement, se'nile c, a disorder resembling Sydenham's c, not associated with rheumatism or cardiac disease, occurring in the aged. choreal (ko-re'al). Relating to chorea. choreic (ko-re'ik). Relating to or of the nature of chorea. choreiform (ko-rel-form) [L. forma, form.] Resem- bling chorea, choreoid. choreoathetoid (ko"re-o-ath'e-toyd). Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling both chorea and athetosis. choreoid (ko're-oyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.]! Choreiform, resembling chorea. choreomania (ko-re-o-ma'nU-ah). Epidemic chorea, choronaania, the dancing mania of the middle ages. choriocapillaris (ko"ri-o-kap-I-la'ris). The middle layer of the chorioid coat of the eye, lamina* choriocapillaris. choriocarcinoma (ko"ri-o-kar-s![-no'mah). Chori- oma malignum. choriocele (ko'ri-o-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] A bulging of the chorioid coat of the eye through a defect in the sclera. chorioepithelioma (ko"re-o-ep-l-the-U-o'mah). De- ciduoma malignum, chorioma* malignum. chorioid (ko-ri-oyd). Choroid. 1. Resembling Chorioid 198 CHROMAFFINOPATHY the chorion, the corium, or any membrane, a. The middle coat of the eyeball, chorioidea. Chorioid is the correct form, but choroid is in more common use. c. plex'us, a vascular fringe or infolding of the metatela in one of the ventricles of the brain; there are four pairs of chorioid plexuses: of the third ventricle (diap'lexus), of the fourth ventricle (metafilexus), and of the lateral ventricles (paraplexas). chorioidea (ko-re-o-id'e-ah) [L. chorioideus (from G, chorioeides, skin-like), sc. tunica, coat.] Cho- rioid, choroid, the middle, vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera ex- tending as far forward as the ora serrata of the former. chorioiditis (ko-re-oy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the vascular tunic of the eye or chorioid mem- brane, sire'olar c, a form in which the inflamma- tion spreads concentrically from the region of the ' macula lutea. cen'tral c, inflammation of the i;. with exudation limited chiefly to the macula. u. gutta'ta, Tay's disease, the occurrence of yellowish spots of irregular outline surrounding the macula lutea; called also c. gutta'ta seni'lis. c. sero'sa, glaucoma, diffuse' c, disseminated c. dissem'inated c, inflammation of the chorioid in which there are numerous spots of exudation scattered over the fundus, myop'ic c, chronic inflammation of the sclerotic and chorioid with posterior staphyloma, caused by eyestrain due to the uncorrected myopia. chorioidocyclitis (ko-ri-oy"do-si-kli'(kle')tis). In- fiammation of the chorioid coat and the ciliary body. chorioidoiritis (ko-ri-oy"do-i-ri'(re')tis). Inflamma- tion of the chorioid coat and the iris. chorioidoretinitis (ko-re-oy"do-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Ret- inochorioiditis, chorioretinitis.* chorioma, pi. chono'mata (ko-re-o'mah). Deciduo- ma, syncytioma; a tumor of the chorion, c. benig'num, benign c, fibroma chorii, myxoma chorii, mole, i;, malig'num, deciduoma raalig- num, syncytioma malignum, chorioepithelioma ; a tumor, formed of cells from the syncjrtium and ' chorion, developed at the site of the placenta in ■the pregnant or puerperal uterus, occurring most frequently after abortion. chorion (ko'rt-on) [G. chorion, a skin.] The outer- most of the fetal envelopes derived from the ovum. c. frondo'sum [leafy c], the part of the chorion where the villi persist, forming the fetal part of the placenta, c. lae've [smooth c], the portion of the c. from which the villi have disappeared. prlm'itive c, the zona pellucida in the stage of developing villi, shagg'y c, w. frondosum. smooth c, c. lasve. choTionepithelioma (ko"ri-on-ep-lI-the-li-o'mah) . Chorioma malignum. chorionic (ko-ri-on'ik). Relating to the chorion. c. vil'li, vascular projections from the chorion formed by the indentation of the trophoblast by buds from the mesoderm. chorionin (ko'ii-on-in). An organic extract from the placenta of the sheep, having alleged galacto- gogue properties. chorionitis (ko-rl-on-i'(e')tis) [G. chorion, corium, after-birth, -t- -itis.l i. Inflammation of the corium or true skin. 2. Inflammation of the chorion, placentitis. Chorioptes (ko-ri-op'tSz) [G. chorion, membrane, -H optikos, optic] A genus of mites, t. bo'vis, a species causing mange in cattle. chorioretinal (ko-ri-o-ret'in-al). Relating to the chorioid coat of the eye and the retina. chorioretinitis (ko-ri-o-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- tion of the chorioid and retina, retinochorioiditis. choripetalous (ko-rl-pet'al-us) [G. choris, asunder, -f petalon, petal.] Polypetaloiis. choriphyllous (ko-ri-fil'us) [G. choris, asunder, -t- phyllon, leaf,] Polyphyllous. chorisepalous (ko-rl-sep'al-us) [G. choris, asunder, -f- L. sepalum, sepal.] Polysepalous. chorisis (ko'ri-sis) [G. a separation.] In botany, the development of two or more stamens or other parts where there is normally but one. chorista (ko-ris'tah) [G. choristos, separated.] An error of development marked by separation or misplacement of anlage. choristoblastoma (ko-ris-to-blas-to'mah) ■ [choristoma + blastoma.] An autonomous neoplastic growth starting from a choristoma. choristoma (ko-ris-to'mah) [G. choristos, separated, -f- -oma.] A neoplasm due to hyperplasia of an aberrant anlage or primordium. choroid (ko'royd) , Chorioid, c. plex'us, chorioid* plexus, choroidal (ko-roy'dal), Chorioid, relating to the . chorioid, or choroid, coat of the eye. c. fis'sure, a cleft in the secondary optic vesicle in the embryo ■ choroideremia (ko-roy-der-e'ml-ah) [choroidicho- rioid) + G. eremia, absence.] Absence of the chorioid coat of the eye. choroiditis (ko-roy-di'(de')tis). Chorioiditis. choroidoretinitis (ko-roy"do-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Chorio- retinitis. chorology (ko-rol'o-jl) [G. choros, place, cotmtry, + -logia.] The branch of science which treats of the geographical and topographical distribution of plants and animals. choromania (ko-ro-ma'nJ-ah) [G choros, dance, + mania, frenzy,] Choreomania, dancing mania. Christian Science (kris'chun si'ens). A religious sect, the members of which regard disease as a product of erroneous thought or belief and cur- able by establishing a mental conviction of its non-material nature; Eddyism. Chris'tison's for'mula [Sir Robert Christison, Scotch physician, 1797-1882.] To know the amount of solids per 1000 parts of urine, multiply the last two figures of the specific gravity by 2.33; same as Haeser's formula. chro'atol. Terpin iodohydrate, Ci„H„(HI)j; occurs in greenish yellow crystalline masses; employed externally, in powder or ointment, in the treat- ment of psoriasis. chromaffin (kro'maf-in) \chrom{ic salts) + L. ajfinis, akin.] Giving a brownish yellow reaction with chromic salts; noting certain cells in the medulla of the adrenal bodies, c. bod'ies, para- ganglia, small, independent, encapsulated collec- tions of c. tissue, c, cells, homogeneous pigment cells, of sympathetic histogenesis, staining a yel- low or yellowish brown in the presence of chromic salts ; they occur in larger or smaller groups along the sympathetic nerves, in various organs (in the form of paraganglia), and in the adrenal medulla. c. hor'mone, epinephrine, adrenaline, c. tls'- sue, a cellular tissue, vascular and well supplied with nerves, made up chiefly of c. cells; it is found abundantly in the medulla of the adrenals and, in smaller collections (c. bodies, paragan- glia), in the carotic and coccygeal glands and elsewhere, chromaffinopathy (kro"maf-in-op'&-thi) [chromaffin + G. pathos, suflfering.] Any morbid process affecting chromaffin tissue in the adrenals or elsewhere. CHROMATE 199 CHROMOGEN chio'mate. A salt of chromic acid. f chiomatelopsia (kro"inat-S-lop'sl-ah) [G. chroma, color, + ateles, incomplete, + opsis, vision.] A more or less pronounced degree of color-blindness ; chroma todysopia. chromat'ic [G. chromatikos.] Relating to color. chromatin (kro'mS-tin) [G. chroma, color.] The portion of the nucleus of a cell which is readily stained by dyes; distinguished from the non- stainable portion, 'or achromatin. distrib'uted or extranu'clear c, chromidia. chromatinolysis (kro-mS-tin-ol'i-sis) [G. lysis, solu- tion.] Chromatolysis (1). chromatinorrhexis (kro"mS-tin-or-rek'sis) [G. rhexis, rupture.] Fragmentation of the chromatin. chromatisiu (kro'm3.-tizm) [G. chroma, color.] 1. Abnormal pigmentation. ^. Chromatic aberra- tion. chro'matize. To mix with a chromate. chromatocinesis, chromatokinesis (kro"ma.-to-sin- (kin)-e'sis) [G. kinesis, movement.] Rearrange- ment of the chromatin into various forms. clu:o"matodennato'sis [G. chroma, color, -I- derma, skin.] A disease of the skin accompanied by pigmentation. chromatodysopia (kro"ma-to-dis-o'pl[-ah) [G. chroma, color, -I- dys-, bad, -I- ops, eye.] Chromatelopsia. chromatogenous (kro-m^-toj'en-us) [G. chroma, color, + gennao, I produce.] Producing color, causing pigmentation. chromatolysis (kro-m4-tol'i-sis) [chromatin + G. lysis, solution.] 1 . Destruction of the chromatin, or at least loss of its aifinity for the basic dyes, in cloudy swelling and other forms of cellular de- generation; caryolysis, nuclear solution, hypo- chromatosis. .1. Lysis of the body of a bacterial or other cell, leaving the empty cell membrane. chro'matolysm. Atrophy or shrinkage of Niessl's chromatophiles occurring in old age. chromatolyt'ic. Relating to chromatolysis. chromatom'eter [G. chroma, color, + metron, meas- ure.] A scale of various shades of color, used for determining the color or depth of color of a liquid or other substance. chromatop'athy [G. chroma, color, + pathos, suffer- ing.] Chromatodermatosis. chromatophagous (kro-mS-tof'a-gus) [G. chroma, color, + phago, I eat.] Removing pigment, not- ing certain microorganisms which cause a loss of pigment. chromat'ophil, chromat'ophile, chromatophil'ic, chromatoph'Uous. Same as chromophil, etc. cIiro"matophil'ia. Chromophilia. chromatopho'bia [G. chroma, color, + phobos, fear.] Chromophobia. chromatophore (kro'mJ-to-for) [G.chroma (chromat-), color, -1- phoreo, I carry.] i. A colored plastid, due to the presence of chlorophyl, found in certain forms of protozoa. 2. A pigment-bearing cell found chiefly in the skin, mucous membrane, and chorioid coat of the eye, and also in melanomas. chromatophoroma, pi. chromatophoro'mata (kro- mat-o-for-o'mah) [chromatophore + G. -oma.] A circumscribed overgrowth of the pigment- bearing cells of the skin or chorioid coat of the eye ; melanoma. chromatopsia (kro-ma-top'sJ-ah) [G. chroma, color, -I- opsis, vision.] Colored vision, a condition in which all objects appear abnormally colored. chromatoptometry (kro-mat-op-tom'e-tri) [G. chro- ma(,chromat-), color, + optikos, referring to vision, + metron, measure.] Measurement of the degree of color perception. chromato'sis [G. chroma, color.] 1. Chromatoder- matosis. 2. Pigmentation. chromaturia (kro-mS, tu'rl-ah) [G. chroma{chrdmai-) color, -I- ouron, urine,] Abnormal coloration of the urine. chrome-red. Basic lead chromate, PbCrO^.PbO. chromesthesia, chromassthesia (kro-mes-the'zi-ah) [G. chroma, color, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. The color sense. 2. A condition in which another sensation, such as taste or smell, is excited by the perception of color. chrome-yel'low. Lead chromate, PbCrO,. chromhidro'sis. Chromidrosis. chro'mic acid. Chromii* trioxidum. chro'micize. To mix with a chromium salt. chromid'ia [G. chroma, color.] Chromatin masses outside of the nucleus, found in certain forms of protozoa; especially trophochromidia, or non- germinal chromatin, as distinguished from idio' chromidia. chromid'ial. Relating to chromidia. >,. appara'tus, the aggregate of extranuclear network, irregular strands, and masses of chromatin-staining ma- terial permeating the protoplasm of the cell. c. net, a reticulum of chromatin-staining material in the protoplasm. cbromidiation (kro-mid-I-a'shun). Chromidiosis. chromidio'sis [chromidium + -05*5.] An outpouring of nuclear substance and chromatin into the cell protoplasm. chromidium (kro-mid'I-um) [G. chroma, color, -I- -idion, a diminutive termination.] i. The cen- tral chromatic structure of the blood-platelet. :£. See the plural, chromidia. chromidrosis (kro-mi-dro'sis) [G. chroma, color, -|- hidros, sweat.] The excretion of sweat con- taining pigment. chromiole (kro'ml-ol). One of a number of minute granules of chromatin contained within, and with the homogeneous chromoplasm constituting the chromosome. chromium (kro'nrt-um) [G. chroma, color, because all its compounds are colored.] A metallic element, sjTnbol Cr, atomic weight, 52, very hard, steel- gray in color. chro'miitriox'idum(U. S.), acidum chromicum (Br.), CrOa chromic acid; occurs as small deliquescent needle-shaped or prismatic crystals, employed as a caustic in the removal of warts and other small growths from the skin and genitals, in a'solution of gr. 100 to the ounce of water. The hydrated acid, H^CrO^, forms vari- ously colored salts with potassium, lead, and other bases. ' chromocystoscopy (kro-mo-sis-tos'ko-pl) [G. chroma, color, -I- kystis, bladder, + skoped, I view.] In- spection of the ureteral orifices in the bladder after the giving of methylene blue or other aniline dye by the mouth, in order to determine the functional activity of the kidneys. chromocyte (kro'mo-sit) [G. chroma, color, -^ kytos, cell.] Any pigmented cell, such as a red blood- corpuscle. . chromocytometer (kro-mo-si-tom'e-ter) [G. chroma, color, + kytos, cell, + metron, measure.] A form of hemoglobinometer. chromogen (kro'mo-jen) [G. chroma, color, -|- gen- nao, I produce.] i. A substance, itself without definite color, which may be transformed into' a pigment; noting especially benzene and its homologues, toluene or toluol, xylene or xylol, quinone, naphthalene, and anthracene, from which the aniline dyes are manufactured. 2. A microorganism which produces color. CHROMOGENESIS CHURCHILL'S IODINE CAUSTIC chromogen'esis [G. chroma, color, + genesis.] The production of coloring matter or pigment. chromogen'ic. i. Relating to chromogen. a. Pro- ducing pigment, noting certain bacteria. chromol'ysis. Chromatolysis. chromomere (kro'mo-mer) [G. chroma, color, + meros part.] i. A minute granule of chromatin or nuclein, the aggregate of a number of which constitutes the chromosome. 2. One of the seg- ments into which the chromosome is divided by slight constrictions. chromom'eter. Chromatometer. chromopar'ic [G. chroma, color, + L. parere, to bring forth.] Chromogenic. chromopathy (kro-mop'il-thi). Chromatopathy. chromophag, chromophage (kro'mo-fag, kro'mo-faj) [G. chroma, color, + phago, I eat.] A phagocyte which destroys pigment; term applied by Metch- nikoff to the cells believed by him to be active in the blanching of the hair. chro'mophan [G. chroma, color, + phaino, I appear ] Retinal pigment. chromophil, chromophile (kro'mo-fil, kro'mo-fil) [G. chroma, color, + phileo, I love.] a. Chromo- philic. 2. A cell or any histological element which stains readily. 3. Chromaffin. chromophil'ic, chromoph'ilous. Staining readily, noting certain cells and histological structures. chro'mophobe, chromopho'bic [G. chroma, color, + phobos, fear.] Resistant to stains, staining with difficulty or not at all; noting certain cells or tissues. chromopho'bia. i. Resistance to stains on the part of cells and tissues, chromatophobia. -:. A morbid dislike of colors. chromophore (kro'mo-for) [G. chroma, color, + phoros, bearing.] i. Chromatophore. 2. Color- radical, the substance in an aniline dye upon which its color depends. chromophor'ic, chromoph'orous. i. Relating to a chromophore. 2. Producing or carrying color, noting certain microorganisms. chromophose (kro'mo-foz) [G. chroma, color, + phos, light.] A subjective sensation of a spot or patch of color in the eye. chromophyto'sis [G. chroma, color, -t- phyton, plant.] Tinea versicolor. chro'moplasm [G. chroma, color, + plasma, plasm.] A homogeneous substance containing the chromi- oles, and with them constituting the chromosome ; chromatin. chromoplas'tid. i. A pigmented plastid, contain- ing chlorophyl, formed in certain protozoans. -.£, A colored plastid in plant cells, containing some other pigment than chlorophyl. chromoprotein (kro-mo-pro'te-in). One of a group of conjugated proteins, consisting of a combination of pigment with a simple protein; hemoglobin is one such compound. chromoptom'etry. Chromatoptometry. chromorrhinoirhea (kro"mo-ri"n6-re'ah) [G. chroma, color, + rhis (rhin-), nose, + rhoia, a flow.] The discharge of a colored fluid from the nares. chro'moscope [G. chroma, color, -t- skopeo, I view.] An apparatus for testing the color sense. chromosome (kro'mo-some) [G. chroma, color, + soma, body.] A rod-shaped or thread-like body of chromatin in the cell nucleus, which splits longitudinally as the cell divides, one half going to the nucleus of each of the daughter cells, ac- cess'ory c, monosome, an unpaired allosome, a chromosome which, in the last stage of spermato- genesis, goes over whole into one of the daughter cells instead of being divided among the two. biv'alent c, a pair of chromosomes (paternal and maternal) temporarily united, heterotrop'ic c, accessory o. m-c, one of a pair of small chromo- somes which remain distinct during the periods of synapsis and growth, conjugating only in the final prophases of the first spermatocyte division, odd c, accessory c. reduc'tion of the chro'mosomes, a process occurring in gam- etogenetic mitosis, or division of the sexual cell formed by the conjugation of the ovum and spermatozoon, whereby the number of chromo- somes in each of the conjugating cells is reduced one-half in order to preserve the number charac- teristic of the species in the impregnated ovum; a similar reduction is said to occur in the somatic cells in malignant tumors, and also elsewhere under circumstances not yet understood, sex c, accessory c, so-called because it is assumed to determine the sex of the individual, small c, m-o. chromother'apy [G. chroma, color, 4- therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of disease by colored light. chromotox'ic. Caused by a toxic action on the hemoglobin, as in chromotoxic hyperchromenia.* chron'ic [G. chronos, time.] Of long duration, noting a disease of slow progress and long con- tinuance. chronicity (kron-is'I-tl). The state of being chronic. chronograph (kron'o-graf) [G. chronos, time, -I- grapho, I record.] An instrument for measuring and recording brief periods of time. chronotrop'ic. Relating to chronotropism. chronotropism (kron-ot'ro-pizm) [G. chronos, time, + trope, a change, turn.] Modification of the rapidity of a periodical movement, such as the cardiac pulsation, effected by some external influence. neg'ative c, retardation of the movement, pos'itive c, acceleration of the movement. chrysaTobinum, chrysarobin (kris-ar"o-be'num, kris-ar'o-bin) [G. chrysos, gold, -1- Brazil Ind. araroba, bark.] (U.S. and Br.) A neutral principle extracted from Goa powder, an orange- yellow, finely crystalline powder; employed lo- cally in ringworm and psoriasis, and occasionally internally as an alterative in doses of gr. |— i (0.008—0. 06). chrysitis (kris-i'tis) [G. chrysos, gold.] Gold or red litharge; plumbi oxidum when of a decidedly red color; see argyritis. Chrysoflagell'ida [G. chrysos, golden.] An order of the Phytoflagellata, marked by yellow chromato- phores. chrysoidin (kris-oy'din). Diamidoazobenzene hy- drochloride, a reddish brown, crystalline powder made from aniline; a yellow dye and a non-toxic disinfectant. chiysophan'ic acid [G. chrysophanes, shining like gold.] Rheic acid, tasteless golden yellow crys- tals formed in rhubarb and chrysarobin, being thought formerly to be identical with the latter; its therapeutic properties are similar to those of chrysarobin. chrysotox'in [G. chrysos, gold, + toxikon, poison.] An odorless and tasteless principle, CjjHjjNjOu, obtained from ergot. chthonophagla, chthonophagy (thon-o-fa'gl-ahj thon-of'a-jl) [G. chthon, earth, + phago, I eat.] Dirt eating; geophagy. Church'ill's i'odine caus'tic. Liquor iodi causticus (N.F.), a very strong counterirritant or caustic made by dissolving iodine 25, and potassitmi iodide 50, in distilled water 100. C.'s tinc'ture of CHURCHILL'S IODINE CAUSTIC CILIOSCLERAL i'odine, tinctura iodi, Churchill (N.F.), iodine 16.5, potassium iodide 3.3, distilled water 2.5, alcohol to make 100. Chvostek's symp'tom (khvosh'tek) [Franz Chvostek. Austrian military surgeon, 1835-1884.] Facial irritability in postoperative tetany, unilateral spasm being excited by a slight tap. chylangioma (ki-lan-jl-o'mah) [G. chylos, juice, + angeion, vessel, + -dmal\ A tiunor formed of dilated lacteals. chyle (kil) [G. chylos, juice.] A creamy fluid taken up by the lacteals from the intestine during digestion it is alkaline in reaction and coagulates, outside the body, into fibrin and serum ; it is con- veyed by the thoracic duct to the left subclavian vein where it becomes mixed with the blood. chylema (ki-le'mah) [G. chylos, juice.] Butschli's name for the minute droplets of liquid which he regarded as the essential elements of protoplasm. chylemia, chylsemia (ki-le'ml-ah) [chylos, chyle, + haima, blood.] The presence of chyle in the pe- ripheral circulation. chylidrosis (ki-li-dro'sis) [G. chylos, chyle, + hidros, sweat.] Sweating of a milky fluid like chyle. chylifaction (ki-ll-fak'shun) [G. chylos, chyle, + L. facere, to make.] The production of chyle. chylifactive (ki-U-fak'tiv). Forming chyle, chylo- poietic. chyliferous (ki-lif'er-us) [G. chylos, chile, -I- L. ferre, to carry.] Conveying chyle. chylification (ki-ll-ii-ka'shun) [G. chylos, phyle, + L. facere,'to make.] Chylifaction, chylopoiesis. chylocele (ki'lo-sel) [G. chylos, chyle, 4- kele, tumor.] An effusion of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis. chylocyst (ki'lo-sist) [G. chylos, chyle, -1- kystis bladder.] Receptaculum chyli, cistema* chyli. chyloderma (ki-lo-der'ma) [G. chylos, chyle, + derma, skin.] Lymph-scrotum. chylopericarditis (ki-lo-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis). Chylo- pericardiiun. chylopericardium (ki'lo-per-i-kar'd!-um). An ac- ctimulation of a milky white fluid in the pericar- dial sac. chyloperitoneum (ki-lo-per-l-to-ne'um). An accu- mulation of a milky fluid in the peritoneal cavity; chylous ascites. chylophoric (ki-lo-for'ik) [G. chylos, chyle, -1- phoreo, I carry.] Chyliferous, conveying chyle. chylopleura (ki-lo-plu'rah). An accumulation of a milky fluid in the pleural cavity. chylopoiesis (ki-lo-poy-e'sis) [G- chylos, chyle, + poiesis, a making] The formation of chyle in the intestine and its absorption by the lacteals. chylopoietic (ki-lo-poy-et'ik). Relating to chylo- poiesis, chyle-forming. chylosis (ki-lo'sis). The formation of chyle from the food in the intestine, its absorption by the lacteals, and its mixture with the blood and conveyance to the tissues. chylothorax (ki-lo-tho'raks). Chylopleura. chylous (ki'lus). Relating to chyle. chyluria (ki-lu'il-ah) [G. chylos, chyle, + ouron, urine.] The passage of chyle, or a milky fluid containing suspended fat globules, in the urine. chyme (kim) [G. chymos, juice.] The semifluid mass of partly digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum. chyme-mass (kim'mas). Endoplasm. chymification, (ki-ml-fi-ka'shun) [G. chymos, chyme, -t- L. facere, to make.] Chymopoiesis, formation of chyme, gastric digestion. chjrmosjn {ki'mo-sin). Rennet, rennin. chymosinogen (ki-mo-sin'o-jen). The zymogen of rennin or rennet. chymous (ki'mus). Relating to chyme. C.I. Abbreviation of color-index. Ciaccio's glands (chyah'chyo) [Giuseppe Vincenzo Ci*ccio, Italian anatomist, 1824— 1901.] Glandu- lae lacrimales accessoriee. Cicccio's meth'od (chyah'chyo) [Carmelo Ciaccio, Italian pathologist.] A method of demonstrating under the microscope the invisible intracellular lipoids by fixation with acid chromate solutions and staining in sections with Sudan III. Ciaglinski's tract (chyahl-yin'ski). A tract of sensory fibers in the posterior gray commissure of the spinal cord. cibopho'bia [L. cibus, food, -I- G. phobos, fear.] Sitophobia cicatrice (sik'S-tris) Cicatrix. cicatricial (sik-&-trish'al). Relating to a cicatrix. cicatrisot'omy [L. cicatrix, scar, -I- G. tome, cutting.] Uletomy. cicatrix, pi. cicatri'ces (sl-ka'triks) [L.] Scar; the fibrous tissue replacing the normal tissues de- stroyed by injury or disease, fil'tering t., a c. through which fluid may seep, although no visi- ble openings are present; noting especially a form of c. sometimes obtained after operation for glau- coma, through which there is a slight constant drainage of aqueous humor u'loid c, see uloid (2) . cicaf rizant. Causing or favoring cicatrization. cicatrization (si-kat-ri-za'shun). i. The process of soar formation. ^. The healing of a wound otherwise than by first intention. cic'atrize. To heal, to be closed by scar-tissue, said of a wound or tissue defect. cicinnus (si-sin'us) [G. kikinnos, curled hair.] A scorpioid cyme. Cicu'ta. A genus of umbelliferous plants, some- times confused with Conium. C. viro'sa, water- hemlock, a plant resembling hemlock, or conium, in its properties. cic'utine. A volatile alkaloid, resembling or identical with coniine, present in water-hemlock, Cicuia virosa. cic'utism. Poisoning with water hemlock. cicutox'in. An amorphous resinous substance obtained from the water-hemlock, Cicuta virosa. cil'ia. Plural of cilium. ciliarot'omy. Surgical division of the zona ciliaris. cil'iaiy. Relating to (i) any cilia or hair-like processes, (2) the eyelashes, (3) certain of the structures of the eyeball, c. ar'tery, one of a number of minute arteries in the eye, see arteria ciliaris. c. body, (i) the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes taken together; (2) the dentate nucleus, c. canal', a space at the periphery of the iris. c. gan'glion, a small nerve ganglion, the size of a pinhead, on the outer side of the optic nerve in the posterior part of the orbit, c. glands, modified sweat glands of the eyelid, glands of Moll. c. lig'ament, the circular fibers of the c. muscle, ring muscle of MuUer. c. mar'gin, margo ciliaris, (i) the circumference of the iris where it is continuous with the c. body; (2) the tarsal border of an eyelid, c. muscle, see under musculus. c. nerves, the long c. nerves are branches of the nasal, the short c. nerves arise from the c. ganglion; see nervus. t. pro'cesses, see under processus. Cilia'ta. A class of Infusoria in which cilia are present in all stages of existence. cil'iated. Having cilia. cilioscle'ral. Relating to the ciliary body and the sclera. CILIOSPINAL CINERARIA MARITIMA ciliospinal (sil"I-o-spi'nal). Relating to the ciliary body and the spinal cord, noting the c. center, in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region of the spinal cord which governs the dilatation of the pupil. cil'ium, pi. cilia [L. an eyelid.] i. Eyelash. 3. One of the hair-like processes of certain cells. cillo'sis. Spasmodic twitching of an eyelid. cimTjia. A slender band of white fibers crossing the ventral surface of a cerebral peduncle- Ci'mex [L. bedbug.] ClinocoHs, a genus of insects, family Cimicida; bedbug. C. cilia'tus, a small species indigenous in Russia. C. lectula'rius, Acanlhia lectularia, the ordinary bedbug. C. macroceph'alus, C. rotundatus. C. rotunda'tus, the Indian bedbug, of large size, found in Mauritius, Reunion, India, Malay, and neigh- boring parts of southern Asia. cimicifuga (U. S.), cimicif'ugse rhizo'ma (Br.) (sim-I-sif'u-gah) [L. cimex{cimic-), bedbug, + jugare, to chase.] The dried rhizome and roots of Cimicijuga racemosa, Acicea raceynosa, black snakeroot, black cohosh, bugwort, an herb of eastern and central United States and Canada; alterative, emmenagogue, antispasmodic, anti- rheumatic in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). cimicifugin (sim-I-sif'u-jin). Macrotin, a yellowish brown resinoid body, the active principle of cimi- cifuga; tonic and antispasmodic in doses of gr. 1—6 (0.06-0.4). cin-, cine- [G. kinesis.} A prefix denoting move- ment ; also more commonly, though less properly, written kin-, kine~. cina (si'nah). The homeopathic tincture from the dried flowers of wormseed, Artemisia santonica; employed as an anthelmintic, and in other condi- tions marked by itching of the nose or anus, night crying, and grinding of tha teeth during sleep, in doses of the ist, 6th, or 30th potency. cinsesthe'sia. Cinesthesia. cinanesthesia, cinanssthesia (sin-an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. kinesis, motion, + an- priv. H- aisthesis, sen- sation.] A disturbance of deep sensibility in which there is inability to perceive either direction or extent of movement, the result being ataxia. clnchamidine (sin-kam'K-den) . Hydrocinchonidine, an alkaloid, CigHj^NgO, from cinchona. Cinchona (sin-ko'nah) [Countess of Chinchon who was cured of a fever by Peruvian bark in 1638.] A genus of evergreen trees, fam. Rubiacecs, native of South America but cultivated in various trop- ical regions. The bark of all the species contains quinine and other cinchona alkaloids in varying amounts. (For the drug, see the following title, cinchona.) C. calisa'ya, yellow bark, one of the official cinchonas of the U.S. P. C. mlcran'tha, a species yielding a fair amount of alkaloids but not now used to any extent. C. lancifo'lia, a species quite rich in alkaloids, but not recognized in the U.S.P. or B.P. C. ledgeria'na, a species, cultivated chiefly in Java, rich in alkaloids and official in the U.S.P. C. oflicina'Iis, the first dis- covered species, official in the U.S.P., but seldom yielding the stipulated amount of alkaloids. C. robus'ta, a hybrid between C. officinalis and C. succirubra, very rich in quinine and a common source of the red bark. C. succiru'bra, the source of cinchona rubra (U.S ), the only official cinchona in the B.P. cinchona (sin-ko'nah). i. Peruvian bark Jesuits' bark, the bark of any species of Cinchona (q.v.). 2. (U.S.) The dried bark of Cinchona calisaya, C. ledgeriana, or C. officinalis, or hybrids of these with other species, yielding at least 5 per cent. anhydrous cinchona alkaloids, of which f must be soluble in ether (i.e. quinine, quinidine, or cin- chonidine). c. fla'va, yellow bark, the name in the U.S.P of 1880 for what is now official as simply cinchona, c. ru'bra (U.S ) red bark, cinchona rubrae cortex (Br.), the dried bark of C. succirubra (more often probably C. robusta), yielding not less than 5 per cent, of anhydrous cinchona alkaloids; this is the only official cin- chona of the B.P. Cinchona is an antiperiodic and bitter tonic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) in decoction. cinchonamine (sin-ko'nS-men). An alkaloid, Ci,- HjjNjO, derived from cuprea bark, Remijia purdicana, related to cinchona; antipyretic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). cinchonate (sin'ko-nat). A salt of cinchonic, or quinic, acid. cinchonic (siu-kon'ik). Relating to cinchona c. acid, quinoline-carbonic acid, CuH^NOj, obtained from cinchonine by the action of oxidizing agents. cinchonicine (sin-kon'i-sen). An amorphous alka- loid, CijHjjNjO, from cinchona. cinchonidina (sin-kon-I-di'(de')nah). Cinchonidine, cinchonidia; formula, CuHjjNjO, an isomer of cinchonina ; an alkaloid obtained from the bark of several species of cinchona; indications the same as those of quinine, but it must be given in larger doses, cinchonidi'nee hydrobro'midum, blennos- tasin. cinchonldi'n£B sul'phas, cinchonidine sul- phate, occurs in white silky needles; antipyretic and tonic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). cinchonina (sin-ko-ni'(ne')nah). Cinchonine, an alkaloid prepared from the bark of several species of cinchona; formula, CijHjzNjO; tonic in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06—0.13) and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). cinchoni'nas hydrochlo'- ridum, cinchonine hydrochloride, occurs in white acicular crystals, dose, gr. 2-10 (0.13-0.6). cin- choni'nae iodosul'phas, cinchonine iodosulphate, antiseptol, an odorless brown powder used as a substitute for iodoform, cinchoni'nas sul'phas (U.S.), cinchonine sulphate, occurs in colorless rhombic crystals ; dose and uses the same as those of cinchonina. cinchonism (sin'kon-izm). Poisoning by cinchona or its alkaloids, marked by tinnitus aurium head- ache, and deafness. cinchonize (sin'ko-niz). To bring profoundly under the influence of cinchona or any of its alkaloids, especially quinine. cinchonology (sin-kon^ol'o-jl). The branch of pharmacology which has to do with the botany, chemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics of cin- chona and its alkaloids. cinchophen (sin'ko-f en) . Atophan, acidum* phenylcinchoninicum. cinchotannic acid (sin-ko-tan'ik). A tannic acid derivable from cinchona. cinchotozin (sin-ko-tok'sin) . A poisonous isomer of cinchonine. cinc'ture sensa'tion. Girdle sensation, zonesthesia.* cinematics (sin-e-mat'iks) [G. kinemaQtinemat-), motion.] The science of motion. cinematization (sin-e-mat-i-za'shun) [G. kinema, motion.] Cineplastics. cin'ene. Dipentene. cln'eol [cina -t- L. oleum, oil.] Oil of wormseed. cineplastics (sin-e-plas'tiks) [G. linedk, I move.] The art of forming a muscular stump, after amputation, so shaped as to be capable of im- parting direct and voluntary motion to an arti- ficial limb, cinematization, kineplasty. Clnera'ria marit'ima. An herb, dusty miller, Sinecio CINERARIA MARITIMA 203 CINOPLASM cineraria, the fresh juice of which has been credited with the facility of causing the absorption of soft capsular cataract. cinerea (sin-e're-ah) [L. cinereus, ashy.] i. The gray matter of the brain and other parts of the nerv- ous system. 2. A gray layer between the ectoglia and the ependjTna layer in the beginning strati- fication of the medullary tube in the embryo ; from it chiefly are developed the brain and spinal cord. cine'real. Relating to the gray matter of the nervous system. cineritious (sin-er-ish'us). Ashen, noting the gray matter of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia, c. tutercle, (i) tuber cinereum; (2) tuberctdumcin- eretim. cinesalgia (sin-es-al'ji-ah) [G, kinesis, motion, + algos, pain.] Pain caused by muscular movement. cinesia (sin-e'sl-ah) [G. kinesis, movement.] The symptom-complex caused by unwonted motion; seasickness, car-sickness, swing-sickness, etc. cinesiatrics (sin-e-sJ-at'riks [G. kinesis, movement, + iatrikos, relating to medicine.] The thera- peutic employment of movements, either active or passive; cinesitherapy, movement-cure. cinesiesthesiometeT, cinesisesthesiometer (sin-es"e- es-the-zi-om'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, -f- aisihesis, ' sensation, -f meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the muscular sense. cinesimeter (sin-e-sim'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, -t- meiron, measure.] An instrument for meas- uring the extent of a movement. cinesiod'ic. Cinesodic. cinesiology (sin-e-si-ol'o-jl) [G. kinesis, movement, -i- -logia.] The science of movement, especially of the therapeutic use of movements; cinematics, cinesiatrics, cinesitherapy. cinesioin'eter. Cinesimeter. cinesioneurosis (sin-e-sl-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. kinesis, movement, -t- neuron, nerve, -I- -osis.] A neu- rosis, or functional nervous disease marked by tics, spasms, or other motor disorders, vas'cular c, angioneurosis. cinesipathist (sin-e-sip'a-thist). A non-medical person who treats disease by movements of various kinds, a movement-cturist. cinesipathy (sin-e-sip'a-thi) [G. kinesis, movement, -|- pathos, suffering.] 1. An afEection marked by motor distiu-bances. 2. Cinesitherapy. cinesitherapy (sin-e-si-ther'a-pl) [G. kinesis, move- ment, + therapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic employment of movements, both active and pas- sive; cinesiatrics, movement-cure. cinesodic (sin-e-sod'ik) [G. kinesis, motion, -f- hodos, way.] Relating to the paths by which motor impulses travel. cinesthesia, cinaesthesia (sin-es-the'zl-ah) [G. kinesis, motion, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. The sense perception of movement; the muscular sense. 2. An illusion of moving in space. cinesthesiometer, cinsesthesiometer (sin-es-the-zl- om'e-ter) [G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the degree of muscular sensation. cinesthet'ic, cinsesthet'ic. Relating to cinesthesia, or the sensation or feeling of muscular movement. cinet'ic [G.. kinetikos.] Relating to motion or muscular movements. cinetographic (sin-6-to-graf'ik) [G. kinetos, movable, -I- graphikos, recording.] Relating to a graphic record of movements. cinetog'raphy. The art of recording graphically movements of any sort. cinetonucleus (sin-«-to-nu'kle-us) [G. Unites, one that sets in motion.] An aggregation within the protozoan cell of the assumed specific material upon which the motor activities of the animal depend; division center. cinetoplasm, cinetoplasma (sin-et'o-plazm, sin-et-o- plaz'mah) [G. kinetes, an originator, mover, -1- plasma, a thing formed.] The chromophile sub- stance, or tigroid masses, in the nerve-cells, so called because it is present only when the cells begin to perform their proper function. cin'gule, Cingulum ; the fifth cusp of an upper molar tooth; a small tubercle of the lingual surf ace of a tooth. cin'gulum, gen. cin'guU, pi. cin'gula [L. girdle.] [BNA]. I. A well marked band of association fibers in the medial portion of the centrum ovale of each hemisphere, passing from near the region of the anterior perforated substance backward over the upper surface of the corpus callosum in the medullary substance of the gyrus cinguli (callosal gyrus) , some fibers then passing to the cuneus of the- occipital lobe, others running forward around the splenium as far as the uncus of the temporal lobe. \i. Basal ridge, a U-shaped ridge at the base of the posterior concave surface, of the crown of the upper incisors and canine teeth, the limbs of the^ U. running for a short distance along the sides of the lingual surface, the loop pointing to the gum. c. extremita'tls inferior'is, pelvic girdle.* c. extremita'tls Euperior'is, shoulder girdle.* CiniselU's meth'od (che-ne-sel'le) [Luigi Ciniselli, Italian surgeon, 1803— 1878.] Treatment of aneu- rysm by galvanopuncture. cin'nabar [G. kinnabari.l The native ore fro;m which metallic mercury is obtained by sublima- tion; red sulphide of mercury. cinnaldehy'dum. Cinnaldehyde, cinnamic alde- hyde, CgHsO; an aldehyde obtained from oil of cinnamon or prepared synthetically; aromatic, carminative, and stomachic in doses of iijii— 5 (0.06-0.3). cin'namate. A salt of cinnamic acid. cinnamein (sin-am'e-in). Peru balsam oil, ob- tained by the action of caustic soda or potash; it is an oily liquid containing a number of aro- matic substances. cinn'amene. Styrene. cinnam'ic. Relating to cinnamon, c. acid, phenyl- acrylic acid, HC9H7O2, obtained from oil .of cinnamon, balsam of Peru and of Tolu, or storax; employed hypodermically in tuberculosis in doses of gr. -^tt^ (0.001-0.015). cinn'amol. Cinnamene, styrene.* cinnamo'mum, cin'namon (U.S.) An aromatic bark employed as a spice, and in medicine as a carminative and aromatic stomachic, c. cas'sia, the unofficial source of most of the cinnamon in the shops, i;. saigon'icum (U.S.), Saigon cinna- mon, the bark of .an undetermined species of cinnamon in Annam. u. zeylan'icum (U.S.), Ceylon cinnamon, cinnamomi cortex (Br.), brought from Ceylon. The dose of powdered cinnamon is gr. i-io (0.06-0.6). cinn'amon. Cinnamomum. cinn'amyl-eu'genol. A derivative of eugenol, occurring in colorless, odorless, tasteless, shining needles ; employed hypodermically in tuberculosis in doses of iii;2-8 (o . 13-0 . 5). cinocentrum (sin-o-sen'trum) [G. kineo, I move, + kentron, center.] Zimmennaiui's term for centro- some. cinorogy. Cinesology. cinom'eter. Cinesimeter. cin'oplasm [G. kineo, I move, + plasma, a thing formed.] The portion of the protoplasm of a CINOPLASM 204 CIRCULUS cell upon which its motor activity depends; cinetoplasm. ci'on [G. kion, pillar.] The uvula. clonec'tomy [G. kion, uvula, + ektoml, excision. Amputation of the uvula. cionitis (si-on-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the uvula cionoptosia (si-on-op-to'sl-ah) [G. kion, uvula, + ptosis, a falling.] Elongation of the uvula. cionotome (si'on-o-tom) [G. Hon, uvula, + tome, cutting.] An instrument for cutting off part or all of the uvula. cionot'omy. Cutting off a part of the uvula. CipoUina's test (che-pol-le'nah) . Add to the suspected urine an equal quantity of phenyl- hydrazine and a few drops of glacial acetic acid; after heating add a few drops of solution of caustic soda; on again heating and allowing to cool, crystals of glucosazone will form if the urine contains glucose. circellus venosus hypoglossi (sur-sel'us ve-no'sus hi-po-glos'i) [L. circellus, dim. of circus, circle.] Rete canalis hypoglossi [BNA]. circinate (sur'sl-nat) [L. circinatus, made round.] Circular, ring-shaped. circle (sur'kl) [L. circulus.] A ring-shaped structure or group of structures, t. of Haller, circulus vas- culosus nervi optici. c. of Willis, circulus arteri- osus, defen'sive c, the addition of a secondary disease limiting or arresting the progress of the primary affection, as when pneumothorax super- venes on pulmonary tuberculosis, the two affec- tions exerting a reciprocally antagonistic action. diSu'sion c, one of a number of circles formed on the plane of projection of an image when it is not in the focus of the lens, vas'cular c, (i ) the circle around the mouth formed by the inferior and superior coronary arteries ; (2) c. . of Haller. vic'ious c, (i) the mutually accelerating action of two independent diseases, or of a primary and secondary affection; (2) the passage of food, after a gastroenterostomy, from the artificial opening, through the intestinal loop by antiperistaltic action, into the stomach again by the pyloric ori- fice, or the reverse; (3) in aortic stenosis, the series of changes following dilatation of the left ven- tricle, namely, relative incompetency of the mitral valve, dilatation of the left atrium, pulmonary engorgement, hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle, relative incompetency of the tri- cuspid valve, dilatation of the right atrium, and general venous engorgement. circuit (sur'kit) [L. circuitus, going round.) The path or course of an electric current, closed c, one in which the current flows continuously. open c, one the continuity of which is interrupted so that the current cannot pass, short c, (i) in electricity, a c. of low resistance formed between two points which diverts the greater part or the whole of the current from the longer c. ; (2) in intestinal surgery, a communication formed by operation between two portions of the alimentary canal to enable the contents to pass by an obstruc- tion; also (3), as a verb, to make a short circuit in either sense. cir'cular. i. Shaped like a circle, ring-shaped, annular 2. Taking a circular course, recurrent, periodic. circula'tion. Movement in a circle or through a circular course, blood c, the course of the blood from the heart through the arteries, capillaries, and veins back again to the heart. coUat'eral c, that which is maintained in small anastomosing vessels when the main artery is obstructed. compen'satory c, that which is established in dilated collateral vessels when the main artery of the part is obstructed deriv'ative c, the passage of blood directly from arteries to veins, without going through the capillary network, fetal c, placental c. greater c, systemic c. lesser c, pulmonary t. lymph c, the slow passage of lymph through the lymphatic vessels and glands. placen'tal c, the circulation of blood during intra- uterine life, aeration and depuration occurring in the placenta instead of in the lungs as in post- natal life: see cut under fetal, portal c, the Diagram of thb Postnatal Circulation. (After Huxley.) Ad, Right auricle receiving the superior and inferior venae cavae, Vcs and Vci; Dth, thoracic duct, the main trunk of the lymphatic system; Ad, right auricle; Vd, right ventricle; Ap, pulmonary artery: P, lung; Vp, pulmonary yein; As, left auricle; Vs, left ventricle; Ao, aortaj D, intestine; L, liver; Vp, portal vein; Lv, hepatic vem. capillary c. of venous blood in the liver, between the portal and the hepatic veins pul'monaiy c, the passage of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and back through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, system'ic c, the c. of blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the general sys- tem, from the left ventricle to the right atrium. cir'culatoiy. Relating to the circtilation. circulus, gen. and pi. circuit (ser'koo-loos) [L. dim. of circus, circle.] Any ring-like structure. A circle formed by connecting arteries, veins, or nerves. c. arterio'sus, circle of Willis, an anastomotic "circle" (roughly polygonal in outline) at the base of the brain, formed, in order from before backward, by the anterior communicating artery, the two anterior cerebral, the two internal carotid, the two posterior communicating, and the two posterior cerebral arteries, c. arterio'- sus Hal'leri [BNA], c. vasculosus nervi optici. c. arterio'sus ir'idis, arterial circle of the iris, one of two anastomosing circles of the ciliary arter- ies; the inner, smaller, c. minor is near the pupil- lary margin of the iris, the outer, larger, c. major, is at the ciliary border of the iris. c. callo'sus CIRCULUS 20S CIRSOPHTHALMIA Hall'eri, one of the fibrous rings surrounding the opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the heart, c. vasculo'sus ner'vi op'tici (Hal'leri), vastSular circle of the optic nerve, or of Haller, a network of branches of the short ciliary arteries on the sclera around the point of entrance of the optic nerve, c. veno'sus Hal'leri, a ring of veins in the areola of the nipple, c. veno'sus Rid'leyi, a venous ring surrounding the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. c. Zinn'ii, c. vasculosus nervi optici. cir'cum- [L. around.] A prefix denoting a circular movement, or a position surrounding the part indicated by the word to which it is joined. circumanal (sur-kum-a'nal). Surrounding the anus. circumarticular (sur-kum-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. circum, around, + articulus, joint.] Periarthric, sur- rounding a joint. circumaz'illaiy [L circum, around, + axilla.l About the axilla. circumbul'bar. Around any bulb, especially the eyeball. circumcision (sur-kum-sizh'un) [L. circum, around, + C(Bdere, to cut.] The operation of removing part or all of the foreskin, or prepuce. circumcomeal (sur-kum-kor'ne-al). Surrounding the cornea. circumduction (sur-kum-duk'shun) [L. circum, around, + ducere, to draw.] Movement of a part, as the eye or an extremity,,in a circular direction. circumferentia (sur-kum-fe-ren'shi-ah) [L.] Cir- cumference, c. articula'ris [BNA], articular circumference; there are two structures with this title: c. a. capit'uli uVtkb, articular circum- ference of the small head of the ulna (at its upper end), and c. a. ra'dii, articular circum- ference of the radius (at its lower end). circumflex (sur'kum-flex). Bent around, bowed, describing an arc of a circle, noting several anatomical structures — arteries, veins, nerves, and muscles. circumgemmal (sur"kum-iem'al) L. circum, around, + gemma, a bud.] Surroiinding a bud-like or bulb-like body, noting especially a mode of nerve termination by fibrils surrounding an end- bulb. circumin'sular. Situated around the island of Reil circumlen'tal. Surrounding the crystalline lens. circumnuclear (sur-kum-nu'kle-ar). Surrounding any nucleus. circumoc'ular [L. oculus, eye.] Around the eye. circumor'bital. Around the orbit. circumre'nal [L. ren, kidney.] Around the kidney, perinephric. circumscissile (sur-kum-sis'il) [L. circumscindere, to cut around.] In botany, noting a dehiscence or splitting of the capsule of a fruit in a circular line around the side. circumscriptus (sur-kum-skrip'tus) [L. circum, around, -t- scribere, to write.] Circumscribed, having a well-defined outline. circumvall'ate [L. vallum, wall.] Noting a structure surrounded by a raised ring, as the c. papillcB* of the tongue. cxrcumyas'cular [circum-, around, -t- vasculum, vessel.] Surrounding any vessel, especially a blood-vessel. cirrhonosus (sir-ron'o-sus [G. kirrhos, tawny, + nosos, disease.] A disease of the fetus marked anatomically by a yellow staining of the peri- toneum and pleura. cirrhosis (sl-ro'sis) [G. kirrhos, tawny.] A degenera- tion or atrophy of the parenchyma cells of an organ, with hypertrophy of the interstitial con- nective tissue, atroph'ic c, the usual form of c. in which extreme contraction of the connective tissue and atrophy of the parenchyma cells lead to a marked reduction in size of the organ bil'iary c, Hanot's c , a chronic cholangitis, resulting in jaundice, attacks of abdominal pain, and enlargement of the liver and spleen, but usually without ascites; called also hypertrophic biliary c; in obstructive biliary c, caused by obstruction in the extrahepatic bileducts, the liver is enlarged, jaundice is present, the stools are acholic, and the patient rapidly loses strength, bil'iary c. of chil'dren, infantile liver, a disease characterized by a growth of fibrous connective tissue within the lobules between the liver cells; it occurs in India, affecting children between 6 and 24 months of age; the liver is enlarged,'"jaundice is marked, and there is edema in the later stages; the disease lasts from a month or two to one or two years; the prognosis is almost uniformly unfavorable, cap'sular c. of the liv'er, Glissonian c. c. mam'miae, chronic interstitial mastitis, c. of the kidney, granu- lar kidney, c. of the liver, biliary c, Glis- sonian c. c. of the lung, chronic interstitial pneumonia, c. of the stomach, sclerotic gastritis, a condition of connective-tissue hypertrophy, causing thickening of the walls with contraction of the cavity of the stomach. Glisso'nian c, [see Glisson], chronic perihepatitis with thickening and subsequent contraction, resulting in atrophy- and deformity of the liver! Hanot's t., hyper^ trophic c. of the liver, hypertroph'ic c, a form in which the hypertrophy of the connective tissue is in excess of the atrophy of the parenchy- ma cells. Laennec's' c, portal c. multilob'ular c, atrophic c. of the liver, peripor'tal c, atro- phic o. of the liver, pig'mentary c, pigmenta- tion of the liver in bronze diabetes, por'tal c, Laennec's c, hobnailed liver; a form probably due to the action of some poison conveyed by the portal vein; ihe liver is usually decreased in size, though it may be slightly enlarged, ascites is common, hematemesis occurs at times, but^ jaundice is rare, tox'ic c, c. of the liver due to chronic poisoning by lead, alcohol, etc. unllo'- bar c, hypertrophic c. of the liver, vas'cular c, c. of the liver due to stasis of the circulation in the organ. cirrhot'ic. Relating to or affected with cirrhosis. cirrose, cirrous (sir'oz, sir'us). i. Relating to or having cirri. 2. In botany, having tendrils or coiling like a tendril. cirr'us, pi. cirri [L. a curl.] i. A structure like a. thickened or condensed cilium constituting one of the sensory or tactile organs of the protozoa- 2. The protruding male sexual organ of a tape- worm or a fluke. cireectomy (sur-sek'to-ml) [G. kirsos, varix, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a section of a varicose vein. cirsocele (sur'so-sel) [G. kirsos, varix, -I- kele, tumor.] Varicocele, a dilatation of the veins of the spermatic cord, marked by a boggy swelling, a dragging weight, and slight pain. cirsoid (sur'soyd) [G. kirsos, varix, -I- eidos, ap- pearance.] Varicose, resembling a varix. c. an'eurysm, dilatation and tortuosity of an artery resembling varices in a vein. cirsom'phalos (sur-som'fa-los) [G. kirsos, varix, -f- omphalos, umbilicus.] The presence of varicose veins around the umbilicus. cirsophthal'mia [G kirsos, varix, + ophthalmos eye.] Dilatation of the conjunctival blood-vessels CIRSOTOMY 206 CLAMP cirsotomy (siir-sot'o-mI) [G. kirsos, varix, + tome, incision.] Treatment of varicose veins by mul- tiple incisions. cissa (sis'ah) [G. kissa.] A craving for unusual or unwholesome articles of food; the unnatural longings of pregnancy. cissam'pelos [G. kissos, ivy, + ampelos, vine.] (B.A.) The dried root of Cissampelos pareira; tonic and diuretic, given in the form of decoction and liquid extract. cis'tern [L. cisterna.'] A reservoir, or an enclosed space containing fluid, cistema. cister'na, gen. and pi. cisterncs [L.] Any cavity or enclosed space serving as a reservoir, especially for chyle or lymph, c. basa'lis, basal cistern, c. interpeduncularis [BNA]. c. cerebellomedul- la'ris [BNA], cerebellomeduUary cistern, post- cistema, c. magna, the largest of the subarach- noid cisterns between the under surface of the cerebellum and the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata, c. chias'matis [BNA], cistern of the chiasm, a dilatation of the sub- arachnoid space formed when the arachnoid passes over from the optic chiasm to the rostrum of the corpus callosum. c. chy'li [BNA], chyle- cistern, receptaculum chyli, a dilated sac 2 or 3 in. (5-7. 5 cm.) in length by i to J in. (6-8 mm.) in width, lying between the vena azygos major and the aorta opposite the first and second lumbar vertebrse; it receives the intestinal, two lumbar and two descending lymphatic trunks, and gives origin to the thoracic duct. c. crura'Us, c. interpeduncularis. c, fos'sae latera'- lis cer'ebri [BNA], cistern of the lateral fossa of the cerebrum, an elongated expansion of the subarachnoid space where the arachnoid bridges over the opening of the Sylvian fissure. 0. Interpeduncula'ris [BNA], interpeduncular cislern, c. basalis, a dilatation of the subarach- noid space in front of the pons Varolii, where the arachnoidea stretches across between the two temporal lobes, c. mag'na, large cistern, c. cerebellomeduUaris [BNA]. c. perilymphat'ica, the space between the osseous and the mem- branous labyrinth of the internal ear, containing the perilymph, c. pon'tis, an upward continua- tion of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, continuous about the oblongata with the u. cerebellomeduUaris. u. subarachnoida'lis, an ex- panded portion of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain; the cavity so formed is filled with fluid, c. ve'nse mag'nee cer'ebri [BNA], cistern of the great vein of the cerebrum, an expansion of the subarachnoid space below and behind the trunk of the corpus callosum and above the quadri- geminal bodies. Cls'tus [G. kisios, the rock-rose.] A genus of plants in the Mediterranean region. C. cre'ticus and C. ladanif'erus furnish the resinous substance labdanum or ladanum, formerly employed in bronchitis and dysentery. clt'arin. Trade name of sodium anhydromethylene citrate, a compound of sodium citrate and for- maldehyde; used in rheumatism and gout in doses of gr. 15-30 (i . 0-2 . o), being said to liberate formaldehyde in the blood. citracon'ic acid. Pyrocitric acid, a crystalline acid, C,H,0„ prepared from citric acid by distillation. clt'ral. An aldehyde from oil of lemon. cit'ramlne. Hexamethylene* tetramine methyl- en ecitrate. clt'rate. A salt of citric acid. cit'rated. Containing a citrate, specifically noting blood-serum or milk to which has been added a solution of potassium citrate. cit'ric acid. Acidum* citricum. citrine oint'ment (sit'ren). Unguentum* hydrargyri nitratis. cit'rocoU. PhenocoU citrate; colorless crystals soluble in water; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of 10-20 grains (0.6-1.2). cit'rol. Citrate of itrol,* used like other organic silver preparations in gonorrhea. citroneU'a. ±. CoUinsonia. 2. Andropogon nar- dus, a fragrant grass of Ceylon, from which is distilled a volatile oil used as a perfume and as a protection against insects. cit'rophen. A compound of citric acid and para- phenetidin, occurs as a white powder or crystals of a faintly acidulous taste ; employed as an anti- pyretic, analgesic, and sedative in doses of gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.0). citrurea (sit-ru-re'ah). Trade name of a, mixture of lithium bromide, citric acid and urea, employed in gout and rheumatic affections. Cit'rus. A genus of trees of the order RutacecB. C. ac'ida, the lime. C. auran'tium, orange. C. bergam'ia, bergamot.. C. decu'mana, shaddock. C. limo'num, C. med'ica, lemon. civ'et. The secretion from the anal glands of Viverra civetta and V. eibeiha, animals of Africa and southern Asia respectively ; used, like musk, as a perfume and sometimes as a stimulant. Civinini's pro'cess (che-ve-ne'ne). [Fi\ippo Civinini, Italian anatomist, fi844.] Processus pterygo- spinosus. CI. Symbol for chlorine. dado's band (klah'do). The suspensory liga- ment of the ovary covered with peritoneum. C.'s lig'ament, a mesenteric fold running from the broad ligament on the right side to the appendix. C.'s point, a point at the junction of the interspinal and right semilunar lines, at the external border of the rectus abdominis muscle, where marked tenderness on pressure is felt in cases of appendicitis. cladode, cladodium (klad'od, klS-do'di-um) [G. kladodes, resembling a branch.] Cladophyll. Clado'nia [G. kladon, a branch.] A genus of lichens, of which one species, C. rangiferi'na, reindeer moss, has been used in bronchitis. clad'ophyll [G. klados, a branch, + phyllon, a leaf.] In botany, a leaf-like branch. cladosporiosis (klad"o-spo-ri-o'sis) . Infection with a fungus, a species of Cladosporium, specifically C madagascariense, marked by the fornxation of gummatous, nodules. Cladosporium (klad-o-spo'ri-um) [G. klados, a branch, + sporos, seed.] A genus of fungi hav- ing greenish conidiophores with oval or round spores. C. cancerog'enes, canceromyces. C. madagascarien'se, a species producing gumma- like nodules. C. man'soni, a species'causing the lesions of tinea nigra. Clad'othrix [G. klados, a branch, + thrix, hair.] A genus of ChlamydobacteriacecB, including the forms with branching cell threads. claim [L. clamare, to call.] In life insurance, the amount of a policy malfured and payable, either at the end of an endowment period or at the death of the insured, death c, the amount of a policy maturing by the death of the insured. clamp. I. An instrument for making compression of an artery, the pedicle of a tumor, or other structures. 2. In dentistry, a metal spring used CLAMP 207 CLEAVAGE for attaching an artificial tooth to a natural one, obviating the necessity of a plate. clang. ±. A loud metallic noise. 2. The quality of the voice or of a musical tone. clap. I. A sharp slapping sound. 2. Gonorrhea. clapotage, clapotement (kll-pil-tazh', kia-put-mon') [Fr.] The splashing sound heard on succussion of a dilated stomach. Clap'ton's line. A greenish discoloration of the dental margin of the gums in cases of chronic copper poisoning. clar'et-cheek. Capillary nevus of the face. clarif'icant [L. clarus, clear, + facere, to make.] I. Making a turbid liquid clear. 2. Any agent having this property. clarification (klar"I-fi-ka'shun). The process of making a turbid liquid clear. clar'ify. To make clear. Clark's Red Cross Min'eral Well, Michigan. Muri- ated-saline waters. Used internally and exter- nally in rheiunatism, various internal disorders; locally for ulcers, cuts, bums, and bruises, con- junctivitis, pharyngitis, leucorrhea, and gonor- rhea. Clark's Riv'erside Min'eral Springs, Michigan. Muri- ated-sulphated and saline-calcic waters, 56° F. Two springs, used by drinking and bathing in hepatic and intestinal disorders. Clark's sign. [Alonzo Clark, New York physician, 1807-1887.] A tympanitic percussion note over the liver, denoting intestinal perforation. Clarke's col'umn [Jacob Augustus Lockhart Clarke, English anatomist, 1817—1880.] Posterior vesicu- lar column, nucleus* dorsalis [BNA]. C.'s collat'- eral bun'dle, a bundle of nerve fibers passing between Burdach's and Clarke's columns. C.'s nu'cleus, a group of nerve cells situated at the level of the third cervical nerve, representing C.'s column at this level. Clarke's tongue [Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, English physician, 1782-1857.] An indurated tongue with fissured surface, due to syphilis. C.'s ul'cer, (i) rodent ulcer;* (2) ulcer of the cer- vix uteri. clasmatoblast (klaz-mat'o-blast) [G. klasma, a fragment, -I- blastos, germ.] Mast-cell. clasmatocyte (klaz-mat'o-s!t) [G. klasma, a frag- ment, + kytos, a hollow (cell).] A large, ap- parently wandering uninucleated cell, with many branches, derived probably from proliferating tissue elements, though possibly from the blood. clasmato'sis [G. klasma, a fragment.] The exten- sion of pseudopodia-like processes in unicellular organisms and blood cells by plasmolysis rather than by a true pseudopodia formation. clasp-knife rigid'ity. Spastic motion in a joint, with first hesitation and then sudden flexion or extension. class [L. classis, a division.] In zoological classifi- cation the division next below the phylum (or subphylum) and above the order. Class's cocc'us [W. J. Class, Chicago physician, 1874-1906.] An organism resembling a large gonococcus, found in the blood, throat secretions, and epidermal scales in scarlet fever and regarded by C. as the cause of this disease. clas'tic [G. klastos; klao, ' I break.] Breaking up into pieces, or exhibiting a tendency so to break or divide. clas'tothrix [G. klastos, broken in pieces, -I- thrix, hair.] Trichorrhexis, brittleness of the hair. claudication (klaw-dl-ka'shun) [L. daudicare, to limp.] Limping, intermitt'ent c, intermittent limping.* Clau'dius's cells [Friedrich Matthias Claudius, Ger- man anatomist, 1822-1869.] Columnar cells on the floor of the ductus cochlearis external to the organ of Corti. C.'s fos'sa, a slight depression on either side, in the posterior part of the pelvis, in which the ovary lies. Claudius's meth'od (klaw'dJ-us) . Sterilization of catgut by immersion for a week or longer in a I per cent, iodine-potassium iodide solu- tion. claustral (klaw'stral). Relating to the "blaustrum claustrophobia (klaw-stro-fo'bi-ah) [L. claitstram, an enclosed space, -|- G. phobos, fear.] A morbid apprehension of being in a house or any en- closure. claustrum (klaw'strum) [L. barrier.] One of several anatomical structures bearing a fancied resemblance to a barrier; specifically a thin vertically placed lamina of gray matter lying close to the outer portion (putamen) of the lenticular nucleus, from which it is separated by the external capsule, c. gutt'uris, c. o'ris, velum palatinum. c. virgina'le, hymen. clausura (klaw-su'rah) [L. closure.] Atresia. cla'va, gen. and pi. cla'vcB [L.] Club, the swollen extremity of the funiculus gracilis in the posterior portion of the medulla oblongata, just below the rhomboidal fossa. cla'val. Relating to the clava. cla'vate [L. clava, a club.] Club-shaped. ; clavelization (klav-e'-i-za'shun) [Fr. claveU sheep- pox.] Preventive inoculation of sheeppox. Clav'iceps [L. clava, club, + caput, head.] A genus of fungi producing smut in cereals. C. purpu'rea, the fungus of rye which produces ergot. clavicle (klaVi-kl) [L. clavicula, a small key.] Col- lar-bone, a long doubly curved bone, forming part of the shoulder-girdle, its inner end articu- lating with the manubrium stemi, its outer with the acromial process of the scapula. clavicot'omy [L. clavicula, clavicle, -1- G. tome, inci- sion.] . Surgical division of the clavicle. clavic'ula [L. dim. of clavis, key.] Clavicle. clavic'ular. Relating to the clavicle. clavic'ulus [L. dim. of clavus, a nail.] One of Sharpey's* fibers. cla'vin. An extractive of ergot having oxytocic properties. cla'vus [L. a nail.] i. Com, a small conical callosity caused by pressure over a bony prominence, usually on a toe. 2 A severe pain in the head, sharply limited in area, as if caused by the driving of a nail. claw-foot. Muscular atrophy with caval contrac- tion of the foot. claw-hand. Muscular atrophy of the hand with claw-like flexion of the fingers. Clay'ton gas. A gas, chiefly sulphurous acid with some sulphuric acid, used to kill the vermin in the hold of a ship. Clear Creek Springs, Kentucky. Light alkaline- calcic waters. Two springs. Hepatic and renal affections, dyspepsia, cutaneous diseases, and women's diseases. cleavage (kle'vej) i. The splitting up of a com- plex molecule into two or more simpler mole- cules. 2. Segmentation of the vitellus, yolk-c. c.-cav'ity, the interior of a morula or of a blastula, blastocoele, c.-cell, blastomere. c. lines, when a pin is driven into the skin of the cadaver, the opening made is linear, owing to the special dis- tribution of the connective-tissue bundle ; these lines take definite directions varying with the region of the body surface; see cut on follow- CXEAVAGE 208 CLINICAL ing page, c.-mass, the collection of cells re- sulting from the segmentation of the vitellus. hydrolyt'ic c, hydrolysis, u. accompanied by the taking up of the constituents of water, yolk-c, segmentation of the vitellus. Cleavage Lines of the Skin. When the skin of the cadaver is pierced with a round instrument, like a shoemaker's awl, on withdrawal of the instrument the wound assumes a linear form, the direction of which in different parts of the body is here indicated. clea'vers. Ladies' bed-straw, the dried herb. Galium verum, having diuretic properties in doses of 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) . Cleemann's sign (kla'mahn) Wrinkling of the skin just above the patella, in fracture of the femur with overriding of the fragments. cleft. A fissure, bran'chial c, see branchial. choles'terin c, an artefact caused by the dis- solving out of cholesterin crystals in sections of degenerated tissue embedded in paraffin, gen'- ital c, a fissure in the embryo from which is formed the cloaca, vis'ceral c, any cleft be- tween two visceral arches in the embryo. left-palate. A congenital fissure in the roof of the mouth, due to failure of the palate bones to unite; usually associated with harelip, repair of c.-p., staphyloplasty, staphylorrhaphy, uranoplasty uranorrhaphy. cleft-tongut. Furrowed tongue.* cleidagra, etc. See clidagra. cleithrophobia (klith-ro-f o'bl-ah) . Clithrophobia. clem'atis [G. klematis, a vine.] A tincture of the fresh leaves and stems of C. erecta, virgin's bower; employed in homeopathic practice in the treat- ment of moist eczema and painful glandular swellings, in doses of the ist to the 6th dilution. Clem'en's solu'tion. Liquor potassii arsenatis et bromidi. cleoid (kle'oyd) [A. S. cle, claw, -|- G. eidos, resemblance.] A claw-like dental instrument used in excavating cavities. cleptoma'nia [G. klepto, I steal, -I- mania, frenzy.] An uncontrollable impulse to steal without needing the thing taken. cleptoma'niac. A person suffering from clepto- mania. cleptopho'bia [G. klepto, I steal, + phobos, fear.] A morbid dread of becoming a thief or a clepto- maniac. cler'gyman's sore throat. Granular pharyngitis. Clevenger's fiss'ure (klev'en-jur) . Sulcus tem- poralis inferior. clidagra (kli-dag'rah) [G. kleis(kleid-), the clavicle, -I- agra, a seizure.] Gouty pain in the clavicle. cUdarthritis (kli-dar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. kleisQtleid-), clavicle, + arthron, joint, + -ilts.] i. Cleida- gra. 2. Inflammation of either of the articular ends of the clavicle. clidocostal (kli-do-kos'tal) [G. kleis(kleui-), clavicle, + L. casta, rib. Relating to the clavicle and a rib. clidorrhezis (kli-do-rek'sis) [G. kleis (kleid-), clavicle, -t- rhexis, rupture.] Reduction of the diameter of the shoulder-girdle of the fetus by fracture or bending of the clavicles. clidot'omy [G. kleis, clavicle, -t- tome, a cutting.] Division of the clavicles to reduce the width of the shovdders of the fetus in certain cases of dystocia. clidotripsy (kli'do-trip-sl) [kleis (kleid-), clavicle, + tripsis, a rubbing.] Crushing of the clavicle of the fetus in order to reduce the width of the shoulder girdle in cases of dystocia. clier (kli'er). Lymphadenitis in cattle. Clifton Springs, N. Y. Alkaline-saline-calcic-car- bonated-sulphureted ^waters. Used for_^drink- ing and bathing. climac'ter [G. klimakier,' the round of a'ladder.] Climacteric(i). climacteric (kli-mak'ter-ik, kli-mak-ter'ik). i. Climacter, a supposed critical period of life, after adolescence, occurring in men or women, espe- cially the menopause in women. 2. Relating to a climacter, or critical period of life, grand c, the sixty-third year, the ninth of the seventh year periods, each of which from the third on was formerly regarded as a critical period. clijnatorogy [G. klima, climate, -I- -logia.] The branch of meteorology which has to do with a study of climate and its relation to disease. climatother'apy [G. klimaiklimat-), climate, + therapeia, treatment.] The treatment of disease by a sojourn in a region having a certain climate. cU'max [G. klimax, staircase.] The height of a disease, the stage of greatest severity. Cli'max Springs, Missouri. lodo-bromated waters. Seven springs. Chronic tuberculous and syphil- itic affections. climograph (kli'mo-graf) [G. klima, climate, -|- grapho, I record.] A diagram showing the effect of climate on health. clin'ic [G. kline, bed.] i. An institution in which medical attention is given to patients who live at home, not requiring hospital care. 2. An institution in which medical instruction is given to students by means of demonstra- tions in the presence of the sick. 3. A clinical lecture. clin'ical. 1. Relating to the bedside of a patient or to the course of his disease. 2. Noting the symptoms and course of a disease as distinguished from the anatomical changes. 3. Relating to a clinic, c. lec'ture, a lecture on any disease during which the patient is present and is referred to in demonstration of the objective symptoms. INICIAN 209 CLOT ician (klin-ish'un). A practising physician, as istinguished from a pathologist or laboratory rorker. I'icist. Clinician. ,ocephaly (kli-no-sef S-li) [G. Mine, bed, + keph- U, head.] Saddle-head; a condition in which he upper surface of the skull is more or less con- ave, presenting a saddle-shaped appearance on irofile; it is due to premature closure of the phenoparietal suture. nocoris (klin-ok'o-ris) [G. kline, bed, -f koris, )ug.] Bedbug; the genus is usually called lodac'tyly [G. klino, I incline, bend, -1- dakiylos, inger.] Permanent deflection of one or more ingers. noid [G. kline, bed, + eidos, resemblance.] iesembling a bed ; noting the c. processes, three jairs of prominences on the upper surface of the iphenoid bone, the anterior pair on the sides of ;he olivary process, the middle and posterior pairs it the angles of the sella turcica. lology (kli-nol'o-jl) [G. klino, I decline, -I- -login. The part of science which has to deal with the •etrograde changes in living organisms following ;he period of maturity. noscope [G. klino, I decline, + skopeo, I view.] \n instrument for determining the degree of weakness of the ocular muscles by measuring the ;orsion oi the eyeballs. ieometer (kliz-e-om'e-ter) [G. klisis, inclination, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measur- ng the angle which the axis of the oelvis makes irith that of the body. Cliseombtbr. stogamy (klis-tog'5-ml) [G. kleisios, closed, + gamos, marriage.] In botany, a condition in which there are unexpanded flowers which are nevertheless fertile, producing seed. throphobia (klith-ro-pho'bi-ah) [G. kleithron, a bolt, + phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of being locked in. tion (klitl-on) [G. klitos, a declivity.] A cranio- metric point in the middle of the highest part of the clivus on the sphenoid bone. toridauze (klit-or-id-awk'se) [G. kleitoris, clito- ris, -I- auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy of the clitoris. torid'ean. Relating to the clitoris. toridectomy (klit-or-id-ek'to-ml) [G. kleitoris (kleitorid-), clitoris, + ektome, excision.] Re- moval of the clitoris. toriditis (kli-tor-id-i'(e')tis) [G. kleitoris (kleitorid-) clitoris, -(- -itis.] Inflammation of the clitoris. toridotomy (klit-or-I-dot'o-ml) [G. kleitoris (klei- torid-), clitoris, -I- tome, a cutting.] Circumcision in the female. toris (klit'or-is or kli'tor-is) [G. kleitoris.'] An organ composed of erectile tissue, the analogue in the female of the penis; it is about an inch and a half in length, and is formed of two corpora 14 cavernosa capped by a glans ; the corpus spongio- sum is absent except as it is represented by the glans. clitoritis (kli-to-ri'(re')tis). Clitoriditis. cUtorism (klit'or-ism)* i. Prolonged and usually painful erection of the clitoris, the analogue of priapism. 2. Clitoridauxe. clitoroma'nia. Nymphomania. cUtorot'omy. Clitoridotomy. cli'vis. Declivis cerebelli. cli'vus [L. slope.] A sloping surface, especially of a bone such as the occipital and sphenoid, c. Blumenbach'ii, the slope at the base of the skull from the foramen magnum to the sella turcica. c. montic'uli, a division of the superior surface of the vermis of the cerebellum, continuous on either side with the posterior crescentic lobules clo'aca [L. sewer.] The combined urogenital and rectal opening in the embryo, c. the'ory, the belief sometimes held by neurotics or children that a child is bom as a stool is passed, from a. common opening. Cloetta's digitoxin (Mo-et'tahz dij-I-toks'in) [Max Cloetta, Swiss pharmacologist, *i868.] A soluble preparation of digitoxin — digitoxinum solubile. clon'ic. Of the nature of clonus, marked by alter- nate contraction and relaxation of muscle. clonicity (klo-nisl-tl). The state of being clonic. clo'nism. A long continued state of clonic spasms clo'nograph [G klonos, tumult, + grapho, I write.] An instrument for registering the movements in clonic spasm. Clonorchiosis (klo-nor-k?-o'sis) . A condition marked by invasion of the bile ducts by Clonor- chis endemicus or C. sinensis, Clonorchis (klo-nor'kis) [G. klon, a branch or shoot, -I- orchis, testicle. ] A genus of flukes, formerly included in the genus Distoma or Opisthorchis; it is characterized by the fact that the testicles are ramified instead of being notched or lob ate. clo'nospasm. Clonus. clo'nus [G klonos, a tumult.] A form of convulsion marked by contractions and relaxations of a muscle, occurring in rapid succession, ankle c, foot-c, see under ankle, wrist c, see under wrist, toe c, see under toe. Cloquet's canal' (klo-ka') [Jules Germain Cloquet, Parisian surgeon, 179^1-1883.] Stilling's canal, canalis* hyaloideus. C.*s gang'lion, septum femorale. C.'s her'nia, a femoral hernia perfor- ating the aponeurosis of the pectineus and insinu- ating itself between this aponeurosis and the muscle, lying therefore behind the femoral vessels. C.'s sep'tum, C.'s ganglion. C.'s sign, a bright needle is not quickly rusted when passed into the muscular tissue, if life is extinct. clostrid'ial. Relating to any bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Clostrid'ium [G. kloster, spindle.] A genus of fusi- form bacteria, the shape being due to a central spore. C. butyr'icum, a variety of Bacillus buty- ricus. C. pasteuria'num, a nitrifying bacterium which utilizes directly the nitrogen of the air. clot [A.S. cfo«(?), a mass.] 1. To coagulate. 2. A coagulum, a thrombus, ag'ony c, a heart clot formed during the act of dying in cases of pro- longed heart failure, ante-mor'tem c, a blood clot found at autopsy, which was formed in any of the heart cavities or the great vessels before death, lam'inated c, a clot formed of a succes- sion of layers such as occurs in the natural cure of an aneurysm, passive c, a c. formed in an aneurysmal sac in consequence of the circula- CLOT tion through the aneurysm having ceased. post-mor'tem c, a. clot formed in the heart or great vessels after death. clot'bur. A plant, Xanihium spinosum, the leaves of which are diuretic, diaphoretic, and sialogogue in doses of gr. lo (0.6). clott'age. The blocking of any canal or duct by a blood-clot. cloudy swelling (klow'dl-swel'ing). Turbid swell- ing, albuminoid or parenchymatous degeneration ; a degenerative change marked by a swelling of the cells, coarsening of the reticulum, and a clouding or granulation of the cytoplasm. clove-hitch. A knot or loop used in making tem- porary traction on a limb ; see cut under knot. Clo'verdale Lith'ia Springs, Penn. Alkaline-saline- chalybeate waters, 52° F. One spring. Ant- acid, aperient, and tonic. clo'ver-disease. Trifoliosis. cloves. Caryophyllus. clown'ism. A stage in hysteroepilepsy in which the patient assumes grotesque attitudes. clubbed dig'its. Hippocratic* fingers. club-foot. Talipes, cyllosis, kyllosis. club-hand. Talipomanus. club-moss. Lycopodium. clump [A.S. clympre, a lump.] To form into clus- ters or small aggregations or groups. clump'ing. Agglutinating ; the massing together of bacteria or other cells suspended in a fluid. clu'nes [pi. of L. clunis, buttock.] Nates, buttocks. clupeine (klu'pe-en) [L. clupea, herring.] A prota- mine, CaoHjjNuO,, in the sperm of the herring. cluttering (klut'er-ing). The dropping of letters or syllables by a hurried or nervous speaker. cly'sis [G. klysis, a washing out.] A washing out of stagnant or waste materials in any cavity or in the blood, by means of injections of fluid. clys'ma [G. klysma, a drenching.] An enema or clyster. clyster (klis'ter) [G. klyster.] Enema, clysma, a rectal injection of water or other fluid. clys'terize. To administer a rectal injection. C. M. Abbreviation for the degree chirurgicB magister, master in surgery. cm. Abbreviation for centimeter. CN. I. Cyanogen. 2. Trade name of a, disin- fectant containing cresols. cnemial (ne'ml-al) [G. kneme, leg.] Relating to the leg, espeeially to the shin. cnemis (ne'mis) [G. knemis, a legging.] The shin. cnemitis (ne-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation of the tibia, especially periostitis of the anterior edge of the tibia. cnemoscoliosis (ne-mo-sko-ll-o'sis) [G. kneme, leg, -I- skoUosis, a. bending.] Curvature of the bones of the leg, bowleg. cnicin (ni'sin). The bitter principle of carduus, Cnicus henedicius; dose, gr. 5 (0.3). Cni'cus benedic'tus. Blessed thistle, carduus bene- dictus; see carduus. cnidosis (ni-do'sis) [G. knidosis, nettle-rash.] Urti- caria. CNOH. Cyanic acid. Co. Symbol for cobalt. CO. I. Carbon) monoxide, carbonic oxide. 2. Carbonyl. COj. Carbonic anhydride, carbon dioxide, some- times called carbonic acidwhich is properly H^CO,. coadunation, coadunition (ko-ad-u-na'shun, ko-ad- u-nl'shun) [L. co-, with, -|- ad, to, + unus, one.] Union or junction, especially of two or more dissimilar substances in one mass. coag'ula. Plural of coagulum. COARCT coag'ulable. Capable of clotting, tending to clot. coag'ulant. 1. Causing coagulation. 2. An agent which causes a fluid to coagulate. coagulase (ko-ag'u-iaz). A clotting enzyme, one which causes coagulation; thrombin and rennin are examples. coag'ulate [L. coagulare, to curdle.] i. To convert a fluid into a soft jelly-like solid, z. To clot, to curdle, to change from a fluid state to that of a soft, jelly-like solid. coagulation (ko-ag-u-la'shun). i. Clotting, the proc- ess of change from a liquid state to that of a soft, jelly-like solid. 2. A clot or coagulum. t. time, the time required for a drop of blood to coagulate, usually from 2 to 8 minutes. coagulative (ko-ag'u-la-tiv). Coagulant, causing coagulation. coagulen (ko-ag'u-len). Trade name of a white powder obtained by the fractional centrifuga- tion of animal blood, supposed to possess in concentrated form the coagulation-stimulating properties of the platelets; it is employed ex- ternally, in a 10 per cent, solution in physiolog- ical salt solution, as a hemostatic. coag'ulin. An antibody causing coagulation of the antigen. coagulinoid (ko-ag'u-lin-oyd) [coagulin + G. eidos, resemblance.] A coagulin in which the function group has been destroyed by heating to 65°— 70** C. coagulom'eter [L. coagulum, clot, -f- G. m-eiron, measure.] An apparatus for measiuing the time required for a drop of blood to coagulate. One form (that of Russell and Brodie) consists of a' truncated glass cone, on which a drop of blood is placed, which projects in a moist chamber ; through a fine tube passing into the moist chamber a current of air is blown; the apparatus is placed under a microscope and the process of coagiilation is observed and timed. coagulose (ko-ag'u-loz). Trade name of a powder obtained by precipitating normal blood serum; recommended locally and by subcutaneous injec- tions for the control of hemorrhage. coag'ulum, pi. coag'ula [L.] A clot; a curd. Coak'ley opera'tion [Cornelius Godfrey Coakley, New York laryngologist, *i862.] An opera- tion for frontal sinus disease. Skin incision from inner third of edge of orbit to the root of the nose or outward; anterior wall removed and mucous membrane curetted away under electric illumination; nasal duct curetted gently so as to secure obliteration. coalesce (ko-al-es') [L. coalescere, to grow together.] To grow together, fuse, become one. coalescence (ko-al-es'ens). The fusion or growing together of two or more bodies. coal-miners' disease or lung. Anthracosis. coal-tar. A black viscid liquid formed during the manufacture of illuminating gas from coal. It is a mixture of many hydrocarbons, and is the source of a great variety of substances, such as the aniline dyes, and a number of the so-called synthetic drugs, c.-t. rem'edies, drugs manu- factured synthetically from c.-t. or its derivatives, such as acetanilide, antipyrine, etc. coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun) [L. coaptare, to fit to- gether.] The joining together or fitting of two surfaces, as the lips of a wound or the ends of a broken bone. c. splint, one of a number of short splints used for the purpose of keeping the ends of ■* a divided bone in place, usually supplemented by a long splint to prevent leverage. coarct (ko-arkt') [L. co-, together, + arcUtre, to press.] To press together. COARCTATE COCCYGERECTOR coarctate (ko-ark'tat) ±. Coarct. z. Pressed to- gether. coarcta'tion. i. A narrowing. ^. A compression. coarctotomy (ko-ark-tot'o-mK) [L. coarctum, some- thing pressed together, stenosed, + G. tome, cutting.] Division of a stricture. coarse. Rough, not fine in texture, c. adjust'- ment, see adjustment. coarticula'tion. i. A joining together. 2. An articulation. coat (kot). i^ The outer covering' or envelope of an organ or part. 2. One of the layers of membranous or other tissues forming the wall of a canal or hollow organ ; tunic. cobalt (ko'bawlt). A steel gray metallic element, symbol Co, atomic weight 58.97. Its com- pounds ailord pigments, the protoxide being the beautiful cobalt blue. cobaya (ko-ba'yah). Guinea-pig, Cavia cobaya. Cobb's pig'mentary fe'ver. A fever observed in India, marked by sudden onset and rapid rise to 103° or 104°, accompanied with headache and nausea or vomiting, and associated with pig- mentation of the nose and cheeks; the fever lasts eight or ten days, but the pigmentation fades away very slowly. Cobel'li's glands. Mucous glands in the lower part of the esophagus. cobra (ko'brah) [Port, snake, from L. coluber, snake.] Naja tripudians. cobra-lecithid (ko"brah-les'e-thid). A thermostable combination of cobra-venom and lecithin which is actively hemolytic. cobral'ysin. An hemolysin in cobra venom. co'ca, co'csB fo'lia (Br.). The dried, leaves of Erythroxylon coca or E. iruxillense, yielding not less than 0.5 per cent, of ether-soluble alka- loids; the source of cocaine and several other alkaloids; tonic and stimulant in doses of gr. 30—60 (2.0—4.0). cocaina (ko-kah-e'na) (U.S. and Br.). Cocaine, methyl-benzoyl-ecgonine, an alkaloid derived from coca; formula CijHjiNO^; occurs in large colorless crystals very slightly soluble in water; local anesthetic, anod3Tie, sedative; internal dose, gr. J— J (0.015-0.03). cocai'nse hydrochlo'ridum (U.S. and Br.), cocaine hydrochloride, occurs in prisms, leaflets, or crystalline powder; local anesthetic, mydriatic, and sedative; internal dose gr. }— J (0.015-0.03). cocaine (ko'kah-en). Cocaina. cocainidine (ko-kah-in'I-den). An alkaloid from coca leaves, similar to, but much weaker than, cocaine, and perhaps isomeric with it. cocainism (ko'kah-in-izm). The habitual use of cocaine as an intoxicant. cocainist (ko'kah-en-ist). One suffering from co- caine addiction. cocainiza'tion (ko-kah-en-i-za'shun). Bringing un- der the anesthetic influence of cocaine. •cocainize (ko'kah-en-iz). To render anesthetic by means of cocaine. cocainomania (ko"kah-en-o-ma'ni[-ah). Cocaine ad- diction, the habitual use of cocaine as an intoxi- cant. cocainomaniac (ko-kah-en-o-ma'nl-ak). One who is addicted to the use of cocaine as an intoxi- cant. cocapyrine (ko-kah-pi'ren). A mixture or com- pound of cocaine, i part, and antipyrine, 100 parts; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 2-5 (0-I3-0-3)- ^. . . Cocca'cese. A family of Schtzomyceies which m- cludes ' all the spherical cells dividing in one (Streptococcus), two {Micrococcus), or three {Sarcina) planes. coc'cal. Relating to cocci. cocci (kok'si). Plural of coccus. coccidial (kok-sid'1-al). Relating to a protozoan of the genus Coccidium-. Coccidiidea (kok"sid-I-id'e-ah) . An order of Telo- sporidia, the members of which are cell-parasites, with an alternation of sexual and asexual genera- tions (sporogony and schizogony). Coccidioides immi'tis (kok-sid-I-oy'dez) fL. cocci- dium. + G. eidos, resemblance; L. immitis, rough, harsh.] An organism found in certain cutaneous and ptilmonary affections with lesions resem- bling infectious granulomata; it is uncertain whether the organism is a protozoan or a mould. coccidiosis (kok-sid-e-o'sis). The occurrence in ■ the liver, usually of the rabbit, of rounded whitish nodules of variable size situated along the smaller bile-ducts; these consist of hypertrophy of the epithelium of the ducts due to inclusions of coccidia. Coccidium (kok-sid'I-um) [dim. of G. kokkos, berry.] A genus of protozoans, order Coccidiidea, many species of which are parasitic in vertebrates. C. bigem'inum, a species found in the feces of dogs, • cats, and possibly man. C. cunic'uli, a parasite in the intestine and liver of rabbits. C. hom'inis, a species, possibly identical with C. cuniculi, found in the human intestine and liver. C. ovifor'me, a species found in the intestine and liver of rabbits, mice, and man, sometimes caus- ing cystic dilatation of the bile-ducts. C" per'forans, C. hominis. C. syphil'idis, an organism believed by McDonagh to be the patho- genic agent of syphilis, one stage is its life cycle being the Spirochceta pallida. coccinella (kok-sin-el'ah). Cochineal, coccus(i).* coccinellin (kok-sin'el-in). The coloring matter derived from cochineal. coccobacil'lus. A short thick bacillus, of the shape of an oval or slightly elongated coccus. C. fcetidus nasi, Perez* bacillus. coccobacte'rium, pi. coccobacie'ria. Coccus (2). coccogenous (kok-oj'en-us) [G. kokkos, berry (coccus), + gennao, I produce.] Caused by cocci. coccoid (kok'oyd) [coccus -\- G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a coccus, especially a micrococcus. coc'culus in'dicus [L. dim. of coccus (G. kokkos), berry.] (N.F.) Pish berry, Indian berry, the dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus or A. paniculata, a climbing shrub of India, the source of picro- toxin. coc'cus (U.S.), coc'cus cac'ti (Br.). 1. Cochineal ^ the dried female insect, Pseudococcus cacti, a source of carmine ; .employed as a coloring agent in pharmaceutical preparations and as a dye in histology and bacteriology, z. A bacterium of round spheroidal or ovoid form, including micro- coccus, gonococcus, meningococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus, and pneumococcus. coccyalgia (kok-sl-al'ji-ah) [G. kokkyx, coccjrx, -I- algos, pain.] Coccygodynia. coccydyn'ia. Coccygodynia. coccygalgia (kok-sl-gal'ji-ah) [G. kokkyx(kokkyg-), coccyx, 4- algos, pain.] Coccygodynia. coccygeal (kok-sij'e-al). Relating to the coccyx coccygectomy (kok-sI-jek'to-mJ) [G. kokkyx(kokkyg-), coccyx, -I- ektome, excision.] Removal of the coccyx. coccygerector (kok-sij-e-rek'tor). Musciilus ex- tensor coccygis. COCCYGEUS 212 CCELARIUM, CELARIUM coccygeus (kok-sl-je'us). See under musculus. coccygodynia (kok"sI-go-din'I-ah) [G. kokkyx{kok- kyg-), coccyx, + odyne, pain.] Neuralgic or rheumatic pain in the coccygeal region. coccygot'omy [G. kokkyx{kokkyg-) coccyx, + iomg, a cutting.] Operation for freeing the coccyx from its attachments. coccyodynia (kok"st-o-din'I-ah). Coccygodynia, severe pain in the region of the coccyx. coccyx, gen. codcygis (kok'siks) [G. kokkyx, a cuckoo, because of the fancied resemblance of the bone to the bill of this bird.] Os coccygis, the small bone at the end of the spinal column in man, formed by the fusion of four rudimentary verte- brae ; it articulates above with the sacrum. cochia pills (koch'I-ah). Pilute colocynthidis com- posite (B.P.), compound colocynth pills. Co'chin leg. Elephantiasis. cochineal (koch'in-el) [L. coccineus, scarlet.] Coc- cus (i). cochlea (kok'le-ah) [L. snail shell.] A cone-shaped cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, forming one of the divisions of the labs^rinth or internal ear; it consists of a spiral canal making two and a half turns around a central core of spongy bone, the modiolus; this spiral canal of the cochlea contains the membranous cochlea or ductus cochlearis in which is the organ of Corti, one of the terminal auditory apparatuses. cochlear (kok'le-ar). Relating to the cochlea. cochleare (kok-le-a're) [L.] A spoon, t. am'plum, c. mag'num, large spoon, tablespoon, c. me'dium, medium-sized spoon, dessertspoon, c. par'vum, small spoon, teaspoon. Cochlearia (kok-le-a'ri-ah). A genus of plants, containing C. armora'cia, horseradish, and C. officinalis, scurvy-grass. cochlearia (kok-le-a'ri-ah). Scurvy-grass, spoon- wort, the herb Cochlearia officinalis; it resembles horseradish in taste and therapeutic properties. cochleariform (kok-le-ar'I-form) [L. cochleare, spoon, -I- forma, form.] Spoon-shaped. cochleate (kok'le-at) [L. cochlea, a snail.] Resem- bling more or less a snail-shell, noting the ap- pearance of a form of plate culture ; see cut under colony, X, A. cochleitis (kok-le-i'(e')tis) [L. cochlea + G. -itis.'] Inflammation of the cochlea. cochleovestibular (kok-le-o-ves-tib'u-lar). Relating to the cochlea and the vestibule of the ear. cochlitis (kok-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the cochlea. cocillana (co-sl-lah'nah) . (N.F.) The dried bark of Guarea rusbyi, a. Bolivia tree ; employed as an expectorant in bronchitis in doses of gr. 15 (l.o), or of miS-is (0.5-1.0) of the N.F. fluidextract. 'Cock's opera'tion [Edward Cock, English surgeon, 1805-1892.] Perineal urethrotomy without a guide. cock'roach. A common insect or black beetle often infesting houses ; it has been employed in medicine as a diuretic; see blatia. COCl. Abbreviation for cathodal opening clonus; written also CaOCl. cockle (kok'l) [A.S. coccel, tares.] Agrostemma (Lychnis) githago. cocoa (ko'ko) [a corruption of cacao.] A substance, cacao prasparata (N.P.), and the beverage made from it, prepared from the seed of cacao or theobroma, in the same way as chocolate, with all the fat possible expressed. cocoanut (ko'ko-nut). The fruit of a tall palm, Cocos nucifera, employed as a food, and also in the manufacture of an oil. coctola'bile [L. coctus, boiled, + labilis, perishable.] Subject to alteration or destruction when ex- posed to the temperature of boiling water. coctostabile, coctostable (kok-to-stab'il, kok-to- sta'bl) [L. coctus, boiled, -I- stabilis, stable.] Resisting the temperature of boiling water with- out alteration or destruction. co'damine. An alkaloid, CjoHjjNOj, derived from the mother liquor of morphine, isomeric with laudanine; occurring in hexagonal crystals. code [L. codex, a tablet for writing on.] A com- pendium of rules, t. of eth'ics.'a conventional set of rules for the guidance of the medical prac- titioner in his professional relations. codeina (ko-de-e'nah) [G. kodeia, poppy-head.] (U.S. and Br.) Codeine, an alkaloid, Ci,Hj,NO, -H HjO, obtained from opium or made artificially from morphine; it occurs in the form of white prisms or a crystalline powder; employed as an analgesic and hypnotic and for the relief of cough in doses of gr. J-2 (0.03-0. 13). codei'nae phos'- phas (U.S. and Br.), codeine phosphate, in white granular soluble crystals; dose, gr. J-2 (0.03- 0.13). codei'nae sul'phas (U.S.), codeine sulphate, in white needles or a crystalline powder; dose gr i-2 (0.03-0.13). codeine (ko'de-Sn). Codeina co'deonal. Trade name of a combination of co- deine and veronal, recommended as an hypnotic. Co'dex medicamenta'rius. The ofScial title of the French Pharmacopeia. cod' -liver oil. Oleum morrhuae. co'dol. Retinol. codren'in. Trade name of a mixture of cocaine hydrochloride and adrenalin chloride, employed as a hemostatic and local anesthetic. coe'cum. Cecum. coefficient (ko-S-fish'ent). The expression of the amount or degree of any quality possessed by a substance, or of the degree of physical or chemical change normally occurringin that substance under stated conditions, biolog'ical c, the energy ex- pended by the body at rest. Bouchard's' c, the proportion of solids to fluid in the. urine. Hy- gien'ic Lab'oratory c, a figure expressing the disinfectant value of any substance; it is ob- tained by dividing the figure representing the weakest dilution of the disinfectant which will kill the typhoid bacillus in 2 J or in i s minutes by that representing the weakest dilution of phenol which will kill the same organism in the same periods of time, isoton'ic c, the amount of salts in the blood plasma, or the amount which must be added to distilled water to make an isotonic solution. Lan'cet c, a figure expressing the disinfecting power of any substance; it is obtained by dividing the figure representing the percentage strength of the weakest killing dilution of phenol by that representing the per- centage strength of the weakest killing dilution of the disinfectant, both at a-J and at 30 minutes. respi'ratory c, respiratory quotient.* Rid'eal- Walk'er c, phenol c, a figure expressing the disinfecting power of any substance; it is ob- tained by dividing the figure indicating the degree of dilution of the disinfectant that kills a microorganism in a given time by that indicating the degree of dilution of phenol which kills the organism in the same space of time under similar conditions; see Rideal-W alker method, urotox'ic c, the number of urotoxic units per kilogram of body weight, excreted in the 24 hours. coela'rium, cela'rium. Mesothelium, the epithelial lining of the coelom or body cavity in the embryo. CCELENTERON 213 COLCHICEIN ccelen'teron [G. koilos, hollow, + enterofii intestine.] Archenteron. coe'liac. Celiac. cceliadelphus (se-lI-S-del'fus) [G. koilia, belly, + adelphos, brother.] A twin monster with fused abdomens. cce'lom, ccelo'ma [G. koiloma, a hollow.] i. The cavity between the two layers of the mesoderm after their union with the ectoderm and entoderm respectively. 2. The general body cavity in the adult. coelonychia (se-lo-nik'I-ah). Celonychia. cceno'bium. Cenobium. coe'nosite. Cenosite. cce'nure. Coenurus cerebralis. Cceliadelphus. Coenu'rus cerebra'lis. Coenure, the larva of Temia ccenurus; it produces staggers when in the brain of the sheep, and leaping-ill when in the spinal cord. co-enzyme (ko-en'zim). Activator(i). coetaneous (ko-e-ta'ne-us) [L. co-, cum, with, + (Btas, age.] Of the same age or date. coferment (ko-fur'ment). Coenzyme. coffee (kof!, kawfl). The seed of the berry of Coffea arabica; it is the source of the alkaloid caffeine; roasted coffee is official in the N.F. as coffea tosta. Soudan' c, cola. coffee-ground vom'it. A form of black vomit; a dark brown or blackish material, resembling coffee-grounds in color and consistency, vomited in cases of cancer of the stomach and other diseases. coS'er-dam. In dentistry a thin sheet of rubber tissue adjusted around the neck of a tooth so as to prevent the access of saliva to the part oper- ated upon; also called rubber-dam. coff'in. The hollow part of the hoof of a horse; the entire hoof below the coronet inclusive of the coffin bone. coff'iu-bone. The third or imgual phalanx in the foot of the horse, os pedis or foot bone; it is com- pletely inclosed by the hoof to which it bears a resemblance in form. cofi'in-joint. The navicular joint of a horse, be- tween the coronary and coffin bones. cog [Celtic] One of a series of teeth or projections on a wheel or other part of machinery; used figuratively in the sense of an interruption to the regular course of any action, respi'ratory c, a sudden brief halt in either inspiration or expira- tion. / cognac (ko'nyak) [Cognac, a district in Prance.] A fine French brandy. COH.CClj. Chloral. Co'hen's test. For albumin in the urine : if albumin is present a precipitate is formed upon the addition to the urine, acidulated with acetic acid, of a mixture of solutions of lead iodide and bismuth iodide. cohesion (ko-he'zhun) [L. toharere, to stick together.] I. The power of attraction between the molecules of any substance keeping the mass from falling apart. 2. The attraction between two masses of the same substance which permits them to be welded together into one mass. cohesive (ko-he'ziv) [L. cokarere, to cohere.] Sticky, adhesive, noting the property of annealed gold by which the separate particles unite when hammered gently to form one homogeneous mass. C40,H,K(SbO). Tartar emetic, antimonyl-pptas- sium tartrate. Cohn's sto'mata. Minute apertures in the walls of the pulmonary alveoli, possibly artefacts. Cohn's test [Hermann Ludwig Cohn, German oculist, *i838.] A test for color vision by means of a comparison of embroidery patterns of different colors. C^OgHJfaK. Potassium and sodium tartrate, Rochelle salt. Cohnheim's a'reas (kon'him) [Julius Cohnheim, German pathologist, 1839-1884.] Polygonal mo- saic-like figures, seen in the cross-section of a muscle examined under the microscope ; they are bunches of sarcostyles. C.'s fields, C.'s areas. C.'s frog, a salt frog*. C.'s the'oiy, the theory that tumors arise from cell rests, or embryonal cells left over, as it were, after the development of the fetus and its organs. cohoba'tion [L. cohobare, to redistill.] Redistillation of a liquid, to obtain it in still greater purity. cohosh'. The Indian name of several unrelated plants which have been used more or less in medi- cine, black c, cimicifuga. blue c, Caulophyl- lum thalichoides. red c, Actcea rubra, baneberry or herb-christopher with red berries; white c, Actcea alba, baneberry with white berries. coil [L. colligere, to collect.] A structure consist- ing of a series of windings forming a ring or spiral. c. gland, sweat gland, glandula* glomiformis. induc'tion c, see under induction. coin-counting (koyn'kownt-ing). A sliding move- ment of the tips of the thumb and index-finger, occurring as a form of tremor in paralysis agitans, coinosite (koy'no-slt). Cenosite. coin sign or test. Bellmetal resonance.* coinsurance (ktf-in-shu'rans). Insurance jointly by two or more companies. Colter's mus'cle. See Koyter. coition (ko-ish'on) [coire, to come together,] Coitus, sexual iritercourse. coitophobia (ko-I-to-fo'M-ah) [L. coitus, sexual intercourse, + G. phobos, fear.] An unreasoning apprehension or fear of the sexual act. coitus (kol-tus) [L.] Copulation, coition, sexual union. cola (ko'lah). Kola (N.F.), the dried cotyledons of Cola vera or C. acuminata {SiercuUa acu- minata) ; the drug contains caffeine, theobromine, and a soluble principle, colatin; employed as a cardiac and nerve stimulant in doses of gr. 20—40 (1.3-2.6), or 5 1 (4-0,) of the N.F. fluid-extract. colal'gia [G. kolon, colon, + algos, pain.] Colic; pain in the colon. co'lanin. A yellowish powder composed of a mixture of bile acids with magnesium carbonate; recommended in the treatment of cholelithiasis in doses of gr. \-\ (0.015-0.03). colasa'ya. Trade name of a tonic of calisaya bark, cola, iron, and phosphates. cola'tion [L. colore, to strain.] Straining, filtering. colatorium (ko-lah-to'rJ-um) [L. a filter, strainer.] Hypophysis cerebri. colchicein (kol'chis-e-in). A derivative, CjiHj,- NO, + iHjO, obtained from colchicum by hydrolysis; occurs in yellowish white powder or acicular crystals; used in gout in doses of gr. ll-is-STS (0.0005-0.001). COLCmCINA 2,14 COLIPLICATION colchicina (kol-che-se'nah). (U.S.) Colchicine, CjjHjjNO,, an alkaloid, obtained from colchicum, occurring in the form of a pale yellow crystalline powder or scales, employed in gout in doses of gr- jiini-!! (0.0004-0.0006). colchicine (kol'che-sen). Colchicina. colchicum (kol'chi-kum) (U.S.). Meadow saffron, the dried corm (col'ckici cor'mus, U.S. and Br.), and the seed (col'ckici se'ynen, U.S., col' chid sem'ina, Br.), of Colchicum auiumnale, an herb of central and southern Europe; employed chiefly in the treatment of gout; dose of either corm or seeds, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). The oflEicial preparations (U.S. and Br.) are a tincture made from the seeds, an extract from the corm, a wine from the seed (U.S.) or corm (Br.), and a fiuid- -extract from the seed (U.S.). col'chisal. Colchisine and cannabis indica dissolved in methyl salicylate and evaporated to an amor- phous yellow powder; employed in gout in dose .of ihsS^- (0.0006). col'cothar [L.] Red oxide of iron, ferri* oxidum rubrum. cold. I. The opposite of heat; the sensation pro- duced by anything of a low temperature, or by the abstraction of heat from the body. 2. A catarrhal affection, especially of the respiratory mucous membranes, c. in the head, coryza, rhinitis, c. on the chest, bronchitis. cold-xi'gor point. The degree of lowered tempera- lure at which the activity of a cell ceases and it passes into the narcotic or hibernating state. cold-sore. Herpes labialis. Cold Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-sul- phureted-alkaline-chalybeate waters, 50° F. Gas- tric, intestinal, hepatic, and renal diseases. Cole's din'ner pill (N.F.). Purified aloes, mass of mercury, and jalap each gr. 1^ (0.08), anti- mony and potassium tartrate, gr. -^-^ (0.0013). colec'tomy [G. kolon, colon, + ektomS, excision.] Excision of a segment or all of the colon. Coleman-Schafier di'et (kol'man-shaf'er) [Warren Coleman, New York physician, *i869.] A diet for typhoid-fever patients; it is rich in protein with high carbohydrate ratio and a moderate amount of fat, consisting chiefly of cocoa, eggs, cream, bread and butter, and milk sugar; the food is given in small quantities at frequent intervals. Cole'manville Mineral Springs, Virginia. Mild alka- line-saline, and mild alkaline-chalybeate waters. Eighty-seven springs. Gastroenteric troubles, hepatic and renal disorders, and general debility. coleocele (ko'le-o-sel) [G. koleos, sheath, -f kele, tumor.] Colpocele. coleocystitis (ko-le-o-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. koleos, sheath, + kystis, bladder, + -itis.l Inflammation of both vagina and bladder. coleot'omy [G. koleos, sheath, + tomS, incision.] i. Incision into the pericardium. 3. Colpotomy. coles (ko'lez) [L.] Penis, c. femini'nus, clitoris. Co'ley's ilu'id, C.'s mixed tox'ins [William B. Coley, New York surgeon, *i862.] A mixture of steri- lized cultures of Streptococcus erysipelatos and Bacillus prodigiosus, in the proportion of 100 to 30, with 20 of glycerin; employed in the treat- ment of inoperable sarcoma in hypodermic doses of nti (o.ors) gradually increased. colibaciUary (ko-le-bas'il-a-re). Relating to Bacil- lus coli. colibacilluria (ko-li-bas-il-u'ri-ah) ^colibacillus + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of colon bacilli in the urine when voided. colibacillus (ko"le-ba-sil'us). Colon bacillus, Bcu:il- lus coli. col'ic [G. kolikos, relating to the colon.] i. Relat- ing to the colon. 2. Spasmodic pains in the abdomen; enteralgia. appendic'ular u., pain in the appendix vermiformis, occasioned by oc- clusion of its mouth or by fibrous involutionary changes, bil'iary c, intense pain caused by the passage or impaction of a gallstone in the cystic or hepatic duct, bil'ious c, more or less severe pain accompanying acute indigestion, diarrhea, and the presence of bile in the stools and vomitus. copp'er c, an affection similar to lead c. occurring in chronic poisoning by copper. Dev'onshire c, lead c. gas'tric c, gastralgia. hepat'ic c, hepat- algia; biliary c. hill c, hill diarrhea, a diarrhea common among those going to the hill country in India after a long stay in the hot regions, lead c, severe abdominal pain, with constipation, symp- tomatic of lead poisoning, meco'nial c, abdomi- nal pain of newborn infants, mu'cous c, muco- membranous enteritis*, mucous colitis, nephrit'ic c, (i) pain occasionally present in cases of acute renal inflammation; (2) renal c. ova'rian c, ova- rian neuralgia or pain due to a neoplasm or any other disease of the ovaries, pain'ter's c, lead c. pancreat'ic c, severe pain, simulating biliary c, caused by the passage of a pancreatic concretion. pseudomem'branous c, mucous c. re'nal c, severe pain caused by the passage of a calculus through the ureter, sabur'ral c, ■ bilious c. sal'ivary c, periodical attacks of pain in the region of a salivary duct or gland, accompanied by an acute swelling of the gland, occurring in cases of salivary calculus, sat'umine c, lead c. Bter'coral c, pain induced by fecal obstruction in the intestine. tuTjal c, pain due to spasmodic contraction of the oviduct excited by a blood clot or a bit of mucus in the tubes, u'terine c, painful cramps of the uterine muscle sometimes occurring at the menstrual period, vermic'ular c, appendicular c. col'ica. 1. A colic artery, see under arteria. 2. Colic, abdominal jjain. c. hepat'ica, biliary colic, c. menstrua'lis, dysmenorrhea, c. muco'- sa, mucomembranous enteritis, t. picto'num, c. picto'rum, painter's colic, c. scorto'rum, prostitutes' colic, abdominal pain occurring in prostitutes, attributed variously to neuralgia of the hypogastric plexus, to salpingitis, or to other inflammatory conditions of the internal genital organs. colicolitis (ko-ll-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the colon due to the action of Bacillus coli. colicoplegia (kol"I-ko-ple'jI-ah) [G. kolikos, colic, + plege, stroke.] Lead poisoning marked by both colic and palsy. col'ic-root. Dioscorea. colicystitis (ko"li-sis-ti'(te')tis) [coli bacillus + cys- titis.] Inflammation of the bladder caused by the Bacillus coli. colicystopyelitls (ko"le-sis''to-pi-«-li'(le')tis). In- flammation of the pelvis of the kidney and the bladder caused by the presence of the colon bacillus. coUform (ko'll-form) [coK-bacillus + L. forma, form.] Resembling the colon bacillus, belonging to the coli-group. co'li-group. A group of allied bacteria, including the typhoid, paratyphoid, and paracolon bacilli, B. psittacosis, and B. coli. co"li-infec'tion. Infection with the colon bacillus. colil'ysin. An hemolysin formed by Bacillus coli. colione (kol'I-an). Colyone. coliplication (ko-ll-pli-ka'shun) [colon + plication.] >LIPLICATION 2IS COLLODIUM i.n operation for reducing the lumen of a dilated olon by making folds or tucks in its walls. puncture (ko-H-pung'chur). Puncture of the olon to relieve gaseous distention, colocentesis. tis (ko-li'(le')tis) [G. kolon + -itis.] Inflamma- ion of the mucous membrane of the colon, mu- ous c, colic myxoneurosis; an affection of the aucous membrane of the coloh, characterized by [lore or less colicky pain, constipation or diarrhea, ometimes alternating, and the passage of slimy iseudomembranous shreds and patches, pseudo- aem'branous c, mucous c. uria (ko-li-u'ri-ah). Colibacilluria. %'mia. CoUemia. laform. Glutoform. ,'agen [G. kolla, glue, + gennao, I produce.] An Ibuminoid present in connective tissue, bone ossein), and cartilage (c/joKd««) ; on boiling with rater it is converted into gelatin. agen'ic. Producing gelatin, noting the tissues ontaining collagen. apse' [L. collabi, to fall together.] i. A con- lition of extreme prostration, similar to shock ,nd due to the same causes, often with the added aoment of a great loss of fluid, as in cholera. 2. !'o fall into a state of profound physical depres- ion. 3. A falling together of the walls of a tructure. purmonary c, post-natal atelectasis. I'ar-bone. Clavicle. lai'gol, coUar'golum. A trade name for colloidal ilver, an allotropic form of silver, soluble in water ; imployed in septic conditions ■ in dose of gr. J 0.02), or hypodermically in doses of 8 to 30 ninims (0.5—2.0) of a 1-200 solution, lat'eral [L. coU, together, + lateralis, relating to he side.] i . Accompanying, running by the side if. 2. Secondary or subordinate. 3. Of indirect, lot lineal, descent or ascent. 4. A secondary or iccessory blood-vessel or nerve accompanying he main stem. c. bun'dle, c. circula'tion, c. m'inence, c. lig'aments, etc., see the nouns. lec'tive [L. collectus: con-, together, + legere, to ;ather.] Relating to a number of individuals aken together or acting in unison, c. fruit, a aass formed of the fruits of several neighboring lowers, like the pineapple or fig. c. investiga'tion, n inquiry into any subject conducted by a ociety or voluntary association, each member of rhich fills up a blank form containing questions elating to the matter under investigation; these nswers are received by a committee whose -duty t is to compare and tabulate them, and to formu- ite deductions and conclusions based upon hem. e'mia, coUae'mia [colloid + G. haima, blood.] "he presence of matter, especially urates, in col- 3id form in the blood. 'les-Beaumte law [See Beaumh.'\ Same as k>lles's* law. 'les's fas'cia [Abraham Colles, Irish surgeon, 773-1843.] The deeper layer of the perineal iscia. C.'s frac'ture, a fracture of the lower end f the radius with displacement of the hand back- ward and outward, an extension fracture; a exion fracture in the same location is sometimes ailed a reversed Colles' fracture. C.'s law, the lother of a syphilitic infant, though she herself as never had any sjTnptoms of the disease, is nmune. C.'s lig'ament, C.'s reflex ligament, gamentum* inguinale reflexum. C.'s space, lie region beneath the perineal fascia which Dntains the bulbous urethra, in the male, the osterior scrotal or labial vessels and nerves, nd certain of the perineal muscles. colliculitis (kol-Iik-u-li'(le')tis) [L. colliculus, mound, + G. -itis.'l Inflammation of the urethra in the region of the verumontanum (colliculus seminalis) . collic'ulus [L. mound, dim. of collis, hill.] In anatomy, a, small elevation above the surround- ing parts. 0. facia'lis, facial hillock, a flat thick portion of the eminentia medialis, just above the strise meduUares in the rhomboidal fossa; it is formed by the internal genu of the facial nerve. c. infe'rior [BNA], inferior hillock, posterior body, testis, the posterior of the quadrigeminal bodies on either side, composed chiefly of gray matter with a white capsule; it is smaller than the c. superior, c. semina'lis [BNA], verumontanum, caput gallinaginis, an elevated portion of the crista urethralis about the center of the pars prostatioa, on either side of which open the pros- tatic ducts, t. supe'rior [BNA], superior hillock, anterior body, natis, the anterior of the quadrigeminal bodies on either side; it consists of four layers or strata named, from above downward, stratum zonale, cinereum, opticum, and lemnisci. c. urethra'lis, c. seminalis. collidine (kol'i-den). A ptomaine obtained from decomposing glue, occurring as an oily colorless liquid, of pleasant odor, but toxic, CsHnN. col'lier's lung. Anthracosis. Collier's tract (kol'yur). The tegmental p'ortion of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. coU'iform. Trade name of a mixture of gelatin and formaldehyde employed in antiseptic dressings. coU'in. The diflfusible form of gelatin, the type of the colloids(3). collinso'ma [Peter Collinson, English botanist, 1694-1768.] Citronella, stonewort, the herb Collinsonia canadensis, astringent, tonic, diuretic, and diaphoretic; employed in eclectic practice in the treatment of clergyman's sore throat, digestive and urinary disorders, and hemorrhoids, in doses of nRio-15 (0.6-1.0) of the specific preparation in syrup or water. collin'sonin. An extract of collinsonia, employed to meet the same indications as the crude drug, in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13—0.2). Collin's os'teoclast (k6-lan') [Collin, instrument maker of Paris, contemporary.] An apparatus for fracturing a bone at any desired point, used in the correction of knock-knee. See cut under osteoclast. coUiquation (koH-kwa'shun) [L. col-, together, -t- liquare, to cause to melt.] i. Excessive dis- charge of fluid. 2. Softening. 3. Wasting away. balloon'ing c, edematous softening followed by liquefaction of the cell protoplasm, retic'ulat- ing c, incomplete ballooning c, in which trabec- ul£e form in the protoplasm connecting the nucleus and cell mantle. colliquative (k6-lik'wa-tiv). Noting a, discharge, liquid in character and excessive in amount, as a c. diarrhea or a c. sweat. coUo'dion. CoUodium. blis'tering c, coUodium cantharidatum. canthar'idal c, coUodium can- tharidatum. contrac'tile c, coUodium. flex'ible c, coUodium flexile, hemostat'ic c, coUodium stypticum styp'tic c, coUodium stypticum. collo'dium [G. holla, glue, -F eidos, appearance.] (U.S. and Br.) Collodion, made by dissolving pyroxylin, or gun-cotton, 40, in ether 750, and alcohol 250; in the B.P. the proportions are 1, 36, and 12, respectively; on evaporation it leaves a glossy contractile film; employed as a protec- tive to cuts or as a vehicle for the local applica- tion of medicinal substances, c. cantharida'tum (U.S.), c. vesicans (Br.), cantharidal coUodion, COLLODIUM 216 COLOCLYSTER blistering collodion, composed of a. powdered chloroform extract of cantharides 60, in flexible collodion 85 ; employed externally as a blistering fluid, c. elas'ticum, c. flexile, c. flex'ile (U.S. and Br.), flexible collodion, made by adding castor oil 30, Canada turpentine 3°. to coUo- dium 920; the B. P. has i castor oil, 3 Canada turpentine, and 48 collodium; used for the same purposes as collodium, over which its film possesses the advantage for certain cases of not contracting, c. haemostat'icum, c. stypticum. c. io'di (N.P.), iodized collodion; a s per cent, solution of iodine in flexible collodion; counter- irritant, c. iodofor'mi (N.F.), iodoform-coUo- dion; a 5 per cent, solution of iodoform in flexible collodion, employed locally, c. salicyl'ici com- pos'itum (N.F.), compound salicylated collo- dion; salicylic acid 11, extract of Indian hemp 2, alcohol 10, flexible collodion to make 100; employed externally for the removal of corns. t. styp'tlcum (N.F.), styptic collodion, styptic colloid, collodium haemostaticum, xylostyptic ether; made of tannic acid 20, in flexible collo- dion 80; employed as an astringent and local hemostatic, c. tig'lii (N.F.), croton-oil collo- dion; a, 10 per cent, solution of croton oil in flexible collodion; counterirritant. c. vesi'cans (Br.), c. cantharidatum. coU'ogen. Collagen. colloid (kol'loyd) [G. kolla, glue, + eidos, appear- ance.] I. Glue-like. 2. A translucent, yellow- ish, homogeneous material of the consistency of glue, less fluid than mucoid or mucinoid, found in the cells and tissues in a state of colloid degenera- tion. 3. A substance such as gelatin (coUin) or the cytoplasm, which, by reason of the size of its molecules, is slowly diffusible 'rather than soluble in water, its hydrates being gelatinous in consist- ence, and is incapable of passing through an ani- mal membrane. 4. Colloidal metal.* am'yl c, anodyne c. an'odyne «., amyl c, amyl hydride and absolute alcohol, each J ounce, aconitine 1 gr., veratrine 6 grs., collodion 2 ounces; used as a local application for neuralgia and muscular pains, t. degenera'tion, see degeneration, c. degen'eTation of the skin, c. milium, hyaloma.* c. solu'tion, dispersoid or emulsoid, an apparent solution of any colloid substance, disper'sion c, dispersoid. emul'sion c, emulsoid, a colloid, solution in which the substance is in the form of exceedingly minute film-covered droplets, infinitely smaller than those of an emulsion, the solution being more or less viscid, hy'- drophile or hydrophil'ic c, emulsion c, emul- soid.* hydrophb'bic c, dispersoid. irrever'- sible c, one which is not again soluble in water after having been dried at ordinary tempera- ture, lyophil'ic i;., emulsion c. lyopho'bic 1;., suspension c. protec'tive c, a c. which has the power of preventing the precipitation of suspension colloids under the influence of an electrolyte, revei'sible c, one which is again soluble in water after having been dried at ordinary temperature, sta'ble c, reversible c. styp'tic c, collodium stypticum. suspen'sion c, suspensoid, a colloid solution in which the particles are solid and have no attraction for the fluid in which they are suspended, unsta'ble c, irreversible c. coUoid'al. Colloid(i). Relating to colloid(2 or 3), coll'oidin. Colloid(2). colloidogen (kol-loy'do-jen). A hypothetical sub- stance assumed to maintain the inorganic con- stituents of the body in colloid solution. collo'ma, pi. collo'maia [G. kolla, glue, 4- -oma.] A cancer which has undergone colloid degenera- tion. coUone'ma, pi. collone'mata [G. holla, glue, + nema, yam.] Myxoma. collopex'ia [L. collum, neck, -f G. pSxis, fixation.] Trachelopexia. coUox'ylin [G. kolla, glue, + xylinos, woody.] Pyroxylin. col'lum [L.] i. The neck. 2. A constricted or neck-like portion of any organ or other anatomi- cal structure, t. anatom'icum, anatomical neck of the humerus, a groove separating the head from the tuberosities, giving attachment to the capsular ligament, c. chirur'gicum, surgical neck of the humerus, the narrowing portion below the head and tuberosities, c. cos'ta [BNA], neck of the rib, the flattened portion of a rib between the head and the tuberosity, c. den'tis [BNA], neck of a tooth, the slightly constricted part of a tooth, between the crown and the root, which is grasped by the gum. t. fem'oris [BNA], neck of the femur, a short strong bar projecting at a more or less obtuse angle (about 125°) from the upper end of the shaft of the femur, and supporting the head. c. glan'dis [BNA], neck of the glans penis, a constriction behind the corona glandis penis. c. hu'meri, neck of the humerus; see c. anatom- icum and c. chirurgicum. c. mandib'uls, neck of the condyloid process of the lower jaw. c. ra'dii [BNA], neck of the radius, the narrow part of the shaft just below the head or capitu- lum c. scap'ulee [BNA], neck of the scapula, a slight constriction marking the division be- tween the head (glenoid cavity and coracoid process) and the body of the scapula, t. ta'li [BNA], a constriction separating the head, or anterior portion, of the astragalus from the body. c. vesi'cs f ell'ese [BNA], neck of the gall- bladder, the narrow portion between the body of the bladder and beginning of the cystic duct. collunarium (kol"lu-na'ri-um) [L. colluere, to rinse, -t- nares, nostrils.] A nose-wash, nasal douche. coUuto'rium [L.] CoUutory, mouth wash, gargle. c. acidi benzo'ici, Miller's coUutory, contains benzoic acid gr. 3, tincture of krameria S^i- peppermint oil and cinnamon oil each njjs, sac- charin gr. 8, in alcohol 3i; used as a mouth wash in the strength of 30 drops (2 . o) in a half tumbler (54) of water. coll'utory [L. colluere, to rinse.] CoUutorium. collyr'ium [G. kollyrion, an eyesalve.] i. An eyewash. 2. A suppository (obsolete). coloboma (kol-o-bo'mah) [G. koloboma, an imper- fection.] Any defect, congenital, pathological, or artificial, especially of the eye. c. lob'uli, con- genital fissure of the lobule of the ear. c. of the cho'rioid, a congenital defect of the chorioid and retina, seen as a white patch (the exposed sclera) usually situated below the optic disc, causing a scotoma in that region, t. of the i'ris, a congeni- tal cleft of the iris, often associated with c. of the chorioid, or the defect resulting from iridectomy. colocentesis (ko"lo-sen-te'sis) [G. kolon, colon, -I- kentesis, puncture.] A puncture of the colon to relieve distention. colocholecystostomy (ko'lo - ko - le - sis - tos'to - ml). Cholecystocolostomy. coloclysis (ko-lok'li-sis) [G. kolon, colon, + klysis, a washing out.] Coloclyster. coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'ter) [G. kolon, colon, -I- klyster, enema.] A high enema; an injection through the rectum into the colon. .OCOLOSTOMY 217 COLOR olostomy (ko-lo-ko-los'to-ml) [G. kolon, colon, holon, colon, + stoma, mouth.] The estab- iment of a communication between two non- itinuous segments of the colon, cynth [G. kolokynthis.] Colocynthis. ynthein (kol-o-sin'the-in). A resinous sub- ince obtained by treating colocynthin with acid. yn'thidis pul'pa (Br.). See colocynthis. yn'thin. A glucoside, CtjH.jOj,, from colo- nth, occurs in the form of an amorphous yellow wder; has been employed hypodermically a purgative in dose of gr. i (o.oi). ;yn'this, gen. colocyn'thidis (U.S.). Colocyn- idis pulpa (Br.), bitter apple, colocynth, the eled dried fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, an herb the sandy shores of the Mediterranean, resem- ing somewhat the watermelon plant; a hy- agogue cathartic in doses of gr, 1-5 (o . 06-0 . 3) ; ' \ L_l_jL_i_I 1 " ^ I • ^ TERiAL Colonies : i . Type of colomes: A, coohleate ; , ameboid; C, rhizoid; D, mycelioid; E, filamentous; curled. 2. Structure of colonies: A, conglomerate; toruloid or toruliform; C, alveolate; D, grumose in inter; E, moruloid; F, clouded; G, reticulate; H, armorated; I, gyrose. 3. Borders of colonies: a, itire; b, undulate; c, repand; d, lobate-lobulate; e, iriculate; f, lacerate; g, fimbriate; h, ciliate; i, erose. 'rem Chester's "A Manual of Determinative Bacten- ogy," The Macmillan Company, Publishers.) le extract is official in U.S., the compound-ex- ■act in U. S. and Br., pilula colocynthidis compo- ta and pilula colocynthidis et hyoscyami in Br. ; also enters into the composition of the com- Dund cathartic and vegetable cathartic pills of le U.S.P. ienteritis (ko-lo-en-ter-i'(e')tis). Enterocolitis. colohepatopexy (ko-lo-hep'a-to-pek"sl) [G. kolon, colon, + hlparQiepat-), liver, + pSxis, fixation.] Attachment of the colon to the liver to form pro- tective adhesions after gall-bladder operations. colom'ba. Calumba. Colom'bo fe'ver [Colombo, the capital of Ceylon.] A mild fever resembling paratyphoid, occurring in Ceylon; see under /e»er. co'lon [G. kolon.] The division of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum. The ascending c. (c. ascendens) runs upward on the right of the abdomen to the under surface of the liver, where, at the hepatic flexure (flexura coli dextra), it becomes transverse (c. transversum.) and crosses the abdomen, beneath the liver and stomach, to the spleen, where, at the splenic flexure (flexura coli sinistra) it turns downward (c. descendens) and descends on the left side of the abdomen to a point opposite the crest of the ilium ; here it makes several turns, roughly resembling the letter S (c. sigmoideum, sigmoid flexure) and terminates in the rectum. <:. ili'acum, the iliac colon, that portion of the sigmoid flexure which lies in the left iliac fossa, c. pelvi'num, pelvic colon, the lower portion of the sigmoid flexure, lying in the pelvis, c. sigmoid'eum [BNA], sigmoid flexure. colonalgia (ko-lon-al'jl-ah) [G. kolon, colon, + algos, pain.] Colic; pain in the colon. Colo'nial Springs, N. Y. Light alkaline-chalybeate waters, employed in renal and cystic disorders. colon'ic. Relating to the colon. colonitis (ko-lon-i'(e')tis). Colitis. colonization (kol"o-m-za'shun) [L. colonia, colony.] Innidiation. colon'oscope. An elongated rectal speculum. colonos'copy [G. kolon, colon, + skopeo, I view.] Inspection of the upper portion of the rectum by means of an elongated speculum. col'ony [L. colonial] One of a number of groups of bacteria growing on a culture medium, each one due to the multiplication of an individual germ. colpoez'ia [G. kolon, colon, + pexis, fixation.] Attachment of a portion of the colon to the ab- dominal wall. colopexos'tomy [G. kohn, colon, + pexis, fixation, -1- stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an arti- ficial anus by opening into the colon after its fixation to the abdominal wall. colopexot'omy [G. kolon, colon, -I- pexis, fixation, + tome, incision.] Incision into the colon after its fixation to the abdominal wall. co'lopexy. Colopexia. corophene. An aromatic colorless oil obtained by the distillation of oil of turpentine with a strong acid. col'ophony [Kolophon, Summit, a town in Ionia.] Rosin, resina.* coloproctitis [G. kolon, colon, -t- proktos, anus (rec- tum), + -itis.] Inflammation of both colon and rectum; proctocolitis. coloproctostomy (ko-lo-prok-tos'to-ml) [G. kolon, colon, + proktos, anus (rectum), -I- 5toma, mouth.] Establishment of a communication between the rectum and a segment of the colon not continuous with it. coloptosia (ko-Iop-to'sl-ah) [G. kolon, colon, + ptosis, a falling.] Downward displacement, or prolapse, of the colon, especially of the trans- verse portion. color (kul'or) [L.] Hue, the quality other than shape and texture which an object presents to the eye. complemen'tary col'ors, two primary colors which, when combined, produce white light, pri'mary c, one of the seven colors com- COLOR 218 COLPOPERINEORRHAPHY posing the solar spectrum; violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. sim'ple c, primary c. absence, achroma, achromia, chanee, metachrosis, metachromatism, metachromasia, achromasia, achro- matosis, albinism, leucopathy. deficiency, hypochromia, disordered perception, chromatodysopia, chromatopsia- chromopsia, dyschromatopsia, color-blindness, achri, tochromasy, daltonism, diversity of, heterochromia, pleochromia, pleochroism. increase, hyperchromatism. hyperchromia, hyperchromatosis. measurement, color- imetry, chromometry, chromatometry. measurement of sense of, chromatoptometry, chromoptometry, chro- moscopy. subjective sensation, phose, chromophose; associated ivith other sensations, chromesthesia, pseudo- geusesthesia, phonopsia, pseudochromesthesia, pseudo- photesthesia, echophotony. col'or-blind"ness. Achromatopsia, daltonism, loss of perception of colors, usually of only one or two of the primary colors (red, green, or blue). colorectitis (ko-lo-rek-ti'(te')tis) [G. kdlon, colon, + L. rectmn + G. -itis^ Coloproctitis, procto- colitis. colorectos'tomy . Coloproctostomy . col'or-hearing. A variety of synesthesia in which a subjective sensation of color is caused by sound; or the reverse, phonopsia. colorim'eter [L. color + G. metron, measure.] Chromatometer. col'or-indez. "Valeur globulaire," C.I., a formula indicating the amount of hemoglobin in each erythrocyte = - in which h stands for the esti- mated percentage of hemoglobin, and c equals the number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter divided by 5,000,000; the average C.I. is about 0.85. col'or-rad"icle. Chromophore, one of the constit- uents of an aniline dye upon which its specific color depends. col'or-taste. A form of synesthesia in which the color-sense and taste are associated, stimulation of either inducing a subjective sensation on the part of the other as well, pseudogeusesthesia. colostomy (ko-Ios'to-ml) [G kdlon, colon, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial anus by an opening into the colon. colostra'tion. Infantile diarrhea attributed to the action of the colostrum. colos'tric. Relating to the colostrum. colostroirhea, colostrorrhoea (ko-los-tror-re'ah) [L. colostrum + G. rhoia, fiow.] An abnormally pro- fuse secretion of colostrum. colos'trous. Relating to colostrum. colostrum (ko-los'trum) [L.] A thin, white, opales- cent fluid, the first milk secreted at the termination of pregnancy; it differs from the milk secreted later in containing more lactalbumin and lacto- protein. c. cor'puscle, one of numerous bodies present in the colostrum ; they are supposed to be modified leucocytes containing fat droplets; galactoblast. colot'omy [G. kdlon, colon, -I- tome, incision.] Incision into the colon . coloty'phoid feVer. Typhoid fever in which there is a special involvement with ulceration of the colon colpatresia (kol-pS-tre'zr-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + atretos, imperforate.] Imperf ora- tion or occlusion of the vagina. colpeuiynter (kol"pu-rin'ter) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -t- euryno, I dilate.] A bag introduced empty into the vagina and then filled with water, used for dilating the canal. colpeurysis (kol-pu'ii-sis). The operation of dilat- ing the vagina. colpitis (kol-pi'(pe')tis) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + -iiis.] Inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the vagina, c. emphysemato'sa, inflam- mation of the vagina in which the mucous mem- brane is studded with small gas-cysts. colpocele (kol'po-sel) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -|- kele, tumor,] Elytrocele ; a hernia or any tumor projecting into the vagina. colpoceliot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + koilia, belly, -f tome, incision.] Abdominal section through the vagina. ■ colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'sis) [G, kolpos, sinus, vagina, -t- kleio, I close.] Operation for obliterating the lumen of the vagina. colpocystitis (kol-po-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + kystis, bladder, -I- -iiis.'\ Inflamma- tion of both vagina and bladder. colpocystocele (kol"po-sis'to-sel) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + kystis, bladder, -I- kele, hernia.] Prolapse of the bladder into the vagina. colpocys'toplasty [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + kystis, bladder, + plasso, I mould.] The opera- tive treatment of vesicovaginal fistula. colpocystosyrinz (kol-po-sis-to-sir'inks). [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -f- kystis, bladder, -+- syrinx, pipe.] Vesicovaginal fistula. colpocystot'omy [G. kolpos, vagina, + kystis, bladder, + tom-e, incision.] Incision into the bladder through the vagina. colpocysto-ureterotomy (kol"po-sis"to-u-re"te-rot'o- ml) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -(- kystis, bladder, + oureter, ureter, + tome, incision.] Incision into the ureter by way of the vagina and the bladder. colpodesmorrhaphy (kol"po-dez-mor'a-fl) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina) , 4- desmos, band + rhaphe, sewing.] Repair of a ruptured vaginal sphincter. colpodynia (kol-po-din'i-ah) [G. kolpos, vagina, -|- odyne, pain.] Neuralgic pain in the vagina, vaginodynia. colpohyperplasia (kol-po-hi"pur-pla'zl-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- hyper, overmuch, + ptosis, a forming.] A condition marked by thickening of the vaginal mucous membrane, c. cys'tica, an infectious form, occurring usually in pregnancy, in which the thickened mucous membrane is studded with retention cysts. 0. emphysemato'sa, v;. cystica in which the fluid in the cysts is partly or wholly replaced by a gas. colpohysterect'omy. Hysterectomy, performed through the vagina. colpohysteropexy (kol-po-his'ter-o-pek-sl) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + hysiera, uterus, -f- pexis, fixa- tion.] An operation for fixation of the uterus, performed through the vagina. colpohysterorrhaphy (kol"po-his"ter-or'a-fI) [G. kol- pos, vagina, + hystera, uterus, + rhaphe, a sew- ing.] Colpohysteropexy. colpohysterot'omy. Incision into the uterus, as for the removal of a fibroma, through the vagina. colpomyco'sis. Inflammation of the vagina caused by the presence of Leptothrix vaginalis. colpomyomectomy (kol-po-mi"o-mek'to-mI) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + myoma + ekiome, ex- cision.] Removal of a myoma of the uterus through the vagina. colpomyomot'omy. Colpomyomectomy. colpop'athy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- pathos, suiifering.] Any disease of the vagina. colpoperine'oplasty [Q kolpos, sinus (vagina), -1- perinaion, perineum, + plasso, I form.] Repair of a rupture of the perineum involving the vagina. colpoperineorrhaphy (kol-po-per-I-ne-or'a-fl) [G. kol- pos, sinus (vagina), -f perinaion, perineum, + rhaphe, sewing.] A plastic operation for restoring )LPOPERINEORRHAPHY COLYONE the integrity of the vagina and perineum in cases jf perineal tears. , 'popexy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + pexis, ixation.] Suture of a relaxed and prolapsed iragina to the abdominal wall. 'poplasty [G. kolpos, vagina, + plassd, I form.] Elytroplasty. popol'ypus [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina).] A poly- pus of the vagina. poptosia (kol-pop-to'sl-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus (va- gina), + ptosis, a falling.] Prolapse of the vaginal walls. porrhagia (kol-p6-ra'jI-ah) [G. kolpos, sinus [vagina), + -rhagia.] Vaginal hemorrhage. por'rhaphy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + rhaphe, i sewing.] Elytrorrhaphy; repair of a rupture 3f the vagina by freshening and suturing the sdges of the tear. porrhez'is [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + rhexis, rupture.] A tearing of the vaginal wall. 'poscope [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + skopeo, [ view.] A vaginal speculum. pospasm (kol'po-spazm) [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + spasfnos, spasm.] Spasmodic contraction of the vaginal wall. posteno'sis [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), + stenosis, aarrowing.] Narrowing of the lumen of the yagina. postenot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Division of a ;olpostenosis, or stricture of the vagina. potherm (kol'po-thurm) [G. kolpos, vagina, + 'herme, heat.] A small electric lamp enclosed in a metal box which is introduced into the vagina :n order to convey heat to the parts. pot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina) + tome, incis- ion.] Elytrotomy, a cutting operation in the vagina. po-ureterocystotomy (kol-po-u-re''ter-o-sis-tot'o- ml). Colpocysto-ureterotomy. po-ureterot'omy [G. kolpos, sinus (vagina), -I- rurlter, ureter, + tome, incision.] Incision into 1 ureter through the vagina. poxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro'sis) [G. kolpos, sinus [vagina), + xerosis, dryness.] Abnormal dryness jf the vaginal mucous membrane. t-ill. A term applied to strangles when affecting ;olts. ts'foot. Tussilago, farfara (N.P.), employed as I popular remedy for cough, false c, asarum, m\A ginger. ' t's-tail. Erigeron. iumbia Springs, N. Y. Saline-sulphureted waters. ''our springs. 'umbin. Calumbin. lumbittm (ko-lum'M-um) [Columbia.] A sup- josed element thought to exist in the mineral lamarskite, symbol Cb, atomic weight 93.5; the Jement niobium was formerly called colum- Mum, hence the symbol of the latter, Cb, is lometimes referred to niobium. um'bo. Calumba. umella (kol-oo-mel'lah) [L. dim. of columna, ;olumn.] i. A column, a small column. 2. in Myxomycetes the continuation of the pedicel n the center. of the capsule, around which the iporangium is developed, c. au'ris, a bone in the !ar of a bird corresponding to the stapes in nammals. c. coch'lea, modiolus, c. for'nicis, me of the pillars of the fornix, c. na'si, the ower margin of the septum nasi. limn (kol'um) [L. columna.] An anatomical )art or structure in the form of a pillar or cylinder; uniculus, fasciculus, ante'rior c, (i, gray) :olumna anterior; (2, white) funiculus anterior. anterolat'eral c, funiculus lateralis. Bertin's c, columna renalis. Burdach's ■ c, fasciculus cuneatus. Clarke's c, nucleus dorsalis. direct' cerebell'ar t., fasciculus cerebellospinalis. dor'- sal t., (1) spinal c; (2) posterior c. Flechsig's c, fasciculus anterior proprius. Goll's c, fasciculus gracilis. Gowers' c, fasciculus antero- lateralis superiicialis. lat'eral c, funiculus lateralis. Morgagni's c, columna rectalis. poste'rior c, (i, gray) columna posterior; (2, white) funiculus posterior, rec'tal c, columna rectalis. re'nal c, columna renalis. respi'ratory c, fasciculus soli- tarius. Rolan'do's c, a slight ridge on either side of the medulla oblongata. Serto'li's c, one of the columnar figures in the testicle formed of aggre- gations of Sertoli's cells, spi'nal c, dorsal c, vertebral c, the line of vertebrae from the pelvis to the head, forming a flexible bony case for the spinal cord. Tuerck's c, fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior, vag'inal c, columna vaginalis, ven'tral c, anterior c. ver'tebral c, spinal c. vesic'ular c, a line of ganglion cells at the inner edge of the columna posterior. colum'na, gen. and pi. colum'na [L.] Column, c. adipo'sa, a rod or line of fatty matter passing up- ward to the hair-follicle from the subcutaneous connective tissue, c. ante'rior [BNA], anterior column, comu anterius, anterior horn, the anterior portion of each gray column of the spinal cord, colum'nae car'neae, trabecute carneae [BNA]. c. for'nicis [BNA], column of the fornix anterior pillar of the fornix, one of two rounded, slightly diverging bundles passing from the anterior portion of the body of the fornix down- ward to the lateral wall of the third ventricle, passing in front of the foramen of Monro, and terminating in the mamillary body. t. gris'ea, gray column, a longitudinal mass of gray matter running through the center of each lateral half of the spinal cord, presenting on cross section a semilunar outline; each lateral column is divided arbitrarily into an anterior and a poste- rior column called, from its appearance on cross section, anterior and posterior comu or. horn. c. latera'lis [BNA], lateral column, cornu laterale, ■ lateral horn; a projection of the gray matter of the spinal cord into the lateral funicu- lus, occurring especially in the thoracic region, between the anterior and posterior columns or liorns opposite the location of the gray commis- sure, c. na'si, the fleshy termination of the septum nasi. c. poste'rior [BNA], posterior column, comu posterius, posterior horn; the posterior portion of each gray column of the spinal cord. c. recta'lis, Morgagni's rectal column, one of a number of vertical ridges in the mucous membrane of the upper half of the anal canal c. rena'lis, Bertin's column, one of the prolonga- tions of cortical- substance separating the pyra- mids of the kidney, c. ruga'rum vagi'nse [BNA], column of the vagina, one of two slight longi- tudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the vaginal mucous membrane, c. vagina'lis, one of the longitudinal ridges or cords in the vaginal mucous membrane, c. vertebra'lis, vertebral or spinal column, spine. columnell'a [dim. of L. columna^ A small column, columella. columnization (kol-um-ni-za'shun). Filling the vagina with a tampon in order to prevent pro- lapse of the uterus. colyone (ko'H-on) [G. kolybn, pres. part, of kolyo, I prevent.] A chemical substance, formed in one organ or part of the body, and carried in the blood COLYONE COMMOTION to another organ or part, the functional activity of which it diminishes or inhibits; the opposite of hormone.* colypeptic (ko-H-pep'tik) [G. kolyd, I hinder, + pepsis, digestion.] Retarding or preventing di- gestion. colyseptic (ko-U-sep'tik) [G. kolyd, I hinder, + sepsis, putrefaction.] Antiseptic, preventing sep- sis or putrefaction. co'ma [G. koma, deep sleep.] A state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused ; it may be due to the action of an ingested poison, such as alcohol or opium, or of one formed in the body, as in uremic or diabetic c, to injury or disease of the brain, as in apoplexy, or to hys- teria, c. carcinomato'sum, c. occurring in the final stage of cancerous cachexia, c. vigil, see vigil. co'matose. In a state of coma. combi'ning pow'er. See under valence, Combre'tum [L. a rush or similar plant.] A genus of tropical plants. C. sunda'icum, jungle plant, anti-opium leaf, is said to have been successfully employed in the treatment of the opium habit. combus'tlble. Capable of rapid combination with oxygen, or of burning. combustion (kom-bus'chun) [L. combustto, from comburere, to bum up.] Burning, the rapid oxi- dation of any substance accompanied with the production of heat and light, slow c, decay sponta'neous c, the ignition of a mass of niaterial by heat developed within it by the oxidation of the substances composing it. Com'by's sign [Jules Cotnby, Parisian pediatrist, •1853.] An early sign of measles, consisting in thin whitish patches on the gums and buccal mucous membrane, formed of degenerated squamous epithelium. com'edo, pi. comedo'nes [L. comedere, to eat up.] Black head, a plug of sebaceous matter, capped with a blackened mass of dust and epithelial debris, filling the mouth of a sebaceous follicle. co'mes, pi. com'iies [L. a companion.] A blood- vessel accompanying another vessel or a nerve; the veins accompanying an artery, often two in number, are called vents comites (ventB comitantes [BNA]). com'frey. Symphytum officinale. com'itans, pi. comitan'tes [L. comitari, to accom- pany.] Comes, vena t. [BNA], one of the veins running parallel with an artery. com'ma-bacil'lus. Spirillum cholerce asiaticiB. com'ma-tract, Schultze's* bundle. commen'sal [L. con, with, together, + mensa, table.] Noting organisms which live together, neither bearing a parasitic relation to the other, without harm or prejudice to either. conunen'salism. Symbiosis, mutualism, the living together of two organisms, neither of which is parasitic on the other, to their mutual ad- vantage. comminuted (kom'I-nu-ted) [L. comminuire, to break in pieces.] Broken into a number of frag- ments, noting especially a fractured bone. comminution (kom-i-nu'shun). A breaking into a number of small fragments. commis'sion [L commissio; commiiiere, to commit.] In insurance the amount paid to an agent who secures, or places the policy; when it is a per- centage on the first premium, it is called a brokerage; when it is a smaller percentage of a stipulated number of subsequent commissions, it is called a renewal commission. commissu'ra, gen. and pi. commissu'rce [L. », joining together, seam.] Commissure, c. ante'rior al'ba anterior white commissure, a narrow band of white substance bordering on the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord in front of the anterior gray commissure, t. ante'rior cer'ebri, anterior commissure of the cerebrum, a white bundle cross- ing in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, from side to side between the two thalami in f font of the columnae (anterior pillars) of the fornix, c. ante'- rior gris'ea, anterior gray commissure, the portion of the gray commissure lying in front of the central canal, between it and the anterior white commissure, c. arcua'ta, c. inferior, c. basa'lis, c. superior, t. cine'rea, c. grisea. c. gris'ea,, gray commissure, massa* intermedia [BNA]. c. habenula'rum, commissure of the habenulse, the decussation of fibers of the two striae mediillares, forming the dorsal portion of the habenula or peduncle of the pineal body. c. hippocam'pi [BNA], commissure of the hippocampus, lyra, psalterium, a small triangular space between the diverging crura of the fornix, occupied by a thin lamina of transverse fibers usually closely ad- herent to the under surface of the corpus callosimi. c. infe'rior, inferior commissure, commissure of V. Gudden, a transverse fiber tract in the tuber cinereum just behind the optic chiasm, c. labio'rum, junction of the lips, angle of the mouth. c. labio'ruin ante'rior, the junction of the labia majora anteriorly at the mons pubis, c. labio'- rum poste'rior, a slight fold uniting the labia majora posteriorly in front of the anus. c. mag'na, corpus callosum. c. me'dia, middle commissure, massa* intermedia [BNA]. c. mol'lis, soft commissure, massa* intermedia [BNA]. c. oliva'rum, fibers connecting the two olivary bodies, c. op'tica, chiasma opticum. c. palpebra'rum latera'lis [BNA], lateral palpebral commissure, external canthus, the outer extrem- ity of the rima palpebrarum, or slit between the eyelids, c. palpebra'rum media'lis [BNA], me- dial palpebral commissure, internal canthus, inner extremity of the rima palpebrarum, c. poste'rior cer'ebri, posterior cerebral commissure, a thin band of white matter, crossing from side to side beneath the habenula of the pineal body and overlying the aditus ad aquseductum cerebri. c. poste'rior, c. poste'rior gris'ea, posterior com- missure, posterior gray commissure, the portion of the gray commissure of the spinal cord lying posterior to the central canal, c. supe'rior, superior commissure, commissure of Mejmert, a large transverse fiber tract in the upper part of the tuber cinereum. c. yentra'lis al'ba, c. anterior alba. commissu'ral. Relating to a commissure. commissure (kom'I-shur). i. A cranial suture, s. Angle or comer of the eye, lips, or labia. 3. A bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other in the brain or spinal cord ; see commissura. Comm'onwealth Mineral Springs, Mass. Light alkaline-carbonated waters, 48° P. One spring. Gastric, hepatic, renal, and hemic disturbances. commotio (kfi-mo'shyo) [L. comnwvere, to agitate.] Concussion, u. cer'ebri, concussion of the brain, a disturbance of the brain tissue caused by a blow on the head or a. violent shaking, marked by nausea and vertigo followed by coma, with slow respiration and weak pulse, c. ret'inse, a disturbance in retinal function, i.e. of vision, following a blow on the eyeball or a violent shak- ing of the head. commotion (kom-mo'shun) [L. commotio.] Con- cussion; the group of symptoms (tending to AMOTION 221 COMPOUND ncope, pallor, weak pulse) sometimes seen Uowing heavy blows on the head, possibly due molecular changes, in the absence of any ap- eciable lesion. mu'nicans [L. communicating.] One of a, imber of nerves ; see under nervus, munis (kfi-mu'nis) [L. common.] Conmion, re- ting to more than one ; noting a number of ana- mical structures. mutator (kom'u-ta-tor) i. An appliance by tiich the direction of an electric current is re- used. 2. An appliance whereby the strength an electric current is increased or diminished. pact' [L. compactus, joined together.] Closely impressed, solid, dense. par'ascope. A microscope accessory enabling le observer to compare two different slides. patibil'ity. The condition of being compatible. patible (kom-pat'i-bl) [L. con-, with, + pati, to lifer, + habilis, fit.] Capable of being mixed ithout undergoing destructive chemical change ■ acting in therapeutic antagonism; said of the ements in a properly constructed pharmaceutical ixture. pensa'tion [L. compensate, to weigh together, )unterbalance.] The supplying of a deficiency; le making up in one part for a loss in another, pecifically, the maintenance of the circulation, 1 cases of cardiac valvular defect, by hypertro- by with resulting increased force of the contrac- ons of the heart muscle. pen'satory. Giving compensation, coimterbal- icing a defect. plaint (kom-planf). A malady or disease, specially a chronic disease. /plement [L. complementum, that which com- letes.] According to Ehrlich 's side-chain theory, le thermolabile substance in normal serum hich is destructive to bacteria and other cells ith which it is brought in contact by means of le amboceptor; it is composed of two molecular roups : the toxophore or zymophore group, which the toxic substance, and the kaptophore group y which it unites with the amboceptor. It is called ;so addiment, alexin, cytase, and end-body, de- ec'tion of the c, devia'tion of the c, diver'sion I the c, the fixation of complement in a serum by 1 antigen-antibody combination whereby it is indered unavailable to complete a reaction in a icond antigen-antibody combination for which implement is necessary; see Bordet*-Gengou, ■eisser*-Wechsberg, and the Wassermann* re- :tion. dominant c, the one of several different implements united to a pluriceptor which exerts le specific action, fixa'tion of the c, deflection [ the c. non-dom'jnant c, any one of the iveral complements united to a pluriceptor ■hich is not essential to the lytic action, sub- r'dinate c, non-dominant c. iplemen'tal, complemen'tary. Supplying a loss r deficiency. I'plemented. United with complement and there- ire active, noting interbodies or amboceptors. Lplementoid (kom-ple-men'toyd) [complement + r. eidos, resemblance.] A complement which as lost its zjrmotoxic group while retaining its aptophore group; it can therefore still combine ith the injmune body and can excite the produc- ion of anticomplements, but has lost its solvent r digestive action. iplemen'tophil, complemen'tophile [complement h G. pMlos, fond.] Having an affinity tor com- lement, noting the atom group in the ambo- eptor which unites with the complement. completion (kom-ple'shun). Union of antibodies or amboceptors with complement. com'plex [L. complexus, woven together, infolded, surrounded.] i . Anything made up of a number of related parts, noting especially the aggregate of symptoms associated with a certain morbid condition, a syndrome, a symptom-complex. 2. In psychology, all the ideas, feelings, impres- sions, etc., associated with a given subject. 3. Specifically, in psychoanalysis, an idea or group of ideas associated with a tone of un- pleasantness which tends to keep it out of consciousness. 4. Intricate, complicated, father t., Electra* complex, mother c, CEdipus* complex. complexion (kom-plek'shun). ±. The color and general condition of the skin, especially the skin of the face. 2. Temperament (obsolete). complez'us [L. embracing, encircling.] Musculus semispinalis capitis. com'plicated [L. com-, with, -t- plicare, to fold.] Complex, confused; noting a disease with which another has become associated, altering or exaggerating its symptoms and modifying its course. complica'tion [L. compUcare, to fold up.] A morbid process, occurring in the course of a disease, which is not an essential phenomenon of that disease; it maybe an occasional or unusual result of the primary disease or may arise from entirely independent causes. Compos'its [L. compositus, composite.] A very large order of gamopetalous dicotyledonous plantsi the inflorescence is a capitulimi, the fruit an achene. composition (kom-po-zish'im) [L. componere, to arrange.] In chemistry, the kind and number of atoms constituting the molecule of any substance. c. pow'der, pulvis myricae compositus, compound powder of bayberry; bay berry root 60, ginger 30, capsicum and cloves each 5; carminative and stimulant in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). com'pos men'tls [L. possessed of one's mind.] Of sound mind, sane. compound'. To put together the ingredients of a remedy, according to the directions in a prescrip- tion or formida. com'pound. 1. In chemistry a substance formed by the intimate chemical union of two or more elements, often differing entirely in physical characteristics from any of its components, a. In pharmacy noting a preparation containing several ingredients as distinguished from one of the same name containing only one or a few 3. Not simple, made up of two or more parts. acy'clic c, open-chain* c. addi'tion c, a c. formed by the direct addition of an element or a radical to an existing c.,and not by its substitution for an element or radical already present, ali- phat'ic c, open-chain* c. aromat'ic c, closed- chain* c. bi'nary c, a t. of two elements, an element and a radical, or two radicals, closed- chain c, see under chain, condensa'tion c, a complex c. restdting from the reaction of two more simple substances, with the splitting oil of some other substance, such as alcohol or water. con'jugated c, one formed by the union of two compounds and preserving more or less of the properties or characteristics of both, cy'clic c, closed -chain* c. fat'ty c, open-chain* c. o'pen- chain c, see under chain, organ'ic c, any c. containing carbon, and usually hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen as well, sat'urated c, one the valences of all the constituents of which are satis- COMPOUND CONCUSSIO] fied. substitu'tlon t., one formed by the substi- tution of a new element or radical for one already- present. com'press. A pad of gauze or other material bandaged over a part where it is desired to make compression, grad'uated c, one made of layers of cloth in such a way that it is thickest in the center, becoming thinner toward the periphery. compression (kom-presh'un) [L. comprimere, to press together.] A squeezing together, the exer- tion of pressure on a body in such a way as to tend to increase its density, cer'ebral c, c. of the brain, a condition in which pressure is put upon the intracranial tissues by an effusion of blood, increase of cerebrospinal fluid, an abscess or neoplasm, or a depressed fracture of the skull. compress'or. i. A muscle contraction of which causes compression of any structure; see under musculus. 2. An instrument for making pressure on a part, especially on an artery to prevent loss of blood. compresso'rium. Compressor(2). ComptD'nia [Henry Compton, Bishop of London, 1632-1713.] Myrica. C. asplenifo'lia, Myrica asplenifolia, sweet fern.* compulsion (kom-pul'shun) [L. compellere, to urge.] In psychology, a sudden overpowering impulse to the commission of some act against the person's will. cona'rial. Relating to the conarium or pineal body. cona'rium [G. konarion (dim. of konos, cone), the pineal body.] Epiphysis cerebri, pineal gland or body, corpus* pineale [BNA]. ■ concatenate (kon-kat'e-nat) [L concatenare, to link or chain together.] Noting the arrangement of a number of bodies or structures, enlarged lymph glands for example, in a row like the links of a chain. Concato's disease' (kon-kah'to) [Luigi Maria Con- cato, Italian physician, 1825-1882.] Polyorrho- meningitis. concave (kon'kav) [L. concavus, arched or vaulted) Having a spherically hollowed surface. concav'ity. A hollow or depression, with more or less evenly curved sides, on any surface. conca"vocon'cave. Concave on two opposing sur- faces. conca"vocon'vex. Concave on one surface and convex on the opposite surface. concentration (kon"sen-tra'shun) [L. con{cum), bringing together, + centrum, center.] i. A preparation made by extracting a crude drug, pre- cipitating from the solution, and drying ; resinoid. 2. Increasing the strength of a fluid by evapora- tion. 3. Fixed attention of the mind upon a special subject. concen'tric [L. con, together, + centrum, center.] Having a common center, noting two or more spheres, circles, or segments of circles, or bodies approaching these figures in shape. con'cept [L. conceptum, something devised or under- stood.] An abstract idea or notion. conceptacle (kon-sep'ta-kl) [L. conceptaculum: con- cipere, to contain.] In botany, a cavity on the surface of the phallus of a cryptogam, in which spores are produced. concep'tion [L. conceptio.] x Concept, a. The act of forming a general idea or notion. 3. The act of conceiving, or becoming pregnant, imper'a- tive c, a concept which does not arise from as- sociation but appears spontaneously and refuses to be banished; obsession. conceptive (kon-sep'tiv) [L. conceptivus, from con- cipere, to conceive.] Capable of conceiving. concha (kong'kah) [L. a shell.] In anatomy, structure comparable to a shell in shape, as tt auricle or pinna of the ear or a turbinated bor in the nose; see the subtitles, c. auric'ulae, tt large hollow, or floor of the auricle, between tt anterior portion of the helix and the antiheli: it is divided by the cms of the helix into tl: cymba above and the cavum below, c. bullo'si a cystic expansion of the turbinated bone especially the middle turbinate, occurring i chronic rhinitis, c. nasa'lis infe'rior, inferic turbinated bone; a, thin spongy bony plate wit curved margins, on the outer wall of the lows part of the nasal fossa, separating the middl from the inferior meatus; it articulates with ti ethmoid, lacrymal, superior maxillary, an palate bones, c. nasa'lis me'dia, middle turb: nated bone; the lower and larger of two bon plates with up-curved margins, projecting froi the inner wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth; : separates the superior from the middle meatus c the nose. c. nasa'lis supe'rior, superior turb; nated bone; the upper of the bony plates wit up-curved margins, projecting from the inm wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth; it forms th upper boundary of the superior meatus of th nose. c. nasa'lis supre'ma, supreme or highes or fourth turbinated bone, c. Santorini; th posterior portion of the c. superior, when una1 tached. c. Santori'ni, c. nasalis suprema. ( sphenoida'lis [BNA], sphenoidal i;., sphenoids turbinated bone. conchinine (kong'kin-en). Conquinine, quinidine* conchitis (kong-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of an concha. conchoidal (kong-koydal). Shaped like a shell having alternate convexities and concavitie on the surface. conchoscope (kong'ko-skop) [L. concha + G. skopei I view.] A form of nasal speculum. conchotome (kong'ko-tom) [L. concha, turbinate bone, + G. tom-e, incision.] A knife used in re moving the whole or a part of a turbinated bodj concoc'tion [L. con-, together, -t- coquere, to cook 1 . Digestion. -^ . A mixture of various solution! 3. Abscess formation (obsolete). concom'itant [L. concomitare, to accompany Accompanying; occurring at the same timf accessory. con'crement [L. concrescere, to grow together A concretion; a deposit of calcareous materis in a part. concrescence (kon-kres'ens) [L. con-, together, - crescere, to grow.] 1. Coalescence, the growin together of originally separate parts. 2. In protc zoology or cytology, conjugation. 3. In dentistry the union of the roots of a tooth or of two adJE cent teeth by an outgrowth of cementum; concrete (kon-kref). Hardened, solidified into mass. concretion (kon-kre'shun) [L. concrescere, to gro together.] i. A solidified or hardened masi composed of foreign material or produced b inspissation of matter normal to the part; calculus. 2. An adhesion or an intimate grov ing together of two parts. 3. The process ( calculus formation. 4. The process of adhesioi coalescence. concussion (kon-kush'un) [L. concuiere, to shal together.] i. A violent shaking or jarring. An injury of a soft structure, as the brain, resul' ing from a blow or violent shaking; commoti cer'ebral c, c. of the brain, commotio cerebi c. of the ret'ina, commotio retinae, spi'nal c NCUSSION 223 CONFECTIO , of the spine, an injury of the spinal cord caused y a violent jarring, marked by neurasthenic Srmptoms, muscular atrophy, and central and eripheral pains ; railway spine. cuss'oT. A hammer-like instrument for tapping le parts as a form of massage. densation (kon-den-sa'shun) [L. con-, together, + ensare, to make thick.] i. Compression, mak- ig more solid or dense. 2. The change of a gas 3 a liquid, or of a liquid to a solid. 3. In sychoanalysis a process of energy-sparing by taking one symbol stand for a number of others. . Making one part of a word do double service, as lco(hol)iday. den'ser. i. An apparatus for reducing a gas D a liqmd, or a liquid to a solid. 2. Abba's* ondenser. 3. An apparatus for the accumula- ion of electricity, such as the Leyden jar or any f its modifications. 'dom [Conton, the inventor, said to have been London physician of the eighteenth century.] L glove of rubber, gold-beater's skin, or similar iibstance for the penis, for use in the prevention f infection or of conception during coitus. duc'tance. Conductivity. duc'tion [L. conducere, to lead, conduct.] i. "he act of transmitting or conveying certain Drms of motion, such as heat, sound, or electricity rom one point to another, without evident novement in the conducting body. 2. The ransmission of stimuli of various sorts by living irotoplasm,. air c, the normal passage of sound raves through the external auditory meatus. .v'alanche c, the discharge of an impulse from a leurone into a large number of neurones of the ame physiological system, thus producing the tberation of a very large amount of nervous nergy by a given stimulus, bone c, the passage if sound waves through the bones of the head, to he internal ear. osteotym'panal u., bone c. iductiv'ity [L. conducere, to lead, conduct.] :. The power of transmission or conveyance of lertain forms of motion, as heat, sound, and ilectricity, without perceptible motion in the londucting body. 2. The property, inherent n living protoplasm, of transmitting stimuli. iduc'tor. I. A probe or sound with a groove hrough which a knife is passed in slitting open I sinus or fistula; a grooved director. 2. Any ubstance possessing conductivity, idu'plicate [L. con-, with, -(- duplicare, to double.] 'olded upon itself lengthwise. iduran'go (N.F.). ^ The bark of Gonolobus con- iurango, Marsdenia condurango, a shrub of Jcuador and Peru; alterative and at one time I reputed specific for cancer, especially cancer )f the stomach, in doses ot gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0), )r 5 1 {4,0) of the N.F. fluidextract. I'dy's flu'id [Henry Bollmann Candy, English jhysician, nineteenth century.] A disinfectant ;omposed of potassium permanganate, gr. 15 |i.o), in water, 5 16 (500.0). i'dylar. Relating to a condyle. i"dylarthro'sis [G. kondylos, condyle, + arthrosis I jointing.] A joint, like that of the knee, formed 3y condylar surfaces. idyle (kon'dil) [G. kondylos, knuckle.] A rounded ixticular surface at the extremity of a long bone, see condylus and epicondylus. idylec'tomy [G. kondylos, condyle, -)- ektome. ixcision.] The cutting away of a condyle. idylion (kon-dil'I-on) [dim. of G. kondylos, con- iyle.] A point on the outer (lateral) or inner [medial) surface of the condyle of the mandible. con'dyloid [G. kondylos, condyle, -I- eidos, resem- blance.] Relating to or resembling a condyle. condylo'ma, pi. condylo'mata [G. kondyloma, a knob.] A wart-like excrescence at the anus or vulva, or on the glans penis, c. acumina'tum, a projecting warty growth on the external genitals or at the anus, consisting of fibrous overgrowths covered by thickened epithelium, usually produced by the, irritating ■ discharges in chronic venereal disease; pointed or venereal wart, verruca acu- minata, cauliflower excrescence, c. la'tum, pi. condylo'mata la'ta, a syphilitic eruption of fiat- topped papules, occurring in groups covered by a necrotic layer of epithelial detritus, and secreting a seropurulent fluid; they are found at the anus and wherever contiguous folds of skin produce heat and moisture, c. subcuta'neum, moUuscum contagiosum. flat c, c. latum, pointed u., u. acuminatum. condylo'matous. Relating to a condyloma. condylot'omy [G. kondylos, condyle, -I- tome, inci- sion.] Division through, without removal of, a condyle. con'dylus. Condyle, c. latera'lis [BNA], lateral condyle, (o) outer condyle of the femur; (6) external tuberosity of the tibia, c. media'lis [BNA], medial condyle, (a) inner condyle of the femur; (6) internal tuberosity of the tibia, c. occipita'lis [BNA], occipital condyle, one of two elongated oval facets on the under surface of the occipital bone, one on each side of the foramen magnum, which articulate with the atlas. cone [G. konos, a peg.] i. A figure having a cir- cular base with sides inclined so as to meet at a point above. 2. One of the flask-shaped figures Conarium or pineal body. 4. The mechanical element of a tooth crown, cusp. c. of light, a bright area seen on inspection of the membrana tympani; it is triangular in shape, extending downward from the umbo, fertiliza'tion c, a protuberance of the cytoplasm of the ovum at the point where the effective spermatozoon is attached, implanta'tion u., the wedge-shaped origin of a neuraxon from the cell body of the neuron, oc'ular c, the cone of light in the interior of the eyeball formed by the rays en- tering through the pupil and focussed on the retina. Conel'lan-King diplococ'cus [John J. Conellan, New York bacteriologist, contemporary; James Joseph King, New York physician, *i882.] A gram-negative diplococcus found in the tonsillar crypts in certain cases of arthritis. cone-nose (kon'nSz). Conorhinus. cones'si. The bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica, an Indian tree, employed as an astringent and in the treatment of dysentery. con'essine. An alkaloid, CjjH^Nj, the active principle of conessi; a yellowish powder, anthel- mintic and astringent. confabula'tion [L. confabulari, to talk together; fabula, fable.] The making up of tales and recitals and a readiness to give a fluent answer, with no regard whatever to facts, to any question put ; a symptom of presbyophrenia. confectio, gen. confeciio'nis, pi confectio'nes (kon- fek'shyo) [L. con, together, + facere, to make. Confection, conserve, electuary, a pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a drug mixed with honey or syrup; a soft solid, sometimes used as an excipient for pill-masses, t. amyg'dalse, pulvis amygdalae compositus. c. aromat'ica, pulvis cretae aromaticus. u. guai'aci compos'ita. GONFECTIO 234 CONIUM guaiac 2, sublimed sulphur 3, magnesium car- bonate 2, ginger i, molasses 12; a popular English remedy for gouty and "rheumatic" conditions, c. pi'peris (Br.), confection of pepper, composed of black pepper 2, powdered caraway 3, clarified honey 15; has been em- ployed in the treatment of rectal disorders in doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0). c. ro'sse (N.F.), c. ro'ssB gal'licsB (Br.), confection of rose, made of powdered red rose leaves 8, sugar 64, clarified honey 12, stronger rose water 16; used as an excipient. c. sen'nee (N.F. and Br.), confection of senna, composed of senna 10, cassia 16, tam- arind 10, prune 7, fig 12, sugar 55.5, oil of cori- ander 0.5; laxative in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). c. sul'phuris (Br.), confection of sulphur, elec- tuary of sulphur, composed of sublimed sulphur 4 ounces, acid potassium tartrate i ounce, traga- canth 18 grains, syrup 2 fluidounces, tincture of orange 1 fluidounoe, glycerin ij fluidounces; lax- ative in doses of ^1—2 (4,0-8.0). confection (kon-fek'shun). Confectio. confertus (kon-fur'tus) [L. conferre, to bring to- gether.] Arranged closely together; confluent, coalescing. confine'ment. Lying-in, giving birth to a child. confluens sinuum (kon'flu-ens sin'u-um) [L. con- fluence of the sinuses.] [BNA] Torcular Hero- phUi, a meeting-place, at the internal occipital protuberance, of the superior sagittal, straight, occipital, and two transverse sinuses of the dura mater. con'fluent [L. confiuere, to run together.] 1. Join- ing, running together; noting certain skin lesions which become merged, forming a patch; noting a disease characterized by lesions which are not discrete, or distinct one from the other. 2. Noting a bone formed by the blending together of two originally distinct bones. con'formator [L. con-, together, + forma, form.] An apparatus used by hatters for getting the shape of the head, and employed for the same purpose by anthropologists. confrontation (kon"f run- ta 'shun). The examina- tion together of two persons, one with a disease, such as syphilis, the other presumably the person from whom the disease was contracted cong. Abbreviation for congius, a, gallon. congela'tion [L. con-, together, + gelare, to freeze.] I. Freezing. 2. A frostbite. congen'erous [L. con-, with, -I- genus, race.] Having the same function, noting certain muscles which are synergistic. congen'ital [L. congenitus, bom with.] Existing at birth, referring to certain mental or physical traits or peculiarities, diseases, etc. Congenital is distinguished from inborn in that it is inclusive for that which is congenital may be something existing from the ovum or acquired at the mo- ment of birth ; that which is inborn, on the other hand, is something engrafted upon the mind or body during the process of development. An infective disease may be congenital, but not inborn; a vice of metabolism is inborn, being a true developmental error, something acquired during the process of development, and not originating in intrauterine disease or injury. conges'ted. Containing an abnormal amount of blood; in a state of congestion. congestine (kon-jes'ten) . One of two antagonistic poisonous principles, the other being thalassin, isolated from Anemone scuUatus; it causes itch- ing, intense burning, pnd ulceration of the skin. congestion (kon-jes'chiin) [L. congerere, to heap up.] The presence of an abnormal amount of blood in the vessels of a part, due either to increased afflux or to an obstruction to the return flow, ac'tive c, hyperemia, an increased flow of arterial blood to a part, func'tional c, hyperemia occurring during functional activity of an organ, hypostat'ic c, c. due to gravitation of venous blood to a depend- ent part in cases in which the circulation is feeble. pass'ive c, c. due to partial stagnation of blood in the capillaries and venules in consequence of obstruction to the retiim flow, physiolog'ical c, functional c. conges'tive. Relating to congestion. con'gius, pi. con'gii [L.] A gallon. conglo'bate [L. con-, together, H- globare, to make round.] In a single mass, noting the lymph glands, as distinguished from variously shaped secreting glands. conglom'erate [L. con-, together, -F glomerare, to make into a ball.] Composed of several parts aggregated into one mass ; noting (a) certain large compound glands, (b) a plate culture with a group of similar colonies lying close together; see cut imder colony, 2, A. conglu'tin. A protein, contained in almonds and various seeds, resembling casein. conglu'tinant [L. conglutinare, to glue together.] Adhesive, promoting the union of the lips of a wound. conglutination (kon-glu-tin-a'shtm) [L. conglutinare, to glue together.] i. Adhesion, coalescence. 2. A reaction resembling agglutination, in which clumping of ox corpuscles occurs upon the ad- dition of immune rabbit serum and fresh ox serum;' the same occurs in the case of corpuscles of other animals, and there is also a bacterial conglutination. conglutinin (kon-glu'tin-in). The substance in ox serum and other serum which brings about the reaction termed conglutination; it is non-specific, is fixed only in the presence of alexinized and sen- sitized antigen, and is readily precipitated. Congo-red (kong'go-red). A coal-tar dye obtained from benzidine; used as a test for hydrochloric acid which turns it blue. Congo-root. The root of Psoralea melitotoides, a plant in the southeastern United States; used as an aromatic bitter tonic. CO(HH2)2. Urea, carbamide. conhydrine (kon-hi'dren). An alkaloid, CgHnNO, obtained from conium; also called oxyconiine. co'nl. Plural of conus. conid'ia. Plural of conidium. conid'ial. Relating to a conidium. conidiophore (kon-id'i-o-for) [G. phoros, bearer.] The mycelial stalk of a fungus which bears conidia. conidiospore (kon-id'I-o-sp5r) [conidium -t- G. sporos, seed.] Conidium. conid'ium, pi. conid'ia [G. konidion, dim. of konis, dust.] A non-sexual unenclosed or walled spore, or exospore, of certain fungi, produced asexually. coniine (ko'ne-en). The active principle, C,H„N, of conium; a colorless, odorless fluid; coniine hydrobromide, a crystalline powder, has been employed in doses of gr. yj^p-^ (0.0006-0.003). Conine (ko'nSn). Coniine. coniology (kon-l-ol'o-jl) [G. konis, dust, + -logia.] The science which treats of dust and of its effects. conio'sis [G. konis, dust.] Any disease or morbid condition caused by dust. coni'um [G. koneion, hemlock.] (N.F.) Conii fructus (Br.), the dried unripe fruit of Conium CONIUM 22S CONQUININE maculatum, poison hemlock, spotted cowbane, poison or spotted parsley; the leaves, conii folia, are also official in B.P. Employed as a sedative, antispasmodic, and anodyne in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0.2). The fluidextract is official in U.S., the tincture and the juice (succus) in Br. conjugata (kon-ju-gah'tah) [L. fem. of conjugatus, joined together.] [BNA] Conjugate, or antero- posterior, diameter of the pelvis. conjugate (kon'ju-gat) [L. conjugatus, joined to- gether.] 1. Joined, paired. 2. The antero-pos- terior, pr sacropubic, diameter of the pelvic in- let; c. diameter, c. devia'tion of the eyes, a con- dition in which both eyes are turned to the same side as a result of either paralysis or muscular spasm, t. diam'eter, same as conjugate (2). t. fo'ci, in optics two points so situated in relation to each other that a ray from one, when refracted or reflected, strikes the other, c. fora'men, a foramen formed by the notches of two bones in apposition, c. of the in'let, same as con- jugate (2). c. of the out'let, the distance from the tip of the coccyx to the lower edge of the symphysis pubis; see obstetrical c. of the outlet. lUag'onal c, the distance frpm the promon- tory of the sacrum to the lower edge of the symphysis pubis, effec'tive c, the internal c. measured from the nearest lumbar vertebra to the symphysis, in spondylolisthesis, exter'nal c, Baudelocque 's diameter, the distance in a straight line between the depression under the last spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae and the upper edge of the sj^nphysis pubis, false c, (i) a line drawn from the promontory of the sacrum to the lower margin of the symphysis ; (2) effective c. inter'nal c, the distance from the promontory of the sacrum to the upper edge of the symphysis pubis, obstet'rical c. of the out'let, the c. of the outlet lengthened by the backward displace- ment of the coccyx. conjuga'tion [L. conjugare, to join together.] The sexual union or fusion of two cells, with partition of the chromatin and subsequent division into two new cells. conjuncti'va [L. fem. of conjunciivus, from con- jungere, to connect; sc. tunica, coat.] The mucous membrane, covering the anterior surface of the eyeball {tunica conjunctiva bulbi, ocular c.) and lining the lids {tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum, palpebral c). adhesion of opposing surfaces, symblepharon. atrophy xerophthalmia, bleeding from, opthalmorrhagia- dryness, xerophthalmia, xerosis conjunctivae, sclero- ophthalmia. edema, chemosis,_ ophthalmedema growth on, pterygium, pannus. inflammation, con- junctivitis, ophthalmia, ophthalmitis, pink-ej^e, oph- thalmopyra, ophthalmopyorrhea, pyophthalmia, pyo- phthalmitis, blennophthalmia, ophthalmoblennorrhea , granular lids, trachoma, junction of tarsal and bulbar , fomix. of eyeball, c. bulbi. of lids, c. tarsi, c. palpe- brarum, pigmentation, ophthalmomelanosjs, sider- osis conjunctiva, argyria conjunctivae, scrapmg, ophthalmoxysis. tumor, pinguicula. conjunc'tival. Relating to the conjunctiva, c- reac'tion, a slight injection of the conjunctiva, in a person suffering from an infective disease, caused by the instillation of a dilute solution of the toxins of the same disease ; called also ophthal- ■ mo-reaction, Wolff-Eisner reaction, Calmette reaction, c. test, c. reaction. conjunc'tive. Joining, connecting, connective, c. t^'sue, connective* tissue. conjunctivitis (kon-jung-tl-vi'(ve')tis). Inflamma- tion of the conjunctiva, acute' conta'gious c, acute' epidem'ic c, pink-eye, an acute mucopuru- lent conjunctivitis of epidemic type, due to the IS presence of the Koch- Weeks bacillus, an'gular c, c. due to the presence of the diplobacillus of Morax-Axenfeld, the redness being usually most marked at the commissures, crou'poiis t., acute c. with membranous exudation without inffitration of the underlying conjunctiva. diphtherit'ic c, an acute c, with exudation and infiltration of the conjunctiva, follic'ular c, c. associated with the presence of granules of ade- noid tissue on the inner surface of the lower lid. gran'ular c, granular lids, trachoma*, in'fantile pu'rulent t., ophthalmia neonatorum, mem'- branous c, an acute c. with the formation of a false membrane, with or without infiltration of the underlying conjunctiva, c. petrif'icans, an affec- tion marked by deposits of organic lime salts, in the form of yellowish white, slightly elevated plaques on the palpebral conjunctiva, phlycten'ular c, a circumscribed u. accompanied by the formation of small red nodules of lymphoid tissue (phlyc- teuulae) on the conjunctiva, prai'rie c, a chronic c, characterized by the presence of small white spots on the palpebral conjunctiva, especially of the lower lid. pu'rulent c, c. with an abundant purulent discharge, usually gonorrheal in origin. pus'tular c, phlyctenular c. spring c, vernal c. ver'nal c, a chronic c. beginning in the spring and continuing during the warm weather, to disappear with the advent of cold weather. conjunctivo'ma. A homeoplastic tumor of the conjunctiva. connec'tive [L. connectere, to bind together.] i. Connecting, joining. 2. Anything which con- nects. 3. A nerve fibril uniting two ganglia. u. tis'sue, the general supporting or uniting tissue of the body, formed of altered cells, with flattened nucleus, drawn out into long flbrils. c. tis'sue group, a collective name for mucous tissue, den- tine, bone, cartilage, and ordinary c. tissue. connecti'vum, A connective tissue; one of the connective-tissue group. Cozmell's suture [F. Gregory Connell, American surgeon, *i864.] 1. An intestinal suture for end- to-end anastomosis; the serous surfaces are ap- posed, the needle is passed through both in one thrust and back again, and the thread is tied on the inside of the bowel. 2. A mattress suture; see cut under suture. Connell'an-Eing diplococ'cus [John J. Connellan, James Joseph King (*i882). New York physi- cians.] A diplococcus found in the crypts of the tonsils in cases of tonsillitis with signs of constitutional infection. co'noid [G. konos, cone, + eidos, appearance.] Resembling a cone, cone-shaped, c. lig'ament, ligamentum conoideum. c. tu'bercle, tuberositas coracoidea. conomyoidin (ko-no-mi'oy-din) [G. konos, cone, -t- mys{,myo-), muscle, -t- eidos, resemblance.] Con- tractile protoplasm in the retinal cones. Conoph'olis america'na [G. konos, cone, + pholis, scale.] A scaly fleshy plant usually parasitic on the root of the oak; squaw-root, cancer-root. Conorhi'nus [G. konos, cone, -I- rhis{rhin-), nose.] A genus of Hemiptera, the cone-noses. C. megis'tus, Lamus megistus, a species believed to be instrumental in the spread of the pathogenic agent of Chagas-Cruz disease, or parasitic thy- roiditis. C. sanguisu'ga [L. sanguis, blood, -I- sugere, to suck], the blood-sucking cone-nose, an insect resembling the bedbug in appearance and habits. conquinine (kon'kwin-en). Quinidina CONRADFS LINE 226 CONTENT Conradi's line (k5n-rah'de) [Andrew Christian Conradi, Norwegian physician, 1809-1869.] A line extending from the base of the ensiform cartilagfe to the point of the apex beat of the heart, corresponding approximately to the lower edge of the cardiac area. Conradi-Drigalski a'gar (kon-rah'de-dre-gahl'ske) [Heinrich Conradi, German bacteriologist; W. V. Drigalski, German bacteriologist, *l87i.] Drigalsld- Conradi agar.* consanguin'ity [L. con-, with, + sanguis (sanguin-), blood.] Blood-relationship. conscious (kon'shus) [L. conscius, knowing.] t. Aware, having present knowledge or perception of oneself, one's acts, and one's surroundings. 2. Noting something occurring with the perceptive attention of the individual, as a conscious act or idea, distinguished from automatic or instinctive. consciousness (kon'shus-nes) [L. conscire, to know, to be aware of.] Awareness; perception of physical facts or mental concepts; sentient knowledge of one's surroundings, doub'le c, a condition in which one lives in two seemingly unrelated mental states, being, while in one, unaware of the other or of the acts performed in the other. consensual (kon-sen'shu-al) [L. con-, with, + sensus, sensation.] Reflex, noting what is done in re- sponse to a stimulus without the cooperation of the will. conserra'tion [L. conservare, to keep together.] Preservation: the keeping from injury or loss. conservative (kon-siu-'vS-tiv). 1. Preservative. 2. Opposed to radical or heroic measures of treat- ment, t. sur'gery, surgical treatment which aims to preserve and restore injiired or diseased parts, avoiding operative mutilation or removal. conserve (kon-surv') [L. con-, together, + servare, to keep.] A preparation made by covering a fresh drug with sugar to extract its virtues or by trittu-ating a fresh drug to make a soft mass. Now used synonymously with confection. consolida'tion [L. consolidare, to make firm.] Con- version into a firm dense mass; noting especially the change of the lung from a spongy to a solid condition by the filling of the alveoli with an exudate. constipate (kon'sti-pat). To cause a sluggishness in the action of the bowels. con'stipated. Suffering from constipation; costive. constipa'tion [L. constipare, to press together,] A condition in which the evacuations from the bowels are infrequent or incomplete, more or less fecal matter being retained in the intestine. constitution (kon-stl-tu'shun) [L. constiiuere, to establish,] i . The physical make up of the body, including the mode of performance of its fimc- tions, the activity of its metabolic processes, the manner and degree of its reactions to stimuli, and its power of resistance to the attack of path- ogenic organisms. 2. In chemistry, the number and kind of atoms in the molecule and the relation which they bear to each other. constitu'tional. 1. Relating to the constitution. 2. General, relating to the system as a whole, not local. constric'tion [L. constringere, to draw together.] I. Binding or contraction of a part. ■^. A sub- jective sensation as if the body or any part were tightly bound or squeezed. 3. Stricture, stenosis. constric'tor. i. Anything which binds or squeezes a part. 2. A muscle the action of which is to narrow a canal, a sphincter; see under musculus. construc'tive [L. construere, to build up.] Building up, relating to anabolism, anabolic. consul'tant [L. consultare, to deliberate, ask advice.] i. A physician or surgeon who does not take actual charge of a patient, but acts in an advisory capacity, deliberating with and counselling the personal attendant. 2. A member of a hospital staff who has no active service but stands ready to advise in any case, at the request of the attend- ing physician or surgeon. consulta'tion. A meeting of two or more physicians to consider the symptoms and course of the dis- ease in any special case and to deliberate concern- ing the prognosis and the advisable therapeutic measures. consult'ing staff. The body of specialists attached to a hospital who do not make stated visits, but serve in an advisory capacity when called upon for counsel by members of the attending staff. consumption (kon-sump'shun) [L. consumere, to use up, waste.] i. The using up of a material or force, z. A wasting of the tissues of the body. 3. Tuberculosis, especially of the lungs or intes- tine. consump'tive. Relating to, or a sufferer from, consumption. consuxnp'tive's weed. Eriodictyon. con'tact [L. contactus, a touching.] ± . The touching or apposition of two bodies, -j. The closing of an electrical circuit. 3. A person who has been exposed to contagion, c. break'er, interrupter, a device for rapidly opening and closing an electrical circuit, c. point, the part of the contact surface of a tooth which touches the adjacent tooth. c. sur'face, facies contactus [BNA], the surface of a tooth which looks toward its neighbor, either mesially or distally; proximal surface, prox'- imal c, prox'imate c, touching of the adjacent surfaces of two teeth. contagion (kon-ta'jun) [L. contagio; contingere, to touch closely.] i. Contagixmi. 2. Transmission of an infectious disease by contact, either im- mediate or mediate, with the sick; one of the modes of infection. 3. The production of a psychopathic state or so-called fiinctional nervous disease through imitation or autosuggestion. inune'diate c, one occurring as the result of direct contact with the sick, me'diate c, one effected through the medium of persons or ob- jects that have been in contact with the sick. contagiosity. Contagiousness. contagious (kon-ta'jus). Relating to contagion; transmissible by contact with the sick, noting certain forms of infectious disease. conta'giousness. The quality of being contagious or transmissible by contact, noting the nature of certain of the infective diseases, such as. smallpox. contagium (kon-ta'ji-um) [L.] The virus or essen- tial causative substance of any infectious (not merely contagious) disease. contam'inate [L. contaminare, to defile.] To soil with infectious material. contamina'tion [L. contaminare, to stain, defile.]' I, Pollution, soiling with infectious matter, z. The Freudian term for a fusion and condensation of words. contem'plative. One who excites a sexual organism by lewd imaginings. con'tent [L. contentus from coniinere, to contain.] i . That which is contained within something else,, usually in this sense in the plural form, contents. z. In psychology, the form of a dream as pre- sented to consciousness, la'tent c, the symbolic significance of a dream. manifest c, the ex- ternal form of a dream. CONTIGUITY 227 CONTREXEVILLE contiguity (kon-tl-gu'1-ti) [L. contiguus, touching.] I. Contact, without actual continmty; see con- tinuity. 2. The occurrence of two or more men- tal impressions synchronously or in immediate succession, amputa'tion in c, disarticulation, amputation through a joint, law of c, when two ideas have once occurred in association they are likely so to occur again^ and the more likely the more often they have been associated, solu'tion of c, the breaking of contiguity, a dislocation or displacement of two normally contiguous parts. contig'uous. Adjacent or in actual contact. con'tinence [L. continentia; continere, to hold back.] Moderation, temperance, or self-restraint, in respect of the appetites. con'tinent. Temperate or abstinent as regards sexual indulgence. continued (kon-tin'iid) [L. continuare, to join.] Continuous, without intermission, noting espe- cially a more or less protracted fever without apyretic intervals; a typhoid fever, for example, as contrasted with a succession of malarial paroxysms. continuity (kon-tin-u'i-tl) [L. continuus, continued.] Absence of interruption, a succession of parts intimately united. A single bone of the skull has the quality of continuity in all its parts; a cranial suture is marked by contiguity of the bones entering into its formation, amputa'tion in c, amputation through a long bone, between the joints, as contrasted with disarticulation, or am- putation in contiguity, solu'tion of c, division of bones or soft parts which are normally con- tinuous, as by a fracture, a laceration, or an incision. contin'uous. Uninterrupted. contour (kon-toor'). [L. contornare, to turn around.] In dentistry, to restore the normal outlines of a broken or otherwise misshapen tooth. con' tour (kon'toor). The outline of a part, the surface configuration. contoured (kon-toord'). Noting a bacterial colony with irregularly undulating surface, as that of a relief map. centra-angles (kon'trah-ang"glz). Double or triple angles in the shank of an instrument by means of which the cutting edge or point is brought into the axis of the handle. con"tra-ap'erture. Counteropening. contraception (kon-trah-sep'shun). The preven- tion of conception. contraceptive (kon-trah-sep'tiv) [L. contra, against, -t- conceptive.] An agent for the prevention of conception. contract' [L. contrahere, to draw together.] To shorten; to become reduced in size. contrac'tile. Having the property of contracting. contractil'ity. The ability or property of shortening or becoming reduced in size. contractio "(kon-trak'shyo) [L] Contraction, c. prse'via, the narrowing of a segment of the uterus in advance of the descending fetus. contraction (kon-trak'shun) [L. contractio; contra- here, to draw together.] i. A shortening, noting the normal function of muscular tissue. 2. A more or less permanent shortening of a muscle. 3. A shrinkage or reduction in size, an'odal clo'sure c. (ACC or AnCC), the momentary c. of a muscle under the influence of the positive pole when the electrical circuit is established. an'odal o'pening c. (AOC or AnOC), the mo- mentary c. of a muscle under the influence of the positive pole when the circuit is broken carpoped'al c, carpopedal* spasm, cath'odal clo'sure c. (CCC or CaCC), the momentary u. of a muscle under the influence of the negative pole when an electrical circuit is established. cath'odal o'pening t. (COC or CaOC), the mo- mentary c. of a muscle under the influence of the negative pole when the circuit is broken. Dupuytren's t., see Dupuytren. front-tap u., c of the calf muscles when the anterior surface of the leg is struck, hour'glass c, constriction of the middle portion of a hollow organ, such as the stomach or the gravid uterus, myotat'ic c, (i) reflex c. of a muscle induced by its passive stretch- ing; (2) tendon reflex, paradox'ical c, a tonic contraction of the anterior tibial muscles when a sudden passive dorsal flexion of the foot is made. Westphal's c, paradoxical c. contracture (kon-trak'chiir). A permanent mus- cular contraction due to tonic spasm or to loss of muscular equilibrium, the antagonists being paralyzed, func'tional c, one that ceases during sleep or general anesthesia, organ'ic c, one which is continuous whether the subject is conscious or unconscious. Volkmann's c, see Volkmann. contrad'olin [L. contra, against, + dolor, pain.] An analgesic composed of acetamide, phenol, and salicylic acid; dose, gr. 4-8 (0.23-0.5). contrafissura (kon"trah-fI-shu'rah) [L. contra, against, counter, -t- fissura, fissure.] Fracture by contrecoup ; fracture of a bone, as in the skull, at a point opposite that where the blow was received. contraindicant (kon-trah-in'dJ-kant). Indicating the contrary, that is to say, showing that a method of treatment which would otherwise be proper is forbidden by special circumstances in the indi- vidual case. contraindication (kon-trah-in-dl-ka'shun). Any spe- cial symptom or circumstance which renders the use of a remedy or the carrying out of a surgical procedure inadvisable. contralat'eral [L. contra, opposite, 4- latus, side.] Relating to the opposite side, as when pain is referred to the side opposite to that of the lesion. con'trast [L. contra, against, + stare, to stand.] A comparison in which the differences between two objects are shown, c. stain, a double stain by which some of the tissues or the general back- ground of the specimen take on one color while the special object to be examined takes on the other, thereby rendering it more distinct. contTastim'ulant [L. contra, against.] 1. Annulling the effect of a stimulant. 2. An agent whose action opposes that of a stimulant. contrastim'ulus. Contrastimulant(2). contratoxin (kon-trah-toks'in) [L. contra, against.] Trade name of a group of normal sera (combined reptilian and warm-blooded) obtained from animals naturally immune to the disease for which the special form of contratoxin is employed (tuberculosis, for example) ; it is stated to have a lytic action on various microorganisms without producing lysis of the red blood-cells. contrecoup (kawn-tr-koo') [Fr. counter-blow.] Not- ing the manner of a contrafissura, or fracture of a bone, as in the skull, at a point opposite that at which the blow was received. contrectation (kon-trek-ta'shun) [L. contrectare, to handle.] i. Sexual dalliance. 2. The impulse to embrace one of the opposite sex. Contrexiville, France (kawn-treks-a-vel'). Pavil- ion Spring. Alkaline waters. Cold. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing, in gouty affections, catarrhal conditions, renal and vesical disorders, nocturnal enuresis, hepatic disorders, CONTREXEVILLE 228 CONVULSION dyspepsia, cutaneous diseases, and urinary dis- orders. May 20 to September 20. contribution (kon-tri-bu'shun) [L. contribuere; con-, together, + tribuere, to grant.] A plan for the apportionment of profits to the holder of a life- insurance policy by which the policy is credited with the reserve pertaining to it at the end of the previous year and with the annual premium paid at the beginning of the current year, less an ex- pense charge and with interest added. Against this sum are charged the cost of insurance and the reserve required at the end of the current year, the balance being the policy's annual dividend, or its "contribution to surplus." control (kon-tr51') [L. contra, against, + roiula, roll; a counter-roll or ledger for check-accounts.] 1. To verify an experiment by means of another with the crucial condition omitted, as when a given amoimt of toxin is injected into two rabbits of equal weight, one receiving antitoxin, the other not; if the animal not receiving antitoxin (the control) dies, the assumption is that the other would also have succumbed without the protective injection of antitoxin. 2. Control-animal, con- trol-experiment. contror-an'imal. In laboratory or clinical experi- mentation the rabbit, guinea-pig, or other animal submitted to the same conditions as the others used for the experiment, with the crucial factor (such as the injection of antitoxin, the adminis- tration of a drug, etc.) omitted. ■control'-exper'iment. An experiment, chemical or animal, used to check another, to verify the result, or to demonstrate what would have occurred had the essential factor been omitted. contuse' [L, coniundere, to bruise.] To bruise. contu'sion. A bruise, a contused wound.* co'nus [G. kanos, a peg.] i. Cone. 2. Posterior staphyloma in myopic chorioiditis, c. arterio'sus, the infundibulum, or left or anterior portion of the cavity of the right ventricle of the heart, which -terminates in the pulmonary artery. 0. elas'ticus fBNA], the thicker lower portion of the elastic membrane of the larynx, c. medulla'ris, medul- lary cone, terminal cone, the tapering lower extremity of the spinal cord. c. vasculo'sus, one of Haller's* cones in the globus major of the -epididymis. convalescence (kon-val-es'ens) [L. convalescere, to grow strong.] The time elapsing between the termination of a disease and the patient's complete restoration to health. convales'cent. i . Getting well or one who is getting well. 2. Noting the period of convalescence. convallam'arin [L. amarus, bitter.] A bitter gluco- side obtained from convallaria; an amorphous or crystalline whitish or yellowish powder; dose, gr. -^— I (0.03—0.06). convalla'retin. A resinous substance obtained from convallarin by boiling with a dilute acid. convalla'rise Ho'res [L. convallis, an enclosed valley; fios, flower.] (N.F.) The dried inflorescence of Convallaria majalis, lily of the valley; heart tonic and diuretic, employed as a substitute for digitalis in doses of gr. 5-7 J (0 . 3-0 . 5) . c. ra'dix (N.P.), convallaria root, lily-of-the-valley root, the dried rhizome and roots of C. majalis; em- ployed for the same purposes as the flowers and in the same doses. The N.P. has a fluid- extract of both the root and the flowers; dose, TffiS (0.5). convall'arin. An acrid glucoside obtained from convallaria ; has been employed in cardiac troubles in doses of gr. J-i (0.03-0.06). convection (kon-veVshun) [L. convehere, to convey.] The conveyance of heat in liquids or gases by change of position of the heated particles, as when the layer of water at the bottom of a pot rises and carries the heat from the fire with it. convergence (kon-vur'jens) [L. convergere, to in- cline together.] i. The tending of two or more objects toward a common point, 2. The direc- tion of the visual lines to a near point, am'pli- tude of c, the distance between the near point and far point of c. ang'le of c, see under angle, far point of c., the point to which the visual lines are directed when c. is at rest, near point of c, the point to which the visual lines are directed when c. is at its maximum, neg'ative c, the slight diver- gence of the visual axes when c. is at rest, as when looking at the far point of normal vision or during sleep, pos'itive c, inward deviation of the visual axes even when c. is at rest, as in cases of con- vergent squint, range of c, amplitude of c. convergent (kon-vur'jent). 'Tending toward a, common point. conversa'tion-tube. An ear-trumpet with a flexible tube connecting the mouth-piece and ear-piece. conversion (kon-vur'shun) [L. convertere, to turn round, to change.] x. Change, transmutation. 2. Transformation of an emotion into a physical manifestation. con'vex [L. convemis, vaulted, arched.] Noting a surface which is evenly curved or bulging out- ward. convex'ity. The state of being convex. conver"ocon'cave. Concavoconvex. convex"ocon'vex. Convex on two opposite surfaces. convolute (kon'v8-lut) [L. convolvere, to roll to- gether.] Rolled together with one part over the other; in the shape of a roll or scroll. con'voluted. Convolute, c. bone, turbinated bone, concha* nasalis. c. tu'bule, the twisted or coiled portion of a uriniferous tubule, tubtdus renalis contortus. convolutio (kon-v6-lu'shyo) [L. convolvere, to roll together.] Convolution, gyrus. convolu'tion [L, convoluiicl One of the prominent rounded elevations on the surface of the brain, bounded by the fissures or sulci; see gyrus. Convolvula'ceae. An order of gamopetalous dicot- yledonous, twining or trailing herbs, which includes the bindweed and scammony. convol'vulin. A white odorless glucoside, C„Ht,Oi„ obtained from jalap; purgative in doses of gr. i-ij (0.03-0.1). Convol'vulus. A genus of twining plants of the natural order ConvolvulacecB. C. altheoi'des, a Mediterranean plant, the root of which is some- times substituted for scammony. C. pandura'ta, manroot, wild jalap, wild scammony; the root yields a resin which is purgative and diuretic. C. pur'ga, jalap. C. scammo'nium, scammony C. turpe'thum, turpeth-root. convul'sant. Causing convulsions. conyul'sion [L. convulsio, from con-, together, 4- vellere, to pull.] A violent involimtary musctdar contraction, clon'ic c, one in which the contrac- tions are intennittent, the muscles alternately contracting and relaxing, coor'dinate c, a clonic c. in which the movements are seemingly purposeful, being exaggerations of those which may occur naturally, crow'ing c, laryngismus stridulus, inter'nal t., a slight c. in a child, marked by a barely perceptible spasm, rigidity of the head and fixity of the eyes, with preserva- tion of consciousness or only momentary uncon- sciousness, mim'ic c, facial tic, ton'ic c. CONVULSION 229 COR one in which the contraction of the muscle is continuous. convul'sive. Relating to convulsions; marked by or producing convulsions. COOH. Formula for carboxyl, a radical charac- teristic of organic oxyacids. Coolidge tube (koo'lij) [William David CooUdge, Americanj physical chemist, *i873.] An «-ray tube, in which the cathode consists of a tungsten wire spiral surrounded by a miolybdenum tube; the tungsten spiral is heated by an electric cur- rent and the exact quality of the a-ray given off is regulated by varying the temperature of the cathode. coolie-itch. Water-itch. Coo'per's disease' [Sir Astley Paston Cooper, English surgeon, 1768-1841.] Chronic inflam- mation of the mamma, with the formation of cysts. C.'s fas'cia, the fascia covering the sper- matic cord, fascia* cremasterica. C.'s her'nia, femoral h. with two sacs, the second passing through B defect in the superficial fascia and appearing immediately beneath the skin, the first being in the femoral canal. C.'s her'ni- otome, <* slender bistoury with short cutting edge for dividing the constricting tissues at the neck of a hernial sac. C.'s irr'itable breast, neuralgia of the breast. C.'s irr'itable tes'ticle, neuralgia of the testicle. C.'s Ug'ament, (i) one of numerous fibrous filaments connecting the mammary gland with the skin, retinacula cutis; (2) the portion of the transversalis fascia attached to the iliopectineal line and spine of the pubis; (3) a ligament connecting the olecranon to the coro- noid process. C.'s oint'ment, arsenic i, sulphur i, spermaceti ointment 8. C.'s reflec'ted ten'don, a thin, semilunar expansion of the anterior apo- neurosis of the transversalis abdominis muscle, sometimes prolonged beyond the conjoined tendon to be attached to the deep crural arch. Cooper's Well, Miss. Saline-chalybeate waters. One spring. Anemia, chlorosis, constipation, chronic diarrhea, and dropsy. Coo'pernail's sign [George P. Coopernail, American physician, *i876.] Ecchymosis of the perineum and scrotum, or labia, in fracture of the pelvis. coo'rash. A pustular skin disease occurring in Central Africa. coordination (ko-or-dl-na'shun) [L. co-, together, ■+' ordinare, to arrange.] The harmonious working together of several muscles or muscle groups in the execution of complicated movements. coossify (co-osl-fi) [L. co-, together, + os, bone, + facere, to make.] To unite into one bone. copaiba (ko-pa'bah). (U.S. and Br.) Copaiva, balsam of copaiba or copaiva; the oleoresin of Copaifera officinalis and other species of C, a. South American plant; a, yellowish viscid fluid of an aromatic odor and acid bitter taste; expectorant, diuretic, and stimulant to the respi- ratory and urogenital mucous membranes, in doses of niio-30 (0.6-2.0). solid'ifled c, massa copaibae. cope (kop) [L. capa, cape, cap.] The metal plate covering the root of a tooth to be crowned. copiopia (ko-pJ-o'pI-ah) [G. kopos, fatigue, + dps, eye.] Fatigue of the eye from over or improper use or strain. copodyskinesia (ko-po-dis-kin-e'sl-ah) [G. kopos, fatigue, -t- dys-, bad, -I- kinesis, movement.] Occupation neurosis,* such as writer's cramp. cop'per [L. cUprum.] A metallic element several of the salts of which are employed in medicine; see cuprum, c. group, two members of the class: of basylous elements, copper and mercury. copp'eras [L. cuprum, copper, + rosa, flower.] Impure commercial ferrous sulphate, green ' vitriol; see ferri* sulphas. cop'per-point. A crystal of copper sulphate con- tained in a wooden holder. Coppet's law (k6-pa') [Louis Cas de Coppet, French physicist, 1841-19U.] Solutions having the same freezing point are equimolecular. copre'mia, coprae'mla [G. kopros, dung, + haima, blood.] The presence in the blood of waste products absorbed from the intestine; so-called intestinal autointoxication. coprolagnia (kop-ro-lag'ni-ah) [G. kopros, dung, + lagneia, lust.] A form of sexual perversion in which the thought or sight of excrement causes pleasurable sensation. coprolalia (kop-ro-la'U-ah) [G. kopros, dirt, dung, + lalia, form of speech.] The involuntary utter- ance of vulgar or obscene words. coprolith (kop'ro-lith) [G. kopros, filth, -t- lithos, stone.] A hard mass consisting of inspissated feces. coprol'ogy [G. kopros, feces, -I- -ology.} Scatology, the physiology and pathology of intestinal digestion. coprophagy (k6-prof'a-ji) [G. kopros, feces, -|- phago, I eat.] The eating of human or animal excrement. coprophil, coprophile (kop'ro-fil, kop'ro-fH) [G. kopros, dung, -f- philos, fond.] Noting bacteria occurring in fecal matter. coprophilia (kop-ro-fil'i-ah) [G. kopros, dung, + philos, fond of.] A mental attraction, with a sexual element, for fecal matter. coproplanesia (kop-ro-pIan-e'sJ-ah) [G. kopros, feces, 4- planesis, a wandering.] The passage of feces through a fistiila or artificial anus. coprosta'sia [G. kopros, feces, + stasis, a standing.] Constipation, costiveness, fecal impaction. coprosterin (ko-pros'ter-in) [G. kopros, feces, + {chole)sterin.\ Coprosterol,* stercorin. coprosterol (ko-pros'tS-rol) [G. kopros, feces, + (chole) sterol.] Coprosterin, stercorin, a deriva- tive of cholesterol found in the feces, obtainable in the form of slender acicular crystals. cop'tis [G. kopia, I cut, the leaves looking as if cut.] (N.F.) The rhizome of Coptis trifolia, gold- thread, canker-root, a plant of eastern North America; used as «. masticatory in sore mouth and as a gargle in catarrhal sore throat and ton- sillitis, and as a simple bitter tonic in dose of gr. 30 (2.0), or IIJ30 (2.0) of the N.F. fluidextract. cop'ula [L. yoke, joining.] i. Zygote. 2. Ambo- ceptor or immune body. 3. In anatomy a nar- row part connecting two structures. 4. In legal phraseology, sexual intercourse. copulation (kop-u-la'shun) L copulatio,] i. Sex- ual union between two individuals, male and female; coitus. ■^. In protozoology, conjugation between two cells which do not fuse but separate after mutual fertilization; observed in the in- fusoria. cor, gen. cor'dis [L.] Heart, c. adipo'siun, fatty heart, c. bilocula're, a heart in which the intra- auricular and intraventricular septa are incom- plete, u. bovi'num, a greatly hjrpertrophied heart, c. hirsu'tum, hairy heart, the heart in cases of fibrinous pericarditis in which the surface presents post mortem a shaggy appearance, c. ju'venum, a disorder of the heart associated with orthostatic albuminuria, marked by a systolic murmur, heaving apex beat, tachycardia, palpita- tion, and arrhythmia, c. mo'bile, movable heart. COR 230 CORM a heart which moves unduly on change of bodily- position, t. pen'dulum, pendulous heart, an extreme form of u. mobile in which the heart appears to be suspended by the great vessels. c. tomento'sum [L. iomentosus, stuffed with hair •or feathers as a cushion], c. hirsutum. coracoacromial (kor"S-ko-a-kro'inI-al). Relating to the coracoid and acromial processes of the scapula. coracobrachialis (kor"a-ko-bra-kI-a'lis). Relating to the coracoid process of the scapula and the arm, noting a muscle, which see under musculus. coracoclavic'ular. Relating to the coracoid proc- ess and the clavicle. coracohumeral (kor"ci-ko-hu'mLe-ral). Relating to the coracoid process of the scapula and the humerus. cor'acoid [G. korax (korak-), raven, curved door- handle, + eidos, appearance.] Shaped like a crow's beak or door-handle; noting a process of the scapula, processus coracoideus. c. tuberos'ity, tuberositas coracoidea. cor'al cal'culus. A kidney stone moulded to the shape of the pelvis and calyces. cor'alUn. A yellow dye obtained by heating to- gether sulphuric acid, phenol, and anhydrous oxalic acid, red c, peony red, peonin, produced from 0. by the action of ammonia. corallorhi'za [G. rhiza, root.] Coral-root, dragon 's- claw, the root of Corallorhiza odoniorhiza, a leaf- less saprophytic herb of the eastern United States ; diaphoretic in doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0-2.0). cord [L. chorda, a string.] i. In anatomy, any long, string-like structure. .1. To become corded or string-like. Ferrein's c, etc., see the proper name, ^an'gliated u., the sympathetic nerve trunk, systema* nervorum sympathicum. psalte'rial cords, stria vascularis [BNA]. sper- mat'ic c, a cord formed by the vas deferens, up to its passage through the inguinal canal, together with the accompanying vessels and nerves, spi'nal c, medulla spinalis, umbil'ical c, the cord extending from the placenta to the umbilicus of the fetus, formed of the umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries embedded in Wharton's jelly, vocal c, one of the four thyro- arytenoid ligaments; the upper pair constitutes the false vocal cords, the lower pair the true vocal cords, or those concerned in voice production. cordial (kor'jyal) [see cordiale.'] 1. A remedy sup- posed to stimulate the heart and raise the spirits. 2. A sweet aromatic liquor supposed to aid di- gestion, neutrali'zing c, syrupus rhei et potassse compositus (N.F.). cordiale (kor-dl-a'le) [L. neut. of cordialis, some- thing enheartening.] Cordial, c. ru'bi fruc'tus (N.F.), blackberry cordial; equal parts of black- berry juice and of syrup, with 25 per cent of a weak tincture of cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg; a carminative, aromatic astringent, employed in diarrhea in doses of SJ— i (15.0-30.0). cor'diforxn [L, cor(cord-), heart, + forma, shape.] Heart-shaped. corditis (cor-di'(de')tis). Punioulitis, inflamma- tion of the spermatic cord. cor'dol. Tribromsalol. cor'dyl. Acetyltribromsalol. Cordylobia anthropophaga (kor-di-lo'M-ah an-thro- pof'a-gah) [G. kordyle, club, + lobion, lobe; an- thrSpos, man, -|- phago, I eat. ] A fly of tropical Africa, the larva of which burrows into the skin producing a small inflammatory swelling. core [L. cor, heart.] The central mass of necrotic tissue in a boil. coreclisis (kor-e-kli'sis) [G. kore, pupil, -I- kleisis, closure.] Occlusion of the pupil. corectasia (kor-ek-ta'zl-ah) [G. kore, pupil, + ektasis, stretching out.] Dilatation of the pupil. corectomedialysis (kor-ek"to-me-di-al'J-sis) [G. kore, pupil, + ektome, excision, -f- dialysis, a loosening. ] Iridodialysis. corec'tomy [G. kore, pupil, -I- ektome, excision.] Iridectomy. corecto'pia [G. kore, pupil, -t- ektopos, out of place.] Presence of the pupil to one side of the center of the iris. coredialysis (kor-e-di-al'l-sis) [G. kore, pupil, + dialysis, separation.] Iridodialysis. coredias'tasis [G. kore, pupil, + diastasis, an interval.] Corectasia. corerysis [G. kore, pupil, -I- lysis, a loosening.] The loosening of adhesions between the capsule of the lens and the iris. coremorphosis (kor-e-mor-fo'sis) [G. kore, pupil, + morphosis, formation.] The formation of an artificial pupil. corenclisis (kor-en-kli'sis) [G. kore, pupil, -|- enkleio, I enclose.] Iiidenclisis. coreometer (kor-e-om'e-ter) [G. kore, pupil, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measiuing the width of the pupil. cor'eoplasty [G. kore, pupil, -I- plasso, I form.] The reestablishment of an occluded, or correction of a deformed, pupil. corestenoma (kor-e-st^-no'mah) [G. kore, pupil, -f- sienoma, a narrow pass.] A narrowing of the pupil, c. congen'itum, a partial occlusion of the pupil by congenital out-growths from the iris coretomedialysis (kor-e-to"me-di-ari-sis) [G. kore, pupil, + tome, incision, -i- dialysis, a loosening.] Iridodialysis. coret'omy [G. kore, pupil, + tome, incision.] Iri- dotomy. coriaceous (kor-e-a'shyus) [L. corium, leather.] Leathery, tough, noting the surface character of a bacterial colony. coriamyrtin (ko-re-am'ur-tin). A glucoside, Cj,,- HgeOio, from coriaria leaves; an irritant and con- vtilsant, resembling picrotoxin, sometimes given as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant in collapse, in dose of gr. ^'j (o.ooi). corian'der. Coriandnun. corian'drum [G. koris, bedbug, from the offensive odor of the plant.] (U.S.) Coriander, the dried ripe fniit of Coriandrum sativum; a mild stimulant - aromatic and corrective in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). Coria'ria. A genus of plants of southern Europe, New Zealand, and South America. C. myrtifo'- lia, a species the leaves of which are sometimes used to adulterate senna ; they contain an irritant glucoside, coriamyrtin, co'rium [L. leather.] Cutis vera, true skin; the deeper or connective-tissue layer of the skin, con- sisting essentially of fibrous connective tissue with interlacing elastic fibers and occasional non- striated muscular fibers. It is composed of two layers: an outer, pars papillaris, stratvun papil- lare, papillary layer, and an inner, pars reticularis, stratum reticulare, reticular layer, Cor'lett's pyo'sis [William Thomas Corlett, American dermatologist, *i854.] Impetigo contagiosa bullosa, a contagious bullous erup- tion, beginning on the face and later becoming general, which after rupture becomes covered with light friable crusts. conn [G. kormos, the bare trunk of a tree.] The underground stem of certain plants, giving off CORM 231 CORONA leaves from the upper surface and rootlets from the lower; it is of bulbous shape, but differs from a tree bulb in being of solid, fleshy consistency and not composed of superposed leaves; called also solid bulb, especially when it is enclosed in two or three layers of broad leaves. cormophyte (kor'mo-fit) [G. kormos, trunk of a tree, + fhyton, plant.] In botany, any plant which has an axis of growth, with stems and leaves; opposed to thallophyte. com [L. cornu, horn, hoof.] i. Clavus (i). 2. A small swelling between the bars of a horse's foot and the wall of the heel, occurring in the fore feet alone, generally on the inside heel, hard c, the usual form of com over a toe-joint, soft c, a, com formed by pressure between two toes, the surface being macerated and yellowish in color. corn [A.S.] i. Any kind of grain; specifically, in America, Indian com or maize. 2. A single grain of wheat, maize, or any cereal. corn-cockle (kawrn' kok-1) [A.S. coccel, tares.] Lychnis (Agrostemma) githago. Comaro's meth'od (kor-nah'ro) [Luigi Cornaro, Venetian layman, 1464-1566. "1 Preservation of health by a very abstemious diet, chiefly bread and meat with a light wine; by this means Cor- naro restored his health and digestion which had been seriously impaired by excesses, and lived to the age of 102 years. cornea (kor'ne-ah) [L. corneus, homy, sc. tunica, coat.] A transparent membrane, forming the anterior sixth of the outer coat of the eyeball; it is more curved than the sclera, con'ical c, ker- atoconus. discoloration, keratochromatosis. examination, keratos- copy. grafting, keratoplasty, hernia, keratocele. in- cision, keratotomy. inflammation, keratitis, comeitis. instrument for measuring curvature of, keratoconometer, keratometer, keratoscope. knife for dividing, kera- tome. opacity, keratoleucoma, albugo, nebula, caligo comeae. plastic surgery of, keratoplasty, protrusion, keratectasia, staphyloma, keratoconus, keratoglobus , conical cornea, keratocele, buphthalmia, buphthalmus. removal of part, keratectomy, rupture, keratorrhexis. softening, keratomalacia. lUceration, keratohelcosis. cor'neal. Relating to the cornea. comeitis (kor-ne-i'(e')tis5. Keratitis. cor'nel. Dogwood, comus*. comeoiritis (kor"ne-o-i-ri'(re')tis). Keratoiritis. comeoscle'ra. The combined cornea and sclera, forming the external coat of the eyeball. cor'neous [L. corneus.] Homy. Cor'ner's tam'pon [Edred ^loss Corner, English surgeon, *i872.] A plug of omentum stuffed into a wound of the stomach or intestine as a. temporary tampon. cor'ners. The deciduous incisors of the horse, external to the intermediates. cor'net, comette' [Fr. dim. of come, a horn.] A small ear-trumpet. cor'neum. The homy layer of the skin. comic'ulum [L. dim. of cornu, hom.] A comu of small size. c. laryn'gis, cartilago comiculata. comiflca'tion [L. comu, hom, -I- facere, to make.] I. Conversion into hom or a homy substance or tissue. 2. A callosity. comified (kor'nl-fid). Converted into horn; homy. cor'nin. An eclectic preparation, a resin from Comus florida in the form of a brown bitter powder; used in malaria and as a tonic in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.13-0.3). Cor'ning's method [James Leonard Coming, New York neurologist, *i85S.] x. Induction of sur- gical anesthesia, without unconsciousness, by subarachnoid spinal injections of cocaine or one of its substitutes, a. The induction of local anesthesia by the subcutaneous injection of a weak solution of cocaine, or one of its substitutes, the circulation being cut off from the field of operation by firm pressure with a ring, or by constriction of the base of the member when it is a finger or toe. corn-silk. Stigma maydis, zea*. com-smut. XJstllago maydis. cor'nu, gen. cor'nus, pi. cor'nua, [L. horn.] A hom. I . Any structure composed of homy substance or resemblinga horn in shape. 2. One of the coronal prolongations of the dental pulp. c. Ammo'nis, hippocampus [BNA]. c. ante'rius, anterior hom ; (i) the anterior division of the lateral ventricle of the brain, extending forward and outward into the frontal lobe from the foramen of Monro ; (2) columna anterior [BNA]. c. cer'vi, harts- horn, c. cuta'neum, cutaneous hom, an elon- gated, projecting outgrowth of the homy layer of the epidermis, c. huma'num, c. cutaneum. c. infe'iius [BNA], inferior hom, descending hom, the lowermost division of the lateral ventricle of the brain, a prolongation of the pars centralis or body into the temporal lobe; it extends first outward and backward, then down- ward, and finally forward and inward, termin- ating about an inch behind the temporal pole. c. latera'le, lateral hom, columna* lateralis [BNA]. ' c. ma'jus, greater hom; the larger of the two processes on either side of the hyoid bone. c. me'dium, c. inferius. c. mi'nus, lesser hom; the shorter of the two processes on either side of the hyoid bone. c. of the spinal cord, either one of the tracts of gray matter, seen on cross section of the cord, extending from the commissure toward the surface, c. poste'rius, posterior hom; (i) the posterior division of the lateral ventricle of the brain, extending backward into the occipital lobe; (2) columna posterior [BNA]. cor'nua. Plural of cornu. cor'nual. Relating to a comu. comucominissural (kor"nu-kom-I-shu'ral). Relat- ing to one of the cornua and a commissure in the brain. comuco'pia [L. hom of plenty.] One of the lateral recesses in the fourth ventricle of the braifi. cor'nus [L. cornu, horn.] (N.F.) The dried bark of the root of Comus florida, dogwood; an astrin- gent aromatic stomachic in doses of ituis— 60 (1.0—4.0) of the fluidextract. The bark of another species, C. circinata, round-leaved dog- wood, cornel, green osier, is also used in medicine, having similar properties to the preceding. comutine (kor'nu-ten). An alkaloid obtained from ergot, said to cause convulsions. comutol (kor'nu-tol). Trade name of a specially prepared fluid extract of ergot. corolla (ko-rol'ah) [L. a little crown.] The inner of the two envelopes of a flower with double perianth. corom'eter [G. kore, pupil, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil. coro'na [L. crown.] Any structure, normal or pathological, resembling or suggesting a crown or a wreath, c. cap'itis, crown of the head, the topmost part of the head. c. cilia'ris, ciliary crown or wreath, the circular figure on the inner surface of the ciliary body, formed by the processes and folds (plicae) taken together, c. den'tis, crown of a tooth, the exposed portion covered with enamel, c. glan'dis, the prominent posterior border of the glans penis, c. radia'ta, radiate crown; (i) a fan-shaped appearance produced CORONA 232 CORPUS by the widely radiating fibers from the upper portion of the internal capsule ; these fibers come from the cerebral peduncles, through both the tegmentum and the base of the peduncles, and from the thalamus; (2) an investment of the oocyte, composed of several layers of epithelial cells derived from the discus proligerus of the Graafian follicle, c. seborrho'ica, a red band at the hair line along the upper border of the forehead and temples in certain aggravated cases of pityriasis capitis, or dermatitis sebor- rheica of the scalp, c. Ven'eris [crown of Venus], a lenticular syphilide of the forehead parallel to the hairy border, c. zinn'ii, Haller's* circle (l). cor'onad [L. corona + ad, to.] In a direction to- ward any corona. Corona'do Springs, Cal. Alkaline-saline waters. Used by drinking, in anemia, dyspepsia, and renal and cystic disorders. cor'onal. Relating to a corona, c. su'ture, the line of junction of the frontal with the two parietal bones of the skull. vOronale (kor-o-na'le) [L. neuter of coronaHs, coro- nal.] r. The frontal bone. i. One of the two most widely separated points on the coronal suture at the poles of the greatest frontal diameter. corona'men [L. coronare, to crown.] Coronet. corona'ria. A coronary artery, of the heart or stomach; see arieria* coronaria. coronary (kor'o-na-rl) [L. coronarius; corona, a crown.] 1. Relating to a crown. .£. Encircling, noting various anatomical structures; see arteria coronaria, ligamentum coronarium, sinus cora- narius, etc. c. band, a prominent circular ridge or band at the top of the hoof of the horse, merg- ing posteriorly into the glomes of the plantar cushion; it is an organ of tactile sensation, en- abling the animal to recognize the character of the surface upon which his foot rests, c. cush'ion, c. band. c. sul'cus, the depression on the external surface of the heart indicating the location of the auriculo-ventricular septtun. corone (kor-o'ne). [G. korone, crow.] The coronoid process of the mandible. coroner (kor'o-nur) [L. coronator, crowner, crown officer.] An official whose duty it is to investi- gate cases of sudden death to determine the cause. In several of the United States the office has been replaced by that of medical examiner. cor'onet [Fr. coroneiie; L. corona, crown.] The upper part of a horse 's hoof, or the lower part of the pas- tern encircling the cofiin, marked by a circlet of hair. coroniU'a. The dried herbage of several species of Coronilla, a genus of leguminous herbs, resembling broom in its medical properties ; dose as a diuretic, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). coron'illin. A glucoside from coronilla; dose, gr. I (0.06). coro'nion [G. dim of korone, crow.] The tip of the coro- noid process of the mandible, a craniometric point. coronitis (kor-o-ni'(ne')tis). Inflammation of the coronary cushion of the horse 's hoof, resulting in imperfect horn formation; villitis. coronium (ko-ro'nl-um) [L. corona, crown. ] A hypothetical element alleged to have been dis- covered in volcanic gases; assumed by Nicholson to be one of the four protyles* out of which all the elements are formed. cor'onoid G koronS, a crow, -f- eidos, resembling.] Shaped like a crow's beak, noting certain pro- cesses and other parts of bones, c. foss'a, fossa coronoidea. c, process, processus coronoideus. coroparelcysis (kor"o-par-el'si-sis) [G. kore, pupil, + parelko, I draw aside.] An operation for dis- placing the pupil to one side in cases of central corneal opacity. cor'oplasty [G. kore, pupil, + plasso, I form.] Any surgical procedure designed to restore the patency of the pupil of the eye. coros'copy [G. kore, pupil, -I- skopeo, I view.] The shadow test, skiascopy.* corot'omy. Coretomy, iridotomy.* cor'pora. Plural of corpus. cor'poral. Bodily, relating to the body. corpor'eal. Physical, material, as distinguished from mental, psychical, or spiritual. corpse [L. corpus, body.] A dead body, cadaver. cor'pulence, cor'pulency [L. corpuleniia, magnifica- tion of corpus, body.] Obesity. cor'pus, gen. cor'poris, pi. cor'pora [L.] The body. Any body or mass. The main part of an organ or other anatomical structure, as distinguished from the caput (head) or cauda (tail). c. adipo'sum buc'cse, sucking-pad, an encapsuled mass of fat in the cheek on the outer side of the buc- cinator muscle, especially marked in the infant; supposed to strengthen and support the cheek during the act of sucking. c. adipo'sum or'bitae [BNA], fat body of the orbit, a mass of soft fat contained in the orbit. c. al'bicans [L. albicare, to become or to be white] , ( i ) a whitish body in the cortex of the ovary, the remains of the atrophied c. luteum; (z) c. mammillare, c. candi- cans. c. alie'num, a foreign body. c. amyla'ceum (pi. cor'pora amyla'cea) , one of a num- ber of small ovoid or rounded bodies having an irregu- larly laminated structure resembling a grain of starch . found in nervous tissue, in the kidney, lungs, and other organs, and also in certain tumors, inflammatory exudates, and blood-clots; they represent a degenera- tive process analogous to colloid degeneration. c, Aran'tii, nodulus valvuke semilunaris. c. callo'suni [L. callosus, hard], the great transverse commissure between the cerebral hemispheres, lying at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure, and covered on each side by the gyrus cinguli; it is arched from behind forward and is thick at each extremity (splen- ium and genu) but thinner in its long central portion (truncus) ; it turns upon itself at the genu and sends a thin extremity forward (the rostrum) ; the white fibers connecting the two hemispheres make transVerse markings on the surface, but in addition there are four strands of gray matter (striae longitudinales) running in an anteroposterior direction. c. can'didans, c. mamillare. c. caverno'sum clitor'idis, one of the two parallel columns of erectile tissue forming the body of the clitoris; they diverge at the root to form the crura. c. caverno'sum con'chse, plexus cavemosi con- charum [BNA], erectile tissue in the mucous membrane covering the nasal turbinated bones. c. caverno'sum pe'nis, one of two' columns of erectile tissue lying side by side on the dorsum of the penis; they are separated posteriorly, forming the crura penis, and are attached to the inner portion of the arch of the pubis. c.caverno'sum ure'three [BNA], corpus spongiosum the mesial column of erectile tissue, lying in the ure- thral sulcus, between and below the two corpora cav- ernosa penis ; it forms an expansion at either extremity , the posterior being the bulbus urethrce, the anterior the glans penis; it is traversed by the urethra. c. cilia're, ciliary body, a thickened portion of the tunica vasculosa of the eye between the chorioid and the iris it consists of three parts or zones: orbiculus ciliaris, corona ciliaris, and musculus ciliaris. c. denta'tum, dentate body; (i) nucleus dentatus [BNA]; (2) nucleus olivaris. c. fimbria'tum [L. fimbriatus, fringed], (i) a white band on the edge of the comu inferius of the lateral CORTUS 233 CORPUSCULUM ventricle of the brain; (2) the outer, ovarian, extremity of the oviduct. c. senicula'tum exter'num, external geniculate body, 0. geniculatum laterals [BNA]. c. genicula'tum inter'num, internal geniculate body, u. geniculatum mediale [BNA]. c. genicula'tum latera'le [BNA], lateral geniculate body, external geniculate body; an oval mass formed by a bulging of the posterior part of the thalamus external to the pulvinar. c. genicula'tum media'le [BNA], medial geniculate body, internal geniculate body; an elongated rounded elevation behind the pulvinar of the thalamus. c. glandulo'sum, glandula prostata muliebris, spongy tissue at the orifice of the meatus urinarius in the female. c. High'mori, c. highmoria'num, mediastinum testis. c. hypothalam'icuin, nucleus hypothalamicus. c. lu'teum [L. luteiis, golden-yellow], a yellowish body at the surface of the ovary marking the site of a ruptured Graafian follicle. c. Luy'si, Luys' body, nucleus hypothalamicus. c. mamilU're, pi. cor'pora jMomtUo'rioL BNA], ma- millary body, one of two pea-sized white bodies lying at the base of the brain in the interpeduncular space in front of the substantia perforata posterior. c. meduUa're cerebell'i [BNA], the interior white substance of the cerebellum. c. oken'se, Oken's body. Wolffian* body. c. oliva're» oliva. c. oryzoid'euin, one of the rice-like bodies found in hygromata , tendon-sheaths, and joints; similar bodies are sometimes seen in the sputum. c. pampinifor'me, parovarium. c. papilla're [BNA], papillary body, stratum papil- lare, the superficial portion of the corium, consisting of a close-meshed connective tissue containing a few flattened cells. c. pinea'le [BNA], pineal body, pineal gland, cona- rium, epiphysis cerebri, a small flattened body, shaped somewhat like a pine cone (whence two of its names) , lying in the depression between the two superior quad- rigeminal bodies below the splenium of the corpus callosum; it is connected with the thalami by a hollow stalk, the habenula, but is not itself a part of the brain, containing few nervous elements; it is a rudimentary glandular structure, being composed of follicles con- taining epithelial glands and lime concretions, called brain-sand. c. psalloi'des, (i) fornix [BNA]; (2) commissura hippocampi [BNA]. c. pyramida'le, pyramis meduUae oblongatae. corp'ora quadrigem'ina [BNA], quadrigeminal bodies, optic lobes, four rounded eminences forming the dorsal portion of the mesencephalon; together they constitute the lamina quadrigemina. c. restifor'me [BNA], restiform body, inferior cere- bellar peduncle, a bundle of nerve fibers on either side of the medulla, running upward, outward, and back- ward from the medulla to the cerebellum. c. rhomboida'le, c. rhomboid'eum, c. dentatum (i). c. spongio'sum, spongy body, c. cavernosum urethras [BNA]. c. spongio'sum ure'thrse [BNA], the submucous coat of the female urethra, containing a venous network which insinuates itself between the muscular layers giv- ing to them an erectile nature. c. ster'ni, body of the sternum, mesostemum, gladiolus. c. stria'tum, striate body, the caudate and lentiform (lenticular) nuclei considered as one structure, a striate appearance on section being caused by connecting bands of gray matter passing from one to the other nucleus through the intervening white matter of the internal capsule. c. trapezoid'eum [BNA], c. trapezoid'es, trapezoid body, a collection of transverse fibers running through the central portion of the pons, arising from the nucleus cochlearis. c. triti'ceum, cartilago triticea. c. u'teri, body of the womb, the part of the uterus above the orificium internum. c. ver'tebrse [BNA], body of a vertebra. c. vif reum, vitreous body. corpuscle (kor'pus-l) [L corpusculum, dim. of corpus, body.] I. Primary atom, metabolon, electron. 2. Any small mass or body. 3. A blood cell. 4. A non-nucleated cell, amniot'ic c, amyla'- ceous c, am'yloid c, corpus ainylaceum. ax'ile c, ax'is c, the central portion of a tactile i;. Bennett's c, Bizzozero's c, etc., see the proper names, blood c, blood cell, leucocyte or erythrocyte, bone c, bone cell, bul'boid t., corpusculum bulboideum. calca'reous c, one of the dentinal cells of the teeth containing earthy salts, car'tilage u., cartilage cell, cement' c, one of the bone-forming cells in the cementum of the tooth, chro'mophile c, Nis- sel 's* body, chyle c, a cell of the same appear- ance as a leucocyte, present in chyle, colloid c, corpus amylaceum. colos'trum c, a large granu- lar cell in colostrum, concen'tric c, Hassall 's* corpuscle, cor'neal c, a flattened connective- tissue cell found between the laminse of fibrous tissue in the cornea, dust c, see hemoconia. end c, corpusculum nervorum terminale. exu- da'tion t,, exudation cell, a. cell present in an exudate which assists in the organization of new tissue, fer'tilizing c, spermatozoon. gan'gUon c, gen'ital c, one of the end corpuscles on the external genitals, germ c, ovum, ghost c, phantom c. giant c, giant cell, inflamm'- atory u., exudation c. lam'ellated u., cor- pusculum lamellosum. lymph c, lymphat'ic c, lym'phoid c, a leucocyte found in the lymph and also in the blood, mar'ginal c, Gian- nuzzi's crescent, med'ullary c, odontoblast. mi'gratory c, wandering cell, milk c, one of the fat droplets in milk, znollus'cum c, one of a. number of minute bodies, whether protozoan parasites or degenerated cells it is undecided, found in the affected epithelial cells in molluscum contagiostun. mucous c, a cell resembling a lymph corpuscle present in mucus, mus'cular c, the nucleus of a striated muscular fiber, nerve c, (r) neuron; (2) one of the nuclei under the neurilemma in a medullated nerve fiber, nu'clear c, nucleoltis. oss'eous c, bone cell, phantom c, ghost c, shadow c, a red blood cell which has lost its color through loss of its hemoglobin, achroma- tocyte. plastic c, exudation c. polar c, centro- some. pus c, one of the leucocytes constituting the formed elements in pus. red c, erythrocyte. salivary c, one of the leucocytes present in saliva. shadow E., phantom c. splenic c, Malpighian c. starch c, corpus amylacetun. tactile c, corpus- culum tactus. tendon c, one of the connective- tissue cells present between the fibers of tendons. ter'minal c, end c, corpusculum* nervorum terminale. third c, Hayem's c, platelet, thy- mus c, Hassall 's t. touch c, corpusculum tactus. white c, leucocyte. corpus'cular. Relating to a corpuscle. corpus'culum, pi. corpus'cula [L. dim. from corpus, body.] Corpuscle. c. bulboid'eum [BNA], Krause's bulb-like corpuscle, end-bulb of Krause, one of the nerve terminals in the lips, glans penis, and other parts; it consists of a spheroid capsule enclosing elongated and polyg- onal cells between which are the club-shaped terminations of the nerve fibrils, c. lamello'sum [BNA], lamellated corpuscle of Vater, of Herbst, or of Pacini; one of the small oval bodies in the skin of the fingers, in the mesentery, and else- where, formed of concentric layers of connective tissue with a soft core in which the axis cylinder runs, splitting up into a number of fibrils which terminate in bulbous enlargements, t. nervo'- CORPUSCULUM 234 CORYZA rum articula're, pi. corpuscula nervo'rum ar- ticula'ria [BNA], an articular nerve corpuscle, see c. nervorum terminale. c. nervo'rum genita'- le, pi. corpus' cula nervo'rum genita'lia [BNA], genital nerve corpuscles, see c. nervorum ter- minale. c. nervo'rum termina'Ie, pi. corpus'- cula nervo'rum termina'lia [BNA], one of the terminal corpuscles of the nerves; these are: Krause's bulb-like corpuscles, Vater's or Pacini's lamellated corpuscles, Meissner's touch cor- puscles, genital and articular corpuscles, c. re'nis [BNA], Malpjghian corpuscle, the capsula glomeruli and its inclosed capillaries in the kidney, in which the secretion of the water of the urine occurs, c. tac'tus [BNA], touch corpuscle, Meissner's corpuscle; one of very numerous oval bodies found in the papillEe of the corium, especially that of the fingers and toes : they consist of a connective-tissue capsule in which the axis-cylinder fibrils terminate in discoid or rounded enlargements. corrective (kor-eVtiv). i. Counteracting, modify- ing or changing what is injurious. 2. A drug which modifies or corrects an undesirable or in- jurious effect of another drug. Cor'rigan's cau'tery [Sir Dominic John Corrigan, Irish pathologist and clinician, 1802-1880.] A thick iron wire, with a disc or rounded button on its curved extremity, for use as a cautery. C.'s disease', (i) pulmonary cirrhosis; (2) insufficiency of the aortic valves. C.'s line, the blue line on the giuns in cases of lead poisoning. C.'s pulse, the water-hammer pidse* of aortic insufficiency. C.'s respira'tion, the blowing expiration of typhus fever. C.'s sign, retarded pulsation in abdominal aneurysm. cor'rigent [L. corrigere, to correct.] Corrective. corrode (kfi-rod') [L. corrodere, to gnaw.] To wear away gradually by pressure, as in case of the tis- sues by a tumor or aneurysm, or by chemical action, as in case of the enamel of the teeth by acid secretions. corrosion (kfi-ro'zhun) [L. corrodere; con-, together, -I- rodere, to gnaw.] Disintegration; specifically, in dentistry, the carious disintegration of the sur- face of a tooth, as distinguished from the wearing away of the surface by chemical or mechanical action; see erosion. « corrosive (k6-ro'siv). i. Causing the wearing away or disintegration of any part or structure. 2. An agent which produces corrosion, such as an acid. c. sub'limate, mercuric chloride, hydrar- gyri chloridum corrosivum. corr'osol. A proprietary remedy said to contain cacodylate and succinate of mercury with a local anesthetic; recommended as a mercurial for hypodermic use and said to be painless. corr'ugator [L. corrugare, to wrinkle.] A muscle which draws together the skin, causing it to wrinkle, u. cu'tis a'ni, c. supercil'ii, see under musculus. cor'tex, gen. cor'ticis, pi. cor'tices [L. bark.] i. The "bark or outer investment of the trunk, roots, and branches of a tree. 2. The outer portion of an organ such as "the kidney, as distinguished from the inner, or medullary, portion. 3. The exter- nal plicated layer of gray matter covering the hemispheres of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Corti's arch (kor'te) [Alfonso Corti, ItaUan histolo- gist, 1822-1888.] The arch formed by the junction of the heads of C.'s rods. C.'s canal', C.'s tunnel. C.'s cells, hair cells of the organ of C. ; short columnar nucleated cells from the free extremity of which project a number of fine hair- like processes; there are two rows of these cells, one on either side of the tunnel of C. C.'s gang'lion, ganglion spirale. C.'s mem'brane, membrana tectoria. C.'s or'gan, organon spirale. C.'s pil'lars, C.'s rods. C.'s rods, pillar cells, supporting cells of the organ of C. ; they consist of two sets, inner and outer, which rest with their bases wide apart on the basilar membrane, while their heads are in contact, forming thus a spiral duct, tunnel of C. C.'s teeth, Hiischke's* teeth. C.'s tun'nel, the spiral canal in the organ of C, formed by the outer and inner pillar cells or rods of C. ; it is filled with fluid and occasionally crossed by non-meduUated nerve fibers. cor'tical. Relating to the cortex, in any sense. corticifugal ( kor-t!-sif 'ugal) [L. cortex, rind, bark, + fugere, to flee.] Passing in a direction away from the outer surface, noting especially nerve fibers conveying impulses away from the brain cortex. corticipetal (kor-tl-sip'e-tal) [L. cortex, rind, bark, + petere, to seek.] Passing in a direction toward the outer surface, noting especially nerve fibers con- veying impulses toward the cerebral cortex. cor"tico-aff'erent. Corticipetal. cor"tico-eff'erent. Corticifugal. corticospi'nal. Relating to the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. corun'dum. Native crystalline aluminum oxide. coruscation (kor-us-ka'shun) [L. coruscare, to flash.] A subjective sensation as of a flash of light be- fore the eyes. Corvisart's disease' (kor-ve-sar') [Jean Nicolas Corvisart, Parisian physician, 1755-1821.] Chronic hypertrophic myocarditis. C.'s fa'cies, the fades of cardiac insufficiency. cor'ybantism [G. korybas, a priest of Cybele.] Wild delirium with hallucinations. corydalin (kor-id'al-in). A brownish yellow bitter extractive from corydalis, employed in the skin affections of syphilis and scrofula, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06—0.2). corydaline (kor-id'al-en). An alkaloid, Ci.HiaNO^, from corydalis; tonic and diuretic in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06). coryd'alis [G. korydallis, the crested lark, referring to the shape of the flower.] (N.F.) The tuber of Corydalis {Bicuculla) canadensis, turkey pea, wild hyacinth, turkey corn, squirrel corn; tonic and alterative in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0), or iTjio (0.6) of the N.P. fluidextract. cor'yfin. The ethyl glycolic acid ester of menthol; a colorless oily fluid recommended as a substitute for menthol as an external application in head- ache, coryza, and catarrhal affections of the pharynx and nasopharynx. cor'ymb [G. korymbos, a cluster of flowers.] A raceme in which the lower flower stalks are so much longer than the upper ones that they ter- minate on a level, forming a flat, or nearly flat, surface. Corynebacterium (k6-ri"ne-bak-te'ri-um) [G. koryne, club, -I- bacterium.'l A genus of bacilli, charac- terized by club-shaped swellings and meta- chromatic granules at the extremities, and by branching forms in old cultures. C. commu'ne, the pseudodiphtheria bacillus. C. diphthe'rice, the diphtheria bacillus. 0. granulomato'sis malig'ni, C. hodgkini. C. hodg'klni, a diph- theroid bacillus found in a case of Hodgkin's dis- oase. C. lym'phas vaccina'Us, a bacillus found occasionally in vaccine lymph. C. mal'lei, the glanders bacillus. coryza (k6-ri'zah) [G.] Acute rhinitis,'* cold in the CORYZA ^35 COTYLOID head. c. foet'ida, ozaena. t. cBdemato'sa, an edema of the submucous connective tissue cov- ering the middle and inferior turbinated bodies. cory'zol. Trade name of a preparation contain- ing oil of eucalyptus and formaldehyde, recom- mended in the treatment of coryza by inhala- tion. cosapiin (ko'sa,-prin). Sodium acetsulphanilate, a light greenish crystalline powder or whitish masses, soluble in water; antipyretic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). Coschwitz's duct (kosh'vits) [Georgius Daniel Coschwitz, German physician, 1679-1729.] A supposed salivary duct said to proceed from the submaxillary and sublingual glands and to form an arch over the dorsum of the tongue; von Haller showed the duct to be a vein. coscin'ium [G. koskinon, a. sieve] (B.A.) The dried stem of Coscinium fenestratum, an Indian herb; bitter tonic similar to calumba. cosmesis (koz-me'sis) [G. kosmesis, an adorning.] A regard in therapeutics, especially in surgical operations, for the appearance of the patient; a resort to an operation which will improve the looks, or avoidance of one which will mutilate or disfigure in any way. cosmet'ic. Relating to cosmesis; noting anything, especially a surgical or dental operation which will improve the appearance of a person or pre- vent disfigurement. cosmobion, pi. cosmo'hia (koz-mo'bl-on) G. kosmos, a set form or order, + bios, life.] Any bilateral symmetrically developed organism, as distin- gtiished from one in which the two sides are not symmetrical, i.e. a deformity. cosxnoline (koz'mo-len). Trade name of various preparations of solid and liquid paraffin, re- sembling vaseline. cos'ta, gen. cosi o 0V C D Jrinary Crystals: A, ammonium urate; B, uric acid; C, calcium oxalate; D, triple phosphate. rstalliza'tion. The assumption of a crystalline form when a vapor or liquid becomes solidified. wa'ter of c, a definite number of molecules of water which certain substances must take up in Drder to assume a crystalline form; the presence af the water does not alter the chemical properties Df the substance. rs'talloid. i. Resembling a crystal. 2. A body which in solution can pass through an animal mem- brane, as distinguished from a colloid which has not this property. 3. A crystal of organic or albuminoid matter. rstallopho'bia [G. krystallon, crystal, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of glass objects. rs'tallose. A saccharinate . of sodium used like saccharine as a sweetener in place of sugar when carbohydrates are contraindicated. . Chemical symbol of cesiiim. J. Carbon bisulphide, thiocarbonic anhydride. . Chemical symbol of copper (^cuprum). 'beb, cu'bebs. Cubeba. ■beba [Ar. and Hindu, kababa.] (U.S. and Br.) Cubeb, cubebs, the dried unripe, but fully grown Emit of Piper cubeba, a climbing plant of the East [ndies; stimulant, carminative, and stomachic in loses of 5i-2 (2.0-8.0). beb'ic acid. An amorphous y low substance, [^ijHiiO,, obtained from cubeb. bebin. A bitter crystalline principle, CjoHjoO,, obtained from cubeb; therapeutically inert. l)icle (ku'bi-kl) [L. cubiculum, a, bedroom.] A small bedroom; one of the compartments in a school bedroom formed by a low partition surrounding a bed. u. meth'od, hospital care of patients with contagious diseases, each being in a compartment separated from the general ward by a low partition, thus securing isolation while providing for light and ventilation. cu'bital. Relating to the forearm, or more partic- tdarly to the ulna. c. bone, cuneiform bone, OS* triquetrum. u. nerve, nervus ulnaris. cubitocar'pal. Radiocarpal. cu'bitus, gen. cu'biti [L. elbow.] Elbow. Forearm. Ulna. c. val'gus, deviation of the extended forearm to the inner side of the axis of the limb. c. va'rus, gunstock deformity of the elbow, devia- tion of the extended forearm outward from the axis of the limb. cu'boid [G. kybos, cube, -f- eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a cube in shape, c. bone, os cuboi- deum. cuboid'al. Cuboid; relating to the os cuboideum. cucul'la [L. a cowl.] i. The lower part of the trapezius muscle. 2. One of the nasal cartilages. cuculla'ris [L. cucullus, a hood.] Musculus trapezius. cucul'late [L. cuculla, cucullus, a cowl.] In botany, hood-shaped, noting a leaf or other structure. cu'cumber [L. cucumis.] The edible fleshy fruit of Cucumis saiivus and other species of Cucumis. cu'cumber-shin. Curvature of the tibia with con- vexity forward. Cu'cumis. A genus of plants including the cu- cumber. Cucurbitaces (ku-kur-bl-ta'se-e) [L. cucurbiia, gourd.] An order of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants; the corolla, however, being usually gamopetalous; it includes pumpkins, squashes, muskmelons and cuctunbers. cucur'bital. Cucurbitula, cucurbitula [dim. of L. cucurbita, gourd.] A small cupping-glass, cucurbital. cudbear (kud'bair). Persio (N.P.), a red-brown powder obtained from certain lichens, especially Lecanora tartarea, by heating with diluted am- monia and then treating with sulphuric acid and sodium chloride; it is used in the arts as a dye and in pharmacy as a coloring agent ; see tinctura persionis. cuff opera'tion. A method of nephiropexy in which the capsule is split and peeled back, then folded several times and stitched to the muscles. CuguillJre's se'rum (kii-ge-yer') [E. Cuguillkre, French physician, contemporary.] A solution of allylum sulphide 1, tincture of myrrh x, in Hayem's glycerinated serum 100; a light yellow syrapy fluid with a strong odor of garlic; em- ployed hypodermically in tuberculosis in doses of 3i-4 (2.0-15.0). Cuignet's meth'od (kii-e-nya') [Ferdinand Louis Joseph Cuignet, French ophthalmologist, *r823.] Retinoscopy. cuirass (kwe-ras') [Fr. cuirasse, a breastplate.] A term in symptomatology and* pathology having reference to the thorax, tabet'ic c, an anesthetic area on the chest sometimes noted in cases of tabes dorsalis. cul-de-sac, pi. culs-de-sac (kul-de-sak') [Fr. bottom of a sack.] A blind pouch or tubular cavity closed at one end, diverticvilum, cecum, con- junc'tival c, the fold of junction of the ocular and the palpebral cdnjunctiva. Doug'las's c, exca- vatio rectouterina [BNA]. great'er c, fundus of the stomach, less'er c, antrum pylori. Cu'lez. A genus of mosquitos. C. fati'gans, the brown household mosquito of the tropics and subtropics; believed to be the intermediate host CULEX 246 CUNEATE of several species of filaria and of the contagium vivum of dengue. , C. pip'iens, the brown house- hold mosquito of Europe, the northern United States, and Canada. Culicidae (ku-lis'i-de). A family of dipterous in- sects, including mosquitos, gnats, and midges. cu'Ucidal [L. culex(^culic-), mosquito, + ccedere, to kill.] Destructive to mosquitos. cu'Ucide. An agent which destroys mosquitos. culicifuge (ku-lis'I-fuj) [L. culex{culic-), mosquito, + fugare, to drive away.] i. Driving away gnats and mosquitos. 2. An agent which keeps mosquitos from biting. culm [L. culmus, a stem.] A hollow stem, with solid nodes, as the bamboo, bearing leaves at each node. cul'men [L. summit.] [BNA] The anterior promi- nent portion of the monticulus of the vermis of the cerebellum. cultiva'tion [L. culHvare, to cultivate.] Culture, frac'tional c, the attempt to obtain a pure culture by taking a bit from a mixed culture and trans- ferring it to a new medium ; when this has devel- oped into a colony, a minute portion of it is taken to form a new ciilture, and so on until a culture of a single species is obtained. cul'tural. Relating to a culture of microorganisms. culture (kul'chur) [L. cultura, tillage.] i. The propagation of microorganisms on or in artificial media of various kinds. 2. A growth of micro- organisms on or in an artificial medium such as bouillon, potato, agar jelly, etc. drop c, hanging- drop c. flask c, a c. on a gelatin or agar medium solidified on one side of a flat flask, hang'ing- block c, a cube of solidified agar medium is inoculated and then sealed to a cover-glass and inverted over a moist chamber or hollowed slide. hang'ing-dxop c, a culttire obtained in a drop of fluid medium on the under surface of a cover- glass resting on a hollowed slide, liq'uid c, one made by introducing some of the material from a bacterial colony into a test-tube containing bouillon, whey, or other fluid meditun. nail c, a tube c. in which the colony grows downward in the shape of an iron nail, nee'dle c, stab c. plate c, one made in a solid medium spread evenly in it shallow dish, pure c, one containing only one species of microorganism ; a c. derived from a single cell, roll-tube c, one made in a gelatin medium which is solidified on the inside of a test- tube by rolling the tube, horizontally held, in cold water or on a cake of ice. shake c, one made by seeding a liquefied gelatin or agar culture, distributing the material thoroughly by agitation, and then allowing the medium to solidify in the tube held upright, slant c, a culture made on the slanting surface of a medium which has been solidified in a test-tube inclined from the perpen- dicular so as to give a greater area than that of the lumen of the tube, smear c, a c. obtained by smearing the infected material on the sur- face of a solidifiedmedium. sol'id c, one made on the surface, or in the interior of gelatin, agar, potato, or other solid medium, stab c, a tube of solid gelatin medium is inoculated by passing in a wire previously dipped in material containing the bacteria to be examined, streak c, a liquefied gelatin or agar medium is poured out on a Petri plate and allowed to solidify, and is then inoculated along a series of parallel streaks by a wire dipped in the material to be cultivated. Btroke c, a c. made by drawing an infected plati- num wire across the surface of a solid medium. thrust c, stab c. tube c, (i) one following the sowing of microorganisms on agar or other solid medium contained in a test-tube; (2) a culture made by inoculating bouillon or other fiuid in a test-tube. ^y v^ O ^ \y ^j \y \^ kj o \^ O v_y 4 ^ ^_y s kj kJ Gelatin Stab Cultures: A. Characters of surface eleva- tion; I, flat; 2, raised; 3, convex; 4, pulvinate; 5, capitate; 6, umbilicate; 7, umbonate, B. Characters of growth in depth in non-Uquefyinj; cultures; i, fili- form; 2, beaded; 3, echinate; 4, arborescent; s, villous. C. Types of lit^uef action; i, crateriform; 2, napiform, 3, saccate; 4, infundibulifomi; 5, stratiform. (From Chester's "A Manual of Determinative Bacteriology," The Macmillan Company, Publishers.) Cul'ver's phys'ic. Leptandra. C.'s root, C.'s physic. cu'marin. Coumarin. cu'mene. Ctunol, trimethylbenzene, a colorless liquid obtained from coal-tar, employed in the sterilization of catgut. cum'in, cum'min [L. cuminum]. Kummel, the dried ripe fruit of Cuminum cyminum; an aromatic stomachic, used for the relief of nausea and flatu- lence in doses of 3i— i (2.0-4.0). cu'mol. Cumene. cumulative (ku'mu-la-tiv) [L. cumulaius, heaped up.] Increasing by successive additions, t. ac'tion, noting the action of a drug which develops sud- denly and with considerable intensity, after per- haps a number of doses have been taken with no apparent, or but slight, effect cu'mulus [L. a heap.] A collection or heap of cells, noting the c. oSph'orus [BNA], c. proligerus, discus proligerus, a mass of epithelial cells sur- roimding the ovum in the Graafian follicle. cuneate (ku'ne-at) [L. cuneare, to make like a wedge. Wedge-shaped. CUNEIFORM 247 CUPULA cuneifonn (ku'ne-I-form) [L. cuneus, wedge, + forma, form.] Wedge-shaped, cuneate. c. bone, one of four bones, one in the carpus and three in the tarsus; the carpal bone, pyramidal bone, os triquetrum [BNA], articulates with the semilunar, fusiform, and unciform; the ist, 2d, and 3d (or internal, middle, and external) tarsal cuneiform bones articulate respectively with the 1st and 2nd metatarsal, 2nd cuneiform, and navicular; with the 2d metatarsal, ist and 3rd cuneiform, and navicular; and with the 2d, 3d, and 4th metatar- sal, 2d cuneiform, cuboid, and navicular bones. cuneocu'boid. Relating to the third cuneiform and the cuboid bones. , cu"neohysterec'tomy [L. cuneus, wedge, + G. hystera, uterus, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of a wedge-shaped piece from the body of the uterus for the correction of extreme flexion. cuneonavic'ular. Relating to the cuneiform and the naviciilar bones. cuneoscaph'oid. Cuneonavicular. cu'neus [L. wedge.] The mesial aspect of the occipital lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, sep- arated from the precuneus anteriorly by the parieto-occipital fissure and from the lingual gyrus inferiorly by the calcarine fissure. cunic'ulus [L. an tmderground passage.] The burrow of the itch-mite in the epidermis. Cu'nila maiia'na, C. origanoi'des. American or mountain dittany, wild basil; the herb is em- ployed like other members of the LabiaitB, mint family, as a diuretic and diaphoretic in doses of 1515-30 (0.3—2.0) of a tincture. Conisset's test (kii-ue-sa'). For bile in the urine, a yellow color being produced on shaking the sus- pected fluid with chloroform. cunnilinguist (kun"i-llng'gwist) [L. cunnus, pu- denda, -f- lingua, tongue.] A. female pervert who makes lingual friction of the vulva of another. cun'nus [L.] Pudenda, vulva. CuO. Cupric oxide, black oxide of copper. CUjO. Cuprous oxide, red oxide of copper. cuorin (ku'or-in). A lipoid substance existing in the heart muscle and found nowhere else; it is allied to lecithin, but is a diphosphatid, containing two phosphate group radicles instead of one. cup [A. S. cuppe.] I. An excavated or cup-shaped structure, either anatomical or pathological, z. A cupping-glass. 3. To apply a cupping-glass. dry c, a cupping-glass applied to the unbroken surface for the purpose of drawing blood to the part without abstracting any; see wet c. glau- co'matous t., an excavation of the optic disc occurring in glaucoma, op'tic c, the secondary ocular vesicle, made cup-shaped by pressure of the lenticular vesicle, physiolog'ical c, a funnel- shaped excavation of the optic disc, an exag- geration of the normal depression, caused by the dragging of the ciliary muscle in efforts at accom- modation, ret'iual c, excavation of the optic disc, wet c, a cupping-glass applied to a part previously scarified or incised, in order to draw away blood. cu'pola. Cupula. cupped (kupt). Hollowed, made cup-shaped. cupp'ing. I. Formation of a hollow, or cup-shaped excavation. 2. Application of a cupping-glass. c. of the op'tic disc, an exaggeration of the normal depression at the center of the optic disc, seen in cases of glaucoma. cupp'ing-glass. A glass vessel, from which the air has been exhausted by heat or a special suction apparatus, applied to the skin in order to draw blood to the surface. cuprammonia (ku-prS-mo'iiJ-ah). A mixture of a solution of copper hydroxide and aqua ammonias. cuprar'gol. Copper albuminate, a greenish powder, employed in 2 per cent, solution in the treatment of conjunctivitis. cuprase (ku'praz) [L. cuprum, copper, -|- -ase.\ Trade name of colloidal copper hydroxide; it has been employed in the treatment of malignant disease. cu'pratin. Trade name of an albuminate of copper. cu'prea-bark [L. cupreus, coppery.] The copper- colored bark of Remijia purdicana and i? . peduncu- lata, trees of Colombia, yielding quinine, quini- dine, and cinchonine. cupreine (ku'pre-en). An alkaloid, C19H22N2O2 -I- 2H2O, from cuprea-bark, occurring in the form, of colorless crystals. cupres'sus oil. A volatile oil from the cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, , employed in whooping- cough. cupriasep'tol. Sulphocarbolate of copper, see under cuprum. cuprohe'mol. A derivative of copper and hemol, recommended in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06—0. 13). cu'prol. A compound of copper and nucleinic acid, employed externally in conjunctivitis and as a stimulating application to sluggish ulcers. cu'prum [L.] Copper, a metallic dyad element, symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.57; several of its salts are employed in medicine, the sulphate, however, being the only one official in U.S. and Br. cu'pri ace'tas neutra'lis, neutral copper acetate, crystal- lized verdigris, occurs in dark green crystals; locally is a stimulating caustic to ulcers ; has been given in tuberculosis in doses of gr. xj— i- (0.005- 0.03). c. alumina'tum, aluminated copper, lapis divinus; made by fusing together 16 parts each of potassium alum, copper sulphate, and potassium nitrate and adding a mixture of i part each of alum and camphor; it is run into pointed sticks or broken up into small pieces; employed in substance or as a coUyrium in a 4-1000 solution, c. ammonia'tum, ammoniated copper, aminoniosulphate of copper, obtained by dissolving one part of copper sulphate in 3 parts of ammonia water and adding 6 parts of alcohol ; formerly used as an antispasmodic and nervine in doses of gr. ^—2 (0.03-0.13). cu'pri arse'nis, copper arsenite, a green crystalline powder; used in anemia in doses of gr. ao(i ~ 16 T (0.0003- 0.0006). cu'pri chlo'ridum, copper chloride, has been used as an antiseptic in the treatment of water supplies, for which it is said to be stronger than copper sulphate, cu'pri o'leas, copper oleate, a greenish blue powder, obtained by precipitating a solution of Castile soap with a solution of copper sulphate; employed in i to 20 per cent, oint- ment as a stimulant to indolent granulations. cu'pri subace'tas, copper subacetate, verdigris. cu'pri sul'phas (U.S. and Br.), copper sulphate, CUSO1.5H2O, blue stone, blue vitriol, occurs as large clear azure crystals ; tonic and astringent in doses of gr. J— J (0.015-0.03) and emetic in doses of gr. 3-5 (o . 2-0 . 3) ; locally is styptic, astringent, and mildly escharotic, used largely in ophthalmic practice, cu'pri sulphocar'bolas, copper sulpho- carbolate, cupriaseptol, light green crystals, soluble in water, employed as an antiseptic and hemostatic. cup-shaped. Scyphoid. cupula (ku'pu-lah) [L. a cup, dim. of cupa, a tub.] Cupola. I. A fine striated membranous struc- ture covering the hair cells of the crista ampul- CUPULA 248 CURRENT laris. i. The dome-like apex of the cochlea. 3. The summit of one of the solitary glands of the intestine, c. pleu'rae [BNA] cervical pleura, the dome-shaped roof of the pleural cavity ex- tending up through the superior aperture of the thorax. cupule (ku'pul) [L. cupula.] 1. A hard cup-shaped involucre, developed below an inflorescence after fertilization, as in the acorn, z. A receptacle, re- sembling the cupule of an acorn, in certain fungi. Cupulif'eras [L. cupula, a little cup, -I- ferre, to bear.] An order of monochlamydeous, dicotyledonous plants; it includes the oaks, birches, alders, and hazels. Curasao (ku-rS-so') [Curasao, one of the Dutch West India islands.] A liqueur or cordial made of alcohol, sugar, and bitter-orange peel. curanjiin (ku-ran'ji-in). A bitter glucoside from Curanga amara, an East Indian shrub; tonic, febrifuge, and anthelmintic. curara, curare, curari (ku-rah'rah, ku-rah're). Ourari, urari, wourara, wourali, woorari, etc., Indian arrow-poison, an extract of various poi- sonous plants, especially Strychnos ioxifera, oc- curring as a blackish brown substance; internally it is practically inert, but subcutaneously is a muscular paralyzant, death occurring from pa- ralysis of the respiration; employed chiefly in physiological experiments upon animals, dose curarine (ku'rah-ren). The alkaloidal active prin- ciple of curare, occurring in the form of a yellow- ish amorphous powder; formula, C^HjiNOj, or CijHjjN, or CigHjjNjO, according to various analysts; dose, gr. 2ao ~ iS tr (0.0003-0.0006). curariza'tion. The induction of a condition of ex- treme muscular exhaustion, simulating paralysis, by the administration of curare. cu'rarize. To induce motor, but not sensory paralysis by the administration of curare. curb. Inflammation of the calcaneocuboid liga- ment in the horse, accompanied by a hard and painful swelling at the back of the hock; it is characterized by swelling and heat in the part and generally by lameness. ciir'cas. A shrub of South America, an oil expressed from the nut of which possesses purgative prop- erties like castor oil or croton oil. curcuma (kur'ku-mah)[ Ar. kurkum, saffron.] Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa or C. rotunda (Amomum curcuma), an Indian plant of the ginger family; was formerly employed as a stimulant and in the treatment of jaundice, but is now used only as a condiment. curd. The coagulum of milk, arum c, milk coagulated by alum. cure [L. curare, to care for.] r. To heal, to make well. 2. A restoration to health. 3. [Ger. Kur.] A special method or course of treatment, di'et c, a system of treatment by regulation of the diet, econom'ic c, the arrest or betterment of a chronic disease, such as tuberculosis, to such an extent as to permit the patient to earn his living in some light occupation, grape c, treat- ment of abdominal plethora by an exclusive diet of grapes, hun'ger c, treatment of disease by restriction of the diet. milk c, treatment by means of an exclusive milk diet, move'ment c, kinesitherapy. terrain' c, see terrain, water c, hydrotherapy. whey c, treatment by drinking large amounts of whey. curettage (ku-ret'ej). Scraping the interior of a cavity with the curette for the removal of new growths or other abnormal tissues. curette (ku-ref) [Fr.] i . An instrument in the form of a loop, ring, or scoop, with sharpened edges, attached to a rod-shaped handle, employed to scrape the interior of a cavity for the removal of new growths or altered tissues. 2. To employ a curette. curettement (ku-ret'ment). Curettage. curie (ku're; kti-re') [Pierre Curie, French chemist, 1859-1906; Marie Sklodowska Curie, Polish chemist, ♦1867, widow of Pierre C. ; the two were the discoverers of radium.] A unit of measurement of radium emanation, being the mass of parti- cles emitted in equilibrium with 1 gram of pure radium. C. ther'apy, treatment of disease by means of radium. cu'rine. A non-poisonous crystalline alkaloid of curare, CigHijNOj. curled (kurld). Occurring in wavy parallel lines, noting certain bac- terial colonies, such as of the an- thrax bacillus. Cur'llng's ul'cer. Ulcer of the duo- denum associated with extensive burns. curr'ent [L. currens; currere, to run.] A stream or flow of fluid, air, or electricity, ac'tion c, an electrical current induced in a contracting muscle, after c, an electrical cur- rent induced in a muscle upon the clostire of a constant current which Fenestrated has been passing through it. al'ter- Curette. nating c, an electrical current the direction of which is constantly and rapidly re- versed without ^eing broken, ascen'ding c, an electrical current passing from the anode at the periphery to the cathode over the nerve center. axial c, the central, rapidly moving portion of the blood-stream in an artery, centrifugal c, descending c. centrip'etal c, ascending c. con'- stant c, contin'uous c, a non-alternating and un- broken electrical current. d*Arsonval' c, high- frequency c. descen'ding c, an electrical current passing from the anode over the nerve center to the cathode at the periphery, direct' c, continu- ous c. from a galvanic battery, farad'ic c, see faradic. galvan'ic c, see galvanic, high-fre'- quency c, an alternating electric current having a frequency of 10,000 or more per second; it pro- duces no muscular contractions and does not af- fect the sensory nerves; d'Arsonval c, Tesla c. high-poten'tial c, high-tension c. high -ten' sion c, one in which there is a high degree of tension, increasing the electromotive force, induced' c, see induction, indu'cing c, the primary c. which gives rise to a secondary c, in the induc- tion* coil, interrup'ted c, a frequently broken electrical c. lab'ile c, an electrical c. applied to the body by means of electrodes which are con- stantly shifted about. Le Due c, see Le Due. Oudin c, see Oudin. pr 'mary c, inducing u. reversed' c, a c. of changed direction, sec'ondary c, induced c. stnusoid'al c, an alternating c, the voltage of which rises from zero to a. maximum and falls again to zero, when a reversed c. takes place; the curve of such a current is a true sine curve, alternately above and below the line, whence the name sinusoidal, stat'ic c, an electrical c. generated by a static* machine. swell'ing c, an electrical c. of constantly chang- ing strength. Tes'la c, high-frequency c. RRICULUM 249 CUTIRE ACTION ric'ulum [L. a. course, a race.] The regular Durse of study in a university or other insti- ution of learning. schmaim's disease' (koorsh'mahn) [Heinrich 'urschmann, German physician, 1 846-1 910.] rested liver. C.'s spi'rals, spirally twisted lasses of mucus occurring in the' sputum in ronchial asthma. 'vature [L. curvaiura.] A bending or flexure. n'gular c, the sharp bend in the spine in Pott's isease. ante'ribr c, kyphosis, back'ward c, jrdosis. gin'givtil c, the rounding of the gum long its line of attachment to the neck of a 00th. lat'eral c, scoliosis. Pott's c, angu- ir c. re [L. curvare, to bend.] i. Curvature, a non- ngular continuous bend. 2. Chart; a graphic jpresentation, by means of a continuous line of lifting direction, of the course of the tempera- ire or ptilse, of the numbers of cases of a disease I a given period, or of any other group of parts 'hich might be otherwise presented by a table of gures; a sphygmogram or any other tracing lade by a recording instrument, ten'sion c, [le direction of the trabeculae in cancellous bone issue adapted to resist stress, aline'ment c, [le line passing through the center of the teeth iterally in the direction of the curve of the dental rch. buccal c, the line of the dental arch from lie canine, or cuspid, tooth to the third molar. om'pensating c, the curve formed by the occlusal, r grinding, surfaces of the premolar and molar eeth, especially of the lower artificial teeth so hat they may be in contact with those of the ipper arch, den'tal c, dental arch, the bowed ine of the teeth, comprising the alinement, luccal, compensating, and labial curves, la'bial ., the curve of the dental arch between the wo canine, or cuspid, teeth. 'camine. An alkaloid from cusco-bark. 'CO bark. The bark of Cinchona pubescens, ontaining several alkaloids. Cusco's Duckbill Speculum. go's spec'ulum (kiis-ko') [Edouard Gabriel 'usco, Paris surgeon, 1819— 1894.] A bivalve uck-bill vaginal speculum. lon'idine. A cinchona alkaloid from cusco bark. :onine (kus'ko-nen). A cinchona alkaloid, ijsHjeNaOi, from cusco bark; the same as aricine. hing's suture [Hayward "W. Gushing, Boston, [ass., surgeon, contemporary.] A continuous itestinal suture. See cut under suture. liion (koosh'un). In anatomy, any structure 2sembling a. pad or cushion, cor'onaiy c, Dronary* band, epiglott'ic c, tuberculum epi- lotticum. Eusta'chian c, a prominence, formed y the margin of the cartilage, above and behind le pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube. ick'ing c, corpus adiposum buccas. 1O4. Cupric sulphate, sulphate of copper, blue cusp [L. cuspis, point.] i. One of the protuberances on the grinding surface of a tooth, i. A little knob at the center of the free margin of a valve of the heart. cuspa'ria. Carony bark, angostura, angustura; the bark of Cusparia angustura {Galipea cusparia), a tree of the Orinoco basin; a simple bitter, em- ployed also in the treatment of dysentery in doses of gi*. 10-30 (0.6-2.0) of the powder, or 5^1 (i 5- 0—30.0) of a 5 per cent, infusion. cus'pid [L. cuspis, a spike.] Cuspidate, having but one cusp; noting a t. tooth, one of the four canine teeth. cus'pidate. i. Cuspid. ^. In botany, terminating in a hard point. cuspis (kus'pis) [L. a point.] Cusp. cusso (koos'o) [an Abyssinian word.] (Br.) Kousso, brayera (N.F.) ; the dried female inflor- escence of Hagenia abyssinica {Brayera anthel- mintica), a tree of the elevated regions of Abys- sinia; employed as a teniacide, in doses of S i (15.0) of the fluidextract, or 5i— i (15.0-30.0) of the infusion. cu'tal. Trade name of aluminum borotannate; a light brown powder, disinfectant and astringent, used in powder or ointment in the treatment of skin diseases, sol'uble c, a compound of u. with tartaric acid, used for the same purpose as cutal, and also as an injection in gonorrhea. cuta'neous [L. cutaneus; cutis, skin.] Relating to the skin. cuticle (ku'tJ-kl) [L. cuticula, dim. of cuiis, skin.] Epidermis or outer homy layer of the skin. den'tal c, enam'el c, cuticula dentis. ker'atose c, the outer layer of the chorioid coat of the eye, next to the cornea, c. of the root-sheath, a thin layer of cells lining the hair-follicle. cu'ticolor [L. cutis, skin.] Skin-color, flesh-color. cuticula (ku-tik'u-lah) [L. dim. of cutis, skin.] The epidermis or cuticle, c. den'tis, enamel cuticle, Nasmyth's membrane, skin of the teeth; an ex- tremely thin cuticular layer covering the enamel of recently erupted teeth, c. pi'li, cuticle of the root-sheath. cutic"ulariza'tion. Healing of an abrasion of the skin or ulcer by the spread of epidermis over the surface. cutidure (ku'tl-dur) [L. cutis, skin, -f- durus, hard.] I. The homy layer of the epidermis, a. The coronary* band in the horse. cutigeral cavity (ku-tij'er-al) [L. cutis, skin, -H gerere, to carry.] A semicylindrical gutter, extending along the inner portion of the upper part of the wall of a horse's hoof; it lodges the coronary band. cu'tin [L. cutis, skin.] i. The substance forming the cuticular layer of the stems and leaves of plants. J. A specially prepared thin animal membrane used as a protective covering for wounded surfaces. cutireaction (ku"t![-re-ak'shun) [cutis, skin, -f- re- action.'] An irritative or inflammatory reaction in the skin, in certain infectious (usually (ihronic) diseases, following the application of an extract of the organism causing the infection ; used as a diagnostic measure, most frequently in tubercu- losis, but also for glanders, leprosy, typhoid fever, tinea, and syphilis; there are three modes of ob- taining the reaction, viz., the cutaneous, the intra- cutaneous, and the percutaneous; see Lautier, Ligniires, Mora, and Pirquet. difieren'tial c, simultaneous inoculation of concentrated old tuberculin, a filtrate of human tubercle bacilli, and a filtrate of bovine tubercle bacilli, the CUTIREACTION 250 CYCLENCEPHALIA object being to determine by the reaction whether the patient is suffering from human or from bovine infection, or is free trom tuberculosis of any origin. cu'tis [L.] Skin, integumentum* commune [BNA]. c. anseri'na, goose-flesh, contraction of the erectores pilonim muscles, under the influence of cold or fear, rendering prominent the mouths of the hair-follicles, c. elas'tica, a condition in which the skin is abnormally elastic and can be pulled out sometimes to an extraordinary dis- tance, returning to its normal shape when released. t. laxa, dermatolysis. c. pen'dula, dermatolysis. t. pen'silis, dermatolysis. c. ve'ra, true skin, corium. retinac'ula c, prolongations of the stroma of the mamma extending into the corium, Cooper's ligajnents. cutisector (ku"tI-sek'tor) [L. cutis, skin, -I- sector, a cutter.] X. An instrument for cutting bits of epidermis for grafting. 2. An instrument for removing a section or cylinder of skin for micro- scopical examination. cutitis (ku-ti'(te')tis). Dermatitis. cu"tituber'culin reac'tion. A diagnostic method in tuberculosis proposed by Ligniferes. The skin is shaved and scraped, but not scarified, and then six drops of undiluted tuberculin are rubbed in with a pledget of cotton. In cases of tuberculosis there is a slight local inflammatory reaction. cutiza'tion. The transition from mucous membrane to skin at the mucocutaneous margins. cu'tol. Cutal. cut'weed. Fucus vesiculosus. Cuvier's canal (ku-ve-a') [Georges Leopold Chretien Fr^d^ric Dagobert Cuvier, French scientist, 1769- 1832.] Sinus venosus in the embryo. C.'s ducts, cardinal veins, veins in the young embryo which convey the blood to the primitive heart. C.'s sinus, C.'s canal. C.'s veins, C.'s ducts. Cy. Chemical symbol sometimes used, instead of CN, for cyanogen. cyanalcohol (si-an-al'ko-hol). A substitution prod- uct in which cyanogen replaces the hydrogen in alcohol. cyanemia, cyanEemia (si-an-e'ml-ah) [G kyanos, blue, + haima, blood.] Imperfect aeration of the blood, that in the arteries resembling venous blood. cyanephidrosis (si-an-ef-i-dro'sis) [G. kyanos, blue, + ephidrosis, sweating.] The excretion of fluid of a bluish tint from the sweat-glands. cyanhemoglo'bin. A compound of hemoglobin with hydrocyanic acid, formed in cases of poison- ing with this substance. cyanhidrosis (si-an-hi-dro'sis) [G. kyanos, blue, + hidrosis, sweating.] Cyanephidrosis. cyanhy'dric acid. Hydrocyanic acid. cyan'ic acid [G. kyanos, dark blue.] An acid formed by the union of oxygen and cyanogen, having the formula CNHO; in its physical properties it is very similar to protoplasm, being fluid and trans- parent at low temperatures and coagulable by heat.^ cyanide (si'an-id, si'an-id). A compound of cyano- gen with an element or another radical. cyanochroia (si-an-o-kroy'ah) [G. kyanos, blue, + chroia, the surface of the body.] Cyanosis. cyanochroic, cyanochrous (si-an-o-kro'ik, si-an-ok'- rus). Cyanotic, cyanosed. cyanocuprol (si"an-o-koo'prol). A double salt of potassium and copper cyanide recommended in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. cyanoderma (si-an-o-dur'mah) [G. kyanos, blue, -f derma, skin.] Cyanosis. cyan'ogen[G. kyanos, iaxkhhie, +-genes, producing.] A compound of one atom each of carbon and nitrogen (CN). According to Pfliiger this is the combination characteristic of life in its last analysis. cyanop'athy [G. kyanos, blue, + pathos, suffering.] Blue disease of infants ; cyanosis. cyanophil, cyanophile (si'an-o-fil, si'an-o-fil) [G. kyanos, blue, + philos, fond.] A cell or element readily taking a blue stain. cyanoph'ilous. Readily stainable with a blue dye. cyanophose (si'an-o-foz). A phose of a bluish color. Cyanophycese (si"an-o-fi'se-e) [G. kyanos, dark blue, -I- phykos, seaweed.] An order of algae, contain*ng two families: Nostocacece, contain- ing chlorophyl, and Bacieriacea, containing no chlorophyl. cyano'pia [G. kyanos, blue, 4- dps, eye.] Cyanopsia. cyanop'sia [G. kyanos, blue, -I- opsis, vision.] Blue sight, a condition in which all objects seem to be colored blue. cyanosed (si'an-ozd). Suffering from cyanosis. cyanosis (si-an-o'sis) [G. kyanos, blue.] A dark bluish or purplish coloration of the skin and mucous membrane due to deficient oxygenation of the blood, enterog'enous c, a persistent cyanosis supposed to be due to the presence of methemoglobin or sulphemoglobin produced by the absorption of toxic agents from the intestine, false c, cyanosis due to the presence of an ab- normal pigment, such as methemoglobin, in the blood, and not resulting from a deficiency of oxygen. cyanot'ic. Relating to or marked by cyanosis, cyanosed. cyasma (si-az'mah) [G. kyesis, pregnancy.] Len- ticular pigmentation of the skin in pregnant women. cyathium (si-ath'i-um) [G. kyaihos, a cup.] An inflorescence having a tubular involucre, with alternating crescentic glandular appendages, en- closing one female flower surrounded by five groups of male flowers. cy'athus [G. kyaihos, cup.] Infundibulum, the hollow stalk of the hypophysis cerebri. cyc'lamin. A saponin-like body, CjuH^jOi,,, obtained from the tuber of the herb Cyclamen europeewm; awhite amorphous or minutely crystalline powder of a bitter acrid taste ; emetic and purgative. cyclarthrodial (si-klar-thro'dl-al). Relating to a cyclarthrosis or rotary joint. cyclarthro'sis [G. kyklos, circle, + arthrosis, articula- tion.] A rotary, or lateral ginglymus, joint; the atlantoepistrophic articulation is an example. Cyclaste'rion scarlatina'le [G. kyklos, rotmd, -f- asterion, dim. of aster, star.] A supposed proto zoan parasite of the cutaneous cells in scarl etf ever. cycle (si'kl) [G. kyklos, circle.] A recurrent series of events. A recurring period of time, car'diac c, the complete round of cardiac cystole and dias tole with the intervals between, endog'enous c . the growth and reproduction of the malarial parasite, or other hematozoon, within the body of the vertebrate host, exog'enous c, the sexual stage passed by the malarial parasite, or similar hematozoon, in the body of the invertebrate host. life c, the entire life history of the malarial or other blood parasite in the bodies of the verte- brate and invertebrate hosts. cyclencephalia, cyclencephaly (si-klen-se-fa'U-ah, si- klen-sef'S-lI) [G. kyklos, circle, -I- enkephalos, brain.] A monstrosity marked by a horseshoe fusion of the two cerebral hemispheres, often associated with cyclopia. GLIC 251 CYME ;lic. Occurring periodically, noting especially de course of the symptoms in certain mental ffections. t. com'pound, closed-chain* com- ound. u. flow'er, one the leaves of which are ar- mged in whorls, c. insan'ity, circular insanity, a jmi in which different types, such as mania and lelancholia, succeed each other, sometimes sparated by an interval of apparent sanity; lanic-depressive insanity, c. rom'iting, period- :al vomiting.* licot'omy. Cyclotomy. litis (si-kli'(kle')tis) [G. kyklos, circle (ciliary ody), + -itis.} Inflammation of the ciliary ody. plas'tic c, inflammation of the ciliary ody, and usually of the entire uveal tract, with fibrinous exudation into the anterior chamber nd vitreous, pure c, uncomplicated c, the is not being involved in the inflammatory rocess. pu'rulent c, suppurative inflammation f the ciliary body, including usually the iris. B'rous c, simple c, serous iritis, punctate kera- itis, descemetitis ; simple inflammation of the iliary body without suppuration or plastic xudate. locepha'lia, cycloceph'aly [G. kyklos, round, + ephalS, head.] Cyclencephaly. lochorioiditis (si-klo - ko-re - oy - di' (de')tis) . In- ammation of the ciliary body and the chorioid oat of the eye. .odialysis (si-klo-di-al'i-sis) [G. kyklos, circle miliary body), + dialysis, a separating, breaking p.] The establishment of a communication be- ween the anterior chamber and the supra- dorioidal space in order to relieve intraocular ressure in glaucoma. ophoria (si-klo-faw'rJ-ah) [G. kyklos, circle, + hora, movement.] Heterophoria caused by lack E equilibrium of the oblique muscles of the eye. o'pia [Kyklops {kyklos, circle, + dps, eye,) mythological giant with one eye in the middle E the forehead.] Synophthalmia, a congenital efect in which the two orbits are fused into a ngle cavity containing one rudimentary eye. ;'is usually combined with cyclencephaly. oplegia (si-klo-ple'ji-ah) [G. kyklos, circle, + ^'Bge, stroke.] Paralysis of accommodation, loss \ power in the ciliary muscle of the eye. ople'gic. J.. Relating to cycloplegia. 2. Any- ling which paralyzes the ciliary muscle and thus le power of accommodation. lops [see cyclopia.'\ A monster with fusion of le orbits into one. o'sis [G. kykloo, I whirl ■ound.] The movement \ the protoplasm and mtained plastids within le protozoan cell, jthymia (si-klo-thi'ml- 1) [G. kyklos, circle, + ymos, rage.] Manic- jpressive psychosis, cir- ilar or cyclic insanity, pecially when marked f attacks of mild form. athy'miac, cyclothy'mic. elating to cyclothymia or cyclic insanity. lotome. A delicate knife for use in cyclotomy. Dt'omy [G. kyklos, circle, + tome, incision.] peration of cutting the ciliary muscle. o'tus [G. kyklos, a circle, + ous(pt-), ear.] Syno- is. I'nium [G. kydonion, quince] The seed of ydonia cydonia the quince, employed as a smulcent. Synophthalmus, OR Cyclops. cyesiognosis (si-e-sl-og-no'sis) [G. kyesis, pregnancy, + gnosis, knowledge.] The diagnosis of preg- nancy. cyesiology (si-e-sl-ol'o-jl) [G. kiSsis, pregnancy, 4- -logia.] Obstetrics, the branch of medical science which has to do with pregnancy and parturition cye'sis [G. kiesis.] Pregnancy. Cyl. Abbreviation for cylinder, or cylindrical lens. cyl'inder [G. kylindros, a roll.] i. A geometrical figure formed by the revolution of a rectangle around one of its sides. ^. A cylindrical lens. 3. A renal cast.* cylindraxile (sil-in-drak'sil). Axis-cylinder. cylin'dric, cylin'drical. Relating to, or of the shape of, a cylinder, c. lens, a lens one or both sur- faces of which have the curve of a cylinder, either concave (minus) or convex (plus); a c. lens refracts the rays of light in only one of its principal meridians; it is used in eyeglasses to correct astigmatism. cylin'drifonn [G. kylindros, cylinder, + L. forma, form.] Shaped like a cylinder. cylindroadenoma (sil'in-dro-ad-e-no'mah). A tumor composed of collections of hyaline cylinders sur- rounding dilated capillaries of the lymph glands, and themselves surrounded by round cells. cylin"droceU'ular. Relating to cylindrical cells. cylindrodendrite (sil'in-dro-den'drit) [{axis)cylinder + dendrite.'] A process given off from an axis- cylinder process, or neuraxon; paraxon. cyrindroid [G. kylindros, roll, cylinder, + eidos, appearance.] i. Resembling a cylinder; more or less cylindrical. 2. A mucous cast, false cast, an elongated mass of mucus in the urine. cylindro'ma,- pi. cylindro'maia [G. kylindros, cylinder, H- -oma.'] I . A form of colloid cancer marked by epithelial ingrowths which appear to enclose the mytxomatous stroma. 2. A tumor composed of a collection of hyaline cylinders, surrounding a central dilated capillary, and themselves surround- ed by round cells. cylindrosarco'ma. A sarcoma presenting the hya- line degeneration characteristic of a cylindroma. cylindruria (sil-in-dru'rl-ah). The presence of renal cylinders or casts in the urine. cyll'in. Trade name of d, dark alkaline liquid obtained from coal-tar ; it contains a number of oxidized hydrocarbons, differing from phenols in having a diphenyl nucleus; antiseptic but not poisonous or caustic; employed internally in doses of nji-5 (0.06-0.3), ^^'^ externally in lotions of the strength of i to 200 and in oint- ments. cyllo'sis [G. kyllosis.} Clubfoot. cymarin (si'mar-in). Trade name of a preparation of apocynum, recommended as a diuretic and cardiac tonic. cym'ba con'chae [G. kymbe, boat.] The upper, smaller, part of the concha lying above the crus helicis. cymbocephalic, cymbocephalous (sim-bo-sS-fal'ik) sim-bo-sef'i-lus) [G. kymbe, bowl, -I- kephale, head.] Having a bowl-shaped skull, one with a depression of the upper surface. cymboceph'aly. The condition of being cymbo- cephalic. cyme (sim) [G. kyma, a breaking wave.] In botany, a form of branching in which the axis of the parent stem terminates in a flower, the lateral shoots growing up above it. bip'arous c, dischasium hel'icoid c, a sympodial branching in which the axes are all on he same side, scor'pioid c, a sympodial branching in which the branches are placed alternately on one and the other side. CYNANCHE 252 CYST cynanche (sin-ang'ke) [G. kynanche, a dog-collar.] Sore throat, c. malig'na, gangrenous pharyn- gitis, c. sublingua'lis, Ludwig's* angina, c. tonsilla'ris, tonsillitis, quinsy. Cynanchum (si-nang'kum) [G. kynanche, sorethroat.] A genus of plants of southern and middle Europe, one species of which furnishes vincetoxicuiu.* cynan'thropy [G. kydn(kyn-), dog, + anthropos, man.] A form of insanity in which the patient barks and growls, imagining himself to be a dog. C3Tiarase (si'nar-az). A rennet ferment obtained from the plant, Cynara cardunculus, cyniatrics (si-nl-at'riks) [G. kyon(kyn-), dog, + iatrike, medical science.] The study and treat- ment of disease in the dog. cyn'ic [G. kyon, dog.] Dog-like, noting a spasm of the muscles of the face, cynic spasm, causing a grin like the snarl of a dog. cyn'obex [G. kydn(kyn-), dog, + hex, cough.] A barking cough. cynocephalus (si-no-sef'S-lus) [G. kyon, dog, -I- kephale, head.] A monster with a head sloping back from the orbits, resembling that of a dog. cynoglos'sum [G. kyon, dog, + glossa, tongue.] Hound' s-tongue, the root of Cynoglossum offici- nale, a weed having a mousy odor; formerly used in glandular tuberculosis, and in large doses said to resemble curare in action. cynophobia (si-no-fo'bl-ah) [G. kydnQiyn-), dog, + phohos, fear.] t. Extreme aversion to, or un- reasonable fear of, dogs. :«. Lyssophobia. cynorex'ia [G. kyon{kyn-), dog, -f- orexis, appetite.] A voracious appetite, bulimia. cynothyrotoxin (si-no-thi-ro-toks'in) [G. kyon, dog, + thyroid, gland, + toxin.] Term given by Berkeley to a substance or group of substances assumed to be present normally in the dog thyroid, but to be toxic in man. Cy'on's ex'periment [Elie de Cyan, Russian physi- ologist, 1S43-1912.] A stimulus applied to an intact anterior spinal nerve root produces a stronger muscular contraction than the same stimulus applied to the peripheral end of a, divided nerve root. C.'s nerve, depressor nerve of the heart, a filament of the vagus. cyophoria (si-o-for'i-ah) [G. kyophored, I am preg- nant. ] Pregnancy. cyophor'ic [G. kyophoros, pregnant.] Relating to pregnancy. cypho'sis, cyphot'ic. Kyphosis, kyphotic. cy'press oil. Cupressus oil. cyp'ridol. Hydriodol; a i per cent, solution of mercuric iodide (biniodide) in sterilized oil, used hypodermically in doses of 3 to 6 minims (0.2- 0.4) in the treatment of syphilis. cypridop'athy [G. Kypris, Venus.] Any venereal disease. cypridophobia (si-prl-do-fo'bl-ah) [G. Kypris, Venus, 4- photos, fear.] 1. A morbid dread of contract- ing venereal disease. 2. An erroneous belief that one is suffering from venereal disease. 3. A mor- bid fear of the sexual act. cyprip'edin. An eclectic concentration product from a tincture of the root of cypripedium; employed in neuralgia and hysteria in doses of gr. i-2 (0.03-0.13). cypripedium (sip-rl-pe'di-um) [G. Kypris, Venus, + pedion, meta.ta.irsus.] (N.F.) The rhizome and roots of Cypripedium hirsutum (C. parviflorum) yellow lady's slipper, yellow moccasin flower, American valerian, male nervine; antispasmodic and nervine, in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). A fluidextract is ofFicial. cypripho'bia. Cypridophobia. Cy'prus fe'ver. Malta fever. cyrtograph (sur'to-graf) [G. kyrtos, bent, -I- grapho- I write.] An instrument for recording the res, piratory movements of the chest. cyrtometer (sur-tom'e-ter) [G. kyrtos, bent, -|- metron, measure.] An instrument for determin- ing the size and shape of the chest. cyrtosis (sur-to'sis) [G. kyrtos, bent.] Any abnor- mal curvature of the spine or of the extremities. cyst (sist) [G kystis, bladder.] i. A bladder. 2. An abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semi- solid material adventi'tious c, a c. resulting from the fonnation of an enclosing wall around a blood effusion or other foreign body. allanto'ic c, a circumscribed dilatation of the urachus. apoplec'tic c, an adventitious \^. formed of the effused blood in apoplexy. athero'xnatous c, a dermoid c, formed from imma- ture epiblastic cells before the dermal structures have been developed, the sac containing therefore only a pultaceou3 mass. blood c, sangineous c. bran'chial c, a congenital c. resulting from the non- closure of a branchial cleft. bursal c, a retention c. in 11 bursa. butter c, an area of saponifying necrosis in a lipoma. chyle c, an embryonal c. of the mesentery, contain- ing chyle. colloid c, one with gelatinous contents. com'pound c, multilocular c. ; a mother c. containing daughter cysts. cuta'neous c, cutic'ular c, any t. of the skin; dermoid c. daughter c, a secondary c, a u., usually multiple, derived from a primary c. I degenera'tion c, involution c. dentig'erous c, follicular odontoma, an expanded dental follicle, containing fluid and one or more teeth. der'moid c, a tumor consisting of displaced epiblastic structures, the wall being formed of epithelium-lined connective tissue and containing epithelium, hair, and other appendages of the skin. dilata'tion c, retention c. disten'tion c, retention c. echinococ'cus c, hydatid c. endothe'lial c, a serous c. whose sac is lined with endothelium. epen'dymal c, a circumscribed distention of some portion of the central canal of the spinal cord or of the cerebral ventricles. epithe'lial c, dermoid c. extra vasa'tion c, hemorrhagic c. exuda'tion c, a c. resulting from distention of a closed cavity, such as a bursa, by an excessive secre- tion of its normal fluid contents. false c, adventitious c. follic'ular c, tubulocyst. gas c, one with gaseous instead of the ordinary liquid or pultaceous contents. hemorrhag'ic c, a c. resulting from the encapsulation of a mass of extravasated blood. hydaf id c, a cyst formed by the lodgment in the liver or elsewhere of an echinococcus larva. implanta'tion c, a cyst originating from a portion of skin grafted into the deeper tissues through some trauma, a traumatic dermoid cyst. inclu'sion c, dermoid c. involu'tion c, a mammary cyst occurring at the menopause, due to cystic degeneration of the gland. lac'teal c, a retention c. in the mammary gland resulting from closure of a lactiferous duct. Meibo'mian c, chalazion. milk c, lacteal c. ^ Morgagn'ian c, hydatid of Morgagni, cystic dilata- tion of the long fimbria of the Fallopian tube. mother c, a primary c. containing other (daughter) cysts within it. mucous c, a retention c. resulting from obstruction m the duct of a mucous gland ST 2S3 CYSTIN inultiloc'ular c, one containing several compart- :ents formed by membranous septa; compound c. necrof ic c, one due to a circumscribed encapsulated rea of necrosis with subsequent liquefaction of the 5ad tissue. neural c, ependymal o. nevoid c, one with an extremely vascular sac. oil c, a c. resulting from fatty degeneration of the 3ithelial lining of a sebaceous, dermoid, or lacteal c. oOphorit'ic c.» an ovarian c. arising from the ovary roper rather than from the parovarium. parasif ic c, one formed by the larva of a metazoan irasite, an hydatid or trichinal c. parent c, mother c. parotiphorific c, an ovarian u. arising from the irovarium. pilif erous c, a dermoid c. containing hair. prolifera'tion c, proliferative c, proliferous c, a [Other c. containing daughter cysts; a c. with tumor- is formation at one portion of the sac. prolig' erous c, adenocarcinoma. reten'tion c, a c. resulting from some obstruction to le excretory duct of a gland. sanguin'eous c, hemorrhagic c; a c. containing [lid blood. seba'ceous c, wen, steatoma; a rounded tumor of mable size due to retention of the excretion in the ibaceous follicles. sec'ondary c., daughter c. secre'tory c, one due to retention of the normal icretion in a gland, following closure of the duct, or irmation of fluid in a closed cavity more rapidly than can be absorbed. sequestra'tion c, a cystic tumor arising from a Drtion of true skin which was displaced and im- risoned in one of the lines of fissure of the body dur- ig the growth of the embryo. serous c, a c. containing clear serous fluid, hygroma. soap c, butter c. sterile c, an hydatid c. without brood-capsules. sublin'gual c, ranula. subsyno'vial c, distention of a synovial follicle. syno'vial c, thecal c. tarsal c, chalazion. thecal c, circumscribed distention of a tendon leath; ganghon. thyrolin'gual c, a c. in the midline of the neck result- g from non-closure of a segment of the primitive lyrolingual duct. tu'bular c, tubulocyst. umbil'ical c, vitellointestinal c. uniloc'ular c, a simple c, having a single sac. u'rachal c, allantoic c, a c. resulting from the non- >literation of a segment of the urachus. u'rinary c, one containing extiavasated urine. vitellointes'tinal c, a small red sessile or peduncu- bed tumor at the umbilicus in an infant; it is due to 3 persistence of a segment of the vitellointestinal ducts Wolffian €.» a c. arising from any of the structure, rmed from the Wolffian body or duct. tdenoma, pi. cystadenc/maia (sist"ad-e-no'mah J kysiis, bladder, + aden, gland, + -dma.'] A mor of glandular structure distended with the lid product of continued gland secretion- c. amanti'nuin, an incorrect term for adamanti- ma. c. par'tim sim'plex par'tim papilliferum, ;. consisting of a combination of the simple and pillary forms. Ldenosarco'xna. A cystadenoma containing sar- matous elements. Igia (sl^tal'jl-ah) [G. kysiis, bladder, -I- algos, in.] Pain in the bladder, especially the urinary idder. unine. Trade name of a make of hexa- ithylenamine. tro'phia, cystafrophy [G. kystis, bladder, -I- ophia, atrophy.] Atrophy of the bladder. uchenitis (sis-taw-ken-i'(e')tis) [G. kystis, idder, + auchen, neck, -f- -itis.^ Infiamma- n of the neck of the bladder; prostatitis. uchenotomy (sis-taw-ken-ot'o-ml) [G. kysiis, bladder, -I- auchen, neck, -I- iomi, incision.] Incision of the neck of the bladder. cystectasia, cystectasy (sist-ek-ta'sl-ah, sis-tek'ta-si) [G. kysiis, bladder, -I- ekiasis, extension.] Dila- tation of the bladder. cystec'tomy [G. kysiis, bladder, cyst, + ekiome, excision.] i. Excision of the gall-bladder or of a portion of the urinary bladder, n. Removal of a cyst. cy stein (sis'te-in). Alpha-amino-beta-thiopro- pionio acid, CH2(SH).CH(NH2).COOH, a pro- tein cleavage product, sometimes found in the urine. cystelco'sia, cystelco'sis [G. kystis, bladder, -t- hel- kdsis, ulceration.] Ulceration of the bladder. cyst'elminth [G. kysiis, cyst, + helmins (helminth-), worm.] Hydatid cyst. cystenceph'alus [G. kystis, bladder, + enkephalas, brain.] A fetus with extreme internal hydro- cephalus, so that the brain is little more than a sac distended with fluid. cysten'des s [G. kystis, bladder, -f endesis, a junc- tion, binding together.] Suture of a wound in a bladder. cyster'ethism [G. kystis, bladder, -I- ereihismos, irritation.] Irritability of the bladder, vesical irritation. cysthypersarcosis (sist-hi'per-sar-ko'sis) [G. kystis, bladder, 4- hyper, over, + sarx, flesh.] Hyper- trophy of the wall of the bladder. cys'tic [G. kysiis, bladder, cyst.] i. Relating to the urinary bladder or gall-bladder. 2. Relating to a cyst. cysticercosis (sis-tf-sur-ko'sis) . Invasion of the body by the larva of Tania solium. Cystlcer'cus [G. kystis, bladder, + kerkos, tail. A genus of bladder-worms, now known to be the encysted larvae of various tapeworms; the generic name is, however, retained as a conve- nience in description. C. acanthof lias, an abnor- mal form of C. cellulosce. C. botryo'ides, C. racemosus. C. bo'vis, the larva of Tcenia sag- inata. C. cellulo'sse, pork measles, the larva, encysted in the flesh of swine, of Tania solium^ it occurs also in man when the ova of T. solium have been ingested, being found in the brain, eye, cellular tissue, muscle, liver, etc. C. multi- locula'ris, C, racemosus. C. racemo'sus, an ab- normal variety, very irregular in shape, some- times found at the base of the brain and not encysted. cysticolithectomy (sis"tI-ko-lI-thek'to-mI) [cystic (duct) + lithos, stone, -I- ekiome, excision. Operative removal of an impacted gallstone from the cystic duct. cysticot'omy \cystic(duct') -H G. tome, incision.] An incision of the cystic bile-duct. cystidolaparotomy (sis"tI-do-lap"ar-ot'o-mI) [G. kystis, bladder, -I- lapara, flank, + tome, incision ] Incision into the bladder after a preliminary ab- dominal section. cystidople'gia. Cystoplegia. cystidotrachelotomy (sis"tI-do-tra-ke-lot'o-my [G. kystis, bladder, + trachelos, neclf, -t- tome, inci- sion.] Cystauchenotomy. cystifelleotomy (sis"t!(-fel-e-ot'o-mI) [G. kysiis, blad- der, + L. fel, bile, + G. tome, incision.] Chole- cystotomy. cys'tiform [G. kysiis, bag, cyst, -I- L. forma, form.] Cystic, cystoid. cys'tin [G. kystis, bladder.] An amino-acid, a cleavage product of protein, C6Hi2N!S204, some- times occurring as a deposit in the urine, or forming a vesical calculus. CYSTINEMIA 254 CYSTOTOMY cystine'mia, cystinae'mia [cyslin + G. haima, blood.] The supposed presence of cystin in the peripheral blood. cystinu'ria [cystin + G. ourott, urine.] The pres- ence of cystin in the urine, usually associated with hepatic disease and jaundice. cystiirha'gia. Cystorrhagia. cystirrhe'a, cystirrhce'a. Cystorrhea. cys'tis [G. kystis.] i. Bladder, vesica. 2. A cyst. c. fellea, gall-bladder, vesica fellea [BNA]. c. urina'ria, urinary bladder, vesica urinaria [BNA]. cystistax'is [G. kystis, bladder, + staxis, trickling.] Oozing of blood from the mucous membrane of the bladder. cystitis (sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. kystis, bladder, -t- -itis.] Inflammation of a bladder, especially the urinary bladder, t. col'li, inflammation of the neck of the bladder. cys'titome. A small knife for use in dividing the capsule of the crystalline lens. cystit'omy [G. kystis, bladder, sac, + tome, incision.] I. Incision of the capsule of the crystalline lens, capsulotomy. 2. Incision into the urinary blad- der, cystotomy. 3. Incision into the gall-blad- der, cholecystotomy. cystoadenoma (sis"to-ad-e-no'mah). Cystadenoma. cystocarcino'nia. A carcinoma in which cystic degeneration has occurred. cys'tocarp [G. kystis, bladder, + karpos, fruit.] Sporocarp. cystocele (sis'to-sel) [G. kystis, bladder, + kele, hernia.] Hernia of the bladder. cystocolos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, + kolon, colon, -I- stoma, mouth.] The formation of a communi- cation between the gall-bladder and the colon; cholecystocolostomy. cystodyn'ia [G. kystis, bladder, -I- odyne, pain.] Cyst- algia, pain in the bladder, cystoelytroplasty (sis-to-el'J-tro-plas-tl) [G. kystis, bladder, -H elytron, sheath, + plasso, I form.] Operation for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula. cystoenterocele (sis-to-en'ter-o-sel) [G. kystis, blad- der, + enteron, intestine, + kele, hernia.] Her- nial protrusion of portions of the bladder and of the intestine. cystoepiplocele (sis-to-6-pip'lo-sel) [G. kystis, blad- der, + epiploon, omentum, + kele, tumor.] Hernial protrusion of portions of the bladder and of the omentum. cystoepithelio'ma. An epithelioma which has undergone cystic degeneration. cystofibro'ma. A fibroma in which cysts have formed. Cystoflagella'ta [G. kystis, bladder, + L. flagellum, whip.] A subclass of Phytomasiigophora having a firm membranous envelope. cys'tagen. Trade name for a special make of hexa- methylenamina. cys'toid [G. kystis, bladder, + eidos, appearance.] Cystiform, bladder-like, resembling a cyst. A tumor resembling a cyst with ptdtaceous contents, but without capsule. cys'tolith [G. kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone.] A vesical calculus, a stone in the urinary bladder. cystoUthec'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone, -I- ektome, excision.] Removal of a stone from the bladder, especially of a calcuKis from the gall- bladder. cystoUthiasia (sis-to-ll-thi'a-sis) [G. kystis, bladder -f lithos, stone.] Stone in the bladder; the pres- ence of a vesical calculus. cystolith'ic. Relating to a vesical calculus. cysto'nia, pi. cysto'mata, cysto'mas. A cystic tumor, a new growth containing cysts. cystom'onas [G. kystis, bladder, + monas, a unit.] Bodo. cystomor'phous [G. kystis, bladder, + morphe, form.] Cystoid, bladder-like, cyst-like, cystomyoma (sis-to-mi-o'mah). A myoma in which cystic formation has occurred. cystomyxoadenoma (sis"to-mik"so-ad-e-no'mah). A combined myxoma and adenoma in which cystic degeneration has occurred. cystomyxo'ma. A myxoma in which cysts have formed. cystonephro'sis [G. kystis, bag, + nephros, kidney.] The occurrence of cystic dilatation of the tubules of the kidney. cystoneuralgia (sis-to-nu-ral'ji-ah). Neuralgia of the bladder; pain in the bladder without any ap- parent lesion to cause it; cystalgia, cystodynia. cystoparal'ysis. Paralysis of the bladder. cys'topexy [G. kystis, bladder, + pexis, fixation.] Surgical attachment of the gall-bladder or of the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall. cys'toplasty [G. kystis, bladder, -I- plasso, I form.] Surgical repair of a defect in the bladder. cystople'gia [G. kystis, bladder, -t- plege, a stroke.] Paralysis of the bladder. cystoproctos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, -f proktos, anus, + stoma, mouth.] The operative estab- lishment of an opening between the bladder and the rectum. cystopto'sia, cystopto'sis [G. kystis, bladder, -I- ptdsis, a falling.] Prolapse of the vesical mucous membrane into the m-ethra. cystopu'rin. Proprietary name for a double salt or mixture of sodium acetate and hexamethylene- tetramine; urinary antiseptic. cystopyeUtis (sis-to-pi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. kystis, bladder, -I- pyelos, pelvis, + -itis.'] Inflammation of both the bladder and the pelvis of the kidney. cystopyelonephritis (sis-to-pi"el-o-ne-fri'(fre')tis) [G kystis, bladder, -I- pyelos, pelvis, -f nephros, kidney, + -itis.'] Inflammation of the bladder, the pelvis of the kidney, and the kidney substance. cystorectos'tomy [G. kystis, bladder, + L. rectum + G. stoma, mouth.] Cystoproctostomy. cystoirha'gia [G. kystis, bladder, -I- -rhagia.} Hemorrhage from the bladder. cystor'rhaphy [G. kystis, bladder, -1- rhaphS, a. sewing.] Suture of a wound in the bladder. cystorrhe'a, cystorrhoe'a [G. kystis, bladder, -I- rhoia, a flow.] Cystirrhea; a mucous discharge from the bladder, vesical catarrh. cystosarco'ma, pi. cystosarco'mata, cystocarco'mas. A sarcoma in which the formation of cysts has occurred. cys'toscope [G. kystis, bladder, + skopeo, I examine.] A tubiolar instniment for use in examining the mucous membrane of the bladder. cystos'copy. The inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of a cystoscope. cystose (sis'tsz). Cystic, cystous, containing cysts. cys'tospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the bladder, cystospennitis (sis-to-sper-mi'(me')tis) [G kystis, bladder, + sperma, seed, + -itis.] Inflammation of a seminal vesicle. cystostax'is. Cystistaxis. cys'totome [G. kystis, bladder, -I- tome, a cutting.] An instrument for incising (i) the urinary or gall- bladder, or (2) the capsule of the lens in a cataract operation. cystot'omy. Incision (i) into the urinary or gall- bladder, or (2) into the capsule of the crystalline lens (capsulotomy). TOTRACHELOT 'SS CYTOPHIL, CYTOPHILE iachelotomy (sis-to-trak-el-ot'o-mJ) [G. kystis, dder, + irachelos, neck, + tome, incision.] itauchenotomy. tireteritis (sis-to-u-re-ter-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- 1 of the bladder and of one or both ureters. urethritis (sis-to-u-re-thri'(thre')tis). Inflam- tion of the bladder and of the urethra. urethroscope (sia-to-u-re'thro-scope). An in- ument combining the uses of a cystoscope and irethroscope. B (si'taz) [G. kytos, hollow (cell), + -ase, noting enzyme.] Metchnikoff's term for alexin or nplement, which he holds to be a digestive retion of the leucocyte, 'ter [G. kytos, cell, + aster, star.] Aster. (si'taks) [G. kytos, cell, + L. iaxare, to esti- ,te.] An apparatus for counting automatically i red cells, leucocytes, and lymphocytes of the lod and registering their relative proportions. emolysis, cythemolysis (si-tem-(them-) ol'i-sis) kytos, a hollow vessel (cell), + haima, blood, lysis, solution.] Destruction or solution of ! blood corpuscles; hemolysis, hemocytolysis. smolyt'ic (si-tem(them)-o-lit'ik). Relating to 5 destruction of blood cells. iromania (sith'er-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. Cythera, one the names of Aphrodite or Venus, + mania, nzy.] Nymphomania. ine. An alka'oid, CnHnN^O, from the seeds Cytisus laburnum and other plants of the same lus; its salts are used in doses of gr. Jj— iV 003-0 . 006) as diuretics and nervines. Tchitectonic (si"to-ar-kI-tek-ton'ik) [G. kytos, 1, + archiiektonike, architecture.] Relating the structural arrangement of cells, blast [G. kytos, cell, + blastos, germ.] The cleus of a cell. ilaste'ma [G. kytos, cell, + blastema, sprout.] toplasm. erastic, cytokerastic (si-to-ser(ker)-as'tik) [G. '■OS, cell, + kerastos, mixed, mingled.] Relating the process of change of a cell to a higher type. hem'ism (si-to-kem'izm) [G. kytos, cell.] e chemistry of the cells. hemistry (si"to-kem'is-tri) [G. kytos, cell.] emistry in relation to cells. hrome (si'to-krSm) [G. kytos, cell, + chroma, or.] Noting a nerve cell containing only Lces of a body with a nucleus about the size of ordinary leucocyte. ihylema (si-to-ki-le'mah) [G. kytos, cell, + vlos, juice.] The more fluid portion of the toplasm. /lasis [G. kytos, cell, + klasis, a. breaking.] agmentation of the cells. ilas'tic. Relating to cy-toclasis; destructive of Is. yst (si'to-sist) [G. kytos, a hollow vessel (cell), kystis, bladder.] The bladder-like remains the blood-cell or tissue-cell of a vertebrate closing a mature schizont. le (si'tod) [G. kytos, cell, -I- eidos, resemblance.] cell, especially a non-nucleated cell; or a simple iss of protoplasm, plasson. len'drite [G. kytos, cell, + dendron, tree.] dendrite given oflE directly from the body of s nerve-cell. liagno'sis [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), 4- diagnosis.] agnosis of the cause and origin of an exudate a study of its contaned cells. lier'esis (si-to-di-er'e-sis) G. kytos, cell, + di- ■esis, division.] Cel'.-division, either mitosis or litosis. Us'tal [G. kytos, cell, + L. distare, to stand off.] I. Noting a neoplasm at a distance from the cells from which it took origin. 2. Noting the extremity of a nerve fibril or axis-cylinder at a distance from the cell-body. cytogen'esis [G. kytos, cell, + genesis, origin.} The origin and development of cells. cytogen'ic. Relating to cytogenesis. cytogenous (si-toj'en-us). Cell-forming, noting es- pecially the connective-tissue cells. cytoglo bin. A globin obtained from leucocytes and lymphocytes. cytohistogen'esis [G. kytos, cell, + hisios, web, -t- genesis, production.] Structural development of a cell. cytohy'aloplasm [G. kytos, cell, -1- hyalos, glass + plasma.] The fibrillary network of the cyto plasm.' cy'toid [G. kytos, cell, + eidos, resemblance.] Re- sembling a cell, cytode. cytological (si-to-loj'1-kal). Relating to cytology. cytol'ogy [G. kytos, cell, + -logia.] The anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell. cy'tolymph [G. kytos, cell, + L. lympha.] Cytohya- lop'asm. cytol'ysin [G. kytos, cell, -f lysis, solution.] An antibody capable of effecting partial or complete destruction of an animal cell; it is usually not strictly specific, being capable of effecting hemoly- .sis as well as of acting on other cells than the one which served as antigen. cytol'ysis. The disintegration of a cell; see cyiolysin, cytolyt'ic [G. kytos, hollow (cell), + lytikos, solvent.] Relating to cytolysis; possessing a solvent or destructive action on cells. cyto'ma [G. kytos, cell, -I- -oma.] A cell-tumor, one formed of atypically arranged cells. cytomachia (si-to-mak'J-ah) [G. kytos, cell, + mache, battle.] *' Battle of the cells;" the cellular activities occurring during infection by pathogenic micro- organisms and the resistance to such infection by the cells of the body. cytometaplasia (si"to-met-S-pla'zI-ah) [G. kytos, cell, -I- meiaplasis, transformation.] Change of form or function of a cell, cytom'eter [G. kytos, cell, + metron, measure.] An accessory of the microscope, employed in counting and measuring cells, especially blood- cells. cytomi'crosome [G. kytos, cell, -I- mikros, small, + soma, body.] One of the granules forming an essential constituent of the cytoplasm, distin- guished from the non-protoplasmic granules con- stituting the deutoplasm or paraplasm; thread granule. cytom'itome [G. kytos, cell, -I- mitos, thread.] Any portion of the fibrillary network of the cjrto- plasm. cytomorpho'sis [G. kytos, cell, -t- morphosis, a shaping.] The changes which the cell undergoes during the various stages of its existence. cytope'nia [G. kytos, cell, + penia, poverty.] Poverty of the blood in cellular elements, hypo- cjrtosis. cytoph'agous [G. kytos, cell, -I- phago, I eat.] Devouring or destructive to cells. cytoph'agy. The devouring of other cells by the phagocytes. cytophar'ynx [G. kytos, cell, -I- pharynx.] A funnel- shaped pit through which food particles enter the body in infusoria and certain other forms of protozoa. cytophil, cytophile (si'to-fil, si'to-fil) [G. kytos, cell, -f philos, fond.] Having an affinity for cells, CYTOPHIL, CYTOPHILE 256 CZERNY-LEMBERT SUTURE attracted by cells, c. group, the atom group in the amboceptor which binds it to the cell. cytophyletic (si-to-fi-let'ik) [G. kyios, cell, + phyle, a. tribe.] Relating to the genealogy of a cell. cy'toplasm [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), + plasma, thing formed.] i. Protoplasm, the substance of a cell exclusive of the nucleus and various inclu- sions; it consists of a fine reticular structure, spongioplasm, enclosing in its tneshes a colloid semifluid matter, the cylochylema, 2. The for- mative portion of the yolk as distinguished from the deutoplasm. cytoplas'mic. Relating to the cytoplasm. C3rtoplas'tin [G. hytos, cell.] The plastin substance of the cytoplasm, consisting of spongioplastin and paraplastin. cytoprox'imal [G. hytos, cell, + L. proximus, nearest.] Noting the portion of a nerve-fibril or axis-cylinder near its origin from the nerve-cell. cytopyge (si-to-pi'je) [G. kytos, cell, -1- pyge, but- tocks.] The anal orifice found in certain of the infusoria. cytoretic'ulum [G. kytos, a hollow body (cell), + L. reticulum, dim. of rete, a net.] Spongioplasm. Cytoryctes (si-to-rik'tSz) [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), -(- oryktes, a digger.] Guamieri body, an intra- cellular body, assumed to be the protozoan para- site of smallpox (C variola) and of vaccina (C vaccina), and other affections. C. aptha'rum, a supposed protozoan parasite of foot-and-mouth disease. C. lu'is, a minute flagellate protozoon, described by Siegel as present in the red blood- corpuscles in syphilis. C. scarlati'nce, a. sup- posed protozoan parasite of scarlet fever. C. vACci'nse, the supposed protozoan cause of vaccina. C. Tari'ols, the supposed cause of smallpox, a protozoan parasite found in the skin lesions of that disease. cytosine (si'to-sin) [G. kytos, cell.] A pyrimidine base obtained by the cleavage of certain com- plex nucleic acids. cy'tosome [G. kytos, cell, + soma, body.] The cell body exclus ve of the nucleus. cytos'tasis [G. kytos, cell, + stasis, standing.] The arrest of leucocytes in -a, minute blood-vessel. cy'tostome (si'to-stom) [G. kytos, cell, + stoma, mouth.] The mouth opening in infusoria and certain other protozoa. cytostromat'ic [G. kytos, cell.] Relating to the cell stroma. cytotac'tic. Relating to cytotaxia. cytotax'ia, cytotax'is [G. kytos, cell, -)- taxis, arrange- ment.] The attraction {positive c.) or repulsion (negative c.) of cells for one another. cytother'apy [G. kytos, hollow vessel, cell, -t- thera- peia, healing.] Opotherapy, organotherapy. cytoth'esis [G. kytos, cell, + thesis, a placing,] The repair of injury in a cell; the restoration of cells. cytotox'ic. Cytolytic, destructive to cells. cytotox'in [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), + toxin.] A specific cell-destroying substance ; cytolysin. cytotrochin (si-to-tro'kin) [G. kytos, cell, -j- irochia, track.] In chemotherapy the cytotropic element in the compound, which carries with it the active element. C3rtotropic (si-to-trop'ik) [G. kytos, cell, -I- trope, a turning.] Having an affinity for cells. cytozo'ic [G. kytos, a hollow (cell), + zo, I live.] Living in a cell, noting certain parasitic proto- zoa. cytozo'on [G. kytos, cell, + zoon, animal.] A proto- zoan cell-parasite. cytozyme (si'to-zim) [G. kytos, cell, + zyme leaven.] A hypothetical substance produced by tissue cells, leucocytes, and blood platelets which reacts with serozyme to produce thrombin; thrombokinase. cytula (si'tu-lah) [L. dim. of G. kytos, cell.] The impregnated ovum. cytu'ria [G. kytos, cell, + ouron, urine.] The pas- sage of cells in unusual numbers in the urine. Czaplewsky's bacil'lus (chS-plev'ske) [Eugen Cza- plewsky, Polish physician, *i865.] The sup- posed specific organism of whooping-cough. C.'s meth'od, staining the tubercle bacillus with car- bolic fuchsin, the contrast color being obtained by dipping the specimen in a solution of fluorescin I, and methylene blue 5, in alcohol 100, and then several times in a 5 per cent, methylene blue alcoholic solution without fluorescin. Czermak's spa'ces (cher'mahk) [Johann Nepomuk Czermak, Austrian physician and physiologist, 1828-1873.] The interglobular spaces, or gaps in the dentine due to failure of calcification. Czerny's opera'tion (cher'ne) [Vincenz v. Czerny, Heidelberg surgeon, 1842-1916.] A radical hernia operation; the sac is ligated and cut off, the stump is returned to the abdomen and the edges of the opening are sutured. C.'s su'ture, the 'first row of the Czerny-Lembert intestinal suture; the needle enters the serosa and passes out through the submucosa or muscularis, and then enters the submucosa or muscularis of the opposite side and emerges from the serosa. The second row is the Lembert suture. Czer'ny-Lem'bert su'ture [see Lembert.] An intes- tinal suture in two rows combining the Czerny and the Lembert sutures. 2S7 DACTYLUS D Abbreviation: in prescription writing, for da, ve, detur, dentur, let there be given; in electro- iagnosis, for duration, the current flowing the rcuit being closed; in optics for diopter, and !Xter. right; in dental formulEe, for deciduous. 3os'ta's disease' [Jacob M. Da Costa, Philadelphia liysician, 1833— 1900.] Retrocedent gout.* yadenitis (dak"re-ad-e-ni'(ne')tis). Dacryo- ienitis. yagogatresia (dak-re-a"go-ga,-tre'sI-ah) [G. ikry, tear, + agogos, leading, + atresia.'] Ob- ruction or closure of a lacryinal duct. yagogue (daVrl-S-gog) [G. dakry, tear, + logos, leader.] i. Lacrymal duct. 2. Pro- .otiug the flow of tears. 3. An agent which imulates the lacrymal gland to secretion. ryoadenalgia (dak-ri-o-ad-en-al'ji-ah) [G. ikryon, tear, + aden, gland, + algos, pain.] ain in one of the lacrymal glands. yoadenitis (dak-re-o-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. dakryon, lar, + aden, gland, + -itis^ Inflammation of le lacrymal gland. ryoblennorrhea (dak-ri-o-blen-or-re'ah) [G. ikryon, tear, + blenna, mucus, + rhoia, flow.] discharge of mucus from a lacrymal duct. yocele (dak/ri-o-sel) [G. dakryon, tear, + kele, srnia.] Protrusion of the lacrymal sac. lyocyst [G. dakryon, tear, + kystis, sac] The rcrymal sac, saccus lacrimalis [BNA]. yocystal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain in the crymal sac. yocystitis (dak"re-o-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. dakryon, •ax, + kystis, bladder, + -itis.] Inflammation ' the lacrymal sac. yocys'titome. Dacryocystotome. ryocystoblennorrhea (dak-ri-o-sis"to-blen-or- i'ah). Chronic catarrhal dacryocystitis. yocystocele (dak"ri-o-sis'to-sel) [G. dakryon, ar, + kystis, sac, + kill, hernia.] Protrusion the lacrymal sac. yocystopto'sia [dacryocyst + G. ptosis, a falling.] ownward displacement of the lacrymal sac. yocystorrhinostomy (dak"ri-o-sis"tor-ri-nos'- i-ml) [G. dakryon, tear, + kystis, bladder, + is(rhin-), nose, + stoma, mouth.] The estab- ihment of an artificial opening between the ar-sac and the nasal cavity. yocys'totome. A small knife for incising the crymal sac. focystot'omy [djicryocyst + G. tome, a cutting.] .cision of the lacrymal sac. yohelco'sis [G. dakryon, tear, + helkosis, ulcera- 5n.] Ulceration of the lacrymal sac or duct. Srohemorrhea, daciyohaemorrhoea (dak"rI-o- im-6-re'ah) [G. dakryon, tear, + haima, blood, rhoia, flow.] The shedding of bloody tears. yolith [G. dakryon, tear, + lithos, stone.] Lac- mal calculus, tear-stone, a concretion in the ;rymal or nasal duct. ^olithiasis (dak"ri[-o-ll-thi'a-sis). The forma- m and presence of a concretion in the lacrymal nasal duct. yoma (dak-rii-o'mah). A cyst formed by the cumulation of tears in an obstructed lacrymal ict. yon (dak'ri-on) [G. a tear.] The pomt of 17 junction of the frontonasal and vertical lacry- momaxillary sutures at the inner angle of the orbit. dacryops (dak'rl-ops) [G. dakryon, tear, -t- dps, eye.] The constant presence of an excess of tears in the eye, owing to narrowing of the punctum lacri- male. dacryopyorrhea, dacryopyorrhoea (dak"ri-o-pi-S- re'ah) [G. dakryon, tear, -f- pyon, pus, -|- rhoia, flow.] The discharge of pus from the lacrymal duct. dacryopyo'sis [G. dakryon, tear, + pyosis, suppura- tion.] Suppuration in the lacrymal sac or duct. daciyorrhe'a, dacryorrhoe'a [G. dakryon, tear, + rhoia, flow.] An excessive flow of tears. dacryosolenitis (dak-re-o-so-len-i'(e')t s) G. dak- ryon, tear, -I-' solen, a channel, + -itis.} Inflam- mation of the lacrymal or nasal duct. dacryostenosis (dak"rl-o-ste-no'sis) [G. dakryon, tear, -1- stenosis, narrowing.] Stricture of a lacrymal or nasal duct. dacryosyr'inx [G. dakryon, tear, + syrinx, pipe.] A lacrymal fistula. dac'tyl [G. daktylos.l A finger or toe. dactyl'ion [G. daktylos, finger.] The presence of adhesions, either congenital or acqu'red, between two or more fingers; dactylosymphysis, syndac- tyly, syndactylism. dactylitis (dak-til-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of one or more fingers. dactyrium. Dactylion. dactylocampsod3mia (dak"tI-lo-kamp"so-din'I-ah) [G. daktylos, finger, -|- kampsis, a bending, + odyne, pain.] Painful contraction of one or more . fingers. dactylographer's cramp (dak-til-og'ra,-furz kramp) [G. daktylos, finger, + grapho, I write.] Type- writer's cramp, an occupation neurosis, similar to writer's cramp. dactylogryposis (dak-ti-lo-gri-po'sis) [G. dakty- los, flnger, -1- gryposis, a curve.] Contraction of the flngers. dactylol'ogy [G. daktylos, finger, -f- logos, word.] The use of the finger alphabet in talking. dactylol'ysis [G. daktylos, finger or toe, -{- lysis, loosing.] Ainhum. dactylomeg'aly [G. daktylos, finger, -1- megas(megal-), large.] Abnormal size of one or more of the fin- gers; megalodactylism, macrodactylism. dactylos'copy [G. daktylos, finger, -)- skopeo, I examine.] An examination of the mark ngs in prints made from the finger tips ; employed as a method of personal identification. See Galton's* system, dac'tylospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the fingers. dactylosymphysis (dak-ti-lo-sim'fi-sis) [G. dak- tylos, finger, -|- symphysis, a, growing to- gether.] Webbing of the fingers; adhesion, congenital or acquired, of two or more fingers; dactylion, syndactyly. dac^ylus (dak'tJ-lus) [G. daktylos, finger.] A -tnger or a toe; specifically a toe, as distin^ guished from digitus, a finger. D^MONOMANIA 258 DARTOS dsmonoma'nia. Deinonomania, an insane belief that one is possessed of devils. dasmonop'athy. Demonopathy, demonomania. daemonopho'bia. Demonophobia. Daf'fy's elix'ir [Thomas Daffy, English clergyman, *i68o.] Tinctura sennas composita. DJ\..H. Abbreviation for disordered action of the heart. dai'sy. The quartan malarial parasite m its segmented or mature phase. Da'kin's fluid or solu'tion [Henry Drysdale Dakin, New York biological chemist, contemporary.] Crystallized washing soda, 400 grams (or dry sodium carbonate, 140 grams) is dissolved in 10 liters of tap water; chlorinated lime, 200 grams, is added, and the mixture shaken; after half an hour siphon off the clear solution, rejecting the sediment of calcium carbonate; filter through a plug of cotton and add 40 grams of boric acid, and the solution is ready for use ; it will keep for about a week, precipitating slightly. It is a neutral sodium hypochlorite solution, similar to Labarraque's solution but without the excessive alkalinity of the latter. Dal'by's earmin'ative. Mistura carminativa (N.F.). Dal'rymple's disease' [John Dalrymple, English oculist, 1804 1852.] Cyclokeratitis. D.'s sign, in exophthalmic goiter the margins of the lids are unduly separated, the upper lid being retracted. Dal'ton's law [John Dalton, English physicist and chemist, 1766-1844.] In a mixture of gases, which do not unite chemically, the pressure is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture. Dal'ton-Hen'ry law [John Dalton;* Joseph Henry, American physicist, 1797-1878.] In dissolving a mixture of gases a fluid will absorb as much of each gas in the mixture as if that were the only gas dissolved. Dalto'nian. i. Relating to John Dalton.* j. A color-blind person. daltonizm (dawl'ton-izm) [John Dalton* who suf- feredfromred-blindness.] Color-blindness, espe- cially red-blindness. damian'a (N.F.). The dried leaves of Turnera diffusa or T. aphrodisiaca, a plant of Mexico and of Central America; stimulant, tonic, and laxa- tive, and is reputed to have aphrodisiac proper- ties; dose, 11120-40 (1.3—2.6), or njoo (2.0) of the fiuidextract. dam'mar. A resin resembling copal, obtained from various species of Shorea in the East Indies ; it is used, dissolved in chloroform, for mounting microscopical specimens. Damocrates' confec'tlon (dam-ok'ra-tes) [Servilius Damocrates, Greek physician in Rome, first century, A.D.] A confection containing agaric, cinnamon, frankincense, galbanum, garlic, gen- tian, ginger, opium, valerian, and some thirty other ingredients ; it formed a part of the original Warburg's* tincture. Damoiseau's curve or sign (dam-wah-zo') [Louis Hyacinthe Celeste Damoiseau, French physician, 1815-1890.] In the case of a moderate pleural effusion the upper border of the area of dullness corresponds to a parabolic curve with convexity upward, the highest point of which is in the axillary line. damp. I. Humid, moist. 2. Atmospheric mois- ture. 3. Foul air in a mine, air charged with carbonic oxide or with various explosive hydro- carbon vapors, after d., air containing a large percentage of carbonic oxide, fire d., methane. Da'na's opera'tion [Charles Loomis Dana, New York neurologist, *i852.] Resection of the posterior spinal nerve roots for neuralgia, athetosis, and spastic paralysis. Dance's sign [Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance, French physician, 1797-1832.] A slight retrac- tion in the neighborhood of the right iliac fossa in some cases of intussusception. dan'cing disease', dan'cing ma'nia. Epidemic chorea, d. spasm, saltatory spasm.* dandelion (dan'de-li-on) [Fr. dent de lion, lion's tooth.] Taraxacum. dan'druff . The presence of white scales in the hair of the scalp, due to the ordinary branny exfoliation of the epidermis, or to the greasy sca'es of seborrhea. dan'dy fe'ver. Dengue. dan'iell [John Frederick DanieU*\ A former unit of electromotor force, that furnished by one Daniell cell, about i . i volt. Dan'iell cell or el'ement [John Frederick Daniell, English physicist, 1790-1845.] A galvanic cell in which a solution of copper sulphate, con- taining a copper plate, is separated by a porous earthen cylinder from a dilute sulphuric acid solution containing a zinc plate. Dan'ielssen's disease' [Daniel Cornelius Danielssen, Norwegian physician, 1815-1894.] Daniell Cell. Anesthetic leprosy; also called Danielssen-Boeck disease. Danysz bacU'lus (dan'is). An organism similar to B. typhi 'muriwm, cultures of which have been used to destroy rats. D. phenom'enon, when toxin is added in divided portions, instead of all at once, to antitoxin the neutralizing effect of the latter is lessened. Daph'ne [G. daphne, bay-tree.] A genus of Euro- pean shrubs, from several species of which meze- reum* is obtained. daph'netin. Dioxycumarin, CgHjO,, derived by hydrolysis from daphnin. daph'nin. A glucoside, CijHi,0,.2H20, from mezereum. d'Arcet's met'al (dar-sa'). An alloy of lead, bis- muth, and tin, employed in dentistry. Darier's disease' (dar-e-a') [Ferdinand Jean Darier, French physician, *i856.] Keratosis foUicularis. dark-field conden'ser. An apparatus for throwing reflected light through the microscope field, so that only the object to be examined is illuminated, the field itself being dark. Darkshevitch's nu'cleus (dark-sha'vich) [Liverius Darkshevitch (or Darkschewitsch), Russian neurologist, *i858.] An accessory bulbar nucleus of the motor oculi, lying anterior to, and to the outer side of, the principal nucleus. darsonvaliza'tion [A. d'Arsonval, French physiolo- gist, *i85i.] "The application of a high fre- quency or d'Arsonval current* in the treat- ment of disease. darto'ic, dar'toid [G. dartos, flayed.] Resembling dartos in its slow, involuntary contractions, d. Us'sue, tissue resembling dartos. dar'toB [G. skinned or flayed.] Tunica dartos,, a network of non-striated muscular fibers in the lower layers of the skin of the scrotum, d. muUeb'ris, a thin layer of similar musciilature in the skin of the labia majora. DARTROUS =S9 DEAFNESS dar'tious [Fr. dartre, herpes.] Herpetic. Darwin'ian. i. Relating to Charles Robert Dar- win, English scientist, 1809-1882. 2. One who accepts the Darwinian theory. D. ear, an auricle in which the upper border is not rolled over to form the helix, but projects upward as a flat, sharp edge. D. the'oiy, darwinism. D. tu'bercle, tuberculum auriculae. darwin'ianism. Darwinism. dar'winism. The doctrine of the origin of species, taught by Charles Darwin and expounded by him in his various works ; the central assumptions are evolution by natural selection and survival of the fittest. dasetherapy (das"e-ther'a-pl) [G. dasos, forest, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by residence in forests of pine and other balsamic trees. date-cavity. See mark. date-fever. Dengue. da'tum-plane. A horizontal plane taken as the start- ing point for the measurements in craniometry. Datu'ia [a Hindu word.] A genus of solanaceous plants, from a species of which stramonium* is obtained. daturine (dat'u-ren). An alkaloid obtained from stramonium leaves, said to be isomeric with atropine and identical with hyoscy amine; anti- spasmodic, sedative, anodyne, and mydriatic; dose gr. rhr-ihi (0-00025-0.0005). Daubenton's an'gle (do-bahii-tawn') [Louis Jean Marie Daubenion, French physician, 1716-1799.] An angle formed by the junction, at the opisthion, of lines coming from the basion and from the projection in the median plane of the lower border of the orbits. D.'s line, the occipital line passing between the opisthion and the nasion. Daucus (daw'kus; . A genus of plants of the order Umbellifercs, containing the, carrot, D. carota. Daufresne's solution (do-fran')- A modified Dakin's solution: 200 gm. of bleaching powder is dissolved with vigorous shaking in 5 liters of water; 100 gm. dry sodium carbonate and 90 gm. sodium bicarbonate are dissolved with vigorous shaking in 5 liters of water; then, after filtration, the two solutions are mixed. daughter-cell (daw'ter-sel). A cell formed by cyto- dieresis or division of a previous cell (mother-cell). daughter-cyst (daw'ter-sist). Deutoscolex, a sec- ondary cyst developed within the mother*-cyst of an echinococctis. Davaine's' bacil'lus [Casimir Joseph Davaine, French physician, 1812— 1882.] Bacillus anthracis. Davai'nea madagascarien'sis. A tapeworm found in man in Madagascar, Mauritius, Guiana, and 1 elsewhere; the intermediary host is not known. Da'vidson syr'inge. A rubber tube, armed with an appropriate nozzle, intersected with a compressi- ble bulb, with valves so arranged that compres- sion forces the fluid, into which one end of the tube is inserted, forward to the nozzle-end; used chiefly for rectal and vaginal injections. Da'vidsohn's sign [Hermann Davidsohn, Prussian physician, *i842.] Absence of illumination of the pupil when an electric light is placed in the mouth, indicating the presence of fluid or a solid tumor in the antrum of Highmore on the darkened side. Daviel's opera'tion (dS-ve-el') [Jacques Daviel, French oculist, 1696-1762.] Cataract extraction by capsulotomy. D.'s spoon, a small spoon-like instrument for removing the remains of a cataract after discission. Pa'vy's le'ver [Richard Davy, English surgeon. *t838.] A wooden soimd which is passed into the rectum and makes pressure on one of the iliac arteries to arrest hemorrhage. Da'vy's test [Edmund William Davy, Irish physician, 1826-1899.] For carbolic acid: to a few drops of the suspected fluid add double the quantity of a mixture of molybdic acid 1, and sulphuric acid 15 ; the presence of carbolic acid is indicated by a brownish color changing to purple. Da'vy's yell'ow flu'id. Liquor chlori compositus. Dax, France. Simple thermal waters, 88° F. to 140° P.; numerous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, arthritis, rheuma- toid arthritis, nervous affections, and women's diseases. day-blindness. Inability to see clearly in a bright light, hemeralopia. day'mare. The occurrence of symptoms of oppres- sion, resembling nightmare, while one is awake. day-nur'sery. Creche, a place where children may be cared for during the day while their mothers are at work. day-sight. A condition in which vision is more distinct in n bright light; night-blindness, nyctalopia. Day's test [Richard Hance Day, American physician, 1813— 1892.] For blood: add to the suspected fluid, or the washing of a suspected stain, tincture of guaiac and afterward hydrogen peroxide ; the presence of blood is indicated by a blue color. D.D.S. An abbreviation of Doctor of Dental Surgery. de- [L. de, from, away.] A prefix carrying often a privative or negative sense; denoting away from, cessation: it has sometimes an intensive force. deacidification (de-S-sid-I-fi-ka'shun). The removal or neutralization of acidity. deactivation (de-ak-ti-va'shun). The process of rendering or of becoming inactive. dead (ded). i. Without life. 2. Numb. d. space, a cavity remaining after the closure of a wound, which is not obliterated by the pressure of the dressings. dead-house. Mortuary (2). deadly night'shade. Belladonna. deaf (def) [A.S. de&i.] Unable to hear; hearing in- distinctly, hard of hearing, d. field, d. point, a point where the acumeter is not heard. deaf-mute (def-muf). One who can neither hear nor talk, one who is deaf and dumb. deafmu'tism. Absence of the faculty of speech due to congenital deafness or that occurring in early life. deafness, x. Impairment or total loss of the sense of sound, apoplec'tiform d., M^nifere's disease. bass d., inability to hear low notes, boil'er- maker's d., loss of hearing due to fatigue of the auditory nerve by the noise incident to riveting the inside of a boiler, cer'ebral d., d. due to disease of the brain in the auditory area, ceru'- minous d., impairment of hearing due to the pres- ence of a plug of cerumen in the external auditory meatus, cor'tlcal d., d. resulting from a lesion of the cerebral cortex, labyrin'thine d., loss of hear- ing due to disease of the internal ear. mid'brain d., d. due to a lesion in the fillet region of the teg- mentum, mind d., d. due to inability to inter- pret the soimds heard, mu'sic d., amusia. nerve d., loss of hearing due to disease of the auditory nerve, ner'vous d., d. due to disease of the acoustic centers in the cortex, of the auditory nucleus, or of the nerve terminals in the labyrinth. progress'ive d., gradually increasing d. due; to DEAFNESS 260 DECIDUA otosclerosis, psy'chic d., mind d. sen'sory d.i mind d. soul d., mind d. throat d., d. due to closure of the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube, tox'ic d., loss of hearing due to injury of the auditory nerve by certain drugs and poisons, such as quinine and tobacco, word d., loss of the power to understand the spoken word, although the sound is heard. dealbation (de-al-ba'shun) [L. dealbare, to whiten.] Bleaching. dealcoholization (de-al"ko-hol-i-za'shun). The re- moval of alcohol from a fluid; in histological technique, the removal of alcohol from a speci- men which has been previously immersed in this fluid. de'alin. Trade name of an antiseptic dressing powder, composed of sodium perborate, boric acid, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, starch, and talcum. deamidize (de-am'i-diz) . To decompose amino- acids into ammonia compounds. deaquation (de-a.-kwa'shun) [L. de, from, -f- aqua, water.] The removal* of water from a fluid or chemical compound; dehydration. Dearborn Spring, Vermont. Water resembles that of the Maine Poland Springs. Dyspepsia and cutaneous diseases. dearterialization (de-ar-te"r!(-al-i-za'shun) . Chang- ing the character of arterial blood to that of venous blood; deoxygenation of the blood. dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'shun). i. Diarthro- sis. 2. Dislocation. 3. Disarticulation. death (deth). The cessation of life, black d., the plague of the middle ages, local d., death of a part of the body or of a. tissue, necrosis, gan- grene, molec'ular d., caries, somat'ic d., death of the entire body, as distinguished from 1 ocal death. death-rate (deth'rat). The ratio of deaths to the population of a city or country for a given period, as estimated from the figures for this period for the year, expressed as so many per thousand of the entire population. death'-rattle. A gurgling or rattling in the throat of a moribund person, caused by an accumulation of mucus in the respiratory passages. death'-struggle. Agony, death-throe, the final moments of life sometimes marked by muscular twitchings or uneasy tossing about. death-throe (deth'thro). Death-struggle. death-trance. Apparent death, a condition of suspended animation, marked by unconscious- ness and barely perceptible respiration and heart- action. debil'itant. i. Weakening. ,>. A quieting agent or one that subdues excitement. debil'ity [L. debilis, weak.] Weakness, loss of strength. Debout's pills (dS-boo') [Emile Debout, Belgian physician in Paris, 1811-1865.] Extract of colchicum and sulphate of quinine, of each gr. I J (0.1), powdered digitalis, gr. } (0.05); for migraine. debouch (dS-boosh') [Fr. bouche, mouth.] To open or empty into another part. debouchment (dS-boosh'ment). Opening or empty- ing into another part. Debove's disease' (dS-buv') [Maurice Georges Debove, Parisian physician, *i845.] Splenomegaly. D.'s mem'brane, a fine layer between the epithelium and the basement layer of the mucous membrane of the air-passages and intestine. D.'s tube, a large tube for gastric lavage, marked at 45 to 50 cm. from its eye to indicate when it is in the stomach. debridement (da-brSd-mon') [Fr. di-, away, + bride, bridle.] Division of constricting or restrict- ing bands or tissues. decagram (dek'S-gram) [G. deka, ten.] A weight of 10 grams, eqliivalent to 154.32349 grains, or, roughly, 2^ drams, apothecaries' weight. decalcifica'tion [L. de-, away, -f- cal«{calc-), lime, + facere, to make.] Removal of lime salts or cal- careous matter. decal'cify. To remove lime salts or calcareous matter. decal'cifying. 1. Removing, or capable of remov- ing, the calcareous matter of the bones or teeth. -!. Coagulation-preventing, noting a physiological salt solution to which has been added i per cent, of sodium citrate. decaliter (dek'S-le-ter). A measure of 10 liters, the equivalent of 610. 2 cubic inches, or, roughly, 10 quarts or 2J gallons. decal'vant [L. decalvare, to make bald.] Removing the hair, making bald. dec'ane. A paraffin, CigHj,, in coal-tar. decant' [L. de, from, + canthus, a comer.] To pour off gently the upper clear portion of a fluid, leaving the sediment in the vessel. decanta'tion. Pouring off the clear upper portion of a fluid. decap'itate [L. de-, away, + caput, head.] To remove the head; specifically to cut off the head of a fetus to facilitate delivery in cases of irre- mediable dystocia. decapita'tion. The removal of a head, specifically of the fetal head in dystocia. decap'itator. An instrument for separating the fetal head. decapsula'tion. Depriving of a capsule or envelop- ing membrane, d. of the kid'ney, stripping off the capsule of the kidney, employed as a remedial measure in certain cases of chronic nephritis. decarboniza'tion. The process of arterialization of the blood by oxygenation and the removal of carbon dioxide in the lungs. decay (de-ka') [L. de, down, -i- cadere, to fall.] I. The destruction of an organic substance by slow combustion, or gradual oxidation. 2. Putrefaction. 3. To deteriorate, to undergo slow combustion or putrefaction. decentered, decentred (de-sen' turd), i. Noting a lens so mounted that the visual axis does not pass through the axis of the lens. 2. Noting a lens thicker at one side than the other. decentra'tion [L. de, from, -I- centrum, center.] Removal from the center. decerebra'tion. Removal of the brain. decer'ebrize. To move the brain, either in craniot- omy or in animal experiments. dechloridation (de-klor-i-da'shun). Method of re- ducing the amount of sodiiun chloride in the tissues and fluids of the body by abstention from the use of salt in the diet. dechloiina'tion, Dechloridation. dechlorura'tiou [Fr.] Dechloridation. decidua (de-sid'u-ah) [L. deciduus, falling off (qualifying membrana, membrane, understood).] The altered mucous membrane of the pregnant uterus, forming an envelope for the fetus, d. basa'lis [BNA], d. serotina, the part of the mucous membrane between the blastocyst and the uterine wall, at the place where the placenta will be formed, d. capsula'ris [BNA], d. reflexa, the layer which forms the outer investing envelope of the fetus, d. membra'na, d. capsularis. d. menstrua'lis, the succulent DECIDUA 261 DECl/SSATIO mucous membrane of the non-pregnant uterus at the menstrual period, d. reflex'a [L. turned back], d. capsularis. d. seroti'na [L. late], d. basalis. d. ve'ra [L. true], the mu- cous membrane lining the cavity of the pregnant uterus and not in immediatfe relation with the ovum. decid'ual. Relating to the decidua. deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the decidua. deciduo'ma. Syncytioma, chorioma." d. mallg- num, chorioma malignum. deciduosarcoma (de-sid"u-o-sar-ko'mah) . Cho- rioma malignum. deciduous (de-sid'u-us) [L. decidere, to fall down.] That which eventually falls off, not permanent. d. denti'tion, the first, temporary, dentition, d. mem'brane, decidua. d. plant, one the leaves, petals, etc., of which fall oflE the same season or year in which they are formed, d. teeth, milk teeth, teeth of the first dentition. decigram (des'I-gram) [L. decimus, tenth.] A weight of yV gram, the equivalent of 1 . 54 grains. deciliter (des'i-le-ter) [L. decimus, tenth.] A measure of ■j'j liter, equivalent to 6.1028 cubic inches or 3.38 American, 3.52 English fluid- oimces. decimeter '(des'I-me-ter) [L. decimus, tenth.] A linear measure of -^ meter, equivalent to 3.937 inches. decinor'mal [L. decimus, tenth, + twrmal.] One-tenth of normal, noting a solution of this strength ; ab- breviation li ; see solution. decip'ara [L. decern, ten, + parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne ten children; abbreviation, X-para. decitellization (de-si"tel-i-za'shun) [L. de, from, + citellus, ground squirrel.] The extermination of ground squirrels, which are susceptible to plague; a term used by those engaged in anti- plague work. deck-plate. The upper thin portion of the medul- lary tube in the embryo ; a layer of cells outside the epiblast in the embryo. declination (dek-ll-na'shun). Deflection of the ver- tical meridian of the eye to one or the other side in consequence of rotation of the eyeball in its anteroposterior axis; negative d. is when the upper pole of the vertical diameter approaches the nose, positive d. is when it turns toward the temple. dec'linator. A form of retractor by means of which certain parts are kept out of the way during an operation. decline (de-klin'). •■■ A chronic progressive dis- ease. 2. The stage of subsidence of the symp- toms of an acute disease. 3. The period of catabolism or involution, coincident with be- ginning old age. declive (de-kliV) [L. declivis, sloping downward.] [BNA.] Declivis, clivus monticuli, the posterior sloping portion of the monticulus of the vermis of the cerebellum. declivis (de-kli'vis). Declive. decoction (de-kok'shun) [see decoctam.] 1. The process of boiling. 2. Decoctum. Zim'mer- mann's d., see Zimmermann. Zitt'mann's d., a d. of sarsaparilla, see Zittmann. decoc'tum, gen. decoc'ti, pi. decoc'ta [L. boiled down, from de, down, + coquere, to boil.] Decoction; the pharmacopeial name for preparations made by boiling crude vegetable drugs, and then strain- ing, in the proportion of 50 gm. of the drug to 1000 c.c. of water, approximately 12^ drams to the ounce. There are no official decoctions' in the U.S.P. ; in the B.P. decoctions of aloes, of pomegranate root, and of hematoxylon are official. d. aca'cise cor'ticis (B.A.), decoction of acacia bark; acacia bark i, water 16; employed in diar- rhea in dosfe of Si-2 (15.0-60.0), and locally as an astringent, d. agrop'yri (B.A.), decoction of agropyrum, or of triticum; agropyrum i, water 20; dose 5^-2 (15.0-60.0). d. al'oes compos'itum, compound decoction of aloes;-ex- tract of aloes 15, myrrh 11 .3, saffron 11 .3, potas- sium carbonate 7.5, extract of licorice 55, com- pound tincture of cardamom 400, water to make 1500; stimulant cathartic in doses of 3^i (iS-o- 30.0). d. cissam'peli (B.A.), decoction of cissampelos; i part in 8 of water; dose, 3^2 (150-300). d. grana'ti radi'cis (Br.), decoc- tion of pomegranate root, strength of 4 ounces to the pint; dose 5i-i (15.0-30.0). d. haematoz'- yli (Br.), decoction of hematoxylon, logwood 50, cinnamon bark 8, water 1000; dose, 5 J-2 (15.0- 60.0). d. hygroph'ilae (B.A.), decoction of hy- grophila; i part of the herb in 10 parts of water; dose 5 1-2 (30.0-60.0). d. ispaghu'ls (B.A.), decoction of ispaghula; dose, 5 J— 2 f 15. 0-60.0). d. sappan' (B.A.), decoction of sappan; sappan I ounce, cinnamon 30 grains, water 20 fluid- ounces; dose SJ— 2 (15.0-60.0). decompensa'tion. A failure of compensation in heart disease. decompres'sion. The removal of presstu'e. cer'e- bral d., removal of a small segment of the skull, usually in the subtemporal region, with incision of the dura, to relieve intracranial pressure, d. disease', d. in'juiy, caisson disease, d. opera'- tion, cerebral d. deconges'tiye. Having the property of reducing congestion. decortica'tion [L. de, from, -f- cortex(cortic-), rind, bark.] Removal of the cortex, or external layer beneath the capsule from any organ or structure. d. of the kid'ney, decapsulation* of the kidney. d. of the lung, removal of the pleura, both pul- monary and costal, for the cure of chronic empyema, pul'monary d.. Fowler's operation, pleurectomy. decortiza'tion. Decortication. deciepita'tion [L. decrepitare, to crackle.] The snapping of certain salts when heated. decu'bital. Relating to a bedsore. decubitus (de-ku'bi-tus) [L. decumiere, to lie down.] I. The position of the patient in bed, as dorsal d., lateral d. 2. A bedsore, acute' d., a severe form of bedsore, occurring in hemiplegia, of purely neurotrophic origin. Andral's d., see Andral. decurrent (de-kur'ent) [L. decurrere, to run down.] I. Extending downward; centrifugal, is. In botany, noting a leaf prolonged along the stem below its point of insertion, as in the thistle. decur'sus fibra'rum cerebra'lium [BNA]. The running down of the cerebral fibers; noting the course of certain tracts in the brain. decur'tate [L. decurtare, to cut short.] Shortened, cut' short. decuss'ate [L. decussare, to mark with an X.] 1. To cross. ;£. Crossed like the arms of an X. 3. In botany, noting opposite pairs of leaves, pro- jecting from the stem altema'.ely at right angles with the contiguous pairs. decussatio (de-kfi-sa'shyo) [L.] Decussation, d. bra'chii conjuncti'vi [BNA], a crossing of the fiber tracts of the tegmenta, originating from the brachia conjunctiva, behind the red nucleus. DECUSSATIO 262 DEFORMITY d. fontina'lis, fountain decussation, a mass of fibers between the red nuclei, arising from the cells of the nates or colliculus superior of the corpora quadrigemina and the central gray layer on either side; the fibers cross in the middle line and join the medial longitudinal fasciculus on the opposite side. d. lemnisco'- rum [BNA], decussation of the lemniscus or fillet, sensory decussation of the medulla oblon- gata, an intercrossing of fibers in the median plane of the medulla or the dorsal aspect of the pyramids, immediately above the level of the decussation of the pyramids, d. nervo'rum trochlear'ium [BNA], the crossing of the fibers of the two trochlear nerves on the upper surface of the velum meduUare anterius. d. pyram'idum [BNA], decussation of the pyramids, the inter- crossing of the bundles of the crossed pyramidal tracts at the lower part of the medulla oblon- gata, d. tegmento'rum [BNA], decussation of the tegmenta, a crossing of the fiber tracts of the tegmenta lying nearest the median line in the region below the aqueduct where the tegmenta are united. decussa'tion [L. decussatio.] i. A crossing, espe- cially of two nerve tracts; chiasm. 2. The point . of crossing of two tracts, d. of the fil'let, decus- satio lemniscorum. foun'tain d., decussatio fontinalis. mo'tor d., decussatio pyramidum. op'tic d., optic chiasm, pin'iform d., decussatio lemniscorum. Jyram'idal d., decussatio pyram- idum. sen'sory d., decussatio lemniscorum. supe'rior pyram'idal d., decussatio lemniscorum. dedentition (de-den-tish'un). Loss of teeth, espe- cially the falling out of the teeth consequent upon senile atrophy of the alveoli. dedolation (de-do-la'shun) [L. dedolare, to hew away.] A slicing wound made by a sharp instru- ment grazing the sijrface. Deehan's ty'phoid reac'tion. A cutaneous test of typhoid fever similar to that of v. Pirquet in tuberculosis; the strength of the reagent is 4 billion typhoid bacilli in i c.c. of physiological salt solution. Deen's test (dan) [Izaak Abrahamszoon van Deen, Dutch physiologist, 1804-1869.] Guaiac test, Alm^n's* blood test. deep [A.S. deSp.] Beneath the surface. Deep Rock Spring, N. Y. Saline waters. Rheiuna- tism, renal and cystic troubles. deer -fly mal'ady. An infectious disease observed in Utah, apparently transmitted through the bite of an infected deer-fly; it is marked by ulceration of the part bitten and by severe con- stitutional symptoms which sometimes lead to a fatal issue; deer-fly fever, Pahvant Valley plague. Deetjen's bod'ies (dat'yen) [Hermann Deetjen, Ger- man physician, 1863-1915.] Blood platelets.* defatiga'tion [L. defaiigare, to tire out.] Weariness, exhaustion, extreme fatigue. defecalgesiophobia (def"e-kal-je-sJ-o-fo'bl-ah) [L. defecalio -\- G. algesis, pain, + phobos, fear.] A dread of defecation on account of the pain attending the act. defecation (def'e-ka'shun) [L. defcecare, to remove the dregs, purify.] The discharge of excrement from the rectum. defective (de-fek'tiv) [L. defectivus; deficere, to fail, to lack.] 1. Imperfect, z. A person (a) lacking in some physical quality, as one who is blind or a deaf-mute ; or (b) a mental or moral degenerate. defemination (de-fem-i-na'shun) [L. de-, away, femina, woman.] A weakening or loss of feminine characteristics. defen'sive [L. defendere, to ward off.] Defending, preserving from injury, d. pro'tein, an antibody. deferens [L.] Ductus (or vas) deferens. deferent [L. deferre, to carry down.] Efferent, carrying away. d. canal', d. duct, vas deferens, ductus* deferens. deferentectomy (def'e-ren-tek'to-ml) [L. (ductus) deferens + G. ektome, excision.] Exsection of the ductus deferens, vasectomy. deferential (def-e-ren'shal). Relating to the ductus (or vas) deferens. deferentitis (de-fer-en-tl'(te')tis). Inflammation of the ductus (vas) deferens. deferred distribu'tion (de-f urd') . In life-insurance, a plan whereby the first apportionment of profits on the policy, the first dividend, is made at the end of a definite nimiber of years — five, ten, or more. deferred shoots (de-f urd'). Shoots produced from buds which have remained dormant through one or more seasons. deferves'cence [L. defervescere, to cease boiling.] Falling of an elevated temperature, abatement of fever. defibrination (de-fi-brin-a'shun). Removal of fibrin from the blood after it has been drawn, in order to prevent clotting. deficiency (de-fish'en-si) [L. deficere, to fail.] A lacking, something wanting, d. disease', in- sufficiency disease, one due to defective meta- bolism caused by a lack of vitamines or other essential constituents in the diet. d. symp'tom, a symptom expressive of a reduced amount or absence of the secretion of some endocrine gland. definite (def'J-nit). Noting a cymose inflorescence in which the oldest flower is at the apex of the axis in the center of a constant number of stamens. definition .(def-I-nish'un) [L. definire, to limit.] In optics, the power of a lens to give a distinct image. deflec'tion [L. deflectere, to bend aside.] i . A moving to one side. 2. The bending of the light rays to- ward an opaque body. d. of coxn'plement, devia- tion of complement, fixation of complement ; union of complement with unattached interbodies or amboceptors, leaving without complement those amboceptors which are attached to the bacteria, so that the bacteria are still active and capable of elaborating toxins ; see also Bordet* phenomenon, Bordet*-Gengou test, Neisser*-'Wechsberg phe- nomenon, Wassermann 's* test. deflora'tion. Deflowering, depriving of virginity. deflorescence (de-flor-es'ens) [L. deflorescere, to fade, wither.] Disappearance of the eruption in scarlet fever or other of the exanthemata. deflu'vium [L. defluere, to flow down.] A falling of the hair. defluzio (de-fluk'shyo) [L.] Defiuxion. d. capil- lo'rum, a falling out of the hair of the head. d. cilio'rum, a falling out of the eyelashes. deflux'ion [L. defluere, to flow down.] i. A falling down or out, as of the hair. 2. A flowing down or discharge of fluid. 3. Congestion, flow of blood to a part. deforma'tlon [L. de-, away, + forma, form.] i. A change of form from the normal. 2. A deformity. deform'ing. Causing a deviation from the normal form. deform'ity. A deviation from the normal shape or size, resulting in disfigurement, gun'stock d., a d. resiilting from condylar fracture at the elbow in which the axis of the extended forearm is not continuous with that of the arm but is displaced to one side. SFUNCTIONALi: 263 DEHUMANIZATION imctionalization (de-f ung"shun-al-i-za'shiin) . ^oss of function; causing a loss of function, urfuration (de-fur"fu-ra'shun) [L. furfur, bran.) Branny desquamation, the shedding of the epi- lermis in the form of fine scales. [anglionate (de-gang'gll-on-at). To deprive of ganglia. [en'eracy [L. de, from, + genus(gener-), race.] V condition marked by deterioration of the nental or physical processes. generate (de-jen'ur-at) [L. degenerare.] i. To pass to a lower level of mental or physical quali- ;iesj to fall below the normal type or state. 1. Below the normal ; that has fallen to a lower level. J. A person whose moral characteristics are Delow those of his race and generation, infe'rior 1., one who has the characteristics of degeneracy lombined with a weak mentality, supe'rior d., me who has the characteristics of degeneracy jombined with high mental gifts or even jenius. [eneratio (de-jen-er-a'shyo) [L. de, from, + lenus, race.] Degeneration, d. mi'cans [L. nicare, to glitter], the formation of glistening lyaline masses from degenerating glia cells. jenera'tion [L. de, from, + genus, race.] i. Dete- [ioration, sinking from a higher to a lower level 3f type. ■^. A "worsening of physical or mental qualities. 3. A retrogressive pathological change m cells or tissues in consequence of which the functioning power is lost and the living substance becomes converted into an inert mass, ad'ipose 1., fatty d. adiposogen'ital d., dystrophia adi- posogenitalis. albu'minoid d., cloudy* swelling. ilbu'minous d., amyloid d. am'yloid d., a retro- gressive conversion of certain of the connective- tissue elements into a translucent, homogeneous substance, called by Kekul^ lardacein. angio- lith'ic d., calcareous degeneration of the walls Df the blood-vessels, ascend'ing d., centripetal Wallerian d. athero'matous d., atheroma, ba'- sony d., amyloid d. basophil'ic d., basophilia (2). calca'reous d., calcification, ca'seous d., casea- bion. chee'sy d., caseation, col'loid d., a iegeneration similar to mucoid, in which the material is inspissated and has a concentric structure, descend'ing d., centrifugal Wallerian i. earth'y d., calcification, fat'ty d., a retrogress- ive change associated with the appearance of p-anules or globules of fat in the cytoplasm, Eormed therein and not deposited from without. S'brinous d., a deposit of fibrin within cells becoming necrotic, fi'broid d., fi'brous d., sclerosis, displacement of the normal tissues by Ibrous tissue, glass'y d., hyaline d. gran'ular i., basophilia (2). gray d., d. of the white sub- stance of the spinal cord the fibers of which lose iheir medullary sheath and become darker in :olor. hy aline d., a retrogressive change in the supporting connective-tissue fibrils of the coats jf the arterioles, especially the inner, marked by swelling and fusion of the fibrils, forming a clear, xanslucent, structureless mass; it resembles, but s distinct from, amyloid degeneration, the stalli- ng reactions of the two being different, hy'aloid 1., amyloid d. hydrop'ic d., a condition in which ;he cell absorbs water to such a degree that it Dursts; this change occurring in a number of lells, results in the formation of a vesicle, larda'- ;eous d., amyloid d. mu'cinoid d., a term sug- gested by Greenfield and Lyon to include both nucoid and colloid d., the essential cellular ^hanges in both being similar, the only difference Deing that in colloid d., the substance is firmer and more inspissated than in mucoid d.. in which it is thin and jelly-like, mu'coid d., a regressive change in the mucus-secreting cells, or a patho- logical exaggeration of normal mucus-secretion, in which the cells undergo a change similar to cloudy swelling with deposits of mucoid material in and between the cells; also a conversion of any of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or mucoid substance, myelin'ic d., a deposit of lecithin and myelinic bodies in the cells, in phos- phorus poisoning and autolysis; this deposit precedes the appearance of fatty globules and is accompanied by disintegration of the nucleus and a discharge of nuclear chromatin into the cytoplasm, myxo'matous d., a, form of mucoid degeneration occurring in myxedema and in vari- ous inflammatory conditions, as in the mucous polypi growing from mucous membranes. Kissl d., see Nissl. parenchy'matous d., cloudy swelling. pol'3rpoid d., the formation of numerous rather large thick papilliform projections from the mucous membrane, reac'tion of d., the electri- cal r. in a degenerated nerve and the muscles supplied by it; it consists In absence of response to both galvanic and faradic stimulus in the nerve and to faradic stimulus in the muscles. red d., a necrotic change not infrequently occur- ring in uterine fibroids during pregnancy, marked by softening and a deep red or mahogany coloration, sec'ondaiy d., degeneration of a nerve, affecting always the end which is cut off from its trophic center, se'nile d., the process of involution occurring in old age. vac'uo- lar d., a form of d. resembling the hydropic, but in lesser degree, in which there is a formation of vacuoles in the cells. "Walle'rian d., secondary d. following division, compression, or other injury of a nerve, wax'y d., amyloid d. Zen'ker's d., waxy or amyloid d- in muscular tissue, occurring in long continued fevers and also in anemia and various toxic conditions. degen'erative. Relating to degeneration. deglutition (dS-glu-tish'un) [L. deglutire, to swallow.] Swallowing. deglu'titive. Relating to deglutition. degrease (de-gres'). To remove fatty matter or grease. degree' [Fr. degri; L. gradus, a step.] i. A rank conferred by colleges and universities in recogni- tion of the completion of a certain course of study or as a mark of honor. The most common medical degrees are Chirurgiae Magis- ter (CM.), master in surgery; Medicinae Bach- elor (M.B.), bachelor of medicine; Medicinae Doctor (M.D.), doctor of medicine, z. One of the divisions on the scale of a thermometer, barometer, etc. degusta'tion [L. degusiare, to taste.] The sense of taste ; tasting. dehaematize, dehematize (de-hem'S-tiz). To de- prive of blood, either locally by pressure or gen- erally by bleeding. Dehio's test (da'he-o) [Karl Konstantinovitch Dehio, Russian physician, *i85i.] If an injec- tion of atropine relieves bradycardia the condi- tion is due to irritation of the vagus; if it does not, the condition is due to an affection of the cardiac musculature. dehis'cence [L. dehiscere, to gape.] A splitting or bursting open. dehiscent (de-his'ent). In botany, marked by de- hiscence. dehumaniza'tion. Loss of human characteristics; brutalization. DEHYDRATE 264 DELIVER dehy'drate [L. de, from, + G. kydorQiydr-), water.] 1. To extract water from. 2. To lose water. dehydra'tion. ji. Depriving of water. ^, Losing water. dehy'drogenize. To remove hydrogen from a com- pound. dehyp'notize. To bring out of the hypnotic state. deiterospinal tract (di'ter-o-spi"naI) . Fibers leading from Deiters' nucleus into the spinal cord. Delters' cells (di'ters) [Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters, German anatomist, 1834--1863.] i. Supporting cells in the organ of Corti, attached to the basilar membrane and receiving between their free ex- tremities the hair-cells, or cells of Corti of the outer row. :«. Astrocytes or spider-cells of the neuroglia. 3. Nerve-cells of the first type, the netiraxons of which become the axis-cylinders of nerve-fibers. D.'s nu'cleup, the lateral vestibular nucleus, lying to the mesial side of the resti- form body in the pons. D.'s phalan'ges, D.'s cells (i). D.'s proc'ess, the axis-cylinder process or neuraxon.* D.'s ter'minal frames, plate-like structures in the organ of Corti uniting D.'s cells (i) with Hensen's cells. dejecta (de-jek'tah) [L. dejicere, to throw down.] The matter passed from the bowel, feces; excre- mentitious material in general. dejection (de-jeVshun). i. Melancholy, mental depression. 2. Matter passed from the bowels. 3. The passage of matter from the bowels, defeca- tion. Dejerine's disease' (da-zha-ren') [Joseph Jules Di- jirine, Parisian neurologist, 1849-1917.] Inter- stitial neuritis of infancy, causing muscular atrophy. D.'s periph'eral neurota'bes, multiple neuritis with ataxia. Dijerine-Landouzy type. See Landouzy. D^jSrine-Lichtheim phenomenon (da-zha-ren'- likht'him fe-nom'e-non) [Joseph Jules Dijerine; Ludwig Lichtheim, German physician, *i84S.] In subcortical motor aphasia, the patient can indicate with his fingers the number of syllables in a word which, however, he cannot speak. delacerate (de-las'er-at). To tear, to lacerate badly. delacryma'tion. Lacrymation, excessive secretion of tears. delacta'tion. Weaning. Del'afield's hematox'ylin [Francis Delafield, New York physician and pathologist, 1841-1915.] A stain for histological specimens; hematoxylin 4, ammonia-alum 52, absolute alcohol 25, methyl alcohol 100, glycerin 100, water 400. delamina'tion. A division into laminas, specifically the division of the blastoderm into two layers, epiblast and hypoblast. Delbet's sign (del-ba'). In a case of aneurysm of a main artery, if the nutrition of the part below is well maintained despite the fact that the pulse has disappeared, the collateral circulation is efficient. deleterious (de-le-te'ri-us) [G. delsterios.} In- jurious, noxious, harmful. Del'hi boil, Del'hi sore [Delhi, a city in the Punjaub, British India.] Oriental boil.i" del'icate [L. delicatus, soft, luxurious.] Of feeble resisting power. deligation (de-li-ga'shun) [L. deligare, to tie to- gether.] Ligation, the application of a ligature. deliiiiita'tion [L. delimiiare, to mark the limits.] Putting bounds or limits, marking off ; preventing the spread of a morbid process in the body or of a disease in the community. delinquent (de-ling'kwent) [L. delinquere, to fail.] One who has a tendency to the commission of criminal acts. deliquesce (del-i-kwes') [L. deliquescere, to melt away.] To become damp or liquid by absorb- ing water from the atmosphere, said of certain salts. deliquescence (del"I-kwes'ens). The process of deliquescing. deliques'cent. Noting a solid substance which readily absorbs water from the air, becoming damp or liquid. deliqmum (de-ll'kwi-um) [L. de, down, -f- liquere, to melt.] I. Deliquescence. 2. [L. deliquere, to fail.] A faint, syncope, d. an'imi, sjmcope. delir'iont. i. Causing delirium. 2. A toxic agent which produces delirium. 3. One who is delir- ious. delirifacient (de-lir-I-fa'shent) [L. delirium + facere, to make.] i. Causing delirium, deliriant. z. A deliriant (2). delir'ious. In a state of delirium delir'ium [L. delirare, to be crazy.] A condition of extreme mental, and usually motor, excitement, marked by a rapid succession of confused and imconnected ideas, often with illusions and hallucinations, ac'tive d., d. accompanied, by motor excitement, acute' d., grave d. anz'ious d., a condition of mild psychomotor disturbance in which the prominent note is a sort of incoherent apprehension or anxiety, collapse' d., one caused by extreme physical depression induced by a shock, profuse hemorrhage, exhausting labor, etc. d. alcohoricum, d. tremens, d. ambitio'sum, d. grandiostun. d. cord'is, extreme irregularity in rhythm and force of the heart's action, d. grandio'sum, d. of grandeur, d. in which the sub- ject is filled with ideas of his own importance, wealth, or power, d. mus'sitans [L. mussitare, to mutter], muttering d., a form common in low fevers in which the subject is unconscious, but constantly mutters incoherently, d. of persecu'- tion, d. in which the subject has the delusion that he is being persecuted, d. si'ne delir'io [delirium without delirium], an abortive form of delirium tremens, in which all the symptoms of tremor, precordial distress, dyspepsia, anxiety, restlessness, and sweating are present, but in which mental confusion and hallucinations do not supervene, d. tre'mens [L. tremere, to dread], a form of acute insanity due to alcoholic poisoning, marked by sweating, tremor, atonic dyspepsia, restlessness, anxiety, precordial distress, mental confusion, and hallucinations, d. vesan'icum [L. vesania, insanity], insanity, grave d., acute d., a very pronounced and severe form of d. usually pre- saging the death of the patient, low d., a form in which there is little excitement, either mental or motor, the ideas being confused and inco- herent, but following each other slowly, se'- nile d., the mental feebleness of extreme old age; dotage, tox'ic d., d. caused by the action of some poison, traumat'ic d., d. following a severe injury. delitescence (del-I-tes'ens) [L. delitescere, to lie hidden.] i. The sudden subsidence of symp- toms; disappearance of a tumor or a cutaneous lesion. 2. Period of incubation of an infectious disease. deliv'er [L. deliberare, to set free.] i. To assist a woman in childbirth. 2. To extract from an en- closed place, as the child from the womb, a tumor from its capsule or surroundings, the crystalline lens in case of cataract, etc. ;livery 265 DEMINERALIZATION v'ery. i. The passage of the child through the enital canal into the external world. 2. The nal removal of the lens in cataract extraction. ost-mor'tem d., the extraction of the fetus after he death of its mother, premature' d., the ex- lulsion of a viable fetus, i.e. after the beginning f the seventh month. e (del'eh). The central, lighter colored portion £ the erythrocyte in a stained blood specimen. Lomor'phous [G. delos, manifest, + morphe, arm.] Of definite form and shape. ore's meth'od (de-lor') [Xavier Delore, French ihysician, *i828.] The treatment of knock-knee ly forcible manual correction and subsequent leasing in a plaster-of-Paris splint. ouse (de-lows') . To free from infestation with ice, a term used especially in relation to the )rophylaxis of typhus fever, trench fever, and ither supposed louse-borne diseases. pecb's ab'scess (del-pesh') [Jacques Mathieu 5elpech, French surgeon, 1777— 1832.] An ibscess appearing suddenly with but slight in- lammatory symptoms, accompanied by marked idynamia. phinine (del'fin-en) . An alkaloid, C22Ha5N06, rem staphisagria, occurring in the form of white loluble crystals; employed in neuralgia, pal- >itation, and chronic rheumatism in doses of f • ^"tn^V (0.001—0.002), and externally, in i or 2 jer cent, ointment, in pediculosis. [phin'ium [G. delphinioH, larkspur.] A genus of plants of the order Ranunculacece. D. aja'cis, a species which, with the following, is a source of lelphinium of the N.P. D. consol'ida, delphin- um (N.F.), larkspur, the seeds of which have properties similar to those of stavesacre; it has ilso been used in dropsy and asthma in doses of 10! 10 (0-6) of the N.F. tincture. D. staphlsa'- jria, stavesacre, staphisagria.* .'ta [name of the Greek letter A, corresponding to the Roman D.] In anatomy, a triangular iurface. d. for'nicis, lyra, commissura* hippo- ;ampi. d. mesoscap'ulse, the flat triangular sur- face at the vertebral extremity of the spine of the icapula over which glides the tendon iox the ower fibers of the trapezius muscle, d. rays, secondary electrons of slow speed which are produced when alpha particles strike matter, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous. Galt'on's d., see Gallon. Itoid (del'toyd) [G. delta, the letter A, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling the Greek letter \; relating to the deltoid muscle, d. em'inence, d. mpres'sion, tuberositas deltoidea. d. lig'ament, igamentum deltoideum. d. muscle, musculus idtoideus. d. spine, d. tu'bercle, a tubercle 1; the inner end of the anterior border of the clavicle, at the beginning of the d. impression. toideus (del-to-id'e-us). The deltoid muscle, nusculus* deltoideus. lunat'ico inquiren'do [L. as to inquiring regarding I lunatic] The title of a writ appointing a com- nission to examine a person as to his mental itate. usion (de-lu'zhun) [L. deludere, to deceive.] An mmovable illusion or hallucination, a false be- ief or wrong judgment, d. of nega'tion, a de- pressive delusion in which the victim imagines the iTorld and all that relates to it have ceased to sxist. depres'sive d., one connected with sad pr distressing ideas ezpan'sive d., one connected with ideas of grandeur, per'secutory d., a false lotion that one is being persecuted, sys'tema- ized d., a d. which is logically founded upon a false premise, unsys'tematized d., one of a group of disconnected illogical delusions. delu'sional. Relating to a delusion or delusions. demagnetize (de-mag'ne-tiz). i. Dehypnotize, de- inesmerize. ^. To take away or destroy mag- netism. demarca'tion [L. de, off, + marcare, to mark.] A setting of limits, determining a boundary, line of d., a zone of inflammatory reaction separating a gangrenous area from healthy tissue, sur'face d., the line between paralyzed and functioning muscle. Demarquay's symp'tom (de-mar-ka') [Jean Nicolas Z^emar^May, French surgeon, 1811— 1875.] Absence of elevation of the larynx during deglutition, said to indicate syphilitic induration of the trachea. dement', i. Suffering from dementia, demented. 2. One who is demented. dement'ed. Dement, suffering from dementia or loss of reason. dementia (de-men'shyah) [L. de- priv. + mens, mind.] Insanity characterized by more or less complete abolition of the mental faculties of reason, memory, etc. acute' d., primary d. appercep'tive d., Weygandt's term for the end process of dementia precox accompanied by ex- treme mental weakness, cataton'ic d., cata- tonia (2). chron'ic d., (1) secondary d.; (2) d. of unfavorable prognosis, cu'iable d., amentia, acute d. d. paralyt'ica, paralytic dementia, general paresis.* d. paranoi'des, a disease be- ginning in early life with paranoid symptoms and terminating in dementia, d. prae'cox [L. precocious], a disease characterized by progres- sive mental weakness tending to dementia, oc- curring in adolescents or young adults, hebe- phren'ic d., the simple and more quiet form of d. praecox, beginning with marked irritability and psychasthenia, followed by a stage of mod- erate maniacal excitement, which is succeeded by complete dementia, pri'mary d., amentia, a, form of acute d. occurring usually in the young, and often of favorable prognosis, sec'ondary d., chronic d. following mania or melancholia, of unfavorable prognosis, se'nile d., progressive mental deterioration with loss of memory, espe- cially for recent events, and occasional inter- current attacks of excitement, occurring in the aged, ter'minal d., secondary d. tox'ic d., d. occurring in the victim of a drug habit. dement'ing. Tending to dementia. demi- [Fr. ; L. dimidius, half.] Semi-, hemi-, a prefix denoting half. demigauntlet (dem"I-gawnt'let). A glove-like band- age for the fingers and hand. demilune (dem'J-lun) [Fr. half -moon.] i. The malarial crescent. 2. A crescentic cell; see Adamkiewicz, Heidenhain, and Gianuzzi. d. bod'y, a circular body of extreme transparency except for a crescentic punctate substance on one edge which contains hemoglobin; the body is much larger than a red cell but is thought possibly to be a degenerated red cell swollen by imbibition; it has been found in malaria and in convalescence from typhoid fever; the transparent portion is called the glass-body. dem"imonstros'ity. A monstrosity in which the malformation is not so extreme as to render life impossible. demineralization (de-min"er-al-i-za'shun). A loss or decrease of the animal constituents of the body or individual tissues, coeffic'ient of d., the propor- tion of mineral compounds to the total dry residue of the urine; the average is 30 per cent. DEMIPENNIFORM 266 DENS dem'^ipenn^ifonn. Demipectinate, penniform on one side only, noting certain muscles with iibers running at an acute angle from one side of a tendon. demise (de-miz') [Fr. dimise; L. dimiitere, to resign.] Death. Demme's bacil'lus (dem'meh). A gram-positive bacillus with rounded ends, producing in guinea- pigs an eruption resembling erythema nodosum. Demodex folliculortun (de'mo-deks fol-lik'u-lo-rum) [G. demos, tallow, + dex, a wood-worm.] A minute parasite inhabiting the hair-follicles and ducts of the sebaceous glands; it seldom causes any irritation. demog'raphy [G. demos, the people, + graphs, I write.] The science of statistics relating to man in general — vital statistics, comparative statistics of race, occupation, habitation, etc., in their relation to sickness and health, and to human progress. demoniac (de-mo'ni-ak) [G. daimon, a spirit.] I. Frenzied. 2. One said to be possessed of evil spirits, a lunatic. demonomania (de"mon-o-ma'nI-ah) [G. daimon, a spirit, + mania, frenzy.] Dasmonomania, an insane belief that one is possessed of devils. demonopathy (de-mon-op'^-thi) [G. daivton, a spirit, + pathos, suffering.] Demonomania. demonophobia (de-mon-o-fo'bi-ah) [G. daimon, a spirit, + phobos, fear.] A fear of the devil or of spirits. dem'onstrator [L. demon (rare, to point out.] i. An assistant to a professor of anatomy, surgery, etc., who prepares for the lecture by dissections, collection of patients, etc., or who instructs small classes supplementary to the regular lec- tures; a demonstrator corresponds in a general way to the Dozent of a German university. 2. The index-finger (obsolete) . De Mor'gan's spots [Campbell De Morgan, English physician, 1811-1876.] Reddish spots on the skin, sometimes observed in cases of cancer. demoiphinization (de-mor-fin-i-za'shun). i. Re- moval of morphine from an opiate. 2. The gradual withdrawal of morphine as a method of cure of the morphine habit. Demours's mem'brane (dS-moor') [Pierre Demours, French oculist, 1702-1795.] Descemet's* mem- brane, demul'cent [L. dem-ulcere, to smooth down.] Sooth- ing, relieving irritation. 2. An agent, such as a mucilage or oil, which soothes and relieves irritation, especially of the mucous surfaces. denarcotize (de-nar'ko-tiz). To remove narcotin from an opiate; to deprive of narcotic properties. denatixred (de-na'churd). Made unnatural, changed from the normal in any of its characteristics, d. al'cohol, alcohol* denaturatimi. dendraxon, dendraxone (den-drak'son) [G. dendron, tree, -I- axon, axis.] Neuropodion, the terminal arborization of the neuraxon of a nerve-cell of the second type, or of Golgi. den'dric. Relating to a dendron, noting a neuron with branching processes. den'drifoTm [G. dendron, tree, -f L. forma, form.] Tree-shaped, branching, dendroid. dendrite (den'drit) [G. dendrites, relating to a tree.] One of the branching protoplasmic processes of the nerve-cell, dendron. dendritic (den-drit'ik) . i. Arborescent, dendri- form. 2. Relating to the dendrites or pro- toplasmic processes of the nerve-cells, d. cal'culus, a renal stone moulded to the shape of the pelvis and calyces, d. stone, d. calculus. dendroid (den'droyd) [G. dendron, tree, + eidos, appearance.] Tree-like, dendriform, arbores- cent, branching. den'dron [G. a tree.] Dendrite, one of the branch- ing processes of a neuron. Denecke's spiril'lum (den'6-keh) [Denecke, German bacteriologist, contemporary.] See under spiril- lirai. dengue (den'ga) [Sp. a corruption of "dandy" fever.] Breakbone fever, dandy fever; a disease of trop- ical and subtropical regions, occurring epidem- ically, and marked by intense aching in the head, muscles, and joints, and fever; there are usually two paroxysms, separated by a quiescent inter- val, in the first of which there is an erythematous rash, in the second a roseola; the disease is thought to be due to a protozoan parasite trans- mitted by a mosquito of the genus Culex. denida'tion [L. de, from, + nidus, nest.] The exfoliation of the superficial portion of the mucous membrane of the uterus; stripping ofE of the menstrual decidua. Denigis' test (d£-ne-zhes') [Georges Denigks, French biological chemist, *i859.] For uric acid: to the suspected substance nitric acid is added and then a little sulphuric acid and commercial ben- zene; the presence of uric acid (changed by the nitric acid to alloxan) is indicated by a blue color. Den'man's sponta'neous evolu'tion [Thomas Den- man, English obstetrician, 1733— 1815.] A mode of spontaneous version occurring at or just above the brim in some cases of transverse presenta- tion. Denonvillier's aponeuro'sis (dg-nawn-ve-ya') [Charles Pierre Denonvillier, Paris surgeon, 1808-1872.] Rectovesical fascia, Tyrrell's fascia, an ill-defined fibromuscular layer extending from the posterior border of the superior leaflet of the middle apo- neurosis of the perineum, behind the prostate. D.'s lig'ament, ligamentum puboprostaticum (pubovesicale) medium. D.'s meth'od, closing of an artificial anus by suture of the mucous membrane strengthened by a portion of the muscularis. dens [L.] i. Tooth. 2. [BNA] The odontoid process, a strong tooth-like process projecting upward from the body of the epistropheus, or axis, around which the atlas rotates, d. angula'- ris, d. caninus. d. bicus'pidus (pi. denies bicuspidi), bicuspid tooth, d. premolaris [BNA]. d. cani'nus (pi. denies canini) [BNA], canine tooth, having a crown of thick, conical shape and a long, slightly flattened conical root; there are two canine teeth in each jaw, one on either side between the incisors and the pre- molars, in both the deciduous and the perma- nent dentures, d. cuspida'tus (pi. denies cus- pidati), d. caninus. d. decid'uus (pi. denies decidui) [BNA], first tooth, milk tooth, one of the twenty teeth belonging to the first or decidu- ous denture; the eruption of the milk teeth begins from the fifth to the seventh month and is usually completed about the end of the second year. d. incisi'vus (pi. denies incisivi) [BNA], incisor tooth, having a chisel-shaped crown and a single conical tapering root; there are four in- cisor teeth in the anterior part of each jaw, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentures. d. lac'teus, milk tooth, d. deciduus. d. mola'ris (pi. denies molares) [BNA], molar tooth, grinder, or multicuspidate, having a somewhat quad- rangular crown with four or five tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface; the root is DENS 267 DENTITION bifid in the lower jaw but has three conical fangs in the upper jaw; there are six molars in each jaw, three on either side behind the pre- molars; in the deciduous denture there are but four molars in each jaw. d. multicus'pidus (pi. denies multicuspidi), d. molaris. d. per'- manens (pi. denies permanenles) [BNA], one of the thirty-two teeth belonging to the second or pemaanent denture; the eruption of the per- manent teeth begins from the fifth to the seventh year and is not completed until the eighteenth to twenty-fifth year when the last of the wisdom teeth appears, d. premola'ris (pi. denies premo- lares) [BNA], premolar tooth, bicuspid, having a crown flattened from before backward with two tubercles or cusps on the grinding surface, and a flattened root, single in the lower jaw, bifid or furrowed in the upper jaw; there are four premolars in each jaw, two on either side between the canine and the molars; there are no premolars in the deciduous denture, d. sa- pien'tiae [L. sapientia, wisdom], d. serotinus, d. seroti'nus (pi. denies seroiini) [BNA], late tooth, wisdom tooth, the third molar tooth on each side in each jaw; the wisdom teeth erupt late, from the eighteenth to the twenty-fifth year, and often decay early; the root fangs are often fused, the separation being marked only by grooves. d. sophronet'icus [G. sopkronelikos, prudent, sober], wisdom tooth, d. serotinus, d. suc- ceda'neus (pi. denies succedanei) , one of the teeth which replace the deciduous teeth after the latter have fallen out; an incisor, cuspid, or bicuspid. densimeter (den-sim'e-tur) [L. densus, thick, + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the density of a fluid, that is, for ascertaining its specific gravity. density (den'si-ti) [L. densus, thick.] i. The compactness of a substance, the amount of it in a given unit of space. 2. The quantity of electricity on a given surface or in a given time per unit of volume. dentag'ra [L. dens(dent-), teeth, + G. agra, seizure.] I. Toothache. 2. Tooth-forceps. deu'tal. I. Relating to the teeth. 2. One of the consonants, i, d, n, which are formed with the tongue against the upper incisor teeth, d. en'- gine, a machine run by foot power or electricity, by means of which a rapid rotary motion is imparted to a bur-drill or other instrument, d. for'mula, a statement in tabular form of the number of each kind of teeth in the jaw; the dental formula for man is, for the milk teeth : i.— m.^^ = 2o: for the permanent teeth: 2-2 i-i c , i-i . 2-2 I-I 2-2 3-3. c. ^^, pm. — , m.=^^ = 32. d. groove, 2-2 I-I •'^ 2-2 3-3 a depression along the border of the jaw in the embryo, d. in'dex, the ratio of the dental length, or space occupied by the premolar and molar teeth, to the length of the basinasal line; the formula is : dental length x 100 = dental index. length of basinasal line d. length, the distance along the alveolar border between the anterior surface of the first premolar and the posterior surface of the third molar tooth in the upper jaw, i.e. the space occupied by the molar and premolar teeth, d. OBteo'ma, a small tumor arising from the cementum of a tooth. d. papill'a, dentinal* papilla, d. ridge, the promi- nent border of the d. groove, .d. sac, a connect- ive-tissue covering to the developing tooth. d. sheath, dentinal* sheath, d. shelf, an invagi- nation of the d. ridge covering the d. papilla. dental'gia [L. dens(deni-), tooth, + algos, pain.] Odontalgia. den'taphone. Dentiphone. dentata (den-tah'tah) [L. fem. of dentatus, toothed.] Vertebra* dentata. den'tate [L. dentatus, toothed.] Notched, toothed, cogged. , dentatum (den-tah'tum) [L. neut. of dentatus, toothed.] Nucleus dentatus. den'tes [L. pi. of dens, tooth.] [BNA] Teeth. dentic'ulate, dentic'ulated [L. denticulus, a small tooth.] I. Finely dentated, notched, or serrated. z. Having small teeth. dentification (den-ti-fi-ka'shun) [L. dens (denl-), tooth, -I- facere, to make.] Conversion into dental structure, said especially of a soft neo- plasm becoming an odontoma. den'tiform [L. dens{dent-), tooth, -I- forma, form.] Tooth-shaped, pegged, odontoid. dentifrice (den'tl-fris) [L. dens{denl-), tooth, -t- fricare, to rub.] A tooth-powder, tooth-paste, tooth- wash; any preparation used in the cleansing of the teeth. dentigerous (den-tij'er-us) [L. densident-), tooth, -I- gerere, to bear.] Having or containing teeth, as a dentigerous cyst. dentila'bial [L. dens, tooth, -1- labium, lip.] Relat- ing to the teeth and lips. dentilingual (den-tl-ling'gwal) [L. dens, tooth, -|- lingua, tongue.] Relating to the teeth and tongue. den'tin. Dentine. den'tinal. Relating to dentine, d. bulb, enamel* germ. d. fi'beis, the processes of the cells of the pulp of a tooth, contained in the d. tubules. d. groove, dental* groove, enamel groove, d. papill'a, one of the projections of underlying connective tissue pushing up into the enamel germ. d. ridge, dental* shelf, d. sheath, Neumann's sheath; a layer of tissue very resist- ant to the action of acids, which forms the walls of the d. tubules, d. tu'bules, canaliculi den- tales; minute, wavy, branching tubes or canals in the dentine; they contain the d. fibers. dentinal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain or tenderness in the dentine. dentine (den'ten) [L. dens, tooth.] The substance proper of a tooth, substantia* eburnea. dentinifica'tion. The formation of dentine. dentin! tis (den-tin-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the dentine. den'tinoid [G. eidos, resembling,] r. Resembling dentine. ■^. A small tumor arising from the dentine of a tooth. dentinos'teoid [dentine + G. osteon, bone, + eidos, resemblance.] Dentinoid (2). dentiphone (den'tJ-fon) [L. dens(dent-), tooth, + G. phone, sound.] A device for hearing by bone conduction; a fan-like piece of guttapercha or tin which is held against the upper teeth, receiving the sound waves and transmitting them through the bones of the head to the receiving apparatus of the ears ; dentaphone, auriphone, audiphone. den'tist. A dental surgeon; a practitioner who specializes in diseases of the teeth and adjacent parts. den'tistry. Dental surgery; the science of the pre- vention and treatment of diseases of the teeth. dentition (den-tish'un). i. Eruption of the teeth. 2. The number, shape, and arrangement of the teeth characteristic of the genus or species. 3. Denture (i). pri'mary d., the first d., the eruption of the milk teeth ; it begins usually between the sixth and the eighth months and is completed be- DENTITION 268 DEPRESSOR tween the twenty-eighth and the thirty-second months, or about the age of two and one-half years, sec'ondary d., the eruption of the per- manent teeth; it begins usually about the sixth year and is completed by the fifteenth year, except for the four posterior molars, or wisdom teeth, which do not erupt until between the eigh- teenth and the twenty-fifth years, ter'tiary d., a third and imperfect eruption of teeth, occurring very rarely as an anomaly in adult life or even in beginning old age. dentoalveolitis (den-to-al"ve-o-li'(le')tis). Pyor- rhea alveolaris; for synonyms, see alveolitis. den'toid [L. dens(,dent-), tooth, + eidos, resemblance.] Odontoid, dentiform. dentoliva (denf'o-le'vah) [L. dens{dent-), tooth + oliva, olive.] Olivary body, oliva. denture (den'chur) [Fr. from L. dens, tooth.] i. The thirty-two permanent teeth, or the twenty deciduous teeth, taken together or forming a set. 2. A set of artificial teeth, full d., a complete set of teeth, natural or artificial, in both jaws, par- tial d., a set of two or more artificial teeth in one or both jaws. Denuc€'s lig'ament (dS-nii-sa') [Maurice DenucS, Bordeaux surgeon, *i859.] A quadrilateral fibrous band forming part of the capsule of the superior radioulnar articulation, extending from the inferior border of the sigmoid cavity to the internal border of the neck of the radius. denucleated (de-nu'kle-a-ted). Deprived of a nu- cleus. denudation (de-nu-da'shun) [L. de, from, -I- nudus, naked.] Depriving of a covering or protecting layer. denutrition (de-nu-trish'un) [L. de, from, -f nutrio, I nourish.] Want or failure of nutrition. Denys's tuber'culin (den-es') [G. Denys, Belgian physician, contemporary.] A filtrate through porcelain of a bouillon culture of human tubercle bacilli; bouillon filtr^, B.F. ; see tuberculin. Denys-Leclef phenom'enon (den-es-le-kla') [G. Denys; Leclef, Belgian physicians, contempo- rary.] Phagocytosis occurring in the test-tube upon mixing leucocytes, microorganisms, and the immune serum belonging to them. deobstruent (de-ob'stru-ent) [L. de- priv. + ob- struere, to obstruct.] i. Relieving or removing obstruction. '^. An agent which removes an obstruction to secretion or excretion; resolvent. deo'dorant [L. de- priv. + odorare, to smell.] r. Removing a smell, especially an unpleasant smell. 2. An agent which destroys odors, es- pecially disagreeable odors. deodorize (de-o'dor-Iz). To free from odor, espe- cially from an unpleasant odor deo'dorizer. A substance which converts the odoriferous products of decomposition into inodorous compounds, usually by a process of oxidation. deontol'ogy [G. deon(deoni-), something obligatory, -I- -logia.] Ethics; in medicine the science of the duties and rights of the practitioner in relation to his colleagues and to his patients. deopp'ilative [L. de- priv. -f oppilare, to stop up.] Removing obstructions, deobstruent. deorsum (de-or'sum) [L.] Downward, turning downward. deorsumduction (de-or"sum-duk'shun) [L. deor- sum, downward, -t- ducere, to lead.] Bending, or turning downward. deorsumvergence (de-or"sum-vur'jens) [L. deorsum downward, -t- vergere, to incline, bend.] Bending or inclining downward, deorsumduction. deor"suniver'sion [L. deorsum, downward, -H vertere, to turn.] Deorsumduction, deorsum- vergence. deossifica'tion [L. de- priv. -f os, bone, -f facere, to make.] Removal of the mineral constituents of bone. deoxida'tion. Depriving a chemical compound of its oxygen. deox'idize. To remove oxygen from its chemical combination. deoxygena'tion. Removing oxygen, depriving of oxygen. deo'zonize. To deprive of ozone. depancreatize (de-pan'kre-a-tiz). To remove the pancreas by operation. depersonaliza'tion. Amnesia in relation to a part of the body; loss of the sense of personal owner- ship in a limb or other part. dephlogisticate (de-flo-jis'ti-kat) [L. de- priv. + G. phlogizo, I set on fire, inflame.] To subdue in- flammation. depigmenta'tion. Depriving of pigment. dep'ilate [L. depilare, to deprive of hair.] To pull out or otherwise remove the hair of a part. depila'tion. Removal of hair. depil'atory. Decalvant. i. Having the property of removing hair; relating to depilation. 2. An agent which causes the falling out of hair. deplete (de-plet') [L. de- priv. -f- plere, to fill.] i. To' remove, empty; to cause evacuations. 2. To reduce the strength. depletion (de-ple'shun). i. The removal of ac- cumulated fluids or solids. 2. A reduced state of strength from too free discharges. depluma'tion [L. deplumare, to pull out feathers.] Falling out of the eyelashes. depolariza'tion. The destruction, neutralization, or change in direction of polarity. depolarize. To deprive of polarity. depo'larizer. A substance absorbing the liberated gases in an electric battery and so preventing polarization. depos'it [L. depositum; deponere, to lay down.] A sediment, precipitate, brick-dust d., a sediment of urates in the urine. depravation (de-pra-va'shun) [L. depravare, to cor- rupt.] Deterioration, perversion. depraved'. Deteriorated, perverted, corrupt. depress'ant [L. depressus; deprimere, to press down.] I. Lowering the vital tone; reducing functional activity. 2. An agent which lowers nervous or functional activity, a sedative. depressed (de-presf). 1. Flattened from above downward. 2. Below the normal level or the level of the surrounding parts. 3. Below the normal functional level. 4. Dejected, lowered in spirits, d. frac'ture, fracture of the skull with sinking of a fragment below the level of the sur- rounding parts. depress'ing. Couching. depression (de-presh'un). i. A sinking below the surrounding level. 2. A hollow or sunken area. 3. Dejection, a sinking of spirits. depress'ive. Pushing down, causing depression, literally or figuratively. depressomotor (de-pres"o-mo'tor). i. Retarding motor activity. 2. An agent which slows or re- tards motion. depress'or. i. Anything which depresses or re- tards functional activity, -.i. An instrument used to push certain structures out of the way during an operation, d. muscle, see musculus depressor, d. nerve, a centripetal nerve, passing from the heart through the vagus to the bulb- DEPRESSOR 269 DERMATITIS stimulation of which causes a reflex fall of blood- pressure. dep'rimens oc'uli [L. deprimere, to depress.] Mus- culus rectus inferior. depth. Distance from the surface downward. fo'cal d., penetration of a lens. depuUzation (de-pu"li-za'shun) [L. de, from, + pulex {pulic-), flea.] Destruction of fleas which convey the plague bacillus from animals to man; a term used by those engaged in anti- plague work. dep'urant [L. depurare, to purify.] i. Purifying, removing waste products. 2. An agent which promotes the excretion and removal of waste material. depuration (dep-u-ra'shun). Purification, removal of waste products or foul excretions. dep'urative. Depurant. DeR. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration deradelphus (der-S-del'fus) [G. dere, neck, + adel phos, brother.] A twin monster with a single head and neck. deradenitis (der-S-den-i'(e')tis) [G. dere, neck, -f- aden, gland, + -itis.] Inflammation of the lymph glands in the neck, cervical adenitis. deradenoncus (der-ad-e-non'kus) [G. dere, neck, -I- aden, gland, + onkos, a tumor.] A swelling or tumor of the cervical lymph glands. derangement (de-ranj'ment) [Fr.] i. Disordering, a, disturbance of the regular order or arrange- ment. .1. Mental disturbance, insanity, inter'- nal d., Hey's* internal derangement of the knee. deratization (de-rat"i-za'shun) [L. de, from, + rattus, rat.] Extermination of rats; a term invented by those engaged in anti-plague work. Derbyshire neck (dar'bl-sher) [Derbyshire, a county in England, where goiter is, or was, common.] Goiter. Der'cum's disease' [Francis Xavier Dercum, Phila- delphia neurologist, *i8s6.] Adiposis dolorosa. derencephalocele (der-en-sef'al-o-sel) [G. dere, neck, 4- enkephalos, brain, + kele, hernia.] A mon- strosity in which the cranium is defective and the very small brain is contained, and partly ex- trudes through a defect, in the upper cervical spinal canal. derencephalus (der-en-sef'al-us) [G. dere, neck, + enkephalos, brain.] A monster with open skull and with a very small brain enclosed in the upper cervical spinal canal. dei'ic [G. deros, skin.] Relating to the ectoderm, as distinguished from enteric. der'ivant. Derivative. derivation (der-i-va'shun) [L. derivare, to draw off.] 1. The drawing of blood or the body fluids to one part, by means of cupping, blisters, etc., to re- lieve congestion in another, j. Descent, with modifications; evolution. deriv'ative. i. Relating to or producing derivation. 2. An agent which effects derivation. derm, derma, dermis (durm, dur'mah, dur'mis) [G. derma:] i. The outer integument, or skin. 2. Specifically, the corium or cutis vera. DermacentoT (dur"mah-sen'tor) [G. derma, skin, + kentor, a- goader.] A genus of ticks, two species of which, D. modestus and V. venustus, are re- puted agents in the spread of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. D. reiiculatus is a common species attacking sheep, oxen, goats, and deer and some- times troublesome to man; it is found in Europe, Asia, and America. ^ Dermacentroxenus rickettsi (dur-mah-sen-troks - e-nus ri-kets'J) [Dermacentor + G. xenos, host, + H. T. Ricketts, American pathologist, 1871- 1910.] A paired, lanceolate, slender rod- shaped or minute rounded microorganism, suggested as possibly the pathogenic agent in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. der'mad [G. derma, skin, + L. ad, to.] In the direction of the outer integument. dermag'ra. Dermatagra. dermahe'mia, dermahae'mia. Dermathemia. dermal (dur'nial)., Relating to the skin, especially to the true skin or cutis vera. dermalax'ia [G. derma, skin, + malaxis, softening.] Softening or relaxation of the skin. dermal'gia. Dermatalgia. dermametropathism (dur"mah-me-trop'a-thizm) [derma, skin, -|- matron, measure, + pathos, dis- ease.] A system of measurement of the intensity and natiu-e of a skin disease by observing the markings made by drawing a blunt instrument across the skin. dermamyiasis (der-mah-mi-i'a-sis). Myiasis of the skin. d. linea'ris mi'grans oestro'sa, creeping erup- tion.* dermanaplasty (durm-an'4-plas-ti) [G. derma, sHn, + anaplasso, I form anew.] Skin-grafting. Dermanys'sus galli'nae [G. derma, skin, + nysso, I prick; L. gallina, hen.] The red hen-mite, a parasite of chickens, pigeons, and other birds, sometimes attacking man when it causes an itching eruption. D. hirun'dinis [L. hirundo, swallow], a mite of brownish purple color in- festing the nests of swallows and occasionally attacking man. dermapos'tasis [G. derma, skin, + apostasis, ab- scess.] Any disease of the skin attended with the formation of abscesses. dermata'gra [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + agra, a seizure.] i. Pellagra. 2. A gouty affection of the skin. 3. Dermatalgia. dermatalgia (dur-ma-tal'ji-ah) [G. derma{dermat-) , skin, -t- algos, pain.] Dermalgia, localized pain, usually with paresthesia, of the skin. dermatauxe (dur-mi-tawk'se) [G. derma{dermai-), skin, -I- auxe, enlargement.] Hypertrophy of the skin. dermathemia, dermathsemia ' (dur-mi-te'ml-ah) [G. derma(,dermai-), skin, + haima, blood.] Der- mahemia, dermohemia, hyperemia of the skin. dermat'ic. Dermal. dermatitis (dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. dermaidermat-), skin, + -itis.] Inflammation of the skin, blasto- myce'tic d., cutaneous blastomycosis.* d. sesti- va'lis [L. cBstivus, summer], eczema recurring with the advent of hot weather, d. ambustio'nis [L. ambustio, a scorching], inflammation of the skin resulting from the action of heat. d. artefac'ta, feigned eruptions, inflammation of the skin caused by the application of various irritants, d. atrophicans, a diffuse idiopathic atrophy of the skin, involving the appendages, d. blastomy- cot'ica, blastomycosis, d. calor'ica, d. ambus- tionis. d. coccidioi'des, a form of blastomycosis the fungus of which multiplies by sporulation without budding, d. combustio'nis, inflamma- mation of the skin following a bum. d. conge- latio'nis, frostbite, chilblain, d. contusifor'mis [L. resembling contusions], erythema nodosum. d. Ditropeno'tus aureovir'idis, straw itch.* d. epidem'ica, Savill's disease, an acute contagious disease marked by a vesicular dermatitis followed by desquamation ; it is accompanied with more or less severe constitutional symptoms, coniunc- tivitis, pharyngitis, and enlargement of ,the cervical glands ; it may terminate fatally especially ' DERMATITIS 270 DERMATOPHYTE when attacking the old and infirm, d. erythe- mato'sa, erythema, d. excoriati'va infan'tum, inflammation of the skin, with marked excoria- tion, occurring in infants, d. exfoliati'va, pityria- sis rubra, an erythrodermia with branny desqua- mation, d. exfoliati'va epidem'ica, d. epidemica. d. exfoliati'va infan'tum or neonato'rum, keratol- ysis neonatorum, Ritter's disease, a generalized exfoliative dermatitis, accompanied with con- stitutional symptoms, affecting young infants ; it is frequently fatal, d. gangrasno'sa infan'- tum, more or less extensive gangrene of the skin in children, following chicken-pox or other pustular eruptions, or occurring spoijtaneously. d. herpetifor'mis, d. multiformis, pemphigus circinatus, Duhring's disease; a chronic disease of the skin marked by an itching eruption of no determinate form, though the lesions are apt to occur in groups ; spontaneous healing may occur, but relapses are common, d. hiema'lis [L. hiems, winter], winter itch, a recurrent eczema appearing with the advent of cold weather, d. medica- mento'sa, drug eruption, any rash or other cutaneous lesion arising from the action of drugs taken internally, d. multifor'mis, d. herpeti- formis, d. papllla'ris capillit'ii, sycosis nuchse necrotizans. d. Pediculoi'des ventrico'sus, straw itch.* d. re'pens [L. sudden, unexpected], acrodermatitis perstans, a vesicular or bullous moist dermatitis of the upper extremities fol- lowing an injury; it has a tendency to spread at the periphery while healing at the center, d. seborrhoe'ica, d. seborrho'ica, seborrheic inflam- mation of the skin, seborrhcea sicca, eczema seborrhceicum ; an eruption of reddish patches covered with greasy scales; it occurs chiefly on the face and scalp, in the latter location pro- ducing dandruff, d. sim'plex, erythema simplex. d. skiagraph'ica, inflammation of the skin due to exposure to the action of the Roentgen rays. d. variega'ta, maculopapiilar erythrodermia.* d. veg'etans, a disease marked by the presence of red fungating masses arising from areas of eczema on the skin. d. venena'ta [L. venenum, poison], inflammation of the skin caused by irritants, such as poison ivy and various chemicals. hyphomyce'tic d., a local infection with a hypho- mycetous fungus, the lesions resembling thoes of lupus verrucosus, malig'nant pap'illaiy d., Paget's* disease (2). x-ray d., d. skiagraphica. dennato-autoplasty (dur"ma-to-aw'to-plas-tI) [G. derma{dertnai-), skin, + auios, self, -I- plasso, I form.] Skin-grafting with material taken from another part of the patient's own body. Dermato'bia [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -I- bios, way of living.] A genus of flies of the family (Esiridce, found in tropical America, The larva of one species, D. noxialis, D. cyaniveniris [blue- belly], (macaco- worm) is sometimes present in the subcutaneous tissues where it sets up inflammatory swelling with abscess formation. dermatocele (dur'm^-to-sel, dur"mS.-to-se'le) G. derma, skin, -t- fcciS, hernia. ] Dermatolysis. d. lipomato'sa, a pedunculated lipoma under- going cystic degeneration. dermatocelido'sis [G. derma{dermai-), skin, + kelis, a spot, a stain,] A macular eruption; ephelides, freckles. dermatocelluUtis (dur-ma-to-sel-u-li'(le')tis). In- flammation of the skin and subcutaneous connec- tive tissue. dermatococcus (dur'mJi-to-kok"us) . A diplococ- cus found in certain cases of elephantiasis. llei"infttoconio'sis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -|- konis, dust.] A dermatitis caused by the irrita- tion of dust to which those engaged in certain occupations are exposed. der'matocyst. A cyst of the skin. dennatodyn'ia [G. derma(dermat-), skin, + odyne, pain.] Dermatalgia. dermatog'raphy [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + grapho, I write.] Dermography. i. A descrip- tive treatise on the skin. 2. A form of urticaria in which wheals follow the mark made by a pencil or style on the skin. der"matohet'eroplasty [G. derma(dermat-), skin, -I- heteros, another, -1- plasso, I form.] Skin-graft- ing in which the material is derived from another person. der'matoid [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + eidos, resem- blance.] I. Resembling skin. 2. Dermal, der- matic. 3. Desmoid (2). der"xnatokelido'sis. Dermatocelidosis. der'matol. Trade name of bismuth subgallate. dennatol'Dgist. A practitioner who devotes spe- cial attention to disease of the skin, a skin specialist. dermatol'ogy [G. derma(dermat-) skin, + -fogio.] The branch of medicine which has to do especially with diseases of the skin; the specialty of skin diseases. dennatol'ysis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + lysis, loosing.] Cutis pendula, a condition of hyper- trophy of the skin which hangs down in places in loose folds. dermato'ma [G. derma, skin.] A circumscribed thickening or hypertrophy of the skin. dennatome [G. derma, skin, + tome, incision,] Dermatotome. dermatomere (dur'mS.-to-mer) [G. derma[dermat-), skin, -f meros, part.] A segment of the embry- onic integument. dermatomucosomyositis (dur"m&-to-mu-ko"so- mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. derma, skin, -t- L. mucosa mucous (membrane), + G. mys, muscle, -t- -itis.'\ Dermatomyositis with involvement of the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth, and larynx. dermatomyces (dur"ma-to-mi's§z) [G. derma{der- mat-), skin, -I- mykes, fungus.] Dermatophyte. der"matomyco'sis [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + mykes, fungus.] A skin disease due to the presence of a vegetable microparasite. blasto- myce'tic d., cutaneous blastomycosis, d. furfura'- cea [L. branny], tinea versicolor, d. trichophyti'- na, tinea trichophytina. dermatomyo'ma [G. derma, skin, -i- mys, muscle, 4- -oma.] A tumor, usually multiple, due to hy- perplasia of the arrectores pilorum muscles or of the muscular coat of the small arteries. dermatomyositis (dur-ma-to-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. der- ma{dermat-), skin, -^ mys, muscle, -t- -itis.] Acute myositis with involvement of the overlying skin, multiple myositis.* dermatoneurology (dur"ma,-to-nu-rol'o-jI) [G. derma[dermat-), skin, + neuron, nerve, + -logia.} That branch of dermatology or neurology which has to do with the dermatoneuroses. dermatoneuTosis (dur"mS-to-nu-ro'sis) [G. derma {dermal-), skin, + neuron, nerve.] Any disease of the skin of nervous, or seemingly nervous, origin; a cutaneous neurosis. dennatonosol'ogy [G. derma(dermat-), skin, -I- nosos, disease, + -logia.'] The science of the nomen- clature and classification of diseases of the skin. dennaton'osus [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -1- nosos, disease.] Dermatosis. dermatophyte (dm-'mS-to-fit) [G. derma{dermat-), ERMATOPHYTE 271 DESAULT'S BANDAGE skin, + phyton, plant.] A vegetable micropara- site of the skin. rmatophyto'sis. Dermatomycosis. rmatoplas'tic. Relating to dermatoplasty, or skin-grafting. r'matoplasty [G. derma(d{rmat-), skin, + plasso, I form.] Repair of defects of the skin; skin- grafting. rmatorrhagia (dur"m3,-tor-ra'jI-ah) [Q. derma (dermat-), skin, + -rhagia,'] Hemorrhage from or into the skin. d. parasit'ica, a, disease of the horse marked by numerous localized hemorrhages into the skin, due to the presence of a larva or worm. rmatorrhe'a, dennatorrhoe'a [G. derma{dermat-), skin, + rhoia, flow.] An excessive secretion of the sebaceous or sweat-glands of the skin. rmatosclerosls (dur"ni3.-to-skle-ro'sis) [G. derma idermat-), skin, + scleroo, I harden.] Diffuse symmetrical scleroderma ; scleroma. rmato'sis. A skin disease of any nature, angio- neurot'ic d., a skin disease the lesions of which are caused by vasomotor disturbances in the cuta- neous or subcutaneous tissues. imatoskel'eton. Exoskeleton. nnatosome (dur'mS-to-som) [G. dermaidermat-), skin, + sdm.a, body.] A section or segment of the equatorial plate in mitosis. rmatotherapy (dur"ma-to-ther'a-pI) [G. derm,a {dermai-), skin, + therapeia, treatment.] Treat- ment of skin diseases. irmatothlasia (dur"m^-to-thla'zi-ah) [G. derma, skin, + ihlasis, a bruising.] A tic or uncontroll- able impulse marked by pinching and bruising of the skin. iTinatotome (dur'mS-to-tom) [G. derma {der- mal-), skin, 4- tome, cut, section.] I. One of the fetal skin segments. 2. A delicate knife for incising the skin or excising small lesions. nnatoxerasia (dur"ma-to-ze-ra'sI-ah) [G. derma (dermat-), skin, -t- xerasia, a dryness.] Xero- derma. sTmatozoiasis (dur"mS.-to-zo-i'a.-sis) [G. derma, skin, -\- zoon, animal, -|- -iasis.] Dermatozoon- osus, a disease of the skin caused by a metazoan parasite. imatozoon (dur-mi-to-zo'on) [G. derma(dermai-), skin, + zoon, animal.] An animal parasite of the skin. imatozoonosus (dur-ma.-to-zo-on'o-sus) [G. derma (dermat-), skin, -t- zoon, animal, -I- nosos, disease.] A disease of the skin caused by an animal parasite. srmatozooplasty (dur'm&-to-zo'o-plas-ti) [G. derma, skin, -I- zoon, animal, + plasso, I form.] Skin-grafting with material taken from the skin of an animal. innatroph'ia, dermat'rophy [G. derma{dermat-), skin, -H atrophia^ Atrophy or thinning of the skin. irmenchysis (dur-men'ki-sis) [G derma, skin, -|- enchysis, a pouring in.] The subcutaneous ad- ministration of remedies. ■rmepen'thesis [G. derma, skin, -f epenthesis, insertion.] Dermatoplasty, skin-grafting. ir'mic. Dermal, dermatic, cutaneous; relating to the skin in general or to the cutis vera. ir'mis. Derma. jrmitis (dur-mi'(me')tis). Dermatitis. sr'moblast [G. derma, skin, -H blastos, germ.] A portion of the mesoblastic layer from which the corium is developed. snnocy'ma [G. derma, skin, -1- kyma, fetus.] Fetus in fetu. der'mogen. Trade name of a preparation of zinc oxide, employed as a dusting powder. dermograph'ia, dermog'raphism, dermog'raphy [G. derma, skin, -I- grapho, I write.] An exaggerated form of urticaria factitia in which writing or any figures, traced by a blunt-pointed instrument on the skin, will be reproduced as elevations or wheals. dermohe'mia, dermohse'mia. Dermathemia. dermoid (dur'moyd) [G. derma, skin, -I- eidos, re- semblance.] I. Dermatoid, resembling skin. 2. Noting a congenital cystic tumor, filled with fluid or sebaceous matter, the walls of which are of dermal structure, sometimes giving origin to teeth, hair, and other dermal appendages, d. cyst, dermoid (2). implanta'tion d., sequestra'- tion d., see under cyst. dennoidec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Operative removal of a dermoid cyst. der'mol. Trade name for bismuth chrysophanate, a yellowish brown powder, a mixture of bismuth oxide and chrysarobin; employed as a dusting powder and in the treatment of various skin diseases. . dennol'ogy. Dermatology. dennomyco'sis. Dermatomycosis. dermoneuro'sis. Dermatoneurosis. dermonosol'ogy. Dermatonosology. dermopath'ic. Relating to a skin disease dermop'athy [G. derma, skin, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any skin disease, dermatosis. dennophlebitis (dur"mo-fle-bi'(be')tis) [G. derma, skin, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -His.] Inflam- mation of the superficial veins with the surround- ing skin. der'moplasty. Dermatoplasty, skin-grafting. dermoskel'eton [G. derma, skin, + skeleton.] Exo- skeleton. dermosynovitis (dur-mo-si-no-vi'(ve')tis). Perfor- ating ulcer of the foot. dennosyphilop'athy. A syphilide, any syphilitic affection of the skin. der"motuber'culin reac'tion. Cutireaction* of v. Pirquet. derodidymus (der"o-did'I-mus) [G. dere, neck, -H didymos, twin.] A twin monster as to the head and neck, but with a single body. ii rengadera (der-ren- gah-dar'ah) [Sp. der- rengado, crooked.] Murrina, especially that form in which posterior paralysis is marked. desam'idize [des-, prefix denoting asunder, + amide -I- -ize, sufiix denoting action.] Deamidize, to decom- pose amino-acids. desanima'nia [L. des- (dis-), apart, -\-\^ni- _ mus, mind, -f G. ^/\ mania, frenzy.] Amentia, dementia, Desault's appara'tus or ban'dagS, (d6-so') [Pierre Joseph Desault, French surgeon, 1744-1795.] A bandage for fracture of the clavicle ; the elbow is bound to the side, a pad being previously placed in the axilla. D.'s lig'ature, Ugatiire of the femoral artery in its passage through the\dductor muscle, for the cure of popliteal aneurysm. D.'s sign, altered arc described by the trochanter, when the femur is rotated, in fracture of the neck ; instead of describing an arc rotating around Desault's Bandagb. DESAULT'S BANDAGE 272 DETERMINATION the head as a center, it simply turns around the axis of the shaft of the bone. Descartes' law (da-kart') [Ren^ Descartes, French savant and philosopher, 1 596-1650.] For two given media, the sine of the angle of incidence bears a constant relation with the sine of the angle of refraction. Descemet's mem'brane (des-ma') [Jean Descemet, French physician, 1732-1810.] Lamina elastica posterior. descemetitis (des-e-me-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of Descemet's membrane on the posterior sur- face of the cornea; keratitis punctata, serous cyclitis. descemetocele (des-e-met'o-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] Hernia or protrusion of Descemet's membrane. descen'dens no'ni. The descending ramus of the nervus hypoglossus, formerly called the nonus or ninth cranial nerve. descen'ding [L. descendere, to come down.] Run- ning downward or toward the periphery. descensus (de-sen'sus) [L.] Descent, falling, ptosis, procidentia, d. tes'tis [BNA], descent of the testicle from the abdomen into the scrotum shortly before the end of intrauterine life. d. u'teri, falling of the womb. Deschainps' nee'dle (da-shahn') [Joseph Pranfois Louis Desckamps, French surgeon, 1740— 1825]. A needle with a long shaft for passing sutures in the deep tissues. Des Chutes Hot Springs, Oregon. Alkaline-saline- carbonated waters, 143° P. and 145° P. Ntunerous springs. De Seigneux's dila'tor (de-sa-nye'). A modification of Bossi's* cervical dilator. Desh'ler's salve. Ceratum resinas compositum. desiccant (des'i-kant) [L. desiccare, to dry up.] i. Drying, z. An agent which absorbs or expels moisture, especially from the surface of the skin or mucous membrane, des'iccate. To dry. des'iccative. Desiccant. desiccator. A desiccant (2). Desmarre's dacryoliths (da-marz' dak'ri-o-liths) . [Louis Auguste Desmarre, French oculist, 1810- 1882.] White pseudoconcretions, composed of masses of Nocardia foersten, found in the lacry- mal canal. desmitis (dez-mi'(me')tis) [G. desmos, a band.] Inflammation of a ligament. Desmobacte'ria. A term employed in certain classifications of microscopic fungi to denote the bacilli. desmocyte (dez'mo-sit) [G. desmos, a bond, + kytos, a cell.] Any supporting tissue-cell. desmocytoma (dez-mo-si-to'mah) [desmocyte + -oma.\ Sarcoma, a tumor formed of desmocytes. desmodynla (dez-mo-din'I-ah) [G. desmos, band, -t- odyne, pain.] Pain in a ligament. desmogencus (dez-moj'en-us) [G. desmos, a band, + gennao, I produce.] Of connective-tissue or ligamentous origin or causation, noting, e.g., a deformity due to contraction of ligaments, fascia, or a cicatrix. desmog'raphy [G. desmos, band, + graphd, I describe.] A description of, or treatise on, the ligaments. des'moid [G. desmos, a band(tendon), + eidos, appearance, form.] Resembling in appearance a tendon or ligament; ligamentous, tendinous; of firm fibrous texture, noting a fibroid or scirrhous tumor, d. reac'tion, a method of testing the digestive power of the stomach by noting the time required for the solution of catgut ; methyl- ene blue may be enclosed in rubber tissue tied with catgut and swallowed; when the catgut is digested it sets free the dye which soon appears in the urine; or beads are threaded with small pieces of catgut and swallowed; they are then withdrawn at intervals by an attached thread and the condition of the catgut is noted, d. tu'mor, connective-tissue tumor, desmoma. desmol'ogy [G. desmos, band, + -logia.] The branch of anatomy dealing with the ligaments. desmo'ma [G. desmos, a band, + -dma.\ A con- nective-tissue tumor. des'mon [G. desmos, a yoke.] Miiller's term for amboceptor. desmoneoplasm (dez-mo-ne'o-plazm) [G. desmos, band, + neos, new, + plasma, a thing formed.] Desmoma. desmopathy (dez-mop'S-thi) [G. desmos, band, -f- pathos, suffering.] A disease of ligaments. desmopex'ia [G. desmos, band, + pexis, fixation.] Attachment of the round ligaments of the uterus to the abdominal wall for the correction of uterine displacement. desmoplastic (dez-mo-plas'tik) [G. desmos, a band or bond, + plastikos, relating to moulding.] Causing or forming adhesions. desmopycnosis (dez-mo-pik-no'sis) [G. desmos, a band, + pyknosis, a. packing close.] Dudley's* operation. desmot'omy [G. desmos, band, + tome, incision.] The division of a ligament. Desnos's disease' (da-no') [Louis Joseph Desnos, Parisian physician, 1828-1893.] Splenopneu- monia. D'Espine's sign (des-pen) . i. Bronchophony over the spinous processes heard, at a lower level than in health, in pulmonary tuberculosis. 2. An echoed whisper following a. spoken word, heard in the stethoscope placed over the seventh cervical or first or second dorsal spine, in cases of tuberculosis of the mediastinal glands. despumation (des-pu-ma'shun) [L. despumare, to skim.] I. The rising of impurities to the surface of a liquid. .1. The skimming off of impiu-ities on the surface of a liquid. desquamate (des'kw3,-mat) [L. desquamare.} To shred, peel, or scale off, noting the casting off of the epidermis in scales or shreds, or the shedding of the outer layer of any surface. desquama'tlon [L. de, from, -I- squama, scale.] The shedding of the cuticle in scales or shreds. desquam'ative. Relating to or marked by desqua- mation from the skin or other surface, d. nephri'tis, inflammation of the kidney with loss of the epithelitmi of the renal tubules. dessertspoon (de-zurt'spoon). A spoon, larger than a teaspoon but smaller than a tablespoon, hold- ing approximately two fluidrams. Dessy's vac'cine. A polyvalent typhoid vaccine made from cultures of a large number of strains of the Bacillus typhosus. desternaliza'tion. Separation of the sternum from the costal cartilages. detergent (de-tur'jent) [L. detergere, to wipe off.] I. Cleansing. 2. A cleansing or purging agent. deter'minant. i. A corporate particle, upon the presence of which in the germ cell and its multi- plication in the somatic cells developed therefrom depend the inherited characteristics of the future individual. 2. One of the lesser units com- posed of an aggregation of biophores which go to make up an id. determination (de-tur-mj-na'shun) [L. determinare, to limit, determine.] i. A change, for the ITERMINATIOK 273 DEVITALIZE letter or for the worse, in the course of a dis- ase. 2. A general move toward a given point. I. of blood, congestion, hyperemia. erminer (de-tur'min-ur) . Determinant (i). sr'sive. Detergent. iyroidism (de-thi'roy-dizm). A condition de- lendent upon removal of the thyroid gland. jr'tion. I. Distortion. 2. Correction of club- oot or other distortion. ozicate [de-toks'i-kat) [L. de, from, + ioxicum, loison.] To diminish or remove the poisonous [uality of any substance; to lessen the virulence if any pathogenic organism. Qxica'tion. i. Recovery from the toxic effects if a drug. 2. Removal of the toxic properties rom a poison. oxify (de-toks'K-fi) [L. de, from, + toxicum, )oison, + facere, to make.] Detoxicate. le's cutireac'tion (deh'treh) [Ladlslaus Deire, lungarian physician, contemporary.] See differ- mtial cutireaction.* cition (de-trish'un) [L. detritus; deierere, to rub iff.] A wearing away by use or friction. ritus (de-tri'tus) [L. detritus, rubbed off.] Any jroken-down material, carious or gangrenous natter, gravel, etc. runca'tion. Decapitation; removal and delivery of he trunk of the fetus, the head being impacted. ru'sor uri'nae [L. detrudere, to'push down.] See inder musculus. umescence (de-tu-mes'ens) [L. de, from, + umescere, to swell up.] Subsidence of a swelling. itencephalon (dut-en-sef'i-lon) [G. deuteros, sec- )nd, + enkephalos, brain.] Tween-brain, dien- ;ephalon.* iteranopia (du-ter-an-o'pl-ah) [G. deuteros, sec- >nd, + anofia.] Green-blindness, green being ;he second of the primary colors; see protanopia md tritanopia. i"teroal'buinose. A soluble albumose, precipi- ;able by ammonium sulphate, iiterocone (du'ter-o-kon) [G. deuteros, second, + konos, cone. ] The mesiolingual cusp of the up- per premolar tooth in a mammal. uteroconid (du"ter-o-kon'id) . The mesio- ingual cusp of the lower premolar tooth in a Tiammal. iterofi'brinose. A product of the digestion of ibrin. iteroglob'ulose. A product of the digestion of aaraglobulin. iteromy'osinose. A product of the digestion of nyosin. Lteropathic (du"ter-o-path'ik). Relating to a lecondary affection, or deuteropathy. iterop'athy [G. deuteros, second, + pathos, suffer- ng.] A secondary disease or symptom, one esulting from the primary disease. iteroplasm (du'ter-o-plazm) [G. deuteros, second, 4- plasma, thing formed.] Deutoplasm. iteroproteose (du"ter-o-pro'te-6z) [G. deuteros, lecond, -I- proteose.'] Secondary proteose, re- lembling peptone more nearly than native protein. iterotocia (du-ter-o-to'si-ah) [G. deuteros, sec- md, -I- tokos, birth. ] Deuterotoky. titerotoky (du-ter-ot'o-ki). Deuterotocia, a orm of parthenogenesis in which the female has jfEspring of both sexes. iterotox'in. A hypothetical form of toxin in :ertain bacterial cultures, which has less marked ifiinity for antitoxin than has prototoxin. itiodide (du-ti'o-did). Biniodide. itip'ara [G. deuteros, second, -I- L. parere, to jear.] Secundipara. 18 deutobrochal (du-to-bro'kal) [G. deuteros, second, -I- brochos, mesh.] Noting the second stage in the development of the ovum, in which the nucleus enlarges and becomes oval in shape, and the chromatin becomes coarsely reticular. deutobro'mide. Of two compounds of bromine with a base, the one which contains the greater number of bromine atoms. deutochlo'ride. Bichloride. deutoiodide (du-to-i'o-did). Biniodide. deutomerite (du-tom'er-it) [G. deuteros, second + meris, part.] The posterior nucleated portion of an attached cephalont, separated by an ecto- plasmic septum from the anterior portion, or primite. deu'toplasm. Deuteroplasm, the nutritive portion of .the yolk made up of numerous refractile fatty and albuminoid bodies containing phosphorus and various salts. deutoplas'mic. Relating to the deutoplasm. deutopsyche (du-to-si'ke) [G. deuteros, second, + ■ psyche, soul.] Diencephalon. deutoscolex (du-to-sko'leks) [G. deuteros, second, + skolex, worm.] A daughter-cyst of an echino- coccus. deutospermatoblast (du-to-spur'ma-to-blast) [G. deuteros, second, -t- sperma, seed, + blastos, germ. ] A cell forming the spermatozoan, resulting from the division of the primary spermatoblast. Deutsch's maneu'ver (doych) [Eugen Deutsch, Ger- man obstetrician, *i866.] When, in internal version, the fetus becomes wedged at the internal strait, it is pushed up and rotated on the long axis of the body, thus facilitating the completion of version. devel'opment [Fr. dSveloppement.] 1. Growth, ex- pansion. 2. Evolution. developmen'tal. Relating to or dependent upon development, d. grooves, the longitudinal lines on the outer surface of a tooth, d. lines, d. grooves. Deven'ter's diam'eters [Hendrik Deventer, Dutch obstetrician, 1651-1724.] The oblique diameters of the pelvic brim. D.'s pel'vis, a pelvis with shortened anteroposterior diameter. Devergie's disease' (de-ver-zhe') [Marie Guillaume MphoiiseDevergie, French physician, 1798-1879.] Pityriasis rubra pila is. deviation (de-vi-a'shuu) [L. de from, + via, way.] 1. Deflection, a, turning away or aside from the normal point or course. 2. A form of degeneracy in which, combined with mental and physical soundness, there is an almost indefinable depar- ture in some direction from the normal average of the mental processes, con'jugate d., the turning of two parts equally and simultaneously in the same direction, d. of com'plexnent, see comple- ment, d. to the left, in a white-cell formula, in- dicating the presence of immature forms, d. to the right, in a white-cell formula, indicating the absence of immature forms. primary' d., the direction of the squinting eye away from the object when the latter is fixed by the sound eye. sec'ondary d., the turning of the normal eye away from the object when the latter is fixed by the squinting eye. device (de-vis') [L. divisus; dividere, to devide.] A contrivance or instrument designed for a specific purpose. deviom'eter. A form of strabismometer. devisceration (de-vis-ur-a'shun) [L. de-, away, -{- viscera.] Evisceration. devi'talize [L. de-, away, -f- vita, life.] To deprive of vitality or of vitalizing properties. DEVOLUTION 274 DIABETES devolu'tion [L. devolvere, to roll down.] Involution • catabolism ; degeneration. Dew's meth'od. Byrd*-Dew method. dew-cure. The practice of walking with bare feet in the dew-moistened grass as a therapeutic measure; one of the practices of Kneippism. Dewees' carmin'ative (de-wez') [William Potts Dewees, Philadelphia obstetrician, 1768-1841.] Mistura magnesise, asafcetidas et opii (N.F.); tincture of opium i, tincture of asafetida 7.5, magnesium carbonate 5, sugar 10, water to make 100; dose, 5^-4(2.0-16.0). D.'s sign, the preg- nant woman expectorates a tough whitish mu- cus, the sputum having the appearance of a sil- ver coin. D.'s tinc'ture of guai'ac, guaiac 4 ounces, sodium (or potassium) carbonate 90 grains, allspice i ounce, spirit of ammonia, I fiuidounce, alcohol 15 fluidounces; dose 5i-i (2.0-4.0). dew-point. The temperature at which the moisture in the atmosphere is precipitated in the form of dew. dexiocar'dia. Dextrocardia. dexiotrop'ic [G. dexios, right, + tropos, a turning.] Right-wound, running in a spiral from left to right ; opposed to levotropic. dex'ter, f. dexira, neut. dexirum [L.] Right (abbre- viation, D.). dextrad (deks'trad) [L. dexter, right, H- ad, to.] Toward the right side. dextral'ity. Right-handedness. dex'tran, dex'trane. A gum, CjHijOj, derived from molasses, unripe beet-root, and other substances. dex'trase [dextr{ose) + -ore.] A sugar-splitting enzyme which converts dextrose into lactic acid. dextraural (dek-straw'ral) [L. dexter, right, -I- auris, ear.] Right-eared; noting one who hears more distinctly with the right ear. dextrine (deks'tren) [L. dexter, right.] British gum; one of a group of dextrorotatory carbo- hydrates formed during the hydrolysis of starch; by further hydrolysis it is converted into dextrose, ani'mal d., glycogen. dex'trinase. A ferment which converts starch into isomaltose. dex'trinate. To convert into dextrin. dextri'num. Dextrin, d. al'bum (N.F.), white dextrin, a mixture of several soluble dextrins with some unconverted starch. dextrinu'ria. The passage of dextrin in the urine. dex"trocar'dia. Malposition of the heart which occupies the right side of the chest. dextrococaine (dek"stro-ko'kah-en). A dextro- rotatory form of cocaine, differing in several respects from ordinary cocaine, which is levo- rotatory: its hydrochloride is less soluble than the official salt. dex"trocom'pound. A dextrorotatory compound. dextroc'ular [L. dexter, right, -t- oculus, eye.] Right- eyed ; noting one who uses the right eye by pref- erence in monocular work, such as the use of the microscope. dextroduc'tion. Movement of the visual axis dex- trad, or toward the right. dex'trof orm. A compound of dextrin and formalde- hyde, used locally, in solution, in the treatment of suppurative inflammations of the mucous mem- brane. dex"troglu'cose Dextrose. dextrogyrate dextrogyrous (dek-stro-ji'rat, dek-stro- ji'rus) [L. dexter, right, -|- gyrare, to turn.] Dex- trorotatory. dextroman'ual [L. dexter, right, H- matms, hand.] Righthanded. dextrop'edal [L. dexter, right, + pes(ped-), foot.] Right-footed; noting one who uses the right leg in preference to the left, in hopping, for instance. dextrophobia (deks-tro-fo'bi-ah)[L. dexter, right, -)- G. phobos, fear. ] Fear of objects on the right side of the body. dextroro'tatoiy [L. dexter, right, -|- rotare, to turn.] Turning the plane of polarization to the right, noting certain crystals, and solutions of dextrin, dextrose, tartaric acid, and various other sub- stances. dextrorse'. Turning downward from left to right, noting a screw or spiral, certain climbing plants, etc. Some of the older botanists used the term in the opposite sense of an upward turn from left to right. dextros?ccharin (deks-tro-sak'ar-in). A compound of dextrose and saccharin, in the proportion of 2000 to I dextrose (dek'stroz) [L. dexter, right.] Dextro- glucose, starch-sugar; grape-sugar, CeHuO,; a dextrorotatory monosaccharid (hexose) found, usually with levulose, in many sweet fruits; it is the form of sugar chiefly excreted in diabetes mellitus. dex"trosinis'tral [L. dexter, right, + sinister, left.] In a direction from right to left. dextrosu'ria. Glycosuria, excretion of dextrose in the urine. dextrotor'sion [L. dexter, right, -\- torsio, a twisting.] A twisting to the right; the condition of a dex- trorse spiral. dextrotrop'ic, dextrot'ropous [L. dexter, right, + G. tropos, a turn.] Turning to the right. dextrover'sion [L. dexter, right, + vertere, to turn.] Version toward the right. dezy'motize. To disinfect, to remove or destroy ferments or pathogenic microorganisms. dhobie itch (do'be). Epidermophytosis. diabftte bronzfi (de-a-bef bron-za') [Fr.] Bronzed diabetes.* diabetes (di-ah-be'tez) [G.] A term used to desig- nate two diseases, d. insipidus and d. mellitus, having the symptom polyuria in common; when employed without qualification it signifies d. mellitus. alimen'tary d., alimentary glycosuria. bil'iary d., Hanot's* disease, bronzed d., marked hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver with extensive pigmentation of the viscera (hemochromatosis), associated with glycosxuia. cer'ebral d., cerebro- suria, the excretion of cerebrose in the urine. compos'ite d., a very severe form of d. mellitus in which a monosaccharid is formed even from pro- tein, so that a carbohydrate-free diet fails to cause the disappearance of sugar from the urine, con'jujal d., d. affecting husband and wife at the same time. d. decip'iens [L. decipere, to cheat], d. mellitus without polyuria and consequent thirst to warn of its presence, d. insip'idus, the habitual excretion of large amounts of pale urine of low specific gravity, not containing sugar, by a person who may be otherwise in apparent health ; in many cases the only non-urinary symptom is an excessive thirst caused directly by the excessive loss of fluid, d. melli'tus [L. sweetened with honey], a disease of metabolism in which sugar is excreted continuously in larger or smaller quantities in the urine and is also present in the blood; the amoiuit of urine is greatly increased, and the patient suffers from excessive thirst, sometimes bulimia, and progressive emaciation. lipog'enous d., d. and obesity combined, masked d., d. decipiens. pancreat'ic d., d. evidently dependent upon a pancreatic lesion, phlor'idziii ABETES 27s DIAL CIBA r phlor'izin d., marked glycosuria following the xperimental administration of phloridzin. phos- ihat'ic d., phosphaturia, polyuria associated with maciation, furunculosis, and other symptoms of liabetes mellitus, with an abnormal excretion of ihosphates, without sugar, in the urine, punc'- ure d., experimental d. produced in animals by >uncture of the floor of the fourth ventricle of the irain. bet'ic . I . Relating to or suffering from diabetes . I. A subject of diabetes, d. punc'ture, Bernard's juncture, an experimental puncture in the floor if the fourth ventricle which is followed by [lycosuria. betide (di-ah-be'ted) [Fr.] A skin eruption oc- iiuring as a manifestation of diabetes. be'tin. Trade name for pure crystallized levu- ose employed instead of cane-sugar in diabetes. betogen'ic [G. gennao, 1 produce.] i. Causing liabetes. 2. Caused by diabetes. betogenous (di-S-bS-toj'en-us). Diabetogenic, betograph (di-ah-be'to-graf) [G. grapho, I write.] Vn instrument for registering on a scale the pro- portionate amount of sugar contained in the urine n diabetes. betom'eter [G. metron, measure.] A form of polariscope devised for the determination of the presence and amount of sugar in diabetic urine. bro'sis [G. diabrosis, an eating through.] A ;orrosion ; perforation by an ulcer. brot'ic I. Corroding. 2. A corrosive. .cetanilide (di-as"e-tan^-lid). A substance ob- tained from acetanilide by the action of heat and glacial acetic acid; its action is similar to that of acetanUide. icetate (di-as'e-tat). A salt of diacetic acid. Lcete'mia. A form of acidosis due to the presence of diacetic acid in the blood. ice'tic acid. An acid, CH3.CO.CH2COOH, sometimes found in the urine m diabetes and other states associated with acidosis; called also acetoacetic acid. icetin (di-as'e-tin) . Acetidin glyceryl diacetate. tcetonu'ria. Diaceturia. iceturia (di-as-e-tu'rl-ah). The excretion of di- acetic acid in the urine. icetylmorphina (di-a-set'il-mor-fe'nah) (U.S.). Diacetylmorphine, heroine, an alkaloid, Ci7Hi7(O.C2H30)20N, prepared from morphine by acetylization; employed for the relief of sough in doses of gr. ^"[ttV (0.003-0.005). di- acetylmorphi'nse hydrochlor'idum (U.S.), di- acetylmorphine hydrochloride, heroine hydro- jhloride, a white crystalline odorless powder, soluble in alcohol and in two parts of water; smployed for the relief of cough and in the treat- ment of asthma, in doses of gr. jVtV (0.003- D.OOS). .chorema (di-S-ko-re'mah) [G. diachdrema, excre- nent.] Excrement, feces. .choresis (di-a-ko-re'sis) [G. diachoresis, excre- tion.] Defecation; the discharge of excrement Dr any excretion. :chylon (di-ak'i-lon) [G. diachylos, juicy.] Lead plaster, emplastrum* plumbi. d. oint'ment, tmguentum* diachylon, d. plas'ter, emplastrum* plumbi. yel'Iow d., galbanum plaster, composed 3f turpentine 2, galbanum 16, Burgundy pitch 6, lead plaster 76; this was official in the U.S.P., t88o. .cid (di-as'id) [G. dis, twice, + L. actdus, acid.] Noting a base having two replaceable hydroxyl jroups. icU'sia, diac'lasis [G. dia, through, + klasis, n. breaking.] i. Refraction. 2. A fracture pro- duced intentionally, usually for the correction of a deformity. di'acoele diacoe'lia [G. dia, through, + hoilia, a hollow.] The third ventricle of the brain. diacrinous (di-ak'ri-nus) [G. dia, through, + krino, I separate.] Excreting by simple passage, as it were, through the cell; distinguished from ptyocrinous. diacrit'ic. A diacritical mark or symptom. diacrit'ical [G. diakritikos, able to distinguish.] Distinguishing, allowing of distinction ; diagnostic. diad. Dyad. diaderphous [Q.'di-, two, + adelphos, brother.] In botany, noting stamens grouped in two sets united by their filaments. diaderm (di'ah-durm) [G. dia, through, + derma, skin.] The blastoderm with two layers — ecto- derm and entoderm, constituting the diblastula. diadochocinesia, diadochocinesis (di-ad-o-ko-sin-e'- se-ah; di-ad-o-ko-sin-e'sis) [G. diadochos, work- ing in turn, + kinesis, movement.] The normal power of alternately bringing a limb into opposite positions, as of flexion and extension or of pro- nation and supination. diadochocinetic (di-ad-o-ko-sin-et'ic). Relating to diadochocinesia. diadochokine'sia, diadochokinet'ic. Diadochocin- esia, diadochocinetic. diagnose (di-ag-noz') [G. diagignoskd, I distinguish.] To determine the nature of a disease; to make a diagnosis ; diagnosticate. diagno'sis [G. diagnosis, a deciding.] The deter- mination of the nature of a disease, clin'ical d,, (i) a d. made from a study of the symptoms only; (2) a recognition of the symptoms of a disease without reference to its pathology, d. by ezclu'sion, a d. made by excluding those affections to which some of the symptoms belong, leaving only one to which all the symptoms point. difieren'tial d., the determination as to which of two or more diseases with similar symptoms it is that the patient is suffering from, lab'oratory d., a d. made by a chemical, microscopical, or bac- teriological study of the various secretions and discharges, pathological d., (i) a diagnosis (sometimes a post-mortem d.)made from a study of the lesions present; (2) a diagnosis of the path- ological conditions present, determined by a study and comparison of the symptoms, phys'- ical d., a d. made by means of physical measures, such as auscidtation, percussion, palpation, and inspection. diagnos'tic. Relating to or aiding in diagnosis. diagnos'ticate [G. diagnostikos, able to discriminate.] To diagnose. diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish'an). One who is ex- perienced in making diagnoses. di'agram [G. diagramma.] A schematic picture, one that gives the salient features in a few lines, without being an exact representation of the object, flo'ral d., flower-plan, the diagrammatic plan of a flower, diagrammatic [G. diagramma, a diagram.] Re- lating to a diagram; of the nature of a dia- gram rather than an exact representation; schematic. di'agraph. An instrument by which one can mechanically trace the outlines of a part. di'al [L. dies, day.] A clock-face, astigmat'ic d., a diagram of radiating lines, usually in series of three or four, numbered like the dial of a watch, employed as a rough test for astigmatism. dial ciba (di'al si'bah). Trade name of a prepara- DIAL CIBA 276 DIAPOPHYSIS tion of diallylbarbituric acid, employed as a hypnotic in doses of if to 4 grains. diallyl (di-al'il). Noting a compound containing two allyl molecules. dialuram'ic acid. Uranilic acid. dialypet'alous [G. dialyo, I separate, + peialon, leaf, petal.] Polypetalous. dialysate (di-al'i-sat). Anything separated from a solution by dialysis. dialysep'alous [G. dialyo, I separate, + L. sepalum, sepal.] Polysepalous. dial'ysis [G. a separation.] i. The separation of crystalloid from colloid substances in a solution by interposing an animal membrane between the solution and pure water; the crystalloid sub- stances pass through the membrane into the water on the other side, the colloids do not. 2 A fracture or solution of continuity of the soft parts. 3. Weakness, loss of strength. di'alyze. To perform dialysis, to separate a sub- stance from a solution by means of dialysis. di'alyzer. A membrane for use in dialysis. diamalt (di'ah-mawlt). Trade name of a malt preparation containing about 64 per cent, sugar, dextrin 13 per cent., and protein 6.5 per cent. diam'eter [G. diametros; dia, through, + metron, measure.] i. A straight line connecting two opposite points on the surface of a more or less spherical or cylindrical body, or at the boundary of an opening or foramen, passing through the center of such body or opening. ^. The distance measured along such a line. diamide (di'a,-mid, di'5-inid). An amide derived from a double molecule of ammonia, the atoms of hydrogen being replaced by acid radicals. diamine (di'S-men, di'S-min). An amine derived from a double molecule of ammonia, the atom of hydrogen being replaced by hydrocarbon radicals. diaminu'ria. The presence of diamines in the urine. diam'ylene. Dipentene. diapason (di-ah-pa'zun) [G. diapason.'\ Tuning- fork, used in determining the presence and degree of deafness. diapede'sis [G. dia, through, pedao, I leap.] The transudation of blood or any of its formed ele- ments, especially the erythrocytes, through the unruptured walls of the blood-vessels. diaphane (di'ah-fan) [G. diaphanes, transparent.] The membrane or layer of hardened protoplasm forming the cell-wall. diaphasom'eter [G. diaphanes, transparent, -H metron, measure.] An instrument for testing fluids by their varying degrees of transparency. diaphanom'etry [G. diaphanes, transparent, + metron, measure.] The determination of the de- gree of translucency of a fluid, such as the urine. diaphan'oscope [G. diaphanes, transparent, -I- skoped, I examine.] An instrument for illumin- ating the interior of a cavity in order to deter- mine the translucency of its walls. diaphanos'copy. Examination of u cavity, such as the antrum of Highmore, by means of the diaphanoscope. diaphemetric (di"a-fe-met'rik) [G. dia, through, + haphe, touch, + metron, measiire.] Relating to the determination of the degree of tactile sensi- bility. diaphore'sis [G. diaphoresis; dia, through, + phoreo, I carry.] Perspiration, sweating. diaphoret'ic. i. Relating to, or causing, perspira- tion. J. An agent which increases the secretion of the sweat. diaphragm (di'ah-fram) [G. diaphragma, a partition wall.] I. MidrifE, phren, the musculomem- branous partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities; it is two-dome shaped with concavities toward the abdomen; the upper sur- face is in relation with the heart and lungs, the under surface with the liver, stomach, and spleen. 2. A thin disc pierced with a hole of definite size, used in a microscope, camera, or other optical instrument in order to shut out the marginal rays of light, thus giving a more direct illumination, d. phenom'enon, (i) Litten's phenomenon, a lowering of the line of retraction on the side of the chest (marking the insertion of the diaphragm) during inspiration, and elevation of the same during expiration; it is absent in cases of distention of the pleural sac; see paradoxical d. phenomenon; (2) retraction of the lower ribs synchronous with the cardiac systole in tetany, paradoz'ical d. phenom'- enon, in cases of pyopneumothorax or hydro- pneumothorax, the diaphragm of the affected side rises during inspiration and sinks during expiration, pel'vic d., a shallow funnel-like partition formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles and their fasciae; it is deficient anteriorly leaving a space closed by the diaphragma uro- genitale. diaphrag'ma [G.] Diaphragm, d. pel'vis [BNA], diaphragm of the pelvis, the levatores ani and the coccygei on either side of the inner surface of the pelvis, d. sel'lte [BNA], tentorium of the hypophysis, a fold of dura mater extending transversely across the sella and roofing over the hypophysis or pituitary body; it is per- forated in its center for the passage of the infun- dibulum. d. urogenita'le [BNA], triangular ligament, urogenital trigone; a musculomem- branous structure filling the space under the pubic arch not closed by the pelvic diaphragm. diaphragmal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain in the diaphragm, diaphragmodynia. diaphragmat'ic. Relating to the diaphragm. diaphragmatitis (di-a-frag-ma-ti'(te')tis). Inflam- mation of the diaphragm. diaphragmatocele (di"ah-frag-mat'o-sSl) [G. kele, hernia.] Hernia through an opening in the dia- phragm. diaphragmitis (di-a-frag-mi'(me')tis). Diaphrag- matitis. di"aphragmodyn'ia [G. odyne, pain.] Diaphrag- malgia, pain in the diaphragm. diaph'therin. Oxyquinaseptol. diaph'thol. Quinaseptol. diaph'ysis [G. a growing through.] i. The shaft of a long bone , as distinguished from the epiphyses, or extremities, and apophyses, or outgrowths. diaphysitis (di-a-fl-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of the shaft of a long bone. diaplasis [G. a putting in shape.] Setting of a frac- ture or reduction of a dislocation; dlorthosls. di'aplex. Diaplexus. diaplez'al. Relating to the diaplexus. diaplex'us [G. dia, through, + L. plexus.] The choroid plexus of the third ventricle. dlapne'a, diapnoe'a. Diapnoe. diapne'ic, diapnoe'ic. Diapnoic. diapnoe (di-ap'no-e) [G. diapnoe, a wind-passage.] Perspiration, especially insensible perspiration. diapno'ic. i . Relating to, or causing perspiration, especially insensible perspiration, a. A mild sudorific. diapnot'ic. Diapnoic. diapoph'ysis [G. dia, through, -f apophysis, an /VPOPHYSIS 277 DIATHESIN Efslioot.] The transverse process of a vertebra; le upper transverse process of the neural arch E a vertebra. lye'sis [G.] Suppuration. lyet'ic. I. Relating to, or causing suppuration. . Anything provoking suppuration. e'mia. Diarrhemia. rhea, diarrhoea (di-ah-re'ah) [G. dia, through, + ioio, a flow, a fiux.] An abnormally frequent ischarge of more or less fluid fecal matter from le bowel, cholera'ic d., summer d. Co'chin hi'na d., psUosis. crap'ulous d., d. due to ex- ssses at table, d. al'ba, white flux; (i) celiac* isease; (2) hill d.; (3) sprue (2). d. chylo'sa, sliac* disease, d. urino'sa, polyuria, dysenter'- ; d., a form in which the stools contain much lucus and may be streaked with blood, hill d., a lorning d., attended with tympanites, affecting luropeans resident in India when visiting the lountains. lienter'ic d., lientery, d. in which un- igested food appears in the stools, mechan'lcal ., d. due to obstruction to the portal circulation. lom'ing d., a form in which there are several lose stools in the early morning and during the 5renoon, the bowels being quiet diu'ing the re- lainder of the day and night, mu'cous d., d. dth the presence of considerable mucus in the tools; mucomembranous enteritis, sand d., d. ccurring in cities on the Great Lakes following finter storms which soil the water supply, se'- ous d., d. characterized by watery stools, sum'- ler d., d. of infants in hot weather, usually an cute gastroenteritis due to the presence of a mi- roorganism resembling the dysentery bacillus. rop'ical d., sprue (2). vica'rious d., d. caused by n attempt on the part of the economy to relieve iself of water or excrementitious matters nor- lally excreted by other channels, wat'ery d., erous d. white d., d. alba. Themia, diarrhasmia (di-S-re'ir^-ah) [G. dia, hrough, + haima, blood (?).] Hydremia, with ropsy, in the sheep. rsenol (di-ar'sen-ol). Name given to the Canadian manufactured salvarsan. rthric (di-ar'thrik) [G. di-, two, + arthron. Dint. ] Biartictdar, relating to two joints. •throsis (di-ar-thro'sis) [G. articulation.] Mov- ble joint, one in which the opposing bones are not Dined by a solid medium, but merely held in pposition, and can move more or less freely upon ach other. rticular (di-ai-tik'u-lar) [G. di-, two, + L. ar- ' cuius, joint.] Biarticular, diarthric. ichisis (di-as'ld-sis) [G. a splitting.] A sudden ihibition of function produced by an acute focal isturbance in a portion of the brain at a distance rom the original seat of injury, but anatomically onneoted with it through fiber tracts. ipirin (di-as'pi-rin). Trade name of the suc- inic acid ester of salicylic acid, a white powder of slightly acidulous taste, containing 77.1 per ent. of salicylic acid; employed in rheumatism, leurisy, pericarditis, and influenza in doses of r. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). ital'tic [G. dia, through, + stello, I send.] Reflex. 3tase (di'as-tas), A ferment occurring in lants, which has the property of converting tarch into sugar; a preparation containing -. is employed in cases of indigestion of starchy Dods; see diastasum. tasimetry (di"as-ta-sim'e-tri) [diastase + _G. leiron, measure.] Determination of the activity f a diastatic enzyme, itasis fdi-as'ta-sis) [G. a separation.] i. Sepa- ration of an epiphysis from the shaft of a long bone, occurring in the young without fracture of the bone. 2. Any simple separation of normally joined parts, as the longitudinal splitting of the rectus abdominis muscle sometimes seen in preg- nancy. diastasum (di-as-ta'sum) [G. diastasis, a difference, separation.] (U.S.) Diastase, a mixture of amylolytic enzymes prepared from an infusion of malt; used in cases of starch indigestion in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). diastat'ic. i. Relating to diastase. 2. Relating to a diastasis. diaste'ma, pi. diaste'mata [diastema, an interval.] X, A fissure or abnormal opening in any part, especially if congenital, a. An interval between two teeth, not occurring normally in man, but seen in dogs and many other of the lower ani- mals. 3. The angle formed by the lingual sur- face of the upper canine or cuspid tooth and the proximal or anterior surface of the premolar, into which the lower canine fits when the jaws are closed. diaste"matocra'nia [G. diastemaidiastemat-), an interval, -f kranion, skull.] Congenital sagittal fissure of the skull. diaste"matomye'lia [G. diastema(diasiemat-), inter- val, + myelon, marrow.] Spina bifida, especially one involving a large part of the spine. diaste"inatopye'lia [G. diastemaidiastemat-), inter- val, + pyelos,a. pan(pelvis).] Congenital separa- tion between the pubic bones. dias'ter [G. di-, two, -t- aster, star.] The double- star figure in mitosis, formed just before the division of the nucleus. diastole (di-as'to-le) [G. diastole, dilatation.] The dilatation of the heart cavities, during which they fill with blood; the diastole of the atria precedes that of the ventricles; diastole alternates rhythmically with systole or contraction of the heart musculature, reflex' d., reflex vasodilata- tion; when the skin is stroked with a pressure of about two ounces by a hard smooth object, such as the end of a pen-holder, there is first a red- dened line followed in a few seconds by a white line lasting a minute or two, diastoric. Relating to the diastole. diataxia (di-a,-taks'i-ah) [G. di-, two, -I- ataxia.] Ataxia affecting both sides of the body, as dis- tinguished from hemiataxia.* cer'ebral d., the ataxic type of cerebral birth palsy, the lesion being supposed to be a meningeal hemorrhage with thrombosis of the central veins on both sides anterior to the fissiure of Rolando; the sensory counterpart of spastic diplegia, or Little's disease. diate'la [G. dia, through, between, -f L. tela, web.] Velum interpositum, tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii. diather'mal [G. dia, through, + thermos, heat.] Diathermanous. diather'manous [G. dia, through, + thermaino, I heat.] Permeable by heat rays diather'mia, diather'my [G. dia, through, + thermS, heat.] Local elevation of temperature in the tissues, produced by a special form of high-fre- quency current ;transthermia, thermopenetration. diather'mic. Relating to diathermy, d. ther'apy, treatment of lupus, cancer, and other local lesions by means of diathermy. diath'esin. Salicylic alcohol, CfHjOj, a phenol alcohol obtained from salicin; sometimes em- ployed in rheumatism in doses of gr. 7^—15 (o.s-i.o). DIATHESIS 278 DICLINOUS diath'esis [G. arrangement, condition.] A consti- tutional state predisposing to any disease or group of diseases, contrac'tural d., a tendency to con- tractures in hysteria, cys'tic d., a condition in which multiple cysts form in the liver, kidneys, and other organs, dar'trous d., a predisposition to herpes, eczema, and certain other cutaneous disorders, ex'udative d., a predisposition to interstitial and subcutaneous serous or fibrinous infiltrations; the subjects suffer from swollen lymph nodes, thickening of the tongue, pruritus, seborrhea, gastric and cardiac crises; the condition is aggravated by pilocarpine, but favorably affected by atropine and ad- renalin, gout'y d., goutiness, hemorrhag'ic d., hemophilia, neuropathic d., an inherited or congenital condition marked by an unstable, inadequate, or overirritable nervous system. rheu'mic d., dartrous d. spasmodic d., a consti- tutional tendency to convulsions especially in childhood, stru'mous d., scrofulous disposition, a predisposition to glandular swellings, uric- acid d., a supposed tendency to the formation of uric acid in excess, with resulting rheumatic and gouty symptoms. diathet'ic. Relating to a diathesis. diatomic. Noting a chemical compound or radical having two atoms ; specifically a hydrate in which two hydrogen atoms are united to the radical by oxygen. diatuss'in. Trade name of a remedy prepared from thymus and pinguicula, recommended for bronchitis, asthma, and whooping cough in doses of I to 5 drops in a little water. diax'on, diaz'one [G. di-, two, + axon, axis.] Hav- ing two neuraxons, noting a nerve-cell* of the third type, or Cajal's cell. diazo- (di-az'o) [G. di-, two, -{- Fr. azote, nitrogen.] A prefix denoting a compound containing two linked nitrogen atoms, united to an aromatic group and to an acid radical, diazo-reac'tion, Ehrlich's reaction; a reaction obtained by treating the urine in the manner to be described; it has an uncertain diagnostic value in typhoid 'fever and an unfavorable prognostic value in tuberculosis. To t inch of urine in the test- tube are added a, like amount of a saturated solution of pure sulphanilic acid in 5 per cent. hydrochloric acid, and 2 drops of i per cent, sol- ution of sodium nitrate; this is shaken until an abundant froth forms and then a little spirit of ammonia is poured down the side of the tube. A positive reaction is indicated by a pink coloration of the froth and sometimes, but less certainly, by a claret color of the subjacent urine. diazoma (di-JL-zo'mah) [G.] Diaphragm. diazyme (di'S-zim). Trade name of a preparation said to contain the amylolytic enzyme of the pan- creatic juice without the other ferments; em- ployed in starchy indigestion in doses of 3i~2 (4.0-8.0) of the essence or glycerole. diba'sic [G. di-, two, -I- basis, base.] Bibasic; having two replaceable hydrogen atoms, noting an acid with a basicity of 2. diblas'tula. An embryonal sac having two cell- layers, ectoderm and entoderm. Dibothrioceph'alUB [G. di-, two, -I- bothrion, dim. of bothros, a pit, + kephale, head.] A genus of Cestoidea or tapeworms; see Boihriocephalus. dibro'mide. A bromide containing twice as many bromine atoms as the monobromide. dibTomogalllc acid. Gallobromol. dlcal'cic. Noting a chemical compound having two calcium atoms in each molecule. dicar'bonate. Bicarbonate. dicelous, diccelous (di-se'lus) [G. di-, two, + koilos, hollow.] Having two cavities or two surface excavations. diceph'alous. Having two heads. diceph'alus [G. di-, two, -I- kephale, head.] A monster with two heads. dichasium [di-ka'sl-um) [G. dichasis, division.] A cyme in which the lateral shoots are arranged in opposite pairs. dichlamydeous (di-klam-id'e-us) [G. di-, two, + chlaynys{chlaniyd-), cloak.] Noting a flower having both calyx and corolla, or a double perianth. dichloralantipyxine (di-kIo"ral-an tl-pi'ren). An analgesic and hypnotic compound of chloral and antipyrine given in doses of gr. 10-13 (0.6-1.0)." dichloramlne-T (di-klor-am'en-te). Toluene-h-sul- phonedichloramine, a yellowish white crystalline substance, of a sweetish rather pungent chlorous odor, nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in oil; employed as an antiseptic, usually in solution in some preparation of paraffin oil. dichlorethyl sulphide (di-klor-eth'il-sul'fid). One of the forms of mustard gas, a gas first used by the Germans in the world war; contact with the skin causes vesication and sloughing, and inhalation often results in broncho- pneumonia. dichlorhy'drin. A colorless, odorless fluid prepared by heating anhydrous glycerin with 2^ parts of sulphior monochloride; a solvent of resins. dichlo'ride. Bichloride. dichlormeth'ane. Methylene bichloride. dichlormethylether (di-klor-meth-il-e'thur) . One of the forms ot mustard gas* used in warfare. dichogamy (di-kog'am-I) [G. dicha, asunder, + gamos, marriage.] In botany, maturity of an- thers and stigma, or andrecium and gynecium, of an hermaphrodite flower at different times, thus preventing self-fertilization. dichotomy (di-kot'o-me) [G. dichoiomia, a cutting in two.] I. Division into two parts, a. The pay- ment of a commission to, or division of the fee with, the genera practitioner by the consultant or surgeon. dichrolc [G. di-, two, + chrda, color.] Relating to dichroism. dichroism (di'kro-izm). The property of seeming to be differently colored when seen under dif- ferent aspects. dichromic (di-kro'mik). Dichromate (1). dichro'mate (di-kro'mat). i. A color-blind person who can distinguish two colors, usually two complementary colors, -x. Bichromate. dichromatic [G. di-, two, + chrotna, color.] i. Having two colors. 2. Noting a partially color- blind person who can distinguish but two colors. dichromophil, dichromophile (di-kro'mo-fil, di- kro'mo-fil) [G. di-, two, -\- chroma, color, -I- philos, fond.] Taking a double stain, noting a tissue or cell taking both acid and basic dyes in different parts. dicinchonine (di-sin'ko-nin). A cinchona alka- loid found chiefly in red bark. dicliditis (dik-«-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of a valve, especially a cardiac valve; valvulitis. diclidot'omy [G. diklis(diklid-), valve, ^- iome, in- cision.] Operation of cutting a valve, especially incision of the rectal folds ; valvotomy. di'cUnous [G. di-, two, -)- kline, a bed.] In botany unisexual, noting flowers having only stamens or pistils; opposed to hermaphrodite. [CORIA 279 DIFFERENTIAL loria (di-ko'ri-ah) [G. di-, two, + kore, pupil.] Diplocoria. iroce'lium, Dicrocoe'lium [G. dikroos, forked, + koilia, bowels.] A genus of Trematoda or flukes. D. lancea'tum, Fasciola lanceolata, Distomum lanceolatum, lancet fluke, inhabiting the gall bladder of many mammals, but rarely found in man. D. lanceola'tum, D. lanceatum. rot'ic [G. di-, two, + krotos, a beating.] Relating bo dicrotism, noting a pulse with two beats for sach cardiac systole, d. notch, the notch in a pulse-tracing which precedes the second or dicrotic wave. d. pulse, one with two well- marked beats for each ventricular contraction. 1. wave, the second rise in the tracing of a dicrotic pulse. I'rotism. The condition of a, piilse having two beats to each cardiac systole. ;tion (dik'shun) [L. dicere, to speak.] The choos- ing of words and their grammatical arrangement in sentences to express thought. lac'tic [G. didasko, I teach ] Instructive ; noting specifically medical instruction given by set lectures or text-books, as distinguished from clinical instruction with the patient present. lactylism (di-dak'til-izm) [G. di-, two, -f- daktylos, finger or toe.] The condition of having but two fingers on a hand or two toes on a foot. iel'phic [G. di-, two, -t- delphys, womb.] Having Dr relating to a double uterus. lermoma (di-dur-mo'mah) [G. di-, two, -t- ierma, skin, + -oma.] A teratoid growth em- bracing two germ layers; bidermoma. iymalgia (did-l-mal'jl-ah) [G. didymos, twin(a testis), -1- algos. pain.] Orchidalgia, pain in a besticle. I'ymin. Trade name of an extract of the testicle Df the bull; said to be aphrodisiac and tonic in loses of gr. 3—5 (o . 2—0 .3). lymitis (did-I-mi'(me')tis) [G. didymos, twin [testis), -1- -itis^ Orchitis, inflammation of a besticle. ymium (di-dim'I-um). A substance thought at bhe time of its discovery to be an element; it is iound usually in combination with lanthanum and ;eriuni ; is said to be strongly antiseptic. ymodynia (did"![-mo-din'!f-ah) [G. didymos, twin [testis), -I- odyne, pain.] Didymalgia, orchid- ilgia. lymus (did'i-mus) [G. didymos, a twin.] Testis. lynamous (di-din'a-m.us) [G. di-, two, + iynamis, power.] Noting a flower having four stamens arranged in two pairs, one of which s shorter than the other. . To cease to live. To become dead in whole 5r in part. . I . A stamp for impressing a design or a special ihape upon some softer material. 2. In den- ;istry, a cast of the mouth over which is made ;he blank of an artificial denture. choscope (di-ek'o-skOp) [G. di-, two, + echo, a. lound, -1- skoped, I examine.] A form of stetho- icope by means of which two sounds in two iifferent parts can be listened to at the same time. clous, dioecious (di-e'shus) [G. di-, two, + oikia, louse.] Noting animals or plants that are lexually distinct, the individuals being of one or ;he other sex. Bffenbach's amputation (def'en-bakh) [Johann Priedrich Dieffenbach, German surgeon, 1792- [847.] Circular amputation at the hip-joint ivith temporary elastic ligature. D.'s method, 1 plastic operation for covering a defect by sliding a flap with broad pedicle. dielectric (di-e-lek'trik) [G. dia, through.] Trans- mitting electric effects, although a non-con- ductor, d. con'stant, the inductive capacity of an insulating medium. dielectroly'sis [G. dia, through.] Cataphoresis. diencephalon (di-en-sef'a-lon) [G. dia, through, + enkephalos, brain.] [BNA]. The inter-brain, between-brain, or 'tween-brain, the posterior division of the prosencephalon from which are developed the posterior part of the third ventricle, the optic thalami, pineal body, pituitary body, interpenduncular structures, and the optic nerve and retina. . die-plate. A die used in swaging or in making artificial cap-crowns. dieresis (di-er'e-sis) [G. diairesis, a division.] Solution of continuity. dieietic (di-er-et'ik) . Relating to dieresis; divid- ing, ulcerating, corroding. diesoph'agus. Dloesophagus. diestrum (di-es'trum) [G. di-, two, -I- oistros, a mad desire.] An interval of abnormally short duration between two periods of heat in an animal. di'et [G. diaita.J i. Food and drink in general, z. A prescribed course of eating and drinking, in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regu- lated by the physician. 3. To take only simple and easily digestible food in moderate amount di'etary. i. Relating to the diet. 2. Diet (2). dietet'ic. Relating to diet. dietet'ics. The branch of therapeutics treating of food and drink in relation to health and disease. dieth'yl. i. One of the paraffin series of hydro- carbons, C,!!,,, or CjH J. CjHj, found in petroleum; normal butane. 2. A prefix denoting the presence of two ethyl radicals in the molecule. diethylamine (di-e-thil'S.-men). A ptomaine de- rived from certain decaying food substances ; it is not poisonous. dieth'ylbarbitu'ric ac'id. Diethylmalonyl urea, malo-urea, a ureide derived from diethylmalonic acid, veronal; a white crystalline powder of slightly bitter taste, soluble in 150 parts of water; hypnotic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). dieth"ylendi'amine. Piperazine. diethylketone (di-eth"il-ke'ton). Metacetone, pro- pion ; a clear liquid, used as a hypnotic in maniacal conditions in doses of iT^7^-22 (0,5—1.5). Dietl's cri'ses (de'tl) [Joseph Dietl, Austrian physician, 1804— 1878.] Sudden attacks of parox- ysmal lumbar and abdominal pain, with nausea and vomiting, occurring in caaes of wandering kidney. dietother'apy [G. diaita, diet, -t- therapeia, treat- ment.] The treatnaent of disease by regulation of the diet; trophotherapy, sitotherapy. Dieudonn£'s me'dium (de-e-d6-na') [Adolph Dieu- donni, Munich physician, *i864.] An alkaline blood-agar medium for the cultivation of micro- organisms; it consists of defibrinated ox blood 30, normal solution of potassium hydrate 30, cholera agar* 140. Dieulafoy's as'pirator (de-e-13,-fwS') [Georges Dieu- lafoy, Paris physician, 1839— 1911.] A large glass cylinder with piston and two openings with stopcocks, one for « tube with trocar and can- nula, the other for the discharge tube. D.'s the'ory, appendicitis is always the residt of the transformation of the appendicular canal into a closed cavity. D.'s tri'ad, hyperesthesia of the skin, reflex muscular contraction, and tenderness at McBumey's point in appendicitis. difieren'tial. Relating to or marked by a difference ; DIFFERENTIAL 280 DIGITALON distinguishing, d. blood-count, an enumeration of the number of corpuscles in a given amount (cubic millimeter) of blood, with determination of the approximate percentage of each variety of leucocyte. differentiated (dif-er-en'shl-a-ted). Having a differ- ent character or function from the surrounding structures or from the original type, said of tissues, cells, or portions of the cytoplasm, differentiation (dif-er-en-shl-a'shun). i. The acquir- ing or the possession of character or function different from that of the original type ; special- ization. 2. Differential diagnosis.* correla- tive d., d. due to the interaction of different parts of an organism, self-d., d. resulting from the action of intrinsic causes, diffluence (dif'lu-ens) [L. dis-, asunder, -|- fluere, to flow.] Deliquescence, becoming fluid. diffrac'tion [L. diffracius; diffringere, to break up.] The deflection of the rays of light in passing by the edge of an opaque body. diffusate (dl-fu'zat) [L. diffundere, to pour in dif- ferent directions.] Dialysate; the soluble crys- talloid substance separated by dialysis from the colloid matter in a mixture. diffuse (dJ-fiis') [L. diffundere, to pour in different directions.] Spread about, not circumscribed or limited, d. disease', one which involves all or several of the tracts in the spinal cord; opposed to system disease.* diffuse (dl-fuz'). To spread about, to scatter. diffused (di-fuzd'). Diffuse. diffus'ible. i. Capable of being diffused, a. In- vading or affecting all parts of the body rapidly, as a J. stimulant. diffusion (dJ-fu'zhun). i. A spreading about or scattering, z. Dialysis, d. meth'od, auxano- graphic* method, d. shell or thimble, a small vessel made of a, semi-permeable mem- brane through which peptone, but not serum albumin, can pass; used in performing the Abderhalden* test. diflu"ordiphen'yl, difluorphen'yl. A colorless, crys- talline powder of aromatic odor, an organic fluorine compound ; used as an antiseptic dusting powder, or in ointment, in dermatological practice. dig'alen. The proprietary name of a solution of Cloetta's soluble digitoxin, about ^ grain to the ounce; dose, TIJI15 (i.o). digas'tric [G. di-, two, + gaster, belly.] i. Having two bellies, noting especially a muscle with two fleshy parts separated by an intervening tendinous part. 2. Musculus digastricus. 3. Relating to the digastric muscle, noting a fossa or groove with which it is in relation, and a nerve supplying its posterior belly. digas'tricus. The digastric muscle, see under musculus. digen'esis [G. di-, two, -I- genesis, generation.] Reproduction in different ways in different gener- ations, as seen in the non-sexual, or vertebrate, and the sexual, or invertebrate, cycles of the malarial and other blood-parasites, digenet'ic. Relating to or marked by digenesis. digest (di-jestO [L. digerere, to divide, to dissolve.] I. To soften by moisture and heat. ^. To hydrolyze or break up into simpler chemical compounds by means of ferments, noting the action of the secretions of the alimentary tract upon the food. diges'tant. i. Aiding digestion. 2. An agent which favors or assists the process of digestion, digester (di-jes'tur). One who or that which digests; see Fapin's* digester. digestion (di-jes'chun) [L. digeslio.] The process whereby the ingested food is converted into material suitable for assimilation with con- sequent upbuilding of the tissues or the libera- tion of energy, gas'tric d., that part of diges- tion, chiefly of the proteins, which is carried on in the stomach by the enzymes of the gastric juice, intercell'ular d., d. in a cavity by means of secretions from the surrounding cells, such as occurs in the metazoa. intes'tinal d., that part of d. which is carried on in the intestine, it affects all the food-stuffs — starches, fats, and proteins, intracellular d., d. within the substance of a cell, such as occurs in the proto- zoa and in phagocytes, pep'tic d., gastric d. pri'mary d., d. in the alimentary tract, sal'ivaiy d., the conversion of starch into sugar by the action of the salivary ferments, sec'ondaiy d., the change in the chyle effected by the action of the cells of the body, whereby the final products of d. are assimilated in the process of metabolism. diges'tive. i. Relating to digestion. 2. Diges- tant (2 ) . d. fever, a slight rise in body temperature occurring during digestion. diges'tol. Trade name of a digestant composed of pepsin, salol, and bismuth subnitrate. digipoten (dij'i-po-ten) . Trade name of a prepara- tion of digitalis freed from digtiosaponin; of the same strength as digitalis leaf, I gr. being equal in strength to I minim of fluidextract of digitalis. digipuratum (dij-I-pu-ra'tum). A dry extract of digitalis of definite strength, said to be freed from digitonin; employed in the same doses as digitalis leaves. digls'trophan. Trade name of a mixture of digitalis and strophanthus, in the proportional strength of 2 parts of digitalis leaves to 1 part of strophanthus seeds. digit (dij'it) [L. digitus!] A finger or toe. digital (dij'I-tal). Relating to or resembling a digit or digits or an impression made by them. d. cav'ity, see under cavity, d. fos'sa, fossa tro- chanterica. d. impres'sions, digitate impressions. digitalein (dij"i-tal'e-in) . A glucoside from digitalis leaves; a white amorphous powder of very bitter taste ; diuretic and cardiac in dose of gr. -j^-g- I (o.ooi). dlgitalin (dijl-tal-in). A glucoside of digitalis; often a mixture of various principles of imcertain strength and composition; see digitalinum. French d., (i) an amorphous white or yellowish powder, chloroformic d., Homolle's d.; (2) a crystallized substance occurring as needle-shaped crystals, Nativelle's d. Ger'man d., digitalinum pUTUm. true d., digitalinum verum. digitalinum (dij-i-tal-e'num). Digitalin. d. pu'- Tum, German digitalin, of uncertain composition, containing chiefly digitonin with some true digitalin. d. ve'rum, true digitalin, a glucoside, CasHstOu, occurring as a white amorphous or graniilar powder; dose, gr. -^ (0.001). digitalis (dij-I-ta'lis) [L. digitalis, relating to the fingers.] (U.S. and Br.) The dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea, purple foxglove, ladies ' flngers, taken from plants of the second year's growth at the beginning of flowering; cardiac tonic and diuretic in doses of gr. J— 2 (0.03-0.13). digitallsm (dij'I-tal-izm). The poisonous symp- toms caused by digitalis. digitalization (dij-i(-tal-i-za'shun) . Producing the physiological effects of digitalis. digitalon (dij'l-ta-lon). A non-alcoholic solution of the glucosides of digitalis ; dose, 1518-15 (0.5-1.0) by hypodermic injection. [GITATE 281 DIMORPHIC litate (dij'I-tat). Marked by a nvunber of finger- like processes or impressions, d. impres'sions, impressiones digitatse, faintly marked depressions Dn the inner surface of the cranium, corresponding more or less nearly to the cerebral convolutiens. ^ta'tion [h.digiiaiio.'] i. A process resembling a Snger. 2. A figure of a ntimber of finger-like processes. [itatio'nes hippocam'pi [L. pi. of digiiatio.] [BNA] Digitations of the hippocampus, pes hippocampi ; the slight grooves and notches on the thickened anterior extremity of the hippocampus major. ;iti (dijl-ti) [L. pi. of digitus.] Fingers, d. bippocrat'ici, Hippocratic* fingers, d. ma'nus, fingers, d. mor'tui, dead fingers, a vasomotor disturbance possibly a mild form of Raynaud's disease, marked by a purplish or waxy white color of the fingers, with subnormal temperature and paresthesia, d. pe'dis, toes. ?tin (dijl-tin). An inert derivative of digitalis, probably the same as digitonin. jitol (diji-tol). Trade name of a specially pre- pared tincture of digitalis. ^tonin (dij-I-to'nin). A substance, Ct4HjjOjB, obtained from digitalis; it has no action upon the heart, so far as known; it is said to constitute about 50 per cent, of the German digitalin, digitalin\iin purum. ritoxin (dij-J-tok'sin). A glucoside, CiHtiOn, obtained from digitalis; it occurs as a white crystalline powder of bitter taste. situs, gen. and pi. digiii (dijl-tus) [L.] Finger or toe; specifically a finger as distinguished from dactylus, a toe. d, annula'ris, ring or fourth finger, d. medicus d. auricula'ris, little or fifth finger, called auricular because used in scratching or cleaning the external auditory meatus, d. exten'sus, backward deviation of a. finger, d. flex'us, permanent flexion of a finger, d. ma'nus, finger, d. med'icus, d. medicina'lis, the fourth or ring finger, medical finger because formerly supposed to have a direct nervous connection with the heart and to be therefore of significance in a diagnostic sense, d, xne'dius, middle or third finger, d. min'imus, the little or fifth finger. d. mor'tuus, see digiti mortui. d. pe'dis, toe, dactylus. d. recell'ens, trigger finger.* d. val'- gus, permanent deviation of one or more fingers to the ulnar side. d. va'rus, permanent deviation of one or more fingers to the radial side. ;l0Bsia (di-glos'sl-ah) [G. di-, two, + glossa, tongue.] A condition in which the tongue is bifid, or split longitudinally. glos'sus. One with a congenitally bifid tongue. jnathus (di-gnath'us) [G. di-, two, -I- gnathos, jaw.] A monster with double jaw. hybrid (di-hi'brid) [G. di-, two, + L. hybrida.] 'The offspring of parents differing in two char- acters. by'drate. A chemical compound with two hydroxyl radicals or one with two molecules of water. hy'dric. A chemical compound with two hydro- gen atoms. dydrocollidine (di-hi"dro-kol'i-den). A ptomaine in decaying animal matter. liydroresorcuiol (di-hi"dro-re-zor'sl-nol). A sub- stance obtained from resorcinol by the action of sodium amalgam with carbon dioxide, said to be antiseptic. biydroxyphthalophenone (di-hi-drok"sr-fthaI-o-fe'- non). Phenolphthalein. dypercytosis (di-hi"per-si-to'sis) [G. di-, two, -t- hypercytosis.] Hyperhypercytosis. dihysteria (di-his-te'ri-ah) [G. di-, two, -f- hystera, uterus.] A condition in which there is a double uterus. diiodide (di-i'o-did). Biniodide. dii"odobe"tanaph'thol. lodonaphthol. diiodoform (di-i-o'do-form). lodethylene, ethyl- ene periodide, ethylene tetraiodide, C2I4, pre- pared by adding an e3:cess of iodine to acetylene iodide; a yellow crystalline powder insoluble in water, employed as a substitute for iodoform. dil"odosalicyl'ic acid. Sanaform. dii"odosalicyl'ic phe'nyl-es'ter. Diiodosalol. diiodosalol (di-i"o-do-sal'ol). Phenyl diiodosali- cylate, a crystalline powder, without odor or taste, a condensation product of phenol with diiodosalicylic acid; employed internally in rheumatism, and externally as an antiseptic dust- ing powder. dike'tone. A ketone containing two atom, groups (CO). dilaceration (di-las-er-a'shun) [L. dilacerare, to tear in pieces.] i. The formation of an aperture through a cataractous lens by piercing the center and prying apart the two halves. 2. A displace- ment of some portion of a, developing tooth which is then further developed in its new relation. dilata'tion [L dilatare, to expand.] x. Enlarge- ment of a cavity, canal, or opening, occurring pathologically or made artificially. 2. The act of dilating or enlarging, piognath'ian or prog- nath'ic d., d. of the pyloric end of the stomach out of proportion to that of the cardia or fundus, giving the undershot appearance of a bull-dog's jaw in the Roentgen picture. dlla'toT. I. An instrument designed for enlarging a cavity, canal, or opening. 2. A muscle the fimction of which is to pull open any orifice, d. con'chs, muscular fibers passing between the concha and the tragus of the external ear. d. ir'idis, the radiating fibers of the iris, contrac- tion of which dilates the pupil, d. tu'bae, muscu- lus tensor veli palatini. dill. Anethum. diluent (dil'u-ent) [L. diluere, to dilute.] i. Dilut- ing, making weaker or more watery. 2. An agent which reduces the strength of a solution or mixture. 3. A remedy which is supposed to in- crease the fluidity of the blood or any of the body fluids. dilu'tion. i. The act of reducing the strength of a mixture or solution. ■£. A weakened solution. 3. In homeopathy, dynamization or potency. dimazon (di-ma'zon). Diacetylamino-azotoluene. a reddish yellow crystalline powder, recom- mended as a vulnerary because of its alleged power of stimulating the growth of epithelium. dimercuri'on. The bivalent mercuric ion. dim'erous [G. di^, two, -f meros, part.] Consisting of two parts. dimethylacetal (di-meth-il-as'e-tal). Ethylidenedi- methylester, a colorless liquid obtained by the interaction of aldehyde, methyl alcohol, and glacial acetic acid; employed as a general anes- thetic like chloroform. dimethylamine (di-m6-thil'3,-men). A ptomaine in decaying gelatin, and obtained from methyl iodide by the action of ammonia. dimethylarsen'ic acid. Cacodylic acid. dimethylar'sin. Cacodyl. dimethylxan thine (di-meth-il-zan'thin). Theobro- mine. dime'tria [G. di-, two, -\- metra, womb.] Dihysteria. dimor'phic. Dimorphous. DIMORPHISM 282 DIPHTHERIOLYSIN dimor'phism [G. di-, two, + morphe, shape.] Existing in two forms; noting a difference of crystallization exhibited by the same substance, or a difference in form or outward appearance between individuals of the same species but of opposite sex. dimor'phous. Having the property of dimorphism. dineric (di-ner'ik) [G. dine, an eddy, whirlpool.] Eddying or whirling, noting the movement of a liquid, d. in'terspace, the surface between two liquid phases. dineuric (di-nu'iik) [G. di-, two, + neuron, nerve.] Having two axis-cylinder processes, noting a neuron or nerve-cell. din'ical [G. dinos, dizziness.] i. Relating to, or relieving vertigo. Dinifer'ida. An order of Dinoflagellata in which the fiagella lie in furrows. dini'trate. A salt having two molecules of nitric acid. dinitrocellulose (di-ni-tro-sel'u-loz). Pyroxylin. din'ner pad. A pad of moderate thickness placed over the pit of the stomach before the application of a plaster jacket; after the plaster has set the pad is removed, leaving space for varying condi- tions of abdominal distention. din'ner pill. Pilula ad prandium; a laxative pill, containing aloes, to be taken after eating; the several dinner pills are known as Chapman's, Cole's, Hall's, and Lady Webster's, and all con- tain about I grain of aloes, Cole's having jalap, blue mass, and tartar emetic as well. Dinoflagella'ta [G. dinos, a whirling.] A subclass of Phytomastigophora, comprising organisms with a cellulose envelope, containing yellow or brown pigment, and with two or more fiagella, transverse and longitudinal, by the action of which the cell rotates as it advances. dinonnocytosis (di-nor"mo-si-to'sis) [G. di-, two, -|- normocytosis.] Normonormooytosis, isonormo- cytosis.* Di'odon [G. di-, two, + odous(odont-), tooth.] A genus of globe-fishes, some species of which are poisonous. dioe'cious. Diecious. dioesoph'agus [G. di-, two, -I- oisophagos, esophagus.] A congenital reduplication, complete or partial, of the esophagus. dioestrum (di-es'trum). Diestrum. diomor'phine. A mixture of dionin and morphine. di'onine. .lEthylmorphinae hydrochloridum (U.S.). diopsim'eter [G. dia, through, + opsis, vision, -f meiron, measure.] An instrument for deter- mining the limits of the field of vision. diop'ter [G. dioptra, a leveling instrument.] A dioptric, the unit of refracting power of lenses, noting a lens whose principal focus is at a distance of I meter (39.3 inches), piism d,, see under dioptom'eter. Dloptrometer. dioptom'etry. Dioptrometry. dioptos'copy. Dioptroscopy. diop'tric. i. Diopter. 2. Refractive. diop'trics. The branch of optics which deals with the refraction of light. dioptrometer (di-op-trom'e-tur) [diopter + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring refraction. dioptrometry (di-op-trom'e-trj) [diopter + G. metron, measure.] Measurement of the degree of accommodation and refractive power of the eye. dioptros'copy [diopter -f G. skopeo, I examine. Determination of the degree of refraction by means of the ophthalmoscope. dioptry (di-op'tri). Diopter, a dioptric. diortho'sis [G. a making straight.] Dlaplasis. diosco'rea [after Dioscorides Pedaclus or Pedanius, a Greek physician and botanist, probably of the first century B.C. or A.D.] (N.F.) Colic-root, rheumatism-root, wild yam; the rhizome of Dios- corea villosa; expectorant and diaphoretic; has been used in the treatment of rheumatism and bilious colic, in dose of 5i (4-o) of the N.F. fluidextract. dioscorein (di-os-kor'e-in). A resinoid from Dios- corea villosa; a brownish bitter powder, employed as a diaphoretic and antispasmodic in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). Dioscorides' gra'nule (di-os-kor'I-d6z) [Dioscorides Pedacius, the younger, Greek writer on materia medica, first century A.D.] A granule of milk sugar and gum arabic containing gr. -j--^ (o.ooi) of arsenous acid. diose (di'oz). Glycol aldehyde, C2H1O2, chemically the simplest sugar. dios'mal. Trade name of a buchu preparation, employed for the same purposes as buchu in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0.13). diosmosis (di-oz-mo'sis) [G. dia, through, -f- osmos, a pushing.] The transudation of a fluid through a membrane, dios'pyros [G. Dios pyros, Jupiter's wheat.] Per- simmon, the unripe fruit of Diospyros virgiana; astringent, tonic, and antiperiodic in doses of 5^1 (15.0—30.0) of the infusion. diox^ide. A chemical compound containing two atoms of oxygen to one of the metallic element. dioxydiamido-arsenobenzol (di-ok"si[-di-am'i-do-ar"- sen-o-ben'zol). Salvarsan. diox'ygen. Trade name of a. preparation of hy- drogen peroxide. - dioxytol'uene. Orcin. dipen'tene, Diamylene, cinene, cajeputene, ca- outchin, C10H16, a substance present in several ethereal oils, said to be one of the constituents of terpinol. dipha'sic [G. di-, two, -h phasis, appearance.] Oc- curring in, or referring to, two phases or stages. diphenylamine (di-fen-U-am'en). A crystalline sub- stance used as a test for nitrous and nitric acids. diphenylchlorarsine (di-fen"il-klor-ar'sen). Ster- nutator, sneezing gas, a gas used in warfare, inhalation of which causes violent sneezing, cough, salivation, headache, and retrosternal pain. dipho'nia [G. di-, two, 4- phone, voice.] Double voice, the simultaneous production of two dis- tinct tones during phonation. diphtheria (dif-the'ri-ah) [G. diphihera, leather.] A specific infectious disease due to the Kleb- Loeffier bacillus, marked by inflammation, with formation of a fibrinous exudate, of the mucous membrane of the throat or nose, and by more or less pronounced symptoms of toxemia, false d., diphtheroid; croupous tonsillitis, sur'gical d., the formation of a false membrane on the surface of a wound. diphthe'rial. Relating to diphtheria. diphtheriaphor (dif-the'ri-ah-for) [diphtheria + G. pkoreS, I carry.] A diphtheria bacilli carrier, or vector. diphther'icide. Trade name of a pastile containing thymol and sodium benzoate, used for sore throat. diph'therin. The toxin of diphtheria, diphthero- toxin, diphtheriolysiu (dif-the"ri-ori-sin). An antibody destructive to the diphtheria bacillus. HTHERITIC (leiit'ic. Relating in any way to diphtheria, leritis (dif-ther-i'(e')tis). Diphtheria. iheroid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Pseudodiph- ria, false diphtheria; one of a group of local sctions, suggesting diphtheria, with occasional tiptoms of toxenjia, caused by various micro- anisms other than the diphtheria bacillus. therotox'in. The toxin of diphtheria. lon'gia [G. di-, two, + phthongos, the voice.] )honia. odont (dif'J-o-dont) [G di-, two, + phyo, I duce, + odous(odont-)_, tooth.] Having two 5 of teeth, as man and most mammals. can'thus na'nus [G. diplous, double, + mtha, spine; L. nanus, dwarf.] Hymenolepis la. ;usis (dip-13,-ku-sls) [G. diplous, double, + •usis, hearing.] A difference of perception of jid by the two ears, either in time or in pitch, that one sound is heard as two. b. blnaura'lis, condition in which the same sound is heard Brently by the two ears. d. monaura'lis, a idition in which one sound is perceived as two bhe same ear ;ia (di-ple'ji-ah) [G. di-, two, + plege, a stroke.] uble hemiplegia; paralysis of corresponding ts on both sides of the body, fa'cial d., double ial paralysis, in'fantile d., birth-palsy.* .s'ticatory d., paralysis of all the muscles of .stication (temporals, pterygoids, and masse- s). spas'tic d., Little's disease. jalbuminu'ria [G. diplous, double.] The co- stence of nephritic, or pathological, and non- )hritic, or physiological, albuminuria. lacillus (dip-lo-bd-sil'us) [G. diplous, double.] louble bacillus, two bacilli linked end to end. >acte'ria [G. diplous, double.] Bacteria occur- g in pairs linked together. ilas'tiG [G. diplous, double, + blastos, germ.] rmed of two germ layers. ;ar'dia [G. diplous, double, + kardia, heart.] condition in which the two lateral halves of 1 heart are more or less separated by a central ure. joccemia, diplococcaemia (dip-Io-kok-se'ml-ah) flococcus + G. haima, blood.] The presence of lococci in the blood. :oc'coid [diplococcus + G. eidos, resemblance.] sembling a diplococcus. coc'cus [G. diplous, double, + kokkos, berry.] Eorm of micrococciis in which, after division one plane, the two new individuals remain re or less attached. D. gonorrhcE'ae, Micro- Ms gonorrhasce. D. intracellula'ris meningit'- , meningococcus, it biscuit-shaped organism, urring in pairs, the specific cause of epidemic sbrospinal meningitis. D. lanceola'tus, D. iUmo'niae, pneumococcus, an organism of iable morphology, the specific cause of iipous pneumonia. D. pyog'enes ure'se, a d nd in purulent urine. D. rheumat'icus, a n found in certain cases of acute rheumatism I assumed to be pathogenic. D. scarlatl'nae, irm found in the throat in scarlatina, Class's d. o'ria {G. diplous, double, + kore, pupil.] s presence of a double pupil in the eye. (dip'lo-e) [G. diploe, fem. of diplous, double.] ! central layer of spongy bone between the I layers of compact bone, outer and inner tes or tables of the flat cranial bones. [enesis (dip-lo-jen'e-sis) [G. diplous, double, genesis, generation.] The production of a ible monster or of one with som3 parts tbled- 283 DIPSACACE^ Diplogonop'orus gran'dis [G. diplous, double, + gonos, seed, -)- poros, pore; L. grandis, large.] A form of tapeworm found in Japan. diplo'ic, diploet'ic. Relating to the diploe. diploid (dip'loyd) [G. diplous, double, -\- eidos, resemblance. ] The full number of chromosomes in the fertilized ovum and in all cells, except the mature germ cells, derived from this. diplomelituria (dip-lo-mel-l-tu'ri-ah) [G. diplous, double, -f- meli, honey, -f ouron, iirine.] The occurrence of diabetic and non-diabetic glycosuria in the same individual. diplomyelia (dip-lo-mi-e'll-ah) [G. diplous, double, + myelon, marrow.] The presence of a fisstire in the spinal cord, the two lateral halves being more or less distinct. diploneural (dip-lo-nu'ral) [G. diplous, double, -1- neuron, nerve.] Supplied by two nerves from different sources, said of certain muscles. diplopho'nia [G. diplous, double, -I- phone, voice.] Diphonia. diplopia (di-plo'pl-ah) [G. diplous, double, -I- dps, eye.] Double vision, due to paralysis of the ocular muscles in consequence of which the image of an object falls upon non-corresponding portions of the two retinae, binoc'ular d., double vision caused by muscular imbalance, the visual axes not being fixed on the same point, crossed d., heteronymous d. direct' d., homonymous d. heteron'ymous d., crossed d., d. in "which the false image is on the same side as the sound eye; d. due to divergent squint or paralysis of the internal rectus, homon'ymous d., simple d., direct d., d. in which the false image is on the same side as the affected eye; d. due to convergent squint or paralysis of the external rectus, monotf'ular d., a. form in which two objects are seen with the same eye, due to in- complete cataract, double pupil, etc. sim'ple d., homonymous d. diplopiometer (dip-lo-pl-om'e-tur) [G. metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for determining the pres- ence and the degree of diplopia. dip'losal. Trade name of salicyl salicylic acid; employed for the same purposes as sodium salicylate, phenyl salicylate, and other remedies of that group, in doses of gr. v-xv (0 . 3—1 . o) . diploscope (dip'lo-skop) [ G. diplous, double, -t- skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for the study of binocular vision and of its anomalies. diplosome (dip'lo-som) [G. diplous, double, + I soma, body.] 1. One of the allosomes which are paired in the spermatogonium, j. A double centrosome. diploso'mia [G. diplous, double, + soma, body.] A condition in which twins, seemingly independent in all their parts, are joined at one or more points ; see cut under thoracopagus. diplostemonous (dip-lo-ste'mo-nus) [G. diplous, double, -I- siemon, stamen.] In botany, having twice as many stamens as sepals or petals, d, andre'cium, noting a flower in which the stamens are arranged in two alternating whorls. diploteratol'ogy. The division of teratology dealing with double monstrosities. Dip'pel's an'imal oil [Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist, 1673—1734.] Oleum animale asthereum. diprosopus (di-pro-so'pus) [G. di-, two, + prosopon, face.] A monstesr with duplication of the faoe^ or any of its parts ; see cut under opodymus. Dipsaca'cese [G. dipsakos, teasle.] An order of gamopetalous, dicotyledonous plants, the in- DIPSACACE^ 284 DISCOPLASM florescence of which is a capitulum, the fruit an achene. dipsoma'nia [G. dipsa, thirst, + mania, madness.] A recurring psychosis in which the patient from time to time is driven by an imperative com- pulsion to drink to excess of alcoholic beverages. dipso'sis [G. dipsa, thirst.] Excessive thirst, or a longing for certain unusual forms of drink. dipsother'apy [G. dipsa, thirst, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of certain diseases by ab- stention, as far as possible, from liquids. Dip'tera [G. di-, two, + pteron, wing.] An order of two-winged insects, including flies and mosquitos. Dipterocar'pus [G. dipteros, with two wings, -I- karpos, fruit.] A genus of trees, some East Indian species of which furnish gurjun balsam. dipterous (dip'ter-us). Two-winged, noting flies, mosquitos, and other insects belonging to the order Diptera. dip'teryx [G. di-, two, -I- pteryx, wing.] Tonka, tonka bean ; the prepared seed of Dipteryx (Cou- marouna) odoraia or appositifolia; antispasmodic and narcotic in doses of iKS-io (0.3-0.6) of a fluidextract. See cumarin. dipygus (di-pi'gus) [G. di-, two, -1- pyge, buttocks.] A monster with duplication of the lower part of the spinal column and the pelvis, d. Darasit'icus, see cut under gastroihoracopagus Dipygus. Dipylid'ium cani'num [G. dipylos, with two en trances.] A species of dog tapeworm, the larvae of which are harbored by the flea; the worm may also infest man. direct' [L. dirigere, to set in a straight line.] Straight, not deviating to either side. direc'tor. An instrument, usually in the form of a grooved probe or sound, designed for guiding the knife of the operator, in slitting up a sinus, for example, or in the operation of external urethrotomy; called also a guide. dir"igomo'tor. Directing or controlling muscular movement. dirt-eater. Geophagist. dir^-eating, Geophagia, geophagism, geophagy. dis- [L. an inseparable preposition denoting separation, taking apart, sundering, in two.] A prefix having the same force as the original Latin preposition. disaccharid, disaccharide (di-sak'kar-id) [G. di-, two, + sakcharis, sugar.] A carbohydrate con- taining two saccharid groups plus a molecule of water; sucrose, lactose, and maltose belong to this class. disaggregation (dis-ag"gre-ga'shun) [L. dis-, sepaA rating, + aggregate, to assemble.] 1. A break- ing up into the component parts. 2. In psy- chology, an inability to coordinate the various sensations and failure to observe their mutual relations. disain'idize [dis-, asunder, + amide H — ize, suffix denoting action.] Deamidize. disarticula'tion [L. dis-, apart, -t- ariiculus, joint.] Amputation of a limb through a joint, without cutting of bone. disassimila'tion. Destructive or retrograde metabolism. disc [L. discus; G. diskos, a dish.] 1. In anatomy any approximately flat circular surface. See discus. 2. In dentistry a disc-shaped piece of thin paper or other material, coated with emery or other abrasive substance, used for cutting and polishing fillings, blastoder'mic d., the germinal d. of an ovum after segmentation of the vitellus. blood d., platelet, choked d., papillitis, papilledema, intraocular neuritis; inflammation of the retinal portion of the optic nerve, marked by swelling of the optic disc which is of a grayish white color.' ger'minal d., the point in an ovum where the embryo begins to be formed, op'tic d., discus opticus, prolig'- erous d., cumxilus oophorus. stenope'ic d., a. metallic or other opaque disc with a narrow slit through which one looks, used as a test for astigmatism, straboscop'ic d., a lens which distorts the object looked at. tac'tile d., the expansion of the terminal fiber of a nerve of sensation, transverse' d,, one of the dark transverse lines seen on examining a muscular fiber under the microscope. discharge', i. To set free; to remove the contents or load. 2. The escape or flowing away of the contents of a cavity, either normal or patholog- ical. 3. The matter which is discharged. dis'charger. An instrument for setting free the electricity in a condenser or Leyden jar. dischronation (dis-kro-na'shun) [L. dis-, apart, + G. chronos, time.] A dislocation or displace- ment, in a figurative sense, in the time series; a function of consciousness, the term being analo- gous to dislocation in the spatial series. discission (dis-sish-un) [L. discindere, to split.] Incision or cutting through a part ; specifically needling, splitting the capsule and breaking up the substance of the crystalline lens with a knife-needle, in cases of soft cataract, d. of the cer'vix, division of the cervix uteri on either side for the relief of stenosis, d. of the pleu'ra, Ransohoff's operation, poste'rior d. , incision of a membranous cataract from behind by a knife passed through the sclera. discitis (dis-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of any disc, especially of an interarticular cartilage; meniscltis. dlscoblas'tic. Relating to a discoidal segmentation of the yolk in an impregnated ovum. dis'cocarp [G. diskos, disc, + karpos, fruit.] x. Apothecium, an ascocarp in which the hymenium is exposed during the development of the asci. 2. An arrangement of separate achenes within a hollow receptacle. dis'coid [G. diskos, disc, + eidos, appearance.] 1, Resembling a disc. a. In dentistry a disc- shaped excavator. Discomyces (dis-ko-mi'sez) [G. diskos, disc, + mykes, fungus.] Actinomyces. discoplacen'ta. A placenta of discoid shape. dis'coplasm [G, diskos, a disc, -t- plasma, something :OPLASMJ 8s DISINFECT led.] That portion of the cytoplasm which lesses vital properties. ia [G. disi double, + kore, pupil.] The ence of a double pupil. tro"ma. The stroma of a red blood cell. ;e' [L. discretus; discernere, to separate.] arate, distinct, not joined to or incorporated 1 another; noting especially certain lesions iie skin and other parts. 1 [L.] Disc. d. articula'ris [BNA], articular , interarticular fibrocartilage ; a plate or ring ibrocartUage attached to the joint capsule separating the articular surfaces of the bones a, varying distance, sometimes completely, srves to adapt two articular surfaces which not entirely congruent, d. interpu'blcus, ina fibrocartilaginea interpubica. d. inter- :ebra'lis, intervertebral disc, cartilago* inter- ^ebralis. d. lentifor'mis, nucleus hypo- amicus. d. ner'vi op'tici, d. op'ticus, disc ;he optic nerve, optic disc, papilla* nervi ;ci [BNA]. d. prolig'erus, cumulus oophorus. s' [L. discutere, to shake apart.] To disperse, ause to disappear or be absorbed. 3'ive. Discutient. .ent (dis-ku'shent) [L. discutere, to shake rt.] I. Scattering or dispersing a patholog- accumulation. 2. An agent which causes dispersal of a tumor or pathological collection ny sort. ;last (dis-di'ah-klast) [G. dis, twice, + dia, lugh, + clastos, broken.] A doubly refractive lent in striated musctdar tissue, s (diz-ez') [Eng. dis- priv. + ease.] Morbus, ss, sickness; an interruption or perversion of ition of any of the organs ; a morbid change ny of the tissues, or an abnormal state of the y as a whole, continuing for a longer or shorter od. [In the following the eponymic terms not given, they will be found under the proper les ; see also morbus. "[ acute' d., an abnormal iition of the body or any of its parts, mani- 5d by sjTnptoms of a more or less violent char- r, and terminating, after a comparatively brief od, in recovery or death, al'kali d., deer- malady, bad d., a popular name for syph- barom'eter-maker's d., chronic mercurial oning caused by the inhalation of mercurial es. blue d., morbus cseruleus. bronzed d., ison's* d. caiss'on d., see caisson, chron'ic )ne of long continuance, marked usually by '■ery violent symptoms, sometimes ending in very, but usually terminating in death lUgh disturbance of function of some vital m, cachexia, or an intercurrent attack of ,e disease to which it may predispose, com'- iting d., a secondary or independent d. ;rvening in the course of an already existent ;tion. congen'ital d., one that is present in infant at birth, constitu'tional d., one asso- i6. with or marked by a disturbance of abolism, a blood d. or dyscrasia. conta'- is d., an infectious d. transmissible by medi- or immediate contact, defic'iency d., one ng from defective metabolism caused by a of vitamines in the diet; beriberi, scurvy, probably pellagra belong to this cl ss. dif- ' d., one which involves s::veral or all of the al cord tracts; opposed to system d. dy- I'ic d., functional d. endem'ic d., one which 'ails continuously or recurrently in a special lity. epidem'ic d., one which attacks simul- iously a large number of persons living in a particular locality, fifth d., erythema infection sum. fish'skin d., ichthyosis, foot-and-mouth d., aphthae epizooticae, epidemic stomatitis, aph- thous fever; an infectious disease of cattle char- acterized by a vesicular eruption in the mouth and pharynx, chill, fever, and marked prostra- tion; the disease is communicable to man. fourth d., Dukes' d., FilatofE's d., scarlatinoid, an exanthematous affection of childhood bearing a resemblance to scarlatina analogous to that of German measles to measles; it runs a. mild course, f unc'tional d., a d. in which there is no obvious anatomical lesion to account for the symptoms present, grind'er's d., pneumono- coniosis. hered'itary d., one that is habitually transmitted by the parents to the offspring. hook'worm d., uncinariasis, idiopath'ic d., one for which no cause is apparent, infec'tious d., infec'tive d., one due to the presence and vital activity of a unicellular microscopic animal or vegetable parasite, inher'ited d., one that is derived from the progenitors; in many cases it is only a weakness of constitution, which pre- disposes to any disease, that is inherited, in- suffic'iency d., deficiency d. intercurr'ent d., complicating d. intersti'tial d., one affecting chiefly the connective-tissue framework of an organ, the parenchyma suffering secondarily. lo'cal d., one in which the morbid changes are confined to a single part or organ, usually with- out marked constitutional disturbance, occupa'- tlon d., one arising from causes incidental to the occupation of the sufferer, organ'ic d., one in which there is evident anatomical change in some of the tissues or organs of the body. pandem'ic d., one which prevails more or less over the entire world, parasit'ic d., one due to the presence and vital activity of animal or vegetable parasites; when the parasites are uni- cellular and microscopic the d. is called infectious or infective, pearl-worker's d., inflammatory hypertrophy of the bones affecting grinders of mother of pearl, paroxys'mal d., one character- ized by explosive seizures, as epilepsy, period'ic d., one in which the symptoms recur at certain definite intervals, rag-sorter's d., anthrax, malignant pustule. Scyth'ian d., atrophy of the external genitals with impotence, due to excessive and unnatural venery. specific d., one produced by the action of a special pathogenic micro- organism; a term formerly applied especially to syphilis, sporadic d., one occurring in isolated cases in a locality where it is neither endemic nor epidemic, subacute' d., a middle state between acute and chronic d., marked by less active symptoms than the former, but of shorter dura- tion than the latter and more prone to recovery. subchron'ic d., a subacute d., but one with more of the characteristics of a chronic affection, sys'- tem d., a spinal-cord d. affecting a special tract or nerve-fiber system, vag'abond's d., see vagabond, vene'real d., syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, or other disease acquired in general through sexual intercourse, wool-sorter's d., anthrax. zymot'ic d., infectious d., one due to the action of a living ferment. disengagement (dis-en-gaj'ment) [Fr.] The act of setting free or extricating; specifically the emer- gence of the head from the vulva during child- birth. disequilib'rium. A lack of equilibrium in any sense ; specifically a lack of proper adjustment between the moral and intellectual faculties. disinfect'. To destroy microorganisms in or on any DISINFECT 286 DISTILLATIC substance or to inhibit their growth and vital activity. disinfec'tant, i. Destroying the germs of putrefac- tion or disease, or inhibiting their activity, 2. An agent which possesses this property, com- plete d., one which kills both vegetative forms and spores, incomplete d., one which kills only the vegetative forms, leaving the spores uninjured. disintegra'tion. Disaggregation or separation of the component parts of a substance, such as occurs in catabolism or caries. dislntoxica'tion. Detoxication. disinvagina'tion. Relieving an invagination.* disk. Disc . dis'locate [L. dis-, apart, + locare, to place.] To luxate, to put out of joint. dislocatio (des-lo-kah'te-o, dis-lo-ka'shyo) . Dis- location, luxation, d. erec'ta, a subglenoid dislocation of the shoulder in which the arm is held vertically with the hand on top of the head. disloca'tion [L. dis^, apart, + locus, place.] Displace- ment of an organ or any part; specifically a dis- turbance or disarrangement of the normal relation of the bones entering into the formation of a joint ; luxation. disodic (di-so'dik). Noting a chemical compouncl containing two sodium atoms in each molecule. disorganiza'tion. Destruction of an organ or tissue with consequent loss of function. disorientation (dis-o-ri-en-ta'shun) [dis- priv. + orient, the east.] Loss of the sense of familiarity with one's surroundings; loss of one's bearings. disparate (dis'par-at) [L. disparate, to separate.] Unequal, not alike. dispen'saiy [L. dispensare, to weigh out, to distrib- ute.] I. A physician's office, especially the office of one who dispenses his own medicines. 2. The office of a hospital apothecary, where medi- cines are given out on the physicians* orders. 3. (a) An out-patient department of u. hospital; (&) a public institution where the sick poor receive gratuitous treatment. Dispen'satory [L. dispensator, one who dispenses (drugs).] A work originally intended as a com- mentary on the Pharmacopeia, but now rather a supplement to that work. It contains an account of the sources, mode of preparation, physiolog- ical action, and therapeutic uses of most of the agents, official and non-official, employed in the treatment of disease. dispense'. To give out medicine and other neces- sities to the sick. dispermin (di-spur'min). Piperazin. disperse (dis-purs') [L. dispersus; dispergere, to scatter about.] To discuss, to cause to disappear, noting a tumor. disperse (dis'purs). The aggregate of finely divided suspended particles in a colloidal solution; called also dispersed phase. diaper'sion. i. The act of dispersing or of being dispersed. 2. The more or less intimate incor- poration of the particles of one substance into the mass of another, including solutions, suspen- sions, and colloidal dispersions. 3. Specifically, what is usually called, less correctly, a colloidal solution, coarse d., mechanical suspension. coUoid'al d., colloid solution*, d. coU'oid, dis- persoid. d. me'dium, the liquid containing the disperse in a colloid solution, molec'ular d., a true solution. dispersoid (dis-pur'soyd) [disperse ■\- G. eidos, re- semblance.] A colloid solution in which the molecules of the solute can be brought closer to- gether at the bottom of the tube by centritug; zation; called also molecular disperse solution, dispi'ra [G. di-, double, -f- speira, a coil.] Dispire dispirem, dispireme (di-spi'rem, di-spi'rSm) [G. twice, -I- speirema, wreath.] The double ch: matin skein in mitosis. displacement (dis-plas'ment). 1. The adding to fluid in an open vessel one of greater densi whereby the first is expelled. 2. A substituti in a dream or concept of an abstract idea bj concrete one. Dispo'rea [G. di-, double, +sporos, seed.] A suborc of Myxosporidia, in which each sporozoite pi duces a pansporoblast containing two spores ; t latter are wider than long. dissect' [L. dis-, apart, + secare, to cut.] i, ' cut apart or separate the tissues of the body the study of anatomy. 2. In an operation, separate the different structures along natu: lines by cutting or tearing the connective-tiss framework, instead of making a wide incision. dissec'tion. The act of dissecting. dissem'inated [L. dis-, apart, -H seminare, to sot Widely scattered throughout an organ or tiss or the entire body. dissep'iment [L. dis-, apart, H- sepire,] to feni Partition. dissimilation (dis-sim-i-la'shun) . Disassimilatic dissociation (dis-so-shl-a'shun) [L. dissociare, separate.] i. Disassociation, separation, d solution of relations. 2. The change of a coi plex into a more simple chemical compound the action of heat. d. symp'tom, the loss of t pain and the thermal sense with preservation tactile sensibility. dissolu'tion [L. dissolvere, to dissolve.] i. Dissol ing. 2. Death. dissolve (dl-zolv'). To change or cause to chan from the solid to the liquid form by immersi in a fluid of suitable character. dissol'vent. Solvent. dis'tad. Toward the periphery, in a distal directic dis'tal [L. disialis, distant.] Farthest from t center or the median line; farthest from t trunk, referring to the segments of the extrer ties; opposed to proximal. dis'tance [L. distaniia.'] The measure of spa between two objects, fo'cal d., the distance frc the center of a lens to its focus, in'finite infinity, the inner limit of distant vision, the ra entering the eyes from an object at that poi being practically parallel; the distance is abc twenty feet. distem'per [L. dis- priv. + temperare, to regulat Disease, especially a disease of saiy of the lo"w animals; specifically a catarrhal disease of dc or other domestic animals, colt d., strangles. distensibil'ity. The possibility or capability being distended or stretched. distichia, distichiasis (dis-tikl-ah ; dis-tl-ki'a-s [G. di-, double, + siichos, row.] The presence two rows of eyelashes on one lid. distichous (dis'tl-kus) [G. di-, double, 4- stichos row In botany, arranged in two altemati rows, above and below, on opposite sides of 1 stem. distil', distill' [L. de, down, -I- siillare, to dro I. To practise distillation; to subject a liquid the process of distillation. 2. 'To extract 1 essence or active principle of a substance, dis'tillate. The product of distillation. distilla'tion. The volatilization of a liquid by hi and the subsequent condensation of the vapoi means of separating the volatile from the n( DISTILLATION 287 DIVERTICULUM volatile, or the more volatile from the less volatile, part of a liquid, destruc'tive d., dry d. of an organic substance with the object of effecting its decomposition with the giving off of its volatile constituents and the formation of new substances. dry d., the submission of an organic substance to heat in a closed retort, frac'tional d., the d. of a compound liquid at varying degrees of heat whereby the components of different boiling points are collected separately. distinctor (dis-tiuk'tor) . Palpatorium. distobucc'al. Relating to the distal and buccal surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. distobucco -occlusal (dis"to-bii"ko-8-kloo'zal) . Re- lating to the distal, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth, noting especially the angle formed by the junction of these surfaces. distolaTlial. Relating to the distal and labial sur- faces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. distolingual (dis-to-ling'gwal). Relating to the dis- tal and lingual surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. dlstolinguo -occlusal (dis"to-ling"gwo-6-kloo'zal). Relating to the distal, lingual, and occlusal sur- faces of a bicuspid or molar tooth, noting espe- cially the angle formed by the junction of these surfaces. Dis'toma, Dis'tomum [G. di-, two, -I- stoma, mouth.] A genus of trematode worms or flukes, the mem- bers of which are now usually referred to other genera, as Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Paragonimus, Opistkorchis, Cotylogonimus, Chlonorchis, Dicro- celium, and Schistosomum, D, bus'ki, Fasciolop- sis buski. D. conjunc'tum, Opistkorchis noverca. D. co'nus, Opistkorchis felineus. D. cras'sum, Fasciolopsis buski. D. hepat'icum, Fasciola he- patica. D. heteroph'yes, Cotylogonimus hetero- phyes. D. japon'icum, Opistkorchis sinensis. D. lanceola'tum, Dicrocelium lanceatum. D. mag'num, Fasciola magna. D. pulmona'le, D. pulmo'nis, Paragonimus westermanni. D. rath- oui'si, Fasciolopsis rathouisi. D. ring'eri, Paragonimus westermanni. D. sibir'icum, Opistkorchis felineus. D. sinen'se, Opistkorckis sinensis. D. spatula'tum, Opistkorchis sinensis. D. westermann'i, Paragonimus westermanni, distomatosis, distomiasis (dis-to-mah-to'sis, dis-to- mi'a-sis). The presence in any of the organs or tissues of a worm of the genus Distoma or Dis- tomum, or in general of any parasitic trematode or fluke, pul'monary d., the disease caused by the presence of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermanni. disto-occlusal (dis"to-8-kloo'zal) . Relating to the distal and occlusal surfaces of the bicuspid and molar teeth, noting especially the angle of junction of these two surfaces. distor'tor o'ris [L. distorter of the mouth.] The musculus zygomaticus and musculus zygomat- icus minor considered as one in their action of raising the comers of the mouth in laughter. distrac'tion [L. distractus; distrahere, to pull_ in different directions.] i. Mental confusion, im- possibility of concentration or fixation of the mind. 2. Extension on a limb made in a direc- tion to draw apart the joint surfaces. distribu'tion [L. distribuere, to distribute.] i. The passage of the branches of arteries or nerves to the several tissues and organs. 2. The area in which terminate the branches of an artery or a nerve, or the area supplied by such artery or nerve. districhiasis (dis-trl-ki'a-sis) [G. dis, double, + thrix {trick-), hair.] Growth of two hairs in a single follicle. dis'trix [G. dis, twice, + thrix, hair.] An affection marked by the splitting of the hairs at their ends. disulphate (di-sul'fat). Acid sulphate, a salt of sulphuric acid in which there is an atom of hy- drogen replaceable by a base. disul'phide. A compound with two sulphur atoms and one of the base. disuse-atrophy (dis-us'a."tro-fl). Atrophy of a part from long disuse, as that of the muscles of a fractured limb. disvolu'tion. Involution, degeneration dita bark (de'tah). Aktonia. ditaine (dl'tah-en). An alkaloid, CzjHj.NjO,, from alstonia, echitamine; its action is like that of curare. dit'amine. An alkaloid, CisHisNO^, from alstonia. dith'ion. Sodium dithiosalicylate, a mixture of two salts of sodimn with isomeric dithiosalicylic acids, or preferably one salt only, the other being precipitated out by means of sodium, chloride; a grayish yellow powder soluble in water; has been employed as a substitute for sodium salicy- late in doses of gr. 8—15 (0.5-1.0), but is used chiefly externally in foot-and-mouth diseases of cattle. Ditropeno'tus aureovir'idis. A mite parasitic on the wheat-straw worm, or larva of Isosoma tritici which infests the straw of mattresses ; it is believed to be the cause of straw-itch. Dittrich's plugs (dit'trikh) [Franz Dittrich, German physician, 1815-1859.] Minute, dirty grayish, ill-smelling masses of bacteria and fatty acid crystals in the sputtun in pulmonary gangrene and fetid bronchitis. D.'s steno'sis, narrowing of the conus arteriosus of the heart. diu'razin. A urinary antiseptic containing salicylic acid, formaldehyde, and theobromine; dose, gr. 5 (°-3). diure'sis [G. dia, intensive, + ouresis, urination.] Abnormally great excretion of urine. diuret'ic. ,.. Promoting the excretion of urine. 2. An agent which increases the amount of urine. direct' d., stimulant d. indirect' d., one which acts by strengthening the heart or relieving renal congestion, stim'ulant d., one which acts by irritating the kidneys. diuret'in. Theobrominae sodio-salicylas (U.S.). diur'nule [L. diurnus, daily.] A pill, tablet, or capsule containing the maximum daily dose of a drug. divergence (di-vur'jens) [L. di-, apart, -f vergere, to incline.] A moving or spreading apart or in different directions. diver'gent. Moving in different directions, radiat- ing. di'ver's paral'ysis. Caisson* disease. divertic'ular. Relating to a diverticulum. diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of any diverticulum. diverticulosis (di-vur-tik-u-lo'sis) [diverticulum + -osis.] The presence of a number of diverticula of the intestine. diverticulum (di-vur-tik'u-liun) [L. a by-road.] A pouch or sac opening out from a tubular organ; an offshooting cul-de-sac. d. duode'ni, papilla duo- deni. Meckel's d., see Meckel. Nuck's d., see Nuck. pitu'itaiy d., an upward projection from the pharynx In the embryo, forming part of the pituitary gland.- pul'sion d., a d. formed by pressure from within, trac'tion d., a d. formed by the pulling force of contracting bands of adhesion; DIVERTICULUM BONDERS' GLAUCOMA occurring mainly in the esophagus. Vater's d., papilla duodeni. div'idend [L. dividers, to divide.] In life insurance, the amount of the profits of the company appor- tioned to the policy-holders yearly or at the end of any stipulated period; see tontine, semiiontine, contribution, and deferred distribution. dividivi (div-J-div'I). The pods of several species of Cassalpinia, South American plants, containing much tannin; employed as an astringent in diar- rhea. dlvulse' [L. divulsus; divellere, to pull apart.]. To tear away or apart. divulsiou (di-vul'shun). The removal of a part by tearing instead of by cutting or dissection. 2. The forcing apart of the walls of a cavity or canal : forcible dilatation. divul'sor. An instrument for forcible dilatation of the urethra or other canal or cavity. Dixie Springs, Tenn.' Alkaline-saline waters, 58° P. Dyspepsia and constipation. Dix'on Mann's sign. See Mann's* sign. diz'ziness [A.S. dyzig, foolish.] Vertigo, giddiness. dizz'y. Giddy, suffering from vertigo. D.N.B. Abbreviation for dinitrobenzene. D.O. Abbreviation of Doctor of Osteopathy. Dobell's' en'ema [Henry Benge Dobell, English physician, 1828-1917.] A modification of v. Leube's nutrient enema, consisting of scraped boiled meat, boiled arrowroot, pancreas emul- sion, pepsin, and pancreatin. D.'s solu'tion, liquor sodii boratis compositus (N.F,). Do'bie's glob'ule [William Murray Dobie, English anatomist, 1828-1915.] A minute spherical body (the nodal point of a sarcostyle), some- times seen in the light band in a striated muscle fiber. D.'s lay'er, D.'s line, the dark line in the center of the light band of a muscle fiber, marking the limits of the sarcomere; Krause's membrane. dochmiasis (dok-mi'a-sis). Uncinariasis. Dochmius (dok'me-us) [G. dochmios, aslant.] Uncinaria. docima'sia, docimasy (dos'i-ma-sl) [G. dokimazo, I examine.] An assay, analysis. docimas'tic. Relating to an assay or analysis. dock. The rump of a horse. doc'tor [L. a. teacher.] i. A title conferred by a university on one who has followed a prescribed course of study, or given as a mark of distinction ; as doctor of medicine, doctor of laws, etc. 2. A physician, especially one upon whom has been conferred the degree of M. D. by a university or medical school. 3. To treat medically. dodecadactyUtls (do"dek-ah-dak"tWi'(le')tis) G. dodekadaktylon -+- -iiisi\ Inflammation of the duodenum. dodecadactylon (do"dek-ah-dak'ti-lon) [G. dodeka, twelve, + daktylos, finger.] Duodenum. Doe's meth'od [Orlando Witherspoon Doe, American physician, 1843— 1890.] For resuscitation of a stillborn infant; the child is enclosed in an air- tight box with only the mouth and nose exposed ; inspiration is then produced by exhausting the air in the box, expiration by forcing in warm air. Doederleln's bacill'us (dS'der-lin) [Albert Doederlein, Munich obstetrician, i860— 1919.] A bacillus normally present in the vaginal secretions. Doehle's inclu'aions (de'Ieh) [P. Doehle, German histologist and pathologist, *i855.] Multiple bodies, staining less darkly than the nuclei, found by Doehle in the cytoplasm of the neutro- philic multinuclear leucocytes in cases of scarlet fever. Other investigators claim to have found these same bodies in many other febrile and even non-febrile affections. Doellinger's ten'dinous ring (de'ling-er) [Johann Ignaz Josef Doellinger, German physician, 1770- 1841.] A thickening of Descemet's membrane, forming an elastic ring around he circumference of the cornea. dog-nose. Goundou. dog's-bane. Apocynum. dog'wood. Comus. Dolecoed, Wales. See Llanwrtyd. DoUris' meth'od (d6-la-re') [Jacques Am^d^e DoUris, French gynecologist, *i852.] Shortening of the round ligaments and fixation on either side by a buttonhole in the rectus muscle just above the spine of the ilium, for retrodeviation of the uterus. ' dolichocephalic (dol-I-ko-sef-al'ik) [G. dolichos, long, -f kephale, head.] Having a disproportionately long head. Noting a skull with a cephalic index below 75, or an individual with such a skull. Among the dolichocephalic races are the Eskimo, Kaffirs, Zulus, Australians, and Fijians. dolichocephalism, dolichocephaly (doW-ko-sef'al- izm, dol-i-ko-sef'al-i). The condition of being dolichocephalic. dolichocephalous (dol-i-ko-sef'al-us) Dolichoceph- alic. dolichofacial (dol-I-ko-fa'shal). Dolichoprosopic. dolichopellic (dol-I-ko-pel'ik) [G. dolichos, long, 4- pellis, bowl (pelvis) .] Having a disproportionately long pelvis. dolichoprosopic, dolichoprosopous (dol-i-ko-pros- o'pik, dol-1-ko-pros'o-pus) [G. dolichos, long, + prosopikos, facial.] Having a disproportionally long face. dolichouranic (dol-I-ko-u-ran'ik) [G. dolichos, long, + ouranos, vault of the palate.] Having a palatal index below no. dolichuian'ic. Dolichouranic. do'lomol. A white powder, composed chiefly of magnesium stearate, employed as a dusting powder. dolor (do'lor) [L.] Pain, one of the classical signs of inflammation, d. cap'itis, headache, especially pain due to changes in the scalp or bones rather than in the intracranial structures. domatophobia (do-mS-to-fo'W-ah) [G. doma, house, -t- phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of being in a house; a form of claustrophobia. dome-cells. The large cells forming the outer layer of the epidermis (epitrichium) in the embryo. dom'inate [L. dominor, I rule.] The characteristic of one or the other parent which appears in the majority of the descendants; see Mendel's* law. Dominici tube (dii-min-e-se') [Henri Dominici, French physician, contemporary.] A silver tube for the application of radium, allowing the pas- sage of only the beta and gamma rays. Don'aldson's test. For sugar in the urine; to the urine is added a solution of sodium carbonate 75 gr., potassic hydrate 7S gr., potassium bitar- trate 90 gr., copper sulphate 60 gr., in water r ounce; the presence of sugar is indicated by a greenish yellow color. Don'ders' glauco'ma [Franz Cornelius Danders, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1818-1889.] Simple atrophic glaucoma. D.'s law, (i) the age at which asthenopia begins corresponds nearly to the denominator of the fraction which expresses the degree of hypermetropia ; (2) the rotation of the eyeball is determined by the distance of the object from the median plane and the line of the horizon. D.'s pres'sure, an increase of about 6 BONDERS' GLAU 289 DOUGLAS'S CUL-DE-SAC mm. of mercury shown by a manometer con- nected with the trachea when the thorax of the dead body Is opened; it is caused by the collapse of the lungs when air is admitted to the thorax. D.'s rings, the colored rings seen in glaucoma. D.'s test, a test for color vision by means of lanterns with colored glass sides. Donne's cor'puscles (don-na') [Alfred Donni, French physician, 1801— 1878.] Leucocytes con- taining fat droplets, found in colostrum. D.'s test, if urine containing pus is mixed with a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hydrate and strongly shaken, a lumpy hyaline mass is formed through which air-bubbles rise very slowly; also called DonnS-Mueller test [Edward Mueller]. Don'ovan's solu'tion [Edward Donovan, English pharmacist, 1798— 1837.] Liquor arseni et hy- drargyri iodidi. dope (dop) [Dutch doop, sauce.] i. Any drug, either stimulating or stupefying (o) administered to man or animal for its temporary effect, or (6) taken habitually. 2 To administer dope (10). 3. To be addicted to some drug. Slang in all senses. Dopp'ler's phenom'enon (Christian Doppler, Austrian mathematician, 1803-1853.] The pitch of a. whistle on a locomotive or other rapidly moving body is higher when the machine is approaching the listener; the principle is the same in regard to light as to sound. doiaphobia (do-rah-fo'bl-ah) [G. dora, hide, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of touching the skin or ftir of animals. Dorendorf's sign (dor'en-dorf) H. Dorendorf, German physician, *i866.] Fulness of one supraclavicular groove in case of aneurysm of the aortic arch. dormigene (dor'mi-jen) [L. dormire, to sleep, -|- G. gennao, I produce. ] Trade name of a British make of bromural. dor'miol. Chloralamylene hydrate. v doTsabdom'inal. Relating to the back and the abdomen. dor'sad [L. dorsum, back, -I- ad, to.] Toward or in the direction of the back. dor'sal [L. dorsalis.] Relating to the back. dorsal'gia [L. dorsum, back, + G. algos, pain.] Notalgia, pain in the back. dorsicor'nu [L. dorsum, back, -f- cornu, horn.] The posterior, or dorsal, cornu, or horn, of the spinal cord. dor'siduct [L. dorsum, back, + ducere, to draw.] To draw backward or toward the back. dorsiflexion (dor-sl-flek'shun). Bending toward the back; noting flexion of the foot, the dorsum approaching the leg, which, by analogy with the hand, would be called extension. dorsim'esal. Relating to the dorsimeson. dor'simeson [L. dorsum, back, + G. mesos, middle.] The dorsal border of the meson, or median plane of the body. dorsiscapular (dor"s!-skap'u-lar). Relating to the dorsal surface of the scapula. dorsispinal (dor"si-spi'nal). Relating to the spinal column, especially to its dorsal aspect, d. veins, veins forming a plexus around the arches and processes of the vertebras. dorsoanterior (dor-so-an-te'ri-or). With the back directed forward, noting a position of the fetus in utero with its back directed toward the anterior abdominal wall of the mother. dorsoceph'alad [L. dorsum, back, + G. kephall, head, H- L. ad, to.] Toward the occiput, or back of the head. 19 doisodynia (dor-so-din'J-ah) [L. dorsum, back, + G. odyne, pain.] Notalgia, muscular rheuma- tism of the upper part of the back. dorsolat'eral. Relating to the back and the side. dorsoposterioT (dor-so-pos-te'rl-or). Having the back directed backward, noting the position of the fetus in utero, with its back toward the back of the mother. dorsoven'trad [L. dorsum, back, + venter, belly.] In a, direction from the dorsal to the ventral aspect. dor'sum, gen. dorsi, pi. dorsa [L. back.] 1. The • back. 2. The upper or posterior surface, or the back, of any part. d. ephip'ii, d. sellee. d. ma'nus, the back of the hand. d. na'si, the ridge of the nose, looking forward and upward. d. pe'dis, the back, or upper surface, of the foot. d. pe'nis, the aspect of the penis opposite to that of the urethra, d. scap'ulse, the posterior surface of the scapula, d. sell'ae, a square portion of bone on the body of the sphenoid posterior to the sella turcica, or fossa hypophyseos dosage (do'sej). i. The giving of medicine or other therapeutic agent in prescribed amounts. 2. The determination of the proper dose of a remedy. dose [G. dosis.] The quantity of a drug or other remedy to be taken or applied all at one time or in fractional amounts within a given period. In homeopathy, the dilution or attenuation of the remedy, and the number of times the remedy is to be given, dai'ly d., the total amount of a remedy which is to be taken within twenty-four hours, divi'ded do'ses, fractional amounts, given at intervals, of the entire dose of a remedy. le'thal d., one likely to cause death, max'imuni d., the largest amount of a drug which an adult can take with safety, mln'imum d., the smallest amount of a drug which will produce a phys- iological effect in an adult. dosimet'ric. Relating to dosimetry, d. sys'tem, a system of medical practice in which the remedies used are for the most part alkaloids, made into granules of definite minimmn dose, to be given at short and regular intervals. dosim'etry [G. dosis, dose, + meiron, measure.J Practice of medicine by the dosimetric* system, do'sis [G. a giving.] Dose ; the amount of a medicine or other therapeutic agent which is to be taken at one time or within a stated period, d. curati'va, the smallest dose of a specific remedy which will effect a cure. d. refrac'ta, broken dose, divided dose, fractional dose ; a definite fraction of a full dose of a remedy; it is given repeatedly at short intervals, so that the full dose is taken within a specified period, d. tolera'ta, the largest dose of a remedy which the animal organism will accept without the production of injurious symptoms. do'tage, do'tardness. The mental weakness of extreme old age. dothienenteria (do"the-en-en-te'ri-ah) [G. dothien, a boil, -1- enteron, intestine.] Dothienenteritis, dothinenteria, dothinenteritis, typhoid* fever. doub'let. A combination of two lenses designed to correct the chromatic and spherical aberration. Woll'aston d., a d. in the eyepiece of a microscope. douche (doosh) [Fr. doucher, to pour.] i. A current of water, gas, or vapor directed against the surface or projected into a cavity. 2. An instrument for giving a douche. 3. To apply a douche. Scotch d., a d. of hot and cold water alternately applied. Tiv'oli d., the application of a hot d. to the abdo- men of one lying in a bath of cooler water. Doug'las's cul-de-sac [James Douglas, English anat- omist, 1675-1742.] Excavatio rectouterina DOUGLAS'S CUL-DE-SAC 290 DREUW'S METHOD [BNA]. D.'s fold, plica rectouterina[BNA]. D.'s line, linea semicircularis [BNA]. D.'s pouch. D.'s cul-de-sac. D.'s sep'tum, the junction of Rathke's folds in the fetus, forming the rectum. Douglas's mech'anism [John C. Douglas, Irish ob- stetrician, 1777-1850.] A mode of spontaneous version sometimes occurring in cases of trans- verse presentation. douglasltis (dug-las-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the vagina limited more or less strictly to Douglas's cul-de-sac' dounda'ke bark. Dundaki bark. dourine (doo'ren) [Fr.] Mai de coit; a trypanoso- miasis of horses, conveyed by the sexual act ; it is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, and is characterized by inflammation of the genitals, glandular swelling, and paralysis of the hind quarters. Do'ver's pow'der [Thomas Dover, English physician and navigator, 1660-1742.] Pulvis ipeoacuanhae compositus (Br.), pulvis ipecacuanhas et opii (U.S.) ; the original formula was opium and ipecac of each 10, niter and potassium sulphate of each 40. syr'up of D.'s p., syrupus ipecacuanhae et opii (N.F). dow'el. A pin for fastening together two pieces of stone or wood; in dentistry a peg for fastening an artificial crown to the natural root of a tooth- Downes sep'arate-u'rine sy'phon [Andrew J. Downes, American physician, contemporary.] An instru- ment for obtaining the urine from each ureter separately; it consists of a lever in the rectum which is pressed against the bladder making ti central ridge; on each side of this ridge is a per- forated curved beak attached to a catheter through which the urine on that side is syphoned away as soon as it enters the bladder. Dox'tatter's min'eral well, N. Y. Saline-sulphur- eted calcic waters. Aperient. Doyen's opera'tion (dwi-yahn') [Eugene Louis Doyen, Paris surgeon, 1859—1916.] Eversion of the sac in the treatment of hydrocele. D.'s se'rum, a serum alleged to be curative of cancer. DoySre's em'inence or hil'lock (dwS-yair') [Louis Doykre, French physiologist, 1811— 1863.] A slight elevation at the point where a nerve-fiber enters muscle; the type of a motor-nerve ending in insects ; called also D.^s papilla or tujt. D.P. Abbreviation of Doctor of Pharmacy. D.P.H. Abbreviation of Doctor or Diploma of Public Health. D.R. Abbreviation of reaction of degeneration. drachm (dram) [G. drachme, an ancient Greek weight equivalent to about 66^ grains.] Dram. dracontiasis (dra-kon-ti'a-sis). Infestation with the guinea-worm. dracontium (dra-kon'-shyum) [G. drahon, dragon.] Skunk-cabbage, stinking hellebore, coUard; the rhizome and roots of Spathyema fcetida {Symplo- carpus fcetidus, DraconHum fasiidum), a common plant in the swamps of North America ; said to be a sialogogue, antispasmodic, and narcotic, in doses of gr, 10—20 (0.6-1.3). Dracun'culus (L. dim. of draco, serpent.] A genus of Nematoda, formerly included in Filaria. D. lo'a, Filaria loa. D. medinen'sis [L. of Medina], D. persa'rum [L. of the Persians], Filaria medin- ensis. D. oc'uli, Filaria loa. draft. Draught, i. A current of air in a confined space. ^. A quantity of liquid medicine, greater than can be taken in one swallow, ordered as a single dose, black d., inf usum sennse compositum. d. of Rive'rius, liquor sodii citratis. dragee (drS-zha') [Fr.] A sugar-coated pill or capsule. Drag'endoifi's test[Johann Georg i^oelDragendorjf, German physician and pharmaceutical chemist, 1836-1898.] For bile: a play of colors is pro- duced by adding a drop of nitric acid to white filter paper or unglazed porcelain, moistened with a fluid containing bile pigments. drag'on's blood. Resina draconis. drain (dran) [A.S. drehnian, to draw off.] i. To draw off the fluid from a cavity, especially to provide for its exit immediately it is formed. 2. An arrangement, in the shape of a tube or wick, for removing the fluid as it collects in a cavity, especially a wound cavity, cigarette' d., a wick of gauze wrapped in rubber tissue, providing cap- illary drainage.* Mik'ulicz d., see Mikulicz. stab d., a d. passed into the cavity through a puncture made at a dependent part away from the wound of operation, , designed to prevent infection of the wound. drainage (dra'nej). The continuous withdrawal of pus and other fluids from a wound or other cavity. cap'illary d., d. by means of a wick of gauze, horse- hair, or other material, through d., d. obtained by the passage of a perforated tube, open at both extremities, through a cavity; in addition to pro- viding for the escape of fluids, this allows for the washing out of the cavity by the forcing of water through the tube. dram [see drachm^ Drachm, a unit of weight; J ounce, 60 grains, apothecaries' weight; j'j ounce, 27.34 grains, avoirdupois weight. drapetomania (drS-pe-to-ma'nl-ah) [G. drapetes, a runaway, + mania, frenzy.] Vagabondage, dromomania; an uncontrollable or insane im- pulsion to wander. drastic (dras'tik) [G. drastikos, active.] i. Act- ing powerfully. :j. A powerful purgative. draught. Draft. dread. To fear greatly, to apprehend. 2. An extreme fear or apprehension. dream (drem). A series of fantastic, more or less coordinate ideas or images, formed in the mind during sleep. dream-pain. Hypnalgia. dream -work. The process by which the change from latent to manifest content of a dream is effected. Drech'sel's test [Edmund Drechsel, Swiss chemist 1843-1897.] For bile: the suspected fluid is heated with a mixture of sugar and phosphoric acid, whereupon a reddish brown color is pro- duced if bile is present. drench. In veterinary practice, a draught of medi- cine forced down the throat of an animal. drench'ing-hom. A horn-shaped receptacle used for giving a drench. drepanid'ium [G. drepanS, a sickle.] A young, sickle- shaped or crescentic form of a gregarine. dres'ser. In Great Britain, a surgical exteme or interne, one whose duty it is to dress wounds, etc. dress'ing. The material applied to a wound for the purpose of excluding the air, stimulating repair, etc. antisep'tic d., a. d. of gauze impreg- nated with bichloride of mercury, carbolic acid, or other antiseptic, occlu'sive d., one which hermetically seals a wound, wa'ter d., an application of gauze, cotton, or other material which is kept wet with sterilized water. Dress'ler's disease'. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. Dreuw's method (droiv) [Dreuw, German derma- tologist, contemporary.] A method of treatment of lupus by freezing the part and then rubbing in hydrochloric acid. IIBBLE 291 DRUG btle. To drool, slaver, drivel. To fall in dropsi IS the urine from a distended bladder. tburg, Prussia (dre'boorg). Alkaline-chalyb- sate-carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drink- ng and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, diseases of ;he nervous system, catarrhal conditions, women's iiseases, urinary disorders, renal diseases, gout, ind rheumatism. May i to October 15. igalski-Conradi agar (dre-gahl'ske-kon-rah'de a'gar) [W. v. Drigalski, German bacteriologist, *i87i ; Heinrich Conradi, German bacteriologist.] See under agar. 11. I. To make a hole in bone or other hard sub- stance. :s. An instrument for making a hole in bone or in a tooth. ip-sheet. A cool, wet sheet wrapped around the body, the patient standing in a basin of warm water. roitwich, England (droyt'ich). Saline waters. Used by bathing in rheumatism, gout, gonorrheal arthritis, peripheral neuritic palsies, chorea, tabes, women's diseases, debility, and traumatic cases. Open the entire year. o'mograph [G. dromos, a running, + graphs, I record.] An instrument for recording the rap- idity of the blood circulation. omomania (drom-o-ma'nl-ah) [G. dromos, a run- ning, + mania, frenzy.] Drapetomania, vaga- bondage. omotrop'ic [G. dromos, a miming, + tropikos, relating to a turn.] Influencing the conductivity of nerves, neg'atively d., diminishing, and pos'itively d., increasing nerve conductivity. ■op[A.S.dro^^a».] 1. To fall in globules. 2.Topour liquid from a container in separate globules, not in a continuous stream. 3.1 A globule of liquid that falls from a container. 4. TJie smallest co- herent mass of a liquid that falls from a container, regarded as a unit of measure; equivalent in the case of water to about i minim. 5. A liquid medicine dosed in drops (see drops'). 6. A solid confection in globular form, usually directed to be allowed to dissolve in the mouth, a'ge du., liquor potassii arsenitis. black d,, acetum opii. d. serene', gutta serena, amaurosis, hang'ing d., a drop of liquid on the under surface of the ob- ject glass for examination under the microscope ; see drop culture.* hon'est drops, drops of blood which exude and fall spontaneously (without pressure or suction) from the congested finger- tip when pricked; a term employed by opso- nists. rop-cul'ture. Hanging drop culture.* rop-finger. Flexion of the terminal phalanx of a foiger, with loss of the power of extension, due to rupture of the extensor tendon near its inser- tion into the base of the distal phalanx, or to paralysis of the extensor muscle. rop-foot. Paralysis of the dorsal flexor muscles of the foot, as a consequence of which the foot falls, the toes dragging on the groimd in walking; dangle foot. rop-jaw. The paralytic stage of rabies in the dog (dumb-madness- or suUen rabies), so called from one of its most characteristic symptoms. rop-hand. Wrist-drop. rop-heart. Cardioptosis. rop-phalangette (fal-an-jef). Drop-finger. ropp'ing. Limping of a horse with elbow-disease. rops. A popular term for a medicine taken in doses measured by drops, usually a tincture, or applied by dropping, as a coUyrium. eye d., coUyrium. hot d., tinctura capsici et myrrhffi (N.P.). pec'toral d., tinctura peotoralis. stom'- ach d., a stomachic tonic, usually tincture of gentian, alone or with other stomachics. drop'sical. Relating to or suffering from dropsy. dropsy (drop'sl) [G. hydrops."] Hydrops; an ex- cessive accumulation of clear watery fluid in any of .the tissues or cavities of the body; variously called, according to its character and location, edema, anasarca, ascites, hydrothorax, hydro- pericardium, etc. car'diac d., (i) hydropericar- dium; (2) dropsy consequent upon heart disease.' cuta'neous d., edema, epidem'ic d., a disease which has been observed in epidemic outbreaks in India and Mauritius; it is marked by dropsy, anemia, and a mild fever; the mortality in the observed epidemics varied from 2 to 8 per cent. re'nal d., dropsy consequent upon kidney disease. sleep'ing d., sleeping-sickness, subcuta'neous d., anasarca, edema, wet d., beriberi. abdomen, ascites, hydroperitoneuni, hydrocelia, amnion, hydramnios. brain and membranes, hydro- cephalus, hydrencephalus, hydromeninx, hydrocra- nium, wet-brain, chest, hydrothorax. conjunctiva, chemosis. ear, hydrotis, hydrotympanum, hydroi myringa, hydromyrinx, otohydrops, othydrops. eye, hydrophthalmia, hydrophthalmus. eyelid, blephar- edema. Fallopian tube, hydrosalpinx, fingen, dac- tyledema. foot, podedema. gall-bladder, hydroohole- cystis. general, anasarca, nydroncus, hydrosarca.' heart, hydropericardium, hydrocardia. joints, hy- drarthrosis, kidney, hydronephrosis, nephredema. larynx, edema glottidis. lungs, pneumonedeipa.; ovary, hydroarium, hydrovarium. peripardium, hydropericardium. peritoneum, hydrpperitoneum, ECScites. scrotum, hydroscheocele. skin, edetna, hy- droderma, hygroderma. spermatic cord, hydj-ofcele. spinal cord, hydrorrhachis, hydrom^jeHa. thor^- hydrothorax. toes, dactyledema. tunica vaginalis, hydrocele, hydrorchis. tympanum, hydrotympanum. ureter, hydroureter. uterus, hydrometra. uvula, staphyledema, vagina, hydrocolpocele. dros'era [G. droseros, dewy.] (N.P.) Sundew, youth-wort. The dried plant, Drosera rotundi- folia, D. intermedia, or D. longifoUa, employed i n the treatment of chronic bronchitis and other respiratory affections, in doses of 3 1 (4. o) of the fluidextract. Drouot's plas'ter (droo-o') [Theophile Drouot, French oculist, "■1803.] A mixture of canthar- ides, mezereon, and resin. drow'siness [A.S. drusan, to become sluggish.] Sleepiness, somnolence. drow'sy. Sleepy, somnolent. drug. I. Any substance employed as a medicine in the treatment of disease. 2. To give medicine, usually with the sense of giving medicine in imnecessarily large quantities. 3. To narcotize. crude d., an unrefined drug, the whole drug with all its ingredients, in distinction from an extract, tincture, or other preparation or from its alkaloids or other active principles, d. addic'tion, habituation to the use of a drug, the deprivation of which gives rise to symptoms of distress, abstinence or withdrawal symptoms, and an irresistible impulsion to take the drug again; pharmacopsychosis. d. disease', (i) morbid symptoms caused by a drug and not by the disease for the cure of which that drug is given. (2) in homeopathy the aggregate of symptoms noted in the proving of a drug, which symptoms, when caused by a natural disease, are indica- tions for the administration of small doses or high potencies of the same drug. d. erup'tion, dermatitis medicamentosa. d.-£ast, noting mi- croorganisms which are resistant to the action of any medicament, such as mercury or quinine, present in the circulating blood, d. treat'ment, pharmacotherapy, the use of drugs, as distin- DRUG 292 DUCT guished from water, air, heat, electricity, and other natural forces, exercise, diet, etc., in the treatment of disease. drum. The tympanum of the ear. drum'head, drum-mem'brane. Membrana tympani. Dnim'mond's sign [David Dru-mmond, English physician, 19th century.] A puffing sound, syn- chronous with the cardiac systole, heard from the nostrils, the mouth being closed, in certain cases of aortic aneurysm. Drum'mond-Mor'ison opera'tion [David Drummond; Rutherford Morison, English surgeon, *i8s3.] An operation to establish anastomoses between the systemic and portal venous system to relieve ascites; it consists in opening the abdominal cavity, scrubbing with a sponge the peritoneum of the liver and spleen and the corresponding portions of the parietal peritoneum, and suturing the omentum across the abdominal wall. drum'stlck-bacill'us. j. The tetanus bacillus, which lias a spore at one end, giving it a fancied resemblance to a drumstick; also B. putrificus, which is a similar spore-bearing bacillus. drum'stick-fingeis. Hippocratic fingers. drunk'enness. Alcoholic intoxication. drupe [G. drypepes, overripe.] A succulent indehis- cent fruit, in which the pericarp is fleshy and the endocarp indurated, containing the seed within, such as a cherry. Diys'dale's cor'puscles [Thomas Murray Drysdale, Philadelphia gynecologist, 1831-1904.] Certain formed elements in the fluid of an ovarian cyst, alleged to be pathognomonic. D.t. Abbreviation for duration tetany.* DTN. Abbreviation for diphtheria toxin normal; a diphtheria toxin of which j^ c.c. will kill a standard guinea-pig, weighing 250 grams, in three or four days is marked DTN' ; that of which .j'j- c.c. is the minimal lethal dose is marked DTN.] Vulvitis; balanitis. ede'ma, oede'ma [G. oidema, a swelling.] An ab- normal acctunuiation of clear watery fluid in the lymph spaces of the tissues; dropsy, hydrops. angioneurot'ic e., -urticaria gigans, a disorder in which tense, circumscribed, edematous swellings appear suddenly, usually on the face or upper extremities, and last from two or three hours to as many days; the affection is a vasomotor dis- turbance, due probably to a toxemia, blue e., e. occurring in hysteria in which the skin of the part is cyanotic, brown e., e. of the lungs associated with the congestive induration of chronic valvular disease of the heart, bul'lous e., a reddened, swollen appearance of the ureteral Edebohls' Position. orifice in the bladder wall, frequently observed in tuberculosis of the ureter, cachec'tic e., e occurring in diseases characterized by hydre- mia, cir'cumscribed e., angioneurotic o. col- lat'eral e., c. occurring in the functioning one of two paired organs when the other is diseased or in- active, e. ex- vac'uo, an increase of fluid in a cavity -with unyielding walls, such as the skull or spinal canal, when part of the contents has become atrophied, e. frig'idum, non-inflam- matory c. e. neonato'nim, a diffuse, firm e. occurring in the newborn; it begins usually in the legs and spreads upward, and is commonly fatal, gas'eous 'e., subcutaneous emphysema. hydre'mic e., c occurring in states marked by pronounced hydremia. inflain'matoTy e., (1) a swelling due to eilusion of fluid in the soft parts surrounding a focus of inflammation; (2) an abortive inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, marked by lymphatic stagnation or con- gestion, lymphat'ic e., e. due to stasis in the lymph channels, malig'nant «., a form of anthrax* in which the eyelids, lips, and other parts of the face, the neck, and the upper ex- tremities are the seats of marked edema, -with an eruption of vesicles and bulte, which is prone to become gangrenous ; the constitutional symp- toms are those characteristic of extreme sepsis. maran'tic e., cachectic e. non-inflamm'atory e., simple e. , due to mechanical or other causes, not marked by inflammation or congestion, solid e., infiltration of the subcutaneous tissues by mucoid material, as in myxedema. edematization (e-dem-at-i-za'shun). Making edem- atous edem'atous. Dropsical, hydropic, marked by edema. edentulous (e-den'tu-lus) [L. e, out, -I- dens(dent-), tooth.] Toothless. edeology, sedoeology (e-de-ol'o-jl) [G. aidoia, ex- ternal genitals, -|- -logia.] The branch of science which deals with the genital organs, their anatomy, physiology, diseases, etc. edes'tin. A globulin derived from the eastor-oil bean, hemp-seed, and other seeds, soluble in neutral solutions but insoluble in water. edible (ed'i-bl) [L. edere, to eat.] Pit for food; that can be eaten. Edinger's law (ed'ing-er) [Ludwig Edinger, German anatomist, 1855-1918.] The normal and mode- rate functioning of a neuron favors growth, but excessive function results in atrophy. E.'s nu'cleus, the dorsal acoustic nucleus, tuber- culum* acusticum. Ed'inger-Westphal nu'cleus (ed'ing-er-vest'fahl) [Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German neurol- ogist, 1833-1890.] An accessory bulbar nucleus of the motor oculi or third nerve. ed'ipism [CEdipus, King of Thebes, who unwittingly killed his father and afterward tore out his eyes because they had betrayed him in not revealing his father before he slew him.] Self-infliction of injury to the eyes,, usually an attempt at evulsion. Ed'lefsen's rea'gent [Gustav Julius Friedrich Ferdi- nand Edlefsen, German physician, *i842.] An alkaline permanganate solution used in the determination of sugar in the urine. Ed'ridge-Green the'ory of color blindness [F. W. Edridge-Green, English ophthalmologist, con- temporary.] The ray of light decomposes the visual purple which forms a photograph and chemically stimulates the cones whereby a visual impulse is set up and conveyed to the brain ; the defect in color sense is situated in the brain centers which are not sufficiently developed to appreciate the differences in wave length (color) of the rays of light. Ed'sall's disease' [David Linn Edsall, Boston physi- cian, *i869.] Heat cramp. ed'ucated [L. educare, to educate.] So modified as to be insusceptible to the poison of a specific in- fection, denoting the condition of the phagocytes in cases of acquired immunity. e'duct. An extract. edulcorant (e-dul'ko-rant) [see edulcorate.] i. Sweetening, renderipg less acrid. 2. A drug which has this action upon the fluids of the body. edulcorate (e-dul 'co-rat) [L. dulcedo, sweetness; edulcorare ( ?) , to sweeten. ] i . To sweeten or render less acrid. 2. In chemistry to purify by washing out salts or acids. effect' [L. effectus; efficere, to accomplish.] The result or consequence of an action, con'trary e., Hata's* phenomenon. effector (^-fek'tor). Sherrington's term for one of the nerve-endings within the muscles, glands, etc.; distinguished from receptor. eff'erent [L. effere, to. bring out.] i. Conducting (fluid or a nerve impulse) outward or centrif- ugally. An efferent nerve, vessel, or duct. effervesce (ef-ur-ves') [L. effervescere, to boil up. To boil up or form bubbles rising to the surface of a fluid in large numbers. EFFERVESCENT 30s EICKEN'S METHOD effervescent (ef-ur-ves'ent) i. Boiling, bubbling, effervescing. 2. Causing to effervesce, as an e. powder. 3. Tending to effervesce when freed from pressure, as an e. solution. effleurage (ef-fler-azh') [Fr. effleurer, to touch lightly.] A stroking movement in massage. efBoresce (ef-fior-es') [L. efflorescere, to blossom.] To become powdery by losing the water of crys- tallization on exposure to a dry atmosphere. efflores'cence. The process of efflorescing. efflores'cent. Noting a crystalline body which gradually changes to a powder by losing its water of crystallization when exposed to the air. efflu'vium [L. a flowing out.] An exhalation, espe- cially one of bad odor or injurious influence. effort syndrome (effort sin'drSm). Palpitation, dizziness, short breath, fatigue, and precordial pain following moderate exertion in the subjects of irritable heart. effuse (e-fiis') [L. effusus; effundere, to pour out.] Thin and widely spread, noting the surface character of a bacterial culture. effusion (e-fu'zhun) [L. effusus; effundere, to pour out.] I. The escape of fluid from the blood- vessels or lymphatics into the tissues or a cavity 2. The flmd effused. egesta (e-jes'tah) [L egestus; egerere, to cast out ] Excreta, dejecta. egg [A.S. «Bg.] The female sexual cell ; especially that of birds and certain reptiles which is devel- oped outside the body of the parent and which is provided with a protective shell and a, mass of albuminous and fatty material designed for the nourishment of the embryo. The naked egg of mammals, developing within the body of the mother, is usually called ovum, holoblas'tic e., one the whole of the yolk of which undergoes segmentation and enters directly into the forma- tion of the embryo, meroblas'tic e., one the yolk of which consists largely of nutrient material which does not enter directly into the formation of the embryo. egg-albu'min. The albumin occurring in the white of egg, resembling in many respects serum, albumin. egg-ball. One of the clumps of germinal cells, containing the primitive ova, resulting from the breaking up of the egg-tubes, and later developing into the folliculus oophorus primarius. Eggleston meth'od (eg'1-stun). Rapid digitaliza- tion by means of large doses of the drug fre- quently repeated. egg-nest. Egg-ball. egg'shell. The calcareous envelope of a bird's egg; testa ovi. egg-tubes. Pfluger's* tubes (i). egilops, ffigilops (e'jJ-lops) [G. aigilops, a lacrymal fistula.] A swelling, abscess, or fistula at the inner canthus of the eye. eglan'dulous. Without glands. Egli's glands (eg'H) . Mucous glands of the ureter. eg'mol. Trade name of an emulsion of olive oil with egg and brandy. egobronchophony (e"go-bron-kof'o-nl) [G. aix (0%-), goat, + bronchos, bronchus, + phone, voice.] Egophony with bronchophony. egocentric (eg"o-sen'trik) [G. ego, I, + kentron, center.]' Marked by extreme concentration of attention upon oneself. egocentricity (eg-o-sen-tris'i-te). The condition of being egocentric. e'gols. A class of stable mercurial parasulphon- ates in combination with cresol, .phenol, or thymol; they occur in the form of reddish- brown powders, I odorless, tasteless, and non- irritant, possessing marked bactericidal proper- ties; cresegol is the cresol compound, pkenegol* the phenol compound, and thymegol the thymol compound. egoma'nia. An insane, or extreme degree of, self- appreciation. egophonic (e-go-fon'ik). Relating to egophony, as egophonic resonance. egoph'ony, segoph'ony [G. aix(aig-), goat, -I- phone, voice.] Tragophony, a peculiar broken quality of the voice sounds, like the bleating of a goat, heard about the upper level of the fluid in cases of pleurisy with effusion. Egyp'tian chloro'sis. Ankylostomiasis. E. hema- tu'ria, bilharziasis. E. ophthal'mia, trachoma. Eh'renritter's ganglion [Johann Ehrenritter, Austrian anatomist, fiTPo.] Ganglion jugulare. Eh'ret's disease' [Heinrich Ehret, German physician, *i87o.] Paralysis, supposed to be functional, of the peronei muscles accompanied usually by contraction of their antagonists. E.'s phenom'- enon, a sudden throb felt by the finger on the brachial artery, as the pressure in the cuff falls after a blood-pressure estimation; said to indi- cate fairly accurately the diastolic pressure. Elirlich's ane'mia (air'likh) [Paul Ehrlich, German bacteriologist, 1854-1915.] Aplastic anemia.* E.'s cells, eosinophile* cells. E.'s hematox'ylin, hematoxylin, 2; glacial acetic acid, 10; alum, 35; glycerin, absolute alcohol, and water, 100 of each. E.'s inn'er bod'y, a round oxyphile body found in the red blood cell in case of hemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison. E.'s phenom'enon, the difference between the amount of diphtheria toxin which will exactly neutralize one unit of antitoxin and that which, added to one unit of antitoxin, will leave' one lethal dose free is greater than one lethal dose of toxin; in other words, it is neces- sary to add more than one lethal dose of toxin to a neutral mixture of toxin and antitoxin to make the mixture lethal. E.'s prepara'tion, salvarsan. E.'s reac'tion, diazo* reaction. E.'s side-chain the'ory, see under chain. E.'s stain, a solution of 11 per cent, fuchsin, gentian ■violet, or methylene blue in aniline water. E.'s the'orem, every specific microorganism has a specific chemical affinity which, when found and injected intravenously or intramuscularly into the infected host, will cure the disease caused by the microorganism. E.'s the'ory, side-chain* theory. E.'s triac'id stain, a mixture of indulin, nigrosin, and aurantia. E.'s trip'le stain, a mixture of saturated solu- tions of orange G, rubin S, and methyl-green 00, a differential leucocytic stain. Ehrlich-Hata prepara'tion (hah'tah) [Paul Ehrlich; S. Hata, Japanese physician and chemist, contem- porary.] Salvarsan, No. 606. Ehrmann's test (air'mahn) [Rudolph Ehrmann, German clinician, *i879.] Palmin* test. Eichhorst's cor'puscles (ikh'horst) [H. Eichhorst, Swiss physician of Zurich, *i849.] One of the globular forms sometimes seen in the poikilocy- tosis of pernicious anemia. E.'s neuri'tis, inter- stitial neuritis. E.'s type, femorotibial type of progressive muscular atrophy ■with contrac- ture of the toes. Eichstedt's disease' (ikh'stet) [Karl Ferdinand Eich- stedt, German physician, 1816-1893.] Pityriasis versicolor. Eicken's meth'od (i'ken) [Karl von Eicken, German laryngologist, *i873.] Facilitation of hypo- EICKEN'S METHOD 306 ELBOWED pharyngoscopy by means of forward traction on the cricoid cartilage by a laryngeal probe. eiconom'eter, eikonom'eter (i-ko-nom'e-ter) [G. eikon, image, + meiron, measure.] An instru- ment for determining the magnifying power of a microscope, or the size of a microscopic object. eidoptom'etiy (i-dop-tom'e-tri) [G. eidos, form, + opiikos, referring to vision, + metron, measure.] Measurement of the visual powers as regards the perception of form. eighth nerve. Portio mollis, auditory nerve, nervus* acusticus. ei'gon. A compound of albumin and iodine, used as a substitute for tincture of iodine, and as an antiseptic dusting powder. eiloid (i'loyd) [G. eilo, I roll up, + eidos, appear- ance.] Resembling a coil or roll. Eilsen, Germany. Saline chalybeate-sulphurous- carbonated waters. Also sulphur mud baths. Cold. Seven springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, catarrh of the res- piratory organs, asthma, neurasthenia, chlorosis, neuritis, neuralgia, metallic poisonings, paralysis, and skin diseases. May 15 to September 5. Eime'ria. A supposed genus of protozoan organ- isms, really coccidia in the asexual or schizogonic cycle, often therefore called the Eimerian cycle. Einhom's saccharim'eter (in'hom) [Max Einhorn, New York gastrologist of Russian birth, *i862.] An Instrument for carrying out the fermentation test for sugar In the urine. E.*s test, a measure of gastric and intestinal digestion; beads with various food substances attached are swallowed, and are recovered from the feces ; the time of the discharge of the beads and the degree of digestion of the attached food substances furnish indica- tions of the functional condition of the digestive organs. Einthoven's string galvanom'eter (int'ho-fen) [W. Einthoven, Prof, of Physiology, University of Leydeu, *i86o.] See Electrocardiograph. eisanthema (is-an-the'mah) [G. eis, in, -h anthema, anthed, I bloom.] Enanthema. Eisenlohr's symp'tom-com'plez (i'zen-lor) [Carl Eisenlohr, German physician, 1847- 1896.] Numbness and weak- ness in the extremities, par- alysis of the lips, tongue, and palate, and dysarthria. eisod'ic. Isodic. Eitelberg's test (i'tel-berg) [Abraham Eitelberg, Austrian physician, *i847.] For de- termining the integrity of the sound-conducting apparatus of the ear: a tuning-fork is held near the ear for a few seconds at intervals of two or three minutes; if the sound- conducting function is im- paired, the perception of the sound grows fainter at each application. eiwelssmilch (i'vis-milkh) [Ger. egg-albumin milk.] A special milk preparation containing an extra proportion of casein with calcium oxide and a reduced amount of lactose, employed in digestive and nutritional disturbances in infants. ejacula'tion [L. ejaculari, to throw out.] The emission of the seminal fluid. ejac'ulatory. Relating to an ejaculation. ejec'ta [L. ejicere, to throw out.] Egesta, deiecta. Einhorn's Saccharimeter. ekiri (S-ke're). A severe form of infantile dysen- tery occurring in Japan. elabora'tion [L. elaborare, to work out.] The change in a substance fitting it for assimilation, sec'- ondary e., in a dream analysis, the bringing into orderly arrangement of the bizarre elements and inconsistencies of the dream content. elaeomyenc^ysis (el"e-o-mi-en'ki-sis) [G. elaion, oil, -|- mys, muscle, + enchysis, a pouring in.] Injection of oil into the muscles for the relief of spasm. elseop'tene. Eleoptene. elsosaccharum (el-e-o-sak'ar-um), pi. elieosacchara [G. elaion, oil, + sakcharon, sugar.] (P.G.) Oleo- saccharum (N.F.). elaiopathia (el-a-o-path^-ah) [G. elaion, oil, -|- pathos, suffering.] Eleopathy. elarson (el-ar'son). Trade name of strontium chlorarsenobehenolate, a white insoluble tasteless powder recommended in the treatment of anemia, chlorosis, chorea, and various diseases of the skin, in doses of gr. J (0.008) three or four times a day. elas'tic [G. elastikos.] Having the property of returning to the original shape after being com- pressed, bent, or otherwise distorted. elas'tica. i. India rubber, rubber, caoutchouc (Br.), the inspissated juice of several species of Hevea, rubber-tree, called in commerce pure Para rubber; employed in the manufacture of bandages, plasters, etc. 2. (sc. tunica, coat.) The elastic membrane in the wall of an artery. elas'ticin. Elastin. elasticity (e-las-tisl-t!). The property of being elastic, or of resuming the original shape upon the cessation of any distorting force. elas'tin. An albuminoid, or scleroprotein, present especially in yellow elastic fibrous tissue. elas'toid degenera'tion. Hyaline degeneration of the elastic tissue of the arterial wall, seen; during involution of the uterus. elastom'eter [G meiron, measure.] A device for measuring the elasticity of any body or of the animal tissues. elastinase (e-las'tl-naz). A ferment acting upon elastin. elastose (e-las'toz). The product of the digestion of elastin. el'ater [G. elaier, one who hurls.] i. In botany, one of the dead fusiform cells of Hepaticce which loosen the spore masses as they escape from the capsule. 2. One of the four hygroscopic bands in Equisetacece, which disperse the spores while keeping them together in small groups. elateri'num (U.S. and Br.). Elaterin, a neutral principle, CjoHjgO,, obtained from elaterium, employed for the same purposes as elaterium, in doses of gr. -i^—^ (0.002-0.003). elaterium (el-a-te'rl-um) [G. elaterios, driving.] (Br.) The dried sediment from the juice of the fruit of Ecballium elaterium, squirting cuctimber; it is a hydragogue cathartic, used especially in renal dropsy, in doses of gr. \ (o.oi), el'bow [A.S. etebogo.] i. The joint between the arm and the forearm, the elbow-joint, z. An angiilar body resembling a flexed elbow; knee, bend of the e., chelidon, cubital fossa, capped e., a, serous cyst in the connective tissue of the elbow of the horse caused by the animal's lying upon his foot or the heel of his shoe, inflamma- tion of the e., anconitis, olecranarthritis, olecran- arthrocace, oleocranarthropathy. point of the e., olecranon. el'bow-bone. Ulna elbowed (el'bed). Angular, kneed. ELBOW-JERK 307 ELECTROLYSIS elTjow-jerk. Triceps reflex.* el'bow-joint. Articulatio cubiti, elbow, the articu- lation between the humerus and the ulna. elbow-lameness (el'bo-lam"nes). Lameness in the horse most commonly due to disease of the joint, sprain of the lateral ligaments, or rupture of the triceps muscle. el'der. Sarabucus,* the dried flowers of Sambucus canadensis. elecampane (el-e-kam-pan'). Inula, the root of Inula helenium. Elec'tra-com'plex [Elekira, daughter of Agamemnon, whose love for her murdered father led her to con- nive at the assassination of her mother by whom the father had been killed. ] Father complex, a complex of hysterical symptoms thought to be due to the suppressed sexual love of a young woman for her own father; opposite of CEdipus* complex. electrargol (e-lek-trar'gol) . Trade name of a sus- pension of colloidal silver prepared by electrolysis. elec'tric, elec'trical. Relating to electricity. electricity (e-lek-tris'I-tJ) [L. electrum, G. elekiron, amber, friction of which produces electricity.] A form of energy, of unknown nature, the cause of manifold "electrical" phenomena — light, heat, attraction, repulsion, etc. Two forms are dis- tinguished — resting or static e., and flowing, cur- rent, or dynamic e.; it is produced by friction, chemical action, or induction. Electricity is positive or vitreous, that produced by rubbing glass with silk, the e. of the glass being positive, that of the silk negative; or negative or resinous, produced by rubbing sealing-wax or amber with flannel or silk, the e. of the amber or sealing-wax being negative, that of the flannel or silk positive. Static e. (see franklinism), is produced by friction ; galvanic e. (see galvanism), by chemical action; faradic e. (see faradism), by electrical induc- tion; magnetic e., by magnetic induction (see dynamo'). chemical, galvanism, voltaism. decomposition by, electrolysis, element freed by, ion, anion, cation, execution by, electrocution, fear of, electrophobia. frictional, franklinism, static electricity, induced. faradism. introduction of remedies by, cataphoresis. units of measurement, ampfere, coulomb, dyne, erg, farad, joule, milliampfere, ohm, volt, watt, weber. elec'trify. To charge with electricity. electriza'tion. i . The act of electrifying. 2. Treat- ment by means of electricity. electro-. A prefix denoting electric or electricity. electroanesthesia (e-lek"tro-an-es-the'zi-ah). Anes- thesia produced by the LeDuc current. electrobiorogy \electro- -I- G. hios, life, -I- -logia.} Science in relation to electrical phenomena in the living organism. elec"trobios'copy [electro- + G. bios, life, -1- skoped, I examine.] The employment of electricity as a means of determining whether life is extinct or not. electrocar'diagram. Electrocardiogram. electrocar'diogram [electro- + G. kardia, heart, -f- gramma, a drawing.] A graphic representation of the varying somatic electric currents depending upon the cardiac pulsations. elec"trocar'diograph [electror + G. kardia, heart, + graphd, I write.] An instrument for recording the electrical changes caused by contraction of the heart muscle; it consists of a strong magnet with the poles near together, and suspended between them a fine platinum or silvered quartz thread; this thread deviates whenever a, current passes through it, and the shadow of its move- ments is magnified by a series of lenses and pro- jected by an arc light on a photographic plate. electrocardiog'raphy [electro- + G. kardia, heart, -I- grapho, I write.] A method of recording electrical currents set free in the heart muscle just previous to each heart beat; the machine employed is an electrocardiograph, and the result obtained an electrocardiogram . electrocardiophonog'raphy [«/«c/ro- -1-G. kardia.heart, + phone, sound, + graphd, I write.] A method of recording the heart sounds, the record being an electrocardiophonogram, or, more simply, an electrophonogram. electrocatai'ysis. Catalysis, or chemical decompo- sition, produced by electricity. electrocauterization (e-lek"tro-caw"ter-i-za'shun) . Cauterization by means of a platintun wire heated by the passage of a current of electricity. electrocautery (e-lek"tro-caw'ter-J[.) An instru- ment in which a platinum wire is heated by pass- ing an electric current through it, used for cau- terizing the tissues. electrochemical (e-lek-tro-kem'i-kal). Relating to electrochemistry. electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tri). Chemical reaction effected by means of electricity. electrocoagulation (e-lek"tro-ko-ag-u-la'shun). The hardening of tumors and diseased tissues by the passage through them of high-frequency currents ; diathermy. electrocontractil'ity. The power of contraction of muscular tissue in response to an electrical stim- ulus. electrocute (e-lek'tro-kilt) [electricity + execute.] To put to death by means of an electrical current. electrocu'tion. The carrying out of the death penalty by means of a powerful electrical current ; the legal method of execution of murderers in several of the United States. electrocystoscope (e-lek"tro-sis'to-sk5p). A cysto- scope provided with a minute electric light for illuminating the interior of the bladder. electrode (e-lek'tr5d) [electro- + G. odos, way.] One of the two extremities of an electric circuit; one of the two poles of an electric battery or of the ends of the conductors connected therewith. ac'tive e., therapeutic e. disper'sing e., indifferent e., silent e. exci'ting e., therapeutic e. indiff- erent e., silent e., the e. employed simply to com- plete the circuit, which exerts no therapeutic ef- fect, lo'calizing e., therapeutic e. neg'ative e., cathode, pos'itive e., anode, si'lent e., indif- ferent e. therapeu'tic e., the e. by means of which the therapeutic action of the electricity is obtained. eiectrodiagno'sis. Determination of the nature of a disease through observation of changes in elec- trical irritability. electrodiaph'any. Diaphanoscopy. elec"trodynamom'eter [electro- + G. dynamis, force, -I- metron, measure.] A device for determining the strength of an electrical current. electrogen'esis [G. genesis, production.] The pro- duction of electricity. elec"trohemos'tasis [electro- + G. haima, blood, + stasis, halt.] The arrest of hemorrhage by means of the electrocautery. elec'trolepsy. Bergeron's chorea, electric chorea(2). electrolithotrity (e-lek"tro-H-thot'rI-tI) [electro- + G. lithos, stone, + L. iritus; terere, to rub.] Elec- trolysis of a vesical calculus. electrol'ogy. Science in relation to electricity. electrol'ysis [electricity + G. lysis, solution.] Decom- position of a salt or other chemical compound or of certain of the body tissues by means of electricity. ELECTROLYTE 308 ELEPHANTIASIS electrolyte (e-lek'tro-lit) [G. elektron, amber (elec- tricity), + lytos, dissolved.] Any compound which, in solution, conducts a current o£ electric- ity and is decomposed by it. electrolyt'ic. Referring to or caused by electrolysis. electTolyzable (e-lek"tro-li'za-bl). The condition of an electrolyte, capable of being decomposed by means of an electric current. elec'trolyze. To decompose chemically by means of an electric current. elec'trolyzer. An apparatus for the treatment of strictures, fibromata, etc., by electrolysis. electroxnag'net. A bar of soft iron rendered mag- netic by an electric current encircling it. electromassage (e-lek"tro-mas-sazh'). Massage combined with the application of electricity. electrom'eter [G. meiron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical cur- rent. electromo'tive. Relating to the passage of elec- tricity in a circuit, or to motion produced by the electric current. elec"tromus'cular sensibil'ity. Sensibility of mus- cular tissue to stimulation by electricity. elec'trou. One of the negatively electrified corpus- cles or particles of ether adherent to, or contained in, and constituting in their aggregation the atom; in size they are estimated to be tetJVtt that of the hydrogen atom, emis'sion e., one of the electrons concerned in the radio- activity of the atom, free e., one of the elec- trons existing between the atoms of a metal to the presence of which the electrical conductiv- ity of the metal is due. va'Iency e., one of the electrons which take part in the chemical reaction of the atom. electroneg'ative. Relating to or charged with negative electricity. electropathorogy. The study of pathological con- ditions in their relation to electrical reactions. electrop'athy. Electrotherapeutics; especially the employment of electricity by charlatans. electrophore (e-lek'tro-for) [eleclricily + G. pharos, a bearer.] i. An appliance for obtaining electricity by induction, an electrophorus. 2. An electrode. electroph'orus. Electrophore. elec"tropho"tother'apy. Phototherapy in which the source of the rays is the electric light. electrophysiol'ogy. The branch of science which treats of physiological processes in relation to the production of electrical phenomena. electropositive (e-lek"tro-poz'i-tiv). Relating to or charged with positive electricity. electroprogno'sis. The prognosis in certain cases of disease, determined by the electrical reactions. electropunc'ture. The passage of an electrical cur- rent through needle electrodes piercing the tissues. electroradiometer (e-lek"tro-ra-dl-om'e-tur) [elec- tric + h. radius, ray, -|- G. metron, measure.] A modified electroscope designed for the differ- entiation of radiant energy. electroBcission (e-Iek'tro-sK-shun). Division of the tissues by means of an electrocautery knife. elec'troscope [G. skoped, I examine.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of electricity in the tissues or elsewhere. elec'trosol. Colloidal metal.* electroBtat'ic. Relating to static electricity. electrostatics. The branch of electrical science dealing with static electricity. electrosur'gery. The use of electricity in surgery. electrosyn'thesis [G. elektron, amber (whence elec- tricity), + synthesis, compounding.] Forming a compound by means of electrical action. electrotaz'is [electricity + G. taxis, orderly arrange- ment.] Reaction of plant or animal protoplasm to one or the other electric pole ; positive electro- taxis is that in which the living body Is attracted toward the cathode or repelled from the anode, negative electrotaxis is the reverse of this. electrothana'sia [electro- + G. thanatos, death.] Death caused by electricity. electrotherapeutics, electrotherapy (e-lek"tro-ther- S-pu'tiks, e-lek-tro-ther'S-pI) [electro- + iherapeia, treatment.] The employment of electricity in the treatment of disease. elec'trotherm [G. therme, heat.] A flexible sheet of resistance coils,- covered with felt, used for apply- ing heat to the surface of the body. electroton'ic. Relating to electrotonus. electrot'onus [electro- + G. tones, tension.] The condition of tonus in a muscle or nerve caused by the passage through it of an electrical current. electrotropism (e-lek-trot'ro-pizm) [electro- + G. trope, a turning.] Electrotaxis. elec'trozone. A disinfectant solution of ozone generated by the electrolysis of sea-water. electuary (e-lek'chu-a-rl) [G. ekleikios, licked up.] Confection. eleidin (^-le'I-din) [G. elaia, oil.] A deeply staining substance (possibly hyalin) forming the granules of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. element [L. elementum, a rudiment, beginning.] i. A simple substance, one which is incapable of being split up into other substances. 2. A cell or other indivisible anatomical structure. 3. Earth, air, fire, or water, formerly regarded as the principles of which all matter was composed. [For a list of the chemical elements with their symbols and atomic weights, see the Appendix.] acid'ulous e., an e. whose oxides unite with water to form acids only, never bases, amphoter'ic e., an e. one or more of whose oxides unite with water to form acids, others to form bases, anatomical c, any anatomical unit, such as a cell, bas'ylous e., an e. whose oxides unite with water to form bases only, never acids. electroneg'atiTe e., the element in an electrolyte which is attracted to the anode or positive pole. electropos'itiTe e.j the element in an electrolyte which is attracted to the cathode or negative pole, galvan'ic e., gal- vanic* cell, morpholog'ical e., anatomical e. sar'cous e., one of the plasmodia, or cell-syncitia, constituting the imit of muscular tissue. elemen'tary. 1. Relating to an element, simple, not compounded. 2. Rudimentary. elemi (el'e-mi). Manila elemi, a. fragrant resinous exudation from Canarium commune; employed in the preparation of stimulating plasters. eleom'eter [G. WaioM, oil, -H me/ron, measure.] An in- strument for determining the specific gravity of oils. eleomyenchysis (el"e-o-mi-en'ki-sis). Elaeomyen- chysis. eleopathic (el-e-o-path'ik) . Relating to or marked by eleopathy. eleopathy (el-e-op'&-thl) . Elaiopathia, a boggy swelling of the joints said to be due to a fatty deposit following contusion; or possibly a condition resulting from the injection of paraffin oil as a form of malingering. eleoptene (el-e-op'ten) [G. elaion, oil, +ptenos, fleet- ing.] The fluid or volatile portion of a volatile oil, as distinguished from its crystallizable por- tion, or stearoptene. eleosaccharum (el"e-o-sak'a-rum). Elaeosaccharum. elephan'tiac. Relating to elephantiasis. elephantiasis (el-e-fan-ti'a-sis) [G. elephas, elephant.] ELEPHANTIASIS 309 ELIXIR Barbados leg, pachydermia, hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to obstructed circulation in the blood or lymphatic vessels; called also e. Ar'abum, e, in'dica. congen'ital e., congenital enlargement of one or more of the limbs or other parts» due to dilatation of the lymphatics, e. asturien'sis, pellagra, e. Grseco'- nim, leprosy, c. ital'ica, pellagra, e. mol'lis, dermatolysis. e. telangiecto'des, hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous tissues accompanied by and dependent upon ciilatation of the blood- vessels. el'evator [L. elevare, to lift.] i. An instniment f or prying up a sunken part, as the depressed frag- ment of bone in fracture of the skull. 2. A den- tal instrument for extracting the root of a tooth. el'evator disease'. A form of pneumonoconiosis occurring in workers in grain elevators. Elgin Springs, Verfljoht. Alkaline-saline waters, 45° F. Used by drinking in chronic constipa- tion and in disorders of the blood. eliminant (e-lim'i~nant) [L. eliwdnans; eliminare, to turn out of doors.] i. Evacuant promoting excretion or the removal of waste, z. An agent which increases excretion. elimina'tion [L. eliminare, to ttum out,] Expulsion; removal of waste material from the body; the getting rid of anything. elinguation (e-ling-gwa'shun) [L. e^ out, + lingua, tongue.] The operation of removal of the tongue. elix'ir, pi. elixir* ia (e-lik'£ur) [Ar. eliksir, the philos- opher's stone,] A sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic liquid containing usually some active medicinal substance or serving as a vehicle for such in extemporaneous prescriptions. Three elixirs are official in the U.S.P., none in the B.P.. but the N.F. contains eighty-eight. e. acldi saficyi'ici, e, of salicylic acid; each dose of 3 1 (4 . o) contains gr. 5 (o . 3) of salicylic acid with potas- sium citrate in equal parts of glycerin and aromatic elixir; employed in rheumatism. e. ad'juvans, adjuvant elixir, e. glycyrrhizae (U.S.); employed as a vehicle to disguise the taste of saline or bitter remedies. . e. ama'rum, bitter elixir; contains extract of ab- sinth 2, oil-sugar of peppermint i, water 5, bitter tincture and aromatic tincture of each i; employed as a bitter tonic. e. ammo'nii bro'midi (N.F.), e. of ammonium bromide; each dose of 5i (4.0) contains gr. s (0.3). of ammonium bromide; nerve sedative and antispas- modic. e. ammo'nii valera'tis (N.F.), e. of ammonium valer- ate; each dose of 5 1 (4 . o) contains ammonium valerate gr. 2 (o- 13). and chloroform iir 5^ (0.0052), in aromatic elixir flavored with vanilla and colored red with com- pound tincture of cudbear; nerve sedative. e. ammo'nii valera'tis et quini'nae, e. of ammonium valerate and quinine; each dose of 3i (4-0) contains quinine hydrochloride gr. i (0.015) in e. of ammonium valerate; nerve sedative. e. amyg'dalse compos'itum (N.F.), compound elixir of almond; composed of oil of bitter almond 0.5. vanillin i.o, stronger orange-flower water 150, alcohol 50, syrup 20, distilled water to make 1000. e. ani'si (N.F.), e. of anise; contains anethol, oil of bitter almond, and oil of fennel in a mixture of alcohol 25, syrup 62 . 5, and water 12.5; employed as a vehicle and as a carminative for infants in doses of THJis e. a'pii graveolen'tis compos'itum, compound e. ot celery; each dose of 5i C4.0) contains fluidextract of celery seed, coca, kola, and viburnum prunifolium, of each iiE3f (o . 24), in a mixture of alcohol 12.5 and aro- matic elixir 87. S; nerve tonic. _ ^ , e. aromaficum (U.S.), aromatic elixir, simple eUxir; contains compound spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol, and water; employed as a vehicle. e. aromaficum ru'brum (N.F.), red aromatic elixir, e. aromaticum (U.S.) colored with cudbear. e. auran'tii ama'ri (N.F.), e. of bitter orange, pre- pared to displace e. curassao; oil of bitter orange 4, tincture of bitter orange peel 20, alcohol 300, stronger orange-flower water 20, syrup 400, distilled water to make 1000. e. auran'tii compos'itum, compound elixir of^orange, vinum aurantii compositum (N.F.); contains bitter orange peel, cassia, extracts of gentian, cascarilla, absinth, and menyanthes in sherry; used as a vehicle and as a tonic bitter. c. bismu'thi (N.F.), e. of bismuth; each dose of 5i (4.0) contains bismuthand sodium tartrate, of eachgr. 2 (o, 13), in aromatic elixir diluted with glycerin and water; employed as a stomachic. e. buCchu (N.F.) , e. of buchu; each dose of 3 1 (4.0) contains fluidextract of buchu in!7i^ (0.5) in aromatic elixir diluted with alcohol and syrup; employed in catarrh of the urinary passages. e. bu'chu compos'itum (N.F.), compound e. of buchu; each dose of 3i (4.0) contains compound fluidextract of buchu (N.F.), HPis (i.o),in aromatic elixir, alcohol, and syrup; used in catarrh of the urinary passages. e. bu'chu et potas'sii aceta'tis (N.F.), e. of buchu and potassium acetate; each dose of 5^ (a-o) contains potassium acetate gr. 5 (0.3) in elixir of buchu; used in catarrh of the bladder and as a diuretic. e, caff ei'nse, e. of caffeine; each dose of 3 1 (4.0) con- tains caffeine gr. i (0.06), and diluted hydrobromic acid irni (0.015). in aromatic elixir flavored with syrup of coffee; employed in headache and as a nerve stimulant. e, cal'cii bro'midi (N.P.), e. of calcium bromide; each dose of 3 1 (4.0) contains calcium bromide gr. 5 (0.3), and diluted hydrobromic acid TT])i (0.015), in aromatic elixir; erve sedative. e. cal'cii et so'dii glycerophospha'tum (N'.F.), e. of glycerophosphates; each dose of 3i (4-o) contains sodium glycerophosphate gr. i (o. 06) , calcium glycero- phosphate gr. i C0.03), phosphoric acid gr. i (0.03), in aromatic elixJu with 30 per cent, glycerin; nerve tonic. e. cal'cii hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), e. of calcium hypo- phosphite; each dose of $2 (8.0) contains calcium hypophosphite gr. 4 (o . a 6) , and hypophosphorous acid TiPi" (0.03), in aromatic elixir; alterative. e. cal'cii lactophospha'tis (N.F.), e. of calcium lacto- phos hate; each dose of 5 2 (8.0) contains calcium lactate gr. 2 (0.13), and phosphoric acid TiPi (0.06), in aromatic elixir, syrup, and water; alterative and nutrient. c. cardamo'mi compos'itum (N.F.), compound elixir of cardamom, composed of compound syrup of carda- mom 10, alcohol 90. syrup 400, distilled water suffi- cient to make 1000. e. cas'carse sagra'dse (N.F.), e. of cascara sagrada; each dose of $1 (4.0) contains aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada TIK30 (2.0) in aromatic e.;laxative. e. cas'carae sagra'dse compos'itum (N.F.), compound e. of cascara sagrada, laxative e.; each dose of $1 (4.0) contains aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada tru?} (0.5), fluidextract of senna irgs ,(0.3), and fluidextract of juglans 154 (0.26) in aromatic e.; laxative. e. cathar'ticum compos'itum (N.F.), compound cathartic e. ; each dose of 3 1 (4 ■ o) contains fluid- extract of frangula, ■np?^^ (0.5), -fluidextract of senna, 11]J6 (0.4), fluidextract of rhubarb, njJ4 (0.26), in aro- matic elixir flavored with peppermint and saccharin; laxative, ■ ■ e. chlorofor'mi compos'itum, compound e. of chloro- form; each dose of tirso (2.0) contains laudanum, chloroform, spirit of camphor, and aromatic spirit of ammonia, each nPsi (0.33) in alcohol flavored with oil of cinnamon; anodyne, antispasmodic, and car- minative. e. cincho'nee alkaloido'rum (N. 3-1.0). itcheon (es-kuch'un) [L. scutum, shield.] The aal region of the ox, with reference especially 3 the direction of growth of the hair. idine (es-er'I-den). An alkaloid in the seed of hysostigma or Calabar bean; an excitomotor sad chiefly in veterinary practice. line. Physostigmine, an alkaloid of Physo- 'igma venenosum, or Calabar bean, employed >cally as a miotic; see physostigmina. larch's ban'dage (es'markh) Qohann Friedrich .ugust von Esmarch, German surgeon, 1823- 908.] A rubber bandage which is wound tightly bout a limb from the periphery toward the cen- sr in order to exsanguinate the member and offer bloodless field for operation, the return of the lood after removal of the bandage being pre- ented by a strong elastic ligature around the roximal end of the extremity. E. dish, a small lass dish about 7 cm. in diameter with a rim i tn. high, used in bacteriological work. E. lask, a metal frame with strips of gauze stretched cross the center and a rubber cover on the out- ide, formerly used for giving chloroform or ether y inhalation. E.'s paste, a caustic of arsenic i, lorphine sulphate r, calomel 8, gum arable 48. I. roll tube, a modification of the plate culture, a seded gelatin culture being placed in a test-tube nd the latter rolled horizontally in cold water r on a block of ice until the gelatin solidifies venly around the interior of the tube. i'ic [G. es, eis, into, + hodos, way.] Centripetal r afferent, noting sensory nerves conducting npulses toward the spinal cord and brain. etlunoiditis (es-o-eth-moy-di'(de')tis) [G. eso, rithin.] Inflammation of the lining membrane f the ethmoid cells. gastritis (es-o-gas-tri'(tre')tis) [G. eso, within, + asterigastr-), stomach, + -itis.] Catarrhal in- lammation of the mucous membrane of the tomach. phagal'gia, oesophagal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Pain 1 the esophagus. phageal, oesophageal (e-so-faj'e-al). Relating the esophagus. phagectasia, oesophagectasia (e-sof-S-jek-ta'si- h) [G. oisophagos, esophagus, + ektasis, exten- ion.] Dilatation of the esophagus. phagectasis, oesophagectasis (e-sof-S.-jek'ta-sis) . isophagectasia. phagec'tomy, oesophagec'tomy [G. ektome, exci- Lon.] Excision of more or less of the esophagus. ph'agism, oesophagis'mus. Spasmodic stricture f the esophagus. phagitis, oesophagitis (e-sof-a-ji'(je')tis). Inflam- lation of the esophagus. phagocele (e-sof'a-go-sel) [G. kele, hernia.] 'rotrusion of the mucous membrane of the sophagus through a rent in the muscular coat. phagodynia, oesophagodynia (e-soph"a-go- in'i-ah) [G. odyne, pain.] Pain in the sophagus. phagoenterostomy (e-sof'a-go-en-ter-os'to-mK) >. oisophagos, esophagus, + enteron, intestine, h stoma, mouth.] The operative formation of a irect communication between the esophagus and itestine, the stomach being excised. phagogastrostomy (e-sof"a,-go-gas-tros'to-ml) esophagus + G. gaster, stomach, + stoma, mouth.] •he establishment of an artificial opening letween the esophagus and the stomach. esophagomalacia, oesophagomalacia (e-sof"a-go-m&- la'sl-ah) [G. malakia, softness.] Softening of the walls of the esophagus. esophagom'eter [G. meiron, measure.] An instru- ment for obtaining the dimensions of the esoph- agus. esophagomycosis (e-sof"a-go-mi-ko'sis) [G. mykes, fungus.] Any bacterial or fungous disease of the esophagus. esoph'agoplasty. Repair of a defect in the wall of the esophagus by a plastic operation. esophagoplication (e-sof'S-go-pli-ka'shun). Reduc- tion in size of a dilated esophagus or of a pouch in the same by making longitudinal folds or tucks in its wall esophagopto'sia, oesophagopto'sia, esophagopto'sls [G. oisophagos, esophagus, + ptosis, a falling.] Relaxation and downward displacement of the walls of the esophagus. esophagosarivaiy. Noting an excessive secretion of saliva, occurring as a symptom of cancer of the esophagus. esoph'agoscope [G. shaped, I examine.] A form of endoscope for inspecting the esophagus. esophagos'copy. Inspection of the interior of the esophagus. esoph'agospasm. Spasm of the walls of the esophagus. esophagostenosis, cesophagostenosis (e-sof"a-go-stS- no'sis) [G. stenosis, a narrowing.] Stricture or a general narrowing of the esophagus, esophagos'tomy, oesophagos'tomy [G. stoma, an opening, mouth.] The operative formation of an opening directly into the esophagus from without. esoph'agotome. A knife adapted for cutting into the esophagus. esophagot'omy, oesophagot'omy [G. tome, an inci- sion ] An incision through the wall of the esophagus. esophagus, oesophagus(e-sof'a-gus) [G oisophagos, gullet.] The gullet, the swallow; the portion of the digestive canal between the pharynx and the stomach; it extends from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, opposite the sixth cervical verte- bra, to the cardiac orifice of the stomach opposite the eleventh dorsal vertebra, a distance of about 25 cm. (10 inches), mouth of the e., the junction of the pharynx and esophagus at the level of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. esophoria (es-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. eso, inward, .-t- phora, movement.] A tendency of one eye to deviate inward; convergent squint. esophor'ic. Relating to or marked by esophoria. esosphenoiditis (es"o-sfen-oy-di'(de')tis) [G. eso, within.] Osteomyelitis of the sphenoid bone. esoter'ic [G. esoteros, inner.] i . Of internal . origin arising within the organism. 2. Endoblastic. esotro'pia [G. eso, in, 4- trope, turn.] A marked esophoria ; a deviation inward of one eye, internal or convergent squint. esotrop'ic. Relating to or marked by esotropia. Esperan'za Mineral Springs, New York. Calcic- sulphureted waters, 51° F. Used by drinking in various disorders. espno'ic, espnoe'ic (esp-no'ik, esp-ne'ik) [G. es(eis), in, + pnoe, a blowing.] 1. Relating to the inhalation or injection of gases or vapors. 2. Noting the epidermic method of medication. espundia (es-poon'dl-ah) . Naso-oral leishmania- sis, bubas braziliana, Breda's disease, a chronic ulcerative affection of the nose and mouth, caused by Leishmania tropica. esquillectomy . (es-kil-ek'to-mi) [Fr. esquille, frag- ment, + G. ektome, excision.] Operation for ESQUILLECTOMY 338 ETHERION the removal of detached bony fragments in cases of comminuted fracture. es'sence [L. essentia; esse, to be.] 1. The true characteristic or substance of a body. 2. An element. 3. A fluidextract. 4. An alcoholic solution, or spirit, of the volatile oil of a plant; also an artificial product of similar odor and taste. essentia (es-en'shJ-ah) . Essence, c. pepsi'ni, the former N.F. official title of elixir pepsini et renini compositum. essential (es-en'shyal). i. Necessary; characteris- tic ; inherent. 2. Idiopathic, e. oil, volatile oil. es'ter. Compound ether, a substance produced by the substitution of the hydrogen in an acid by a hydrocarbon radical; it is an alcohol " salt." esterase (es'ter-az). A ferment which causes a dissociation of esters in the serum or tissues. esthe'sic [G. aisthesis, sensation.] Relating to the mental perception of the existence of any part of the body. esthe'sioblast [G. aisthesis, sensation, + blasios, germ,] An embryonic ganglion cell. esthesiod'ic, £esthesiod'ic [G. aisthesis, sensation, + hodos, way.] Sensory, conveying sensory im- pulses. * esthesiogen, sesthesiogen (es-the'zi-o-jen) [G. aisthe- sis, sensation, + gennao, I produce.] A substance assumed to produce «. nervous erethism in hys- terical subjects, when brought near the body. esthesiogenesis, aesthesiogenesis (es-the"2i-o-jen'e-sis) [G. aisthesis, sensation, -f genesis, generation.] The production of sensation, especially of nervous erethism. esthesiogen'ic. i. Relating to an esthesiogen. 2. Producing a sensation. esthesiog'raphy, assthesiog'raphy [G. aisthesis, sen- sation, -f graphe, a writing.] A description of the organs of sense and of the mechanism of sensation. esthesiol'ogy, sesthesiol'ogy [G. aisthesis, sensation, + -hgia.\ Science in relation to sensory phenom- ena. . esthesioma'nia, eesthesioma'nia [G. aisthesis, sensa- tion, -t- mania, frenzy.] Insanity with sensory hallucinations. esthesiometer, festhesiometer (es-the-zl-om'e-tur) [G. aisthesis, sensation, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the state of tactile and other forms of sensibility. esthesioneure, sesthesioneure (es-the'sl-o-nur.] [G. aisiliesis, sensation, + neuron, nerve.] A sensory nerve-cell. esthe"sioneuro'sis, £Bsthe"sioneuro'sis. Any sensory neurosis, such as anesthesia, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, etc. esttiesion'osus, aesthesion'osus [G. aisthesis, sensa- tion, H- nosos, disease.] Esthesioneurosis. esthe"siophysiol'ogy, assthe"siophysiol'ogy. The physiology of sensation and the sense organs. esthet'ic. Relating to sensation, either mental or bodily. * esthiomenus (es-the-om'e-nus) [G. esthiomenos, eat- ing,] Lupus; specifically lupus of the external genital organs. esthiom'enous [G. esthiomenos, eating.] Corroding, ulcerating, phagedenic. Es'till Springs, Kentucky. Light alkaline-carbo- nated-sulphureted, alkaline-calcic, and chalyb- eate waters. Used by drinking in various disorders. es'tival, ses'tival [L. cestivus, summer.] Relating to or occurring in the summer. estira'tion [L. testas, summer.] The grouping of floral leaves in the bud. estivoautumnal, asstivoautumnal (es"tll-vo-aw-tum'- nal) [L. cBstivus, summer, + autumnalis, autum- nal.] Relating to or occurring in summer and autumn, e. fe'ver, tropical malaria, a severe remittent form of acute malaria, due to the sporulation, and invasion of new red blood- corpuscles, by a protozoan blood parasite, Plasmodium pracox; the paroxysms (at first perhaps tertian) recur at progressively shorter intervals until the disease becomes remittent, a second attack beginning before the first has spent its course. Est'lander's opera'tion [Jakob August Estlander, Finnish surgeon, 1831— 1881.] Resection of a part of one or more ribs and excision of the aiifected pleura in chronic empyema. es'ton. Aluminum acetate, an insoluble powder, used as a dusting powder. es'toral. Boric-acid menthol ester, a. colorless crystalline powder, employed as an errhine in chronic nasal catarrh. estrual, cestrual (es'tru-al) [G. oistros, mad desire.] Relating to heat or rut in animals. estrua'tion. The period of heat in animals. es'trum. Estrus. es'trus, oes'trus [G. oistros, mad desire.] Heat; the period of sexual excitement in the female of the lower animals. estua'rium [L. (Bstus, heat.] Vapor bath. Stat mainelonn£ (a-t3,' ma.-mS-16-na') [Fr. knobby, tubercular state.] The condition of the gastric mucous membrane in chronic inflammation, when it presents numbers of nodular projections. ethanediamine (eth"an-di'am-en). Ethylenedia- mine. eth'ene chlo'ride. Ethylene bichloride. etheogen'esis [G. etheos, bachelor, -f genesis, produc- tion.] Reproduction by the male gamete without sexual union; a rare phenomenon and possible only in protozoans. e'ther [G. aither, the pure upper air.] 1. A sub- stance resulting from the action of an acid on an alcohol. 2. Ethyl or sulphuric ether (C2Hj)20; see tether, 3. A gas of extreme tenuity which is assumed to pervade all space as well as all solids and liquids, and to be the transmitter of the rays of heat and of light, chlo'iic e., spiritus chloroformi. com' pound e. , ester. Cott'onproc'- ess e., a modified sulphuric ether consisting of refined diethyl oxide containing approximately two volumes of ethylene, J volume of carbon dioxide, and i per cent, by weight of ethyl alcohol, hydriod'ic e., aethylis iodidum. hy- drobro'mic e., sethylis bromidum. hydrochlo'ric e., aethylis chloridum. meth'yl e., methyl'lc e., a colorless, inflammable gas (CHs)aO, prepared by distilling methyl alcohol 1, and sulphuric acid 4; produces anesthesia when inhaled. meth'yl-eth'yl e., (i) a solution of methyl e. in sulphuric ether, used as an anesthetic; (2) a colorless liquid obtained by the action of ethyl iodide on sodium methylate; anesthetic. sulphu'ric e., ethyl oxide, ether (2). xylostyp'tic e., coUodium stypticum. ethereal (e-the're-al). Relating to or containing ether, e. oil, oleum aethereum. e. tinc'ture, a solution or extract of a medicinal substance made with ether. etheriflca'tion [L. cether, ether, -f facere, to make.] Conversion of an alcohol into ether. ether'ify. To convert into ether. etherin (e'ther-in). fitherobacillin, a tuberculous toxin extracted by ether. ethe'ilon [G. aiiherios, relating to ether.] A sup- ETHERION 339 EUCAINE posed new element, a gas of extreme tenuity- existing in the atmosphere and perhaps through- out space; said by some to be only watery vapor. etherization (e"ther-i-2a'shun). Bringing under the anesthetic influence of ether. e'therize. To anesthetize by means of ether. etherobacillin (e-ther-o-bas'il-in). Etherin. etheroma'nia [G. aither, ether, + mania, frenzy.] The habitual use of ether as an intoxicant. etherometer (e-ther-om'e-tur) [ether + G. metron, measure.] A device for the mechanical admin- istration of ether in the production of general anesthesia. eth'ical. Relating to ethics ; in conformity with the rules governing professional conduct. eth'ics. The science of morality. In relation to medical practice, the principles of correct pro- fessional conduct with regard to the rights of the physician himself, his patients, and his fellow practitioners, code of e., a set of rules established for the guidance of the medical practitioner in his professional conduct. eth'idene. Ethylidene. ethiopifica'tion [G. aithiops, a negro, -1- L. facere, to make.] The production of argyria.* e'thiops. .iSlthiops. ethmocarditis (eth-mo-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. ethmos, sieve, + kardia, heart, -|- -itis.] Cardiosclerosis, chronic inflammation and proliferation of the connective tissue of the heart-walls. ethmocra'nial. Relating to the ethmoid bone and the cranium as a whole, e. angle, the angle made by the plane of {he cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone extended to meet- the basicranial axis. ethmoceph'alus [G. ethmos, sieve, + kephale, head.] A monster -with imperfect and deformed features. ethmof rental (eth-mo-frun'tal). Relating to the ethmoid and the frontal bones. eth'moid [G. ethmos, sieve, -I- eidos, resemblance.] I. Resembling a sieve, cribriform. 2. Relating to the ethmoid bone. 3. The ethmoid bone, os* ethmoidale. ethmoid'al. Ethmoid (2). ethmoiditis (eth-moy-di'CdeOtis). Inflammation of the ethmoid bone. ethmola'ciymal. Relating to the ethmoid and the lacrymal bones. ethmomax'iUaiy. Relating to the ethmoid and the maxillary bones. ethmona's£d. Relating to the ethmoid and the nasal bones. ethmopal'atal. Relating to the ethmoid and the palate bones. ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe'noyd). Relating to the ethmoid and sphenoid bones. ethmotur'binals. The turbinated processes of the ethmoid bone; usually two in number, the su- perior and middle turbinals, but occasionally three or even more ; see concha nasalis. ethmovo'merine. Relating to the ethmoid bone and the vomer, e. plate, the central portion of the ethmoid bone, forming a distinct element at birth. ethmyphitis (eth-ml-fi'(fe')tis) [G. ethmos, sieve, + hyphe, web, -I- -itis.] Cellulitis. ethnog'raphy [G. ethnos, race, -1- graphe, a -writing.] A treatise on the different human races. ethnol'ogy [G. ethnos, race, -I- -logia.] The branch of anthropology which deals with racial peculiari- ties and differences. ethoxycaffeine (eth-ok-sl-kaf'e-en). A compound, C,H,(0CjHj)N40j, occurring in the form of white silky crystals; used in neuralgia and migraine in doses of gr. s-io (o-3-°-6)- eth'yl [G. aither, ether, + hyle, stuff.] The hydro- carbon radical, C2H5, of ethyl alcohol, e. ac'etate, acetic ether, Eether* aceticus. e. al'cohol, e. hydroxide, ordinary alcohol.* e. bro'mide, hydrobromic ether, a colorless liquid, inducing anesthesia when inhaled, e. car'bamate, ure- thane. c. chlo'ride, hydrochloric ether, a colorless liquid employed as a local anesthetic, the spray causing congelation, and also by inhalation as a general anesthetic, e. for'mate, formic ether, a volatile liquid, anesthetic. e. hy'drate. e. hydroxide, e. hydrox'ide, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, official alcohol, e. i'odide, hydriodic ether ; employed as an antispasmodic and alterative in bronchitis and asthma, and applied externally as a means of introducing iodine into the system. o. ni'trite, nitrous ether, e. oxide, sulphuric ether, see wther. ethylamine (S-thil'S-men). A ptomaine found in decaying vegetable matter. eth'ylate. A compound in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl radical is replaced by a base. eth"ylchlo"ralu'rethane. Somnal. eth'ylene. Ethene, defiant gas, CH2CH2, the chief constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. e. bichlo'ride, ethene chloride, Dutch liquid, a liquid possessing local and general anesthetic properties, e. bro'mide, bromethylene, employed in epilepsy in doses of nja-s (0.13-0.3). e. peri'odide, diiodoform. e, tetrai'odide, diiodoform. ethylenedi'aniine. Diaminoethane, ethanediam- ine, C2H4(NH2)2; a volatile colorless liquid of ammoniacal odor and caustic taste; bactericidal in 8 per cent, solution. ethylhy drocupreine (eth"il-hi-dro-ku'pre-in) . Op- tochin, a synthetic drug, a derivative of quinine, C19H22N2OH.OC2HS, or derived from cuprea bark, which has been recommended as a remedy in lobar pneumonia and in other pneumococcus infections, in doses of gr. 4-5 (0.25-0.3); there is danger of amaurosis in large doses or long continuance of the drug. ethyl'idene. Ethidene, a theoretical radical, CjHj, or CHgCH, metameric with ethylene. eth'ylism. Alcoholic addiction. ethylmorphine (eth"il-mor-fen'). An alkaloid de- rived from morphine by ethylation; the chloride is dionine, official under the title cethylmorphinie hydrochloridum. ethylurethane (eth-il-u're-than) . Ethyl carbamate, urethane.* e'tiolate [Fr. ttioler, to blanch.] jl. To make pale by absence of light. ■^. To become pale or of sickly hue from the absence of light or from long illness. etiola'tion. Pallor from confinement in a dark place or from a long illness. etiological (e-ti-o-loj'i-kal). Relating to etiology. etiology (e-ti-ol-o-gi) [G. aitia, cause, -I- -ology.] The doctrine of causes, specifically of the causes of disease; caursation. ■'* * etiotropic (e-tl-o-trop'ik) [G. attia, cause, -)- trope, a turning.] Directed against the cause, noting a remedy which attenuates or destroys the causal factor of a disease. etrohysterectomy (e"tro-his-ter-ek'to-mJ) [G. etron, hypogastrium, + kystera, womb, + ektome, ex- cision.] Abdominal hysterectomy, removal of the uterus through an incision in the hypogastric region. etrotomy (e-trot'o-ml) [G. etron, hypogastrium, + tome, incision.] Suprapubic incision. Eu. Chemical symbol of europium. eucaine (u'kah-en) A synthetic compound resem- bling cocaine in its properties; the hydrochloride EUCAINE 340 EUNAfROL is the salt usually employed, in 2 per cent solu- tion for ophthalmic anesthesia. eucalyptene (u-kS-lip'ten). A hydrocarbon, CioHig, obtained by distilling eucalyptol with phosphoric anhydride, e. hydrochlo'ride, eucalypteol, oc- curring in white crystalline scales, of bitter taste ; employed in diarrhea and typhoid fever and to relieve the cough of phthisis, in doses of gr. 2-6 (0.13-0.4). eucalyp'teol. Eucalyptene hydrochloride. eucalyp'tol (U.S.). Cineol, cajuputol; a colorless liquid of camphoraceous odor and pungent taste, Cii,Hi,0, obtained from the volatile oil of Euca- lyptus globulus, and other species ot E.; stimu- lant expectorant in doses of 1525-10(0.3-0.6). eucalyptoresorcin (u-kS-lip"to-re-zor'sin). A mix- ture of eucalyptol and resorcin employed as an antiseptic. eucalyp'tus [G. eu, well, 4- kalyptos, covered, refer- ring to the fact that the calyx is capped in the bud.] (U.S.) The dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, blue gum-tree, Australian fever-tree; employed in the treatment of malaria, bronchitis, asthma, and chronic gonorrhea, in doses of njio-20 (a. 6-1. 3) of the volatile oil. euca'sin. Ammonium caseinate, prepared by passing ammonia gas over finely powdered dry casein; occurs as a yellowish-white powder; added as a concentrated food to bouillon, chocolate, etc. eucerin (u-se'rin) [G. eu. well, and L. cera, wax.] Trade name of an ointment base, odorless and of a slightly yellowish color made from an extractive of wool-fat. euchlorhydria (u"klor-hy'dri[-ah) [G. eu, well.] Normal chlorhydria, a condition in which free hydrochloric acid exists in normal amount in the gastric juice. eucholia (u-ko'll-ah) [G. eu, well, + chole, bile.] A normal state of the bile as regards quantity and quality. eucrasia (u-kra'rf-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- krasis, tem- perament.] A condition of diminished suscepti- bility to the action of certain drugs, articles of diet, etc.; see orthocrasia, idiosyncrasy. eucycUc (u-si'klik) [G. eu, well, + kyklos, circle.] In botany, noting an isomerous ilower with the parts of consecutive whorls alternating. eudermol (u-dur'mol). Trade name of nicotine salicylate, employed externally in the treatment of scabies. eudiaphoresis (u"di-ah-fo-re'sis) [G. eu, well, + dia, through, + phorec, I carry.] Normal, free sweating. eudiemorrhysis (u"di-em-or'i-sis) [G. eu, well, + dia, through, + haima, blood, + rhysis, a flow- ing.] A free normal capillary circulation. eudiom'eter [G. eudios, serene, -t- metron, measure.] A graduated glass vessel used to test the purity of air and in the volumetric analysis of gases. eudox'in. The bismuth salt of nosophen, a reddish- brown powder employed in various gastric and intestinal affections in doses of gr. 3-8 (o. 2-0.5). eudrenin (ud-ren'in). Trade name of a 0.25 per cent, solution of beta-eucaine hydrochloride in a 1 : 10,000 solution of adrenalin chloride in physio- logical salt solution. Euflagella'ta [G. eu, well.] Same as Flagellata. euf or'mol. Trade name of an antiseptic and deodor- izer. eugal'lol. Pyrogallol monoacetate, monacetylpyro- gallol, a yellowish-brown syrupy liquid, employed in psoriasis and various scaly skin diseases in a 66 or 32 P^^ cent, acetone solution. -Euge'nia [after Prince Eugene of Savoy.] A genus of trees of the order Myrtacece. E. caryophylla'ta ■ furnishes cloves ; E, chek'en, cheken ; E. jambola'na, jambulj E. pimen'ta, pimenta or allspice. eugenic (u-jen'ik) [see eugenics.] Relating to the science of eugenics; tending to racial improve- ment by means of sexual selection. eugen'ic acid. Eugenol. eugenics (u-jen'iks) [G. eugeneia, nobility of birth.] The science which deals with the influences, especially prenatal influences, that tend to better the innate qualities of man and to develop them to the highest degree. eugenism (u'jen-izm). " The aggregate of the most favorable conditions for healthy and happy existence", (Galton.) eugen'ofonn. Eugenolcarbinol, a colorless crystal- line powder, employed as an intestinal disinfect- ant in doses of gr. 7^—15 (0.5—1.0). eu'genol (U.S.). Eugenic acid, an aromatic phenol, CioHijOj, obtained from oil of cloves, a light yellow liquid having an odor of cloves and a spicy taste ; it is a local anesthetic and antiseptic, employed chiefly in dentistry as a substitute for oil of cloves; internally the dose is IK3-S (0.2— "■3)- Eugle'na [G. eu, well, + glene, eyeball.] A genus of infusorians, characterized by the presence of a minute spot of differentiated ectoplasm sensitive to light. Euglen'ida [G. eu, well, -I- glene, eyeball.] An order of Zoomastigophora, embracing forms with contractile body, a mouth opening, one or two flagella, and chromatophores or "eyespots." euglob'uUn. A protein forming, with pseudoglobu- lin, serum-globulin. eugon'ic [G. eu, well, + gonikos, relating to the seed or offspring.] Noting a bacterial culture 6f luxuriant growth. Eugregari'na [G. eu, well.] A suborder of Gregan- nida reproducing only by spore formation. eu'gufonn. Acetylized methylene diguaiacol, a grayish-white powder ; employed as an antiseptic dressing in powder or ointment, e. sol'uble, a, 50 per cent, solution of euguform in acetone. eulatin (u'lS-tin). Proprietary name of a com- pound of amidobenzoic and bromobenzoic acids with antipyrine ; a whitish powder of slightly acid taste, recommended in whooping-cough in daily doses of gr. 30 (2.0) for children of 6 years. Eulenburg's disease' (oi'len-boorg) [Albert Eulen- burg, German neurologist, *iS4o.] Congenital paramyotonia.* eulyp'tol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of eucalyptus oil, carbohc acid, and salicylic acid. eu'menol. Trade name of a fluidextract of the root of a Chinese plant; it has been used in amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in doses of 3J-i (2.0-4.0). eumetria (u-me'trJ-ah) [G. moderation, goodness of meter.] Graduation of the strength of nerve impulses. enmorphism (u-mor'fizm) [G. eu well, -f- morphl, shape.] Preservation of the natural form of a cell in spite of the occurrence of pathological changes. eumyce'tes [G. eu, well, -1- mykes, fungus.] Hypho- mycetes. eu'mydrine. Trade name of methylatropine nitrate, C„H52(CH,)NO,.HNO,; a white soluble crystal- line salt, employed as a mydriatic in i or 2 per cent, solution, and given internally to control the night-sweats of phthisis in doses of gr., -j^f-^ (0.001-0.0025). euna'trol. Sodium oleate. EUNOIA 341 EUSOL eunoi'a [G. goodwill.] A normal mental state. eunuch (u'nuk) [G. eunouchos.] One whose testicles have been removed. eunuchism (u'nuk-izm). The symptom-complex caused by the absence of the testicles, pitu'itary e., hypophysis* syndrome. eunuchoid (u'nuk-oyd) [G. eidos, resembling.] Resembling, or having the general characteristics of, a eunuch, u. state, hypogenitalism. eunuchoidism (u'nuk-oid-izm) [G. eunouchos, e\xauch, + eidos, resemblance.] A condition marked by the symptom-complex of _ eunuchism, due to absence of the internal secretion of the testicles, the glan themselves, however, being present. euon'ymin. Extractum euonymi siccum. euonymus (u-on'i-mus) [G. eudnymos, from eu, well, + onyma, name, having a good name, lucky.] (N.F.) Euonymi cortex (Br.), the dried root bark of Euonymus atropurpurea, wahoo, burning- bush, arrow- wood; employed as an hepatic tonic and laxative in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). euophthal'min. Euphthalniin. eupad (u'pad). Equal parts of calcium chloride and boric acid, kept in separate papers, and dissolved together extemporaneously, in the proportion of 25 grams of the combined powders in I liter of water, to make eusol.* eupancreatism (u-pan'kre-S.-tizm) [G. eu, well, -|- pancreas.'l A condition in which the functions of the pancreas are normal. euparal (u'par-al). A medium for mounting his- tological specimens, composed of camsal, sandarac, eucalyptol, and paraldehyde. eupat'orin. A glucoside, occurring as a bitter white powder, obtained from several species of Eupaiorium; diaphoretic and tonic in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). eupato'rium [G. eupator, bom of a noble father, said of Mithridates.] (N.F.) The dried leaves and flowering tops of Eupaiorium perfoUatuTn, thorough- wort, boneset, sweating-herb; em- ployed as a bitter tonic, usually in a decoction of an ounce of the drug in a pint of boiling water, dose ^1—2 (30.0—60.0). eupepsia (u-pep'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, + pepsis, di- gestion.] Good digestion. eupep'tic. Digesting well; having a good digestion. eupeptone (u-pep'ton). Trade name of an English make of Witte's peptone. euphor'bia. x. The dried plant, Euphorbia pilu- lifera, Australian snake-weed or cat's hair; em- ployed in asthma, hay-fever, coryza, and other respiratory affections, and also in angina pec- toris, in doses of gr. 30 (2.0). 2. The root of Euphorbia corollata, spurge, purging root, a tree of eastern North America; employed in eclectic practice as a tonic for the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, allaying irritation and re- lieving constipation; dose mi-io (0.06-0.6) of the specific preparation, e. pilulif'era (N.F.), official N.F. title of euphorbia (i). euphor'bium. A gum resin from Euphorbia resinifera; sometimes used as an emetic and cathartic, but chiefly confined to veterinary practice. euphoria (u-fo'rl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- phero, I bear.] A general state of well being. eu'phorin. Phenylurethane, carbanilic ether; a white crystalline powder, antipyretic and anal- gesic in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4). euphthal'nun. The hydrochloride of methylvinyl- diacetone-alkamine, a synthetic substance occur- ring in snow-like crystals; it is mydriatic in 5 to 10 per cent, solution. euplas'tic [G. euplastos, easily moulded; eu, well, -t- plasso, I form.] Healing readily and well. eupne'a, eupnce'a [G. eu, well, -I- pnoia, breath.] Easy, free respiration. eupor'phine. Apomorphine methylbromide, used for the same purposes as apomorphine hydro- chloride. euprazia (u-prak'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- praxis, a doing.] Normal ability to perform coordinated movements. Euproc'tis chrysorrhoe'a TG. eu, well, + proktos, rump ; chrysos, gold, -I- rhoia, flow.] The brown- tail moth, the hairs of the cocoon and caterpillar of which cause a troublesome dermatitis. eupy'rine. Vanillin ethylcarbonate-parapheneti- din, CisHjjOjN; employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). euquinine (u'kwin-en, u-kwi'nin). Euchinin, qui- nine ethylcarbonate, C23H28N2O4, occurring in white, acicular, nearly tasteless crystals ; employed as a substitute for quinine or its salts in doses of gr ro-20 (0.6—1.3). Eure'ka Springs, Arkansas. Alkaline waters. Among the sixty springs are the " Little Eureka," " Sweet," " Magnetic," " Oil," " Ar- senic," and " Cold" springs. Used by drink- ing in rheumatism, nervous affections, disorders of the kidneys, bladder, and skin; dyspepsia, hay-fever, and general debility. Eure'ka Springs, California. Muriated-saline-sul- phureted waters. Used by drinking for the laxative and diuretic action. eu'resol. Trade name of resorcinol monacetate, employed externally in the treatment of acne and sycosis in 5 to 20 per cent, ointment; employed also in the treatment of seborrhea and alopecia, then usually in the form of a perfumed prepara- tion called euresol pro capillis. eu'robin. Chrysarobin triacetate, employed for the same purposes as chrysarobin, and said to be nonirritant and not to stain. eu'rophen. Diisobutyl-orthocresol-iodide, a yel- low amorphous powder insoluble in water; em- ployed externally in powder or ointment in skin diseases, varicose ulcers, etc., and internally in syphilis in doses of gr. -^-2 (o . 03—0 . 13). europium (u-ro'pi-um) [L. Europa, Europe.] A very rare element, symbol Eu, atomic weight 152. Eurotium (u-ro'shl-um). A genus of moulds. E. malig'num, a species sometimes causing inflam- mation by its presence in the external auditory meatus. E. re'pens, a common mould on stale bread and on jam. eurygnathic (u-rig-nath'ik). Having a wide jaw. eurygnathism (u-rig'na-thizm) [G. eurys, broad, + gnathos, jaw.] The condition of having a wide jaw. eurygnathous (u-rig'na-thus). Eurygnathic. euryon (u'ri-on) [G. eurys, broad.] The extremity, on either side, of the greatest transverse diameter of the head; a point used in craniometry. eu'iythrol. Trade name of an aqueous extract of spleen substance, used in chlorosis and anemia. eusapyl (u'sS-pil) [G. eu, well, -I- sapon, soap, + hyle, stuff.] Trade name of a watery solution of potassium ricinoleate and chlor-metacresol, rec- ommended as a hand disinfectant. ' eusco'pol. Trade name of scopolamine Jiydrobro- mide. eusol (u'sol). A filtered solution of 25 grams of eupad* in i liter of distilled water, employed as an antiseptic in wound treatment; the solution contains calcium borate, calcium chloride, and hypochlorous acid. EUSTACE SMITH'S DISEASE 342 EWING'S SIGN Eustace Smith's disease or sign. See Smith's disease or sign. Eustachian cath'eter (u-sta'ki-an) [Bartolommeo Eustachio, Italian anatomist, 1524-1574.] A delicate properly curved tube, used £or in- sertion into the orifice of the E. tube in order to distend it by air pressure or to facilitate the introduction of medicated vapor into the tympanum. E. cush'ion, torus tubarius. E. mus'cle, laxator tympani muscle. E. ton'sil, a collection of lymphoid nodules within the E. tube, near its pharyngeal orifice. E. tube, tuba auditiva. E. tu'ber, a, slight projection from the labyrinthine wall of the tympanum below the fenestra ovalis. E. valve, valvula venae cavse inferioris. eustachitis (u-sta-ki'(ke')tis). Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube. eustachium (u-sta'M-um). Eustachian tube. eustomachous (u-stum'S-kus) [G. eu, well, + stom- achos, stomach,] Eupeptic. Eustrongylus (u-stron'ji-lus) [G. ea, well, + strongylos, rounded.] A genus of Nematoda of the family StrongylidcB. E. gi'gas, a blood-red roundworm, from 40 cm., 16 in., (male) to 100 cm., 39 in., (female) in length, 6 to 12 mm., J to J in., in diameter, sometimes inhabiting the pelvis of the kidney. E. viscera'lis, E. gigas. eusystole (u-sis'to-U) [G. eu, well, + systole.\ A condition in which the cardiac systole is normal in force and time. eusystolic (u-sis-tol'ik) . ji. Relating to eusystole. 2. One whose heart beats normally with not too great or too little force. eutectic (u-tek'tik) [G. eu, well, + tektos, capable of being melted.] Easily melted; noting specifically mixtures of certain chemical compounds which have a lower melting point than any of their in- gredients. eutelolecithal (u-tel-o-les'I-thal) [G. eu, well, -H telos, end, -I- lekithos, yolk.] Noting an ovum in which the deutoplasm of the yolk almost entirely displaces the cytoplasm from one pole. euthanasia (u-than-a'zi-ah) [G. eu, well, + ihanatos, death.] 1. A quiet, painless death, a. A popular term for the alleged practice of putting an end to life by artificial means in cases of incurable and painful disease. euthenic (u-then'ik) [see euikenics.] Tending to social improvement through good environ- mental influences. euthenics (u-then'iks) [G. euthenia, well-being, weal.] The science which deals with the influences of environment and of sanitation that tend to im- prove the human race. euthermic (u-thur'mik) [G. eu, well, -f- thermos, warm.] Promoting warmth. euthy'mol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of eucalyptus oil and thymol. eutocia (u-to'sl-ah) [G. eu, well, -I- tokos, childbirth.] Easy, normal childbirth. eutrichosis (u-tri-ko'sis) [G. eu, well, + thrix(irich-), hair.] A normal growth of healthy hair. eutrophia (u-tro'fi(-ah) [G. eu, well, -|- trophe, nourishment.] A state of normal nourishment and growth. eutroph'ic [G. eu, well, -I- trophl, nourishment.] Relating to or promoting eutrophia ; well nour- ished. eutrophy (u'tio-fl). Eutrophia. evac'uant [L. evacuare, to empty.] i . Promoting an excretion, especially of the bowels. 3. An agent which increases excretion, especially a cathartic. evacua'tion. 1. Removal of waste material, espe- cially from the bowels. 2. A discharge from the bowels, stool. evac'uator. A mechanical evacuant, an instru- ment for the removal of impacted feces from the rectum. evapora'tion [L. e, out, -f- vaporare, to emit vapor.] 1. A change from liquid to vapor form. 2. Loss of volume of a liquid by conversion into vapor. evatmine (e-vat'men) . An extract of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, with adrenin, in physiological saHi solution; used in the treat- ment of asthma. evec'tics [G. euekiia, a good state of health.] The art of acquiring bodily vigor. eventra'tion [L. e, out, + venter, belly.] i. Protru- sion of the bowels through an opening in the abdominal wall. 2. Removal of the contents of the abdominal cavity. eversion (e-vur'shun) [L. evertere, to twist about.] A turning outward, as of the eyelid. evert' [L. evertere, to twist about.] To turn out- ward. CTer'tor. Outward rotator. Evian-les-Bains, France (a-vyan"la-ban'). Alka- line-saline-carbonated waters. Cold. Five springs. Used by drinking and bathing in dis- orders of the liver, intestines, and urinary organs; in skin diseases, neurasthenia, chronic dyspepsia, gout, diabetes, early arteriosclerosis, gastralgia, and diseases of women. May 15 to October 15. 4videment (a-ved-mon') [Fr. Mder, to scoop out.] The scraping out of morbid tissue from a natural or pathological cavity. eviration (e-vi-ra'shun) [L. e, out, + vir, man.] i. Castration. \s. Loss or absence of the mental and physical characteristics of the male; effemination. evisceration (e-vis-ur-a'shun) [L. eviscerare, to dis- embowel.] I. Disembowelling. 2. Removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving only the sclera. 3. Removal of the entire contents of the orbit. 4. Protrusion of the abdominal viscera. evis"ceroneurot'omy. Scleral evisceration of the eye with division of the optic nerve. evolu'tion [L. evolutus; evolvere, to roll out.] i. Development, the series of changes by which the impregnated ovum becomes an adult individual. 2. The doctrine that all forms of animal or plant life have been derived by gradual changes from simpler forms or from a single cell. evul'sion [L. evulsio; evellere, to pluck out.] The forcible tearing away of a part or of a new growth, as a polpyus. Ewald's en'ema (a'vahlt) [Carl Anton Ewald, Ber- lin physician, 1845-1915.] A nutrient enema containing eggs well beaten up, wheat flour boiled in a 20 per cent, grape-sugar solution, and red wine. E.'s test break'fast, consists of two rolls or slices of dry bread and nine to twelve ounces of water or weak tea, taken fasting in the morning; the stomach contents are examined an hour and a half later. Ewart's proce'dure (yoo'art) [William Ewart, English physician, *i848.] Elevation of the larynx between the thumb and forefinger to elicit tracheal tugging. E.'s sign, elevation of the sternal end of the left clavicle with prominence of the head of the first rib in cases of extreme distention of the pericardium with fluid. Ewing's sign (u'ingz sin). Dulness on percussion- to the inner side of the angle of the left scapula, noting an accumulation of fluid in the peri- cardium behind the heart. 343 EXCRETA ex- [L. and G. out of.] A prefix denoting out of, from, away from. exacerbation (eks-as-er-ba'shun) [L. exaoerbare, to exasperate.] An increase in the severity of a disease or any of its symptoms. exalbu'minous. Noting a seed without endosperm. exal'glne [G. ex, out of, + algos, pain.] Methyl- acetanilide, a coal-tar derivative, employed as an- analgesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. \-2 (0.03-0.12). exam'iner. One who examines, med'ical e., (1) a physician who examines an applicant for insur- ance or other person, and reports upon his physi- cal condition to the company or Individual at whose request the examination was made. (2) in States where the office of coroner has been abolished, a medical man appointed to investi- gate all cases of sudden or violent death. e^ anthem. [G. exanthema.] i. Exanthema (i). 2. A skin eruption occurring as a symptom of a general disease, such as scarlet fever or measles. exanthe'ma, pi. exanthe'mata [G.] A general disease accompanied by an eruption on the skin, such as measles; an eruptive fever. ^. Exanthem (2). exanthem'atous. Relating to an exanthema, e. disease, exanthema (i). ezanthe'sis. i. A rash or exanthem.. 2. The com- ing out of a rash or eruption, e. arthro'sia, dengue. exanthrope (eks-an'throp) [G. ex, out of, -I- anthro- pos, man.] An external cause of disease, one not originating in the body. ezanthrop'ic. Originating outside of the human body. ezarteritis (eks-ar-ter-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the adventitia, or outer coat of an artery. exarticula'tion [L. ex, out, + articulus, joint.] Amputation of a limb through one of the joints. ezcayatio (eks-ka-va'shi-o) [L.] Excavation, e. papil'lse ner'vi op'tici [BNA], excavation of the papilla of the optic nerve, a pit or depression in the center of the optic papilla, e. rectouteri'na [BNA], rectouterine pouch, rectogenital pouch, cavum Douglasi, Douglas's cul-de-sac, Douglas's pouch, a pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the uterus, e. rectovesica'lis [BNA], the fold of peritoneum dipping down between the rectum and the blad- der in the male. e. vesicouteri'na [BNA], uterovesical or vesicouterine pouch, the fold of peritoneum dipping down between the bladder and the uterus. excava'tion [L. excavare, to hollow out.] 1. The formation of a cavity, hollowing out. 2. A natural cavity or recess, excavatio. 3. A cavity formed artificially or as the result of a patholog- ical process, atroph'ic e., an exaggeration of the normal or physiological cupping of the optic disc (excavatio papillae nervi optici) caused by atrophy of the optic nerve, ^asco'matous e., glaucomatous cup.* physiolog'ical e., excavatio papillae nervi optici. ex'cavator. i. An instrument like a large sharp spoon or scoop, employed in scraping out patho- logical tissue, ii. In dentistry a tool for cleaning out and shaping a carious cavity preparatory to filling. Ezcel'sior Spring, New York. Saline-calcic waters. Used by drinking for the diuretic and gently aperient action. excen'tric [G. ex, from, -t- keniron, center.] Away from the center; efferent. ezcerebration (ek"ser-e-bra'shun). Removal of the brain in the operation of embryotomy. excern' [L. excernere; to sift out.] To excrete. excement (ek-sur'nent). 1. Excretory, excreting, promoting excretion, z. An agent which pro- motes excretion or causes an evacuation. ezcipient (ek-sip'i-ent) [L. excipiens; excipere, to take out.] A more or less inert substance added in a prescription as a diluent, or to give form or consistency when the remedy is given in pill form; simple syrup, aromatic powder, honey, and various elixirs are examples of excipients. ex'ciple, ezcip'ulum [L. excipere, to take out, to receive.] In lichens, the rim formed around the mature sporocarp by the partial envelope pro- duced by the thallus. excision (ek-sl'zhun) [L. excidere, to cut out.] The operative removal of a portion of a limb, or- gan, or other part. excitability. Irritability, capability of quick re- sponse to a stimulus. exci'table. Irritable, capable of quick response to a stimulus. exci'tant [L. excitare, to arouse.] i. Stimulating. 2. A stimulant. excitation (ek-si-ta'shun). Stimulation, increasing the rapidity or intensity of the physical or mental processes, law of c, a motor nerve replies, by contraction of its muscle, not to the absolute value, but to the alteration of value from moment to moment, of the electric current. law of polar e., a given segment of a nerve is irritated by the development of catelectrotonus and the disap- pearance of anelectrotonus, but the reverse does not hold. excl"toglan'dular. Increasing the secretory activity of a gland. excitometabol'ic. Increasing the activity of the metabolic processes. excitomo'tor. Causing or increasing the rapidity of motion. excitomus'cular. Causing muscular activity. ezci'tor. That which excites to increased action, a stimulant, e. nerve, a nerve conducting im- pulses which stimulate to increased function. excitosecretory (ek-si"to-se-kre'to-rI). Stimulating to secretion, excitoglandular. excitovas'cular. Increasing the activity of the circulation. exclave (eks'klav) [L. ex, out, -H -clave (see enclave).] An outlying, detached portion of a gland or other part, such as the thyroid or pancreas ; an accessory glaiid. exclu'sion [L. excludere, to shut out.] Shutting out, disconnecting from the main portion. excochleation (eks-kok-le-a'shun) [L. ex, out, 4- cochlea, spoon.] Scraping out the contents of a cavity. exco'riate. To scrape away or otherwise remove the epidermis, leaving a raw surface. excoriation (ek-sko-ri-a'shun) [L. ex, out, + corium, skin.] I. Removal of the superficial protective layer of the skin or mucous membrane. 2. A raw surface left after the scraping away of the epidermis. ex'crement [L. excernere, to separate, take away.] Waste matter or any excretion cast out of the body; feces excrementitious (eks-kre-men-tl'shus). Relating to any cast out waste material. excrescence (eks-kres'ens) [L. evcrescere, to grow forth.] Any outgrowth from the surface, espe- cially a pathological growth. excreta (eks-kre'tah) [L. neut. pi. of excretus; excer- nere, to separate.] Excreted material, cast out waste matter. EXCRETE 344 EXOMPHALOS excrete (eks-kref). To separate from the blood and cast out, noting the function of glands the product of whose activity is waste matter and not utilized in the body. ex'cretin. A crystalline compound found in feces. excretion (eks-kre'shun) [L. excretus, separated, sifted out.] i. The process whereby the undi- gested residue of food and the waste products of metabolism- are thrown out of the body. a. The product of a gland which is waste material to be passed out of the body. . excre'tory. Relating to excretion. excystation (eks"sis-ta'shun) [L. ex, out of, + cyst.] Removal from a cyst, noting the action of cer- tain encysted organisms in escaping from their envelope. exemia (eks-e'mi-ah) [G. ek (ex), out of, -I- haima, blood.] A condition in which a considerable portion of the blood is temporarily removed from the general circulating mass, as wljen the limbs are ligatured, or when, as in shock, there is a great accumulation within the abdomen. exencepha'lia [G. ex, out, 4- enkephalos, brain.] A condition in which the skiill is defective, the brain being exposed or extruding. exencephal'ic. Exencephalous. exenceph'alous. Relating to exencephalia. exenceph'alus. A monster with the brain more or less outside of the cranial cavity exentera'tion [G. ex, out, + enieron, bowel.] Evis- ceration. exenteri'tis (eks-en-ter-i'(e') tis) [G. exo, on the out- side, -f- enteritis.'] In- flammation of the perito- neal covering of the in- testine. ex'ercise bone. A bone resulting from ossifica- tion of a muscle or tendon in consequence of exer- cise ; cavalry bone, rider's bone. exfeta'tion [L. ex, out, + fetus ^ Ex trauterine pregnancy, ectopic ges- tation. exfolia'tio [L.] Exfoliation, geographical tongue. exfolia'tion [ L. ex, out, + folia, leaves.] Stripping off in layers or sheets, noting especially a form of desquamation. exfoliative (eks-fo'lS-a-tiv) [L. exfoUativus.] Marked by exfoliation or desquamation. exhalation (eks-ha-la'shun) [L. exhalare, to breath out.] I. Expiration, breathing out. 2. The giving forth of gas or vapor. 3. Any exhaled or emitted gas or vapor, emanation. exhale'. To breathe out, expire. 2. To emit a gas or vapor or odor. exhaustion (egz-aws'chun) [L. exhaurire, to drink up, empty.] i. Extreme fatigue, inability to re- spond to stimuli. 2. Removal of contents; using up of a supply of anything. 3. Extraction of the virtues of a drug by treating with water, alcohol, or other solvent. exhibit (eg-zib'it) [L. exhibere, to offer, to pre- ~ present to view. >:. To drug. 3. Anything or any drugs, instruments, etc.. EXENOEPHALUS. e. area'ta lin'guse. sent.] 1. To show, administer or give collection of things, exposed to view. exhibition (eks-I-bl'shun). J. . A showing forth, ex- posure to view. 2. A collection of objects exposed to view. 3. The administration of a remedy. exhibitionist (eks-J-bJ'shun-ist). One who has an insane or neurotic compulsion to expose the genitals to a person of the opposite sex. exhilarant (eg-zil'er-ant). Mentally stimulating. exhumation (eks-hu-ma'shun) [L. ex, out of, + humus, earth.] Removal of a corpse from the grave, disinterment. exitus (ek'si-tus) [L. ] I. Exit, outlet. 2. Death. e. pel'vis, apertura pelvis inferior. Ex'ner's nerve [Siegmund Exner, Viennese physi- ologist, *i846.] A nerve-twig coming from the pharyngeal plexus to the cricothyroid membrane. E.'s plex'us, a plexus formed by horizontal fibers (axis-cylinder terminals) in the superficial layer of the cerebral cortex. exo- [G, exo, outside.] A prefix denoting exterior or external. exocar'dia [G. exo, outside, -f- kardia, heart.] Con- genital displacement of the heart. exocar'diac, exocar'dial. Relating to exocardia. exocataphoria (eks-o-kat-S.-for'I-ah) [G. exo, out- ward, + kaia, downward, -j- phora, motion.] A tendency of the eye to deviate outward and downward. exoccipital bone (eks-ok-sip'i-tal bon). One of the two segments of the occipital bone bounding the foramen magnum laterally, each of which forms an independent bone in the infant. exochorion (eks-o-ko'ri-on). The layer of the chorion derived from the ectoderm. exocolitis (eks-o-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the colon. ex'ocrin [G. exo, out of, -I- krino, I separate.] Exter- nal secretion of a gland. exod'ic [G exo, out, -I- hodos, way.] Proceeding toward the periphery, eiferent, centrifugal. ex'odin. Trade name of a mixture of derivatives of rufigallic acid, a yellowish, tasteless powder, recommended as a cathartic in doses of gr. 15-22 (i. 0-1.5). exodontia (eks-o-don'shyah) [G. exo, outwards, + odous {odont-), tooth.] i. Tooth extraction. 2. Forward protrusion of the teeth. exodontist (eks-o-don'tist) . One who specializes in the extraction of teeth. exog'amy [exo outside, -f gamos, marriage.] Re- production by conjugation of two unrelated cells. exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri'(tre')tis). Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the stomach. exogastrula (eks-o-gas'tru-lah) [G. exo, outward.] A gastrula in which the endoderm is turned. out i nstead of in. exogenet'ic [G. exo, outside, -I- genesis, generation.] Exogenous. exogenous (ex-oj'en-us) [G. exo, outside, -f- gennao, I produce.] Originating or produced outside. e. cy'cle, sexual cycle of the hemoprotozoa, occurring in the non- vertebrate host. exognathion (eks-og-nath'i-on) [G. exo, outside, -I- gnathos, jaw.] The maxilla, exclusive of the os incisivum, or premaxillary bone. exohysteropexy (eks-o-his'ter-o-peks-l) [G. exo, on the outside, + hystera, uterus, + pexis, fixation.] Fixation of the fundus of a pro- lapsed uterus outside of the peritoneum under the fascial layer. exometritis (eks-o-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. exd, outside, + metra, uterus, + -itis.] Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the uterus. exomphalos (eks-om'fS-lus) [G. ex, out, + om- phalos, umbilicus.] Exumbilication. i. Pro- trusion of the umbilicus. ^. Umbilical hernia. EXOPATHIC 34S EXSOMATIZE ezopath'ic. Noting a disease whose origin is out- side the body. exop'athy [G. exo, outside, + pthaos, suffering.] A disease produced by some cause outside the body. ezophoria (eks-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. exo, outward, + phora, movement.] A tendency of one eye to deviate outward, divergent squint. exophor'ic. Relating to exophoria. exophthalmic (eks-of-thal'mik) . Relating to ex- ophthalmos; marked by prominence of the eyeball, exophthal'mic goi'ter, a condition marked by prominence of the eyeballs, en- largement of the thyroid gland, tremor, and rapid heart action; Graves', Basedow's, Plajani's, Marsh's, Parson's, or Parry's disease. exophthalmom'eter [exophthalmos + G. metron.] An instrument for measuring the amount of pro- trusion of the eyeball. exophthal'mos, exophthal'mus [G. ex, out, -I- ophthal- mos, eye.] A protrusion or prominence of the eyeball. ex'oplasm [G. exo, on the outside.] Ectoplasm. exorbitism (eks-or'bH-tizm) [L. ex, out, -I- orbita, orbit.] Exophthalmos. exosep'sis. Sepsis of external origin. exoskereton [G. exo, on the outside, -I- skeleton.} x. All hard parts, such as hair, teeth, nails, feathers, dermal plates, scales, etc., developed from the ectoderm or mesoderm in vertebrates. 2. The outer chitinous envelope of an insectv ezosxnose, exosmosis (eks'oz-mos, eks-oz-mo'sis) Osmosis from within outward, as from the interior of a blood-vessel. exosplen'opexy [G. exo, outside, + splen, spleen, + pexis, fastening.] Suturing the spleen to an opening in the abdominal wall. exospore (eks'o-sp5r) [G. ex5, outside, + sporos, seed.] A spore which forms on the outside, usually at one or the other end, of a rod bacterium. exospo'rium. The outer envelope of a spore. exosto'sis [G. ek, ex, out from, + osteon, bone.] A bony tumor springing from the surface of a bone, most commonly in the form of ossification of muscular attachments, den'tal e., a bone-like growth springing from the root of a tooth, e. bursa'ta, an e. springing from the joint surface of a bone and covered with cartilage and a synovial sac. e. cartilagin'ea, an e. springing from the epiphysis or joint surface of a bone; an ossified chondroma, i'vory e., a small, rounded, ebur- nated tumor springing from a, bone, usually one of the cranial bones. exoter'ic [G. exoteros, outer.] i. Of external origin, arising outside the organism. 2. Ectoblastic. exotheimic (eks-o-thur'mik) [G. exo, outside, + thermos, warmth.] 1. Noting a chemical com- pound the formation of which is attended with the development of heat. 2. Relating to the external warmth of the body. exothymopexy (eks-o-thi'mo-peks-if). An opera- tion similar to exothyreopexy performed on the enlarged thymus gland. exothyreopexy (eks-o-thi're-o-peks-i) [G. exo, outside, + thyreos, shield (thyroid), + pexis. fastening.] Suture of the thyroid gland into an external wound for the purpose of inducing atrophy. exo'tospore [G. exo, outside.] Sporozoite. exotox'ic (eks-o-toks'ik). i. Relating to an exo- toxin. 2. Relating to the introduction of an exogenous poison or toxin. exotox'in [G. exo, outside.] A toxin excreted by a microorganism, and which can be recovered by filtration from a culture without destruction of the producing agent. exotro'pia [G exo, outward,' + trope, turn.] Exter- nal squint. expan'sion [L. expandere, to spread out.] 1 . An in- crease in size. 2. The spreading out of any struc- ture, as a tendon. 3. An expanse, a wide area. expectancy (eks-pek'tan-si) [L. expectare, to await.] Expectation, life e., the number of years re- maining to one at a given age if he is to reach, the average length' of life. expec'tant. Waiting, looking for, e. treat'ment, management of a disease by giving little medica- tion, but watching for the symptoms or indications and treating them as they arise. expecta'tion of life. Life expectancy.* expec'torant [L. ex, out, + pectus, chest.] i. Pro- moting secretion from the mucous membrane of the air-passages or facilitating its expulsion. 2. An agent which increases bronchial secretion and facilitates its expulsion. expectora'tion. i. Sputum ; mucus and other fluids formed in the air-passages and expelled by coughing. 2. Spitting; the expelling from the mouth of saliva, mucus, and other material from the air-passages, prune-juice e., c. of a thin reddish fluid containing blood. expel' [L. expelUre.l To drive out. expiration (ek-spi-ra'shun) [L. exspirare, to breathe out.] Exhalation (i), breathing out. expi'ratory. Relating to expiration. expire'. 1. To breathe out, to exhale. 2. To die. explanf [L. ex, out of, from.] To transfer from' the body to an artificial medium for growth. explode' [L. explodere, to drive away by clapping.] I. To cause chemical changes or disintegration accompanied by noisy violence. 2. To burst. 3. To break out suddenly, as an epidemic. explora'tion [L. explorare, to explore.] Examina- tion, investigation; a search for S3rmptoms to aid in diagnosis. explor'atory. Relating to or with a view to explora- tion, e. incis'ion, e. opera'tion, e. punc'ture, etc., an incision, operation, puncture, etc., made in order to ascertain the condition present. explo'sion. A sudden discharge of nerve force. explo'siye. Capable of, or with a tendency to, explosion. express' [L. expressus; expremere, to press out.] To press or squeeze out. expression (eks-presh'un). i. Squeezing out, expel- ling by pressure. \i. Facies. expul'sive [L. expulsus; expellere, to drive out.] Tending to expel, e. pains, effective labor pains, those associated with contraction of the uterine muscle. exsanguinate (ek-sang'gwin-at) [L. ex, out, -f- sanguis, blood.] i. To deprive of blood, to make bloodless. 2. Exsanguine. exsanguina'tion. Depriving of blood, making exsanguine. exsanguine (ek-sang'gwin). Bloodless, anemic. exsect' [L. exsecius; exsecare, to cut out.] To excise, to cut out a portion of an organ, a bone, or any other part. exsec'tion. Excision, the cutting out of a portion of bone, of an organ, or of any tissue or part. exsic'cant [L. exsiccare, to dry out.] i. Drying, absorbing a discharge. 2. A dusting or drying powder. ex'siccate. To dry, absorb moisture from. exsicca'tion. The process of drying. exsomatize (ek-so'mi-tiz) [G. ek, out of, -)- soma, body.] To remove from the body. EXSTROPHY 346 EXTRACTUM ex'strophy [G. ex, out, + strophe, a turning.] A congenital turning out or eversion of a hollow organ, e. of the bladder, a congenital absence of the anterior wall of the bladder and of the abdom- inal wall in front of it, the posterior wall of the bladder being exposed. eztempoia'neous [L. ex, according to, + tempus, time.] Offhand, without preparation, e. mix- ture, one prepared at the time ordered, according to the directions of a prescription, as distinguished from a stock preparation. extend' [L. extendere, to stretch out.] To straighten a limb, to diminish or extinguish the angle formed by flexion; to place the distal segment of a limb in such a position that its axis is continuous with that of the proximal segment. extension (eks-ten'shun) [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending a limb. -z. The position of a limb that is extended. 3. A pulling or drag- ging force exerted on a limb in a direction away from the body. Buck's e., see Buck. exten'sor. A muscle the contraction of which tends to straighten a limb; the antagonist of a flexor; see iinder ■musculus. exte'rior [L.] Outside, external. extern (ek'stum) [F. exierne, outside, a day scholar.] An advanced student or recent graduate who assists in the rnedical or surgical care of hospital patients, but who lives outside of the institution. externe' [Fr.] Extern. exter'nal [L. externus.'\ Exterior, on the outside; of two similar structures the one farther from the center of the body, lateral; opposed to inter- nal, or medial. exteroceptive (eks"ter-o-sep'tiv) [L. exterus, outside, + capere, to take.] Relating to the exterocep- tors, noting the surface of the body containing the end-organs adapted to receive impressions or stimuli from without. exteroceptor (eks"ter-o-sep'tor) [L. evierus, external, -H receptor, receiver.] One of the peripheral end- organs of the afferent nerves in or immediately under the skin or external mucous membrane, which respond to stimulation by external agents. ex'tima [L. fem. of extinius, outermost; sc. tunica, coat.] Adventitia, the outer coat of a blood- vessel. extinc'tion [L. exiinctus; extinguere, to quench.] The act of extinguishing or of being extinguished. e. of mer'cury, trituration of mercury with lard or other vehicle until all visible trace of the metal has disappeared. ex'tine. The exosporium of a pollen grain. extinguish (eks-ting'gwish) [L. extinguere, to abolish, to quench.] To quench, as a flame; to abolish ; to cause loss of identity ; to destroy. extirpation (eks-tur-pa'shun) [L. exstirpare, to root out.] The entire removal of an organ or part or of a pathological structure. extor'sion [L. extorquere, to twist out.] Outward rotation of a limb or of an organ such as the eye. extra-artic'ular. Outside of a joint. extrabucc'al. Outside of the mouth. extrabulbar (eks-trah-bul'bar). Outside of or unrelated to any bulb, such as the bulb of the urethra or the medulla oblongata. ex"tracap'sular. Outside of the capsule of a joint. extracar'pal. 1. Outside of, having no relation to, the carpus. 2. On the outer side of the carpus. extraceU'ular. Outside of the cells. extracorporeal (ek"strah-kor-po're-al). Outside of, or unrelated to, the body or any anatomical "corpus." extracorpus'cular. Outside of the corpuscles, es- pecially the blood-corpuscles. extracra'nial. Outside of the cranial cavity. ex'tract. Extractum. alcohol'ic e., a solid e. obtained by dissolving out in alcohol the princi- ples of a drug soluble in this fluid, a'queous e., a solid e. obtained by means of water as a men- struum, equiv'alent e., valoid. flu'id e., fluid- extractum. liq'uid e., fluid e. hydroalcohol'ic e., a solid e. obtained by dissolving out the principles of the drug soluble in alcohol and water, and then evaporating the solution. extrac'tion [L. extractus; extrakere, to draw out.] 1. The pulling out, as of ct tooth. 2. The re- moval of the active portion of a drug, the making of an extract. extrac'tive. A substance present in vegetable or animal tissue which can be separated by success- ive treatment with alcohol and water and then recovered by evaporation of the solution. extrac'tor. An instrument for use in drawing or pulling out any natural part, as a tooth, or a foreign body. extrac'tum, gen. extrac'ii, pi. extrac'ia [L. ex, out, -i- trahere, to draw.] Extract, solid extract; a class of pharmacopeial preparations obtained by the evaporation of alcoholic or aqueous solutions of the soluble principles of drugs; they are of soft pilular consistency or in the form of dry powder. Most of the extracts are four times the strength of the crude drug. Some extracts, especially of the B.P., are made of the inspissated juice of the fresh plant, e. liq'uidum, the B.P. equivalent of U.S.P. fluidextractum. e. acal'yphffi liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of acalypha; dose llIs-30 (0.3-2.0). e. aconi'ti (U.S.), extract of aconite, one part by weight representing approximately four parts of aconite root; dose gr. % (o.oi). e. adhaCodee lia'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of adhatoda; dose IIU20-60 (1.3-4.0). e. agrop'yri liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of agropyrum, fluide tract of triticum (U.S.); dose 3 1-2 (4 0-8.0). e. al'oes (N.P.), e. al'oes barbaden'sis (Br.), extract of aloes, a yellowish brown powder; dose, gr. i-a (0.06-0.13). e. anthem'idis (Br.), extract of chamomile, a soft solid of a dark brown color; dose, gr. 2-10 (o. 12-0.6). e. bel'se liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of bael fruit; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). e. bellidon'nfie alcohol'icum (Br.), alcoholic extract belladonna, a brownish powder, containing 1 per cent, of the alkaloids; dose, gr. i-i (0.016-0.06). e. belladon'n» folio' rum (U.S.), extract of bella- donna leaves, a soft solid of a brownish green color; this is the pilular extract of belladonna leaves; the pow- dered extract, resembling e.b. alcoholicum of the P.B., is made by drying the alcoholic extract, mixing with mag- nesium oxide and starch, and reducing to a fine powder which should contain 1 .25 per cent, of the alkaloids of belladonna leaves; dose gr, Yi (0.015). e. belladon'nse liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of belladonna (root), containing 0.7s per cent, of alka- loids; dose, HDi-i (0.03-0.06). e. belladon'nse vii'ide (Br.), green extract of bella- donna, an inspissated juice of the fresh leaves and twigs; dose, gr. i-i (0.016-0.06). e. can'nabis (U.S.), e. can'nabis in'dici (Br.), extract of Indian cannabis or Indian hemp, a soft solid of black- ish green color; dose, gr. i-i (0.008-0.016). e. car'nis (N.P.), extract of meat, usually made of foeef though sometimes, especially in Australia, of mut- ton; it occurs in various forms, powder, semisolid, and liquid, containing the nitrogenous bases and variable proportions of albumoses; employed chiefly in the making and flavoring of soups and in fortifying other liquid foods; meat extracts contain very little nourish- ment and are mainly stimulants. e. cas'caiffl sagra'dffi (U.S. and Br.), extract of cas- cara sagrada, a dry powder; dose, gr. 2-7i (o.lj-o.s). lACTUM 347 EXTRAHEPATIC cas'carae sagra'dse liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract scara sagrada; dose, 11530-60 (2.0-4.0). cimicif'ug£e (U.S.), extract of cimicifuga or black sh, a brownish yellow powder; dose, gr. 3-8 1-0,5). cincho'nffi (N.F.), extract of cinchona, extract of ya bark, a dry extract of reddish brown color; gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). cissam'peli liq'uidxim (B.A.), liquid extract of mpelos; dose, TID30-60 (2.0-4.0). col'chici (Br.), extract of colchicum, the inspis- i juice of fresh colchicum conns, a soft solid; dose, -I (o . o 1 6-0 . 06) . corchici cor'mi (U.S.) , extract of colchicum corm ! from the dried corms; an extract of pilular stence; dose, gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.3). colocyn'thidis (U.S.), extract of colocynth, a dry ler; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). colocyn'thidis compos'itum (U.S. and Br.), com- d extract of colocynth, containing colocynth, , cardamom, and scammony; a fine powder; dpse, -S (0.13-0.3)- loni'i (N.F.), extract of conium; dose, gr. J (o .03). digitalis, extract of digitalis, a mass of pilular stence; dose, gr. i (0.06). ergo'tae (U.S. and Br.), extract of ergot, ergotin, b solid; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1 .3). srgo'tse aquo'sum (N.F.), aqueous extract of ergot, ctract made with alcohol and chloroform water; gr. 3 (0.2). euoa'ymi (N.F.) , extract of euonymus, a fine pow- dose, gr. 1-8 (0.06-0.5). euon'ymi sic' cum (Br.), dry extract of euonymus, ymin, a brown powder; dose, gr. 1-2 (o .06-0 .13). fell'is bo'vis (U.S.), extract of oxgall, an alcoholic ,ct, dried and powdered with starch; dose gr. ij fer'ri poma'tum (N.F.), ferrated extract of apple, e malate of iron; prepared by macerating iron in sour apple pulp; chalybeate tonic in dose of gr. ).6). fil'icis liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of male ; dose, 11545-90 (3.0-6.0). gelsem'ii (U.S.), extract of gelsemium, an alcoholic ict, dried and powdered with magnesium oxide and h; dose, gr. i (0 .01). gentian'se (U.S. -and Br.), extract of gentian, a ! of pilular consistence; dose, gr. 1-8 (o . 06-0 . s). glycyrrhi'zse (U.S. and Br.), extract of licorice, rd, black mass, usually found in the shops in the , of sticks; employed chiefly as a flavor and to c the taste of bitter drugs. glycyrrhi'zae depura'tum, purified extract of lic- ; prepared by washing commercial extract of ce and evaporating the solution. glycyrrhi'zae pu'rum "(U.S.), pure extract of ice, an extract made by means of ammonia and jrin, of a pilular consistence, a brown color, and a t taste; used in the preparation of compound ice mixture and to cover the taste of bitter drugs. glycyrrhi'zse spirituo'sum (B.A.), spirituous ict of licorice; extract of licorice 2, water and 90 ent. alcohol each 1 ; dose, 5 i— i (2 - 0-4 ■ o) . gossyp'ii liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of cotton- bark; dose, 1^30-60 (2.0-4.0). hfflmatox'yli (N.F.), extract of hematoxylon, ict of logwood, a dry extract of sweetish and ngent taste; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). hydras'tis (U.S.), extract of hydrastis, extract of in seal, an alcoholic extract, dried and powdered magnesium oxide and starch; dose, gr. 8 (0.5). hyoscy'ami (U.S.), extract of hyoscyamus, extract nbane; of pilular consistence obtained by evapora- of the fiuidextract; dose, gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). hyosc/ami vir'ide (Br.), green extract of hyos- lus, the inspissated juice of fresTi henbane; dose, -8 (0.13-o.s). igna'tiae (N.F.), extract of ignatia, an extract ; with alcohol and water, and, after drying, pow- l with starch in quantity sufficient to make the ct contain 6 per cent, of the combined alkaloids latia; dose gr. i 0.03). jala'p® (N.F. and Br.), extract of jalap, a firm ; dose, gr. S-IS (0.3-1-0). e. ka'vse liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of kavae rhizoma; diuretic in doses of TI]l3o-6o (3.0-4.0). e. krame'riee (N.F. and Br.), extract of krameria, or of rhatany, a dry extract; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1 .3), e. leptan'drse (N.F.), extract of leptandra; a blackish brown powder; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). e. liq'uidum, liquid extract, the B.P. equivalent of the U.S.P. fluidextractum or fluidextract. The B.P. preparations will be found in this list, under ex- tractum [name of drug] Hquidum; those of the U.S.P. under fluidextractum. e. mal'ti (U.S.), extract of malt, a semisolid of the consistence of thick honey; used as a tonic in doses of 32-4 (8.0-16.0), and as a vehicle. e. nu'cis vom'icfle (U.S. and Br.), extract of nux vomica, a dry powder of 5 per cent, strychnine strength; dose, gr. i-i- (0.015-0.03). e. o'pii (U.S. and Br,), extract of opium, a dry powder (U.S.) or mass of pilular consistence (Br.) of so per cent, morphine strength ; dose, gr. i— J (0,015-0.03). e. o'pii liq'uidum (Br.), liquid extract of opium, containing 0.75 per cent, morphine, being of the same strength as the tincture of the B.P,; dose, nps-30 (0.3-2.0). e. physostig'matis (U.S. and Br.), extract of physo- stigma, extract of Calabar bean, a powder containing 2 per cent, of the ether-soluble alkaloids (U.S.), or a firm solid containing an indefinite amount, 2 to 5 per cent., of the alkaloids (Br.); dose. gr. iS-J (0.005— o,oo8);gr. J-i (0,015-0.06) of the B.P. extract. e. picrorrhi'zge liq'uidum (B.A.), liquid extract of picrorrhiza, antiperiodic and tonic in doses of HJ 10-30 (0.6-2 .0). 6. podophyl'Ii (N.F.), extract of podophyllum, of pilular consistency; dose, gr. } (0.015). e. quas'sise (N.P.), extract of quassia, a fine powder; dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). 8. rham'ni purshia'nse, e. cascarae sagradse. e. rhe'i (U.S. and Br.), extract of rhubarb, yellow- ish brown mass of pilular consistence; dose, gr. 5-10 (o.'3-o.6). e. sco'polse (N.F.), extract of scopola, a powder containing 2 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids; dose, gr. i-l (0.008-0.015). e. stramo'nii (U.S. and Br.), extract of stramonium, mass of pilular consistence made from the leaves (U.S.) or from the seed (Br.); the U.S. extract con- tains I per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids, dose, gr. J-J (0.008—0.015); the Br. extract is weaker, dose, gr. i— I (0.015-0.06); there is also a powdered extract in the U.S.P., given in average dose of gr. J (o.ooi). e. strophan'thi (Br.), extract of strophanthus, a powder diluted with milk sugar so as to represent one- half of its weight of strophanthus seed; dose, gr, J-i (0.008-0.015). e. sum'bul (U.S.), extract of sumbul, extract of muskroot, a yellowish brown mass of pilular consist- ence; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). e. tarax'aci (U.S. and Br.), extract of taraxacum, extract of dandelion, a mass of pilular consistence (the B.P. extract is the inspissated juice of the fresh root) ; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3)- e. tarax'aci liq'uidum (Br.); dose, 5 1-2 (4.0-8.0). e. theba'icum, e. opii. e. vibur'ni liq'uidum (B.A.) , liquid extract of viburnum; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). e. vibur'ni prunifo'lii (U.S.), extract of viburnum prunifoUum, a powdered extract one part by weight of which represents five parts of the crude drug; dose, gr. a Co-S). extracystic (eks-trah-sis'tik) . Outside of, or un- related to, the gall-bladder or urinary bladder or any cystic tumor. extradu'ral. i . On the outer side of the dura mater. 2. Unconnected with the dura mater. extraepiphyseal (ek"strah-ep-![-fiz'e-al) . Not relat- ing to, or connected with, an epiphysis. ex"tragen'ital. Outside of, away from, or unre- lated to, the genital organs. extrahepat'ic. Outside of, or unrelated to, the liver. EXTRALIGAMENTOUS 348 EYE ex"traligamen'tous. Outside of, or unconnected with, a ligament. extramalle'olus. External or lateral malleolus. eztramastoiditis (ek'strah-mas-toy-di'(de')tis). In- flammation of the tissues outside the mastoid process. extramed'ullaiy. Outside or unrelated to any medulla, especially the medulla oblongata. extramu'ral [L. murus, wall.] Outside, not in the substance, of the wall of a part. extraneous (eks-tra'ne-us) [L. extraneus.] Out- side of the organism and not belonging to it. extranuclear (ek"strah-nu'kle-ar). Outside of a nucleus. extrapapillary (eks-trah-pap'J-la-ri) . Outside of, or unconnected with any papilla or papillary structure. extraparenchymal (eks-trah-par-en'ld-mal). Unre- lated to the parenchyma of an organ, belonging rather to the stroma. eztraperin'eal. Not connected with the perineum. extraperios'teal. Not connected with, or unrelated to, the periosteum. extraperitoneal (eks-trah-per-i-to-ne'al) . Outside of the peritoneal cavity. extraphysiological (eks^trah-fiz-I-o-loj'i-kal). Out- side of the domain of physiology; more than physiological, therefore pathological. extraplacen'tal. Outside of, or unrelated to, the placenta. extrapo'lar. Outside of, not between the poles of, an electric battery. extraprostat'ic. Outside of, or independent of, the prostate gland. eztrapurmonaiy. Outside the lungs, having no relation to the lungs. extrapyram'idal. Outside of the pyramidal tracts. extrase'rous. Outside of a serous cavity. extrasomatic (ek"strah-so-mat'ik). Outside of, or unrelated to, the body. extra-systole (eks-trah-sis'to-le). The premature contraction of one or more chambers of the heart, the fundamental rhythm of the cardiac action being maintained, auric'ular e.-s., premature contraction of an auricle, inter'polated e.-s., a contraction occurring between two normal beats of the heart, no'dal e.-s., a prematiire con- traction of both chambers together of one side of the heart, ventrjc'ular e.-s., premature con- traction of the ventricle. extratar'sal. 1. Outside of, having no relation to, the tarsus. 2. On the outer side of the tarsus. extratracheal (eks-trah-tra'ke-al). Outside of the trachea. extratu'bal. Outside of any tube ; specifically not in the Eustachian or Fallopian tube. extrauterine (eks-trah-u'ter-in). Outside of the uterus, e. preg'nancy, ectopic gestation, arrest of the impregnated ovum and more or less com- plete development of the embryo in the ovary, oviduct, or abdominal cavity. extravaginal (eks-trah-vajl-nal). Outside of the vagina. extrav'asate [L. extra, out of, + vas, vessel.] 1. To exude from or pass out of a vessel into the tissues, said of blood, lymph, or serum. 2. As a noun, the material so exuding; extravasation, exudate. extravasation (ek-strav"a-sa'shun). i. The act of escaping from a vessel into the tissues, said of blood, lymph, or serum. 2. Material in the tis- sues which has escaped from a blood-vessel or lymphatic ; exudate, extra vasate. extravas'cular. Outside of the blood-vessels or l3miphatics or of any special blood-vessel. extraventric'ular. Outside of any ventricle, es- pecially of one of the ventricles of the heart. extravisual (ek-strah-vizh'u-al). Outside the direct line of vision, c. zone, the zone outside the visual zone, in which there is a dispersal of rays not properly focussed. extrem'ital. Relating to an extremity, distal. extremitas (ek-strem'i-tas) [L. from extnmus, last, outermost.] i. Extremity, limb, one of the arms or legs. 2. One of the ends of an oval or elongated organ, such as the kidney or ovary. extrin'sic [L. extrinsecus.] Originating outside of the part where found or upon which it acts, noting especially a muscle. extroversion (ek-stro-vur'shun). Turning inside out ; eversion ; exstrophy. ex'tubate [L. ex, out, -t- tuba, tube.] To remove a tube, specifically to extract the tube after laryngeal intubation. extuba'tion. The removal of a tube, specifically the removal of the tube after intubation of the larynx. ex'udate [L. ex, out, -1- sudare, to sweat.] i. To exude. 2. An exudation; a fluid, often eoagu- lable, or formed elements of the blood, extrav- asated into the tissues or any cavity. exuda'tion. i. The act of exuding or oozing. 2. A liquid or semisolid which is being discharged or has been discharged through the tissues to the surface or into a cavity. ex'udative. Relating to the process of exudation or to an exudate. exude' [L. ex, out, -I- sudare, to sweat.] To ooze, to pass out gradually through the tissues, said of a fluid or semisolid. exulcerans (eks-ul'se-ranz) [L. ex, out, + ulcus, ulcer. ] Ulcerating. exiunbilica'tion [L. ex, out, -I- umbilicus, navel.] Exopiphalos. exuviae (ex-u've-e) [L. exuere, to strip off.] Any cast-off parts, as desquamated epidermis. Camit «/" /StAiemm fDeseenvetr The Human Eye. eye (i) [A.S. eSg?.] Oculus, ophthalmos, the organ of vision. It is a nearly spherical body with the segment of a smaller sphere (the cornea) set in at the anterior pole. It has three coats: an outer fibrous protective Coat (the sclera), a middle vascular and pigmented coat (the chorioid), and an inner nervous coat (the retina); the 349 EYETOOTH rior part of the sclera is wanting, its place J taken by the transparent cornea; the lie and inner coats are also wanting ante- •f. The interior of the eye contains the re- ing media. Immediately behind the cornea te anterior chamber, separated from the srior chamber by a retractile diaphragm iris), with an aperture in its center (the 7); the anterior and posterior chambers SUed with a clear fluid (the aqueous humor). posterior chamber is bounded posteriorly he most important refracting medium (the alline lens). The cavity of the eyeball nd the lens is filled with a gelatinous sub- ce (the vitreous humor or vitreous body). he periphery of the iris, connecting it with chorioid coat, is the ciliary body, composed le orbiculus ciliaris and the ciliary processes, lar in structure to the chorioid coat,, and the ry muscle, composed of radial and circular riped fibers ; the ciliary muscle is the muscle ccommodation, acting on the crystalline lens idjust it for the varying distances of near m. The optic nerve enters the eyeball near posterior pole and its fibers are distributed lie posterior part of the retina. The various cles moving the eyeball are attached to the ■a externally, amaurot'ic cat's e., a yellow ix from the dilated pupil in cases of glioma ;he retina, artifi'cial e., a curved disc of jue glass, with an imitation iris and pupil he center, inserted beneath the eyelids and ported by the stump left after evisceration or :leation; it may be a thin shell, or a "Snellen rm eye" which is thicker and hollow, black- cchymosis of the lids and their surroundings. ag e., the eye, in cases of squint, which is cted toward the object looked at. hot e., ty conjimctivitis or episcleritis, pink e., ;e epidemic conjimctivitis. squint'ing e., eye, in cases of squint, which is not directed ard the object looked at. wa'tery e., epiphora. Qce, anophthalmia, ophthalmosteresis. adhesion rbital tissues, syncantnus. angle, canthus. arti- 1, hypoblepharon. calculus, ophthalmolith, de- ;tion, ophthalmocace, ophthalmolyma, ophthal- hthisis. disease, ophthalmopathy, disuse, anop- divisioa of a muscle or tendon, ophthalmomy- ly. enlargement, ophthalmacrosis, megalophthal- ezamlnatlon, ophthalmoscopy, excision, enu- ;ion, ophthahnectomy. fatigue, asthenopia, copi- , ophthaimocopia, eyestrain, fissure, coloboma. ening, glaucoma, hemorrhage from, ophthal- rhagia. hemorrhage into, hemophthalmia. ina- r to close, lagophthalmia. inflammation, ophthal- ophthalmitis, entophthalmia, panophthalmia; see under conjunctiva, measurement, ophthalmom- oscillation, nystagmus, ophthalmodonesis. pam, almalgia, ophthalmodynia, paralysis of muscles, halmoplegia, ophthalmoparalysis. pigmentation, halmomelanosis. position of axis, normal, iso- ■ia, mesoropter; deviation up, hyperphoria, hyper- ia, up and in, hyperesophoria, up and out, hyper- phoria; dawn, hypophoria, hypotropia, down and m , Jesophoria, down and outward, hypoexophona;_jM, horia, esoptropia, convergent s'rab-smus OTsqumt; exophoria, exotrooia, divergent strabismus or nt. protrusion, exoohthalmus, ophthalmocele, ;halmoptosis, exorbitism, p ocidentia ocuh. punc- , ophthalmocentesis, paracentesis bulbi, para- centesis oculi. rupture, ophthalmorrhexis. shrinking, microphthalmia, sinking in, enophthalmos. soften- ing, ophthalmomalacia, specialist in diseases of, oculist, ophthalmologist, ophthalmiater. specialty or diseases, ophthalmology, . ophthalmiatrics, ophthal- monosoiogy. eye'ball. The globe of the eye, the eye proper without the appendages.* eye'brow, i, Superoilium, the crescentic line of hairs at the upper edge of the orbit, marking the upper limit of the upper eyelid. 2. The arch formed by the upper margin of the orbit. eye'lash. Cilium, one of the stiff hairs projecting from the tarsal margin of the eyelid. eye'lid. One of the two movable folds of skin (upper and lower eyelids), lined with conjunctiva, continuous with the integument of the face, in front of the eyeball. The free edge of each eyelid is stiffened with a framework of fibrous connective tissue, the tarsus, between which and the conjunctiva are the Meibomian* glands. At the free margin of each eyelid is a row of stiff hairs, the cilia or eyelashes. The angle or junction of the eyelids at either side is called the canthus absence, ablepharon. adhesion between, ankylobleph- aron, blepharosynechia, blepharosymphysis, blepharo- cleisis; congenital, cryptophthalmus. discoloration, blepharomelasma, blepharochromidrosis, blepharo- dyschroia. drooping of upper, ptosis, blepharoplegia, blepharoptosis. edema, blepharedema. eversion, ectropion, ecstiophe, fissure, blepharocoloboma. in- ability to close, lagophthalmia. mcision, blepharot- omy, tarsotomy, inflammation, blepharitis, blephar- adenitis, blepharoblennorrhea, blepharopyorrhea. in- version, entropion, enstrophe. large size, macroble- pharia. narrow slit between, blmharophimosis, blepharostenosis. phlegmon, sty, hordeolum, jilastic surgery, blepharoplasty, tarsoplasty. pouching of upper, blepharochalasis. sebaceous cyst, chalazion, chalaza. small size, microblepharia, resulting in lagophthalmia. suturing, blepharorrhaphy, tarsor- rhaphy, thickening, blepharopachynsis, pachybleph- aron. tumor, blepharoncus, tarsophyma, blepharo- phyma, pladaroma. twitching, blepharospasm , blephar- ism, blepharoclonus. wide opening between, blepharo- diastasis. eye-mem'ory. Memory chiefly of what is seen. eyepiece (i'pes). The compound lens at the end of the microscope-tube nearest the eye; it mag- nifies the image made by the lens at the other end, or the objective ; see cut under microscope. eye-spec'ulum. Blepharostat, an instrument for keeping the eyelids apart during inspection of or operation on the eye. eye'spot. i. The beginning of the eye in the em- bryo. 2. A colored spot or plastid (chromato- phore) in a unicellular organism. 3. Ocellus. eyestone (i'ston). A small smooth shell or other object which is inserted beneath the eyelid for the purpose of removing a foreign body. eyestrain (i'stran). Asthenopia, ophthaimocopia; tire of the ciliary muscle or of some of the ex- trinsic muscles of the eyeball, due to errors of refraction or to imbalance of the ocular muscles; the symptoms are, in different cases, pain in the eyes, lacrymation, sties, headache, vertigo, nausea, and various other reflex symptoms. eyetooth (i-tooth')- One of the upper canine teeth. 35° FACUl F. Abbreviation for field of vision, Fahrenheit; chemical symbol of fluorine. Abbreviation for filial generation, or the offspring resulting from a certain mating ; the offspring from an initial mating are called collectively the first filial generation (Fi), their offspring comprise the second filial genera- tion {F2), etc. fabel'la [L. dim. of faba, bean.] One of two small fibrocartilages or sesamoid bones in the tendons of .the gastrocnemius muscle. fabere sign (fab'S-re) [flexion, abduction, external rotation, extension, these being the movements which elicit, pain when the sign is positive.] Patrick's* test. fabia'na [Fabiano, a Spanish botanist.] The dried leaves and twigs of Fabiana imbricata, pichi, a shrub of Chije; recommended in the treatment of vesical catarrh, renal calculi, and ' biliousness," in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6) of the extract, or 1IK30-60 (2.0-4.0) of the fluidextract. fa'bism [L. faba, bean.] Lathyrism. face [L. fades.] The anterior portion of the head, containing the features. facet, facette (fas'et. fS.-set') [Fr. facette.] i. A small smooth area on a bone or other firm struc- ture, z. A worn spot on a tooth. Fachingen, Germany (fahkh'ing-en). Alkaline-car- bonated waters. Used by drinking in infectious diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever, in malaria, rheumatism, nephritis, the uric acid diathesis, diabetes, heartburn, gastric catarrh, and intestinal diseases. facial (fa'shal). Relating to the face. f. pal'sy, f. paral'ysis, Bell's paralysis, a unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles supplied by the seventh nerve, f. percep'tion, the perception of objects, their situation and their character, through sensation in the skin of the face; sometimes felt in the dark by the seeing, but more commonly present in the blind, f. spasm, mimic tic. f. sur'face, the labial or buccal surface of a tooth; opposed to the lingual surface. facies (fash'e-Sz) [L.] i. Face, countenance. 2. Expression. 3. [BNA] Surface, f. abdomina'- lis, a pinched expression of the face occurring in one suffering from disease of the abdominal viscera, f. ante'rior [BNA], the anterior or proximal contact surface of a premolar or molar tooth, f. bucca'lis [BNA], the buccal surface of a premolar or molar tooth, f. cerebra'lis, the internal surface of a cranial bone. f. contac'tus [BNA], contact surface, that surface of a tooth which touches its neighbor in the same row; it is called the proximal surface (f . medialis of canine or incisor, f. anterior of premolar or molar) when it looks toward the preceding tooth in the row, the distal surface (f. lateralis of canine or incisor, f. posterior of premolar or molar) when it looks toward the succeeding tooth in the row. f . hepat'ica, a thin face, with sallow skin, yellow- ish conjunctivae, and sunken eyeballs, noted in certain chronic affections of the liver, f. hippo- crat'ica, Hippocratic* facies. f. labia'lis [BNA], the anterior, or labial, surface of an incisor or canine tooth, f. latera'lis [BNA], the lateral or distal surface of an incisor or canine tooth, that contact surface which looks toward the foUoi tooth in the row. f. lingua'lis [BNA], the lin or inner surface of a tooth, that surface w looks toward the tongue, f. masticato'ria [Bl the masticating, chewing, or grinding surface tooth, f . media'lis [BNA], the proximal surfai an incisor or canine tooth, that contact sui which looks toward the preceding tooth in row. f. os'sea[BNA], the bony skeleton of the! f. ovar'ica, the pinched drawn face of a wo: with ovarian tumor, Wells's facies. f. poi rior, the posterior or distal contact surface premolar or molar tooth, f. symphys'eos, s physeal surface of the pubis. Hutch'inson' see Hutchinson, le'onine f., the large furro face, fancifully compared to that of a lion, see certain cases of tubercular leprosy, myopa' f ., a peculiar appearance caused by protrusio the lips, due to muscular weakness, by droopit the lids, and by general relaxation of the mu: of the face. Par'kinson's f., see Parkin ty'phoid f., the expression is dull and he; there is often a dusky hue, and the conjunc are injected. Wells's f., f. ovarica. faciobrachial (fa-shyo-bra'ld-al). Relating to face and the arm, noting a form of juvenile i cular dystrophy. faciocervical (fa-shyo-sur'vl-kal). Relating to face and the neck, noting a form of progres dystrophy of the muscles of these regions. faciolin'gual. Relating to the face and the ton noting a paralysis affecting these parts. facioplegia (fa"si-o-ple'ji-ah) [L. facies, face, G. plege, a stroke.] Prosopoplegia, facial ps facioscapulohumeral (fa"shyo-skap"u-lo-hu'mur Relating to the face, the scapula, and the u] arm, noting a form of muscular dystrophy, 01 fantUe progressive muscular atrophy. F.A.C.P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Air can College of Physicians. F.A.C.S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Am can College of Surgeons. factitious (fak-tish'us) [L. factitius, made by 1 Artificial,. not natural; said especially of cer lesions of the skin. factor (fak'tor) [L. maker, causer.] x. One of contributing causes in any action, z. The two figures in the specific gravity of a specime urine, multiplication of which by a definite fij gives a formula for estimating the amount of sc preseni; see Trapp-Haeser formula. 3. Gene, facultative (fak'ul-ta-tiv) [L. facultas, facu Having the power to do a thing but not h obliged to do it. f. a'erobe, a bacterium whic normally anaerobic but which can adapt itsei aerobic conditions, f. ana'erobe, a bacter which is normally aerobic but which is capabl growth in the absence of oxygen, f. hyper tro'pia, f . hypero'pia, that part of existing hy metropia which can be corrected by an effoi the accommodation, f . par'asite, a microbe wl is normally saprophytic but may on occa become parasitic, f. Bap'rophyte, a mici which is usually parasitic but which may, occasion, live and grow as a saprophyte. tac'ulty [L. facultas; facilitas, ease.] i. Capabilit FACULTY 3SI FARADIZATION some special direction. 2. The properly qualiiied members of some body or profession, as the medical faculty. 3. An organized collection of individuals authorized to teach in a university or in a special school of the university, and em- powered in the name of the university to grant degrees. faded-leaf appear'ance. The peculiar speckled appearance noted in the fatty cardiac muscle in pernicious anemia. fee'ces. Feces. Fagaia flava (fS-gah'rah flah'vah). West Indian satinwood. Faget's sign (fa-zha') Qean Charles Paget, French physician, *i8i8.] A falling pulse with a rising or horizontal temperature curve, claimed to be pathognomonic of yellow fever. fagop'yrism, fagopyris'mus [L. fagus, beech, + pyros, wheat.] Poisoning by buckwheat, an idiosyncrasy marked by nausea and vomiting, urticaria, and irritation of the conjunctiva and nasal mucous membrane. Fahrenheit scale (fahr'en-hit skal) [Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, German physicist, 1686—1736.] The degree markings on the F. thermometer, in which the freezing point is 32°, the point of boiling water 212°, the zero indicating the lowest tem- perature F. could obtain by a mixture of ice and salt. A degree F. is f of a degree Celsius,* f of a degree Reaumur.* (See the Appendix.) faint (fant). i. Extremely weak, threatened with syncope. 2. An attack of syncope. faith-cure. The system of treatment of disease by the suggestion that a, return to health will cer- tainly occur. fal'cate, fal'cifonn [L. falx, sickle, + forma, form.] Sickle-shaped, crescentic. falcial (fal'shal). Relating to the falx cerebelli or falx cerebri. fal'cula [L. dim. of falx.l Falx cerebelli. fal'cular. i. Relating to the falx cerebelli. a. Crescentic, sickle-shaped. fallec'tomy. Salpingectomy. fall'ing of the womb. Prolapsus uteri, procidentia uteri, metroptosia, hysteroptosia. fall'ing-sickness. Epilepsy. Fallo'pian aq'ueduct [GabrieleFo/fc^io, orFalloppio, Italian anatomist, 1523-1562.] Aquaeductus Fallopii, facial canal, a minute opening giving passage to the facial nerve through the petrous portion of the temporal bone. F. arch, F. liga- ment. F. canal', F. aqueduct. F. hia'tus, an opening on the cerebral side of the petrous bone giving passage to the great superficial petrosal nerve, the motor branch of the Vidian. F. lig'ament, Poupart's ligament, Ugamentum* in- guinale. F. neuri'tis, a perineuritis of the facial nerve in the F. canal, producing pressure on the nerve and consequent facial paralysis. F. tube, oviduct, tuba*uterina. fallos'tomy. Salpingostomy. fallot'omy. Salpingotomy. false. Artificial, not real; in composition, pseudo-. falx [L. sickle.] One of two sickle-shaped partitions of dura mater between the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, f. aponeurot'ica, f. inguinalis. f. cerebel'li [BNA], a short process of dura mater projecting forward from the internal occipital crest below the tentorium; it occupies the pos- terior cerebellar notch and the vallecula, and bifurcates below into two diverging limbs pass- ing to either side of the foramen magnum, f. cer'ebri [BNA], the double fold of dura mater in the great longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres; it is attached ante- riorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid and behind to the upper surface of the tentorium, f. inguinalis [BNA], conjoined or conjoint tendon; common tendon of insertion of the transversus and obliquus internus muscles into the crest and spine of the pubis and iliopectineal line, f . ligamento'sa, falciform ligament, the broad ligament of the liver. fa'mes [L.] Himger. f. cani'na, f. bovi'na, bulimia. famil'ial [L. familia, family.] Family-; affecting several members of the same family, noting especially certain nervous diseases. fam'ily [L. familia, household.] i. A group of blood relatives, or, more strictly, the parents and their children. 2. In biological classification a division, denoted by the termination -idcB, be- tween the order and the genus. fam'ine-fe'ver. Relapsing* fever. fang [A.S. fohan, to seize.] 1. A long tooth or tusk 2. The hollow tooth of a snake through which the venom is ejected. 3. The root of a tooth, espe- cially one of the two or three tapering or flattened projections forming the root of a molar tooth. fang'hole. The infundibulum, or mark, in an in- cisor tooth of the horse. fango (fang'go) [It. mud.] Mud from the Battaglio thermal springs in Italy, applied externally in the treatment of rheumatism and other diseases of the joints and muscles, f. ther'apy, f. treat'- ment, treatment of rheumatic, gouty, and other diseases by applications of f. or other muds. Farabeuf's amputa'tion (far-4-befO [Louis Hubert Fardbeuf, Paris surgeon, 1841-1910.] Amputa- tion of the leg, the flap being large and on the external side. F.'s opera'tion, isch- iopubiototny. F.'s saw, a saw with the ' blade so set in the frame that it can be inclined at any angle and there fixed. far'ad [Faraday.] A practical unit of electrical capacity, being the capacity of a condenser hav- ing a charge of one coulomb under an electromotive force of one volt. farada'ic. Faradic. Farabeuf's Amputation: The Faraday's laws (fSr'S- heavy line indicates the line of J \ n\T:«i,«.^i c«*^ incision for the external flap ; da) [Michael Foro- ^j^^ ^^^^^^ ,i„^_ ^^^^ incision day, English physi- on the inner side of the leg. cist, 1791-1867.] 1. The amount of an electrolyte decomposed by a. galvanic current is proportional to the strength of the current. 2. When the same current is passed through several electrolytes, the amounts of the different substances decomposed are pro- portional to their chemical equivalents. F. space, a dark space between the positive column and the negative glow when a current is passed through a partially exhausted tube. farad'ic. Relating to induced electricity. farad"ipun'cture. The application of faradic elec- tricity by means of needle electrodes thrust into the tissues. far'adism, Faradic (induction) electricity. faradiza'tion. The therapeutic application of the faradic, or induced, electrical current. FARADIZE 3S2 FASCICULUS far'adize. To treat by means of an induced or faradio electrieal current. faiadocontractility (far"a-do-kon-trak-tll'i-tI). The contractility of the muscles under the stimulus of a faradio current. f aradomuscular (f ar°i-do-mus'ku-lar) . Noting the effect of applying a faradic, current directly to a muscle. faradonervous (f ar"a-do-nur'vus) . Noting the effect of faradization of a nerve trunk. farcin du boeuf (far-san'du-bSf) [Fr. cattle farcy.] A cattle disease in Guadaloupe, characterized by suppurative lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, the glands discharging a creamy pus containing Actinomyces jarcinica. farcino'ma. Farcy-bud. far'cy [L. farcire, to stuff.] A form of equinia in which the cutaneous lesions predominate, f. bud, f. butf on, farcinoma, one of a number of nodules formed along the course of the sub- cutaneous lymphatics in cases of equinia. f. oil the yellowish, viscid discharge from f.-buds f . pipe, a hard cord in the skin in chronic glanders, resulting from induration of a lymphatic vessel. far'del-bound [Fr. fardeau, a package, load.] Reten- tion of food in the third stomach of a ruminant. farfara (far'far-ah) [L. farfarus, coltsfoot.] (N.F.) Coltsfoot leaves, tussilago leaves, the dried leaves of Tussilago farfara; employed chiefly in domestic practice in the treatment of bronchitis in dose of 5i (4'0)i or iii infusion, or as candy. farl'na [L.] Flour, meal. f. ave'nse, oatmeal, prepared from the grain of Avena saiiva, official in the U.S.P. of 1870; in the form of gruel it is employed as a laxative article of diet and also externally as a poultice, f. trit'ici (Br.), wheaten flour, the ground and sifted grain of Triticum sativum, wheat; an article of diet, sometimes employed externally, moistened with hot milk or water, as a poultice. farina'ceous. 1. Relating to farina or flour, x. Starchy. Farm'ville Lith'ia Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-car- bonated waters. Eight or ten springs. Used by drinking in gout, dyspepsia, Bright's disease, and in renal and vesical calculus. The entire year. far-point. Punctum remotum, the distance at which an object must be upon which the eyes can be focussed without an effort of accommoda- tion ; about twenty feet. Far'rant's flu'id. A fluid containing gum arable, glycerin, and arsenic, for the preservation of delicate anatomical specimens. Farre's line (far) [Frederick John Farre, English gynecologist, 1804-1886.] A whitish line mark- ing the insertion of the mesovarium on the ovary. Farre's tu'bercles (far) [John Richard Farre, English physician, 1775-1862.] Nodules of cancerous tissue on the surface of the liver. far-sight. Hypermetropia, hyperopia, presbyopia. farsight'edness. The condition of having far-sight. fascia (fash'yah), pi. jasciee [L. a band or fillet.] I. A sheet of fibrous tissue enveloping the body beneath the skin, and also enclosing the muscles and groups of muscles and separating their several layers or groups. 2. Same as fascia dentata. bicipital f., lacertus fibrosus [BNA]. deep f., a thin fibrous membrane, devoid of fat, which invests the muscles, separating the several groups and the individual muscles, forms sheaths t|nfor the nerves and vessels, becomes specialized around the joints to form or strengthen ligaments, envelops various organs and glands, and binds all the structures together into a firm, compact mass, f. bul'bi [BNA], f. of the- eyeball, Tenon's capsule, a hemispherical connective-tissue bag enclosing the posterior portion of the eyeball, ending anteriorly at the conjunctival fornix; it is pierced by the optic nerve and the tendons of the ocular muscles along whicfi it sends pro- longations, f. cine'rea [L. j:inereus, ashen], a band-like structure passing from each lateral stria of the corpus callosum below the germ to the dentate f. f. cremaster'ica. Cooper's f., one of the coverings of the spermatic cord, formed of deticate connective tissue and of muscular fibers derived from the internal oblique muscle. f. cribro'sa [BNA], cribriform f., the part of the superficial fascia of the thigh which covers the oval fossa, or saphenous opening, f. denta'ta hippocam'pi [BNA], dentate fascia of the hippo- campus, gyrus dentatus, a rudimentary gyrus of the temporal lobe continuous with the f . cinerea; it is a toothed band of gray matter between the upper surface of the gyrus hippocampi and the fimbria, being partly covered by the latter from which it is separated by the sulcus fimbrio- dentatus. f. diaphrag'matis pel'vis infe'iior [BNA], anal or ischiorectal f., covering the outer surface of the pelvic diaphragm, f. dia- phrag'matis pel'vis supe'rior [BNA], recto- vesical fascia, the layer of f . covering the upper surface of the pelvic diaphragm and forming the inner sheath of the levator ani muscle, f. dia- phrag'matis urogenita'lis infe'rior [BNA], super- ficial or perineal layer of the triangular liga- ment, f. diaphrag'matis urogenitalis supe'rior [BNA], deep or pelvic layer of the triangular ligament, f. la'ta [BNA], broad fascia, the strong fascia enveloping the muscles of the thigh. f. obturato'ria [BNA], the portion of the pelvic f . which passes across and closes, except for the obturator canal, the obturator foramen, f . pal- ma'ris,. aponeurosis palmaris [BNA]. f. plan- ta'ris, aponeurosis plantaris [BNA]. f. trans- versa'lis, the lining fascia of the abdominal cavity, between the inner surface of the abdomi- nal musculature and the peritoneum, f. trian- gula'ris abdom'inis, CoUes's reflex ligament, ligamentum* inguinale reflexum. intercolum'- nar f., fibrse intercolumnares, fibrse intercrurales [BNA]. semilu'nar f., lacertus fibrosus [BNA]. superflc'ial f., a loose fibrous envelope beneath the skin, containing more or less fat in its meshes (panniculus adiposus) or fasciculi of muscular tissue (panniculus camosus); it contains the cutaneous vessels and nerves and is in relation by its under surface with the deep fascia. fascial (fash'yal). Relating to any fascia. fascicle (fas'l-kl) [L. fasciculus, a small bundle.] In botany, a cymose inflorescence formed of a number of flowers on pedicels of equal length. fascicled (fasl-kld). Fasciculated; in botany grow- ing in a tuft or bundle. fascic'ular. Relating to a fasciculus; arranged in the form of a bundle or collection of rods. fascic'ulate, fascic'ulated. Fascicular. fascicula'tion (fa-sik-u-la'shun). An arrangement in the form of fasciculi. fasciculus, gen. and pi. fasciculi (fS-sik'u-lus) [L. dim. of fascis, bundle.] Fascicle; a small band or bundle of fibers, usually of muscle- or nerve-fibers. atrioventric'ular or auriculoventric'ular f ., His's band or bundle, atrioventricular bundle.* f. ante'rior pro'prius [BNA], proper anterior fas- ciculus, anterior ground or basis bundle, Flechsig's fasciculus; a subdivision of the anterior funiculus or VSCICULUS 3S3 FASCIOLA white column of the spinal cord, containing fibers from the cells of the cord itself. f. anterolatera'lis superficia'lis [BNA], superficial anterolateral fasciculus, Gowers' tract; a tract of ascending fibers on the lateral surface of the spinal cord anterior to the cerebellospinal fasciculus. f, arcua'tus, f. longitudinalis superior. f. cerebellospina'lis [BNAl, cerebellospinal fasciculus direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig; a band-like tract of ascending white fibers on the posterolateral surface of the spinal cord immediately in front of the line of entrance of the posterior nerve-roots. f, cerebrospinal lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior cere- brospinal or pyramidal fasciculus, Tuerck's column, direct pyramidal tract, a subdivision of the anterior funiculus, or white column, of the spinal cord. f. cerebrospina'Us latera'lis [BNA], lateral cerebro- spinal or pyramidal fasciculus, crossed pyramidal tract; a tract of descending fibers in the spinal cord just anterior to the cerebellospinal fasciculus and to the outer side of the posterior column or horn of gray matter. 10 5 4 :oss Section op the Spinal Cord in the Cervical Region (Schematic): i. Fasciculus cuneatus, Bur- dach's column; 2, fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis, crossed pyramidal tract; 3, fasciculus lateralis pro- prius, lateral ground bundle; 4, fasciculus anterior proprius, Flechsig's fasciculus, anterior ground bundle; S, fasciculus cerebrospinalis ventralis, direct pyram- idal tract, Tuerck's fasciculus; 6, fasciculus inter- medius; 7, fasciculus anterolateralis superficiahs, Gowers' tract; 8, fasciculus cerebellospinalis, Flech- sig's direct cerebellar tract; 9. fasciculus marginalis, Spitzka's, or Lissauer's, marginal tract; 10, fasciculus gracilis, GoU's tract or column. {Landouzy andjayle). f, cunea'tus [BNA], wedge-shaped fasciculus, col- umn or tract of Burdach, the outer tract of the posterior funiculus, or white column, of the spinal cord, containing many fibers from the posterior nerve- roots. f. ex'ilis^ a small bundle of muscle-fibers arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus or the coronoid process of the ulnar, and joining the flexor longus poUicis muscle. f. grac'ilis [BNA], slender fasciculus, column or tract of Goll; the inner division of the posterior funicu- lus, or white column, of the spinal cord, containing ascending sensory fibers. f. interme'dius, the rubrospinal, cerebellospinal, lateral vestibulospinal, and oUvospinal tracts collect- ively. f. latera'lis pro'prius [BNA], proper lateral fasciculus, Flechsig's lateral fasciculus, lateral ground or basis bundle; a tract constituting the inner portion of the lateral funiculus or white column of the spinal cord, containing association fibers from cells of the cord itself. f. longitudinalis infe'rior, inferior longitudinal f., a well marked bundle of long association fibers running the whole length of the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, in part parallel with the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. ' f. longitudina'Us media'lis [BNA], medial longitudi- nal fasciculus, posterior longitudinal bundle, a longi- tudinal bundle of fibers running from the mesencepha- lon to the spinal cord through the tegmentum of the cerebral peduncle, between the central gray stratum and the red nucleus, just beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle. f. longitudina'Us supe'rior, superior longitudinal f., a bundle of long association fibers in the lateral portion of the centrum ovale of the cerebral hemi- sphere, connecting the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes; the fibers pass from the frontal lobe through the operculum to the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure, where many fibers radiate into the occipital lobe and others turn downward and forward around the putamen and pass to the anterior portion of the temporal lobe. f. macula'ris, the collection of fibers in the optic nerve directly connected with the macula lutea. f. margina'lis, Spitzka's* marginal tract. f. obli'quus pon'tis [BNA], oblique bundle of the pons, a bundle of fibers in the ventral surface of the pons running from the anterior mesial portion outward and backward. i. occipitofronta'lis, occipitofrontal fasciculus, a bundle of fibers running from the frontal to the occipi- tal lobes of the cerebrum, close to the lateral ventricle, and believed by some anatomists to constitute the greater part of the tapetum. f. ova'lis, median root zone, a collection of special nerve-fibers in the posterior funiculus, or white coliunn, of the spinal cord near the posterior septum. f . pedun'''culomamilla'ris[ BNA], pedunculomammil- lary f. or bundle, pedunculus corporis mamillaris, a fiber tract running from the corpus mamillare to the tegmentum and base of the cerebral peduncle. f.. pro'prius, ground-bundle, see f. lateralis proprius. f. pyramida'lis ante'rior, f. cerebrospinalis anterior. i. pyramida'lis latera'lis, f. cerebrospinalis lateralis. f. retroflex'us [BNA], retroflex fasciculus, Meynert's retroflex bundle, a small band of fibers coming from the nucleus habenulse running downward and forward in the tegmentum to the interpeduncular ganglion. f. rotun'dus, f. solitarius. f, Bolita'riuSf solitary f., a bundle of longitudinal fibers beginning at the upper part of the medulla and running down, on the outer side of the vagus nucleus, to the level of the fourth cervical nerve; most of its fibers belong to the glossopharyngeal nerve, f. subcallo'sus, a bundle of association fibers running beneath 'the corpus callosum from the frontal to the occipital lobes. f . te'res, a bundle of nerve-fibers in the floor of the fourth ventricle on either side of the central groove, between it and the fovea superior; its surface indica- tion is the eminentia teres. f. thal"amomamilla'ris [BNA], thalamomammillary bundle, bundle of Vicq d'Azyr, a thick bundle of fibers which passes upward from the corpus mamillare on either side to terminate in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. f. uncina'tus [BNA], uncinate, unciform, or hooked f., a band of long association fibers connecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebrum, running backward in the orbital portion of the frontal lobe, arching over the Sylvian fissure, and then passing for- ward toward the temporal pole. fasciodesis (fash-yod'es-is) [fascia +. G-. desis, a binding together.] The operative attachment of a fascia to another fascia or a tendon. Fasciola (fa,-se'o-lah) [I^. dim. of fascia.] A genus of Trematoda or flukes. F. america'na, F. magna, Distomum magnum, ix fluke found in the lungs and liver of cattle in North America ; it is not known to infest man. F. hepat'ica, F. huma'na, Distomum. hepaticum, the ordinary liver fluke, inhabiting the bileducts of man and many of the lower animals; the intermediate host is a snail {Limneus truncaiuliis, L. humilis, L. viator) from which .the cercaria escape and become encysted on watercress, lettuce, and other vege- tables by means of which they gain access to the intestinal canal. F. lanceola'ta, Dicrocelium lanceatum. F. mag'na, F. americana* fasciola (fa.-se'o-lah) [L. dim. oi fascia, band, fillet.] A small band or group of fibers, f . cine'rea [L. cinereus, ashen], a band-like structure arising from the lateral stria of the corpus callosum, which passes down to terminate below the sple- nium in the fascia dentata of the hippocampus. FASCIOLAR 3S4 FEBRIS fasci'olar. Relating to the fasciola cinerea. Fasciolop'sis [Fasciola + G. opsis, form, appearance.] A genus of Trematoda or flukes. F. bus'ki, Distomum buski, D. crassum, a species found in the intestine of man in Eastern and Southern Asia. F. rathoui'si, Distomum rathouisi, found in only a few recorded cases in the intestine or liver in Chinese. fasciotomy [fash-I-ot'o-mi) [L. fascia + G. tome, incision.] Incision through a fascia. fascitis (fas-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of a fascia. fastiga'tum [L. fasiigaius, sloping down.] Nucleus fastigii, or roof nucleus, in the white substance of the vermis of the cerebellum. fastigium (fas-tiji-um) [L. the ridge of a roof.] 1. [BNA] Summit of the roof of the fourth ventricle, an angle formed by the union of the anterior and posterior medullary vela pushing up into the substance of the vermis. 2. The acme or height of a fever or any acute disease. fat [A.S. feet.] i. Obese, adipose, corpulent. 2. Oily, greasy. 3. A greasy, soft-solid material, found in animal tissues and many plants, com- posed of palmitin, stearin, and olein (or a com- pound of glycerin with palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids) in varying proportions, neu'tral f., a compound of one of the fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, or stearic) and glycerin; same as fat (3). fat-em'bolisiii. Plugging of a blood-vessel by oil- globules. fat'igable [L. faiigare, to tire, -I- habilis, apt.] Tir- ing on very slight exertion. fatigabil'ity [L. faiigare, to tire, + habilitas, apti- tude.] Condition in which fatigue is easily induced. fatigue (f3,-teg') [Fr.] A state of tire, weariness, lassitude following exertion, f. antitoz'in, see under fatigue toxin.* f. disease', professional neurosis.* f. fe'ver, see under fever, f. poi'son f. toxin.* f. reac'tion, elevation of temperature following muscular exertion in sufferers from active tuberculosis, f. tox'in, see under toxin. fat'ness. The condition of being fat; obesity, cor- pulence, adiposity. fat-pad. Sucking pad, corpus adiposum buccae [BNA]. fat-soluble A. A term proposed by McCoUum and Kennedy for a class of substances in foods which are essential for growth and maintenance ; they are vitamines, contained especially in butter and other animal fats, but little if at all in vegetable oils. fat-splitting (f at'split-ing) . Lipoclastic, lipolytic. fat'ty. Relating in any sense to fat. f. acid, any acid, especially oleic, palmaric, or stearic, which in combination with glycerin forms fat. f. degenera'tion, infiltra'tion, etc., see the nouns. fauces, gen. fau'cium (faw'sSz) [L. the throat.] The space between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx, ante'rior pill'ar of the f ., arcus glosso- palatinus [BNA]. isth'mus of the f., isthmus f aucium, the constricted opening forming the pos- terior opening of the cavity of themouth, bounded laterally by the anterior pillars of the fauces, above by the velum pendulum palati, and below by the epiglottis, pill'ars of the f., two mucous folds on either side of the fauces enclosing the tonsil, poste'rior pill'ar of the f., arcus pharyngo- palatinus [BNA]. Fauchard's disease' (fo-shar') [Pierre Fauchard, Parisian dentist, ■fi?^!-] Alveolar periostitis, pyorrhea alveolaris, Riggs's disease. faucial (faw'shal). Relating to the fauces. faucitis (faw-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of the fauces. Fau'quier White Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Alka- line-chalybeate-sulphureted waters, 55° P. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, disorders of the intestines and liver, dropsy, Bright's disease, neurasthenia, anemia, aild the disorders of women. The entire year. Fauvel's gran'ules (fo-vel') [Sulpice Antoine Fauvel, French physician, 1813-1884.] Peribronchitic abscesses. fave'olate. Pitted. fave'olus [L. dim. of favus, honeycomb.] A small pit or depression. favus (fah'vus) [L. honeycomb.] Tinea favosa, t. lupinosa, porrigo favosa, honeycombed ringworm ; a skin disease of childhood, marked by the forma- tion of yellow saucer-shaped crusts around the hair-follicles on the body; it is due to the presence of a fungus, A chorion schonleinii. t. herpet'icus, a form characterized by an eruption of vesicles capped with yellow points, f. herpetiform'is, f. mu'rium, mouse favus, a fatal form of favus, caused by A chorion quitickeanum, attack- ing mice, sometimes seen in mild form in man. f. mu'rium, mouse f., f. herpetiformis, f. of the nails, onychomycosis favosa. fear [A.S. fisr.] Apprehension, dread, alarm. mor'bid f., phobia,* an abnormal timidity or abject fear in relation to a certain object, place, action, etc. ; such as fear of being in a closed room (claustropPiobia) or in an open space (agoraphobia), etc. ; for a list of these words see under phobia. featural sur'geiy (fe'chu-ral). Plastic surgery of the face, having for its object the correction of congenital defects in the nose and other features. features (fe'churz) [L. faciura; facere, to do.] The various parts of the face — forehead, e3res, nose, mouth, chin, cheeks, and ears, which give to it its individuality and character. feb'ricant. Febrific, febrifacient, producing fever. feb'ricidfe [L. febris, fever, + ccedere, to kill.] Febri- fuge, antip5Tetic. febricity (fS-brisl-tl) Feverishness. febric'ula [L. dim. of' febris, fever.] Simple contin- ued fever; a mild fever of short duration, of indefinite origin, and without any distinctive pathology. febrifa'cient [L. febris, fever, -I- facere, to make.] ±. Causing fever, febrific. a. Anything which produces fever. febrif'ic. Febrifacient. febrifugal. Febrifuge (i). febrifuge (feb'ri-fuj) [L. febris, fever, + fugare, to put to flight.] I. Febrifugal, febricidal, anti- pyretic, reducing fever. ■^. A remedy for fever. 3. A mixture of cinchona alkaloids, of uncertain composition, prepared at the cinchona plantations in the East Indies. febrile (feb'ril,.fe'bril). Relating to fever, feverish, pyretic. fe'bris [L.] Fever, f. acmas'tica [G. akmasiikos, in full bloom], continued fever.* f. bilio'sa cesta'tis, pernicious remittent fever, f. bilio'sa remittens, (1) malarial hemoglobinuria;* (2) un- dulant* fever, f. bullo'sa, pemphigus acutus. f. car'nis [L. caro, gen. camis, flesh], meat fever, an elevation of temperat\u:e occurring sometimes during convalescence from typhoid or other con- tinued fever, when the patient returns to a meat diet. f. colomben'sis, Colombo fever.* f. comita'ta, pernicious intermittent or remittent fever, f. complica'ta, undulant* fever, f. con- tin'ua, continued fever, f. monoleptica. f. en- fEBRIS 35S FEMORAL dem'ica cum rose'ola, dengue, f. epacmas'tica [G. epahmastikos, coming to a height], a fever increasing steadily until its acme is reached, then declining by crisis or lysis, f. flava, yel- low* fever, f. glandula'ris, glandular fever.* f. herpej'ica, an ephemeral fever accompanied with an herpetic eruption on the face. f. lac'tea, milk fever*(i). f. larva'ta, dumb ague, masked intermittent fever, f. milia'ris, (i) miliary* fever (i), sweating sickness; (2) f . sudoralis, un- dulant* fever, f . monolep'tica [G. monos, single, -f teptikos, relating to an attack of disease], noting a fever having but one seizure, a con- tinued fever; distinguished from f. polyleptica. f. nervo'sa, nervous fever, typhoid* fever, f. nosocomia'lis, typhus* fever, f, parameliten'- sis, paramalta fever.* f. petechia'Iis, typhus* fever, f. polylep'tica [G. polys, many, -f- leptikos, relating to an attack of disease], noting a fever occurring in two or more parox- ysms, as smallpox, relapsing fever, or intermit- tent fever; distinguished from /. monolepiica. f- lecidi'va, relapsing* fever, f . recur'rens, relaps- ing* fever, f. ru'bra, scarlatina, f. sudora'lis, undulant* fever, t. tritse'a [irilaios, on the third day], tertian intermittent fever, f. un'dulans, undulant* fever, f. urethra'lis, catheter fever, urinary fever.* f. vesicato'ria, f. bullosa, f. volhyn'ica, Volhynia fever.* fe'cal. Relating to feces. fe'calith [L. fcsces + G. lithos, stone.] Coprolith, a fecal concretion. fe'caloid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling feces. feces, fseces (fe'sez) [L. feBx(ftBC-) , dregs.] Excre- ment, the matter discharged from the bowel during defecation, consisting of the undigested residue of the food, epithelium, the intestinal mucus, bacteria, and waste material from the blood, f. cruen'tae, bloody stools, melena. Fechnei's law (fekh'ner) [Gustav Theodor Fechner, German physicist, 1801-1887.] A sensory per- ception increases in equal measure when the strength of the stimulus increases in like propor- tion; the difference in light perception, for example, between 10 and 11 candle-power is the same as that between 100 and no candle-power. Expressed in other words, the intensity of the sensation is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the strength of the stimulus. FeCCjHjO,)!. Ferrous lactate, lactate of iron. Fe(C,HjO,). Citrate of iron. FeCl2. Ferrous chloride. Fe^Clg. Ferric chloride, sesquichloride, or perchlo- ride, of iron. FeCOg. Ferrous carbonate, carbonate of iron. f ec'ula [L. f acuta, tartar, dim. of jiBX, dregs.] Starch. fec'ulent. Excrementitious, fecal, foul. fe'cundate [L. fecuvdare; fecundus, fruitful.] To impregnate, to fertilize. fecunda'tion. Impregnation; rendering fertile. fecundity (f e-kun'di-tl). Pronounced fertility; capa- bility of repeated fecundation. Fede's disease' (fa'da) [Francesco Fede, Italian physician, 1832-1913.] Sublingual papilloma in young infants; Riga's disease. Federici's sign (fa-da-re'che) [Cesare Federici, Ital- ian physician, 1838-1892.] In perforation of the intestine with gas in the peritoneal cavity, the heart sounds can be heard on auscultating the abdomen. feeble-mindedness (fe"bl-mind'ed-nes). 1. Men- tal deficiency due to arrested mental develop- ment; it includes' the three grades of idiocy, imbecility, and morosis. 2. The highest grade of mental deiiciency, morosis; this use of the word is being gradually abandoned. feel'ing. i. The mental perception of a stimulus of the sensory nerves, apart from those of sight, hearing, taste, and smell, a. A quality of any mental state, whereby it is recognized as pleas- urable or the reverse, ambiv'alent feel'ings, see ambivalent, i. tone, the mental state — pleasure, repugnance, etc. — ^which accompanies every act or thought. feet. Plural of foot. (Fe2)2(FeCjH,)3. Ferric ferrocyanide, Prussian blue FejCFejCijNij). Ferrous ferricyanide, TumbuU's blue. Fehleisen's streptococ'cus (fal'i-zen) [Friedrich Fehleisen, German physician, *i854.] Strepto- coccus erysipelatos. Fehling's rea'gent or solu'tion (fa'ling) [Hermann von Fehling, German chemist, 1812-1885.] ('^) Crystallized copper sulphate 40, distilled water 160; (b) caustic soda 130, neutral potassium tar- trate 160, distilled water 600; mix the two solu- tions at the time of using. When added to saccharine urine and heated, a brick-red precipi- tate of copper oxide is thrown down; 5 eg. of glucose will reduce 10 c.c. of the solution. FejHgO,. Ferric hydrate, hydroxide of iron. fel, gen. fel'lis [L.] Bile. f. bovi'num, f. bovis. f. bovi'num purifica'tum [Br.], f. bovis purifica- tum. f. bo'vis (U.S.), f. tauri, oxgall, the fresh: bile of the ox. Bos taurus. f. bo'vis purifica'- tum, purified oxgall, employed in atonic dys- pepsia, constipation, and "biliousness;" dose, gr. v-x (0.3-0.6). fellatio (fel-a'shyo). Fellatorism. fella'tor [L.] One who "takes the buccal part in. fellatorism. . fellatorism (fel-a'tor-izm). A form of sexual per- version in which the penis is introduced into the mouth of another person; irrumation. fellatrice (fel-a-tres'). A female who takes the buccal part in fellatorism. Fell-O'Dwy'er meth'od [George E. Fell, Buffalo physician, *i85o; Joseph O'Dwyer, New York physician, 1841— 1898.] Artificial respiration effected by forcing air, by means of a bellows, through an intubation tube into the lungs; expiration occurs as a result of the natural elasticity of the chest- walls, or is facilitated by compression of the thorax. fel'on [M.E. feloun, malignant.] Panaris, paro- nychia, whitlow. felt' work. i. Fibrous network. 2. A close plexus of nerve-fibrils, neuropilem. female (fe'mal). i. In zoology, noting the sex to which those belong that bear the young or the sexual cell which, when impregnated by union with the male cell, develops into a new organism. 2. In botany, pistillate, having pistils but not stamens. feminism (fem'in-izm) [L. femina, woman.] Possession of feminine characteristics by the male. fem'inonu'cleus [L. femina, woman, + nucleus.'] Thelyblast, the nucleus of the impregnated ovum, as distinguished from that of the spermatozoon, called the masculonucleus or arsenoblast. fem'oral. Relating to the femur or thigh; crural, f . canal', canalis femoralis. f . fos'sa, fovea femo- ralis. f. her'nia, protrusion of a loop of intestine through the femoral canal, f. mus'cle, crurasus, musculus* vastus intermedins . f. ring, annulus femoralis. f. sheath, crural or infundibuliform sheath, a fascial reflexion extending down i^ FEMORAL 356 FERREIN'S CANAL inches below Poupart's ligament, formed by the fascia transversalis anteriorly and the fascia iliaca posteriorly; two septa divide the sheath into three compartments, the outer of which contains the femoral artery and a branch of the genitocru- ral nerve, the middle the femoral vein, and the inner is the femoral canal, f. vess'els, arteria femoralis, vena femoralis. femorotib'ial. Relating to the femtir and the tibia. fe'mur, gen. fern' oris, ^pl. fern' or a [L. thigh.] [BNA] I. Thigh-bone; the long bone of the thigh, articulating with the innominate bone above and the tiljia and patella below, i!. The thigh. fenes'tra, pi. /g«e5'/r(r [L. window.] i. An anatomi- cal aperture, often closed by a membrane. 2 An opening left in a plaster-of-Paris or other form of fixed dressing in order to permit of access to a wound or of inspection of the part. 3. The opening in one of the blades of a forceps, f. coch'leae [BNA], fenestra of the cochlea, cochlear window, f. rotiuida, an opening on the inner wall of the tympanum leading into the cochlea, closed in life by the membrana tympani secundaria. f. ova'lis, oval window, f. vestibuli [BNA]. f. rotun'da, round window, f. cochleae [BNA]. f. vestib'uli [BNA], fenestra of the vestibule, vestib- ular window, f. ovalis; an oval opening on the inner wall of the tympanic cavity leading into the vestibule, closed in life by the foot of the stapes. fenes'trated. Having fenestras or window-like openings. fenestra'tion. i. The presence of openings or fenestrae in a part. 2. Making openings in a dressing to allow of inspection of the parts. fen'nel. Fceniculum. Fen'ner's guai'ac mix'ture [B. Fenner, American physician.] Tinctura antacida (N.F.). fen'ugreek. Fcenum graecum. Fen'wick's disease' [Samuel Fenwick, English physi- cian, *i82i.] Idiopathic gastric atrophy. FbjOj. Ferric oxide, sesquioxide, or peroxide, of iron. Fe(OH)3. Hydrated oxide of iron. FeCPjOj),. Hypophosphite of iron. Fe3(P0,)j. FeP04.i2H20. Phosphate of iron, ferro- soferric phosphate. Fe2(PO,)2 + 4H20. Ferric phosphate, white phos- phate of iron. fe'ral [L. fera, wild beast.] Wild, savage, deadly, malignant. Ffir^ol's nodes (fa-ra-ol') [Loiiis Henri F^lix FMol, Parisian physician, 1825— 1891.] Ephemeral cu- taneous nodules in acute articular rheiunatism Ffir^ol-Graux pal'sy (fa-ra-ol-gro'). Paralysis, of nu- clear origin, of the external rectus muscle of one eye and the internal rectus of the other. Fergusson's Speculum. Fer'gusson's operation [Witliam Fergusson, Scotch surgeon, 1808-1877.] An operation for removal of the maxilla. Fer'gusson's spec'ulum. A cylindrical vaginal speculum of silvered glass with a coating of caoutchouc. ferment (fur-menf) [L. fermentum, leaven.] To cause or to undergo fermentation. ferment (fur'ment) [L. fermentum, leaven.] A sub- stance which, in small amount, is capable of caus- ing the decomposition of large quantities of an or- ganic compoJnd, itself often undergoing no ap- parent change, amylolyt'ic f., one which hydro- lyzes starch with the formation of sugar, auto- lyt'ic f., one developed in the tissues, causing soft- ening and disintegration of these tissues after death, chem'ical f., an unorganized f., enzyme. con'form f., an autolytic enzyme, diastat'ic f., amylolytic f. fi'brin f., the substance in the blood which converts fibrinogen into fibrin. het'eroform f., one effectiiig lysis of the micro- organisms which produce it and of other bacteria as well inver'ting f., invertin, a ferment which converts cane-sugar into dextrose and levulose. liv'ing f ., organized f . metallic f., colloidal metal.* or'ganized f., a living unicellular organism, from the activity of which in solutions of carbohydrates fermentation results, protec'tive f., a specific proteolytic f., analogous to an antibody, formed in the blood in the presence of a foreign protein which it is designed to split up; the detection of this f. specific for chorionic cells or cancer tissue is the object of the Abderhalden* test for preg- nancy and for cancer respectively, proteolyf ic f., one which reduces a protein to a peptone or other substance of more simple constitution. sol'uble f., unorganized f., chemical f., enzyme. unor'ganized f., enzyme. fermen'tal. Relating to a ferment. fermenta'tion. A chemical change induced ia a complex organic compound by the action of a ferment, either chemical or living, whereby the substance is split up into more simple compounds. The process is designated according to the prod- uct, acetous, alcoholic, butyric, lactic, vinous, etc. f. test, for sugar in the urine, see under test. fermen'tum. Yeast. cerevi'siee f., beer-yeast, brewer's yeast; see cerevisise* fermentum. fern [A.S. fearn. ] A cryptogamous(flowerless) plant of the order Filices. male f., filix mas, aspidium.* sweet f., comptonia, the leaves of Myrica {Comptonia) asplenifoUa, given in colic and diarrhea and externally as a poultice. Fern'vale Springs, Tennessee. Alkaline-saline-sul- phureted waters. Six springs. Used by drink- ing and externally in gastroenteric disorders, affections of the kidneys and skin, sore eyes, superficial ulcerations, and so on. Frequented during the warm months. ferral'bumose. An albuminate of iron made by treating albumose with ferric chloride; it con- tains 10 per cent, of iron. ferra'lium. A chalybeate. fer'ratin. i. An organic iron compoimd stored in the tissues of the body. 2. An artificially pre- pared albuminate of iron said to be identical with the iron of the tissues; a reddish brown powder; recommended especially in acute anemia in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6)., ferratogen (fer'S-to-jen). An organic iroii salt ob- tained by growing yeast in a medium containing iron ; a grayish yellow powder, used in anemia and chlorosis in doses of gr. 5 (o. 3). Ferrein's canal' (fer-ran', usually fer-rin') [Antoine Ferrein, Parisian anatomist, 1693-1769.] Rivus lacrimalis. F.'s cords, the true vocal cords. F.'s fora'men, hiatus of Fallopius. F.'s lig'ament, the external thickened portion of the capsule of the temporomaxillary articulation. F.'s pyr*- amid, processus* Ferreini, pars radiata [BNA] of a cortical lobule of the kidney. F.'s tubes, convoluted tubules of thp ViHtipv FERRI 3S7 feni. Gen. of ferrum, iron. ferr'ic. i. Relating to iron, ferruginous. 2, Noting a salt containing iron in its higher, triad, valence. feiricyanide (fer"i-si'an-id). A salt of hydroferri- cyanic acid. feiricyanogen (fer"i-si-an'o-3en). A sexivalent radicle, Fe2(CN)i2, a compound of cyanogen and iron in the ferric state. Ferrier's method (fe-re-a') [P. Ferrier, French physi- cian, contemporary.] , Recalcification; the treat- ment of tuberculosis by the administration of lime salts, as in the following formula: Calcium carbonate 0.30, calcium phosphate 0.50, sodium chloride 0.15, calcined magnesia o.io. feir'inol. Trade name of a nucleinate of iron, employed in anemia in doses of gr. 3-5 (o . 2-0 . 3). ferripyrine (ter-J-pi'ren). An orange-red powder obtained by mixing ferric chloride and antipyrine in solution; recommended locally as a hemostatic, and internally in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3—0.6) in the treatment of anemic neuralgia and headache. Ferris Hot Springs, Montana. Saline-silicious waters. Used by drinking and bathing in various disorders. ferroalu'men. Ferri et ammonii sulphas. ferrocyanide (fer-o-si'an-id). A salt of hydro- ferrocyanic acid. ferrocyan'ogen. A quadrivalent radicle, Fe(CN)5, a compound of cyanogen and iron in the ferrous state. ferrom'eter [L. jerrum, iron, -t- G. metron, measure.] A device for estimating the proportion of iron in the blood. ferropyrine (fer-o-pi'ren). Ferripyrine. ferrosil'icon. An alloy of iron and silicon. ferro"sofer'ric. Relating to a combination of a ferrous with a ferric compound. ferroso'matose. A mixture of somatose and iron; given in anemia and chlorosis in doses of 34— i (2.0-4-O)- ferrostyp'tin. An iron-formaldehyde preparation, a yellowish crystalline powder, employed locally as a styptic, especially in dentistry. ferrother'apy [L. jerrum, iron, -f^ G. iherapHa, treat- ment.] The therapeutic employment of chaly- beates. ferr'ous. 1. Relating to iron, ferruginous. 2. Noting a salt containing iron in its lowest valence. ferruginons (fe-ru'jin-us) [L. ferrugo, iron-rust.] Relating to or containing iron; chalybeate. ferrule (fer'il) [L. viriola, a small bracelet.] In dentistry a metal cap or band covering or en- circling the crown or root of a tooth. fer'rum [L.] (U.S., Br.) Iron; the pharmacopeial form is fine, bright, nonelastic wire (U.S.) or wrought iron in the form of wire or nails free from rust (Br.). The iron salts are in two series, ferrous and ferric, the former being for the most part bluish green in color, or white when anhydrous, the latter brownish yellow to reddish brown, or white when anhydrous. fer'ri albu'minas, iron albuminate, a yellow insolube powder, employed in anemia in doses of gr. 5-2 o (0.3-1.3). f. albumina'tum, ferri albuminas. f. alcoholisa'tum, f. pulveratum. ferr'i ar'senas (Br.), iron arsenate, ferrous arsenate, Fe3(As04)2.6H20, with some admixture of ferric arsenate and iron oxide; employed as a tonic and anti- periodic in doses of gr. sV-i (0.003-0.015). fer'ri benzo'as, ferric benzoate, obtained by the interaction of ferric chloride and ammonium benzoate; a brownish-red insoluble powder containing about 17 per cent, of iron. FERRUM f. benzo'icunit ferri benzoas. f. broma'tum, ferri bromidum, fer'ri bro'xnidum, ferrous bromide, bromide of iron, occurring in pale green plates. fer'ri carbo'nas, ferrous carbonate, carbonate of iron, FeCOs a white crystalline salt, unstable, being readily convertible into ferric carbonate; employed in medicine in the form of massa ferri carbonatis and ferri carbonas saccharatus. fer'ri carbo'nas sacchara'tus (U.S., Br.) , saccharated ferrous carbonate, saccharated carbonate of iron, contains 15 per cent. (U.S.) or 33 per cent. (Br.) of ferrous carbonate; employed in the treatment of ane- mia in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). fer'ri casei'nas, iron caseinate, iron nucleoalbumin- ate; a pinkish insoluble powder, containing 2.5 per cent, of iron; dose, gr. s-t^S (0.3-1.0). f. casetna'tum, ferri caseinas. fer'ri chlo'ridum (U.S.), ferric chloride, chloride (perchloride, sesquichloride) of iron, muriate of iron, FeCls.6H20 astringent and styptic, employed in tinc- ture or solution ; see under liquor and tinctura. fer'ri ci'tras (U.S.), ferric citrate, citrate of iron, Fe(C6H507), occurring in the form of garnet-red scales or a reddish brown powder; employed in the treatment of anemia in doses of gr. 3-1 o (o . 2-0 . 6) . f. dialysa'tum, dialyzed iron, liquor* ferri dialysatus. fer'ri etammo'nii ci'tras (U.S., Br.), iron and am- monium citrate, ammoniocitrate of iron, soluble citrate of iron; used as a substitute for iron citrate than which it is more soluble; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). ier'ri et ammo'nii sul'phas, ferric ammonium sul- phate, ammonioferric sulphate, ammonioferric alum^ iron alum, ferric alum; occurring in crystals like those of alum, of an acid astringent taste; employed internally as an astringent in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6), and locally as a styptic. fer'ri et ammo'nii tar'tras, iron and ammonium tar- trate, ammonioferric tartrate, ammoniotartrate of iron ; occurs in garnet-red scales or as a rusty or reddish brown powder; employed in anemia in doses of gr^ 10-20 (0.6-1. 3). fer'ri et potas'sii tar'tras, ferrum tartaratum (Br.),, iron and potassium tartrate, potassioferric tartrate, tartarized or tartarated iron, ferrotartrate of potas- sium; used in anemia when an astringent chalybeate is. undesirable, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). fer'ri et quini'nae ci'tras (U.S., Br.), iron and quinine citrate, occurs in scales of a greenish to golden yellow color; the preparation of the B.P. is greenish yellow in color; employed as a tonic in convalescence and in anemia in doses of gr. s~7^ (0.3-0.5). fer'ri et strychni'n£e ci'tras, iron and strychnine citrate, occurs in scales resembling the ammoniocitrate of iron in appearance but has a very bitter taste; employed as a tonic in convalescence in doses of gr. 3~S (0.2-0.3). fer'ri ferrocyan'idum, ferric ferrocyanide, Prussian blue, Berlin blue, ferrum cyanattmi, ferrum bonis is cum, is not employed in medicine. -fer'ri glycerophos'phas (N.F.), iron glycerophos- phate, occurs in yellow scales soluble in water; em- ployed as a tonic in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0.6). er'ri hydrox'idum, ferric hydroxide, hydrated oxide of iron; employed, when freshly prepared, as an anti- dote to arsenic poisoning. fer'ri hydrox'idum cum magne'sii ox'ido (U.S.), ferric hydroxide with magnesium oxide; employed, when freshly prepared, as an antidote in arsenic poisoning. fer'ri hypophos'phis (N.P.), ferric hypophosphite, hypophosphite of iron, Fe(P202)3, a gray sh white powder; used as a nerve tonic in anemic conditions, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). fer'ri io'didum, ferrous iodide, iodide of iron, a grayish white powder; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). f. ioda'tum, ferri iodidum. fer'ri lac'tas (N.F.), ferrous lactate, lactate of iron, FefC3H603)2.3H20, occurring as a pale green or yellow- ish powder or small acicular crystals; employed when a non-astringent chalybeate is indicated , in doses of gr. I— 10 (0.06-0.6). fer'ri ma'las, ferrous malate, made by the action of the juice of sour apples on iron filings: it is of a dark green color and contains about 8 per cent, of iron. FERRUM 3S8 FETAL fer'ri ma'las cru'dus, crude malate of iron, extrac- tum fern pomatum. (N.F.). fer'ri ox' alas, ferrous oxalate, a pale yellow, nearly insoluble powder, used as a developer in photography. fer'ri oz'idum magnet'icum, magnetic oxide of iron, black oxide of iion, ferrosoferric oxide. fer'ri oz'idum ru'brum, red oxide of iron, ferric oxide, colcothar; a brown-red powder used as a pig- ment, but no longer employed in medicine. fer'ri oz'idum sacchara'tum (N.F.), saccharated fer- ric oxide, saccharated iron, saccharated oxide of iron, a reddish brown powder; employed in anemia in doses of gr. 2-s (o. 13-0.3), and as an antidote to arsenic. fer'ri pepto'nas, iron pepton-te, occurs in brown translucent scales containing about 2 5 per cent, of iron ; employed in chlorosis in doses of gr. 3-10 (o . 2-0 . 6). f, pep tona' turn, ferri peptonas. fer'ri phos'phas (U.S. and Br.), ferric phosphate, phosphate of iron, sodioferric citrophosphate, occur- ring in the form of green scales; employed in the treat- ment of anemia and its associated menstrual disorders, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). fer'ri phos'phas al'bus, ferric phosphate, white phos- phate of iron, occurring as a faintly yellow powder. f. porph3rrisa'tum, f. pulveratum. f. pulvera'tum, pulverized iron, made from cast iron; dose as a chalybeate, gr. 1-3 (o . 06-0 . 2). fer'ri pyrophos'phas (N.P.), ferric pyrophosphate, sodioferric citropyrophosphate, pyrophosphate of iron with sodium citrate; occurs in light green scales; em- ployed in anemia in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). f. redac'tum (Br.), f. reduc'tum (U.S.), iron reduced by hydrogen, iron by hydrogen, Quevenne's iron, a fine, grayish black, tasteless, and insoluble powder, made by heating feiric hydroxide in a current of hy- drogen; employed in anemia in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0. 2). fer'ri salic3r'las, ferric salicylate, an amorphous dark brown mass or powder; tonic in convalescence from rheumatism, in doses of gr. 3—10 (0.2—0.6). f. salicyl'icum, ferri salicylas. fer'ri subcarbo'nasi subcarbonate of iron, a reddish brown powder resembling iron-rust; employed to meet the same indications as the saccharated ferrous car- bonate in doses of gr. 2-5 (o . 13-0 . 3) . fer'ri suc'cinas, ferric succinate, basic succinate of iron, occurring as a dark yellow powder; employed in anemia and in obstructive jaundice in doses of g^- 3-5 (0.2-0.3). fer'ri sul'phas (U.S., Br.), ferrous sulphate, sulphate of iron, copperas, FeSO^, occurring as bluish green crystals of a styptic taste; employed in solution as a deodorant and disinfectant. fer'ri surphas ezsicca'tus (U.S., Br.), dried ferrous sulphate, dried or exsiccated sulphate of iron, occur- ring as a grayish white powder; dose, gr. 4-2 (0.03- W.13). fer'ri sul'phas granula'tus (U.S.), granulated ferrous sulphate, precipitated sulphate of iron, occur- ring in the form of a granular crystallized powder of bluish green color and astringent taste; dose, gr. r— 3 (0.06-0.2). fer'ri surphidum, ferrous sulphide, femim sulphura- tum, occurs in yellowish black masses ; used to generate hydrogen sulphide. f. sulphura'tum, ferri sulphidum. fer'ri tan'nas, ferric tannate, ferrum tannicum, a. black powder; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). f. tan'oicum, ferri tannas. f. tartara'tum (Br.), ferri et potassii tartras (U.S.). fer'ri valeria'nas, ferric valerianate, valerianate of iron, ferrum valerianicum, a dark red powder; em- ployed in anemia in hysterical subjects in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0.2). f. valerian'icum, ferri valerianas. fertile (fur'til) [L. feriilis; ferre, to bear.] i. Fruit- ful; capable of conceiving and bearing young, a. Impregnated, fertilized. fertllizin (fur'til-i-zin) . A hypothetical substance supposed by Lillie to be the active agent in fertilization ; having two side chains, one reacting with the sperm, the other with the fertiliza'tion. Fecundation. Fer'ula. A genus of plants of the order UmhelUf- ercs; of the various species F, narthex and F. .sccrofio^wa furnish asafetida; F. galhanipua and F. rubricaulis, galbantmi; andF. jTimfew/ furnishes sumbul. fervescence (fur-ves'ens) [L. fervescere, to begin to grow hot.] An increase of fever, stage of f., pyretogenic stage, the stage of a continued fever in which the fever is gradually rising and the char- acteristic symptoms are declaring themselves. FeS. Ferrous sulphide. FeSOi- Ferrous sulphate, sulphate of iron, cop- peras. Fe2(S04)3. Ferric sulphate, tersulphate of iron. fes'ter [L. fistula.] i. To ulcerate. :£. An ulcer. festina'tion [L. fesHnare, to hasten.] The peculiar acceleration of gait noted in paralysis agitans and some other nervous affections. fest'oform. Trade name of a preparation of for- maldehyde in hard soap. Diagram op the Fetal Circulation: A.a., Ascending aorta; A.crur.d., right crural (femoral) artery; A.d., right atrium, also descending aorta; A.Hypogastr, , right hypogastric artery; A.m.s., superior mesenteric artery; A.o., abdominal aorta; A.p., pulmonary artery ; A.S., left atrium; A,u., umbilical arteries; C.i., inferior vena cava; D.a.B., ductus arteriosus Botalli; D.v.A. , ductus venosus Aranti; F.o., foramen ovale; Hypog. s., left hypogastric artery; ll.comm.d., ri^ht common iliac artery; Il.comm.sin., left common iliac artery; Il.ext. & crur.s., external iliac and left crural (|femor^) artery; V.c.sup., superior vena cava; V.d., right ven- tricle* V.port,, portal vein; V.s., left ventricle; V.u., umbilical vein; Vv.adv., afferent hepatic veins; vv.p., pulmonary veins; Vv.rev., efferent hepatic veins. festoon' [L. festum, festival, hence festive dec- orations.] I. A swelling of the interproximal gum in the embrasures on the buccal or Ungual surface, usually the fonner. 2. To shape the gums around the necks of the teeth in an arti- ficial denture. fe'tal. Relating to a fetus, f. circula'tion, the course of the blood current in the fetus, differing in several respects from that in post-natal life, diam'eters of f. skuU, see illustrations, p. 359. FETALISM 3S9 FEVER fe'talism. The presence of certain fetal structures or characteristics in the body after birth. feta'tion. Pregnancy, gestation, ectopic f., extra- u'terine f., ectopic gestation, extrauterine preg- nancy, mul'tiple f., the state of bearing two or more fetuses simultaneously. fetichism (fe'tish-izm). Fetishism. feticide (fe'ti-sid) [L. fetus + ccBdere, to kill.] The destruction of the embryo or fetus in the uterus; induced abortion. fet'id [L. fcetidus.'] Foul-smelling, having a rank odor. fetishism (fe'tish-izm) [Portug. feitico, charm.] A form of sexual perversion in which pleasure is taken in the possession of articles of dress used by persons of the opposite sex. fetog'raphy [L. fetus + G. graphe, a writing.] Embryo gr aphy . fetom'etry [L. fetus -\- G. metron, measure.] Esti- mation of the size of the fetus, especially of its head, prior to delivery. fe'toplacen'tal. Relating to the fetus and its placenta. Diameters of the Fetal Skull. fe'tor [L. fetere, to stink.] A very offensive odor. f. ex o're [L. from the mouth], an offensive breath, halitosis. fe'tus [L. offspring.]. The unborn yotmg of an ani- mal after it has taken form in the uterus in man, the product of conception from the end of the third month to the moment of birth, f . in f e'tu, a double monster in which the small imperfectly formed parasite is contained within the autosite. f- papyra'ceus, one of twin fetuses which has died and been pressed flat against the uterine wall by the growth of the living fetus, f, sanguinolen'- tus, a dark colored, partly macerated f. har'- lequin f., a newborn infant with ichthyosis con- genita. fe'ver [A.S. fefer^ i. Pyrexia, a bodily temperature above the normal of 98.6° F. (37°C.). 2. Febris, a disease in which there is an elevation of the body temperature above the normal. absence, apyrexia. causing, febrifacient, febriferous* pyretogenic, pyretogenous. continued, synocha, s^n" ochus, acmastic fever, febris continua. decline' defervescence, description, pyretography. excessive* hyperpyrexia, free from, apyretic, non-febrile. iow» asthenopyra. reducing, febrifuge, antipyretic, sci- ence, pyretology, short, febricula, ephemeral fever. stages: increase^ stadium augmenti, stadium incre- menti; height, stadium acmes; decline, stadium decie- mentL Sthenic, sthenopyra. [For special fevers not defined under the follow- ing, see the qualifying word.] absorp'tion f., an elevation of temperature often oc- curring, without other untoward symptoms, shortly after childbirth, assumed to be due to the absorption of the discharges through abrasions of the vaginal wall. accli'mating f., a slight malaise with elevation of temperature from which persons sometimes suffer on first taking up their residence in tropical countries. Af'rican tick f., African relapsing* f. al'gid perni'cious f., a pernicious malarial paroxysm marked by symptoms of collapse — cold and cyanotic extremities, livid nails, clammy skin, pinched face, and thready pulse. aph'thous f., foot-'and-mouth disease. * Ar'chibald's f.t a septicemia occurring in the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan, caused by a microorganism of the B. cloaca type; the symptoms resemble those of the second week of typhoid, with high fever but without diarrhea or tympanites, and the disease is often protracted, assuming a remittent type. autum'nal f., typhoid* f. birious f., an ephemeral f. attended with symptoms of gastric catarrh and excessive secretion of bile. bil'ious remittent t., (1) undulant* f.; (2) blaclc water f., malarial hemoglobinuria.* black f., tick* f. (i). black'water f .» malarial hemoglobinuria. * brain f., cerebral meningitis. break'bone f.> dengue. cachec'tic f., kala azar. camp f., typhus* f. carbohy'drate f ., food * f . catar'rhal f., febricula; herpetic f. cath'eter f., a sharp elevation of temperature some- times following the introduction of a catheter into the urethra; urinary f. cerebrospi'nal f ., see under cerebrospinal. cess'pool f ., typhoid * f . child'bed f ., puerperal * f . Colom'bo f., a continued f. of mild type resembling paratyphoid, occasionally with several relapses re- sembling undulant f . ; it has been observed in Ceylon and also in Serbia and is associated with the presence of a specific germ, B, colombensis. contin'ued f ., a f . of some duration in which there are no intermissions or marked remissions in the tem- perature curve. dan'dy f., dengue. deer-fly f., Pahvant Valley plague, deer-fly malady, a fever of septic type, lasting from 3 to 6 weeks, marked by enlargement of the lymph nodes draining the region of the site of entrance of the virus, and attended with great prostration; it is supposed to be due to infection with Bacterium tularense through the bite of the deer fly. diges'tive f., a slight rise of body temperature occur- ring during the period of digestion. Dum-dum f., kala azar. Dufton's f.. Button's* relapsing f. elephan'toid f., an elevation of temperature marking the beginning of endemic elephantiasis. enter'ic f ., typhoid • f . ephem'eral f., a febricula lasting no more than a day or two. FEVER 360 FEVER erup'tive f., exanthema. fatigue' f., an elevation of the body temperature, lasting sometimes several days, following excessive and long-continued muscular exertion. f. and a'gue, malaria. ' f. in the feet, laminitis in the horse. five-day f., (i) van der Scheer's f. dengue (?); (2) Wemer-His disease, Volhynia fever. For'rest's f., a febrile affection lasting from three to fifteen days, having a temperature curve resembling a parabola, the fever seldom exceeding 104°. gaol f., typhus* f. gas'tric f., catarrhal gastritis. gas'tric remitfent f., undulant* f. Gibral'tar f., undulant* fever. glan'dular f., an infectious disease of childhood, characterized chiefly by fever, swelling of the cervical lymph-nodes, and enlargement of the liver and spleen; it lasts usually two or three weeks;- its prognosis is favorable. hayf., see hay-fever. hematu'ric bil'ious f ., hematuria due to renal lesions caused by the malarial hematozoon. hemoglobinu'ric f., malarial hemoglobinuria.* faepat'ic f., catarrhal angiocholitis. hepaf ic intermitfent f., ague-like paroxysms occur- ring in cases of calculus in the common bile-duct. herpet'ic f., a disease, apparently infectious, marked by chills, nausea, elevation of temperature, sore throat, and an herpetic eruption on the face and other parts; it is of short duration, three or four days, and so far as known never fatal. hyster'ical f,, f. of an irregular course and duration, sometimes running very high, occurring without obvi- ous cause, and unaccompanied, with general symptoms, in hysterical subjects. intermitfent f., a malarial fever, usually of the ter- tian or quartan type, in which there is complete apyrexia, with absence of the other symptoms, in the intervals between the paroxysms. intermen'strual f., an elevation of temperature some- times observed in tuberculous women between the menstrual periods. jaU f., typhus* f. Japanese' riv'er f., see under Japanese. jun'gle f., malaria. Lent f., typhoid f. low f., one associated with a depressed state of the nervous system. lung f., croupous pneumonia. mala^rial f., acute malaria.* malig'nant purpu'ric f., cerebrospinal* f. Mal'ta f., undulant* f.. Mediterra'nean f., undulant* f. mil'iary f., see under miliary and also miliaria. milkf., (i) a slight elevation of temperature following childbirth, said to be due to the establishment of the secretion of milk, but probably the same as absorption f .; (2) milk sickness. Moss'man f., a disease affecting almost exclusively sugar-cane cutters, marked by mild fever and enlarge- ment of the posterior or subscapular group of axillary glands. moun'tain f., mountain-sickness. mud f., erythema in the horse. mu'ma f., myositis purulentg. tropica. nak'ra or nash'a f., a disease observed in Bengal dur- ing the hot season, marked by fever of three to five days duration, and accompanied by swelling of the nasal mucosa with pains in the head, neck, shoulders, and small of the back. Neaporitan f., undulant* fever. ner'vous f., typhoid* f. no'dal f., erythema nodosum. Oro'ya f.. Carrion's disease, verruca* peruviana. pal'udal f., malaria. pappata'ci f., see pappataci. pap'ular f., an affection characterized by mild fever, rheumatoid pains, and a maculopapular eruption. paramal'ta i., febris paramelitensis, a disease resem- bling Malta fever but in which the pathogenic organism of the latter cannot be found. paraty'phoid f., see paratyphoid. paraun'dulant f., paramalta f. peach f., a form of hay* fever due apparently to irritation from the down of peaches. pete'chial f., cerebrospinal* f. Pfeiffer's f., glandular f. phlebof omus f., pappataci* f. pneumon'ic f,, croupous pneumonia.* por'celain f ., urticaria. pul'monary f., croupous pneumonia. pu'trid f., epizootic* cerebrospinal meningitis. pythogen'ic f., typhoid fever. Rangoon' f., Forrest's f. red'water f., Texas* cattle fever. relap'sing f., see under relapsing. remitf ent f ., a malarial fever, usually of the severer estivoautumnal type, in which the temperature falls more or less but not to the normal in the interval be- tween two pronounced paroxysms, rheumafic f., rheumatism (i). rock f., undulant* f. Rocky Moun'tain spott'ed f., tick* f. (i). Rom'an f., estivoautumnal* f., prevalent in the Roman Campagna and formerly in the city of Rome. salt f., an elevation of temperature in an infant, following a rectal injection of a salt solution; see also thirst f. sand'fiy f., pappataci* f. ship f., typhus* f. simp'le contin'ued f., febricula. slow f., a continued f., such as typhoid, of long duration. solar f., (i) dengue; (2) sunstroke. splen'ic f., anthrax. spott'ed f., (i) cerebrospinal* f.; (2) tjrphus* f.; (3) tick*f. (I). swamp f., (i) malaria; (2) infectious anemia, see Swamp-fever. symptomatic f., elevation of temperature following an injury, traumatic f. Tex'as cattle f., see under Texas. ther'mlcf., (i) heatstroke; (2) calentura, a continued fever observed in hot countries, sometimes mistaken for pialaria. thirst f., an elevation of temperature in an infant, following the withdrawal of fluids from the diet; possi- bly due to concentration of salt in the tissues; see saltf^ three days' f., (1) dengue; (2) pappataci f. tic^ f ., see tick. traumafic f., symptomatic f . ^ trench f., an alleged specific infectious fever of a re- lapsing type observed among the troops in the great European war; it is transmissible By intravenous injec- tion of whole blood, but not of the senim alone ; punc- tate basophila of the red blood cells is present, the virus is filterdble. trypan'osome f., the febrile stage of sleeping sickness. ts^tsugamu'shi f., see tsutsugamushi. ty'phpi^. f ., see typhoid. ty'phus f., see typhus. un'dulant f., Malta f. see undulant. ure'thral f., catheter f., urinary f. u'rinary f., an elevation of temperature, usually slight and transitory, following aseptic catheterization of the urethra, or the passage of blood-clots, gravel, or a calculus. van der Scheer*s f,, five-day f., a disease beginning suddenly with headache and backache, high fever, and an eruption of red macules and papules of pinhead size; it is usually of five day's duration and resembles, if it is not identical with, dengue. vesic'ular f.^ (i) a febrile affection marked by the occurrence of a localized pain followed by a vesicular eruption which soon becomes general; it resembles at first chicken-pox and later smallpox, but is distinct from either; (2) pemphigus. Volhyn'ia f,, five-day f., Werner^Hiss disease, an affection resembliiig malaria or relapsing fever, occur- ring in. two or more febrile paroxysms of one day's duration, separated by an interval of four to six days; the fever is accompanied by intense pains in the legs and back and a feeling of extreme malaise; it is said by some to be caused by an involution form of Ober- meier's spirillum, Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis, Whit'more's f., see Whitmore, wound f., symptomatic f. ^ EVER-BLISTER 361 FIBRIN-FERMENT 'ver-blis'ter. Herpes simplex, herpes labialis. 'veret. Febricula. 'verfew [L. febrifuga, febrifuge.] i. Agrimony. a. Wild camomile, Chrysanthemum parthenium. 'ver-tree. Eucalyptus. ant. Plural of fiat, let there be made. at [L. 3 pers. sing. pres. subj. (used in the sense of the imperative) of fieri, to be made.] A term used in prescription writing, meaning, "let there be made." ler, fibre (fi'btir) [L. fibra.] A slender thread or filament. In anatomy, a filamentous element, an elongated and tenuous cell or cell-process. See fibra and fibrie. accel'erator fibers, nerve-fibers from the second and third spinal motor roots, which convey impulses increasing the rapidity and force of the cardiac pulsations, anastomo'sing fi- bers, anastomot'ic fibers, individual fibers passing from one nerve-trunk or muscle bundle to another. ax'cuate fibers, nervous or tendinous fibers passing in the form of an arch from one part to another; see fibrts arcuattE and fibras iniercolumnares. asso- cia'tion fibers, nerve-fibers connecting different portions of the cerebral cortex in the same hem- isphere; the short association fibers, fibrae arcu- atse, are those connecting neighboring convolu- tions, the long association fibers connect widely separated regions of the cortex, and are arranged in bundles, augmen'tor fibers, accelerator fibers. commissu'ral fibers, nerve-fibers uniting portions of the cortex of opposite cerebral hemispheres; they are arranged in three groups: the corpus callosum, the anterior commissure, and the hippocampal commissure, cor'onal fibers, pro- jection fibers, the majority of which belong to the corona radiata. den'tal fibers, den'tinal fibers, processes from the odontoblasts, or cells at the periphery of the tooth pulp, which fill the dentinal canals, enam'el fibers, minute hexagonal rods, prismata adamaniina, passing from the dentine to the periphery of the enamel of the tooth and forming the substance of that structure, endog'- enous fibers, short nerve-fibers of the spinal cord originating in cells of the cord, forming the intersegmentary or association tracts connecting different levels of the posterior horns, exog'- enous fibers, nerve-fibers in the spinal cord originating in cells lying outside of the cord. inhib'itory fibers, nerve-fibers from the vagus which convey impulses slowing the action of the heart, lens fibers, the elongated cells of ecto- dermic origin forming the substance of the crystalline lens of the eye. projec'tion fibers, nerve-fibers connecting the cerebral cortex with other centers in the brain or spinal cord, sus- tentac'ular fibers, fibers binding together and supporting the nerve structures of the retina. bra [L.] Fiber, f. auric'ulas, the lobe of the ear. f. nasi, ala nasi. f. primiti'va, primitive fiber, the axis-cylinder of a neuron. f. san'guis, fibrin, brae [L. pi. of fibra.} Fibers, whether nervous, miiscular,' or tendinous, f. ansa'tae [L. ansa, a handle or loop], nerve-fibers which pass forward from the lamina terminalis over the upper surface of the optic chiasm and back beneath the under surface to the tuberculum cinereum. f. arcifor'- mes, f. arcuatffi. f. arcua'tse cer'ebri, arcuate fibers of the cerebrum, short association fibers uniting neighboring convolutions of the cerebral cortex, Arnold's fibers, f. arcua'tse exter'nse [BNA], external or superficial arcuate fibers, nerve-fibers on the surface of the medulla entering into the composition of the restiform bodies; they curve around the lower surface of the olive and the pyramid, separated from the surface of the latter by the arcuate nuclei, f. arcua'tae inter'nae [BNA], internal arcuate fibers, deep arcuate fibers, the fibers which take part in the decussation of the fillet ; they are derived from the gracile and cune- ate nuclei, f . atrior'um, the muscular fibers of the atria of. the heart, t. cerebell'o-oliva'res [BNA] olivo-cerebeUar fibers, a mass of white fibers passing from the oliva of one side, along the restis, to the cerebellum of the opposite side. f. circiUa'res [BNA], the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, Mueller's muscle, i. hetero- desmot'icae [G. heteros, other, + desmoo, I bind], white fibers connecting dissimilar gray masses of the central nervous system, as the central ganglia with the peripheral epd-prgans. f. homodes- mot'icae [G. homos, similar,, -^ desmoo, I bind], white nerve-fibers connecting similar gray masses of the ■tcentral nervous system, as those "connecting the two anterior horns of gray matter in the spinal cord. f. intercolumna'res, f . inter- crura'les [BNA], arcuate fibers connecting the superior and inferior crura of the external abdominal ring. f. meridiona'les [BNA], the radiating fibers of the ciliary muscle, Bruecke's muscle, f. pall'idae, the ciliary processes, f. pro'prise cer'ebri, f. arcuatae cerebri, f. trans- versa'les pon'tls, the transverse fibers of the pons Varolii, f. ventriculo'rum, the muscular fibers of the cardiac ventricles, f. Zonula'res [BNA], the fibrils of the zonula* ciliaris. fibralbu'min. Globulin, fibre. Fiber. fibremia, fibraemia (fi-bre'ml-ah) [fibrin + G. haima, blood.] Inosemia; presence of formed fibrin in the blood, causing thrombosis or embolism. fi'bril [L. fibrilla.J A minute fiber, mus'cular f., one of the ultimate subdivisions of a muscvilar fiber, an elongated muscle-cell, nerve f., axis- cylinder. fibril'la [L. dim. of fibra, fiber.] Fibril. fibrill'ar, fi'brillaiy. Relating to a fibril. fi'brillate. i. To make or to become fibrillar. 2. Fibrillated. fi'brillated. Fibrillar, fibrous, composed of fibrils. fibrilla'tion. i. The condition of being fibrillated. 2. The formation of fibrils, auric'ular f., a con- dition in which the systole of the cardiac auricle is replaced by rapid twitchings of the muscular wall, the impulse normally originating from the sinoauricular node being absent and impulses arising at multiple auricular foci taking its place. ventric'ular f., delirium cordis due to irregular fibrillary contraction of the wall of the cardiac ventricle. fi'brin [L. fibra, fiber.] An elastic filamentous pro- tein derivedfromfibrinogen by the action ofthron:- bin; the active agent in coagulation of the blood, glu'ten f., a protein resembling animal f., found in various grains. Hen'le*s f., a substance resem- bling the f. of the blood, precipitated from the seminal fluid on the addition of water, veg'e- table f., gluten f. fibrina'tion. i. The formation of fibrin. :j. The capability of forming fibrin in abnormally great amount in the process of coagulation, or in an exudate, noting a state of the blood in certain inflammatory conditions ; fibrosis. fibrine'mia, fibrinae'mia. Fibremia, inosemia. fi'brin-fer'ment. Thrombin, thrombosin, a fenjient, derived possibly from the edges of wounded blood-vessels, which converts fibrinogen, in the presence of a calcium salt into fibrin. FIBRIN-GLOBULIN 362 FIBROMYITIS flTjrin-glob'ulin. Fibrinoglobulin. fibrinocel'lular. Composed of fibrin and cells, not- ing certain exudates. fibrin'ogen [fibrin + G. gennao, I produce.] A globulin of the blood-plasma which is converted into the coagulated protein, fibrin, by the action of fibrin-ferment in the presence of a salt of cal- cium ; it is this change which produces coagulation of the blood. fibrinogen'ic, fibrinogenous (fi-brin-oj'en-us). Re- lating to fibrinogen ; producing fibrin. fi"brinoglob'uIin. A substance formed in small amount by the conjunction of fibrinogen and thrombin. ffbrinoid [fibrin -t- G. eidos, appearance.] Resem- bling fibrin. fibrinorysis [fibrin + G. lysis, solution.] The hydrolysis of fibrin under the influence of an enzyme. fi"brinoplas'tic [fibrin + G plasso, I form.] Relating to or of the nature of fibrinoplastin. fi"brinopIas'tin. Paraglobulin, serumglobulin, fibro- plastin, a protein (globulin) in the blood and connective tissues, possibly derived from the disintegration of the leucocytes. fibrinos'copy. Inoscopy, the chemical and physical examination of the fibrin of exudates, blood-clots, etc. fibrino'sis. Fibrination (2). fi'brinous. Relating to or composed of fibrin. fibrinu'ria [fibrin + G. ouron, iu4ne.] The passage of urine containing fibrin elements. fibroadenia (fi-bro-S-de'ni-ah) [L. fibra, fiber, -1- G. aden, gland.] Fibrous degeneration of gland tissue. fibroadenoma, pi. fibroadeno'mata (fi"bro-ad-e-no'- ma). A gland tumor permeated with fibrous new formation forming a dense stroma. fibroadipose (fi"bro-ad'i-poz). Fibrofatty, relating to or containing both fibrous and fatty structures. fibroareolar (fi"bro-a-re'o-lar). Noting connective tissue which is both fibrous and areolar in char- acter. fi'broblast [L. fibra, fiber, + G. blastos, germ.] A cell, produced by proliferation of the fixed connective- tissue elements, concerned in the formation of new fibrous tissue. fibroblas'tic. Relating to fibroblasts. fibrocarcino'ma. A carcinoma containing an un- usual amoimt of fibrous tissue. fibrocar'tilage. A variety of cartilage, the basement substance of which is fibrillated, the bundles of fibers interlacing in all directions, circumferen'- tial f., a ring of f. around the articular end of a bone, serving to deepen the joint cavity, elas'tic f., fibroelastic cartilage.* interartic'ular f., discus articularis. semilu'nar f., one of two fibrocar- tilages forming an incomplete circumferential f. on the head of the tibia, strat'iform f., a layer of f. in the bottom of a groove in a bone through which a tendon runs. See also fibrocartilago. fibrocartilaginous (fi"bro-kar-til-aj'in-us). Relating to or composed of fibrocartilage. fibrocartila'go. Fibrocartilage. f. basa'lis [BNA], cartilago basilaris, the cartilage which fills the foramen lacerum of the skull, f. interarticula'ris, discus articularis [BNA]. f. intervertebra'Us [BNA], intervertebral fibrocartilage or disc; a disc of fibrocartilage with a gelatinous center (nucleus pulposus), attached to each of two opposing verte- bral bodies. fibrocell'ular. Both fibrous and cellular. fibrochondritls (fi-bro-kon-dri'(dre')tis). Inochon- dritis. fibrochondroma (fi"bro-kon-dro'mah). Inochon- droma, a mixed fibroma and chondroma. fi'brocyst. Fibrocystoma, a fibroma containing cysts. fibrocys'tic. Relating to a fibrocystoma; noting a new growth which is both fibrous and cystic. fibrocysto'ma. Inocystoma, a fibrocyst. fibrocyte (fi'bro-sit) [L. fibra, fiber, -I- kytos, a hollow (a cell).] Inocyte. fibroenchondroma (fi"bro-en-kon-dro'mah). A mixed fibroma and enchondroma. fibrofatt'y. Fibroadipose, both fibrous and fatty. fibroglia (fi-brog'le-ah) [L. fibra, fiber, -t- G. glia, glue.] Inoglia, the basement substance of connective tissue ; it is either homogenous or fibrillar. fibrogUo'ma. Inoglioma, a mixed fibroma and glioma. fibroid (fi'broyd) [L. fibra, fiber, H- G. eidos, ap- pearance.] 1. Resembling or composed of fibers or fibrous tissue; fibrous. 2. Fibroma; fibromyoma. f. tu'mor, fibroma. fibroidec'tomy [fibroid + G. ektome, excision.] The removal of a fibroid tumor. fibroin (fi'bro-in). A white insoluble protein sub- stance forming the main portion of cobweb and silk. fibrolipo'ma. A mixed fibroma and lipoma, a fibrofatty tumor. flbrolipo'matous. Relating to or of the nature of a fibrolipoma. fibrolysin (fi-brol'i-sin) [L. fibra, fiber, + G. lysis, solution.] Trade name of a solution of thiosinamine and sodium salicylate; employed hypodermically, in doses of 1135 (2.3), to soften and promote the absorption of indurated cicatricial tissue. fibroma (fi-bro'mah) [L. fibra, fiber, -|- G. -oma.] An encapsulated tumor composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue; fibroid tumor, inoma. concen'tric f., a fibroid tumor occupying the entire circumference of the wall of the uterus. f. fungoi'des, mycosis fungoides. f. lipomato'- des, xanthoma, f. mollus'cum, molluscum sim- plex, the occurrence of one or several large or small prominent connective-tissue tumors, f. mollus'cum gravida'rum, the occurrence of nu- merous, small, sessile or pedunculated, colorless or pigmented fibrous tumors of the skin, form- ing during pregnancy and disappearing spon- taneously at its termination, f. mucino'sum, a i. which is undergoing mucoid degeneration. f. myzomato'des, a f. containing areas of mucoid tissue, myxofibroma, f. pen'dulum, a large pendulous fibrous tumor of the skin. f. sarcomato'sum, fibrosarcoma, telangiectat'ic f ., a new growth formed of dilated capillaries with marked increase of the connective-tissue frame- work; angiofibroma, mul'tiple f., a condition in which there are many, sometimes very many, fibrous ttimors of the skin, varying in size from a pinhead to an orange, sessile or pedunculated. fibromatoid (fi-bro'ma-toyd) [fibroma + G. eidos, appearance.] Resembling a fibroma; noting a growth, with incomplete or absent capsule, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. Gbromato'sis. A condition characterized by the occurrence of fibromata. fibro'matous. Relating to, or of the nature of, a fibroma. fibromus'cular. Both fibrous and muscular, relat- ing to both fibrous and muscular tissues. flbromyitis ffi-bro-mi-i'Ce'1tis^. Pihromvnsitis. [BROMYOMA 363 FILARIA romyoma, pi. fibrgmyo'tnata, (fi"bro-ini-o'-niah). Inomyoma, a myoma containing a considerable admixture of fibrous tissue. romyositis (fi"bro-mi"o-si'(se')tis) [L. fibra, fiber, + G. mys{myo-), muscle, + -iiis.'] Inomyositis. lomyzo'ma. Inomyxoma, a mixed inoma, or fibroma, and myxoma. Toneuroma (fi"bro-nu-ro'mah). Inoneuroma; rosarcoma, pi. fibrosarco'maia (fi"bro-sar-ko'- mah). A mixed fibroma and sarcoma; a fibrous tumor containing many imperfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells, flbroblasts, or spindle cells, indicating a transi- tion to sarcoma; flbroma sarcomatosum. irose'. 1. To form fibroiis tissue. 2. Fibrous. irose'rous. Composed of fibrous tissue with a serous surface, noting any serous membrane. >rosis (fi-bro'sis) . The pathological formation of fibrous tissue, arteriocap'illary f., arterio- sclerosis involving the walls of the smaller arteries and the capillaries, diffuse arterio- sclerosis, replace'ment f., the formation of fibrous tissue taking the place of atrophied struc- tures of a higher order. irositis (fi-bro-si'(se')tis) [L. fibra, fiber, -I- -Uis.'\ Inositis, inflammatory hyperplasia of white fibrous tissue, as in chronic rheumatism and mus- cular rheumatism; interstitial myositis. irot'ic. Relating to or marked by fibrosis. brous. Fibrose, composed of fibers, f. tis's,ue, connective tissue. I'ula, gen. and pi. fib'ula \L. a brooch.] [BNA] Calf-bone, peroneal bone; external and smaller of the two bones of the leg; it articulates with the tibia above and the tibia and astragalus below. I'ular. Relating to the fibula. lula'ris [L.] Fibular; relating to the fibula or to any structures named from it. lulocalcaneal (fib"u-lo-kal-ka'ne-al). Relating to the fibula and the calcaneus, or os calcis. ci [L. fictis, fig.] Grease in horses. ck's bacil'lus [Rudolph Armin Fick, German physician, *i866.] Bacillus proieus vulgaris. ck'er's diagnos'ticum [Philip Martin Ficker, German bacteriologist, *i868.] An emulsion of killed typhoid bacillus culture for the convenient carrying out of the Widal-Gruber test. o'sis [L. ficus, fig.] Sycosis. cus [L.] (N.P., Br.) Fig, the partially dried fruit of Ficus carica; is employed, especially in domes- tic medicine, as a laxative. !ucinales (fi-du-si-na'lez) [L. fiducinalis, relating to fides, a lyre.] Fiddle muscles, lumbricales of the fingers. edler's disease' (fed'ler) [Carl Ludwig Alfred Fiedler, German physician, *i83S.] Acute in- fectious jaundice, Weil's * disease. field (feld) [A.S. feld.] A definite area or plane surface, considered in relation to some specific object, au'ditory f., the space included within the limits of hearing of a definite sound, as of a tuning-fork. Coim'heim's f., Cohnheim's* area. Kroe'nig's f., Kroenig's* area, magnet'ic f ., the sphere of infiuence of a magnet, mi'croscope f ., the area within which objects are visible under a microscope, sur'plus f., part of the visual field in cases of non-total hemianopsia which passes beyond the point of fixation, thus en- croaching upon the blind area, vis'ual f., the area within which objects are more or less dis- tinctly seen by the eye in a fixed position. Field'ing's mem'brane [George Hunsley Fielding, English anatomist, i8oi 1871.] Membrana versi- color, tapetum.* fifth disease'. Erythema infectiosum. f. nerve, nervus* trigeminus, f. ven'tricle, cavum septi pellucidi. fig [A.S. /»c.] Ficus,* the fruit of Ficus carica. Figari's hemoantitoz'in (fe-gah're). An antitu- berculosis serum which is administered per os instead of hypodermically. figuratus (fig-u-ra'tus) . Figured, a. term descrip- tive of certain skin lesions. Figueira's syn'drome (fe-ga'e-rah) [Femandes Figueira, pediatrist in Rio de Janeiro, contem- porary.] Weakness of the neck muscles with slight spasticity of the muscles of the lower extremities and increased tendon reflexes; supposed to be an attenuated sporadic form of acute poliomyelitis. fig-wart. Condyloma acuminatum. fila (fi'lah). Plural of filunt, (g.».). fila'ceous [L. filum, a thread.] Filamentous. fil' anient [L. filum, a thread.] a. A fibril, a fine fiber, or thread-like structure. ■^. In botany, the stalk of a stamen, ax'ial f., the central fibril of the flagellum of a spermatozoon, spennat'ic f., a spermatozoon, especially the tail of a sper- matozoon. filamentous (fil-S.-men'tus). Fibrillar, filar; in •bacteriology, noting a colony composed of long, interwoven, irregularly disposed threads; see cut under colony, i, E. filar (fi'lar) [L.^/«m,athread.] Fibrillar, filament- ous, reticular, f. mass, f. sub'stance, reticular substance. * ■ "* Fila'ria [L. filum, a thread.] A genus of Nematoda the members of which live parasitically in the subcutaneous connective tissue and in the serous cavities. F, ban'crofti, F. sanguinis hominis, F. nocturna, a nematode worm^ the adult of which inhabits the lymphatic vessels; the larvse are found in the peripheral blood-vessels during the night but not during the day; the parasite is transmitted by the mosquito; chyluria, hema- tuija, anemia, lymph-scrotum, and other symp- toms may be caused by the worm. F. conjunc- tl'vsB, a parasite of the connective tissue of the horse and only rarely of man. F. demarquay'i, a blood parasite in natives of the Windward Islands in the West Indies. F. diur'na, a blood-parasite, resembling F. bancrofti, the larvae of which appear in the blood during the daytime only. F. equi'na, a species parasitic in the peritoneal cavity of the horse and allied species. F. hom'inis o'ris, a species foiuid once in the mouth of a child. F. imxnl'tis [L. rough], a species inhabiting the veins and right cavities of the heart in the dog; it is transmitted by the mosquito, either Anopheles or Culex. F. iner'mis, F. conjunciivce. F. labia'lis, a species one specimen of which was extracted FILARIA 364 FINCKH TEST from a pustiale of the lip. F. len'tis, F. oculi humani. F. lo'a, Dracunculus oculi, a species inhabiting the subconjvinctival connective tissue, F. magalhSL'esi, a species resembhng F. bancrofti found in the left ventricle at an autopsy on a Brazilian. F. medinen'sis, Dracunculus tnedinen- sis, D. persarum, Guinea worm, Medina worm; a worm inhabiting the cellular tissue; the female, - in order to liberate her yoimg, bores a hole through the skin, usually at the ankle, where an ulcer forms; the young are freed by rupture of the uterus and then the worm escapes from the body; it is common in the neighborhood of the Red Sea, and is believed to have been the "fiery serpent" that tormented the Israelites. F, noc- tur'na, F. bancrofti. F. oc'uU, F. loa. F. oc'uli huma'ni, a nematode which has been found very rarely in the crystalline lens. F. oz'zardi, a blood parasite, present both day and night, found in Carib Indians of Guiana. F. peritone'i hom'inis, F. conjunctival. F. per'stans [L. enduring], a blood parasite, resembling F . bancrofti, but pres- ent in the blood both day and night ; it causes no symptoms so far as known. F. philippinen'sis, an apparently distinct species of F. found in man in the Philippine Islands. F. restifor'mis, a form obtained once from the urethra of a young man. F. san'guinis hom'inis [L. of the blood of man], F. bancrofti, F. nocturna, F. diurna, F. perstans. F. vol'vulus, a parasite found in subcutaneous ttmiors, the size of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, , in natives of the west coast of Africa. fila'rial. Relating to a filaria or to filariae. filari'asis. A disease caused by the presence of filariae in the tissues of the body; it occurs in tropi- cal and subtropical regions. Elephantiasis, lymph-scrotum, and chyluria are manifestations of the disease. filariform (fi-lar'i-form) [filaria + X:. forma, form.] Resembling filaria or nematode worms. Filatov's disease' (fe-lah'tawf) [A. N. Filatov, Rus- sian physician, contemporary.] Dukes' disease, fourth disease*. F.'s spots, Koplik's* spots. filicic acid (fil-is'ik as'id). A white amorphous powder, the anthelmintic principle in male fern, or aspidium; dose, gr. 6-15 (0.4— 1 .0). f, anhy'- dride, fUicin. firicin. Filicic anhydride, an inert yellowish pow- der from the rhizome of male fern, filix mas. fil'ifonn [L. filum, thread, + forma, form.] Fila- mentous, hair-like, thread-like; in bacteriology, noting an even growth along the line of inocula- tion, either stroke or stab; see cut under culture, B, I. f. bougie', a very slender bougie of firm but yielding structure, f. pulse, a thready pulse, one occurring in a contracted artery and barely perceptible. fll'igree implanta'tion. The burying of a filigree, or network, of silver in the abdominal wall in .order to" close a large abdominal hernia. Filipowicz's symp'tom (te-le'po-vich) [Casimir Fili- fowicz, Polish physician, contemporary.] A peculiar yellow staining of the palms and soles with subsequent desquamation, in certain pyretic conditions, such as articular rheumatism, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis. fllipuncture (fil"i-punk'chur) [L. filum, thread, H- punctum, puncture.] Treatment of an aneurysm by the insertion of a coil of slender wire to induce coagulation. fi'llx [L.] Fern. f. fem'ina, female fern, spleen- wort, f. mas, male fern, aspidium.'*' fiU'et [Fr. filet, a band.] i. Lemniscus,"' a band of nerve-fibers, z. A skein or loop of soft tissue passed around the presenting part of the fetus, used for making traction. fill'ing. Plug, stopping, any substance, such as gold, amalgam, etc., used for closing a cavity in a tooth, pombina'tion f., a tooth-filling of two or more materials applied in layers. fil'mogen [film + G. gennad, to produce.] Liquor adhesivus, trade name of what is said to be a solution of pyroxylin in acetone with the! addition of a little fixed oil; employed for the same pur- poses as collodion. filopo'dium, pi. -filopo'dia [L. -filum, thread, + (pseudo)podium.] A slender, filamentous pseudo- podium. fi'lopressuxe [L. filum, thread.] Temporary pressure on a blood-vessel by a ligature, which is removed when the flow of blood has ceased. filovarico'sis [L. filunt, thread, 4- varix, dilatation of a vein.] A series of swellings along the course of the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fibril. fil'ter [L. filtrare, to strain through filtTum, felt.] i. To pass a fluid through a porous substance which arrests all suspended solid particles except those of extreme minuteness. 2. An apparatus pro- vided with a porous substance through which a fluid is passed in order to separate it from any solids it may contain. Ber'kefeld f., Cham'beT- land f., etc., see the proper names. fil'trate. The liquid which has been passed through a filter. filtration (fil-tra'shun) . The process of passing a liquid through a filter. fil'trum [L.] A filter, f. ventric'uli, Merkel's iil- trum, a groove between the two prominences, in each lateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx, formed by the cuneiform and the arytenoid car- tilages. fi'lum [L. thread.] A structure of filamentous or thread-like appearance, f. du'rse ma'tris spina'- lis [BNA], the termination of the spinal dura mater, surrounding the filum terminale of the cord, and attached to the periosteum of the coccyx, f. radicula're, pi. fi'la radicula'ria [BNA], one of the filaments issuing from the dorsolateral fissiire of the spinal cord which forms the dorsal root (radix posterior) of a spinal nerve, f. termina'le [BNA], terminal thread, nervus impar, a long slender filament extending from the extremity of the conus medullaris to the termination of the spinal canal. fimbria, pi. fimbria (fim'bri-ah) [L. fimbritB, fringe.] Any fringe-like structure, f. hippocam'pi [BNA], a narrow band of white substance, continuous with the alveus, attached to the medialconcave border of the hippocampus, f. ova'rica [BNA], one (the largest) of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube connected with the tubal pole of the ovary. fim'briffi tu'bae uteri'nse [BNA], the irregularly branched or fringed processes surrounding the abdominal opening of the Fallopian tube. fim'briate, fim'briated. Having fimbriae, fringed; in bacteriology, noting a colony with border fringed with projections larger and thicker than cilia; see cut under colony, 3, g. fimbria'tum. Corpus fimbria tum; (i) the outer or ovarian end of the oviduct; (2) a white band on the edge of the comu inferius of the lateral ven- tricle of the brain. fimbriocele (fim'brl-o-sSl) [G. kele, hernia.] A her- nia of the corpus fimbriatimi of the oviduct. Finckh test. [Johann Finckh, German psychi- atrist, ""1873.] For mental disease; the patient is asked to explain certain Droverbial exores- :nckh test 365 FISCHER'S SOLUTION sions, such as " burn the candle at both ends," 'the early bird catches the worm," etc. ger (fing'ger) [A.S.] One of the digits of the land; digitus, clubbed f., Hippocratic* f. dead [., see digiti mortui. drop f ., hammer f . fifth f ., .ittle f . first f., thumb, pollex. fore f., second ;., index, digitus demonstrativus. fourth f., ring f. ham'mer f., flexion at the proximal mterphalangeal joint of a finger, usually the little anger, in'dex f., second f., fore f., digitus iemonstrativus. little f., fifth f., digitus auricu- , laris, digitus minimus, lock f., trigger f . maU'et ., hammer f. med'ical f., ring f. middle f., third f., digitus medius. Morse f., telegrapher's ;ramp, spasmodic contractions of the index fin- der in attempting to work the key of a telegraph instrument, ring f., fourth f., digitus annularis, ligitus medicus, digitus medicinalis. sec'ond f ., lore f. snap f., trigger f. spring f., trigger f. third f., middle f. trigg'er f., an affection in which the movement of the finger is arrested for 1 moment in flexion or extension and then con- binues with a jerk, wax'y fingers, dead fingers. webbed fingers, two or more fingers united and enclosed in a common sheath of skin. ibsence, adactylia, ectodactylia, adactylism, ecto- lactylism. adhesion, syndactylism, dactylosymphysis aone, phalanx, clubbed, Hippocratic fingers, com- municating by means of, dactylology, contraction, iactylogryposis, dactylocanipsodynia, dactylospasm. :urvature, chirodactylia, ehirodactylism. deviation, ligitus extensus, d. flexus, d. varus, d. valgus, dropsy 3f, dactyledema gout in, dactylagra. having an even number, artiodactyious. having an odd number, peris- sodaotylous. having fingers of even length, isodactyl- 3US. having five, pentadactylous, oiuinquedigitate. having four, tetradactylous, quadridigitate. having nore than five, hyperdactylous, polydactylous. hav- ing one, monodactylous, unidigitate. having six, iiexadactylous, sedigitate, sexdigitate. having three, tridactylous, tridigitate. having two, didactylous, bidigitate. impeded contraction, spring finger, trigger [inger. inflammation, dactylitis, dactylarthritis, pan- iritium, panaris, paronychia, felon, whitlow, joint, knuckle, large, macro actyl, megadactyl. largeness, lactylomegaly, megalodactylism, macrodactylism. long, macrodactyl. painftd contraction, dactylocamps- 3dynia. pain in, dactylalgia, dactylodynia. perma- nent flexure, dactylogryposis, Dupuytren's contraction , iactylocampsis. rheumatism, dactylarthritis. short, braohydactyl. slender, leptodactyl. small, micro- lactyl. spasmodic contraction, dactylospasm. spon- taneous amputation, dactylolysis, ainhum. supernu- merary, polydactylism. thick, pachydactyl. webbed, lactylia, dactylium, dactylosymphysis, syndactyl- ism, palmature. ger-and-toe disease (fing'ger-and-to diz-ez'). Plasmodiophora brassiere, a turnip disease caused by exposure to manure treated with sulphurous icid, supposed to be analogous to certain cancers jccurring in workmen exposed to sulphur fumes. ger-phenomenon (fing'ger-fe-nom'e-non). A iign of organic hemiplegia; the patient's arm resting with the elbow on a table, the examiner jrasps the wrist and makes pressure with his ;humb on the radial side of the pisiform bone; if the hemiplegia is organic, some or all of the Datient's fingers become extended and spread 3ut in a fan-like form. ger-print. An impression of the inked bulb of the iisi:al phalanx of a finger showing the configura- tion of the ridges, employed as a means of Identl- Bcation; see Gallon's* system. ik'lei -Prior spiril'lum [Ditmar Finkler, German Dacteriologist, 1852-1912; Prior, German bacte- riologist, contemporary.] Vibrio proieus, an Drganism resembling the comma bacillus, found in the feces in cholera nostras. I'ney's opera'tion [John Miller Turpin Finney, Baltimore surgeon, '''1863.] A form of gastroduo- I denostomy in which a large opening is formed ensuring free drainage from the stomach, Fin'sen light [Niels Ryberg Finsen, Copenhagen physician, 1860-1904.] The violet and ultra- violet rays of the spectrum filtered out of the sunlight by a hollow planoconvex lens filled with an ammoniacal solution of copper sulphatp; usually, instead of the filtered sunlight, the 4 ^ "g^* FiNGER-PKiNTS : I and 2, Loops, showing also Galton'a delta; 3, arches; 4, whorls; 5, circles; 6, showing the- mark of a scar. electric arc light is used, the rays being made parallel by two planoconvex lenses. The light is used in the treatment of lupus and other affec- tions of the skin. F. meth'od, (i) treatment of skin diseases by the F. light; (2) prevention of pitting in smallpox by keeping the patient in a. red-lighted room, the chemical rays at the other end of the spectrum being excluded. fir. Abies. firedamp (fir'damp). Marsh gas, or light carbureted hydrogen, forming an explosive mixtture with the oxygen of the air. first-aid. Immediate assistance given in the case of injury or sudden illness by a bystander or other lay-person, before the arrival of the physician. first nerve (furst'nurv). Nervus* olfactorius. Fisch'er's cer'ebral mur'mur [Louis Fischer, New York physician, bom in Austria, 1864.] A mur- mur synchronous with the cardiac systole heard over the anterior fontanelle in rachitic infants. F.'s symp'tom, a presystolic non-valvular mur- mur audible in cases of pericardial adhesions. Fisch'er's meth'od [Georg Fischer, German surgeon, ♦1836.] Gradual formation of a gastric fistula. The stomach is first attached to the abdominal wall, and after four days, when the adhesions are sufficiently firm, a hypodermic needle is passed obliquely into the stomach and one or two ounces of milk are injected; following this, needles of gradually increasing size are passed daily at the same point and finally a trocar of sufficient size for the ready administration of liquid food. Fisch'er*s sign. In a case of tuberculosis of the bronchial glands, if one bends the child's head as far back as possible, auscultation over the manubrium stemi will sometimes reveal a con- tinuous loud murmur caused by the pressure of the enlarged glands on the vena anonyma. Fisch'er's solu'tion [Martin Henry Fischer, American physician,* 1879.] Sodium carbonate. FISCHER'S SOLUTION 366 FISTULA 10-15; sodium chloride, 14; water, 1000; em- ployed in the treatm.ent of nephritis, or of uremia resulting thereform. Fisch'er's test [Emil Fischer, German chemist, 1852— 1919.] On boiling urine with phenyl- hydrazine and sodium acetate, yellow acicular crystals of phenylglucosazone will be formed if glucose is present; Kowarsky's and v. Jaksch's tests depend upon the same reaction, differing only in some details of manipulation. fish'skin disease'. Ichthyosis. Fiske-Biy 'son's sign [Louise Fiske-Bryson, New York physician, contemporary.] Diminished inspira- tory excursion of the chest in exophthalmic goiter. fission (fish'-un) [L. fissio; findere, to cleave.] Division of a cell or its nucleus, bi'naiy f., simple f. in which the two new cells are approxi- mately equal in size, mul'tiple f., sporulation, division of the nucleus, simultaneously or suc- cessively, into a number of daughter nuclei, followed by division of the cell-body into an equal number of parts, each containing a nucleus. sim'ple f., division of the nucleus and then the cell-body into two parts. fiss'ion-fungus. Schizomycete, bacterium. fissiparity (fis"l-par'I-ti) [L. findere, to split, + parere, to bring forth.] Scissiparity,schizogenesis. £ssij>'arous [L. fissus; findere, to cleave, -I- parere, to " -produce.] Reproducing or propagating by fission. Fissipe'dia [L. fissus, cloven, -H pes(ped), foot.] A suborder of the camivora having the toes sepa- rated and suited to walking. fissu'ra, pi. fissures [L. from findere to cleave.] Fis- sure, cleft, sulcus. f. antitragohelici'na [BNA], antitragohelicine fissure, a fissure in the auricular cartilage between the cauda- helicis and the antitragus. f. auricula'ris, f. tympanomastoidea. f. calcari'na [BNA], calcarine fissure, a deep fissure running in an arched form backward from the isthmus of the fornicate gyrus to the occipital pole, bounding the upper border of the lingual gyrus. f. cer'ebri lateralis [BNA], lateral cerebral fissure, fissure of Sylvius, the largest of the cerebral fissures, arising from the substantia perforata anterior and passing upward and backward, separating the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes; it usually divides into three branches on the convex surface of the hemi- sphere. f. coUatera'Iis[BNA], collateral fissure, alongsagitta fissure bounding the under surface of the temporal lobe on its medial aspect, separating the fusiform gyrus from the hippocampal and lingual gyri. f. denta'ta, dentate fissure, f. hippocampi [BNA]. f. hippocam'pi [BNA], hippocampal fissure, dentate fissure, a fissure bounding the medial surface of the gyrus hippocampi, extending from the sulcus corporis callosi forward, between the fascia dentata and the hippocampal convolution, its anterior extremity being capped by the uncus. f. longitudina'lis cer'ebri [BNA], longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum, great longitudinal fissure, a deep cleft separating the two hemispheres of the cerebrum. f. media'na ante'rior [BNA], anterior median fissure, a deep fissure in the median line of the anterior surface of the spinal cord and of the medulla oblongata. f, media'na poste'rior (i) [BNA], the posterior med- ian fissure of the medulla oblongata occupying the lower half of the medulla and terminating at the tower point of the fossa rhomboidalis; (2) sulcus medianus posterior [BNA], f. orbita'liB infe'rior [BNA], "inferior orbital fissure, sphenomaxillary fissure; a cleft between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the orbital plate of the m.axilla, through which pass the superior maxillary division of the fifth nerve, the orbital branch of the same, fibers from. Meckel's ganglion, and the infra- orbital vessels. f. orbita'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior orbital fissure, sphenoidal fissure, foramen lacerum anterius; a cleft between the greater and the lesser wing of the sphenoid establishing a channel of communication between the middle cranial fossa and the orbit, through which pass the third, fourth, ophthalmic division of the fifth, and the sixth cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic veins. f. palpebra'rum, the opening between the margins of the eyelids. f . pari"etooccipita'lis [B N A], parieto-occipital fissure, a fissure on the mesial surface of each cerebral hemi- sphere, extending upward from the calcarine fissure from just behind the splenium of the corpus callosum; it marks the boundary between the cuneus and pre- cuneus, or between the occipital and the parietal lobes. f. perpendicula'ris exter'na, external perpendicular fissure, a temporary infolding in the wall of the cere- bral hemisphere in the human fetus, corresponding to a permanent fissure in the adult ape, the "Affen- spalte" or ape-fissure. f . petrooccipita'Iis [BNA], occipital fissure, a fissure passing backward from the foramen lacerum between the outer side of the basioccipital and the posterior and i nner border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone- i. petrosquamo'sa [BNA], a shallow fissure indicating externally the line of fusion of the petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone. f. petrotympan'ica [BNA], petrotympanic fissure, Glaserian fissure, a fissure between the tympanic and squamous portions of the temporal bone; it transmits the chorda tympani nerve (through the canal of Huguier). f. pterygoid'ea [BNA], pterygoid notch, a cleft between the two pterygoid plates, lamina lateralis and 1 amina medialis of the sphenoid bone, into which fits the pterygoid process or tuberosity of the palate bone. f . puden'di, rima pudendi. f. Sil'vii, f. cerebri lateralis. f. sphe"nopetro'sa [BNA], a narrow fissure between the under surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. f. transver'sa cerebel'li, transverse fissure of the cerebellum, a depression or cleft between the cere- bellar peduncles on either side and the anterior por- tion, or nodule, of the vermis. f. transver'sa cer'ebri, transverse fissure of the cerebrum, a cleft intervening between the corpus callosum and fornix above and the diencephalon below, through which passes a double lamina of pia mater, the tela chorioidea which roofs over the third ventricle. f. tympanomastoid'ea [BNA], tympanomastoid or auricular fissure, a fissure separating the tympanic posteriorly from the mastoid and squamous portions of the temporal bone; it transmits the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. fis'sural. Relating to a fissure. fissure (fish'ur) [L. fissura.l x. A furrow, cleft, or slit; for the normal anatomical fissures see fissura, and for most of the brain fissures, sulcus, 2. In dentistry a break or fault in the enamel of a tooth, fissured (fish'urd). Marked by or containing fis- sures, cracks, or clefts. fis'tula [L. a pipe, a tube.] i. A pathological sinus or abnormal passage leading from an abscess cavity or a hollow organ to the surface, or from one abscess cavity or organ to another. 2. A natural canal, such as the esophagus or trachea (obsolete). abdom'lnal f ., a tract leading from one of the abdom- inal viscera to the external surface. ae'rial f., a tract leading from the trachea or other part of the air passages to the surface of the neck. amphibol'ic f., amphib'olous f., a complete f., an anal f. opening both externally and internally. a'nal f ., a f . opening at or near the anus, usually, but not always, opening into the rectum above the internal sphincter. bil'iary f., a f. leading to the gall-bladder or other portion of the biliary tract. FISTULA 367 FLAGELLUM blind f., one that ends in a cul-de-sac, being open at one extremity only. bran'chial f., a congenital fistula in the neck due to incomplete closure of a branchial cleft. cer'vical f., (i) an aerial or a branchial f.; (2) a fistula of the cervix uteri. coccyg'eal f., a fistulous opening of a dermoid cyst in the coccygeal region. complete' f ., one which is open at both ends. den'tal f ., a f. leading down to the cavity of an alve- olar abscess. enterovag'inal f., a fistulous passage connecting some portion of the intestine and the vagina. enteroves'ical £., a f. connecting the intestine and the bladder. fe'cal f ., an intestinal f. f. au'ris congen'ita, a congenital f. resulting from a defect in the formation of the auricle. f. bellinia'na, Bellini's fistula, a urinary tubule. i. bimuco'sa, (l) a complete anal fistula, both ends of which open on the mucous surface; (2) perforation into two neighboring intestinal coils in certain cases of peritonitis. f. cer"vicovagina'lis laquea'la [L. laqueatus, paneled], a fistulous communication between the uterine cervical canal and the vagina. f. ciba'lis, the esophagus. f . col'li congen'ita, a congenital f . of the neck leading to the pharynx or the air passage. f. cor'neae, a f. resulting from an unhealed wound in the cornea, the external opening being usually covered with conjunctiva. f, cru'ris, the fibula. i. giagiva'lis, dental f. f. lacrima'lis, a f . opening into a tear duct or the lacr3mial sac. f . lymphaf ica, a congenital f . in the neck connecting with a lymphatic vessel and giving exit to lymph. f. nervo'rum, the nervilemma. f. test, see under test. t. urina'ria, a f. of any part of the urinary tract. Eds' trie f ., a fistulous tract leading from the abdom- inal wall into the stomach. gastrocol'ic {., a fistulous communication between the stomach and the colon. gastroduod'enal f., an abnormal opening between the stomach and the duodenum. gastrolntes'tinal f., a fistulous tract connecting the stomach with any portion of the intestine. genitou'rinary f ., a fistulous opening into any portion of the urogenital tract. hepaf ic f., a f. leading to the liver, biliary f. horse'shoe f., an anal f. encircling the anus and opening at both extremities on the cutaneous surface. incomplete' f ., blind f. inter'nal f., a f., usually a blind f., communicating only with the intestine or other internal organ. lac' teal f., mammary {., a fistulous opening into one of the lacteal ducts. me"tropeTitone'al t., a fistulous tract through the uterine wall opening into the peritoneal cavity. pari'etal f., a f., either blind or complete, opening on the wall of the thorax or abdomen. perineovag'inal f., a f. through the perineum, opening into the vagina. pharyn'geal f ., a form of f. colli congenita. pul'monaiy t., a parietal f. communicating with the lung. rectola'bial f., one opening into the rectum and on the surface of a labium majus. rectoure'thral f., one connecting the rectum and the female urethra. rectovag'inal f., a fistulous opening between the rectum and the vagina. rectoves'ical f., a fistulous communication between the rectum and the bladder. rectovul'var f., rectolabial f. sal'ivary f ., a f. leading into a salivary duct. spermaf ic f ., a f. communicating with the testicle or any of the seminal passages. Bter'coral f., fecal f. thorac'ic f ., parietal f. tra'cheal f., aerial f.; a form of f. colli congenita. u'rachal f., a f. connecting the urachus with the rectum or other hollow organ. u'rinary f., f . urinaria. urogen'ital f,, genitourinary f. fisttila'tion, fistuUza'tion. Formation of fistulas in a part ; becoming fistulous. fis'tulatome [G. tome, a cutting.] A long, thin- bladed, probe-pointed knife for slitting up a fistula. fistuloenterostomy (fis"tu-lo-en-ter-os'to-mI). The operative closure of an external biliary fistula and formation of a new tract for passage of the bile into the intestine. fis'tulous. Relating to or containing a fistula. fit [A.S. fiit.J I. An attack of an acute disease, or the sudden appearance of some symptom, such as coughing. 2. A convulsion. Fitz's syn'drome [Reginald Heber Fitz, Boston physician, 1843-19 13.] Severe epigastric pain, vomiting, and collapse, appearing suddenly, and followed within twenty-four hours by tympanites or a circumscribed epigastric swelling; indicative of acute pancreatitis. Fiuggi, Italy (fe-ood'je). Saline waters. Radio- active properties. Cold. Used by drinking for gastric complaints. fizateur (feks-S-ter') . Metchnikoff 's term for ambo- ceptor. fixa'tion [L. fixus; figere, to fasten.] ±. The condi- tion of being fixed or firmly attached or set. 3. The art of fixing or making firm. ' 3 . In histology, the rapid killing of tissue elements and their hardening, so that they are preserved in the same relations they had in the living body. 4. In chemistry, the solidification of a gas on uniting with a solid, f. of com'plement, see under com- plement, point of f., the point on the retina at which the rays coming from an object regarded directly are focussed. re'nal f., an approach to uniformity in the rate of excretion and in the specific gravity of the urine, and delay or failure to respond by increased excretion to the inges- tion of food. flx'ative. i. Serving to fix or make firm. j. A substance used in the hardening and preservation of pathological and histological specimens. 3. Amboceptor. fix'ator. Amboceptor. fix'ing. See fixation (3). flabel'Ium [L. a fan.] A fan-shaped bundle of white fibers in the corpus striatum. flaccid (flak'sid) [L. fiaccidus.] Relaxed, fiabby, without bone. flacherie (fiS-sher-e') [Fr.] A microparasitic disease of silkworms. flag. Calamus. Flagella'ta Ewflagellata, a subclass of Masti- gophora, including the chief parasitic forms in this class, such as the trypanosomata and the spirochaetEB. flagellate (flaj'el-at). i. Having one or more fiagella. 2. A protozoon provided with one or more fiagella. one of the Masiigophora. coll'axed f., one of the Ckoanoflagellata. flagellated (flaj'el-a-ted). Flagellate (i). f. bod'y, the malarial gametocjrte or any similar form in other protozoa. flagel'lospore. Flagellula. flagel'Iula [dim. of flagellum.] A flagellated swarm- spore, flagellospore, a swarm-spore provided with one or more fiagella. Contrasted with amcebula. flagellum, pi. fiagella (flS-jel'tun) [L. a whip.] A FLAGELLUM 368 FLESH long hair-like process, or cilium, attached to an extremity of a protozoon or bacterium ; there may- be one or more flagella .at each extremity. flail-joint, A joint ■with abnormal mobility, especially in the direction of extension. Flajani's disease' (flah-yah'ne) [Giuseppe Flajani, Italian surgeon, 1741-1808.] Exophthalmic goiter. flame-spots. Large hemorrhagic areas in the eye- grounds such as may sometimes be seen in cases of advanced pernicious anemia. flank. The side of the body between the pelvis and the ribs, latus [BNA]. flank-bone. Os ilium. flann'el-rash. Pityriasis or dermatitis sebor- rhoica of the chest and back. flap. A tongue or lip of tissue, cut away from the underlying parts but attached at one end; used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighbor- ing region, or to cover the sawn end of the bone after amputation. flaps. A disease of the horse marked by swelling of the lips. flat. 1. Of even plane surface. 2. Without reso- nance and of low pitch, said of a percussion note. 3. Insipid, without flavor; not effervescent. Flatau's law (fia'tow) [Edward Flatau, Warsaw neurologist. *i863 ] The excentric position of the long spinal tracts; the greater the distance the nerve-fibers run lengthwise in the cord, the more they tend toward its periphery. flat-foot. Pes planus, a foot with sunken arch, so that the entire sole is in contact with the ground ; usually associated with pes valgus. flat'ness. The quality of being flat. flat'ulence [L. fiatulentus; flatus, a blowing.] The presence of an excessive amoiant of gas in the stomach and intestines. flat'ulent. Relating to or suffering from flatulence. fla'tus [L. a. blowing.] i. Expired air. ■^. Gas in the stomach or intestine. 3. Eructation, f. vagina'lis, expulsion of gas from the vagina. flave'do [L. fiavus, yellow.] Yellowness of the skin, jaundice, sallowness. fiavescens (fli-ves'senz) {L^flavescere, to become yellow.] Yellowish. flavine (fla'ven) [L. .^oi/Mi, yellow.] i. A vegetable dye of yellow color. 2. A yellow acridine dye, preparations of which are employed as surgical antiseptics; see acrijlavine and proflavine. fla'vor. I The quality affecting the taste or odor of any substance- .£. A therapeutically inert substance added to a prescription to give an agreeable taste to the mixture. flax [A.S. ■fl.eax.'l Linum. f. lily, phormium. New Zealand flax, a decoction of the rhizome of which has been used in checking inflammation and suppuration. flax'seed. Linseed, linum.* flea. An insect of the genus Pulex, The cominon f. which attacks man is Pulex irriians. rat f., a f. parasitic on the rat and instrumental in transmitting the plague ; the most common forms are Pulex fasciaius, P. pallidus, and Typhlopsylla musculi. flea'bane, Erigeron. fleam. A lancet, especially one for phlebotomy or a gum-lancet. Flechsig's a'reas (flekh'zig) [Paul Emil Flechsig, Gemaan neurologist, *i847.] Three divisions of each lateral half of the medulla as seen on section, marked off by the root fibers of the hypoglossal and vagus nerves; the areas are called anterior, lateral, and posterior. F.'s cutic'ulum, a layer of flat cells on the outer surface of the neuroglia; F.'s fascic'ulus, (i) fasciculus* anterior proprius. (2) fasciculus* lateralis proprius. F.'s tract, fasciculus* cerebellospinalis. F.'s treat'ment, the treatment of epilepsy by opium or morphine in increasing doses followed by the bromides. flec'tion [L. flectere, to bend.] Flexion. Fleischl's hemom'eter (flish'l) [Ernst von Fleischl von Marxow, Viennese physiologist, 1846— 1891.] An instrument for estimating the hemoglobin percentage of the blood, by comparing a definite dilution of a drop of blood with a wedge- shaped piece of ruby glass under water. Fleischmann's bur'sa (flish'mahn) [Godfried Fleischmann, German anatomist, 1777-1853.] An inconstant serous bursa at the level of the frenum linguse, between the surface of the genio- glossus muscle and the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. F.'s hygro'ma, inflamma- tion or distention of F.'s bursa. Fleischl's Hemometer: a, Compartment into which blood is put; o', compartment into which water is put; G, mixing cell; K,K, slip of ruby glass of graduated thickness, adjoining the scale marked on the metal frame, P, P; i?, cogged wheel for sliding the frame containing the glass slip; Tj screw by which R is moved ; 5, reflector; M, opemng in stage through which the scale markings are read. Fleitmann's test (flit'mahn) [Th. Fleitmann, German chemist, nineteenth century.] For arsenic ; hydro- gen is generated in a test-tube containing the sus- pected fluid, the fluid is heated and a piece of fllter paper moistened with silver nitrate solution is held over the top; if arsenic is present the moistened paper is blackened. Flem'ing's tinc'ture of ac'onite [Alexander Fleming, British physician, 1824-1875.] Tinctura aconiti, Fleming (N.F.). Flemming's fi'brillaiy mass [Walther Flemming, German anatomist, 1843-1906.] Spongioplasm. F.'s fluid, a hardening fluid of glacial acetic acid 3, 2 per cent, solution of osmic acid 12, i per cent, solution of chromic acid 50. F.'s germ centers, aggregations of leucocytes in lymphoid tissue. F.'s interfi'brillary sub'stance, paramitome. F.'s solu'tion, liquor acidi chromo-aceto-osmici. F.'s trip'le stain, flx section in acetic alcohol, stain i hour in saturated aqueous safranin solution, wash and stain J hour in saturated aqueous methyl violet solution; wash and flood with orange-ace- tone. flesh [A.S. flcBsc] I. The meat of animals used for food. 2 Muscular tissue. 3. Adiposity, stout- ness, proud f., exuberant granulations from a wounded surface or ulcer. -ETCHERISM 369 ELOURENS'S THEORY tch'erism [Horace , Fletcher, American author, [849-1919.] A dietary system advocated by Horace Fletcher, consisting in most complete nastication, carried to the point where all jaste of the food is lost, and in abstention from :ood until driven thereto by hunger. tch'erize. To practise Fletcherism.* : [flexus; flectere, to bend.] To bend, to move a bint in such a direction as to approximate the ;wo parts which it connects. dbil'itas ce'rea [L. waxy flexibility.] The pe- ;uliar rigidity of catalepsy which may be over- ;ome by slight external force, but returns at once, lolding the limb firmly in the new position. dbil'ity. The capability of being bent, pliability. jlble, flexile (fleks'i-bl, fleks'il). Pliant, capa- ble of being bent without breaking. rimeter (fleks-im'e-tur) [flexion + G. metron, neasure.] Ah instrument for measuring the iegree of flexion possible in a joint. don (flek'shun). i. Flection, bending; bending of I joint so as to approximate the parts it connects, sending of the spine so that the concavity of the :\irve looks forward. 2. In dentistry the dis- placement of a formative organ, resulting in nalposition of the developed tooth. ix'ner's bacillus [Simon Flexner, New York bacteriologist, *i863.] A variety of the dysen- tery bacillus. F.'s se'rum, an antimeningococcus ;erum, curative of epidemic cerebrospinal fever. e'er. A muscle the action of which is to flex a joint ; see under musculus. cu'ra [L. a bending.] x. Flexion. ^. Abend. 3. The knee, or radiocarpal articulation, of a horse ir animal of similar anatpmical structure, f. luode'nojejuna'Us [BNA], an abrupt bend in ;he small intestine at the junction of the duo- ienum and jejunum, f . perinea'lis rec'ti [BNA], mal canal, the lower or prostatic portion of the ■ectum, forming an anteroposterior curve with ;onvexity forward, behind the prostate in the nale. f. sacra'lis rec'ti [BNA], the upper or iacrococcygeal portion of the rectum, forming an mteroposterior curve with convexity backward. '. sigmoid'ea, colon sigmoideum. njre (fleks'ur) [L. fiexura.] Flexura, flexion; a. jend. cau'dai f ., the bend at the lower, caudal or iboral, extremity of the embryo, cephal'ic f., :he bend at the upper or cephalic extremity of ;he embryo, cer'vical f., a bend at the juncture )f the primitive brain and spinal cord in the imbryo. cra'nial f ., cephalic f . dor'sal f ., a f . in ;he mid-dorsal region in the embryo ; in very early itages the f. is with concavity looking backward Dut later the ^concavity becomes a convexity. le'mal f., cephalic f. hepat'ic f., the bend of transition from the ascending to the transverse »lon. pon'tine f ., a curve with concavity directed iorsally, caused by a bending of the hind-brain ipon itself in the embryo, sig'moid f., pelvic ;olon, colon sigmoideum [BNA], S romanum, the oop formed by the lower end of the descending ;oten as it joins the rectum, splen'ic f., the bend it the junction of the transverse with the descend- ng (jolon. sa'cral f., caudal f. Qdfs spots [N. Flindt, Danish physician, con- ;emporary.] Koplik's* spots. .t-disease'. Chalicosis. at's arcade' [Austin Flint, American physiologist son of the following), 1836-1915.] A series of mscular arches at the bases of the pyramids of ;he kidney. Qt's mur'mur [Austin Flint, American physician, [812-1886.] A peculiar sound, described as a more or less distinct rumbling, echoing in quality, heard at the apex of the heart in the middle of diastole or more distinctly presystolic; it occurs frequently in cases of aortic incompetency. Flitwick Well, England (flit'ik) . Chalybeate waters. Cold. Used by drinking in anemia, chlorosis, dyspepsia, neuralgia, and general debility. floating (flot'ing). i. Free, unattached, noting the lower ribs the cartilages of which are not articu- lated directly with the sternum i. Out of the normal position, unduly movable, wandering, noting an occasional abnormal condition of cer- tain organs, as the kidneys, liver, spleen, etc. floccilegium (flok-sWe'jJ-um) [L. flocculus, tuft, + legere, to gather together.] Floccillation, cro- cidismus, carphologia.* floccillation (flok-sHa'shun) [L. flocculus.] Car- phologia, an aimless plucking at the bedclothes, as if one were picking off threads or tufts of cotton, occurring in the low delirium of a fever. floccose (flok'os) [L. floccus, a flock of wool.] In bacteriology, noting a growth of short curving fila- ments or chains, closely but irregularly disposed. flocc'ular. Relating to a flocculus of any Sort, specifically to the flocculus of the cerebellum. flo'cculent. Resembling tufts of cotton or wool; noting a fluid, such as the urine, containing numerous shreds of whitish mucus or other material, or, in bacteriology a fluid culture in which there are numerous floating colonies. floc'culus [L tuft ] I. A tuft or shred of cotton or wool or anything resembling it. 2. A small lobe of the cerebellum at the posterior border of the brachium pontis anterior to the lobulus biventer; it corresponds to the nodule of the vermis, access'- ory f., an occasional small lobule of the cere- bellum in the immediate neighborhood of the flocculus. flood (flud) [A S. flod.] j.. To bleed profusely from the uterus, as after childbirth or in cases of menorrhagia. 2. A profuse menstrual discharge. Flood's lig'ament [Valentine Flood, Irish surgeon, 1800-1847.] A band of the Ugamentum* cora- cohumerale, attached to the lower part of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. flood'ing. I Bleeding profusely from the uterus, especially after childbirth or in severe cases of menorrhagia. 2. A profuse uterine hemorrhage. floor-plate. The thin lower or ventral portion of the medullary tube in the embryo. Flo'ra's myasthen'ic reac'tion or sign. Defective tetanic response to prolonged faradic stimulation of the muscles in cases of traumatic neurasthenia. Flor'ence's reac'tion [Albert Florence, French phy- sician of Lyons, *i85i.] For testing stains sus- pected to be of spermatic fluid. A drop of the washings of the suspected spot is placed on an object glass alongside of a drop of Lugol's solution of iodine; at the point where the two touch brownish, pointed rhombic crystals are formed {F.'s crystals) flo'res [L. pi. of fios, flower.] Blossoms, flowers, blooms, f. benzoi'ni, benzoic acid. f. surphuris, flowers of sulphur, sulphur* sublimatum. flor'id [L. floridus, flowery.] Of a bright red color, noting certain cutaneous lesions. Flourens's the'ory (floo-ran') [Jean Pierre Marie Flourens, Parisian physiologist, 1794-1867.] The theory that thought is a process depending upon the action of the entire cerebrum. F.'s vi'tal node (nceud vital), a point corresponding to the nucleus of origin of the vagus at the end of the rhomboid fossa in the fourth ventricle, destruc- tion of which causes death by respiratory failure. FLOW 370 FLUIDEXTRACTUM flow [A.S. flowan.] i. To bleed from the uterus less profusely than in flooding. 2. The menstrual discharge. 3. The rise in the opsonic index at the beginning of the positive phase. flow'er [L. flos {fior-) .] The sexual organs of a. phanerogamous plant, with the floral envelopes, or perianth ; the sexual organs are the stamens (male) and pistils (female) ; the perianth consists of corolla with its petals (the inner envelope) and caljTc with its sepals (the outer envelope); the male or female organs may be absent (unisexual flower) and there may be but one perianth. complete' f., one which has all the parts of a flower—calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil, cy'clic f., one the leaves of which are arranged in whorls. fe'male f., one which has no stamens, or male ele- ' ments. hemiaph''rodite f., one which has both male and female elements, or both stamens and pistil, irreg'ular f., one the parts of the floral envelope of which are unequal in size, male f., one which has stamens only, but no pistil, reg'u- lar f ., one the parts of the floral envelope of which are equal in size, unisex'ual f., one which has but one sexual element, either the male (stamens) or the female (pistil), zygomor'phous f., an irregular f. which is divisible into similar halves by a vertical plane. Flow'er's den'tal in'dex [Sir William Henry Flower, English physician, 1S31-1899.] See umder index. flow'ers. r. Flores. :£. The menstrual discharge. 3. A mineral substance in a powdery state after sublimation, f. of ben'zoin, benzoic acid, f- of sul'phur, sulphur sublimatum. fluc'tuate. To move in waves, noting the motion of fluid in a cavity such as the abdomen. fluctua'tion [L. Jiuctuaye, to flow in waves.] i. A wave-like motion felt on palpating a cavity with non-rigid walls, like the abdomen, when contain- ing fluid. 2. In the science of heredity any variation which is not inherited. Fluh'rer's probe [William Francis Fluhrer, New York physician, contemporary.] An aluminum probe employed in examining gunshot wounds of the brain, being allowed to sink into the track of the ball under the influence of gravity only. fluid [L. fiuidus.] i. Flowing, liquid, gaseous. 2. Anon-solid substance, liquid or gas. amniot'ic f., liquor amnii. cerebrospi'nal f., the f. contained in the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space. fluid-acet-extract. A fluidextract made with an acetic acid menstruum instead of alcohol. fluidez'tract. Fluidextract tun. fluidextrac'tum, gen. -fiuidextracU, pi. fiuidextracia (flu"id-ek-strak'tum) [L. fiuidus, fluid, + ex- iractum, extract.] Fluidextract, a pharmacopeial prepar^on (termed exiractum Hquidum in the B.P.) fcdnsisting of a concentrated solution in alco- hol, or alcohol and water, of the vegetable princi- ples of a drug, of such strength that i c.c. of fluid- extract represents in therapeutic value i gm. of the crude drug; the exceptions to this rule are the extracts of certain drugs which are standardized to a definite alkaloidal strength. There are eighty-five fluidextracts in the U.S. P. of 1900. [For the liquid extracts of the B.P. see imder exiraciunt.] f. aconi'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of aconite, used in liniments; internal dose, njJJ-i (0.03-0.06). f. adon'idis (N.F.), fluidextract of adonis; cardiac stimulant and diuretic in doses of ltJ}i-3 (0.06-0.2). f. alefridiB (N.F.), fluidextract of aletris; emmen- agogue in doses of TH20-40 (1.3-2.6). f. angericae radi'ciB ^(N.F.), fluidextract of angelica root; stimulant and carminative in doses of TI520-40 (1,3-2.6). f. a'pii fruc'tus (N.F.), fluidextract of celery; diuretic and nerve sedative in doses of 15120-40 (i .3-2 .6). f . apo'cyni (N.F.), fluidextract of apocynum or Canadian hemp; dose, 1K3-S Co. 2-0. 3). f. ara'lise (N.F.), fluidextract of aralia or spikenard; alterative and diaphoretic in doses of 11^20-40 (i .3-2.6). f. ar'nicas (N.F,), fluidextract of arnica flowers; alterative and diuretic in doses of njii-2 (0.06-0.13). f. aromaficum (U.S.), aromatic fluidextract, an alcoholic extract of pulvis aromaticus; used to dis- guise the odor or taste of various drugs, a brown liquid of aromatic taste; dose, HJ 10-30 (0.6-2.0). f. asclepi'adis (N.F.), fluidextract of asclepias or pleurisy root; dose 1530 (2.0). f. aspidosper'matis (U.S.), fluidextract of aspido- sperma or quebracho in a menstruum of alcohol, gly- cerin, and water; dose, 3i (4.0). f. auran'tii ama'ri (U.S.), fluidextract of bitter orange peel, prepared only from the glandular epider- mal layer of orange-peel; a liquid of reddish brown color and aromatic odor and taste ; dose, 5 i~x (2.0-4.0). f. baptis'is (N.F.), fluidextract of baptisia, or wild indigo; dose, iiris (i.o). f. belladon'nsB radi'cis (U.S.), fluidextract of belladonna root, a liquid of a reddish brown color; dose, TiPi-2 (0.06-0.13). f. berber'idis (N.F.), fluidextract of berberis or bar- berry; dose, nj2-S (o. 13-0. 3), f. bordi (N.F.), fluidextract of boldo; alterative and tonic in doses of HJs— 10 (0.3-0.6). f. bu'chu (U.S.), fluidextract of buchu; dose, 3i— i (2 . 0-4 . o) largely diluted. f. bu'chu compos'itum (N.F.), compound fltdd- extract of buchu; buchu, 62.5, juniper, uva ursi, and cubeb, each 12.5; employed in catarrh of the urinary tract in doses of Ti]j2o-4o (1.3-2.6). f. cal'ami (U.S.), fluidextract of calamus; dose, TIBs-20 (0.3-1.3). f. calen'dulffl (N.F.), fluidextract of calendula; alterative and stimulant in doses of T1]J 1 0—20 (o . 6-1 . 3) , and externally for bruises and sprains. f. calum'bse (N.F.), fluidextract of calumba or Colombo, a fluid of an orange-brown color; employed as a bitter tonic with iron, as it contains no tannin, in doses of npio-6o (0.6-4.0). f. cameriisB, fluidextract of camellia (tea); made from black tea, "Formosa oolong;" nerve stimulant in doses of ith20— 40 (1.3-2.6). f. can'nabis (U.S.), fluidextract of cannabis or Indian hemp; dose igii-i (0.03-0.06). f, cap'sici (U.S.), fluidextract of capsicum or red pepper, a fluid of brown-red color and hot burning taste; dose, npi-2 (0.06-0.13). f. cas'cars sagra'ds (U.S.), fluidextract of cascara sagrada, a dark reddish brown liquid of very bitter taste; dose, nRi5-30 (1.0-2.0). f. cas'caree sagraMs aromaficmn (U.S.), aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada, prepared with the addi- tion of licorice, benzosulphimde, oils of anise, cinna- mon, and coriander, and methyl salicylate by means of which the bitter taste is covered; a dark reddish brown liquid of sweetish aromatic taste; dose, iTEis-30 (i .0-2 .0). f . casta''neae (N.F.), fluidextract of chestnut leaves; dose 3i (4.0). f. cata'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of cataria or catnip; dose, 5 1 (4.0). f. caulophyrii (N.F.) fluidextract of caulophyllimi, antispasmodic and emmenagogue in doses of Tl)}5— 10 (0.3-0.6). f, chimaph'ilfls (N.F.), fluidextract of chimaphila or pipsissewa, dose, ll]J3o-6o (2.0-4.0). f. chionan'thi (N.F.), fluidextract of chionanthus. or fringe-tree bark; dose, nji30 (2 .0), f. chira'tflB (N.F.), fluidextract of chirata, a reddish brown fluid of bitter taste; dose, TTPis-3o (1.0-2.0). f. cimicifugae (U.S.), fluidextract of cimicifuga, or black snakeroot, or black cohosh; dose, njis (i.o). t. cincho'ns (U.S.), fluidextract of cinchona, a liquid of a reddish brown color; dose 1515 (i ,0). f. cincho'nffi aquo'sum (N.F.), aqueous fluidextract ^UIDEXTRACTU^ 371 FLUIDEXTRACTUM 'f cinchona, made with hydrochloric acid, glycrine, .Icohol, and water; dose, 15115 (i .0). f. co'cfle, fluidextract of coca or of erythroxylon ; Lose, 3^1 (2.0-4.0). f. cocilla'nae (N.F.), fluidextract of cocillana. the Iried bark of Guavea rusbyi; dose, iteis (i .0). f .cof'feae (N.F.), fluidextract of coffee; stimulant and onic in doses of 11)120-40 (r .3-2 .6). f. col'chici cor'mi (N.F.), fluidextract of colchicum orm, formerly called colchicum root ; dose, 11^3 (0.2). f. col'chici sem'inis (U.S.), fluidextract of colchi- :um seed, each 100 c.c. should contain 0.5 gun. of jolchiciue; dose, TIJJ2-5 (0.13-0.3). f . condurau'go (N.F.), fluidextract of condurango, a !quid of a brown color; dose. 3i-2 (4.0-8.0). f .coni'i (N.P.), fluidextract of conium or hemlock, a ;quid of a reddish green color; dose, 11112-5 (o . 13-0 .3). f. convalla'riae flo'nim (N.F.), fluidextract of con- rallaria flowers; diuretic and cardiac tonic in doses of IBs-io (0.3-0.6), f. convalla'risB radi'cis (N.F.), fluidextract of con- ■allaria or lily of the valley, prepared from the rhizome r rootlets; dose, n!i4-8 (0.25-0.5). f. cop'tis (N.P.), fluidextract of coptis or gold- hread; stimulant and tonic in doses of n])2o-4o 1.3-2.6). f. cor'ni (N.F.), fluidextract of comus or dogwood; LStringent and antiperiodic in doses of Tlj2o-4o (1.3- 1.6). f . coryd'alis (N.F.) , fluidextract of corydalis, ;urkey com; alterative and diuretic in doses of IB8-15 (0.5-1.0). f . co'to, f. paracoto (N.F.). f. cube'bflB (U.S.), fluidextract of cubeb, a liquid of L dark green color; dose, III15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. cypripe'dii (U.S.), fluidextract of cypripedium or adies' slipper, a liquid of a reddish brown color; dose, iJJs-is (0.3-1.0), t. damia'nee (N.F.), fluidextract of damiana; dose, 1E30 (2.0). f. digita'lis (U.S.), fluidextract of digitalis, a liquid )f a brownish green color; dose, B)Ji— 2 (0.06-0.13). f . diosco'reae (N.F.), fluidextract of dioscorea or wild ■am root ; dose, 3 1 (4.0). f. dros'eiae (N.F.), fluidextract of drosera or sundew; Lose, 3 1 (40). f. dulcama'rae (N.F.), fluidextract of dulcamara, or littersweet; dose, 3i (4-o). f. echina'cese (N.F.), fluidextract of echinacea; dose, lEiS (i.o). f. ergo'tse ^U.S.), fluidextract of ergot, a liquid of eddish brown color; dose, 3§-2 (2.0-8,0). f. eriodic'tyi (U.S.), fluidextract of eriodictyon or "■erba santa, a liquid of dark greenish brown color; dose 5i~i (2.0-4.0). f. eucalyp'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of eucalyptus; dose, ^30 (2.0). f. euon'ymi (N.F.), fluidextract of euonymus or rahoo, a brown liquid of bitter taste; dose, ni[8 (0.5), speated with caution until the patient's tolerance is scertained, f. eupato'rii (U.S.), fluidextract of eupatorium or loneset, a liquid of a brownish color, dose, 3i— i 2.0-4.0), f. euphor'bi£e pilulif'erae (N.F.), fluidextract of uphorbia pilulifera, or pill-bearing spurge; dose, 15130 2.0). f. fran'gulee (U.S.), fluidextract of frangula, or buck- biom bark, a liquid of reddish brown color and bitterish iste; dose, he 10-30 (0,6-2.0). f. fu'ci (N.F.), fluidextract of fucus, bladder-wrack; ;as been recommended for obesity in doses of TI]j8-is o.s-i.o). f. gale'gse (N.P.), fluidextract of galega, or European oat's rue; dose, 3^ (4-o)- f. gelsem'ii (U.S.), fluidextract of gelsemium, a quid of reddish brown color; dose, irEi— i (o .03-0 .06). f. gentia'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of gentian; dose, P10-30 (0.6-2.0). f . gera'nii (N.F.) , fluidextract of geranium, a reddish- rown liquid of astringent taste; dose, 5i-i (2.0-4.0). f. glycyrrhi'zse (U.S.), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza or corice, a yellowish brown liquid; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0- .0). f. gossyp'ii cor'ticis (N.F.), fluidextract of cottonroot bark; dose, 15130 (2.0), f. grana'ti (U.S.), fluidextract of granatum or pomegranate, a brownish green liquid of mildly astringent taste; dose, Tl)j2o-3o (1.3-2.0). f. grinde'liae (U.S.), fluidextract of grindelia, a brownish green liquid; dose 3i-i (2.0-4.0). f. guara'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of guarana, a reddish brown liquid of bitter astringent taste; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0), , f. hamamel'idis foUo'rum (N.F.), fluidextract of hamamelis leaves, or of witch-hazel, a liquid of light brown color and bitter taste; dose, liBio-30 (0,6-2,0). f . helian'themi (N.F.) , fluidextract of helianthemum, frost-wort; astringent and alterative in doses of 3 1 (4.0). f . helonia'dis (N.F.), fluidextract of helonias, or false unicorn; dose, tte30 (2.0). f. hu'muli (N.F.), fluidextract of hops; tonic and nerve sedative in doses of n])2o-4o (1,3-2.6). f, hydran'geae (N.F.), fluidextract of hydrangea or seven-barks; diuretic and antirheumatic in doses of n]j2o-4o (1.3-2.6). f. hydras' tis (U.S.), fluidextract of hydrastis or golden seal, a liquid of dark yellowish brown color and bitter taste; dose, 15130 (2 .0). f. hyoscy'ami (U.S.), fluidextract of hyoscyamus or henbane, a greenish brown liquid; dose, 1185-6 (0.3-0.4). f. ipecacuan'hfe (U.S.), fluidextract of ipecacuanha or ipecac, a dark brownish red liquid of acrid taste; dose, as an expectorant, t5[I— 2 (0.06-0.13), as an emetic, nj 1 0-30 (0 . 6-2 . o) . f. ir'idis versicolo'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of blue flag; dose, njso (2 .0). f. jala'pEe (N.F.), fluidextract of jalap; hydragogue cathartic in doses of TFB10-20 (0.6—1.3). f. juglan'dis (N.F.), fluidextract of juglans, butter- nut; alterative and antiperiodic in doses of 3i (4.0), f. junip'eri (N.F.), fluidextract of jumper; diaphor- etic and diuretic in dose of 3 1 (4.0). f. ka'vse (N.F.), fluidextract of kava or methysticum; alterative • and anticatarrhal in doses of TIJ 1 0-2 o (0,6-1.3). , f. ko'lse (N.F,), fluidextract of cola or sterculia; dose, 5 1 (4.0). f. krame'ri^e (N.F.), fluidextract of krameria or rhatany, a liquid of a dark reddish brown color and astringent taste; dose IIB20-40 (1,3—2.5). f, lap'pse (N.F.), fluidextract of lappa or burdock; dose, TI]}3o-6o (2,0-4.0). f. leptan'dTGe (N.F.), fluidextract of leptandra, a reddish brown liquid of a bitter disagreeable taste; dose, TlSro-eo (0.6-4.0). f. lobe'lise (U.S.), fluidextract of lobelia or Indian tobacco, a liquid of brownish green color and acrid taste; dose, W^S (0.06-0.3). f.lupuli'ni (N.P.), fluidextract of lupulin, a brownish red liquid; dose Tl]}3o-6o (2.0-4.0). f. mal'ti (N.F.), fluidextract of malt; tonic in dose of 32 (8.0). f. mati'co (N.F.), fluidextract of matico, a very dark green liquid of bitter taste and aromatic odor; dose, lISio-60 (0.6-4.0). f. menyan'this, fluidextract of menyanthes, buck- bean; alterative in doses of 15110-20 (o .6-1 .3). f. meze'rei (N.F.), fluidextract of mezereum or mezereon, a green liquid of acrid taste; dose, njs- 10 (0,3-0.6). f. nu'ciB Tom'icse (U.S.), fluidextract of nux vomica; dose, TI]Ji-s (0.06-0.3). f. paraco'to (N.P.), fluidextract of paracoto, formerly fluidextract of coto; astringent in doses of 1513-6 (0.2-0.4). t pare'irffl (N.F.), fluidextract of pareira, a brown liquid of bitter taste; dose, 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) . f. petroseli'ni radi'cis (N.F), fluidextract of parsley root; emmenagogue and diuretic in doses of 1^)20-40 (1,3-2.6). f. phytolac'cse (N.F.), fluidextract of Phytolacca or pokeroot; dose, as an alterative, \^2-5 (0.13-0.3), as an emetic, TTUio-ao (0.6-2.0). f. pnocar'pi (U.S.), fluidextract of pilocarpus or LUI DEXTRACTUM 372 FLUID OUNCE jaborandi, a liquid of reddish green color; dose, TIIio-30 (0.6-2 .0). f. podophyni (U.S), fluidextract of podophyllum or may-apple, a dark reddish brown liquid ; dose, TTBs-20 (0.3-1.3). f, pru'ni virginia'nee (N.P.), fluidextract of wild cherry, a dark brownish red liquid of the odor of peach-kernels; dose, HI 15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. quas'siae (N.P.), fluidextract of quassia, a liquid of yellowish brown color and bitter taste; dose, TTIis- 30 (i .0-2.0). f. quer'cus (N.F.), fluidextract of quercus or white- oak bark, a liquid of reddish brown color and astringent taste; dose, 1^15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. quilla'JEe (U.S.), fluidextract of quillaja or soap- bark, a brownish Uquid of acrid taste; dose, liPi-3 (0.06-0.2). £. rham'ni cathar'ticEe (N.F), fluidextract of rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn berries; dose, ngiS (lo)* f. rham'ni purshia'nEe, f. cascarse sagradas (U.S.). f. rham'ni puTshia'nce aromat'icum, f. cascarse sag- radse aromaticum (U.S.). f. rhe'i (U.S.), fluidextract of rhubarb, a liquid of dark reddish brown color; dose, H]] 15-30 (1,0-2.0). f. rho'k gla'brse (N.F.) , fluidextract of rhus glabra or sumach berries, a deep red liquid of astringent, slightly acid taste; dose, 11515-30 (1.0-2.0). f. ro'sas (U.S.), fluidextract of rose, a liquid of deep rose- red color, slightly astringent taste, and an odor of roses; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). f. ru'bi (N.F.), fluidextract of rubus, or blackberry bark, a dark brown liquid of astringent taste; dose, 3i— 2 (2 .0-8.0). f . ru'micis (N.F.), fluidextract of rumex, or yellow dock; dose, 3i (40). f . sa'bal (U.S.), fluidextract of sabal or saw palmetto; dose, 1510-30 {0.6-2.0). f. sabi'nee, fluidextract of savine, a greenish brown liquid, usually employed externally; internal dose, njs- 10 (0.3-0.6). f. sanguina'ris (N.F.), fluidextract of sanguinaria or bloodroot, a deep red liquid of acidulous acrid taste; dose, iriii— 2 (0.06-0.13). f. sarsaparil'lse (U.S.), fluidextract of sarsaparilla, a dark brown liquid; dose, TIP30-60 (2.0—4.0). f. sarsaparirise compos'itum (U.S.), compound fluidextract of sarsaparilla, made from sarsaparilla, licorice, sassafras, and mezereon; dose, lil3o-6o (2.0-4.0). f. scil'ke (U.S.), fluidextract of squill, a liquid of yellowish color and sour, bitter taste; dose, TTp2-3 (0.13-0.2). f. scopa'rii (N.F.), fluidextract of scoparius, or broom tops; dose, iij[is (i .0). f. sca'polse, fluidextract of scopola; dose, 1T111-5 (0.06-0.3). f. scutella'rias CN.F.), fluidextract of Scutellaria or skullcap, a greenish brown liquid; dose, n]J3o-6o (2.0-4.0). f . senecio'nis (N.F.), fluidextract of senecio, prepared in a menstruum of one volume of water to two volumes of alcohol; dose, 3i (40). f. sen'egse (U.S.), fluidextract of senega, a dark brown liquid of acrid taste; dose, TIB2-10 (0.13-0.6) f. sen'nse (U.S.), fluidextract of senna, a liquid of dark brown color; dose, 3^i (2.0-4.0). f. Berpenta'riee (N.F.), fluidextract of serpentaria or snakeroot, a reddish brown liquid of bitter taste; dose, ITB15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. sola'ni (N.P.), fluidextract of solanum, or horse- nettle berries; dose 3 1 (4.0). f. spige'liee (U.S.), fluidextract of spigelia, a dark brown liquid; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). f. Btaphisa'griee (U.S.), fluidextract of staphisagria or stavesacre, a light greenish fluid; employedex- ternally only as a parasiticide. f. stercu'liEe, f. kolas (N.F.). f. stillin'gisB (U.S.) , fluidextract of stillingia, a reddish brown liquid with a pungent bitter taste; dose, TFP15-30 (1.0-2.0). f. BtUlin'gifiB compoB'itum (N.F.), compound fluid- extract of stillingia; made from stillingia and corydalis each 25, iris, sambucus, and chinophila each 12.5, coriander and xanthoxylum berries, each 6.25; alterative and resolvent in doses of TI520-40 (1.3-2.6). f. Btramo'nU (N.F.), fluidextract of stramonium, made from the leaves, a dark greenish brown fluid; dose, TlJJi- 2 (0.06-0.13). f, sum'bul (U.S.), fluidextract of sumbul or musk- root, a yellowish brown liquid with an odor of musk; dose, n]!is-4S (1.0-3.0). f. tarax'ici (U.S.), fluidextract of taraxacum or dandelion root, a reddish brown liquid with a slightly bitter sweetish taste; dose, TIB30-60 (2.0-4.0). f . thu'jse (N.F.), fluidextract of thuya, or arbor vitae; dose, 1TI130 (2 .0). f. thy'mi (N.P.). fluidextract of thyme; dose, 3i (4-0). f. trifo'lii (N.F.), fluidextract of trifolium, or red clover; dose, ^i (4.0). f. tril'lii (N.F.), fluidextract of trillium, birthroot, tonic expectorant in doses of TT]32o-40 (i . 3—2 . 6). f. trit'ici (U.S.), fluidextract of triticum or couch- grass, a brownish liquid of a sweetish taste; dose, 32-3 (8.0-12.0). f. tur'nerse, f. damianae (N.F.), f. urti'cae (N.F.), fluidextract of urtica or nettle; astringent diuretic, in doses of Tl]!io-2o (0.6-1.3), f. u'vae ur'si (U.S.), fluidextract of uva ursi, a liquid of dark brown color and astringent bitter taste; dose, n]}3o-6o (2 .0-4.0). f. valeria'nse (N.F.),fluidextract of valerian, a fluid of reddish brown color; dose, n]!3o-6o (2 . 0-4 . o). f. vera'tri vir'idis (U.S.), fluidextract of veratrum viride, or green hellebore; dose, 1511-2 (0.06—0.13). f . verbas'ci fo'lis (N.F.), fluidextract of verbascum or mullein leaves ; demulcent and anticatarrhal in dose of 31 (4.0). f. verbe'nse (N.F.), fluidextract of verbena, vervain; tonic in doses of Tn!io-2o (0.6-1 .3). f. vibur'ni op'uli (N.F.), fluidextract of viburnum opulus or crampbark, a reddish brown liquid of slightly astringent taste; dose, ^15-60 (1.0-4.0). if. vibur'ni prunifo'Iii (U.S.), fluidextract of vibur- num, prunifolium or black haw bark, a dark brownish red liquid, of astringent and bitterish taste; dose, TIP30-60 (2.0-4.0). f. xanthox'yii (U.S.), fluidextract of xanthoxylum , or prickly ash, a liquid of reddish brown color and acrid taste; dose, TI]!3o-6o (2.0-4.0). f. ze'se (N.F.), fluidextract of zea oir comsilk; diuretic in dose of 3 1 (4 ■ o) • f. zingib'eris (U.S.) , fluidextract of ginger, a brown- ish red liquid of pungent spicy taste; dose, TiPs-20 (0.3-1.3). fiuidglyceratum (flu"id-glis-er-a'tuin). Fluidglyce- rate, one of a class of pharmaceutical prepara- tions in the National Formulary, containing ap- proximately 50 per cent, by volume of glycerin but no alcohol, and of the same drug strength as fiuidextracts. f. cas'carae sagra'dse (N.F.), fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada; dose tirio-20 (0.6-1.3). f- cas'carse sagra'dae aromat'icum (N.F.) , aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada, flavored with licorice and the oils of fennel, clove, and cinnamon; dose, 11510-20 (q.6-1 .3). f. glycyrrhi'zre, fluidglycerate of lic- orice, employed as a flavor in doses of ttrso (2 .0). f. krame'rise (N.P.), fluidglycerate of krameria or rhatany; dose, 11515 (i.o). f. rhe'i (N.F.)» fluidglycerate of rhubarb; dose, nj[io-20 (0.6- 1.3). fluidism (fiu'JC-dizm) . Humoralism. fluidounce (flu"id-owns'). A measure of capacity containing eight fluidrams. The British fluid- ounce is a measure containing one avoirdupois ounce, 437.5 grains, of distilled water; the U.S. fluidounce is -^j gallon and contains 456.033 grains of distilled water. The British fluidounce equals 28.4 c.c, the U.S. fluidounce equals 29.57 ELUIDRACHM, li^uiUKAM 373 FOERSTER'S SHIFTING TYPE fluidrachm, fluidram (flu"i[-dram')- A measure of capacity, J of a fltiidounce, a teaspoonful. The British fluidram contains 54.8 grains of distilled water, and is equal to 3.55 c.c; the U.S. fluidram contains 57.1 grains of distilled water and equals 3.70 c.c. fluke (flook) [A.S. fide, flatfish.] One of a number of varieties of trematode worms, parasitic in the intestine, liver, lungs, kidneys, blood, and other regions of man and the lower animals blood f., Schistosomum htBmatobium. bron'chial f., Paragonimus wesiermanni, Egyp'tian intes'tinal f., Cotylogonimus heterophyes. Japanese' liv'er f., Opisthorchis sinensis, lan'cet f., Dicrocelium lanceolatum. liv'er f., Fasciola hepatica. lung f ., Paragonimus wesiermanni flu'mina pilo'rum [L. pi. of fiumen, river; gen. pi. of pilus, hair.] [BNA] Hair streams, the curved lines along which the hairs are arranged on the head and various parts of the body, especially noticeable in the fetus. flu'or al'bus [L. white flow.] Leucorrhea. fluorescein, fluoresceine (flu-or-es'se-in) Resor- cinol-phthalein, made by heating resorcinol and phthalic anhydride; an orange-red crystalline powder giving a bright green fluorescence in solution; employed in the diagnosis of corneal lesions, the denuded parts taking a green color. fluorescence (flu-or-es'ens) [/Zwor-spar, which pos- sesses this property.] The property of rendering visible the ultraviolet or actinic rays of the spec- trum or of becoming self-luminous when exposed to the light or to other rays. fluorescin (flu-or-es'sin). Resorcinol-phthalin, a derivative of fluorescein; a bright yellow powder employed, like fluorescein, in the diagnosis of corneal lesions in applications of i drop of a 2 per cent, solution. flu'oride. A compound of fluorine with another element, cal'cium f., fluor-spar, so'dium f., fluorol, see under sodium. fluorine (flu'or-en). A gaseous chemical element, symbol P, atomic weight, 19. fluoroform (flu-or'o-form). A gas, CHF3, resem- bling chloroform somewhat, f. water, fluoro- formol. fluorofor'mol. Fluoryl, fluoroform water, a 2.8 per cent, solution of fluoroform, CHFj, in water, a colorless, odorless, and practically tasteless fluid ; has been employed in tuberculosis in doses of g^dS.o). flu'oroL Sodium fluoride. fluorom'eter. A device for interpreting the shadows in an a:-ray projection on the screen- fluoroscope (flu-or'o-skop) [fluorescence + G. skopeo, I examine. ] An apparatus for rendering visible the shadows of the x-rays which, after passing through the body examined, are pro- jected on a fluorescent screen of calcium tungs- tate. fluoroscopic (flu"or-o-skop'ik) . Relating to or effected by means of fluoroscopy. fluoroscopy (flu-or-os'ko-pl). Examination of the inner parts of the body by means of the fluoroscope. fluorphen'etol. A compound of fluorine with phenetol. fluorrheumin (flu-or-ru'min). An ointment con- taining I per cent- each of fluarphenetol and difluordiphenyl in lanolin, employed in rheuma- tism and grippal neuralgia. flu'or-spar [L. fluor, a flowing.] Calcium fluoride, a mineral, found often in silver and cobalt mines, it is phosphorescent when heated, and is often fluorescent and beautifully tinted. flush. I. To wash out a wound or a cavity with a full stream of water. 2. Blush; redness, usually temporary, of the skin, hec'tic f., a redness of the face accompanying the rise of temperature in tuberculosis and certain other chronic affec- tions. flutter (fiut'ur) [A.S. floiorian, to float about.] Agi- tation, tremi^lousness. auric'ular f., a condition in which the cardiac auricle, or atrium, contracts very rapidly but rhythmically, thereby differing from auricular fibrillation in which the contrac- tions are irregular. flux [L. fluxus, a fiow.] i. The discharge of more or less fluid material in large amount from a cavity or surface of the body; a diarrhea. 2. Material discharged from the bowels. al'vine f., simple diarrhea, blood'y f., dysentery. month'Iy f., the menses, seba'ceous f., steatorrhea, white i., sprue (2). fly [A.S. fledge.'] A dipterous, or two-winged, insect of the family Muscidm. black f., buffalo gnat, ■» species of Simulium. blow f. see blow-fly. house f., Musca domestica. fly-blister. A cantharidal blister. fo'cal. Relating to a focus, f. infec'tion, an in- fection confined ordinarily to a distinct location, such as t,^ tonsils or tooth-sockets, from which at times microorganisms or their toxins escape to infect other regions or the general system. Fochier's ab'scess (f5-shi-a') [Alphonse Fochier. French gynecologist, 1845-1903.] Fixation ab- scess. * focile (fo'sil-e) [L. from fusillus, a small spindle.] One of the bones of the forearm or leg. f. ma'jus antibra'chii, ulna. f. ma'jus cru'ris, tibia, f. mi'nus antibra'chii, radius, f. mi'nus cru'ris, fibula. fo'cus, pi foci [L. the hearth.] 1. The point at which the light rays meet after passing through a convex lens, such as the crystalline lens of the eye -.a. The center, or the starting-point, of a disease process, con'jugate foci, two points in relation to two lenses or concave mirrors, so in relation to each other that the rays from a light at one point are focussed at the other, and vice versa, prin'cipal f., the meeting-point of rays passing into a lens parallel to its axis, real f., the point of meeting of convergent rays, vir'tual f., the point from which divergent rays seem to proceed, or that at which they would meet if prolonged backward. foenic'ulum, gen. fcenic'uli [dim. of fanum, hay.] (U.S.) Foeniculi fructus (Br.), fennel, fennel fruit, fennel seed, the dried nearly ripe fruit of Fosniculum. vulgare, an herb of southern Europe and eastern Asia; diaphoretic, diuretic, and carminative, in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0) foenum grsecum (fe'num gre'kum) [L. fcenum., hay, grcecum, Greek.] Fenugreek, the dried ripe fruit of Trigonella fcenum-grcecum, an herb of southern Europe and western Asia ; employed externally as an emollient in ointment and poultice. Foerster's opera'tion (fer'ster) [Otfried Foerster, German neurologist, *i873.] A modification of Dana's operation, resection of the posterior spinal - nerve-roots in spastic paralysis. Foerster's shift'ing type (fer'ster) [R Foerster, ophthalmologist of Breslau, 1825-1902.] A limitation of the primary normal visual field; an object brought gradually from without toward the fixed point is seen sooner than normal, whereas the perception of one moved from the center toward the periphery is lost sooner than normal; the visual field is therefore greater in the FOERSTER'S SHIFTING TYPE 374 FONTANEL, FONTANELLE first case than in the second, which is the reverse of the normal; the phenomenon occurs in neuras- thenia. F.'s photom'eter, an instrument for measuring the visual power by determining the least amount of light that will render an object visible to the person tested. foe'tus. An incorrect spelUng of fetus. fogg'ing. Dimness of vision, nephalopia. fold (fold). Plica, a ridge; a margin apparently formed by the doubling back of a lamina. For the various folds, not here deimed, see plica. gen'ital f ., one of two integumentary folds on either side of the genital tubercle in the embryo, from which are developed the labia minora or the walls of the urethra in the male, hypoblas'tic f., a folding over of the hypoblast giving origin to the notochord neu'ral f., one of the upgrowths of ectoderm forming the neural canal, oper-' cular f., tissue forming an adhesion between the tonsil and the anterior pillar of the fauces. rec'tal f., rectal valve, plica* transversalis recti [BNA]. rectoves'ical f., excavatio rectovesicalis [BNA]. ventric'ular f., false vocal cord, plica* ventricularis [BNA]. vestig'ial f., ligamentum venEB cavae sinistra. f o'lia. Plural of folium foliaceous (fo-li-a'shus) [L. foliacens.\ Relating to or resembling a leaf or leaves. Fo'lian proc'ess [Csecilius Folius or Folli- Venetian anatomist, 1615-1630.] Processus anterior mallei. fo'liar gap. In ferns, one of the meshes in the vascular network of the stem, from the margin of which a branch bundle passes out to the leaf. foliate papillx (fo'U-at p3,-pil'e). Papillee vallatae [BNA]. toUe (fii-le') [Fr. from L. follis, bellows.] Insanity. f . k deux (&-dg') [Fr. deux^ two], imposed insanity, insanity affecting two individuals who are or have been intimately associated, f. du doute (doot), doubting mania, f. de pourquoi (poor- kwS') [Fr. pourquoi, why], the constant asking (by an adult) of questions, a symptom noted some- times in the psychasthemic. f, gfimellaire (zha- mel-air') [Fr. relating to twins], a psychosis ap- pearing simultaneously, or nearly so, in twins, who are not necessarily living together or inti- mately associated at the time. f. musculaire', severe chorea, f. raisonnante (ra-zfi-nahnt') , delusional insanity, paranoia. Fol'in's test [Otto K. 0. Folin, American biological chemist, bom in Sweden, *i867.] i. A quanti- tative test for uric acid; the uric acid is precipi- tated with ammonia, forming ammonium urate; it is then oxidized with potassium permanganate, and the amoimt is measured. •^. A quantitative test for urea; the urea is decomposed by boiling with magnesium chloride, and the freed ammonia is measured. fo'lium, pi. fo'lia [L. a leaf.] A broad, thin, leaf- like structure, f. cacu'minis [L. cacumen, tip, end], f. vermis [BNA]. f. ver'mis [BNA], f. cacuminis, the posterior subdivision of the superior vermis of the cerebellum. follicle (f ol'I-kl) [L. folliculus."] j. . A simple tubular gland. 2. A crypt or minute cul-de-sac or lacuna, such as the depression in the skin from which the hair emerges. 3. A minute circumscribed mass of lymphoid cells in the mucous membrane. 4. One of the vesicular bodies in the ovary, contain- ing the ova. Graafian follicle. 5. In botany, a dry pod-like fruit, splitting by the ventral suture. den'tal f., the dental sac with its contents, the embryonic tooth gas'tric f., (i) one of the masses of lymphoid cells in the mucous membrane of the stomach; (2) one of the tubular glands of the stomach secreting the gastric juice, hair f., foUiculus pili. intes'tjnal f., Lieberkuehn's f., one of the numerous tubular glands in the mucous membrane of the intestine, glandula* intestinalis. lentic'ular f., gastric f. (i). seba'- ceous f., glandula sebacea, one of the sebaceous glands of the skin opening into the hair-follicles. soritaiy f,, one of a number of isolated masses of lymphoid cells in the intestinal wall. foUiclis (fol-e-klSs') [Fr.] Sebaceous folliculitis, an eruption resembling acne agminata, located on the extremities. follic'ular. Relating to a follicle or follicles. follic'ulin. One of the internal secretions of the ovary which, with lutein and ovulin, constitutes the hormone oophorin. folliculitis (f6-lik-u-li'(le')tis). An infiammation of any follicles, specifically of the sebaceous follicles, foUiclis, acne agminata. ag'minate f., hyper- trophic ringworm, granuloma* trichophyticum. f. barTjffi, sycosis f. decal'vans [L- decalvare, to make bald], alopecia follioularis. foUiculo'ma. A cystic enlargement of a (Sraafian follicle. folliculo'sis. The presence of lymph-follicles in abnormally great niunbers. foUiculus, pi. follic'uU (f8-lik'u-lus) \L. dim. of follis, bag.] Follicle, f. oSph'orus prima'rius, a spherical body consisting of a single layer of flattened cuboid cells, surrounding the un- developed ovum in the cortex of the ovary; it may become later a Graafian follicle, f. oSph'orus vesiculo'sus [BNA], Graafian follicle, a spherical body or vesicle, containing the matiu"ed ovum, in the cortex of the ovary, f. pill [BNA], hair-follicle, a deep, narrow pit, formed by an invagination of the epidermis and corium; it contains the root of the hair and into it the ducts of the sebaceous glands open; the follicle is lined by a fibrous .sheath derived from the corium, and by the outer and inner root-sheaths derived from the epidermis, f. solita'rius, solitary follicle, nodulus* lym- phaticus solitarius. fomenta'tion [L. fomentare, to apply a poultice.] i. A warm application, poultice, stupe. 2. The application of warmth and moisture in the treatment of disease, poulticing. fo'mes, pi. fo'mites [L. tinder.] A substance, such as clothing, capable of absorbing and transmit- ting the contagium of disease; usually employed in the plural. fontactoscope (fon-tak'to-sk5p). An electroscope for estimating the radioactivity of waters and Fontana's canal' (fon-tah'nah) [Felice Fontana, Italian anatomist 1730—1805.] Canal of Schlemm or of Lauth, sinus* venosus scleras. F.'s mark, a transverse fold seen on a nerve-tnmk where it has been cut. F.'s spa'ces, spatia anguli iridis. fontanel, fontanelle (fon-tan-el') [Fr. dim. of fon- taine, fountain, spring.] Membranous intervals at the angles of the cranial bones in the infant. There are normally six, corresponding to the pter- ion and asterion, on either side, and to the bregpia and lambda, in the middle line, in the adult, an- te'rior f., frontal f. anterolat'eral f., sphenoidal f. bregmat'ic f., frontal f. Cas'ser's f., Casse'rio's f., mastoid f. front'al f., anterior f., bregmatic f., a diamond-shaped membranous interval at the crossing of the coronal and the sagittal and metopic sutures, where the anterior superior FONTANEL, FONTANELLE 37S FORAMEN angles of the parietal bones meet the two un- miited halves of the frontal. Gerdy's f., sagittal f. mas'toid f., posterolateral f., an interval on either side between the adjacent margins of the parietal, occipital, and mastoid portion of the temporal bones, occip'ital f., posterior f., a triangxilar interval at the imion of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures, where the posterior superior angles of the parietal bones meet the occipital. poste'rior f., occipital f. posterolat'eral f,, mas- toid f. sag'ittal f., an occasional fontanel-like defect in the sagittal suture in the newborn. sphenoid'al f., anterolateral f., an irregularly- shaped interval on either side, where the frontal, parietal, squamous portion of the temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid bones meet. fontic'ulus [L, dim. of fons^ fountain, spring.] Fontanel. food [A.S. fdda.l Aliment, nourishment, what is ' eaten to supply the necessary nutritive elements. chemical f., synipus phosphatum compositus (N.F.). abstinence from, fasting, dieting, nestia, nestis, abrosia, desire for, appetite, hunger, distaste for, anorexia, sitiophobia, fastidium cibi. excessive appetite for. bulimia, cynorexia, hyperorexia, polyphagia, acoria, fatty, hydrocarbon, nitrogenous, protein, poisoning. bromatotoxism, allantiasis, botulism (sausage) , tyrotox- ism (milk, ice-cream, cheese) , creatotoxism (meat) , ichthyotoxism (fish), mytilotoxism (mussels), ostreo- toxism (oysters), collotoxism (clams), mycetism, muscarinism (mushrooms), saccharine, carbohydrate. starchy, carbohydrate, treatment by abstinence from, hunger cure, starvation cure, nestiatria, limotherapy, nestitherapy, treatment by an excess of, superalimen- tation, suralimentation, gavage. food-fe'ver. A disorder of childhood consisting of a sudden rise of temperature accompanied by more or less marked digestive disturbances, continued for a few days to several weeks ; believed to be due to intestinal autointoxication. food-pois'oning. Poisoning by tainted food, or by some substance naturally poisonous, such as some mushrooms ; sitotoxism, bromatotoxism ; forms of f.-p. are botulism, mycotoxism, mytilo- toxism, ptomainotoxism, tyrotoxism. foot (A.S. fot] 1. Pes, the lower, pedal, extremity of the leg. 2. A tmit of length, containing 12 inches, equal to 30.48 cm. arch of the f., the hollow on the inner part of the sole in the meta- tarsal region, ball of the f., the padded portion of the sole at the anterior extremity of the meta- tarsus, upon which the weight rests when the heel is raised, claw f ., atrophy of the foot with contrac- tures of the toes, cleft f ., a congenital deformity in which the division between the toes, especially the third and fourth, extends more or less into the metatarsal region, club f., talipes, pes con- tortus. dang'le f., drop-foot, a dragging of the f. in walking in consequence of paralysis of the anterior leg muscles, flat f., see Jlat, fun'- gous f., mycetoma, holl'ow f., pes cavus. Madu'ra f., mycetoma. Mor'ton*s f , meta- tarsalgia. moss'y f., a chronic disease charac- terized by a thick growth of vascular painful warts on the feet; it is said to be common along the Amazon, reel f., club-foot, roof of the f., tarsus, sole of the f., planta. absence, apodia. amputations of, Chopart's, Hey's. Lisfranc's, Mackenzie's, Pirogoff's, Syme's. animal with four, quadruped, animal with two, biped, bath for, pediluvium. burning pain, causalgia, eiythro- melalgia. ciUosity on, com, clavus. care of, pedicure, chiropody, club, talipes, pes con tortus, condition of having but one, monopodia, sj^npodia. dropsy, pod- edema, fetid perspiration, podobromidrosis, bromidro- sis pedum, flat, pes planus, tarsoptosia. fungou^ Ppd- arthrocace, podeicoma, mycetoma, Madura foot, fusion of, sympodia. gout, podagra, having long, longipe- date. having short, brevipedate. inflammation, pod- arthritis, large size, macropodia, megalopodia. lower surface, sole, planta, thenar, pedion. pain in, podalgia, pododynia, e^thromelalgia, causalgia, metatarsal^, pedialgia, pedionalgia, pedioneuralgia. perforatmg ulcer, dermosynovitis. rheumatism, podarthritis. slender, leptopodia. small size, micropodia. spasm, podospasm, podospasmus, podismus. thick, pachy- podia. ulcer, podeicoma, dermosynovitis. upper sur- face, dorsum, mstep. foot-and-mouth disease'. See under disease. foot-bone. Os pedis, coffin* bone in the horse. foot-cells. Sertoli's* cells. foot-phenom'enon. Ankle clonus.* foot-plate. The base of the stapes, an ossicle of the tympanum. foot-pound. The energy or force necessary to raise a weight of i pound to a height of i foot. foot-rot, A contagious disease, in sheep, charac- terized by chronic inflammation of the foot, ulceration, softening of the hoof, discharge of a fetid odor, and lameness. foramen, pi. foramina (fo-ra'men, fo-ram'i-nah) [L. an aperture.] An aperture or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure. See also foramina. ante'rior con'dyloid f., hypoglossal canal [BNA] of the occipital bone, giving passage to the hypoglossal nerve and occasionally a meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. aor'tic f., hiatus aorticus, the posterior opening in the diaphragm through which the aorta passes. ap'ical f., the opening at the apex of the root of a todth which gives passage to the nerve and blood- vessels. arach'noid f., f. of Magendie. con' jugate f ., a f . formed by the notches of two bones in apposition. ezter'nal au'ditory f., external auditory meatus. f. alveola're, one of the foramina* alveolaria. E. csecum, blind foramen; (i) [BNA], a foramen in the suture between the forepart of the ethmoid bone and the frontal, sometimes transmitting a small vein from the nose to the longitudinal sinus; (2) [BNA], the upper termination of the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata where it meets the transvere groove between the medulla and the pons; (3) [BNA], the opening of the ductus* lingualis at the apex of the sulcus* terminalis on the dorsum of the tongue; (4) a small pit on the posterior wall of the pharynx in the middle line. f. carof icum, carotid foramen, the opening at each extremity of the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the external carotid foramen is on the inferior surface of the pyramid, the internal is at the apex. f, costotransversa'rium [BNA], costotransverse f., an opening between the anterior and posterior costotrans- verse ligaments, connecting the neck of a rib with the transverse process of a vertebra, through which passes the intercostal branch of the spinal nerve. f. diaphrag'matis (sel'lse) [BNA], a hole in the center of the diaphragm of the sella giving passage to the infundibulum. f. epiplo'icum [BNA], f. of Winslow, the passage, below and behind the portal fissure of the liver, con- necting the two sacs of the peritoneum. f. ethmoida'le [BNA], ethmoidal foramen, one of two foramina,/, e. ante'rius and/, e. poste'rius, formed by grooves on either edge of the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone, and completed by similar grooves on the ethmoid bone; the anterior transmits the internal branch of the nasal nerve and the anterior ethmoidal vessels, the posterior the posterior ethmoidal vessels. f. fronta'Ie [BNA], frontal foramen; the incisura frontalis, or supraorbital notch, when, as occasionally happens, it is bridged over to form a canal. f. incisi'vum [BNA], incisive or incisor f., f. of Sten- son; a Y-shaped canal at the anterior part of the inter- maxillary suture, having one opening below just behind the central incisor teeth, and two above, one on either FORAMEN 376 FORAMINA side of the incisor crest; the upper arms contain the remains of Jacobson's organs. f. infra orbita'le [BNA], infraorbital foramen; the external opening of the infraorbital canal, on the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. t. interventricula're [BNA], i-terventricular f., f. of Monroe, a communication between, the third and the lateral ventricles on either side, passing from the upper and anterior part of thel ateral wall of the third ven- tricle outward and upward between the anterior pillars of the fornix and the anterior tubercles of the thalami. f. intervertebra'lCjOneof anumber of openings into the spinal canal bounded by the pedicles of adjoining vertebrse above and below, the vertebral bodies anteriorly, and the articular processes behind. t. ischiad'icum, one of two foramina, /. *. majus and /. i. minus, formed by the great and small sacrosciatic ligaments crossing the sciatic notches in the innominate bone. f. jugula're [BNA], f. lacerum posterius. f. lac'erum [BNA], lacerated f., f. lacerum medium. f. lac'erum. an e'rius, fissura orbitalis superior [BNA]. f. lac'erum. xne'dium* an irregular aperture between the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the body of the sphenoid, transmitting the carotid artery and its veins, the large superficial petrosal nerve, and sympathetic filaments. f. lac'erum poster' ius, jugular* foramen. f. mag'num, f. occipitale magnum [BNA]. f. mandibula're [BNA], mandibular f., inferior dental f.; the opening, on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible, of the inferior dental canal. f, mastoid' eum [BNA], mastoid foMimen; an opening at the posterior portion of the mastoid process, trans- mitting a small artery to the dura and a vein to the lateral sinus. £, menta'le [BNA], mental foramen; the anterior opening of the inferior dental canal on the body of the mandible external to and above the mental tubercle. f. nervo'sum, one of the foramina* nervosa. f. nutric'ium [BNA], nutrient f., the opening through which the nutrient artery passes into the medullary cavity of a bone. f. obtura'tum [BNA], obturator or thyroid f., a large, oval or irregularly triangular aperture in the lower part of the innominate bone, the margins of which are formed by the pubis above and in front and the ischium below and behind; it is closed in the natural state by the obturator or thyroid membrane, except for a small opening for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve. f, occipita'le mag'num [BNA], the large oval opening in the occipital bone giving passage to the lower part of the medulla oblongata, the two vertebral arteries and spinal accessory nerves, and the blood-vessels of the upper portion of the spinal meninges. f. of Magen'die, median aperture of the fourth ventricle, an opening in the roof communicating with the subarachnoid space. f. of Wins'low, f, epiploicum [BNA], f. op'ticum [BNA], the opening at the back of the orbit, giving passage to the optic nerve and ophthalmic vessels. f. ova'le [BNA], (i) the opening in the fetal heart between the two auricles, or atria; (2) a large open- ing in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, behind the f. rotundum, transmitting the third portion of the trigeminal nerve, and the small meningeal artery. £. palati'num raa'jus [BNA], larger palatine f.; the opening near the posteroexternal angle of the palate bone of the pterygopalatine canal. f. palati'num mi'nus, one of the foramina* pala- tina minora, f. palati'num poste'rius, an opening at the posterior angle of the hard palate on either side for the trans- mission of the great descending palatine nerve and the posterior palatine vessels. f . parieta'le [BNA], parietal foramen, a foramen near the upper border.postcriorly, of the parietal bone; it transmits a minute artery and vein. f. quadra'tum, f. venso cavee [BNA]. f. rotun'dum, an opening in the great wmg Oj. the sphenoid bone, transmitting the maxillary nerve. ■f, sacra'le, one of the foramina* sacralia. f. singula're [BNA], a foramen in the internal audi- tory meatus, behind the area cochlearis, which trans- mits the nerves to the saccule, f. sphenopalati'num (i) f. palatinum majus; (2) [ BNA], the foramen formed from the sphenopalatine incisure of the palate bone when closed in by articula* tion with the under surface of the sphenoid bone. f . spino'sum [BNA], an opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the middle meningeal artery. f. supraorbita'le, supraorbital foramen, the supra- orbital groove when, as is not infrequent, it is bridged over and converted into a canal. f. thyreoid'eum (i) [BNA], an opening occasionally existing in one or both of the plates of the thyroid car- tilage; (2) f. obturatum. f, ^ansversa'rium [BNA], transverse, costotrans- verse, or vertebrarterial foramen; the foramen in the transverse process of a cervical vertebra for the pas- sage of the vertebral artery and vein and sympathetic nerve plexus. f, ve'nffl ca'vflB [BNA], f. quadratum, an opening in the right lobe of the central tendon of the diaphragm which transmits the inferior vena cava and branches of the right phrenic nerve. f. ve'nfie znin'imee, one of the foramina* venanmi minima rum. f. vertebra'le, (i) f. transversarium ; (2) [BNA], the foramen formed by the union of the vertebral arch with the body. f. zygomat*icofacia'le [BNA], zygomaticofacial f., malar f., the opening, on the outer surface of the malar bone beneath the orbital margin, of the malar canal transmitting the ramus subcutaneus malae. f. zygomat"icoorbita'le [BNA], zygomatico-orbital f ., the common opening on the orbital surface of the malar bone of the malar and the temporomalar canals; sometimes these canals have each a separate opening on the orbital surface. f. zygomat"icotempora'le [BNA], zygomatico- temporal f., the opening, on the temporal surface of the malar bone, of the temporomalar canal, transmitting the temporal branch of the orbital nerve. inter'nal au'ditory f., porus acusticus intemus, the opening of the internal auditory meatus on the pos- terior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ma'Iar f., f. zygoma ticofaciale. olfac'tory f., one of the openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, transmitting the olfactory nerves. poste'rior con'dyloid f,, condyloid canal [BNA]of the occipital bone, giving passage to a vein emptying into the transverse (lateral) sinus. stylomas'toid f., an opening on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the styloid and mastoid processes; it transmits the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery. vertebrarte'rial f., f. transversarium. foramina (fo-ram'i-nah). Plural of foramen, f. al- veola' ria^ alveolar foramina, openings of the poste- rior dental canals on the posteroexternal surface of the body of the maxilla, f . nasa'lia, vascular fora- mina opening on the outer surface of each nasal bone, f, nervo'sa [BNA], habenula perforata, the perforations along the tympanic lip of the lamina spiralis giving passage to the cochlear nerves. f. palati'na xnino'ra [BNA], smaller palatine foramina, external accessory palatine canals, passing vertically through the tuberosity of the palate bone and transmitting the smaller palatine nerves and vessels, f . papiUa'ria re'nis [BNA], numerous minute openings, the apertures of the secreting tubules, in the summit of each renal papilla, f. sacra'lia [BNA], the openings between the fused sacral vertebras transmitting the sacral nerves, f. vena'rum minima'rum [BNA], foramina of the smallest veins, The- besian foramina, a number of fosste in the wall of FORAMINA 377 FORCIPATE the right auricle, or atrium, containing the openings of minute veins. Foraminifera [L. foramen, aperture, + ferre, to carry.] A subclass of Rhizopoda having anasto- mosing pseudopodia which form a network around the cell which somietimes develops into a cal- careous shell. foraminif'erous. i. Having openings or foramina. 2. Relating to the Foraminifera. foraminulum (fo-r§.-min'u-lum) [L. dim. of fora- men.] A foramen, especially a very minute foramen, f. caroticotympan'icum, canaliculus caroticot3rmpanicus. f. luna'tum, apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti. Forbes' amputa'tion. Amputation through the anterior part of the foot, disarticulating the three cuneiform bones from the scaphoid and sawing through the cuboid. Forbes' emul'sion of oil of tur'pentine [John Forbes, English physician, r787— 1861.] Emulsum olei terebinthinae fortior (N.F.). force [L. fortis, strong.] Po"wer, strength; that which tends to produce motion in a body, an'i- mal f., muscular power, nerve f., ner'vous f., the power in nerve-tissue of conduction of stimuli. reserve' f ., the energy residing in the organism or any of its parts above that required for its normal functioning forced foot (f orst f 66t) . An acute painful swelling of the metatarsus due to fracture of the fourth metatarsal bone occixrring in soldiers during forced marches. for'ceps, pi. for'cipes [L. a pair of tongs.] i. An instrument for seizing anything and making com- pression or traction. ■^. Bands of white fibers in the brain, f. major and f. minor- ar'tery f., a locking f . with sloping blades for grasping the end of an artery while a ligature is being applied. ax'is-trac'tion f., obstetrical f- provided with a second handle so attached that traction can be made in the line in which the head must move bone f., a. strong f. used for seizing, and tearing away fragments of bone, bullet f., f. with thin curved blades with serrated grasping surface, used for extracting a bullet from the tissues. cap'sule f., a fine, strong forceps used for re- meving the capsule of the lens in membranous cataract. Cham'berlen f., the first obstetrical f. ; see cut under Chamberlen. dental f., forceps for extracting teeth, dressing f., a f. for general use in dressing wounds, removing fragments of necrosed tissue, small foreign bodies, etc. f. ante'rior, f. minor, f. ma'jor, pars occipitalis [BNA], occipital part, of the radiation of the corpus callosum, that part of the bundle of fibers forming the radiation of the corpus callosum which bends sharply backward into the occipital lobe o the cerebrum, f. mi'nor, pars frontalis [BNA], frontal part, of the radiation of the corpus callosum, that part of the bundle of fibers forming the radiation of the corpus callosum which bends forward toward the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. f. poste'rior, f. major, hemostat'ic f., f. with a catch for locking the blades, used for seizing the cut end of an artery to control hemorrhage mouse-tooth f., f. with one or two fine points at the tip of each blade, fitting into hollows between the points on the opposite blade, obstet'rical f., f. used for grasping and making traction on the fetal head in cases of dystocia; see cuts (p. 378) and also cut under Chamberlen. roller f., a small forceps the blades of which are formed of rollers, ' employed to express trachomatous granulations on the palpebral conjunctiva, Knapp's trachoma forceps ; see cut under Knapp. spec'ulum f ., a slender forceps for use through a speculum, a form of tubular f. tenac'ulum f., f. with jaws armed each with a sharp, straight hook like a Forceps: i, Thumb forceps; 2, Listen's mouse-tootlied artery forceps; 3, hemostatic forceps; 4, dressing for- ceps; s, lion-jaw bone-holding forceps (osteophore) ; 6, tenaculum forceps. tenaculum, thumb f., spring forceps used by compression with thumb and forefinger, tra- cho'ma f., roller f . tu'bular f., a long slender for- ceps intended for use through a cannula or other tubular instrument, vulsell'a f., vulsell'um f., f . Alligator Forceps. with vulsellum hooks at the tip of each blade; see cut under vulsella. Forchheimer's sign (for'shi-mur) [Frederick Forch- heimer, Cincinnati physician, 1853—1913.) The presence, in German ineasles, of a reddish maculo-papular eruption on the soft palate. for'cipate [L. forceps(Jorcip-), tongs, forceps.] Shaped like a forceps. FORCIPRESSURE 378 FORMAN Bullet forcipressure (£or"si-presh'flr). A method of arrest- ing hemorrhage by compressing the artery with forceps. For'dyce's disease' [John Addison Fordyce, New York dermatologist, *i858.] Pseudocolloid of the lips, a condition marked by the presence of numerous, small, yellowish white bodies or granules on the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips, thought to be due to hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands of the parts. forearm (for'arm). The segment of the upper extremity between the elbow and the wrist; cubitus, antibrachium [BNA]. forebrain (for'bran). The anterior divi- sion of the brain, prosencephalon. fore -conscious (for-kon'shus). Noting memories, not at present in the con- sciousness, which can be evoked from time to time; or an unconscious mental process which becomes conscious only on the fulfilment of certain conditions. fore'finger. The seeond or index finger. fore'gut. Protogaster, the first portion of the primitive digestive tube in the em- bryo, forming the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine to and including a part of the ileum and also the liver, pancreas, and lungs. forehead (for'ed). The brow; the part of the face between the eyebrows and the hairy scalp ; frons, metopon. fore'kidney. Pronephron. Forel's' bod'y [Auguste Forel, Swiss neurologist, *i848.] Luys' body, nucleus hypothalamicus [BNA], F.'s com'missure, white fibers uniting Fokceps Luys' body with its fellow of the opposite side across the posterior prefrontal space. F.'s decussa'tion, the ventral portion of the fountain decussation. fore'milk. Colostrum. foren'sic [L. forensis, relating to the forum or ' market-place.] Relating to courts or legal pro- cedures, f. med'icine, legal medicine, medical jurisprudence; medical science in its relation to the law, especially to the determination of ques- tions arising during a trial in court. fore'skin. Prseputium, prepuce, acroposthion. forestomach (for'stum-ak). Antrum cardiacum [BNA], peripheral dilatation of the esophagus just above the cardiac opening. fore'waters. Hydrorrhea gravidarum. Forges-les-Eaux, Prance (forzh-la-zo'). Chalyb- eate waters. Cold, about 42° F. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chloro- sis, dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, neuroses, convalescence from acute disease, disorders of the urinary organs, and diseases of women. June i to October i. Forlanini's meth'od (for-lah-ne'ne) [Carlo For- lanini, Italian physician, 1847-1918.] Treat- ment of pulmonary tuberculosis by the establish- ment of an artificial pneumothorax. FoT'mad's kid'ney [Henry F. Fortnad, American physician, bom in Russia, 1847-1892.] An enlarged and somewhat misshapen kidney, often associated with chronic alcoholism. for'mal. Methylal. formaldehyde, formaldehydum (for-mal'de-hid, for- mal-de-hi'dum). Formic aldehyde, methyl alde- hyde, a pungent gas, CHjO, obtained by passing a vapor of methyl alcohol and air over heated platinum; antiseptic and disinfectant, solu'tion of f., formalin. fonnal'dehyde-gel'atin. Glutoform. for'malin. Liquor formaldehydi (U.S.), a 37 per cent, solution of formaldehyde. Obstetrical Forceps: A, Hodge's; B, Simpson's; C, axis-traction. f or'malith. A preparation of clay or diatomaceous earth impregnated with formalin. foimamide (for'mS-mid). Methansunide, prepared from ethyl formate by the action of ammonia; a colorless liquid combined with chloral to form chloralamide. for'mamint. Trade name of a mixture of formal- dehyde and milk-sugar, recommended in the treat- ment of infectious pharyngitis and stomatitis. for'man. Chlormethylmenthyl ester, C,oH„0.- CHjCl, a clear oily liquid obtained by the action FORMAN 379 FORREST'S FEVER of hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde on men- thol; has been employed by inhalation in the treatment of respiratory affections. fonnanilide (for-man'I-lid). Phenylformamide; a derivative of acetanilide ; employed as an anal- gesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. ij-v (o. 13-0.3), and as a local anesthetic in 3 per cent, solution. for'mate. A salt of formic acid. foimatio (for-ma'shyo) [L. from formare, to form.] A formation, a structure of definite shape or ar- rangement, f. al'ba, the mesal portion of the f . reticularis, in which the white fibers preponderate. f. gris'ea, the lateral portion of the f . reticularis in which the gray matter preponderates, f . reticu- la'ris, reticular formation, substantia reticularis ; (i) a number of small groups of ganglion cells, in- terspersed with nerve-fibers, to the outer side of the several nuclei in the tegmentum of the pe- dunculus cerebri; (2) a network of gray matter enclosing small islands of white matter (as seen on cross section) in the angle between the anterior and posterior gray columns or horns of the spinal cord. for'matiTe [L. formare, to form.] i. Relating to the process of development. 2. Forming, pro- ducing, originating. forme fniste (form frust) [Fr. from L frustra, with- out effect.] An aborted fojm of a disease, one that is arrested before completing its typical course. fonnes'ton. Aluminum acetoformate, a dusting powder similar to eston and subeston. for'mic [L. formica, ant.] Relating to ants. f. acid, acidum formicicum or formicum, a colorless irritant fluid, HCHOj, present in the red ant, ' Formica sufa, and some other insects, in various animal secretions, and in the stinging hairs of the nettle ; employed locally as a counterirritant, and, diluted, in the treatment of rheumatic pains and in the prevention of bedsores; internally it has been given as a diffusible stimulant in doses of iri[2o— 40 (1.3—2.5) of the spiritus formicarum (P.G.) f. al'dehyde, formaldehyde, f. e'ther, ethyl formate, a thin, colorless liquid, inducing anesthesia when inhaled. fonnica'tion [L. formica, ant.] A form of pares- thesia in which there is a sensation as of ants running over the skin. for'micin. Formaldehyde acetamide, a colorless, syrupy liquid, antiseptic and disinfectant in I to s per cent, solutions. for'midin. Methylene disalicylic acid iodide; a reddish-yellow powder employed as a substitute for iodoform. .for'min. Hexamethylenamine. for'misol. Trade name of an alcoholic soap solution containing formaldehyde. foi'mitrol. Trade name of a mixture of formalde- hyde, menthol, citric acid, and milk-sugar, recommended in infectious stomatitis and pharyngitis. for'mol. Formalin, liquor* formaldehydi. for'mol-Mueller flu'id (mii'ler). Muller's solution containing 2 per cent, of commercial formalin. fonnopyrine (for-mo-pi'ren). Methylene dianti- pyrine, a crystalline substance decomposable by heat into formaldehyde and antipyrine, and em- ployed in therapeutics to produce the antiseptic and antipyretic effects of these two constituents. formula (for'mu-lah) [L. dim. of forma, form.] i. A recipe or prescription containing directions for the compounding of a medicinal preparation. 2. In chemistry a. symbol or collection of symbols expressing the number of atoms of the element or elements forming one molecule of a substance. constitu'tional f., structural or graphic f . decom- posi'tion f., a, chemical f. showing the reactions occurring in the splitting up of a compound. den'tal f., see under dental, elec'trical f., a graphic representation by means of symbols of the reaction of a muscle to an electrical stimulus, empir'ical f., in chemistry, a. f. indi- cating the kind and number of atoms in the molecules of a substance, or its composition, but not the relation of the atoms to each other or the intimate structure of the molecule, i.e. its constitution, glyp'tic f. [G. glypios, carved], structural f . graph'ic f ., in chemistry, a f . show- ing the relations of all the atoms, thus indicating fully the constitution of a substance, magistral f. (maj'is-tral), a prescription for preparing an extemporaneous* mixture, molec'ular f., one which indicates definitely the number of atoms of each element composing the molecule, official f. (of-fish'al), a f. contained in the pharmacopeia. ra'tional f., in chemistry, a f. which indicates more or less completely the constitution as well as the composition of a substance, stereochem'- ical f., structural f. struc'tural f., one in which the relative positions of the atoms and groups of atoms, as well as their kind and number, are indicated; graphic f. typ'ical i., in chemistry, a f. constructed after that of one of the three types, hydrogen, water, and ammonia, and indi- cating partially the constitution of a substance. ver'tebral f ., see under vertebral. formulary (for'mu-la-il). A collection of formulas for the compounding of medicinal preparations. National Formulary, a collection of formulas, is- sued by the American Pharmaceutical Association, for the compounding of a number of preparations in more or less common use but not officially rec- ognized by the U.S. Pharmacopeia. for'myl. The hypothetical radical, CHO, of formic acid. f. teri'odide,' iodoform. Fornet's reac'tion (for-na') [Julius Fornet, Strass- burg physician, nineteenth centtiry.] The dem- onstration of precipitinogens, especially in syphilis. for'nicate. i. [L. fornix, an arch.] Vaulted, arched. 2. [L. fornix, a, brothel.] To have illicit sexual intercourse. for'nicoiumn. The anterior pillar of the cerebral fornix. fomicommissure (for-nl-kom'is-ur). The commis- sure or body of the cerebral fornix. for'nix, gen. for^nicis [L. arch, vault.] i. A paired structure of the brain, made up chiefly of longi- tudinally directed white fibers, lying beneath the corpus callosum and just above the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle; the striae of the two sides are fused in the middle portion to form the triangular body which is also adherent to the corpus callosum above; the paired portion anterior to the body is called the columna (an- terior pillar), the posterior paired portion the crus (posterior pillar). 2. A vault-like space. f. conjuncti'vse [BNA], the space formed by the junction of the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva, f. pharyn'gis [BNA], vault of the pharynx, the upper end of the nasopharynx Roofed over by the posterior wall arching forward to join the borders of the posterior nares. f. u'teri, one of the two spaces, anterior and posterior, between the cervix uteri and the vaginal wall. f. vagi'nn [BNA], the recess at the fundus of the vagina in front of (/. anter- ior) or behind (/. posterior) the cervix uteri. transverse' f.^ commissura hippocampi. For'rest's fe'ver. A fever occurring in Rangoon, FORREST'S FEVER 380 FOSSA lasting three days to two weeks with a parabolic temperature curve reaching a maximum of 104°, Fort Craw'f ord Min'eral Well, Wisconsin. Alkaline- muriated and sulphated-saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing for the antacid, diuretic, laxative, and tonic affects in various disorders. fortifica'tion-spec'trum. Teichopsia, scintillating scotoma.** fortoin (for'to-in). Methylenedicotoin, cotoin for- maldehyde, CH2(*-'n-^ii04)3; made by the action of formaldehyde on cotoin, occurring as yellow acicular crystals; has been recommended in the treatment of diarrhea in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 13- 0-3)- A B Fossa Duodenalis: A, Inferior* B, superior. (Landouzy andjayle.) fos'sa, gen, and pi. fosscB [L. a trench or ditch. 1. A depression usually more or less longitudinal in shape, below the level of the surface of a part. 2. In dentistry, the concave lingual surface of an incisor or canine tooth, or the depression in the grinding (occlusal) surface of a premolar or molar. amyg'daloid f., the hollow between the pillars of the fauces, containing the tonsil, on either side. ax'illary f., the armpit; the hollow beneath the shoulder. cru'ral f., fovea femoralis. cu'bital f., bend of the elbow, chelidon. fern' oral f., fovea femoralis. floc'cular f., f. subarcuata, f. acetaVuli [BNA], a roughened area in the floor of the acetabulum, by the cotyloid notch. f. anthel'icis [BNA], f. of the antihelix, f. triangu- laris. f. axiUa'ris [BNA], axillary f., the armpit, the hollow beneath the shoulder. f . cani'na [ B N A ] , canine fossa; a depress- ion on the anterior sur- face of the maxilla, below the infraorbital foramen, the site of origin of the levator anguU oris muscle. f. carot'ica [BNA], a space bounded by the infrahyoid muscles, an- terior border of the sternocleido mastoid , posterior belly of the digastric, and lateral wall of the pharynx; con- taining the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. f . cer'ebri latera'lis [BNA], lateral f . of the brain, f . of Sylvius, a depressed area on the lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere, in the fetus, at the bottom of which is the insula; it is closed in later by the growth of the operculum, the approximation of the divisions of which forms the fissure of Sylvius. f. corono'id'ea [BNA], the coronoid fossa, a hollow on the anterior surface of the lower end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed. Fossa Infraduodenalis. {Landouzy and Jayle.) Fossa Intermesocolica Transversa. (Landouzy and Jayle.) f. cra'nii, one of three hollows (f. anterior, f. mediar and /. posterior) on the upper surface of the base of the skull which lodge the cerebrum (anterior and middle f osseb) and the cerebellum (posterior fossa) . f. digas'trica [BNA], digastric fossa, a hollow on the posterior surface of the base of the mandible, on either side of the symphysis, giving attachment to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. f. duc'tus veno'si [BNA], fissure on the under surface of the liver posteriorly, between the Spigelian, or caud- ate, and the left lobes, lodging a fibrous band, the remains of the ductus venosus of the fetus. f. duodena''lis infe'rior, a peritoneal recess extend- ing downward for a distance of an inch to an inch and a half alongside the lower and external part of the ascending portion of the duodenum. f . duodena'lis supe'rior, a peritoneal recess extending upward a short distance alongside the upper and ex- ternal part of the ascending portion of the duodenum. f. duodenojejunalis, Jonnesco's* fossa. f . glan'dulae lacrima'Us [BNA], fossa of the lacrymal gland, lacrymal fossa; a hollow in the orbital plate of the frontal bone, formed by the overhanging margin and external angular process, lodging the lacrymal gland. f. hyaloid'ea [BNA], hyaloid f., patellar f., a depression on the ante- rior surface of the vitre- ous body in which lies the crystalline lens. f. hypophys'eos [BNA], hypophyseal fossa, pitu- itary fossa of the sphe- noid bone. f. ili'aca, iliac f., the smooth inner surface of the ilium above the iliopectineal line, giving attachment to the iliacus muscle. f . ili'^acosubfascia'lis, a depression on the inner sur- face of the abdomen between the psoas muscle and the crest of the ilium. f. iliopectin'ea [BNA], a hollow between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles in the center of Scarpa's tri- angle, lodging the femoral vessels and nerve. f, infraclavicula'riSt trigonum deltoideopectorale. f. infraduodena'lis, a peritoneal recess sometimes found extending laterally a distance of J— J inch below the third portion of the duodenum. £. infraspina'ta [BNA], the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula below the spine, giving attach- ment chiefly to the infraspinatus muscle. f. infratempora'lis [BNA], infratemporal or zygo- matic fossa, the cavity on the side of the skull bounded externally by the zygoma and ramus of the mandible, internally by the external pterygoid plate, anteriorly by the zygomatic process of the maxilla, posteriorly by the tuberculum articulare of the tem- poral bone and the posterior border of the external pterygoid plate, and above by the squama of the temporal bone and the pterygoid ridge on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. f. inguina'lis, fovea inguinalis. f. innomina'ta, a shallow depression between the false vocal cord and the arytenoepiglottic fold on either side. i. intercondyloid'ea [BNA], intercondyloid or inter- condylic f., one of two irregular V-shaped hollows, anterior and posterior, on the upper part of the shaft of the tibia between the condyles. f. intermesocolica transver'sa, a fossa occupying the position of the f. duodenjejunalis, extending trans- versely from right to left for about the length of a finger, f. interpeduncula'ris [BNA], interpeduncular f., f. of Tarini, a depression on the inferior surface of the mesencephalon, in the angle between the two cerebral peduncles, the floor of which is formed by the poste- rior perforated substance. f . jugula'ris, jugular fossa ; ( i) [B N A], an oval depression near the posterior border of the petrous por- tion of the temporal bone, to the inner side of the sty- FOSSA 381 FOSSA Fossa Paraduodenalis. {Landouzy and Jayle.) loid process, in which lies the beginning of the internal jugular vein; (2) the hollow above the sternal notch. f. mandibula'ris [BNA], mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa or cavity, a deep hollow in the squamous portion of the temporal bone at the root of the zygoma, in which rests the condyle of the inferior maxilla, forming the temporomaxillary or temporomandibular joint. f. masto'id'ea, mastoid fossa, a depression on the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, behind the suprameatal spine; its floor is marked by numerous small openings for blood-vessels. f. mesenter^icoparieta'lis, f. parajejunalis. f. navicula'ris ure'thrae [BNA], f. of Morgagni, the terminal dilated portiouofthe urethra in the glans penis. f . navicula'ris ves tib'uli vagi'nse [BNA], the portion of the vestibule of the vagina between the fourchette and the posterior com- missure of the vulva. f.olec'raiii[BNA]. olecranon fossa, a hollow on the back of the lower end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the ole- cranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended, f, ova'lte (1) [BNA], saphenous opening in the thigh, just below Poupart's ligament, giving passage to the great (internal) saphenous vein; (2) a shallow depression in the left wall of the right atrium (auricle) of the heart marking the site ofthe fetal foramen ovale. f . paraduodena'liSy a fossa in the peritoneum to the left of the terminal portion of the duodenum, on the inner side of a ridge caused by the inferior mesenteric vein, and above a special fold in the peritoneum in that region. i. parajejuna'Us, f . mesentericoparietalis, a peritoneal fossa which has been seen in a few cases in which the jejunum has no free mesentery but is at- tached to the posterior parietal peritoneum; the fossa begins at the point where the mesentery ends, and is seen on rais- ing up the knuckle of free intestine. f. patella'ris, patellar f., f. hyaloidea [BNA]. f. petro'sa, petrosal f'., fossula petrosa [BNA]. f. poplit'ea [BNA], the hollow at the back of the knee. f. provesica'lis. Hart mann's* pouch. £. pterygoXd'ea [BNA], pterygoid fossa, formed by the diverg- ence posteriorly of the plates of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; it lodges the in- ternal pterygoid and the tensor palati muscles. f. pterygo palati'na [BNA], a small depres- sion between the front of the root of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and thebackof the maxilla. f, radia'lis [BNA], radial fossa, a shallow depression above the capitellum of the humerus in front, in which the margin of the head of the radius rests when the elbow is in extreme flexion. f. retro duodena'lis, a peritoneal fossa sometimes present below and behind the third portion of the duodenum, between it and the aorta. Fossa Para jejunalis : i , Fourth portion of the duodenum ; 2 , first part of tlae jejunum deprived of mesentery. (Landouzy and Jayle.) Fossa Retroduodenalis. {Landouzy and Jayle.) f. retromandibula'ris [BNA], the depression beneath the auricle behind the angle of the jaw. f. rhomboid'ea [BNA], rhomboid fossa, the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, formed by the dorsal surfaces of the medulla and pons Varolii. f. sac'ci lacrima'lis, fossa of thelacrymalsac; a fossa formed by the lacrymal grooves of the lacrymal bone and of the frontal process of the superior maxilla, lodg- ing the lacrymal sac. f . sagitta'lis dex'tra, the combined f . vesicas feller in front, and f . veme cavae behind, separated by the pro- cessus caudatus. f . sagitta'lis sinis'tra, the combined f. venas umbil- icalis, in front, and f. ductus venosi, behind. f. scaphold'ea, (i) scapha [BNA]; (2) a hollow on the posterior surface of the internal plate of the pterygoid process; it gives origin to the tensor palati muscle. f. Scar'pEB ma'jor [BNA], Scarpa's tri- angle, trigonum* fem- orale. f. subarcua'ta [BNA], subarcuate fossa, floc- cular fossa, an irregular depression on the poste- rior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, above and a little external to the porus acusticus in- ternus; it is most dis- tinct in the infant's skull; it lodges a process of the dura mater, f. subinguina'lis [BNA], the depression on the anterior surface of the thigh beneath the groin. f. sublingua'lis, fovea sublingualis. f . Bubmaxilla'ris, fovea submaxillaris. i, subscapula'ris, [BNA], the concave ventral aspect (facies costalis) of the body of the scapula, giving at- tachment to the subscapularis muscle. f. supraclaricula'ris ma'jor [BNA], the greater supraclavicular fossa, the depressed area on the side of the neck above the clavicle. f, supraclavicula'ris mi'nor, Zang's space, triangular space between the two heads of origin of the sterno- cleidomastoid muscle. f. supramastold'ea, a small fossa at the junction of the posterior and superior margins of the external auditory canal. f. supraspina'ta [BNA], the hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula above the spine, lodging the supra- spinatus muscle. f. supratonsilla'ris [BNA], the interval between the anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces above the tonsil. f. tempora'lis [BNA], temporal fossa, the space on the side of the cran- ium bounded by the temporal lines and ter- minating below at the level of the zygomatic arch. f. triangula'ris auric'- ulffl [BNA], triangular f. of the auricle the de- pression at' the upper part of the auricle be- tween the two crura of possA Venosa. (Landouzy the antihelix. and Jayle.) f. trochanter'ica [BNA], trochanteric f., digital f., a depression at the root of the neck of the femur beneath the curved tip of the great trochanter; it jjives insertion to the tendon of the obturator externus. f, trochlea'ris fovea trochlearis [BNA]. f. ve'nsBca'vfie[BNA], a groove on the lower surface of the liver, between the Spigelian and right lobes, in which lies the inferior vena cava, f. ve'nae umbilica'lis [BNA], umbilical fissure of the FOSSA 382 FOVEA liver, a depression on the under surface anteriorly between the quadrate and left lobes, lodging the round ligament, or remains of the umbilical vein of the fetus. f. veno'sa, a peritoneal fossa apparently formed by the union of the inferior and superior duodenal fossse; it is situated usually at the duodenojejunal angle, the opening being bounded by a fold of the descending mesocolon around the superior mesenteric vein. f. vesi'cee teVleab [BNA], a depression on the under surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gall-bladder. Grue'ber-Land'zert f., see Grueher* Landzeri. Jonnes'co's f., f. duodenojejunalis, see Jonnesco, Land'zert's f., see Landzert. pitu'itary f., f. hypophyseos [BNA], of the sphenoid bone, in which rests the pituitary body. Syl'vian f., f. cerebri lateralis. Treitz's f., see Treilz. u'rachal f., prevesical space, an interval between the rectus abdominins muscle and the transversalis fascia just above the symphysis pubis. Wal'deyer's f., see Waldeyer. fossette (f6-set') [Pr. dim. ot fosse, a. ditch.] i. A small fossa. 2. A small but deep corneal ulcer. f os'sula [L. dim. of fossa, ditch.] i . A fossette, a. small fossa. 2. A minor fissure or slight de- pression on the surface of the cerebrum. £. fenes'trsB coch'leae [BNA], little fossa of the fenestra of the cochlea; a depression on the inner wall of the tympanum at the bottom of which is the fenestra rotunda or cochlear window. f. fenes'trae vestib'uli [BNA], little fossa of the fenestra of the vestibule, a depression on the inner wall of the tympanum at the bottom of which is the fenestra ovalis or vestibular win- dow, [f . petro'sa [B NA], petrosal fossa, a, small and often but faintly marked depression on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, between the jugular fossa and the external carotid foramen; here opens the canaliculus tympanicus transmitting the tym- panic nerve. foss'ulate. Containing a fossula or small fossa; grooved, hollowed out. Foth' erglU's disease' [John Foifte/'gtU, English physi- cian, 1712-1780.] I. Tic douloureux. 2. Scar- latina anginosa. F.'s neural'gia, F.'s disease (i). foudroyant (foo-droy'ant) [Fr. foudroyer, to strike by lightning. ] Occurring with great suddenness and violence, fulminant. foulage (foo-lazh') [Fr. impression.] Kneading and pressure of the muscles, constituting a form of massage. founder (f own'dur) . Laminitis in the horse, chest f., stiffness and atrophy of the muscles of the chest and shoulders in the horse, often due to the unnatural gait resulting from navicular disease or laminitis. foun'tain-decussa'tion. Decussatio fontinalis. Foun'tain Park Magnet'ic Springs, Ohio. Muri- ated-saline-alkaline-calcic waters. Five flowing wells. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- matism, gout, diabetes, and dyspepsia. foun'tain-syr'inge. An apparatus consisting of ii reservoir , for holding fluid, to the bottom of which is attached a tube armed with a suitable nozzle; used for vaginal or rectal injections, irrigating wounds, etc., the force of the flow being regulated by the height of the reservoir above the point of discharge. fourchette (foor-shef) [Fr. fork.] Frenulum labio- rum pudendi, a crescentic fold of mucous mem- brane a little in front of the posterior commissure of the vulva from which it is separated by the fossa navicularis. Fournier's disease' (foor-ne-a') [Jean Alfred Four- nier, Paris syphilographer, 1832-1914.] Ful- minating gangrene of the genitals. F.'s sign, the sharp limitation of a syphilitic skin lesion as contrasted with the numerous small islets of disease found outlying an eczematous patch. fourth disease (forth diz-ez'). See under disease. f, nerve, nervus* trochlearis. fovea (fo've-ah) \L. a pit.] A cup-shaped depression or pit. f. ante'rior, a slight hollow in the floor of the fourth ventricle. f. cap'itis fem'oris [BNA], pit of the head of the femur, a depression on the extremity of the head of the femur where is attached the ligamentum «teres. f. cardi'aca, the opening of the foregut posteriorly into the general archenteric space in the embryo, f. centra'lis ret'inte [BNA], central pit, a central depression in the macula lutea of the retina. f. costa'lis infe'rior [BNA], costal pit, demifacet on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the headof a rib. f. costa'lis supe'rior [BNA], a demifacet on the upper edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib; a single rib articulates with the f. c. inferior and f. c superior of the adjacent vertebrae, f. costa'lis transversa'lis [BNA], costal pit of the transverse process, a facet on the transverse process of a vertebra for articulation with the tubercle of a rib. f. den'tis atlan'tis, a circular facet on the posterior (inner) surface of the anterior arch of the atlas which articulates with the odontoid process, or dens, of the axis or epistropheus, f. eUip'tica, recessus elUpticus [BNA]. f. femoTa'lis [BNA], femoral or crural fossa, a depression on the peritoneal surface of the abdominal wall, below Poupart's ligament, corresponding to the situation of the femoral ring. f. hemiellip'tica, hemielliptical pit, reces- sus ellipticus [BNA]. f. hemisphse'rica, hemi- spherical pit, recessus sph^ricus [BNA]. f. infe'rior, a triangular area on either side of the rhomboidal fossa below the striee medullares. £. inguina'lis inter'na, f. supravesicalis. f. inguina'lis latera'lis [BNA], external inguinal fossa, a depression on the peritoneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall external to the ridge formed by the deep epigastric artery; it cor- responds to the position of the internal abdomi- nal ring. f. inguina'lis media'lis [BNA], middle inguinal fossa, a depression on the peri- toneal surface of the anterior abdominal wall between the ridges formed by the deep epi- gastric and the obliterated hypogastric arteries. f. oblon'ga cartilag'inis arytsnoid'ese [BNA], a broad shallow depression on the external sur- ' face of the arytenoid cartilage, separated from the f . triangularis above by the crista arcuata. f. pterygoid'ea [BNA], pterygoid pit; a depression on the inner side of the neck of the condyloid process of the lower jaw, giving attachment to the external pterygoid muscle, f. sphffi'rica, recessus sphaericus [BNA]. f. sublingua'lis [BNA], sublingual pit; a shallow depression on either side of the mental spine, on the inner surface of the body of the mandible, lodging the sublingual gland, f. submaxilla'ris [BNA], submaxillary pit, submaxillary fossa; a hollow below the mylohyoid ridge, on the inner surface of the body of the mandible, lodging the sub- maxillary gland, f. supe'rior [BNA], a slight depression on either side of the rhomboidal fossa, above the strias medullares, corresponding to the dorsal surface of the pons. f. supra- vesica'lis [BNA], fovea inguinalis interna, internal inguinal fossa, a depression on the perit- FOVEA 383 FRACTURE oneal surface of the anterior abdomicial wall between the ridges formed by the obliterated epigastric artery and the urachus. f. triangu- lar'is cartilag'inis arytaenoid'ee [BNA], a deep depression in the upper portion of the external or anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage, separated from the f. oblonga below by a ridge, the crista arcuata. i. trochlea'ris [BNA], trochlear pit; a shallow depression on the orbital plate of the frontal bone, just within the margin and midway between the internal angular process and the supraorbital notch. {oveate, foreated (fo've-at, fo've-a-ted). Pitted, having foveae or depressions on the surface. foveation (fo-ve-a'shun) [L. fovea, a pit.] Pitting, such as occurs in smallpox, chickenpox, or vac- cina. foveola (fo-ve'o-lah) [L. dim. of fovea pit.] A mi- nute fovea or pit. f. coccyge'a [BNA], a depres- sion over the coccyx, f. gas'trica [BNA], one of the numerous small pits in the mucous mem- brane of the stomach at the bottom of which are the mouths of the gastric glands, f. granula'- ris [BNA], graniilar pit, one of the Pacchionian depressions or pits on the inner surface of the skull, along the course of the superior longitudi- nal sinus, in which are lodged the Pacchionian bodies, or granulationes* arachnoideales. f. papilla'ris, the minute depression sometimes seen at the apex of a papilla of the kidney where the excretory tubes open into a calyx. Foville's tract (fo-vel') [Achille Louis Foville, French neurologist, 1799-1878.] Flechsig's tract, fas- ciculus* cerebeilospinalis. F.'s syn'drome or type, alternating hemiplegia; abducens paralysis on one side, paralysis of the extremities on the other. Fowler's Position. Fow'ler's opera'tion [George Ryerson Fowler, New York surgeon, 1848-1906.] Pleurectomy, re- moval of the thickened pleura for the cure of empyema. F.'s posi'tion, an inclined position obtained by raising the head of the bed from 2 to 2J feet in order to ensure better drainage after an abdominal operation. Fow'ler's solu'tion [Thomas Fowler, English physi- cian, 1736-1801.] Liquor potassii arsenitis. Fow'ler-Mur'phy meth'od [George R. Fowler; John B. Murphy, Chicago surgeon, 1857-1916.] Treat- ment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis by eleva- tion of the head of the bed so as to favor drainage by a tube passed through an incision in the right iliac fossa, and by continuous irrigation of the rectum with a physiological salt solution. fox-glove. Digitalis. Fox'ia. A genus of fungi identified as the cause of tinea nigra. fractional (frak'shun-al) [L. fractus; frangere, to break.] Relating to a fraction; done a part at a time or in successive stages, f. cultiva'tion, f. distilla'tion, see the nouns. fracture (frak'tiir) [L. fractura, a break.] i. To break. 2. A break, especially the breaking of a bone or cartilage, artic'tdar f., one involving the joint surface of a bone. Bar'ton's f., Benn'et's f., etc., see the proper names, bent f., green-stick f. butt'erfly f ., a comminuted fracture in which there Fractures: j. Incomplete; 2, transverse; 3, oblique 4, fissured; 5, green-stick. are two doubly wedge-shaped lateral fragments split off, one from each of the main fragments. butt'onhole f., perforation of a bone with loss of substance, as in a gunshot wound, cap'illary f., a f. without separation of the fragments, the line of break being hair-like, as seen sometimes in the skull, chauffeur's' f., a fracture of the lower end of the radius caused by a blow from the crank handle of an automobile, suddenly re- volving when a back fire occurs during cranking, comm'inuted f., periclasis, the bone is broken into a number of small pieces, compos'ite f ., multiple f. com'pound f., one in which there is an open wound of the soft parts leading down to the seat of fracture, depressed' f., a f. of the skull with sinking in-frard of the fragments, direct' f., a f., especially of the skull, occurring at the point of injury, doub'le f., the occurrence of two fractures in different bones at the same time, or in two parts of the same bone, epiphys'eal f., separation of the epiphysis of a long bone, caused by traumatism, extracap'sular f., a f. at the articular extremity of a bone, but outside of the line of attachment of the capsular ligament of the joint, fis'sured f., linear f. green-stick f., the bending of a bone with incomplete fracture involving the convex side of the curve only, gutt'er f ., a long, narrow, depressed fracture of the skull, hair f., trichismus. hick'ory-stick f., green-stick f. impac'ted f., one in which one of the fragments is driven into the cancellar tissue of the other fragment, incomplete f ., one in which the line of fracture does not include the entire bone, indirect' f., a f., especially of the skull, which occurs at some point more or less distant from the seat of injury. intra-artic'ular f., articular f. intracap'sular f., one at the articidar extremity of a bone within the line of insertion of the capsular ligament of the joint, intraperios'- teal f ., a f . in which the periosteum is not ruptured. FRACTURE 384 FRANZ JOSEPH intrau'terine f., fetal f., a f. of one oi- more bones of a fetus occurring before birth, lin'ear f., a fracture running parallel with the long axis of the bone, longitu'dinal f., one involving the bone in the line of its axis, mul'tiple f., a f. of several bones occurring simultaneously or one involving several different parts of the same bone, oblique' f., one the line of which runs obliquely to the axis of the bone, o'pen f., compound f . par'tial f., incomplete i. per'forating f., button-hole f. rad'ish f ., one which is trans- verse at the surface but not inside, the fracture looking like the broken surface of a radish, sec'ondary f., one occurring as a consequence of necrosis or some other disease of the bone, silver- fork f., a Colics'* f. of the wrist in which the deformity has the appearance of a fork in profile, sim'ple f., an uncomplicated, not com- pound f. spi'ral f., one in which the line of break runs Impacted Fracture. obliquely up one side of the bone, splin'tered f ., a comminuted f . in which the fragments are long and sharp-pointed. sponta'neous f., one occurring without any ex- ternal injury, sprain f., strain f. stell'ate f., one in which the lines of break radiate from a central point, strain f ., the tearing off of a piece of bone by the strain upon a tendon or ligament. subcuta'neous f., a simple, not compound f. troph'ic f., one due to disturbance of nutrition of the bone, tor'sion f., one resulting from twist- ing of the limb, transverse' f., one the line of which forms a right angle with the axis of the bone, ununi'ted f., one in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and more or less eburnated, a false joint result- ing, will'ow f., green-stick f, astragalus, Shepherd's, by contrecoup, or counter- stroke, contrafissura. fibula, Dupuytren's, Pott's. malleolus, Wagstatfe's. material of repair, callus; deficiency^ hypoporosis; excess, hyperporosis, opera- tive, osteoclasis, osteopalinclasis. predisposing con- dition, osteopsathyrosis, fragilitas ossium, radius. Barton's, Colles's, Moore's, Smith's. science of, agmatology. settingj diaplasis^diorthosis. thumb, Bennett's, tibia, Gossehn's, Wag ~ ■ shaped, Gosselin's. Vagstaffe's. wedge- Fraenkel's pneumococ'cus (freng'kel) [AVoert Fraen kel, Berlin physician, 1848-1916.] Diplococcus pneumonia. Fraenkel's test (freng'kel) [Bemhard Fraenkel, Berlin laryngologist, 1837-1911.] The patient's head is bent forward between his knees and ro- tated so that the suspected side is uppermost; the nasal cavity is then examined and if pus is found in the middle meatus it affords evidence of suppuration in some of the anterior group of accessory sinuses. Fraenk'el-Gabb'et meth'od. Staining tubercle ba- cilli with carbolic fuchsin, the contrast color being obtained by immersing in an acidulated solution of methylene blue. Fraenkel-Weichselbaum pneumococcus (freng'kel- , vikh'zel - bowm nu-mo - kok'us). Diplococcus pneumonicB. frse'nulum, frse'num. Frenulum, frenum. fragilitas (fra-jil'I-tas) [L.] Fragility, brittleness. f. crin'ium [Iv. gen. pi. of crinis, hair], brittleness of the hair, a condition in which the hair of the head or face tends to split or break off. f. oss'- ium [h- gen. pi. of os, bone], brittleness of the bones, a pathological condition in which the bones break readily, f. san'guinis, fragility* of the blood. fragility (fra,-jil'i-tO [L. fragilitas.] Brittleness, liability to break or disintegrate; see fragilitas. f. of the blood, increased susceptibility of the blood cells to break down when the proportion of the saline content of the fluid is altered. fragmenta'tion. A breaking up into fragments or small parts. fraise (fraze) [Fr. strawberry.] An instrument in the shape of a hemispherical button with cutting edges, used to enlarge a trephine opening in the skull or to cut osteoplastic flaps; the smooth convexity of the button prevents injury to the dura. frambe'sia, framboe'sia [Fr. framboise, raspberry.] Yaws. Fran'cis's tri'plex pill [John Wakefield Francis, American physician, 1789-1861.] Pilula triplex, Francis (N.F.). francis'cea. Manaca, brunfelsia, the dried root and stem of Brunfelsia hopeana (Franciscea uniflora) ; employed in the treatment of rheumatism and of syphilis, in doses of nEio-40 (0.6-2.6) of a fluid- extract. Francke's sign (frahng'keh) [Karl Ernst Hugo Theodor Francke, German physician, *i8s9.] Deep tenderness over the apex of the lung pos- teriorly. F.'s symp'tom, circumscribed streaked redness of the gums, a short distance, from the border, in influenza frangula (frang'gu-lah) (U.S.) The bark cf Rhamnus frangula (Frangula vulgaris), employed as a laxative or cathartic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3-1.0). fran'gulln. Rhamnoxanthin, CjiH^jOj, a bitter principle from frangula; has been given as a purgative in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0. 2). Franke's operation (frahng'keh) [Walther Franke, German surgeon, *i862.] Tearing out the inter- costal nerves in place of section of the posterior spinal nerve roots for the relief of the visceral crises of tabes dorsalis. Frankenhaeuser's gang'lion (frahng'ken - hoy - zer) [Ferdinand Frankenkaeuser, German gynecologist, ti894.] A nervous ganglion sometimes found in the lateral walls of the cervix uteri. frank'incense [L. francum incensum, pure incense.] Olibanum. Frank'lin glass'es [Benjamin Franklin,. American physicist and statesman, 1 706-1 790.] Bifocal glasses, in which the lower half lens is for near, the upper half for distant vision. Frank'lin Spring, Georgia. Saline-aluminous-ferro- sulphureted waters, 60° F. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and ulcerative skin diseases. franklin'ic. Noting static or frictional electricity. frank'linism [Benjamin Franklin.] Static or fric- tional electricity. frankliniza'tion. The therapeutic employment of static electricity. Franzensbad, Bohemia (frahn'tsens-baht). Alka- line-saline-ferruginous-carbonated waters. Also moor or mud baths. Cold. Thirteen springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, gastrohepatic affections, constipation, splenic enlargement, Bright's disease, scrofula, anemia, neurasthenia, cutaneous affections, dia- betes, general debility, and diseases of women. May I to September 30. Franz Joseph, Hungary (frahnts-yo'zef). Saline- FRANZ JOSEPH 38s FRERICHS' THEORY carbonated waters. Used by drinking in chronic constipation, piles, diseases of the liver, catarrh of the stomach and intestines, and headache. Fra'sera [John Fraser, English botanist, 1750-1817.] A genus of plants of the natural order GeniianacecB. F. carolinen'sis, F. wal'teri, American calutnba, Indian lettuce; the root has been used as a bitter tonic in doses of 3i— i (2 • 0-4 . o) of a fiuidextract, and for the relief of chronic constipation in doses of ^S~3o (0'3~2.o) of the eclectic specific preparation. fra'serin. An eclectic preparation from the root of Frasera carolinensis, F. walieri; a brown powder employed as a bitter tonic and for the relief of atonic constipation in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0. 2). Fraunhofer's lines (frown'ho-fer) [Joseph von ■ Fraunhofer, German optician, 1787-1826.] A number of the most prominent of the absorption* lines of the solar spectrum. frax'inus [L.] (N.F.) Ash, the bark of the trunk or root of Fraxinus americana, white American ash, or F. excelsior, European ash; employed as a. tonic and astringent and in the treatment of gout and rheumatism in dose of gr. 30 (2.0), or of 3 1 (4-0) of the N.P. vinum fraxini. F.R.C.P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. F.R.C.P.E. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. F.R.C.P.I. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland. F.R.C.S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. F.R.C.S.E. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. F.R.C.S.I. Abbreviation for Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. freckle (frek'l) [O. Eng. freken.'\ Lentigo, ephelis, one of a number of yellowish or brownish spots on the exposed parts of the skin, occurring espe- cially in young persons of sandy complexion; they may be hereditary but are increased in number on exposure to the sun. cold f., an eruption of freckles on parts not exposed to the sun's rays. FrSdMcq's sign (fra-da-rek') [Louis Auguste FH(Uricq, Belgian physician, 1815-1853.] The presence of a red line on the gums in certain pulmonary affections, especially tuberculosis. Fredet-Rammstedt operation (frS-da'-rahm'stet op-er-a'shun) [Pierre Fredet, French surgeon, contemporary; C. Rammstedt, German surgeon, contemporary.] Longitudinal incision of the thickened serosa and muscularis down to, but not through the mucosa, in cases of con- genital stenosis of the pylorus. fremitus (frem'i-tus) [L. a clashing.] A vibration imparted to the hand resting on the chest or other part of the body, bron'chial f., bronchial rales appreciable by the hand resting on the chest, as well as by the ear. hydat'id f., hydatid thrill.* pericardial f., vibsation in the chest wall produced by the friction of opposing roughened surfaces of the pericardium, pleu'ral f., vibration in the chest wall produced by the rubbing together of the roughened opposing surfaces of the pleura, subjec'tive f., vibration felt within the chest by the patient himself, when humming with the mouth closed, tus'- sive f., a form of f. similar to the vocal, pro- duced by a cough, vo'cal f., the vibration in the chest wall, felt on palpation, produced by the spoken voice. fre'nal. Relating to any frenum. French Lick Springs, Indiana. Saline-sulphureted- carbonated waters. Thirteen springs. Used by drinking in various disorders. Frenk'el's meth'od [Heinrich Frenkel, Swiss neurol- ogist, *i86o.] Treatment of the ataxia of tabes dorsalis by means of systematic exercises intended to reeducate the patient in the power of coordina- tion. F.'s symp'tom, lowered muscular tonus in tabes dorsalis. frenotomy, frsenotomy (fren-ot'o-mi) [L. frcenum, frenum, + G. tome, a cutting.] Division of any frenum, especially of the frenum linguae for the relief of tongue-tie. fren'ulum, freen'ulum [L. dim. of frenum.] i. Any small frenum. :s. Specifically, a narrow strip of white matter running along the upper surface of the anterior medullary velum to the quadri- geminal plate. 3. The [BNA] term for frenum. f. cerebell'i, f. veli. f. clitor'idis [BNA], frenum of the clitoris, the line of union of the inner por- tions of the labia minora on the under surface of the glans clitoridis. i. epiglot'tidis, a fold of mucous membrane extending from the posterior portion of the dorsum of the tongue to the front of the epiglottis, middle glossoepiglottic fold, plica* glossoepiglottica mediana [BNA]. f. of Giacomi'ni, a slender band, the continuation of the dentate gyrus, crossing transversely the surface of the recurved part of the uncus, f . la'- bii inferior'is, f. la'bii superior'is [BNA], the folds of mucous membrane extending from the gum to the middle line of the lower and upper lips, respec- tively, f . labior'um puden'di [B NA], f . labiorum minorum, the fold connecting posteriorly the two labia minora, f. pudendi, the fourchette. f. lin'guffi [BNA], a fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the under surface of the tongue, f. lin'gulse, a continuation of the lamina of the lingula of the cerebellum over the peduncles, f. of Macdow'el, tendinous fasciculi passirig from the tendon of insertion of the pectoralis major muscle across the bicipital groove, f. of Morga'gni, f. valvulse coli. f. prepu'tii cli- tor'idis, f. clitoridis. f. prepu'tii pe'nis [BNA], a fold of mucous membrane passing from the under surface of the glans penis to the deep sur- face of the prepuce, f. puden'di, f. labiorum pudendi. f. val'vulse co'li [BNA], a fold running from the junction of the two segments of the ileocecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the colon, f. ve'li, f. ve'li medulla'ris anterior'is [BNA], a band of white fibers passing from the longitudinal groove between the corpora quadrigemina on to the valve of Vieussens. f. synovia'le, one of the bands stretching between a tendon and its sheath. fre'num, frae'num [L. a check-rein.] Frenulum [BNA]. I. A narrow reflection or fold of mucous membrane passing from a more fixed to a mov- able part, as from the gum to the deep surface of the lip, serving in a measure to check undue movement of the part. 2. An anatomical struc- ture resembling such a fold. fren'zy [G. phreniiis, inflamination of the brain.] Violent delirium, mania. FrSre Cosine's, or C6ine's, paste (frair kom) [Brother Cosmus, the religious name of Jean Baseilhac, a French surgeon, 1703— 1781.] A caustic of arsenic i, red sulphide of mercury 5, burnt sponge 2, made into a paste with water. Frerichs' the'ory (fra'rikhs) [Friedrich Theodor Frerichs, German physician, 1819-1885.] Ure- FRERICHS' THEORY 386 FROMMEL'S OPERATION mia is poisoning by ammonia, a ferment in the blood causing urea to be transformed into am- monium carbonate. fre'tum Hal'leri [L. freiam, a strait.] See Holier. Freudian (froy'cU-an). Having reference to Sig- mund Preud, * noting especially his theories re- garding the underlying cause of certain nervous or psychic impediments — phobias, tics, etc. — namely that they are based upon the existence in the psyche Jof certain unconscious (i.e., re- pressed) sexual affects, and that their cure is to be effected by bringing these affects into the consciousness through a methodical examination termed psychoanalysis;* and further noting the theory that dreams are the partial emergence under veiled forms and through symbolism of these repressed sexual affects. Freud's the'oiy (froyd) [Sigmund Freud, Viennese neurologist, *i856.] An hysterical attack is due to a psychic trauma which was not adequately reacted to at the time it was received, and per- sists as an aSect-memory. See Freudian and psychoanalysis. • Freimd's anom'aly (froynt) [Hermann Wolfgang Freund, German gynecologist, *i859.] A nar- rowing of the upper aperture of the thorax by shortening of the first rib and its cartilage, result- ing in defective expansion of the apex of the lung and consequent predisposition to tuberculosis. F.'s reac'tion, lysis of cancer-cells by the serum of non-cancerous subjects. Freund's law [Wilhelm Alexander Freund, German gynecologist, 1833-1917.] Ovarian tumors, while intrapelvic, lie behind the uterus, but when they grow out of the pelvis, they lie above and in front of the uterus. F.'s opera'tion, total abdominal hysterectomy for cancer of the uterus. Frey's i-rita'tion hairs (fri) [Max von Frey, German physician, '''1852.] Short hairs of varying degrees of stiffness, set at right angles into the end of a ' light wooden handle ; used fpr determining the presence and degree of irritability of pressure points in the skin. Freyer's opera'tion (fri'er) [P. Johnson Freyer, Lieut. Col. (retired) Indian Medical Service.] Suprapubic excision of the prostate gland. fri'able [L. friabilis: friare, to crumble.] Easily reduced to powder. fri'ars' bal'sam. Balsamum traumaticum. friction (frik'shun) [L. /rt'core, to rub.] x. Rubbing 2. The resistance to movement between two bodies in contact with each other, f. sound, the sound, heard on auscultation, made by the rub- bing of two opposed serous surfaces roughened by an inflammatory exudate. Fiidenberg's stigmoznet'ric card test (fre'den-berg) [Percy Fridenberg, New York ophthalmologist, *i868.] See stigmometric* card. Friedlaender's bacil'lus (frSd'len-der) [Carl Fried- laender, Berlin histologist, 1847-1887.] Bacillus pneumonitz. Friedlaender's disease' (frSd'len-der) [Max Fried- Itznder, German physician, *i84i.] Endarteritis obliterans. Friedmann's disease' (fr§d'mahn) [Max Friedmann, German neurologist, contemporary.] Relapsing infantile spastic spinal paralysis. Friedreich's ataz'ia (fred'rikh) [Nicholas Friedreich, Heidelberg physician, 1825-18S2.] Hereditary spinal ataxia.* F.'s disease', paramyoclonus multiplex. F.'s foot, a form of pes cavus occur- ring in F.'s disease. F.'s phenom'enon, the tympanitic percussion sound over a pulmonary cavity is slightly raised in pitch on deep inspira- tion. F.'s sign, sudden collapse of the previously distended veins of the neck at each diastole of the heart; it occurs in cases of adherent pericardium. Friedrichshall, Germany (fred'rikhs-hahl). Saline waters. Used by drinking in constipation, piles, biliary disorders, gallstones, gravel, intes- tinal disorders, gout, and scrofula. frigid (frij'id) [L. /rigidwi, cold.] 1. Cold. 2. Tem- peramentally, especially sexually, cold or irre- sponsive. frigidity (fri-jid'i-ti). Sexual coldness or indif- ference. frigolabile (fri-go-la'bl) [L. frigus, cold, -|- labilis perishable.] Subject to destruction by cold. frigorific (frig-8-rif'ik) [L. frigus(f rigor-), cold, -|- facere, to make.] Producing cold. f rigorism (frig'or-izm) [L. frigus (frigor-), cold.] A pathological condition resulting from the action of extreme cold upon the body. frigostabile, frigostable (fri-go-sta'bl) [L. frigus, cold, + stabilis, stable, firm.] Not subject to destruction by a low temperattire. frigotherapy (frig-o-ther'a-pl) [L. frigus, cold, + G. therapeia, treatment.] Crymotherapy,* psychro- therapy. Frisch's bacil'lus (Anton Frisch, Vienna surgeon; 1849-1917.] A microorganism resenibling Friedlaender's pneumobacillus, said to be the cause of rhinoscleroma. Fritsch's cath'eter [Heinrich Fritsch, German gyne- cologist, 1844-1915.] Bozeman*-Fritsch cath- eter. Froeh'de's rea'gent. Sodium molybdate i , in strong sulphuric acid 1000; gives various color reactions withalkaloids. " Froehlich's syn'drome or type (fre'likh) [Alfrep Proehlich, Viennese neurologist, contemporary.] Typus Froehlich, hypophyseal syndrome, dys- trophia'*' adiposogenitalis. frog (etymology unknown), i. An animal of the family Ranidce, order Bairachia 2. The elastic homy substance in the middle of the sole of the horse's hoof; it is V-shaped, the two branches extending toward the heel. f. in the throat, a. collection of mucus in the larynx causing hoarse- ness and an inclination to hawk, salt f., a living frog whose blood has been drained away and replaced by a salt solution. frog-belly. 'The slightly distended belly of a rachitic child. frog-face. The appearance caused by broadening of the nose which occurs in certain cases of polypus. frog-stay. The bar* in a horse's hoof. frog-tongue. Ranula. Frohn's rea'gent [Damianus Frohn, German physi- cian, *i843.] Bismuth subnitrate 1.5, water 20 . o ; raise to the boil and add hydrochloric acid 10. 0, and potassium iodide 7.0; a test for alkaloids and for sugar. frolement (frol-mon'). i. Light friction with the palm^ of the hand, one of the forms of massage. 2. A rustling sound heard in auscul- tation. From'mann's stri'as [Carl Frommann, German anatomist, 1831-1892.] Transverse lines in the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber near Ranvier's crosses, made visible by intense staining with nitrate of silver. From'mel's opera'tion [Richard Frommel, German gynecologist, 1854-1912.] Shortening of the utero-sacral ligaments by the abdominal route, for retrodeviation. FROMMER'S DILATOR 387 FULTON WELLS From'mer's dila'tor. A modification of Bossi's cervical dilator. frond [L. frons, a green bough.] The leaf of a fern or a palm. fron'dose. Thalloid. frons, gen. fron'tis [L.] The forehead. fron'tad. Toward the front. frontal (frun'tal). i. In front, relating to the ante- rior part of a body. .1. Relating to the forehead. f. angle, anterior superior angle of the parietal bone. fronta'lis. See tmder musculus. fion'tier sore. Oriental boil.* frontoma'lar. Relating to the frontal and the malar bones. fron"tomax'illary. Relating to the frontal and the maxillary bones. frontona'sal. Relating to the frontal and the nasal bones. fronto-occip'ital. Relating to the frontal and the occipital bones, or to the forehead and the occiput. frontoparietal (frun"to-pa-ri'e-tal). Relating to the frontal and the parietal bones. fron"totem'poral. Relating to the frontal and the temporal bones. front-tap contrac'tion. Contraction of the calf muscles when the anterior surface of the leg is struck. Froriep's gan'glion (fro'rep) [August Froriep, Ger- man anatomist, *i849.] A temporary collection of nerve-cells on the dorsal aspect of the hypo- glossal nerve in the embryo; it represents a rudimentary dorsal ganglionic root. F.'s indu- ra'tion, myositis fibrosa. frost-bite. Congelation ; a local condition resulting from freezing of the part frost'ed liver, etc. Icing* liver, etc. frost-itch. Pruritus hiemalis. Frost-Lang opera'tion. Insertion of a gold ball after the enucleation of the eyeball, then uniting the superior and inferior recti muscles by a suture including the overlying conjunctiva. fruc'tose. Fruit-sugar, levulose.* fnictosuria (fruk"to-su'ri-ah) {fructose + G. ouron, urine.] The passage of urine containing fructose. fruit (froot) [L. frucius.] ± . An edible product of a plant, which contains the seeds. 2. The matured ovary of a plant with the seed and its envelopes, whether edible or not. fcuita'rian. One who lives chiefly on fruits, with milk usually and nuts. fruit-sugar. Fructose, levulose.* frus'trate [L. frusirari, to deceive; frustra, in vain.] Ineffectual. fru'ticose. Noting a shrub-like lichen. Fry's Min'eral Spring, Iowa. Alkaline-saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, diseases of the blood, nervous system, liver, and kidneys, dyspepsia, and general debility. ft. I. An abbreviation of the Latin fiat (sing.), fiant (pi.), meaning, "let there be made"; a term employed in prescription writing, li. An abbi-eviation of foqt, a measure of length. Fuchs' colobo'ma (fookhs) [Ernst Fuchs, German ophthalmologist, *i8si.] A congenital defect in the chorioid at the lower edge of the optic disc. fuchsin (fook'sin) [from fuchsia, after Leonhard Fuchs, German botanist, 1501— 1566.] Rosan- ilin monohydrochloride, employed as a red stain in histology and bacteriology; chemically pure fuchsin (arsenic-free) has been employed in al- buminuria and anasarca in doses of gr. i-3 (0.03- 0.2). f. bod'ies, Russell's* bodies, hyaline bodies. fuchsinophil, fuchsinophile (fook-sin'o-iil or fil) \fuchsin, + G. philos, fond.] Erythrophil. 1. Staining readily with fuchsin dyes. 2. A cell or histological element which stains readily with fuchsin. f. reac'tion, the property possessed by certain elements, when stained in an aniline-water solution of acid fuchsin, of retaining the stain when treated with picric acid alcohol. fuchsinophilous (fook-sin-of'il-us). Fuohsinophil(i). Fu'cus [G. phykos, seaweed.] A genus of seaweeds, natural order Fucacea. F. cris'pus, Irish moss, chondrus.* F. siliquo'sus, a species resembling /. vesiculosus and sometimes substituted for it. F. yesiculo'sus, Quercus marina, bladder-wrack, kelp, a seaweed of the northern Atlantic and Pacific coasts; the dried thallus, official in the N.P. as fucus, has been employed in the treat- ment of obesity and of enlarged glands in doses of gr. lo-is (0.6-1.0), or itnio (0.6) of the N.F. fluidextract. fu'el val'ue. Potential energy of the oxidizable portion of food. Fuerbringer's hand-disinf ec'tion (fur'bring-er) [Paul F. Fuerbringer, Berlin clinician, *i849.] Brushing the hands and arms with warm soap and water for 3 minutes ; the same repeated after cleaning the nails; rubbing with 70 per cent, alcohol, 2 minutes; brushing with a 2 per cent, lysol solution, 2 minutes. F.'s sign, a needle thrust into a collection of pus below the dia- phragm will move with the respiratory move- ments, whereas if the pus is in the pleural cavity the needle will remain stationary, or nearly so. F.'s test, the presence of albumin in the urine is indicated by a cloud surrounding a capsule con- taining sodium chloride, corrosive sublimate, and citric acid. Fuerstner's disease' (furst'ner) [C. Fuersiner, Ger- man psychiatrist, *i848.] Pseudospastic paraly- sis with tremor. fugitive (fu'ji-tiv) [L. fugitivus: fugere, to flee.] j. Temporary, transient, a. Wandering, flying; noting certain inconstant symptoms. fugue (fug) [L. fuga, flight.] Flight, ambulatory au- tomatism ; a wandering away from home under an hysterical impulsion, often with loss of memory of one's name, residence, occupation, etc. fugu-poison (foo'goo-poy"zun) [Jap. fugu, a poison- ous fish.] Fish poison, a poison in the roe and other parts of various species of Diodon, Triodon, and Tetradon, fishes of eastern Asiatic waters. Fukala's opera'tion (foo-kah'lah) [Vincent Fukala, Bohemian physician, fiQiS.] Removal of the lens for the relief of very pronounced myopia. ful'gurant [L. fulgurare, to lighten.] Sudden, like a flash of lightning; fulminant, foudroyant. ful'gurating. i. Fulgurant. 2. Relating to ful- guration (2). fulguration (ful-gu-ra'shun) [L. fulgur, lightning stroke, a. Treatment of malignant tumors by means of sparks from a d'Arsonval current. fuliginous (fu-lij'in-us) [L. fuligo, soot.] Sooty, of the color of soot. full'ers' earth. Aluminum silicate, porcelain clay, kaolinum.* fiillkiirper (fiil'ker-per) [Ger. fill-bodies.] Degen- erated glia cells. ful'minant [L. fulminare, to lighten.] Fulgurant, foudroyant, occurrihg with lightning-like rapidity ; noting certain pains, as those of tabes dorsalis. ful'minating. Fulgurating. Ful'ton Wells, California. Alkaline-saline-chalyb- eate-sulphureted-carbonated waters. Used by FULTON WELLS 388 FUNICULUS drinking and bathing in anemia, dyspepsia, malarial affections, congestion of the liver, etc. fu'migate [L. jumigare; fumus, smoke, + agere, to drive.] To expose to the action of smoke or of fumes of any kind, as of sulphur, as a means of disinfection. fumiga'tion. Exposure to the fumes of sulphur or to the action of a disinfectant gas. fu'ming [L. fumus, smoke.] Giving forth a visible vapor, a property of strong nitric, sulphuric, and hydrochloric acids, and certain other sub- stances. function (funk'shun) [L. fundus; fungi, to perform.] 1. The special action or physiological property of an organ or other part of the body. n. The general properties of any substance, depending upon its chemical character and relation to other substances, according to which it may be grouped among the acids, bases, alcohols, or esters, etc. 3. To perform its special work or office, said of an organ or other part of the body; to func- tionate. functional (funk'shun-al). Relating to a func- tion or the functions, f. disease', a, disease manifested by disorder in the functions of the several organs or tissues, but in which no lesion or change in structure can be determined; usually some form of neurosis. iunc'tionating. Performing its normal function, said of an organ or other part. fun'dal. Relating to a fundus. fun'dament [L. fundamenium, foundation.] 1. A foundation. 2. The anus, fundamen'tal. i. Essential. 2. Elementary, f. tis'sue, in botany, the tissue of the body of a plant, not the epidermis or a vascular bundle. fun'diform [L. funda, a sling, + forma, shape.] Looped; sling-shaped. fun'dus [L. bottom.] 1. The bottom or lowest part of a sac or hollow organ, that farthest removed from the opening. 2. The cardiac end of the stomach, the main reservoir for the reception of food and its peptic digestion, partly shut off, during digestion, from the antrum, or pyloric end, by the prepyloric sphincter, f. mea'tus acus'tici inter'ni [BNA], fundus of the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus, lies at the base of the modiolus of the cochlea and is separated by a thin plate of bone from the vestibule; it is divided by the crista transversa, transverse crest, into the fossula superior and fossula inferior; the former is pierced by the aqueduct of Pallopius and foramina for nerves to the utricle and ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular canals; the latter by ,the canalis centralis and tractus spiralis foraminosus, giving passage to the cochlear nerves, by foram- ina for nerve-fibers to the vestibule, and by the foramen singulare for nerves to the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal, f . oc'uU, the portion of the interior of the eyeball around the posterior pole; the part exposed to view through the ophthalmoscope, f. tigri (te-gra'), the appear- ance presented by the fundus of the eye, sup- posedly after slight hemorrhage or in retinitis pigmentosa ; the retina is marked by a number of reddish-brown strise lying beneath the vessels; leopard retina, tigroid retina, f . tym'panl, floor of the tympanic cavity, paries jugularis tympani [BNA]. f. u'teri [BNA], the upper rounded extremity of the uterus above the openings of the Fallopian tubes, f. ventric'uli [BNA], the cardiac or esophageal end of the stomach; see fundus (2). f. vesi'cso urina'riae [BNA], the base of the bladder, f. vesi'cas feU'eee [BNA], the wide closed end of the gall-bladder situated at the inferior border of the liver. fungoid (fung'goyd) [L. fungus + G. eidos, re- semblance.] Fungous, resembling a fungus, noting an exuberant morbid growth on the surface of the body. fungosity (fung-gos'I-tl) 1. A fungoid growth. 2. The state of being fungous. fungous (fung'gus). Relating to a fungus; of the appearance of a fungus, fungoid. fungus (fung'gus) [L.] 1. A cellular vegetable or- ganism feeding on organic matter; such are mushrooms, moulds, and bacteria. 2. A morbid excrescence on the surface of the body, soft and succulent, bearing a fancied resemblance to a mushroom; an exuberant overgrowth of granu- lation tissue, proud flesh, al'pha f., term ap- plied by Quincke to the fungus of favus herpeti- formis, now usually called Achorion arloingi or A. quinckeanum. be'ta f., term applied by Quincke to a strain of Achorion schoenleinii, the favus fungus, budd'ing f., yeast f. cuta'neous f., dermatomyces, dermatophyte. fis'sion f,, a schizomycete. gam'ma f., term applied by Quincke to a strain of Achorion schoenleinii, the favus fungus, f. hsmato'des, a soft, easily bleeding, malignant fungoid growth, f. of the brain, hernia cerebri. mould f., mucorinus. ray f., actinomyces. slime f., mycetozoa. umbil'ical f., a mass of granulation tissue on the stump of the umbilical cord in the newborn, yeast f., saccharomyces. fun'gus-foot. Mycetoma, fu'nic. Relating to the funis, or umbilical cord. fu'nicle. Funiculus. funic'ular. i. Relating to a funiculus. 2. Funic. funicuUtis (fu-nik-u-li'(le')tis) \juniculus + G. -iiis]. Inflammation of a funiculus, especially of the spermatic cord, endem'ic f., cellulitis of the spermatic cord occurring endemically in Ceylon and Egypt, and probably elsewhere in the East. funic'ulus [L. dim. of funis, cord.] A small, cord- like structure, such as (i) one of the bundles of nerve-fibers the aggregate of which compose the nerve-trunk; (2) the spermatic cord; (3) the umbilical cord; (4) in botany, the stalk of the ovule, f. am'nii, amniotic cord. f. ante'rior, anterior bundle, anterior column of the spinal cord, a column or bundle of white matter on either side of the anterior median fissure, between that and the anterolateral sulcus. f. cunea'tus [BNA], the upward prolongation of the fasciculus cuneatus, or Burdach's tract, in the medulla, f. gra'cilis [BNA], the upward prolongation of the fasciculus gracilis, or GoU's tract, in the medulla. f. latera'lis [BNA], the lateral white column of the spinal cord between the lines of exit and entrance of the anterior and posterior nerve- roots; it contains four tracts or fasciculi: the lateral cerebrospinal or crossed pyramidal, the cerebellospinal or direct cerebellar, the super- ficial anterolateral or Gowers' tract, and the proper lateral fasciculus or lateral groimd or basis biindle; also the lateral white column of the medulla oblongata, f. medull'ae spina'lis [BNA], any one of the columns of the spinal cord, the chief of which are the posterior (/, posterior) and the anterolateral (/. anterior and/, lateralis) of each lateral half of the cord; in the cervical portion of the cord the posterior column divides into an outer part (/. cuneatus) and an inner part ( /. gracilis), f. poste'rior FUNICULUS 389 FUSTIN IBNA], posterior funiculus or white column o£ the spinal cord lying between the posterior gray column or horn and the posterior median sulcus; it is composed of two tracts: the fasciculus gracilis, or Goll's tract, and the fasciculus cuneatus, or Burdach's tract; also the posterior white column of the medulla oblongata, f. sep'- arans, an oblique ridge in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, separating the area pos- trema from the ala cinerea, or trigonum vagi. f. sil'iquae, one of the bundles of fibers on the surface of the nucleus olivaris inferior, f. soli- ta'rius, fasciculus solitarius. f. spermat'icus [BNA], spermatic cord. £. te'res, eminentia teres, eminentia medialis [BNA]. t. umbilica'- lis [BNA], umbilical . cord, a cord of fibro- mucoid substance (Wharton's jelly), containing the umbilical vein and the umbilical arteries, which connects the fetus with the placenta. fu'nis [L. cord.] i. The umbilical cord. 2. A cord- like structure, f. argen'teus, the spinal cord. f. bra'chii, the median cephalic vein of the arm. f. Hippoc'ratis, tendo Achillis. funn'el. i. A hollow conical vessel with a tube of variable length proceeding from its apex, used in pouring fluids from one container to another, in filtering, etc. 2. In anatomy, infundibulum. pi'al f., a loose adventitia, continued from the pia mater, which invests any one of the blood- vessels in the nervous substance of the brain or spinal cord. fur, X. The coat of soft, fine hair of certain animals, especially those inhabiting cold regions. 2. A layer of epithelium and mucus frequently seen on the dorsum of the tongue, especially in disorders involving the alimentary tract. fur'cal [L. furca, fork.] Forked. fur'fur, pi. fur'fures [L. bran.] Dandruff; porrigo; any epidermal scale. furfuraceous (fur-fu-ra'shyus) [L. furfur, bran.] Branny, scaly, scurfy; composed of small scales, noting a form of desquamation. furfural, furfurol (fur'fu-ral, fur'fu-rol). A color- less aromatic fluid obtained in the distillation of bran with dilute sulphuric acid. fu'ror [L.] Rage, madness, fury. f. epilep'ticus, attacks of anger to which epileptics are occasion- ally subject, occurring without provocation and without disturbance of consciousness, f. secan'di, tomomania. f. uteri'nus, nymphomania. furrow (fur'o) [A.S. furh.] A groove or sulcus, dig'- ital f., one of the grooves on the palmar surface of a finger, at the level of an interphalangeal joint, gen'ital f ., a groove on the genital tubercle in the embryo, glu'teal f., the groove or sulcus between the nates or buttocks, prim'itive f., a groove on the dorsal surface of the embryo which becomes converted into a, tube, the primitive cerebrospinal axis. furrow-keratitis (fur"o-ker-S-ti'(te')tis). Elongated branching ulcers of the cornea, keratitis den- dritica. furuncle (fu'rung-kl). Furunculus, boil. furuncular (fu-rung'ku-lar). Relating to a boil or furuncle, furunculous. furunculoid (fu-rung'ku-loyd) [furunculus + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a boil. furunculo'sis. A condition marked by the presence of furuncles or boils. f. orienta'lis, oriental boil.* furunculous (£u-rung'ku-lus). Furuncular, relat- ing to a boil ; marked by the presence of furuncles. furun'culus, pi. furun'cuU [L. dim. of fur, a. thief.] Furuncle, boil, an inflammation of the tissue surrounding a cutaneous follicle, resulting in suppuration and necrosis of the central portion (the core). Fusarium (fu-za'ri-um) [L. fusus spindle.] A genus of fungi. F. equi'num, a speeies suspected of causing a mange in horses. fuscin (fus'in) [L. fuscus, dusky.] The pigment of the retina. fu'sel oil [Ger. fusel, inferior brandy.] Grain oil, a mixture of amyl alcohol and other homologous products formed during alcoholic fermentation. fusible (fu'zl-bl). Capable of being melted, f. cal'- culus, a urinary calculus composed of triple phos- phate and calcium, phosphate. fusiform (fu'zl-form) [L. fusus, a spindle, + forma, form.] Spindle-shaped, tapering at both ends. fusion (fu'zhun) [fundere, to m.elt, to pour.] 1. Liquefaction by heat, melting. 2. Uniting, join- ing together. 3. The blending of the images seen by the two eyes into one perfect image, producing binocular vision. 4. The growth together, as one, of two or more teeth in consequence of the abnormal union of their formative organs, f. fac'ulty, the power of perceiving the two images, seen by the two eyes, as one. fu"socell'ular. Spindle-celled. fustiga'tion [L. fustigare, to beat with a cudgel, fustis.] A form of massage consisting in beating the surface with light rods. fus'tin. A yellow dye from fustic, Rhus cotinus, or Venetian sumach. 39d GALACTOPHORE G G. Chemical symbol for the element glucinum, g. Abbreviation for gram. Ga. Chemical symbol for the element gallium. Gabb'ett's method [Henry Singer Gabbett, English physician, contemporary.] For staining acid- fast bacilli, including B. tuberculosis: The cover- glass preparation, fixed by heat, is dipped in Ziehl's* solution and warmed until vapor arises, then washed and immersed for 2 to 4 minutes in Gabbett's solution. G.'s solution, G.'s stain, methylene blue i, sulphuric acid 25, water 75. gab'ianol [Gabian, a village in France where there is an oil well, + L. oleum, oil.] A refined prepara- tion of a mineral oil, used in phthisis in doses of 1113-5 (0.2-0.3). Gaboon' ul'cer [Gaboon, the region in Africa now known as the French Congo.] A form of tropical ulcer affecting the natives of this region; it resembles a syphilitic ulcer, especially in the appearance of its scar. Gad'berry's mixture. Mistura splenetica. gadinine (gad'I-nen) [GadiniB, a family of fishes to which the cod belongs.] A ptomaine, CjHuNOj, obtained from decomposing fish. gad'oUnite Qohan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, 1760- 1852.] A mineral containing the rare elements yttrium and beryllium. gadolinium (gad-o-lin'l-um) [see gadolinite.] A very rare element, symbol Gd, atomic weight IS7-3- gad'uol [L. gadus, codfish, + oleum, oil.] An alcoholic ex- tract of cod-liver oil, used in place of the oil in doses of 1515-1 5 (0.3-1.0). Ga'dus [L. codfish.] A genus of fishes containing the cod, G. ntor'rhua, from the liver of which is obtained cod-liver oil, oleum* morrhtue. Gaertner's Tonometer. Gaert'ner's bacil'lus (gairt'ner) [August Gaertner, German bacteriologist, *i848.] Bacillus enteritidis. Gaert'ner's canal' or duct. Incorrect spelling for Gartner. Gaert'ner's tonom'eter [G. Gaertner, Viennese diag- nostician, ""iSss.] An apparatus for estimating the blood-pressure by noting the force, expressed by the height of a column of mercury, needed to arrest pulsation in a finger encircled by a com- pressing ring. G.'s vein phenom'enon, varying fulness of the veins of the arm as the limb' is raised to different heights, affording an index to the amount of pressure in the right auricle. Gaff'ky scale or ta'ble [Georg Theodor August Gaffky, German hygienist, 1859-1918.] A formula for the classification of cases of tuber- culosis according to the number of tubercle bacilli in the sputum. The following is the table as modified by- Lawrason Brown: (i) One to four bacilli in whole preparation; (2) one on an average in many fields; (3) one on an average in each field; (4) two to three on an average in each field; (5) four to six on an average in each field; (6) seven to twelve on an average in each field; (7) thirteen to twenty-five on an average in each field; (8) fifty on an average in each field; (9) one hundred on an average in each field. gag. I. To retch; to cause to retch or heave. 2. An instrument adjusted between the teeth to keep the mouth from closing during operations on the tongue or in the throat. Gainesville, Georgia. Alkaline-saline-chalybeate- carbonated waters. Gower, Deal, and New Holland springs. Used by drinking in digestive disorders, the dentition period of children, kidney affections, and general debility. The entire year. gait (gat). Manner of stepping. galactagogue (gal-ak'ta-gog) [G. gala(galakt-), milk, + og°gos, leading.] i. Increasing the secretion of milk. 2. An agent which promotes the secretion and flow of milk. galactidrosis (gal-ak"ti-dro'sis) [G. gala(,galakt-), milk, + hidros, sweat.] Sweating of a milky fluid. galactischia (gal-ak-tis'kl-ah) [G. gala{galakt-), milk, + ischo, I check.] Galactoschesia, checking the secretion of milk. galac'toblast [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- blastos, germ.] A colostrum* corpuscle. galactocele (gal-ak'to-sel) [G. gala{galakt-), milk, + kele, tumor.] A retention tumor caused by occlusion of a lactiferous duct. galac"tochlo'ral. Galactochloralose, an hypnotic compound of chloral and galactose ; dose, ,gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). galactococcus (gal-ak'to-kok-us) [G. gala{galakt-), milk.] A microorganism, believed to be patho- genic, found in certain cases of udder disease in the cow. galactometas'tasis (gal-ak"to-m6-tas'ta-sis) [G. gala (galakt-), milk, -I- metastasis.] The supposed metastasis of milk, or its secretion elsewhere than by the mammary glands. galactom'eter [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- metron, measure.] A form of hydrometer for determitl)- ing the specific gravity of milk as an indication of its richness ; lactometer. galactop'athy [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -1- pathos, suffering.] Galactotherapy. galactoph'agous [G. gala(galakt-), milk, + phagd, I eat.] Subsisting on milk, galactophlysis (gal-ak-tof'li-sis) [G. gala(galaki-), milk, + phlysis, eruption.] i. Crusta lactea 2. A vesicular eruption in which the vesicles contain a milky fluid. galac'tophore [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- phoros, a bearer.] A milk duct. GALACTOPHORIlis 391 GALL-BLADDER galactophoritis (gal-ak-to-for-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- tion of the milk ducts. galactophorous (gal-ak-tof'o-rus). Convejring milk. galactophtfaisis (gal-ak"tof-thi'(the')sis) [G. gala (^alakt-), milk, + phthisis, wasting.] A loss of flesh and strength assumed to be caused by unduly prolonged lactation. galactoph'ygous [G. gala{galakt-), milk, + phyge, banishment.] Diminishing or arresting the se- cretion of milk, lactifugal. galactopla'nia [G. gala{galakt-), milk, -I- plane, wandering.] Galactometastasis. galactopoietic galactopoetic (gal-ak"to-poy-et'ik, gal-ak"to-po-et'ik) [G. galfi{galakt-), milk, -I- paid, I make.] Galactagogue. i. Increasing the se- cretion of milk. 2. An agent which promotes the secretion of milk. galactoirhe'a, galactoiThce'a [G. gala(^alaki-), milk, -t- rhoia, flow.] A continued discharge of milk from the breasts in the intervals of nursing or after the child has been weaned. galactoschesia, galactoschesis (gal-ak-to-ske'sl-ah, gal-ak-tos'ke-sis) [G. gala(galakt-), milk, -I- schesis, a checking.] A checking of the secretion of milk. galac'toscope [G. gala(galakt-), milk, + skoped, I examine.] An instrument for judging of the richness and purity of milk by the trauslucency of a thin layer. galactose (gal-ak'toz) [G. gala(galaki-), milk.] A dextrorotatory monosaccharid (hexose) occurring as one of the products, with dextrose, of the hy- drolysis of lactose. galactosta'sia, galactos'tasis [G. gala(galakt-), milk, + stasis, a standing.] Galactoschesia. galactosu'ria [galactose + G. ouron, urine.] The passage of urine containing galactose. galactother'apy [G gala(galakt-), milk, 4- therapeia, treatment.] i. Treatment of disease by means of an exclusive or nearly exclusive milk diet; milk cure. 3. Medicinal treatment of a nursing infant by giving to the mother a drug which is excreted in part by the milk. galactotoz'icon [G. gala^galakt-), milk, + toxikon, poison.] A toxic substance of unknown composi- tion found in poisonous milk. galactotox'in. A poison in stale milk, probably different from galactotoxicon. , galactotoz'ism [G. gala(galakU), milk, + toxikon poison.] Poisoning by impure or spoiled milk. galactozymase (gal-ak"to-zi'maz) [G. gala(galakt-'), milk, + zyme, leaven.] A starch-hydrolyzing fer- ment in milk. galactu'ria [G. gala{galakt-), milk, + ouron, urine.] The passage of milky urine ; chyluria. gal'alith [G. gala, milk, -f- lithos, stone.] Para- casein hardened by formalin, employed in the manufacture of absorbable intestinal anastomo- sis buttons, and for other purposes. galangal (gal-ang'gal) (N.P.). Galanga, galingal, Chinese ginger, the rhizome of Alpinia offici- narum, an aromatic stimulant and carminative in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). gal'banum (Br.). A gum resin from Ferula gal- baniflua, a plant of western Asia ; locally a count- erirritant, internally an expectorant and anti- spasmodic in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6—1.3). Galbiati's opera'tion (gahl-be-ah'te) [Gennaro Gal- biati, Italian obstetrician, 1776—1844.] Bilateral pelvitomy or ischiopubiotomy, through the rami forming the obturator foramina, with symphyse- otomy. Gal'braith Springs, Tennessee. Light calcic-chalyb- eate waters, 55° F. Four springs. Used by drinking in various disorders. gal'ea [L. a helmet.] i . A form of bandage cover- ing the head. 2. The caul. 3. Galea aponeu- rotica. g. aponeurot'ica [BNA], epicranial apo- neurosis, the aponeurosis- connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles to form the epicranius. g. cap'itis, galea (i) and (3). Galeati's glands (gah-la-ah'te) [Bologna phy- sician, 1686-1775.] Lieberkiihn's crypts. gale'ga (N.F.) . Goats' rue, the herb Galega officin- alis of the Mediterranean region, reputed to have galactagogue properties in dose of 5i (4.0), or of 5 1 (4.0) of the fluidextract. Ga'len's ampul'la [Claudius Galenus, Greek physi- cian in Rome, 130-201.] A circumscribed dilata- tion of G.'s vein in Bichat's* fissure. G.'s anasto- mo'sis, a nerve at the posterior surface of the larynx connecting the superior and inferior lar)^!- geal nerves, supplying sensory fibers to the latter. G.'s ban'dage, a head bandage consisting of a broad piece of cloth split into three tails at each of the two ends; these strips or tails are tied together over the forehead, under the chin, and at the nucha. G.'s innom'inate gland, the orbital portion of the lacrymal gland. G.'s nerve, G.'s anastomosis. G.'s vein, vena cerebri magna. G.'s veins, venae cerebri intemae. Galen'ic. Relating to Galen or to his theories. galenicals (ga-len'i-kalz). i. Herbs and other vege- table drugs, as distinguished from the mineral or chemical remedies. 2. Crude drugs and the tinc- tures, decoctions, and other preparations made from them, as distinguished from the alkaloids and other active principles. 3. Remedies pre- pared according to an official formula. galeropia (gal-er-o'pl-ah) [G. galeros, cheerful, + dps, eye.] Abnormal acuteness of vision. galeropsia (gal-er-op'sl-ah) [G. galeros, cheerful, H- opsis, vision.] Galeropia. gall(gawl) [A.S. gealla.] ±. The bile. 2. An exco- riation on the skin. 3. Nutgall, galla.* Gall's craniol'ogy [Franz Joseph Gall, German anato- mist, 1758— 1828.] Phrenology. gal'la [L.] (U.S., Br.) Nutgall, oak apple, an excres- cence on the oak, Quercus lusitanica, caused by the deposit of the ova of a fiy, Cynips galla tinctoria; astringent and styptic, by virtue of the tannin it contains, in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6). gallacetophenone (gal-as"e-to-fe'n5n). A yellowish brown powder, parasiticide and antiseptic; em- ployed externally in psoriasis and other skin dis- eases. gaU'al. Aluminum gallate, employed externally as an astringent and styptic. gallanilide (gal-an'i-lid). Gallanol, gallinol; a deriva- tive of acetanilide, employed locally in skin dis- eases as a substitute for chrysarobin. gall'anol. Gallanilide. gallate (gal'at). A salt of gallic acid. gall-bladder (gawl'blad-ur). Vesica fellea, a pear- shaped sac, containing bile, on the under surface of the liver, sand'paper g.-b., a roughened condi- . tion of the mucous membrane of the g.-b., due to the deposit of cholesterin crystals, associated usually with the presence of gallstones. artificial fistula, cholecystostoniy (external), cholecyst- enteroanastomosis, cholecystenterostomy (with intes- tine), cholecystocolostomy (with colon), cholecysto- duodenostomy (with duodenum,) cholecystogastros- tomy (with stomach), cholecystojejunostomy (with jejunum), cholecystoileostomy (with ileum), calculus, cholelith. crushine calculus in, cholecystolithotripsy, cholelithotrity. duatation, cholecystectasia. dropsy, hydrocholecystis. excision, cholecystectomy, hernia, cholecystocele. incision, cholecystotomy. inflamma- GALL-BLADDER 392 GALYL tion, cholecystitis, pain, cholecystalgia. removing calculus, cholelithotomy, cholecystendysis. suture, cholecystorrhaphy, cholecystenterorrhaphy (to intes- tine) cholecystopexy (to abdominal wall), tumor, cholecystoncus, cholicele. gall-duct (gawl'dukt). Bile-duct, one of the tubes coHveying bile, cominon g.-d., ductus chole- dochus. cystic g.-d., ductus cysticus. artificial opening into, choledochostomy. artificial union with intestine, choledochoenterostomy, chole- dochoduodenostomy (with duodenum). calculus formation in, choledocholithiasis. crushing calculus in, choledocholithotrjpsy, choledocholithotrity. exci- sion, choledochectomy, cystectomy, incision, cholan- giotomy, choledochotomy, cysticotomy, choledochen- dysis. infiammation, angiocholitis, cholangitis, chole- dochitis. removal of calculus, choledocholithotomy' cholelithotomy. stenosis, choledochiarctia. gallein (gal'e-in). Pyrogallophthalein, C2„Hi„Oj, an indicator of the reaction of a fluid, its alcoholic solution being turned rose-red in an alkaline fluid, and yellowish brown in neutral solutions. gallic acid (gal'ik as'id). Acidum* gallicum. gall'icin. Methyl gallate, gallic-acid methyl ester; a grayish white crystalline powder, employed as an astringent antiseptic in conjunctivitis and keratitis. gall'inol. Gallanilide. gallium (gal'i-um) [L. Gallia, Prance.] A rare metal, symbol Ga, atomic weight 69.9, fluid at a. temperature of 30° C. (86° P.); obtained from zinc-blende in the Pyrenees. gallobro'mol. Dibromogallic acid, occurs in whitish crystals soluble in 10 parts of water; used internally as a nervous sedative in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0), and as an astringent and anti- septic injection in gonorrhea. gallofor'min. A crystalline substance obtained from gallic acid and hexamethylenamine ; em- ployed as an internal and external antiseptic. gal'logen. Benzoaric or ellagic acid, CjjHjOj, obtained from the pods of CcBsalpina coriari or divi-divi; a yellowish powder employed in the treatment of diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-15(0. 3—1.0). gall'on. A measure of liquid capacity containing 4 quarts, 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds of distilled water; it is the equivalent of 3.7853 liters. The British imperial gallon contains 277.274 cubic inches. gallotann'ic acid. Tannin, acidum* tannicum. gall-sickness (gawl'sik-nes). Galziekte, a disease of cattle in South Africa caused by Trypanosoma theileri. gallstone (gawl'ston). A concretion, chiefly of cholesterin, formed in the gall-bladder or a bile- duct. Galton's delta (gawl'tun) [Francis Gallon, English scientist, 1822— 1911.] i. A more or less well marked triangle, in a finger-print, on either side where the straight ridges, near the joint of the dis- tal phalanx, are succeeded by arches, loops, or whorls (seecut under /j«ger-pn«i5). 2. Triradius. G.'s law, the law of ancestral inheritance; each parent contributes on an average one-quarter, or (\Y, each grandparent one-sixteenth, or (J)^, and so on; the occupier of each ancestral place in the «th degree, whatever may be the value of n, con- tributes (i)^" of the heritage. G.'s system of classi- fication, a system of classification of finger-prints according to the variations in the patterns of the ridges, which are grouped into arches, loops, and whorls; called the A.L.W., or arch-loop-whorl system. "Arches are formed when the ridges run from one side to the other of the bulb of the digit, without making any back- ward turn or twist. Loops, when there is a single backward turn, but no twist. Whorls, when there is a turn through at least one complete circle: they are also considered to include all duplex spirals." The abbreviations used in making a record of finger-prints are: u, arch, I, loop, w, whorl, i, loop with an inner (thumb side) slope, o, loop with an outer (little-finger side) slope. The ten digits are registered in four groups as follows, distinguished by capital letters : A, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the right hand; B, the fore, middle, and ring fingers of the left hand; C, the thumb and little finger of the right hand; D, the thumb and little finger of the left hand. G.'s whistle, a cylindrical whistle, attached to a comp essible bulb, with a screw attachment by which the note can be changed; it is used to test the hearing. galvanic (gal-van'ik). ' Voltaic, relating to galvan- ism, g. batt'ery, a collection of cells or elements in which an electric current is generated by chemical action, g. cau'tery, galvanocautery. g. cell, g. erement, a single unit of a g. battery, consisting usually of two plates of different metals immersed in a liquid (usually an acid) which acts upon one of the plates, or each plate may be immersed in a different liquid, the two being separated by a porous partition, g. cur'rent, galvanism. galvanism (gal'van-izm)[Luigi ffafooKJ, Italian anato- mist, 1737-1798.] Constant current electricity produced by chemical action. galvaniza'tion. The application of the constant current, or galvanic electricity. galvanocautery (gal"van-o-kaw'teT-i). An actual cautery made by heating a wire by a galvanic current. gal"vanocontractirity. The capability of a muscle of contracting under the stimulus of a galvanic current. gal"vanofar"adiza'tion. The therapeutic applica- tion of a galvanic and a faradic current at the same time. galvanorysis. Electrolysis. galvanom'eter [G. metron, measure.] An instru- ment for detecting the presence of a galvanic current, or for measuring its strength. Eint'- hoven's g., string g., thread g., see electrocardio- graph. galvanomuscular (gal"van-o-mus'ku-lar). Noting the effect of the application of a galvanic cur- rent directly to a muscle. galvanonervous (gal"van-o-nur'vus). Noting the effect of the application of the constant current to a nerve trunk. galvanopuncture (gal"van-o-punk'tiir). The appli- cation of galvanism by means of needle electrodes passed into the body. gal'vanoscope [G. skoped, I view.] An instrument for detecting the presence of a galvanic current. galvanotax'is. Electrotaxis* with relation to gal- vanism. galvanotherapeutics, galvanotherapy (gal"van-o-ther- a-pu'tiks, gal"van-o-ther'a-pl) [G. therapeuiikos, treating; therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by applications of the galvanic current. galvanot'onus. Tonic muscular contraction in response to a galvanic stimulus. galvanot'ropism. Galvanotaxis. galyl (gal'il). An arsenical preparation, tetraoxy- diphosphamino-diarsenobenzol, a yellow powder without odor or taste, employed by intravenous injection in the treatment of syphilis in doses of 8 milligrams per kilogram of the patient's weight. GALZIEKTE 393 GANGLION galziekte (gahl'zek-teh) [D. gal, bile, + sickness — bilious fever.] A trypanosomiasis of cattle in South Africa, caused by the presence of Tr. iheileri. Gamaleia's spiril'lum (gam-ah-la'yah) [N. Gama- leia, Russian bacteriologist, *i85g.] See under spirillu-m. Gam'bian fe'ver [Gambia, a British colony on the West Coast of Africa.] An irregular relapsing fever, lasting one to four days with intermissions of two to five days, marked by enlargement of the spleen, frequent pulse, and rapid breathing; due to the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma gambiense, the pathogenic microorganism of sleeping sickness. gam'bir (U.S.). Catechu (Br.), an extract from the leaves of Ourouparia gambier, pale catechu; em- ployed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 7^-15 (0.5-1.0), gamboge (gam-b5j'). Cambogia. gamete (gam'et) [G. gametes, husband; gamete, wife.] I. One of two cells undergoing caryo- gamy or true conjugation. 2. In heredity any germ-cell, whether ovum, spermatozoon, or pol- len-cell. gametoblast (gam'e-to-blast) [G. gamete, wife, gametes, husband, + blasios, offspring.] Sporo- zoite. gametocjrte (gam'e-to-sit) [G. gametes, husband, -f- kyios, a hollow vessel (cell).] A sexually differ- entiated sporont, the mother cell of a gamete. gam'etoid the'ory [gamete -\- G. eidos, reseinblance.] The theory that the malignancy of a tumor is due to the fact that the cells have assumed sexual characteristics and live as parasites upon the organism. gametophagia (gam-S-to-fa'ji-ah) [G. gametes, hus- band, or gamete, wife, -|- phago, I eat.] The disappearance of the male or female element in zygosis or true conjugation. gamma rays (gam'ah raz.) See under ray. gamm'acism [G. gamma, T, y, the equivalent of the letter g.] Inability to pronounce correctly sylla- bles containing the letter g. gam'ont [G. gamos, marriage, -|- o»(o«i-), being.] One of the sexual forms occurring in the life- cycle of certain protozoans. gamopet'alous [G. gamos, marriage, + petalon, petal.] Monopelatous, sympetalous, noting a flower the petals of which ar .- united. gamophagia (gam-o-fa'ji-ah) [G. gamos, marriage, + phago, I eat.] Gametophagia. gamophyll'ous [G. gamos, marriage, -1- phyllon, leaf.] Noting a flower, all the parts of the perianth of which are united. gamosep'alous [G. gamos, marriage, + L. sepalum, sepal.] Monosepalous, synsepalous, noting a flower, the sepals of which are united. Gangi's reaction (gan'je). The suspected fluid (4 or 5 o.c.) is poured into a test-tube containing 3 or 4 o.c. of hydrochloric acid; if the fluid is an exudate a white caseous ring forms at the plane of contact and the serous fluid is gradually con- verted into a thick shiny white or greenish mass; in the case of a transudate (non-inflammatory) only a thin white disc forms at the plane of contact. ganglia (gang'gle-ah). Plural of ganglion. ganglial (gang'gll-al). Ganglionic, relating to a ganglion. gangUate, gangliated (gang'glJ-at, gang'gll-a-ted). Ganglionated, having ganglia. gangliec'tomy [G. ganglion + ektome, excision.] Excision of a ganglion. gangliform (gang'gll-form). Having the form or appearance of a ganglion, ganglioform. gangliitis (gang-gU-i'(e')tis). Ganglionitis. ganglioblast (gang'gli-o-blast) [G. ganglion + blastos, germ.] Esthesioblast, an embryonic cell of the ganglionic nervous system. gangliocyte (gang'gll-o-sit). Nerve cell,* ganglioform (gang'gli-o-form). Gangliform, shaped like a ganglion. ganglioma (gang-gll-o'mah). Tumor of a lymphatic gland. ganglion, pi. ganglia, ganglions (gang'gll-on) [G. a subcutaneous tumor.] i. An aggregation of nerve-cells within the brain, along the course of a sensory cranial nerve, on the posterior (sensory) root of a spinal nerve, in one of the organs of special sense, or forming one of the units of the sympathetic nervous system. 2. A lymph-node. 3. A circumscribed cystic swelling connected with a tendon sheath, due to the shutting off of a hernial protrusion of the synovial lining of the sheath. com'pound g., an hourglass-shaped ganglion (3) caused by compression of the sheath of a tendon by the annular ligament at the wrist. diffuse' g., a cystic swelling due to inflammatory eSusion into one or several adjacent tendon sheaths. gan'glia plez'uum sympathico'rum, ganglia of the sympathetic plexuses, see systema nervorum sympathi- cum. g. aber'rans, aberrant g., one of the collections of nerve-cells sometimes found on a posterior spinal nerve-root between the spinal ganglion and the spinal cord. g. acousticofacia'le, a g. in the embryo, the primitive g. geniculi. g. aor"ticorena'le, aorticorenal g., a semidetached portion of the lower end of the celiac or semilunar g. g. auricula're, g. oticum. g. cardi'acum [BNAJ, cardiac g., g. of Wrisberg, a g. of the cardiac plexus lying between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. g. carot'icum, a small ganglionic swelling on filaments from the internal carotid plexus, lying on the under surface of the carotid a tery. g. cervica'le infe'rius fBNA], inferior cervical g., a sympathetic trunk g., lying behind the subclavian artery near the origin of the vertebral, at the level of the seventh cervical vertebra, close to the first thoracic g. with which it is sometimes blended. g. cervica'le me'dium fBNA], middle cervical g., a sympathetic g., of small size and sometimes absent, at the level of the sixth or seventh cervical vertebra over the inferior thyroid artery where it crosses behind the carotid sheath. g. cervica'le supe'rius [BNA], superior cervical gan- glion, the uppermost and largest of the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, lying near the base of the skull be- tween the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein; it gives off the jugular, internal and ex- ternal carotid, and superior cardiac nerves, rami communicantes to the first three or four cervical nerves and to the hypoglossal, and laryngopharyngeal rami to the pharyngeal plexus. g. cilla're [BNA], ciliary g., lenticular or ophthalmic g., a small g. in the orbit between the optic nerve and the external rectus muscle, having three roots: a long root (sensory) from the nasociliaris, a short root (motor) .from the inferior ramus of the oculomotor, and a sympathetic root; it gives origin to the short ciliary nerves which supply the coats of the eyeball, the cUiary muscles, and the iris. g. coccyge'um, coccygeal g., g. impar, the lower terminal, unpaired g. of the sympathetic trunk; it is not always present. g. coeli'acum [BNA], celiac g., semilunar g., solar g., one of two large sympathetic ganglia lying on either side of the aorta at the level of origin of the celiac artery. g. Gass'eri, g. semilunare. GANGLION 394 GANGRENE g. gen c'uli [BNA], g. of the knee of the facial nerve» geniculate g., intumescentia ganglioformis, an oval swelling on the facial nerve at the geniculum where it is joined by fibers from the vestibular trunk of the auditory nerve; from it arise the greater superficial petrosal nerve which forms the motor root of the sphenopalatine ganglion, and a minute branch which joins the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal to form the smaller superficial petrosal nerve. g. haben'uls* nucleus habenulae. g. hepat^icum, a nerve g. encircling the hepatic artery, g. im'par [L. unpaired], g. coccygeum. g. interpeduncula're [BNA], interpeduncular g., a small collection of cells on the ventral aspect of the tegmentum in the lower part of the substantia perfor- ata posterior. g. intervertebra'le, g, spinale. g. jugula're [BNA], jugular g., g. of the root of the vagus, a small enlargement on the vagus in the jugular foramen, from which arise twp branches, meningeal and auricular; the g. jugulare of the older nomen- clature is g. superius [BNA], g. lenticula're lenticular g., g. ciliare [BNA]. g. lumba'le [BNA], lumbar g., one of four or more ganglia on the inner border of the psoas major muscle on either side, forming with the sacral and coccygeal gangia, and their connecting cords, the abdominopelvic sympathetic trunk. g. mazilla're, g. submaxillare. g. mesenter'icum supe'^rius [BNA], superior mesen- teric g., an unpaired sympathetic g., lying at the point of origin of the superior mesenteric artery, entering into the formation of the celiac plexus. g. nasa'le, g. sphenopalatinum. g. nodo'sum [ BNA], nodose (knotty) g., g. of the tiunk of the vagus, a large g, of the vagus, just below the g. jugulare, at the level of the transverse processes of the first and second cervical vertebrae ; it gives out a pharyngeal branch and the superior laryngeal nerve. g. ophthal'micum, ophthalmic g., g. ciliare [BNA]. g. o'ticum [BNA], otic g., g. of Arnold, a g. situated just below the foramen ovale beneath the mandbular nerve; its motor root comes from the pterygoideus intemus, its sensoiy is the lesser superficial petrosal nerve, and its sympathetic comes from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery ; it givespff three communi- cating branches to the Vidian, auriculotemporal, and chorda tympani nerves, and motor nerves to the tensor tympani and the tensor palati muscles. g. petro'sum [BNA], petrous g., petrosal g., g. of Andersch, a small enlargement on the glossopharyngeal nerve in the jugular foramen below the g. superius; its chief branch is the tympanic of Jacobson's nerve. g. phren'icum [BNA], phrenic g., one of several small ganglia contained in the ph enic plexuses of the sym- pathetic. g. plex'uum sympathico'rum [BNA], ganglia of the sympathetic plexuses; see systema nervorum sympathicum. g. sacra'le [BNA], sacral g., one of three or four gan- glia on either side constituting, with the g. impar and the connecting cords, the pelvic portion of the sympathetic trunk. g. semiluna're^ (i) [BNA] semilunar g., Gasserian g., a flat expansion on the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve, at the apex of the petrous porfon of the tem- poral bone; from it proceed the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve; (2) g. cceliacum [BNA]. g. sola're, g. coeliacum. g. Bphenopalatl'num [BNA], sphenopalatine g., Meckel's g., a small ganglion in the upper part of the pterygopalatine (sphenomaxillary) fossa; its sensory roots are the sphenopa'atine nerves from the maxillary, its motor and sympathetic roots are joined together in the Vidian nerve; the ganglion gives off nerves to the nose, palate, and orbit. g. spina'le [BNA], spinal g., a collection of unipolar nerve-cells on- the posterior (sensory) root of each of the spinal nerves, g. spira'le coch'leee [BNA], spiral ganglion of the cochlea, ganglion of Corti, an elongated ganglion on the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve in the spiral canal of the modiolus; from it fibers pass out between the layers of the lamina spiralis ossea to the organ of Corti. g. splanch'nicum [BNA], splanchnic g., a ganglion not infrequently present in the course of the greater splanchnic nerve. g. stella'tum, stellate g., the first g. thoracale. g. submaxiUa're[BNA], submaxillary g., asmall g. on the hyoglossus muscle suspendedfromthelingual nerve; its sensory root is derived from the lingual, its motor root from! the chorda tympani, and its sympathetic root from the plexus on the facial artery; branches go to the submaxillary and sublingual glands and the submaxillary (Wharton's) duct. g. BUpe'rius [BNA], upper g., jugular g., an enlarge- ment of small size on the glossopharyngeal nerve in the jugular foramen; it is not constant and may be fused with the petrous g. ; it gives out no branches. g. thoraca'le [BNA], thoracic g., one of eleven or twelve ganglia on either side, at the level of the head of each rib, constituting with the connecting nerve-cords the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk. g. thorac'icum pri'mum, g. cervicale inferius. g. trun'ci sympath'ici [BNA], gangUon of the sym- pathetic trunk, see systema nervorum sympathicum. g. vestibula're [BNA]., vestibular g., a collection of nerve-cells forming a swelling on the nervus vestibuli in the internal acoustic meatus. perios'teal g., serous abscess. * sim^ple g., a circumscribed collection of fluid in a tendon sheath, frequently located on the dorsal suiface of the wrist. gangUonated (gang'gll-on-a-ted). Gangliate. ganglion-cell. Nerve-cell.* ganglion-corpuscle (gang"gH-on-kor'pus-l). Nerve- cell.* ganglionervous system (gang"glI-o-nur'vus sis' tern). Sympathetic nervous system. ganglioneure (gang'gll-o-nur) [G. ganglion + neu- ron, nerve.] A cell of a nerve-ganglion. ganglioneuroma, pi. ganglioneuro'mata, ganglio- neuro'mas (gang-gll-o-nu-ro'mah). A true neu- roma composed in part of, or contain ng numer- ous, nerve-cells of the type found in the sympa- thetic ganglia. ganglionic (gang-gll-on'ik). Relating to a ganglion in any sense. ganglionitis (gang-gll-on-i'(e')tis). i. Inflamma- tion of a lymphatic ganglion, lymphadenitis, a. Inflammation of a nerve-ganglion. Gangolphe*s sign (gahn-golf) [Louis Gangolphe French surgeon, contemporary.] In internal strangulation of the intestine, there is a sero- sanguinolent effusion, shown by flatness on per- cussion in the loins or felt on rectal examina- tion. gango'sa [Sp. gangoso, snuffling; fern, to agree with ^ enfermedad, disease.] Rhinopharyngitis muti- lans. gangrene (gang'grSn) [G. gangraina.] A form of necrosis combined with putrefaction; mortifica- tion, angioneurotic g., neurotic g. angioscler- ot'ic g., dry g. due to sclerotic changes in the ves- sels, as seen conspicuously in senile g. cold g., dry g., neurotic g., or any form not preceded by inflammation, decu'bital g., bedsore, diabet'ic g., moist g. occurring in cases of advanced dia- betes, dissexn'inated cuta'neous g., rupia escha- rotica. dry g., a form of gangrene in which the necrosed part is dried up and shrivelled ; mummi- fication, embolic g., g. occurring in consequence of the plugging of the main artery of the part. emphysem'atous g., gaseous g., a. form in which the subcutaneous tissues are permeated with gas from putrefaction, crackling occurring on palpation; see also gas phlegmon.* gas' ecus g., GANGRENE 39S GAS emphysematous g. glyce'mic g., glyke'mic g., diabetic g. hos'pital g., tnoist g., due to infec- tion of a wound with putrefactive bacteria, at one time common in ill-kept and crowded hos- pitals; sloughing phagedena, hot g., g. follow- ing inflammation of the part, hyster'ical g., neurotic g. moist g., a form in which the necrosed part is moist and soft, decomposition occurring through the action of putrefactive • bacteria, mul'tiple g., the occurrence of many points of cutaneous g., as in gangrenous herpes, neurot'ic g,, spontaneous g. occurring in hyster- ical and neurotic subjects, nosoco'mial g., hospital g. prese'nile sponta'neous g., g. occur- ring in middle life as a result of thromboangiitis obliterans, pri'mary g., g. caused by the direct action of bacteria in not previously necrotic tissues, pul'py g., hospital g. sec'ondaiy g., a condition in which putrefactive changes occur consequent upon necrosis due to arterial obstruc- tion or other cause, se'nile g., dry gangrene occurring in the aged in consequence of occlusion of the nutrient artery of the part; it aflEects especially the extremities, sponta'neous g., neiirotic g. stat'ic g., venous g., moist g. due to obstruction in the return circulation, symmet'- lical g., g. of corresponding parts on the two sides of the body: it occurs most commonly in Ray- naud's''= disease, thrombot'ic g., g. due to plugging of the main artery by a thrombus. troph'ic g., g. due to disorder of the trophic nerves of the part; neurotic g. ve'nous g., static g. white g., death of a part accompanied by the formation of grayish white sloughs. bone, necrosteon, necrosteosis. cheek, noma, cancer aquaticus, cancrum oris, dry, mummification, leuco- necrosis, necrosis ustilaginea (from ergot), hospital, phagedena nosocomialis, phagedena gangraenosa. liver, hepatocace, hepatonecrosis. lung, necropneu- monia, pneumocace, pneumonocace. moist, spha- celus, mouth, noma, cancer aquaticus, cancrum oris, ulitis septica. skin, necrodermatitis, necrodermitis, sphaceloderma, dermatitis gangraenosa, ^ decubitus (bed-sore), ecthyma ^ngrgenosum. spreading, phage- dena, symmetrical, Raynaud's disease, tendency to, necropathy. vtUva, noma, white, leuconecrosis. gan'grenous. Relating to or affected with gan- grene ; mortified. Gan'ser's symp'tom [Sigbert Joseph Maria Ganger, German psychiatrist, *i8S3.] Symptom of approximate answers; while the answers are apparently incorrect, yet analysis will show that they really have some relation to the matter embraced in the question. G.'s syn'drome, acute hallucinatory mania, a symptom complex, usually hysterical in origin, of amnesia, dis- turbances of consciousness, hallucinations, and physical disorders of various kinds. gar'antose. Saccharin. Gaicin'^ [Laurent Garcin, French botanist, *i752.] A genus of trees, of the natural order Gutiifem, a species of which, C hanbu'rii, furnishes gam- bogia.* Garde'nia [Alexander Garden, English botanist, bom in South Carolina,, 1730-1791.] A genus of shrubs of the order Rubiacece. The fruits of G. fiori'da, G. grandiflo'ra, and G. radi'cans are demtilcent and refrigerant, and furnish also a yellow dye. Gar'diner-Brown's test [Alfred Gardiner-Brown, English otologist.] If the vibrations of a tuning- fork applied to the mastoid process are heard longer than they can be felt by the fingers (positive test) there is disease of the middle ear; if they cease to be heard by the patient while they can still be felt by the examiner (negative test) there is disease of the middle ear; normally they cease to be heard and to be felt at the same time. Garel's' sign [Jean Garel, French physician, '"1852.] I . When an electric bulb is placed in the mouth the light is not perceived by the eye on the same side as an empyema or tumor of the antrum of Highmore. 2. Dysphagia located in the ton- sils and posterior fauces, if persistent for more than three weeks, is usually of syphilitic origin. gaigareon (gar-gar'i-on) [G.] Uvula. gar'garism [G. gargarisma.'] A gargle. gargarisma (gar-gar-iz'ma) [G.] Gargarism, gar- gle, g. guai'aci compos'itum (N.F.), compound gargle of guaiac, compounded of ammoniated tincture of guaiac 100, compound tincture of cinchona 100, clarified honey 200, potassium chlorate 40, oil of peppermint 2, water to make 1000. garget (gahr'get). i. A swelling in the throat in cattle. 2. An inflammation of the udder of a cow, due to injury or to distention with milk. gargle (gahr'gl) [L. gorgM/«o, the throat.] 1. To rinse the fauces by taking fluid in the mouth and forcing the expired breath through it while the head is held far back. ■^. A medicated fluid used for gargling; a throat- wash. Gariel's pes'saty (ga.-re-el') [Maurice Gariel, Paris physician, 1812— 1878.] A hollow rubber pessary which can be inflated, occurring in the form of (i) a ring or (2) a pear. Gar'land's curve [George Minott Garland, American physician, *i848.] Damoiseau's* curve. gar'lic. Allium. Gar'rod's finger-pads [Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, London physician, 1819-1907.] Split-pea sized swellings on the interphalangeal knuckles, occurring in the early stages of Dupuytren's* contraction. G.'s test, two or three threads are placed in a vessel containing blood-serum acidulated with acetic acid, and the vessel is put aside in a cool place where decomposition will not set in, and allowed to evaporate to about half its volume; the threads are then washed in water to remove any phosphate deposit and examined under the microscope; in the case of gouty serum and in some other conditions, crystals of uric acid will be seen. garr'ot [Fr. garroier, to tie fast.] A form of tourni- quet for arresting the flow of blood in a. limb by compression with a tight bandage. garrulity (gS-ru'li-tl) [L. garrulitas.'] Loquacity, talkativeness, g. of the vul'va, the noisy expul- sion of gas from the vagina. Garr'ya [Garry, an employee of the Hud- son Bay Company, nineteenth century.] A genus of evergreen shrubs. G. fremont'ii, fever- bush, a shrub of California the leaves of which have tonic and antiperiodic properties; dose njio— 30 (o . 6—2 . o) of a fluidextract. Gait'ner's cyst [Herman Treschow Gartner, Danish anatomist, 1785-1827.] A cystic tumor arising from G.'s duct. G.'s duct, one of the tubules of the epoophoron running parallel with the Fallo- pian tube, ductus"* epoophori longitudinalis. gas [a word coined by Van Helmont, a Belgian chemist of the seventeenth century.] A thin fluid, like air, capable oi indefinite expansion, but usually convertible by compression and cold into a liquid, asphyz'iating g., carbon monoxide employed as a poisonous gas in warfare, hemo- lyt'ic g., a poisonous gas (arsine) used in warfare, inhalation of which causes hemolysis with hemoglobinuria, jaundice, gastroenteritis, and GAS 396 GASTROCYSTIS nephritis, laugh'ing g. [so called because its inhalation sometimes excites an hilarious delirium preceding insensibility], nitrous oxide, nitrogenii monoxidum, nitrogen* monoxide. marsh g., methane, mus'tard g., dichlorethyl sulphide; a poisonous gas first used by the Germans in the world war; it causes intense irritation of the eyes, air passages, and skin, followed by blistering and sloughing of the skin and bronchopneumonia, sew'er g., the emanation from a sewer, snee'zing g., sternu- tator, diphenylchlorarsine, a gas used in warfare which causes explosive cough and sneezing, salivation, retrosternal pain, and headache, sufi'ocating g., a gas employed in warfare which causes intense irritation of the bronchial tubes and lungs, resulting in pul- monary edema; among gases so employed are chlorine, phosgen, diphosgen, and oxychlor- carbon. tear g., acetone, benzene bromide, xylol, a gas used in warfare which causes irritation of the conjunctiva and profuse lacrymation; called also lacrymator. ves'- icating g., mustard g. gas-em'bolism. Air-embolism. gas'eous. Of the nature of gas. gas'ifonn. Gaseous.''' gas'ing. Poisoning by irrespirable gases, espe- cially as employed in the European war of 1914 and following years. Gas'kell's bridge [Walter Holbrook Gaskell, English physiologist, 1847—1914.] Atrioventricular bundle.* gas'kin. The thigh of the horse; the part between the stifle and hock joints. gasometric (gas-o-met'rik). Relating to gaso- metry. g, analysis, the determination of the nature and relative proportion of the gases in a mixture. gasom'etry [G. meiron, measure.] The measure- ment of gases; the determination of the relative proportion of gases in a mixture. gas-phleg'mon. A cellulitis in which there is a formation of gas in the subcutaneous tissues gangrenous emphysema; see also under phleg- mon. gasserec'tomy \Gasserian ganglion, + "G. ekiome, excision.] Excision of the Gasserian ganglion, or ganglion* semilunare. Gasse'rian. Relating to Johann Laurcntius Gas- ser, German surgeon (1505-1577), noting the G. ganglion, ganglion* semilunare. Gastein or Wildbad-Gastein, Austria (vilt'baht- gah'stin). Very feebly mineralized waters with radioactive properties, 80° F. to 120° F. Numerous springs. Used by drinking but chiefly by bathing in affections of the nervous system, paralysis, gout, rheumatism, convales- cence, neuralgia, hysteria, hypochondriasis, neur- asthenia, insomnia, impotence, weak digestion, and diseases of women. May i to September 30. gasteran"giemphrax'is [G. gaster, belly (stomach), -(- angeion, vessel, -t- emphraxis, obstruction.] Obstruction to the circulation in the blood- vessels of the stomach. gasterhysterot'omy [G. gaster, belly, -t- hyslera, uterus, -1- tome, incision.] Cesarean* section. gastradenitis {gas-tra-den-i'(e')tis) [G. gaster, stom- ach, + aden, gland, + -itis.'] Inflammation of the glands of the stomach. gastral'gia [G. gasier(gastr-), belly (stomach), -1- atgos, pain.] Gastrodynia, stomachache. gastralgocenosis (gas-tral"go-sen-o'sis) [G. gaster- {gastr-), belly, + algos, pain, -1- kenosis, empti- ness.] Pain in the stomach, occurring when the organ is empty and relieved by taking food. gastraneuria (gas-tran-u'ri-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, -f a- priv. -t- neuron, nerve.] A loss of energy in the nerve-supply of the stomach. gastrasthe'nia [G. gaster(gastr-), belly (stomach), -I- astheneia, weakness.] Weakness of the muscular coat of the stomach or of the digestive function of the organ. gastrecta'sia, gastrec'tasis [G. gaster, belly (stomach); -t- ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the stomach. gastrec'tomy [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a part or all of the stomach. gas'tric. Relating to the stomach, g. fe'ver, acute gastritis, g. juice, the digestive fluid secreted by the glands of the stomach ; it is a thin, colorless liquid of acid reaction, containing chlorides, phosphates, hydrochloric acid, rennet, and a proteolytic enzyme, pepsin. gastricism (gas'trl-sizm). A disorder of the stomach. gas'trine. A hormone formed at the pyloric ex- tremity of the stomach, the action of which is to excite secretion of the glands at the cardiac end of this organ. gastritis (gas-tri'(tre')tis) [G. gaster (,gastr-), belly, -t- -itisl\ Inflammation of the stomach, atroph'ic g., chronic g. with atrophy of the mucous mem- brane and more or less destruction of the peptic glands, catar'rhal g., g. with excessive secretion of mucus, hypertroph'ic g., chronic g. with thickening of the mucous membrane and hyper- plasia of the peptic glands, phleg'monous g., severe inflammation, chiefly of the submucous coat, with purulent infiltration of the wall of the stomach, pol'ypous g., a form of chronic g., in which there is irregular atrophy of the mucous membrane with cystic degeneration giving rise to a knobby or polypous appearance of the surface. sclerot'ic g., a fibrous thickening of the walls of the stomach with diminution in the capacity of the organ. gastroadynamic (gas"tro-ad-i-nam'ik). Noting a weakness of the gastric function; relating to gastrasthenia. gastroanastomosis (gas"tro-an-as-to-mo'sis). The formation of an artificial communication between the cardiac and pyloric extremities of the stom- ach, in cases of nearly impermeable hour-glass con- traction of that organ. gastrobro'sia [G. gaster{gastr-), stomach, + brosis, corrosion.] Perforation of the stomach. gastrocele (gas'tro-sel) [G. gaster{gastr-), belly, (stomach), -1- kele, hernia.] Hernia of a portion of the stomach. gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'mi-us) [G. gaster- igastr-), belly, + kneme, leg.] One of the calf muscles; see under musculus. gastrocol'ic. Relating to the stomach and the colon, g. omen'tum, the epiploon, or omentum* majus. gastrocolitls (gas-tro-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of both stomach and colon. gastrocolos'tomy [G. gaster, stomach, + kolon, colon, + stoma, mouth.] The formation of a communication between stomach and colon. gastrocolot'omy [G. gaster, stomach, + kolon, colon, -t- tome, incision.] Incision into stomach and colon ; gastrocolostomy. gastrocolpot'omy [G gaster, belly, -f- kolpos, sinus (vagina).] Gastroelytrotomy. gastrocys'tis [L. gaster, belly, -I- kystis, bladder.] Blastodermic vesicle, blastocyst.* GASTRODIAPHANE 397 GASTROMELUS gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di'ah-fan) [G. gaster, stom- ach, + dia, throiigh, + phane, a light.] A small electric-light bulb passed through aa esophageal tube into the stomach. gas"tTodiaphano5'copy [G. gaster, stomach, + dia, through, + phane, light, + skopeo, I view.] Gastrodiaphany. gastrodiaphany (gas-tro-di-af a-nl) [G. gaster, stom- ach, + dia, through, -f phane, light.] Examina- tion of the anterior wall of the stomach by means of the lights and shadows cast by a gastrodia- phane. gastrodidjnnus (gas-tro-did'i-mus) [G. gaster, belly, + didymos, twin.] A twin monster united at the abdomen which is common to both twins. gas'trodisc. Germinal* disc. Gastrodis'cus hom'inis [G. gaster, stomach, + diskos, disc; L. homo, gen. hominis, man.] Amphisto- mum hominis, an intestinal fluke, rarely found in man, of uncertain pathogenicity. gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-od'e-nal). Relating to the stomach and duodenum. gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-o-de-ni'(ne')tis). In flammation of the stomach and duodenum. gastroduodenostomy (gas"tro-du"o-de-nos'to-mI) [G. gaster{gastr-), stomach, + L. duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.] Operative establishment of a com- munication, other than the natural one, between the stomach and the duodenum. gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'i-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-) , belly (stomach), -J- odyne, pain.] Gastralgia, stomachache. gastroelytrotomy (gas-tro-el-e-trot'o-mi) [G. gaster {gastr-), stomach, + elytron, vagina, + tome, incision.] Gastrocolpotomy, incision through the abdominal wall into the vagina. gas"troenter'ic [G. gaster, stomach, + enteron, intestine.] Relating to both stomach and intestine. gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. gaster] belly (stomach), + enteron, intestine, + -itis.. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of both stomach and intestine. gastroenteroanastomosis (gas"tro-en"ter-o-an-as-to- mo'sis). An artificial opening between the stom- ach and some non-continuous portion of the intes- tine. gas"troen"terocolos'tomy. The operative formation of direct communication between the stomach and the large and small intestines. gastroenterol'ogist. A specialist in diseases of the stomach and intestine. gastroenterology (gas-tro-en-ter-ol'o-ji) [G. gasier- (gasir-), stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, + -logia.] The branch of medical science which has to do with the stomach and intestine and their diseases. gastroenteroplasty (gas-tro-en'ter-o-plas-ti) [G. gas- ter, stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, + plasso, I form.] Operative repair of defects in the stomach and intestine. gas"troenteropto'sia [G. gaster, stomach, + enteron, intestine, 4- ptosis, a falling.] Downward dis- ' placement of the stomach and a portion of the intestine. gastroenterostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-os'to-mJ) [G. gas- ter, stomach, -I- enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial opening between the stomach and the intestine. gastroenterotomy (gas-tro-en-ter-ot'o-ml) [G. gaster, stomach, + enteron, intestine, + tome, incision.] Section into both stomach and intestine; gastro- enterostomy. gas"troepiplo'ic. Relating to the stomach and the greater omentum. gastroesophageal (gas-tro-e-s6-faj'e-al). Relating to both stomach and esophagus. gastrofaradization (gas-tro-f S,-ra,-di-za'shun) . The application of a faradic current to the abdomen, or to the stomach. gastrogalvaniza'tion. The application of a galvanic current to the abdomen, or to the stomach. gas"trogastros'tomy [G. gaster, stomach, -t- stoma mouth.] Gastroanastomosis. gas'trograph [G. gasier{gastr-), stomach, + graphe, a writing.] An instrument for recording graph- ically the movements of the stomach. gastrohelco'sis [G. gaster (gastr-), stomach, -i- hel- kosis, ulceration.] Ulceration of the stomach. gas"trohepat'ic [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, -I- hepar (hepat-), liver.] Relating to the stomach and the liver, g. omen'tum, omentum* minus. gastrohydrorrhea (gas"tro-hi"dro-re'ah) [G. gaster, stomach, -|- hydor, water, + rhoia, a flow. An excretion into the stomach of a large amount of watery fluid containing neither hydrochloric acid nor rennet nor pepsin ferments. -gas"trohysterec'tomy [G. gaster(gastr-), belly, -h hystera, uterus, -t- ektome, excision.] Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdominal wall ; abdominohysterectomy, laparohysterec- tomy, celiohysterectomy. gastrohys'teropexy [G. gaster, belly, -I- hystera, uterus, -H. pexis, fixation.] Ventrofixation of the uterus, laparohysteropexy. gas"trohys"teror'rhaphy [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, + hystera, uterus, + rhaphe, a. stitching.] Gas- trohysteropexy. gastrohysterot'omy [G. gaster{gastr-), belly, -I- ^ hystera, uterus, -f- tome, incision.] Incision into the uterus through the abdominal wall, as in cesarean section; abdominohysterotomy, celio- hysterotomy, laparohysterotomy. gastrointestinal (gas"tro-in-tes'ti-nal) [G. gaster {gastr-), stomach, + L. intestinum.] Gastro- enteric. gastrojejunostomy (gas"tro-je-ju-nos'to-mI) [G. stoma, mouth.] Gastronesteostomy, establish- ment of a direct communication between the stomach and the jejunum. gastrokinesograph (gas"tro-ki-nes'o-graf) [G. gaster (gastr-), stomach, -h kinesis, motion, -j- graphe, a. writing.] Gastrograph. gastrolavage (gas-tro-lS-vazh'). Lavage of the stomach. gastrolienal (gas-tro-li'e-nal) [G. gaster, stomach, + L. lien, spleen.] Gastrosplenic. g. lig'ament, see under ligament. gas'trolith [G. gaster (gastr), stomach, + lithos, stone.] A concretion in the stomach, a gastric calculus. gastrolithi'asis. The presence of one or more calculi in the stomach, with the symptoms associated therewith. gastrol'ogist. A specialist in diseases of the stom- ach. gastrol'ogy. The branch of medical science which has to do with the stomach and its diseases. gastrol'ysis [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, -I- lysis, loosening.] Separation of perigastric adhesions. gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a'sl-ah) [G. gaster(gastr-), stomach, 4- malakia, softness.] Softening of the walls of the stomach. gastromeg'aly [G. gaster(gastr-) belly, (stomach), -f me gas (me gal-), large.] ±. Enlargement of the abdomen. 2. Enlargement of the stomach. gastrom'elus [G. gaster, belly, -I- melos, a limb.] A monster having a supernumerary limb attached to the abdomen. GASTROMENIA 398 GASTROTHORACOPAGUS gastTome'nia [G. gasier, stomach, + men, month.] Gastric hemorrhage occurring as a form of vi- carious menstruation. gastromyco'sis [G. gasier, stomach, + mykes, ftingus.] A fungous growth in the stomach. gastiomyxorrhea, gastromyxorrhcea (gas"tro-miks- or-re'ah) [G. gaster, stomach, + myxa, mucus, + rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion of mucus in the stomach. gastronesteostomy (gas"tro-ne-ste-os'to-mI) [G. gas- ier, stomach, + nestis, jejunum, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a direct communication between the stomach and jejunum; gastrojejunostomy. gastroparal'ysis. Paralysis of the muscular coat of the stomach. gas"troparasi'tus [G. gaster, belly, + parasiios, parasite.] A twin monster in which the incom- plete parasite is attached to, or within, the abdo- men of the autosite. gastropath'ic. Relating to a disease of the stomach. gastrop'athy [G. gasier, stomach, + pathos, suffer- ing.] Any disease of the stomach. gastroperiodynia (gas"tro-per-i-o-din'I-ah) [G. gaster, stomach, -I- periodos, period, -I- odyne, pain.] Periodically recurring pain in the stomach. gas'tropexy [G. gasier, stomach, -\- pexis, fixation.] Attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall to prevent prolapse. gastrophore (gas'tro-for) [G. gaster, stomach, + phoros, a bearer.] An appliance for holding the stomach firmly during an operation upon that organ. gas"trophren'ic [G. gaster, stomach, + phren, dia- phragm.] Relating to the stomach and the dia- phragm, g. lig'ament, a peritoneal fold between the diaphragm and the cardiac end of the stomach. gastrophthisis , (gas"trof-thi'(the')sis) [G. gaster, belly, + phthisis, a wasting disease.] Emaciation and weakness due to an abdominal disorder. gas'troplasty [G. gasier, stomach, -I- plasso, I form.] Operative treatment of a defect of any kind in the stomach, such as an hourglass contraction. gastrople'gia [G. gaster, belly (stomach), -I- plege, stroke.] Acute dilatation of the stomach. gastroplica'tion [G. gasier^gastr-), stomach, + L. plicare, to fold.] Gastroptyxis. gastropneiunonic (gas"tro-nu-mon'ik) [G. gaster, stomach, + pneumon, lungs.] Relating to the stomach and the lungs. gastropto'sia, gastropto'sis [G. gasier, stomach, -t- ptosis, a falling.] Downward displacement of the stomach. gastroptyxis (gas-trop-tiks'is) [G. gaster, stomach, -f- ptyxis, a fold.] An operation for reducing the size of the stomach by making a longitudinal fold with the peritoneal surfaces in apposition; gastroplication, gastrorrhaphy. stomach-reefing. gastropul'monaiy [G. gaster, stomach, -I- L. pulm o Itmg.] Gastropneumonic, pneumogastrio. gas"tropylorec'tomy. Pylorectomy. gastropyloric (gas"tro-pi-lor'ik). Relating to the stomach as a whole and to the pylorus. gastrorrha'gia [G. gaster(gasir-), belly, + -rhagia.'] Hemorrhage from the stomach. gastror'rhaphy [G. gastlr, belly, stomach, -f rhaphe, a stitching.] 1. Suture of a perforation of the stomach. 2. Gastroptyxis, gastroplication. 3. Suture of a wound in the abdominal wall. gastrorrhea, gastrorrhcea (gas-tror-re'ah) [G. gaster, stomach, -t- rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion of gastric juice, gastrosuccorrhea, or of mucus, gas- iromyxorrhea, by the stomach. eas"trosalpinKOt'oniy fG. eastSr, belly, -I- salpinx. trumpet, + tome, incision.] Incision into the Fallopian tube after an abdominal section. gas'trosan. Trade name of a white insoluble pow- der said to be the bisalicylate of bismuth ; recom- mended in cases of atony, of the stomach with hypersecretion, in doses of gr. 12 (0.8). gastroschisis (gas-tros'kl-sis) [G. gasier, belly, -I- schisis, a fissure.] A congenital fissure in the abdominal wall, usually with protrusion of the viscera. gas'troscope [G; gaster, belly, stomach, -t- skoped, I examine.] A device for inspecting the interior of the stomach. gastroscop'ic. Relating to gastroscopy. gastros'copy. Examination of the abdomen or of the stomach. gastro'sis. A disorder of the stomach, gastropathy. gas'trospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the walls of the stomach. gastrosplen'ic [G. gaster, stomach + splen, spleen.] Relating to the stomach and the spleen, g. lig'- ament, g. omen'tum, ligamentum gastrolienale [BNA]. gastrostax'is [G. gaster, stomach, + siaxis, trickling.] Oozing of blood from the mucous membrane of the stomach. gastrostenosis (gas"tro-sten-o'sis) {gaster, stomach, + stenosis, narrowing.] Diminution in size of the cavity of the stomach. gastros'tomize. To establish a gastric fistula. gastrostomo'sis. Gastrostomy. gastrostomy (gas-tros'to-mi) [G. gasier, stomach, -I- stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an artificial opening into the stomach. gastrosuccorrhea, gastrosuccorrhoea (gas"tro-suk-or- re'ah) G. gaster, stomach, -I- L. succus, juice, -I- G. rhoia, a flow.] Excessive secretion of the gas- tric juice, Reichmann's disease, g. muco'sa, gas- tromyxorrhea. gastrothoracodymus (gas"tro-tho-ra-kod'i-mus) [G. gaster, belly, + thorax, chest, + didymos, twin.] Gastrothoracopagus. gastrothoracopagus dlpygus, dipygus Parasiticus. gastrothoracopagus (gas"tro-tho-ra-kop'a-gus) [G. gaster, belly, + thorax, chest, 4- pagos, joined.] A twin monster joined at thorax and abdomen, g. dipy'gus, an unequal twin monster, the parasite, consisting of pelvis and lower extremities only, or occasionally arms as well, being attached to the lower part of the thorax and abdomen of the auto- site; dipygus parasiticus. GASTROTOME 399 GEL gas'trotome [G. gaster, stomach, + tome, incision.] A knife for incising the stomach. gastrot'omy [G. gaster, stomach, + tome, incision.] Incision into the stomach, gastrotox'ic. Poisonous or toxic in relation to the mucous membrane of the stomach, g. serum, a serum prepared by injecting an emulsion of the gastric cells of one animal into another animal, the blood-serum of the injected animal becoming poisonous to the gastric mucous membrane of the species of animal from which the cells were obtained. gastrotox'in. A cytotoxin specific for the cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach. gastrotrachelotomy (gas-tro-trak-el-ot'o-ml) [G. gas- ter, belly, + trachelos, neck, + tome, incision.] Abdominal section with incision into the cervical portion of the pregnant uterus; a method of cesarean section. gastrotubotomy (gas"tro-tu-bot'o-mI) [G. gaster, belly, + L. tuba, trumpet, + G. tome, incision.] Gastrosalpingotomy. gastrotympanites (gas-tro-tim-pan-i'(e')tez) [G. gas- ter, stomach, + L. tympanum, drum, + G. -ites.] Distention of the stomach with gas. gastrozia (gas-troks'i-ah) [G. gaster, stomach, + oxys, acid.] Excessive acidity of the gastric juice, ga.stroxynsis. gastrozynsis (gas-trok-sin'sis) [G. gaster{gastr-), stomach, + oxyno, I make acid.] Intermittent hyperchlorhydria. gas'trula [L. dim. of G. gaster, belly.] The embryo in the stage of development following the blastula, consisting of a. sac with double wall. endoderm and ectoderm, the cavity being the archenteron. See cut in the next column. Blastula (i) and Gastbula (2) Stages of the Em- bryo. gastrula'tion. The invagination of the blastula wall, forming the gastrula. gath'er. To suppurate, come to a head; said of a boil when maturating. gath'ering. a. The formation of pus in a boil or abscess. 2. A circumscribed collection of pus, a boil, carbuncle, or abscess. gat'ism [Fr. gdtisme.'] Incontinence of urine or feces. gatopho'bia [G. gatos, cat, + phobos, fear.] A mor- bid dislike or fear of cats. Gaucher's disease' (go-sha') [Philippe Charles Ernest Gaucher, French physician, *i854.] A form of splenomegaly in which a cross-section of the organ presents a reddish gray appearance with numerous scattered whitish streaks and points composed of epithelial or endothelial cells ; the symptoms are those of splenic anemia. gaultheria (gawl-the'ri-ah). Wintergreen, partridge berry, the dried leaves of Gaultheria procumbens; it yields the official methyl salicylate (methylis salicylas), formerly called oleum gaultherise or oil of wintergreen. gaul'therin. A glucoside, C^HuOj + H^O, from the bark of several species of Betula, birch; it occurs in colorless soluble needles, yielding methyl salicylate on decomposition. gaulther'olin. Synthetic methyl salicylate, or oil of wintergreen. gauze (gawz) [Fr. gase.'] A thin, loose-meshed cloth, employed in bandages or wound dressings, when sterilized or impregnated with antiseptics. gavage (gS-vazh') [Fr. gaver, to gorge fowls.] Feed- ing by the stomach- tube. Gavard's mus'cle (ga-var*) [Hyacinthe Gavard, French anatomist, 1753-1802.] Oblique fibers in the muscular coat of the stomach. Gawalowski's test (gav-al-ov'ske). For sugar in the urine: the presence of sugar is indicated by a blue color on adding ammoniuni molybdate.to the urine and heating to the boiling point. Gayet's disease' (ga-ya') [Prudent Gayet, French army surgeon, contemporary.] A disease very similar to the sleeping sickness. gayle (gal), i. Puerperal septicemia in sheep. 2. A skin lesion of the hand, one-half to one inch in diameter, of a grayish blue color surrounded by a reddish areola, accompanied by swelling of the hand and enlargement of the axillary glands; it occurs in those who have handled the bodies of sheep dead of gayle. The specific microorganism of g. has been called by Klein, Staphylococcus htsmorrhagicus. Gay'lord and Gulick Min'eral Springs, Pennsylvania. Sulphated-acid-chalybeate waters. Contain appreciable quantities of manganese, nickel, and cobalt. Two springs. Used by drinking and locally in anemia, dyspepsia, intestinal disorders, and general debility. The astringent and stimulant effects are utilized locally by spray, gargle, douche, and lotion. Gay-Lussac's law (ga-lii-sak') [Louis Joseph Gay- Lussac, Parisian chemist, 1 778-1850.] All gases expand equally on heating, namely for every degree centigrade ^}j of their volume at 0°, and they contract m the same measure on cooling. Gd. Chemical symbol of gadolinium., Ge. Chemical symbol of germanium. Gegenbauer's cells (ga'gen-bow-er) [Carl Gegenbauer, German anatomist, 1826—1903.] Osteoblasts. Geigel's re'flex (gi'gel) [Richard Geigel, German physician, *i859.] On gently stroking the inner side of the thigh there is a contraction of the muscular fibers at the upper edge of Poupart's ligament, the analogue in woman of the cremas- teric reflex. Geilnau, Germany (gll'now). Alkaline waters. Used as table water. Geissler test (gis'ler) [Ernst Geissler, German physician, nineteenth century.] For albumin in the urine: two bits of filter'paper, impregnated, respectively, with citric acid and with a mixture of corrosive sublimate and potassium iodide, are dropped into the urine; albumin, if present, will be precipitated. Geissler tubes (gis'ler) [Heinrich Geissler, German mechanician, 1814-1879.] Tubes of various shapes, made of thin glass and filled with very attenuated gases, with two platinum electrodes sealed into the glass; see Crookes* tube. Geissler-Pluecker tubes (gJs'ler-pluk'er) . Geissler tubes. gel (jel) [abbr. of gelatinized colloid.] i. The coagulum of a sol, as when alum or mercuric chloride is added to a gelatine hydrosol. 2. A solidified jelly-like colloid; a system of solid GEL 400 GENERIIS dispersion medium and liquid dispersed phase, i.e. a jelly. gelanth, gelanthum (jel'anth, jel-an'thum) A mix- ture of gelatin, tragacanth, thymol, and glycerin, employed as a vehicle for the application of drugs to the skin. gelatin, gelatine (jel'a-tin) [L. gelaius, congealed.] Gelatinum, a derived protein formed from the collagen of the tissues by boiling in water. Glue, size, and isinglass are forms of gelatin. It swells up when put in cold water, but dissolves only in hot water. It has been employed hypodermically as a hemostatic and to promote coagulation in the treatment of aneurysms, glyc'erinated g., gelati- num glycerinatum. Japanese' g., agar-agar, nu'- trient g., a culture medium consisting of bouillon with 10 per cent, of gelatin added, veg'etable g., a substance similar to or identical with gelatin, obtained from gluten. Wharton's g., Wharton's jelly, the mucoid tissue of the umbilical cord. gelatinif erous [gelatin + L. ferre, to bear.] Pro- ducing or containing gelatin. gelatiniza'tion. Conversion into gelatin or a sub- stance resembling it. gelatinize (jel'a-tin-5z). i. To convert into gelatin. 2. To become gelatinous. gelat'inoid [gelatin -f- G. eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling gelatin. 2. Gelatinous. gelatinosa (jel-at"I-no'sah). Substantia* gelatinosa, Rolando's substance. gelat'inous. i. Relating to gelatin. ■^. Jelly-like. gelati'num [L. gelaius, frozen.] (U.S., Br.) Gela- tin prepared by the action of boiling water on various animal tissues, such as bones, liga- ments, hoofs, horns, etc. ; used in pharmacy for coating pills, making plasters, troches, capsules, etc.; employed in medicine as a hemostatic, locally applied or given hypodermically, and also in the treatment of aneurysm, g. chon'dri (N.F.), Irish moss gelatin, extracted from Irish moss, used to make the mucilage of Irish moss which is employed as a substitute for gum arable in mak- ing emulsions, g. glycerina'tum (U.S.), glyc- erinated gelatin, glycerogelatin, glycerin jelly, made of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin, a firm mass liquefying at gentle heat; employed as a vehicle for suppositories and urethral bougies and for the glycerogelatina of the N.F. gelation (jel-a'shun). In coUoidal chemistry, the transformation of a sol into a gel. geratol. Trade name of a mixture of gelatin, glycerin, oil, and water, used as a base for medi- cated ointments. gel'atose. A hydrolytio product of gelatin. Gelle test (zhel-a') [Georges Gelll, Paris aurist, *i863.] A vibrating tuning-fork is applied over the mastoid process; if it is heard, the air in the external auditory canal is compressed, thereby fixing the stapes in the oval window, and the sound ceases to be heard, but is again perceived if the air pressure is removed; a test of the mobility of the ossicles. gel'ose. The gelatinous constituent of agar-agar. gelother'apy [G. gelds, laughter, -I- iherapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of certain morbid states by inducing hilarity. gelsemine (jel'sfi-men). A crystallizable alkaloid derived from gelsemium ; it has been employed as a mydriatic in a solution of gr. 8 in 5 1. gelsemlnine (jel-sem'I-nen). An amoi-phous alkaloid derived from gelsemium. gelsemium (jel-se'ml-um, gel-sem't-um). (U.S.) The rhizome and roots of Gelsemium semper- virens, yellow jasmine; employed as a sedativ< and antispasmodic in doses of gr. -J-i (o . 03-0 . 06) gelse'miumism. Chronic gelsemium poisoning. gelsem'perin. A concentration product from Gel semiwm sempervirens, used in cerebral congestior and in the delirium of fever, in doses of gr. J-! (0.015-0.06). Gay's su'ture (zha-le') [Jules Aristide GHy, Frencl surgeon, 1806-1861.] A cobbler's suture em. ployed in closing intestinal wounds. gemeU'us [L. dim. of geminus, a twin.] See unde] ■musculus. geminate (jem'i-nat) [L. geminatus, double, paired.^ Occurring in pairs, paired. gemina'tion [L. geminus, twin.] The developmenl of two teeth in a single sac, the follicle containing twin germs. gem'inous. Relating to gemination, noting the growth of two teeth, separate or fused, where normally but one would develop. gemma (jem'ah) [L. bud.] Any bud-like or bulb, like body, especially a taste-bud or end-bulb. gemmation (jem-ma'shun) [L. gemma, a bud.] Bud- ding, a form of fission in which the parent cell does not divide, but puts out a bud-like process (daughter cell) of small size, containing its pro- portion of chromatin, which then separates and begins an independent existence. gemmule (jem'ul) [L. gem-mula, dim. of gem.ma, bud.| 1. Micella. 2. A small bud which projects from the parent cell, and finally becomes detached forming a cell of a new generation. 3 . One of a number of minute spherical enlargements some- times present on the dendrites of a nerve-cell. 4. Determinant. gen (jen) [G. gennao, I produce.] The agent oi hereditary transmission of characteristics ; gene. gena (je'nah) [L.] Cheek, the side of the face. genal (je'nal). Relating to the gena, or cheek. genatosan (jen'S-to-san) . Trade name of a British make of sanatogen. gene (jen) [G. gennao, I produce.] The factor in one or both of the gametes which determines a certain character in the resulting zygote ; gen. geneogenous (je-ne^oj'en-us) [G. genea, birth, + gennao, I produce.] Of parental origin, noting an infection acquired by the fetus in utero from the mother; congenital. gen'era. Plural of genus. gen'eral [L. geji«i(gener-), race, family.] Universal, relating to a genus or large class; relating to the entire body, not local. gen'eralize. To render or to become general; to become systemic, noting a primarily local disease. gen'erate [L. generare, to beget.] i. To produce. 2. To procreate. genera'tion [L. generare, to beget.] i. Procreation, reproduction. 2. Offspring, alter'nate g., a suc- cession of generations of individuals like and unlike the original parents, or an alternation oi sexual and non-sexual generations, asex'ual g., non-sex'ual g., reproduction byfission, gemmation, or in any other way without union of the male and female cell, or conjugation; parthenogenesis sex'ual g., reproduction by conjugation, or the union of male and female cells, sponta'neous g. the assumed origin of living matter de novo, oi from the vitalization of non-living matter. gen'erative. Relating to generation. gener'ic. i. Relating to a genus. 2. General 3. Characteristic or distinctive. generin (jen'er-in). A supposed hormone whicl- induces menstruation. GENESIAL 401 GENU gene'sial. Relating to generation. genesiology (jen-e-sl-ol'o-jl) [G. genesis, generation, + -login. ] The branch of science which has to do with generation or reproduction. gen'esis [G.] Generation, procreation, production, origin. genet'ic. Relating to genesis, origin, or generation. genetics (je-net'iks). The branch of science which deals with natural development, as distinguished from eugenics, or the science of development through artificial selection. Gene'va Conven'tion. An international agreement formed at meetings in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864 and igo6, relating to the safeguarding of the wounded in battle, of those having the care of them, and of the buildings in which they are being treated. The direct outcome of the first of these meetings was the establishment of the Red* Cross Society. Gene'va Lith'ia Spring, New York. Lithiated-alka- line-saline-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in rheumatism, gout, anemia, dyspepsia, renal and vesical calculus, the uric -acid diathesis, Bright 's disease, and general debility. Gengou's phenom'enon or reac'tion (zhon-goo') [O. Gengou, French bacteriologist, contemporary.] Fixation of complement; the removal of all alexin, or complement, from fresh serum by the addition of a compound of a precipitin with its antigen; see Bordet*-Gengou phenomenon. Gengou-Moreschi phenom'enon (zhoii-goo' mor- es'ke) [Carlo Moreschi, Italian pathologist, con- temporary.] Bordet-Gengou phenomenon. ge'nial [G. geneion, chin.] Relating to the chin. g. tu'bercle, a small nodule on the posterior sur- face of the arch of the mandible on either side of the symphysis, spina mentalis [BNA]. ge'nian. Genial geniculate, geniculated (jen-ik'u-lat, jen-ik'u-la-ted) [L. geniculare, to bend the knee.] i. Kneed, bent like a knee. 2. Referring to the geniculum of the facial nerve, noting the ganglion there present, g. neural'gia, tic douloureux of the sensory system of the facial nerve, g. otal'gia, idiopathic otalgia, neuralgic pain in the ear from the sensory system of the facial nerve. genic'ulum [L. dim. of genu, knee.] 1 . A small genu or angular knee-like structure 2. A knot-like structure, g. canalis facia'lis [BNA], the bend in the facial canal corresponding to the g. nervi facialis, g. ner'vi facia'lis [BNA], externa] knee of the facial nerve, a rectangular bend of the facial nerve in the facial canal where it turns backward on the inner side of the tym- panum. ge"mohyogloss'us [G. geneion, chin, -\- hyoeides, y-shaped, hyoid, + glossa, tongue.] See under musculus. geniohyoideus (je"nI-o-hi-o-id'e-us) [G. geneion, chin, + hyoeides, y-shaped, hyoid.] See under muscu- lus. genion (je'm-on) [G. geneion, chin.] The tip of the spina mentalis, a point in craniometry. ge'nioplasty [G. geneion, chin, cheek, -t- plasso, I form.] Genyplasty. i. Reparative, or plastic, surgery of the chin. 2. Plastic surgery of the cheek. genista (jen-is'tah). Broom, the whole plant Genista iinctoria, employed as a diuretic in cardiac and renal dropsy in doses of 5 2-5 (8 , 0-20 . o) of a fluid-extract, and externally in erysipelas. gen'ital.„ Relating to reproduction, or generation. genita'Ua [L. neut. pi. of genitalis, genital.] The genitals. 26 gen'itals. The organs of generation, the reproduc- tive organs. gen"itocru'raI. Genitofemoral, noting the nervus genitocruralis, or nervus genitofemoralis [BNA]. genitofem'oral. Genitocrural, relating to the gen- italia and the thigh, noting the nervus genito- femoralis. genitourinary (jen-l-to-u'ri-na-ri). Urogenital, re- lating to reproduction and to urination, noting the organs concerned in these functions. ge'nius epidem'icus. The influence, atmospheric, telluric, or cosmic, or the combination of any two or three, anciently regarded as the cause of epidemic and endemic diseases. Gennari's band [jen-nah're) [Francisco Gennari, Italian anatomist, eighteenth century.] The outer reinforced portion of Baillarger's band, especially in the region of the cuneus ; same as Vicq-d'Azyr's band. genotype (je'no-tip) [G. genos, race, generation, + typos, type.] The fundamental constitution of an organism with all its hereditary peculiarities. gentian (jen'shyan). See gentiana. g. an'iline wa'ter, g. violet with saturated aniline water, a more effective stain than simple g. violet, g. vi'olet, a purple aniline dye, used as a bacterial stain. gentiana (jen-shi-ah'nah) . (U.S.) Gentian, gen- tianae radix (Br.), gentian root, the dried rhizome and roots of Gentiana. lutea, an herb of southern and central Europe; a simple bitter, employed in loss of appetite and dyspepsia in doses of gr. 10— 30 (0.6-2.0). gentianic acid (jen-shyan'ik as'id) . Gentisin. gentianophil, gentianophile (jen-shi-an'o-fil, jen-shl- an'o-fll) [gentian + G. philos, fond.] Staining readily with gentian violet. gentianoph'ilous. Gentianophil. gentianophobic (jen"shi-an-o-fo'bik) [gentian + G. phobos, fear.] Not taking a. gentian violet stain, or taking it poorly. gentianophobous (jen-shi-an-of 'o-bus) . Gentian- ophobic. gentiopicrin ( jen"shyo-pik'rin) . A glucoside, CjoHggOij, obtained from gentian. gentisic acid (jen-tiz'ik as'id). Gentisin. gen'tisin. Gentianin, gentianic- acid, gentisic acid, CnHijOs, a pale yellow powder obtained from gentian. ge'nu, gen. ge'nus, pi. gen'ua [L.] 1. The knee. 2. Any structure of angular shape resembling a flexed knee. g. cap'sulse inter'nse [BNA], genu, or knee, of the internal capsule, the obtuse angle, opening laterally in the horizontal plane, formed by the union of the two limbs, pars frontalis and pars occipitalis, of the internal capsule. g. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], knee of the corpus callosum, the anterior extremity of the corpus callosum which here folds downward and back- ward on itself, terminating in the rostrum, g. eztror'sum, g. varum, g. inter'num rad'icis ner'vi facialis [BNA], genu, or internal knee, of the root of the facial nerve, the fibers of the root of the facial nerve curving around the abducens nucleus in the pons. g. recurva'tnm, a condition of superextension of the knee, the lower extremity making a curve with concavity looking forward, g. val'gum, knock -knee, in- knee; a deformity marked by abduction of the leg in relation to the thigh, the knee forming an angle with outer surface looking toward its fellow, g. va'rum, bowleg, g. extrorsum, an outward bowing of the legs. GENUCLAST 402 GERMICULTURE genuclast (je'nu-klast) [L. genu, knee, + G. klastos, broken.] An instrument for breaking up adhe- sions in ankylosis of the knee-joint. ge'nucu'bital \h. genu, knee, + cubiium, elbow.] Relating to the knees and the elbows, noting the knee-elbow position.* genupectoral (je-nu-pek'to-ral) [G. genu, knee, -I- pectu5(pecior-), breast, sternum.] Relating to the knees and the chest, noting the knee-chest position.* ge'nus [L. race.] In natural history classification, the division between the order (or family) and the species. genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tral'ji-ah) [G. genys, cheek, + anlron, cave, + algos, pain.] Pain in the antrum of Highmore. genyantritis (jen-e-an-tri'(tre')tis) [G. genys, cheek, -I- antron, cave, + -itisl] Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. genyantrum (jen-e-an'trum) [G. genys, cheek, + antron, cave.] Antrum of Highmore, maxillary sinus. genychiloplasty (jen-1-ki'lo-plas-ti) [G. genys, cheek, + cheilos, lip, -I- plasso, I form.] Reparative surgery of the cheek and lip. gen'yplasty [G. genys, jaw cheek, + plasso, I form.] Genioplasty. x. Reparative, or plastic, surgery of the cheek. 2. Plastic surgery of the lower jaw. geode (je'od) [a hollow pebble containing quartz crystals.] A lymph space, or cavity connected with the general lymphatic system. ge'ofonn, Creoform, kreoform, a colorless insol- uble powder obtained by the action of formalde- hyde upon guaiacol; employed as an antiseptic dusting powder. geophagia (je-o-fa'ji-ah) [G. ge, earth, -|- phago, I eat.] The practice of eating dirt or clay; earth- eating, dirt-eating, chthonophagia, geotragia. geophagist (je-of'a-jist) [G. ge, earth, + phago, I eat.] An earth-eater, dirt-eater. geophagy ( je-of 'a-ji) . Geophagia. geosote (je'o-sot). Guaiacol valerianate. geotax'is [G. ge, earth, + taxis, orderly arrange- ment.] A form of positive barotaxis in which there is a tendency to growth or movement toward or into the earth ; geotropism. geotragia (je-o-tra'ji-ah) [G. ge, earth, + trogO, I munch.] Earth-eating, geophagia, ehthono- phagia. geot'ropism [G. ge, earth, -1- trope, a turning.] Geo taxis. gephyrophobia (jef'i-ro-fo'bK-ah) [G. gephyra, bridge, dyke.] i. Fear of crossing a bridge. 2. Fear of walking along a dyke or a river bank. geraniin (jer-a'ni-ln). An eclectic concentration from the rhizome of Geranium maculatum; a brown powder employed in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). Gera'nium [G. geranion, a crane's bill.] A genus of herbs of the natural order Geraniaceie. G, macula'tum, geranium (N.P.). G. robertianum, mountain geranium, herb Robert, fox geranium; the entire herb is used in decoction, in domestic medicine, as a gargle in catarrhal sore-throat. geranium (je-ra'ni-um) (N.F.). The dried rhizome of Geranium maculatum, spotted cranesbill; as- tringent, employed internally and as an injection; dose, gr. 15 (i.o), or of the fiuidextract nni5 (i.o). Gerdy's fiTjers (zher-de') [Pierre Nicolas Gerdy, Parisian surgeon, 1797-1856.] A thin fibrous band stretching across the roots of the palmar surface of the four fingers, the superficial trans- verse ligament of the fingers. G.'s fontanel', sagittal fontanel.* G.'s hy'oid fos'sa, trigonum caroticum. G.'s interauric'ular loop, a muscular fasciculus in the interauricular septum of the heart, passing backward from the auriculoven- tricular groove. G.'s lig'ament, an aponeurotic band bounding the anterior fold of the axilla. G's. tu'bercle, a tubercle on the outer side of the upper end of the tibia giving attachment to the femoral aponeurosis and some fibers of the tibialis anterior muscle. gereology, gerseology (je-re-ol'o-ji) [G. geraios, old, + -logia.] The branch of medicine which treats of the physiology and pathology of old age; gerontology. Gerhardt's reac'tion (zher-hart') [Charles Fr^d^ric Gerkardt, Parisian chemist, 1816— 1S56.] On the addition of a few drops of a solution of perchlo- ride of iron to urine containing diacetic acid, a burgundy-red color is produced. G.'s test for urobilin in the urine; the urobilin is extracted with chloroform and then treated with iodine and potassic hydrate, a fluorescent green color being produced. Gerhardt's sign (gerTiart) [C. J. Gerkardt; Berlin physician, 1833-1903.] x. The tympanitic reso- nance on percussion over a pulmonary cavity, the long diameter of which is from before backward, is of lower pitch when the patient sits than when he lies ; if the long diameter is from above downward, the reverse is the case. 2. Im- mobility of the larynx in dyspnea due to aortic aneurysm. Ger'hardt-Se'mon law [C. J. Gerkardt; Sir Felix Semon.l In cases of slight lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, the vocal cord lies in a position between abduction and adduction. geriatrics (je-rl-at'riks) [G. geron, an old man, + iatrike, medical treatment.] Treatment of the diseases of old age. ger'il bread. A bread, recommended in diabetes and constipation, containing about 7^ per cent, protein and 9^ per cent, reducing sugar. Gerlach's net'work (ger'lahkh) [Joseph von Gerlack, German anatomist, 1820-1896.] A network formed by the apparent anastomosis of the den- drites of the spinal cord cells. G.'s ton'sil. Eustachian tonsil.* G.'s valve, a fold of mucovis membrane, simulating a valve, sometimes found at the origin of the vermiform appendix. Gerlach's val'vula (ger'lahkh) [Andreas Christian Gerlach, German veterinary surgeon, 1811— 1877.] Ligmentum pectinatum iridis. Gerlier's disease' (zher-le-a') [Felix Gerlier, Swiss physician, *i840.] Paralyzing vertigo, kubi- sagari; an affection, observed by Geslier among Swiss cowherds, and by Miura in Japan, marked by pains in the head and neck, disturbances of vision, with ptosis, vertigo, and temporary weakness or paresis of the extremities. germ (jurm) [L. germen, a sprig.] i. A rudiment, the earliest trace of an embryo. 2. A microbe. germa'nium [L. Germania, Germany.] A grayish white metallic element, symbol Ge, atomic weight 27-S- germ-cell. Ovum germ-disc. Germinal* disc. germ-disease. Any disease due to a microorgan- ism. germici'dal. Destructive to germs. germicide (jur'nil-sid) [L. germen, germ, -I- ctsdere, to kill.] 1. Germicidal. 2. An agent which is de- structive to germs or microbes. ^ germicul'.ure [L. germen, germ, + cultura, cultiva- tion.] The cultivation of microbes. GERMIFUGE 403 GIERKE'S CORPUSCLES gennifuge (jur'ml-£uj) [L. germen, germ, + fugare, to chase away.] Driving away germs, germicide. germinal (jur'rnl-nal). Relating to a germ or to germination, g. disc, germ-disc, gastrodisc, a little heap of cells of the endoderm adherent to the interior of the ectoderm in a gastrocystis. g. rod, sporozoite. g. u'nits, portions of the germ cells which are assumed to have certain specific functions in development, g. ves'icle Purkinje's vesicle, the nucleus of a mammalian ovum. germination (jur-mi-na'shun) [L. germinare, to bud, sprout]. I. The formation of an embryo from an impregnated ovum. 2. The sprouting of the seed of a plant. ger'minatiye. Relating to germination. germ -plasm (jurm'plazm). The substance in the nuclei of the germinal cells of the ovary and testicle resulting from the duplicative division of the cells of the ovum; by this is meant a division whereby each segment is made up of equal and similar determinants and is thus possessed of the same character and capacity as the ovum itself; the id or part of a germ-cell containing the hereditary principle, idioplasm. germ-track. The cell-lineage of the ovum in a developing animal. germ-ves'icle. Gastrocystis, blastodermic vesicle.* gerocomia (jg-ro-ko'nd-ah) [G. geron, an old man, -I- komeo, I take care of.] The hygiene of old age. geroderma (jS-ro-dur'mahJ [G. geron, an old man, + derma, sldn.] i. The atrophic skin of the aged. 2. A cutaneous dystrophy in which the skin is thinned and wrinlded like that in old age. Gerolstein, Prussia (ger'51-stm). Alkaline-carbo ■ nated waters. Used by drinking for the ant acid and diuretic effects. geromarasmus (jg-ro-mar-az'mus) [G. geron, an old man, + marasmos, a wasting.] Senile atrophy or wasting. geromorphism (jS-ro-mor-fizm) [G. geron, an old man, + morphe, form.] A condition of pre- mattire senility. gerontal (jS-ron'tal) [G. geron, old man.] Relat- i ng to an old man, senile. gerontol'ogy [G. gerdn{geront-), an old man, + -hgia.] The science of the physiological and patho ogical changes incident to old age. gerontozon (j6-ron-tok'son) [G. geron, an old man, + ioxon, bow.] Arcus senilis. Gerota's cap'sule (ga-ro'tah) [Gerota, Berlin anatomist, contemporary. } The perirenal fascia. G.'s meth'od, injection of the lymphatics with a dye which is soluble in chloroform or ether but not in water; alkanin, red sulphide of mercury, and Prussian blue are said to be suitable for this purpose. Gersuny's meth'od (gair-zoo'ne) . The cosmetic injection of paraffin. gestation (jes-ta'shun) [L. gesiaiio, from gesiare, to bear.] Pregnancy, fetation, ectop'ic g., develop- ment of the impregnated ovum at some point outside of the uterine cavity; for the varieties of ectopic g., see under pregnancy. Ges'yelst's network. A reticulation of the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber, probably an artefact. Gett'ysburg Springs, Pennsylvania. "Katolysine" and "Lithia" springs. Waters of the former alka- line-calcic; also traces of sulphate of strontium, carbonate of copper, alumina carbonate of nickel, carbonate of cobalt, and sulphate of barium are found. Used by drinking in rheuma- tism, gout, dyspepsia, catarrh of the stomach, and gravel. ghat'ti gum [East Indian.] Gummi indicum. Ghilarducci's reac'tion (ge-lar-doot'che) [Francesco Ghilarducci, Italian physician, contemporary.] Contraction of the muscles of a limb when the active electrode is placed at a distance from them (as at the wrist in the case of the forearm) ; it persists after the other reactions have been lost. Ghon's pri'mary le'sion. A sharply defined bean- sized shadow in the roentgenoscopic picture of the lung, seen in certain cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Giacomini's band (jah-ko-'me'ne) [Carlo Giacomini, Italian anatomist, 1841-1898.] A grayish band of gelatinous appearance forming the anterior extremity of the fascia dentata hippocampi. Giannuzzi's cells, G.'s cres'cents, G.'s dem'ilunes (jahn-noot'tse) [Giannuzzi, Italian anatomist, nineteenth century. J Marginal corpuscles, Heid- enhain's demilunes, small flattened granular cells lying between the basement membrane and the secreting cells of a mucous gland. gi'ant [G. gigas, pi. gigantes.] i. A person of ab- normally large size. 2. Noting anything" of disproportionately large size. gi'ant-cell. A cell of large size, often with many nuclei; a syncytium. gi'ant-co'lon. Excessive dilatation of the colon; Hirschsprung's disease, megacolon. gi'antism. Gigantism, a condition of abnormal size, or overgrowth, of the entire body or of any of its parts. Gib'bon's her'nia or hy'drocele [Quinton V. Gibbon, American surgeon, 1813-1894.] Hydrocele com- plicated with a voluminous hernia. gibbos'ity (gib-osl-tl) [L. gibbosus, htmiped.] i. A hump or gibbus. 2. The state of being humped or hump-backed. gibbous (gib'us) [L. gibbosus.'] Humped, hump- backed. Gibbs' the'orem [Willard Gibbs, English physicist, contemporary.] "Substances which lower the surface tension of the pure dispersion medium, tend to collect in its surface." gibbus (gib'us) [L.] A hump, a hunch; the pro- jection in angular deformity of the spine; the deformity of Pott's* disease. Gibert's disease' (zhe-bair') [Camille Melchior Gibert, Parisian physician, 1797-1866.] Pityr- iasis rosea. Gibral'tar fe'ver. Malta fever. Gib'son's ban'dage [Kasson C. Gibson, New York dentist, contemporary.] A bandage, resembling Barton's bandage, for retaining the bone in frac- ture of the. lower jaw. Gib'son's rule. If the systolic blood pressure, ex- pressed in millimeters of mercury, does not fall below the pulse rate, expressed in beats per minute, the prognosis in pneumonia is good; if it does fall below the pulse rate the prognosis is unfavorable. gid (giddy). Staggers, or sturdy, in sheep. gid'diness. Vertigo. gid'dy. Dizzy, suffering from vertigo. Giemsa stain (gem'zah) [G. Giemsa, Hamburg bacteriologist, contemporary.] A stain for dem- onstrating Negri bodies, the malarial organisms, spirochetes, and other protozoans; compotmd of azur Il-eosin, 30; azur II, 0.8; chemically pure glycerin and chemically pure methyl alcohol, each 250.0. Gierke's cor'puscles (ger'keh) [Hans PauIBemhard Gierke, German anatomist, 1847-J886.] Has- sall's* concentric corpuscles. G.'s respi'ratory bun'dle, tractus solitarius. GIESSHUEBL-PUCHSTEIN 404 GIRDLE Giesshueb--Puchstem or Giesshuebl-Sauerbrunn, Bo- hemia (ges'hu-bl-pookh'stin, ges'hu-bl-zow'er- broon). Alkaline-carbonated water. Used by drinking and bathing in dyspepsia, heartburn, intestinal catarrh, piles, and gout. Gif ford's re'flex [Harold Gifford, American ophthal- mologist, *r858.] Contraction of the pupils when an attempt is made to close the eyes while the lids are held open. G.'s sign, difficulty in everting the upper eyelid in the early stages of Graves' disease. gigantism (ji-gan'tizm). Giantism, abnormal great- ness of size. gigan'toblast [G. gigas, giant, -t- blastos, germ.] A large erythroblast, or nucleated red blood-cor- puscle. gigantochromoblast (ji-gan"to-kro'mo-blast) [G. gi- gas, giant, + chroma, color, + blasios, germ.] Gigantoblast. gigantocyte (ji-gan'to-sit) [G. gigas, giant, + kytos, cell.] 1. A giant cell. 2. An abnormally large erythrocyte. gigantosoma (ji-gan-to-so'mah) [G. gigas(gigant-), giant, -t- soma, body.] Giantism, gigantism. Gigli's opera'tion (jel'ye) [L. Gigli, Italian gynecolo- gist, 1863-1908.] Hebotomy. G.'s saw, a chain saw for use in hebotomy. Gila monster (he'lah) [Gila, a river in Arizona.] A large poisonous lizard, Heloderma suspecium and H. horridum, of New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Gil'bert's sign (zhel-bair') [Augustin Gilbert, French physician, *i858.] Opsiuria, indicating cirrhosis of the liver. Gil'bert's meth'od. Autoserotherapy. Gil'christ's myco'sis [Thomas Casper Gilchrist, American physician, '*i862.] Blastonmycosis. Gilgit, India. Noted as pure water. Coolies who drink this water are not affected with goiter. Gill's ta'ble [Charies Gill, actuary of the N. Y. Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1805-1855.] The first American life table, now superseded by the American Experience Table."" gill-cleft. A branchial* cleft. gillenia (ji-le'ni'-ah) [Arnold Gill, a German botanist.] False ipecac, Indian physic. Bowman's root; the rhizome and roots of Porteranthus trifoliatus and P. stipulatus, an herb of the eastern slope of the Allegheny mountains; expectorant and tonic in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.13-0.3), and emetic in doses of gr. 20-30 (1.3-2.0), gillenin (jil'e-nin). A bitter principle from gillenia, possessing emetic properties. Gilles de la Tourette's disease' (zhel-de-lS-too-ret'). [Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Parisian physician, 1857-1904. A form of tic ; motor incoordination with echolalia and coprolalia. Gill-Wy'lie's opera'tion (gil-wi'le). See Wylie. Gilroy Hot Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- sulpho-carbonated waters, 108° F. to 115° F. One main spring. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, syphilis, glandular swellings, scrofula, and chronic skin eruptions. Gim'bernat's lig'ament [Antonio de Gimbernat, Spanish surgeon, 1742-1790.] Ligamentum lacu- nare. gin [geneva, juniper.] A spirit flavored with juniper- berries, spiritus* juniperi compositus. gin'-drinkers' liver. Hob-nailed liver, atrophic cirrhosis of the liver in a drunkard. gin'ger [L. zingiber.] Zingiber. Chinese g., galanga. gingiva, gen. and pi. gingi'vce (jin-ji'vah) [L.] The gum, the dense fibrous tissue, covered by mucous membrane, which envelops the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. gin'gival. Relating to the gums. gingivally (jin- ji'val-i) . Toward the gums. gingivitis (jin-ji-vi'(ve')tis) [L. gingiva, the gum, + G. -itis.] Ulitis. gingivoglossitis (jin"ji-vo-glos-si'(se')tis) [L. gingiva, gum, -I- G. gldssa, tongue, + -itis.] Uloglossitis, inflammation of both tongue and gums; stoma- titis. ginglyfonn (ging'(jing')gli-form) [G. ginglymos, a hinge-joint, + L. forma, form.] Ginglymoid. gin"glyino-arthro'dial. Noting a joint having the form of both ginglymus and arthrodia, or hinge- joint and sliding- joint. ginglymoid (ging'(jing')gli-moyd) [G. ginglymos, a hinge-joint, + eidos, resembling] Relating to or resembling a hinge- joint. Hinge-joint: Ginglymus, with axis of rotation at A. B, axis of rotation of trochoid, or lateral ginglymus. ginglymus (ging'(jing')gli-mus) [G. ginglymos.] Hinge-joint, a uniaxial joint in which a broad, transversely cylindrical convexity on one bone fits into a corresponding concavity on the other, allowing of motion in one plane only, as in the elbow (see cut), hericoid g., lat'eral g., one in which there is a slight lateral movement during flexion. ginseng (jin'seng) [Ch.] The roots of several species of Panax, esteemed as of great medicinal virtue by the Chinese, but not employed in western medicine. Giovannini's disease' (jo-vahn-ne'ne) [Sebastiano Giovannini, Italian dermatologist, contemporary.] A fungous form of monilithrix. Giraldis' or'gan (zhir-al-das') [Cardozo Cazado Joachim Albin Giraldh, Parisian surgeon of Portu- guese birth, 1808-1875.] Paradidymis. giraffe' [in derision of the stiff and extended neck of a suff'erer from the disease.] Dengue. girdle (gur'dl) [A.S. gyrdei:\ 1. A belt, a zone. z. Cingulum [BNA], see pelvic g. and shoulder g. Nep'tune's g., a wet pack applied around the abdomen, pel'vic g., cingulum extremitatis inferioris, the bony ring, formed of the two in- nominate bones and the sacrum, which articu- lates with the two femurs, shoul'der g., thorac'ic g., cingulum extremitatis superioris, the bony ring, incomplete behind, serving for the attachment and support of the upper extremities; it is formed of the manubrium GIRDLE 40s GLAND sterni and the two clavicles anteriorly and the scapulae posteriorly. gir'dle-senBa'tion. Strangalesthesia, zonesthesia.* gir'dle-test, see under test. Gird'ner's probe [John Harvey Girdner, New York physician, contemporary.] Telephonic probe ; one of the wires of a telephone receiver is attached to a metal probe, the other to a metal plate ; the latter is moistened and placed on the patient's body, with the receiver at the surgeon 's ear; if the probe touches a bullet or piece of metal a click is heard. girth. The measure around the body of a horse a little behind the forelegs. githagism (gith'a-jism). A disease similar to lathyrism, believed to be due to poisoning by seeds of the corn-cockle. Lychnis giihago. gitter cell (git'er sel) [Ger. gilter, lattice, wire net.] A large cell, round or oval in shape, presenting a honeycombed appearance, and packed with a large number of fatty or lipoid granules. Giufirida-Ruggera stig'ma (joof-fre'dah-rood-jer'ah) [Vincenzo Giuffrida-Ruggera, Italian anthro- pologist, contemporary.] Extreme shallowness of the glenoid fossa. gizz'ard. The second or muscular stomach of a graminivorous bird. Gl. Chemical symbol of glucinum. glabel'la, glabel'lum [L. glaber, smooth.] A smooth prominence, most marked in the male, on the frontal bone above the root of the nose about on the level of the upper orbital margins. glabel'lad [L. glabella + ad, to.] Toward the gla- bella. gla'brate. Glabrous. glabrif'icin [L. glaber, smooth, + facere, to make.] A variety of antibody which is assumed to cause a swelling and disintegration of the envelope of a capsulated bacterium, exposing it to the action of lysin. glaTirous [L. glaber, smooth.] Smooth; without excrescences or prominences; bald. glacial (gla'shal) [L. glacialis, icy.] Glassy, resembling ice. g. ace'tic acid, nearly pure acetic acid, acidum* aceticum glaciale. g. phosphor'ic acid, HPOa, monobasic phosphoric acid. gla'diate [L. gladtus, a 'sword.] Sword-shaped, ensiform, xiphoid. gladi'olus [L. dim. of gladius, a sword.] Corpus stemi or body of the sternum, mesostemum, the middle and largest division of the sternum. glair'in [glair, white of egg, from L. clarus, clear.] A gelatinous substance in the water of certain sulphur springs. glair'y. Mucoid, viscous, resembling the white of egg. gland [L. glans, acorn.] A secreting organ. The secretion may be poured out upon the surface or into a cavity, or it may be at once taken into the blood without appearing externally; it may be of service to the economy, in digestion, as a lubricant, etc., or it may be purely excrementi- tious, removing waste and poisonous material from the body. For the glands not defined here, see under glandula. absor'bent g., lymphat- ic g. access'ory g., a small mass of glandular structure, detached from but lying near another and larger gland, to which it is similar in struc- ture and probably in function, acid g., one of the gastric glands secreting the acid of the gastric juice . acinotu'bular g., tubuloalveolar g., one which is both acinous and tubular in structure, acinous g. (as'in-us), racemose g., alveolar g., a g. formed of a number of sac-like pouches arranged in groups opening into a common duct ; or there may be only one such pouch, ag'gregate g., agminated g., a collection of lymph follicles, such as Peyer's patches in the intestine, ag'minated g., aggregate g. albu'minous g., one which secretes a watery fluid containing albumin, alve'olar g., acinous g. a'nal g., one of a number of large sudoriparous glands in the mucous membrane of the anus. anom'alous g., ductless g. anteprostat'ic g., (1) Cowper's g. ; (2) a small g. anterior to the prostate, ap'ical g., anterior lingual g., glandula* lingualis anterior [BNA]. apo'ric g., ductless g. arte'rial .g., glomus, aryt'enoid g., one of a number of mucous glands in the aryepiglottic fold, anterior to the arytenoid cartilage, ax'il- lary g., one of a number of lymph-glands in the axilla, blind g., ductless g. blood g., ductless g. bra'chial g., one of the lymph-glands of the arm and forearm, bron'chial g., one of ten or twelve lymph-glands at the bifurcation of the trachea, lymphoglandula bronchialis. bucc'al g., glandula buccalis. car'diac g., glandula cardiaca. carot'id g., (i) lymphoglandula cervicalis profunda, deep cervical gland, one of a chain of ^ymph-nodes in the deeper parts of the neck; (2) glomus* caroti- cum. ce'liac g., one of several lymph-glands anterior to the abdominal aorta, ceru'minous g., one of the glands in the auditory meatus which secrete the cerumen, cer'vical g., one of the lymph-glands in the neck, circuma'nal g., anal g. closed g., ductless g. coccyg'eal g., Luschka's g., glomus* coccygeum. coe'liac g., celiac g. coil g., a sweat gland, glandula* glomiformis. com'pound g., one composed of several acini grouped around a common duct, conglo'bate g., a lymphatic g. conglom'erate g., an aggregation of glands, racemose g. con'voluted g., coil g. dental g., Serres' g., one of the white points on the gum preceding the eruption of the teeth, a projection of the epithelial layer of the enamel organ, ductless g., one which has no duct, its secretion being absorbed directly into the blood. endoc'rinous g., one which produces an internal secretion, excre'tory g., a gland separating excre- mentitious or waste material from the blood. follic'ular g., follicle, fundus g., one of the true gastric glands secreting the gastric juice, gastric g., glandula gastrica. genal g., glandula buccalis. gen'ital g., (i) testicle; (2) ovary, gin'gival g., an infolding of the epithelium of the gum. globate g., l3rmph-gland. glom'erate g., conglomerate g lymph-gland, glom'erate g., conglomerate g. gutt'ural g., one of the racemose mucous glands of the pharynx, he'mal g., hemolymph g. hematopoiet'ic g., a blood-forming gland, such as the spleen, hem'olymph g., a lymphadenoid structure resembling a lymph-gland, but possess- ing, blood sinuses instead of lymph sinuses; the glands vary in number and position, but for the most part lie embedded in fat tissue and in num- ber are in the proportion of from 1:20 to 1:50 of ordinary lymph -glands ; they are of the size of a small pea; they are of two types; called by Warthin splenolymph and marrow-lymph glands. hi'bemating g., the mass of fat which collects be- tween the kidneys in hibernating animals, toward the end of stimmer. in'guinal g., one of the lymph-glands of the groin, intersti'tial g., one of Leydig's cells, secreting cells in the inter- stitial substance in the testicle, supposed to - furnish the hormone which presides over the de- velopment of the male characteristics, jn'- gular g., Virchow's* g. lentic'ular g., see glandula gastrica. lymph g., lymphoglandula. marrOw- lymph g., a type of hemolymph g., resembling GLAND 406 GLANDULA the bone marrow in structure and probable function, mesenter'ic g., one of the lymph- glands of the mesentery, mil'iary g., sweat gland, mixed g., a gland secreting both mucus and saliva, molar g., one of four or five large buccal glands in the neighborhood of the last molar tooth, mucilag'inous g.» one of the synovial villi, supposed by Havers to secrete the s3Tiovia. mucip'arous g., mucous g., a gland secreting mucus, odoriferous g,, a gland, such as Tyson's* g., the secretion of which has a strong odor, oil g., sebaceous g. oz3m'tic g., acid gland, see glandula gastrica. paratine g., one of the mucous glands in the roof of the mouth. pal'pebral g., glandula tarsalis [BNA], pec'- toral g., one of the l3miph-glands lying along the course of the long thoracic artery, peptic g., a pepsin-secreting g., see glandula gastrica. perspi'ratory g., sweat g., coil g. phaiyn'geal g., guttural g. pilous g., a sebaceous g, emptying into the hair-follicle, pin'eal g., corpus pineale [BNA]. pitu'itary g,, hypophysis cerebri [BNA.] prepu'tial g., Tyson's* g. prostate g., see prostate. pylor'ic g., one of the gastric glands situated in the neighborhood of the pylorus, rac'emose g., one, ] ke the parotid, formed of a number of branching ducts terminating in acini, sacc'ular g., a single acinous g. seba'ceous g,, sebif erous g., a g. which secretes an oily matter, serous g., a salivary gland, such as the parotid, which secretes a thin, watery fluid, sex'ual g., genital g. sol'itary g., one of the follicular glands of the intestine. sple'nolymph g., a type of hemolymph g. resem- bling the spleen n structure and probable func- tion, staph'yline g., palatine g. sublin'gual g., glandula sublingualis, submax'illaiy g., glandul.% submaxillaris. sudoriferous g., sudorip'arous g., coil g., one of the glands of the skin secreting the sweat, suprare'nal g., glandula suprarenalis [BNA]. sweat g., sudoriferous g. tarsal g. , tarsoconjunc'tlTal g., Meibomian g. , glandula* tarsalis [BNA]. tracho'ma g., one of a number of lymphoid glands in the palpebral conjunctiva, Bruch's glands, tu'bular g., one composed of one or more tubules ending in a blind extremity. tympan'ic g., glandula tympanica. ure'thral g., glandula urethralis. u'terine g., one of a number of tubular glands in the uterine mucous mem- brane, vag'inal g., one of the mucous glands in the mucous membrane of the vagina, vas'cular Sm (i) glomus; (2) hemolymph g. vestib'ular g., (i) glandula vestibularis major; (2) glandula vestibularis minor, vulvovag'inal g., Bartho- lin's g. absence, anadenia. ceus .orming, auenooiasts. defi- cient activity* adenasthenia. description of* adenog- raphy, destruction* adenolysis. disease of* adenop- athy, adenosis. dislocation, adenectopia, adeno- diastasis. dissection* adenotomy. excision of* aden- ectomy. formation of* adenogenesis. hardening, adeno- sclerosis. incision* adenotomy. increased activity, adenohypersthenia. inflammation* adenitis, bubo* adenocelluHtis, adenophlegmon, nerve-cell regulating* adenoneure. obstruction, adenemphraxis, pain, adenalgia, adenodynia. resembling, glanduHform, adenoid, adeniform. science of, adenology. separa- tion of lobes* adenodiastasis. BOitening, adenomalacia. treatise on, adenography, adenology. tumor* adenon- cus, adenoncosis, adenoma, adenophyma, adenocele, adenocyst; tumor containing gland structure, denoted by the prefix adeno-, as adenomyoma, adenochon- droma, etc. gla«idebalffi (glan-deb'S.-le) [L.] The axillary hairs, hirci. glanderous (glan'dur-us). Relating to glanders. glanders (glan'durz) [L. glandula, gland.] The form of equinia in which the mucous memtrane of the nose is chiefly involved, g. bacil'lus, Bacillus mallei. glandilem'ma [L. glandula, gland, + G. lemma, sheath.] The enveloping membrane or capsule of a gland, glandula (glan'du-lah) [L. dim. of glans, an acorn (a gland).] A gland; a glandule or small gland. g. angula'ris* g. submaxillaris. g. areola'ris [BNA], areolar gland, Montgomery's gland, one of a number of cutaneous glands forming small, rounded projections from the surface of the areola of the mamma. g. atrabilia'ris* g. suprarenalis. g, basila'ris* pituitary gland, hypophysis [BNA], g. bronchialis [BNA], one of the numerous mucous glands in the tunica mucosa of the bronchi. g. bucca'Iis [BNA], one of numerous racemose glands in the submucous tissue of the cheeks. g. bulbourethra'lis [BNA], one of two small com- pound racemose glands, lying side by side at the posterior portion of the membranous urethra at the level of the apex of the prostate just above the bulb of the corpus spongiosum; they discharge through a minute duct into the spongy portion of the urethra. g. cardi'aca, one of the branched tubular glands of the stomach, most numerous near the esophageal opening, which secrete mucus. g. carofica* (i) glomus caroticum; (2) lympho- glandula cervicalis profunda. g. cerumino'sa [BNA], ceruminous gland, one of the modified sudoriparous glands in the external auditory meatus secreting the cerumen or ear-wax. g. cilia' ris [BNA], ciliary gland, gland of Moll, one of a number of modified sudoriparous glands in the eye- lids, opening on the edges between the eyelashes. g. circumana'lis [BNAl, one of the large sweat glands surrounding the anus. g. corii* faucial tonsil. g. concre'ta* the upper or orbital portion of the lacrymal gland, g. lacrimalis superior. g. cu'tis [BNA], any one of the glands of the skin. g. duodena'lis [BNA], one of the duodenal glands or glands of Brunner, small acinotubular glands resembling the pyloric glands of the stomach. g. foram'inis obturato'rii* a lymph-gland on the inner side of the obturator membrane. g. gas'trica [BNA], one of the secreting glands of the stomach; these are of three kinds: the true gastric glands or fundus glands, the car: iac, and the pyloric glands; the true gastric glands (peptic and oxyntic) secrete the gastric juifce; the pyloric and cardiac secrete mucus; there are also collections of lymphoid tissue, resembling the solitary glands of the intestine, called lenticular glands. g. glomifor'mis [L. glomus, a knot or skein, + forma, shape, form], coil gland; a tubular gland of the skin, the blind extremity of which, the secretory part, glomerulus, is coiled in the form of a ball of worsted; the sweat glands are coil glands. g. innomina'ta, (i) caruncula myrtiformis; (2) the lower or palpebral portion of the lacrymal gland, g. lacrimalis inferior. g. intercarofica, glomus caroticum. g. intestina'lis [BNA], one of the intestinal glands, follicles, or crypts of Lieberkuhn; tubular glands in the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines. g. labia'lis [BNA], one of a number of glands, labia] glands, forming a layer in the submucous tissue of the lips. g. lacrimalis [BNA], lacyrmal gland, one of two glands, superior and inferior, lying in the outer angle of the orbit, which secrete the tears; the superior gland is much the larger of the two. g. lacrima'lis accessc'ria [BNA], accessory lacrymal gland, one of a number of minute mucous glands in the conjunct va and the lids, secreting a watery fluid. g. lactif era, mamma. g, larynge'a, one of the large number of muciparous glands in the mucous membrane of the larynx; they are called, according to their situation, glandules laryn- gecB anteriores, gl. I. media, and gl. I. posteriores, g. Ungua'lis, g. sublingualis. GLANDULA 407 GLA^S g. lingua'lis ante'rior [BNA], gland of Blandin, gland of Nuhn, apical gland; one of a number of small racemose glands in the muscular tissue of the under surface of the tongue, near the lip, g. mazilla'xis, g. submaxillaris. g. mola'ris, one of four or five mucous glands in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the cheek near the termination of Stenson's duct. g. muco'sa [BNA], Krause's gland, one of the mucous glands of the conjunctiva. g, nasa'lis [BNA], any one of the glands, mucous or olfactory, in the nasal mucous membrane. g. oesophage'a [BNA], esophageal gland, one of a number of mucous glands in the mucous membrane of the esophagus. g. olfacto'ria [BNA], one of numerous tubular and sometimes branched glands (Bowman's glands), in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal g. orbita'ria, g. lacrimalis. g. palati'na [BNA], one of a number of racemose glands in the posterior half of the submucous tissue covering the hard palate. g. paratbyreoid'ea, parathyroid gland, epithelial body, one or two small, bean-sized bodies on the posterolateral surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. g. paraurethra'lis* one of a number of mucous glands in the wall of the female urethra. g. paro'lis [BNA], parotid gland, the largest of the salivary glands; one of two glands situated below and in front of the ear, on either side, extending from the angle of the jaw to the zygoma and backward to the sternocleidomastoid muscle; it discharges through Steno's, or Stenson's, duct, ductus parotideus. g. paro'tis accesso'ria [BNA], accessory parotid gland, g. socia parotidis, an occasional islet of parotid- gland tissue separate from the mass of the gland, ly- ing anteriorly just above the commencement of the parotid duct. g. pharynge'a [BNA], one of the racemose mucous glands beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx. g. pinea'lis, pineal gland, corpus* pineale [BNA]. g. prsehyold'ea, an accessory thyroid gland sometimes found anterior to the hyoid bone. g. prEeputia'lis [BNA], Tyson's gland, one of the sebaceous glands of the corona glandis and inner surface of the prepuce. g. pros'tata ante'rior, anteprostate gland. g. pros'tata mulieb'ris, spongy tissue at the orifice of the meatus urinarius in the female, corpus glandulosum. g. pylor'ica [BNA], one of the branched tubular glands of the stomach, most numerous near the pylorus, secreting mucus. g. saiiva'lis abdom'inis, pancreas. g. saliva'lis exter'na, g. parotis. g. saliva'lis inter' na, g. sublingualis and g. submaxil- laris regarded as one. g. seba'cea [BNA], sebaceous gland, one of a large number of glands in the corium, which open into the hair follicles and secrete an oily, semifluid substance, sebum cutaneum. g. so'cia parofidis, g. parotis accessoria [BNA]. g. sublingua'lis [B N A], one of two salivary glands in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, discharging through the ducts of Rivinus, or Rivini, ductus sub- Unguales minores. g. submazilla'ris [BNA], one of two salivary glands in the neck, in the submaxillary region in the space between the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the jaw; it discharges through the duct of Wharton, ductus submaxillaris. g, sudorifera [BNA], sudoriferous gland, sweat gland, g. sudoripara, one of the coil glands of the skin secreting sweat. g. sudorip'ara, sudoriparous gland, sweat gland, g. sudorifera [BNA]. • g. suprahyoKd'ea, g. prEehyoidea. g. suprarena'lis [BNA], adrenal body or gland, suprarenal body, capsule, or gland; a flattened, roughly triangular body resting upon the upper end of each kidney; it is one of the ductless glands furnishing an internal secretion, one effect of which is an increase in blood-pressure. g. BUprarena'lis accessc'ria* accessory suprarenal gland, one of a number of isolated, often minute, masses of suprarenal tissue sometimes found near the main gland or in the broad ligament or the epididymis. glan'dulee suprarenales sic'cse, suprarenalum siccum (U.S.), dried suprarenals, desiccated suprarenal glands, dried and powdered suprarenal glands of animals used for food by man; recommended in Addison's disease in doses of gr. 3-5 (0 2-0,3) in capsules. g. tarsalis [BNA], tarsal gland, Meibomian gland, one of a number of sebaceous glands between the tarsus and conjunctiva of each eyelid, discharging at the edge of the lid nea the posterior border. g. tartar'icat one of numerous little masses of concentrically arranged epithelial cells in the gums of the newborn. g. thyreoitd'ea [BNA], thyreoid or thyroid gland or body; a ductless gland lying in front and to the sides of the upper part of the trachea. It is of horseshoe shape, consisting of two lateral lobes joined by a narrow central portion, the isthmus; occasionally an elongated offshoot, the pyramidal lobe, passes upward from the isthmus in front of the trachea. It is sup- plied by branches from the external carotid and sub- clavian arteries, and its nerves are derived from the middle and infer or cervical ganglia of the sympathetic. See also thyroid* gland. g. thyroid'ea accesGo'ria [BNA], an isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, some- times present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone i,g. t. o. suprahyoidea) , or even as low down as the arch of the aorta. glan'dulse th3rroid'e£e sic'cse, thryoideum siccum (U.S.), dried thyroids, desiccated thyroid glands, the dried and powdered thyroid glands of animals used for food by man; employed in myxedema, cretinism, cancer, and disorders of metabolism, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06- 0.2). g. tympan'ica (i) [BNA], one of the mucous glands in the mucosa of the tympanum; (2) a small reddish, ganglionic mass lying on Jacobson's nerve in the tym- panic canal, regarded by Krause as a ductless gland. g. urethra'lis [BNA], one of numerous mucous glands (glands of Littr^) in the wall of the pars cavernosa urethras. g. uteri'na [B N A], uterine gland, one of a number of tubular glands in the uterine mucosa. g. vesica'Us [BNA], one of a number of mucous follicles, not true glands, in the mucous membrane near the neck of the bladder, g. estibula'ris major [BNA], Bartholin's gland, Tiedemann's gland, one of two glands on either side of the lower part of the vagina, the equivalent of Ck)wper's glands in the male. g. vestibula'ris mi'nor [BNA], one of a number of minute mucous glands opening on the surface of the vestibule between the orifices of the vagina and urethra. glan'dular. Relating to a gland. glan'dule. A small gland. glan'dulous. Glandular. glans [L. acorn.] i. A gland. 2. Goiter. 3. In botany, a nut. 4. See the subtitles, g. cUtor'- idis, a small mass of erectile tissue capping the body of the clitoris, g. pe'nis, the conical expan- sion of the corpus cavemosum urethrse (corpus spongiosum) which forms the head of the penis. Glase'rian ar'tery [Jean Henri Glaser, Swiss anato- mist, 1629-1675.] Tympanic artery. 6. fis'sure, fissura petrotympanica. Glas'gow's sign. A systolic murmur heard over the brachial artery in aneurysm of the aorta. glass [A.S. glas.] A transparent brittle substance, a compound of silica with various bases, crown g., a compound of lime, potash, alumina, and silica, flint g., contains lead oxide in place of lime and is more refractive than crown g. ; both crown and flint g. are used in lenses, soruble g., water g., a silicate of potassium or sodium, soluble in hot water but solid. at ordinary tem- peratures ; used for fixed dressings. GLASS-BODY 408 GLOBINOMETER glass-bod'y. The transparent portion of the demilune* body. glasses. Spectacles; lenses of various diameters for correcting refractive errors in the eyes. See lens. glass'y. Vitreous, hyaline; smooth and shining. Glau'ber's salt [Johann Rudolph Glauber, German chemist, 1603-1668.] Sodium sulphate. glaucoma (glaw-ko'mah) [G. glaukos, greenish gray.] A disease due to increase of the fluids of the eye- ball, raising intraocular pressure. ab'solute g., the final stage of blindness in g. congen'ital g., buphthalmos. g. ful'minans, a form in which the symptoms develop with great rapidity,, blindness sometimes ensuing in less than a day. sec'ond- ary g., g. occurring as a complication or sequel of some other ocular disease or injury. ' sim'ple g., occurs without inflammatory symptoms. glaucomatous (glaw-ko'mS-tus). Relating to glaucoma. glaucosuria (glaw"ko-su'r(-ah) [G. glaukos, bluish green, -t- ouron, urine.] Indicanuria, so called on account of the bluish green color of the urine. gleet. A slight chronic discharge of thin mucopus from the urethra, following gonorrhea, nasal g., see under nasal. gleety (gle'ti). Relating to gleet. Glen Al'pine Min'eral Springs, California. Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters, 39.6° F. Used internally in dyspepsia, torpidity, of the bowels, and in renal and cystic disorders. Glen Al'pine Springs, Tennessee. Chalybeate waters. Four springs.' Used by drinking in anemia, digestive disorders, hay-fever, and general de- bility Gl£nard's disease' (gla-nar') [Frantz GlSnard, French physician, 1848-1920.] Enteroptosia. G.'s test, girdle test.* Glenn Spring, Tennessee. Alkaline -ferruginous- carbonated waters. Used by drinking in dis- orders of the digestive tract, liver, and kidneys. Glenn Springs, South Carolina. Alkaline-calcic- lithiated waters. Used by drinking in disorders of the digestive tract, dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysen- tery, piles, torpidity of the liver, "biliousness," and in the diseases of women. glenohumeial (gle-no-hu'mur-al) . Relating to the glenoid cavity and the humerus. gle'noid [G. glene, a socket, + eidos, appearance.] Resembling a socket, noting two articular depressions entering into the formation of the shoulder-joint and the articulation of the jaw. g. cav'ity, g. fos'sa, (i) a hollow formed by the g. surface of the external angle or head of the scapula and the g. ligament, which receives the head of the humerus ; (2) fossa mandibularis of the temporal bone which receives the condyle of the mandible, g. lig'ament, (i) a ring of dense fibrous tissue attached to the margin of the gle- noid surface of the scapula, forming with the latter the g. fossa or cavity, labrum glenoidale [BNA]; (2) Cru->'eilhier's ligament, on the plantar surface of each metatarsophalangeal articulation, g. sur'f ace, a slightly concave oval surface on the head of the scapula, forming with the g. ligament the g. fossa. Glenola Springs, Virginia. Light iodic-alkaline- carbonated waters, 48° F. Several springs. Used by drinking in rheumatism, dyspepsia, and renal disorders. Glenospora (gle-nos'po-rah) [G. glene, honeycomb, -I- sporos, seed.] A genus of polymorphous fungi, one species of which, G. graphii, has been found in cases of otomycosis. glenosporosis (gle-no-spo-ro'sis) . An affection caused by the presence of a species of fungus of the genus Glenospora. Glen Springs, New York. Calcic ; saline-chalybeate j muriated-saline ; saline - calcic - iodo - bromated ; f erro-iodo-bromo-muriated-carbonated waters. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, sciatica, glandular affections, chronic heart disease, disorders of the stomach, intestines, and liver, renal diseases, glycosuria, anemia, neurasthenia, and the diseases of women. The entire year. Glen Summit Springs, Pennsylvania. Very pure and palatable waters suitable for domestic purposes ; used for drinking. Cold. A summer resort. Glen'wood Springs, Colorado. Muriated-saline-sul- phureted-carbonated waters, 124.2° F. to 126.4° F. Upwards of 12 springs. Used by bathing in rheumatism, gout, renal and cutaneous diseases, pulmonary trouble, and gene^-al debility. The entire year. Gley's cells (gla) [M. E. Gley, French physi- ologist, contemporary.] Cells in the interstitial tissue of the testicle. G.'s glands, para- thyroids. gli'a [G. glue.] Neuroglia. gli'acyte [G. kyios, cell.] A neuroglia cell. gli'adin, gli'adine [G. glia, glue.] i. Glutin, a pro- tein separable from wheat-gluten. 2. A member of a group of simple proteins insoluble in water, absolute alcohol, and neutral solvents, but soluble in 70 to 80 per cent, alcohol; so called after the most conspicuous member of the group. gliobacte'ria. Bacilli in a zooglea mass. gliococc'us. A micrococcus in a zooglea mass. glio'ma, pi. glio'mata, glio'mas [G. glia, glue, -|- -oma.l ±. A tumor formed of neuroglia cells. 2. A sarcoma springing from neuroglia, especially a sarcoma of the retina, g. endoph'ytum, a g. of the retina starting from the inner layers, g. ex- oph'ytum, a g. of the retina starting from the outer layers, g. sarcomato'sum, gliosarcoma. g. telangiecto'des, a g. containing a great number of dilated blood-vessels. gUomatosis (gli-o-mah-to'sis). Hyperplasia of neu- roglia elements. glio'matous. Relating to a glioma. gliomyxo'ma. A mixed glioma and myxoma. glioneuro'ma. A mixed tumor partaking of the characters of both glioma and neuroma. glio'sa [G. glia, glue.] The gray substance of the spinal cord capping the head of the dorsal horn and encircling the central canal. gliosarco'ma. A mixed glioma and sarcoma; a tumor of neuroglia tissue containing numerous imperfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embry- onic cells; glioma sarcomatosum. glio'sis. A condition marked by the occurrence of overgrowth or tumors of the neuroglia, spinal g., syringomyelia. glischrin (glis'krin) [G. glischros, gluey.] A mucin- like substance formed by the Bacillus glischrogenes glischruria (glis-kru'ri-ah) [glischrin + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of glischrin in the urine. Glis'son's cap'sule [Francis Glisson, English physi- cian, 1596-1677.] Capsula fibrosa hepatis. G.'s oirrho'sis, perihepatitis. glissonitis (glis-on-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of Glis- son 's capsule, or the connective tissue surround- ing the portal vein and the hepatic artery and bile-ducts. glo'bin. A histone obtained from hemoglobin. globinometer (glo-bin-om'e-tur) [G. metron, meas- GLOBINOMETEB 409 GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC ■ure.] An instrument for determining the rela- tive proportions of hemoglobin. glo'bon. A nutrient preparation of albumin from nuclein. glob'ular. Spherical, globe-shaped. globular'etin. A decomposition product, CjHjO, of globularin. glob'ularin. An amorphous bitter principle, a glucoside, CisN^jO,, from Globularia alypum, a shrub of southern Europe; it is employed with globularetin, vmder the trade name prasoid, in the treatment of gout and rheumatism. globule (glob'iil) [L. globulus, dim. of globus, a ball.] I. A small spherical body of any kind. 2. A small pill or granule, usually containing an alka- loid; or one of sugar of milk impregnated with a homeopathic remedy. 3. A cell of the blood or lymph. 4. A fat droplet in milk, direct'ing g., extru'sion g., po'lar g., polar body. globulicidal (glob"u-U-si'dal) [L. globulus + ctedere, to kill.] Destructive to the blood-corpuscles, especially the erythrocytes; hemolytic. globulicide (glob'u-11-sid.) i. Globulicidal. 2. An agent which is destructive to the blood- corpuscles. globulif' eroos [L. globulus, globule, 4- ferre, to bear.] Containing globules or corpuscles, especially red blood-corpuscles. globulim'eter [L. globulus, globule, + G. metron, measure.] Cytometer. glob'ulin [L. globulus, globule.] A simple protein insoluble ill pure water, but soluble in a o . 5 to i per cent, solution of a neutral salt, and coagulable by heat; varieties of g. are present in blood, milk, and muscle. globulinuria (glob"u-lin-u'r!(-ah). The excretion of globulin in the urine, usually, if not always, in connection with serum-albumin. globulorysis [L. globulus, globule, -I- G. lysis, solu- tion.] Hemocytolysis. glob'ulus [L.] Globule, g. medulla'ris, nucleus globosus [BNA]. glo'bus [L.] A round body, sphere, ball, globe, g. hyster'icus, a sensation as of a ball in the throat or as if the throat were compressed, occurring in the emotional attacks of major hysteria, and also in minor hysterical conditions, g. ma'jor, caput epididymidis, the upper and larger ex- tremity of the epididymis, g. mi'nor, cauda epididymidis, the lower and smaller extremity of the epididymis, g. pallidus [BNA], pale globe, one of the two inner, smaller, and lighter gray, of the three portions into which the lenti- form or lenticular nucleus is divided by laminae of white substance. glome. I. Glomus. 2. The prominent rounded part of the frog of a horse's hoof on either side of the cleft. glom'erate [L. glomerate, to wind into a ball.] Con- glomerate; noting the usual gland-structure, con- sisting of a mass of capillaries surrounding the secreting cells, as distinguished from the con- globate, or lymph glands. glomer'ular. Relating to a glomerulus; clustered, glomerulate. glomerule (glom'er-ul). Glomerulus. glomerulitis (glom-er-u-li'(!e')tis). Inflammation of a glomerulus, specifically of the renal glomeruli, glomerulonephritis glomerulonephritis (glom-er"u-lo-ne-f ri' (f re') tis) . Parenchymatous nephritis withpronouncedlesions in the glomeruli. glomerulose (glom-er'u-los). Glomerular, glomeru- late. glomer'ulus, pi. glomer'uli [L. dim. of glomus, a skein.] i. A plexus of capillaries. 2. A tuft formed of capillary loops at the beginning of each urinif erous tubule in the kidney ; this tuft with its capsule (Bowman's capsule) constitutes the Malpighian body. 3. The twisted secretory portion of a sweat gland. glo'mus [L. a skin, a ball.] A conglomeration or plexus of minute arteries or veins, g. carot'icum, g. carotid'eum, carotid gland, nodulus inter- caroticus, glandula carotica; a small oval struc- ture, about s mm. in length, lying in the bifurca- tion of the common carotid artery; it is formed of a number of lobules each composed of several glomeruli formed of tufts of capillaries which unite to make an efferent vein ; the capillaries are surrounded by epithelioid cells; the function of the gland is unknown, g. chorioid'eum, chorioid skein, a marked enlargement of the chorioid plexus of the lateral ventricle at the junction of the central part with the inferior horn. g. coccyge'um, coccygeal gland, Luschka's gland, a structure similar to the g. caroticum, situated at the termination of the sacral artery near the tip of the coccyx. glonoin (glo'no-in). Trinitroglycerol, C3H5(NOs)j, nitroglycerin.* glonoinism (glo'no-in-izm). Poisoning by nitro- glycerin, or glonoin. glossa (glos'ah) [G.] Lingua, tongue. glossag'ra [G. glossa, tongue, + agra, a seizure.] Glossalgia of gouty origin. gloss'al. Relating to the tongue. glossal'gia [G. glossa, tongue, + algos, pain.] Glos- sodynia, pain in the tongue. glossan'thrax [G. glossa, tongue, -f- anthrax, a live coal.] Carbuncle of the tongue. glossec'tomy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- ektome, excision.] Elinguation, excision or amputation of the tongue. Glossi'na [G. glossa, tongue.] A genus of biting flies, tsetse flies. G. mor'sitans, the agent in the transmission of Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite of nagana, a fatal cattle disease of South Africa, and of r. rhodesiense, one of the pathogenic agents of sleeping sickness. G. pallid'ipes, a species which, like G. morsitans, also transmits the para- site of nagana. G. palpa'lis, a species of G. which transmits Trypanoso-ina gambiense, one of the pathogenic parasites of sleeping sickness. glossitis (glos-si'(se')tis) [G. 'gZo«o, tongue, + -iiis.} Inflammation of the tongue, g. area'ta exfoliati'- va, geographical tongue, g. desic'cans, a painful affection of the tongue, of unknown origin, in which the surface becomes raw and fissured, g. parasitica, glossophytia, black tongue.* glossocele (glos'o-sel) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- kele, tumor, hernia.] Protrusion of the tongue from the mouth owing to its excessive size. glossocinesthetic, glossocinaesthetic (glos"o-sin- es-thet'ik) [G. glossa, tongue, -|- kinesis, move- ment, -t- disihetikos, perceptive.] Noting the subjective sensation of the movements of the tongue. gloss"odynamom'eter [G. glossa, tongue, -I- dynamis, power, + metron, measiire.] An apparatus for estimating the contractile force of the tongue muscles. glossodyn'ia [G. glossa, tongue, + odyne, pain.] Glossalgia, pain in the tongue. glossoepiglottic, glossoepiglottidean (glos"o-ep-i-glot'- ik, glos"o-ep-I-gl6-tid'e-an). Relating to the ton- gue and the epiglottis, g. folds, three folds of mucous membrane, pliccB epiglotticts, pass- ing from the base of the tongue to the epiglot- GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC 410 GLUTOFORM tis. g. lig'ament, an elastic ligamentous band passing from the base of the tongue to the epi- glottis in the middle g. fold. gloss'ograph [G. glossa, tongue, + graphs, I write.] An instrument for recording the movements of the tongue in speaking. glossohyal (glos-o-hi'al) . Relating to the tongue and the hyoid bone, hyoglossal. gloss'okinesthet'ic, glossokinssthefic. Glossocin- esthetic. glossology (glos-ol'o-ji) [G. glossa, tongue, + -logic] Glottology. i. The branch of med- ical science dealing with the tongue and its diseases. 2. The definition of the terms of any science, the science of nomenclature, ono- matology. glossolysis (glos-ol'i-sis) [G. glossa, tongue, + lysis, a loosing.] Paralysis of the tongue, glossoplegia. glossopalati'mis. See under musculus. glossop'athy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- pathos, suffering.] A disease of the tongue. glossophaiyngeal (glos"o-far-in'je-al). Relating to the tongue and the pharynx. gloss"ophaiynge'us. See under musculus. glossophytia (glos"o-fi'tI-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- phyton, plant.] Black tongue,* nigrities linguse. glossophyton (glos"o-fi'ton) [G. glossa, tongue, H- phyion, plant.] A fungus found in the epithelial debris in cases of nigrities linguae or black tongue.* gloss'oplasty [G. glossa, tongue, + plasso, I form.] ' Reparative or plastic surgery of the tongue. glossoplegia (glos^'o-ple'ji-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, + plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the tongue, glossoly- sis. glossorrhaphy (glos-sor'3.-fl) [G. glossa, tongue, -1- rhaphe, seam.] Suture of a wound of the tongue. glossospasm (glos'o-spazm) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- spasmos, spasm.] Spasmodic contraction of the tongue. gloss'otilt [G. glossa, tongue, -t- tilld, I pull.] An instrument for making traction on the tongue. glossot'omy [G. glossa, tongue, -I- tome, incision.] Any cutting operation on the tongue. glossotrichia (glos-o-trikl-ah) [G. glossa, tongue, -I- thrix(irich-), hair.] A condition in which the papillae of the tongue are greatly elongated, hairy tongue. glott'ic. Relating to (i) the tongue or (2) the glottis. glottis (glot'is) [G. glottis, aperture of the larynx.] The vocal apparatus of the larynx, consisting of the labia vocalia, or folds of mucous membrane investing the vocal ligament and vocal muscle on each side, the free edges of which are the vocal cords, and of a median fissure, the rima glottidis. false g., g. spuria, g. respirato'rie, pars intercartilaginea [BNA], the posterior portion of the rima glottidis between the aryte- noid cartilages, g. spu'ria, false glottis, rima vestibuK, the interval between the false vocal cords, g. ve'ra, true glottis, rima glottidis, the interval between the true vocal cords. g, voca'Us, pars intermembranacea [BNA], the anterior portion of the rima glottidis between the vocal cords, true g., g. vera. glottitis (gl6-ti'(te')tis). Glossitis. glottol'ogy [G. glossa, glotta, tongue, -t- -logia.] Glossology. glu'case. A ferment converting starch into glucose. glu'cln. Trade name of sodium amidotriazin- sulphonate, a sweetening substance similar to saccharin. glucl'num [G. glykys, sweet.] A chemical element, symbol Gl, atomic weight 9.1; a white metal be- longing to the alkaline earths ; called also beryllium' glucohe'mia, glucohae'mia. Glycosemia. glucorysis Glycolysis. glucoprotein (glu"-ko-pro'te-in). Glycoprotein. gluco'samine. Glycosamine. gluco'sazone. See phenylglucosazone. glucose (glu'kos) [G. gleukos, sweet new wine.] Grape sugar, dextrose.* The glucose of the U.S. P. (glucosum) is defined as a thick syrupy liquid obtained by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch, composed mainly of dextrose and various dextrins. glucoside (glu'ko-sid). The name of a class of sub- stances in plants, often forming the active thera- peutic principle, .which can be resolved into glu- cose and an acid. glu'cosin. Trade name of a non-saccharine sub- stitute for sugar. gluco'sum (U.S.) [G. gleukos, sweet new wine.] Glucose. glucosu'ria. Glycosuria. glu'cusimide. Glusidum. Gluge's cor'puscles (gloo'gsh) [Gottlieb Gluge, Belgian histologist, 1812-1898.] Large pus cells containing fat droplets, products of degeneration of red blood-cells, bacteria, etc. glu'lol. Trade name for formalin-gelatin, a whitish granular powder prepared by the action of formic aldehyde on gelatin ; used as an antiseptic dressing. glume [L. gluma, husk.] The bract of any of the grasses. gluside, glusidum (glu'sid, glu'si-dum) (Br.). Glu- cusimide, glucide, benzosulphinidum (U.S.), saccharin, a sweet imide derived from toluene, employed as a substitute for sugar in cases of diabetes mellitus and obesity. glutae'us, glute'us. See tmder musculus. glutamic acid (glu-tam'ik as'id). An amino-acid occurring as a decomposition product of protein, COOH.CH.NH2.CH2.CH2.COOH. glutan'nin. Trade name of a compound of tannin and vegetable albumin, recommended as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-15 (o . 6-1 . o) three or four times a day. gluteal (glu'te-al) [G. glouios, buttock.] Relating to the buttocks, g. ar'tery, arteria glutaea. g. crest, crista glutaea. g. fold, gluteofemoral crease, the crease between the buttock and the thigh. g. line, linea glutaea. g. muscles, see under musculus. g. nerve, nervus glutaeus. g. re- gion, the region of the buttocks, g. ridge, crista glutsea. g. tuberos'ity, tuberositas glutaea. g. vein, vena comes of the g. artery. glu'telln. One of a class of simple proteins occur- ring in the seeds of grain, soluble in dilute acids and alkalies, but not in neutral solutions. glu'ten [L. glue.] Wheat-gum; the insoluble pro- tein constituent of wheat and other grains, a compound of mucedin, gliadin, gluten-fibrin, gluten-casein, and possibly other proteins. gluten-casein (glu'ten-ka'se-in). A protein resem- bling casein, present in gluten. glu'ten-fi'brin. A yellowish protein resembling fibrin, present in gluten. gluteofem'oral. Relating to the buttocks and the thigh, g. crease, gluteal* fold. gluteo-in'guinal. Relating to the buttock and the groin. glute'us. Glutasus; see under musculus. glu'tin. Gliadin (i). glu'tinous. Adhesive, sticky, glutitis (glu-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the mus- cles of the buttock. glu'tofonn. Collaform, glutei, formaldehyde-gela- tin; a white insoluble powder, made by adding GLUTOFORM 411 GLYCOGENOLYSIS formaldehyde to a solution of gelatin; recom- mended as an antiseptic dusting powder. glu'toid. A substance composed of a, mixture of formaldehyde and gelatin, used for making capsuled or coating pills, when it is desired to act especially on the intestinal mucous membrane; the substance dissolves in the intestinal juices but is insoluble in the stomach. glu'tol. Glutoform. glu'tolin. An albuminoid body foimd in small quantity with the paraglobulin precipitated from the blood-plasma by magnesium sulphate. Gluzin'sld's test [Anton Cluzinski, Lemberg physi- cian, contemporary.] For bile: the suspected fluid is boiled in a test-tube with formalin ; when a green color appears hydrochloric acid is added, the color then changing to violet' if bile-pigments are present. glycase (gli'kaz). An enzyme acting on maltose to conyert it into dextrose. glyceleum (gU-sel-e'um) [glycerin + G. elaion, oil.] A mixture of olive oil 6, glycerin 2, and almond meal i ; used as a base for ointments. glyce'mia, glycse'mia. Glycosemia. glycerid, glyceride (gUs'er-id, -id). An ester, or "salt " of glycerol. glycerin (glis'er-in). Glycerinum. g. jell'y, a mix- ture of glycerin, gelatin, and zinc oxide, used ex- ternally in the treatment of certain skin diseases. glyceri'num [G. glykeros, sweet.] (U.S., Br.) Glycerin, glycerol, t. A sweet oily fluid, CsHjCOH),, obtained by the saponification of fats and fixed oils; employed as a solvent, as an application to roughened and chapped skin, and by injection or in the form of suppository for constipation. 2. Same as glyceritum. g. ac'idi bo'rici (Br.), glyceritum boroglycerini (U.S.). g. ac'idi carbol'ici (Br.), glyceritum phenolis (U.S.). glycerite (glis'er-it). Glyceritum. glyceritum, gen. glyceri'ti,-p\. glyceri'ta (glis-er-i'tum). Glycerinum (2), glycerite, glycerol, a pharma- ceutical preparation made by triturating the ac- tive substance with glycerin. (. ac'idi tan'nici (U.S.), glycerinum ac dl tannic! (Br.), glycerite, or glycerin, of tannic acid or of tan- nin; employed externally and internally to meet the indications of tannin; dose, ll]Jio-3o (0.6-2.0). g. alu'minis, glycerinum aluminis (Br.), glycerite or glycerin of alum; employed externally as an astrin- gent. g. am'yli (U.S.), glycerinum amyli (Br.), glycerite or glycerin of starch; employed as an emollient application. g. bismu'thi (N.F.), glycerite of bismuth; each flui- dram (4.0) contains bismuth and sodium tartrate gr. 15 (i.o) in equal parts of glycerin and water; employed as an astringent in gastric and intestinal diseases in doses of 11]38-I5 (0.5-1.0). g, bora'cis, glycerinum boracis (Br.), glycerite or glycerin of borax, employed locally in the treatment of aphthae and other forms of stomatitis. g, boroglyceri'ni (U.S.), glycerinum acidi borici (Br.), glycerite of boroglycerin or of glyceryl borate, glycerin of boric acid; used locally in otorrhea and in uterine congestion. g. f er'ri, quini'nse et strychni'nse phospha'tum, glyc- erite of the phosphates of iron, quinine, and strychnine; employed to make the syrup or given in place of the syrup as a tonic in doses of 15115-60 {i .0-4 .0). g. guai'aci (N.F.), glycerite of guaiac; each dose of IIB30 (z.o) contains guaiac gr. 24 (0.17) and solution of potassium hydroxide 11)32 (0.13) in a solution of glycerin 65 and water 3 s ; alterative and emmenagogue. g, hydras'tis (U.S.), glycerite of hydrastis; astrin- gent and antiphlogistic locally and internally in doses of II)!iS-3o (1.0-2.0). g. pepsi'ni (N.F.), glycerite of pepsin, glycerinum pepsini (Br.); each fluidram (4.0) contains pepsin gr. s (0.3) and hydrochloric acid lilS (o . 04) in equal parts of glycerin and water; digestive in doses of 3i— I (2.0-4.0). g. pheno'lis (U.S.), glycerinum acidi carbolici (Br.), glycerite of phenol, glycerin of carbolic acid; employed locally as an antipruritic and internally as an antiseptic in dose of UPs (0.3). g. pi'cis liq'uidse (N.F.), glycerite of tar; each dose of 5 1 (4.0) contains gr. 4 (0.25) of tar in a mixture of alcohol 12. 5, glycerin 25, and water 62.5; expectorant, and used externally in dermatology. g. plum'bi subaceta'tis, glycerinum plumbi sub- acetatis (Br.), glycerite or glycerin of lead subacetate; employed externally as a substitute for Goulard's extract. g. tragacan'thse (N.P.), glycerite of tragacanth, glycerinum tragacanthas (Br.); a paste of tragacanth, glycerin, and water, used as a pill mass. glycerogelatinum, pi. glycerogelati'na (glis"er-o-jel a-ti'num) (N.F.). Glycerogelatin, gelatinum* gly- cerinatum. g. ac'idi salicyl'ici (N.F.), salicylic acid glycerogelatin; salicylic acid 10, glycerin and water each 35, glycerinated gelatin 20. g. iodo- for'mi (N.F.), iodoform glycerogelatin; iodoform 10, glycerin 15, water 65, glycerinated gelatin 10. g. zin'ci du'rum (N.F.), firm zinc glycerogelatin; zinc oxide 10, glycerin 25, water 35, glycerinated gela- tin 30. g. zin'ci mol'le (N.F.), soft zinc glycero- gelatin; zinc oxide 10, glycerin 35, water 35, glycerinated gelatin 20. glycerol (glis'er-ol). Glycerin, glycerite. glycerophosphates (glis"er-o-fos'fats). Salts of var- ious metals, metallic earths, and alkaloids with glycerophosphorio acid; they are used in depressed states of nutrition of the nervous system. glycerose (glis'er-oz). A sugar formed by the oxidation of glycerin. glyceryl (glis'er-il) \glyceTin + G. hylS, stuff.] Pro- penyl, the trivalent radicle, C,Hj, of glycerol, or glycerin, g. bu'tyrate, C3Hj(C4H,Oj)„ butter-fat. gly'cin. Acidum amido-aceticum. glycobac'ter [G. glykys, sweet, + bakterion, bacter- ■ ium.] A microorganism, found in the intestine of the dog, which converts protein into sugar. glycocholate (gli-ko-kol'at) . A salt of glycocholic acid. glycocholic acid (gli-ko-kol'ik as'id) [G. glykys, sweet, -I- chole, bile.] The chief acid of the bile, occurring in combination with alkalies. • gly'cocin. GlycocoU, acidum* amidoaceticum. gly'cocoll. I. Any one of the fatty amino-acids. 2. Acidum aminoaceticum. trimeth'yl g., betaine. glycofor'mal. A disinfectant solution of glycerin and formaldehyde in water. glycogel'atin. A mixture of glycerin and gelatin, used as a base for ointments. glycogen (gli'ko-jen) [G. glykys, sweet, -I- gennao, I produce.] A carbohydrate (CeHioOj) found in most of the actively functioning cells of the body, especially those of the liver and muscu- lar tissue; it is readily converted into glucose; animal starch. glycogenal (gli-koj'en-al). An animal preparation resembling glycogen; employed as a tonic and bactericide;. dose gr. J— § (0.02-0.04). glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen'e-sis) [G. glykys, sweet, + genesis, production.] The formation of glucose or of glycogen. glycogenet'ic, glycogen'ic. Relating to glycogene- sis, or the function of glucose formation. glycogenolysis (gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis) [glycogen + G. lysis, solution.] The hydrolysis of glycogen, and its conversion into glucose. GLYCOGENOUS 412 GNOSCOPW glycogenous (gli-koj'en-us). Glycogenetic. glycogeny (gli-koj'en-e). Glycogenesis. glycohe'mia, glycohae'mia [G. glykys, sweet, + haima, blood.] Glycosemia, the abnormal pres- ence of sugar, glucose, in the circulating blood. glycoher'oine. Trade name of a cough remedy containing heroine and various expectorants. glycol (gli'kol). I. One of a group of bivalent alcohols which can form two series of esters with monobasic acids. 2. Ethylene glycol, CHs.- OH.CH2OH. g. al'dehyde, diose, the simplest possible sugar, C2H4O2 or CHjOH.COH. glycolu'ric acid. Uramidoacetic acid, hydantoic* acid. glycorysis [G. glykys, sweet, + lysis, a loosening.] The hydrolysis of sugar in the body. glycolyt'ic. Relating to glycolysis; hydrolyzing sugar. glyconeogenesis (gli"ko-ne-o-jen'e-sis) [G. glykys, sweet, + neos, new, -f genesis, origin.] The for- mation of carbohydrates, especially of grape sugar, from substances which are themselves not carbohydrates, such as protein or fat. gly'conin. Trade name of a preparation of yolk of egg and glycerin. glycophe'nol. Saccharin. glycophilia (gli-ko-fU'i-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, -|- philia, fondness.] A condition in which there is a marked tendency to hyperglycemia, this resulting from the ingestion of a very small amount of glucose. glycopolyuria (gli"ko-pol-I-u'ri-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, + polys, much, -i- ouron, urine.] Diabetes mel- litus in which the polyuria is more marked than the glycosuria. glycoprotein (gli"-ko-pro'te-in). Glucoprotein, one of a group of protein-carbohydrate compounds (conjugated proteins), among which the most important are the mucins, mucoid, and amyloid. glycoptyalism (gli-ko-ti'al-izm) [G. glykys, sweet, -H piyalon, saliva.] The excretion of glucose in the saliva. glycorrhachia (gli-kS-rak'J-ah) [G. glykys, sweet, -\- rhachis, spine.] The presence of sugar in the cerebrospinal fluid. glycorrhea, glycorrhoea (gli-kor-re'ah) [G. glykys, sweet, + rhoia, flow.] A discharge of sugar from the body; glycosuria. gly'cosal. Trade name for monosalicylic glycerin- ester; employed as a urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0), and externally in eczema, sciatica, and rheumatism. glycosamine (gli-kos-am'en). A derivative of glucose, CeHisNOs, obtained by the decom- position of chitin. glycosecretory (gli"ko-se-kre'to-rI). Determining the secretion of glycogen. glycose'mia, glycosae'mia [G. glykys, sweet, + haima, blood.] Glucemia, glucohemia, glukemia, glycemia, glycohemia, glykemia, the abnormal presence of sugar in the circulating blood. gly'coside. Glucoside. glycosom'eter [G. glykys, sweet, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the proportion of sugar in the urine in glycosuria. glycosuria (gli-ko-su'rl-ah) [glycose, glucose, -1- G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of sugar (glucose) in the urine. aUmen'tary g., g. appearing after the in- gestion of a moderate amount of sugar, which normally is disposed of without symptoms, phlor'- idzin or phlor'izin g., the presence of sugar in the urine after the experimental administration of phloridzin. glycothy'molin. Trade name of a solution various antiseptics, used as a wash in catarrl troubles of the mucous membranes, and for otl purposes. glycuresis (gli-ku-re'sis) [G. glykys, sweet, ouresis, turination.] Pathological excretion sugar in the urine. glycyltryptophan (gli"sil-trip'to-fan). A synthe protein (dipeptid) containing the molecu radicals of glycin and tryptophan, employed ai test for cancer of the stomach; it is mixed wi the suspected stomach contents and incubat for twenty-four hours, at the end of which tin if a peptidolytic enzyme is present (indicati cancer), tryptophan will have been formed. glycyrrhiza (glis-i-ri'zah) [G. glykys, sweet, -f- rhi. root.] (U.S.) Glycyrrhizse radix (Br.), licori( root or liquorice-root; the dried rhizome a: root of Glycyrrhiza glabra and allied specii demulcent, slightly laxative, and expectorai and also employed to disguise the taste of otl remedies; dose, gr. 15—60 (1.0—4.0). glycyrrhi'zic acid. A brown gelatinous substar of a bitter-sweet taste, obtained from licorice-roi glycyrrhizin (glis-ir'i-zin). Glycyrrhizinum, a sws principle, C^^HjjNOu, the ammonium salt glycyrrhizic acid, precipitated from a hot soluti as a jelly; dried, it occurs as a yellow powc having a bitter-sweet taste. glycyrrhizi'num ammonia'tum (U.S.) Amm niated glycyrrhizin, occurs in reddish broT scales of sweet taste; employed for the same pi poses as other licorice preparations in do£ of gr- 5-15 (o-3-i-°)- glyke'mia, glykse'mia. Glycosemia. gm. Abbreviation for gram, or gramme. Gmel'in's test [Leopold Gmelin, German physiologi 1788-1853.] To the suspected liquid in a te; tube nitric acid containing a little nitrous acid very cautiously added, and if bile (bilirubin) present, at the line of contact of the two liqui are seen a number of colored discs formed by t varying degrees of oxidation ' of the bilirub: the colors being, from the line of contact outwaj yellow, red, violet, blue, green; the green a violet are essential to the vilidity of the test. gnat (nat) [A. S. gntst.] A mosquito, a mid] buffalo g., Simulium. gnathalgia (nath-al'ji-ah) [G. gnathos, jaw, algos, pain.] Pain in the jaw, gnathodynia. gnathic (nath'ik) [G. gnathos, jaw.] Relating to t jaw or alveolar process, g. inMeXj see under ind^ gnathion (nathl-on) [G. gnathos, jaw.] A cran metric point, being the lowest part of the midc line of the mandible. gnathitis (nath-i'(e')tis) [G. gnathos, the lov jaw, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the jaw. gnathocepbalus (nath-o-sef'al-us). A monster w: little of the head parts except the lower jaw. gnathodynamometer (nath"o-di"n&-mom'e-tur) [ gnathos, jaw, -1- dynamis, force, + metrt measure. ] An instrument used in measuring 1 force used in closing the jaws (see cut on p. 41 gnathodynia (nath-o-dinl-ah) [G. gnathos, jaw, odyne, pain.] Pain in the jaw, gnathalgia. gnathoplasty (nath'o-plas-tl) [G. gnathos, jaw, plasso, I form.] Reparative surgery of the jaT Gnathostoma (n&-thos'to-mah) [G. gnathos, ja + stoma, mouth.] A genus of nematoid worr formerly called Chiracanthus; several spec are parasitic in the cat tribe, cattle, and swi: G, siamen'se, a species found in a tumor of 1 skin in a Siamese. gnoscopine (nos'ko-pen). An alkaloid CjjHjjN' GNOSCOPINE 413 GOLGI'S CELL isolated from the mother liquor of narceine, occurring in the form of acicular crystals. gnosia (no'si-ah) [G. gnosis, knowledge.] The perceptive faculty enabling one to recognize the form and the nature of persons and things. Go'a pow'der [Goa, a Portuguese possession on the Malabar Coast of India, to which the drug was brought from Brazil.] Araroba, crude chrys- arobin. The Gnathodykamometer, designed for measuring the strength of the bitd. C and C are rubber pads, which are_ placed between the teeth, and the pressure exerted is registered in pounds by the pointer, E. moving along the scale, D. gob'let-cell. See under cell. Godbold Mineral Well, Mississippi. Chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in diarrhea, dysen- tery, and in disorders of the liver and kidneys. God£lier's law (go-da-le-a') [Charles Pierre Godtlier, French physician, 1813-1877.] Tuberculosis of the peritoneum is always associated with tuber- culosis of the pleura on one or both sides. Godesberg, Germany (go'des-berg). Alkaline-saline- chalybeate waters. Two springs. Used by drinlcing and bathing in anemia, neurasthenia, and diseases of women. May i to September 30. God'frey's cor'dial. Mistura sassafras et opii (N.F.). godovnik boil (g8-dov'nek) [R. godovoy, annual.] Oriental boil.* Goetsch's skin reac'tion (goch) [Emil Goetsch, American physician, *i883.] A test for hyper- thyroidism: following the subcutaneous in- jection into the arm of i c.c. of a 1-2000 solu- tion of epinephrin a white area surrounded by a red areola is formed; in about 30 minutes the white area takes on a bluish gray to lavender tint lasting from 60 to 90 minutes; the red areola then assumes this color which disappears from the center; the lavender areola persists for 2 to 2 1 hours, or 4 hours after the injection; this reaction is indicative of hyperthyroidism and may be accompanied by rapid pulse, palpitation, and an increase in the nervous symptoms. GoSe's opera'tion (gof) [J. Riddle Gofje, gynecologist of New York, *i8si.] An operation for the relief of vaginal cystocele, by freeing the bladder from the vaginal wall, rotating it on its transverse axis and stitching the base to the face of the uterus; the bladder is then attached to the broad ligament on cither side. Goggia's sign (god-jyah). The fibrillation of the biceps muscle, when pinched and tapped, is confined to a limited area in cases of debilitating disease, whereas in health it is general. goiter, goitre (goy'ter) [Fr. from L. guttur, throat.] Bronchocele, struma; a chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to a neoplasm, occur- ring endemically in certain localities, especially mountainous regions, and sporadically elsewhere. aber'rant g., enlargement of a supernumerary thyroid gland, acute' g., one that develops very rapidly, adeno'matous g., an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the growth of encapsulated adenomata within its substance. Basedow'ified g., toxic g. coll'oid g., a form in which the contents of the follicles increase greatly, causing pressure atrophy of the epithe- lium so that the gelatinous matter predominates in the tumor, cys'tic g., bronchocele, an en- largement in the thyroid region due to the presence of one or more cysts within the gland. di'ver g., wandering g,., a freely movable g. which is sometimes above and sometimes below the sternal notch, ezophthal'mic g., Graves' disease, Basedow's, Begbie's, Marsh's, Parry's, Parson's, or Flajani's disease; a disease marked by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, prominence of the eyeballs, rapid action of the heart, muscular tremor, and nervous irritability. follic'ular g., parenchymatous g. lin'gual g., a swelling at the posterior portion of the dorsum of the tongue, due to hyperplasia of the remains of the upper portion of the thyroglossal* duct. parenchy'matous g., a form in which there is a great increase in the follicles with proliferation of the epithelium, subster'nal g., enlargement of the thyroid gland confined chiefly to the lower part of the isthmus, suffocative g., one that by pressure causes extreme dyspnea, tox'ic g., one which forms toxic material or an excessive secretion, giving rise to toxemic symptoms wan'dering g., diver g. gold. The metallic element, aurum.* g. cure, Keeley cure. g. equiv'alent, a unit of power of the protective colloids; the number of milligrams of protective colloid which is just insufficient to prevent the prec'pitation of 10 c.c. of a 0,0053- 0.0058 per cent, gold solution by the action of I c.c. of a 10 per cent, sodium chloride solu- tion, g. sol test, Lange's* test. golden seal. Hydrastis. Goldflam's disease' (golt'flahm) [S. Goldflam, Polish physician, contemporary.] Erb-Goldflam's dis- ease, myasthenia gravis. Gold'hom's stain. A modified Romanowsky stain; a solution is made of lithium carbonate, 2 gm., in water 200 c.c, to which is added methylene blue, 2 gm. ; this is heated and made nearly neu- tral by acetic acid and then a i per cent, eosin solution is added to make a pale blue, slightly fluorescent solution; this is allowed to stand a day and is then filtered; the precipitate is dried and dissolved in wood alcohol to make the stain. Goldscheider's meth'od (g5lt'shi-der) [Alfred Gold- scheider, Berlin physician, *i8s8.] Orthoper- cussion. gold'thread. Coptis. golfer's foot. A painful condition of the foot resulting from a breaking down of the anterior arch, or anterior metatarsal curved area, occur- ring in golfers and others. golf-hole ure'teral or'ifice. A retracted funnel- shaped condition of the ureteral orifice in the wall of the bladder, due often to tuberculosis or a secondary sclerosis of the ureter. Gol'gi's cell (gol'je) [Camillo Golgi, Italian anatomist 1844-1919.] A nerve-cell in the cerebral cortex and posterior columns of the cord, having a short axon which breaks up into very numerous branches but does not emerge from the gray matter; its office appears to be to bring neighbor- ing cells into relation with each other. G.'s cor'puscles, G.'s organs. G.'s fun'nels, G.'s organs. G.'s law, the number of parasites determines the severity of the malarial attack. G.'s meth'od 01 staining nerve-cells and their GOLGI'S CELL 414 GONOCOCCICIDE processes, nerve-fibers, and the neuroglia cells: (a) rapid method (for embryonic specimens) — place in G.'s osmiobichromate solution, wash in distilled water, and dip in a 75 per cent, solution of silver nitrate; (6) mixed method — place in Muller's fluid for 4 or 5 days, then in G.'s osmiobichromate solution for 24 hours, and finally in a 75 per cent, solution of silver nitrate ; (c) slow method — harden in Muller's fluid for 5 or 6 weeks, then stain with (i) a 0.5 per cent, solution of silver nitrate and (2) a o. 75 per cent, solution of silver nitrate, soaking indefinitely in the latter. G.'s or'gans, neuro- tendinous spindles; the beginnings of sensory nerve-fibrils in tendons as rings, spirals, or rami- fying branches on the surface of the tendon-fibers ; they are located at the junctions of the muscular and tendinous fibers. G.'s os"imol)ichro'mate solu'tion, I per cent, osmic acid solution, 2 parts, 8 per cent, potassium bichromate solution, i part. G.'s the'ory, the neurons do not anastomose by the dendrites, but are brought into relation with each other by the arborizations of the neuraxons of G.'s cells and the collaterals of the neuraxons of Deiters' cells. GoU's col'umn [Priedrich Goll, Swiss anatomist 1829-1903.] Fasciculus gracilis [BNA]. G.'s fi'bers, nerve;fibers running from G.'s nucleus to the vermis. G.'s nu'cleus, a collection of gang- lion cells at the proximal extremity of G.'s col- umn in the region of the clava. Gol'onbov's sign. Tenderness on percussion over the epiphyses of the long bones, especially the tibia, in chlorosis. Goltz's exper'iment [Friedrich Leopold Goliz, Ger- man physician, 1834— 1902.] Stoppage of the heart in the frog by blows on the abdomen. go'menol [Gotnen, a locality in New Caledonia, -I- L. oleum, oil.] An ethereal oil obtained from a plant, Melaleuca viridifiora; it is said to have powerful germicidal action and to be free from irritating properties when locally applied. Gom'pertz's hypoth'esis [Benjamin Gompertz, English actuary, 1779-1865.] A theory that the force of mortality increases in geometrical progression; being based on the assumption that the average exhaustion of a man's power to avoid death is such that at the end of equal infinitely small in- tervals of time he loses equal proportions of the remaining power to oppose destruction which he had at the commencement of each of these in- tervals. gomphi'asis [G. gomphios, a molar tooth.] Loose- ness of the teeth, especially of the molars. gompho'sis [G. gomphos, bolt, nail, + -dsis.} Socket articulation ; a form of synarthrosis (syndes- mosis) in which a peg-like proc- ess fits into a hole, as the root of a tooth into the socket in the alveolus. gonacratia (gon-&-kra'shyah) [G. gone, semen, -]- akrateia, incon- tinence.] Spermatorrhea. gon'ad, pi. gon'ades [G. gone, seed.] A germ-gland, sexual gland. fe'mdle g., ovary, male g., testicle. gonadal (gon'&-dal). Relating to a gonad. gon'aduct. i. Seminal duct. 2. Oviduct. gonag'ra [G. gony, the knee, + agra, a seizure.] Gout in the knee. gonal'gia [G. gony, knee, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the knee. GOMPHOSIS. gonangiectomy (gon-an-ji-ek'to mi) [G. gone, seed, -I- angeion, vessel, -I- ekiome, excision.] Excision of a portion of the vas deferens, vasectomy. gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. gony, knee, + arihron, joint, -\ — itis.'\ Inflammation of the knee-joint. gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk'a,-se) [G. gony, knee, + arthron, joint, + kake, vice.] White swelling, tuberculosis of the knee-joint. gonarthTomeningitis (gon-ar"thro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. gony, knee, -f- arihron, joint, -t- meninx, membrane, + -ilis?^ Synovitis of the knee. gonarthrot'omy [G. gony, knee, + arthron, joint, + tome, incision.] Incision into the knee-joint. gonatag'ra [G. gony(gonair-), knee, + agra, seizure.] Gout In the knee. gonatocele (gon-at'o-sel) [G. gony{gonat-), knee, + kele, tumor.] White swelling; tumor of the knee. gonecyst, gonecystis (gon'e-sist, gon-e-sis'tis) [G. gone, semen, -1- kystis, bladder.] Seminal vesi- cle. gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. gone, semen, -I- kysiis, bladder, + -itis.] Inflammation of a seminal vesicle, seminal vesiculitis. gonecystolith (gon-e-sis'to-lith) [G. gone, semen, -I- kystis, bladder, + lithos, stone.] A concretion or calculus in a seminal vesicle. gonepoiesis (gon-e-poy-e'sis) [G. gone, semen, + poiesis, a producing.] The production or secre- tion of semen, spermatogenesis. gonepoietic (gon-e-poy-et'ik). Relating to gone- poiesis, spermatogenic. gonidium, pi. gonidia (g6-nid'if-um, gS-nid'i-ah) [dim. of G. gcme, seed.] i. A chlorophyl-con- taining cell of a lichen. 2. Conidium. go"niocraniom'etry [G. gonia, angle, 4- kranion, skull, -1- metron, measure.] Measurement of the angles of the. cranium. goniometer (go-nl-om'e-ter) [G. gonia, angle, + ?K^(ro«, measure.] i. An instrument for measur- ing angles, as of crystals. 2. An appliance for the static test of labyrinthine disease; it consists of a plank, one end of which may be raised to any desired height; the patient stands upon the plank as one end is gradually raised, and the point is noted at which he can no longer preserve his balance. go'nion [G. gonia, an angle.] The point of the angle of the mandible gonitis (gon-i'(e')tis) [G. gony, knee, -1- -iiis.'] Inflammation of the knee. gonoblennorrhea (gon"o-blen-o-re'ah) . G o n o r - rhea. gonochorism, gonochorismus (gon-ok'o-rizm, gon- ok-o-riz'mus) [G; gonos, seed, sex, -t- chorizo, I separate.] Sexual differentiation. gon'ocide J^onococcus + L. cwdere, to kill.] i. Destructive to the gonococcus. a. An agent which kills the gonococcus. gonococc'al. Relating to the gonococcus, gonococ- cic. gonococcemia, gonococcsmia (gon-o-kok-se'ml-ah) [gonococcus + G. haima, blood.] The presence of gonococci in the circulating blood. gonococ'cic. Relating to the gonococcus, gonococ- cal. gonococcin (gon-o-kok'sin). A glycerin extract of gonococci, used in the cutireaction test for gonorrheal infection. gonococcus, pi. gonococ'ci (gon-o-lcok'us) [go»- orrhea + G. kokkos, berry.] Micrococcus gonorrhaa. gonococcicide (gon-o-kok'sl-sld) [gonococcus + L. GONOCOCCICIDr, 41S GOUT ctBdere, to kill.] Gonocide. i. Destructive to gonococci. 2. An agent which kills the gonococ- cus. gonocyte (gon'o-sit) [G. gonos, seed, + kytos, hollow (cell).] I. A primitive reproductive cell. 2. Lymphoidocyte, myeloblast.* gonohe'niia, gonohse'mia. Gonococcemia. gono-opson'ic in'dez. The opsonic* index in rela- tion to infection with the gonococcus. gon'ophore, gonoph'orus [G. gonos, seed, + phoros, bearer.] i. Any structure serving to store up or conduct the sexual cells ; oviduct, spermatic duct, uterus, or seminal vesicle. 2. In botany, a stalk supporting both male and female organs in an hermaphrodite flower. gonorrhe'a, gonorrhoe'a [G. gonos, semen, + rhoia, a flow.] A specific inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genital tract, acquired usually throiSgh impure sexual intercoiurse, and due to the presence of the gonococcus. gonorrhe'al, gonorrhoe'al. Relating to gonorrhea. gon'osan {gonorrhea + L sanare, to heal.] Trade name for a preparation said to be a solution of kava resin (methysticum) in sandalwood oil; recommended in the treatment of gonorrhea. gonotome (gon'o-tom) [gonad + G. tome, section.] A special region of the meso4erm where, accord- ing to Van Wijhe, the gonads originate. gonotoze'mia, gonotozse'nua. Gonorrheal toxemia, the presence of the gonococcal toxin in the blood. gonotoz'in. The toxin produced by the gonococcus. gonycamp'sis [G. gony, knee, -I- kam'psis, a bending or curving.] Ankylosis or any abnormal curva- ture of the knee. gonycrote'sis [G. gony, knee, + krotesis, striking.] Knock-Toiee. gonyectyposis (gon"l-ek-ti-po'sis) [G. gony, knee, + ektyposis, modelling in relief.] Genu varum. gonyocele (gon'e-o-sel) [G. gony, knee, + kele, tumor.] White swelling, tuberculous synovitis of the knee. gonyoncus (gon"I-on'kus) [G. gony, knee, + onkos, tumor.] Tumor of the knee; white swelling. goose. A venereal bubo.- goose-flesh. Cutis* anseriua, horripilation. Gordius (gor'dJ-us) [The Gordian knot, in reference to the twisting of the worm into a complex tangle.] An old name for the genus Dra- cunculus. Gor'don re'flex [Alfred Gordon, Philadelphia neurol- ogist, *i869.] Dorsal flexion of the great toe produced by firm lateral pressure on the calf muscles. G. sign, finger* phenomenon. G.'s symp'tom, tonic reflex, the foot does not imme- diately fall back after the patellar tendon reflex has been elicited. Gor'don's sign [William Gordon, English physician, contemporary.] Cardiac* sign. gorge. Throat, guttur, gullet. gor'get. A director or guide with wide groove for use in lithotomy, probe g., a g. with a probe- pointed tip. Goriaew's ru'Iing (gor'I-ah-yef). A ruling of a blood- counting field by which it is marked oil in a series of squares some of which are again sub- divided into sixteen smaller ones. goT'it. Trade name of a special make of calciimi peroxide. goron'dou. Goimdou. Gosselin's frac'ture (gos-lan) [Lion Athanase Gosselin, French surgeon, 1815-1887.] A conical fracture of the lower part of the tibia. gossyp'Jin. A concentration product of the bark of the root of Gossypium herbaceum or cotton; em- ployed as a diuretic and emmenagogue in doses of gr. 2-4 {0.13-0.25). Gossyp'ium. A genus of herbaceous plants or shrubs yielding cotton, gossyp'ii cor'tex (N.F.), cottonroot bark, the dried bark of the root of Gossypium herbaceum or other allied species; emmenagogue and oxytocic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0) or of 15130 (2.0) of the N.P. fluidex- tract. gossyp'ii radi'cis cor'tex (B. A.) cotton- root bark, gossypii cortex (N.F.). g. purifica'- tum (U.S.), purified cotton, absorbent cotton, the hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum and other allied species, freed from impurities and oil ; employed in surgical dressings, for tampons, etc. g. styp'ticum (N.F.), styptic cotton; absorbent cotton wet with a dilute solution of ferric chloride, and then dried; applied locally as a hemostatic. Goth'ic arch. , A dental arch pointed anteriorly and narrowed laterally. Gottschalk's opera'tion (got'shahlk) [Sigmund Gott- schalk, German surgeon, *i86o.] Shortening of the uterosacral ligaments by the vaginal route. Gottstein's pro'cess (got'stin) [Jacob Goitstein, Ger- man physician, 1832-1895.] A very fine exten- sion of one of the outer hair cells of Corti's organ to the basilar membrane. gouge (gowj). A strong longitudinally curved chisel used in operation on bone. Goulard's ce'rate (goo-lar') [Thomas Goulard, French physician, ti784.] Ceratum plumbi sub- acetatis. G.'s extract, liquor plumbi subacetatis. G.'s lotion, G.'s water, liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. Gould's sign [George Milbry Gould, American ophthalmologist, *iS48.] Bowing of the head in order to obtain better vision in cases of retinitis pigmentosa. Gould's su'ture [Sir Alfred Pearce Gould, English surgeon, *i852.] An intestinal mattress suture in which each loop is invaginated in such a way that the tissue at the loop is bulged out, becom- ing convex instead of concave; see cut under suture. goundou (goon'doo) [native name.] Henpuye, anakhre; a disease, endemic in West Africa, characterized by exostoses from the nasal pro- cesses of the maxillary bones producing a sym- metrical swelling on each side of the nose. Gouraud's disease' (goo-ro') [Vincent OUivier Gouraud, French surgeon, 1772-1848.] Inguinal hernia. gout (gowt) [L. gutta, drop.] A disease of metabo- lism characterized by recurrent attacks of arthritis, particularly in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe, though any joint' may be attacked, by deposits of sodium biuret in and around the affected joints, and by inflammation of fibrous structures elsewhere, abartic'ular g., g. involving other structures than the joints. artic'ular g., the usual form of g. attacking one or more of the joints, irreg'ular g., abarticular g. la'tent g., goutiness, the so-called uric-acid diath- esis, a condition marked by gouty symptoms — scaly skin, skin eruptions, occasional twinges in the joints, etc., without a frank involvement of the great toe or other articulation, lead g., saturnine g. masked g., latent g. misplaced' g., retrocedent g. poor-man's g., g. occurring in persons subject to exposure and privation and distinctly not attributable to dietetic errors on the side of excess, reg'ular g., articular g rheumat'ic g., an ill-defined condition in which symptoms of chronic rheumatism are associated with uratic deposits in and around the joints. GOUT 4i6 GRAM-MOLECULE retroce'dent g., the occurrence of severe gastric, cardiac, or cerebral symptoms during an attack of gout, especially when the joint symptoms at the same time suddenly subside, sat'umine g., g. occurring in a subject of lead poisoning, topha'- ceous g., g. in which uratic deposits in and about the joints are marked. goutiness (gowt'K-nes). Gouty diathesis, latent gout ; a state in which one is prone to suffer from various scaly skin diseases, gastric disturbances, arteriosclerosis, and acute inflammations of the ocular structures, which are attributable to a disturbance of metabolism, allied to gout, occur- ring in families in which there is a history of articular or regular gout. gouty (gow'ti). Relating to gout Gow'ers' col'umn [Sir William Richard Cowers, London neurologist, 1845-1915.] Gowers' tract. G.'s disease', (i) saltatory spasm; (2) pseudo- hypertrophic paralysis. G.'s symp'tom, irregu- larity of the pupillary light reflex, the con- traction occurring by jerks and in an oscillat- ing way, sometimes noted in tabes dorsalis. G's. tract, funiculus anterolateralis superficialis [BNA]. Goyrand's her'nia (gwi-rahh') [Jean Gaspard Blaise Goyrand, French surgeon, 1803-1866.] Incom- plete inguinal hernia, not descending into the scrotum. gr. Abbreviation for grain, a measure of weight. Graafian fol'Ucle (grah'fl-an) [Reijnier de Graaf, Dutch anatomist, 1641-1673.] FoUiculus oopho- rus vesicialosus [BNA], G. ves'icle, G. follicle. G. ves'sels, ductuli efferentes testis. gracile (gras'il) [L. gracilis.] Slight, slender. gracilis (gras'il-is) [L.] See under musculus. grada'tim [L.] Gradually, by degrees. Gradenigo's syn'drome (grah-den-e'go) [Giuseppe Gradenigo, Italian physician, contemporary.] Suppurative otitis media with abducens paralysis and pain in the temporal region. graduate (grad'u-at) [L. graduare: gradus, a degree.] ±. To dismiss honorably from a university or special school with the degree appropriate to the course of studies successfully followed. 2. One who has been graduated and has received a degree from a university or special school. 3. A vessel, usually of glass, suitably marked, used for meas- uring liquids. grad'uated. i . Dismissed from a university or special school after receiving a degree indicating that certain studies have been successfully followed 2. Marked by lines or in other ways to denote capacity, degrees, percentages, etc. ; noting a thermometer, barometer, graduate, etc. Graefe's knife (gra'feh) [Albrecht von Graefe, Ger- man ophthalmologist, 1828-1870.] A narrow- bladed knife used in making a section of the cornea. G.'s sign, G.'s symptom. G.'s spots, small areas over the vertebras or near the supra- orbital foramen, pressure upon which causes relaxation of blepharofacial spasiji. G.'s symp- tom, in exophthalmic goiter the upper eyelid does not follow promptly and evenly the movement of the eyeball downward, but halts or moves jerkily, G.'s test for heterophoria, a prism of 10° is held base up or down before one eye; this produces two images of the object looked at ; in orthophoria one image is directly above the other, in lateral heterophoria there is also a lateral displacement of one image. pseudo-G. sign, tardy descent of the upper lid as one looks down and hasty ascent when the gaze is directed upward, occur- ring in other conditionsthan exophthalmic goiter. Graeupner's meth'od (groyp'ner) [Salo Ch. Graeup- ner, German physician, contemporary.] A test of the sufficiency of the heart muscle. If a normal subject takes a measured amount of exercise, the pulse rate rises, and after it has begun to fall the systolic blood-pressure begins to rise, reaching its maximum a few minutes after the pulse rate; in the case of a weakened heart the blood-pressure reaction is delayed and dimin- ished in amount; in seriously weakened hearts there is no rise, but rather a fall in blood-pressure. graft [A.S. grief.] Anything inserted into something else so as to become an integral part of the latter; specifically a bit of epidermis, strip of skin, piece of bone, tooth, etc., inserted into a part in order to supply a defect, an'imal g., zooplastic g. autoplas'tic g., a g. taken from another part of the same person, heteroplas'tic g., a g. taken from another individual, homoplas'tic g., auto- plastic g. sponge g., a thin bit of sponge laid on an ulcerated surface with the object of stimulating the growth of epidermiis. zoSplas'tic g., a g. taken from one of the lower animals. gra'ham bread [Silvester Graham, English dieti- tian, 1 794-185 1.] Bread made from unbolted wheat flour. Gra'ham's law [Thojnas Graham, English chemist, 1805-1869.] The relative rapidityof diffusion of two gases varies inversely as the square root of their densities. Graham Steelle's mur'mur (gra'am stel). A dias- tolic pulmdhic murmur which comes and goes with the varying degree of pressure within the pulmonary artery; it is ascribed to congestion of the lungs secondary to mitral stenosis. grain (gran) [L. gratmm.] i. Cereal plants, com wheat, rye, etc. 2. A seed of one of the cereal plants. 3. A minute, hard particle of any sub- stance, as of sand. 4 A unit of weight, ^^ dram, jjjj ounce, -;J^-^ pound; the equivalent of 0.066 gram, grains of Par'adise, Guin'ea grains, meleguete pepper, the seeds of Amomum mele- gueta, a plant of West Africa, having diuretic properties, g. foun'der, indigestion, gastric im- paction, or gorged stomach, in the horse, caused usually by overeating; there are loss of appetite, a desire to eat dirt and filth, rough skin, possibly a dry cough, and colicky pains an hour or so after eating, g. itch, an urticarioid eruption, some- times noted in farmers and grain handlers due to the action of a mite, Pediculoides ventricosus or Ditropenotus aureoviridis. gram, gramme. A unit of weight in the metric or centesimal system, the equivalent of 15.432 grains. Gram's meth'od [Hans Christian Joachin Gram, Danish bacteriologist, *i8s3.] A differential method, of staining bacteria; the specimen is first placed in aniline-water gentian violet or carbolic gentian violet, then rinsed in water and im- mersed in G.'s solution of iodine, again rinsed in water and placed for ** few minutes in strong alcohol, washed again, and dipped in dilute eosin solution. The bacteria that are stained a deep violet by this method are called Gram-positive; those that are decolorized and take on the con- trast stain are Gram-negatit:e. G.'s solu'tion, iodine i, potassium iodide 2, water 300. gram-mol'ecule. A weight of a substance ex- pressed by a number of grams equivalent to its molecular weight; thus a g.-m. of hydrogen weighs 2 grams; of water 18 grams, the 2 H atoms having a molecular weight of 2 and the O atom one of 16. GRANATONINE 417 GRANULOMA granat'onine. Pseudopelletierine, CjHjjNO.iHjO, an alkaloid from the bark of the root of Punica granatttm-', pomegranate ; see granat-um. grana'tuxn (U.S.). Granati cortex (Br.), pome- granate, pomegranate bark, the bark of the root and stem of Punica granatum; anthelmintic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). Grancher's disease' (grahn-sha') [Jacques Joseph Grancher, Parisian physician, 1843-1907.] Mas- sive pneumonia or splenopneuraonia, Desnos's disease. G.'s syn'drome, G.'s tri'ad, increased vocal fremitus, diminished vesicular murmur, and Skodaic resonance, in incipient tuber- culosis. granddaughter-cjrst (grand'daw-ter-sist). A ter- tiary cyst sometimes developed within a daughter- cyst of an echinococcus. Gland Haven Mineral Spring, Michigan. Muriated- saline-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, abdominal plethora, and engorgement of the liver. Summer resort. grand mal (grahn mal') [Fr. great evil.] The typical epileptic attack, with convulsions, followed or not by coma. Grandry's cor'puscles (grahn-dre') [Grandry, French anatomist, nineteenth century.] Taste corpuscles in the beak and tongue of birds; they consist of a number of cells, enclosed in a capsule, and between the cells run meduUated nerve-fibers. granoplasma (gran-o-plaz'mah). 1. Granular pro- toplasm. 2. The portion of the cytoplasm which has a granular appearance, but is without true granules. ' gran'ular. Composed of or resembling granules or granulations, g. conjunctivi'tis, trachoma, g. lids, trachoma. granulase . (gran'u-laz). A ferment hydrolyzing starch into sugars. granula'tion. i. Formation into grains or granules ; the state of being granular. 2. A granular mass in or on the surface of any organ or membrane; or one of the individual granules forming the mass. 3. The formation of minute, rounded, fleshy projections on the surface of a wound in the process of healing; one of the fleshy granules composing this surface. granulatio'nes [L. pi. of granula'tio.} Granulations. g. arachnoideales (gran-u-la-shl-o'nez S-rak"- no-id"e-a'lez) [BNA], arachnoidal granulations. Pacchionian bodies, a number of bulbous out- growths or hernial protrusions of the arach- noidea; they are foimd especially on either side of the sagittal sinus, into the lumen of which they project, but also occur near the transverse sinus over the cerebellum and elsewhere; they sometimes form depressions, foveolse granulares, on the under surface of the vault of the cranium. granula'tion-tube. A tube used in the larynx when the formation of granulation tissue has resulted from the irritation of a previous intuba- tion. It has a large head which rides over the granulations and induces their , resorption by pressure. gran'ule [L. granulum, dim. of granum, grain.] i. A grain, a granulation; a minute discrete mass. 2. A very small pill, usually gelatin-coated or sugar-coated, containing a drug to be given in small dose, acid'ophile g., alpha g. alpha g., eosinophile, acidophile, or oxyphile g. , one of the cell granules which take up an acid stain from any mixture; seen in the coarsely granular oxy- phile leucocyte, am'phophile g., beta g. azu'ro- phile g., kappa g , hyperchromatin g., one 27 which stains readily with an azure dye. ba'sal g., blepharoplast, the origin of a flagellum in a protozoon. bas'ophile g., delta g., gamma g. be'ta g., amphophile g., one of the cell granules staining with both basic and acid dyes, chro'- mophile g., any granule of readily stainable material in the cells or tissues, cone g., nucleus of a retinal cell connecting with one of the cones. delta g., small basophile g., one of the granules, staining only with basic dyes, found in the uni- nuclear plasma cells, elemen'tary g., a particle of blood-dust, or hemoconia. eosin'ophile g., alpha g. ep'silon g., neutrophile g., one of the granules, taking a neutral stain, found in the finely granular polymorphonuclear leucocytes. female g., one of the numerous segments into which the protonucleus of the ovum splits after tmion with the sperm cell, fuchsin'ophile g., Altmann's* g. gamma g., basophile g., one of the granules, staining with basic dyes, seen in the basophile connective-tissue cells, hyper- chro'matin g., azurophile g., kappa g. inlec'tive g., Balfour's infective g., a minute granular body observed in the blood in trypanosomiasis and spirochetosis, shown to be infective and to give rise to young forms of the parasites upon inocu- lation, iod'ophile g., one of the granules, taking on a brown stain with iodine, found in many of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes in pneu- monia, erysipelas, scarlet fever, and various other acute diseases, kap'pa g., an azurophile g. Leish'man g., see Leishman. male g., one of the several minute segments into which the head of the sperm cell splits after union with the ovum, metachromat'ic g., metachromatic* body, neu'trophile g., epsilon g. ox'yphile g., alpha g. rod g., the nucleus of a retinal cell connecting with one of the rods, sem'inal g., one of the minute granular bodies present in the spermatic fluid, thread g., cytomicrosome. zy'mogen g., a term applied to various granules in the cells of ferment-secreting glands, such as salivary glands and pancreas, which are sup- posed to be the source of the zymogenic sub- stance. granuUtis (gran-u-li'(le')tis). Acute miliary tuber- culosis. granuloblast (gran'u-lo-blast) [G. blastos, germ.] The mother cell of a granulocyte, myeloblast.* granulocyte (gran'u-lo-sJt) [L. granulum, granule, + G. kylos, cell.] A granular leucocyte. granulogen (gran'u-lo-jen) [granulations + G. gennao, I produce.] Trade name of a mixture of paraffins, melting at 115° F., containing also chloretone, 5 per cent., and neko, 0.5 per cent.; employed as a protective dressing to burns and certain skin lesions. granulo'ma, p. granulo'maia [L. granulum, granule.] A circumscribed collection of epithelioid cells and leucocytes, resembling granulation tissue, surrounding a central point of irritation, coc- cidioid'al g., oidiomycosis, den'tal g,, a small collection of granulation tissue with more or less bacterial colonization (usually Streptococcus viridans), but without suppuration, occurring at the root of a tooth, g. annula're, an affection characterized by hard, reddish nodules arranged roughly in a circle, which gradually enlarge and coalesce forming a ring. g. cryptogenet'icum, g. cryptogen'icum, Hodgkin's disease, pseudo- leucemia. g. endem'icum, oriental boil,* der- mal leishmaniasis, g. fvngoi'des, 1 mycosis fun- goides. g. inguina'Ie trop'icum, groin ulcer, an elongated ulcer, with elevated papillary edges. GRANULOMA 4i8 GRAVITY sometimes occurring in the groin in persons in the tropics, g. pyogen'icum, a small growth of granulation tissue, painful to the touch and bleeding readily, occupying usually the site of an abrasion or incised wound, g. sarcomato'- des, mycosis fungoides. g. trichophyficum, in- ■ flammatory ringworm of the body, attended with edema and dilated follicles discharging pus. g. trop'icum, yaws. g. vene'reum, g. inguinale. infec'tious g., a g. formed round a center con- sisting of the pathogenic microorganisms of cer- tain chronic diseases, such as syphilis, leprosy, tuberculosis, actinomycosis, and farcy, ul'cer- ating g. of the puden'da, a specific form of ulcer- ating g. affecting chiefly the dark-skinned races; it is thought to be caused by a special micro- organism, Cal'ymmatobacterium granulomatis, and is regarded by some authorities as a venereal affection. gran'uloplasm. The inner substance of an ameba, or other unicellular organism, within the ectosarc and surrounding the nucleus. granuloplas'tic. Forming granules. granulopo'tent. Potentially granuloplastic. granulosarcoid (gran-u-lo-sar'koyd) [L. granulum, granule, + G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + eidos, resem- blance.] An anomalous form of sarcoma, myco- sis* fungoides, Alibert's disease. granulosarco'ma. Granulosarcoid, mycosis* fun- goides. granulose (gran'u-loz). The soluble portion of starch which is convertible by hydrolysis into sugar, as distinguished from the cellulose, or in- soluble portion. , granulosis, granulosity (gran-u-lo'sis,gran-u-los'l-ti). A mass of minute granules of any character, g. ru'bra na'si, a disease of the skin of the nose, char- acterized by a moist erythematous patch dotted with numerous macules and slightly elevated papules, due to an inflammatory infiltration sur- rounding the dilated sweat glands. gra'num [L.] Grain. Gran'ville's counterirr'ltant or lo'tion [Augustus Bozzi Granville, English physician, 1783-1871.] A mixture of spirit of rosemary, spirit of camphor, and stronger water of ammonia. Gran'ville's hamm'er Qoseph Mortimer Granville, English physician, 1833-1900.] An instrument used for making rhythmical vibrations by rapid tapping (vibratory massage) in the treatment of neuralgia. grape [0. Fr. grappe, a cluster.] The fruit of Vitis vinijera. grape-cure. Botryotherapy, the treatment of cer- tain morbid conditions, especially abdominal plethora, by an exclusive diet of grapes. grape-fruit. Shaddock, pomelo, the fruit of Citrus decumaiia. grapes, i. Bovine tuberculosis, a. Granulations occurring in aggravated cases of grease-heel in the horse. Cars'well's g., see Carswell. grape-sugar. Dextrose. graph'ite. Plumbago, black lead, a. crystallizable, soft black form of carbon. graphology (gr4-fol'o-jI) [G. graphs, a writing, + -logia.] The study of the handwriting as an indication of temperament or character, and as an aid in the diagnosis of nervous and mental diseases. graphomo'tor [G. grapho, I write, + L. motus; movere, to move.] Relating to the movements concerned in writing.. graphospasm (graf'o-spazra) [G. grapho, I write, -f- spasmos, spasm.] Writers' cramp. Grasset's law (grah-sa') [Joseph Grasset, French physician, 1849-1918.] Landouzy*-Grasset law. G.'s phenomenon, in organic paralysis of the lower extremity, the patient, lying on his back, can raise either limb separately, but not both together. G.'s sign, contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the paralyzed side in cases of cerebral hemorrhage. Grasset-Gaussel phenom'enon (grah-sa'go-sel') [A. Gaussel, Montpellier physician, contemporary.] Grasset's phenomenon. grass-fire. An eczematous disease of the ox; stalk disease. Grassion, France (grah-syon'). Bituminous waters. Used by drinking in affections of the throat and chest, and in gastric and vesical catarrh. grass-sick'ness. Belyando spew, gastric spiro- chetosis, an affection characterized by vomiting, without nausea, occurring suddenly after meals; it has been observed in Queensland, Western Australia, and certain parts of Brazil; in certain cases a spirochete has been found in the vomit. Grati'ola offlcina'lis. The hedge-hyssop, a plant with diuretic, emetic, and purgative properties; it has been employed therapeutically in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0). Gratiolet's fi'bers (gra.-se-0-la') [Louis Pierre Gratiolet, Parisian anatomist, 1815— 1865.] G.'s radiation. G.'s laws,(i) synostosis of the cranial bones occurs earlier in the inferior than in the superior races; (2) ossification in the bones of the skull proceeds from, behind forward in the higher races of man, from before backward in the lower faces; these laws are not absolute. G.'s radia'tion, optic radiation, radiatio* occipitothalamica [BNA]. gratiolin (gra-ti'o-lin). An amorphous glucoside, C20H34O,, obtained from the hedge-hyssop, Graiiola officinalis. grattage (grS-tazh') [Fr. scraping.] The scrap- ing or brushing of an ulcer or surface with sluggish granulations, to stimulate the healing process. grave [L. gravis.'\ Noting symptoms of a serious or dangerous character. gravedo (gra-ve'do) [L. nasal catarrh.] Frontal sinusitis. grav'el. The formation in the kidney and passage through the ureter of numerous very small con- cretions, usually of uric acid, calcium oxalate, or phosphates. Graves' disease' [Robert James Graves, Dublin physician, 1 797-1853.] Exophthalmic goiter.* grave-wax. Adipocere. grav'id [L. gravida from gravis, heavy.] Pregnant. gravida (gravl-dah) [L. pregnant.] A pregnant woman. grav'idin. A scum on the surface of standing urine, formerly regarded as one of the signs of pregnancy 5 kyestein. grav'idism. Pregnancy. gravid'ity. Pregnancy. gravim'eter [L. .gravis, heavy, + G. metron, measure.] Hydrometer, an instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid. gravimet'ric. Relating to or determined by weight. gravistat'ic [L. gravis, heavy, -I- G. histemi, I stand.] Hypostatic. gravitation (grav-i-ta'shun) [L. gravitas, weight.] The mutual attraction between all bodies, tending to draw them to each other. grav'ity [L. gravitas.] Weight, specific g., the weight of any body compared with that of another body of equal volume regarded as the unit; the GROOVE 420 GUACAMPHOL cav'emous g., carotid sulcus, sulcus caroticus [BNA], the groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, supporting the cavernous sinus and the carotid artery. deTelopmen'tal g., one of the lines or grooves on the surface of the enamel . of a tooth, marking its primitive divisions as , formed. med'uUaiy g., vertebral g. (2). mylohy'- oid g., stilcus mylohyoideus, a groove on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible lodging the mylohyoid artery and nerve, nasopal'atine g., a g. on the vomer lodging the nasopalatine nerve. ■nasppharyn'geal g., an indistinct line marking the (boundary between the nasal cavities and the rhinopharynx. neu'ral g., vertebral g. (2). . lOMac'tory g., a shallow depression on the cribri- . , form plate of the ethmoid bone on either side of the crista galli, lodging the olfactory lobe of the cerebrum, op'tic g., sulcus chiasmatis [BNA], ,a groove on the upper surface 01 the sphenoid I bone in which rests the optic commissure. poste'rior parame'dian g., sulcus intermedius posterior [BNA). posterolat'eral g., a line on the surface of the medulla where are the root- bundles of the spinal accessory, vagus, and glossopharyngeal nerves, prim'itive g., primitive* streak, subcla'vian g., a shallow g, on the clavicle lodging the subclavius muscle, subcos'tal g., sul- cus costalis, a groove on the inner surface of the lower border of each rib. supplemen'tal g., a long shallow depression in the surface of a tooth, usually having a smoothly rounded base; the difference between a supplemental and a developmental g. is that the former does not mark the junction of lobes, ver'tebral g., (i) a surface depression on each side of the line of the spinal processes of the vertebras; (2) an embryonic sulcus developed from the primitive groove, forming later the medullary tube or primitive spinal cord; medullary g. gross (gros) [P. gros.] Large, coarse, macroscopic. g. anat'omy, the anatomy of the parts which can be distinguished without the aid of the micro- scope, g. le'sion, one that is plainly visible to the naked eye. Gross's antineural'gic pill [Samuel D. Gross, American surgeon, 1805-1884.] (N.P.) Quinine sulphate gr. 2 (0.13), strychnine gr. -^ (0.002), morphine sulphate and arsenic trioxide each gr. ^j (0.003), extract of aconite leaves (U.S. 1870) gr. i (0.03). -Pole VPt/ \ I Z inc of Grove Cell. GiosBich's meth'od (gros-sik) [Antonio Grossich, Piume sur- geon, *i849.] The antiseptic employ- ment of tincture of iodine in surgical op- erations. Grossman's sign (gros'- man) [MaxGro«>»o«, American physician,* 1 88 1.] Dilatation of the heart in early stages of apical pulmonary tuberculosis. ground' -bundle. Pasciculus* proprius, one of the association tracts of the spinal cord. ground-itch. Water-itch. ground-sub'stance. Caryolymph. group-reac'tion. A reaction with an agglutinin or other antibody which is common (though usually in varying doses) to an entire group of related bacteria, e.g. the coli group. Grove cell or e''ement [Sir William Robert Grove, English physicist, 1811-1896.] A galvanic cell composed of zinc in diluted sulphuric acid and of platinum in concentrated nitric acid, , the liquids being separated' by a porous partition. growth. The increase in size of a living be- ing or any of its parts occurring in the process of development, new g., neoplasm, tumor.* Gru'ber's cul-de-sac [Wenceslaus Leopold Gruber, Russian anatomist, 1814— 1890.] A lateral diver- ticulum in the suprasternal space beside the inner extremity of the clavicle behind the sternal fasci- culus of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Gru'ber's meth'od [Josef Gruber, Viennese aurist, 1827— 1900.] A modification of the Politzer method in which the patient does not Swallow, but says "hoc" at the instant of compression of the bag. G.'s spec'ulum, see under ear speculum* Gru'ber's reac'tion [Max von Gruber, Munich hygienist, *i8s3.] Widal reaction. Gru'by's disease' [David Gruby, Parisia4 physician of Hungarian birth, 1810— 1898.] Microsporia, a form of alopecia caused by Microsporon audouini. Grueber-Landzert foss'a (gru'ber lant'tsert). A peritoneal recess occupying the posi- tion of Jonnesco's fossa, prolonged downward behind the duodenojejunal angle for a distance of i to 2 inches. gru'el [L. gruium, meal.] A semiliquid food of oatmeal or other cereal boiled in water ;q^^^^^^.l^^„^^^., p^.^^, porridge. (.Landouzy and Jayle.) Gruenbaum's test (griin'bowm) [Albert S. Gruenbaum, German physician, contemporary.] The administration of suprarenal extract does not increase arterial tension in Addison's disease. Gruenbaum-Widal test (grun'bowm-ve-dal') [Al- bert S. Gruenbaum; Pernand Widal.] Widal's* reaction. grumose, grumous (gru'mos, gru'mus) [L. grumus, a little heap.] Clotted, lumpy, appearing as if clotted, noting the surface character of a bacterial culture; see cut under colony, 2, D. grunt'ing. A laryngeal sound sometimes made by a horse when struck or moved suddenly; it may be due to distention of the belly by bulky food, and is not infrequently noted in horses, long in dealers' hands, which have been repeatedly examined as to wind. gru'tum [L. grit.] i. Milium. 2. Oaten grits. Gryn'feltt's trl' angle [J. G. Grynfeltt, Prench surgeon tiQiS-] A triangular space bounded above by the end of the last rib and the serratus posterior inferior muscle, anteriorly by the obliquus inter- nus, and posteriorly by the quadratus lumborum ; lumbar hernia occurs in this space. gryochrome (gri'o-kr5m) [G. gry, a minute particle, + chroma, color.] A term applied by Nissl to nerve-cells in which the stainable portion is pres- ent in the form of minute granules without definite arrangement. grypo'sis [G. grypos, hooked.] An abnormal curv- ature of the nails. gt. Abbreviation of L. gutta, drop, gtt. Abbreviation of L. gultm, drops. guacamphol (gwah-kam'fol). White acicular crys- tals, prepared by the action of camphoric acid chloride on sodium guaiacol ; employed in the night sweats of phthisis in dose of gr. 7 J (0.5). GUACETIN 421 GUANIDINI guacetin (gwas'et-in). Guaiacetin. guacin (gwah'sin). A resinous extractive from guaco. guaco (gwah'ko). A brazilian plant, Mikania guaco, employed as an antidote to snake-venom and in the treatment of rheumatism and diarrhea in doses of gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0). gugethol (gweth'ol). Guaiacol ethyl. guaiac (gwi'ak). Guaiacum. guaiacetin (gwi-as'et-in). Guacetin, sodium pyro- catechin-monoacetate ; a white powder recom- mended in tuberculosis in dose of gr. yi (0.5). guai'aci lig'num (gwi'a-si lig'num) (N.F. and Br.). Guaiacum wood, lignum vitas, lignum benedic- tum, lignum sanctum, the heart-wood of Guaia- cum officinale or of G. sanctum, a small tree of the West Indies and the Caribbean coast of South America; employed as an alterative and stimulant in dose of 5 1 (40). g. resi'na (Br.), guaiacum (U.S.). guai'acin. A brownish amorphous powder obtained from guaiac wood; employed as a reagent for oxydases with which it gives a blue color. guaiacol (gwi'S-koI). (U.S.) Methyl-orthodioxy- benzene, methyl-pjnrocatechin, catechol-mono- methyl ether, C,H,Oj, obtained from creosote or prepared • synthetically from pyrocatechin; a colorless liquid or crystallized; employed as an expectorant and intestinal disinfectant in doses of 1512—7^ (0.13—0.5), and locally to the skin as an anesthetic and antipyretic, g. ben'zoate, benzosol, benzoyl-guaiacol ; a colorless, tasteless powder, insoluble in water, recommended in the diarrhea of phthisis in doses of gr. 4-8 (o . 25—0 . 5). g. bisul'phonate of quinine', guaiaquin, quinine guaiacol-bisulphonate. g. cac'odylate, occurs in light reddish ' crystals, recopimended for hypo- dermic use, in oily mixture, in phthisis, g. cam'- phorate, guacamphol. g. car'bonate, guaiacolis carbonas. g. carbon'ic ac'id, methoxysalicylic acid, a white crystalline powder of bitter taste, nearly insoluble in water; recommended as an antipyretic and antirheumatic similar to salicylic acid. g. cin'namate, cinnamyl-guaiacol styracol, occurs in colorless acicular crystals insoluble in water; employed in tuberculosis and in chronic catarrhs of the digestive and urinary mucous membranes, g. eth'yl, guthol, gusethol, pyro- catechin-monoethyl ester, a colorless liquid of aromatic odor, employed in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). g. glyc'eryl-es'ter, guai- amar. g. methylglycocho'late, monotal, a colorless liquid of faintly aromatic odor; has been recom- mended as an analgesic in phlebitis and the chest pains of phthisis, 3i-i (2.0-4.0) being painted over the painful area. g. phos'phate, phosphoric guaiacyl ether, a white crystalline powder insolu- ble in water; employed as an intestinal antiseptic and in hectic fever in doses of gr. 2-4 (o . 13-0 .25). g. phos'phite, phosphoguaiacol, guaiacyl-ether phosphite, guaiacophosphal, » white crystalline powder, soluble in water, employed in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). g. sal'icylate, guai'acol-sal'ol, a white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, employed like salol as an intestinal antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). g. suc'cinate, occurs in the form of fine white needles, insoluble in water, employed in phthisis in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13- 0.2). g. val'erate, g. vale'rianate, geosote, a faintly yellowish liquid, slightly soluble in water, employed in pulmonary tuberculosis in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). guaiaco'lis carbo'nas (U.S.). Guaiacol carbonate, duotal, a white crystalline powder insoluble ii water, employed for the same purposes as guaiaco in doses of gr. 2-10 (o . 13-0 . 6). guaiaconic acid (gwi-ak-on'ik as'id). A browi amorphous powder obtained from guaiac; i turns blue in the presence of oxidizing agents. guaiacophosphal (gwi"&-ko-fos'fal). Guaiacol phos phite. guaiacose (gwi'5-koz). Trade name of a prepara tioij containing calcium guaiacol-sulphonate an( somatose, recommended in convalescence and ii wasting diseases. guaiacum (gwi'S-kum) [Sp. guayaco, imitating thi native Carib name.] (U.S.) Guaiac, guaiac resina (Br.); the resin of the wood of Guaiacun officinale or G. sanctum, a tree of the Wes Indies and shores of the Caribbean Sea ; diaphor etic, stimulant, and alterative in doses of gr 10—30 (0.6-2.0). guaiacyl (gwi'as-il). Calcium guaiacol-monosul phonate, calcium orthoguaiacol-sulphonate, i light bluish powder, soluble in 20 parts of water employed as a. local anesthetic in dentistry an( minor surgery in hypodermic doses of vipj^i' (o . 5— r . o) of a 5 per cent, solution. guaiaform (gwi'S-form). A combination of guaiaco and formaldehyde, a brownish yellow powder employed as an antiseptic. guaialin (gwi'al-in). Methylene diguaiacel benzoi ester, a green powder containing guaiacol, for maldehyde, and benzoic acid, employed in th( hectic fever of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 7J— i, (0.5-1.0). guaiamar (gwi'am-ar). Guaiacol-glyceryl-ester, ; white crystalline powder of bitter taste, soluble ii 20 parts of water; employed as an intestina antiseptic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3-1.0). guaiaperol (gwi-ap'er-ol). Piperidine guaiacolate occurs in the form of colorless acicular or pris matic crystals, soluble in 30 parts of water, em ployed in phthisis in doses of gr. 5-10 (o . 3-0 . 6) guaiaquin (gwi'S-kwin). Trade name of guaiacol quinine bisulphonate, or quinine guaiacol bisul phonate ; recommended in glandular enlargement and hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue in children in doses of gr. i (0.06). guaiaquinol (gwi'S-kwin-ol). Quinine dihydro bromo-guaiacolate, occurs in the form of yello'7 crystals soluble in 20 parts of water; employed ii tuberculosis in doses of gr. 7 J-i 5 (o . 5-1 . o). guaiaret'ic acid. A substance occurring in the fom of needle-shaped crystals, obtained from guaiac. guaiarsin (gwi'ar-sin). Trade name [Fr. gaiarsine of a white crystalline salt, soluble in alcohol glycerin, oil, and water (5 per cent.), said to bi a cacodylate of arsenic; recommended in th treatment of tuberculosis and influenza in dose of 1 gr. (o . 06) once or twice a day. guaiasanol (gwi-S-san'ol). Diethylglycocoll-guai acol hydrochloride (CibHuOjHCI); a white crys talline salt readily soluble in water, antiseptic anesthetic, and deodorant; employed externalb and internally as a substitute for guaiacol dose for internal administration, gr. 15-31 (1.0-2.0). guai'asotol. Trade name for a preparation said ti be a syrup of guaiacol; employed for the sam- purposes as guaiacol in doses of 3i-4 (4.0-15.0). guanase (gwah'naz). A deamidizing enzyme o the pancreas, adrenals, and thymus which con verts guanin into xanthin. guanidine (gwan'id-en). Carbotriamine, a crystal line solid first obtained by the oxidation of gua nin, a poisonous product of putrefaction. GUANINE 422 GUMMA guanine (gwah'nSn). A leucomaine, CjHjNjO, oc- curring as a product of decomposition, and foiind as a, deposit in a. disease resembling gout in swine. guarana (gwah-rah-nah') [Native Brazilian word.] (U.S.) A dried paste of the crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana, a vine extensively cultivated in Brazil; it contains guaranine, saponin, a volatile oil, and paullinitannio acid; employed for the relief of headache in doses of . 3 '-^ (4.0-8.0). guar'anine. An alkaloid, resembling caiTeine, ob- tained from guarana: used in the treatment of headache in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13). Guamierl bod'ies (gwar-ne-er'e) [Giuseppi Guar- nieri, Italian physician, 1856-1918.] Cytor- yctes vacci'nce, vaccine bodies found in the cornea of rabbits inoculated with vaccine lymph. G. gel'atin-a'gar, see under agar. guathol (gwath'ol). Trade name of a disinfectant preparation of pyrocatechin ethyl ether. Guber, Bosnia. Chalybeate-arsenical waters. Cold Used internally in chlorosis, anemia, nervous affections, fevers, and skin diseases. gubernac'ulum [L. a helm.] A fibrous cord con- necting two structures, g. den'tis, a connective- tissue band uniting the tooth-sac with the gum. g. tes'tis, a cord-like structure (in the fetus and infant), formed of a peritoneal fold containing fibrous and muscular tissue, attached to the lower end of the testis and to the abdominal wall near the inguinal region; it is concerned in the descent of the testis" Hun'ter's g., g. testis. Gubler's hemiple'gia (goob'ler or giib-lair') [Adolphe Gubler (his triie name was Goblet), Parisian physician, 1821-1879.] G.'s paralysis. G.'s ic'- terus, a form of hematogenous jaundice assumed by G. to be due to such rapid hemolysis that the liver is unable to dispose of the hemoglobin set free. G.'s line, the level of the superficial origin of the trigeminus on the pons, a lesion below which causes G.'s paralysis. G.'s paral'ysis, hemiplegia altemans. G.'s syn'drome, Millard- Gubler syndrome, same as G.'s paralysis. G.'s tu'mor, a fusiform swelling on the wrist in lead palsy. Gud'den's com'missure [Bemhard Aloys v. Gudden, German alienist, 1824-1886.] Commissura in- ferior. G.'s gan'glion, ganglion interpeduncu- lare. Gujneau de Mussy's point (ga-no"de-mu-se') [Noel Franf ois Odon Guineau de Mussy, Parisian physician, 1813-1885.] A point, painful on pres- sure, at the junction of a line prolonging the left border of the sternum and a horizontal line at the level of end of the bony portion of the tenth rib ; it is present in cases of diaphragmatic pleurisy. Guenz's lig'ament (gunts) [Justus Gottfried Guenz, German anatomist, 1714-1784.] A few fibers of the obturator membrane forming the upper boundary of the obturator canal. Guenzburg's rea'gent (gtints'boorg) [Alfred Guenz- burg, German physician, nineteenth century.] A solution of phloroglucin 2, vanillin i, in absolute alcohol 30 ; when a few drops of this solution are heated in a porcelain dish with an equal amount of gastric juice, if the latter contains free hydro- chloric acid a beautiful carmine red color is produced. Gu^rin's fold (ga-raii') [Alphonse GuSrin, Parisian surgeon, 1816-1895.] Valvula fossae navicularis. G.'s glands, Skene's glands. G.'s si'nus, a cul- de-sac or diverticulum behind G.'s fold. G.'s valve, G.'s fold. Guidi's canal' (gwe'de) [Guido Guidi, better known as Vidus Vidius, Italian physician, died 1569.] Vidian canal. ' guill'otine (gil'o-ten) [Fr. an instrument for the de- capitation of condemned criminals.] An' instru- ment in the shape of a metal ring through which runs a sliding knife-blade, used in cutting off an enlarged tonsil. Guinard's meth'od (ge-nar*) [Aim^ Guinard, Parisian surgeon, 1856-1911.] Treatment of ulcerating, cancerous tumors by application of calcium carbide. Guin'ea-worm. Filaria medinensts. Guinon's disease' (ge-nawn') [fceorges Guinon, Pari- sian physician, ""1859.] Gilles'" de la Tourette's disease. guipsine (gip'sen) [Fr. gui, mistletoe.] A drug prepared from fresh mistletoe, having apressor ■properties ; recommended in doses of gr. i (0.05) in cases of high blood-pressure. guja (goo'hah). Epidemic bronchial asthma of Guam; a disease defined by F. E. McCullough, U.S.N., as a septicemia, apparently peculiar to the Ladrone, Carolina, and Bonin islands; it oc- curs as an epidemic and is characterized by hemor- rhagic infarction of the lungs, intestinal ulcera- tion, cloudy swelling of the parenchymatous or- gans, and enlargement of the mesenteric and med- iastinal lymph nodes. Clinically the disease is marked by a spasmodic attack of dyspnea or a severe diarrhea with bronze-green stools, con- stituting two sharply defined types of the disease ; rarely the pneumonic and enteric types occur simultaneously. gu'Ia, gen. gu'lis [L.] Throat, gullet. gulancha (goo-lan'chah) [East Indian.] Tinospora (B.A.), a bitter tonic and stomachic. gul'let [L. gula, throat.] Pharynx and esophagus, the swallow. Gull's disease' [Sir William Withey Gull, London physician, 1816-1890.] Myxedema of adults. GuU-Sut'ton disease' [Sir William Withey Gull; John Bland Sutton, English surgeon, contempor- ary.] Arteriocapillary fibrosis.* gum. 1. [L. gummi.'] The dried exuded sap from a number of trees and shrubs, forming an amor- phous brittle mass ;it forms usua lly a mucilaginous solution in water. 2. [A.S. goma, jaw.] Gin- giva, the fibrous tissue covering the alveolar processes of the jaws; see gums. 3. An acnei- form eruption in the infant, ac'aroid g., acaroid resin, an'imal g., a gum-like hydrocar- bon derived from mucin, black -boy g., acaroid resin.* blue g.. Eucalyptus globulus. Bot'any Bay g., acaroid resin.* Brit'ish g., dextrin. Cape g., a g. resembling g. arable, from Acacia horrida of South Africa, doc'tor g., a, g. from Rhus metopium, a South American tree. g. ar'abic, acacia, g. ben'jamin, benzoin, g. guai'- acum, guaiaci resina, guaiacum.* g. thus, American frankincense, an exudate from Pinus sylvestris. g. trag'acanth, tragacantha. Hogg g., doctor g. red g., strophulus. Sen'egal g., • the g. of Acacia Senegal, watt'le g., a g. re- sembling gum arable from a species of Acacia growing in Australia, white g., miliaria alba in infants. gum'boil. Parulis, a small abscess of the gum. gum-bush. Eriodictyon. gumma, pi. gum'mala (gum'mah) [L. gummi, gum.] An infectious granuloma, the char- acteristic lesion of late, or tertiary, syphilis, occurring in any of the organs *'or tissues; in time it undergoes fatty and caseous degenera- GUMMA 423 GYMNOPHOBIA tion, its center breaking down into a peculiar gummy material, tuber'culous g., a sub- cutaneous nodule, the size of a marble or larger, tuberculous in nature, which breaks down into a sluggish ulcer. gum'mate. Arabate, a salt of arable acid. gum'matous. Relating to gummata. gum'mi [L.] Gum (i). g. in'dicum (B.A.), Indian gum, ghatti gum, a gummy exudation from the wood of Anogeissus latifolia; demulcent, similar in properties to gimi arable. gummose (gum'5z). A sijgar derived from animal gum. gummy, i. Viscous, mucilaginous, resembling a gum. 2. Relating to or resembling a gumma. gum-plant. Grindelia. gum-res'in. • The dry exudate from a number of plants, consisting of a mixture of a gum and a resin, the former soluble in water but not alcohol, the latter soluble in alcohol but not water. gums. [Plural of gum.] Gingivae, gum (2). bleeding from, ulorrhea (slight), ulorrhagia, ulemor- rhagia (profuse), inflammation, ulitis, gingivitis- gumboil, parulis. pain, ulalgia, ulodynia, ulaganac. tesis, gingivalgia.' receding of, ulatrophia, ulatrophy, relating to, gingival, uletic. tumor, uloncus, epulisl parulis, parodontis. ulceration, ulocace, gingiva stomatocace. gun-cotton. Pyroxylin, a solution of which in ether constitutes collodium.* gurgulio (goor-gooTi-o) [L. gullet, windpipe.] Uvula. gur'jun bal'sam. Oleoresina dipterocarpi. gu'ru-nut. Kola. Gussenbauer's clamp (goos'en-bow-er) [Carl Gus- senbauer, German surgeon", *r842.] A metal bar with two nails which are driven, one Into each fragment, in the treatment of ununited fracture. G.'s opera'tlon, for stricture of the esophagus, -a. tenotome being Introduced through an opening Into the canal above the seat of obstruction. G.'s su'ture, a figure-of-8 suture for the Intestine, resembling the Czemy-Lembert but not including the mucous membrane. gusta'tion [L. gusiare, to taste.] The act of tasting; the sense of taste. gus'tatory. Relating to gustation, or taste, g. bud, calyculus gustatorius [BNA]. gut [A.S.] The intestine, fore-g., the upper part of the primitive alimentary tract, developing into the pharynx to the duodenum inclusive, head-g. fore-g. hind-g., the lower part of the primitive alimentary tract, developing into the colon. mid-g., the middle part of the primitive alimen- tary tract, developing into the jejunum and ileum ; mesogaster. tail-g., a diverticulum of the primitive alimentary tract passing into the caudal part of the embryo. Guth'rie's mus'cle [George James Guthrie, London surgeon, 1785-1856.] Musculus sphincter ure- thras membranaceae. gutta (gut'tah) [L.] A drop, roughly a minim of water, but varying greatly according to the nature of the liquid and the form of the vessel from which it falls. See drops, gut'ta anglica'nae, English drops; a preparation made by mixing oil of lavender i part, alcohol 8 parts, and spirit of hartshorn 32 parts, and distilling; used as a stimulant, g. rosa'cea, rosacea, acne* rosacea, g. sere'na, amaurosis. gutta-percha (gut"ah-pur'chah) [Malay, gaiah, gum, + percha, the name of a tree.] (N.F.) The dried milky juice of Palaquium gutta (Isonandra gutta); employed in the manufacture of splints and for various other purposes; a solution of gutta-percha is used as a substitute for collodion as a protective and to seal incised wounds. gutt'ate. Of the shape of, or resembling, a drop, characterizing certain cutaneous lesions. gutta'tim [L.] Drop by drop. gut-tie (gut'ti). Ileus in the horse or in cattle. Guttmann's sign (goot'mahn) [Paul Guitmann, Berlin physician, 1834-1893.] A thrill over the thyroid in exophthalmic goiter. gut'tur [L.] Throat. gutt'ural. Relating to the throat, throaty. gutturotet'any. Laryngeal spasm causing a tem- porary stutter. Gutzeit's test (goot'tsit). For arsenic; a piece of zinc and a little sulphuric acid are added to the suspected liquid which is then boiled; a bit of filter paper with a silver nitrate solution is held in the vapor and will turn yellow if arsenic is present. Guy's pill (gi) [so called because largely used at Guy's Hospital, London.] A pill suggested for use in mitral incompetence with hepatic congestion and ascites ; composed of i grain each of digi- talis, squill, extract of hyoscyamus, and blue mass; it is similar to the pilulae digitalis, scillas et hydrargyri (N.F.). Guy de Chauliac (ged-sho-le-ak'). A French sur- geon of the fourteenth century, practising at Avignon. He wrote a celebrated treatise on surgery, entitled " Chirurgia magna," published in 1363, which, was regarded as an authority for three centuries. Guyon's amputa'tion (gii-yawn') [Felix Jean Casimir Guyon, Parisian surgeon, *i83i.] Amputation above the malleoli, a modification of Syme's* operation. G.'s isth'mus, isthmus* uteri. G.'s meth'od, ■ ■ treatment of ingrowing toenail by the excision of a wedge-shaped piece from the side of the great toe. G.'s sign, (i) ballottement of the kidney in cases of nephroptosia, especially when there is also a renal tumor; (2) the hypo- glossal nerve lies directly upon the external carotid artery, whereby this vessel may be distin- guished from the internal carotid when ligation is necessary, Gymnamoebida (jim-nS-me'bi-dah) [G. gymnos, naked, + amoibe, change (ameba.] An order of Ameebea, in which there is no shell though there may be an enveloping layer of condensed ecto- plasm; the genus Amasba is in this order. gynmastics (jim-nas'tiks) [G. gymnos, naked ] Mus- cular exercise, performed indoors, as distinguished from athletics, and usually by means of special apparatus. Swe'dish g., Swedish movements, a form of cinesitherapy, certain systematized move- ments of the body and limbs regulated by resist- ance made by an attendant. gymne'ma [G. gymnos, naked, + nema, thread.] The leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, a tree of trop- ical Africa, order Asclepiadacecs; used to disguise the taste of bitter medicines. gymne'mic acid. An acid, CajHsjOu, derived from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, or Asclepias geminata. gym"nobacte'ria [G. gymnos, naked.] Non-cap- sulated and non-flagellated bacteria. gymnocarpous (jim-no-kar'pus) [G gymnos, naked, + karpos, fruit.] Noting certain fungi in which the hymenium is exposed while the spores are forming. gynmocyte (jim'no-sit) [G. gymnos, naked, + kytos, cell.] A naked cell, a cell without limiting mem- brane. gymnophobia (jim-no-fo'bl-ah) [G. gymnos, naked, GYMNOPHOBIA 424 GYRUS + phobos, fear.] Morbid dread and intolerance of the sight of a naked person or of an uncovered part of the body. gymnospermous (jim-no-spur'mus) [G. gymnos, naked, + sperma, seed.] In botany, noting a plant in which the ovules are not inclosed in an ovary. gyninospore (jim'no-spor) [G. gymnos, naked.] A nonsexual spore not protected by a chitinous envelope. Gym"nosporid'ia. An order of Hamosporidia infest- ing the blood-corpuscles of vertebrates, passing the sexual cycle in an invertebrate host. Gymnostomi'na [G. gymnos, naked, + stoma, mouth.] A suborder of Holotrichida in which there is no undulating membrane about the mouth opening. gynsecorogist. Gynecologist. gynsecol'ogy. Gynecology. gynsecoph'orus. Bilharzia. gy'nandrism (ji'nan-drizm) [G. gynl, woman, -I- aner(andr-), man.] Hermaphroditism. gynandroid (ji-nan'droyd) [G. gyne, woman, + aner^andr-), man, + eidos, resemblance.] A woman with hermaphroditic sexual characteristics who is mistaken for a man. gynandromorphism (ji-nan-dro-mor'fizm) [G. gyne, woman, -I- aner(andr-), man, -I- morphe, form.] A combination of male and female characteristics. gynan"dromor'phous. Having both male and female characteristics. gynan'drous [G. gyne, woman, + aner(andr-), man. Noting = flower, as an orchid, in which the sta- mens are adherent to the pistil. gynatresia (ji-n^-tre'zl-ah) [G. gyne, woman, + a- priv. + tresis, a hole.] Occlusion of the vagina by a more or less thick membrane. gynecium, gyncecium (ji-ne'si-um) [G. gyni, woman, -I- oikion, house.] The female portion of a flower, the carpel or pistil. gynecological (ji-ne-ko-lojl-kal). Relating to gyne- cology. gynecologist (ji-ne-kol'o-jist). A specialist in the treatment of diseases peculiar to women. gynecology (ji-ne-kol'o-jJ) [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, -I- -logia.'] The branch of medicine which has to do with the diseases peculiar to women. gynecomastia, gynecomasty (ji-ne-ko-mas'tJ-ah, ji- ne-ko-mas'tl) [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, -H mas- tos, breast.] The presence in the male of large mammary glands, sometimes secreting milk. gy"necoma'zia [G. gyne(gynaik-), woman, -I- mazes, breast.] Gynecomastia. gynephobia (ji-ne-fo'bi-ah) [G. gyne, woman, + phobos, fear.] A morbid aversion to the society of women. gynesic, gynssic (ji-ne'sik). Relating to the dis- eases peculiar to women. gyniatrics (ji-nl-at'riks) [G. gyne, woman, -I- iatrikos, medicine or surgery.] Treatment of the diseases of women. gyniatry (ji-nl-at'rl) [G. gyne, woman, -H iatreia, healing.] Gyniatrics. gynocardia (jin-o-kar'di-ah). Chaulmoogra. gy'nophore [G. gyne, woman, -t- phoros, bearer.] In botany, the stalk supporting the female organ of a flower. gynoplas'tics [G. gyne, woman, -I- plassd, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the female genital organs. gynoval (ji'no-val). Trade name of the isobomeol- ester of isovalerianic acid, a colorless liquid of aromatic odor and oleaginous taste ; recommended in functional nervous disorders in doses of n]j 8 (0.5) two to four times a day. gyp'sum [L.] Calcium sulphate, dried g., calcii sulphas exsicoatus, plaster of Paris. gyrate (ji'rat) [L. gyratus, turned round.] Of con- voluted or ring shape. gjrra'tion. i. Revolution, circular motion; 2. Ar- rangement of convolutions or gyri in the brain. gyre (jir). Gyrus, convolution. gy'ri. Plural of gyrus. gyromele (ji'ro-mel) [G. gyros, circle, -I- mele, a probe,] An instrument used for cleansing the stom- ach ; it consists of a sponge at the end of a revolv- ing rod, which is passed through a stomach-tube. gyro'sa. Sham-movement vertigo.* gyrose (ji'ros) [L. gyrus, a circle.] Marked by irreg- ular curved lines like the surface of a cerebral hemisphere; noting a form of marking of a bac- terial colony; see cut under colony 2, I. gyrospasm (ji'ro-spazm) [G. gyros, circle, -t- spasmos, spasm.] Spasmodic rotary movements of the head. gyrus, gen. and pi. gy'ri (ji'rus) [G. gyros, circle.] Convolution, one of the prominent rounded ele- vations on the surface of the hemispheres of the brain; they are separated from each other by more or less deep furrows, the fissures or sulci. g. angula'ris [BNA], angular convolution, a folded convolution in the inferior parietal lobule formed by the united ends of the superior and middle temporal gyri bending round the posterior upturned extremity of the superior temporal sulcus. g. annec'tens [L. annectere, to join on], annectent g. , g. transitivus [BNA]. gy'ri bre'ves in'sulse [BNA], preinsular gyri, several radiating gyri converging toward the insular pole, making up the preinsula. g. callo'sus, callosal convolution, g. cinguli [BNA]. g. centra'lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior central con- volution, ascending frontal convolution, the posterior convolution of the frontal lobe bounded posteriorly by the fissure of Rolando and anteriorly by the precentral sulcus. g. centra'lis poste'rior [BNA], posterior central con- volution, ascending parietal convolution, the anterior convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by the fissure of Rolando and posteriorly by the inter- parietal sulcus. g. cin'guli [BNA], convolution of the cingulum, callosal convolution, g. fomicatus (of the older nomen- clature), a long, curved convolution arching over the corpus callosum, from which it is separated by the sulcus corporis callosi; on its upper surface it is bounded by the sulcus cinguli and (posteriorly) by the sulcus subparietalis; it forms the upper part of the limbic lobe, or g. fomicatus [BNA]. g. denta'tus, dentate gyrus, fascia dentata hippo- campi [BNA]. g. fornica'tus [BNA], fornicate convolution, limbic lobe, falciform lobe, a long, ring-like convolution on the mesial aspect of the hemisphere, encircling the corpus callosum; its various parts are called g. cinguli, isthmus, g. hippocampi, and uncus. (The [BNA] term for gyrus fomicatus of the older nomenclature is gyrus cinguli.) g. fronta'lls ascen'dens, ascending frontal convolu- tion, g. centralis anterior [BNA]. g. fronta'Iis infe'rior [BNA], interior frontal convolu- tion, a broad convolution on the outer surface of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum between the inferior frontal sulcus and the fissure of Sylvius; it is divided by branches of the Sylvian fissure into three parts: pars basilaris (opercularis [BNA]), pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis; the first two constitute a portion of the operculum. g. fronta'lls me'dius [BNA], middle frontal convolu- tion, a convolution on the convex surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum running in an anteroposterior direction between the superior and inferior frontal sulci; it is divided into an upper and a lower portion by the middle frontal sulcus. GYRUS 42s GYRUS g. fronta'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior frontal con- volution, marginal g., a broad convolution running in an anteroposterior direction on the inner edge of the convex surface and on the mesial surface of each frontal lobe; it is continued on the inferior concave surface of this lobe as the g. rectus. g. fusifor'mis [BNA], fusiform convolution, occipito- temporal convolution, a long wide convolution on the under surface of the temporal and occipital lobes, between the inferior temporal (occipitotemporal) and collateral fissures. g. hippocam'pi [BNA], hippocampal convolution, a convolution lying to the inner side of each temporal lobe of the cerebrum from which it is separated by the collateral fissure; it is connected with the g. cinguli posteriorly through the isthmus and forms the lower portion of the g. fomicatus (limbic lobe). g. in'suls [BNA], see gyri breves insula and g. Jongus insula. g. lingua'lis [BNA], lingual convolution, a g. on the tentorial surface of each hemisphere, forming, the pos- terior continuation of the hippocampal convolution, between the calcarine and the collateral fissures; it is variously regarded as a convolution of the temporal or of the occipital lobe. g. lon'gus in'sulsB [BNA], a single long gyre compos- ing the postinsula. g. maigina'lis, marginal g., g. frontalis superior [BNA]. g. occiplta'Us latera'Iis [BNA], lateral occipital con- volution, one of several small and variable convolu- tions on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. g. occipita'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior occipital con- volution, one of several variable convolutions on the superior convex surface of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. g, occipitotempora'Iis, occipitotemporal convolution, g. fusiformis [BNA], g. orbita'lis [BNA], orbital gyrus, one of a numter of small, irregular convolutions occupying the concave inferior surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum. g. parieta'Iis ascen'dens, ascending parietal convolu- tion, g. centralis posterior [BNA], g. parieta'lis supe'rior, superior parietal g., lobulus paiietalis superior [BNA]. g. parieta'lis infe'rior, inferior parietal g., lobulus parietalis inferior [BNA]. g. postcentra'lis, posterior central or ascending parietal convolution, g. centralis posterior [BNA]. g. preecentra'lis, precentral, anterior central, or as- cending frontal convolution , g. centralis anterior t BNA]. gy'ri profua'di cer'ebri [BNA], deep cerebral con- volutions. g. rec'tus [BNA], straight convolution, a longitudi- nal convolution on the under surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum between the longitudinal fissure and the olfactory sulcus. g. subcallo'sus [BNA], subcallosal convolution, Zuckerkandl's convolution, peduncle of the corpus callosum, a rather ill-defined, narrow convolution between the rostral lamina of the corpus calloSum and the parolfactory area, being separated from the latter by the sulcus parolfactorius posterior. g. BUpracallo'sus, supracallosal g., the thin coating of gray matte? covering the surface of the corpus coUosum. g. supramargina'lis [BNA], supramarginal convolu- tion, a folded convolution in the inferior parietal lobule, capping the posterior extremity of the lateral (Sylvian) fissure. g. tempora'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior temporal convolution , third temporal convolution , a sagitta 1 convolution on the inferolateral border of the temporal lobo of the cerebrum, bounded by the middle and inferior temporal sulci. g. tempora'lis me'dius [BNA], middle temporal con- volution, second temporal convolution, a longitudinal gyrus on the lateral surface of the temporal lobe, between the supeiior and middle temporal fissures; posteriorly it curves around the extremity of the superior tempera' sulcus to join the superior temporal convolution, forming the angular gyrus g. tempora'lis supe'rior [BNA], supertemporal con- volution, superior temporal convolution, first tem-- poral convolution, a longitudinal gyrus on the lateral surface of the temporal Ipbe between the lateral (Sylvian) fissure and the superior temporal sulcus, g. tempora'lis transver'sus [BNA], transverse tem- poral convolution, one of two or three convolutions running transversely on the surface of the temporal lobe bordering on the lateral (Sylvian) fissure, separated from each other by the transverse temporal sulci. g. translti'vus [BNA], transition g., annectent g., a small convolution connecting two lobes or two main gyri, especially such a small gyrus found crossing the bottom of the fissure of Rolando. g. uncina'tus, uncinate g., uncus gyri hippocampi [BNA], the anterior hook-shaped portion of the g, hippocampi. H 426 HAGEDORN NEEDLE H H. Abbreviation for hyperopia or hyperopic; horizontal. Symbol for hydrogen. Abbrevia- tion for Holzknecht unit. H"*". Abbreviation for hydrogen ion. Haab's mag'net (hahb) [O. Haab, Zurich ophthal- mologist, *i85o.] A very powerful electric magnet used for drawing out chips of iron or steel which have become imbedded in the eye- ball. H.'s re'flex, cortical pupillary reflex; con- traction of the pupil when, in a dark room; the subject's attention is directed to a light placed to one side of him, the eyes, however, not being turned toward it. habe'na [L. rein.] i. A frenum or restricting fibrous band. 2. Habenula (2). 3. A restrain- ing bandage. hab'enal, hab'enar. Relating to an habena. haben'ula [L. strap.] i. A frenulum, a restraining band. 2. [BNA] Peduncle or stalk of the pineal body, a hollow structure attached to the pineal body ; its dorsal part is continuous on either side with the stria meduUaris of the thalamus, its ventral part is curved around the posterior com- missure of the cerebrum, h. perfora'ta, fora- mina nervosa [BNA].' h. urethra'lis, one of two fine, whitish lines running from the meatus urethrae to the clitoris in girls and young women ; they are the vestiges of the anterior part of the corpus spongiosum. haben'ular. Relating to an habenula, especially the stalk of the pineal body. h. tri'gone, a triangular plate, formed by the continuations of the medullary striae of the thalamus, at the dorsal part of the habenula (2). hab'it [L. habitus; habere, to have.] i. A practice or custom established by frequent repetition of the same act. ;i. Habitus, drug h., drug* addic- tion, pharmacopsychosis. h. of body, habitus. hab'itat [L. habitare, to dwell.] The place where a species of animal or plant is found in nature. hab'itus [L. habit.] The general characteristic ap- pearance of the body indicating a constitutional tendency to some disease or metabolic fault. h. apoplec'ticus, the appearance of one who is thick-set and corpulent with short neck, red face, and tortuous temporal arteries, h. enteroptot'- icus, the physical state significant of enterop- tosia, characterized by a long, narrow abdomen and a thorax with a costal angle below 90°. habroma'nia [G. habros, cheerful, -I- mania.'] A form of delusional insanity in which the imagin- ings assume a cheerful or joyous character; amenomania. hachement (ash-mon') [Fr. chopping.] The hacking stroke in massage. Hackenbruch's expe'rience (hah'ken-brookh) [Peter TheodoT Hackenbruch, Wiesbaden surgeon. *i865.] The area of anesthesia following the injection of cocaine or one of its substitutes is rhombic in shape. hack'ing. A chopping stroke made with the edge of the hand in massage. hee-. For words so beginning not found below, see he-. Haeck'el's law [Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, German naturalist, 1834-1919.] The individual organ- ism, in its development from the ovum, passes through the same changes as did the species in developing from the lower to the higher forms of animal life; "ontogeny is a recapitulation of phylogeny." H.'s mone'ra, a doubtful genus of Protozoa in which division occurs without any well-defined nucleus. haemamoeba (hem-S,-me'bah). Plasmodium, a pro- tozoan organism parasitic in the red blood-cells of warm-blooded animals. haematoxylon (hem-S-tok'sS-lon) [G. haima {haimat-), blood, + xylon, wood.] (N.P.) Haematoxyli lignum (Br.), hematoxylon, log- wood, the heart-wood of Hamatoxylon campechi- anum, a tree of Central America ; astringent and tonic, employed occasionally in diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), but chiefly used as a dye and as a stain in histology and bacteriology. haemoccel (hem'o-sel) [G. haima, blood, -I- koiloma, cavity.] The system of blood-containing spaces pervading the body in molluscs and arthropods. hsemocoe'lom [G. haima, blood, -I- koiloma, a hol- low.] The body cavity of the embryo containing the primitive heart. Hsemogregari'na. A genus of protozoan organisms, of the order Hcemosporidia, parasitic usually in the blood-cells of cold-blooded animals. Heemopro'teus. Halteridium. hsmorrhagia (hem-or-ra'ji-ah) [G. haima, blood, -t- -rhagia.] Hemorrhage, h. per rhex'in, hemor- rhage due to rupture of a blood-vessel. Haemospo'rea. A suborder of Heemosporidia, most, though not all, of the members of which are parasitic in the blood-corpuscles of cold-blooded animals. Haemosporid'ia. An order of Telosporidia parasitic in the blood of various animals; it includes Plasmodium, Halteridium, and HcBmogregarina. Haen's pills (hah'en) [Anton de Haen, Dutch physician practising in Vienna, 1704-1776.] Aloes, 10, resin of scammony and resin of jalap, of each 3, powdered ginger, 4, soap, 10; to make 100 pills. Haeser's for'mula (ha'zer) [Heinrich Haeser, Ger- man physician and medical historian, 181 1— 1884.] Trapp*-Haeser formula. Haff'ldne's se'rum [Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine, Russian physician, *i86o.] ±. A dead culture of the cholera spirillum employed as a prophylactic; there are two vaccines, weak and strong, the latter being a culture the viru- lence of which has been increased by growth in the peritoneal cavity of a guinea-pig; an in- jection of the weak serum is first given and is followed in 3 or 4 days by one of the stronger cultures. 2. A dead culture of the plague bacillus given by injection as a prophylactic. haffkinize (haf'kin-iz) [W. M. W. Haffkine.] To immunize with the Haffkine cholera or plague serum against one or the other disease. hafussl baths (hah-foos'e) [Ger. hand, hand, -t- fuss, foot.] A modification of the Naulieim baths, the hands and feet only of the patient being immersed in hot water impregnated with carbon dioxide gas. Hagedom nee'dle (hah'geh-dom) [Werner Hagedom, HAGEDORN NEEDLE 427 HALLER'S ACID ELIXIR German surgeon, 1831— 1894.] A curved surgical needle flattened on the sides. hagiother'apy [G. hagios, saint, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of the sick by means of contact with relics of the saints, visits to shrines, and other religious observances. Hag'ner opera'tion [Francis R. Hagner, American surgeon, *i873.] The establishment of drainage by means of an incision into the epididymis in cases of gonorrheal epidid3Thitis. Hahnemannian (hah-nS-mahn'i-an) [Samuel Christian Frederic Hahnemann, German physi- cian, the founder of the doctrine of homeo- pathy, 1755-1843.] Relating to Hahnemann or to the doctrine he taught. Haidinger's brush'es (hi'ding-er). An appearance produced when polarized light from an evenly illmninated surface falls upon the eye ; it consists of a dark yellowish brush or tuft, narrowest in its center, which separates from each other two lighter bluish tufts, placed vertically to the first. Haines's for'mula [Walter Stanley Haines, American chemist and toxicologist, *i85o.] The last two figures of the specific gravity of a specimen of urine multiplied by i . i indicates the number of grains of solids in each fluid ounce. H.'s rea'gent, copper sulphate -2, caustic potash 7.5, glycerin 15, distilled water 150; employed in Trommer's test. hair [A.S. haer.] i. Pilus, one of the fine, long flexible appendages of the skin, covering the entire body except on the palms and soles and other flexor surfaces. See pihts and scapus. The hairs of the various parts of the body have received special names (see below). 2. One of the fine, hair-like processes of the auditory cells of the laby- rinth, of the taste-bulbs, and of other sensory cells, called auditory hairs, gustatory hairs, sen- sory hairs, etc. bead'ed h., monilithrix. monil'- iform h., monilithrix. ringed h., a condition in which the hair shows alternate pigmented and white segments, trichonosus versicolor beaded, monilethrix, monilifonn hair, brittleness trichorrhexis, trichoclasis, clastothrix, fragilitas cri- nium. bulb, bulbus pili. care of, capilliculture. disease, trichopathy, cacotrichia, trichosis, trichonosis, trichonosus. downy, lanugo, dryness, xerasia. erec- tion of, horripilation, ^oose-flesh, hystricism. excess- ive growth, hypertrichosis, hirsuties. falling of, defl'uxic) capillarum, defluvium, defiuxion, psUosis, trichatrophy, trichorrhea. fineness, leptotrichia. fol- licle, foUiculus pili. fungous disease, lepothrix, trich- omycosis, trichomycetosis, Beigel's disease, chignon, piedra, tinea nodosa, trichophytosis, grayness, cani- ties, poliosis, achromatosis. having black, melano- comous, melanotrichous. having straight, liotrichous, lissotrichous. having white, leucotrichous. loss of, calvities, baldness, acomia, alopecia; ophiasis (encir- cling head), matting of, trichiasis coacta, plica, trich- oraatosis, trichoma, of the adlla, hircus (pi. hirci). o£ the ears, tragus (pi. tragi), of the eyebrows, super- cilium (pi. supercilia) . of the eyelids, cilium (pi. cilia) , eyelash, of the face, barba. of the genitals, pubis (pi. pubes), of the head, capillus (pi. capilli). of the nos- trils, vibrissa (pi. vibrissae). removal of, depilation, capillurgy. ringed, trichonosus versicolor, root, radix pili. ~ science relating to, trichology. shaft, scapus pili. splitting of, distrix, schizotrichia, scissura pilorum. stiffness, hystricism, hystriciasis. treatise on, trichol- ogy. woolly, lanugo. hair-bulb. Bulbus pili. hair-follicle (har-fol'i-kl). FoUiculus pili; a cylindri- cal pit dipping down through the corium into the subcutaneous connective tissue; it contains the root of the hair. The outer or dermic coat con- sists of three layers : an outer longitudinal, a mid- dle transverse, and an inner vitreous or homo- geneous ; the internal or epidermic coat is formed of the mucous layer of the epidermis; the root- sheath has two layers — of Henle and of Huxley, and finally the follicle is lined with a thin layer of cells, the cuticle of the root-sheath. hair-matrix (har-ina'triks). The internal or epi- dermic root of the hair-follicle. hair-root. Radix pili. hair-shaft. Scapus pili. hair-streams. Flumina pilorum. halazone (hal'a-zon). Trade name of a chlorine preparation, in tablet form, p-sulphondichlor- aminobenzoic acid (Cl2N.OjS.C6H4.COOH), em- ployed for the sterilization of water in concentra- tion of I : 300,000. Hales' piezometer (pi-e-zom'e-tur) [Stephen Hales, English physiologist,. 1677-1761.] A glass tube inserted into an artery at right angles to its axis, the pressure being shown by the height to which the blood ascends in the tube. halisteresis (hal-I-stS-re'sis) [G. hals, salt, -I- steresis, privation.] A deficiency of lime salts in the bones, osteomalacia, malacosteon. h. ce'rea, waxy softening of the bones. halisteret'ic. Relating to or marked by halisteresis. halito'sis [L. haliius, breath, -f- -osis.] Bad breath. halituous (hal-it'u-us) [L. haliius, breath.] Vapor- ous; covered with moisture, h. bruit, Wahl's sign. , hal'itus [L.] i Breath, z. Exhalation, warm vapor. Hall's dinn'er pill. (N.F.) Purified aloes, extract of licorice, powdered soap, and molasses each gr. [ (0.06). Hall's disease, H.'s meth'od. See Marshall Hall. Hall's solu'tion of strych'nine. Liquor strychninse acetatis (N.F.). Halle, Bavaria (hah'leh). Saline-bromo-iodized waters. Used internally in goiter, and scrofu- lous swellings. Hallo's point (S-la') [Adrien Joseph Marie Noel Halls, Parisian physician, *i859.] A point at the intersection of a horizontal line touching the anterior superior spine of, the ilium and a perpen- dicular line drawn from the spine of the pubes; here the ureter can be most readily palpated. Hal'ler's acid ellx'ir [Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and botanist, 1708— 1777.] Mistura sulphurica acida (N.F.). H.'s ansa, a curving branch of the facial nerve below the stylomastoid foramen. H.'s arches, the internal and external arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm; see arcns lumbocostalis. ' H.'s circle, (i) arteries encircling the optic nerve in the sclerotic coat, circulus arteriosus Halleri; (2) veins in the areola encir- cling the nipple, circulus venosus Halleri; (3) the fibrocartilaginous ring in each side of the heart supporting the mitral and tricuspid' valves respectively, circulus callosus or fibrosus Halleri. H.'s colic omen'tum, an adhesive band some- times connecting the omentum and the testis in the fetus and descending with the testis into the scrotum. H.'s cones, coni vasculosi, conical masses formed by the convolutions of the vasa efferentia of the testis passing to the globus major of the epididymis. H.'s fretum, a constricted space between the ventricle and the atrium or arterial bulb jn the fetal heart. H.'s haben'ula, the cord-like remains of the processus vaginalis peritonsei. H.'s isthmus, H.'s fretiun. H.'s line, linea splendens, a fibrous line in the spinal pia mater. H.'s plexus, a nervous plexus of sympathetic filaments and branches of the external laryngeal nerve on the surface of the inferior constrictor muscle of the larynx. H.'s re'te, rete* testis. H.'s tripod, HALLER'S ACID ELIXIR 428 HAMILTON'S METHOD celiac axis. H.'s tu'nica vasculo'sa, the vascular layer of the chorioid coat of the eye. H.'s un'- guis, hippocampus minor, calcar avis [BNA]. H.'s vas aber'rans, a diverticulum of the epidi- dymis extending upward in the angle between the epididymis and the vas deferens, hal'lex, pi. hal'lices [L.] Hallux. Hallion's law (al-yawh') [L. Hallion, French physi- cian, contemporary.] Extracts of an organ exert on the same organ a stimulating influence, increas- ing its secretion when deficient and favoring its restoration when injured. H.'s test, Tufiier's test; when the main artery and vein of a limb are compressed, in a case of aneurysm, swell- ing of the veins of the hand or foot will take place only when the collateral circulation is free. Hallopeau's disease' (S-lS-po') [Henri Hallopeau, Parisian dermatologist, 1842— 1919.] Pustular dermatitis. hall'ucal. Relating to the great toe. hallucina'tion [L. alucinari, to wander in mind.] A subjective perception of what does not exist. ballucino'sis. A psychosis marked especially by more or less persistent hallucinations. hal'lus. Hallux. hallux, pi. hal'luces [L.] [BNA]. The great toe, the first digit of the foot. h. doloro'sus, pain- ful toe, a condition, usually associated with flat- foot, in which walking causes severe pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. h. flez'us, hammer-toe. h. rig'idus, stiff toe, a condition in which walking is painful on account of stiffness in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. h. valgus, a deviation of the great toe toward the outer or lateral side of the foot. h. varus, deviation of the great toe to the inner side of the foot away from its neighbor. halmatogenesis (hal"mS-to-jen'e-sis) [G. halma, a spring, leap, + genesis, production, generation.] Saltatory variation, a sudden change of type from one generation t,o the other. halo [G. halos, a circular threshing floor.] i. A reddish yellow ring surrounding the optic disc, due to a widening out of the scleral ring permit- ting the deeper structures to show through. 2. An areola, glauco'matous h., glaucomatous ring.* halogen (hal'o-jen) [G. hals, salt, -f gennad, I pro- duce.] One of the chlorine group (bromine, chlor- ine, fluorine, iodine) of metalloids, all univalent elements ; they form monobasic acids with hydro- gen, and their hydroxides (fluorine forms none) are also monobasic acids. hal'oid [G. kals, salt, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling common salt ; noting a salt composed of a base and a halogen, such as sodium chloride. halostere'sis. Halisteresis. Halsted's Subcuticular Suture. Hal'sted's meth'od [William Stewart Halsted Baltimore surgeon, *i852.] x. An operation for the radical cure of inguinal hernia. 2. Amputation of the breast for carcinoma with removal of the muscular and lymphatic struc- tures over a wide area. H.'s su'ture, (i) an interrupted intestinal suture, similar to the Lembert suture, but doubled; sse cut under . J ■^ ) X J ».— . ) =< ) ......... . _ \ =>< ) ™1:i M 1 A B Halsted's Intestinal Suture: A, Ready for tying; B, tied. suture; (2) subcuticular suture, one passing back and forth through the corium, but not including the epidermis. Halstern's disease' (hahl'stem). Endemic syphilis. Halterid'ium [G. halteres, weights held in the hand in leaping.] HcBtnoproieus, a genus of protozoan organisms, order HcEmosporidia, parasitic in the red blood-cells of birds; its sexual cycle is passed in the body of the culex mosquito. ham [A.S. hamm.] ' i. The popliteal space. j. The buttock and back part of the thigh. hamame'lin, hamamel'idin. A powdered extract of hamamelis, employed internally as a tonic astringent in doses of gr. J-2 (0.03-0.13), and in suppository in the treatment of hemorrhoids. hamamelis, gen. hamamel'idis (ham"ah-me'lis) [G. kan^a, together with, -I- melon, apple.] Witch- hazel, spotted hazel, a shrub or small tree, Ham- amelis virginiana, growing in damp, rocky soil in the eastern and central parts of North America; the leaves and bark are official in the U.S. P. and the leaves in the B.P. hamamel'idis cor'tex (N.F.), witch-hazel bark; employed for the same purpose as the leaves, hamamel'idis fo'lia (N.P. and Br.), witch-hazel leaves, the dried leaves collected in the autumn; occasionally employed in- ternally in slight bleeding from the digestive or uro- genital tract, and extern- ally as an application to contusions and other in- juries and in headache; the official preparations are the fluidextract (U.S.) and the solution (Br.); the aqua or water, popularly known as "extract of witch-hazel," made from the bark, is official in the U.S.P. hamarthritis (ham-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. hama, to- gether.] Polyarthritis. heunartia (ham-ar'shyah) [G. hamartion, a bodily defect.] An error of development marked by defects in tissue-combination. hamartoblastoma (ham-ar"to-blast-to'mah) [hamar- toma + blastoma.] An autonomous neoplastic growth starting from a hamartoma. hamartoma (ham-ar-to'mah) [G. hamartion, a bodily defect, -|- -onto.] i. A tumor due to a new growth of blood-vessels, as distinguished from hemangioma formed by the dilatation of preexisting vessels. 2. A tumor-like mal- formation due to some defect in tissue- combination. hama'tum [L. neut. of hamatus, hooked.] Unci- form bone, OS* hamatum. Ham'bcrger's law. When acid is added to blood, albumins and phosphates pass from the red corpuscles to the serum and chlorides pass from the serum to the cells; the reverse takes place when the blood is rendered alkaline or is oxygenated. Hamberger's schema (hahm'ber-gerz ske'mah) Georg Erhard Bamberger, Jena physician, 1697-1755.] The external intercostal and the intercartilaginous are inspiratory muscles, the internal intercostal are expiratory muscles. Hamburger's test (hahra'boor-ger). The injection of 0.1 c.c. of a I : ro,ooo dilution of tuberculin just beneath the skin of the forearm or back is followed , when positive, by a subcutaneous infiltration within twenty-four hours. Ham'ilton's meth'od [David James Hamilton, Scotch pathologist, 1849-1909.] Sponge-grafting. HAMILTON'S PSEUDOPHLEGMON 429 HAPLOSPORIDIA Hamilton's pseudophleg'mon [Frank Hastings Hamilton, American surgeon, 1813-1875.] A trophic affection of the subcutaneous connective tissue, marked by a circumscribed swelling which may become indurated and red, but never suppurates. H.'s test, in axillary dislocation of the shoulder a rod will touch both the acromion process and the outer condyle of the humerus. Ham'marsten's Ten'geatlOloi Hammarsten, Swedish physiological chemist, *i84i.] A mixture of i part of a 25 per cent, solution of nitric acid and 19 parts of a 25 per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid; the addition of a few drops to a mixture of I part of this reagent and 4 parts of alcohol will give a green color if bile is present. hamm'er-finger. A condition of flexion of the middle upon the proximal phalanx of the little finger; it is frequently hereditary and sometimes congenital, and is due uppareritly in many cases to an abnormality in development of the com- ponent parts ©f the ^f&cted articulation; more rarely it is an acquired affection. hammer palsy (ham'ur pawrzii-)'. Hephestic* hemiplegia. , , , Hammerschlag's method (hahnt'er'shlahg). A hy- drometric method of determiiijing the specific gravity of the blood after the addition of chloro- form and benzene; hamm'er-toe. A condition . of permanent fiexion at the mid-phalangeal- joint of one or more of the toes, hallux fiexus. Hain'mond's disease' tWilliara Afejtander 'Ha»»mo«d, American neurologist, 1828-1900.] Athetosis. Hamp'son u'nit. A unit of i-ray' liieasurement, equal to i erythema dose. - - ham'string. i. One of the tendons bounding the popliteal space on either side; the inner h. com- prises the tendons of the semimembranosus, semi- tendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius muscles; the o»(^r /i. is the tendon of the biceps femoris. 2. In the horse and other quadripeds, the tendo Achillis or great tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle, at the back of the hock or so-called knee of the hind leg. h. muscles, the muscles at the back of the thigh, comprising the biceps, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. ham'ular [L. hamulus.1 Hook-shaped, unciform. h. process, hamulus (2). ham'ulus, gen. and pi. ham'uli [L. dim. of hamus, hook.] I. Any hook-like structure, .s. The hamular process, a hook-like process on the distal and inner part of the anterior or palmar surface of the unciform bone. h. cochleae, a sickle-shaped process at the tip of the lamina spiralis of the cochlea, bounding in' part the helicotrema. h. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal hamulus, hamular process of the lacrymal bone ; the hook-like lower end of the lacrymal crest, curving between the frontal process and orbital surface of the superior maxilla to form the upper aperture of the bony portion of the nasal duct.' h. lam'inse spira'lis, [BNA], hook of the spiral lamina, the upper , hook-like termination of the lamina spiralis ossea of the cochlea, h. ossis hama'ti [BNA], hamular process, hamulus (2). h. pterygoid'eus [BNA], pterygoid hamulus, hamular process of the sphenoid bone, the inferior extremity of the internal plate of the processus pterygoideus. hand [A.S.] Manus, the terminal portion of the upper extremity below the forearm, comprising the carpus, metacarpus, and' phalarig'es. ape h., a deformity marked by extension of the' "thumb at liearly a right aiigle with the :axis of the hand. 'claw h., a' deforinity resulfilig frfem-atrofjhy of %"he interosseous muscles, the wrist being extended and the fingers flexed at the interphalangeal articula- tion, cleft h., a congenital deformity in which the division between the fingers, especially between the third and fourth, extends into the metacarpal region, obstet'rical h., a deformity of the hand caused by a muscular dystrophy in which the thumb is flexed, the fingers being drawn together in the form of a cone, spade h., the coarse, thick, square hand of acromegaly or myxedema. trident h., a hand in which the fingers are of nearly equal length and deflected at the first interphalangeal joint, so as to give a fork-like shape; seen in achondroplasia and other con- ditions; see cut under trident. absence, achiria. bath for, manilu-vium.' care of, manicure, club, talipomanus, enlargement, macro- china, chiromegaly. gout in, chiragra, chirarthritis. inflammation of the joints, chirarthrocace,, chirar- thritis, chirorrheuma. pain, chiralgia. rheumatism, chirarthritis,- chirorrheuma. smallness of, microchiria. spasm, chirospasm,' chirism; writer's cramp, teleg- rapher's cramp, etc. hand-ra'tio. The :ratio of- the length of the hand (measured on the dorsum from the styloid' 'pro- cess of the ulna to the tiprof the third finger) to the width' across the knuckles. . ' ■ hang'nail. A tearing -up of a strip of epidermis at th6' side of the. nail ; agnail. , .^ ' ' : .-.- 1 Hanot's cirrho'sis or disease' (S-no') [Victor Charles Hanat, Parisian ■ physician, i'844-i896;] Hyper- trophic cirrhosis of the liver with chronic jaundice. Han'sen's bacil'lus [Gerhard Armauer Bhnseii, Norwegian physician, 1841-J912.] .Bacilliisiepm. hapalonychia (hap-al-o-nik'J-ah) [G. kapalos-,- soit, + onyx{onych-), nail.] Absence of rigidity of the nails, onychomalacia. . '.. : . haphalgesia (haf-al-je'zj-ah) [G. haphe, a toAcJiimg, + algesis, sense of pain.] Pain, or an. extremely disagreeable sensation approaching it, caHised by the merest touch. haphephobia (haf-e-fo'bl-ah) [G. haphe,. touch, '. + phobos, fear.] A morbid dislike or fear of being touched. - 1 , ; -Hapke's phenom'enon (hahp'keh) [Franz B.apke, German physician, contemporary.] An ab- normally prominent presentation of the parietal bone of the head of the first of t-wins, lying deep in the pel-vis. ." haplodermatitis (hap-lo-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. hap- lous, simple, + derma{dermat-), skin, -f: -itis.l Sirtiple inflammation of the skin. haplodermitis (hap-lo-der-mi'(me')tis). Haploder- matitis. hap'lodont [G. haplous, simple, -plain, -t- odoKs ipdont-), tooth.] Having molar teeth with simple ■crowns, i.e. without ridges or tubercles; haploid (hap'loyd') [G. haplous, sir&ple, + eidos, resemblance.] The reduced number of chromo- somes in the gamete. , haplopia (hap-.lo'pi-ah) [G. haplous, single, + ops{op-), eye.] Single, normal vision, as distinguished from diplopia. haploscope (hap'lo-skSp) [G. haplous, single, + skoped, I view.] An instrument used in measur- ing the inclination of the visual axes. haploscopic (hap-lo-skop'ik) . Relating to a haploscope, stereoscopic, h. vis'ion, the per- ception of two images as one by means of a mental process fusing the impressioris on the two retinsE;'stereoscopic''vision. >.. Haplosporid'ia [G haplous, simple, + sporos, seed.] An' order of Neosporidia, -in general of -undetet- minfed life histories ; the spore; are simple, -with a ''-•^single nucletis.'and no polar capsule.'. HAPTIN 43° HASNER'S FOLD OR VALVE hap'tin [G. hapto, I fasten, bind.] i. According to the side-chain theory, a cast-off receptor.* The haptins are of three orders: (i) antitoxin or anti- ferment; (2) agglutinin, coagulin, precipitin; (3) cytolysin, hemolysin, bacteriolysin; the haptins of the first and second orders are uniceptors, those of the third order amboceptors. 2 . Antigen. haptophil, haptophile (hap'to-fil, hap'to-fil). Noting the atom group of a receptor which unites with the haptophore group of a toxin. hap'tophore [G. hapto, I bind, + phoreo, I carry.] The atom group of an antigen or antibody mole- cule by means of which the molecule can combine with a cell or with its corresponding antibody or antigen, respectively. haptophor'ic, haptoph'orous. Relating to or noting the action of a haptophore. Har'bin Hot Sulphur Springs, California. Saline- chalybeate-sulphureted ; sulphated-saline-chalyb- eate waters. In addition there are the "magne- sia" and the "arsenic" springs. The sulphur spring has a temperature of 122° F. Used by bathing and drinking in gout, rheumatism, and other joint affections; in skin diseases, anemia, dyspepsia, chlorosis, chronic malarial poisoning, wasting diseases, syphilis, and glandular indura- tions. Frequented the entire year. hard'ening. The process of condensing a histolog- ical or pathological specimen and making it firm and compact s.o that it can be cut into thin sec- tions for examination under the microscope. Har'der's gland Qohann Jacob Harder, Swiss anato- mist, 1656—1711.] An acinous mucous gland in the nictitating membrane of birds and some mam- mals, and sometimes present in rudimentary form on the lacrymal caruncle of man. Hardy's lo'tion (ar-de') [Louis Philippe Alfred Hardj", Parisian physician, 1811-1893.] A lotion' for freckles, composed of corrosive sublimate i, alcohol enough to make a solution, sulphate of zinc and acetate of lead, each 4, distilled water, 250. harelip (har-lip'). A congenital fissure in the upper lip, often combined with cleft palate; it may be single or there may be one on either side of the median line corresponding to the borders of the intermaxillary bone. hare's-eye. Lagophthalmia. Har'ley's disease' [George Harley, English physician, 1 8 29-1 896.] Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. har'maline. An alkaloid, CijHuN^O, derived from the seeds of the wild rose (Peganum harmala), resembling quinine in its properties. har'mine. 'An alkaloid derived, with harmaline, from the seeds of the wild rose. harmo'nia [L. and G. a joining.] Harmonic suture, the simple, firm apposition of two smooth surfaces of bone, as seen in the lacrymomaxillary junction. harmozone (har'mo-zon) [G. harmozd, I govern.] One of the class of internal , secretions which influence the growth and nutrition of special organs or of the body in general, harpoon'. A small, sharp-pointed instrument with a barbed head used for extracting bits of muscular and other tissue for microscopical examination. Har'rington's solu'tion [Charles Harrington, Boston physician, 1856-1908.] Corrosive sublimate o . 8, hydrochloric acid 60, water 300, commercial alcohol 640; used for hand sterilization and as a wash for infected wounds and abscess cavities. Harr'ls Lith'la Springs, South Carolina. Alkaline- calcic-lithic waters. Two springs, — the " Lithia", and the " Sulphur ". Used by drinking in acidity of the stomach, diabetes mellitus, constipation, rheumatism, and uric-acid conditions. June i to Qctober i. Harris sep'arator or seg'regator [Malcolm La Salle Harris, American surgeon, *i862.] A double catheter the beaks of which are separated when in the bladder, a ridge being formed between the two by a sound in the rectum making upward pres- sure; the urine from each kidney thus collects in its own pouch and is aspirated out through the catheter on that side. Lacrymomaxillary Junction (at x) : A joint by apposition, or harmonia. Hair'ison's groove [Edward Harrison, English physician, 1766-1838.] A depression along the lower border of the thorax, due seemingly to the tug of the diaphragm, observed in cases of adenoids and other conditions of impeded respira- tion. Har'rogate, England. Alkaline-sulphureted, mur- iated-chalybeate waters. Cold. About eighty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheu- matism, gout, dyspepsia, anemia, skin affections, bronchitis, congestion of the liver, constipa- tion, abdominal plethora, obesity syphilis, metallic poisoning, chlorosis, malarial cachexia, retarded convalescence, scrofula, rheumatoid arthritis, and the diseases of women. Frequented the entire year. Harrower's hypoth'esis (h^'ro-ur) [Henry R. Har- rower, American physician, *i883.] Hormone* hunger. H.'s test, for hyperthyroidism; four J-grain doses of thyroid extract are given the 1st dayj four i -grain doses the 2d day, and four 2-grain doses the third day', a. careful record being kept of the pulse rate as a measure of the degree of hyperthyroidism, if any, present. Hart'mann's curette' [Arthur Hartmann, Berlin laryngologist, *i849.] A curette, cutting on the side, for the removal of adenoids. Hart'mann's pouch [Robert Hartmann, German anatomist, *i83i.] A spheroid or conical pouch at the point of exit of the gall-bladder into the cystic duct; called also pelvis of the gall- bladder and fossa provesicalis. hart'shom. Aqua ammonise; any volatile ammo- nium salt, such as the carbonate. Har'vey. William Harvey, English physician, 1578-1657, the discovery of the circulation of the blood. The book announcing this discovery was entitled "Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals," published in Frankfort in 1628. hash'eesh, hash'ish [Arabic, hay.] An intoxicant from the tops and sprouts of Cannabis indica. Has'ner's fold or Talve [Joseph Hasner, Ritter von HASNER'S FOLL 431 HE. Artha, Prague oculist, 1819-1892.] Plica lacri- malis. HgAsOj. Arsenic acid. Has'sall's concen'tric cor'puscles [Arthur Hill Hassall, English physician, 1S17-1894.] Small bodies of flattened epithelial cells arranged around a granular nucleated corpuscle, found in the medulla of the follicles of the thymus. Hasting's stain (has'ting). [Thomas Wood Has- tings, New York physician, *i873.] A modified Romanowsky stain. Hata prepara'tion (hah'tah) [S. Hata, Japanese phy- sician, contemporary.] Ehrlich-Hata preparation, H.'s phenom'enon, contrary effect, exacerbation of an infectious disease when, in chemotherapy, a small dose is given of a remedy which is but little parasitotropic, such as methylene blue. Hath'om Spring, Saratoga, New York. Alkaline- saline-lithic-calcic-carbonated water. Used by drinking in a. wide range of disorders, including the numerous uric-acid conditions. Jime 15 to September 15, Haudek's niche (how'deks nich) [Martin Haudek, Vienna roentgenologist, contemporary.] An apparent projection from the wall of the stomach sometimes seen in roentgenograms of gastric ulcer, due actually to the filling of the cavity of the ulcer with bismuth. haunch-bone (hawnch'bon). i. Os coxie. 2. The innominate bone in the pelvis of the horse, huckle bone. haustorium, pi. hausto'ria (haw-sto'rl-um) [L. haustus, drinking.] ±. An organ for the absorp- tion of nutriment. 2. In botany, the root or special organ of attachment and nourishment of a parasite. haustrum, pi. haus'ira (haw'strum) [L. a machine for dipping up water from a cistern or well.] One of the sacctdations of the colon, caused by the fact that the tseniee, or longitudinal bands, are slightly shorter than the gut so that the latter is thrown into tucks or pouches ; called also haustrum coli. haustus (haw'stus) [L. a drink, draft.] A potion or medicinal draft, h. ni'ger, black draft, infusum* sennae compositum. haut-mal (o-mal') [Fr. high evil.] Grand mal. Hav'ers's canals' [Clopton Havers, English anato- mist, 1650—1702.] Vascular canals in osseous tissue. H.'s glands, collections of adipose tissue in the hip, knee, and other joints, covered by synovial membrane, thought by H. to be glands secreting the synovia. H.'s lamel'las, concen- , trie layers of bone surrounding H.'s canals. H.'s spa'ces, spaces in bone formed by the enlarge- ment of H.'s canals. H.'s sys'tem, one of H.'s canals with the lamellae surrounding it. Haver'sian. Relating to Clopton Havers and the structure of bone described by him ; see Havers. haw. I. The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane,'* of the horse. 2. Any growth on the conjunctiva or eyelid. hawk. An explosive expiration made to clear the throat of mucus. haws. Any disease of the nictitating membrane of the horse. Hay's test [Matthew Hay, Scotch physician, *i8ss.] For bile in the urine: a pinch of sub- limed sulphur is dropped on the urine to be tested; if bile acids are present the sulphur sinks to the bottom, if they are absent the sul- phur floats. hay-asth'ma. A severe form of hay-fever in which asthma is one of the distressing symptoms of the later stage. hay-bacil'lus. Bacillus subtilis. Hayem's disease' (a-yahn') [Georges Hayem, Paris physician, *i84i.] Myelitis apoplectiformis. H.'s hem'atoblast, blood-platelet.* H.'s se'rum, an artificial serum composed of sodium chloride S, sodium sulphate 10, boiled water 1000. H.'s solu'tion, composed of mercuric chloride 0.5, sodium chloride i, sodium sulphate 5, distilled water 200; it is used in blood-examinations. H.'s type, acute nonsuppurative encephalitis, hyperplastic encephalitis. Haversian System of Bone. hay-fe'ver. Auttunnal catarrh; an acute irritative inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory passages accompanied by itching and profuse watery secretion, followed later usually by bronchitis and asthma; the attack recurs annually at the same or nearly the same time of the year, late summer, and is thought to be due to irritation by the pollen of certain plants, but there is also a strong neurotic element in it. Hay'garth's nodes or nodos'ities [John Haygarth, English physician, 1740-1827.] Exostoses from the margins of the articular surfaces and from the periosteum and bone in the neighborhood of the joints of the fingers, leading to ankylosis and associated with lateral deflection of the fingers toward the ulnar side; they occtir in arthritis deformans. Haynes's opera'tion (hanz) [Irving S. Haynes, New York surgeon, *i86i.] Drainage of the cisterna magna in the treatment of acute suppurative meningitis. Hay'wood White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina, Sulphurous and chalybeate waters, 54° F. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in disorders of the liver, stomach, and kidneys, and in rheumatism and neuralgia. Frequented in the summer and autiunn. Ha'zen's the'orem [Allen Hazen, American civil engineer, '"1869.] For every typhoid-fever death avoided by the purification of public water supplies, two- or three deaths from other causes are also and at the same time prevented. See Mills-Reincke phenomenon. Tab. Abbreviation for hemoglobin. H3BO3. Boric acid. HBr. Hydrobromic acid. H.CHO. Formaldehyde. HC2Hs02. Acetic acid. HCl. Hydrochloric acid. HCN. Hydrocyanic acid. 'B.fizO^. Chromic acid. H.D. Abbreviation for hearing distance. He. Chemical symbol of helium. HEAD 432 HEART head [A.S. hedfod.] i. Caput, the upper or anterior extremity of the animal body, containing the brain and the organs of sight, hearing, taste, and smell. J. The upper, anterior, or larger extrem- ity of any body or structure. 3. The proximal extremity of a bone, that which is nearer the cerebrospinal axis. 4. That end of m muscle which is attached to the more fixed part of the skeleton, black h., comedo, scald h., any crusted or markedly scaly affection of the scalp. swelled h., osteoporosis of the skull. abscess, cephalopyosis. absence, acephalia, acephal- ism. back, occiput, bandage for, capitiuzn, galea. bath for, capitiluvium. blood-tumor of, cephalemat, oma. congestion, cephalemia. crushing the, cephalo- tripsy. description of, cephalography. disease of- cephalopathy. dropsy, cephaledema, cephalhydrocele. caput succedaneum (of fetus), enlargement, ceph, alonia, macrocephalia, macrocephaly, cephalomegaly- front, forehead, frons, metopon. having a boat- shaped, cynibocephalic, scaphocephalic, cymboceph- alous, scaphocephalous, having a broad, brady- cephalic, eurycephalic, bradycephalous, eurycephalous. having a conical, acrocephalic, acrocephalous. having a distorted, plagiocephalic, plagiocephalous. having a large, macrocephalic, megalocephalic, macroceph- alous, megalqcephalous. having a long, dolichoceph- alous, dolichocephalic, having a narrow, stenoceph- aiic, stenocephalous. having a short, brachycephalic, brachycephalous. having a small, microcephalic , nano- cephalic, microcephalous, nanocephalous. having a thick, pachycephalic, i)achycephalous. inflammation of muscles, cephalomyitis. measurement of, cephalom- etry. pain, cephalagra, cephalalgia, migraine, clavus, monopegia,^ cephalodynia, headache, cephaloponia, hemicrania, megrim, metopodynia. puncture of the, cephalocentesis. smallness, microcephaly, nanoceph- aly, top, sinciput, treatise on, cephalography, ceph- alology. trephining, cephalotrypesis. tumor, cephal- oncus, cephalophyma. Head's lines and zones [Henry Head, English physi- cian, contemporary.] Areas of cutaneous hyper- esthesia occurring in cases of acute or subacute visceral infiammation. headache (hedfak). Cephalalgia, a diffuse pain in ^ various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve, bil'ious h., sick h., migraine, blind h., migraine, hel'met h., press- ure pain felt in the upper half of the head, occurring especially in neurasthenia, in'dura- tive h., nodular h. nod'ular h., radiating pain in the head accompanied by nodular swellings in the splenius, frontalis, trapezius, and other muscles, organ'ic h., h. due to disease of the brain or its membranes, re'flex h., h. due to disease or abnormality in some organ more or less distant from the brain; one due to eyestrain, for example, sick h., migraine, symptomat'ic hi, reflex h. headgrit (hed'grit). An epizootic in sheep, sheep cholera; called also jaundice, yellows, t.nd plocach. head'-kidney. Forekidney, pronephros, the ante- rior portion of the Wolffian body. head-lock. The catching of the chins in twin labor, in which the first bom is by the breech, the second presenting by the head. head-louse (hed'lows). Pediculus capitis. heal (hel) [A.S. healan.] 1. To restore to health, especially to cause an ulcer or wound to cicatrize or unite. 2. To become well, to be cured; to cicatrize or close, said of an ulcer or wound. heal-all. Prunella. heal'er. i. One who heals or cures, a physician. 2. One who claims to cure by Christian Science, mental healing, new thought, or other form of suggestion. hearing, i. Curing, restoring to health, promoting the closure of wounds and ulcers, j. The process of a return to health, the closing of u, wound. h. by first intention, etc., see union* by first intention, etc. Heal'ing Springs, Alabama. Waters contain iron, sulphur, lithia, magnesia, and a trace of arsenic. Eleven springs. Used by drinking in chronic diarrhea, skin troubles, disorders of the alimen- tary tract, liver, kidneys, and bladder. Heal'ing Springs, Virginia. See Hot Springs, Virginia. health (helth) [A.S. hcslth.l Absence of disease; a condition of body and mind in which all the functions are normally performed. health'y. Well, in a, state of normal functioning, free from disease. hear (her) [A.S. heran.'] To perceive sounds; noting the function of the ear. hear'ing. Audition, the perception of sounds; the auditory sense, the function of the ears, color h., pseudochromesthesia, a subjective color sensation being produced by certain sounds. heart (hart) [A.S. heorte.] A hollow musciilar organ which receives the blood from the veins and pro- pels it into the arteries. It is divided by a mus- culo-membranous septum into two halves — right or venous and left or arterial, each of which con- sists of a receiving chamber (auricle or atrium) and an ejecting chamber (ventricle); the orifices through which the blood enters and leaves the ventricles are provided with valves, the mitral and the aortic for the left ventricle, the tricuspid and the pulmonary for the right ventricle, ar'mored h., calcareous deposits in the pericardium occur- ring in subacute or chronic inflammation, bo'ny h., the presence of more or less extensive calca- reous patches in the pericardium and walls of the heart, fatty h., (i) fatty degeneration of the myocardium; (2) an overaccumulation of adi- pose tissue on the external surface of the heart with sometimes an infiltration of fat between the muscle bundles of the heart wall;. cor adiposum. fi'broid h., chronic inflammation of the myocar- dium, with overgrowth of the connective tissue. hairy h., pericarditis in which the heart is seen post mortem to be covered with a shaggy, fibrin- ous exudate; cor hirsutum, cor tomentosum, trichocardia, shaggy pericardium, i'cing h., pericarditis in which the heart is seen post mor- tem covered with a thick, white coat like the icing of cake, ir'ritable h., soldier's heart, D.A.H., neurocirculatory asthenia, a cardiac neurosis due to overstrain; marked by rapid pulse, dyspnea, and various neurotic symptoms, associated with an increased susceptibility to fatigue, observed especially in soldiers in active war service but noted occasionally also in civil life, left h., systemic h. lux'us h., a German term for combined dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart, of the left ventricle chiefly, pul'- monary h., the right auricle (atrium) andventri- ■ cle, receiving the venous blood and propelling it to the lungs, right h., pulmonary h. skin h., the peripheral blood-vessels, soldier's h., irrit- able h. system'lc h., the left auricle (atrium) and ventricle, receiving the aerated blood from the lungs and propelling it throughout the body, tiger h., a fatty degenerated heart in which the fat is disposed in the form of broken stripes. tobac'co h., cardiac irritability marked by ir- regular action, palpitation, and sometimes pain, occurring as a result of the excessive use of tobacco, absence, acardia. atrophy, acardiatrophia, cardlat- rophy, atrophia cordis, calculus, cardioHth. causing contraction, cardiooinetic, cardiokinetic. clot' in. HEART 433 HEBOTOMY cardiohemothrombus, cardiothrombus. contraction, cardiostenosis, cardiarctia; systole (normal rhyth- mical contraction), deficient nervous control, acardio- nervia, cardianeuria. dilatation, cardiectasia, ectasis cordis, cardieurysma, cardianeurysma, cardioncus; auxocardia, diastole (normal rhythmical dilatation), disease, cardiopathy, malum cordis, displacement, cardiectopia, ectocardia, ectopia cordis; cardioptosia, bathycardia (downward); dextrocardia, dexicardia, dexiocardia, cardianastrophe (to the right side), dis- section, cardiotomy. engorgement, cardioplethora, cardiopolyemia. enveloping membrane, pericardium, capsula cordis, ^fatty, coradiposum.adiposiscardiaca. fatty degeneration, adiposicaidia, steatosis cordis, cardiomyoliposia, cardioliposia, cardiodemia, cardio- ethmoliposia. gout, cardiagra. hardening, cardio- sclerosis, hastening action, cardioaccelerator. hernia through diaphragm, cardiocele. hypertrophy, cor bovinum, cor taurinum, hypercardia, cardiauxe, megacardia, macrocardia. incomplete development, cardiatelia, atelocardia, ateliosis cordis, inflammation, carditis; myocarditis (of wall); cardiovalvulitis, cardi- valvulitis, dicliditis (of the valves); endocarditis (of lining membrane); pericarditis (of enveloping mem- brane); angiocarditis (of heart and great vessels); pancarditis, endoperimyocarditis (of all parts), irreg- ular action, arrhythmia cordis, cardiataxia, cardio- spasm, lack of blood in, acardiohemia, cardianemia, cardioanemia. large size, megalocardia, macrocardia, cardiauxe, cor bovinum, cor taurinum, hypercardia, hypercardiotrophy. lining membrane, endocardium. mfuformation, cardiamorphia, cardibparaplasia. meir- branes, pericardium (external) , endocardium (internal) . movable, cor mobile, cor pendulum, muscle, myo- cardium, pain, cardiodynia, cardialgia, cardiagra, neuralgia cordis, cardioneuralgia, angina pectoris. palpitation, cardiopalmus.xardiotromus, tremor cordis, trepidatio cordiS; palpitatio cordis, cardiobolus, car- diogmus. paralysis, cardioplegia, puncture, cardiocen- tesis, cardicentesis, cardiopuncture. rapid action, tachycardia, heart-hurry, rheumatism, cardiorheuma. rupture, cardiorrhexis, cardioclasia. science of, car- diology, slow action, bradycardia, brachycardia, spaniocardia. slowing action, cardioinhibitory. &mall- ness, microcardia, softening, cardiomalacia. spasm, angina pectoris, suture ^of, cardiorrhaphy. systolic recoil, basculation. treatise on, cardiagraphy, cardio- graphy, cardiology. tuberculosis, cardiophymia. ulceration,, cardielcosis. weakness, cardiasthenia. heart -block. A condition in which the ventricu; lar systole does not always follow the auricular- every other beat may be lost, or every third, or the failure of the ventricular contraction may be irregular;, it is due to inability of the auriculo- ventricular bundle of His to transmit the systolic impulse regularly. hearfbum. Pyrosis. heart -failure (hart'fal-yur). Inability of the heart muscle to maintain the circulation, its embarrassment and exhaustion being due to some disturbance in the normal balance be- tween the propulsive force and the resistance to be overcome. heart-hurry (hart'hur-ri) . Rapid action of the heart, due to mental or physical causes and of brief duration; tachycardia. heart-sac. Pericardium. heart-stroke, i. Impact of the apex of the heart against the wall of the chest, z. Angina pectoris. heart'-water. Hydropericardium in sheep caused by Bacillus ovis which is carried by a tick of the genus Eurhipicephalus in Europe or Amblyomma in South Africa. heat [A.S. hate.'] x. The opposite of cold, a high temperature; the sensation produced by prox- imity to fire or an incandescent object. 2. Sexual excitement in the lower animals c*r the period dtiring which such excitement exists; estnis, oestrus, atomic h., the amount of heat required to raise an atom of the substance in question from 0° to r° C. Ja'tent h., the amount of heat which a substance may absorb without an increase in apparent temperature, ..opposed to sensible h. molec'ular h., the product of the specific heat of a body, multiplied by its atomic weight, prickly h., rnUiaria rubra, ra'diant Ji., 28 the h. which is given off from any body and passes through the air in the form of waves, similar to the light waves, but of greater wave- length, sen'sible h., the heat which, when ab- sorbed by a substance, causes a rise in tempera- ture; opposed to latent h. specific h., the heat required to raise any substance through 1° of temperature, compared as a standard with that raising the same volume of water one degree. heat-ap'oplexy. Heat-stroke. heat-cramps. Muscular spasms occurring in those w-ho work hard in intense heat, such as laborers in iron mills, stokers, etc. ; the spasms are accom- panied by severe pain, dilated pupils, and a weak but not rapid pulse. heat-exhaustion (het-egz-aws'chun). A form of heatstroke marked by symptoms of extreme pros- tration, a subnormal temperature, and collapse. Hea'ton's opera'tion [George Heaton, American surgeon of Boston, r8o8— 1879.] An operation for the radical cure of inguinal hernia. heat-prostra'tion. Heat-exhaustion. heat -rash. Prickly heat, miliaria*^ rubra. heat-ri'gor point. The degree of elevated tempera- ture at which coagulation of protoplasm occurs with death of the cell. heatstroke (het-strok). A condition produced by exposure to an excessively high temperature, either atmospheric or:artificial. The symptoms of a mild attack are headache, vertigo, some- times slight delirium, ;and-a temperature'of 101° to 1 02°. In severe cases there is marked prostra- tion with high fever, rapid pulse, sighing or stertorous respiration, hot and dry skin, and unconsciousness. In the form due to exposure to the direct rays of the sun there may be ab- sence of fever or even a subnormal temperature. heat-u'nit. The amount of heat required to raise a given quantity of water through 1° C. of tem- perature. heaves (hevz). Pulmonary emphysema in the horse, marked by difficult expiration and sometimes a cough ; broken wind, asthma. hebeosteot'omy [G. hebe, pubes, + osteon, bone, -I- tome, incision.] Division of the os pubis to favor delivery; hebotomy, pubiotomy. hebephrenia (he-be-fre'ne-ah) [G. hebe, puberty, -H phren, the mind.] Adolescent insanity; a mental disorder occurring about the time of puberty, marked usually by melancholia and self-absorption and terminating not infrequently in dementia. Heb'erden's asth'ma [William Heberden, English physician, 1710-1801.] Angina pectoris. H.'s disease', arthritis deformans. H.'s nodes or nodos'ities, hard nodules (exostoses) about the size of a pea or smaller, found on the terminal phalanges of the fingers in osteoarthritis; they are enlargements of the tubercles at th'e articular extremity of the distal phalanges. hebetude (heb'e-tild) [L. hebetude; hebere, to be dull.] Dullness; lethargy. heboidophrenia (hS-boy"do-fre'ni(-ah) [hebephrenia with the insertion of G. eidos, resemblance.] Kahlbaum's term for the simple dementia form of dementia precox. heb'oid-par'anoid. A term characterizing the group of mental diseases embracing the juvenile insanities, dementia precox, and paranoia. hebosteot'omy [G. hebe, pubes, 4- osteon, bone, + tome, a cutting.] Hebotomy. Jiebot'omy [G, hebe, pubes, + tome, cutting,] §ec- L . ■ tipn of. the pubic . bone, near the symphysis) in HEBOTOMY 434 HEINEKE-MIKULICZ OPERATION order to enlarge the pelvic diameters ; hebosteot- omy, pubiotomy. Hebra's disease' (ha'brah) [Ferdinand von Hebra, Viennese dermatologist, 1816— 1880.] Erythema multiforme. H.'s i'odine caus'tic, iodine and potassium iodide each 1 part, glycerin 2 parts. H/s itch oint'ment, unguentiun sulphuris com- positum (N.P.). H.'s lead oint'ment, imguentum diachylon. H.'s pityri'asis, pityriasis rubra. H.'s pruri'go, true prurigo. hecateromer'ic [G. hekateros, each of two, + meros, part.] Noting a spinal neuron ■which gives oH processes going to both sides of the cord; usually the same as a heteromeric neuron. hecatom'eral. Hecateromeric. Hecht's test [Hugo Hecht, Prague physician, con- temporary.] A modification of the Wassermann* test for syphilis, based on the fact that hiunan serum is normally capable of hemolyzing ten times its volume, of a 2 per cent, solution of sheep's blood; for the test are needed only an active serum, a 2 per cent, solution of sheep's blood, and an antigen. Becker's law (hek'er) [Karl v. Hecker, Munich obstetrician, 1827— 1882. J In every successive childbirth the weight of the child is usually greater than that of its predecessor by from 150 to 200 grams. hectargyre (hek'tar-j5r).- One of a group of phenyl- sulphonic derivatives of mercury, employed in the treatment of syphilis, in conjunction with hectine, in hypodermic dose of gr. li— 3 (0.1-0.2) every other day, alternating with hectine. hec'tic [G. hektikos, habitual.] 1. Constitutional. 3. Relating to the daily rise of temperature in active tuberculosis. 3. An afternoon rise of temperature, accompanied by a flush on the cheeks, occurring in active tuberculosis. 4. The flush accompanying hectic fever, h. fe'ver, hectic (3). h. flush, hectic (4). hec'tine. One of a group of phenylsulphonic derivatives of arsenic, recommended in the treat- ment of syphilis, in hypodermic doses of gr. i J (o. i) daily for ten to twenty days. hec'togram [G. hekaton, one hundred, + gramma, a mark.] One hundred grams, the equivalent of 1543-7 grains. hectoliter (hek'to-le-tur) [G. hekaton, one hundred, -}- Htra, pound.] One hundred liters, the equiva- lent of 105.6 quarts or 26.4 American (22 im- perial) gEfllons. [ hectometer (hek'to-me-tur) [G. hekaton, one hun- dred, + metron, measure.] One hundred meters, the equivalent of 328 ft. i in. hedeoma (he-de-o'mah) . American pennyroyal, squawmint, the dried leaves and tops of Hede- oma pulegioides, a shrub of North America; an aromatic stimulant and emmenagogue in doses of 5i~2 (4.0-8.0) in infusion. he'donal [G. hedone, delight.] Methyl-propyl-car- binol urethane, CjHijOjN, a crystalline powder of aromatic taste and smell ; employed as an hypnotic in doses of gr. 13-30 (1.0-2.0). he'donism [G. hedone, pleasure.] The ptu-suit of pleasure as an end in itself, without regard to moral or ethical considerations. hedrocele (hed'ro-sSl) [G. hedra, anus, H- kele, hernia.] Prolapse of the intestine through the anus, proctocele. heel [A.S. hela.] i. Calx [BNA], the posterior, rounded extremity of the foot. 2. Talon, a pos- terior small cusp of a tooth, h. bone, os calcis, calcaneum, calcaneus [BNA]. pain'ful h., a condition in which bearing the weight on the heel causes more or less severe pain; it is fre- quently gonorrheal in origin, and in most cases is due to a bony growth on the plantar surface of the OS calcis at the point of origin of the flexor brevis digitorum muscle. heel-fly (hel'fli). Hypoderma bovis. heel -jar. The patient standing on tip-toe feels pain, on suddenly bringing the heels to the ground; (i) in the spine in the case of Pott's disease; (2) in one lumbar region in case of renal calculus. Hegar's dila'tors (ha'gar) [Alfred Hegar, German gynecologist, 1830-1914.] A series of cylindrical bougies of graduated sizes used to dilate the os uteri. H.'s meth'od, treatment of sciatica by stretching the nerve-trunk, the thigh being forcibly flexed on the abdomen while the knee is main- tained in extension. H.'s sign, softening and compressibility of the lower segment of the uterus in early pregnancy (about the seventh week) ; on bimanual examination it feels to the finger in the vagina as though the neck and body of the uterus were separated, or connected by only a thin band of tissue. heg'onon. A silver protein compound obtained by treating albumose with an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate ; a light brown powder soluble in water, employed externally in gonorrhea and other diseases in which the organic silver prepara- tions are indicated. Heichelheim's test (hi'khel-him) [Siegmund Heichel- heim, German physician, contemporary.] lodi- pin'* test of the motility of the stomach. Heidenhain's cells (hi'den-hin) [Rudolf Heidenhain, German physiologist in Breslau, 1834-1897.] Certain cells in the gastric glands, see adelo- morphous and delomorphous cells.* H.'s cres'- cents or demilunes', Gianuzzi's* cells. H.'s law, glandular secretion is always accompanied by an alteration in the structiu-e of the gland. H.'s rods, columnar cells in the uriniferous tubules. H.'s stain, H.'s iron-hematoxylin : I, iron alum 3, distilled water 100; II, hematoxylin crystals 1, 95 per cent, alcohol 10, distilled water 90. Heilbronner's thigh (hil'bron-ner) [Karl Heilbronner, German physician, 1869-1914.] Flattening and broadening of the thigh, when the patient lies supine on a hard mattress, in cases of organic paralysis; absent in hysterical paralysis. Heim's pills [Ernst Ludwig Heim, Berlin physician, 1747-1834.] I. Pills of ipecac gr. J (0.015), digitalis gr. i (0.05), opium gr. J (0.015), and extract of helenium q.s., for cough and the py- rexia of phthisis. 2. Hydragogue pills of cam- boge, digitalis, squill, antimony, and extract of pimpinella. Helm-Krejrsig sign (him-kri'zig) [see Heim and Kreysig.] A sinking in of the intercostal spaces, synchronous with the cardiac systole, in cases of adherent pericardium. Heine's opera'tion (hi'neh) [Leopold Heine, German ophthalmologist, '*i87o.] Cyclodialysis performed for the purpose of establishing an artificial com- munication between the anterior chamber and the suprachorioidal space in glaucoma. Hei'ne-Med'in disease' [O. Medin, Swedish physician, contemporary.] A group of paralyses, including infantile spinal, Landry's, bulbar, pontine, cerebral, ataxic, neuritic, and meningitio forms, assumed to be different localizations of action by the same infectious agent. Heineke-Mjkulicz opera'tion (hi'nek-eh-mik'oo-lits) [Walter Hermann Heinecke, German surgeon, '"1834; Johann von Af«fe«W«-Radecki, Breslau surgeon, 1850-1905.] Pyloroplasty. HEINZ BODIES 43 S HELMHOLTZ'S AXIS LIGAMENT Heinz bod'ies (hints) [R. Heinz, German physician, contemporary.] Minute bodies sometimes seen in erythrocytes by the dark-ground illunaination method, after staining with azur I, regarded by Heinz as particles of dead cytoplasm, by others as composed of cholesterin-olein; called also ^-substance and substantia metachromatiso- granularis. Heister's diTertic'ulum (hi'ster) [Lorenz Heisier, German anatomist, 1683-1758.] Sinvis jugularis externae or bulbus venae jugularis superior. H.'s valves, crescentic folds of the mucous mem- brane of the cystic bile-duct, disposed obliquely in a spiral manner around the inner wall; valves of Amussat. helcoid (hel'koyd) [G. helkos, ulcer, -I- eidos, resem- blance.] Resembling an ulcer; ulcerous. helcol'ogy [G. helkos, ulcer, + -logia.'l The special study of the cause, prevention, and treatment of ulcers. helcoplasty (hel'ko-plas-ti) [G. helkos, ulcer, H- plasso, I mould.] The reparative or plastic surgery of ulcers; skin-grafting for the cure of ulcers. helco'sis [G.] XJlceration. hel'cosol [G. helkos, vilcer, -f- L. solari, to relieve.] Bismuth pyrogallate, a yellow amorphous powder ; employed internally as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0), and externally in the treatment of ulcers and various skin diseases. Helcoso'ma trop'icum [G. helkos, a sore, + soma, body.] A name proposed by Wright for the protozoan parasite of oriental sore, apparently generically identical with the parasite of kala- azar; Leishmania tropica^?). hel'enin. A stearoptene, occurring in white, acicular crystals, of aromatic taste, obtained from elecam- pane. Inula helenium: antiseptic, used externally in ozena, and internally for diarrhea and bron- chorrhea, in doses of gr. ^i (0.03-0.06). helianthemum (hel-i-an'the-mum) [G. helios, sun, -f- anthemon, flower.] (N.F.) The herb Helianthemum canadense, Canadian rock-rose, frost-wort; an aromatic bitter, astringent, and alterative in dose of 5i (4-o); or of 3i (4.0) of the N.F. fluidextract. helianthin (he-H-an'thin). Methyl orange, di- methylaniline orange, gold orange, tropeolin, Poirrier's orange; an indicator, alkalies turning its solution red, acids yellow. heHcine [G. helix, a coil.] Relating to a helix; spiral. hel'icoid [G. helix, a coil, -I- eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a helix; spiral. helicopep'sin [G. helike, snail-shell.] A peptic fer- ment extracted from snails. helicopodia (hel'i-ko-po'dl-ah) [G. helix (Jielik-), a. coil, -I- pous {pod-) , a foot. ] A gait in which the foot drags and describes a partial curve. helicotrema (hel-I-ko-tre'mah) [helix, a spiral, -1- trema, a hole.] A semilunar opening between the free ciu'ved edge of' the lamina of the modiolus and the hamulus of the lamina spiralis ossea, through which the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani of the cochlea communicate with one another. heliencephalitis (he-U-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G. helios, sun, + enkephalos, brain, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation of the brain following sunstroke. he"liopho'bia [G. helios, sun, -I- phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays. helio'sls [G. helios, sun.] Stuistroke. heliotazis (he-H-o-tak'sis) [G. helios, sun, + taxis, orderly arrangement.] A form of phototaxis, and perhaps of thermotaxis, in which there is a ten- dency to growth or movement toward (positive h.) or away from (negative h.) the sun or the sunlight ; heliotropism. heliotherapy (he-U-o-ther'a-pI) [G. helios, sun, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by exposure to the direct rays of the sun. heliot'ropin. Piperonal, a methylene derivative of protocatechuic aldehyde, used as a perfume. heliotropism (he-ll-ot'ru-pizm) [G. helios, sun, + trope, a turning.] Heliotaxis. Heliozo'a [G, helios, sun, + zoon, animal.] Sun- animals, a subclass of Aciinopoda in which there is no chitinous capsule dividing the endo- plasm from the ectoplasm; chiefly fresh- water forms. he'lium. A gaseous element, symbol He, atomic weight 4, first discovered in the stm ; it is produced by the radium emanation, and is possibly the same as the alpha rays of this substance. he'liz, gen. hel'icis [G. coil.] The margin of the auricle, a folded rim of cartilage forming the upper part of the anterior, the superior, and the greater part of the posterior edges of the auricle. Hellat's sign (hel'at) [Piotr Hellat, Petrograd otologist, 1857-1912.] In cases of mastoid sup- pufation, a tuning fork applied to the diseased part is heard for a shorter time than when applied at any other part of the skull. hellebore (hel'e-bor). A plant of the genus Helle- borus, especially H. niger, and of other similar genera. Amer'ican h., veratrum viride. black h., helleborus. false h., American h. fet'id h., stinking h. green h., (i) the rhizome and roots of Helleborus viridis, used for the same purposes as black h. ; (2) American h. stink'ing h., the rhizome of Helleborus fcetidus, employed for the same purposes as black h. swamp h.,' white h., veratrum viride. win'ter h., Enanthis hiemalis, a plant closely allied to Helleborus. helleborein (hel-e-bor'e-in). A glucoside from black hellebore; a local anesthetic, used in the eye; and a heart stimulant in doses of gr. J— J (0.01-0.02). helleb'orin. A glucoside from green hellebore ; narcotic, but exceedingly poisonous. helleborism(hel'e-bor-izm). i. A condition result- ing from poisoning by veratrum. .t. Treatment of insanity by hellebore. helleb'orus [G. helleboros.] Black hellebore, Christ- mas (or New Year) rose, the dried rhizome and roots of Helleborus niger, cardiac and arterial tonic, alterative, diuretic, and in large doses cathartic ; dose, gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13), as a cathartic, gr. lo-is (0.6-1.0). Heller's test [Johann Florenz Heller, Vienna pathologist, 1813-1871.] 1. For albumin: nitric acid is poured very carefully down the side of a test-tube containing urine; the fluids do not mix, but at the place where they touch a white disc appears if albumin is present. ■^. For blood: a strong solution of caustic potash is added to the suspected urine and heated; a precipitate of earthy phosphates is thrown down which is of a red or reddish brown color if blood is present. 3. For sugar; Moore's"" test. Hell'in's law. Twins occur once in 80 pregnancies, triplets once in 80 X 80, or 1,600 pregnancies; quadruplets once in 80 X 80 X 80, or 128,000 pregnancies. Helm'holtz's ax'is Ug'ament [Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholie, German physiologist, 1821-1894.] A ligament forming the axis about which the malleus rotates ; it consists of two por- tions extending from the anterior and the pos- HELMHOLTZ'S AXIS LIGAMENT 436 HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA terior border, respectively, of the notch of Rivinus to the malleus. H.'s the'ory of color-blindness, see Young*-Helmholtz. hel'minth [G. helmins {helminth-), a 'worm.] An intestinal vermiform parasite. helminthagogue (hel-minth'S-gog) [G. helminsQiel- minth-), worm, + agogos, leading.] Anthelmin- tic, vermifuge, helminthemesis (hel-min-them'e-sis) [G. helynins {helminth-), a worm, -f- emesis vomiting.] The vomiting or expulsion through the mouth of intes- tinal worms. helminthiasis (hel-min-thi'a-sis). The condition of having intestinal vermiform parasites. helmin'thic. Anthelmintic, helminthagogue, ver- mifuge. hel'minthlsm. Helminthiasis. helmin'thoid [G. helmins {helminth-), worm, -i- eidos, resemblance,] Worm-like. helminthology (hel-min-thol'o-jl) [G. helmins{hel- minth-), worm, H — logia.] The branch of science which treats of worms; especially the branch of zoology and of medicine which has to do with intestinal vermiform parasites. helminthophobia (hel-min-tho-fo'bl-ah) {G. helmins {helminth-), worm, + phobos, fear.] A morbid dread or delusion of infestation with intestinal worms. hel'mitol. Hexamethylene tetramine anhydro- methylene citrate, C,H507.(CHj)5N4; occurring in colorless crystals, soluble in 10 parts of water; employed as a tirinary antiseptic in doses of 10-15 grains (0.6—1.0.). Heloder'ma [G. helos, nail, -{- derma skin.] A genus of poisonous lizards in New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico, the Gila monster. It is so named because of the tubercular scales which cover its body. heloma (he-lo'mah) [G. helos, a nail.] Clavus, a corn, a callosity on the hand or foot. Helonias (hS-lo'ni(-as) [G. helos, a marsh.] A ge- nus of plants of the family Liliacece, the rhizome and roots of one species of which, H. diol'ca, or Cham-celirium luteum, false unicorn root (helo- nias, N.P.) , are employed in medicine as a vermi- fuge in dose of gr. 30 (2,0); a fluidextraot is official in the N.P. hel'onin. An extractive of Helonias dioica, false unicorn root; employed in intestinal colic and as a vermifuge in doses of gr. 2—4 (o . 13—0 . 25). Helweg's bun'dle (hel'veg) [Hans Kristian Saxtorph Helweg, Danish physician, *i847.] A slender bundle of nerve-fibers in the lateral fasciculus proprius of the spinal cord, connected above with the olivary nucleus ; olivospinal tract. hemabarometer (hem"ah-bar-oii'6-tur) [G. haima, blood, + baros, weight, -i- metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the specific gravity of the blood. hemachromatosis (hem-ah-kro-mS-to'sis). Hemo- chromatosis. hemachrome (hem'ah-krom) [G. haima, blood, -)- chroma, color.] The coloring matter of the blood, hemoglobin. hemachrosis (hem-ah-kro'sis) [G. haima, blood, -\- chrosis, coloration.] An intensified redness of the blood. hemacytom'eter [G. haima, blood, + kytos, cell, + metron, measure.] An appliance for counting the blood-cells; hematometer, hemometer. hemacytozo'on [G. haima, blood, -|- kytos, hollow (a cell), + zoon, animal.] A protozoan parasite of the red blood-corpuscles. he'mad [G. haima, blood, + L. ad, to.] Tow&rd the ventral or hemal (as opposed to the dorsal or neural) aspect of the body. hemaden (hem'a.-den) [G. haima blood, + aden, gland.] Literally blood-gland, a term which has been applied to denote a ductless gland. hemadenology (hem'^-de-noro-ji) [G. haima, blood, -f aden, gland, -1- -ology. j Endocrinology, the science relating to the internal secretions and their relation to general diseases. hemadosteno'sis, hsemadosteno'sis [G. haimas{hai- mad-), a stream of blood, + stenosis, narrowing.] Contraction of the arteries. hemadromograph (hem-ah-drom'o-graf) [G. haima, blood, + dromos, a. course, -I- grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording the rapidity of the blood-current. hemadromom'eter [G. haima, blood, -\- dromos, a course, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the rapidity of the blood-current. hemadynamometer (hem"ah-di-na-mom'e-tur) [G. haima, blood, -f dynamis, force, -h metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for determining the degree of blood-pressure. hemadynamom'etry [G. haima, blood, -)- dynamis, force, -I- metron, measure.] Measurement of the blood-pressure. hemafa'cient [G. haima, blood, 4- L. facere, to make ] Hematopoietic. hemagglu'tinin, h^magglu'tinin. A specific serum constituent (antibody) which causes agglutina- tion or clumping of red blood-corpuscles. - hemagglutination (hem-ag-glu-tl-na'shun). The clumping of red blood-cells." hemagogic (hem-&-goj'ik). Hemagogue (i). hemagogue (hem'S-gog) [L. haima, blood, -H agogos, leading.] i. Promoting a flow of blood, emmenagogue. 2. An agent which promotes a discharge of blood, especially the menstrual flow. he'mal, hse'mal [G. haima, blood.] i. Relating to the blood or blood-vessels. 2. Referring to the ventral side of the spinal axis where the heart and great vessels are located; opposed to neural, h. arch, the ring of the typical vertebra anterior to the central axis, enclosing the heart and other viscera: it is formed in man by the ribs and sternum, h. cav'ity, the cavity anterior to the cerebrospinal axis, containing the thoracic and abdominal viscera, h. spine, the anterior portion of the typical vertebra, represented in man by the sternal segments. hemalbu'min. One of several therapeutic prepara- tions of the albuminoids of the blood. hemal'um. A mixture of hematoxylin and alum, used as a stain in histology. Hemame'ba, Hsemamoe'ba. i. A genus of ameboid parasites of the blood. 2. A leucocyte. H. leucse'miae mag'na, a species asserted to be path- ogenic of myelogenous leucemia. H. leucee'mise par'va, a species asserted to be pathogenic of lymphatic leucemia. hemamebi'asis. Any infection with ameboid blood- cell parasites malaria. hemanal'ysis [G haima, blood.] Analysis of the blood, a blood-examination. hemangioendothelioblastoma (hem-an"'ji(-o-en-do- the"H-o-blas-to'mah) [G. haima, blood, -|- an- geion, vessel, + endothelium -{- blastos, germ, + -Bma.] A new growth of endothelial cells lining the blood-vessels, derived from the mesenchyma. hemangioendothelioma (hem-an"jl-o-en-do-the-H-o'- mah) [G. haima, blood, -(- angeioH, ve'ssel, + endatheliuM -f- -dmu.J A tumor of v&riable size, often located on the cerebral meninges. HEMANGIOENDv. 437 HEMATOCYTOZOON formed of an overgrowth of the endothe- lium of the minute blood-vessels arranged in concentric whorls embedded in a cellular stroma. h. tubero'sum mul'tiplez, an eruption of papules and nodules resembling spiradenoma, but pinkish in color, due to hyperplasia of the endothelium of the cutaneous blood-vessels. hemangioma, pi. hemangio'tnata (hem-an-jJ-o'mah) [G. haima, blood, + angeion, vessel, + -oma.'] A tumor composed chiefly of multiplied and dilated blood-vessels. heman"giosarco'ma. A mixed hemangioma and sarcoma. hemaphe'in [G. haima, blood, -t- phaios, dusky.] A pathological pigment derived from incom- pletely elaborated hemoglobin. hemaphe'ism. The presence of hemaphein in the blood-serum. iemapophysis, hsemapophysis (hem-ah-pof 'i-sis) . The element next the hemal spine in. the typical vertebra; represented in man by any one of the costal cartilages. hemarthro'sis, hsemarthro'sis [G. haima, blood, -1- arihron, joint.] The eflEusion of blood into the cavity of a joint. hemastrontium (hem-a,-stron'sh3rum). A stain used in histology, made by adding strontium chloride to a solution of hemateinand aluminum chloride in citric acid and alcohol. hematachometer, hEematachometer (hem-S-tS-kom'- e-ter) [G. haima, blood, -f iachys, swift, -t- matron, measure.] An instrument for determining the rapidity of the blood-current. hematapos'tasis [G. haima, blood, + apostasis, departure ] Hematoplania. hematapostema (hem"at-a.-pos-te'mah) [G. haima(haimat-) , blood, -f- apostema, abscess.] An abscess into which blood has been effused. hemaf ein. An oxidation product of hematoxylin. hematemesis, hsemateinesis (hem-ah-tem'e-sis) [G haima, blood, + emesis, vomiting.] Vomiting of blood. hematenceph'alon, hsematenceph'alon [G. haima, blood, -i- enkephalos, brain.] Cerebral hemor- rhage. hemather'apy. Hematotherapy. hemathermal, tuemathermal (hem-ah-ther'mal) [G. haim-a, blood, -|- thermos, warm.] Warm blooded, noting a mammal or bird whose blood is of a constant temperature. hemather'mous, haemather'mous. Hemathermal. hematho'rax. Hemothorax. hemat'ic. i. Relating to blood, hemic. 2. A remedy for anemia or other morbid states of the blood. hem'atid, hxm'atid [G haimaQiaimaU), + idios, individual.] A red blood-cell hematidrosis, hsemathidrosis (hem"at-i-dro'sis) [G. haima, blood, + hidros, sweat.] The excretion of sweat stained with blood or blood-pigment. hematim'eter. Hematometer, hematocytometer. hem'atin. A brownish blood-pigment, the acid radicle which unites with globin to form hemo- globin; its composition is given as C3,H34N4FeO,. hematinemia (hem-i-tin-e'ml-ah) [hematin + G. haima, blood.] The presence of hematin in the circulating blood; it has been noted in a case of acute chromium poisoning. hematin'ic. i. Improving the condition of the blood. 2. Hematic(2). hematinom'eter [G. metron, measure.] A device for determining the amount of coloring matter in the blood, hemoglobinometer.' hematinu'ria, haematinu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The presence of hematin in the urine, hemoglobinuria. hematischesis (hem-3,-tis'ke-sis) [O.haimaQiaimat-), blood, + schesis, a checking.] The arrest of hemorrhage. hematischetic (hem-S-tis-kefik) . Styptic, check- ing hemorrhage. hematoagrometer (hem"a,-to-a-e-rom'e-tur) [G. haima, blood, -H aer, air, + matron, measure.] An instrument for estimating the pressure of the gases in the blood. hemato'bium, haemato'bium [G. haima, blood, -t- hios, life.] A blood parasite, hematozoon. hem'atoblast, h^em'atoblast [G. haima, blood, -I- blastos, germ.] Platelet. hematocathar'sis, hasmatocathar'sis [G. haima, blood, -t- catharsis, cleansing.] Purification of the blood; lavage of the blood. hematocele, hsematocele (hem'S,-to-sel) [G. haima, blood, -f- keU, tumor.] 1. A blood-cyst. 2. An effusion of blood into a canal or a cavity of the body, haematoccelia. 3. A swelHng due to effu- sion of blood into the tunica vaginalis testis. pel'vic h., an intraperitoneal effusion of blood into the pelvis, puden'dal h., an effusion of blood into the labium majus. hematocelia, haematoccelia (hem-a-to-se'U-ah) [G. haima {haimai-), blood, H- koilia, cavity.] An effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity. hematoceph'alus, hsematoceph'alus [G. haima, blood, + kephale, head.] A fetus with a large intra- cranial effusion of blood. hem.atochezia, haematochezia (hem-S-to-ke'zI-ah) [G. haima {haimat-), blood, -f- chezo, I go to stool.] The passage of bloody stools. hematochlo'rin, A green coloring matter obtained from the placenta. hematochromato'sis. Hemochromatosis. hematochyluria, haematochyluria (hem"a-to-ki-lu'- ri-ah) [G. haima, blood, 4- chyles, juice, + ouron, urine.] The presence of both blood and chyle in the urine. hematocol'pos, haematokol'pos [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + kolpos, vagina.] An accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina in consequence of imperforate hymen or other obstruction. hem'atocrit [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- krino, I separate.] A centrifuge for separating the solid elements of the blood from the plasma. hematocryal, hsematocryal (hem-S,-tok'ri-al) [G. haima(haimal-) , blood, + kryos, cold.] Cold blooded, noting reptiles and fishes whose blood is approximately that of the surrounding medium. hematocrys'tallin. Hemoglobin. hem'atocyst, haem'atocyst [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -1- kysiis, bladder.] A blood-cyst, an effusion of blood enclosed in a membranous sac. hematocys'tis, haematocys'tis. An effusion of blood into the bladder. hem'atocyte [G. haima, blood, -I- kytos, cell.] A blood-corpuscle. hematocytoblast (hem"3.-to-si'to-blast) [G. haima, blood, -I- kytos, cell, -I- blastos, germ.] Granulo- blast, leucoblast, lymphoidocyte, myeloblast.* hematocytolysis, hsematocytolysis (hem"a-to-si-tol'i- sis) [G. haima(haimat-), blood, -f- kytos, cell, -f- lysis, solution.] Hemolysis, destruction of the red blood-corpuscles with setting free of the con- tained hemoglobin. hematocytom'eter, haematocytom'eteT. Hemocy- tometer; see cut under Thoma-Zeiss. hematocytozoon, haematocytozoon (hem"a-to-si-to- zo'on) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- kytos, cell, 4- zoon, animal.] A protozoan parasite of the red blood-corpuscles. HEMATOCYTURIA 438 HEMATOPOSIA hematocyturia, hasmatocytviria (heiu"a-to-si-tu'rI-ali) [G. haima(haimat-), blood, + kytos, cell, + ouron, urine.] The presence of red blood-corpuscles in the urine; true hematuria as distinguished from hemoglobinuria. hein"atodynamom'eter. Hemodynamometer. hematodystrophy (hem"S,-to-dis'tro-f!) [G. haima (haimal-), blood, + dys-, diflRcult, + trophe, nourishment.] A depraved blood condition, such as anemia or oligocythemia. hematoerythroidin (hem-a,-to-er-i-throy'din) [G. haima, blood, + erythros, red (corpuscles).] A preparation made from the blood of an animal whose thyroid gland has been removed, in- tended for use in the treatment of Graves' disease and of ^ other conditions of hyper- thyroidism. hem'atogen. One of several proprietary remedies containing iron. hematogen'esis, hsematogen'esis [G. haima{haimat-), blood, + genesis, production.] The formation of blood, hematopoiesis. hematogenic, hematogenous (hem-a-to-jen'ik, hem- 3-toj'en-us). Forming blood, hematopoietic. hematoglo'bin, hematoglob'ulin. Hemoglobin. hematogonia (hem"i-to-go'nI-ah) [G. haima(haimai), blood, -f- gone, generation.] Lymphoidocyte, myeloblast.* hem"atoludro'sis. Hematidrosis, hem"atohis'ton. Globin, a protein derivation of hemoglobin. hem'atoid, hsem'atoid [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + eidos, resemblance.] Sanguineous, bloody; re- sembling blood hematoidin (hem-S.-toy'din) [hematin + G. eidos, appearance*] An iron-free substance resulting from the splitting up of hematin in the phagocytic digestion of the effete erythrocytes; it is appar- ently identical in chemical composition with bili- rubin; it may be formed independently of cell-activity and is found in the remains of old blood extravasations and clots. hem'atolith, haem'atolitii. Hemolith. hematorogist. One versed in hematology, one skilled in making blood examinations. hematol'ogy, hsematol'ogy [G. haimafhaimat-), blood, + -logia.} The branch of medicine which has to do with the blood in all its relations — anatomy, physiology, pathology, semiology, and therapeutics, hematolymphangioma, hsematolymphangioma (hem"a-to-limf"an-ji-o'mah) [G. haima(haimat-), blood, + L. lympha, lymph, -f G. angeion, ves- sel, + -otna.] A tumor composed of dilated blood-vessels and lymphatics. hematol'ysis, haematol'ysis. Hemolysis. hematolyt'ic. Hemolytic. hemato'ma, haemato'ma [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + -oma.] A blood-cyst, hematocyst; a tiuiior containing effused blood, h. au'ris, othematoma. hematomancy, hsematomantia (hem'&-to-man-sI, hem'S-to-man'shyah) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + manteia, divination.] Diagnosis by means of blood examinations. hem"atomediasti'num (hem"S-to-me-dI-ah-sti'nimi) . An effusion of blood into the mediastinum. hematometer (hem-Jl-tom'e-tur) [G. haima (haimat-), blood, + metron, measure.] i. Hemocytometer. 2. Hemodynamometer. hematometra, haematometra (hem"a-to-me'trah) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + metra, uterus.] Reten- tion of blood within the cavity of the uterus. hematom'etry, haematom'etry [G. haima, blood, -I- metron, measure.] Examination of the blood to determine the number and varieties of the blood- cells and the percentage of hemoglobin. hematomphalocele, hasmatomphalocele (hem"at-om' fal-o-sel) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + omphalos, umbilicus, -\- kele, hernia.] An umbilical hernia into which an effusion of blood has taken place. hematomyelia, hsematomyelia (hem"a.-to-mi-e'lI-ah) [G. haimaQiaimat-), "blood, + myelos, marrow.] An effusion of blood into the substance of the spinal cord; see hematorrhachis. hematomyelitis, haematomyelitis (hem-4-to-mi-el-i'- (e')tis). Hemorrhagic inflammation of the spinal cord. hematomy'elopore, hEematomy'elopore [G. haima Qiaimat-), blood, -t- myelos, marrow, + poros, a pore.] The formation of porosities in the spinal cord as a result of hemorrhages. hematonephro'sis [G. haima, blood, + nephros, kidney, -H -6sis\ Distention of the pelvis of the kidney with blood. hematon'ic. Blood tonic, a remedy which tends to raise the hemoglobin percentage. hematopathol'Dgy [G. haima, blood, + pathology.] The science dealing with morbid states of the blood. hematopericar'dium. An effusion of blood into the pericardial sac. hematoperitone'um. Hemoperitoneum. hematopex'in [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -f- pexis, fixation.] Hemopexin. hematophagia, hsematophagia (hem"a.-to-fa'jI-ah) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -|- phago, I eat.] i. Living on the blood of another animal. 2. The drinking of blood as a therapeutic measure. hematoph'agous [G. haima{haimat-), blood, -i- phago, I eat.] Subsisting on blood. hematophagus (hem-&-tof'a-gus) [G. haima (hai- mat-), blood, -I- phago, I eat.] A blood eater; referring especially to blood-sucking insects. hematophil'ia. Hemophilia. hematopho'bia [G. haima Qiaimat-), blood, + phobos, fear.] Hemaphobia. hematophyte (hem'S-to-flt) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + phyton, plant.] A vegetable organism, or bacteriiun, in the blood. hematopla'nia, hsematopla'nia [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, H- plane, wandering.] Vicarious menstru- ation. hematoplas'tic [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + plasso, I form.] Relating to blood formation; hemato- poietic. hematopoiesis, h^ematopoiesis (hem"3.-to-poy-e'sis) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + poied, I make.] The formation of blood. hematopoietic (hem"a-to-poy-et'Ik). Relating to hematopoiesis; hematogenic, hematoplastio. hematopoietin (hem-S-to-poy'6-tin). An hypo- thetical substance of the nature of a hormone, stimulating to increased blood-formation. hematopor'phyrin [G. haima(haimat-), blood, -)- porphyra, purple.] A purple substance resulting from the decomposition of hemoglobin; its com- position is that of hematin without the iron. hematoporphyrinuria (hem"a-to-por"fi-rin-u'ri-ah) [hemaioporphyrin + G. ouron, luine.] The ex- cretion of hematoporphjnrin in the urine, occur- ring as a result of the decomposition of hemoglo- bin; it occurs sometimes after the administration of sulphonal, trional, and tetronal, and in other conditions, hematopo'sia(hran"a-to-po'sK-ah)[G. haima Qiaimat-), blood, -H posis, a drinking.] Hematophagia(2). HEMATORRHACiiia 439 HEMIANOPSIA hematorrhacliis, haematorrhachis (hem-^-toT'^-kis) [G. haima, blood, + rhachis, spine.] Spinal apo- plexy, hemorrhage (i) into the spinal canal external to the cord, either within or outside the dura Qi. exter'na); or (2) into the substance of the cord {h. inier'na, hematomyelia). hematorrhea, hsematorrhoea (hem"3,-tor-re'ah) [G. haima(haimat-), blood, + rhoia, flow.] Profuse hemorrhage. hematosal'pinz, hasmatosal'pinx [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + salpinx, a trumpet.] A retention of blood in the Fallopian tube. hematoscheocele, hsematoscheocele (hem-^-tos'ke- o-sel) [G. haimaQiaimai-), blood, -t- oscheon, scrotimi, + kele, hernia, tumor.] An accumiila- tion of blood in the scrotal cavity. hem'atoscope [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + skopeo, I examine.] i. An instrument for spectroscopic examination of the blood, n. Hemoglobinometer. hematos'copy. The ocular examination of the blood by the spectroscope or the hemoglobinom- eter. hematosep'sis [G. haima (haitnai-), blood, + sepsis, putrefaction.] Septicemia. hem'atosin. Hematin. hemato'sis. i. Hematopoiesis. 2. Oxygenation of the venous blood in the lungs. hematospec'troscope. A spectroscope especially adapted to examination of the blood. hematospectros'copy. Examination of the blood by means of the spectroscope. hematospermatocele (hem"S-to-spur-mat'o-sel) [G. haima, blood, -I- sperma, seed, -t- kele, tumor.] A spermatocele containing blood. hematospennia,(hem'S-to-spur'n^-ah). Discharge of blood- tinged semen. hematostat'ic. ±. Hemostatic. 2. Due to stag- nation or arrest of blood in the vessels of the part. hematos'teon [G. haima. blood, -I- osteon, bone.] Bleeding in the medullary cavity of a bone. hematother'apy, hsematother'apy [G. haima, blood, -t- iherapeia, treatment.] The treatment of disease by the administration of fresh blood or of some preparation from blood. hematother'mal. Hemathermal. hematotho'rax. The presence of blood in the chest; hemothorax. hematotox'ic. Relating to toxemia. hematotox'in. Hematoxin, hemolysin. hematotrachelos, hasmatotrachelos (hem-S-to-trd- ke'los) [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, + trachelos, neck.] Distention of the cervix uteri with accumulated blood. hematotym'panum. Accumulation of blood in the tympaniun, or middle ear. hematox'ic. Hematotoxic, relating to toxemia. hematoz'in, A specific blood poison, hemolysin. hematox'ylin. A yellowish crystalline compound, Ci,Hi,0„ containing the coloring matter of hema- toxylon or logwood ; used as a dye in histology. hematox'ylon. Haematoxylon* (N.P.), hasma- toxyli ligni (Br.), logwood. hematozo'ic, hsematozo'ic [G. haima, blood, + zoon, animal.] Parasitic in the blood of vertebrates, noting certain protozoa. hematozo'on, hsematozo'on [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -I- zoon, animal.] An animal parasite of the blood. bematu'ria, hsematu'ria [G. haimaQiaimat-), blood, -(- ouron, urine.] The passage of blood in the urine. angioneurot'ic h., renal epistaxis.* hemautograph (hem-aw'to-graf) [G. haima, blood, + autos,'seli, + graphs, I write.] A tracing made on a moving strip of paper by a minute spurt from a punctured artery. hemelytrometra, haemelytrometra (hem-el"I-tro-me'- trah) [G. haima, blood, + elytron, vagina, -H metra, uterus.] An acctmiulation of blood in both uterus and vagina in cases of imperforate hymen. hemen"dothelio'ina. A tumor due to proliferation of the endothelium of the blood-vessels. hemeralopia (hem"er-al-o'pl-ah) [G. hemera, day, -I- alaos, obscure, + dps, eye.] 1. Day-bUndness, inability to see as distinctly in a bright light as in a dim one. 2. Often incorrectly used to denote night-blindness, or nyctalopia. hemesia (hem-e'si-ah). Trade name of a prepa- ration of quinine and urea hydrochloride, employed as a local anesthetic. hemi- [G.] A prefix signifying one-half. hemiablepsia (hem'^-S-blep'sl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, -f- a- priv. -I- blepo, I see.] Hemianopsia. hemiacar'dius [G. hemi-,'haii, + o- priv. -I- kardia, heart.] One of twin fetuses, in which only a part of the circulation is effected by its own heart, the rest being moved by the heart of the other twin. hemiachromatopsia (hem"I-a.-kro-ma-top'sI-ah) [G. hemi-, half, -I- a- priv. + chroma, color, + opsis, vision.] Loss of color perception in the half of each visual field, color hemianopsia. hemiageusia, hemiaguestia (hem-e-S-gu'sI-ah, hem- e-a-gus'tl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + a- priv. + geusis, taste.] Loss of the sense of taste on one lateral half of the tongue. hemialbu'min. Hemiprotein. hemialbumose (hem-I-al'bu-moz). Propeptone, a crystalline albuminoid product of the digestion of certain proteins with pepsin or trypsin; it occurs also in the bone-marrow. hemialbumosu'ria. The presence of hemialbimiose in the urine. hemialgia (hem-i-al'ji-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + algos, pain.] Pain affecting one entire half of the body. hemiamblyo'pia. Amblyopia affecting one-half of the visual field. hemiamyosthenia (hem"I-am"i-o-sthe'nJ-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + u- priv. + niys (myo-), muscle, + stheneia, strength.] Hemiparesis, muscular weakness involving one side of the body. hemianacu'sia [G. hemi-, half, + an- priv. + akousis, hearing.] Deafness in one ear. hemianalge'sia. Analgesia, or loss of sensibility to pain, affecting one side of the body. hemianesthesia, hemiaiiaesthesia (hem"J-an-es-the'- zl-ah). Anesthesia, or loss of tactile sensibility, on one side of the body, alter'nate h., h. affect- ing the head on one side and the body and extrem- ities on the other side, crossed h., alternate h. hemiano'pia [G. hemi-, half, -f- an- priv. -f dps, eye.] Hemianopsia. hemianop'sia [G. hemi-, half, + an- priv. -f opsis, vision.] Loss of vision for one-half of the visual field, ab'solute h., h. as regards color, light, and form, bilat'eral h., h. affecting both eyes, bina'- sal h., crossed h. binoc'ular h., bilateral h. bitem'poral h., crossed h. complete' h., h. involv- ing the entire half of each eye. crossed h., heteronymous h., loss of sight in the inner (6t»a- sal h.) or the outer (bitemporal h.) half of the visual field of each eye. equilat'eral h., homon- ymous h. heteron'ymous h., crossed h. ho- mon'ymous h., lateral or equilateral h., loss of sight in the corresponding (right or left) lateral halves of the eyes, incomplete' h., h. involving less than half the visual field of each eye. lat'eral HEMIANOPSIA 440 HEMIOPALGIA h.) homonymous h. quadran'tic h., tetartanopia. rel'ative h., h. regarding only the color sense or form sense or both, the light sense remaining. imilat'eral h., unioc'ular h., loss of sight in half the visual field of one eye only. hemianosmia (hem"I-an-oz'mI-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + an- priv. + os-me, smell.] Loss of smell on one side. hemiapraxia (hem"![-S.-prak'sJ-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + apraxia.} Apraxia affecting one side of the body. hemiasynergia (hem-j[-as-in-ur'j!t-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + a- priv. + syn, with, + ergon, work.] Asynergia affecting one lateral half of the body. hemiatax'ia. Ataxia affecting one side of the body. hemiathetosis (hem"J-S.-the-to'sis). Athetosis affect- ing one hand, or one hand and foot, only. hemiatrophy (hem-i-at'ro-fi) . Atrophy of one lateral half of a part or of an organ, as the face or tongue, fa'cial h., atrophy, usually pro- gressive, affecting the muscles of one side of the face, progres'sive lin'gual h., atrophy of one lateral half of the tongue. hemiballism (hem"i-bal'izm) [G. hemi-, half, ■\- ballismos, jumping about.] Hemichorea; lively shaking or jerking movements involving one side of the body. he'mic, hse'mic. Hemal, relating to the blood. hemicar'dia [G. hemi-, half, + kardia, heart.] One lateral half, including atrium and ventricle, of the heart, h. dex'tra, the right heart, h. sinis'- tra, the left heart hem'icarp [G. hemi-, half, -t- karpos, fruit.] The achene of a bilocular fruit. hemicell'ulose. Any woody cellulose insoluble in water but soluble in a dilute mineral acid. hemicen'trum [G. hemi-, half, + keniron, center.] One of the two lateral halves of the body of the vertebra. hemicepha'lia. Congenital absence of one side of the head. hemiceph'alus [G. hemi-, half, + hephale, head.] A monster with one-half of the head absent. hemic er'ebrum. A cerebral hemisphere. hemichorea (hem-e-ko-re'ah). Chorea involving the muscles on one side only. hemichromatopsia (hem"I-krom-a-top'sI-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + chroma, color, H- apsis, vision.] Color-blindness affecting one-half the visual field. hemichromosome (hem"i-kro'nio-s6in). A lateral half of a chromosome. liemicoll'in [G. hemi-, half, + kolla, glue.] A deriv- ative of gelatin soluble in alcohol. hemicrania (heni-5!-kra'i^-ah) . [G. hemi-, half, -H kranion, skull.] 1. Migraine. 2. Hemi- cephalia. hemicraniec'tomy [G. hemi-, half, -H kranion, skull, -I- ektome, excision.] Hemicraniotomy, hemicra'nin. Trade name of a powder said to con- sist of acetphenetidin and caffeine citrate ; dose as an antineuralgic, gr. 7i-i5 (0.5-1.0). hemicranio'sis [G. hemi-, half, -)- kranion, skull.] Enlargement of one side of the cranium. hemlcraniot'omy [G. hemi-, half, -1- kranion, skull, -I- tome, cut.] Separation and reflection of the greater part or all of one-half of the cranium, as a preliminary to an operation upon the brain. hemicycUc (hem-I-si'klik) [G. hemi-, half, + kyklos, circle.] In botany, noting a flower in which the parts are disposed, some in whorls, others in spirals. hemides'mus [G. hemi-, half, -I- desmos, band, noting the appearance of raveled fibers.] Indian sarsa- parilla, the dried root (hemides'mi ra'dix, B.P.) of Hem-idesmus indicans, a twining plant of India ; employed as an antisyphilitic and in Bright 's disease in doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0—2.0) in a, i— 10 infusion. hemidiaphoresis (hem"!(-di-S,-fo-re'sis). Diaphoresis, or sweating, on one side of the body. hemidrosis (hem-i-dro'sis). ±. Hematidrosis. 2. Hemihidrosis. hemidysesthesia, hemidysaesthesia (hem"I-dis-es-the'- zl-ah). Dysesthesia, or impairment of the sense of touch, affecting one lateral half of the body. hemidystrophy (hem-J-dis'tro-fl) [G. hemi-, half, -{- dys-, difficult, -H irophe, nourishment.] A con- dition of inequality in development of the two sides of the body. hemielastin (hem-I-e-las'tin). The product of the hydrolysis or digestion of elastin. hemienceph'alus [G. hemi-, half, + enkephalos, brain.] A monster with but one cerebral hemi- sphere. hemiep'ilepsy. One-sided epilepsy, an epileptic attack in which the convulsions occur on one side of the body only. hemigeusia (hem-I-ju'sl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + geusis, taste.] Loss of the sense of taste in one lateral half of the tongue. hemigloss'al. Hemilingual. hemiglossitis (hem-I-glos-i'(e')tis) [G. hemi-, half, 4- glossa, tongue, -f- -itis,] A vesicular eruption on one side of the tongue and the corresponding inner surface of the cheek, probably a form of herpes zoster. hemihidro'sis. Hemidiaphoresis. hemihypalgesia (hem"l-hi-pal-je'zl-ah). A partial loss of sensibility to pain, or hypalgesia, affecting one lateral half of the body. hemihyperesthesia, hemihyperaesthesia (hem"i-hi"- per-es-the'zl-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + hyper, over, -{- aisthesis, sensation.] Hyperesthesia, or increased tactile and painful sensibility, affecting one side of the body. hemihyperidrosis (hem"I-hi-per-i-dro'sis) [G. hemi-, half, -I- hyper, over, -I- hidrosis, sweating.] In- creased sweating confined to one side of the body. hemihyperto'nia [G. hemi-, half, + hyper, over, -f- ionos, tone.] Exaggerated muscular tonicity on one lateral half of the body. hemihyper'trophy. Muscular hypertrophy of one side of the face or body. hemihypesthesia (hem-i-hi-pes-the'zi-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + hypo, under, -\- aisthesis, sensation. Diminished sensibility in one lateral half of the body. hemihypoesthesia (hem-S-hi-po-es-the'zi-ah) . Hemihypesthesia. hemihypoto'nia [G. hemi-, half, -1- hypo, under, -(- tonos, tone.] A partial loss of muscular tonicity on one side of the body hemilaryngectomy (hem-I-lar-in-jek'to-ml) [G. hemi-, half, -|- larynx(laryng-), larynx, -I- ektomS, excision.] Excision of one lateral half of the larynx. hemllat'eral. Relating to one lateral half. hemilin'gual [G. hemi-, half, + L. lingua, tongue.] Relating to one lateral half of the tongue. hemlmelia (hem"l-me'll-ah) [see hemimelus.] A monstrosity marked by defects in the limbs. hemim'elus [G. hemi-, half, -)- melos, limb.] A monster with imperfect extremities. he'min, hae'min. Hematin hydrochloride, a brown- ish red crystalline substance composing Teich- mann's* crystals. hemiopal'gia [G. hemi-, half, + dps, eye, -)- algos, pain.] Pain in one eye, usually accompanied with hemicrania. HEMIOPIA 441 HEMODROMOMETER hemiopia (hem-J-o'pi-ah). [G. hSmi-, half, + ops, eye.] Hemianopsia. hemiop'ic. Relating to hemiopia. hemip'agus [G. hemi-, half, + pagos, fastened.] A twin monster joined at the thorax. hemiparanesthe'sia, hemiparanaesthe'sia [G. hemi-, half, + ^ara, beyond, + a«aisifeeita, insensibility.] Anesthesia of one lower extremity, or of the lower part of one side of the body. hemiparaplegia (hem"l-par-ah-ple'jl-ah). Paraplegia on one side only, paralysis of one leg. hemipai'esis. Slight paralysis affecting one side only. hemipep'tone [G. hemi-, half.] One of the two compounds resulting from the splitting of ampho- peptone; upon further digestion it forms tyrosin, leucin, amidoacids, etc. hemiplegia (hem"l-ple'il-ah) [G. hemi-, half, + plSge, a stroke.] Paralysis of one side of the body and of the opposite side of the face, alter'nate h., paral- ysis of facial muscles on one side and of the ex- tremities on the other, due to a unilateral lesion of the pons; Gubler's paralysis, ascend'ing h., as- cending paralysis* affecting one lateral half of the body, crossed h., alternate h. fa'cial h., paralysis of one side of the face, the muscles of the extremities being unaffected, hephes'tic h., spasmodic h. affecting smiths; see the adjective. hered'itaiy h., h. with atrophy, present at birth. in'fantile h., birth palsy.* hemiplegic (hem-J-ple'jik). Relating to hemi- plegia. hemiprotein (hem-I-pro'te-in). A protein con- taining only the molecular group which is digested by trypsin. Hemiptera (hem-ip'tS-rah) [G. hemi-, half, + pteron, wing.] An order of the Insecta, mostly suctorial and parasitic. hemiscoto'sis [G. hemi, half, -h skotosis, a darken- ing.] Hemianopsia. hemisep'tum. A lateral half of any septian. hemiso'mus [G. hemi-, half, -I- soma, body.] A monster with half the body very imperfectly developed. hem'ispasm. A spasm affecting one or more muscles of one side of the face or body only hemisphserium (hem"i-sfe'ri-um) [G. hemi-, half, -H sphaira, sphere.] Hemisphere, the lateral half of the cerebrum or cerebellum, h. bul'bi ure'- thrsB [BNA], one of the lateral halves of the bulb of the urethra which are separated by a median groove on the posterior part of the under surface. hemisphere (hem'J-sfer). Hemisphsrium. hemisporosis (hem"i-spo-ro'sis) . Infection with a fungus, Hemispora stellata, marked by gumma- like swellings in bone and other tissues, which may ulcerate in the later stages. hemisystole (hem"l-sis'to-le). Contraction of the left ventricle following every • second auricular contraction only, so that there is but one pulse beat to every two heart beats. hemiterata (hem-I-ter'ah-tah) [G. hemi-, half, -I- ieraia, pi. of teras, a monster.] Persons with con- genital malformations which are not so marked or so disabling as to merit the term monster for their possessors. hemiterat'ic. Relating to hemiterata. hemithermoanesthesia, hemithermoansesthesia. (heni"I-thur'mo-an-es-the'zI-ah). Loss of sensi- bility to heat and cold affecting one side of the body. hemito'mias [G. hemi-, half, -I- tomias, eimuch. A man with but one testis. hemito'nia. Hemihypertonia. hemitox'in [G. hemi-, half, -(- ioxin.l A toxin of half the normal strength. hemitre'mor. Tremor affecting the muscles of one side of the body. hem'lock. Conium. heme-, hsmo- [G. haima, blood.] A prefix signify- ing blood. hemoalkalimeter (hem"o-al-ka-lim'e-tur) [G. metron, measure.] A device for determining the degree of alkalinity of the blood. hem'oblast. 1. Hematoblast, platelet. 2. Ery- throblast. hemoce'lom. Hasmocoelom. hemochromatosis, haemochromatosis (hem-o-kro- m4-to'sis) [G. haima, blood, -H chroma, color.] A disease characterized by extensive pigmenta- tion of the tissues, accompanied by atrophic or cirrhotic changes in the pancreas or liver. hemochromogen, hsmochromogen (hem-o-kro'mo- jen) [G. haifna, blood, + chroma, color, + gennao, " I produce.] A crystalline pigment derived from hemoglobin. hemochromometer (hein"o-kro-mom'e-tur) [G. hai- ma, blood, -f chroma, color, + metron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood. hem"ochromom'etry. The determination of the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood. hemocla'sia, hemoc'lasis, hsemoc'lasis [G. haima, blood, + klasis, a breaking.] Hemolysis, de- struction of the red blood-corpuscles. hemoclas'tlc. Hemolytic. hemococcidium, haemococcidium (hem"o-kok- sid'I-um.) Plasmodium. hemoco'nia, hsmoco'nia [G. haima, blood, + konis, dust.] Blood-dust. hemocordosis (hem"o-ko-n[-o'sis). A condition in which there is an abnormal amount of blood-dust, or hemoconia, in the blood. hemocryoscopy, haemocryoscopy (hem"o-kri-os'- ko-pi) [G. haima, blood, -t- kryos, cold, -|- skoped, I examine.] Determination of the freezing point of blood. hemocrys'tallin. Hemoglobin. hemocyte, hxmocyte (hem'o-sit) [G. haima, blood, -1- kytos, cell.] A blood-corpuscle, hematocyte. hemocytol'ysis. Hematocytolysis, hemolysis. hemocytometer, hasmocytometer (hem-o-si-tom'e- tur) [G. haima, blood, -)- kytos, cell, + metron, measure.] An apparatus for estimating the num- ber of corpuscles in a given quantity (cubic millimeter) of blood. hem"ocytotrip'sis [G. haima, blood, + kytos, cell, -I- tripsis, a grinding.] The fragmentation of red blood-corpuscles. hemocytozoon, haemocytozoon (hem-o-si-to-zo'on) [G. haima, blood, -t- kytos, cell, -I- zoon, animal.] An animal parasite of the red blood-corpuscles, hematobium. hemodiagnosis (hem"o-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis by means of examination of the blood. hemodi'astase. An amylolytic ferment in the blood. hemodromograph, haemodromograph (hem"o-drom'- o-graf) [G. haima, blood, -(- dromos, course, -t- grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording the rapidity of the blood-current, hemadromo- graph. hemodromometer, haemodromometer (hem"o-dr6- mom'e-ter) [G. haima, blood, + dromos, course, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the rapidity of the blood circulation, hemadromom- eter. HEMODYNAMIC 442 HEMOPHTHISIS, H^MOPHTHISIS hemodynamic (hem-o-di-nam'ik) . Relating to the blood circulation. hemodynam'ics [G. haima, blood, + dynamis, power.] The study of the blood-pressure. hemodynamom'eter [G. haima, blood, + dynamis, force, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the blood-pressure, hemadynamom- eter. hemodystrophy (hem-o-dis'tro-fJ) . Hematodys- trophy. hemofer'nun [G. haima, blood, -1- L. ferrum, iron.] The iron content of hemoglobin. hemoflagellate (hem-o-flaj'el-ate). A protozoan organism of the class Flagellaia, occurring as a parasite in the blood of vertebrates. hemofus'cin [G. haima, blood, + L. fuscus, brown.] A brown pigment derived from hemoglobin. hemogall'ol. A reddish brown powder, obtained from hemoglobin by deoxidation by means of pyrogallolj employed in anemic conditions in doses, of gr. 4-8 (o . 25-0 .5). hemogen'esis. Hematogenesis. hemogen'ic. Hematogenic. hemoglo'bin, hsemoglo'bin [G. haima, blood, 4- L. globus, globe.] The coloring matter of the blood, a conjugated protein, yielding a simple pro- tein and hematin on hydrolysis. Its approxi- mate formula is CjjgHi^ujNigsOjijFeSj (Mann). It absorbs gases readily, the combination with oxygen being called oxyhemoglobin, reduced' h., the h. remaining after oxyhemoglobin has yielded up its oxygen to the tissues. hemoglobine'mia, hsemoglobinee'mia. The presence of free hemoglobin in the blood-plasma, as in laked blood. hemoglobinocholia (hem-o-glo"bin-o-ko'lI-ah) [G. chole, bile.] The presence of hemoglobin in the bile. hemoglobinom'eter [hemoglobin + G. metron, meas- ure.] An instriunent for estimating the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, indicated in per- centages of the normal. hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u'ri-ah) [hemoglobin + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of hemoglobin in the urine as voided, giving to it a dark reddish color, bo'vine h., redwater fever, Texas* cattle fever, epidem'ic h., Winckel's* disease, mala'- rial h., blackwater fevter, bilious remittent fever, hemoglobinuric fever; a disease associated with malaria, marked, in severe cases, by fever, bilious vomiting, tympanites, jaundice, and the passage of dark colored urine containing hemoglobin ; the general symptoms may be slight or absent; the disease is believed to be of malarial origin, and often appears to be excited by the administration of quinine, though this is questionable, paroxys'- mal h., a form occurring usually in adult males at irregular intervals, often after exertion or expos- ure to cold, tox'ic h., h. occurring after the ingestion of various poisons, in certain blood diseases, and in the course of certain infec- tions. hemoglobinu'ric. Relating to or marked by hemo- globinuria, h. fever, malarial hemoglobinuria. hemoglob'ulln. Hemoglobin. hemogo'nia. Hematogonia. Hemogregarina (hem"o-greg-S,-re'nah) . A genus of gregarines parasitic in the red blood-cor- puscles of certain cold-blooded animals. hemoko'nia. Hemoconia. he'mol. A dark brown powder prepared by reduc- ing hemoglobin with zinc ; employed in the treat- ment of anemia and chlorosis in doses of gr, 2—8 (0.13-0.5). hemoleucocyte (hem-o-lu'ko-sit). A white blood- corpuscle. hemolipase (hem-o-li'paz). A fat-splitting ferment in the blood. hem'olith,; haem'olith [G. haima, blood, + lithos, stone.] A concretion in the wall of a blood-vessel. hemol'ogy, hsemol'ogy. Hematology. hem'olymph, hsem'olymph [G. haima, blood, + L. lympha,lyvaph.1 ±. Relating to the blood and the lymph. 2. The nutrient fluid of certain invertebrates, h. gland, see under gland. hemol'ysin. The substance in a specific serum which effects the destruction of the erythro- cytes. hemolysis (hem-ol'i-sis) [G. haima, blood, 4- lysis, solution.] Destruction of the red blood-cells by a specific antiserum. hemolysoid (hem-ol'l-soyd) [hemolysin + G. eidos, resemblance.] An hemolysin which has lost its toxophore group while retaining the haptophore group, capable therefore of uniting with the blood-cell, but not of destroying it. hemolyt'ic. Destructive to blood-cells. hemolyza'tion. The production of hemolysis. hemolyze (hem'o-liz). To produce hemolysis or destruction of the red blood-corpuscles. hemomediastinum, haemomediastinum (hem"o-me- dl-ah-sti'num). An effusion of blood into the mediastinum, hematomediastinum. hemom'eter. Hematometer. hemome'tra. Hematometra, an accumulation of blood in the cavity of the uterus. hemom'etry. Hematometry. hemonephro'sis [G. haima, blood, -I- nephros, kid- ney.] An accumulation of blood in the pelvis of the kidney. hemoner'vine. An agent possessing hematinic and nervine properties. hem"onor'moblast. Erythroblast. hemopathology (hem-o-pS-thol'o-jI). Hemato- pathology. hemopathy (hem-op'&-thi() [G. haima, blood, 4- pathos, suffering.] A blood disease. hemopericar'dium, hsemopericar'dium [G. haima, blood.] An effusion of blood into the peri- cardial sac. hemoperitone'um. Effusion of blood into the perit- oneal cavity. hemopex'in [G. haima, blood, -t- pexis, fixation.] An agent causing coagulation of the blood. ., hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag'o-sit). A phagocytic leucocyte. hemophil, hemophile (hem'o-fil, hem'o-fil) [G. haima, blood, -t- philos, fond.] Noting microorganisms growing preferably in media containing blood. hemophilia, haemophilia (hem-o-fil'I-ah) [G. haima, blood, -I- phileo, I like.] A disorder marked by a permanent tendency to profuse hemorrhages, spontaneous or traumatic, due to a deect in thef coagulating power of the blood, re'nal h., renal epistaxis.* hemophil'iac. i. Relating to hemophilia. 2. A person suffering from hemophilia. hemopho'bia [G. haima, blood, + phobos, fear.] i. A morbid aversion to the sight of blood. 2. A morbid fear of bleeding. hemophthal'mia, heemophthal'mia [G. haima, blood, H- ophthalmos, eye.] An effusion of blood into the eyeball. hemophthal'mus. Hemophthalmia. aomophthisis, hasmophthisis (hem-of-thi'(the')sis) [G. haima, blood, + phthisis, consumption.] Anemia due to the destruction, or deficient forma- tion, of the red blood-cells. HEMOPLASTIC 443 HEMOSIDERIN hemoplas'tic [G. haima, blood, + plasso, I form.] Hematoplastic, hematopoietic. hemoplas'tiii. Trade name of a serum prepara- tion said to be composed chiefly of prothrombin and anti-antithrombin; a clear amber-colored fluid, employed by intravenous injection as a hemostatic in hemophilia, purpura, hemoptysis, and other hemorrhages. hemopleuropneumonic syndiome (hem'o-plu'ro- nu-mon'ik sin'drom). Hemoptysis, sudden dys- pnea, moderate tachycardia, and a fever, with tubular breathing over the middle zone of the chest and dullness at the base, indicating a. pneumonia combined with hemothorax ih cases of punctured wounds of the chest. hemopneumothoraz, hsemopneumothorax (hem"o- nu"mo-tho'raks) [G. haima, blood, -t- pneuma, air, -I- thorax.'\ Accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity. hemopoie'sis. Hematopoiesis. hemopoietin (hem-o-poy'e-tin). Hematopoietin. hemoprecip'itin. A precipitin acting upon the red blood-corpuscles. Hemoproteus, Hsemoproteus (hem-o-pro'te-us) [G. haima, blood, + Proteus, a sea-god who had the power of assuming different shapes.] Laverania danilevsky: a subgenus of Plasmodium, the pro- tozoan parasite of bird malaria; the sextial cycle is completed in the body of a mosquito of the genus Culex (or Stegomyiaf). hemop'sonin, hsemop'sonin. An opsonin which activates the phagocytes in relation to red blood- corpuscles, erythrocytopsonin, hemotropin. hemoptysis, haemoptysis (hem-op'ti-sis) [G. haima, blood, + ptysis, a spitting.] Bleeding from the lungs or bronchial tubes, parasit'ic h., caused by tKe presence in the lungs of the lung fluke, Paro- gonimus wesiermanni. hemoquinine (hem-o-kwi'ntn, hem-o-kwin-en', hem- o-kwin'in). Trade name of a liquid preparation said to contain the peptonates of iron, manganese, and quinine, and sodium arsenate; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). hemore'nal salt index. See under index. hemorrhage, haemorrhage (hem'6-rej) [G. haima, blood, + -rhagia.] Bleeding, a flow of blood, espe- cially if it is very profuse, acciden'tal h., h. oc- curring during labor from detachment of a normally situated placenta, distinguished from the unavoidable h. of placenta prsevia. bron'chial h., hemoptysis, cer'ebral h., apoplexy, con- cealed' h., internal h. gas'tric h., hematemesis. h. per rhex'in, h. due to the rupture of a blood- vessel, inter'nal h., bleeding into one of the organs or cavities of the body, intes'tinal h., enterorrhagia, melena. intrapar'tum h., h. oc- curring duriiig childbirth, na'sal h., epistaxis. paTenchy'matous h., an escape of blood into the substance of an organ, pete'chial h., capillary h. into the skin, forming petechias, postpar'tum h., h. occurring during the third stage of labor or within the first twenty-four hours of the puer- perium. pul'monary h., hemoptysis, re'nal h., hematuria, sec'ondary h., h. occurring at a more or less considerable interval after an injury or an operation, se'rous h., profuse transudation of plasma through the walls of the capillaries, as in serous diarrhea, unavoid'able h., h. occurring during labor in cases of placenta praevia, dis- tinguished from accidental h. arrest of, hemostasia, hemostasis. causing, hemor- rhagenic, hemorrhagiparous. checking, styptic, hemo- static, anthemorrhagic, epistatic, hematischetic, staltic. fear of, hemaphobia. from bladder, cystorrhagia. from bowels, melena, enterorrhagia, hematochezia, hematodiarrhea. from breast, mastorrhagia. from bronchi, bronchorrhagia, hemoptysis, from ear, otorrhagia, from Fallopian tube, salpingorrhagia. from fauces, hematismus, isthmorrhagia. from gums, stomatorrhagia gingivarum, ulorrhagia, ulorrhea. from kidney, nephremorrhagia, nephrorrhagia. from liver, hepatorrlmgia. from lungs, pneumorrhagia, hemoptysis, from mouth, stomatorrhagia, hsmorrha- gia ons. from nose, epistaxis, hemorrhinia, nosebleed, rhinorrhagia, hsemorrnagia narium, stalaxis narium. from; penis, stymatorrhagia, stymatosis, urethrorrha- gia, phallorrhagia. from rectum, hsemorrhagia proc- tica. from skin, hematidrosis, hematopedesis, hemo- diapedesis, diapedesis. from stomach, gastrorrhagia, hematemesis, black vomit, from ureter, ureterorrha- gia. from urethra, urethrorrbagia. from uterus, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, hematysteria. from vagina, colporrhagia. iiom vulva, episiorrhagia. into abdomen, hematocelia, hemoperitoneum. into brain, encephalorrhagia, hematencephalon, cerebral apoplexy, into eye, hematopsia, hemophthalmia. into joint, hemarthrosis. into mediastintmi, hemo- mediastinum. into medullary cavity of bone, hemat- osteon. into ^ pericardium, hemopericardium. into peritoneal, cavity, hematocelia, hematocele, hemoperi- toneum. into pleural cavi^, hemothorax. into scrotum, hematoscheocele. into seminal passages, hematospermia. into skin, petechia, vibex (pi. vibices) ecchymosis, purpura, into spinal canal, hematorrha- chis. into spinal cord, hematomyelia, hEemorrhagia spinalis, spinal apoplexy, myelapoplexia, hemator- rhachis^ interne mto tympanum, hematotympanum. into urinary passages, hematuria, hematuresis. into uterus, hematometra, hemotelytrometra, hemometrec- tasia, hematotrachelos (cervix uteri), into vagina, hematocolpos. slight, stillicidium sanguinis, hypor- rhagia, hematozemia, hemorrhea. tendency to, hemo- philia,' hemorrhagic diathesis. hemorrhagenic (hem-6-rS,-jen'ik) [G. haimor- rhagia, hemorrhage, + genesis, production.] Causing hemorrhage. hemorrhagic (hem-6-raj'ik). Relating to or marked by hemorrhage, h. disease' of the newborn', a tendency to spontaneous hemorrhages from the umbilicus or mucous membranes or into the skin, occurring as a temporary condition in the newborn. hemor'rhagxn. A cytotoxin occurring in the venom of the rattlesnake and certain other serpents which causes hemorrhages and extravasation of blood by its solvent action upon the capillar}' endothelium. hemorrhagiparous (hem-8-rS,-jip'a,-rus) [G. hai- morrhagia, hemorrhage, -1- L. parere, to pro- duce.] Hemorrhagenic. hem"orrhaphil'ia, h£em"orrhaphil'ia. Hemophilia. hemorrhe'a, hsemorrhce'a [G. haima, blood, -I- rhoia, a flow.] Hemorrhage. hem'orrhoid, hsem'orrhoid [G. haima, blood, -I- rhoos, a flux.] One of the tumors or varices constituting piles or hemorrhoids.* hemorrhoidal (hem-or-roy'dal) . i. Relating to hemorrhoids. 2. Noting certain arteries sup- plying the region of the anus; see arteria hemoyrhoidalis. hemorrhoi(iectomy ((hem"or-roy-dek'to-mI) [G. ekto- mi, excision.] A cutting operation for hemor- rhoids. hemorrhoids, haemorrhoids (hem'6-roydz). Piles, a varicose condition' of the external hemorrhoidal veins causing painful swellings at the anus. When the dilated veins form tumors to the outer side of the external sphincter, the condition is called external hemorrhoids; when the swollen veins are beneath the mucous membrane within the sphincter it is internal hemorrhoids. hemosal'pinx, hasmosal'pinx. Hematosalpinx, an accumulation of blood in a Fallopian tube hem'oscope. Hematoscope. hemosid'erin [G. haima, blood, + sideros, iron.] An iron-containing substance resulting from the splitting-up of hematin during the phagocytic HEMOSIDERIN 444 HENRY digestion of the effete erythrocytes ; it is probably composed of hydrated ferrous oxide in combina- tion with protein. hemosidero'sis. Hemochromatosis, the deposit of hemosiderin in the liver and in other organs and tissues. hemoso'zic. Relating to a hemosozin; protective of the red blood-corpuscles. hemoso'zin [G. haima, blood. + sozo, I preserve.] Antihemolysin ; an antiserum which prevents hemolysis. hemospa'sia, haemospa'sia [G. haima, blood, + spasis, a pulling.] i . Blood derivation as effected by Junod's boots, Bier's hyperemic method, or cupping. 2. Leeching, blood-letting. hem'ospast. An appliance for cupping. hemospas'tic. Relating to the drawing of blood cupping, or leeching. hemospermia (hem-o-spur'm!-ah) [G. haima, blood, + sperma, seed.] The presence of blood in the seminal fluid. It is called h. spuria when the ad- mixture with blood occurs in the prostatic urethra ; h. vera when the bleeding is from the seminal ves- icles. Hemospo'rea. Haemosporea. Hemosporid'ia. Haemosporidia. hemosporid'ium. Plasmodium, a blood-parasite of the order Hcemosporidia. hemosta'sia, hasmosta'sia [G. haima, blood, -f- stasis, a standing.] i. The arrest of bleeding. 2. The arrest of the circulation in the blood-vessels of a part. 3. Stagnation of blood. hemos'tasin. Trade name of a suprarenal ex- tract. hemos'tasis. Hemostasia. bem'ostat. i. Any agent which arrests, chemically or mechanically, the flow of blood from an open vessel. 2. An instrument for arresting hemor- rhage by compression of the bleeding vessel. hemostat'ic. i. Arresting the flow of blood within the vessels. 2. Arresting hemorrhage, styptic. hemos'tatin. Trade name of tribromphenate of bismuth, or bismuth tribromphenol, employed as a hemostatic and in the treatment of cholera, in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). hemostyp'tic [G. haima, blood, + styptikos, astrin- gent.] Noting an agent which stops bleeding by reason of its astringent properties; chemically hemostatic. hemotachometer (hem-o-tak-om'e-ter) [G. haima, blood, -I- tachos, swiftness, + metron, measure.] Vierordt's* h., an instrument for measuring the rapidity of the flow of blood in the arteries. hemotherapeutics (hem"o-ther-ah-pu'tiks) [G. haima, blood, + iherapeuiike, medical practice.] The use of blood (either transfusion from a human or drinking the blood of animals) in the treatment of disease. hemotho'rax, haemotho'rax [G. haima, blood, + thorax."] An effusion of blood into the pleural cavity. hemothy'mia [G. haima, blood, + thymos, desire, anger.] An insane impulse to murder. hemotox'ic, haemotox'ic. 1. Causing blood-poison- ing. 2. Hemolytic. hamotox'in [G. haima, blood, -t- toxin."] Hemolysin. hemotrop'ic [G. haima, "blood, + tropos, a turning. ] Noting the process of the attraction of phagocytes toward foreign erythrocytes, and also hemotro- pin, the substance effecting this action. hemot'ropin [G, haima, blood, -I- tropos, a turn, direction.] Hemopsonin, erythrocytopsonin. hemotym'panum. The presence of blood in the middle ear. hemozo'in. The black pigment, occurring in the form of minute granules, in the cytoplasm of the ■ hemoprotozoa. hemozo'on, hasmozo'on [G. haima, blood, -I- zoon, animal.] Hematozoon. hemp [A.S. henep.] An herbaceous plant of the genus Cannabis. Cana'dian h., apocynum. In'dian h., Cannabis indica. hemp'seed. Fructus cannabis, an oily seed, similar in some respects to linseed, and sometimes used, like the latter, in poultices. hen'bane. Hyoscyamus. Hen'ke's space [Wilhelm Henke, German anatom- ist, 1 834— 1 896. ] A space, filled with connective tissue, between the vertebral column and the pharynx and esophagus. H.'s tri'gone, a triangu- lar space immediately above and external to the pubic spine, formed by the outer edge of the rectus abdominis muscle and the inguinal furrow. Hen'le's ampul'la [Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German anatomist, 1809-1885.] A dilatation of the vas deferens a short distance above the ejacu- latory duct. H.'s band, fibers of the anterior aponeurosis of the transversalis abdominis which sometimes pass behind the rectus below the semi- lunar fold of Douglas. H.'s cells, large granular cells with small nuclei in the tubuli seminiferi. H.'s fenes'trated mem'brane, the layer of elastic fibers of the tunica intima of an artery. H.'s fi'brin, fibrin formed in the spermatic fluid on admixture with water. H.'s fis'sures, minute spaces filled with connective tissue between the muscular fasciculi of the heart. H.'s glands, tubular glands in the palpebral conjunctiva. H.'s layer, the outer layer of cells of the inner root-sheath of the hair-follicle. H.'s lig'ament, the inner portion of the conjoined tendon in cases in which this structure is divisible into two parts. H.'s loop, the reversal of direction of the urinif- erous tubule near the apex of a medullary pyramid of the kidney. H.'s memTirane, Bruch 's membrane, lamina* basalis. H.'s reac'- tion, dark brown staining of the medullary cells of the adrenal bodies when treated with the salts of chromium, the cortical cells remaining un- stained. H.'s sheath, endoneurium. H.'s spine, spina supra meatum, a small bony prominence anterior to the supramastoid fossa, at the upper and posterior border of the bony meatus audito- rius. H.'s tuTjules, the straight portions of the uriniferous tubules which form H.'s loop, dis- tinguished as the descending and ascending tubules of Henle. hen'na. The leaves of Egyptian privet, Lawsonia inermis, used as a cosmetic and hair-dye. Hennebert's sign (en-bair') [Hennebert, Belgian otologist, contemporary.] Pneumatic sign; in cases of heredosyphilitic labyrinthitis, compres- sion of the air in the external auditory canal causes a slow horizontal movement of the eyes to the side of the lesion, while rarefaction of the air in this canal causes a movement to the side opposite the lesion. Hen'och's pur'pura [Eduard Henoch, Berlin pedi- atrist, 1820-1910.] An infectious disease of childhood, marked by erythema, urticaria, purpura, gastroenteric disturbances, and some- times arthritis. henpu'ye [native term on the Gold Coast meaning "dog-nose."] Goundou. hen'ry [after Joseph Henry, American physicist, 1 797-1878.] A unit denoting the self-induction in a circuit when the inducing current varies at HENRY 445 HEPATOMA the rate of i ampfere a second, the electromotive force induced being i volt. Hen'ry's law [William Henry, English manu- facturer and chemist, 1774-1836.] The amount of gas which can be dissolved in a given quantity of water varies with the pressure; by doubling the presstire twice as much gas passes into solution. Hen'sen's canal' [Victor Hensen, German physiolo- gist, *i83S.] Ductus reuniens, a vertical canal joining the first part of the cochlear canal with the saccule. H.'s cell, one of the supporting cells in the organ of Corti, immediately to the outer side of the cells of Deiters. H.'s disc, H.'s line. H.'s duct, ductus reuniens, H.'s canal. H.'s knot, a knob-like thickening, the first part to appear, of the primitive streak. H.'s line, the light line in the middle of the dark band of a sarco- mere. H.'s stripe, a band of apparently dif- ferentiated structure on the under surface of the membrana tectoria of the organ of Corti. Hen'sing's lig'ament [Friedrich Wilhelm Hensing, German anatomist, 1719-1745.] The left superior colic ligament, a small serous horizontal or oblique fold sometimes found extending between the upper end of the descending colon and the abdominal wall. he'par, gen. he'patis [G.] 1. The liver. 2. An old term for a. brown or liver-colored compound of sulphiu: with a metal h. sul'phuris, potassa sulphurata. h. sul'phtu'is cal'careum, impure calcium sulphide (calx* sulphurata) triturated with sugar of milk, employed in homeopathic therapeutics in boils, pustular eruptions, quinsy, etc., in the 6th to 30th potency. hepar'aden [G. hepar, liver, -f- aden, gland.] A trituration of dried calves' liver with sugar of milk, suggested for the treatment of icterus. hepital'gia [G. hepar (hepai-), liver, + algos, pain.] Pain in the liver, hepatodynia. hepatargy (he-pat'ar-jl) [G. heparQiepai-), liver, + argia, laziness.] Hepatic insufficiency, imperfect functioning of the liver. hepatatrophia, hepatatrophy (he-pat-S-tro'fil-ah, hep- a-tat'ro-fl) [G. heparihepat-), liver, -I- atrophia, atrophy.] Atrophy of the liver. hepatauxe (hep'at-awk'se) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -I- auxl, enlargement.] Hypertrophy or en- largement of the liver. hepatec'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + ekiome, excision.] Surgical removal of part of the liver. hepat'ic [G. hepaiikos.] Relating to the liver. hepaticodochotomy (he-pat"I-ko-do-kot'o-mK). Com- bined choledochotomy and hepaticotomy. hepaticoduodenostomy (he-pat"i-ko-du"o-de-nos'to- ml) [G. hepaiikos, hepatic, + L. duodenum + G. stoma, mouth.] The establishment of artificial communication between the hepatic duct and the duodenum. hepatico enterostomy (he-pat"i-ko-en-ter-os'to-ml) [G. hepatikos, hepatic, + enteron, intestine, -I- stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial communication between the hepatic duct and the intestine. hepaticolithotripsy (he-pat"i-ko-lith'o-trip-sI) [G. hepatikos, hepatic, + lithos, stone, + tripsis, a rubbing.] The crushing of a biliary calculus in the hepatic duct. hepaficopul'monary. Hepatopulmonary, hepato- pneumonic.'*' hepaticos'tomy [G. hepaiikos, hepatic, + stoma, mouth.] The operative establishment of a permanent opening into the hepatic duct. hepaticotomy (he-p3.-1i-kot'o-nxl) \hepatic(duct) + G. tome, incision.] Incision into the hepatic duct. hep'atin. Glycogen. hep'atism [G. hepar(hepai-), liver.] The consti- tutional effects of chronic liver disorder. hepatitis (hep-S-ti' te')tis). Inflammation of the liver, acute' parenchy'matous h., acute yellow atrophy of the liver.* chron'ic intersti't al h., cirrhosis of the liver, h exter'na, perihepatitis. hep'atized. Changed in consistence to that of the liver, noting specifically the consolidated Ing tissue in pneumonia. hepatization (he-pat-i-za'shun) [G. heparQiepat-), liver.] The conversion of A loose tissue into a firm mass like the substance of the liver; noting especially such a change in the lungs in the consolidation of pneumonia, gray h., the second stage of h. in pneumonia, when the exudate is beginning to degenerate prior to breaking down, the color is a yellowish gray or mottled, red h., the first stage of h. in which the exudate is blood- stained, yel'low h., the final stage of h. in which the exudate is becoming purulent. hepato- [G. heparQiepat-), liver.] A prefix denoting liver. hepatocele (he-pat'o-sel) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + kele, hernia.] Hernia of the Ever, protrusion of part of the liver through the abdominal wall or the diaphragm. hepatocholangio-enterostomy (hep"a-to-ko-lan"ji-o- en-ter-os'to-mJ) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + chole, bile, + angeion, vessel, -j- enteron, intestine, H- sioma, mouth.] Hepaticoenterostomy. hepatocirrhosis (hep"a-to-sI-ro'sis) {G. heparQiepat-), liver.] Cirrhosis of the liver. hepatocys'tic [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -I- kystis, bladder.] Relating to the gall-bladder, or to both liver and gall-bladder. hep"atoduodenos'tomy. Hepaticoduodenostomy. hepatodyn'ia [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + odyne, pain.] Hepatalgia, pain in the liver. hepatoenteric (hep"S-to-en-ter'Jk) [G. heparihepat-), liver, -I- enteron, intestine.] Relating to the liver and the intestine. hep"atogas'tric [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -t- gaster (gastr-), stomach.] Relating to the liver and the stomach. hepatogenic, hepatogenous (hep-S-to-jen'ik, hep-S- toj'en-us) [G. heparihepat-), liver, -{- gennao, I produce.] Of hepatic origin; formed in the liver. hepatog'raphy [G. heparihepat-), liver, + graphe, a. writing.] A treatise on the liver. hepatohemia, hepatohsmia (hep"a.-to-he'mI-ah) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + haima, blood.] Congestion of the liver. hep'atolith [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -1- lithos, stone.] A biliary calculus; concretion in the liver sub- stance. hep"atoUthec'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + lithos, stone, + ektom.e, excision,] Operative removal of a calculus from the liver. hepatolithiasis (hep-4-to-lith-i'a-sis) [G. hepar Qiepat-), liver, -f- lithiasis, presence of a calculus.] "The presence of a concretion or concretions in the liver, calculous disease of the liver. hepatol'ogist. One skilled in a knowledge of the diseases of the liver. hepatol'ogy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + -logia.] The branch of medical science treating especially of the liver. hepatolysin (hep-4-tol'i-sin). A cytolysin specific for the cells of the liver. hepatoma (hep-S-to'mah) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + HEPATOMA 446 HEREDOTUBERCULOSIS -oma.] A tumor, especially one of beginning malignancy, of the liver. hepatomalacia (hep"S-to-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. hepar (hepai-), liver, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the liver. hepatomegalia, hepatomegaly (h6"pS,-to-mg- gah'H-ah, hS"pa-to-meg'a-ll) [G. hepar(,hepat-), liver, + megas(jnegal-), large.] Enlargement of the liver, megalohepatia. hep"atomelano'sis [G. hepar(hepai-), liver, + melas, black.] Deep pigmentation of the liver. hepatoneph'ric [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + nephros, kidney.] Relating to the liver and the kidney. hepatop'athy [G. hepar (klpat-), liver, + pathos, suffering.] A disease of the liver. hepatoperitonitis (h e p"5-t o-p e r"I-t o-n i'(ne')tis). Perihepatitis. hep'atopexy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + plxis, fixation.] The anchoring of a movable liver to the abdominal wall. hepatophag, hepatophage (hep'S-to-f ag, hep'S-to-f aj) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + phago, I eat.] A phagocyte which attacks the cells of the liver. hep"atophlebot'omy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + tome, incision.] With- drawal of blood by aspiration from the liver. hep"atophy'ina [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + phyma, a boil.] Abscess of the liver, hep"atopor'tal [G. he par (he pat-), liver.] Relating to the portal system of the liver. hep"atopto'sia, hepatopto'sis [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + ptosis, a falling.] Downward displace- ment of the liver. hepatopneumonic (hep"3,-to-nu-mon'ik) [G. hepar Qiepat-), liver, -{- pneumonikos, pulmonary.] Relating to the liver and the lungs. hepatopul'monaiy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + L. pulmo, lung.] Hepaticopulmonary, hepatipneu- monic* hepatore'nal [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -f- L. renalis, renal.] Hepatonephric. hepator'rhaphy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + rhaphe, a suture.] Suture of a wound of the liver. hep"atorrhe'a, hep"atorrhoe'a [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -1- rhoia, a flow.] Cholorrhea. hep"atorrhex'is [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + rhexis, rupture.] Rupture of the liver. hepatos'copy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, -f- skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the liver. hepatos'tomy [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + stoma, mouth.] The establishment of a fissure into the liver. hep"atother'apy [G. hepar Qiepai-), liver, -I- therapeia, treatment.] i. Treatment of disease of the liver. 2. The therapeutic use of liver extract or of the raw substance of the liver. hepatothrombin (hep"a-to-throm'bin). Leuco throm- bin derived from the liver. hepatot'omy [Gj. hepar (hepat-), liver, + tome, in- cision.] Incision into the liver substance. hepatotoxemia, hepatotozeemia (hep"4-toitoks-e'- ml-ah) [G. heparQiepat-), liver, + toxikon, poison, -H haima, blood.] Autointoxication assumed to be due to improper functioning of the liver. hep"atotox'in. A cytotoxiu specific for the liver cells. Hepatozo'on pemicio'sum. A protozoan parasite belonging to the Haimogregarina, which multiplies in the liver cells of rats and causes a rapidly fatal disease. hephestic, hephasstic (he-fes'tik) [G. Hephaistos, the God of fire, Vulcan of the Romans.] Relating to ix blacksmith, noting especially h. hemiple'gia, smith's spasm, an occupation neurosis, marked by paresis of the arm muscles, in pen-makers, file-forgers, and others whose occupatioa com- pels the making of rapid strokes with a hammer throughout the working hours. Hepp'tine [Maurice Hepp, Parisian physician, con- temporary.] Trade name of gastric juice ob- tained from the living hog; recommended in dyspepsia. heptachromic (hep"tah-kro'inik) [G. hepta, seven, + chroma, color.] Able to distinguish the seven colors of the spectrum; having normal color vision. hep'tad [G. hepta, seven.] A septivalent chemical element or radical. heptagonus (hep-tag'o-nus) [G. hepta, seven, + gonia, angle.] Heptagon, a seven-cornered figure, h. Willis'ii, circle of Willis, circulus arteriosus [BNA]. heptane (hep'tan) [G. hepta, seven.] A parafiine having seven atoms of carbon, CyHig; a mobile, colorless liquid obtained from petroleum and from pine resin. heptatomic (hep"t4-tom'ik) [G. hepta, seven, -f- atomos, atom.] Septivalent. heptavalent (hep-tav'a-lent) [G. hepta, seven, + L. valere, to have power.] Heptatomic, septivalent.* herb (urb, hurb) [L. herba.] A plant the stem of which does not become woody like that of a shrub or tree. herbaceous (hur-ba'shyus) [L. herba, grass.] Noting a plant which has no woody stem or trunk and which dies completely, or down to the roots, at the end of each season. her'bage. i. Vegetation. 2. The succulent parts, the leaves and smaller stems, of a plant. Her'bert's opera'tion [J. Frederick Herbert, Philadel- phia oculist, *i86o.] An operation for obtaining a filtering cicatrix in glaucoma by cutting and displacing, without removing, a wedge-shaped scleral flap. herbivorous (hur-biVo-rus) [L. herba, herb, -I- vorare, to eat.] Feeding on herbs or vegetables, vegetarian. Herbst's cor'puscles (hairpst) [Ernst Fiiedrich Gustav Herbst, German anatomist, 1803-^893.] Tactile corpuscles, resembling Pacinian corpuscles, but much smaller, found in birds. hered'itaiy [L. herediiarius ; heresQiered-), an heir.] Transmitted from parent to offspring. heredita'tion. The influence of heredity. hered'ity [L. hereditas; heresQiered-), an heir.] The trarismission of characters from parent to off- spring, cross h., the occurrence of one disease in a parent and of a different, but allied, disease in the child, as epilepsy in one generation and migraine in the other, knight's-move form of h., the inheritance of sex-limited diseases which affect only one sex but are transmitted by the other sex ; as hemophilia, attacking only the sons but in- herited through the mothers. heredo- [L. heresQiered-), an heir.] A prefix noting ' heredity. her"edoataz'ia. Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary ataxia.* heredolues (her"e-do-lu'es) . Heredosyphilis. heredoluetic (her"e-do-lu-et'ik) . Hereditarily syphilitic. her"edosyph'ilis. Syphilis acquired by the fetus in utero. heredosyphilitic (her"e-do-sif-il-it'ik). Hereditar- ily or congenitally syphilitic. heredosyphilol'ogy. Science in its application to hereditary syphilis. her'edotuberculo'sis. Tuberculosis which is as- sumed to be inherited. HERING'S PHENOMENON 447 HERNIA Her'ing's phenom'enou [H. E. Bering, Austrian physician, *i866.] A faint continuous murmur heard, for a short time after death, when the stethoscope is placed over the lower end of the stemvun; thought to be due to the blood-current caused by the contracting arteries. Her'ing's test [Ewald Hering, German physicist, 1834-1918.] One looks through an apparatus having at the farther fend a thread and a little ball; if binocular vision is present the observer is able to tell whether the ball is in front of or behind the thread, with monocular vision this is not possible. H.'s the'ory of color-blindness : there are three visual substances in the retina — blue-yellow, red-green, and white-black, by the chemical reactions of which color-perception is effected, the absence of one of these substances results in inability to perceive the colors or shades by the reaction of which they are sensed. Hering-Semon hypoth'esis (ha'ring-za'mon) [see Semon-Hering.'i Mnemic* hypothesis. heritage (her'i-tej) [old F. see heredity.] The total of all the characters inherited by the individual. Hermann's fluid (her'mahn) [Friedrich Hermann, German anatomist, *i859.] A hardening fluid of glacial acetic acid 4, 2 per cent, aqueous solu- tion of osmic acid 8, i per cent, aqueous solution of platinum chloride 60. hermaph'rodism. Hermaphroditism. hermaphrodite (hur-maf'ro-dit) [G. Hermaphro- ditos, the son of Hermes, Mercury, -|- Aphrodite, Venus, who became merged in one with a water nymph.] Androgyne, a person whose genital organs have the characters of both male and female in greater or less degree. hermaphrod'itism. The condition of being an hermaphrodite; the seeming occurrence of both male and female generative organs in the same individual, dimid'iate h., lateral h. fe'male h., h. in which the female characters predominate. lat'eral h,, a form in which male organs are ap- parently present on one side and female organs on the other, male h., h. in which the male characteristics predominate, transverse' h., a form in which the external organs are apparently male and the internal female, or vice versa. unilat'eral h., h. in which the doubling of sex characteristics occurs, only on one side. hermetic (hur-met'ik) [G. Hermes, Mercury, also Thoth, the Egyptian god, revealer of esoteric doctrines.] Air-tight. H. art, alchemy, chem- istry. H. med'icine, alchemical, iatrochem- ical,* spagiric, or Paracelsian medicine. hennet'ically. In an air-tight manner, noting a vessel closed or sealed in such a way that air can neither enter it nor issue from it. hermophen'yl. Merouriosodium phenoldisulpho- nate; a white powder, said to contain 40 per cent, of metallic mercury; recommended as a bactericide and in the treatment of syphilis, in hypodermic doses of gr. J (0.02). hernia (hur'ni-ah) [L. rupture.] Rupture; the pro- trusion of an organ or part of an organ or other structure through the wall of the cavity normally containing it. A hernia is qualified by the name of the protruding part, as cerebral h., vesical h., etc.; of the cavity from which it escapes, as abdominal h.; of the structure or part through . which it passes, as diaphragmatic h., inguinal h.; ■ and finally sometimes of another cavity which re- . ceives it, as scrotal h. or labial h. .Earth's h., B4- clard's h., Burkett's h., etc., see the proper names. cer'ebral h., h. cerebri, the escape of brain sub- stance through an artificial opening in the skull. cru'ral h., femoral h. diaphragmat'ic h., the passage of a loop of intestine through the dia- phragm; it is called a true h., when there is a sac of peritoneum and pleura, false when the intestine passes through a defect in the diaphragm and lies free in the thoracic cavity; diaphragmatocele. epigas'tric h., the escape of a loop of intestine through a muscular rent in the upper portion of the abdomen, fem'oral h., the escape of a knuckle of intestine through the femoral canal. glu'teal h., sciatic h. h. antevesica'lis, a h.'in the subperitoneal tissues, projecting inward from the internal inguinal ring. h. duode"nojejuna'lis, a h. in the fossa lying between the duodenojejunal fiexure and a crescentic fold of peritoneum, h. en bissac', properitoneal inguinal h. h. ili'aco- subfascia'lis, a h. the sac of which passes through the iliac fascia and lies in the iliac fossa in contact with the iliacus muscle, h. inter'na vagina'lis testic'uli, a h. the pouch of which is subperitoneal, the testicle and vaginal pouch not having de- scended through the inguinal canal, h. intersig- moid'ea, one into the intersigmoid fossa on the under surface of the root of the mesosigmoid near the inner -border of the psoas magnnis muscle, h. intraepiplo'ica, a coil of intestine incarcerated in an omental sac. h. intraili'aca, a h. in the subperito- neal tissues projecting outward from the internal inguinal ring. h. intrapel'vica, one projecting downward, in the subperitoneal tissues, from the internal inguinal ring. h. ligamen'ti u'teri la'ti, a coil of intestine contained in a pouch projecting into the substance of the broad ligament, h. retropu'bica, a h. projecting downward, in the subperitoneal tissues, from the internal inguinal ring, incar'cerated h., obstructed h., one in which the passage of feces through the protruding loop of intestine is arrested, the blood current in its walls being, however, maintained, in'fantile h., a form in which an intestinal loop descends behind the ttmica vaginalis, having, therefore, three peritoneal layers in front of it. in'guinal h., h. of the intestine at the inguinal region ; a direct inguinal h. passes directly through the abdominal wall at the location of the internal abdominal ring; an indirect inguinal h. passes through the inguinal canal. in"guinocni'ral h., in"guinofein'- oral h., a bilocular or double hernia, both inguinal and (more or less completely) femoral. in"guino- properitone'al h., properitoneal inguinal h. intersti'tial h., one in which the knuckle of intes- tine is between any two of the layers of the abdominal wall, irredu'cible h., one in which adhesions have formed preventing reduction of the intestinal loop without operation, ob'turator h., gluteal h., protrusion of a loop of bowel through the obturator canal, paraperitone'al h., a vesical h., in which only a part of the protruded organ is covered by the peritoneum of the sac. pari'etal h., Richter's h., one in which only a portion of the wall of the intestine is engaged. properitone'al in'guinal h., h. en bissac, a com- plicated h. having a double sac, one pari in the inguinal canal, the other projecting from the internal inguinal ring in the subperitoneal tissues. ret'rograde h., w-hemia the central loop of Which lies in the abdominal cavity, sciat'ic h., gluteal h., ischiocele, enterischiocele, protrusion of intes- tine through the great sacrosciatic foramen, sli'- ding h., slipped h., a h. of the cecum or sigmoid in which a portion of the bowel is outside the femoral or inguinal sac. stran'gulated h., one which is HERNIA 448 HERYNG'S SIGN both irreducible and incarcerated and in which the blood circulation is also arrested, gangrene occur- ring unless speedy relief is afforded, imibil'ical h,, one in which bowel or omentum protrudes through the abdominal wall under the skin at the umbilicus. ven'tral h., escape of a loop of intestine through the abdominal wall at any point other than the normal rings or canals or umbilicus, w-her'nia, double-loop hernia, the presence of two loops of intestine in a hernial sac. abdominal^ laparocele, epigastrqcele (upper part), hypogastrocele (lower part), paromphaloceie (central part), anal, hedtocele. bladder, cystocele, hernia cystica, cerebral, hernia cerebri, hernia cephalica, exencephalocele, cephalocele, fungus cerebri, dia- phragmatic, diaphragmatocele. esophagus, pharyngo- cele. fatty, lipocele, steatocele, hernia adiposa, femoral, femorocele, merocele. heart, cardiocele, hernia cordis, incomplete inguinal, bubonocele. intestine, enterocele. kidney, nephrocele, liver, hep- atocele. lung, pneumonocele. membranes of bram or spinal cord, meningocele, obturator, oodeocele. omentum, epiplocele, hernia epiploica. operation, hemiotomy, celotomy, kelotomy. perineal, mesos- celocele, perineocele, pleural, pleurocele. pudendal, episiocele. rectum, proctocele, hedrocele. sciatic, ischocele, enterischiocele. science of, hemiography, hemiology, kelology, celology. scrotal, oscheocele, hemioschoncus. splenic, lienocele, splenocele, hfimia lienalis. stomach, gastrocele. testicle, orchiocele. umbilical, omphalocele, omphalexoche, exomphalos, exomphalocele. uterus, hysterocele, metrocele. her'nia-knife. Hemiotome, a slender-bladed knife, with short cutting edge, for dividing the constricting tissues at the mouth of the hernial sac. her'nial. Relating to hernia. her'niated. Suffering from hernia. herniation (hur-ni-a'shun) . The process of forma- tion of a protrusion. hemioenterotomy (hur"nI-o-en-ter-ot'o-mi). Open- ing of the intestine following the reduction of a hernia. her'nioid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling hernia. hemiolaparotomy, (hur"nl-o-lap-S-rot'o-niI). Open- ing of the abdominal cavity following the reduc- tion of a hernia, in order to relieve a persisting strangulation of the intestine. herniol'ogy. The branch of surgery treating espe- dally of hernia. her'nioplasty [L. hernia + G. plasso, I form.] The radical operation for hernia/ hemiopuncture (hur-nl-o-pimk'chiir). Insertion of a hollow needle into a hernia in order to reduce the size of the tumor by withdrawing gas or liquid. hemiotome (hur'ni-o-tom). Hernia-knife. herniotomy (hur-nl-ot'o-ml). Operation for the relief of hernia; celotomy, kelotomy. hero'ic [G. heroikos, relating to a hero.] Bold, daring, noting treatment which if it does not relieve may increase the danger. heroine (her'o-en). Diacetyl-morphine, an artificial alkaloid prepared by heating morphine with acetyl chloride; the hydrochloride is employed in medicine, see diacetylmorphina. Heroph'ilus's wine-press [Herophilus, Greek phy- sician of Alexandria, 335-280 B.C.] Torcular Herophili, confiuens* sinuum. herpes (hur'pSz) [G. herpes; herpo, I creep.] An enuption of deep-seated vesicles on an erythemat- ous base; the term embraces two distinct affec- tions: h. simplex and h. zoster, b. circina'tus bullo'sus, dermatitis herpetiformis, h. cor'nese, herpetic keratitis.* h. des'quamans, tinea imbri- cata. h. facia'lis, see h. simplex, h. farino'sus, tinea imbricata. h. febri'lis, cold sore, h. sim- plex of the lips, occurring often in pneumonia and other fevers, h. genita'lis, h. simplex of the penis or vulva, h. gestatio'nis, a pemphigoid eruption, usually associated with neurotic symp- toms, occurring sometimes in pregnancy and disappearing spontaneously during the puer- perium. h. i'rls, erjrthema iris. h. labia'lls, h. of the lips, cold sore, fever blister, the usual localization of h. facialis, h. phlyctseno'des, dermatitis herpetiformis, h. preputia'lis, h. simplex of the prepjice. h. progenita'lis, h. simplex of the genitals, h. sim'plex, an affection marked by the occurrence of one or more deep vesicles- on the vermilion border of the lips or at the external nares (fe. facialis), or on the glans, prepuce, or vulva (h. progeniialis). h. ton'surans, tinea tonsurans, h. yeg'etans, pemphigus vegetans. h. zos'ter [G. zoster, girdle], zona, zoster, shingles, an affection marked by, an eruption of herpetic vesicles on one half of the body along the line of distribution of a cutaneous nerve; it occurs usually on the chest but may appear on the face or elsewhere ; burning, tingling, or severe neuralgic pains may accompany the eruption. herpetic (hur-pef ik). Relating to or suffering from herpes. herpet'iform [herpes + L. forma, appearance.] Resembling herpes. herpetism (hur'pe-tizm). A supposed diathesis, described chiefly by French writers, regarded now as the same as arthritism. Herpetom'onas [G. herpeton, a reptile, -t- monas, unit (one of the Monadidee).] A genus of flagel- lated infusorians some species of which are blood parasites and believed to be pathogenic. The distinction between Herpetomonas and Leish- mania is not yet clearly drawn. H. donova'ni, Leishmania donovani, the pathogenic protozoan parasite of kala-azar, transmitted from man to man through a bedbug (Cimex rotundatus) . H. infan'tum, the supposed pathogenic organism of infantile splenomegaly. H. mus'cse domes'ticte, the type species of H., found in the commori house-fly. H. sarcoph'agse, a species found in the flesh-fly, Sarcophaga hamorrhoidalis. H. trop'ica, the supposed parasite of oriental sore. hersage (air-sazh') [Fr. (from L. hirpex) , a harrow- ing.] Separating the individual fibers of a nerve trunk. Herter's type of infan'tilism (hur'tur) [Christian Archibald Herter, American pathologist and phy- siological chemist, 1865-1910.] Intestinal infan- tilism.* Hertz'ian exper'iments [Heinrich Hertz, German physicist, 1857— 1894.] Experiments demon- strating that electromagnetic induction is prop- agated in waves, analogous to waves of light but not affecting the retina. Herxheimer's fibers (herks'hi-mer) [Karl Herx- heimer, German dermatologist, *i86i.] Minute sjSiral fibrils described by H. in the stratimi mucosum of the skin. H.'s reaction, an inflamma- tory reaction in syphilitic tissues (skin, mucous membrane, nervous system, or viscera) induced in certain cases by specific treatment with salvar- san, mercury, or cacodylates; believed to be due to irritation of the treponema by an insufficient dose of the remedy, hence to be indicative of a failure to cure. Her'yng's sign [Th^odor Heryng, Warsaw laryngol- ogist, *i847.] Absence of illumination of the orbit when an electric light is placed in the mouth, in case of empyema or tumor of the antrum of Highmore. HESCHL'S GYRUL 449 HETEROLALIA Heschl's gy'rus (hesh'l) Gyrus temporalis trans- versus. hesperidium (hes-per-idl-um) [the golden apple of Hesperides.] In botany a many-celled berry with thick wall, such as the orange. Hesselbach's her'nia (hes'el-bahkh) [Franz Kaspar Hesselbach, German surgeon, 1759-1816.] Fem- oral hernia with diverticula through the cribri- form fascia, presenting a lobular outline. H.'s lig'ament, ligamentum interfoveale, a band of fibers extending from the transversalis fascia to the pubic spine at the insertion of Gimbemat's ligament. H.'s tri'angle, a triangular area on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall, bounded by Poupart's ligament, the epigas- tric artery, and the border of the rectus ab- dominis muscle; direct inguinal, hernia occurs at this point. heteradel'phus [G. heteros, other, + adelphos, brother.] A twin monster in which the very incomplete parasite is attached to the ventral aspect of the autosite. heteradenia (het"er-a.-de'nl-ah) [G. heteros, other, + aden, gland.] A condition in which a gland is abnormally located, though possibly otherwise normal. heterade'mc. Relating to or marked by hetera- denia. hetera'lius [G. heteros, other, H- halios, useless.] A twin monster in which the parasite is so un- developed as to be scarcely recognizable as such, and to exist as little more than an excrescence on the ventral surface of the autosite. heterax'ial [G. heteros, different, + axts.l Having mutually perpendicular axes of unequal length- heterecious, heteroecious (het-er-e'shyus) [G. heteros- different, -t- oikion, house.] Having more than one host, said of a parasite passing different stages of its existence in different animals. heterecism, heteroecism (het'er-e-sizm) [G. heteros, another, 4- oikion, house.] The occurrence, in a parasite, of two cycles of existence, passed in two different hosts. heteresthesia (het-er-es-the'zi-ah) [G. heteros, other, + aisthesis, sensation.] A change occur- ring in the degree (either plus or minus) of the sensory response to a cutaneous stimulus as the latter crosses a certain line on the surface. hetero- [G. heteros, other, different. ] A prefix de- noting a difference or a departure from the normal or usual type, heteroagglu'tinin. An agglutinin formed as the result of the injection of an antigen derived from an animal of a different species; distinguished from isoaggluiinin. heteroalbumose (het"er-o-al'bu-moz). An albu- mose insoluble in water, but soluble in acid, alka- line, and saline solutions, heteroalbumosu'iia [G. ouron, urine.] The excre- tion of heteroalbumose in the urine. ieteroblas'tic [G. heteros, other, -I- blastos, germ.] Originating from tissue of another kind; distin- guished from homoblastic. heterocell'ular. Formed of cells of different kinds. heterocen'tric [G. heteros, different, -I- hentron, center.] Having different centers, noting rays which do not meet at a common focus. heterochiral (het-er-o-ki'ral) [G. heteros, other, -(- cheir, hand.] Relating to or referred to the other hand. heterochromia (het-er-o-kro'ml-ah) [G. heteros, other, + chroma, color.] A difference in colora- tion in two structures or two parts of the same structure which are normally alike in color. heterochromosome (het"er-o-kro'mo-sam) [G. heteros, other + chroma, color + soma, body.] AUosome. heterochromous (het-er-ok'ro-mus). Having an abnormal difference in coloration. heterochronia (het-er-o-kro'nl-ah) [G. heteros, dif- ferent, -I- chronos, time.] The origin or develop- ment of tissues or organs at an unusual time or out of the regular sequence, as the development of embryonal tissue after birth. heterochronic (het"er-o-kron'ik) . Heterochronous. heterochronous (het-er-ok'ro-nus) . Heterochronic, relating to heterochronia; referring especially to teratomata composed of tissue occurring in a given locality at a time when it should not nor- mally be found there. heterochylia (het-er-o-ki'll-ah) [G. heteros, different, + chylos, juice.] An apparently idiopathic change in the character of the gastric juice. heterocinesia (het-er-o-sin-e'sJ-ah) [G. heteros, other, -I- kinesis, movement.] Executing movements the re'^ferse of those the patient is told to make. heteroclad'ic [G. heteros, different, -t- klados, a twig.] Noting an anastomosis between branches of different arterial trunks, as distinguished from homocladic. heterocri'sis [G. heteros, different.] An irregular crisis, one occurring at an abnormal time or with imusual symptoms. heterocyclic (het"er-o-si'klik) [G. heteros, other, + kyklos, circle.] Noting a closed-chain* compound in which the ring contains atoms of more than one element; see carbocyclic and isocyclic. heterodermic (het-er-o-dur'mik) [G. heteros, other, + derma, skin.] Relating to another's skin, noting the method of skin-grafting in which the grafts are taken from the skin of another per- son, dermatoheteroplasty. heferodont [G. heteros, different, -I- odous(pdont-), tooth.] Having teeth of varying shapes, such as those of man and the majority of mamnaals; opposed to homodont. heterod'ymus [G. heteros, different, + didymos, twin.] A twin monster in which the incomplete parasite, consisting only of head and neck, is attached to the anterior surface of the autosite. heteroe'cious. Heterecious. heterogangUon'ic. Relating to, connecting, or asso- ciated with, ganglia in different locations. heterogeneous (het"er-o-je'ne-us). Composed of elements or parts of various and dissimilar char- acteristics or nature. heterogenesis (het-er-o-jen'e-sis) [G. heteros, dif- ferent, + genesis, production.] i. The pro- duction of offspring unlike the parents. ■^. Spontaneous generation, aliogenesis. heterogenet'ic. Relating to heterogenesis. heterog'onous. Marked by heterogony. heterog'ony [G. heteros, other, + gonos, generation.] In botany, the condition in which different in- dividuals of the same species have styles and stamens of different lengths, the stigma being in some cases above the tops of the anthers, in others below them. heteroinfection (het"er-o-in-fek'shun). Infection by a virus originating outside the body, as distin- guished from autoinfection. heteroinoculation (het"er-o-in-ok-u-la'shun). Inoc- ulation with virus originating outside the body; distinguished from autoinoculation. hetferointoxica'tion. Poisoning by a substance intro- duced from without the body, as distinguished from autointoxication. hef'erola'Ua [G. heteros, different, -t- lalia, speech.] The habitual substitution of meaningless or in- HETEROLALIA 45° HETEROTOPIC appropriate words for those intended; a form of aphasia. heterolat'eral [G. heieros, other, + L. latus, side.] On, or relating to, the opposite side. heterolit'eral [G. heieros, different, + L. litem, letter.] Relating to stammering or the substitution of one letter for another in the pronunciation of certain words. heterol'ogous [G. heieros, different, + logos, relation.] I. Composed of tissue or cells not normal to the part, said of certain new growths. 2. Derived from an animal of another species, said of sera. heteroi'ogy. A departure from the normal in structure, arrangement, or mode or time of development. heterol'ysin. Any lysin formed in response to the introduction of an antigen derived from an animal of another species; distinguished from homolysin and auiolysin, heterolysis (het-er-ol'i-sis) [G. heieros, other, + lysis, a loosening.] Digestion of one kind of cell or of protein derived from it by the enzyme of another cell, usually a leucocyte. heterolyt'ic. Relating to heterolysis or a heterol- ysin. Heteromastigida (het-er-o-mas-tij'l-dah) [G. heieros, different, + masiix{masiig-), whip.] An order of Zoomasiigophora, embracing those forms which have two or more differentiated flagella, an anterior one used for locomotion, and one or more posterior ones used for other purposes. heteromastigote (het-er-o-mas'ti-got) [G. hetercs, different. ] A mastigote having two flagella, one anterior and one posterior. heteromer'ic [G. heieros, different, + meros, part.] I. Having a different chemical composition, -j. Noting spinal neurons which have processes passing over to the opposite side of the cord. heteTom'eTous. Heteromeric. heterom'eral. Heteromeric (2). heterometaplasia (het"er-o-met-&-pla'zI-ah) [G. heieros, different, + ineiaplasia.'] Tissue trans- formation resulting in the production of a tissue foreign to the part where produced. heterometro'pia. A condition in which the degree of refraction is unlike in the two eyes. heteromorpho'sis [G. heieros, different, + morphosis, a moulding.] The development of one tissue from a tissue of another kind or type. heteromor'phous [G. heieros, different, + morphe, shape.] Differing from the normal type. heteronomous (het-er-on'o-mus) [G. heieros, dif- ferent, + nomas, law.] Different from the type; abnormal. heteronymous (het-er-on'i-mus) [G. heleronymos, having a. different name.] Having different names or expressed in different terms, h. diplo'pia, see diplopia. heterop'agus [G. heieros, different, + pagos, fixed.] A twin monster in which the imperfectly devel- oped parasite, having, however, a head and rudi- mentary extremities, is attached to the ventral portion of the autosite. heteropancreatism (het"er-o-pan'kre-a,-tizm) [G. heteros, other, -t- pancreatism. ] A condition in which the functioning of the pancreas is irregu- lar, the pressure and amounts of the several ferments showing no constancy. heterop'athy [G. heteros, other, -I- pathos, suffering.] Allopathy. heterophasia (het-er-o-fa'zl-ah) [G. heteros, other, + phasis, speech.] Heterolalia. heterophemla, heterophemy (het-er-o-fe'ml-ah, het- er-of'e-mJ) [G heteros, .other, + pheme, a speech.] Heterolalia. heteropho'nia [G. heteros, different, + phone, voice.] i. The change of voice at puberty. 2. Any abnormality in the voice-sounds. heteropho'ria [G. heieros, different, + phora, move- ment.] A tendency of one eye to deviate in one or another direction in consequence of imperfect balance of the ocular muscles ; dynamic, latent, or suppressed squint. heterophthal'mus [G. heteros, other, -t- ophihalmos, eye.] A difference in the appearance of the two eyes, usually due to heterochromia of one or both of the irides. heterophthongia (het-er-of-thon'ji-ah) [G. heteros, different, +phthongos, the voice.] Heterophonia. heterophyll'ous [G. heteros, other, + phyllon, leaf.] In botany, noting a plant with foliage leaves of different forms. heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla'sl-ah) [G. heieros, other, + plasis, a forming.] The production of an organ or tissue where it does not normally belong. heteroplas'tic. 1. Relating to heteroplasia. 2. Relating to heteroplasty. heteroplas'tid. The tissue employed as a graft in heteroplasty. heteroplasty (het'er-o-plas-t!) [G. heieros, different, + plasso, I form.] Surgical grafting with tissue derived from another individual or from one of the lower animals. heteroproteose (het-er-o-pro'te-5z). A primary proteose insoluble in water, but soluble in a 0.5 to i.o per cent, solution of some neutral salt; it resembles native protein more than peptone. heteropsia (het-er-op'sl-ah) [G. heieros, different, + opsis, vision.] Inequality of vision in the two eyes. heteropsychological (het"er-o-si-ko-loj'I-kal) [G. heieros, other, -I- psyche, soul, -I- -logia.} Relat- ing to ideas developed from without or derived from another's consciousness. heterop'tics [G. heieros, different, + optikos, optic] Seeing things that are not, or the misinterpreta- tion of what is seen ; perverted vision. het'eroscope [G. heieros, different, + shaped, I see.] An apparatus for determining the range of vision of a strabismic eye. heteros'copy. The determination of the range of vision of the eyes in strabismus. heterosexuality (het"er-o-seks-u-al'I-ti). Erotic at- traction toward one of the opposite sex. heteros'porous [G. heieros, other, + sforos, seed.] Having two kinds of asexually produced spores, microspores and macrospores. heterosty'lism. Heterogony. heterotax'ia [G. heteros, different, + taxis, arrange- ment.] Abnormal arrangement of organs or parts of the body in relation to each other. heterotaz'ic. Relating to heterotaxia, abnormally- placed or arranged. heterotax'is, het'erotaxy. Heterotaxia. heterother'apy [G. heteros, different, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of a disease by remedies the action of which is antagonistic to the most, prominent symptoms of that disorder. heteroto'nia [G. heieros, different, -1- ionos, tension.]' Abnormality or variation in tension or tonus. heteroto'pia [G. heieros, other, -I- topos, place.] A displacement of parts, local heterology; specifically (i) the occurrence of masses of gray matter of the brain or spinal cord in abnormal situations, or (2) the presence of any cell in a part from which it is normally absent. heterotop'ic. Relating to heterotopia, misplaced. HETEROTOPOL. 4SI HEXONE BAS] heterotopouB (het-er-ot'o-pus) . Heterotopic, re- ferring especially to teratomata composed of tissues which are out of place in the region where found. heterotox'in. A toxin introduced into the body from without. heterotoz'ic. Relating to heterotoxis or a hetero- toxin. heterotoz'is. Heterointoxication. Heterotrichida (het"er-o-trik'!-dah) [G. heieros, dif- ferent, + thrix{trich-), hair.] An order of Ciliaia in which there is an adoral zone of membranelles formed of fused cilia. heterotrichosis (het"er-o-tri-ko'sis) [G. heteros, other, + trichosis, growth of hair.] Variegation in the hair of the scalp or other parts of the body. heterotrophia (het"er-o-tro'fI-ah) [G. heteros, dif- ferent, -I- iro^A^, nourishment.] 1. An unusual or abnormal mode of obtaining nourishment. 2. Perverted nutrition. heterotroph'ic [G. heteros, another, + trophe, nourish- ment.] Noting bacteria and other low forms of plant life which are unable to form protein and carbohydrates, as -the green plants are, from inorganic carbon and nitrogen; distinguished from autotrophic.* heterot'rophy. Heterotrophia. heterotro'pia, heterot'ropy [G. heteros, different, -(- trope, turn.] Strabismus. heterotyp'ic, heterotyp'ical [G. heteros, other, + typos, form.] Of a different or unusual type or form. h. divis'ion, the first of the two divisions of a maturing sex-cell during which reduction of the chromosomes occurs. heterozanthine (het"er-o-zan'thin). Methyl-xau- thine, C6H6N4O2, one of the alloxturic bases found in the urine in gout. heterozoic (het-er-o-zo'ik) [G. heteros, other, + zoikos, relating to an animal.] Relating to another animal or another species of animal. heterozygosis (hefer-o-zi-go'sis) . The produc- tion of hybrids by the union of unlike gametes; cross-breeding. heterozygote (het-er-o-zi'got) [G. heteros, other, + zygotes, yoked.] i. An individual containing both allelomorphs and producing germ-cells bearing one and the other respectively, being, therefore, hybrid in respect of that pair of allelomorphio characters. 2. A zygote produced by the union of two dissimilar gametes of differ- ent stock. heterozygous (het"er-o-zi'gus). Relating to het- erozygosis; produced by unlike gametes; hybrid. hetocre'sol. Metacresol cinnamate, cinnamyl- metacresol, a white crystalline powder, insol- uble in water; recommended for local use in tuberculosis of the bladder, in the form of i or 2 per cent, suspension in saline solution. he'toform. Bismuth cinnamate, used like hetol in the treatment of tuberculosis. he'tol. Sodii cinnamas. het'ralin. Hexamethylene tetramine resorcinol. hettocyrtosis (het-o-sur-to'sis) [G. hetton, less, -)- kyrtosis, curvature.] A minor degree of curva- ture of the spine or of one of the long bones. Heubner's disease' (hoyb'ner) (Johann Otto Leonhardt Heubner, Berlin pediatrist, 1843— 1912.] Syphilitic endarteritis obliterans of the cerebral vessels. heurteloup (hert-loo') [after the inventor M. Heurteloup, French surgeon, 1 793-1 864.] Artir ficial leech. hezaba'sic [G. hex, six, + basis, base.] Noting an acid having six replaceable hydrogen atoms. hexabromdioxydiphenylcarbinol (heks'a-brom- oks'i-di-fen'il-kar'bin-ol). A compound of c sols with halogens introduced as a disinfectant Ehrlich; it is said to be non-poisonous but 2 times more powerful as a germicide than phen hez'ad [G. hexas, the number six.] A sexivale element or radical. hezadactylism (heks"ah-dak'ti-lizm) [G. hex, s -I- daktylos, finger.] The presence of six fingi or six toes on one or both hands or feet. hezalet (heks'S,-let) . Trade name of sulpl salicylic hexamethylene tetramin, recommend as a urinary antiseptic in doses of 15 grains thi or four times a day. hezam'ecol. Trade name of a compound of gu acol and hexamethylene-tetramine, reeo mended as an external application for the re] of the pains of dry pleurisy and in pruritis. hezamethylenamina (heks-am-eth"il-en-ah-m nah). (U.S.). Hexamethylenamine, a c( densation product obtained by the action ammonia upon formaldehyde, C6H]2N4; occi in the form of colorless, odorless crystals, so ble at room temperature in ij parts of wat urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 3—10 (0. 2— o; called also hexamethylene tetramine, form ammonioform, urotropin, cystogen, uritone, c tamine, ammonioformaldehyde. hexamethylenamine (heks-a-meth"il-e-nani'e Hexamethylenamina. h. brometh'ylate, ineth"ylenecit'rate, h. sal'icylate, etc., see unc hexamethylene tetramine. hezanieth"ylene diam'ine. A ptomaine fr( putrefying flesh. hexameth'ylene tetram'ine. Hexamethylenamii h. t. brometh'ylate, bromalin, bromalium, bron formin, bromethylformin, a colorless crystall: powder or scales; a substitute for potassit bromide in dose of gr. 30—60 (2,0—4.0). h.t. car phorate, amphotropin, a light, white, crystall powder, soluble in ten parts of water, emploj in bacteriuria, cystitis, pyelitis, and nephritis doses of gr. 7i— 15 (0.5-1.0) three times a day. h lod'ofonn, iodoformin, a fine whitish powd turning yellowish on exposure to the air;.deco posed by water, liberating iodoform, h. t. met] ylenecit'rate, helmitol, citramine, urotropin n« a white crystalline powder soluble in 10 parts water; urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 5- (0.3-1.0). h. t. resor'cinol, hetralin, occurs white needles soluble in 14 parts of water; reco mended in gonorrheal cystitis in doses of 5-10 (0.3-0.6). h. t. sal'icylate, saliform urotropin salicylate, a colorless crystalline pc der, soluble in water; uric-acid solvent and urinE antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). h, tan'nin, tannon, tannopin, a brownish, tastel powder insoluble in water; employed in diarrl in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3-1.0). hexane (heks'an). A liquid hydrocarbon, CeHi4, the paraiiine series. Hezapoda (hex-ap'o-dah) [G. hex, six, + pc (pod-), foot.] Insects, animals with six feet, three pairs of legs. hezatom'ic [G. hex, six, H- atomos, atom.] i. Ni ing a chemical compound having six atoms. Noting a compound having six replaceable hydi gen or univalent atoms. hexav'alent [G. hex, six, -I- L. valere, to have powe Sexivalent. hex'one ba'ses. Histidine, arginine, lysine, a: other nitrogen-containing amino-acids resulti from the hydrolysis of protamines; they all cc tain six carbon atoms; called also hislone basu HEXOSE 4S2 HIGHLAND SPRINGS hezose (heks'oz) [G. hex, six.] A monosaccharid containing six carbon atoms in the molecule (CeHijOj); dextrose and levulose are the two principal hexoses. hex'yl [G. hex, six, + hyle, stuff.] A hypothetical radical, C,Hj„ occurring in a number of alcohols and other organic compounds. hezyl'amine. A ptomaine, C,Hi,N, found some- times in cod-liver oil. Hey's her'nia (ha) [William Hey, English surgeon at Leeds, 1736— 1819.] Bilocular femoral hernia, one sac being in the canal, the other passing through a defect in the superficial fascia and lying beneath the skin. H.'s inter'nal derange'- ment, dislocation of the semilunar cartilages of the knee-joint. H.'s lig'ament, the upper border, or superior comu, of the s henous opening, immediately below Poupart's ligament in front of the anterior wall of the femor 1 sheath. H.'s opera'tion, amputation of the foot immediately in front of the tarsometatarsal joint. H.'s saw, a narrow saw for use in bone operation. ' Heynsius's test (hin'se-oos) [Adrian Heynsius, Dutch physician, 1831-1885,] For albumin in the urine : the urine is acidulated with acetic acid and then boiled with the addition of common salt; if albumin is present a white cloud will form. HF. Hydrofluoric acid. Hg. Chemical symbol of hydrargyrum, mercury. HgCl]. Mercuric chloride, corrosive chloride, per- chloride, or bichloride, of mercury; corrosive sublimate. Hg^Clj. Mercurous chloride, mild chloride of mercury, calomel. Hg.(HgO)2.S04. Basic mercuric sulphate, yellow mercuric subsulphate, turpeth mineral. Hglj. Mercuric iodide, red iodide, or biniodide, of mercury. HgjI,. Mercurous iodide, yellow iodide of mercury. Hg(IlO,)2> Mercuric nitrate, pemitrate of mercury. HgO. Mercuric oxide, precipitated oxide of mer- cury, red oxide, or peroxide, of mercury, red pre- cipitate. HgjO* Mercurous oxide. HgS. Sulphide of mercury, cinnabar; vennllioa. HgSOf Normal mercuric sulphate. HI. Hydriodic acid. hiatus (hi-a'tus) [L. an aperture.] i. An aperture or fissure, i. A foramen. 3. Vulva, h. aor'ticus (BNA], aortic opening; the opening in the dia- phragm bounded by the two crura, the vertebral column, and the middle arcuate ligament, through which pass the aorta, vena azygos major, and thoracic duct. h. cana'lis facialis IBNA], h. of facial canal, a slit-like opening in the superior (anterior) surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone leading into the facial or Fallopian canal, h. Fallo'pii, h. of Fal- lopius, h. canalis facialis [BNA]. h. maxilla'ris IBNA], maxillary hiatus, the opening into the antrum of Highmore on the nasal surface of the superior maxilla, h. cesophage'us [BNA], esophageal opening; the opening in the dia- phragm, between the central tendon and the hiatus aorticus, through which pass the esoph- agus and the two pneumogastric nerves, h. Bacra'lis[BNA], a gap at the lower end of the sacrum, exposing the spinal canal, due to failure of the laminee of the last sacral segment to coalesce, h. semiluna'ris [BNA], semilunar hiatus, a, deep, narrow groove in the external wall of the middle meatus of the nasal fossa, into which the antrum of Highmore and the middle ethmoid cells open. h. tendin'eus [BNA], the anterior opening of Hunter's canal. h. tendin'eus adducto'rius [BNA], femoral opening, an aperture in the tendon of insertion of the adductor minimus between the adductor tubercle and the upper part of the supracon- dylar ridge, through which pass the superficial femoral vessels. hiberaa'tion [L. hibernus, relating to winter.] A torpid condition in which certain animals pass the cold months. hiccup, hiccough (htk'up). A diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation which is interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis. Hicks' sign [John Braxton Hicks, English gynecol- ogist, 1825-1897.] A sign of pregnancy or of an intrauterine tumor, consisting in rhythmical con- tractions of the uterus. hide'bound disease'. Diffuse symmetrical sclero- derma.* hidradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. hidros, sweat, -f- aden, gland, -f- -iiis.'] Inflammation of the sweat-glands. hidradenoma (hi-drad-e-no'mah) [G. hidros, sweat.] Adenoma of the sweat-glands. hidroa (hi-dro'ah) [G. hidroa.] Sudamina, miliaria. hidrocystoma (hi"dro-sis-to'mah) [G. hidros, sweat, + kystis, bladder, + -oma.] A cystic tumor developed from a sweat-gland. hidromancy (hi'dro-man-si) [G. hidros, sweat, + manteia, foretelling.] Prognosis founded upon the amount and character of the perspiration. bidropoiesis (hi-dro-poy-e'sis) [G. hidros, sweat, -1- poiesis, formation.] The formation of sweat. hidropoiet'ic. Sudorific. hidrorrhea (hi-dro-re'ah). Profuse sweating. hidrosadenitis (hi"dros-ad-en-i'(e')tis). Hidradenitis. hidroschesis (hi-dros'kes-is) [G. hidros, sweat, + schesis, retention.] Suppression of the 'secre- tion of sweat. hidro'sis [G. hidros, sweat.] Sweating, especially excessive sweating, hyperhidrosis, sudoresis. hidrot'ic. Relating to or causing hidrosis, sudorific. hiemalis (hi-S-ma'lis) [L. hiems, winter.] Relating to or occurring in winter. liieralgia (hi-er-al'ji-ah) [G. hieron. sacrum, -I- aZgOi, pain.] Pain in the sacral region. hi'era pic'ra [G. sacred bitters.] Pulvis aloes et canellse (N.F.). This powder made into an electuary with honey was formerly called hiera logadii, hieromania (hi-er-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. hieros, holy, + mania, frenzy,] Religious insanity. hierophobia (hi"er-o-fo'b!(-ah) [G. hieros, sacred, H- phobos, fear.] Morbid fear or awe of sacred things; a neurosis sometimes affecting priests upon attempting to perform their ritual duties. hierother'apy [G. hieros, holy, + iherapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of disease by prayer and religious practices. high-blow'ing. A sound produced by the flapping of the nostrils of a horse when breathing rapidly; the larger, thinner, and more delicate the horse's nostrils, the more easily can he make this noise which is apparently voluntary; the soimd, rarely heard except at the canter or gallop, is generally considered a sign of good wind and good breeding. Highland Spring, Maine. Light alkaline-chalybeate waters. Used for table water. Summer season. Highland Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-chal- ybeate-carbonated waters, 60.4° F. and 77° P. About twenty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, joint-affections. HIGHLAND SPRINGS 4S3 HIPPOCRATIC dyspepsia, neuralgia, disorders of the kidneys and bladder, and in skin diseases. High'more's an'trum [Nathaniel Highmore, English anatomist, 1613-1685.] Sinus maxillaris. H.'s bod'y, mediastinum* testis. highmoritis (hi"-mor-i'(e')t'.s). Inflammation of the maxillary sinus, antritis, sinuitis maxillaris. hik'ry pik'ry. Hiera picra. Hil'denbrand's disease' [Johann Valentin Hilden- brand, Viennese physician, 1763— 1818.] Typhus fever. Hil'liard's lu'pus. Lupus marginatus. hil'lock. In anatomy, any small elevation or promi- nence, ax'on h., implantation cone. Doyftre's' h., the slight prominence where a nerve-fiber enters muscle, sem'inal h., coUiculus seminalis [BNA]. Hil'ton's law [John Hilton, English surgeon, 1804- 1878.] The nerve supplying a joint supplies also the muscles which move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles. H.'s meth'od, division of the nerves sup- plying the part, for the relief of pain in ulcers. H.'s muscle, inferior arytenoepiglottideus, com- pressor sacculi laryngis muscle. H.'s sac, sac- culus laryngis. hi'lum [L. a small bit or trifle.] i. A depression at the edge or on the surface of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter or leave; now usually called hilus [BNA]. 2. In botany, the scar on a seed where it has broken off from its placenta or stalk. 3. The pedicle of the flap in a plastic operation. hi'lus [a variant of hilum.] i. The part of an organ where the nerves and vessels enter and leave. 2. A depression or slit, resembling a, hilus, in the olivary nucleus of the brain, h. li'enis [BNA], a fissure on the gastric surface of the spleen, giving passage to the vessels and nerves of this gland, h. nu'clei denta'ti, the mouth of the flask-like dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, directed upward and inward, and giving exit to many fibers which pass to the brachium con- junctivum (superior cerebellar peduncle), h. nu'clei oliva'ris [BNA], h. of the olivary nucleus, the mesial extremity of the inferior olivary nucleus, h. pulmo'nis [BNA], a wedge-shaped depression on the mediastinal surface of each lung, where the bronchus, blood-vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter or leave the viscus. h. rena'lis [BNA], the opening on the concave border of the kidney through which pass the vessels and nerves and which contains the apex of the renal pelvis. hind-brain. Metencephalon,* epencephalon. Hindenlang's test (hin'den-lahng) [Karl Hinden- lang, German physician, 1834-1884.] For albumin in the urine: a precipitate is formed on the addition of metaphosphoric acid if albumin is present. hindgut (hlnd'gut). Endgut, the last portion of the primitive digestive tube in the embryo, forming the greater part of the ileimi and all of the large intestine. hind-kid'ney. Metanephros hinge-joint. Ginglymus. HIO3. Iodic acid. hip [A.S. hype.'\ The rounded lateral side of the pelvis from the waist to the thigh; more strictly the hip-joint, h. disease', morbus coxarius, coxitis, any disease, especially chronic tuber- culosis, of the hip-jointi quiet h.-d., Legg's disease, Perthes' disease, osteochondritis de- formans juvenilis of the hip. h. flex'ion phenom'enon, see under phenomenon, h. phe- nom'enon, Joffroy's reflex. hip-bone. Os coxae. hip-joint. Articulatio coxae, coxa, articulation be- tween the femur and the innominate bone. hipped. In farriery, noting a horse with fracture at the point of the hip, caused by violence. Hip'pel's disease'. Angiogliomatosis of the ret- ina, the occurrence in the retina of areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia. hippiater (hip-i-a'tur) [G. hippos, horse, -I- iatros, physician.] One who treats the disorders of the horse or other domestic animals, veterinarian; a farrier. hippiatria, hippiatrics (hip-i-at'rl-ah, hip-1-at'riks) [G. hippos, horse, -f- iaireia, medical treatment.] Veterinary medicine ; specifically that branch deal- ing with the diseases of the horse. hippiat'ric. Veterinary. hippiat'ry [G. hippos, horse, H- iaireia, medical treatment.] Veterinary surgery. hip'po. I. A Spanish name of ipecac. 2. An African arrow-poison, probably some species of Strychnos. wild h., white purslane, emetic root, the root of Euphorbia corollata, formerly employed as an emetic in doses of gr. 15—20 (1.0-1.3). hip'pocamp. Hippocampus. hippocam'pal. Relating to the hippocampus. hippocampus (hip-po-kam'pus) [G. hippocampus, sea-horse.] [BNA] Hippocampus major, cornu Ammonis, an elevation on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain; it presents a long curve with convexity outward, terminating anteriorly in a thickened extremity, slightly notched on its surface — pes or digitationes hippocampi; the ele- vation corresponds to the bottom of the dentate fissure (fissura hippocampi), h. ma'jor, larger h., hippocampus [BNA]. h. mi'nor, smaller h., calcar avis [BNA]. hippocas'tanum [G. hippos, horse, -I- kasianon, chest- nut.] Horse-chestnut, the bark and seed of Msculus hippocastanum; has been employed in malaria in doses of 5 J (16.0) in decoction. Hippocrates's cap (hip-pok'ra-tez) [Hippocrates, Greek physician, called the "Father of Medicine," bom in the island of Cos about 460 B.C., died in Larissa, Thessaly, about 377 B.C.] A roller bandage for the head. H.'s cord, tendo Achillis. H.'s sleeve, a long, sleeve-like bag of flannel, used formerly by chemists and pharmacists as a filter- or strainer. Hippocrat'ic. Relating to Hippocrates. H. ' face or fa'cies, a. pinched expression of the face, with sunken eyes, hollow cheeks and temples, relaxed lips, and leaden complexion, observed in one dying of cholera or after a long, exhausting illness. H. fin'gers, a bulbous enlargement of the terminal phalanges, with coarse, longitudinally curved nails, seen in heart disease, phthisis, and other affections in which there is defective hematosis. H. nails, the -coarse, curved nails capping the H. fingers. H. oath, an oath demanded of the young physician about to enter upon the practice, of his profession, the composition of which is at- tributed to Hippocrates; in it the neophyte swears to esteem his preceptor as a parent and to share with him his livelihood, if necessary; to give no deadly drug and not to commit abortion, to keep inviolate the professional secret, not to seduce any member of a household where he is called to visit the sick, and not to cut for the stone, leaving such work to the surgeon. H. HIPPOCRATIC 454 HISTOGENAL succus'sion, a splashing sound heard on auscul- tation of the chest, in a, case of hydropneumo- thorax or pyopneumothorax, when the patient's body is shaken. hippoc'ratism. The imitation of Nature's efforts in the therapeutic management of disease. hip'pol. Methylene-hippuric acid, occurring in the form of colorless crystals; recommended as a urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 10—20 (o . 6—1 .3). hip'polith [G. hippos, horse, + lithos, stone.] A concretion in the stomach of the horse. liippology (hip-pol'o-ji) [G. hippos, horse, + -ology.\ Science relating to the horse; the veterinary specialty of diseases of the horse. Hippomane (hip-om'k-ne) [G. hippos, horse, + mania, frenzy.] A genus of plants of the order Euphorbiacea. H. mancinell'a, a West Indian tree furnishing a poisonous resin, manchineel. bipp'urate. A salt of hippuric acid. hippu'ria. The presence of a large amount of hip- puric acid in the urine, as occurs sometimes in diabetes mellitus. hippu'ric [G. hippos, horse, + ouron, urine.] Rela- ting to the urine of horses ; noting h. acid, an acid, C9H9NO3, occurring normally in the urine of the horse and other herbivorous animals ; it is found in human urine sometimes, especially in cases of diabetes mellitus. hip'pus [G. hippos, horse, from a fancied suggestion of galloping movements.] Spasmodic move- ments of the iris, iridodonesis. respi'ratory h., dilatation of the pupils occurring during inspira- tion, and contraction during expiration; it is often associated with pulsus paradoxus. hip-shot. A term applied to a horse that is de- formed from fracture of the haunch. hip-sick'ness. Mai de caderas. hircfsmus (hur-siz'mus) [L. hircus, goat.] Of- fensive odor of the axilla. hir'cus, gen. and pi. hir'ci CL. he-goat.] i. The odor of the axillae, a. {SNA] One of the hairs growing in the axillae. 3. Tragus. Hirsch'berg's fe'hdle reac'tion [Leonard Keene Hirschberg, Baltimore physician, *i877.] An infectious, febrile disease, suggesting atypical typhoid fever, but not due to Bacillus typhosus, B. coli, or B' paraiyphosus. The fever lasts about three weeks, recovery being the rule; there are no rose spots, no hemorrhages, no spleno- megaly, no relapses, and no diarrhea unless milk is freely taken. H.'s re'flex, tickling the sole 01 the foot at the base of the great toe is followed by adduction of the foot. Hirschberg's meth'od (hersh'berg) [Julius Hirsch- berg, German oculist, *i843.] A method of measuring the amount of deviation of a strabismic eye, by observing the reflection of a candle from the cornea. Hirschfeld's disease' (hersh'felt) [Felix Hirschfeld, German physician, *i86o.] Acute diabetes mellitus. Hirsch'felder's tuber'cuUn [Joseph Oakland Hirsch- felder, American pathologist, *r854.] See under Tuberculin. Hirsch'spning's disease' [Harold Hirschsprung, Copenhagen physician, 1830— 1916.] Habitual con,stipation of young children due to enormous congenital hypertrophy and dilatation of the lower portion of the colon. hirsute (hur-suf) [L. hirsuius, shaggy.] Hairy; having coarse, long hairs. hirsuties (hur-su'te-ez). The presence of an unusual amount of hair, or of hair in unusual locations. hir'udin TT^. hirudo. leech.l A substance extracted from the salivary glands of the leech which has the property of preventing coagulation of the blood. hirudo (hi-roo'do) [L. leech.] Leech, sanguisuga; a blood-sucking aquatic worm, employed in medi- cine for the local abstraction of blood from the capillaries. Hiru'do. A genus of Hirudinea, or leeches, fam. Gnathobdellidas. The species most commonly used in medicine are: H. austra'lis, Australian leech; H. deco'ra, American leech; H. interrup'ta or H. trocti'na, a leech of Northern Africa; H. medicina'Us, speckled, Swedish, or German leech, the species in most general use ; H. afficina'lis, a variety of the preceding; H. provincia'lis, the green or Hungarian leech. H. quinquestria'ia, five-striped leech. His's band or bun'dle [WiUielm His, Jr., German clinician, *i863.] Atrioventricular bundle.* H.'s spin'dle, a fusiform dilatation of the aorta imme- diately beyond the isthmus. His's canal' or duct [Wilhelm His, German anat- omist, 1831— 1904. ] Ductus thyreoglossus. H.'s isth'mus, isthmus rhombencephali. H.'s retro- lob'ular tubercle, a slight projection on the pos- tero-inferior portion of the pinna. H.'s rule, the duration of pregnancy is to be reckoned from the first day of the first omitted menstrual period. H.'s spa'ces, the perivascular lymph-spaces in the pal mater. H.'s zones, longitudinal bands de- veloping from the lateral portions of the medullary tube in the embryo. Hiss's methods [Philip Hanson Hiss, New York bacteriologist, 1868-1913.] For demonstrating the capsules of • microorganisms : i. A satu- rated alcoholic solution of fuchsin or gentian violet, s, in water, 95, is poured on the dried cover-glass preparation and heated, and is then washed off with a 20 per cent, sohition of copper sulphate, i. The fixed specimen is covered for a few seconds with gentian-violet solution and then washed cff with a 0.25 per cent, solution of potassium carbonate. histaffine (his'ta-fen) [G. histos, tissue, + L. affinis, related.] A hypothetical substance in the blood in trypanosomiasis and in syphilis, which is assumed to bind up certain constituents of the normal and specifically pathological tissues. histamine (hist-ara'en) . Beta-iminazolylethy- 1 amine, a depressor substance formed during the catabolism of histidin. his'tenzyme. Histozyme his'tidine. One of the hexone bases produced by the hydrolysis of proteins, CoHgNsOs. histiogeuic (his"tJ-o-jen'ik) Histogenous. histioid (his'tl-oyd) [G. histion, tissue, + eidos, appearance.] Resembling in superficial appear- ance or structure one of the tissues of the body; histoid. histioirritative (his"tI-0-ir1-ta-tiv). Irritative to connective tissue. histio'ma [G histion, tissue, + -oma.] Histoma. histion'ic [G. histion, tissue.] Relating to any tissue. histochemistry (his-to-kem'is-tri) [G. histos, tissue.] Chemistry of the tissues. histodial'ysis [G. histos, tissue, -f dialysis, a break- ing up. ] Disintegration of the tissues ; histolysis. histofluorescence (his-to-flu-or-es'ens) [G. histos, tissue.] Fluorescence of the tissues under ex- posure to the x-rays following the injection of a solution of quinine or other fluorescent substance. his'togenal. Trade name of a preparation said to be a combination nf TmrlpimV ae^^i^ -arii-u r.^.^:..^^ HISTOGENAL 455 HODARA'S DISEASE methylarsenate recommended in the treatment of tuberculosis. histogen'esis [G. kistos, tissue, + genesis, origin.] The origin of a tissue ; the formation and develop- ment of the tissues of the body; histogeny. histogenet'ic. Relating to histogenesis. histogenous (his-toj'en-us) [G histos, tissue, + -genes, producing.] Formed by the tissues, as the histogenous cells in an exudate arising from proliferation of the fixed tissue cells. histogeny (his-toj'en-e). Histogenesis. histohem'atin, histohsem'atin. A pigment, related to hemoglobin, found in various tissues. histohematogenous (his"to-hem-a-toj'en-us). Aris- ing both from the tissues and from the blood, noting certain cells in the inflammatory exudate which may partly migrate from the blood-vessels and partly arise from proliferation of the fixed tissue elements. his'toid [G. kistos, tissue, + eidos, appearance.] I. Resembling in structure one of the tissues of the body. ■^. Composed of, or developed from, a single tissue and not a complex structure; noting certain tumors such as fibroma and myoma. See organoid (2). histol'ogy [G. histos, tissue, + -hgia.] Microscopi- cal anatomy; the branch of anatomy which deals with the cells and the minute structure of the tissues and organs., histolysis [G. histos, tissue, -I- lysis, solution.] Dis- integration of tissue. histo'ma [G. histos, tumor, + -oma.'] Histioma, tissue-tumor, a neoplasm formed of one or other variety of tissue atypically arranged. histometaplastic (his"to-met-ah-plas'tik). Exciting tissue metaplasia. histomorphol'ogy [G. histos, tissue, -I- morphS, shape, + -logia.] Histology. his'ton, his'tone [G. histos, web, tissue.] A simple protein, derived from the decomposition of white blood-corpuscles, the action of which retards coagulation; it yields on hydrolysis a, number of (chiefly basic) amidoacids, the histone bases, or hexone* bases. histon'omy [G. histos, tissue, + nomos, law.] The law of the development and structure of the tissues of the body. histonu'ria. The excretion of histone in the urine, occurring in certain fevers and in leucemia. histopathol'ogy. Pathological histology, the his- tology of altered or diseased tissues. histophysiology (his"to-flz-I-ol'o-jI). The physiology or study of the functions of the cells and tissues in health. Histoplas'ma [G. histos, tissue, + plasma, a. thing formed.] A genus of protozoan parasites; so far as known, it contains only one species, H. capsulatum, found at autopsy in the endothelial cells of the lung, spleen, liver, and bone-marrow, in patients dying after symptoms of spleno- megaly, leucopenia, emaciation, and an irregular, remittent temperature. histoplasmo'sis. A disease resembling kala-azar, characterized by irregular fever, emaciation, splenomegaly, and leucopenia; it is due to infec- tion by a flagellate protozoan parasite, Histo- plasma capsulatum. his'tosan. Trade name of compound of guaiacol and albumin, a brownish powder insoluble in the gastric juice but soluble in the intestine; used, like guaiacol, in tuberculosis in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). Histosporid'ium carcinomato'sum. An intracellular sporozoon regarded by Feinberg as pathogenic for cancer. histother'apy [G. histos, tissue, + therapeia, treat- ment.] The employment of animal tissues in therapeutics; organotherapy, cytotherapy. histothrombin (his-to-throm'bin). A thrombin de- rived from connective tissue. his'totome [G. histos, tissue, + tome, cut.] Micro- tome. histot'omy. Section cutting, microtomy. histotroph'ic [G. histos, tissue, -I- trophe, a briiiging up.] Relating to or favoring the formation of tissue. histotrop'ic [G. histos, tissue, -1- tropikos, turning.] Attracted toward the tissues, noting certain parasites, stains, and chemical compounds. histozo'ic [G, histos, tissue, -f zoikos, relating to an animal.] Living in the tissues outside of a cell body, noting certain parasitic protozoa. histozyme (his'to-zim) [G. histos, tissue, + zymos, ferment.] An enzyme occurring in renal' tissue which hydrolyzes hippuric acid into benzoic acid and glycocol. histrion'ic [L. histrio, an actor.] Dramatic, theat- rical, h. ma'nia, insanity characterized by the occurrence of dramatic gestures, speech, and facial expressions, h. spasm, facial spasm. his'trionism. Histrionic mania. Hittorf tube (hit'orf) [Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, German physicist, 1824— 1914.] Crookes' tube. Hitzig's girdle (hit'tsig) [Eduard Hitzig, German psychiatrist, I868-I90'7.] An analgetic zone at the level of the mammae, in the region supplied by the third to sixth dorsal nerves, observed in beginning tables dorsalis. hives. Urticaria. The term has also been popu- larly applied to various other skin diseases, as the red-gum of infants, to diarrhea, and to laryngitis. HI. Abbreviation for latent hyperopia. Hm. Abbreviation for manifest hyperopia HKOj. Nitrous acid, HHOj. Nitric acid. Ho. Chemical symbol of holmium. H2O. Water, or hydrone, the fundamental unit of "water. HjOj. Hydrogen peroxide. hoangnan (ho-ang-nan') [Chinese.] The bark of Strychnos malaccenis or 5. galthieriana; it contains both the alkaloids of nux vomica; has been em- ployed in the treatment of leprosy and scrofula in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). hoar'hound [A.S. hdr hiine.] Horehound, marru- bium.* hoarse [A.S. has.] Having a rough, harsh voice. hoarseness (hors'nes). An unnaturally deep and harsh quality of the voice. Hochsinger'a phenom'enon (hskh'zing-er) [Karl Hochsinger, Viennese pediatrist, 'iSbo.] Pres- sure to the inner side of the biceps muscle causes closure of the fist in tetany. hock [see hough.] 1. The ham, the posterior aspect of the knee. a. The tarsus in the horse and other quadrupeds; the joint of the hind leg between the knee and the fetlock ; see cut under horse, capped h., (i) synovial c. h., a fluctuating swelling on both sides of the hock in the horse; it causes lameness and sometimes results in caries of the OS calcis; (2) serous c. h., an inflamed and distended bursa over the gastrocnemius intemus tendon in the horse, cur'by h., curb, spring h., see spring*-hock. Hodara's disease' (ho-dah'rah) [Menahem Hodara, Constantinople physician, contemporary.] Trich- orrhexis nodosa. HODEGETICS 4S6 HOLTHOUSE'S HERNIA hodegetics (hod-e-jet'iks) [G. hodegetikos, suitable for guiding.] Ethics, etiquette. Hodge's for'ceps [Hugh Lenox Hodge, Philadelphia gynecologist, 1796-1873.] A form of obstetrical forceps (see cut under forceps). H.'s pess'ary, a double-curve oblong pessary employed for the correction of retrodeviations of the uterus. Hodgkin's disease' (hoj'kin) [Thomas Hodgkin, English physician, 1797— 1866.] A disease marked by chronic inflammatory enlargement of the lymph nodes, first the cervical and then the , axillary, inguinal, mediastinal, mesenteric, etc. ' . together with enlargement of the spleen, and ' often of the liver and kidneys, with lymphoid in- ! filtration along the blood-vessels; there is no I pronounced leucocytosis. Called also pseudo- leucemia, anemia lymphatica, lymphosarcoma, lymphadenoma, and malignant lymphoma. Hodgson's disease' (hoj'son) [Joseph Hodgson, English physician, 1788-1869.] Dilatation of the arch of the aorta associated with insufficiency of the aortic valve. hodoneuromere (ho-do-nu'ro-mer) [G. hodos, path, -f- neuron, nerve, -I- meros, part.] In embryol- ogy, a segment of the trunk with its pair of nerves and their branches. Hoff's law. See Van't Hoff. Hof'fa's opera'tion [Albert Hoffa, German ortho- pedic surgeon, 1859-1907.] Hollowing out the acetabulum and reduction of the head of the femur after severing the muscles inserted into , the upper portion of the bone, in cases of congeni- tal dislocation of the hip. Hoffmann's an'odyne [Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician, 1660—1742.] Spiritus setheris com- positus. Hoffmann's bacillus [Georg von Hoffmann- Wellenhof, Austrian bacteriologist.] Bacillus pseudodiphihericus. Hofi'mann's duct [Moritz Hoffmann, German anat- omist and botanist, 1622— 1698.] Duct of Wirsung, ductus pancreaticus [BNA]. Hoffmann's mus'cular at'rophy [Johann Hoffmann, German physician, contemporary .] Progressive spinal muscular atrophy, of familial form, occur- ' ring in early childhood. H.'s phenom'enon or sign, excessive irritability of the sensory nerves to electrical or mechanical stixnuli in tetany. Hoffman's sign. Flexion of the terminal pha- lanx of the thumb and of the second and third phalanges of one or more of the fingers when the nail of the index, middle, or ring finger is suddenly nipped. Hofimann-Werdnig syn'drome (hawf'mahn-verd'- nig). Hoffmann's muscular atrophy. hog-cholera (hog"korer-ah). An infectious disease of swine marked by hemorrhagic inflammation of the lymphatic glands, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidney. The disease is now believed not to be caused by the Bacillus cholerte suis or B. suipestifer, but to be due to some ultramicroscopic organism, possibly protozoan. ho'ladin [G. holos, entire, + aden, gland.] Trade name of a preparation said to contain all the active principles of the pancreas; occurs as a graj^sh white powder furnished in 3-grain cap- sules. holarthritic (ho-lar-thrit'ik). Relating to universal arthritis, or holarthritis. holarthritis (ho-lar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. holos, all, + arihron, joint, -f -itis!\ Inflammation of all or a great number of the joints. HoI'den's line [Luther Holden, English anatomist, 18 16-1905.] An indistinct furrow or wrinkle in the groin, passing outward between the ante- rior superior spine of the ilium and the great trochanter, indicating the position of the capsule of the hip-joint. hol'gin. Trade name of an antiseptic solution of menthol and formaldehyde in alcohol. holl'ow-back. Lordosis. hoU'ow-hom, A general disease in cattle, marked by leanness, scurvy coat, coarse hair, irregular appetite, and general debility. Holm'grto's test [Alarik Frithiof Holmgrin, Swedish physiologist in Upsala, 1831-1897.] A test for color-blindness by having the subject pick out and match variously colored skeins of worsted. holmium (hol'ml-um) [after G. Holm, a Swedish geologist.] A very rare element, symbol Ho, atomic weight 163.5. holoacardius (ho"lo-a-kar'dI-us) [G. holos, complete, 4- o- priv. + kardia, heart.] i. A monster hav- ing no trace of a heart, z. One of twin fetuses in which a heart may be present, yet the circulation is effected entirely by the other twin. holoblastic (hol'o-blas'Hk) [G. holos, whole, + blasios, germ.] Denoting the involvement of the entire (alecithal or moderately telolecithal) ovum in segmentation. holocaine hydrochlo'ride (hol'o-kah-en). Amidin, a synthetic alkaloid, the hydrochloride of para- diethoxyethenyl-diphenylamidin, occurring in small, colorless, shining crystals ; used as a local anesthetic in ophthalmic practice. holocephal'ic [G. holos, entire, + kephale, head.] A monster deficient in certain parts, but with the head complete. holocrine (hol'o-krin) [G. holos, all, -f- krino, I sepa- rate.] Noting a gland (i) whose function is purely secretory, or (2) the secretion of which consists of altered cells of the gland itself, such as a sebaceous gland; opposed to merocrine. horodiastol'ic [G. holos, entire.] Relating to the entire diastole. holomas'tigote [G. holos, all, -1- mastix{mastig-), whip.] Having flagella all over the surface. holophytic (hol-o-fitik) [G. holos, whole, + phytikos, vegetable.] Exactly like a plant in metabolism or mode of obtaining nourishment; noting certain protozoans. holopon (ho'lo-pon) [G. holos, whole, -|-o^o.r, juice.] A preparation similar to pantopon,"" said to con- tain all the alkaloids of opium. holorrhachlschisis (hol-o-ri-kis'kl-sis) [G. holos, complete, + rhachis, spine, + schists, fissure.] Complete spina bifida. holoschlsis (hol-os'kl-sis) [G. holos, complete, + schists, fission.] Simple cleavage of the cell, amitosis. hol"osystol'ic [G. holos, entire.] Relating to the entire systole. holothrichous (Jiol-ot'ri-kus) [G. holos, entire, -I- thrix(.trich-), hair.] Having cilia over the entire surface. Holotrichida (ho-lo-trik'I-dah) [G. holos, entire, +ihrix(trich-), hair.] An order of Ciliata in which cilia are distributed over the entire body. holozoic (hol-o-zo'ik) [G. holos, whole, + zoikos, aniraal.i_ Resembling exactly an animal in its metabolism, or mode of obtaining nourishment; noting certain protozoans in distinction to others which are holophytic* Holt'house's hernia [Carsten Holihouse, English surgeon, 1810-1901.] Inguinal hernia with extension of the loop of intestine along Poupart's ligament. HOLTZ MACHINJi 457 HOMOGAMY Holtz machine' [Wilhelm Holtz, German physicist, 1836-1913.] A machine with a large revolving glass disc, for generating frictional electricity. hol'zin. Trade name of a solution of menthol and formaldehyde in alcohol, used by inhalation in tuberculosis. hol'zinol. Trade name of a preparation similar to holzin. Holzknecht's chromoradiometer (holts'knekhts kro- mo-ra-di-otu'e-tur) [Guido Holzknecht, Aus- trian radiologist, *i872.] A capsule containing a reagent which changes color under the influence of the «-rays; placed near the part subjected to the action of the rays, its change in color is com- pared with a graduated color scale (the markings on which, numbered from 3 to 24, are called H.'s umts) and thus the intensity of the rays is measured. H. u'nit, a unit of «-ray measurement (abbreviation H) , equal to J erythema dose. homaloceph'alous [G. homalos, level, + kephale, head.] Having a flattened head, Homalomy'ia [G. homalos, even, + tnyia, a fly.] A genus of flies, the larvse of which, naturally present in decayed fruit and vegetables, some- times infest animals. homatropi'na [G. homos, the same.] Homatropine, oxytoluyl-tropeine, made by passing hydrochloric acid gas through a mixture of tropine and man- delic acid; it occurs in white granular crystals; strongly mydriatic. homatropi'nse hydrobro'- midum (U.S. and Br.), a white crystalline powder or small prismatic crystals; employed in i per cent, solution as a cycloplegic. homatropine (ho-mat'ro-pSn). Homatropina. homazlal (ho-maks'I-al) [G. homos, the same, + axis."] Homaxonic. homaxon'ic [G. homos, the same, -f axon, axle.] Homaxial, having all the axes alike, noting a sphere. Homburg vor der Hiihe, Germany (hom'boorg for der ho'eh). The chief springs are the Elisa- bethen-Bnmnen, the Kaiser- Brunnen, the Lud- wig-Brunuen, the Landgraf en- Brunnen, the Luisen- Brunnen, and the Stahl- Brunnen. Al- kaline-saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing in certain forms of dyspepsia, rheiunatism, gout, and in certain catarrhal conditions; so-called "torpid scrofula," constipation, chlorosis, inactivity of the liver, diabetes, chronic headache, anemia, general debility, and the diseases of women. May 1 to October i. Home's lobe [Sir Everard Home, English surgeon, 1763-1832.] The enlarged middle lobe of the prostate gland. homeocyte, homceocyte (ho'me-o-sit) [G. homoios, like, -I- kytos, cell.] Lymphocyte. homeomerous, homceomerous (ho-me-om'er-us) [G. homoios, like, + meros, part.] Noting lichens in which the gonidia and hyphse are evenly distrib- uted in the thallus. homeomor'phous, homoemor'phous [G. homoios, like, + morphe, shape.] Of similar shape, but not necessarily of the same composition. ho'meopath, ho'moeopatfa. Homeopathist. homeopathic, homoeopathic (ho"me-o-path'lk). Re- lating to homeopathy. homeop'athist, homoeop'athist. A medical practi- tioner of the homeopathic school. homeopathy, homoeopathy (ho-me-op'S-thJ) [G. homoios, like, similar, + pathos, suffering(dis- ease).] A system of therapeutics founded or developed by Samuel Hahnemann,* based upon the observation that certain drugs, when given in large doses in health, will produce certain conditions similar to those relieved, when occur- ring as symptoms of disease, by the same drug in small doses. This is called the law of similia, from the aphorism, similia similibus curantur, like is cured by like. Included in the homeopathic doctrine is the theory of dynamization, which is that by repeated trituration, or dilution with agitation, the potency or power of a drug is enormously increased, certain substances, such as lycopoditun and common salt, which are inert in appreciable" doses, even acquiring therapeutic properties when so treated. homeoplasia, homoeoplasia (ho-me-o-pla'sl-ah) [G. homoios, like, -I- plasis, a moulding.] The forma- tion of new tissue of the same character as that already existing in the part. homeoplas'tic, homoeopU^'tic. Relating to op characterized by homeoplasia, homeotherapeu'tic, homoeotherapeu'tic. i. Homeo- pathic. 2. Relating to homeotherapy. homeotherapeutics, homoeotherapeutics (ho"me-o- ther-a-pu'tiks). i. 'Homeopathy. 2. Homeo- therapy. homeother'apy, homceother'apy [G. homoios, like, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment or prevention of a disease by means of a product similar to, but not identical with, the active causal agent, as in Jennerian vaccination. homeothermal, homoeothermal (ho-me-o-thur'- mal) (G. homoios, similar, H- thertnS, heat.] Homeothermic, homeothermous; haVing the temperature of the surrounding medium, noting the cold-blooded animals. See homo- thermal. homeotypical (ho"me-o-tip^-kal) [G. homoios, like, -I- typos, form.] Of or resembling the usual type. homergy (hom'ur-j5) [G. homos, same, + ergon, work.] Normal metabolism and its results. homesickness (hom'sik-ness). Nostalgia. homicide (hom'J-sid) [L. homo, man, + cadere, to kill.] I. The killing of a human being, miurder. ^. One who kills another, a murderer. hom'iculture [L. homo, man, + cultura, culture.) Human stirpiculture, eugenics. ho'migrade thermom'eter. A thermometer with a special scale, 100° indicating the normal tem- perature of man (98.5° P., 37° C), zero the freezing point, 270° the boiling point (212° P., 100° C). homoarecoline (ho-mo-S-rek'o-len). Arecaidinethyl- ester, a colorless liquid possessing properties similar to those of arecoline. h. hydrobro'mide, occurs in colorless crystals ; anthelmintic in doses of gr- AtV (0.004-0.006). homocen'tric [G. homos, same, -t- kentron, center.] Having the same center, concentric; noting rays which meet at a common focus; opposed to heterocentric. homochronous (ho-mok'ron-us) [G. homos, same, -I- chronos, time.] ±. Occurring at the same time, synchronous. 2 Occurring at the same age in each generation. homoclad'ic [G. homos, same, + klados, a twig.] Noting an anastomosis between branches of the same arterial trunk; opposed to heterocladic, ho'modont [G. homos, the same, + odous(pdont-), tooth.] Having teeth all alike in form, as those of the lower vertebrates ; opposed to heterodont. homceo-. Por words so beginning, see homeo-. homog'amy [G. homos, the same, + gamos, marriage.] Simultaneous maturity of the stamens and pistil of an hermaphrodite flower. HOMOGENEOUS 4S8 HOOPER'S PILLS homogeneous (ho-mo-je'ne-us) [G. homos, same, + genos, race.] Of uniform structure or composi- tion throughout. homogenesis, homogeny (ho-mo-jen'e-sis, ho-moj-' en-I) [G. homos, same, H- genesis, production.] Reproduction in which the offspring is similar to the parents; opposed to keterogenesis. ho"mogentis'ic acid. Alkapton, an acid occurring, together with uroleucic acid, in the urine in alkaptonuria; it is the result of the incomplete oxidation of tyrosin, due probably to the di- minution or absence of a, specific intracellular oxidase. homog'ony [G. homos, the same, + goiios, offspring.] A condition in which the relative heights of the stamens and pistils in flowers of the same species remain the same; homostyly. •homoioplasia (ho-moy-o-pla'sl-ah). Homeoplasia. homoiothermal (ho-moy-o-thur'mal). Homeo- thermal.* homolateral [G. homos, the same, -I- L. latus, side.] On or relating to the same side; ipsolateral. homol'ogous. Noting a homologue; having a general definite relation to others in a series; in zoology, having a correspondence in position or development, though not in function, with a part in another animal, noting, for example, the wing of a bird, the fore-leg of a quadruped, and the arm of man. h. se'ries, in chemistry, a series of compounds which differ from each other by containing more or less of the same group of atoms ;'in the case of the paraffin series this group is CHj. homologue (hom'o-log). ±. Any part or organ of similar structure or composition to another one. 2. Any part or organ of one animal which corre- sponds in some way to one of another; thus the wjng of a bird is the homologue of the arm of a man. homol'ogy. Correspondence in function, relation, or origin. homorysin. A lysin produced by the injection of an antigen derived from an animal of the same species, isolysin; distinguished from heterolysin and autolysin. homon'omous [G. homos, same, + nomas, law.] Noting parts, having similar form and structure, arranged in a series, as the fingers or toes. homon'omy. The condition of being homonomous. homon'ymous [G. homonym-os, of the same name.] Having the same name, or expressed in the same terms, h. diplo'pia, see diplopia. homoplas'tic. i. Similar in form and structure, but not in origin, n. Noting a graft of similar structure, as one of bone to replace a 'bone defect. homorgan'ic [G- homos, same, -I- organon, organ.] Produced by the same organs. homosexual (ho"mo-seks'u-al) [G. homos, the same, + L. sexus, sex ] Relating to or possessing erotic attraction toward a person of the same sex, z. A person attracted sexually to others of the same sex, an invert. homosexuality (ho"mo-seks-u-al'i-tl). A form of sexual perversion in which attraction exists for one of the same sex. homos'porous [G. homos, the same, -I- spores, seed.] Having but one kind of asexually produced spores. homostimulant (ho-mo-stim'u-lant) [G. homos, the same.] Noting the action of an organic extract upon a gland or organ of the same kind as that from which the extract was derived; see Hallion's* law. homostimulation (ho-mo-stim-u-la'shun) . In- creasing the action of a gland by the administra- tion of an extract of- the same gland from an animal. homosty'ly, Homogony. homothennal (ho"mo-thtir'nial) [G. homos, the same, + therme, heat.] Homothermic, homothermous; having always the same temperature, noting the warm-blooded animals. See homeothermal. homoton'io [G. homos, same, -I- tonos, tonus.] Of uniform tension or tonus. homotype (ho'mo-tip) [G. homos, same, + typos, type. ] Any part or organ of the same structure or function as another, especially as one on the opposite side of the body. homotyp'ic, homotyp'ical [G. homos, the same, + typos, form.] Of the same type or form; corre- sponding to the other one of two paired organs or parts, h. divis'ion, the second of the two divisions of a maturing sex-cell during which reduction of the chromosomes occurs. homozoic (ho-mo-zo'ik) [G. homos, the same, + zoikos, relating to an animal.] Relating to the same animal or the same species of animal. homozygosis (ho"-mo-zi-go'sis). The formation of a zygote by like gametes. homozygote (ho-mo-zi'got) [G. homos same, -|- zygotos, yoked.] i. An individual containing but one of the two allelomorphs, each of the two germ- cells, by the union of which it was formed, contain- ing the same ihember of the allelomorpliic pair. z. A zygote produced by the union of two similar gametes of the same strain. homozygous (ho-mo-zi'gus). Relating to homo- zygosis ; produced by the union of similar gametes. hondziekte (hond-zek'ta) [D. hand, dog, + ziekte, sickness. ] Canine babesiasis.* honey (hun'I) [A.S. hunig.] Mel. honeycomb-limg (hun^-kom-lung). A condition marked by the presence of numerous small pus- containing cavities in the Itmg; it is due to bronchiol ectasia following bronchopneumonia in children. honorarium (hon-o-ra'ri-um) [L. honorarius, hon- orary.] A fee for professional services. hon'thin. Tr de name of a" preparation, said to be albumin tannate ; employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. io~20 (o.C— 1.3). hoof [A.S. hdj.l The homy covering of the ends of the digits or feet in many animals; it consists, like nails and horns, of thickened and modified epidermis or cuticle, false h., the hoof of an imused digit, as one of the two above and behind the functioning hoofs of the ox, pig, and other animals. hoof -and -mouth disease. Foot-aiid-mouth disease.* hoof-bound. A condition of dryness and contrac- tion of the hoof of a horse, which results in pain and lameness. hook [A.S. hok.'\ An instrument curved or bent near its tip, used for fixation of a part or traction. blunt h., a strong, hook-shaped iron bar which is passed between abdomen and thigh to make trac- tion in cases of difficult breech presentation. hooked bone. Os hamatum [BNA], unciform bone. hook'worm, A worm of the genus Ankyhstoma or Uncinaria. dog h., Uncinaria stenocephala. new-world h., U. amerieana. old-world h., U. duodenalis. hook'worm-disease'. Uncinariasis ankylostomia- sis. Hoop'er's pills [John Hooper, apothecary in Read- ing, England, i8th century.] Pillulae aloes et myrrhae. HOOPING-COUGh 459 HORSE-SICKNESS hoop'ing-cough. Whooping-cough, pertussis. Hoorne's duct or canal. See Van Hoorne. hoose, hooze (hoos, hooz). Verminous bronchitis in calves marked by cough, roughness of coat, and wasting. hooven (ho'ven). Hoven. Hoo'ver's sign [Charles F. Hoover, American neurol- ogist, *i865.] A person lying supine on a couch, when asked to raise one leg, involuntarily makes counterpressure with the heel of the other leg; if this leg is paralyzed whatever muscular power is preserved in it will be exerted in this way ; or if the patient attempts to lift the paralyzed limb, counterpressure will be made with the other heel, whether any movement occurs in the paralyzed leg or not. Hope's mis'ture [John Hope, English physician, 1725-1886.] Mistura camphorae acida (N.F.). hop'ogan. Magnesium peroxide, an internal anti- septic. Hop'pe-Gold'flam disease' [Johann Ignaz Hoppe, Swiss physiologist, 1811— 1891; S. Goldfiam.] Myasthenia gravis. Hoppe-Seyler's test (h8-pa-zi'ler) [Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler, German physiological chemist, 1825-1895.] For carbon monoxide in the blood: on adding to the blood twice the volume of sodiimi hydrate solution the red color of blood is preserved if carbon monoxide is present; normal blood is colored a greenish brown. hops. The strobiles of the hop plant ; see humulus. hordein (hor'de-in). A gliadin derived from barley. hordenine (hor'de-nen) [L. hordeum, barley.] An alkaloid, CioHisNO, developed in barley during the process of germination, occurring in prismatic crystals, h. sul'phate, employed a^ a heart tonic in place of digitalis. horde'olum [L. dim. of hordeum, barley.] A sty, an inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eye- lid, h. inter'num, h. meibomia'num, suppurative inflammation of one of the Meibomian glands. hor'deum. Barley, the seeds of H. distichon. h. decortica'tum, hulled barley, pearl barley, is employed in decoction as a demulcent. horehound (h5r'hownd) [A.S. hdr hUnd.'] Hoar- hound, marrubium.* horismascope (hor-iz'mah-skop) [G. horistna, a boundary, -f- skoped, I examine.] A U-shaped test-tube, used in the acid test for albumin in the urine ; one arm of the tube has a black background against which a faint cloud of albumin may be readily seen in the line between acid and urine. hoiizocardia (ho-ri"zo-kar'd3-ah) [G. horizon, hori- zon, +kardia, heart.] A horizontal position of the heart on the diaphragm, due to marked excentric hypertrophy or to dilatation of both ventricles. hor'mion [G. dim. of hormos, cord, chain, necklace.] The point of junction of the posterior border of the vomer with the sphenoid bone. hormon'adin. Trade name of a preparation said to be the internal secretion of the pancreas. hor'monal. Trade name of a preparation obtained from the spleen of animals killed during the height of digestion, said to be a peristaltic hor- mone; recommended for the treatment of chronic constipation in dose of 20-40 c.c. (i or 2 vials) intravenously or intramuscularly injected. hor'mone [G. hormon, pres. part, of hormao, I rouse or set in motion.] A chemical substance, formed in one organ or part of the body and carried in the blood to another organ or part which it stimulates to functional activity or secretion; the secre- tions of some or all of the ductless glands are re- garded as hormones, so is secretin, so is carbon dioxide formed in muscle during contraction, which incites the respiratory center to increased activity; opposed to chalone; see also autacoid. h. hunger, a condition in which a certain organ fails to receive the needed amount of a special hormone upon which its proper functional activity depends. Langerhan'sian h., a supposed internal secretion of the pancreas, elaborated in the islands of Langerhans, which controls sugar metabolism. hormonogenesis (hor"mon-o-jen'e-sis) [hormone + G. genesis, production.] Hormonopoiesis. hormonogenic (hor-mon-o-jen'ik) . Hormonopoi- etic. hoTmonopoiesis (hor°mo-no-poy-e'sis) [hormone + G. poiesis, production.]. The production of a hormone or an internal secretion. hormonopoietic (hor"mo-no-poy-et'ik). Relating to homonopoiesis. hormopoiesis (hor-mo-poy-e'sis) . Hormonopoie- sis. hormopoietlc (hor-mo-poy-et'ik). Hormonopoi- etic. horn [A.S.] Cornu. I. An excrescence from the skin, of the shape or structure of a horn. 2. A curved, pointed structure resembling a horn. 3. A hard, thickened, epidermal tissue, such as that of the nails. 4. The coronal prolongation of the dental pulp. Ammon's h., cornu Ammonis. burnt h., cornu ustum. cuta'neous h., cornu cutaneum, a hornlike outgrowth from the epidermis. Hor'ner's muscle [William Edmund Horner, Phila- delphia anatomist, 1793-1853.] Tensor tarsi, pars lacrimalis of the orbicularis oculi [BNA.] Hor'ner's symp'tom-com'plex [Johann Friedrich Horner, Zurich ophthalmologist, 1831— 1886.] Ptosis, miosis, anidrosis, and enophthalmos due to paralysis of the cervical sympathetic. horn-sil'ver. Native chloride of silver. Horn' s Springs, Tennessee. Alkaline-saline-chalyb- eate-sulphureted-carbonated waters. Eeight springs. Used by drinking in various disorders. The entire year. hor'ny. Corneous, of the natiire or structure of horn. horopter (hor-op'tur) [G. horos, limit, -f- opter, one who sees.] The sum of all the points in the bin- ocular field of vision, in any fixed position of the eyes, rays from which fall upon corresponding points in the two retinas, the image therefore ap- pearing single. The horopter may be a straight line or a plane, a curved line or a curved surface. horripilation (hor-I-pi-la'shun) [L. horrere, to bristle, H- pilus, hair.] Goose-flesh, cutis anserina, the standing up of the small hairs over the body. Hor'rocks' maieu'tlc [Peter Horrocks, London obstetrician, contemporary.] See m.aieutic. horse [A.S. hors.'\ A perissodactyl (odd-toed), soli- dungulate (single-hoofed), quadrupedal mammal, Equus caballus, having a long and coarse-haired mane and tail, with short-haired coat, and cor- neous patches on the inner side of the legs between the knee and hock; employed chiefly as a draft- animal. horse-chestnut. Hippocastanum,* castanea equina. horse-power, A work-unit, equal to 33,00 pounds lifted one foot in one minute. horsepoz (hors'poks). A disease in horses similar to cowpox in cattle. horse-rad'ish. Cochlearia. horse-sickness (hors'sik-nes). A disease of horses and mules in South Africa, supposed to be due to HORSE-SICKNESS 460 HOT SPRINGS an ultra-microscopic protozoan transmitted by the anopheles mosquito ; it is characterized chiefly by dropsical effusions into the thoracic and abdom- inal cavities. horse-weed. Erigeron. Hors'ley's putty [Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley, London surgeon, *i857— 1916.] A com- pound of carbolic acid i, oil 2, and wax 7, used to plug the vessels of the diploe in case of hemor- rhage in trephining. H.'s test, for sugar in the urine, the presence of which is indicated when Bones of the Hind Leg of a Horse ; i , Os innominatum ; 2, femur; 3, trochanter major; 4, subtrochanterian crest; s, trochlea; 6, external condyle; 7, patella; 8, tibia; 9, fibula; 10, os calcis; 11, astragalus; 12, 13, 14, IS, tarsal bones; 16, large metatarsal or cannon bone; 17, 18, small metatarsal, or splint bones; 19, 20, sesa- moid bones; 21, os suffraginis or large pastern; 22, OS coronae or small pastern; 23, os pedis; 24, wing of the OS pedis; A, hip-joint; B, stifle-joint, corresponding to the knee in man; C, hock-joint, correspon(fing to the ankle in man; D, fetlock-joint. a green color is produced by boiling with potassic hydrate and potassium chromate. H.'s trephine', a trephine made of several pieces which can be taken apart to facilitate asepsis. H2OSO4. Osmic acid. hos'pltal [L. hospitalis, for a guest.] Nosocomium. An institution for the protection and treatment of the sick. hospitalism (hos'pl-tal-izm). A neurasthenic or "run-down" condition affecting nurses and others living constantly in a hospital. host (host) [L. hospes, an entertainer.] The or- ganism at the expense of which a parasite lives. defin'itive h., the vertebrate host of a hematozoic protozoan, in which the non-sexual cycle occurs; primary h. interme'diary or intenne'diate h., an invertebrate animal in which a hematozoic protozoan parasite of a vertebrate undergoes its sexual cycle; secondary h. primary h., definitive h., the one in which the mature parasite resides when it has two or more stages of existence in different animals, sec'ondary h., intermediate h., the one in which a parasite lives before reaching its mature state, when it has two or more stages in different animals. Bones of the Foreleg of a Horse, from the Elbow- joint, THE Humerus not Being Shown: i, Olecranon process; 2, body of the ulna; 3, body of the radius; 4, articulating surface of the ulna; s, semicircular fossa formed by radius and ulna for reception of the humerus ; 6, articulating surface of the radius; 7, radial tuber- cle; 8, lower articular surface of the radius; 9, os lunare; 10, OS magnum; 11, os pisitorme; 12, os cuneiforme; 13, OS unciforme; 14, is, 17, metacarpus or cannon bone; 16, small metacarpal or splint bone; 17, articular end of the large metacarpal bone; 18, sesamoid bone; 19, OS suffraginis or large pastern; 20, os coronse or small pastern; 21, os naviculare; 22, wing of os pedis; 23i OS pedis. B, elbow-joint; C, knee, corresponding to the wrist in man. D, fetlock-joint. Hot Borate Spring, California. Alkaline-saline- borated-ammoniated-carbonated waters, 124° F. Used by drinking for disorders of the bladder and kidneys. hot-cross-bun head. The head with depressed sutures seen in hereditary syphilis. Hot Springs, Arkansas. Light alkaline-calcic-car- bonated waters, 76° F. to 157° P. Seventy-two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, skin diseases, HOT SPRINGS 461 HUECK'S LIGAMENT diseases of the genitourinary system, and syphilis. Hot Springs, Nbrth Carolina. Alkaline-saline-calcic waters, 96° F. to 104° P. About 20 springs. Used by drinking and bathing in various disor- ders. The entire year. Hot Springs, South Dakota. Sulphated-saline- calcic waters, 96° F., and 98° F. Eight springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, certain forms of paralysis, metallic poisoning, neurasthenia, dys- pepsia, diseases of the liver, Bright's disease, catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract, hay-fever asthma, incipient phthisis, skin dis- eases, and syphilis. The entire year. Hot Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-saline-calcic; sul- phated-saline ; calcic-sulphureted-c arbonated waters, 74° F. to 108° F. Various springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheuma- tism, neuralgia, congestion of the liver, Bright's disease, cystitis, enlarged prostate, calculous disorders, skin affections, diseases of women, and general debility. The entire year. Hot Sulphur Springs, Colorado. Saline-sulphureted waters, 91° F. to 117° F. More than twenty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, liver disorders, skin diseases, tertiary syphilis and the diseases of women. Hotch'kiss' opera'tion [Lucius Wales Hotchkiss, New York surgeon, *i85q.] An operation for epithe- lioma of the cheek; it includes resection of a lateral half of the mandible and, if necessary, of a portion of the maxilla and palate, the defect in the cheek being closed by the side of the tongue and a flap drawn up from the side of the neck. Hott'entot apron. An exaggerated hypertrophy of the labia minora, common in the native women of southern Africa. H. bustle, an excessive enlarge- ment of the buttocks, steatopyga, common in the native women of southern Africa. H. tea, buchu. hott'entotism. A form of stammering. hough (hok) [A.S hdh, heel.] Hock. hound's-tongue. CjTioglossum. hour-glass contrac'tion. A central constriction of a hollow organ, such as the stomach or the uterus, h.-g. head, the skull with depressed coronal suture in hereditary syphilis. housemaid's knee (hows"madz-ne'), Prepatellar bursitis, inflammation and swelling of the bursa anterior to the patella, due to traumatism in those who are much on their knees. house-physician (hows-fl-zish'un). The senior in- terne in a hospital who acts in place of the attend- ing physician during his absence and is responsible for the execution of the latter's orders. house-prev'alence. The occurrence of a number of cases of a supposedly non-contagious disease in the same house. house-staff. The junior physicians and surgeons attached to a hospital who care for the patients under the direction of the attending staff; the internes and extemes collectively, house-surgeon (hows-sur'jun). The senior member of the house-staff on the surgical side, who is responsible for the execution of the orders of the attending surgeon and who acts in his place when the latter is absent. Hous'ton's muscle [John Houston, Dublin physician, 1802-1845.] The anterior portion of the mus- culus bulbocavemosus. H.'s folds or valves, rectal valves, see plica* transversalis recti. ho'ven. Bloating in cattle, due to the accumulation of gas, and marked by the distention of the ' paunch or rumen, pain, and difficult breathing; it is believed to be due to the overeating of fresh green food. How'ard's meth'od [Benjamin 'Doug\as Howard, New York physician of English birth, 1840-1900.] A method of artificial respiration; the patient being on the back with a cushion so arranged as to have the head lower than the abdomen, and with the hands under the head, the physician makes rhythmical pressure upward and inward with his hands against the lower lateral parts of the chest. How'ard Springs, Alabama. Alkaline-chalybeate-, sulphurous waters. Three springs. Used by drinking in Bright's disease, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, skin diseases, and other disorders. The entire year. How'ard Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-chalyb- eate-lithic-carbonated waters, 60° F. to iio°F. About fourteen springs. Used by drinking in chronic dyspepsia, constipation, diseases of the liver and kidneys, urinary disorders, anemia, and general debility. Howell-JoUy bod'ies (how'el-zh6-le') [William Henry Howell, American physiologist, *i86o.] Jolly* bodies. How'ship's fove'lose or lacu'nse [John Howship, London surgeon, ti84i.] Little pits on the sur- face of bone which is undergoing resorption: they contain numerous multinuclear giant cells (osteoclasts). H.'s symp'tom, pain or pares- thesia on the inner side of the thigh in cases of obturator hernia. HPO3. Metaphosphoric acid. H3PO2. Hypophosphorous acid. HsPOs. Phosphorous acid. H3PO4. Phosphoric acid. H4P2O6. Hypophosphorio acid. H4P2O7. Pyrophosphorid'kcid. H.S. Abbreviation for house surgeon. H2S. Hydrogen sulphide, sulphureted hydrogen. H-shaped ecchymo'sis. The ecchymosis observed in cases of rupture of the tendo Achillis. H4Si04. Silicic acid. H2SO3. Sulphurous acid. H2SO4. Sulphuric acid. Ht. Abbreviation for total hyperopia. H-tetanase (ach-tet'an-az)[ft-hemolytic.] v. Behr- ing's term for the hemolytic constituent of tetanus toxin. Hubb'ard Springs, Virginia. Within an area of thirty feet square are four springs: "The White Sulphur," "The Black Sulphur," "The Chalyb- eate," and the "Freestone." Used by drinking in rheumatism, disorders of the mucous mem- brane of stomach and intestines, and disorders of the liver and kidneys. Huchard' s disease' (u-shar') [Henri Huchard, Paris physician, 1844-1910.] A condition of contin- ued arterial hypertension believed by H. to be the main cause of arteriosclerosis. H.'s se'rum, an inorganic serum composed of sodium sulphate 2 . s, sodium chloride s, and sodium phosphate 10, in witer 100. H.'s symp'tom, paradoxical resonance on percussion in edema of the lung. huckel-bone (huk'1-bon). i. Ankle-bone, talus.* z. The innominate bone in the pelvis of the horse. 3. The astragalus in the knee of the horse. Hud'son Hot Springs, New Mexico. Alkaline- calcic waters, 142° F. Also cold spring. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of the blood, stomach, liver, and kidneys. The entire year. Hueck's ligament (huk) [Alexander Friedrich Hueck, German anatomist, 1802-1842.] Liga- mentum oectinatum iridis. HUETER'S MANEUVER 462 HUNTER'S PULASKI ALUM SPRINGS Hueter's maneu'ver [Karl Hueter, German sur- geon 1838— 1882.] In passing a stomach tube one presses the patient's tongue downward and forward with the left forefinger. H.'s sign, when the soft parts intervene, in a case of frac- ture, the vibration, on tapping the bone, is not transmitted. Huf eland's powder (hoo'fa-lahnt) [Christoph Wil- helm Hufeland, Berlin physician, 1762-1836.] Magnesium carbonate 50, rhubarb IS, sugar with fennel-seed oil 35. Hugh'lings Jack'son's sign. See Jackson. Hugier' s canal' (ii-ghe-a') [Pierre Charles Huguier, Parisian surgeon, 1804— 1874.] Iter chlordae anterius; a canal in the Glaserian fissure near its posterior edge, through which the chorda tym- pani nerve emerges from the skull. H.'s cir'- cle, anastomosis around the isthmus of the uterus (junction of the cervix w^th the body) between the right and left uterine arteries. H.' s disease', (i) lupus of the vulva; (2) fibroma of the uterus. H.'s si'nus, a small fossa in the tympanum between the fenestra ovalis and the fenestra rotunda. H.'s the'ory, in the great majority of cases prolapse of the uterus is due to a primary elongation of the supravaginal portion of the cervix. Euguenin's ede'ma (u-gS-nan') [Gustave ffw- guenin, Swiss psychiatrist, *i84i.] Acute con- gestive edema of the brain. bumectation (hu-mek-ta'shun) [L. humectare, to moisten.] i. The therapeutic application of moisture. 2. Serous infiltration of the tissues. 3. The soaking of a crude drug in water prepar- atory to the process of extract. hu'meral. Relating to the humerus. hu"merora'dial. Relating to both humerus and radius, noting especially the ratio of length of one to the other. hu'meroscap'ular. Relating to both humienis and scapula. hu'mero-ul'nar. Relating to both humerus and ulna, noting especially the ratio of length of one to the other. hu'merus, gen, hu'meri [L. shoulder.] The bone of the upper arm, articulating with the scapula above and the radius and ulna below. humidity (hu-mid'i-ti) [L. humidus, moist.] Mois- ture, dampness, ab'solute h., the amount of vapor in the atmosphere expressed in grains per cubic foot, rel'ative h., the percentage of moisture in the air, the amount necessary for saturation, or the greatest amount which the atmosphere can contain in the form of vapor, being taken as 100. hu'mor, gen. humo'ris [L. fluid.] i. The uncom- bined fluids of the body — blood and lymph. 2. Any clear fluid or semifluid hyaline anatomical substance. 3. A chronic moist skin disease. a'queous h., hydatoid, the watery fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. crys'talline h., the substance composing the crystalline lens of the eye. oc'ular h., any one of the three humors of the eye — aqueous, crys- talline, and vitreous, vit'reous h., the watery fluid filling the meshes of the stroma of the vitreous body of the eye. hu'meral. Relating to a humor in any sense, especially to humor (i). humoralism (hu'mor-al-ism) . The old doctrine that all disease is due to a change in constitution or to displacement of the humors. ^In ,1 'm n,-_i "rrv-t ^ Wv mnraliom lie hump'back. Hunchback, i. A deformed spine, Pott's curvature, angular curvature, kyphosis; lateral curvature, scoliosis. 2. A sufferer from angular or lateral curvature of the spine. hu'mulin. Lupulin. humulus (hu'mu-lus) (U.S.). Hops, the dried fruits (strobiles) of Humulus lupulus, a climbing herb of central and northern Asia, Europe, and North America; tonic, sedative, and diuretic in doses of Si-2 (30.0-60.0) of an infusion of S§(i6.o) to the pint (480.0); a hop poultice is applied in cases of superficial inflammation. hu'mus [L. earth, soil.] Vegetable mould, formed of decayed leaves and other vegetable matter. hunch'back. Humpback. hunger (hung'ger) [A.S.] A strong desire for food. air h., breathlessness, dyspnea; distress occa- sioned by the attempt to hold the breath, h.- cure, treatment of disease by fasting or a re- stricted diet; nestiatria, nestitherapy, h. day, one of the days in a course of dietetic treatment of diabetes, on which the patient is allowed prac- tically nothing but broths. hunger-evil (hung'ger-e-vil) . A disease, resem- bling epilepsy, marked by bulimia in the horse. Hunt's at'rophy [James Ramsay Hunt, New York neurologist, *i872.] Neural atrophy of the small muscles of the hand without sensory disturbances; two types are recognized: i/i^wa?', from compression neuritis of the thenar branch of the median nerve; hypothenar, from compression neuritis of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve, H.'s para- dox'ical phenom'enon, in dystocia musculorum deformans, if an attempt is made at plantar flexion of the foot when the foot is in dorsal spasm the only response is an increase of the extensor, or dorsal, spasm; if, however, the patient is told to extend the foot which is already in a state of strong dorsal flexion there will be a sudden movement of plantar flexion; the same phenomenon, mutatis mutandis, is observed when there is a condition of strong plantar flexion. H.'s syn'drome, (i) progres- sive cerebellar tremor; an intention tremor beginning in one extremity, gradually increasing in intensity, and subsequently involving other parts of the body one after the other; (2) facial paralysis, otalgia, and aural herpes, due to disease of both motor and sensory fibers of the seventh cranial nerve. Hun'ter's canal' [John Hunter, London surgeon, bom in Scotland, 1728-1793.] Canalis adduc- torius [BNA]; H. tied the superficial femoral artery in this part, for popliteal aneurysm, in 1785. H.'s chan'cre, indurated or syphilitic chancre H.'s indura'tion, H.'s chancre. H.'s cpera'tion, ligation of the artery on the proxi- mal side and at some distance from the sac, for the cure of aneurysm; see cut under aneurysm. Hun'ter's Hot Springs, Montana. Light alkaline- saline waters, 148° F. to 168° F. Twenty- seven springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, bronchial catarrh, asthma, liver disorders, and diseases of women. The climate is dry and healthful. Hun'ter's lig'ament ' [William Hunter, English anatomist, bom in Scotland, 1718-1783,] Round ligament of the uterus. H.'s gubernac'ulum, gubemacultmi* testis. H.'s line, linea alba. H.'s mem'brane, decidua. Hun'ter's Pulas'ki Al'um Springs, Virginia. Alumin- ous-chalybeate waters. Two springs. Used in drinking and locallv in dvsnensia. Hinrrhisa HUNTER'S PULASKI ALUM SPRINGS 463 HYDATIDOSTOMY dysentery, and in catarrhal conditions of the mucous membranes. Hunte'rian chan'cre jjohn Hunter.*] Indurated chancre. Hun'tington's chorea (ko-re'ah) [George Huntington, American physician, *i8so.] Hereditary chorea. Hunyadi JUnos, Buda-Pesth (hoon-yah'de-yah'- nosh) [named after a Hungarian general, 1387— 1456.] Amiineral spring in Hungary, the purga- tive water of which contains sodium chloride and carbonate, iron, alumina, and magnesium, potassium, and sodium sulphate. Huppert's disease' (hoop'pert) [Hugo Huppert, Bohemian physician, 1832—1904.] Kahler's* disease. Husch'ke's au'ditory teeth [Emil Huschke, German anatomist, 1797-1858.] A row of minute, tooth- like projections at the free margin of the labium vestibulare of the cochlea. H.'s car'tilages, two irregularly formed horizontal cartilaginous rods at the edge of the cartilaginous septiun of the nose. H.'s fora'men, an opening in the floor of the bony meatus acusticus, usually closed in the adult. H.'s lig'ament, a peritoneal fold extending from the upper portion of the smaller curvature of the stomach to the anterior surface of the pancreas, a little to the right of the median line. H.'s valve, plica lacrimalis. Hutch'inson's crescen'tic notch [Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, English surgeon, 1828— 1913.] The semilunar notch on the neural surface of the upper middle incisors in H.'s teeth, seen also oc- casionally in the upper lateral incisors, the lower incisors, and exceptionally the cuspids. H.'s disease', Tay's disease. H.'s fa'cies, the pecul- iar facial expression produced by the drooping ' lids and motionless eyeballs of ophthalmoplegia. H.'s mask, the sensation in tabes dorsalis as if the face were covered with a mask or with cob- I webs. H.'s pu'pil, dilatation of the pupil on the side of the lesion, with contraction of the other pupil, occurring in meningeal hemorrhage com- > pressing the third nerve at the base of the brain. H.'s teeth, the upper middle incisor teeth having a crescentic notch on the cutting edge, occurring in hereditary syphilis. H.'s tri'ad, parenchy- matous keratitis, labyrinthine disease, and H.'s teeth, significant of hereditary syphilis. Eutinel's erythe'ma (u-te-nel') [Victor Hutinel, -Parisian podiatrist, *i849.] Infectious erythema, occurring in pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other infections. Huzham's tinc'ture (huks'am) [John Huxham, English physician, 1692-1768.] Tinctura* cin- chonae composita. Hux'ley's lay'er [Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist, 1825—1895.] The inner layer of cells of the inner root-sheath of the hair-foUicIe ; also called H,^s ynemhrane and H.^s sheath. Huygens' oc'ular (hi'gens) [Christian Huygens, Dutch physicist, 1629-1695.] The compound ocular of a microscope, composed of two plano- convex lenses so arranged that the plane side of each is uppermost. hyalin (hi'al-in) [G. hyalos, glass.] i. Hyaloplasm. 2. The homogeneous basement substance of hya- line cartilage. 3. A clear homogeneous substance occurring in amyloid, colloid, or hyaloid degenera- tion. liyaline (hi'al-In, hi'al-«n) [G. hyalos, glass.] Of a glassy, homogeneous, translucent appearance, h. bod'ies, minute collections of a clear homogeneous material found in degenerating cells, the result of ' colloid degeneration of the cytoplasm or the re- mains of cell-inclusions, h. car'tilage, see carti- lage. h.d&genersL'tionf see degenercttion. h. fi'broid, the fibrous substance found in a cirrhotic kidney. h. mem'brane, (i) the thin, transparent membrane beneath the epitheliima of mucous membranes; (2) the membrane contiguous to the outer root- sheath of a hair-follicle. hyalino'sis. Hyaline degeneration. hyalinu'ria. The presence of hyaline casts in the urine. hyalitis (hi-al-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the vitre- ous humor, h. puncta'ta, a condition in which minute opacities are present in the vitreous humor. hy'aloid [G. hyalos, glass, + eidos, resemblance.] Glassy in appearance; hyaline, h. membrane, the thin, homogeneous, transparent membrane enveloping the vitreous humor. hyaloiditis (hi-al-oy-di'(de')tis). i. Hyalitis. 2. Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane. hyal'ogen. A protein found in the vitreous humor of certain animals, and also in cartilage. hyalo'ma [G. hyalos, glass, -I- -dma.] Colloid miliima, colloid degeneration of the skin; the occurrence of yellow semitranslucent papules in the skin, usually of the cheeks and forehead. ' hyalomitome (hi-al-om'i-t5m) [G. hyalos, glass, -I- mitos, thread.] Hyaloplasm, hyalotome. hyalomu'coid. A mucoid present in the vitreous humor. liy"alonyx'is [G. hyalos, glass, -|- nyxis, ptuicture.] Puncture of the vitreous humor. hyalophobia (hi"al-o-fo'b!-ah) [G. hyalos, glass, + phobos, fear.] Fear of touching glass. hy'aloplasm [G. hyalos, glass, -I- plasma, thing formed.] The fluid portion of protoplasm sup- ported in the meshes of the spongioplasm ; hyal- omitome, hyalin. nu'clear h., caryolymph. hyaloserositis (hi"al-o-se-ro-si'(se')tis) [G. hyalos, glass, 4- L. serosa, serous membrane, + G. -itis.] Inflammation of a serous membrane with a fibrinous exudate which undergoes hyaline trans- formation, assuming an appearance of porcelain ; when localized over a viscus, such as the liver or the heart, it produces the condition called icing liver, frosted liver, sugar-coated liver, or heart, etc. mul'tiple progress'ive h., polyorrhomenin- gitis. hy'alotome. Hyaloplasm. hy'brid [L. hybrida, offspring of a tame sow and a. wild boar.] Mongrel, half-breed; an animal or plant resulting from the union of male and female elements of different species. hydanto'ic acid. Uramidoacetic acid, glycoluric acid, C3H8N2O3, a derivative of hydantoin. hydan'toin. GlycocoUyl-urea, a colorless crystal- line substance, C2H4N2O2, derived from urea or from allantoin. hydat'id [G. hydatis, a drop of water.] i. An echinococcus cyst 2. A vesicular structure resem- bling an echinococcus cyst. h. of Morgagni, (i) appendix testis; (2) appendix vesiculosis. non- pedun'culated h., appendix testis, pedun'culated h., appendix epididymidis. sessile h., appendix testis, stalked h., appendix vesiculosus. hydatid'ifonn. Having the form or appearance of an hydatid. hydatidocele (hi-dS-tid'o-sel) [G. kele, tumor.] An hydatid cyst of the testicle or scrotum. hydatido'ma. A tumor formed of hydatids. hydatidosis (hi-dat-S-do'sis) [hydatid + -osis.] The morbid state caused by the presence of hydatid cysts. ' hydatidostomy (hi-dat-id-os'to-n:J) [G. stoma, mouth.] The surgical evacuation of an hydatid cyst. HYDATOID 464 HYDRARGYRI hydatoid (hi'dS-toyd) [G. hydorQiydaU) , water, + eidos, resemblance.] i. The aqueous humor. ' 2. The hyaloid m.embrane. 3. Relating to the aqueous hum.or. hydnocar'pus. A genus of trees of India and Bur- mah. H. kurz'ii, a species, the ripe seed of which is gynocardia or chaulmugra.* hydracetin (hi-dras'et-in). Pyrodin, acetylphenyl- hydrazine; a. colorless crystalline powder; inter- nally antipyretic in doses of gr. ■J— 2 (0.03-0.13); used externally in psoriasis and other skin diseases. hydracid (hi-dras'id) [kydr(ogen) + acidj] An acid having no oxygen atoms. hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'(e')tis) [G kydor, water, H- aden, gland, -I- -iiis.] Inflammation of a sweat- gland, h. des'truens suppurati'va, a furuncle from infection through a sweat-gland instead of (as more usual) a hair-follicle. hydradeno'ma [G hydor, water, -t- aden, gland, -f- 'Oma.] A small tumor arising from a sweat-gland. hydrsemia. Hydremia. hydraSroperitone'um [G, hyddr, water, + aer, air.] Hy dropneumoperitoneum . hydragogue (hi'drah-gog) [G. kydor, water, -H agogos, drawing forth.] Producing a discharge of watery- fluid; noting a class of cathartics which cause a serous flux into the intestine. hydram'mon, hydram'nios [G. hydor, water.] The presence of an excessive amount of amniotic fluid; dropsy of the amnion. hy'dramyl. Pentane. hydranencephaly (hi"dran-en-sef'3.-ll). Internal hydrocephalus , distention of the ventricles of the brain by an accumulation of fluid. hydran'gea [G. hydor, water, -H angeion, vessel.] (N.P.) ,Seven-barks, the dried root of Hydran- gea arborescent, n shrub common in the Ohio Valley; diuretic and popularly regarded as anti- lithic; a fluidextract is the usual form in which the drug is used; dose, vji^o (2 .0). hydran'gin. A glucoside C^Jizs^ut derived from hydrangea, or seven-barks; like the crude drug it is diuretic and narcotic. hydrargyri (hi-drar'ji-ri) Gen. of hydrargyrum, mercury h. ace'tas, (i) mercurous acetate, CHsCOOHg, occur- ring as white scaly crystals, soluble in 330 parts of water; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-J (o.oi- 0.03), and also externally in skin diseases; (2) mercuric acetate, (CHaC00)2Hg, occurring as colorless plates soluble in 4 parts of water; employed like the mercur- ous acetate in the same doses. h. albu'minas, albuminate of mercury, made by adding mercuric chloride to egg albumin; employed as a powder in antiseptic surgical dressings. h. am'ido-ace'tas, h. glycocoU. h. amidoproplo'nas, mercuric amidopropionate, mer- curic alanate, alanin-mercury, occurring as colorless acicular crystals soluble in water; employed subcu- taneously in the treatment of syphilis. h. amidosuccln'amas^ mercuric amidosuccinamate, asparagin-mercury, made by adding mercuric oxide to a solution of asparagin; employed hypodennically in syphilis. h. ben'zoas, mercuric benzoate, colorless acicular crystals only slightly Soluble in water; employed in hypodermic injection for syphilis. h. bro'midum corrosiViun, corrosive mercuric bro- mide, a white crystalline powder, having properties similar to those of corrosive sublimate. h. bro'midum ml'te, mild mercurous bromide, resembles calomel in physical and therapeutic proper- ties. h. car'bolas, mercuric carbolate, hydrargyri phenas. h. chlo'ridi carbam'idum, mercuric chloride-urea, a solution of i part mercuric chloride and 5 parts urea in 100 of water; employed hypodermically, in daily doses of TTJiS (i -o) for syphilis. h,. chlo'ridum corrosi'vum (U.S.), corrosive chloride of mercury, hydrargyri perchloridum (Br.), perchlo- ride of mercury, bichloride of mercury, corrosive sublimate, mercuric chloride, HgCh; occurs in white crystalline masses soluble in 13 parts of water; anti- septic, parasiticide, alterative, and antisyphilitic; dose, gr. ^^g (0.001-0.003). h. chlo'ridum mi'te (U.S.), mild chloride of mercury, hydrargyri subchloridum (Br.), subchloride of mer- cury, mercurous chloride, calomel, HgCl; a fine white powder insoluble in water; intestinal antiseptic, laxa- tive, cholagogue, alterative, and antisyphilitic in doses of gr. A-2 (0.006-0.13)- h. cyan'idum, cyanide of mercury, cyanuret of mercury, mercuric cyanide, Hg(CN)2; occurs in color- less prismatic crystals of bitter metallic taste; altera- tive and antisyphilitic in doses of gr. ^ (0.005). h. et zin'ci cyan'idum, cyanide of mecury and zinc, mercuric and zinc cyanide , Lister's double salt ; employed on gauze as an antiseptic, non-irritant surgical dressing. h. formam'idum» mercuric formamide, mercury formamidate, a solution of mercuric oxide in forma- mide; employed hypodermically in dose of HPiS (i . c) every second day for syphilis. h, gal'las^ mercuric gallate, prepared by mixing equal quantities of mercuric oxide and gallic acid; a greenish black insoluble powder, employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06). h. io'das, mercuric iodate, a white amorphous pow- der, soluble in water containing potassium iodide or sodium chloride; employed hypodermically in syphilis in doses of gr. J- i (o.oi— o.ors) every second day. h. io'didum. fla'vum (U.S.), yellow mercurous iodide, protiodide of mercury, yellow, or green, iodide of mercury, Hgl; a bright yellow powder without odor or taste; employed especially in the treatment of the secondary stage of syphilis in doses of gr, J-i (0.015- 0.06). h. io'didumru'brum(U.S., Br.), red mercuric iodide, biniodide of mercury, deutoiodide of mercury, Hglz; occurs as bright red crystals or powder, very slightly soluble in water; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. A (0.004). h. io'didum vir'ide (U.S., 1880), green iodide of mercury, hydrargyri iodidum flavum. h. lac'tas, mercurous lactate, a white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water; employed in syphilis hypodermically in doses of TiPis (i .0) of a i per cent, solution, h. naphtholace'tas, mercuric naphthol-acetate, oc- curring in the form of a yellowish powder or acicular crystals; employed for the same purposes as the naphtholate. h. naphtho'las, mercuric naphtholate, mercury beta- naphthol, a grayish or yellowish white powder em- ployed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4-1 (0.03-0.06) and hypodermically in syphilis in doses of gr. i— 5" (o.oT-o.oa). h. ni'tras, nitrate of mercury, (i) mercurous nitrate, a yellow crystalline powder sometimes employed in syphilis and as an antiseptic in doses of gr. i (o.oi); (2) mercuric nitrate, a white powder soluble in water; employed as an alterative and anti- syphilitic in doses of gr. ^J (0.004-0.008), and locally as a caustic. h. o'leas (Br.), mercuric oleate, oleate of mercury, oleatum hydrargyri (U.S.); hard soap 16, oleic acid 1, dissolve in boiling watei 88, add mercuric chloride 8- dissolved in water 80; boil, decant, and wash the precipitated oleate free from chlorides. h. ox'idum fla'vum (U.S., Br.), yellow mercuric oxide, precipitated oxide of mecury, HgO; a yellow amorphous^ powder, employed locally in ointment as an application to sore eyelids, sties, and conjunc- tivitis, in the strength of gr. 2 (0.13) to the ounce (30.0) of ointment. h. ox'idum ru'brum (U.S., Br.), red mercuric oxide, peroxide of mercury, red oxide of mercury, red pre, cipitate, HgO; a brownish or yellowish red powder- almost insoluble in water; used diluted as a dusting powder and in the form of ointment to syphilitic lesions HYDRARGYRI 46s HYDRIC h. ozycyan'idiun, mercuric oxycyanide, a white crystalline powder; has been employed by injection in the treatment of syphilis. h. paraphenolsulpho'nas, mercuric paraphenolsul- phonate, hydrargyrol, occurs in reddish brown scaly crystals, soluble in water; employed as an antiseptic in place of corrosive sublimate. h. pep'tonas, mercuric peptonate, a solution contain- 'ng the product of i part mercuric chloride, 3 parts peptone, in 100 parts water; dose, llUis (i.o) hypo- dermically in syphilis. h. perchlo'ridum (Br.), perchloride of mercury, hydrargyri chloiidum corrosivum (U.S.). h. phe'nas, mercuric phenate, mercuric phenolate, mercuric phenylate, mercuric carbolate, a grayish white crystalline powder; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-J (0.02-0.03). h. pyrobo'ras, mercuric pyroborate, mercuric borate, made by mixing solutions of borax and mercuric chloride and evaporating; a brownish insoluble powder, employed as a dusting powder for wounded surfaces. h. salicyl'as (U.S.), mercuric salicylate, a white amorphous powder, insoluble in water; used in syphilis in doses of gr. f-i (o .008-0 .06). h. sozoiod'olas, mercuric sozoiodolate, a yellow powder soluble in saline solution; employed subcu- taneously and locally in syphilis. h. subchlo'ridum (Br.), subchloride of mercury, calomel, hydrargyri chloridum mite (U.S.). h. Bubsij'phas fla'vus, yellow subsulphate of mer- cury, yellow mercuric sulphate, basic mercuric sul- phate, turpeth mineral a lemon -yellow powder; emetic and alterative, dose, gr. 2-4 (o. 13-0.25). h. succinimi'dum, mercuric succinimide, a white crystalline powder soluble in water; employed in dose of gr. i (0.012) intramuscularly every other day in tuberculosis and other diseases of bacterial origin. h. sul'phas, mercuric sulphate, normal mercuric sulphate, a white crystalline powder — the basic mercuric sulphate is yellow; employed in the manu- facture of other mercurials. h. Bul'phidum ni'grum, black sulphide of mercury, sethiops mineral; is not now employed in medicine. h. sul'phidum ru'bmm, red sulphide of mercury, red mercuric sulphide, cinnabar, Paris red, vermilion; the ore from which metallic mercury ^s obtained. h. taa'nas, mercurous. tannate, occurs in brownish green scales; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). h. thymolace'tas, mercuric thymolacetate, a white (yystalline powder practically insoluble in water; employed in syphilis in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06), and also subcutaneously in suspension in liquid paraffin. hydrargyria (hi-drar-jir'I-ah) [L. hydrargyrum, mer- cury.] Mercurial poisoning, mercurialism, hy- drargyrism; marked by ptyalism, tremors, etc. hydiaigyrism (hi-drar-ji-izm). Hydrargyria. hydrar'gyrol. Hydrargyri paraphenolsulphonas. hydrargyrum, gen. hydrar'gyri (hi-drar'ji-rum) [G. hydor, water, + argyros, silver.] (U.S., Br.). . Mercury, quicksilver; a heavy, silvery, liquid metal, symbol Hg, atomic weight, 200 ; employed in thermometers, barometers, manometers, and other scientific instruments ; many of ts salts are employed in medicine as antiseptics, parasiticides, alteratives, and antisyphilitics. [For the salts of mercury, see under hydrargyri.] h. ammonia'- tum (U.S., Br.), ammoniated mercury, mercuric ammonium chloride, white precipitate, a white amorphous powder; employed externally in ointment in the treatment of skin diseases, h. colloida'le, colloidal mercury, hyrgol, a nearly black, tasteless powder; has been employed by inunction in hereditary syphilis, also internally in doses of iTg3— 10 (0.2-0.6) of a 1 per cent, aqueous solution, h. cum cre'ta (U.S., Br.), mercury with chalk, gray powder, aethiops creta- ceus, a gray powder composed of 38 parts metal- lic mercury and 57 parts prepared chalk; em- ployed in the treatment of infantile syphilis and of bowel disturbances in children, in doses of gr. 1—5 (0.06-0.3). ^- gly'cocoU, amidoacetate of mercury, employed in i per cent, solution by injection. hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro'sis) [G. hydor, water, -I- arthron, joint.] Articular dropsy; effusion of a serous fluid into a joint cavity, intermitf ent h., an affection characterized by a periodically re- curring serous effusion into the cavity of a joint ; the articulation may be the seat of rheumatoid arthritis or other acute or chronic disease, or it may be apparently normal in the intervals of the attacks. hydrar'thrus. Hydrarthrosis. hydrastina (hi-dras-te'nah) (U.S.). Hydrastine, the alkaloid of hydrastis, occurring in colorless prisms practically insoluble in water; employed locally in the treatment of catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes, and also internally in doses of gr. J-i (0.015-0.03). hydrasti'nae hydrochlo'- ridum (U.S.), hydrastine hydrochloride, occurs as a hygroscopic, creamy-white, odorless pow- der, soluble in water and alcohol; dose, gr. J— J (0.01-0.02). hydrastinina (hi-dras-tin-e'nah). An artificial alka- loid prepared by treating hydrastine with oxidiz- ing agents in acid solution, hydrastini'nse hy- drochlo'ridum (U.S.), hydrastinine hydrochloride occurs as a yellowish crystalline powder; em- ployed in uterine hemorrhage and as an oxytocic in hypodermic doses of gr. ^i (0.03-0.06). hydras'tis [G. hydrastina, wild hemp.] (U.S.) The dried rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis, a native of the eastern United States, golden seal, yellow root, Indian turmeric, jaundice-root; employed in the treatment of chronic catarrhal states of the mucous membranes and in metrorrhagia, in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0). hy'drate [G. hydor, water.] A compound contain- ing water in chemical union; an aqueous sol- vate*; hydroxide. hy'drated. Combined with water, forming a hy- drate. hydra'tion. The chemical union of a substance with water. hydraulics (hi-draw'liks) [G. hydor, water, + aulas, a pipe.] The science which treats of water in its kinetic relations. hydrazine (hi'drS-zen). Diamine, any member of the group HjN — NH^, from which phenylhy- drazine and similar reduction products are derived. hydrazone (hi'drS^zon). A substance derived from aldehydes and ketones by reaction with phenylhydrazine. hydre'mia, hydrse'mia [G. hydor, water, -t- haitna, blood.] A condition in which there is an excess of the fluid portion of the blood. hydrencephalocele (hi"dren-sef'al-o-sel) [G. hydor, water, -I- enkephalos, brain, + kele, tumor.] Protrusion, through a cleft in the skull, of brain substance expanded into a sac containing fluid. hydrenceph'alus [G. hydor, water, + enkephalos, brain.] Hydranencephaly, inter-: al hydrocepha- lus. hydriatic (hi-drJ-at'ik) [G. hydor, water, + iatikos, healing.] Hydriatric, hydrotherapeutio. hydriat'ric [G. hydor, water, + iatrikos, relating to medicine.] Hydrotherapeutlc, relating to the use of water in the treatment of disease. hy'dric. Relating to hydrogen in chemical com- bination. HYDRIDE 466 HYDROGENOID hydride (hi'drid, hi'drid). A compound of hydro- gen with another element or a radical. hyd'riodate. A salt of hydriodic acid. hydriod'ic acid. See under acidum. hydri'odol. Cypridol. hydro- [G. hydor, water.] A prefix denoting water or hydrogen. hydro'a [G. hydor, water.] Any bullous eruption. h. gestlva'le [L. tssiivus, summer], h. vacciniforme, h. febri'le, herpes simplex, h. herpetifor'nie, dermatitis herpetiformis, h. puero'ruxn [L. of boys], h. vacciniforme, h. vaccinifor'me, an inflammatory eruption of vesicles, occurring in hot weather, affecting children, especially boys, and followed by permanent scars. hydroappendix (hi"dro-^-pen'diks). Distention of the vermiform appendix with a serous fluid. hydrobilirubin (hi"dro-bil-![-ru'bin). A substance, thought to be a derivative of bilirubin, found some- times in the urine in cases of fever. hydrobro'mate. A salt of hydrobromic acid. hydrobro'mic acid. See under acidum, hydrocar'bon. A compound containing only hydro- gen and carbon, sat'urated h., a h. which con- tains the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms, leaving no free valencies. hydrocele (hi'dro-sel; as a Latin word, hi-dro-se'le) [G. hydor, water, + kele, hernia.] A collection of serous fluid in a sacculated cavity; specifically, such a collection in the tunica vaginalis testis. cer'vical h., h. colli, a, cyst formed by secretion into a persistent duct or fissure of the neck. congen'ital h., a collection of fluid in the open tube leading from the abdominal cavity to the investing sac of the testis, funic'ular h., fluid in a portion of the tunica vaginalis shut off from both testis and abdominal cavity, h. coll'i, cervical h. h. fem'inae, an accumulation of serous fluid in the labiiun majus or in the canal of Nuck. h. mulie'bris, h. feminae. h. spina'lis, spina bifida. hydrocenosis (hi"dro-sen-o'sis) [G. hyddr(hydr-), water, -1- .kendsis, an emptying.] Removal of a dropsical fluid by operation or medicinal means. hydrocephal'ic. Relating to or suffering from hydrocephalus. hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef'al-o-sel). Hydrenceph- alocele. hydroceph'aloid [G. eidos, resemblance.] i. Resem- bling hydrocephalus. 2. A condition in infants suffering from diarrhea or other exhausting dis- ease, in which there are general symptoms resembling those of hydrocephalus without, however, any abnormal accumulation of cerebro- spinal fluid. hydroceph'alus [G. hydor, water, + kephale, head.] A condition, usually congenital, marked by an extensive effusion of serum into the cerebral ventricles, dilating these cavities, thinning the brain, and causing a separation of the cranial bones; there may also be an ' accumulation of fluid in the subarachnoid space, acute' h., basilar (tuberculous) meningitis, chron'ic h., a gradual accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, occurring in infancy, causing enlarge- ment of the head and signs of mental deficiency. exter'nal h., an accumulation of fluid in the sub- arachnoid spaces of the brain, inter'nal h., h. in which the accumulation of fluid is confined to the ventricles, Whytt'sdisease.hydranencephaly. pri'mary h., chronic h. sec'ondary h., an accu- mulation of fluid in the cranial cavity, due to meningitis or obstruction to the venous flow. hy drochinone (hi-dro-kin'on) . Hydroquinone. hydrochlo'rate. A salt of hydrochloric acid. hydrochlo'ric acid. See under acidum. hydrocholecystis (hi-dro-ko-le-sis'tis) [G. hydor, water, + chole, bile, -I- kystis, bladder.] An effusion of serous fluid into the gall-bladder. hydrocinnam'ic acid. Beta-phenyl-propionic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative, occurring in white, feathery crystals; recommended in the treatment of tuberculosis in doses of gr. |-ij (0.045-0.1). hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sur'so-sel). Hydrocele com- plicated with variocele. hydrocol'pos [G. hydor, water, -(- kolps, sinus (vagina).] An accumulation of mucus or other non-sanguineous fluid in the vagina. hydroco'turnine. An alkaloidal principle derived from narcotine by the action of nascent hydro- gen, CizHisNOs, occurring in the form of color- less prisms. Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot'i-le) [G. hydor, water, + kotyle, cup.] A genus of plants of the order Umbelliferce. H. asiat'ica, shilling-grass, Indian pennywort, a shrub growing in wet places in tropical regions, employed as an alterative in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). H. contel'la, South African pennywort, used in dysentery. hydrocyan'ic acid. An extremely poisonous, colorless liquid, HCN, employed in diluted form in medicine; see under acidum. hy'drocyst [G. hydor, water, + kystis, bladder.] A cyst with limpid contents. hydrocysto'ma [G. hydor, water, -H kystis, bladder, + ~dma.] An eruption of deeply seated vesicles, due to retention of fluid in the sweat-follicles; properly written hidrocystoma. hydrodynamics (hi-dro-di-nam'iks) [G. hydor, water, + dynamis, force.] The branch of physics which treats of the force of liquids. hydroelectric (hi-dro-e-lek'trik) . Relating to a combination of electricity and water, as the elec- tric bath. • hydroenceph'alocele [G. hydor, water, -)- enkepha- los, brain, -|- kele, hernia.] Hydrencephalocele. hydroferricyan'ic acid. A hexabasic acid, HeFez- (CN)i2, forming a ferricyanide with a base. hydroferrocyan'ic acid. A tetrabasic acid, HiTe- (CN)6, forming a ferrocyanide in combination with a base. hydrogel (hi'dro-jel) [G. hydor, water, + L. gelare, to congeal.] A colloid which solidifies in gelatin- ous form with a large content of water. hydrogen (hi'dro-jen) [G. hydor, water, + gennad, I produce.] An odorless, colorless, tasteless ele- ment, gaseous at ordinary temperatures and pres- sure; symbol H, atomic weight I. It is the lightest known substance, and the weight of one of its atoms is the unit of atomic weights. It is readily replaceable in many compounds by other elements or radicals, and this substitution of the hydrogen atoms in an acid forms a salt. h. dioxide, h. per- oxide, oxygenated water, golden liquid; a colorless, syrupy liquid, HjOj, a powerful oxidizing agent, being used as a disinfectant in aqueous solutions of 15 to 20 volume strength, h. monox'ide, water, h. perox'ide, h. dioxide, sul'phtireted h,, h. sulphide, HjS, a colorless, inflammable gas of fetid odor, formed in the deconniposition of organic matter conta,ining sulphur. hydrogenoid constitution (hi'dro-jen-oyd kon-sti- tu'shun). In homeopathy one of von Grauvogel's three constitutional groups, the one in which there is too great an amount of fluid in the blood and tissues, hydremia. See oxygenoid constitution and carhonitrogen constitution. HYDROGLOSSA 467 HYDROPNEUMOPERICARDIUIV hydioglos'sa [G. hydorQiydr-), . water, + glossa, tongue.] Ranula. hydrohematonephrosis (hi-dro-hem-S.-to-ne-fro'- sis) [G. hydor, water, + haima, blood, + nephros, kidney, + -osis.] The presence of blood and urine in the dilated pelvis and calyces of the kidney. hydrohymenitis (hi-dro-hi-men-i'(e')tis) [G. hydor, water, + hymen, membrane, + -itis.'\ Inflamma- tion of a serous membrane. hydrokinet'ics [G. hydor, water, + kinesis, m.otion.] Hydraulics ; hydrodynamics. hydrolase (hi'dro-laz). Hydrolyst. hydrolein (hi-dro'le-iu) . Trade name of an emulsion of cod-liver oil. hydrol'ogy [G. hydor, water, + -logia."] The science which treats of water in all its solutions. hy'drolymph. The circulating fluid in many of the invertebrates. hydrol'ysis [G. hydor, water, -1- lysis, setting free.] A chemical process whereby a compound takes up oxygen and hydrogen in the proportion form- ing water and is thereupon resolved into other compounds; the result is called splitting ("fat- splitting," "starch-splitting," etc.) when it is induced in the animal or vegetable body through the action of enzymes. hy'drolyst. A ferment which induces hydrolysis. hydrolyt'lc. Referring to or causing hydrolysis. hy'drolyze. To subject to hydrolysis. hy'dromel [G. hydor, water, -f- meli, honey.] A mixture of honey and water, used as an ex- cipient. hydromeningitis (hi-dro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. hy- dor, water, + meninx, membrane, + 'itis.l 1. Hydrocephalus intemus. 2. Cyclitis. 3. Men- ingitis with profuse serous eflfusion. hydromeningocele (hi-dro-men-in'go-sel) [G. hydor, water, -f- meninx, membrane, + kele, hernia.] Protrusion of the meninges of brain or spinal cord through a defect in the bony wall, the sac so formed containing fluid. hydrom'eter [G. hydor, water, H- meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the specific gravity of a liquid. hydrome'tra [G. hydor, water, + metra, uterus.] An accumulation of thin mucus or other watery fluid in the cavity of the uterus. hydromet'ric. Relating to hydrometry or the hydrometer. hydrom'etry. The determination of the specific gravity of a fluid by means of an hydrometer. hydrom'phalus [G. hydor, water, -f, omphalos, mnbilicus.] A cystic tumor at the umbilicus. hydromyelia (hi-dro-mi-e'l!-ah) [G. hydor, water, -t- myelos, marrow.] An increase of fluid in the di- lated central canal of the spinal cord, or in con- genital cavities elsewhere in the cord substance; hydrorrhachis interna. hydromyelocele (hi-dro-mi'el-o-sel) [G. hydor, water, + myelos, marrow, -I- feeZe, tumor, hernia.] The protrusion of a portion of cord, thinned out into a sac distended with cerebrospinal fluid, through a spina bifida. hydromyo'ma. A myoma containing cysts. hy'dronal. Viferral, a white, slowly soluble powder, obtained by the reaction of chloral and pyridin; hypnotic in doses of gr lo-i 5 (o . 6-1 . o). hydrone (hi'dron) [G. hydor, water, -|- on, being.] The fundamental unit, or simplest constituent, of water, which latter is regarded as a mixture of two or more of these units, of varying mole- cular complexity according to its state as solid, liquid, or gaseous. hydronephro'sis [G. hydor, water, -t- nephros, kidney. Dilatation of the pelvis and calyces of one o both kidneys in consequence of obstruction to th flow of urine. ' hy"dronephrot'ic. Relating to hydronephrosis. hydroparasal'pinx [G. hydor, water, + para, beside + salpinx, trumpet.] An accumulation of serou fluid in the accessory tubes of the Fallopian tube hydropath'ic. i. Relating to hydropathy. 2. Hy drotherapeutic. 3. In England, a half sanato rium, half boarding-house, located at a watering place. hydropathy (hi-drop'^-thi) [G. hydor, water, H pathos, suffering.] The use of water in th' treatment of disease; frequently, the unscientifii use of water, as distinguished from hydro therapy. hydropericarditis (hi-dro-per-I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G hydor, water.] Pericarditis with a large serou effusion. hydropericar'dium. A non-inflammatory accumula tion of serum in the pericardial sac. hydroperinephrosis (hi"-dro-per-I-ne-fro'sis) [G. hy dor, water, -I- peri, around, + nephros, kidney. Anascarca of the connective tissue surroundinj the kidney, in addition frequently to an ac ctimulation of urine within the pelvis am calyces. hydroper'ion [G, hydor, water, -h peri, about, + oon egg.] A fluid thought to be present, in the earl; stages of embryonic development, between th" decidua vera and decidua reflexa. hydroperitone'um, hydroperito'nia [G hydorQiydr-) water, + periionaion, peritoneum.] Ascites. hy'drophil, hydrophil'ic. Hydrophilous. hydrophilous (hi-drof'I-Ius) [G. hydorQiydr-), water -1- philos, fond.] i. Bibulous, readily taking u] moistiure. 2. In botany, pollinated by the agenc; of water. 3. Lyophilic, lyophilous. hydrophobia (hi-dro-fo'bi-ah) [G. hydor, water + phobos, fear.] Lyssa, rabies in man. hydropho'bic i. Relating to or suffering fron hydrophobia. 2. Lyophobic. hydropho'bin. Lyssin, the virus of rabies o: hydrophobia. hydrophobi'num. A homeopathic nosode preparet from the virus of rabies. hydropho"bopho'bia. Lyssophobia. hydrophthal'mos, hydrophthal'mus [G. hydor, water -I- ophthalmos, eye.] Buphthalmos. hydrophysometra (hi"dro-fi"-so-me'trah) [G. hydor water, + physa, gas, -I- metra, uterus.] The pres ence of fluid and gas in the uterine cavity. hydrop'ic. Dropsical ; relating to dropsy hydropigenous (hi-dr6-pij'en-us) [G. hydrops, dropsy -t- gennao, 1 produce.] Causing dropsy, noting forms of renal and cardiac disease. hydropitherapy (hi"drop-I-ther'a-pi) [G. hydrops dropsy, + therapeia, treatment.] 1. Treatmen of dropsy. 2. Treatment of disease, such as can cer, by the injection of dropsical, especially as citic, fluid taken from a person undergoing spon taneous cure of the disease. hydroplasma (hi-dro-plaz'mah) [G. hydor, water -I- plasma, thing formed.] The fluid part 01 protoplasm. hydropneumatosis (hi-dro-nu-mS-to'sis) [G. hydor water, + pneuma, breath, spirit.] Combined emphysema and edema, the presence of liquic and gas in the tissues. hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu"mo-per-I-kar'- dl-um) [G. hydor, water, + pneuma, breath; spirit.] The presence of a serous effusion and of gas in the pericardial sac. HYD ROPNEUMOPERITONEUM 468 HYDROZONE hydropneuinoperitoneuin(hi-dro-nu"mo-per-I-to-ne'- um) [G. hyddr, water, + pneuma breath, spirit.] The presence of gas and serous fluid in the 'peritoneal cavity. hydropneumothoraz (hi"dro-nu"-nio-tho'raks) [G. hyddr, water, + pneuma, air.] The presence of both gas and a serous effusion in the pleural cavity. hy'drops. [G. hydrdps.l Dropsy, hydropsy, h. abdom'inis, abdominal dropsy, hydroreritonia, ascites.* h. ad mat'ulam [L. matula, urinal], polyuria, diabetes, h. an'tri, a serous effusion in the antrum of Highmore. h. artic'uli, hydrar- throsis, h. asthmat'icus, beriberi, h. follic'uli, accumulation of fluid in a Graafian follicle, h. hypos'trophos, angioneurotic edema, h. tu'bse, hydrosalpinx, h. tu'bse pro'fluens, a discharge of watery fluid from the oviduct; intermittent hydrosalpinx, h. vesi'cse fel'leae, dropsy of the gall-bladder, distention of the gall-bladder with fluid. hydropyonephrosis (hi"dro-pi"o-ne-fro'sis) [G. hyddr, water, -I- pyon, pus, + nephros, kidney.] The presence of purulent urine in the pelvis and calyces of the kidney following obstruction in the ureter. hydropyrine (hi-dro-pi'rin). Trade name of a lithium salt of acetyl-salicylic acid; a light crys- talline powder of a pleasant acid taste; recom- mended as a substitute for sodium salicylate in rheumatism, and neuralgia. hydroquinol (hi-dro-kwin'ol, hi-dro-kin'ol). Hy- droquinone. hydroquinone (hi-dro-kwin'on, hi-dro-kin'on). Hy- droquinol, hydrochinone, quinol, an isomer of resorcinol; a reduction product of quinone by sulphurous acid; occurs in colorless crystals soluble in 17 parts of water; has been employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6), and also externally as an antiseptic; used in photography as a developer. hydrorrhachis (hi-dror'S-kis) [G. hyddrQiydr-), water, -I- rhachis, spine.] Dropsy of the spinal cord, an increase in the cerebrospinal fluid between the membranes and the cord {k. exter'- na) or in the central canal or cavities formed in the cord substance (h. inter'na).. hydroirhacliitis (hi-dror-S-ki'(ke')tis) [G. hyddr, water, + rhachis, spine, -1- -itis.'] Inflammation of the spinal cord or its membranes, with a marked serous effusion. hydrorrhea, hydrorrhoea (hi-dror-re'ah) [G. hyddr Qiydr-), water, -1- rhoia, flow.] A profuse dis- charge of watery fluid from any part. h. grav'ldse, I h. gravida'tum, discharge of a watery fluid from the i vagina during pregnancy, na'sal h., rhinorrhea, a profuse discharge of watery fluid from the nasal mucous membrane. hydrosal'pinx [G. hyddr, water, + salpinx, trumpet.] An accumulation of serous fluid in the Fallopian tube. hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'ko-sel) [G. hyddr, water, -I- sarx(sark-), flesh, + kele, tumor.] A chronic swelling of the testis complicated with hy- drocele. hydroEcbeocele (hi-dros'ke-o-sel) [G hyddr, water, H- oscheon, scrotum, + hele, hernia.] A scrotal hernia complicated with a serous effusion in the sac. hy'drosol [G. h ddr, water, + L solubilis, soluble.] A colloidal dispersion in which water is the dis- persion means; a permanent suspension in water of a solid in an extremely minute state of sub- division, as it were only one step removed from a solution, hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfilg'mo-graf) [G. hyddr. water.] A sphygmograph in which the pulse beat is transmitted to the recorder through a column of water. hydrospirom'eter [G hyddr, water.] A spirometer in which the force of the expired air is indicated by the rise of a colimin of water. hydrostat'ic. Relating to the pressure of fluids or to their properties when in equilibrium. , h. test, see test. hydrostat'ics [G. hyddr, water, + statos, standing.] Science relating to the physical properties of liquids in a state of equilibrium. hydrosudopathy (hi"dro-su-dop'a-thI) [G. hyddr (Jiydr-), water, + L. sudor, sweat, + G. pathos, suffering.] Hydrosudotherapy. hydrosudotherapy (hi"dro-su"do-ther'a-pI) [G. hyddr (hydr-), water, -f- L. sudor, sweat, + G. therapeuo, I heal.] Hydrotherapy combined with induced sweating, as in the Turkish bath. hydrosyringomyelia (hi"dro-sir-in"go-nii-e'-U-ah) [G. hyddr, water, + syrinx, a tube, + myelos, mar- row.] The presence of abnormal spaces in the spinal cord with distention of the central canal by the cerebrospinal fluid. hydrotherapeut'ics [G. hyddr, water, + therapeuo, I treat disease.] Hydrotherapy. hydrother'apy [G. hyddr, water, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of disease by means of water applied in various ways; the scientific use of water in therapeutics, as distinguished from hydropathy, or its empirical application. hydrothionemia, hydrothioneeinia (hi-dro-thi-o-ne'- ml-ah) [G. hyddr, water, -|- iheion, sulphur, + haima, blood.] The presence of sulphureted hydrogen in the blood. hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-o-nu'rl-ah) [G. hyddr, water, -I- theion, sulphur, -f- ouron, tirine.] The exci;etion of sulphureted hydrogen in the iirine. hydrotho'rax [G. hyddr, water.] A non-inflamma- tory effusion of serous fluid in the pleural cavity. hydro'tis [G. hyddr, water, + ous{dt-), ear.] A serous effusion in the tympanum or internal ear. hydrot'omy. Tearing apart the tissue elements, in histology, by means of water. hydrotropism (hi-drot'ro-pizm) [G. hyddr, water, -I- tropos, a turning.] The property in growing or- ganisms of turning toward a moist surface (positive h.) or away from a moist surface (nega- tive h.). hydrotym'panuin [G. hyddr, water.] A serous effusion in the tympanum. hydro-ureter (hi"dro-u-re'ter) [G. hyddr, water.] Distention of the ureter with urine, due to stric- txae or a calculus or newgrowth. hydrova'rium [G. hyddr, water,] The presence of an ovarian cyst. hydrox'ide. Hydrate, a compound containing hydroxy!. hydroxybenzene (hi-drok-sS-ben'zen) . Phenol. hydroxycholine (hi-drok-sl-ko'ISn). Muscarine. hydrox'yl. The atom group or univalent radical HO, resulting from the removal of an atom of hydrogen from the molecule of water; when this atom is replaced by another element or radical the compound is an hydroxide. hydioxylamine hydrochloride (hi-droks-il'S-men hi-dro-klo'rid). Oxyammonium hydrochloride, NHjOH.HCl, occurring as colorless hygroscopic crystals; employed as a substitute for pyrogallol, ohrysarobin, and other reducing agents in the treatment of skin diseases. hy'diozone. Trade name of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. HYDRURIA 469 HYMENOLEPIS hydru'ria [G. hydorQiydr-), water, + ouron, urine.] Polyuria; the excretion of a greatly increased amovmt of watery urine without a proportionate increase in the solids. hydru'ric. Relating to hydruria. hyetometry (hi-g-tom'e-tri) [G. hyetos, rain, + metron, measure.] The measurement of the amount of rainfall. hygiastic (hi-jl-as'tik) [G. hygiastos, to be healed.] Hygienic, sanitary. hygias'tics. The science of hygiene. hygieinism (hi'je-in-izm) [G. hygieia, health.] A tendency to the extreme observance of hygienic laws. , hygieinization (hi-je-in-i-za'shun). Rendering hy- gienic. hygieiolatry (hi-je-yoI'S-tri) [G. hygieia, health, + latreia, worship.] An extreme observance of the laws of health. hygieiology (hi-je-yol'o-ji) [G. hygieia, health + -ologyJ] I. The science of hygiene, -j. The sum of all measures for the spread and populari- zation of public health knowledge. hygieist (hi'je-ist) [G. hygieia, health.] One who gives special study to the laws of health hygiene (hi'je-en) [G. hygieinos healthful.] The science of health. hygienic (hi-je-en'ik). Healthful; relating to hy- giene; tending to preserve health. Hygienic Laboratory coefficient (hi-jY-en'ik lab'o- ra-to-ri ko-S-fish'ent) [Referring to the Hygienic Laboratory of the U.S. Public Health Service, Washington.] See coefficient. hygienist (hi'je-en-ist). One who is skilled in the science of health; hygieist. hy'gric [G. hygros, moist.] Relating to moisture. hy'grine. A substance said to be an alkaloid derived from coca leaves. hygrobleph'aric [G. hygros, moist, + blepharon, eyelid.] Moistening the eyelids, noting tl^6 ducts of the lacrymal glands. hy'grol. Hydrargjrrum coUoidale. hygro'ma, pi. hygrc/mata [G. hygros, fluid, -t- -oma.J A cystic swelling containing a serous fluid, such as tt cystic lymphangioma, housemaid's knee, etc. hygromed (hi'gro-med). An instrument for meas- uring the amount of vapor given off from the skin. hygromedry (hi-grom'e-dil) [G. hygros, moist.] Determination of the amount of vapor given off from a certain area of the skin. hygrom'eter [G. hygros, moist, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. hygromet'ric. 1. Hydrophilous, hygroscopic. :i. Relating to hygrometry. hygrom'etiy. The determination of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. hygroph'ila [G. hygros, moist, -f- phileo, I love.] (B.A.) The dried herb, Hygrophila spinosa, a plant of tropical Asia; diuretic and demulcent in doses of S 1-2 (30 . 0—60 . o) of a decoction , i in i o. hygropho'bia [G. hygros, moist, -t- phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of moisture or dampness. hy'groscope [G. hygros, moist, + skoped, I view.] An instrument for indicating the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. hygroscop'ic. i. Relating to a hygroscope a. Bibulous, hydrophilous. hygroscopy (hi-gros'ko-pl). The determination of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. hygrosto'mia [G. hygros, moist, + stoma, mouth.] Salivation. hy'la. Paraqueduct hy'lic [G. hyle, stuff, raw material.] Relating to the pulp tissues, the neuroblast, mesenchyme, striated muscle, and the notochord. h. tis'sues, primitive-pulp tissues, or "organs and tissues in which the special characteristic is that the specific cells lie in, and are separated by, a definite stroma, homogeneous or fibrillar, in which there may or may not be blood- and lymph-vessels." (Adami.) h. tu'mor, pulp tiunor, hyloma.* hylo'ma [G. hyle, stuff crude matter, -I- -oma.'\ A hylic or pulp tumor, one due to hyperplasia of tissues derived from the embryonic pulp of epi- blastic origin, atyp'ical h., gliosarcoma. mesen'- chymal h., a tumor of tissue derived from the mesoblastic pulp or mesenchyme, mesothe'lial h., a ttunor derived from tissue of mesothelial origin, typ'ical h., glioma, neuroma. hylop'athism [G. hyle, matter, + pathos, feeling.] I. The theory that inanimate matter is endowed with sensation, a. The theory that disease depends upon a disarrangement of animal matter. hylotropic (hi-lo-trop'ik) [G. hyle, matter, + tropos, a turning. ] Noting a change of form or condition, such as evaporation or freezing, which occurs without change in composition of the substance in question. hylozo'ism [G. hyle, matter, + noon, animal.] The theory that everything in nature, including the earth itself, possesses life. hy'men [G. hymen, membrane.] A thin crescentic or annular fold partly closing the vaginal opening in the virgin, h. bifenestra'tus, h. bifo'ris, one in which there are two openings separated by a wide septum; see h. septus, h. cribrifor'mls, one with a number of small perforations, h. den- ticula'tus, one with markedly serrated edges, h. imperfora'tus, one in which there is no opening, the membrane completely occluding the vagina. h. infundibullfor'mis, a projecting h. with a cen- tral opening with sloping edges, h. sculpta'tus, 1234s Various Forms op the Hymen: i, Falciform or semi- lunar; 2, fimbriated; 3, bilabiate; 4, biperf orate; s, cribriform. one with markedly uneven and ragged edges. h. sep'tus, one in which there are two openings, separated by a narrow band of tissue; see h. bifenestratus. h. subsep'tus, one in which the opening is partly closed by a thin band of appa- rently adventitious tissue. hy'menal. Relating to the hymen. hymenitis (hi-men-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the hymen. hyme'nium [G. hymenion, dim. of hymen, membrane.] In botany, a layer of the terminating portions of hyphae in fungi, forming the mother cells' of spores. Hymenol'epis [G. hymen, membrane, -I- lepis, rind.] A genus of Cestoda or tapeworms. H. diminu'ta, a tapeworm of rats and mice, seldom foimd in man ; its larvae are harbored by beetles and cater- pillars. H. lanceola'ta, a tapeworm of aquatic birds, found very exceptionally in man. H. HYMENOLEPIS 470 HYPERALBUMINOSIS murl'na, H. na'na, Tania nana, a very small tape- worm of man, sometimes found in great numbers in the intestine ; the cysticercus is not known, but it is believed the worm may develop through all its stages in a single host. hymenol'ogy [G. hymen, membrane, + -logia.'] The branch of anatomy and physiology dealing with the membranes of the body. hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or'r3,-fi) [G. hymen, membrane, + rhaphe, a suture.] Suture of a membrane. hymenotome (hi-men'o-tom). A knife used in di- viding the hymen or other membranes. hymenot'omy [G. .hymen, membrane, -t- tomi, incision.] 1. Division of an imperforate hymen. 2. Anatomy of the membranes. hyobas"ioglos'sus. The fasciculus of the hyoglos- sus muscle which arises from the body of the hyoid bone. hyoepiglottic (hi"o-ep-I-glot'ik). Relating to the hyoid bone and the epiglottis, noting the elastic h. ligament connecting the two structures. hyoepiglottidean (hi"o-ep-I-gl6-tid'e-an). Hyo- epiglottic. hyoglos'sal [G. hyoeides, hyoid, -I- glossa, tongue.] Relating to the hyoid bone and the tongue, noting the h. membrane, an aponeurosis connecting these two structures, and the h. muscle. hyoglos'sus. See under musculus. hy'oid [G. hyoeides, like the letter ypsilon, T or u.] Y-shaped or U-shaped, noting the tongue bone, OS* hyoideum. hy"opharynge'us. Musculus* constrictor pharyn- gis medius [BNA]. hyosci'na. Hyoscine, an alkaloid isomeric, if not identical, with scopolamine, obtained from hyos- cyamus and stramonium, hyosci'nae hydrobro'- midum (Br.), scopolaminae hydrobromidum (U.S.), occurs in the form of colorless rhombic crystals, soluble in water, without odor, but with an acrid bitter taste; employed in the treat- ment of mania and as an hypnotic in doses of gr. rJin^tr (0.0004-0.0006). hyoscyamina (hi-os-si-ah-me'nah). Hyoscyamine, ' an alkaloid found in hyoscyamus, belladonna, and stramonium, an isomer of atropine; occurs in the form of acicular crystals or of an amorphous powder of an acrid taste; employed as an anti- spasmodic, hypnotic, and sedative in doses of gr. lijT'^ (0.0004-0.0008). hyoscyami'nas hydro- bro'miduin, hyoscyamine hydrobromide, occurs in white prismatic crystals of an acrid bitter taste, readily soluble in water; employed for the same purposes and in the same dose as the alkaloid. hyoscyami'nae sul'phas, hyoscyamine sulphate, oc- curs as a white crystalline powder, of an acrid bitter taste, readily soluble in water; employed as an antispasmodic, hypnotic, and sedative in doses of gr-xijn'f (0.0004-0.0008). hyoscyamus (hi-os-si'-S-mus) [G. hyoskyamos, hen- bane.] (U.S.) Hyoscy'amifo'lia (Br.) hyoscyamus leaves ; the leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscya- mus niger, henbane, insane root, poison tobacco, stinking nightshade; anodyne, and antispasmodic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). hyothy'roid. Relating to the hyoid bone and thy- roid cartilage, noting a membrane stretching be- tween the two, membrana* hyothyreoidea hypacid'ity. Subacidity. hypacu'sia, hypacu'sis [G. hypo, under, + akousis, hearing.] Impaired hearing in consequence of lessened irritability of the acoustic nerve. hypalbumino'sis [G. hypo, under.] The presence of a deficient amount of albumin in the fluids of the body. hypalgesia (hi-pal-je'zl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + algos, pain.] Lessened sensibility to pain. hypalge'sic, hypalget'ic. Relating to hypalgesia, having diminished sensitiveness to pain. hypal'gia. Hypalgesia. hypam'nion, hypam'nios [G. hypo, under.] The presence of an abnormally small amount of amniotic fluid. hypanacinesia, hypanacinesis (hi-pan"3,-sin-e's![-ah, hi-pan"-a-sin-e'sis) [G. hypo, under, + anakinesis. a to-and-fro movement.] A diminution in the normal gastric or intestinal movements. hypanakine'sia. Hypanacinesia. hyparte'rial [G. hypo, beneath, + arteria, artery.] Below or beneath an artery, noting the bronchi which pass below the pulmonary arteries. hypasthe'nia [G. hypo, under, + astheneia, weak- ness.] Slight asthenia. hypax'ial [G. hypo, beneath, + axis.] Below, i.e anterior to the cerebrospinal axis. hypazoturia (hIp"az-o-tu'ri-ah). Hypoazoturia. hypenceph'alon [G. hypo, under, + enkephalos, brain.] The corpora quadrigemina, pons, and medulla taken together. hypendocrisia (hip-en-do-krizl-ah). Hypoendo- crinism. hypeosinophil, hypeosinophile (hip-e-o-sin'o-fil) [G. hypo, under.] i. Taking an eosin dye with diffi- culty, or readily parting with it. 2 Any histo- logical element which does not readily stain with eosin or which is easily decolorized, noting espe- cially certain leucocyte granules. hyper- [G. hyper, above, over.] A prefix noting excessive, above the normal. hyperacid (hi-per-as'id) . Superacid, excessively acid. hyperacidaminuria (hi"per-as"id-am"in-u'ri-ah) . Acidaminuria, the passage of an excess of amino- acids in the urine. hyperacid'ity [G. hyper, overmuch.] An abnormal degree of acidity, hyperchlorhydria, for example. hyperac'tion. Overaction. hyperactiv'ity. Superactivity, overactivity. hyperacu'sia, hyperacu'sis [G. hyper, above, -I- akousis, hearing.] Abnormal acuteness of hear- ing, auditory hyperesthesia, due to increased irritability of the acoustic nerve. hyperacute'. Superacute. hyperadeno'sis [G. hyper, above, + aden, gland, -t- -Oiii.] Glandular enlargement, especially en- largement of the lymphatic glands. hyperadipo'sis, hyperadipos'ity [G. hyper, over, -1- adiposis!\ An extreme degree of adiposis or fatness. hyperadrenalemia (hi"pur-ad-re-nal-e'mi-ah) [G. hyper, over, + adrenal secretion + G. haima, blood.] Hyperadrenia, a condition in which the adrenal secretion is present in undue proportion in the blood. hyperadrenia (hi"pur-ad-re'nit-ah) [G. hyper, over, + adrenal secretion.] The presence of symptoms due to the action of the adrenal secretion, either because of increased activity of the gland or as a result of a diminished amount of antagonistic secretion, as of the pancreas for example. hyperse'mia. Hyperemia. hypersemiza'tion, hyperemiza'tion. Production of hyperemia. hyperssthe'sia. Hyperesthesia. hyperalbumino'sis. The occurrence of an abnor- mally great amount of albumin in the fluids of the body. HYPERALGESIA 471 HYPERENDOCRISIA hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je'zl-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, ■(■ algos, pain.] Extreme sensitiveness to painful stimuli. hyperalge'sic, hyperalget'ic. Relating to hj^eral- gesia, having an extreme sensitiveness to pain. hyperal'gia. Hyperalgesia. hyperalimenta'tion. Superalimentation. hyperalimento'sis [G. hyper, over, + L. alimentum, food, + G. -Oiij.] Any disease due to gluttony or excessive eating. hyperalkales'cence. Superalkalinity. hyperanacinesia, hyperanacinesis (hi"per-an"3,-sin- e'si-ah, hi"per-an"S-sin-e'sis) [G. hyper, over, + anakinlsis, to-and-fro movement.] Excessive movement, of the stomach or intestine for example. hyperanakine'sia. Hyperainacinesia. hyperaph'ia [G. hyper, over, + haphe, touch.] Extreme sensitiveness to touch. hyperaph'ic. Marked by hyperaphia, or extreme tactile sensibility. hyperazotu'ria [G. hyper, over, + Fr. azote, nitrogen, + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of an exces- sive amount of urea. hyperbrachycephaly (hi"per-brak-I-sef'al-i) [G. hyper, over, + brachys, short, + kephale, head.] An extreme degree of brachycephaly, with a cephalic index of over 85. hyperbu'lia [G. hyper, over, + boule, will.] Exces- sive wilftdness. hypercap'nia [G. hyper, above, in excess, + kapnos, smoke, vapor.] The presence of carbon dioxide in excess in the blood, resulting in overstimula- tion of the respiratory center. hypercar'dia [G. hyper, over, -f- kardia, heart.] Hypertrophy of the heart. hypercathar'sis [G. hyper, above, -f- katharsis, a cleansing,] Excessive movements of the bowels. hypercathar'tic. i. Causing excessive purgation. 2. An agent having an excessive purgative action. hy"percemento'sis [G. hyper, over, + L. cemenium, cement, + G. -osis.l Overgrowth of the cemen- tum of the teeth. hyperchlorhydria (hi"per-klor-hid'ri-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, -I- chlorhydric{a.ci&).'\ The presence .of an abnormal amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, hyperhydrochloria. hyperchlo'ride. Perchloride, superchloride. hypercholesterolemia (hi"pur-ko-les"ter-ol-e'mi- ah) [G. hyper, above, + cholesterol + G. haima, blood.] The presence of an excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood. hypercholia (hi-per-ko'U-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, + choU, bile.] Excessive secretion of bile. hyperchromasia (hi"per-krd-ma'sl-ah). Hjrperchro- matism. hyperchromat'ic. Abnormally high colored or overpigmented. h. cell, a cell resulting from asymmetrical mitosis which contains too many chromosomes. hyperchromatin (hi-per-kro'mS,-tin). The azuro- phil portion of the chromatin. hyperchromatism (hi"per-kro'm5-ti2m) [G. hyper, overmuch, -)- chroma, color.] s.. Excessive pig- mentation. 2. Hyperchromatosis. hyperchromato'sis. An increased staining capacity of any structure ; h. of a cell-nucleus is a character- istic feature in cell-degeneration. hyperchromemia (hi"per-kro-me'inl-ah) [G. hyper, above, + chroma, color, + haima, blood.] Anemia associated with a high color index. hyperchro'mia. Hyperchromatism. macrocy'tar h., hyperchromatic macrocythemia.* hyperchylia (hi-per-ki'll-ah) [G. hyper, excessive, + chylos, juice.] An excessive secretion of gastric juice. hypercinesia (hi-per-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, -I- kinesis, motion.] Excessive motility, super- motility. profess'ional h., occupation neurosis.* hypercrinism (hi-per-kri'nizm) [G. hyper, over, 4- krino, I separate, secrete.] A condition resulting from an excessive secretion of any of the glands, especially of the endocrine glands. hypercryaesthe'sia. Hypercryesthesia. hypercryalgesia (hi"per-kri-al-je'zl-ah) [G. hyper, over, -I- kryos, cold, + algesis, the sense of pain.] Hypercryesthesia. hypercryesthe'sia [G. hyper, over, + kryos, cold, + aisthesis, sensation.] Extreme sensibility to cold. hypercyanotlc (hi-pur-si-an-ot'ik) [G. hyper, above.] Marked by extreme cyanosis. hypercyesia, hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'sl-ah, hi-per-si- e'sis) [G. hyper, over, + kyesis, pregnancy.] The presence of two embryos of different ages, not twins, in the uterus; superfetation. hypercythe'mia, hypercyth^'mia [G. hyper, over- much, + kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] The presence of an excessive number cf red blood- corpuscles. hjrpercytochromia (hi"per-si"to-kro'm![-ah) [G. hyper, above, + kytos, cell, + chroma, color.] Hy- perchromatosis of a blood-cell. hypercyto'sis [G. hyper, above, + kytos, cell, + -djii.] Hyperleucocytosis. hyperdactyl'ia, hyperdac'tylism [G. hyper, overmuch, + daktylos, finger or toe.] The presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. hyperdiastole (hi-per-di-as'to-le). Extreme cardiac diastole. hyperdicrot'ic. Very pronouncedly dicrotic; super- dicrotic. hyperdic'rotism [G. hyper, over, -I- di-, two, + krotos, beat.] Extreme dicrotism. hyperdiemorrhysis (hi"per-di-em-or'i-sis) [G. hyper, above, + dia, through, -I- haima, blood, + rhysis, a flowing.] Capillary hyperemia. hjrperdisten'tion. Superdistention. hyperdiure'sis [G. hyper, overmuch.] Extreme diuresis, polyuria. hyperdynam'ia [G. hyper, overmuch, + dynamis, force.] Extreme violence or muscular restless- ness, h. u'teri, excessive uterine contractions in childbirth. hyperdynam'ic. Marked by hyperdynamia. hyperem'esis [G. hyper, above, -t- emesis, vomiting.] Excessive vomiting, h. gravida'rum, the un- controllable vomiting of pregnancy, h. lacten'- tium, the vomiting of nurslings with pyloric stenosis. hyperemet'ic. Marked by excessive vomiting. hypere'mia, hyperae'mia [G. hyper, over, -I- haima, blood.] The presence of an increased amount of blood in a part; congestion, ac'tive h., h. due to an increased afflux of arterial blood in the dilated capillaries, arte'rial h., active h. Bier's h., see Bier's* method, flux'ionary h., active h. pas'sive h., h. due to an obstruction in the flow of blood from the affected part, the venous radi- cles being distended, ve'nous h., passive h. hyperenceph'alus [G. hyper, above, -t- enkephalos brain.] A monster with the vatilt of the cranium deficient, the brain being exposed. hyperendocrinism (hi"per-en-dok'rI-nizm) [G. hyper, over, + endon, within, -I- krino, I separate.] Ab- normal increase in any of the internal secretions. hyperendocrisia (hi"per-en-d6-kriz'I-ah). Hyper- endocrinism. HYPEREOSINOPHILIA 472 HYPERMICROSOMA hypereosinophilia. Excessive eosinophilia. hyperephidrosia, hyperephidrosis (hi"per-ef-i-dro'- si-ah, hi"per-ef-i-dro'sis) [G. hyper, over, + ephidro- sis perspiration.] Excessive sweating. hyperepinephria (hi"per-ep"i-nef'ri-ah) [G. hyper, over, + epinepkros, adrenal body.] The clin- ical signs of excessive secretion of the adrenal bodies, essentially increased arterial tension. hyperequilib'rium [G. hyper, overmuch.] A ten- dency to vertigo on slight rotary movement. hyperergasia (hi-per-er-ga'sJ-ah) [G. hyper, over, + ergasia, work.] Increased or excessive functional activity. hypererythrocythemia, hyper erythrocythaemia hi"per-er"i-thro-si-the'm!-ah) [G. hyper, over, + erythros, red, + kyios, cell, + haima, blood.] An excess in the number of red blood-corpuscles, hypercythemia. hyperesophoria (hi"per-es"-o-fo'ri-ah) [G. hyper, above, + eso, inward, + phora, movement.] A tendency of one eye to deviate upward and inward in consequence of muscular insufficiency. hyperesthesia, hyperaesthesla (hi"per-es-the'zl-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, + aisthesis, sensationj Ex- cessive sansibility to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli, au'ditory h., h. acustica. cer'ebral h., h. due to some central lesion in the brain, gus'- tatory h., hypergeusia. h. acus'tica, extreme and painful sensitiveness to certain sounds, acoustic h., hyperacusia. h. olfacto'ria, olfactory h., hy- perosmia. h. op'tica, extreme sensitiveness of the eyes to light, mus'cular h., sensitiveness of the muscles to pressure, hypermyesthesia. tac'tile h., hyperaphia, hyperpselaphesia. hyperesthet'ic. Marked by hyperesthesia. hyperexopho'ria [G. hyper, above, + exo, outward, + phora, movement.l A tendency of one eye to deviate upward and outward, due to muscular insufficiency. hyperexten'sion. Superextension. hypergasia (hi-per-ga'sl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + ergasia, work.] Diminished functional activity, hypoergasia. hjrpergen'esis [G. hyper, over, H- genesis, production.] Overproduction ; hyperplasia. hypergenet'ic. Relating to hypergenesis. hypergeusia (hi-per-ju'sl-ah) [G. hyper, over -I- geusis, taste.] Gustatory hyperesthesia, exces- sive acuteness of the sense of taste. hypergigantosoma (hi"per-ji-gan"to-so'mah). [G. hyper, over, + gigas, giant, + soma, body.] Ex- cessive bodily development, gigantism. hyperglobu'lia, hyperglob'ulism [G. hyper, over, + L. globulus, globule.] Hj^ercythemia, poly- cythemia. hy"perglyce'mia, hyperglycse'mia [G. hyper, over, + glykys, sweet, + haima, blood.] Hyperglycosemia, hyperglykemia, an excess of sugar in the blood. hyperglycogenolysis (hi-per-gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis). An excessive glycogenolysis. hyperglycorrhachia (hi"pur-gli-kor-rak1(-ah) [G. hyper, above, -I- glykys, sweet, + rhachis, spine.] An excessive amount of sugar in the cerebro- spinal fluid. hyperglycose'mia, hyperglycosse'mia. Hyperglyce- mia, hyperglykemia. byperglycosuria (hi"pur-gli-ko-su'ri-ah) [G. hyper, above, -t- glycosuria.] Glycosuria of extreme degree. hyperglyke'mia, hyperglykas'mia. Hyperglycose- mia, hypergonadism (hi"per-go'nad-izm) [G. hyper, over.] Abnormally great internal secretion of the gonads, or sexual glands — testes or ovaries. hyperhedo'nia [G. hyper, over, + hedone, pleasure.] Hyperhedonism. hyperhedonism (hi"per-hed'on-izm) [G. hyper, over, -f- hedone, pleasure.] i . The feeling of an abnor- mally great pleasure in any act or from any hap- pening. 2. Sexual erethism. hy"perhem"oglobine'inia, hy"perhsBm"oglobin£B'mia. An excessive degre3 of hemoglobinemia. hjrperhidrosis, hyperidrosis (hi"per-hi-dro'sis, hi"per- i-dro'sis) [G. hyper, over, + hidros, sweat.] Ex- cessive sweating, h. oleo'sa, seborrhea. hyperhydrochlo'ria. Hyperchlorhydria. hyperhypercytosis (hi"per-hi"per-si-to'sis). Hyper- leucocytosis with a relative increase of neutrophils. hyperh)rpocytosis (hi"per-hi"po-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, above, -I- hypo, under, -I- kytos, cell, -I — osis-l Leucopenia with a relative increase of neutro- phils. hyper'icum. Rosin rose, St. John's wort, touch and heal, the herb Hypericum perforatum, employed locally as a vulnerary and astringent, and internally as an emmenagogue, diuretic, and stimulant expectorant in doses of 5i~i (2.0-4.0). hyperinges'tion. Overeating or overdrinking. hyperinosemia, hyperinosaemia (hi"per-i"no-se'mI-ah) [G. hyper, over + is(in-), fiber, -I- haima, blood.] An excessive coagulability of the blood; an excess of fibrinogen in the blood. hyperino'sis. Hyperinosemia. hyperinvolu'tion. [G. hyper, over, + L. involvere, envelop.] Superinvolution, hyperisoton'ic [G. hyper, above, -I- isos, equal, + tonikos, tonic] Hypertonic. hyperkerato'sis. Hypertrophy of the homy layer of the epidermis, keratodermia, keratosis, h. lin'guse, black tongue.* h. subungua'lis, h. affecting the nail beds of the hands or feet. hyperkine'sia, hyperkine'sis). Hypercinesia. hyperlacta'tion [G. hyper, beyond, + L. lactare, to suckle.] Superlactation. hyperle'thal [G. hyper, over, + L. ktaUs, lethal.] Superlethal. hyperleucocyto'sis. Leucocytosis. hyperlipemia (hi"per-li-pe'mi-ah) [G. hyper, over, -|- lipos, fat, + haima, blood.] An excessive degree of lipemia, or presence of fat droplets in the blood. hyperUpo'sis [G. hyper, over, -f- lipos, fat.] i. Excessive adiposity. 2. An extreme degree of fatty degeneration. hyperlithuria (hi"per-U-thu'ri-ah) [G. hyper, over, + lithos, stone, + ouron, urine.] An excessive ex- cretion of uric (lithic) acid in the urine. hypermas'tia [G. hyper, above, excessive, + mas- tos, breast.] Polymastia, polymazia; the pres- ence of more than two breasts. hypennature'. Overmature, beyond maturity. hypermegaso'ma [G. hyper, over, -t- megas, great, -I- soma, body.] Excessive bodily development, gigantism. hy"pennet"amorpho'sis [G. hyper, over, + meta- morphosis, transformation.] Excessive change; specifically rapid change of ideas occurring in mental disorder. hypermetaplasia (Wper-met-ah-pla'sl-ah). An ex- cessive or exaggerated metaplasia, hypermetrope (hi-per-met'r6p). One suffering from hypermetropia, hyperope. hypermetro'pia [G. hyper, over, beyond, -I- metron, measure, + dps, eye.] Hyperopia. hypennl"croso'ma [G. hyper, over, + mikros, small, + soma, body.] Extreme smallness of body, dwarfism, nanism. HYPERMNESIA 473 HYPERPLASMIA hypennnesia (hi-perm-ne'zl-ah) [G. hyper, over, + mneme, memory.] Extreme power of memory. hjrpennotil'ity [G. hyper, over, + L ntoius, motion,] Supermotility, excessive motility. hypermy"esthe'sia, hypermy"iesthe'sia [G. hyper, over, + mys(fnyo-'), muscle, + aisthesis, feeling.] Mtisciilar hyperesthesia. hypermyotonia (hi-per-mi-o-oto'ni-ah) [G. hyper, over, + mys^myo-), muscle, + tonos, tension.] Extreme muscular tonus. hypermyotrophy (hi-per-mi-ot'ro-fl) [G. hyper, over. + mys{myo-), muscle, + trophe, nourishment,] Muscular hypertrophy. hypeme'a, hypemoi'a [G. hyper, over, + noed, I think.] Excessive mental activity or imagination. h3T)emeocytosis (hi"per-ne"o-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, above, + neos, new, + kytos, cell, + -osis,"] Hyperskeocytosis, hyperleucocytosis with the presence of many immature forms, i.e. with devia- tion* to the left. hypemeph'roid [G. hyper, above, + nephros, kidney, +eidos, appearance.] Resembling or of the type of the adrenal body. hypemephro'ma [G. hyper, above + nephros, kid- ney, + -oma.l A tumor composed of hyper- nephroid or adrenal tissue. hypemomic (hi-per-nom'ik) [G. hyper, above, + nomas, law.] Uncontrolled on the side of excess. hypemor'mal [G. hyper, above, + L. norma, rale, norm.] Supernormal. hypemoiBiocytosis (hi"per-nor*'mo-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, above, -I- L. norm.a, rule, + G. kytos, cell, + -dsis.'\ The presence of a relatively increased ntmiber of neutrophile white blood cells. hypemutrition (hi-per-nu-trish'un) [G. hyper, over, + L. nuirire, to nourish.] Supemutrition. hyperontomorph (hi-pur-on'to-morf) [G. hyper, over, + on, being, -f- morphe, form.] An indi- vidual of the thin epithelial type; with a tend- ency to hyperthyroidism. hyperonychia (hi-per-o-nikl-ah) [G. hyper, over, + onyx(pnych-'), nail.] Hypertrophy of the nails. hyperope (hi'per-5p). Our sufiering from hy- peropia, hypermetrope. hypero'pia [G. hyper, over, beyond, '+ ops, eye.] Hypermetropia, long-sightedness; a condition in which, in consequence of an error in refraction or flattening of the globe of the eye, parallel rays are focussed behind the retina, ab'solute h., manifest h. which cannot be overcome by an effort of accommodation, az'ial h., h. due to shortening of the anteroposterior diameter of the globe of the eye. fac'ultative h., manifest h. which can be overcome by an effort of accommo- dation, h. of cur'vature, h. due to diminution of convexity of the refracting media of the eye. la'tent h., the difference between total and mani- fest h. man'ifest h., the h. which can be measured by convex lenses without the use of a cycloplegic. to'tal h., that which can be deter- mined after complete paralysis of accommodation by means of a cycloplegic. hyperorez'ia [G. hyper, overmuch, + orexis, appe- tite.] Bulimia, an insatiable appetite. hyperorthocjrtosis (hi"per-or'tho-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, above, -^ orthos, correct, -)- kytos, cell, -1- -osis.] Hyperleucocytosis in which the relative percent- ages of the different forms are normal and no immature forms are present. hyperosmla (hi-per-oz'ml-ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, + osnte, sense of smell.] An exaggerated sense of smell, hiT^fosphresia. hyperosmotic. Relating to increased osmosis. hyperosphreBia, hyperosphresis (hi"per-os-fre'sI-ah, hi"per-os-fre'sis) [G. hyper, over, -t- osphresis, smell.] Hyperosmia. hyperosto'sis [G. hyper, over, + osteon, bone, -t- -osis.l I. Hypertrophy of bone. z. Exostosis. hyperova'ria [G. hyper, over, -I- L. ovarium, ovary.] A condition of sexual precocity in young girls, due to overdevelopment of the ovaries with the formation of ovarian secretion in excess. hyperoxida'tioiu Excessive oxidation, hyperpancreatism (hi"per-pan'kre-S,-tizm) [G. hy- per, above, + pancreatism. ] A condition of increased activity of the pancreas, trypsin being in excess among the ferments. hyperpar'asite. A secondary parasite inimical to the development or life of a previously existing parasite. yperpar'asitism. A condition in which a second- ary arasite destroys, or nullifies the pathogenic action of, a previously existing parasite. hyperparathyroidism (hi"per-par-ah-thi'roy-dizm) . A condition due to an increase in the secretion of the parathyroids. hyperpep'sia [G. hyper, over, + pepsis, digestion.] 1. Abnormally rapid digestion. 2. Impaired digestion with hyperohlorhydria. hyperpepsinia (hi-pur-pep-sin'I-ah) [G. hyper, over.] An excess of pepsin in the gastric juice. hyperpeiistal'sis. Hyperprochoresis. hyperphalangism (hi-pur-fal-an'jizm) [G. hyper, over, + phalanx.] Polyphalangism; the presence of a supemmnerary phalanx in a finger or toe. hyperpho'nia [G. hyper, over, + phone, sound, voice.] Stammering or stuttering resulting from exces- sive innervation of the vocal muscles. hyperpho'ria [G. h-per, above, + phora, motion.] A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to rise above that of its normal fellow. hyperphrenia (hi-pur-fre'ni-ah) [G. hyper, above, + -phrenia.l i. Excessive intellectual activity, 2. A high degree of intellect; genius. hyperpiesis (hi-pur-pi'e-sis) [G. hyper, over, + piesis pressure.] Overpressure, especially of the blood within the vessels; excessive arterial tension. hyperpietic (hi-per-pi-et'ik). Relating to or marked by extremely high blood pressure. hy"perpigmenta'tion [G. hyper, over, + h. pig- mentum, paint.] Superpigmentation. hyperpituitarism (hi-ptu--pit-u'J-tar-izm) [G. hyper, overmuch.] A condition due to overactivity of the hypophysis cerebri, at least of its anterior lobe, marked by acromegaly and hypertrichosis. hypeipitu'itaiism [G. hyper, overmuch.] A condi- tion due to overactivity of the hypophysis cerebri, at least of its anterior lobe, marked by acromegaly and hypertrichosis. hypeipla'sia [G. hyper, above, + plasis, a moulding.] An increase in number of the individual tissue elements, excluding tumor formation, whereby the bulk of the part or organ is increased. By some restricted to denote proliferative changes in a tissue not occurring to meet a demand for increased functional activity. See hypertrophy. po'lar h., an excess of development at one or other extremity of the embryo, resulting in the forma- tion of a dicephalus (cephalic extremity) or of a monster with three or more lower limbs (podalic extremity). /! hyperplasmia (hi-per-plaz'ml-£h) [G. hyper, abovS, + plasma.] i. An excessive production of white cells within certain organs without their ap- pearance In the blood, aleucemia. 2. An in- crease in the size of the red blood-cells through imbibition. HYPERPLASTIC 474 HYPERTROPHY hyperplas'tic. Relating to hyperplasia. hyperpnea, hyperpnoea (hi-purp-ne'ah) [G. hyper, overmuch, + pnoe, breathing.] A condition in which the respiration is deeper and more rapid than normal hyperporo'sis [G. hyper, over, + poros, callus, + -osis^ Excessive formation of callus after frac ture of a bone. hyperprax'ia [G. hyper, over, + praxis, action.] Excessive activity. h3rperprochoresis (hi"pur-pro-ko-re'sis) [G. hyper, over, 4- prochoreo, I go forward ] Excessive rapidity of the passage of food through the stomach and intestine; hyperperist-:lsis, peris- taltic unrest, tormina nervosa. hyperpselaphesia (hi"purp-sel-4-fe's!(-ah) [G. hyper, over, + pselaphesis, touching.] Hyperaphia, tactile hyperesthesia, excessive development of the sense of touch. hyperpyremia (hi"pur-pi-re'm'(-ah) [G. hyper, over, + pyreia, fuel, + haima, blood.] The presence in the blood of an excess of heat-producing and energy-producing material derived from the fats and carbohydrates of the food. hyperpyretic (hi-pur-pi-ret'ik) [G. hyper, over, + pyretos, fever.] Having a very high tempera- ture, suffering from excessive fever. hyperpyrex'ia [G. hyper, over, + pyrexis, feverish- ness.] Extremely high fever. hyperpyrez'ial. Relating to hyperpyrexia, hyper- pyretic. hyperreflezia (hi'pur-re-fieks'-S-ah) .[G. hyper, above, + reflex.'] A condition in which the various reflexes are exaggerated. hyperres'onance. An extreme degree of resonaflce. hypersecre'tion [G. hyper, overmuch, -I- L. secernere, to separate.] Supersecretion. hyperskeocytosis (hi"per-ske"o-si-to'sis) [G. hyper, above, -I- skaios, left, + kytos, cell, H — osis.'} Hypemeocytosis. hypersom'nia [G. hyper, over, -{- L. somnus, sleep.] A condition, probably toxic, in which one sleeps for an excessively long time, but is normal in the intervals ; it is distinguished from somnolence in which one is always inclined to sleep hypersphyxia (hi-pur-sfik'sl-ah) [G. hyper, over, + sphyxis, pulse.] A condition of high blood pres- sure and increased circulatory activity. hypeisplenism (hi'pur-sple'nizm) [G. hyper, over, ■\- splen, spleen.] A condition in which the hemolytic action of the spleen is greatly in- creased. hypersthe'nia [G. hyper, overmuch, + sihenos, strength.] Exc««sive tension or strength. hypersthenuria (hi"pur-sthen-u'ri-ah) [G. hyper, over, + sthenos, strength, -\- ouron, urine.] A dilute condition of the urine, with consequently ■an elevation of the freezing point hypersusceptibiUty (hi"pur-sus-sep"ti-bil'l-ti) {G. hyper, over, -f L. suscipere, to take, + habilis, apt, fit.] I. Extreme vulnerability to infection, a. Anaphylaxis. hyper'systole (hi-pur-sis'to-le) [G. hyper, overmuch.] Abnormal force or duration of the cardiac systole. hypersystolic (hi^pur-sis-tol'ik). I. Relating to or marked by hypersystole. 2. One whose heart contracts with undue force. ■ hypertarachia (hi"pm-ta-rak'I-ah) [G. hyper, over, -t- tarache, disorder, confusion.] Exaggerated irrita- bility of the nervous system, regarded as the underlying cause of tetanus. hyperten'slon [G. hyper, over, ■+ L. tendere, to stretch.] Supertension. hyperten'sive. Marked by an increased blood- pressure. According to the classification of Huchar'd, the h. diseases are the noninfectious diseases, in which the blood-pressure is in- creased. hyi-erthelesia (hi-pur-thel-e'zi-ah) [G. hyper, above, H- thelSsis, will.] Excessive wilfulness; hysteria. hyperthe'lia [G. hyper, above, excessive, + thelS, nipple.] The presence of supernumerary nipples the number of breasts being two only. hyperthermalgesia (hi-pur-thur"mal-je'zi-ah) [hyper, over, -j- therme, heat, -\- algos, pain.] Ex- treme sensitiveness to heat, a slight degree caus- ing pain. hyperther'mia [G. hyper, over, -I- thermei heat.] Hyperpyrexia ; unusually high fever. hyperthennoesthesia, hyperthermoaesthesia (hi-pur- thur'mo-es-the'-z!t-ah) [G. hyper, over, -i- therms, heat, 4- aisthesis, feeling.] _ Extreme sensitiveness to heat. hyperthymia (hi-pur-thi'mi-ah) [G. hyper, above, -{- -thymia.] Excessive emotivity. hyperthymization (hi-pur-thi-mi-za'shun). Hyper- thymism. hyperthymism (hi-pur-thi'mizm). Charged with an excess of secretion of the thymus gland, noting a supposed condition of the blood in status lymphaticus. hyperthyrea, hyperthyreoidea (hi-pur-thi're-ah, hi- per-thi-re-o-id'e-ah) [G. hyper, over, thyreoeides, thyroid.] A condition in which there is excessive secretion of the thyroid gland, as in exophthalmic goiter. hyperthyreo'sis, hyperthyroida'tion. Hyperthyrea. hyperthy'roidism. Symptoms produced by exces- sive activity of the thjToid gland or by an over- dose of thyroid extract. hyperto'nla [G. hyper, over, + tonos, tension.] Extreme tension of the muscles or arteries, h. polycythse'inica, a form of polycythemia without marked splenomegaly, but with increased blood- pressure. hyperton'ic [G. hyper, over, -J- tonos, tension.] Having a greater degree of tension, noting that one of two solutions which possess the greater osmotic pressure, h. salt solu'tion, h. sea- water, a solution of sodium chloride or sea- water of such strength as to have a greater osmotic pressure than the blood. hypertonicity (hi-pur-to-nis'i-tl). Hypertonia. hypertox'ic [G. hyper, overmuch.] Very poisonous. hypertoxicity (hi"per-toks-is'I-tJ). The quality of being extremely poisonous. hypertrichiasis (hi-pur-trl-ki'S-sis) [G. hyper over, hypertrophia (hi-pur-tro£'i-ah) . Hypertrophy. hypertrichosia (hi-pvir-tri-ko'sis) [G. hyper, over- much, -I- trichosis, being hairy.] A growth of hair in excess of that normal for the situation, as on the face in women or the back in men or women. hypertro'phia (hi-pur-trof 1-ah) . Hypertrophy. hypertroph'ic. Relating to or characterized by hypertrophy, hyper'trophy [G. hyper, above, -I- irophe, nourish- ment.] Overgrowth; general increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor forma- tion. By some restricted to denote greater bulk through increase in size, but not in number, of the individual tissue elements ; by others employed to denote an increase in size , in order to meet a demand fgr increased functional activity. £ee hyperplasia, adap'tiye h., thickening of the walls of a hollow organ, like the urinary bladder. HYPERTROPHY 47.5 HYPNOTISM when there is obstruction to outflow, compen'- satory h., increase in size of an organ or part of an organ or tissue, when called upon to do the work of a disabled or destroyed synergist, compen'sa- tory h. of the heart, thickening of the walls of the heart in cases of valvular disease, either obstruc- tion or insufficiency, complemen'taiy h., increase in size or expansion of part of an organ or tis- sue to fill the space left by the destruction of another portion of the same organ or tissue. concen'tric h., thickening of the walls of the heart or any cavity with apparent diminution of the capacity of the cavity, excen'tric h., thickening of the wall of the heart or other cavity, with dilatation, false h., pseudohypertrophy, increase in bulk of a part, as of a muscle, due to over- I growth of the fibrous stroma and not of the tissue proper, func'tional h., physiological h. numer'- 1 ical h., h. of a tissue with increase in the number, as well as in the size, of its elements, hyperplasia. physiolog'ical h., temporary increase in size of an organ or part to provide for a natural increase of function such as occurs in the walls of the uterus and in the mamma during pregnancy. pseudomus'cular h., pseudohypertrophic par- alysis.* quan'titative h., hyperplasia, simple h., num.erical h. sim'ulated h., increased size of a part due to continued growth unrestrained by attrition, as is seen in the case of the teeth of certain animals when the opposing teeth have been destroyed, true h., an increase in size involving all the different tissues composing the part, vica'rlous h., h. of an organ in case of failure of another organ of different order though apparently allied function; enlargement of the pituitary gland, after destruction of the thyroid, is an example. hypertro'pia [G. hy-per, above, + tro-pe, turn.] Ver- tical. squint, with upward deviation of the visual axis of an eye. hypervaccina'tion. Repeated inoculation of a person or animal already immtmized ; done in the case of an animal in order to obtain a potent antitoxin. hypervas'cular [G. hyper, above, -1- L. vasculum, vessel.] Abnormally vascular, containing an excessive number of blood-vessels. hypesthesia, hypsesthesia (hi-pes-the'zJ-ah) [G. hypo, under, 4- aisthSsis, feeling.] Diminished sen- sibility. hy'pha [G. hyphe, a web.] One of the filaments composing the substance of a fungus. hyphedo'nia [G. hypo, under, + hedone, pleasure.] An habitually slight degree of pleasure caused by occurrences that should normally give great pleasure. hyphe'mia, hyphse'mia [G. hypo, below -J- haima, blood.] I. Hemorrhage into the anterior cham- ber of the eye. 2. Anemia, oligemia, intertrop'- ical or trop'ical h., uncinariasis. hyphidrosis (hip-hi-dro'sis) [G. hypo, under, + hidrosis, sweating.] Diminished perspiration. Hyphomycetes (hi-fo-mi-se'tez) [G. hyphe, web, + mykes, fungus.] Filamentous fungi composed of branched or unbranched threads, moulds. hyphomyce'tic. Relating to, or caused by. the presence of filamentous fungi, or Hyphomycetes. hypino'sis [G. hypo, under, + ■isQirir-), fiber.] Di- minished coagulability of the' blood, its fibrin content being reduced below the physiological mean of 2 . 2 per cent. hypmot'ic. Marked by hypinosis. hypnacetin (hip-nas'et-in). Hypnoacetin. hypnagogic (hip-nS-goj'ik) [G. hypnos, sleep, + agogos, leading.] i. Noting a transitional state, related to the hypnoidal, preceding the oncome of sleep ; noting also various delusions which may manifest themselves at that time. 2. Inducing sleep, hypnotic. hyp'nal. Monochlorantipyrine, chloral-anti-yrine, a compound of chloral and antipyrine; sedative and hypnotic in doses of gr. 10—15 (0.6—1.0). hypnal'gia [G. hypnos, sleep, + algos, pain.] Dream- pain, pain occurring during sleep. hypnapagogic (hip-nap-S-goj'ik) [G. hypnos, sleep, -I- apo, from, + agogos, leading.] i. Noting a state similar to the hypnagogic, through which the mind passes in coming out of sleep; noting also certain delusions experienced at such y time 2. Causing wakefulness, preventing sleep. hypnesthe'sia, hypnaesthe'sia [G. hypnos, sleep, -f- aisthesis, sensation.] Drowsiness. hyp'nic [G. hypnikos, relating to sleep.] i. Relat- ing to sleep. 2. Causing sleep, somnifacient, somniferous. hypnoacetin (hip-no-as'et-in.) Acetophenon- acetylpara-amidophenol ester; h3^notic in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.25). hyp'nocyst [G. hypnos, sleep, + kystis, bladder (cyst).] A quiescent or "sleeping" cyst; an encysted protozoon the reproductive activity of which is in abeyance. hyp'nody [G. hypnodes, of a sleepy nature.] A state observed in insects and their larvae resembling the hibernation of certain vertebrates. hypnogen'esis [G- hypnos, sleep, + genesis, produc- tion.] The induction of sleep or of the hypnotic state. hypnogen'ic. Relating to hypogenesis. hypnogenous (hip-noj'en-us) [G. hypnos, sleep, -f- gennao, I produce.] Causing sleep or the hyp- notic state. hypnoidal (hip-noy'dal) [G. hypnos, sleep, 4- eidos, resemblance.] Resembling sleep, noting a men- tal condition intermediate between sleeping and wakinj, the subwaking state. hypnoidiza'tion. Induction of the hypnoidal state. hyp'nolepsy [G. hypnos, sleep, + lepsis, a seizing.] Uncontrollable sleepiness; narcolepsy. hypnol'ogist. i A student of hypnology. j:. Hypnotist hypnol'ogy [G. hypnos, sleep, -t- -logia.'\ The branch of scientific inquiry regarding sleep and its phenomena. hyp'none. Acetphenone hypnopom'pic [G. hypnos sleep, -I- pofnpS, proces- sion.] Noting the persistence of dreams during the hypnagogic state. hypnopyiine (hip-no-pi'ren). A synthetic anti- pyretic, analgesic, and hypnotic, obtained by the action of chlorine on quinine: dose, gr. 2—4 (0.13-0,25). hypno'sia [G. hypnos, sleep.] Sleeping-sickness. hypno'sis [G. hypnos, sleep.] i. Somnus, the state of normal sleep. 2. Hypnotism. hypnother'apy [G. hypnos, sleep, -I- iherapeia, treat- ment.] I. The treatment of disease by inducing prolonged sleep. 2. Treatment by means of hypnotism. hypnot'ic [G. hypnotikos, causing one to sleep.] I. Causing sleep. 2. A remedy having this property. 3. Relating to hypnotism. 4. One who is under the influence of hypnotism, or who is readily hypnotized, h. state, hypnotism. hypnotism (hip'no-tizm) [G. hypnos, sleep.] Braid- ism, mesmerism, trance; an induced condition resembling somnambulism, in which the subject is HYPNOTISM 476 HYPOCYTOSIS seemingly asleep yet strongly under the influence o£ suggestion; the subject's attention is intensely concentrated upon the suggested idea, but he is oblivious to all else, lethar'gic h., trance-coma, the deep sleep foUoyying major h. ma'jor h., a state of extreme suggestibility in h. in which the subject is insensible to all outside impres- sions except the commands or suggestions of the operator, mi'nor h., an induced state resembling normal sleep in which, however, the subject is obedient to suggestion though not to the extent of catalepsy or somnambulism. hyp'notist. One who practices hypnotism. hypnotiza'tion. The induction of the hypnotic state. hyp'notize. To bring one into the hypnotic state. hy'po, I. A hypochondriac. 2. An abbreviation of sodi\un hyposulphite, used as a fixative in photography. hypo- [G. hypo, under.] A prefix, equivalent to sub-, denoting (i) a, location beneath something else; (2) a diminution or deficiency; (3) the lowest, or weakest in oxygen, of a series of chemical compounds. hypoacidity (hi-po-as-id'I-ti) [G. hypo, imder, -I- L. acidus, acid.] Subacidity. hypoactiv'ity. Lessened activity. hypoadrenalinemia ( hi-po-ad-ren"al-in-e'mi-ah ) [G. hypo, below, -|- adrenal secretion + G. haima, blood.] Hypoadrenia, a condition in which the adrenal secretion is present in unduly small proportion in the blood. hypoadre'nia [G. hypo, under, -|- adrenal secretion.] Adrenal insufiiciency, especially a form occur- ring late in the course of a febrile disease as a result of exhausting secretory activity. hypoalimentation (hi"po-al-i-men-ta'shun) [G. hypo, under, + alimentation.] Subalimentation, a condition of insufficient nourishment. hypoazoturia (hi-po-az-o-tu'ri-ah) [G. hypo, under, + Pr. azote, nitrogen, + G. ouron, urine.] A deficient excretion of lurea in the urine. hypobaropathy (hi"po-bar-op'S,-thi) [G. hypo, un- der, + baros, weight, + pathos, sufEering.] Aviators' sickness, mountain sickness; the syn- drome caused by greatly diminished air-pressure. hy'poblast [G. hypo, under, -I- blastos, germ.] The inner layer of cells in the embryo, forming the endoderm; from it is derived the epithelium of the respiratory and alimentary systems. hypoblas'tic. Relating to or derived from the hypoblast. hypobro'mite. A salt of hypobromous acid. hypobro'mous acid. An acid, HBrO, the aqueous solution of which possesses oxidizing and bleach- ing properties. hypobu'lia [G. hypo, under, + boulS, will.] Defi- cient will-power. hypocapnia (hi-po-kap'ni-ah) [G. hypo, under, + kapnos, smoke.] A slight degree of acapnia. hypoce'lom. Hypocoelom. hypochlorhydria (hi"po-klor-hid'r!(-ah) [G. hypo, below, + chlorhydric (acid).] The presence of an abnormally small amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, below o. 14 per cent. hypochlo'rite. A salt of hypochlorous acid hypochloriza'tlon [G. hypo, under.] Treatment of Bright's disease and other disorders by a reduction in the amount of sodium, chloride ingested. hypochlo'rous acid. An acid, HCIO, having oxidiz- ing and bleaching properties. hypochloru'rla [G. hypo, under, + E. chloride, + G. ouron, urine.] A deficient excretion of chlorides in the urine. hypochondria (hi-po-kon'dri-ah). Hypochondriasis. hypochondriac (hi-po-kon'drl-ak). i. Hypochon- driacal. 2. A victim of hypochondriasis. hypochondriacal (hi-po-kon-dri'S-kal). Relating to, of suffering from, hypochondriasis. hypochondriasis (hi-po-kon-dri'a-sis) [G. hypo- chondrion, hypochondrium, because the imagi- nary disease is often referred to the liver.] A morbid concern about the health and exaggerated attention to any unusual bodily or mental sensations; an unfounded belief that one is suffering from some disease. hypochondrium (hi-po-kon'dri-um) [G. hypo, under, -I- c'-.ondros, cartilage.] The upper lateral region of the abdomen, beneath the floating ribs on either side. See cut under abdominal. hypochor'dal [G. hypo, beneath, + chords, cord.] On the ventral side of the spinal cord. hypochromatic (hi-po-kro-mat'ik) [G. hypo, under, + chroma, color.] Containing a small amount of pigment, or less than the normal amount for the individual tissue. Specifically noting mitoses which contain a smaller munber of chromosomes than normal, h. cell, a cell resulting from asym- metrical mitosis, the nucleus of which contains too few chromosomes. hypochromatism (hi-po-kro'mS-tizm). The con- dition of being hypochromatic, hypochromia. hypochromatosis (hi-po-kro-mS-to'sis). Nuclear solution, chromatolysis; the disappearance of chromatin, or of the nucleus, in a cell. hypochromemia (hi-po-kro-me'ml-ah) [G. hypo, under, + chroma, color, + haima, blood.] Ane- mia with a color index below unity. hjrpochromia (hi-po-kro'ml-ah) [G. hypo, imder, + chroma, color.] Hypochromatism. hypochrosis (hi-po-kro'sis) [G. hypo, under, -I- chrosis, a tinting.] Paleness of the blood due to low hemoglobin percentage. hypochylia (hi-po-ki'H-ah) [G. hypo, under, + chylos, juice.] Deficiency of the gastric juice. hypocine'sia [G. hypo, under, + kinesis, movement.] Diminished power of movement, paresis. hy'pocist, hypocis'tis. The inspissated juice of Cytinus hypocistis, a plant of Southern Europe; employed as an astringent in dysentery and diarrhea, and also as a styptic. hypocoe'lom [G. hypo, under, + koilos, hollow.] The ventral portion of the coelom, or body cavity, of the embryo. hypocone (hi'po-kon) [G. hypo, beneath, + konos, cone.] The distolingual cusp of an upper molar tooth. hypoconid (hi"po-kon'id). The distobuccal cusp of a lower molar tooth. hypoconule (hi'po-kon'ul) [G. hypo, below, + L. dim. of conus, cone. ] The distal, fifth, cusp of an upper molar tooth. hypoconulid (hi'po-kon'u-lid) [G. hypo, below, + L. dim. of conus, cone.] The distal, fifth, cusp of a lower molar tooth. hypocotyl (hi'po-kot-il). In botany, the portion of the stem of an embryo below the cotyledons. hypocotyled'onaiy, hypocotyled'onous. In botany, below the cotyledons in an embryo. hypocrinism (hi-po-kri'nizm) [G. hypo, under, + krind, I separate, secrete.] A condition resulting from a deficient secretion of any of the glands, especially of the endocrine glands. hypocystot'omy [G. hypo, under, + kystis, bladder, + tome, incision.] Perineal cystotomy. hypocyto'sis [G. hypo, under, -I- kylos, cell.] Cyto- penia, oligocythemia, povertv of the blood in cellular elements. HYPODERM 477 HYPONANOSOMA hypoderm (hi'po-durm) [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin.] The subcutaneous connective tissue. Hypoder'nui bo'vis [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin; L. hou.sQ>ovis), ex.] Ox-bot, heel-fly, a fly which oviposits in the hair above the hoof in cattle. hy"podermat'ic [G. hypo, under, + derma(dermat-), skin.] Hypodermic. hypodermatoclysis (hi-podur-m^tok'Ii-sis) . Hypodermoclysis. hypodermat'omy [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin, + tome, incision.] Subcutaneous division of a tendon or other structure. hypodermic (hi-po-dtu^mik) [G. hypo, under, + denwa^ skin.] i. Subcutaneous, beneath the skin. 2. (o) Hypodermic injection; (6) hypodermic sj^ringe. h. infu'sion, hypodermoclysis. h. in- jec'tion, the administration of a remedy in liquid form by injection into the subcutaneous connec- tive tissues, h. syr'inge, a small syringe, armed with a hollow needle in place of a nozzle, for use in giving remedies by the subcutaneous method. hypodennoclysis (hi"po-dur-mok'li-sis) [G. hypo, under, + derma, skin, -I- klysis, a washing out.] The subcutaneous injection of a large quantity of saline solution. hypoendocrinism (hi"po-en-dok'ri-nizm) [G. hypo, under, -t- endon, within, -t- krino, I separate.] In- sufficiency of internal secretion in one or more glands. hypoendocrisia (hi"po-en-do-kriz1-ah). Hypoendo- crinism. hypoeosinophilia (hi-po-e''o-sin-o-fil'l-ali). A di- minished number of eosinophile leucocytes in the blood. hypoepinephria (hi-po-ep-i-nef'ri-ah) [G. hypo, under, + epinephros, adrenal body.] Adrenal inadequacy, a deficient function of the adrenal bodies, and the clinical symptoms caused thereby. hypoequilib'iium (hi-po-elcwl-lib-rl-um) [G. hypo, below, + tequus, equal, + libra, scales.] Absence of a tendency to vertigo after long continued rotary movements. hypoesophoria (hi-po-es-o-fo'ri-ah). Combined downward and inward deviation of the eyeball. hypoezophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo'ri-ah). Combined outward and downward deviation of the eyeball. hypogas'tric. Relating to the hypogastrium. h. artery, see under arteria. hypogas'trium [G. hypo, under, H- gaster, belly.] The lower middle region of the abdomen; see cut under abdominal. hypogen'esis [G. hypo, under, H- genesis, produc- tion.] Cessation of development, ateliosis. po'- lar h., cessation of development at one or the other extremity of the embryo, resulting in cyclopia (at the cephalic extremity) or sireno- melia (podalic extremity). hypogenitalism (hi-po-jen'i-tal-izm) [G. hypo, under.] The complex of symptoms due to par- tial loss of the internal secretion of the ovaries or testicles; the eunuchoid state. hypogenous (hi-poj'en-us) [G. hypo, tmder, + -genes.'] In botany: i. Noting a flower the other parts of which are inserted on the torus below the gynecium. 2. Noting fungi growing on the tmder surface of a leaf. hypogeusia (hi-po-ju'sl-ah) [G. hypo, imder, H- geusis, taste.] A blunting of the sense of taste. liypoglobu'lia[G. ^y^o, under, + h. globulus, glohvle.] Hypocytosis. '^ypoglos'sal [G. hypo, beneath, + glossa, tongue.] Sublingual, beneath the tongue, h. nerve, the twelfth (formerly the ninth) cranial nerve; see under nervus. hypoglos'sis. Hypoglottis. hypoglos'sus. See under nervus, hypoglott'is [G. hypo, under, -I- glossa, tongue.] i. The under surface of the tongue, a. Ranula. hypoglycogenolysis (hi-po-gli-ko-jen-ol'i-sis.) Defi- cient glycogenolysis. hypog'nathous [G. hypo, tmder, + gnaihos, jaw.] Having a projecting lower jaw, or mandible. hypog'nathus. A twin monster in which a rudimen- tary parasite is attached to the mandible of the autosite. hypogonadism (hi"po-go'nad-izm) [G. hypo, un- der.] Deficient internal secretion of the gonads, or sexual glands — ^testes or ovaries. hypohe'mia, hypohse'mia [G. hypo, under, + haima, blood.] Anemia. hypohidrosis (hi"po-hi-dro'sis) [G. hypo,- tmder, + hidrosis, sweating.] Diminished perspiration. hypohydrochlo'ria. Hypochlorhydria. hypohylo'ma. A tumor due to hyperplasia of tissue derived from the embryonic pulp of hypo- blastio origin. hypohypnot'ic [G. hypo, under, + hypnos, sleep.] Noting a condition of incomplete or light slumber. hypoidrosis (hi"po-i-dro'sis). Hypohidrosis. hypoisoton'ic [G. hypo, imder, -I- isos, equal, -I- tonos, tension.] Hypotonic. hypokine'sia. Hypocinesia hypolepldo'ma [G. hypo, beneath, + lepis(lepid-), rind, + -oma.l A ttmior due to hyperplasia of »ne of the tissues derived from the hypoblast. atyp'ical h., carcinoma, papilloma, or adenoma of the digestive or respiratory tract. hypoleucemia, hypoleucsmia (hi"po-lu-se'inI-ah) [G. hypo,vcaA.ei, + leukos, white, + haima, blood.] I. Hypoleukemia, hypoleucocytosts.* 2. A con- dition between leucemia and aleucemia in which the outpour of abnormal cells into the circulation is less than their production. hypoleucocytosis (hi-po-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, ijnder, H- leukos, white, + kytos, cell, -|- -6j«i.] Leucopenia, hypoleucemia, hypoletike- mia; a decrease in the number of leucocytes in the circulating blood. hypoleuke'mia, hypoleuk^e'mia. Hypoleucemia, hy- poleucocytosis.* hypolipo'sis [G. hypo, tmder, H- lipos, fat.] The presence of an abnormally small amount of fat in the tissues. hypolymphemia [G. hypo, under, -|- lymph {cells) -f- G. haima, blood.] Sublymphemia, hypoma'nia. A mild degree of mania. hypomas'tia [G. hypo, under, -I- masios, breast ] Atrophy or congenital smallness of the breasts. hypoma'zia [G. hypo, under, + masos, breast.] Hypomastia. hypomelancholia (hi"po-mel-an-kolI-ah). A mild degree of mental depression. hypomicron, hypomicrone (hi-po-mi'kron or kron) [G. hypo, under, + m^icrone.] Submicrone, a colloid particle recognizable in the ultra-micro- scope, but not under the ordinary microscope; distinguished from microne and amicrone. hypomne'sia [G. hypo, under, + mneme, memory.] Impaired memory. hypomotil'ity [G. hypo, tmder, + L. moius, move- ment.] Hypocinesia. hypomyotonia (hi-po-mi-o-to'nl-ah) [G. hypo, under, -t- mys^myo-), muscle, + tonos, tension.] A condition of diminished muscular tonus. hyponanosoma (hi-po-nan-o-so'mah) [G. hypo, un- der + nanos, dwarf, + soma, body.] Extreme dwarfishness. HYPONASTY 478 HYPOREFLEXIA hy'ponasty [G. hypo, under, + nastos, pressed close.] In botany, noting a condition of more vigorous growth on the under than on the upper surface, causing an upward curvature. hyponeocytosis (hi"po-ne"o-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, under, + neos, new, + kytos, cell, + -osisJ] Hypo- skeocytosis, leucopenia with the presence of immature cells, i.e. with deviation* to the left. hyponychial (hy-po-nik'K-al) [G. hypo, beneath, + o'nyx{onych-), nail.] Beneath ' the (finger or toe) nail; subungual; relating to the hypony- chium. hyponychium [G. hypo, under, + onyxipnych-), nail.] Matrix unguis, nail-bed. hypon'ychon [G. hypo, beneath, + onyxipnych-), nail.] A subungual ecchymosis. hjrpoorthocytosis (hi"po-or"tho-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, under, + orihos, correct, + kytos, cell, + -osis.] Leucopenia, the relative percentages of the differ- ent forms remaining normal and no immature forms being present. hypopancreatism (hi"po-pan'kre-^-ti2;m) [G. hypo, under, + pancreaiism.\ A condition of dimin- ished activity of the pancreas. hypoparathyreosis (hi"po-par"a-thi-re-o'sis). A morbid state resulting from removal or impaired function of the parathyroid glands. hypoparathyroidism (hi"po-par-ah-thi'roy-dizm) . A condition due to diminution or absence of the secretion of the parathyroids, hypoparathyreosis. hypopep'sia [G. hypo, under, + pepsis, digestion. ] Impaired digestion, especially that due to a deficiency of pepsin. hypopepsinia (hi-po-pep-sin'l-ah) [G. hypo, under.] A deficiency of pepsin in the gastric juice. hypophalangiszn (hi-po-fal-an'jizm) [G. hypo, under, + phalanx.] Congenital absence of one or more of the phalanges of a finger or toe. hypopharyngos'copy [hypo, under, + pharynx + skoped, I examine.] Inspection of the hypo- pharynx. hypophar'ynx (G. hypo, below, -I- pharynx."] That part of the pharynx which lies below the aperture of the larjTix. hypopho'nia [G. hypo, under, + phone, voice.] A speech defect due to incoordination "of the mus- cles concerned in vocalization. hypopho'ria [G. hypo, below, -H phora, motion.] A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to sink below that of its normal fellow. hypophos'phite. A salt of hypophosphorous acid. hypophosphorous acid (hi"po-fos'for-us as'id). An acid, HjPOj, occurring in both solid and liquid form, salts of which are used to some extent in rickets and tuberculosis. hypophrenia (hi-po-fre'ni-ah) [G. hypo, below, -)- -phrenia.] A condition of subnormal mentality, feeblemindedness. hypophrenic (hi-po-fren'ik). i. Relating to hypo- phrenia, feebleminded. 2. A feebleminded person. hypophrenosis (hi-po-fre-no'sis). A mental state belonging to the group of hypophrenia or feeblemindedness. hypophyseal, hypophysial (hi-po-fiz'e-al). Relat- ing to an hypophysis. hypophysec'tomize. To remove the hypophysis cerebri. hypophysectomy (hi-pfi-fl-sek'to-ml) [hypophysis + Q.eklome, excision.] Surgical removal of the hypophysis cerebri. hypophyseoprivic (hi-po-fiz"e-o-priv'ik). Hypo- physeoprivus. hypophyseoprivous (hi-po-fiz"e-op'ri-vus) . Hypo- physioprivus. hypophyseoprivus (hi-po-fiz"e-o-pre'vus) [hypophy- sis + L. privus, deprived of.] Noting the con- dition resulting from a deficiency in the internal secretion of the hypophysis cerebri, or dyspitui- tarism; hypophyseoprivic, hypophyseoprivous. hjrpoph'ysin. A preparation of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri, or pituitary gland, of the ox; recommended in the treatment of acromegaly. hypophysis (hi-pof'i-sis) [G. an undergrowth.] i. [BNA] Pituitary body, a small two-lobed body at the base of the brain lying in the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone. The smaller posterior lobe is developed from the brain to which it is attached by the infundibulum ; it contains little or no brain substance but is composed chiefly of connective tissue and blood-vessels. The larger anterior lobe is developed from the buccal cavity: it con- sists of tubules lined with epithelium and sur- roimded by a capillary network: it is a closed gland, resembling the thyroid, and furnishes an internal secretion which influences the blood- pressure Also called hypophysis cerebri. 2. In botany, the cell in the undifferentiated embryo body of an angiosperm from which the primary root is developed, h. sic'ca (U.S.), desiccated hypophysis, a yellowish gray amorphous pow- der, of characteristic odor, made from the dried posterior lobe of the pituitary gland of cattle; oxytocic and vasoconstrictor in doses of gr. J-i (0 . 03-0 . 06) . h. syn' drome, dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, adiposogenital syndrome; a great increase of adipose tissue, genital atrophy with loss of the sexual appetite, loss of hair, and symptoms of intracranial pressure, associated with a tumor of the hypophysis cerebri, li'quor h. (U.S.), an aqueous extract of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland of cattle; dose 11515 (l .0). pharyn'geal h., a mass of tissue resem- bling in structure the anterior lobe of the hy- pophysis cerebri, present in the wall of the pharynx. hypophysoprivus (hi-pof"i-so-pre'vus). Hypophys- eoprivus. hypopi'esis [G. hypo, under, -t- piesis, pressure.] Subnormal arterial tension. hypopitiiitaiism (hi-po-pit-u'J-tar-izm) [G. hypo, under.] A condition due to diminished activity or loss of a part of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri, marked by the hypophysis syndrome, or dystrophia* adiposogenitalis. hypopla'sia [G. hypo, under, -I- ptosis, a moulding.] I. Defective formation, incomplete development of a part. z. Atrophy due to destruction of some of the elements and not merely to their general reduction in size. hypoporosis (hi-po-po-ro'sis) [G. hypo, under, -H poros, callus, + -osis.l Deficient formation of callus after fracture of a bone. hypopselaphesia (hi"pop-sel-a-fe's!t-ah) [G. hypo, tinder, + pselaphesis, touch.] Diminished tactile sensibility, tactile hypesthesia. hypo'pyon [G. hypo, h neath, + fyon, pus.] The presence of a pus-like fluid or pultaceous mass in the anterior chamber of the eye. h. kerati'tis, suppurative inflammation of the cornea compli- cated with hypopyon, h. kerato-iri'tis, suppura- tive inflammation of the cornea and iris compli- cated with hypopyon. hypo'pyum. Hypopyon. hyporeilezia (hi"po-re-fleks'J-ah) [G. hypo, under, + reflex.] A condition in which the reflexes are weakened. HYPOS 479 HYPOXANTHINE hypos (hi'poz). Hypochondriasis. hjrposar'ca [G. hypo, under, + sarxisark-), flesh.] Extreme anasarca or dropsy of the subcutaneous conne ti p-- tissue. hyposcheotomy (hi-pos-ke-ot'o-ml) [G. hypo, under, + oscheon, scrotum, + tome, incision.] Incision or puncture into a hydrocele at its most dependent point. hyposcle'ral [G. hypo, beneath, + sclera."] Beneath the sclerotic coat of the eyeball. hyposecre'tion. Diminished secretion. hyposialadenitis (hi"po-si"al-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. ypo, under, + sialon, saliva, + a en, gland, + -iiis, ] inflammation of the submaxillary salivary glands. hyposkeocytosis (hi"po-ske"o-si-to'sis) [G. hypo, under, + skaios, left, + kytos, cell, H- -dsis.] Hy- poneocytosis. hyposmia (hi-poz'mi-ah) [G. hypo, under, + osme, smell. Hyposphresia, diminished sense of smell, olfactory hypesthesia. hypospa'dia. Hypospadias. hypospa'diac. i. Relating to hypospadia. 2. A sufferer from hypospadia. hypospadias (hi-po-spa'di-as) [G. hypospad, I draw away from under.] Hypospadia, a defect in the wall of the urethra so that the canal is open for a greater or lesser distance on the under surface of the penis; also a similar defect in the female urethra. hyposphresia (hi-po-sfre'sl-ah) [G. hypo, under, + osphresis, smell.] Hyposmia. hyposphyxia (hi-po-sfik'si-ah) [G. hypo, under, + sphyxis, pulse.] Abnormally low blood pressure with sluggishness of the circulation. hypos'tasis [G. hypo, under, + stasis, a standing.] I. A sediment; the matter rising to the surface, instead of sinking, is called epistasis. :i. Hypo- static congestion. hypostat'ic. i. Sedimentary; resulting from a dependent position. 2. In Mendelian heredity, denoting a character which is hidden by another superposed upon it, the two not being allelo- morphic. h. conges'tion, stagnation of the blood in the capillaries or larger vessels due to gravitation; met with in the lungs of a person long in bed with an exhausting disease, and in the veins of the leg in those who stand much. hyposthe'nia [G. hypo, vrnder, + sthenos, strength.] Weakness. hyposthe'niant [G. hypo, below, + sthenos, strength.] 1. Depressing the vital forces. 2. An agent which reduces strength. hyposthenuria (hi-pos-then-u'ri-ah) [G. hypo, under, + sthenos, strength, + ouron, tirine.] Diminished secretion of urine due to a lessened amount of fluid in the tissues and consequent inspissation and lowering of the freezing point, due to a lessened amotmt of fluid in the tissues and consequent inspissation and lowering, of the freezing point. hyposul'phite. A salt of hyposulphurous acid, or bf thiosulphuric acid. hyposulphurous acid (hi-po-sul'fu-rus as'id). i. An acid HzSOz, forming hyposulphites with bases. 2. Thiosulphuric acid. hyposystole (hi-po-sis'to-le) [G. hypo, tmder.] A weak or incomplete cardiac systole. hypotax'ia [G. hypo tmder, + taxis, order.] A condition of weak or imperfect coordination. hypoten'sive. Marked by low blood-pressure. Ac- cording to the classification of Huchard, the h, diseases are the infectious diseases, in which, he holds, there is a fall of blood-pressure. hypothal'amus [G. hypo, below, + ihalamos, thala- mus.] [BNA] Subthalamic region, divided into the pars mamillaris, comprising the corpue mamillare, and the pars optica, comprising ths tuber cinereum, infundibulum, hypophysis (pitui- tary body), and the lamina cinerea. hjrpothe'cium [G. hypo, under, -t- theke, box.] In botany, the subhymenial layer, or layer of hyphal tissue, in fungi, beneath the hymenium. hypothelesia (hi-po-thel-e'z!-ah) [G. hypo, under, -I- thelSsis, will. Weakness of will; hypo- chondriasis. hypoth'enar [G. hypo, under, + thenar, the palm.] 1. The fleshy mass at the inner (little-finger) side of the palm. ' 2. Noting any structure in relation with this part. h. em'inence, h. prom'inence, hypothenar(i). hypother'mal [G. hypo, under, -t- thermos, hot.] i. Noting a subnormal bodily temperature, one below 98.6° F. (37° C.) u. Tepid. hypother'mia [G. hypo, imder, + therme, heat.] A subnormal temperature of the body, one below 98.6° P. (37° C). hypothesis (hi-poth'e-sis) [G. supposition, hypo, under, -|- thesis, a placing.] A supposition, a theory. hypothymia (hi-po-thi'n^-ah) [G. hypo, below, -|- -thymia.] Depression of spirits, the "blues." hypothyrea, hypothyreoidea, hypothyreosis (hi-po' thi're-ah, hi-po-thi-re-o-id'e-ah, hi-po-thi-re-o'sis> [G. hypo, under, + thyreoeides thyroid.] i. Di- minished secretion of the thyroid gland, thyroid insufficiency, z. A condition resulting from the lack of thyroid secretion, as myxedema. hypothyroida'tion [G. hypo, under, + E. thyroid.'] The induction of hypothyrea, or of the symptom- complex due to diminished functional activity of the thyroid gland. hypothyroidea, hypothy'roidism (hi-po-thi-ro-id'- e-ah) . Thyroid insufficiency, hypothyrea. hypoto'nia [G. hypo, under, -I- tones, tone.] i. Reduced tension in any part, as in the eyeball. 2. Relaxation of the arteries. 3. A condition in which there is a diminution or loss of muscular tonicity, in consequence of which the muscles may be stretched beyond their normal limits. hypoton'ic [G. hypo, under, + ionos, tension.] Having a lesser degree of tension, noting that one of two solutions which possesses the lesser osmotic pressvtre. h. salt solu'tion, one having a lesser osmotic pressure than the blood. hypoto'nus, hypot'ony. Hypotonia. hypotoxicity (hi-po- toks-is'J-tJ). Reduced toxicity; the quality of being only slightly poisonous. Hypotrichida (hi-po-trik'1-dah) [G. hypo, below, + thrixifrich-'), hair.] An order of Ciliata in which the cilia are confined to the under surface of a flattened cell and sometimes fuse to form mem- branelles and cirri. hypotrichosis (hi-po-tri-ko'sis) JG. hypo, under, + irichosis, hairiness.] Abnormally slight hairiness ; a deficiency of hair on the head and body. hypot'rophy [G. hypo, under, -I- trophe, nourish- meiit.] A condition of progressive degeneration and loss of function of certain cells and tissues; abiotrophy, abionergy. hypotro'pia [G. hypo, under, + trope, turn.] Vertical squint, in which the axis of one eye deviates downward. hypoxanthine (hi-pok-san'thin). Sarcine, a leuco- maine, CtH^NjO, present in the muscles and other tissues and formed during the decomposi- tion of protein, occiuring in one of the stages of the formation of urea and uric acid. HYPSIBRACHYCEPHALIC 480 HYSTEROEPILEPSY hypsibraehycephalic (hip-sl-brak"l-s8-fa;l'ik) [G. hypsi, on high, + brachys, broad, + kephale, head.] Having a high broad head, such as that of a Malay. hypsicephalic (hip"si-sS-fal'ik) [G. hypsi, aloft, on high, + kephale, head.] Having a high, peaked head. Noting a skull 'with a vertical index above 75. Similar to acrocephalic* hypsiceph'aly [G. hypsi, on high, + kephale, head.] Condition in which the skull is elevated, having a cranial index of over 75. hyp'siloid [G. hyp silon, the Greek y or u, + eidos, resemblance.] Shaped like the Greek letter T or v; Y-shaped, U-shaped, ypsiliform. h. angle, y-angle. h. car'tilage, y-cartilage, h. lig'ament, ligamentum iliofemorale. hypsistaphylia (hip"s}-sta-fil'i-ah) [G. hypsi, on high, + staphyle, uvula.] A condition in which the palate is high and narrow. hypsistenocephalic (hip-si-sten"o-sS-fal'ik) [G. hypsi, on high, + stenos, narrow, + kephale, head.] Having a high, narrow head, such as that of an Abyssinian, hypsoceph'aly. Hypsicephaly. hyp'sophyll [G. hypsi, on high, + phylton, leaf.] Bract. hypurgia (hi-pur'jl-ah) [G. hypcmrgia, help, service.] Any of the minor factors modifying the course of a disease either for good or for ill, especially the former. hy'rax [G. a mouse.] Hyraceum, the dried excre- ment of an animal, resembling a badger, of Africa and Syria ; employed like musk. hyr'gol. Trade name of colloidal mercury, hy- drargyrum* coUoidale. Hyrtl's anastomo'sis or loop (her'tl) [Joseph Hyril, Viennese anatomist, 1811-1894.] An anasto- motic loop between the right and left hypoglossal nerves, lying between the geniohyoid and genio- glossus muscles or in the substance of the genio- hyoid; it is found about once in ten times. H.'s epitympan'ic recess', aditus ad antrum. H.'s sphinc'ter, a band, generally incomplete, of circular muscular fibers in the rectum about 4 inches above the anus. hyssop (his'up) [G. hyssopos.l The tops of Hysso- pus officinalis, an herbaceous plant of Southern Europe, cultivated in America; an aromatic stimulant and diaphoretic, employed in dyspep- sia, amenorrhea, muscular rheumatism, and senile bronchitis, in doses of 5i~2 (4.0-8.U of a fluidextract. hysteral'gia [G hystera, uterus, -I- algos, pain.] Hysterodynia, metralgia, metrodynia; neuralgic pain in the uterus. hysterectomy (his-ter-ek'to-mi) [G. hystera, uterus, -I- ektome, excision.] Removal of the uterus. abdom'inal h., celiohysterectomy, laparo- hystereotomy, removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdominal wall, paravag'inal h., removal of the uterus through a perineal inci- sion involving only the lower two-thirds of the vaginal wall; Schuchardt's operation, vag'inal h., colpohysterectomy, removal of the uterus through the vagina without incising the wall of the abdomen. hystere'sis [G. hysteresis, a coming too late.] Failure of either one of two related phenomena to keep pace with the other. hystereurynter (his"ter-u-rin'ter). Metreurynter, an instrument, such as Barnes's bag, for dilating the OS uteri. hystereurysis (his"ter-u'ri-sis) [G. hystera, the womb, + euryno, I dilate.] Dilatation of the os uteri. hysteria (his-te'ri-ah) [G. hystera, womb, because formerly thought to be of uterine causation.]^ A chronic neurosis, or psychoneurosis, characterized by disorders of the will, perversion of the inhibi- tory powders of consciousness, and partial cessa- tion or exaltation of the individual functions of the brain. It is marked by symptoms of the most varied character, from simple nervous instability and attacks of emotional excitement, with cause- less crying or laughing, to convulsions, muscular contractures, vasomotor, trophic, and psychic disorders, ma'jor h.i a form of h. in which there may be permanent paralysis, anesthesia, or contractures with well marked stigmata, and in which convulsive or violent emotional attacks may occur; hysteroepilepsy. mi'nor h., a mild form of h. characterized chiefly by subjective pains, nervousness, undue sensitiveness, and sometimes attacks of emotional excitement, but without permanent paralysis or other stigmata. hyste'riac. An hysterical person. hyster'ic. i. Hysterical. 2. An hysterical person. hysterical (his-ter'I-kal). Relating to or suffering from hysteria, h. fe'ver, h. pyrex'ia, see fever. h. joint, articular or arthral neuromimesis, a simidation of joint disease, with symptoms of pain, possibly swelling, and impairment of motion, of nervous origin not dependent upon actual lesion. hyster'icism. A tendency or predisposition to hysterial hystericoneuralgic (his-ter"i-ko-nu-raI'jik). Re- lating to neuralgic pains of hysterical origin. hyster'lcs. An attack of hysteria, especially of minor hysteria with emotional excitement. hysteritis (his-ter-i'(e')tis). Metritis, inflammation of the uterus. hystero- [G. hystera, uterus.] A prefix denoting (i) the uterus, or (2) hysteria. hysterobubopocele (his"ter-o-bu-bon'o-sSl) [G. hys- tera, uterus, + boubon, groin, + kele, hernia.] An inguinal hernia containing the uterus. hysterocat'alepsy. Major hysteria with cataleptic manifestations. hysterocataphraxis (his"ter-o-kat-ah-frak'sis) [G.- hystera, uterus, + kataphrasso, I cover with mail.] Supporting a displaced uterus by loops of wire passed through the abdominal wall and encircling the uterus. hysterocele (his'ter-o-sel) [G. hystera, uterus, H- kelS, hernia.] Hernia of the uterus. hysterocervicot'omy [G. hystera, uterus, + L. cervix, neck, + G. tome incision.] Hysterotrache- lotomy. hysterocleisis (his"ter-o-kli'sis) [G. hystera, uterus, + kleio, I close.] Operative occlusion of the uterus. hysterocystocleisis (his'ter-o-sis'to-kli'sis) [G. hys- tera, uterus, + kystis, bladder, -t- kleio, I shut in.] Bozeman*s* operation of fastening the cervix uteri in the wall of the bladder. hys"terocys'topexy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- kystis, bladder, -I- pexis, fixation.] Attachment of both uterus and bladder to the abdominal w'all for the cure of prolapse. hysterodynia (his"ter-o-din'i(-ah) [G. hystera, uterus, +0(fy»e, pain.]Hysteralgia, uterine pain. hysteroepilepsy (his'ter-o-ep'i-lep-sl). Major hys- teria, a form of hysteria in which there are nervous explosions of a violent character. The attack begins usually with an aura, followed by epileptoid convulsions; these are succeeded by a stage of contortions in which the tonic and slowly clonic spasms embrace the entire body or one or more extremities; the next stage is one of emotional HYSTEROEPILEPSY 481 HYTHER attitudes in which the patient gives dramatic expression to feelings of anger, disgust, surprise, joy, or other intense emotion; the final stage is one of delirium. The complete attack lasts from 5 or 10 minutes to half an hour. hys"teroepilep"togen'ic, hysteroepileptogenous (his"- ter-o-ep-i-lep-toj'en-us). Causing hystero- epilepsy. hysteroerotic (his'ter-o-e-iot'ik). Characterized by erotism of hysterical origin. hysterofrenatory (his"ter-o-fren'a-to-r5(). [See hys- t erofrenic. ] Hysterof renic. hysterofrenic (his"ter-o-fren'il£) \Jiysteria + L. frenare, to curb.] Arresting an hysterical attack, noting certain areas pressure upon which has this effect. hysterogenic, hysterogenous (his-ter-o-jeu'ik, his- ter-oj'en-us) [hysteria + G. gennao, I produce.] Causing hysteria, h. a'reas, points, or zones, various circumscribed areas of the skin, pressure upon which excites a paroxysm of major hysteria. hys'teroid [hysteria + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling or simulating hysteria, h. convul'- sion, major hysteria, hysteroepilepsy. hysterolaparofomy. Laparohysterotomy, celio- hysterotomy.* hys'terolith [G. hystera, uterus, + lithos, stone.] Uterine calculus, a concretion within the uterus. hysterol'ogy [G. hystera, uterus, + -logia.'] The branch of medical science treating of the uterus in all its relations. hysteroloz'ia [G. hystera, uterus, + loxos, slanting.] Oblique version or flexion of the uterus. hysteroma'nia [G. hystera, uterus, + mania, frenzy.] 1. Nymphomania,* metromania. 2. Hysterical mania. hysterom'eter [G. hyttera, uterus, + metron, meas- ure.] A graduated sotmd for measuring the depth of the uterine cavity. bysteromyoma (his"ter-o-mi-o'mah) [G. hystera, uterus, H- mys(myo-), muscle, + -omo.] A my- oma of the uterus. hysteromyomectomy (his"ter-o-mi-o-mek'to-mS) [hysteromyoma + G. ektome, excision.] Opera- tive removal of a uterine myoma, hysteronar'colepsy. Narcolepsy of hysterical origin. hysteroneurasthenia (his"ter-o-nu-ras-the'ni-ah). Neurasthenia In an hysterical subject. hysteroneuro'sis. A neurosis caused by uterine disease. liys''tero-o"ophorec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, + don, ovum, -f- phoros, bearer, + ektome, excision.] Hystero-oothecectomy. hystero-o"othecec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, + ootheke, ovary, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries. hysterop'athy [G. hystera, uterus, + pathos, suffer- ing.] Any disease of the uterus. hys'teropexy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- pexis, fixation.] The fixation of a misplaced or abnormally mov- able uterus, abdom'inal h., ventrofixation, lap- arohysteropexy, attachment of the uterus to the anterior abdominal wall, vag'inal h., vagino- fixation, colpohysteropexy, attachment of the uterus to the peritoneal covering of the vagina. hysterophore (his'ter-o-for) [G. hystera, uterus, -I- phoros, bearing.] A pessary or other support for a prolapsed or displaced uterus. hystero'pia [G. dps(5p-), eye.] An hysterical visual defect. hysteropsychosis (his"ter-o-si-ko'sis). i. A mental disorder caused by uterine disease, z. A psycho- sis of hysterical nature. hysteropto'sia, hysteropto'sis [G. hystera, uterus, + ptosis, a falling.] Metroptosia, prolapse of the uterus, falling of the womb; a downward dis- placement of the uterus. hysteror'rhaphy [G. hystera, womb, -t- rhaphe, suture.] I. Hysteropexy. ^. Repair of a lacer- ated cervix uteri. hys"terorrhex'is [G. hystera, uterus, + rhexis, rup- ture.] Rupture of the pregnant uterus. hys"terosal'pingo-o"'ophorec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- salpinx, trumpet, -I- don, ovum, + phoros, bearing, + ektome, excision.] Hysterosalpingo- oothecectomy. hys"terosal"pingo-o''othecec'tomy [G. hystera, uterus, -I- salpinx, trumpet, -I- ootheke, ovary, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of the uterus, ovi- duct, and ovaries. hysterosalpingostomy (his"ter-o-sal-ping-gos'to-ml) [G. hystera, uterus, -f- salpinx, trumpet, -I- stoma, mouth.] The operative establishment of a com- munication between the uterus and the pervious portion of a partially occluded Fallopian tube. hysteroscope (his'ter-o-skop) [G. hystera, uterus, -t- skopeo, I view.] A modified speculum or cysto- scope for examination of the cavity of the uterus. hys'terostomat'omy, hys"terostomatot'omy [G. hys- tera, uterus, -I- stoma, mouth, -I- tome, incision.] Incision of the os or cervix uteri, hysterotomy. hysterosyph'ilis. Hysteria seemingly of syphilitic causation. hys'terotome. An instrument for incising the cervix uteri. hysterot'omy [G. hystera, uterus, -f tome, incision.] I. Metrotomy, incision of the uterus, cesarean section. 2. Hysterostomatomy. hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his"ter-o-trak-S-loT'i-fi) [G. hystera, uterus . + irachelos, neck, -f- rhaphe, a seam.] Hysterorrhaphy (2), repair of a lacerated cervix uteri. hysterotrachelotomy (his"ter-o-trak-S-lot'o-mI) [G. hystera, uterus, -1- trachelos, neck, -t- tome, inci- sion.] Incision of the cervix uteri. hys'terotraumat ic Relating to hysterotraumatism. hysterotraumatism (his"ter-o-traw'ma-tizm) [G. trauma, injury.] Traumatic hysteria; hysteria following the shock of a severe injury, hysterotris'mus. 1. Hysterical lockjaw. 2. Uter- ine spasm. hystriciasis (his"trl-si'a-sis). Hystricism, Ichthy- osis* hystrix. hystricism (his'tri-sizm) [G. hystrix, hedgehog.] Ich- thyosis* hystrix, hystriciasis. hys'trix. Ichthyosis hystrix. hyther (hi'thur) [G. hy(,ddr) water, -I- ther{me), heat.] A word coined by W. P. Tyler, P. R. Met. Soc, to indicate the combined effect upon the organism of the humidity and the temperature of the atmosphere. 31 482 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS I. Chemical symbol of iodine. i. Abbreviation for optically inactive. -iasis [G.] A termination noting a condition or state expressed by a verb terminating in -ao or -iaS, as psoriasis from psoriao I have the itch or mange. In medical neologisms it has the same value as, and is sometimes interchangeable with, -ojw,* as trichiniasis or trichinosis, iatralip'tic (i-4-tr4-lip'tik) [G. iairos, physician, + aleiptes, an annointer.] Noting treatment by inunction, or the epidermic method. iatralip'tics. Method of treatment by inunction. iat'ric [G. iairos, physician.] Medical. iatrochemical (i-af'ro-kem'l-kal). Noting a school of medicine of the seventeenth century which attributed all physiological and pathological as well as therapeutic phenomena to chemical action. iatrochemist (i-afro-kem'ist). A member of the iatrochemical school. i'atrol. Oxiadolmethylanilide, a, grayish white, odorless powder obtained by the action of nascent iodine on coal-tar derivatives; employed as a substitute for iodoform. iatrol'ogy [G. iairos, physician, + ~logia.'\ Medical science. iatromathemat'ical. latrophysical. iatromechanical (i-at"ro-me-kan'I-kal). latrophys- ical. iatrophysical (i-at-ro-fiz'I-kal) [G. iairos, physician, + physikos, physical.] Noting a school of medi- cine in the seventeenth century, which explained all physiological and pathological phenomena by the laws of physics; opposed to the iatrochemical school. iatrophys'icist. A member of the iatrophysical school. latrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek'niks). latrotechnique. iatrotechnique (i-at"ro-tek-nek') [G. iairos, physi- cian, + iechne, art.] Medical and svirgical art; the technique or mode of application of medical science. Jtit. Bismuth oxyiodotannate, a grayish, odor- less, tasteless powder; employed as a substitute for iodoform. -ic. A suffix denoting that the element to the name of which it is attached is in combination in one of its higher valencies. ice. Water congealed by a temperature below 32° F. (0" C). i. bag, a rubber bag in which cracked ice is put ; employed as a means for the local application of cold. i. cap, an i. bag made of such a shape as to be readily fitted over the head. Ice'land moss. Cetraria. I. spar, crystallized cal- cium carbonate used in the manufacture of Nicol* prisms. Ichor (i'-kor) [G. ichor, serum.] A thin watery discharge from an ulcer or unhealthy woimd.. ichore'mia, ichorae'mia. Ichorrhemia. ichorold (i'kS-royd) [G. ichor + eidos, resemblance.] Noting a thin purulent discharge. ichorous (i'kor-us). Relating to or resembling ichor, serous. ichorrhea, ichorrhoea (i-kor-re'ah) [G. ichor + rhoia, a flow.] A profuse ichorous discharge. Ichorrhemia, ichorrhsemla (i"kfi-re'mJ-ah) [G. ichor + haima, blood.] Blood-poisoning from the absorption of an ichorous discharge. ichthalbin (ik-thal'bin). Trade name of a prepara- tion made by the action of ichthyolsulphonic acid on albumin, ichthyol albuminate; a grayish powder insoluble in water, employed as an altera- tive "and intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 10—30 (o . 6-2 . o). ichthargan (ik-thar'gan). Trade name of silver ichthyolate, silver sulphichthyolate, a combina- tion of silver nitrate and ichthyol sulphonic acid ; a dark brown powder, soluble in water, containing about 30 per cent, of silver; employed as an astringent and antiseptic injection in gonorrhea, in solutions of 1-3000 up to 1-500. ichthargol (ik-thar'gol). Trade name for an insoluble silver ichthyolate containing 12 per cent, of metallic silver. ichthermol (ik-ther'mol). Mercury ichthyolate or sulphichthyolate; a blackish powder containing 24 per cent, metallic mercury ichthoform (ik'tho-form) Ichthyolformaldehyde, a blackish brown insoluble powder, employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0—2.0), and externally as an antiseptic powder for wounds, ulcers, etc. ichthydin, ichthyn, ichthulin (ik'thi-din, ik'thin, ik'thoo-lin) [G. ichthys, fish.] Albuminoid sub- stances from the yolks of fish-eggs. ichthyism (ik'thi-izm) [G. ichihys, fish.] Poisoning by eating stale or otherwise unfit fish. icbthyocolla (ik-thi-o-kol'ah) [G. ichihys, fish, -I- kolla, glue.] Fish glue, isinglass; the dried air- bladders or sounds of Acipenser huso and other species of sturgeons and of hake; is used for making court plaster and in culinary processes. ichthyodin (ik-thi'o-din). Isarol, ammonium sul- phonate, a thick, dark brown liquid having properties similar to those of ichthyol. ichthyoform (ik'thl-o-form). Ichthoform. ichthyoid (ik'thJ-oyd) [G. ichihys, fish, + eidos, resemblance.] Fish-shaped. ichthyol (ik tM-ol). Ichthyoliun;* ammonimn- ichthyol. i. albu'ininate, ichthalbin. i. formal'- dehyde, ichthoform. i. lith'ium, lithium ichthyo- sulphonate. i. oil, see ichthyolum. i, sil'ver, ichthargan. ichthyolsulphonic acid (ik"thl-ol-sul-fon'ik as'id). Sulphoichthyolic or sulphichthyolic acid, pre- pared by mixing crude ichthyol oil with an excess of concentrated sulphuric acid; it forms ichthyol- sulphonates with many organic and inorganic bases; the ammonium salt is called ichthyol, the other salts being distinguished by the addition of the name of the base. ichthyolum (ik-tM-o'lum) [G. ichthys, fish, + L. oleum, oil.] Ichthyol, a brownish oil obtained by the destructive distillation of a bituminous rock, filled with fossil fish, foimd near Seefeld in the Tyrol. The term is usually applied to the form employed in medicine, ammonium-ichthyol (q.v.). See also sodium-ichthyol, ichthalbin, ichthargan, ichthermol, and ichthoform. ichthyophagous (ik-thl-of'S-gus) [G. ichihys, fish, -|- phago, I eat.] Fish-eating, subsisting on fish. ICHTHYOPHAGY 483 IDEOGLANDULAR ichthyophagy (ik-thl-ofa-ji) The habit of fish- eating. ichthyophobia (ik-thi-o-fo'M-ah) [G. ichthys, fish, + f hobos, fear.] An aversion to fish. ichthyosis (ik-tU-o'sis) [G. ichthys, fish.] Fishskin disease, xeroderma, a congenital rough skin due to a generalized hypertrophy of the horny layer of the epidferinis with diminished sweat and seba- ceous secretion, i. congen'ita, i. present in extreme degree at birth, i. follicula'ris, keratosis foUiculaiis. i. hys'trix [G. hystrix, hedgehog], i. of extreme degree, occurring in circumscribed elevated patches; hystricism. i. intrauteri'na, i. 1 congenita. I. linea'ris, linear i.,, a condition marked by bands, showing the lesiQJis,pf ich- thyosis, which follow in general the course of ' certain cutaneous nerves; called also linear naevus, linear papilloma, nsevus papillaris, papil- loma neuroticum or neuropathicum. I. lin^guse, i. of the tongue, leucoplakia. i. palma'ris,' kera- tosis palmaris. i. palma'ris et planta'ris, kera-' todermia symmetrica, i. planta'ris, keratosis plantaris. i. sauroder'ma [G. sauros, lizard, + derma, skin], crocodile skin; an extreme degree of ichthyosis in which the surface is covered with thick plates marked like the hide of a crocodile. i. Bcutula'ta [L. scutulaius, lozenge-shaped, check- ered], i. marked by diamond-shaped or shield- shaped lesions, i. seba'cea, the presence of an unusual amoiuit of vemix caseosa. i. seba'cea cor'nea, keratosis foUieularis. i. serpenti'na, i. of marked degree in which the homy plates preseijt the appearance seen on a serpeiit's skin. i. sim'plex, ordinary i., xeroderma, i, spino'sa, i. hystrix. i. u'teri, a comification of the epithe- lium of the uterme tnucous membrane. ' ichthyotic (ik-tM-ot'ik). Relating to ichthyosis'. . ichthyotoxicon (ik-thJ-o-tok'sI-kon) [G. ichtHys, fish, + toxikon, poison.] Fish-poison, a toxic principle in certain fishes. ichthyotozin' (ik-thi-o-toks'in) . The hemolytic active principle of eel serum. ichthyotox'ism [G. ichthys, fish, + toxikon, poison.] Poisoning by fish. icing heart, liver, etc. (is'ing). Sugar-coated heart, frosted Tieart, etc. ; a condition in which the heart, liver, or other organ is found post mortem covered with a more or less thick layer of a porcelain-like substance; see hyaloserositis, ICT. Abbreviation, used in some army medical reports for inflammation of connective tissue, applied to ecthyma, boils, cellulitis, and what- not, and especially to tropical ulcer as seen in Gallipoli, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. icter'ic [G. iHterikos, jaundiced.] Relating to or marked -by jaundice. i. fe'ver, pernicious malaria* with jaundice as a, prominent symp- tom. icteritious (ik-ter-ish'us). Yellowish, of a jaundiced appearance, icteroid. icteroane'mia, icteroanse'mia. Jaundice combined with the blood changes of anemia, acquired' hemolyt'ic i., Widal's* syndrome. Ic'terode [G. ikterodes, jaundiced.] Icteroid. icterogen (ik'ter-o-jen) [G. ikteros, jaundice, + gennao, I produce.] An arsenic preparation of the salvarsan series, which has a selective action on the liver cells, causing degeneration of the same with the production of jaundice. It has been used experimentally in the treatment of mouse tumors upon which it appears to have a curative effect. icterogen'ic [G. ikteros, jaundice, -|- gennao, I pro- duce.] Causing jaundice. icterohematu'ric. Noting jaundice, together with the passage of blood in the urine. Icterohemoglobinu'ria. Noting jaundice, together with the passage of the blood-coloring matter in the urine. icterohepatitis (ik"ter-p-hep-a-ti'(te')tis) [G. ikteros, jaundice, + heparQiepat-), liver, -|- -itis."] In- flammation of the liver with jaundice as a prom- inent symptom. ic'teroid [G. ikteros, jatindice, -1- eidos, resemblance.] Yellow-hued, seemingly jaundiqed,. icteritious. ic'terus [G. ikteros^ Jaundice, cythemolyt'ic i., i. resulting from absorption of bile produced in excess through stimulation by free hemoglobin resulting from, the destruction of red blood-cor- puscles, i. febri'lis, Weil's* disease, i. gra'vis, jaundice associate^ with "high fever and delirium, seen in acute yellow atjophy, and other destruc- . tive diseases of the liver, i. me'las, black jaun- dice, a, form in which the skin assumes a dirty dark brpwn, colo'r.' i. riebnato'rum, Buhrs dis- ease, ^Winckel's disease,' jaundice of the newborn, ped,ic'terus; }t is, either pf a mild form and tem- porary, physiological jaundice, or of severe, and usually .fatal forrii, due to congenital occlusion of the common bile-duct, congenital syphilitic pirrhosis. of the liver,, or septic pylephlebitis. K ,pf ae'cQX, jaundice pccurring in , secondary sypijilis. i. typhoid'es, ^cute yellow atrophy of, the liver, infec'tious i., Weil's* disease. ictpm'eter L. ^tus, stroke, -I- G, weiroM,, pie'sisure.] .An apparatus for determining the. force of, the apex beat of the heart, ic'tus [L.] I. A stroke, a beat. 2. An attack, i. cor'dis, heart beat. i. inunxinisato'rius, the pro-, ducl^ipn of a great mass qf aiitibodies by the injection of large amounts of the antagpnistic blood-cells, or bacteria or , their toxins, at one tiine. i. epilep'ticus, an epileptic coriyulsipn. i. paralyt'icus, a stroke of paralysis, i. san'guinis, apoplexy, i. so'lis, sunstroke. id [G. idios, peculiar, separate, one's own.] .,0;ie of the complex groups which form the idipjjiasm, chromomere ; it is supposed to be the bearer of the hereditary qualities. " .' I'daho Hot Springs, Colorado. Alkalin?Tsaline waters, 85° F. to 115° F. Used by bathing in various disorders. 'Very near is a cold spring of effervescent water used for drinking. I'dan-Ha Spring, Idaho. Alkaline-salinerfemiginpus- carbonated waters, tfsed by drinking for the diuretic, mild aperient, and .tpnio properties. id'ant. Weismann's term for one of the nuclear rods or chromosomes in the fertilized ovum, con- taining an 'aggregate of the ids, or all kinds of biophores of the organism. ide'a [G. semblance.] A mental image or concept of something not present in space, dpm'inant i., one which governs all the actions and thoughts of the individual, fixed i., an exaggerated notion or delusion which dominates the mind; a per- manent dominant i. ide'al. Relating to an idea; imaginative; not real. ideation (i-de-a'shun). The formation of ideas. idea'tional. Relating to ideation, or the formation of ideas. identification (i-den"ti-fi-ka'shun) [L. idenlicus, the same, + facere, to make.] An exaggerated in- trojection* in which there is a definite, though usually unconscious, sense of oneness or psychic continuity with another person. ideoglandular (i-.de-6-glan'du-lar). Relating to se- cretion or glandular activity aroused by a inental IDEOGLANDULAR 484 IDIOPLASM image, As in the "watering of the mouth" excited by the thought of savory food. ideometaboUsm (i-de-o-'mS-tab'o-lizm). Metabol- ism as influenced by the mental processes. ideomotion (i-de-o-mo'shun). Muscular movement executed under the influence of a dominant idea, being practically automatic and not volitional. ideomo'tor. Relating to ideomotion. ideomus'cular. Ideomotor. ideoplastia (i-de-o-plas'tl-ah) [G. idea, + plasso, I form.] The receptive condition in a hypnotized person in which he is completely open to sugges- tion. Ideovascular (i-de-o-vas'ku-lar). Relating to circu- latory changes excited by a mental image or idea. idioagglutinin (id'^-o-S-glu'tin-in) [G. idios, one's own.] An agglutinin normally present in the » blood and not formed in response to the injection of an antigen. Idioblast (idl-o-blast) [G. idios, peculiar, individual, + blastos, genni] i. One of the ultimate elements of the idioplasm formed of atom-groups or mole- cule-groups. 2. One of the cells in a plant which differ from the surrounding parenchyma and which contain pigment, oil, gum, or other special product. idiochromatin (id^-o-kro'mS-tin) [G. idios, one's own, peculiar.] The chromatin which has to do with reproduction and heredity, as distinguished from the vegetative chromatin. idlochromidia (id"I-o-kro-mid^-ah) [G. idios, one's own, peculiar, + chromidia.'\ The germinal chro- midia, or distributed chromatin, in certain protozoa. idiochTomosome (id"I-o-kro'mo-som) [G. idios, one's own, -f chromoso'me.'\ One of the chromosomes forming the distinctive differential between the male-producing and the female-producing sper- matozoa. They are divided into x-elements and y-elements, and it is assiuned that when an ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon containing the x-element a female results, Idioc'rasy [G. idios, individual, + krasis, a mixture, temperament.] Idiosyncrasy ; peculiarity or indi- viduality of temperament. idlocrat'ic. Relating to idiocrasy. idiocy (id'J-o-s:) [G. ididteia, awkwardness, un- couthness.j Congenital mental deficiency of extreme degree; exaggerated imbecility. amaurot'ic fam'ily i., a condition marked by mental impairment leading to idiocy, by paral- ysis, impaired vision leading to blindness, associated with changes in the macula lutea and optic nerve atrophy, by marasmus, and finally death; the disease appears in infancy, often affecting several children in the same family, and usually terminates fatally about the end of the second year. Az'tec i., microcephalic i., marked by receding forehead and chin, the profile having a triangular form, cret'inoid i., cretinism, diple'gic i., paralytic i. in which the paralysis affects all four extremities, epilep'tic i., i. associated with epilepsy. ■ gen'etous i., con- genital i. of obscure causation, hemiple'gic i., paralytic i. in which the paralysis has the form of hemiplegia, hydrocephal'ic i., i. associated with chronic hydrocephalus, intraso'cial i., a condition in which the mental state pemjits the exercise of some calling; imbecility, micro- cephal'ic i., I. occurring in a child with small skull and brain, without paralysis or other signs of a focal lesion. Mongo'lian or mon'goloid i., i. marked by cheerfulness of disposition, viva- ciousness, and imitativeness, abnormal shortness of the thumbs and little fingers, a flattened skull, and the slanting eye-slits of the eastern Asiatic. paralyt'ic i., i. due to cerebral lesions occurring in infancy and causing spastic or other forms of paralysis, paraple'gic i., paralytic i. in which the muscular affection has the form of a para- plegia, senso'rial i., mental deficiency depend- ent upon the loss in infancy, or congenital absence, of one or more of the special senses, traumat'ic i., mental deficiency assumed to be due to a fall, a blow, or other injury received in infancy or early childhood. idiogamist (id-i-og'am-ist) [G. idios, individual, + gamos, marriage.] One who is capable of sexual union with only one or a few individuals of the opposite sex, being impotent in the presence of any others. idiogen'esis [G. idios, self, + genesis, production.] Origin without evident cause, noting especially that of a so-called idiopathic disease, idioglos'sia [G idios, one's own, + glossa, tongue, speech.] An extreme form of lalling or vowel or consonant substitution, by which the speech of a child may be made unintelligible and appear to be another language to one who has not the key to the literal changes. kdioglott'ic. Relating to idioglossia. idioheteroagglutinin (id"l-o-het"er-o-4-glu'tin-in) [G. idios, one's own, + heteros, another.] An idio- agglutinin present ii^ normal blood, active in respect of the cells of another species. idioheterolysin (id-J-o-het-er-ol'i-sin) [G. idios, one's own, + heteros, other.] An hemolysin (idiolysin) present in normal blood, active against the cells of an animal of a different species. idiohypnotism (id-K-o-hip'no-tizm) [G. idios, one's own.] Self-induced hypnotism. idioisoagglutinin (id'H-o-i'so-it-glu'tin-in) [G. idios, one's own, -I- isos, equal.] An idioagglutinin active in respect of cells of animals of the same species. idioisolysin (id'I-o-i-sol'i-sin) [G. idios, one's own, -f isos, equal.] An hemolysin present in normal blood, active against the cells of an individual of the same species. idiolysin (id-i-ol'-i-sin) [G. idios, one's own.] A lysin normally present in the blood and not formed in response to the injection of an antigen. idiometritis (id-I-o-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. idios, indi- vidual.] Inflammation of the uterine muscula- ture, uterine myositis. idiomuscular (id'^-o-mus'ku-lar) [G. idios, indivi- dual.] Relating to the muscles alone, indepen- dent of the nervous control. idioneurosis (id"I-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. t'dt'oi, ' individual.] A functional neurosis, one arising without appar- ent extrinsic cause. idiopathet'ic. Idiopathic. idiopath'ic [G. idios, individual, + pathos, suiiering.] Noting a primary disease, one originating without apparent extrinsic cause. Idlop'athy [G. idios, individual, + pathos, suffering.] A primary disease, one arising without appar- ent extrinsic cause. idlophren'ic [G. idios, individual, + phren, mind.] Relating to, or originating in, the mind or brain alone, not reflex or secondary. idioplasm (id-J-o-plazm) [G. idios, one's own, + plasma, something formed.] i. A term applied by Nageli to a special modification of the living substance or protoplasm of the individual cell which determines its special characteristics and which is transmitted to all other cells IDIOPLASM 48s ILIOCOLQTOMY, derived from the first. 2. The chromatin substance of the nucleus which, in the sexual cell, transmits hereditary characteristics; germ- plasm. 3. The specific inheritable substance in the protozoan cell. idiopsychological (id"l-o-si-ko-loj'l-kal) [G. idios, self, + psyche, soul, + -logia.l Relating to ideas developed within one's own mind, independent of suggestion from without. idioreflex (id-1-o-re'fleks) [&. idios, one's own.] A reflex due to a stimulus or irritation originating in the organ or part in which the reflex occurs. idiosome (id'i-o-som) [G. idios, one's own, + soma, body.] I. The attraction-sphere of a spermatid or of an oocyte. 2. The indivisible element of living matter. idiosyncrasy (id"I-o-sin'kra-sI)[ G. idios, one's own, -t- synkrasis, a mixing together.] Idiocrasy, an individual mental or physical characteristic or peculiarity. A susceptibility, peculiar to the individual, to the action of certain drugs, articles of diet, etc. Idiosyncrat'ic. Relating to or marked by an idio- syncrasy, idiocratic. td'iot [G. ididtes, an ignorant, uncouth person.] A person congenitally without understanding or ordinary mental capacity, one who does not ad- vance beyond the Binet* age of 3 years; distin- guished from a lunatic whose mental defect is of post-natal origin, and from an imbecile who is more or less observant and capable of some mental and physical education. See also moron. Id'organ [G. idea + organon.] A plastid or unicell- ular organism, theoretically capable of develop- ment into a metazoan. idro'sis [G. hidros, sweat.] Hidrosis. ignatia (ig-na'shyah) [St. Ignatius, a martyr under Trajan, tie?-] (N.F.) Ignatia amara; St. Ignatius' bean, the dried ripe seed of Strychnos ignatii. It is similar in its properties to nux vomica; dose: extract, gr. J— J (0.015—0.03); fluidextract, ih 2-5 (o . 13-0 . 3) ; tincture, iiit 2-8 (o . 13-0 . s) ; powder, gr. I (0. 06) . igni-ope ration (ig'ne-op-ur-a"shun) [L. ignis, fire.] An operation performed by means of knives at a red beat,!' ignlpedites (jg-ne-pS-di'tez) [L. ignis, fire, + pes {pea-), foot, + G. -ties.] Hot-foot, burning pain in the soles of the feet, due to multiple neuritis ; it occurs chiefly in tropical countries. ignipuncture (ig-ni-punk'chur) [L. ignis, fire, + pu-nciura.] Cauterization by means of hot needles thrust into the tissues. ig'nis [L.] Fire-, actual cautery, hot iron, moxa. i. sa'cer, sacred fire, herpes zoster, i. Sanc'ti Anto'nii, St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas. IK [Ger. immun-korper.] Spengler's tuberculin.* Also a preparation, on the same principle as the tuberculin, for use in epidemic influenza. IKI solu'tion [/, iodine; KI, potassium iodide.] Liquor iodi compositus. iko'ta. A neurosis, similar to latah, affecting married women among the Samoyeds of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe. It is marked by the uttering of inarticulate sounds whenever the woman is displeased or annoyed or, in severer cases, by maniacal excitement. il'eac. ' Relating to ileus, i. passion, ileus. ileadel'phus. Iliadelphus. ileectomy (il-e-ek'to-ml) [L ileum + G. ektome, excision.] Removal of the ileum. Ileitis (il-e-i'(e')tis) [L. ileum + G. -iiis."] Inflam- mation of the ileum. ir'eoce'cal. Relating to both ileum and cectun, noting the valve at the junction of the large and small intestine, valvula"" coli [BNA]. ileocecum, ileocscum (il-e-o-se'kum). The com- bined ileum and cecum. il"eocol'ic. Relating to the ileum and the colon. ileocolitis (il-e-o-ko-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of' the mucous membrane of a greater or lesser extent of both ileum and colon. lleocolon'ic. Ileocolic. ileocolos'tomy [L. ileum + G. kolon, colon, -1- stoma, mouth.] The establishment of a com- mimication between the ileum and the colon. ileocolot'omy [L. ileum + G. kdlon, colon, + tome, incision.] Ileocolostomy. ileoileostomy (il-e-o-il-e-os'to-ml) [L. ileum + ileum + G. stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a, com- munication between two non-continuous portions of the ileum. il"eop.roctos'tomy [L. ileum + G. proktos, anus (rectum), + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a communication between .the ileum and the rectum. ir'eorectos'tomy [L. ileum -i- rectum + G. stoma, mouth.] Ileoproctostomy. ileosigmoidos'toxny [L. ileum + G. sigmoides, sig- moid, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a communication between the ileum and the sig- moid colon. ileos'tomy [L. ileum + G. stoma, mouth.] The establishment of a fistula leading from without into the ileiun. ileot'omy [L. ileum + G. tome, incision.] Cutting into the ileum; ileostomy. il'eum [G. eiled, I roll up, twist.] The third por- tion of the small intestine, about 1 2 feet in length, extending from the junction with the jejunum to the ileocecal valve. ileus (il'e-us) [G. eileos, intestinal colic, from eilo, I roll up tight.] Obstruction of the bowel attended with severe colicky pain. I'lex [L.] Holly, a genus of trees and shrubs containing about 150 species, some of which have been used in medicine, the leaves being said to have antirheumatic and antiperiodic properties. il'iac. Relating to the iliiun. i. bursa, a bursa at the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle into the lesser trochanter, i. crest, crista iliaca. i. fascia, a continuation of the transversalis fascia covering the anterior surface of the iliopsoas muscle above the inguinal ligament, i. fossa, fossa iliaca. x. muscle, musculus iliacus. i. region, inguinal region, the lower lateral abdominal* region on either side of the hypogastrium. i. roll, a sausage-shaped, often painful, non-fluctuating mass, with convexity to the right, palpable intthe left iliac fossa, due to induration of the walls of the sigmoid flexure ; sausage-shaped roll, sigmoid sausage, i. spine, spina iliaca. i. tuberos'ity, tuberositas iliaca. ili'acus. Musculus iliacus. lliadel'phus [L. ilium + G. adelphos, brother.] A monster single above but double from the pelvis down. iliocapsula'ris muscle. Iliacus minor muscle, the external fibers of the iliacus muscle, inserted into the capsule of the hip-joint; they are often dis- tinctly separate from the rest of the muscle. iliococcygeal (il"!(-o-kok-sij'e-al). Relating to the ilium and the coccyx., noting the musculus ilio- coccygeus, composed of fibers of the levator ani attached to the coccyx. iliocolot'omy [L. ilium -H G. kolon, colon, -I- tome^ incision.] The .operation of opening into the colon in the Uiac, or inguinal, regipn. ILIOCOSTAL 486 IMBECILE iliocos'tal. Relating to the ilium and the ribs, noting muscles passing between the two parts. iliocosta'lis. Iliocostal; see musculus iliocostaUs. iliofem'oral. Relating to the ilium and the femur. i. lig'ament, see under Ugamentum. U"iohypogas'tric. Relating to the iliac and the hypogastric regions, i. nerve, nervus iliohypo- gastricus. ilioinguinal (il"I-o-ing'gwl-nal). Relating to the iliac region and the groin, i. nerve, nervus ilioinguinalis. iliolumbar (il-I-o-lmn'bar). Relating to the iliac and the lumbar regions.- i. ar'tery, arteria iliolumbalis. i. lig'ament, ligamentum ilio- lumbale,- 'the thickened anterior edge of the lumbar fascia, extending from the tip of the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra to the inner lip of the iliac crest. iliopectineal (il'1-o-pek-tin'e-al) [L. ilium + f eaten, comb (crest'bf the pubes).] Relating to the ilium and the pubes. 1. em'inence, a low, rounded ele- vation on the inner surface of the junction of the bodies of the pubes and ilium, i. fas'cia, a fascia formed by the union of the iliac and the pectineal fascias covering the floor of the i. fossa, i. fos'sa a deep depression between the iliacus and pectineus muscles in the thigh, i. lig'ament, the attachment of the iliac fascia to the i. emi- nence, i. line, terminal line, the line on the inner surface of the ilium fonning the dividing line between the true and the false pelvis. iUopel'vic. Relating to the iliac region and the cavity of the pelvis. iliopsoas muscle (il'1-o-so'as). The compound muscle formed by the iliacus and the psoas magnus, and sometimes the psoas parvus; the muscles occupy the posterior wall of the abdo- men and that of the false pelvis. iliosa'cral. Relating to the ilium and the sacnun, noting the musculus iliosacralis, composed of fibers of the levator ani muscle attached to the sacrum. iliosciatic (il"-!l-o-si-at'ik). Relating to the ilium and the ischium, i. notch, the great sciatic notch, incisura* ischiadica major. illospi'nal. Relating to the ilium and the spinal coliman. iliothoracopagus (il"I-o-tho-rS-kop'a-gus) [L. ilium -f- G. thorax, chest, + pagos, fixed.] A double monster in which union occurs through the ilia on one side and the sterna. iliotib'ial. Relating to the iliirai and the tibia, i, band, a wide, thick, fascial layer stretching from the iliac crest to the capsule of the knee-joint and the outer tuberosity of the tibia. iliotrochanteric (il'1-o-tro-kan-ter'ik). Relating to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. i. lig'ament, a thickening of the capsule of the hip- joint in the shape of a band extending from the anterior part of the dorsum of the acetabulum to the neck of the ffemur near the anterior end of the inner surface of the great trochanter. il'ium [L. flank.] i. The flank. 2. Os ilium or flank-bone. llkley Wells and Ben Rhydding, England. Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-oarbonated waters. Used by drinking in gout and rheumatism. The climate is bracing. ill. Sick, unwell. iUaqueation (il"a-kwe-a'shun) [L. illaqueare, to ensnare.] Pulling away an inverted eyelash by passing a loop of thread behind it. lllicium (il-lis'e-imi) [L. illicere, to allure, charm.] Chinese or star anise, the dried fruit of lllicium verum (not /. anisaium), an evergreen shrub or small tree of southern China; stimulant carmina- tive in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). illinition (il-in-ish'un) [L. illinire, to anoint.] Fric- tion of the surface made after the application of an ointment, to facilitate absorption. ill'ness. Disease. illumlna'tion [L. illuminare, to light up.] i. The lighting up of a cavity or surface for diagnostic purposes ; the lighting of the object under a micro- scope. 2. The amount of light thrown upon a body, especially upon the object being examined under a microscope, ax'ial i., i. of an object by rays of light in the direction of the axis of the microscope, direct' i., the i. of an objectunder the microscope by light faljing upon its upper surface. lat'eral i., oblique' i., the i. of an object imder the microscope by light thrown from one side. illusion (il-lu'zhun) [L. illudere, to mock.] A false perception, the mistaking of something for what it is not. , -When 1:his illusion is fixed and cannot be removed by evidence to the contrary it becomes a delusion. illu'sional. Relating to or of the nature of an illusion. Il'osvay rea'gent. Sulphanilic acid, 0.5, dissolved in dilute acetic acid,. 150, is mixed with naphthyl- amine, i dissolved in boiling water, 20 ; the Blue sediment which forms is dissolved in dilute acetic acid, 150; a few drops of this reagent added to water, saliva, or other fluid to be tested will produce a red color if nitrites are present. im'age [L. imago, likeness,] i. The representation or picture of an object made by the rays of light emanating or reflected from it. 2. A picturfe oi an object not present, produced in the mihd b) memory or imagination, acciden'tal i., after-i. after-i., the i. that persists in the retina after the object is no longer visible, direct i., virtual i. false i., the i. in the deviating eye in squint. invert'ed i., real i. mental i., image(2). neg'ative i., after-i. op'tical i., image (i). real i , one formed by the convergence of the actual rays of light from an object, ret'inal i., a real i. formed on the retina, vir'tual i., a picture formed by the projection of the rays on a mirror; it is perceptible to the eye but the rays have not been focussed and so the image cannot be thrown on a screen. imagina'tion. The power of the mind to form images. ima'go [L. image.] The last stage of an insect after it has completed all its metamorphoses through the egg, larva, and pupa. imbal'ance [L. «"«- neg. -f- bilanx, balance.] Lack of equality in power between opposing forces, noting specifically this lack in the ocular muscles, giving rise to strabismus or heterophoria. auto- nom'ic 1., autonomic ataxia, a lack of coordina- tion between the sympathetic and parasympa- thetic (autonomic) nervous systems, especially in relation to the vasomotor phenomena, sym- pathet'ic i,, vagotonia, vasomo'tor i,, auto- nomic i. imbecile (im'be-sil) [L. imbecillus, weak, silly.] i. Mentally deficient. 2. One who is congenitally weak-minded, yet not wholly incapable of educa- tion; a mental defective not advancing beyond the Binet* age of 7 years; see idiot and moron. moral 1,, amoralis, a person with pronounced mental defect who has strong vicious or criminal propensities little or not at all affected by pun- ishinent. IMBECILITY 487 IMPERFORATE imbecil'ity. Weak-mindedness. imbed'. To surround by firm material, such as wax or paraffin ; noting the treatment of an histologi- cal or pathological specimen preparatory to mak- ing sections of it for microscopical examination. imbibition (im"bl-bish'tm) [L. imbibere, to drink in. ] The absorption of fluid by a solid body without resultant chemical change in either. imbricate, imbricated (im'bri-kat, im'bri-ka-ted) [L. imbricare, to cover with tiles.] Overlapping like shingles. imbrica'tion. The operative overlapping of layers of tissue in the closure of wounds or the repair of defects. imide (im'id). A chemical compound derived from a dicarboxyUc, acid by the substitution of NH for 2OH, or one in which two hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule are replaced by a divalent acid radicle. imido-. A prefix denoting a compound containing the bivalent atom group (NH). Imlach's plug (imlak) [Francis Im-lach, Scotch physician, nineteenth century.] A lump of fatty tissue at the inner side of the external abdominal ring. immature (im-a-tur') [L. i»- neg. + maturus, ripe.] Not ftilly developed. imme'diate. Direct, acting from caiise to effect ■without any intervening steps in the process. immedicable (im-med'i-ka-bl) [L. in- neg. + med- icabilis, curable.] Incurable, beyond the reach of remedies. immer'sion [L. immergere, to dip in.] i. The placing of a body under water or other liquid. 2. Speci- fically, in microscopy, the use of an immersion- lens, homoge'neous i., the use of a fluid having the same refractive power as the immersion-lens. oil i., water i., see immersion-system. immer'sion-lens. The objective of a microscope, "which is separated from the object-glass by a thin layer of liquid, either oil or water. inuner'sion-sys'tem. The employment in micros- copy of a layer of liquid, either oil or water, between the object lens and the object to be examined, thereby correcting the dispersion and increasing the working distance. immiscible (im-mis^-bl). Incapable of mixing, as oil and water, for example. immobil'ity. . Chronic hydrocephalus in cattle. immo'bilize [L. in- neg. H- mobilis, movable.] To render fixed or incapable of moving. immobjliza'tion. The act of making immovable. Immune (im-miin') [L. immunis, free from service.] I. Free from the possibility of infection. :;. One who is exempt from an'inf ectious disease by reason either of having already had the disease or of being protected by an inoculation of the virus in minute dose or attenuated form. 1. bod'y, a specific antibody which combines with the bacterium or animal cell acting as antigen rendering it amena- ble to the lytic action of alexin or complement; amboceptor,* intermediary body, desmon, copula, preparator, substance sensibilatrice, fixator, philo- cytase, interbody, immunlsiru i. sys'tem, a combination of antigen or cells with amboceptor and complement. immunifa'cient [L. immunis, exempt, + faciens, making.] Making immune, said of a semelinci- dent disease or of a prophylactic serum or vaccine. Immu'nisin. Immune* body, amboceptor. immu'nitas [L.] Immunity. i. non sterili'sans, a condition in which there is immunity, natural or acquired, against a certain toxin although the organisms producing it continue in the body, as in the case of bacilli carriers. immu'nity [L. immunitas.] A state, natural or acquired, in which the body is resistant to disease. acquired' i., i. obtained by an individual in conse- quence of having suffered an attack of a patho- genic organism of normal or modified virulence, or of its toxin, and having overcome it (aciivei.), or as a result of the injection of the serum of an animal which has acquired an active immunity against the organism in question (passive i.); mixed i. is a succession of passive and active i. obtained by sero vaccination.* ac'tive i., see acquired i. ac'tual i., active i. lo'cal i., a, natural or acquired i. of certain regions, organs, or tissues, as of the muscles against tuberculosis. mixed i., see acquired i. nat'ural i., i. possessed by all the individuals of a class, by reason of age, racial peculiarity, or other general characteristic. pas'sive !., see acquired i. rel'ative i., an i. which may be due to a reduction of avidity of the body- cells for the specific poison, or to a deviation or loss of complement in the blood. immuniza'tion. The process of rendering immune. active i., the production of active immunity.* passive i., the production of passive immunity.* immunochemistiy '(im-mu"no-kem'is-trI). The chemistry of immunization; the chemical reac- tions following th6 injection of foreign substances, such as proteins and ferments, into the blood. ' immunol'ogy. The science which has to do with the phenomena of immunity. immunoprotein (im-u-no-pro'te-in). i. Immuno- toxin. 2. A bacteriolytic protein formed by the injection of attenuated bacterial cultures. immunotox'in. Antitoxin. immunotransfusion (im-mu-no-trans-fu'zhun). Indirect transfusion, in which the donor's blood is immunized in vitro by an autogenous vaccine from the patient, and then the serum separated from this immunized blood is trans- fused. Impact' [L. impactus; impingere, to strike on.] To press closely together so as to render im- movable. im'pact. The forcible striking of one body against another. impac'ted. ' Pressed closely together so as to be immovable, noting a fracture in which the jagged ends of the broken bone are wedged together. impac'tion. The process or condition of being impacted, dental i., confinement of a tooth in the alveolus and prevention of its eruption. impal'udism [L. in, in, + falus, a marsh.] Palu- dism. im'par [L.] Unpaired, azygous. imparidigitate (im-par-I-dij'I-tat) [L. impar, unequal, + digitus, finger.] Having an unequal number of fingers or toes, as man ; perissodactylous. imparipinn'ate [L. impar, unequal, -^ pinnaius, feathered-] In botany, noting a compound pin- nate leaf, tipped with a single leaflet. imper'ative [L. imperare, to command.] Obliga- tory, involuntary, not controllable by the will. i. con'cept, an idea or thought, usually of doubt or fear, which dominates one and governs his actions. imperato'ria. Oreoselinum. imperception (im-pur-sep'shun) [L. in-, not, -f- percipere, to perceive . ] Inability to form a men- tal picture of an object by combining the sensa- tions arising therefrom; lack of perception. imper'forate [L. im- neg. + per, through, -f- forus, a gangway.] Without an opening, closed. IMPERIAL DRINK 488 IN ARTICULO MORTIS impe'rial drink. Potus imperialis. imper'meable [L. im- neg. + permeare, to pass through.] Impenetrable, impervious to fluids. imper'Tious [L. im- neg. + per, through, + via, way.] Impenetrable, impassable. impetiginization (im-pe-tij"in-i-za'shun). The occurrence of impetigo lesions upon an area of some preexisting dermatosis. impetiginous (im-pe-tij'in-us). Relating to impe- tigo. impetigo (im-pe-ti'go) [L. impetere, to attack.] An eruption of pustules, which soon rupture or be- come crusted, occurring chiefly on the face around the mouth and nostrils, caused by infection with pus microorganisms; it is variously qualified as simplex, contagiosa, vulgaris, sireptogenes, staphylo- genes, or, according to the shape of the patches caused by grouping of the lesions, circinata, gyrata, or figurata. Bock'hart's i., a form involv- ing chiefly the hair-follicles, i. bullo'sa. i. with lesions of large size, forming bulls, i. contagio'sa, an eruption of flattish vesicles becoming pustules, contagious in character, i. contagio'sa bullo'sa, Corlett's* pyosis. i. eczemato'des, eczema pustulosum. i. herpetifor'mis,' an eruption of small, closely aggregated pustules, developing upon an inflammatory base, accompanied by severe general symptoms, and terminating fatally as a rule. i. prima'rum via'rum, sprue (2). i. syphilit'ica, a. pustular syphilide. i. variolo'sa, a pustular eruption sometimes seen late in the course of the smallpox exanthem. implant' [L. im-, in, -t- plantare, to plant.] To graft, to insert. implanta'tion. The insertion of a natural tooth into an artificially constructed alveolus. impon'derable [L. irru- neg. -I- pondus, weight.] Very light, having little or no weight. im'potence, im'potency [L. im- neg. + potentia, power.} "Weakness, lack of power; specifically, lack of power, in the male, to copulate. impotentia (im-po-ten'shi-ah). Impotence. i. coeun'di, inability of the male to perform the sexual act. i. erigen'di, impotence due to absence of the power of eraation. impreg'nate [L. im-, in, + prcsgnans, with child.] I. To fecundate, to cause to conceive. 2. To saturate, to permeate with another substance. impregna'tion. i. Fecundation, the act of making pregnant. 2. Saturation. impres'sio [L] Impression; a mark seemingly made by pressure of one body on another, i. cardi'aca [BNA], a depression on the superior area of the parietal surface of the liver corre- sponding to the position of the heart, i. col'ica [BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver anteriorly, corresponding to the situation of the hepatic flexure and beginning of the transverse colon, i. deltoid'ea, tuberositas* deltoidea. i. digita'ta[BNA], digi- tate impression.* i. duodena'lis [BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver alongside the gall-bladder, marking the situation of the duodenum, i. gas'trica [BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the left lobe of the liver corresponding to the location of the stomach, i. oesophage'a [BNA], esophageal groove, the marking of the esophagus on the ! back part of the left lobe of the liver, i, petro'sa pall'ii [BNA], a shallow impression on the infe- rior surface of the cerebral hemisphere made by the superior angle of the pyramid, i. rena'lis [BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver, in which lies the right kidney, i. suprarena'lis [BNA], a hollow on the under surface of the right lobe of the 'i'^^r, adjoining the fossa venae cavae, in which lies the right suprarenal body. i. trigem'ini [BNA], trigeminal impression, a depression on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, near the apex, lodging the semilunar (Gasserian) ganglion of the trigeminal nerve. impres'sion [L. impressio; imprimere, to press in.] 1. A mark seemingly made by pressure of one structure or organ upon another; see impressio. 2. An effect produced upon the mind by some external object acting through the organs of sense. 3 . An imprint of the jaw, teeth (if present), and roof of the mouth, made in wax or other plastic material, used as a mould for a plaster cast of the mouth, dig'itate i., one of the depres- sions on the upper surface of the orbital plates of the frontal bone, in the anterior cranial fossa, alternating with elevations, the juga cerebralia. mater'nal i., a strong emotion or shock, experi- enced by a pregnant woman, supposed to be the cause of a malformation or surface marking of the fetus; also this lesion or malformation supposed to result from the mental impression of the mother. impres'sion-cup, impres'sion-tray. A receptacle for I holding the wax or other material used in taking an impression of the mouth parts. im'pulse [L. impellere, to push on.] i. A sudden pushing or driving force, i. A sudden, often unreasoning, determination to perform some act. mor'bid i., one which drives a person to commit some act, notwithstanding his efforts to restrain himself. Impul'sive. Relating to or actuated by an impulse, rather than controlled by reason, i. act, one which is done consciously, but under the influence of a morbid impulse which one is unable to resist. In. Chemical symbol of indium. in- [L.] I. A prefix conveying a sense of negation; tm-, not. 2- A prefix denoting in, within, inside. 3. A prefix denoting an intensive action. 4. TG. is (in-), fiber.] A prefix denoting fibrous tissue or fibrin. inac'tion. Inactivity, rest; lack of response to a stimulus. inactivate (in-ak'ti-vat). To render inactive, said of a serum when its contained complement is being destroyed. inactiva'tion. Rendering inactive or inert, noting, for example, the loss of activity of serum contain- ing both ambocepter and complement when it is heated to about 55° C. (131° F.) for half an hour. inactose (in-ak'toz). A sugar having no polariz- ing action in either direction; it is found in certain plants. inadequacy (in-ad'e-kwa-sl) [L. in- neg. + adcBquare, to be equal.] Insufficiency, the condition of being unequal to the performance of the work demanded; incompetence, hepatic i., renal i., ■ valvular i., etc., see under insufficiency. inalimen'tal. Innutritious, unfit for food. inan'imate. ±. Not animate, not alive. 2. Dull, lifeless. inanition (in-an-ish'un) [L. inanis, empty.] Ex- haustion from lack of food or defect in assimila- tion. inapp'etence [L. in- neg. -I- appetere, to long for.] Lack of desire or of craving. inartic'ulate. Not in the form of intelligible speech, not articulate; speechless. in artic'ulo mor'tis [L. articulus, moment; mors, death.] At the moment of death. INASSIMILABLE 489 INCISURA [nassim'ilable. Not assimilable, not capable of being appropriated for the nutrition of the body. tnax'on [G. is{in~), fiber, + axon, axis.] An axis- cylinder process which gives off no dendrites for a long distance after leaving the neuron. tn'bom. Innate, implanted during development in utero, referring to certain anomalies of develop- ment, mental traits, or constitutional peculiarities-, distinguished from congenital, Lxini)reeding. Breeding from animals of the same parentage or of the same near ancestry. Incandescent (in-kan-des'ent) [L. incandescere, to begin to glow.] White hot. incarcerated (in-kar'sur-a-ted) [L. in, in, + career, jail. ] Confined, imprisoned, noting, for ex- ample, an irreducible hernia. incarcera'tion. Imprisonment, confinement. inca'rial bone. Os incse. incar'nant [L. incarnare, to make flesh.] Promoting or accelerating the granulation of a wound. incar'native. Incamant. in'cident [L. incidere, to fall into, to meet with.] 1. Occurring, happening with. 2. Falling or im- pinging upon. 3. Going toward, afferent. inciden'tal. i. Of the nature of an incident or happening, not occurring regularly. 2. Afferent. i. color, a color the impression of which remains fixed on the retina after the object causing it is no longer present. 1. image, an image the impres- sion of which remains on the retina after the object has been removed. inclnera'tion [L. incinerare, to bum to ashes.] Cremation, complete destruction of all organic matter by fire, Incip'ient [L. incipere, to begin.] Just beginning. incisal (in-si'zal) [L. incidere, to cut into.] Relat- ing to the cutting edges of the incisor and cuspid teeth. incise' \L, incidere^ to cut into.] To cut with a knife. incision (in-sizh'un), A cut, a division of the soft parts made vnth. a knife. inci'sive. i. Cutting, having the power to cut. a. Relating to the incisor teeth. inci'sor [L. incidere, to cut into.] One of the cut- ting teeth, or incisor teeth, four in niimber in each jaw at the apex of the dental arch. incisu'ra[L. a cutting into.] i. Incision, a. Notch. 1. acetaVuli [BNA], acetabular notch, cotyloid notch; a gap at the lower part of the margin of the acetabulum opposite the obturator foramen. i. ante'riof au'ris, anterior notch of the ear, a notch between the tuberculum supratragicum and the spina helicis. 1. ap'icis cor'dis [BNA], an angular notch in the lower part of the anterior border of the left lung. I. cardi'aca [BNA], the cardiac notch on the ante- rior border of the lower part of the upper lobe of the left lung, giving space for the pericardium. i . cartilag'inis mea'tus acus'tici exter'ni fB N A], notch in the cartilage of the external acoustic meatus. i. Santorini, one of (usually) two vertical fissures in the anterior portion of the cartilage of the external auditory meatus, filled by fibrous tissue. i. cereberii ante'rior [BNA], anterior notch of the cerebellum, semilunar notch, a wide, shallow notch on the anterior surface of the cerebellum occupied by the brachia conjunctiva and the inferior quadrigeminal bodies. 1. cereberii poste'rior [BNA], posterior notch of the cerebellum, marsupial notch, a narrow notch between the cerebellar hemispheres posteriorly, occupied by the fabc cerebelli. i. clavicula'ris[BNA], the clavicular notch or facet, a hollow at either side of the upper surface of the manubrium sterni articulating with the clavicle. i. costa'Hs [BNA], one of the notches or facets on the lateral edge of the sternum for articulation with a rib. i. ethmoida'lis [BNA], ethmoidal notch, an oblong space between the orbital parts of the frontal bone in which the ethmoid bone is lodged. i. fibula'ris [BNA], fibular notch, a hollow on the outer surface of the lower end of the tibia, in which the lower end of the fibtda rests. I . fronta'lis [BNA], frontal notch; (i) a small notch on the orbital margin of the frontal bone, to the inner side of the supraorbital notch; (2) nasal notch (i). i. interarytEBnoid'ea[BNA], the posterior portion of the aditus laryngis between the two arytenoid car- tilages. i. intertrag'ica [BNA], intertragic notch, the deep notch at the lower part of the auricle between the tragus and the antitragus. i. Ischiad'ica ma'jor [BNA], great sciatic notch, iliosciatic notch, a deep indentation on the posterior border of the innominate bone at the point of union of the ilium and ischium. i. ischiad'ica mi'nor [BNA], lesser sciatic notch, sac- rosciatic notch; an indentation on the posteriot border of the ischium just below the sciatic spine. i. jugula'ris [BNA], (i) a deep notch in front of the jugular process of the occipital bone, forming part of the foramen lacerum posterius; (2) the notch on the upper border of the sternum between the clavicular notches, prestemal notch. i. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal notch, the notch on the internal margin of the orbital surface of the max- illa which receives the lacrymal bone. i. mandib'ulse [BNAJ, sigmoid notch; a deep notch on the upper edge of the ramus of the mandible between the condyle and the coronoid process. i. mastold'ea [BNA], mastoid notch, digastric fossa or groove. i. nasalis (i) [BNA] nasal notch, the large defect in the anterior border of the maxilla which, with its fellow, forms the apertura pyriformis or anterior open- ing of the nasal fossae; (2) nasal border, margo nasalis [BNA], the articular surface between the two internal angular processes of the frontal bone, which articulates with the nasal and superior maxillary bones. i. pancre'atis [BNA], a notch separating the left half of the head of the pancreas from the neck. i. parietalis [BNA], parietal notch, an angle between the squamous and mastoid portions of the temporal bone. i. radia'lis [BNA], radial notch, lesser or small sigmoid cavity of the ulna; a concavity on the outer side of the coronoid process, articulating with the rim of the head of the radius. i. Rivi'ni, notch of Rivinus, i. tympanica. i. Santori'ni, incisura cartUaginis meatus acustict extemi. i. scap'ulfle [BNA], scapular or suprascapular notch, a notch, occasionally a foramen, on the upper border of the scapula, transmitting the suprascapular nerve. i. sexniluna'ris [BNA], semilunar notch, greater sigmoid cavity; a large semicircular notch at the upper extremity of the ulna, formed by the olecranon and coronoid processes, which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. i. sphenopalati'na [BNA], sphenopalatine notch, a deep notch between the orbital and sphenoidal proc- esses of the palate bone, which is converted into the foramen of the same name by the under surface of the sphenoid. i . Bupraorbita'lis [B N A], supraorbital notch ; a groove in the orbital margin of the frontal bone, about the junction of the inner and middle thirds, through which pass the supraorbital nerve and artery. i. tento'rii [BNA], notch of the tentorium. Pacchion- ian foramen, a notch on the anterior border of the tentorium in which lie the pons and the quadrigeminal plate of the cerebrum. . termina'lis au'ris [BNA], terminal notch of the auricle, a deep notch separating the lamina tragica and cartilage of the external auditory meatus from the main auricular cartilage, the two being connected below by the isthmus. i. thyreold'ea infe'rior [BNA], a shallow notch at INCISURA 490 INCUS the lower part of the anterior border of the thyroid cartilage. , i, thyreoid'ea supe'rior [BNA], a deep notch in the upper portion of the anterior border of the thyroid cartilage. i. trag'ica, i. intertragica. i. tympan'ica [BNA], tympanic notch, i. Rivini, the defect in the upper portion of the long tympanic ring, between the greater and lesser tympanic spines; it is filled in by Shrapnell's membrane. i. ulnaVis [BNA], ulnar notch, sigmoid cavity of the radius, a concave surface on the inner side of the lower extremity of the radius articulating with the head of the ulna. i. umbilica'lis [BNA], umbilical notch, a notch in the lower border of the liver, corresponding to the ower attachment of the falciform ligament and noting the beginning of the fossa vense umbilicalis. i. vertebra'lis [BNA], vertebral or intervertebral notch, one of the four concavities above (i.v. superior or minor) and below (i.v. inferior or major) the root of the pedicle of the vertebra on either side; the notches of the two adjacent vertebrge form a foramen through which pass the spinal nerve-roots. incisure (in-si'zhur) [L. incisura.] An incision or notch; see incisura. inclina'tion. In dentistry the deviation of the long axis of a tooth from the perpendicular. inclinom'eter [L. incUnere, to incline, + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the direction of the ocular axes. inclu'sion [L. inclusus; includere, to inclose.] i. Any foreign or heterogenous substance contained in a cell or in any tissue or organ, not introduced as a result of trauma, a. The process by which a foreign or heterogenous structure is misplaced in another tissue, cell i., a foreign body of sub- stance contained within a cell, fe'tal i., a twin monstrosity in which the incompletely devel- oped parasite is wholly inclosed within the autosite. i, blennorrhe'a, ophthalmia neona- torum caused by the presence of Chlamydozoa..* i. bod'y, nucleoid. incoercible (in-ko-ur'sl-bl) [L. in- neg. + coercer'e} to restrain.] Impossible to control, to restrain, or to stop.' incohe'rent [L. in- neg. + cohcerere, to stick together.] Not coherent, disjointed, confused, .incompatible [L. in- neg. + con-, with, + pati; to suffer.] Not capable of being mixed without undergoing destructive chemical change or acting antagonistically, said of thfe elements in a wrongly constructed pharmaceutical mixture. incompatibil'liy. The quality of being incompatible. chem'ical i., a form in which the substances, when mixed, combine to form a new chemical compound, physiolog'ical i., a form in which the substances in the mixture exert opposing' physio- logical actions, therapeu'tic i., physiological i. iiicompensa'tion. Lack of compensation. incom'petence, Incom'petency [L, in- neg. + com- petere, to suit.] InsufKciency, inadequacy, the quality of being incompetent of incapable of performing the task allotted. mus'cular • i., imperfect closure of an anatomically normal ' cardiac valve, in consequence of defective action of the papillary muscles, pylor'lc i., a patulous state or want of tone of the pylorus which allows, of the passage of food into the intestine before gastric digestion is completed, rel'atlve i., imper- fect closure of a cardiac valve, in consequence of excessive dilatation of the corresponding cavity of the heart, val'vular i., a leaky state of one or more of the cardiac valves, the valve not closing tightly and blood therefore regurgitating when the chamber contracts. incompress'ible. Incapable of being compressed , into smaller bulk. incon'tinence [L. in- neg. +coniinere. to contain, to stop.] I. Inability to prevent the discharge of ' any of the excretions, especially of urine or feces. 2. Lack of restraint of the appetites, especially of the sexual appetite, active i., a discharge of urine or feces in the normal way at intervals, but involuntarily, i. of milk, galactorrhea, i. of urine, enuresis, passive i., dribbling of urine by reason of inability of the bladder to empty itself and of consequent overdistention. incoordination (in-ko-or-di-na'shun). Lack of coordination, or of harmonious working together of the various muscles concerned in the execution of more or less complicated movements. incor'porate [L. in, into, -I- corpus, body.] To combine two or more substances into a homo- geneous mass. incorpora'tion [L. in, into, + corpus, body.] The act of incorporating or the condition of being incorporated. in'crement [L. incremenium; increscere, to increase.] 1. The act of increasing. 2. An increase, an addition. incrusta'tibn [L. in, on, + crusta, crust.] i. The . formation of a crust or a scab. 2. A coating of some adventitious material or an exudate; a scab incubation (in-ku-ba'shun) [L. incubare, to lie in or on.] i. The keeping of bacterial or protozoan ; cultures in an incubator to favor their develop- ment, -ji. The maintenance of a premature or/ marantic infant in a couveuse. 3. The develop- ment of an infectious disease from the period of j infection to that of the appearance of the first, symptoms. 4. The passing of the night in a , 1 temple, , church, ,shrine, etq., as a, means of obtaining a ctire of disease, pe'riod or stage of i., j the latent or silent stage of an inf ectipus disease ; j intervening between the moment of infection and ! the appearance of the prodromal symptoms. i [In'cubator. i. A cabinet in, which a uniform tem- . j)erature of any desired degree can be maintainedi, ;. ' used for keeping bacterial cultures. 2. A box- like construction with glass sides, with a ventilat- ; ; ing apparatus for the supply of an abimdance of pure air at body temperature, designed for the protection of prematurely bom infants. • in'cubus [L. incubare, to sit or lie upon.] Nightmare. in'cudal. Relating to the incus, i. fold, a fold of mucous membrane 'in the tympanum passing from the long limb of the incijs to the posterior wall of the. cavity. , i. fossa, a shallow groove in , the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity in which the short limb of the incus is fastened. incudec'tomy [L. incus, anvil, + G. ektome, excis- ion.] Removal of the incus of the tympanum. incudiform (in'ku-dl-form) [L. incus (incud-), anvil, + forma, form.] Shaped like an anvil, incu'dius. Laxator tympani. incu"domaU'eal. Relating to the incus and the malleus, noting the articulation between the anvil and the hammer in the tympanum. incu"dostape'dial. Relating td the incus and the stapes, noting the articulation between the anvil and the stirrup in the tympanum. Incurable (in-ku'ra-bl). Not curable, immedicable. incurva'tion. An inward curvature; a bending inward. In'cus, gen. incu'dis [L.] Anvil, the middle of the three ossicles in the tympanum, comparable in shape to a bicuspid tooth; it has a body {corpus incudis) and two limbs or processes {cms longum INCUS 491 INDICATIO and cms breve) ; at the tip of the long limb is a small knob, processus lenticularis, which articu- lates with the head of the stapes. indagation (in-da-ga'shun) [L., indagare, to search.] An examination or investigation ; specifically, the determination of the condition of the genital parts at the termination of the puerperium preliminary to the discharge of the patient. indehiscent (in-de-his'ent). In botany, noting a fruit or seed-pod which does not split open natur- ally to discharge the seeds. indenization (in-den-i-za'shim) [in -f denizen.] In- nidiation. indenta'tion. j.. The act of notching or pitting, j. A notch. 3. A state of being notched. in'dex, gen. in'dicis, pi. in'dices [L. an indicator.] i. The second finger (the thumb being counted as the first), forefinger, or pointing finger. 3. A number denoting the relation, in respect of size, capacity, or function, of one part or thing to another, the latter being usually taken as i or 100. 3. A list of subjects, with page references, treated of in a book. alve'olar i., gnathic i.; basilar i. antitryp'tic i., see antitryptic. auric'ular i., relation of the width to the height of width of pinna xioo the aunde or pinna, or — j -r — t — -. . length of pinna bas'ilar i., ratio between the basialveolar line and the maximum length of the cranium, according to the basialveolar line xioo fP^"l^ .length of. -; alveolar i. [ cranium cal'cium I., see under BelVs * method. . cephal'ic i.^ the .ratio of the maximum breadth to the .,^lax,unum length pf the skull, obtained by the formula breadth, xioo length cephalo-or'bital l.» the ratio of the cubic content of the two orbits to that of the cranial cavity multiplied ■by 100. cer' ebral i., an i. obtained by the same formula as the cephalic i., the measurements being taken between the inner surfaces of the cranium. col'or i., a figure indicating the amount of hemoglobin per erythrocyte; blood quotient. den'tal i., relation of the dental length (distance from the anterior surface of the first premolar to the posterior surface of the third molar) to the basinasial „ . , . V , X, dental length xioo (basion to nasion) length = basinasial length " empath^ici.t see empathic. endem'ic i., the percentage of children infected with malaria or other endemic disease, in any given locality. fascial i., reUtion of the length of the face to its max- imum width between the ih'alar prominences; to get the superior facial i. , the length is measured f rdm the nasion or ophryon to the alveolar point = ophryo-alveolar (nasialveolar) length xioo , .; -^ — i r-. ^^ 7: rrrr ' ; for the ■ bizygomatic width total facial i., the mandible is included in the length, measured from the nasion or ophryon to the mental . . , ophryomental (nasimental) length xioo tubercle, = -^ — r-. — "^^ r- .j., . bizygomatic width. gnath'ic i., relation between the basialveolar (basion to alveolar point) and basinasial (basion to nasion) lengths, the latter being taken as ioo = basialveolar length xioo , basinasal length ' degree of projection of the upper jaw; alveolar i. height-length i., vertical i, hemore'nal salt i., the, ratio of the quantity of inor- ganic salts in the urine to that of the inorganic salts in the blood; a figure obtained by dividing the electrical resistance of the blood by that of the urine; it varies from 3 to s in health. length-breadth i., cephalic x. length-height i., vertical i. na'sal i., relation* of the greatest width of the nasal aperture to the length of a line from the nasion to the the result indicates the width = lower border of the nasal aperture, the former being , , nasal width xroo regarded as loo: = • — tt — ^—rz — • nasal height bpson'ic i,p see opsonic. or'bital i., relation of the height of the orbit to its orbital height xioo orbital width pal'atal or pal'atine i., palatomaxillary i. pal'''atoma3c'illary i., relation of the palatomaxillary width, measured between the outer borders of the alveolar arch just above the middle of the second molar tooth, and the palatomaxillary length, measured rom the alveolar point to the middle of a transverse line touching the posterior borders of the two maxiUee = palatomaxillary width xioo .^ ^ ^, ^—r rn 1 — —z ; it notes the varying palatomaxillary length forms of the dentary arcade and palate. phagocytic i., see phagocytic. pel'vic i., the ratio of the conjugate to the transverse diameter of the pelvis. refrac'tive 1,, the ratio of refractive power of any , medium to that of the air, the latter being taken as unity, or i. j ea'cral i., a ratio obtained by multiplying the ' breadth of the sacrum by loo and dividing by the length. thorac'ic i.f the ratio of the anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of the thorax. \ tibiofem'oral i., the ratio of the length of the tibia i to that of the femur. Tcr'tical 1., the relation of the height to the length of the skull, the latter being represented by i oo = height XIOO length ' , vol'ume i., the relation between the number and the volume of the red cells. zygomat^'icoauric'ular i., the ratio between the zygomatic and the auricular diameters of the skull. In'dian hemp. Cannabis indica. I. meth'od, (i) a method of extraction of a cataract in the cap- sule by expression, devised by Lt. Col. Henry Smith of Jelltmdur, Punjab, India; (2) rhino- plasty by means of <± skin flap taken from the- forehead. I. sick'ness, epidemic gangrenous proctitis. I, tobac'co, lobelia. In'dian Min'eral Springs, Texas. Saline waters. Used in drinking in various conditions of debility. The entire year. 1 1n'dian Springs, Georgia, Saline-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in certain dropsical affections and ill diseases of the urinary apparatus. In'dian Springs, Indiana. Alkaline-saline-chalyb- eate-carbonated-sulphureted waters. Used by drinkinig in various disorders. Indiaji'a Mia'eral Springs and Mud Baths, Indiana. . Watei s contain salts of magnesium, sodium, lithium, calcium, potassium, silicon , sulphuric, .hydrochloric, and carbonic acids. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, hemi- plegia, eczema, renal and bladder affections. in'dia-nibb'er. Caoutchouc. in'dican. i. The mother substance of indigo-blue, a yellowish or colorless syrupy glucoside, CjgHsi-, ^ NO17. 2. Indoxyl ' siilphate, C,H(,NSOaOH, a ' substance found in ,the sweat and in variable amotmt in the urine. indicanidrosis ,(in"dI-kan-i-dro'sis) [G. hidroSf sweat.J , ', Excretion of indican in the sweat. : in'dicant [L. indicare, to point out.] i. Pointing ! out, indicating. 2. An indication; especially a, symptom indicating the proper line of treat- ment. indicanuria (in"di-kan-u'rif-ah). The presence in the ( urine of an excess of indican, derived from indole produced in protein putrefaction in the intestine . and in putrefactive changes elsewhere. indica'tio [L.] Indication, i. causa'lis, causal INDICATIO 492 INEMIA, IN/EMIA indication, one afforded by a knowledge of the «cause of the disease, i. mor'bi, disease indication, specific indication, that afforded by the diagnosis, as the indication for the administration of quinine furnished by the diagnosis of malaria, i. symp- tomat'ica, symptomatic indication, that furnished by the symptoms of the disease. indica'tion [L. indicaiio; indicate, to point out.] A suggestion or pointer as to the proper treatment of a disease ; it may be furnished by a knowledge of the caiise (causal i.), by the symptoms present .(symptomatic i.), or by the nature of the disease (specific i.) ; see indicatio. in'dicator [L. indicate, to show.] In chemical anal- ysis a substance which renders visible the comple- tion of a reaction ; the color change in litmus, for example, denotes the formation of an acid or alkali or the neutralization of a solution, com'plex i,, in psychoanalysis, anything or any occurrence that reveals the working of a complex. 1. muscle, musculus* extensor indicis proprius. indicophose (in'di(-ko-foz) [G. indikon, indigo, -|- phos, light.] A phose of blue color. Indiella (in-di-el'lah) . A genus of fungi, secreting no pigment, several species of which are causa- tive of a non- pigmented form of mycetoma, the so-called white mycetoma; the several species are I. man'soni, I. rey'nieri, and /. somalien'sis, indifi'erent [L. in- neg. + dijferre, to differ.] 1. Tending in neither direction, having no particular affinity, neutral. 2. Undifferentiated, i. cells, i. tissue, undifferentiated, non-specialized, embry- onic cells or tissue. indigenous (in-dij'en-us) [L. indigenus, bom in.] Native, natural to the country where found. indiges'tible. Not digestible. indigestion (in-di-jes'chun) [L. in- neg.] Failure of proper elaboration of the food in the alimentary tract. as'tric 1., dyspepsia. Indigitation (in-dij-i-ta'shun) [L. in, in, + digitus, finger.] i. The mode of union of tendon or aponeurosis with muscle by the mutual interlock- ing of fibers. < 2. Invagination. 3. Intussus- ception. in'digo [G. indikon, Indian.] A blue dye-stuff obtained from Indigofera tinctoria, and other species of /.; was formerly employed in the treat- ment of nervous and menstrual disorders in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0). i. car'mine, sodium indi- gotindisulphonate (U.S.), employed as a test for sugar in the urine and as a stain in microscopy. Indigouria, indiguria (in'di-go-u'ri-ah, in-dl-gu'ri- ah). The presence of indigo in the urine. indirect'. Not direct, not immediate. in4i8crini'inate [L. in- neg. + discrimen, separation, distinction.] Confused, promiscuous, having rela- tion to various unrelated parts, indispoBition (in-dis-po-zish'un). A slight illness, malaise. in'dium [indigo, because it gives a blue line in the spectrum.] A metallic element, symbol In, atomic weight 1 1 4 . 8 ; it is malleable and of a silvery white color. in'doform. Trade name of a preparation said to be a mixture of formaldehyde with salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid. in'dol, in'dole. Ketol, a crystalline substance, C,H,N, derivable from indigo; it is formed in the intestine during protein putrefaction and also occurs during the pancreatic digestion of proteins. Indolaceturia (in-dol-as-6-tu'ri-ah). The excretion of an appreciable amount of indolacetic acid in the urine. in'dolent [L. in- neg. -h dolere, to feel pain.] Inac- tive, sluggish; painless or nearly so. indologenous (in-dol-oj'en-us) [indol + G. gennad, I produce.] Producing or causing the production of indol. indox'yl. An oily liquid, C.HjNO, found sometimes in the urine in apparent health, i. sul'phate, indican. Indozyluria (in-doks-il-u'ri-ah). The excretion of indoxyl. especially indoxyl sulphate, in the lU'ine ; indioanuria. induce (in-diis') [L. inducere, to lead in.] i. To produce, to cause. 2. To produce by electric or magnetic induction, induced' cur'rent, faradic* current. induction (in-duk'shun). i. Production or causa- tion, a. The production of an electric current or magnet in ,a body by electricity or magnetism in another body in close proximity to it. 3. A modification imposed upon the offspring by the action of environment on the germ cells of one or both parents. 4. Therapeutic suggestion,* neuroinduction. i. coil, an apparatus for the induction of -a. secondary electrical current; it consists of a coil of comparatively few turns of copper wire, outside of which is (insulated from it) a coil of many turns of a very fine wire; through the inner coil is passed an interrupted current and every time the current opens or closes an induction current is generated in the outer coil. in'dulln. A coal-tar dye used as a stain in histology and bacteriology. indulinophil, indulinophile (in-du-lin'o-fil, in-du- lin'o-fil) [indulin + G. philos, fond.] Taking an indulin stain readily. in'durated [L. in- intensive -t- durus, hard.] Hard- ened. indura'tion. 1. The process or act of h'rdening. 2 A spot or area of hardened tissue, brown i., proliferation of the fibrous tissue of the lungs, with increased pigmentation, in certain cases of valvular disease of the heart, cyanot'ic i., hardening of an organ due to chronic venous congestion with fibrous thickening of the venous walls, fi'broid i., cirrhosis, gran'ular i., cirrho- sis, gray i., non-pigmented hardening of the lung after pnexmionia. Uun'inate i., a very thin sheet of round-cell infiltration of the corium forming the basis of a chancre, parch'ment i., the same as laminate i., but somewhat thicker. red i., congestion of the lungs. In'duratiTe. Relating to, causing, or marked by induration or hardening. indusium, pi. indu'sia (in-du'zl-um) [L. a tunic] i. The amnion, j. In botany, the epidermis or out- growth of the leaf covering the sporangium in ferns. 1. gris'eum, a thin layer of gray matter on the upper surface of the corpus callosum. Inebriant (in-e'bri-ant) [L. inebriare, to intoxi- cate.] I. Making drunk, intoxicating, z. An intoxicant. inebria'tion. Intoxication, the state of being drunk. inebriety (in-e-bri'e-tl) [L. in- intensive + ebrietas, drunkenness.] The habitual indulgence in alco- holic beverages in poisonous amount. inefiec'tual. Ineificient, inadequate, not producing the desired result. Inefflca'cious. Inefficient, ineffectual. inefficient (in-S-fish'ent) [L. in- neg. + facere, to make.] Ineffectual, powerless to produce the de- sired effect, inefficacious. Inemia, insemia (in-e'mt-ah) [G. is(in)-, fiber, -^- haima, blood.] The presence of fibrin in the INEMIA, IN^MIA 493 INFLAMMATION blood, causing thrombosis and embolism; inose- mia, fibremia, fibiinemia. inert (in-urt') [L. iners, unskilful, sluggish.] I. Slow in action, sluggish. 2. Having no thera- peutic action, noting a drug. inertia (in-ur'shyah). i. The property of matter of remaining at rest or of continuing indefinitely in the motion imparted to it, unless acted upon by some impellin or retarding force. 2. Inactivity or lack of force, noting especially feebleness of the uterine contractions in labor, inertia uteri. in extre'mis [L. extremus, last.] At the point of death. in'fancy. i. The earliest period of extrauterine life, babyhood; roughly, the first two years of life. 2. In law, minority, the period prior to the twenty- first birthday, nat'ural i., the period of legal irre- sponsibility, embracing the first seven years of life. in'fant [L. infans, not speaking.] i. A child during the first two years of life, a babe. :<. In law, a minor, a person under twenty-one years of age. infan'ticide (L. infans (infant-), infant, + ccedere, to kill.] 1. The killing of an infant. 2. One who murders an infant. infantile (in'fan-til). Relating to an infant, i. li'ver, biliary cirrhosis* of children, i. paral'ysis, acute anterior poliomyelitis.* i. tet'anus, trismus nascentium, trismus neonatorum. infantilism (in-fan'til-izm) [L. infantilis, infantile.] A state marked by extremely slow development of mind and body, anangioplas'tic i.,' a type of idiopathic i., supposedly due to defective develop- ment of the general vascular system, cachec'tic i., a form of i., due apparently to chronic infection (malaria, tuberculosis, etc.), autointoxication, or chronic drug poisoning, dysthyroi'dal i., i. due to imperfect metabolism consequent upon defective secretion of the thyroid gland, hepat'ic i., a form associated with cirrhosis of the liver. idiopathic i., a type of arrested physical develop- ment of indefinite causation, regarded by some as synonymous with anangioplastic i. intes'tinal i., Herter type of i., a form associated with chronic intestinal trouble and possibly due to autointoxi- cation; the bodily development is arrested with slight mental retardation, the abdomen is dis- tended, there are frequent attacks of diarrhea, and fatigue, both bodily and mental, is induced by slight exertion, lymphat'ic i., Paltauf's nanism, a form associated with lymphatism. mjrxedem'- atous i., Brissaud type of i., infantile myxedema, cretinism, pancreat'ic i., a form associated with deficiency or absence of the pancreatic secretion. par'tial i., arrested development affecting a special tissue or organ, such as cryptorchism, a patent foramen ovale, etc. symptomat'ic i., symptoma- tic nanism.* toxe'niic i., intestinal i. univer'sal i., Lorain type of i., a form in which the stature is dwarfed, but all the parts are correctly propor- ,' tioned, and the physical development is otherwise ' normal except for the absence of the secondary sexual characteristics — change of voice, hairy development, etc. infarct (in'farkt) [L. infarcire, to stuff.] An area of coagulation necrosis resulting from the arrest of circulation in the artery supplying the part. ane'mic i., pale i. calca'reous i., a deposit of calcium salts in the connective tissue, hemor- rhag'ic i., red i. pale i., a whitish, bloodless area of necrosis caused by arrest of circulation in the terminal artery, or resulting from decolorization of a hemorrhagic i. red i., an area, red in color and swollen, the seat of hemorrhagic infiltration. uric-acid i., a plugging of the tubules of the kidney in the newborn with crystals of uric acid, white i., pale i. infarction (in-fark'shun). 1. Changes produced by embolic obstruction of an end-artery in an organ. 2. The area so affected, infarct. Infect' [L. inficere.] To cause infection. infec'tible. Capable of being infected infection (in-fek'shun). Invasion by living patho- genic microorganisms of a part of the body where the conditions are favorable to their growth and whence their toxins may gain access to, and act injuriously upon, the tissues. See conagion. endog'enous i., i. caused by normally non-patho- genic bacteria in the intestinal tract which have assumed a pathogenic character, fo'cal i.; a localized infection in the tonsils, tooth-sockets, or elsewhere, from which the microorganisms or their toxins are from time to time carried to other regions to produce other local or general systemic infections, mixed i., i. by more th&n one variety of pathogenic microorganisms. sec'ondary i., an i., usually septic, occurring in a person or animal already suffering from an i. of another nature, ter'minal i., an acute infec- tion, commonly pneumonic or septic, occurring toward the end of any disease (usually a chronic disease), and often the cause of death. infectiosity (in-fek-shi-osl-tl). Infectiousness. infectious (in-fek'shus). i. Capable of being trans- mitted by infection, with or without actual con- tact (see contagious'), n. Producing an infection, infective. 3. Noting a disease due to the action, of a microorganism, either animal or vegetable. infec'tive. Relating to an infection, infectious. infecun'dity. Sterility in woman, barrenness. infibulation (in-fib-u-la'shun) [L. in, in, + fibula, a clasp.] Stitching together the Hps of the vulva or of the prepuce in order to prevent copulation. infiltrate (in-fil'trat). i. To percolate, to enter or cause to enter the pores of a substance, noting a liquid. 2. Material which has permeated or infiltrated into the tissues. infiltra'tion. 1. The act of passing into or inter- penetrating a substance, cell, or tissue, said of gases, fluids, or matters held in solution. 2. The gas, fluid, or dissolved matter, which has entered any substance, cell, or tissue, ad'ipose i., fatty i. ceirular i., permeation of the tissues with round cells, fat'ty i., the deposit, in abnormal quantity, in the cytoplasm, of fat globules or granides not formed within the cell itself (which would be fatty degeneration), gelat'inous i., gray i. gray i., a grayish infiltration filling the alveoli of the lung in the neighborhood of tubercles. infin'ity [L. in- neg. + finis, end.] Infinite dis- tance.* infirm (in-furm') [L. in- neg. + firmus, strong.] Weak or feeble in consequence of old age or dis- ease. infirmary (in-fur'ma-rl). A small hospital. infirmity (in-fur'ml-tJ). An abnormal, more or less disabling, condition of mind or body. inflamma'tion [L.inflantmare; in, in, +flamma, flame.] A morbid change or series of reactions produced in the tissues by an irritant; it is marked by an afflux of blood with exudation of plasma and leucocytes. The sensible phenomena indicating inflammation are mainly redness,, heat, pain, and swelling — rubor, calor, dolor, et tumor of the older writers — ^none of which, ho'vyever, is an essential sign of, this condition; the redness and heat ^e^ phenomena of congestion, the pain and spelling INFLAMMATION 494 INFUNDIBULO-OVARIAN are the result of congestion combined usually with exudation, adhe'sive i., the slight phenom- ena of reaction occurring whep a wound heals by first intention, atroph'ic i., a chronic i. attended with an exudate of fibrinous material, the sub- sequent contraction of which leads to compression and atrophy of the tissues and cells, catarrh 'al i., inflammation, chiefly of the mucous membranes, characterized by proliferation, degeneration, and desquamation of the epithelial elements, with an i;icreased watery, and mucous secretion, croup- ous j., acute i. attended with an exudation of fibrinous matter which spreads out into a tough, adherent membrane, or forms a mass of granular material, ex'udative i., i. accompanied by the presence of an exudate consisting of serum, fibrin, and pus. fi'brinous i., croupous i. fibroid i., atrophic i. hyperplast'ic i., productive i. inteisii'tial i., i. characterized by hyperplasia of the supporting fibrous tissue of the part, necrot'ic i., i. accompanied by the death of more or less of the involved tissues, parenchy'matous i., i., largely degenerative in character, affecting the special functioning cells of an organ, produc'tive i., i. accompanied by the formation of new tissue, with or without an exudate, serous i., an i. of the serous membranes, accompanied by a pro- fuse exudation of serous fluid. inflamm'atory. Relating to, marked by, or the result of inflammation. infla'tion [L. in, in, -I- flare, to blow.] Distention of a part by a liquid or a gas. inflec'tion, inflex'ion [L. in, in, -I- flectere, to bend.] I. An inward bending, diffraction, a. A change of tone or pitch in the voice. inflorescence (in"flor-es'ens) [L. inflorescere, to begin to blossom.] The structure of a, flower-cluster, including the presence or absence of flower-stalks, and, when present, their relative lengths and relation to each other, definite i., cymose i., one in which the oldest flower is in the center, its axis ceasing to grow, while the younger flowers grow up around it. indefinite i., racemose i., one in which the youngest flowers are in the cen- ter, overtopping the older lateral branches. influenza (in-flu-en'zah) [It. influence.] The grip; an acute infectious disease possibly caused by Pfeiffer's bacillus, characterized by fever, catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory or gastroenteric tract, or profound nervous disturbances marked by headache, insomnia, convulsions, delirium, neuritis, or mental depression. Three chief types are recognized; respiratory, gastroenteric, and nervous, ac- cording as the symptoms referable to one or another of these systems predominate; serious affection of the circulatory system is also a fre- quent complication or sequel. It occurs in extensive epidemics or pandemics at intervals of years, endem'ic it, i. nostras, acute catarrhal fever, winter grip, a disease resembling in its general features pandemic influenza, but usually of less severe type, occurring with more or less regularity during the cold season, especially in the larger cities of the world, i, nos'tras, endemic i. influen'zal. Relating to, marked by, or resulting from, influenza. infold'. To inclose within a.fold, as in the opera- tion of "infolding" an ulcer of the stomach, in which the walls of the organ on either side of the lesion are brought together and sutured. in'footed. Pigeon-toed, standing or walking with the toes turned in. infra- [L. below.] A prefix denoting a position below the part denoted by the word to which it is joined. infraaxillaiy (in"frah-aks'il-a-ri). i. Below the axilla. 2. In botany, below the axil of the leaf. infraclavic'ular. Below the clavicle. infraconstric'tor. The inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx. infracor'tical. Beneath the cortex of the brain or kidney; subcortical. infracos'tal. Below a rib or the ribs. inffacot'yloid. Below the acetabulum or cotyloid cavity. infrac'tion [L. infractus; infringere, to break.] A fracture, especially one without displacement. infractuie (in-frak'chi3r). Infraction. infradiaphragmatic (in"frah-di"ah-frag-mat'ik) Subdiaphragmatic, below the diaphragm. infraglenoid (in"frah-gle-noyd). Below the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone or the glenoid surface or cavity of the scapula, i. impres'sion, tuber- ositas infraglenoidalis. infraglott'ic. Below the glottis, subglottic infrahyoid (in"frah-hi'oyd). Below the hyoid bone, noting especially a group of muscles: the sternohyoideus, stemothjrreoideus, thyreoideus, and omohyoideus. inframamin'aiy. Below the mammary gland. Inframandib'ulai. Beneath the mandible or lower jaw. inframar'ginal. Below any margin or edge. Inframax'illary. Submaxillary, inframandibular. infraorbital (in"frah-or'biI-tal). Beneath the orbit or in the floor of the orbit. infrapatell'ar. Below the patella, noting especially a bursa and a pad of fat, the ligamentum muco- sum, or plica* synovialis patellaris. infra-red. Beyond the red end of the spectrum, noting certain invisible heat-rays. infrascap'ular. Below the scapula, i. ar'teiy, a small branch of the arteria circumflexa scapulae. infraspina'tus. See under muscuhis. infraspi'nous. Below a, spine or spinous process; specifically below the spine of the scapula, noting the «'. fossa, forming the greater part of the posterior surface of the scapula. infraster'nal. Below the sternum. infratem'poral. Below the temporal fossa, i. crest, pterygoid ridge, a rough line on the external surface of the great wing of the sphenoid, sepa- rating the temporal from the zygomatic fossa, i. fossa, zygomatic fossa. infrathoracic (in-frah-tho-ras'ik). Below or at the lower portion of the thorax. Infraton'sillar. Below the faucial tonsil. infratrochlear (in"f rah-trok'le-ar) . Below the troch- lea or pulley of the obliquus superior muscle of the eye. infraumbilical (in"frah-um-bil'I-kal). Below the umbilicus. infric'tion. The application of liniments or oint- ments combined with friction. infundib'ular. Relating to an infundibulum. i. ex' tract, an extract of the infundibular portion of the hypophysis* cerebri. infundibuliform (in-fun-dib'u-ll-form) [L. infundibu- lum, funnel, + forma, form.] Funnel-shaped. i. fas'cia, the reflection of the transversalis fas- cia over the structures entering the inguinal canal at the internal abdominal ring. infundlbulin (in-fun-dib'u-lin). A 20 per cent, solution of an extract of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri. infundib'ulo-ova'rian. Relating to the fimbriated INFUNDIBULO-OVARIAN 49S INFUSUM extremity of a Fallopian tube and the ovaiy. i. lig'ament, fimbria ovarica. iiifundib"ulopel'vic. Relating to any two struc- tures called infundibulum and pelvis, such as the expanded portion of a calyx and the pelvis of the kidney, or the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube and the pelvis, i. lig'ament, a part of the broad ligament of the uterus, called also the suspensory of the ovary, which descends from the false pelvis and contains the ovarian vessels and nerves. infundib'ulum, pi. infundib'ula [L. a, funnel.] A funnel or funnel-shaped structure or passage. Specifically, (i) free cephalic extremity of the MuUerian duct; (2) expanding portion of a calyx as it opens into the pelvis of the kindey; (3) the narrowing of the right ventricle toward the origin of the pulmonary artery, the conus arteriosus; (4) termination of a bronchiole in the alveolus; (5) termination of the cochlear canal beneath the cupola; (6) the hollow in an incisor tooth of a horse, see mark. i. ethmoida'le oss'is ethmoida'lis [BNA], a passage from the middle meatus of the nose communicating with the anterior ethmoidal cells, i . ethmoida'le ca'vi na'si [BNA], a passage leading from the nose to the frontal sinus on the inner side of the upper portion of the laryngeal bone. i. hypothala'mium [BNA], the apical portion of the tuber cinereum forming the stalk of the hypophysis, i. tu'bse uteri'nffi [BNA], the funnel-like expansion of the abdominal ex- tremity of the Fallopian tube. infun'din. Trade name of an extract of the pos- terior lobe and infundibulum of the hypoph- ysis cerebri. infusible (in-fu'zi-bl). i. Incapable of being melted or fused. 2. Capable of being made into an infusion. infusion (in-fu'zhun) [L. in, into, + fundere, to pour.] I. The process of steeping a substance in water, either cold or hot but below the boiling point, in order to extract its soluble principles; distinguished from decoction, which is effected with boiling water. ^. A medicinal preparation obtained by steeping the crude drug in Water; for the official infusions see infusUm. infusodecoction (in-fu"zo-de-kok'shun). i. Infusion followed by decoction. 2. A medicinal prepara- tion made by steeping the crude drug first in cold , water and then in boiling water. Imuso'ria [L. infusum, infusion, the term being /originally applied to all animalcules found in ' infusions or stagnant waters.] Ciliophora; a subphyltmi (or class) of Protozoa, the members of which have a generative micronucleus and a vegetative macronucleus, and are provided with cilia, either free or fused into membranes; the cilia may be permanent or present only in the early stages. Infu'sum, gen. infu'si, pi. infu'sa [L. neut. of infu- sus; infundere, to pour in.] Infusion, tea, a class of pharmacopeial preparations made by poitring water (hot or cold, according to direc- tions) over vegetable substances, allowing it to stand for some time, and then straining; the general formula for infusions is 50.0 of the vege- table substance, coarsely comminuted, to 1000. o of water, usually boiling. There are three infu- sions in the U.S.P., and twenty-one in the B.P. 1. a'bri, 2 parts of powder of jequirity seeds in 35 of water at jao° F., employed externally in the treat- ment of granular lids. i. alsto'nise (B.A.), dita or alstonia bark i, water so; dose, 3i-i (15.0-30.0). i. andrograph'idis (B.A.), infusion of andrographis; I part boiled for 15 minutes in 20 parts of water; dose, 5i-i (is. 0-30.0). i. auran'tii (Br.), infusion of orange peel; cut-up orange peel i ounce, water 20 fluidounces; tonic and stomachic in doses of gi-a (30.0-60.0). i. auran'tii compos'ltum (Br.), compound infusion of orange peel; orange peel J ounce, lemon peel J ounce, bruised cloves 55 grains, distilled water 20 fluidounces; stomachic and carminative in doses of 3i-2 (30.0-60.0). i. azadirach'tee (B.A.), infusion of azadirachta, z part in 100 of cold water; dose, |54~i (iS.0-30.0). i. bu'chu (Br.), infusion of buchu; buchu leaves i ounce, water 20 fluidounces; diuretic in doses of 3 1-2 /(30. 0-60,0). i. calum'bce (Br.), infusion of columbo; bruised calumba root i ounce, water 20 ounces; bitter tonic in doses of 51-2 (30.0-60.0). i. caryoph'ylli (Br.), infusion of cloves; bruised cloves i ounce, water 20 fluidounces; carminative in doses of 54-2 (is. 0-60.0). i. cascaril'lce (Br.), infusion of cascarilla; powdered cascarilla bark i ounce, boiling water 30 fluidounces; dose, 5 I— 2 (30.0—60.0). i. chira'tse (Br.), infusion of chiretta; chiretta i ounce, water 20 ounces; simple bitter in doses of 3 I— 2 (30. 0-60 . o) . i. cincho'nte ac'idum (Br.), acid infusion of cin- chona; powdered red cinchona bark i ounce, aromatic sulphuric acid 2 fluidrachms, boiling water 20 fluid- ounces; bitter tonic in doses of 3i-2 (30.0-60.0). i. concentra'tum, concentrated infusion, a prepara- tion made of such a strength that the addition of 7 volumes of water will be of approximately the strength of the official (B.P.) infusion. i. coscin'ii (B.A), infusion of coscinium; i part in 20 of boiling water; dose, 3i-i (is. 0-30.0). i, cuspa'riaa (Br.), infusion of cusparia or angustura; powdered cusparia back i ounce, boiling water 20 fluidounces; employed in atonic dyspepsia in doses of 5i— 3 (30.0-60.0). i. digita'lis (U.S., Br.), inf\ision of digitalis; digi- talis leaves 15.0, cinnamon water 1.50,0, water to make 1000. o; dose, 32-4 (8.0-16.0). i, ergo'tse (Br.), infusion of ergot; powdered ergot i ounce, boiling water 10 fluidounces; dose, 3 1-2 (30.0-60.0). i. gentia'ns compos'itum (N.F. and Br.), compound infusion of gentian; gentian root and bitter orange peel each ss grains, lemon peel \ ounce, boiling water 10 fluidounces; tonic in doses of 3J-i (is .0-30 .0); the N.F. prescribes: gentian 30, coriander and bitter orange peel, each 8, diluted alcohol and water, of each enough to make 1000; dose 54 (15 -o). i. gentia'nse compos'itum for'tius, stronger compound infusion of gentian; gentian so, coriander 13, bitter orange peel 13, alcohol to make 400; tonic in doses of 3}-I (2.0-4.0). i. hu'muli, i. lupuli. i. krame'ri&e (Br.), infusion of krameria or rha- tany; krameria root i ounce, boiling water 20 fluid- ounces; given in diarrhea in doses of 3i-2 (30.0—60.0), i. lu'puli (Br.), infusion of hops; hops i ounce, boiling water 20 fluidounces; mild hypnotic and sedative in doses of 5 1—2 (.30.0—60.0). i. pru'ni virginia'nse (N.F.), infusion of wild cherry; powdered wild cherry bark 40.0, glycerin so.o, cold water to make 1 000.0; employed for the relief of a hacking cough in doses of 3 1-3 (30.0-90.0). I i. quas'siee (Br.), infusion of quassia; scraped quas- sia wood 88 grains, cold distilled water 30 fluidounces; bitter tonic in doses of 3i-2 (30.0-60.0). i. ^he'i (Br.), infusion of rhubarb; sliced rhubarb root I ounce, boiling distilled water 20 fluidounces: laxative in doses of 3 1-2 (3 o . 0-60 . o) . i. ro'SEB ac'idum (Br.), acid infusion of rose; red rose petals i ounce, dilute sulphuric acid 3 fluidrachms, boiling distilled water to make 30 fluidounces; em- ployed in stomatitis, pharyngitis, and the night sweats of phthisis in doses of 3i-3 (30.0-90.0). 1. ro'sse compos'itum (N.F.), compound infusion of INFUSUM 496 INJECTIO rose; red rose petals 13, dilute sulphuric acid 9, sugar 40, boiling water to 1000; used as a vehicle to disguise the taste of bitter drugs, in doses of 33-4 (8.0—16,0). i, scopa'rise (Br.), infusion of broom; broom tops 3 ounces, boiling water so fluidounces; diuretic in doses of 3i-i (is. 0-30.0). i. sen'egee (Br.), infusion of senega; powdered sen- ega root I ounce, boiling water 30 fluidrachms; expecto- rant in doses of 5 i-3 (30.0-60.0). i. Ben'nsB compos'itum (U.S.), compound infusion of senna, black draught; senna 60.0, manna 120.0, magnesium sulphate 120.0, fennel 20.0, boiling water Soo.o, steep for half an hour and add cold water 200.0; purgative in doses of 32—4 (60.0-120.0). i. serpenta'riee (Br.), infusion of serpentary; pow- dered serpentaria 1 ounce, boiling water 20 ounces; employed in chronic dyspepsia in doses of 5 1—2 (30.0—60.0). i. tinos'porffi (B.A.), infusion of tinospora or of gulancha, i part in 10 of cold water; dose, 3i— i (is. 0-30.0). i. todda'lise (B.A.), infusion of toddalia or of lopez- root; I part to 10 of boiling water; employed, like in- fusion of cusparia, as a stomachic tonic in doses of 5i-2 (30.0-60.0). i. u'vffi ur'si (Br.), infusion of bearberry; uva ursi leaves I ounce, boiling water 20 fluidounces; diuretic in doses of 5i-3 (30.0-60.0). ■ngesta (in-jes'tah) [pi. of L. ingestum; ingerere, to carry in.] Food taken' into the body. ingestion (in-jes'chun). The introduction of food and drink into the stomach. inges'tive. Relating to ingestion. ingluTies (in-glu'vl-ez) [L.] The crop of a bird. in'gluvin. A digestive substance resembling pep- sin, obtained from the gizzards of fowls ; employed as a digestant and to relieve the vomiting of pregnancy, in doses of gr. 5-1 5 (o . 3-1 . o). Ingras'sia's or Ingras'sias's apoph'yses or wings [Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia, Italian anatomist, 1510-1580.] The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. ingravescent (in"gr&-ves'ent) [L. ingravescere, to grow heavier.] Increasing in severity. in'guen, gen. in'guinis [L.] The groin. inguinal (in'gwi-nal). Relating to the groin, i. canal', the canal in the lower part of the abdom- inal wall, transmitting the spermatic cord in the male and the round ligament in the female, i. fos'sa, fovea inguinalis. i. lig'ament, Poupart's ligament, ligamentum* inguinale, i. re'gion, iUac region, the lowest lateral abdominal* region on either side of the hypogastric or pubic region, i. tri'gone, (i) Henke's* trigone; (2) Scarpa's* triangle. inguinocru'ral. See under hernia. inguinodynia (in"gwi-no-din'I-ah) [L inguen(in- guin-), groin, -f- G. odyne, pain.] Pain in the groin. inguinola'bial. Relating to the inguinal canal and the labium majtis on the same side, noting an inguinal hernia descending into the labium. in"guinoproperiton'eal. See imder hernia. inguinoscro'tal. Relating to the inguinal canal and the scrotum, noting an inguinal hernia de- scending into the scrotum alongside the tunica vaginalis testis. inha'Iant. That which is inhaled; a remedy given by inhalation. inhalation (in-h3,-la'shun) [L. in, in, H- halare, to breathe.] i. Inspiration, drawing in the breath. 2. Drawing a medicated vapor in with the breath. 3. A medicated liquid intended for inhalation in the form of vapor. inhale (in-hal'). To draw in the breath, to inspire. inha'ler. i. A mask-like apparatus over the nose and mouth, through which to breathe when the air is cold and raw or laden with dust or noxious vapors. 2. An apparatus for administering remedies by inhalation. inhe'rent [L. in, in, + hcerere, to stick.] Intrinsic, forming a necessary part. inheritance (in-her'i-tans) [L. hereditare, to inherit.] That which is inherited, the act of inheriting. alter'native i., (i) Mendelian inheritance; (2) Galton's term for an assumed form in which all the characters are derived from one parent. blend'ing i., Galton's term for that form in which the maternal and paternal characters appear to blend in the offspring, criss-cross i., Morgan's term for the transmission of the maternal char- acters to the sons and the paternal characters to the daughters, partic'ulate i., Mendelian i., that in which some characters are derived from one parent, others from the other. inhibition (in-hi-bish'on) [L. inhibere, to restrain.] The diminution or arrest of function in an organ. Interference in the cerebral pathways between an afferent impulse and the direct motor response. inhib'itor. i. An agent which restrains or retards physiological action. 2. A nerve, stimulation of which represses the activity of the part supplied by it. inhib'itory. Restraining, preventing, i. nerve, inhibitor (2). in'iac, in'ial. Relating to the inion. in'iad [L. ad, to.] In a direction toward the inion, or occiput. iniencephalus (in"I-en-sef'a-lus) [G. inion, back of the head, + enkephalos, brain.] A monster with a cranial defect at the occiput, the brain being exposed or protruding. inion (in'I-on) [G. nape of the neck.] The external occipital protuberance used as a fixed point in craniometry. in'iops [G. inion, back of the head, + dps, eye, face.] A double monster with a single head which an- teriorly presents a com- plete face, but posteri- orly only a portion of one, as, for example, one eye, the body is usually single above the umbili- cus, double below. Initial (in-ish'al) [L. initium, beginning.] Incipient, re- lating to a beginning. initis (in-i'(e')tis) [G. is{in-), fiber, -I- -itis^ i. Inflam- mation of fibrous tissue. 2. Myositis. inject' [L. injicere, to throw in.] To introduce into the body, noting a fluid thrown into one of the l cavities, beneath the skin, or into a blood-vessel; see injection. ^' injectable, i. Capable of being injected into any- thing. 2. Capable of receiving an injection. injec'ted. 1 . Noting a fluid ■ introduced into the body. a. Having the blood-vessels visibly dis- tended with blood ; congested. injectio, gen. injeciio'nis, pi. injectio'nes (in-jek'shyo) [L. injicere, to throw in.] Injection, i. apomor- phi'nse hypoder'mica (Br.), hypodermic injec- tion of apomorphine; apomorphine hydrochlo- ride gr. i, diluted hydrochloric acid iij[ i; boiled distilled water nij no; dose, nji 2-8 (0.13-0.5). INJECTIO 497 INOSITE i. cocain'se hypoder'inica(Br.), hypodermic in jec- tion of cocaine; cocaine hydrochloride gr. 33, salicylic acid gr. J, boiled distilled water 3 6 ; dose, vfn 2-5 (0.13-0.3). i. ergo'tae hypoder'mica (Br.), hypodermic injection of ergot; extract of ergot gr. 100, phenol gr. 3, boiled distilled water to make nu 330; dose, 11115—10(0.3-0.6). i. hypo- der'mica, a class of preparations of the B.P. suitable for hypodermic injection; four only are official. In the United States the injeciiones hypodermiccB are prepared extemporaneously by means of soluble tablets each containing one dose of the remedy, i. morphi'nae hypoder'mica (Br.), hypodermic injection of morphine; mor- phine tartrate gr. 50, boiled distilled water nu 1100; dose, njj 1—5 (0.06—0.3). injection (in-jek'shun) [L. injeciio.l The introduc- tion of a medicinal substance or nutrient material, in fluid form, into the subcutaneous cellular tissue {subcutaneous or hypodermic), the muscular tissue {intramuscular), a vein (intravenous), the rectum {rectal i., clyster, or enema), the vagina {vaginal i., or douche), the urethra, or other canals or cavities of the body. in'jure. To woimd, to hurt. in'jury [L. injuria; in- neg. -J- jus{jur-), right.] Damage, wound, trauma. in'lay. In dentistry, a solid filling, made the shape of a cavity, and then inserted and secured with cement. in'let. A passage leading into a cavity, pelvic i., apertura* pelvis superior [BNA], the upper opening into the pelvis the circumference of which is the brim of the pelvis. In'man's disease' [Thomas Inm.an, English physician, 1820-1876.] Myalgia. innate' [L. in, in, -t- natus, bom.] Inborn. innerya'tion. Distribution of the nerves in a part. innidiation (in-id-I-a'shun) [L. in, in, + nidus, nest.] The arrest and multiplication of cells in a new part of the body to which they have been carried; metastasis, colonization, indenization. inn'ocent [L. t«- neg. -}- nocere, to injure.] Benign. Innoc'ua. The non-poisonous serpents; see Vene- nosa. innoc'uous [L. innocuus.J Harmless, innoxious. innominatal (in-nom'i-na-tal). Relating to the iimominate bone. innominate (in-nomli-nat) [L. in- neg. -f yiomen, name.] Nameless, i. ar'tery, see under arteria. i. bone, haunch bone, hip bone, os* coxae. innoxious (in-ok'shus) [L. innoxius.] Harmless, innocuous. innutrition (in-nu-trish'on). Lack of nutrition. in'oblast [G. is{in-), fiber, + blastos, germ.] An embryonic connective-tissue cell. inochondritis (in"o-kon-dri'(dre')tis) [G. is{in-), fiber, + ehondros, cartilage, -1- -itis.] Inflam- mation of a fibrocartilage. inochondroma (in"o-kon-dro'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, -f- ehondros, cartilage, -1- -dma.] A chondroma containing much fibrous tissue ; a tumor composed of fibrocartilaginous elements ; fibrochondroma. inoculabil'ity. The quality of being inoculable. inoc'ulable. i. Transmissible by inoculation. 2. Susceptible to a disease transmissible by inocula- tion. inoc'ulate [L. inoculare; in, in, -f- oculus, eye.] To introduce the virus of a disease into the subcu- taneous tissue or a blood-vessel or through an abraded or absorbing surface. inocula'tion. Introduction of the virus of a disease into the body. 32 inoculum (in-ok'u-lum). The virus or other material introduced by inoculation. in'ocysto'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + kystis, cyst, + -dma.] A fibrous tumor undergoing cystic degeneration. inocyte (in'o-s3t) [G. is{in-), fiber, + kytos, a hollow (a cell).] A fiber-cell, an elongated cell of fibrous tissue. inoepithelioma (in"o-ep-I-the-U-o'mah). An epi- thelioma mixed with fibrous tissue. inogen (in'o-jen) [G. is{in-), mliscle, -t- gennao, I produce.] A hypothetical substance in mus- cular tissue, which is supposed to be decom- posed during contraction and to be reformed during rest of the muscle. inogenesis (in-o-jeu'e-sis) [G. is{in-), sinew, muscle, -t- genesis, production.] Formation of fibrous or muscular tissue. inoglia (in-og'll-ah) [G. is{in-), fiber, + glia, glue.] The basement or ground substance, either homogeneous or fibrillar, of connective tissue; fibroglia. inohymenitis (in-o-hi-men-i'(e')tis) [G. is{in-), fiber, + hymen, membrane, + -itis.] Inflamma- tion of an aponeurosis or other fibrous mem- brane. inoliomyoma (in"o-Ii"o-mi-o'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, 4- leios, smooth, + mys{myo-), muscle, + -dma.] A tumor of smooth musctilar tissue. in'olith [G. is{in^), fiber, + lithos, stone.] A concre- tion formed from or in fibrous tissue. ino'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + -dma.] A fibroid tumor, fibroma. inomyoma (in-o-mi-o'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, + mys{myo-), muscle, + Sma.] A myoma con- taining much fibrous tissue; fibromyoma. inomyositis (in-o-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. is{in-), fiber, -t- m.ys{myo-), muscle, + -itis.] Chronic inflam- mation of a muscle with an overgrowth, or hyper- plasia, of the connective tissue. inomyxo'ma [G. is{in-), fiber, + myxa, mucus, -H -oma.] A mixed inoma, or fibroma and myxoma. inoneuroma (in"o-nu-ro'mah) [G. is{in-), fiber, + neuron, nerve, -1- -dma.] A mixed inoma and neuroma. inopec'tic. Relating to inopexia. i. diath'esis, a state of body marked by a tendency to coagula- tion of fibrin resulting in thrombosis or embolism. inop'erable. That cannot be operated upon or that cannot be relieved by operation. inopex'ia [G. is{in-), fiber, + pexis, fixation.] Coagulation of the blood in the vessels during life inorgan'ic. Not organic, not relating to living organisms. 2. chem'lstry, the chemistry of sub- stances not containing carbon. inosclero'sis [G. is {in-), fiber, + sklerdsis, hardness.} I. Sclerosis by increase of fibrous tissue 2. Increased density of fibrous tissue. inos'copy [G. is{in-), fiber, -f- skoped, I look at.] Examination of fibrinous deposits in fiuids, usually to determine the presence or absence of microorganisms. inos'culate [L. in, in, -I- osculum, dim. of os, mouth.] Anastomose. inoscula'tion. Anastomosis. in'ose. Inosite. inosemla, inosaemia (in-o-se'ml-ah) {inose + G. haima, blood.] The presence of inosite, or mus- cle-sugar, in the blood. in'osite [G. is{in-), muscle.] Muscle-sugar, inose, a sugar, CjHi205-(-2H|,0, found in the cardiac muscle, the brain, kidneys, and other organs. INOSITIS 498 INSENSIBLE inositis (in-o-si'(se')tis) [G. is(in-) fiber, + -itis.] Inflammation of fibrous tissue. inosituria (in"o-si-tu'rI-ah) [inosite + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of inosite in the urine. inosteatoma (in-os"te-a-to'mah) [G. is(in-), iiber, + stear{steat-), fat, + -oma.] A fibrofatty tumor. inosu'ria. Inosituria. inotag'ma [G. «(»«-), muscle, + tagma, an order, arrangement.] A contractile element in the protoplasm. inotropic (in-o-trop'ik) [G. is{in-), muscle, + tropos, a turning, influencing.] Influencing the contrac- tility of muscular tissue, neg'atively i., weaken- ing, and pos'itively i., strengthening muscular action. inquest (in'kwest) [L. in, in, + quarere, to seek.] A legal inquiry into the cause of a sudden or violent death. inquiline (in'kwi-lin) [L. incolus, an inhabitant.] A variety of parasite which lives in the shelter pro- vided by the other (as an oyster-crab within the shell of the oyster), but does not necessarily derive its food from its host, being often a commensal.* insal'ivate [L. in + salival] To mix the food with saliva during mastication. insaliva'tion. The mixing of the food with saliva. Insalubrious (in"sa-lu'bil-us) [L. in- neg. -I- saluber, healthful.] Unwholesome, unhealthful, insani- tary. insane' [L. in- neg. -1- sanus, soimd, sane.] 1. Of unsound mind, deranged, crazy, non compos mentis, lunatic. 2. Relating to insanity, i. asy'lum, an institution for the care of the insane. 1. ear, othematoma. insEtn'itary [L. »'«- neg -I- sanus, sound.] Unhealth- ful, insalubrious, injurious to health, not sanitary. insan'ity [L. insanitas; in- neg. + sanus, sound, sane.] A more or less permanent unsoundness of mind, mental disease; a condition marked by abnormality of the reasoning faculty, delusions, illusions, or hallucinations, with irresponsibility and a lack of understanding of the nature of one 's speech and actions; lunacy, craziness. It is an acquired condition and so distinguished from idiocy or imbecility, and is chronic, thus distin- guished from the delirium of fever or shock. alcohol'ic i., a form of toxic i., due to the immod- erate indulgence in alcoholic beverages, al'ter- nating i., a form of manic-depressive i. having the sequence — mania, interval, depression. chore'ic i., an infectious psychosis sometimes associated with chorea, which usually assumes a confusional form, cir'ctilar i., that form of the manic-depressive psychosis in which the manic and depressive attacks follow one another with- out lucid intervals, climacter'ic i., any form of mental disease occurring about or at the close of middle life, commu'nicated i., a form of folie k deux in which the delusional ideas of one person are accepted by the second, by a species of mental contagion, but only after prolonged resistance, this period of resistance distinguishing it from imposed i. compul'sive i., a mental state marked by an obsession or fixed idea which often compels to acts against the will and despite the anxious resistance of the patient. confu'sional i., infection-exhaustion psychosis.* cy'clic i., circular i. degen'erative 1., phrenas- thenia or psychasthenia occurring in the degen- erative period of life, delu'sional i., paranoia. drug i., a toxic i. due to the use of some drug such as opium or cocaine, hyster'ical i., an exaggerated form of psychasthenia with emo- tional crises of hysterical nature, imposed' i., folie k deux, a psychosis, often of paranoid form, affecting two persons who are intimately associated; the one on whom the mental dis- turbance has been imposed may recover i{ removed from the original sufferer, impul'sive i ., a condition in which a sudden morbid impulse arises and drives the patient at once, without reflection or attempt at resistance, to the com- mission of some act. induced' i., communi- cated i. i. of doub'le form, a form of manic- depressive psychosis having the sequence — mania, depression, interval, or the reverse. manic-depress'ive i., an alternation of mania and melanchol-a. mor'al i., an irresistible im- pulse to commit wrong or immoral acts, path- omania. puer'peral i., any form of mental dis- ease, usually either confusional i. or manic-de- pressive i., sometimes occurring in women during the early puerperal period, se'nile i., degenera- tive i. occurring in the aged, simulta'neous 1., a form of folie 4 deux, in which the same psy- chosis appears at the same time in two inti- mately associated and mentally predisposed individuals, toz'ic i., a psychosis, usually con- fusional i., due to the action of some poison, such as alcohol, opium, etc., or to autotoxemia. volit'ional i., i. marked especially by perversion of the will power. alcoholic, mania a potu, delirium tremens, alcoholo- mania, enomania, oenomania, dipsomania, congen- ital, idiocy, imbecility, cretinism, degenerative, psychasthenia, phrenasthenia. delusional, paranoia. doubting, see under phobia, emotional, patnomania. erotic, nymphomania, satyriasis. fatuous, moria. furious, acromania, acriothymia. grandiose, megalo- mania, homicidal, androphonomania. hysterical, hysteromania, imposed, folie k detuc. inquisitive, paratereseqmania. loquacious, moria. marked by terror, enosimania. moral, pathomania, esthesiomania. neurasthenic, psychasthenia, phrenasthenia. on a few subjects, oligomania. on one subject, monomania. paralytic, paresis, polyneuritic, Korsakoff's syndrome. pubertal, hebephrenia, dementia prascox. puerperal, maiensioxnania, tocomania. religious, entheomania, demonomania, hieromania. senile, dementia, presby- ophrenia, dotardness. specialist in, psychiatrist, psy- chiater, alienist, '* mad-doctor." stuporous, naicoma- nia, catatonia, suicidal, misozoia. treatise on, mani- cography, manigraphy. voluble, logomania. with cruel impulses, diastrephia. with exaltation, mania, hyperphrenia. with incendiary impulses, pyromania. with loss of mental faculties, dementia, amentia, with loss of will power, abulomania. with menital depres- sion, melancholia, lypemania. with morbid fears, see under phobia, with one idea, monomania, with pleasing delusions, habromania, amenomania. with thieving impulses, cleptomania. Inscriptio (in-skrip'shyo) [L. in,- in, + scribere, to write.] Inscription, i. tendin'ea [BNA], ten- dinous inscription, a tendinous band or partition running across a muscle. Inscrip'tion [L inscriptio.'] The main part of a prescription, that which indicates the drugs and the quantity of each to be used in the mixture. In'sect [L. insectum; in, in, -t- secare, to cut.] An invertebrate creature, with many legs, and usually with fully developed or rudimentary wings, the body of which is divided into segments comprising head, thorax, and abdomen ; the term is loosely applied to legged terrestrial invertebrates of many kinds, whether segmented or not. insect'icide [L. insectum, insect, -I- ccedere, to kill.] I. Causing the destruction of insects in the widest sense of the term. 2. An agent which kills insects. insemina'tion. i. The deposit of semen in the vagina during coitus. 2. The first contact of the spermatozoon with the ovum. Insen'sible [L. in- neg. + sensibilis, sensible.] 1. Unconscious, j. Not appreciable by the senses. IlsrSERTION 499 INSURANCE insertion (in-sur'shun) [L. in. in, + serere, to plant.] I. A putting in. 2. The attachment of a muscle to the more movable part of the skeleton, as dis- tinguished from origin, velamen'tous i., a form of insertion of the fetal blood-vessels' into the placenta, in which they separate before reaching that structure and make their way to it in a fold of amnion." insheathed (in-shedhd'). Enclosed in a sheath or capsule; encysted. insid'ious [L. insidiosus, cunning.] Treacherous, stealthy; noting a disease which progresses with few or no ss^nptoms to indicate its gravity. in si'tu [L. sitiis, site.] In position. insola'tion [L. insolare, to place in the sun.] Sun- stroke. insol'uble. Not soluble. insom'nia [L. »n- priv. + somnus, sleep.] Anhyp- nosis, wakefulness; inability to sleep, in the absence of external impediments, such as noise, a bright light, etc., during the period when hjrp- nosis should normally occur; it may vary in degree from restlessness or disturbed slumber to a curtailment of the normal length of sleep or to absolute wakefulness, inspect' [L. inspicere, to examine.] To examine by means of the sight. insper'sion [L. inspergere, to scatter upon.] Sprink- ling with a fluid or a powder. inspira'tion [L in, in, + spirare, to breathe.] The act of breathing in, inhalation. in'spirator. i. Inhaler, j. Respirator. inspi'ratory. Relating to an inspiration, inspire'. To breathe in, to take a breath, to inhale. inspirom'eter [L. inspirare, to breathe in, -I- G. meiron, measure.] An instrument for measuring ' the force, frequency, or volume of the inspirations. inspis'sated [L. in- intensive -I- spissare, to thicken.] Thickened by evaporation or absorption of fluid. inspissa'tion. i. The act of thickening by evapora- tion or by the absorption of fluid. 2. An increased thickness or diminished fluidity. in'step. The arch, or highest part of the dorsum of the foot. instilla'tion [L. instillare, to pour in by drops.] The dropping of a liquid on or in a part. in'stillator. A dropper in'stinct [L. instinctus, impulse.] The unreasoning impulse to perform some purposive action with- out an immediate consciousness of the end to which that action will lead. instinc'tive. Relating to instinct. institute (in'stJ-tut) [L. instituere, to set up.] i. An association of persons for a definite ptupose, espe- cially for the performance of literary or scientific work or teacUng. 2. An institution. Institu'tion. A building or establishment for the promotion of some literary, educational, scientific, or philanthropic purpose. in'strument [L. instrumentum, tool.] A tool or implement. instrumen'tal. Done by the aid of mechanical appliances. insucca'tion [L, insucare, to soak in.] Maceration, soaking, especially of a crude drug to prepare it for further pharmaceutical operation. insufficiency (in-sii-fish'en-s5). Lack of complete- ness of function or of power, inadequacy; incompetency (noting defective closure of a cardiac valve), hepat'ic i., defective functional activity of the liver cells, i. disease, deficiency disease, one arising from defective metabolism caused by a lack of vitamines in the diet. i. of the eyelids, a condition in which the eyelids are closed only by conscious effort, and remain open during sleep, mus'cular i., failure of any mus- cle to contract with its normal force, especially such failure of any of the eye muscles, renal i., defective functional activity of the kidneys whereby some of the waste products of the body are retained, thyroid i., hypothyroidism. uterine i, , atony of the uterine musculature. val'vular i., failure of the cardiac valves to close perfectly, regurgitation of blood being the result. insufflate [L. in, in, + sub, under, + flare, to blow.] To blow into ; to fill the lungs of an asphyxiated newborn infant by blowing into the mouth and nose, or to blow a medicated powder into a cavity. insuffla'tion. The act or process of insiilHating. in'sufflator. An instnmient for blowing a powder into the nose or other cavity. insula, gen. and pi. in'sulcB (in'su-lah) [L. island.] I. [BNA] Island, island of Reil, central lobe of the cerebrum a cerebral lobe or group of convolutions in the depth of the fissure of Sylvius, a. Any cir- cumscribed body or a patch on the skin. i. lac'tea, macula albida. i, tendin'ea, macula albida. Langerhans' i., Langerhans'* islands. in'sular. Relating to any insula, especially the island of Reil. i. hypoth'esis, the theory of the dependence of diabetes upon destruction or loss of function of the islands of Langerhans in the pancreas. insulate (in'su-lat) [L. insulare, to make like an island.] To prevent the passage of electricity to the earth, by the interposition of a non-con- ducting substance such as glass or rubber. insulation (in-su-la'shun). i. The act of in- sulating. 2. The non-conducting substance by which electricity is prevented from escaping. 3. The state of being insulated. in'sulator. A non-conducting material by means of which insulation is effected. insuline (in'su-len) [L. insula, island, referring to Langerhans' islands in the pancreas.] A hypo- thetical hormone or autocoid, secreted by the islet tissue of the pancreas, which acts upon carbohydrate metabolism so as to prevent an undue accumulation of glucose in the blood. in'sult [L. insultus.] 1. An injury or travuna. 2. See insultus. insul'tus [L. insuliare, to leap upon.] Attack, as i. apoplectiform'is, i. epilepiiform'is, i. syncdpa'lis (fainting), etc. insu'rable in'terest. A condition existing between the beneficiary and the holder of a life-insurance policy according to which the former natur-ally desires that the latter shall live. Such a con- dition holds in the case of husband and wife or those of near kindred, of employer and employee, of partners in business, etc. A beneficiary who has no insurable interest in the life of the insured, cann6t recover the amount of the policy in case of the death of the latter. In Canada the law provides that if the insured pays the premitims the beneficiary can recover the amount of the policy, even if he have no insurable interest. Insu'rance [O. Fr. enseurer; L. in, in, + securus, sure, secure.] The agreement by one party to pay a definite sum to another party in the event of illness, accident, death, or pecuniary loss of one kind or another, ac'cident i., the guarantee by a company to pay to the insured a definite sum, either in one payment or weekly during the period of disablement, in case of accident. health 1., i. of the same character as accident i., the stated sum being guaranteed in case of illness not due to accident. Indus'trial i., a form of life INSURANCE Soo INTERDENTAL insiirance in which policies of small amounts are issued, the premium being paid in weekly or monthly installments, life i., see life*-insurance. step-rate i., see natural premium.* term i., see term policy* insusceptibility (in"sus-sep"ti-biri-ti). Lack or ab- sence of susceptibility, immunity. integra'tion [L. integrare; integer, whole.] Building up by accretion, anabolism. integ'ument [L. integumentum, covering.] i. The enveloping membrane of the ,body, integumen- tum* commune, a. The rind, capsule, or cover- ing of any body or part. integimientary (in-teg-u-men'ta-ri). Relating to the integument, cutaneous, dermal. integumen'tum [L.] Integument, i. commu'ne [BNA], the common integument, cutis, -derma, skin; the membrane covering the body and con- tinuous, at the various orifices, with the mucous membrane of the alimentary, respiratory, and urogenital tracts; it is composed of two strata: the superficial epidermis and the deep dermis or corium, and contains the sweat and sebaceous ' glands, the hair-follicles, and the touch cor- puscles. in'tellect [L. inielligere, to understand.] The under- standing, mind. intem'perance [L. iniemperanii^^ Lack of modera- tion, excess in the indulgence of any of the appe- tites, especially in eating and drinking. intem'perant. i . One who indulges to excess in the use of alcoholic beverages. 2. Intemperate. intem'perate [L. in- neg. + tem.perare, to moderate.] Immoderate in any indulgence, especially addicted to the misuse of alcoholic beverages. inten'sity [L. intensus, tight, stretched.] Marked tension ; great activity. inten'sive. Relating to or marked by intensity; noting a form of treatment by means of very large doses or of substances possessing great strength or activity. intention (in-ten'shun) [L. iniendere, to stretch out, exert.] In surgery, a process or operation. healing or union by first i., the immediate healing of a wound without suppuration or the formation of granulations, healing or union by second i., union of two granulating surfaces accompanied by more or less suppuration, healing by third 1., the filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granula- tions, with subsequent cicatrization. inter- [L. inter, between.] A prefix conveying the meaning of between, among. interacinar (in-tur-as'!-nar). Interacinous. interacinous (in-tur-as'in-us) [L. inter, between, + acini.] Between the acini of a gland. interalve'olar [L. inter, between.] Between any alveoli, especially the alveoli of the lungs. interann'ular [L. inter, between, + annulus, ring.] Between any two ring-like structures or con- strictions. interartic'ular [L. inter, between, + articulus, joint.] L. Between two joints, z. Between two joint surfaces, i.e. within the joint. interarytenoid (in"tur-4-rit'en-oyd). Between the arytenoid cartilages. interaster'ic. Between the two asteria ; see asterion. interatrial (in-tur-a'tri-al) [L. inter between, + atrium.] Between the atria of the heart. Interauricular (in"tur-aw-rik'u-lar). i. Interatrial. 2. Between the auricles or pinnas. ' in'terbody. The substance in normal serum which binds the complement to the blood-cells or .bac- teria, corresponding to the immune body or amboceptor of a specific serum. in'terbrain. 'Tween-brain, diencephalon, thalam- encephalon.* intercadence (in-tur-ka'dens) [L. inter, between, -1- cadere, to fall.] The occurrence of an extra beat between the two regular pulse beats; extreme dicrotism, interpolated extra-systole. intercal'ary [L. intercalare, to insert.] Occurring between two others; noting, in a -pulse tracing, an up-stroke interposed between two normal pulse beats. inter'calated. Interposed, inserted between two others. intercala'tum. Substantia nigra of the, brain. intercanalic'ular. Between canaliculi in any sense. intercap'illaiy. Between or among capillary ves- sels. intercarot'ic. Intercarotid. intercarot'id. Between the internal and external carotid arteries, i. body, glomus caroticum intercar'pal. Between the carpal bones. intercartilaginous (in"tur-kar-tHaj'in-us) [L. inter, between, -I- cariilago, cartilage.] Between or connecting cartilages. intercavernous (in"tur-kav'ur-nus). Between two cavities, i. si'nuses, two cerebral sinuses, anterior and posterior i. sinuses, connecting the cavernous sinuses and thus forming the circular sinus surrounding the hypophysis. intercell'ular. Between or among cells. intercen'tral. Connecting or lying between two or more centers. intercer'ebral. Between the hemispheres of the brain. interchondral (in-tur-kon'dral) [L. inter, between, + G. chondros, cartilage.] Intercartilaginous. intercil'iimi [L. inter, between, + cilium, eyelid.] Glabella. interclavic'ular. Between or connecting the clavicles. Intercoccygeal (in"tur-kok-sij'I-al). Situated be- tween unfused segments of the coccyx. intercolumnar (in-tur-k6-lum'nar). Between [any two columns, as the columns or crura of the annulus inguinalis subcutaneus. i. filjcrs, intercrural* fibers. Intercon'dylar. Intercondylic. intercondyl'ic, intercon'dyloid. Between two con- dyles. Intercos'tal [L. inter, between, + casta, rib.] Be- tween the ribs. intercostohumeral (in"tur-kos"to-hu'mer-al). Re- lating to an intercostal space and the arm, noting certain branches of the intercostal nerves supply- ing the skin of the arm. intercos"tohumera'Us. See under nervus. intercris'tal. Between two crests, as between the crests of the ilia, noting one of the pelvic measure- ments. intercni'ral. Between two crura in any sense, those of the jaw, the brain, the external abdomi- nal ring, etc. ; interfemoral. i. fi'bers, fibrae inter- crurales [BNA], intercolumnar fibers, horizontal arched fibers passing from Poupart's ligament across the opening of the external abdominal ring. intercurr'ent [L. inter, between, + currere, to run.] Intervening, said of a disease attacking a person already ill of another malady. intercuta"neomu'cous. Between skin and mucous membrane, as in the cheek or lip or at the muco- cutaneous border of the lips or anus. interdeferential (in-tur-def-er-en'shal). Between the vasa deferentia. interden'tal [L. inter, between, + dens(dent-), tooth.] Between the teeth. INTERDIGIT SOI INTEROCEPTOR inteidigit (in-tur-dij'it). That part of the sloping extremity of the hand or foot lying between any two adjacent fingers or toes. interdigital (in-tur-dij'J-tal). Between the fingers or toes. interdigitation (in-tur-dij-I-ta'shun) [L. inter, be- tween, + digitus, finger.] i. The mutual inter- locking of toothed or tongue-like processes. 2. The processes thus interlocked. 3. In dentistry, noting the method by which two different, non- cohesive metals are wedged together in a filling. interfascic'ular. Between fasciculi. interfem'oral. Between the thighs. interference (in-tur-fer'ens) [L. inter, between, -|- ferire, to strike.] i. The coming together of waves from different sources in such a way that the crests of one series correspond to the hollows of the other, thetwo thus neutralizing each other; or so that the crests of the two series correspond, thus increasing the excursions of the waves. 2, Brushing, in the horse. interfering (in-tiir-fer'ing). Brushing. interfibriU'ar, interfi'brillary. Between fibrils. interfi'brous. Between fibers. interfilamen'tous. Between filaments. inteifrontal (in-t\ir-frun'tal). Between the unfused halves of the frontal bone, noting a suture there present. interganglion'ic. Between or among or connecting ganglia. intergemmal (in'tur-jem'al) [L. inter, between, -|- gemma, bud.\ Between any two or more bud-like or bulb-like bodies, noting especially a nerve termination between two end-bvdbs. interglob'ular. Between globules, {.spaces, Czermak's* spaces. Intergliiteal (in-tur-glu'te-al) [L. inter, between, -|- glutaus, buttock.] Between the buttocks. Intergo'nial [L. inter, between, -I- G. gSnia, angle.] Between the two gonia ; see gonion. intergyral (in-tur-ji'ral.) Between the gyri or convolutions of the brain, Interhemicer'ebral. Intercerebral, between the cere- bral hemispheres. inte'rior. Relating to the inside, situated within. Interischiadic (in-tur-is-kl-ad'ic). Between the two ischia, especially between the two tuberosities of the ischia. interlamell'ar. Between lamellae. interlo'bar. Between the lobes of an organ or other structure. interlobitis (in"tur-lo-bi'(be') tis). Inflammation of the pleura separating two pulmonary lobes. [nterlob'ulac. Between the lobules of an organ. intermalle'olar. Between the malleoli. Intermam'maiy [L. inter, between, + mamma, breast.] Between the breasts. intennam'millaiy [L. inter, between, -(- mammilla, breast, nipple.] Between the breasts; between the nipples, noting a line drawn between the two nipples. intermasill'a. Premaxilla, os* incisivum. Intermaz'illary. Between the maxillae, or upper jaw-bones. L bone, os incisivum. Interme'diaiy [L. intermedins, lying between.] Oc- curring between, i. body, immune body. i. nerve, nerve of Wrisberg. i. systems, the osseous tissue in the interspaces between the Haversian systems. intenne'diate [L. intermediare, to come between.] X. Between two extremes, interposed, intervening. 2. In dentistry, a non-conducting material em- ployed as a capping under a nuetallic filling. 3. One of the deciduous incisor teeth of a horse, external to the pincers. intermediolat'eral. Intermediate, but to one side, not central, noting a tract of the spinal cord. intermedius (in-tur-me'dJ-us) [L. inter, between, + m^dius, middle.] Intermediate. intermem'branous. Between membranes, intermeningeal (in-tur-men-in'je-al). Between the meninges. intennen'strual. Between two consecutive men- strual periods, i. fe'ver, i. pain, see these words. intennetacar'pal. Between the metacarpal bones. intennetainer'ic. Between two metameres, noting especially the intervertebral discs. intermetatar'sal. Between the metatarsal bones. intermetatar'seum. See under os. intermission (in-tur-mish'un). 1. A temporary ces- sation of symptoms or of any action. 2. An interval between two paroxysms of a disease, such as malaria. intermit' [L. intermittere, to leave off.] To cease for a time. intermitt'ence, intennitt'ency. 1. A condition marked by intermissions or interruptions in the course of a disease or other process or state or in any continued action; noting especially a loss of one or more pulse beats. 2. The complete cessa- tion of symptoms between two periods of activity of a disease. intermitt'ent. i. Marked by intervals of complete quietude between two periods of activity. ■^. Intermittent fever.* intennus'cular. Between the muscles. intern, interne (in'tum or in-tum') [F. interne, inside.] An advanced student or recent graduate who assists in the medical or surgical care of hos- pital patients and who resides within the institu- tion. inter'nal [L. intemus.] Interior, away from the surface, i. med'icine, the branch of medicine which has to do with diseases not amenable to surgical treatment; medicine as opposed to surgery. intema'rial. Between the nares or nostrils, inter- nasal. intema'sal [L. inter, between, -f- nasus, nose.] Intemarial, between the nasal fossae or the nasal bones. Internist (in-tur'nist). One who treats internal diseases; a physician as distinguished from a surgeon. intemo'dal. Between two nodes; relating to an intemode. intemode (in'tiu--n6d). That portion of the medul- lary substance of a nerve-fiber which lies between two nodes of Ranvier; each intemode contains a nerve-corpuscle, or nerve-nucleus, lying beneath the neurilemma in a depression in the medullary substance. intemuclear (in-tur-nu'kle-ar). i. Between nuclei. , 2. Between the nuclear layers of the retina. inter'nus [L.] Internal. interoceptive (in"ter-o-sep'tiv) [L. inter, within, + capere, to take.] Relating to the apparatus within the organism capable of receiving stimuli. interoceptor (in"ter-o-sep'tor) [L. inter, within.] One of the peripheral end-organs of the afferent nerves, which respond to stimulation by internal (chiefly visceral) processes, gen'eral i., one of the end-organs mediating the sensations of hunger, thirst, nausea, respiratory, circulatory, and sexual sensations, visceral pain, etc. spec'ial i., one of the end-organs for taste and smell. INTEROL 502 INTESTINE in'terol. Trade name of a mineral oil preparation employed as an intestinal lubricant. interol'lvary. Between the olivary bodies, interor'bital. Between the orbits. inteross'eal. Interosseous. interossei (in-tur-os'e-i). Plural of interosseus, which see under musculus. inteross'eous [L. inter, between, + os, bone ] Lying between 01 connecting bones, noting certain muscles and ligaments. inteross'eus. See under musculus interparietal (in"tur-pa-ri'e-tal) [L. inter, between, + paries(pariet-), wall.] Between the walls of a part, or between the parietal bones, i, bone, os interparietale. interparoxys'mal. Occurring between successive paroxysms of a disease. interpedunc'ular. Between any two peduncles. interphalangeal (in"tiu--fal-an'je-al). Between two phalanges, noting the joints of the fingers or toes. interphyletic (in-tur-fi-let'ik) [L. inter, between, + phyletic] Noting the transitional forms between two kinds of cells during the course of metaplasia. interpi'al. In the pia mater. interpo'lar Connecting or lying between the two poles, as of a ga vanic battery. interpositum (in-tur-poz'i-ttmi). See under velum. interproximal (in-tur-proks'i-mal) . In dentistry, between the adjoining surfaces of two teeth, interproximate. i. space, the triangular spafe between two adjacent teeth, divided into the buccal and lingual embrasures and the septal space (normally filled with the gingival septum) . interproz'imate. Interproximal. interpu'bic. Between the two pubic bones interra'died. Situated between radii or rays. interre'nal. Between the two kidneys, i. bod'y, the cortical portion of the adrenal gland in cer- tain fishes in which it is anatomically distinct from the medullary portion. . interrupt (in-ter-rupf) [L. inter, between, + rumpere, to break.] To break the continuity of anything, as of an electric current. interrup'ted. Intermittent, not continuous. interrup'ter. An appliance for repeatedly breaking a galvanic current. interssep'tum, intersep'tum [L.] The diaphragm. interscapil'ium [L.] Interscapulum. interscap'ular. Between the scapulae. interscap'ulum. The part of the back between the shoulders, or that between the scapula. intersciatic (in"tur-si-at'ik). Interischiadic. . inteisegmen'tal. Between two segments, such as metameres or myotomes. intersep'tal. Lying between two septa. in'terspace [L. inter, between, + spatium, space.] Any space between two similar objects, such as a costal interspace or interval between two ribs. diner'ic i., the surface separating two liquid phases.* interspi'nal. Between two spines, such as the spinous processes of the vertebrae, interspinous. interspina'lis. See under musculus. Interepi'nous. Interspinal. inter'stice [L. interstitium.] A small space, gap, or hole in the substance of an organ or tissue. interstitial (in-tur-stish'al). Relating to spaces or interstices in any structure, i. cells, the cells of the connective tissue of the seminiferous tubules and of the septa of the testis (Ley dig's cells), or of the connective tissue of the ovary, which are believed to elaborate the internal secretion of these glands, i. tissue, connective tissue. intersystole (in"tur-sis'to-le). IntersystoUc period, the a.-c. interval,* the period intervening between the systole of the atrivun and that of the ventricle of the heart. intertar'sal. Between the tarsal bones. intertinctus (in-tur-tink'tus) [L. inter, between, + tinclus, tinged.] Differentially colored, noting certain skin lesions. intertransversa'lis. Intertransversarius [BNA]; see under musculus. intertransverse (in"tur-tranz-vurs'). Between the transverse processes of the vertebrae. intertrigo (in-tur-tri'go) [L. inter, between, ierere, to rub.] Dermatitis occurring between two folds of the skin, as between the buttocks, between the scrotum and the thigh, etc. intertrochanteric (in"tur-tro-kan-ter'ik). Between the two trochanters of the femur. intertu'bular. Between or among tubules. interure'teral. Between the two ureters. interureter'ic. Interureteral. in'terval [L. inter, between, + vallum, wall.] A time or space between two periods or objects; a break in a current or the course of a disease; a period of rest between two of activity. a.-c. i., auriculocarot'id i., atriocaxot'id i., the time between the beginning of the auricular and that of the carotid waves in a tracing of the jugular pulse; the intersystolic period, c.-a. i., cardioarte'rial i., the time between the apex beat of the heart and the radial pulse beat, passive i., the period of rest of the heart, presphyg'mic i. [L. pr(B, before, + G. sphygmos, pulse], the brief period at the be- ginning of the ventricvdar systole during which the pressure is rising before the semilunar valves open. interventric'ular. Between the ventricles. intervertebral (in-tur-vur'te-bral). Between two vertebrae. i. disc, cartilago intervertebralis. i. foram'ina, passages formed by the coincidence of two notches of contiguous vertebrae. intervill'ous. Between or among villi. intestinal (in-tes'tl-nal). Relating to the intestine. i. juice, succus entericus, an alkaline straw-colored fluid secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn and the simple follicles ; its function is to complete the hydrolysis of carbohydrates and change them into invert sugar by means of the contained invertase and m,altase, and to complete, the hydrolysis of protein by means of erepsin; it contains also enterokinase which is believed to convert the . trypsinogen of the pancreatic juice into trypsin. intestine (in-tes'tin) [L. intestinum.'] The' digest- ive . tube passing from the stomach to the anus. It is divided primarily into, the' sm^ll i. (intestinum tenue) and the large i. (intestinum crassum) ; the small i. is further divided arbitrar- ily into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the large i. is divided into cecum and appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, and rectum. The duodenum is separated from the stomach by the pylorus or pyloric valve, and the ileum is separated from the cecum by the ileocecal valve, valvula* coli (BNA]. artificial opening into, enteroproctia, artificial anus, enterostomy, colostomy, attachment to abdominal wall, enteropexy. calculus, enterolith, enterolite, coprolith, coprolite, bezoar. congestion, enteiemia. dilatation, enterectasia. disease, enteropathy, enter- osis. downward displacement, enteroptosia, splanch- noptosia, visceroptosia, gaseous distention, enter- opneumatosis, tympanites, meteorism, flatulence, ohysocelia. gout, enteragra. hemor-hage, entero- -lemorrhage, enterorrhagia, enteromenja (vicarious menstruation) , melena, apoplexia intestinalis. hernia, enterocele, enteroepiolocele (with omentum), entero- cystocele (with bladder), enteromerocele (femoral) t INTESTINE S03 INTRAGYRAL incision into, enterotomy, duodenotomy, jejunotomy, ileotomy, appendico^omy ,cecotomy or typhlotomy, col- otomy , reototomy or proctotomy, inflammation, enter- itis, esoenteritis, duodenitis, jejunitis, ileitis, typhlitis, cecitis, appendicitis, colitis, sigmoiditis, proctitis, rectitis, enteromycodermitis, enteromucitis, entero- peritonitis. invagination, intussusception. joining two parts, enteroanastomosis, enteroplexy, enter- orrhaphy. movements of, peristalsis; reversed, anti- peristalsis; absence, aperistalsis; normal, euperistalsis; abnormal, dysperistalsis, enteiospasm. ^ noise in, borborygmus, bombus, vagitus. obstruction, enter- emphraxis, enterocle'sis, enteroperistole, ileus, volvu- lus, pain, colic, enteralgia, enterodynia, tormina. paralysis, enteropaialysis, enteroparesis, enteroplegia. parasite in, enterozoon, helminth, enterohemiinth (animal) , enteromyces (vegetable) . perforation, enter- obrosia. plastic operation, enteroplasty. pouch of, diverticulum, prolapse, hedrocele, proctocele, punc- ture, enterocentesis. removal of, devisceration, exen- teration, softening, enteromalacia. stricture, enter- ostenosis. traumatic division, enterodialysis. tumor, enteroncus. ulceration, enterelcosis, enterohelcosis. vicarious menstruation by, enteromenia. intestinotoz'in, Enterotoxin. intesti'num, pi. iniesti'na, gen. intestino'rum [L. en trail.] ^ 1 . Intestine. 2. [Neuter of intes- tinus.] Inward, inner, i. cse'cum [BNA], blind gut; see cecum, i. cras'sum [L. crassus, thick] [BNA], the large intestine, the portion of the digestive tube extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it comprises the cecum, colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, i. il'eum [BNA], twisted intestine, see ileum, i. jeju'num [BNA], empty intestine, see jejunum, i. rec'- tum [BNA], straight, intestine, see rectum, i. ten'ue [BNA], small intestine, the portion of the digestive tube between .the stomach and the cecum or beginning of the large intestine, it consists of three portions, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, i. ten'ue mesenteria'le [BNA], the freely mpvable portion of the small intestine supplied with a mesentery, comprising the , jejunum and ileum. intima (in'tl-mah) [L. fem. of intimus, inmost.] The tunica intima, or inner coat of a blood-vessel. in'timal. Relating to the intima or inner coat of a blood-vessel intimitis (in-tl-mi'(me')tis). Inflammation of an intima, endoangiitis (endoarteritis, endophlebitis). jntine (in'tin) [L. inius, within.] In botany, the endosporium or inner coat of,a pollen grain. in'toe. Hallux valgus. intol'erance [L. in- neg. -t- tolerare, to, bear.] Inca- pacity for bearing or enduring. intortion (in-tor'shun) [L. iniorius; in, in, -1- tqr- quere, to twist.] A turning or deviating inward. intoxation "(in-toks-a'shun) . Poisoning, especially by the toxic products of bacteria or poisonous animals, other than alcohol. intozica'tion [L. in, in, + G. ioxicon, poison.] 1. Poisoning. 2. Acute alcoholism, drunkenness. acid i., poisoning by acid products (beta-oxybu- tyric acid, diacetic acid, or acetone), formed in the organism as a result of faulty metabolism, or, by acids introduced from without. intra- [L. within.] A prefix denoting within, inside. intra-abdom'inal. Within the abdomen. intra-acinous (in-trah-as'in-us). Within an acinus. iutra-arachnoid (in-trah-ar-ak'noyd). Within or enclosed by the arachnoid membrane. intra-arte'rial. Within an artery or the arteries. intra-artic'ular [L. intra, within, -I- articulus, joint.] Within the cavity of a joint. intra-a'trial. Within one of the atria of the heart, intra-auricular. intra-aural (in'trah-aVral). Within the ear. intra-auric'ular. Within one of the auricles of the heart, intra-atrial. intrabronchial (in-trah-bron'kl-al). Within the bronchi or bronchial tubes. intrabucc'al [L. intra, within, + bucca, cheek.] Within the mouth; in the substance of the cheek. intracanalic'ular. Within a canaliculus or canaliculi. intracap'sular. Within a capsule, especially the capsule of a joint, i. fracture, fracture of the neck of the femur within the capsule of the hip- joint. intracar'diac [L. intra, within, -f- G. kardia, heart,] Endocardiac, intracordial. intracar'pal. Within the carpus, among the carpal bones. 2. On the inner side of the carpus. intracartilaginous (in"trah-kar-tl-laj'in-us). Within a cartilage or cartilaginous tissue. intrace'lial, intracce'lial [L. intra, within, -t- G. koilia, cavity.] Within any of the body cavities, especially within one of the ventricles of the brain; endoceliac. intracell'ular. Within a cell or cells. in"tracerebell'ar. Within the cerebellum. intracer'ebral. Within the cerebrum. intracer'vical. Within any cervix or cervical canal, as of the uterus. intracol'ic. Within the colon. intracor'dial [L. intra, within, + cor^cord-), heart.] Endocardiac, within one of the chambers of the heart. intracorporeal (in'trah-kor-por'e-al). 1. Within the body. 2. Within any structure anatomically styled a corpus. intracorpus'cular. Within a corpuscle, especially a red blood-corpuscle. intracos'tal. On the inner surface of the ribs, noting an internal intercostal muscle. intracra'nial. Within the skull. intracrurseus, intracrureus (in-trah-kru-re'us). The inner part of the crureus muscle, musculus* vas- tus intermedius. intracuta'neous. Within the substance of the - skin. i. reac'tiop, a tuberculous cutireaction fol- lowing the injection into the substance 6i the skin of a very minute quantity of tuberculin. intracys'tic. Within, a cyst or a bla,4der. in'trad. Toward the inner part. , , . , , ihtrader'mal, intrader'mic [L. intra,, within, + G. derma, skin.] Intracutaneous. . . intradu'ral. Within or enclosed by the dura mater. intraepiphyseal (in"trah-ep-!(-fiz'e-al). , Within the epiphysis of a long bone. , ..., intraepithelial (in"trah-ep-I-the'U-al). • Within , or, among the epithelial cells, interepithelial. intrafaradlza'tion. The application . of a . faradic , current to the inner surface of a cayity or hollow ; organ. intraiasoic'ular. . Within the fasciculi of a tissue or structure. ,, . intrafebrile (in-trah-fe'brll, in-trahrfeb'ril). During theiebrile stage of a disease, intrapyretic. intrafi'lar [intra, within, -I- filuffi, thread.] Lying . within the meshes of a network. intragalyaniza'tion. The application of a galvanic current to the interior of a cavity or hollow organ. intragas'tric. Within the stomach intragemmal (in"trah-jem'al) [L. intra, within, -I- gemma, bud.] Within any bud-like or bulb- like body, noting especially a nerve termination within an end-bulb. intraglan'dular. Within a gland or glandtilar tissue. intraglob'ular [L. intra, within, -I- globulus, globule.] Within a globule in any sense; specifically intro- corpuscular, within a red blood-corpuscle. intragyral (in"trah-ji'ral). Within a gryus or con- volution of the brain. INTRAHEPATIC S04 INTROVERSION intrahepat'ic. Within the liver. intrahyoid (in-trah-hi'oyd). Within the hyoid bone, noting certain accessory thyroid glands which lie in the hollow or within the substance of the hyoid bone. intralaiyn'geal. Within the larynx. intraligamen'tous. Within a ligament, especially the broad ligament of the uterus. intralo'bar. Within a lobe of a y organ or other structure. intralob'ulat. Within a lobule, noting especially the veins within the lobules of the liver. intraloc'ular. Within the loculi of any structure or part. intramastoiditis (in"trah-inas"toy-di'(de')tis). En- domastoiditis. intratned'ullaxy. Within the bone marrow; within the spinal cord; within the medulla oblongata intramem'branous. Within, or between the layers of, a membrane. intrameningeat (in"trah-men-in'je-al). Within or en- closed by the meninges of the brain or spinal cord. intramine (in-tram'en) . Trade name of a synthet- ic preparation, diortho-amino-thiobenzene, em- ployed in the treatment of syphilis as a substi- tute for salvarsan. intramu'ral. Within the wall of any cavity or hollow organ intramus'cular. Within the substance of a muscle. intramyocar'dial. Within the myocardiiim or wall of the heart. intrana'sal. Within the nasal cavity. intrana'tal [L. intra, within, -I- natalis relating to birth.] During or at the time of birth. intraneural (in-trah-nu'ral) [L. intra, within, + G. neuron, nervt.] Within a nerve. intranuclear (in"trah-nu'kle-ar) . Within the nucleus of a cell. intraoc'ular. Within the eyeball. intnior'al [L. os(pr-), mouth.] Within the mouth. Intraor'bital. Within the orbit. intraosseous (in-trah-os'se-us) [L. intra, within, + OS, bone.] Within the substance of a bone. intraos'teal [L. intra, within, + G. osteon, bone.] Endosteal, intraosseous. IntraOTa'rian. Within the ovary. intraparietal (in-trah-p4-ri'e-tal) [L. intra, within, + paries (pariet-), wall.] 1. Intramural, a. With- in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. intrapar'tum [L. partus, childbirth.] During deliv- ery or childbirth. intrapel'Tic. Within the pelvis. Intrapericar'diac, intraperica 'dial. Endopericardiac In'trapcTiton'eal. Within the peritoneal cavity. intraphyletic (in-trah-fi-let'ik) [L. intra, within, -t- phyletic] Noting morphological changes occur- ring during the growth and development of a cell. intrapi'al [L. t'»«, yoke.] i. Connecting, yoked. 2. Relating to the malar, or zygomatic, bone. j. bone, malar bone. j. lig'ament, ligamentum cor- niculopharyngeum. j. point, jugale. juga'le. Jugal point, a craniometric point corre- sponding to the angle between the vertical border and the margin of the zygomatic process of the malar bone. jugged. Noting a horse with intermittent swellings in glanders. juglan'dic acid. An acid from the bark of the butternut tree, Juglans cinerea. ju'glans, gen. juglan'dis. (N.P.) Butternut bark, the root bark of Juglans cinerea, a forest tree of eastern North America; employed as an hepatic stimulant and cathartic in doses of 5 1 (4 o) of the N.F. fluidextract. jugomax'illary. Relating to the malar bone, or zygomatic process, and the maxilla. JUGULAR SiQ JUXTAPOSITION jugular (ju'gu-lar) [L. jugulum, throat.] i. Relat- ing to the throat or neck. a. Relating to the jugular veins. 3. A jugular vein. j. foTa'men, a passage between the petrous portion of the temp- oral bone and the jugular process of the occipital, sometimes divided into two by the intrajugular processes; it contains the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, the glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nerves, and meningeal branches of the ascending pharyn- geal and occipital arteries, j. fossa, (i) an oval depression near the posterior border of the pet- rous portion of the temporal bone, to the inner side of the styloid process, ending at the jugu- lar notch; in it lies the beginning of the in- ternal jugular vein; (2) the hollow in the neck just above the sternal notch, j. notch, (i) incisura jugularis [BNA], prestemal, supra- sternal, or interclavicular notch, the slightly concave upper margin of the manubrium stemi between the clavicular facets; (2) the groove in front of the jugular process of the occipital bone; (3) a groove on the posterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the j. foramen is formed by the apposition of (2) and (3). j. process, a bony prominence projecting from the posterior half of the lateral portion of the occipital bone in the direction of the temporal, its anterior border forming the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen, j, tu'bercle, an oval elevation on the cerebral surface of the lateral part of the occipital bone, on either side of the foramen magnum, j. veins, see under vena. jugula'tion [L. jugulare, to cut the throat.] The abortion or sudden arrest of a disease by medicinal or other measures. ju'gulum [L.j Neck or throat. ju'gum, pi. ju'ga [L. a yoke ] A ridge or furrow connecting two points, j. alveola're [BNA], pi. ju'ga alveola'ria, alveolar yoke; one of the hol- lows on the anterior surface of the alveolar proc- esses between the ridges formed by the roots of the incisor teeth, j. cerebra'le[BNA], pi. jVgo cerebra'lia, cerebral projection; one of theele- ^rations on the upper surface of the orbital plates of the frontal bpne, in the anterior cranial fossa, alternating with depressions, the digitate impressions, j. penis, a forceps used for tem- porary compression of the penis, j. sphenoidale, a plane surface on the sphenoid bone, in front of the sella turcica, connecting the two lesser wings, and forming part of the anterior cranial fossa. juice (jus) [L. jMj.] 1. The tissue-fluid of a plant or animal. 2. A digestive secretion, cancer j., the liquid exuding from the cut surface of a can- ferous growth, gas'tric j., intes'tinal j., pancre- at'ic j., etc., see the qualifying words. Jum'ble-beads. Jequirity. jum'bo-soap. A hard, strongly alkaline soap, con- taining pumice, used in scrubbing the skin of the patient before operation. jum'bul. Jambul. jum'per. The subject of a nervous disorder mani- fested by a sudden jump or other violent move- , ment when the person is touched or suddenly ad- dressed in a loud tone. jumps (pi.). 1. Nervous twitching, jerks; chorea 2. Delirium tremens. junctu'ra, pi juncturts [L. a joining.] i. Articula- tion, joint. 2. Juncture; point, line, or surface of union of two parts, junctu'rae ten'dinum, slender fasciculi or bands running obliquely between the tendons of insertion of the extensor digitorum communis on the dorsmn of the hand. June cold. Rose-cold. Jung's mus'cle (yoong) [Karl Gustav Jung, Swiss anatomist, 1794-1864.] Musculus pyra- midalis auriculae. Jungbluth's va'sa pro'pria (yoong'bloot) [Hermann Jungbluth, German physician, contemporary.] Embryonic blood-vessels beneath the amnion. jungle-plant (jung'gl). Combreium sundiacum, a, climbing plant of southeastern Asia, the leaves and bark of which are reputed to be curative of the opium-smoking habit. junip'erus (N.P.). Juniper berries, the dried ripe fruit of Juniperus communis; diuretic and stimu- lant, employed in cystitis, chronic gonorrhea, and Bright's disease in the form of an infusion; dose, 51 (4.0) of the N.P. fluidextract. Junod's arm or boot (zhii-no') [Victor Theodore Junod, Parisian physician, 1809-1881.] An air- tight case into which the arm or leg is inserted and the air is then exhausted ; used to remove a por- tion of the blood temporarily from the circulation. jurispru'dence [L. jus, gen. juris, law + prudentia, providentia, provision.] The science of law. medical j., medicolegal science, forensic medicine, the practical interrelation of law and medicine; the application of medical science to the determi- nation of legal questions; the law in its bearing on the practice of medicine. jury-mast. An upright bar, of which the lower extremity is fixed in a plaster-of-Paris jacket or spinal support, and the upper recurving extremity carries a sling in which the chin and occiput rest ; used as a support to the head in cases of Pott's disease of the cervical vertebr£e. Jussieuan sys'tem (jus-e-u'an) [Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist, 1699-1776.], The natural system of botanical classification, as dis- tinguished from the artificial or Linnean* system. According to this all plants are grouped under three main divisions: Acotyledones (Crypto- gamia of Linn^), Monocotyledones, and Dicot- yledones, the latter being further divided into apetalous, monopetalous, and polypetalous. jus'to ma'jor (TL. larger than normal.] Noting a pelvis the diameters of which are greater than the average, .j. mi'nor [L. smaller than normal], noting a pelvis the diameters of which are below the average. Jus'tus's test [J. Justus, Himgarian dermatologist, contemporary.] A test for syphilis determined by the change in the hemoglobin average follow- ing a single dose of mercury, preferably by inunction : in secondary or tertiary or congenital syphilis the hemoglobin average falls during the first twenty hours following the administration of mercury and then rises higher than it was before the drug was given. jute (jut) [Bengali name.] Fiber from the inner bark of the plants Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius, natives of Asia; used in surgical dressings. juvan'tia [L. aids; juvare, to assist, help.] Adju- vants, remedies or appliances which assist or in- tensify the action of others. ju'venile [L. juvenis, young.] Young, characteristic of youth, relating to a child. juzta- [L. near to.] A prefix denoting close proximity to the part denoted by the word to which it is joined, as juxta-ariicular near a joint, juxiapyloric, adjoining the pylorus, etc. juxtaposition (juks-tah-po-zish'un). A position side by side, apposition, contiguity. S20 KARYOKINETIC K (For words not found under initial K, see under C.) K. Chemical symbol for potassium (L. kalium). Ka. Ca, abbreviation for cathode or cathodal. Kader-Senn opera'tion (kah'der) [Bronislaw Kader, Polish surgeon, contemporary; Nicholas Senn, American surgeon, 1844-1908.] An opera- tion for the establishment of a gastric fistula. A cone of the cardiac end of the stomach is brought out through a small incision; into the apex of this cone a glass tube is inserted and then pushed in so as to invaginate the cone, which is retained by a purse-string suture. Kah'ler's disease' [Kahler, Vienna physician, 1849- 1893.] Myelopathic albumosuria, multiple mye- loma; a destructive disease of the marrow of the bones forming the thoracic cage; the symp- toms consist in pains in the affected bones and spontaneous fractures, pernicious anemia, emacia- tion, debility, and the excretion by the kidneys of heteralbumose. kainite (ki'nit) [G. kainos, new.] A mineral earth consisting of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, of value as a fertilizer. kai'rin. Oxyquinoline-ethyltetrahydride hydrochlo- ride; a light grayish crystalline powder, of saline bitterish taste, soluble in water. Antipyretic in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). kairolin (ki'ro-lin). Chinolin-methyl hydrate, Ci,,- Hi,N, possessing antipyretic properties. Kaiser Brunnen, Prussia (ki'zer-broon-en). See Aix-la-Chapelle. Kaiserling's meth'od (ki'zer-ling) [Karl Kaiserling German pathologist, *i869.] Amethodof preserv- ing histological and pathological specimens with- out altering the color; the specimens are im- mersed in a solution of potassium nitrate 10, potassium acetate 30, formalin 750, distilled water to make 1000. kakidro'sis [G. kakos, bad, -t- hidrosis, perspiration.] Bromidrosis. kakke (kak'ka) [Jap.] Beriberi. kakos'niia. Cacosmia. kala azar (kah'lah-ah'zar) [Hind, kala, black, + azar, poison.] Tropical splenomegaly. Dum- dum fever ; a chronic, usually fatal, disease occur- ring in India, Assam, and other parts of tropical Asia, characterized by an irregular fever, enlarge- ment of the spleen, hemorrhages, dropsy, and extreme emaciation. The cause is a protozoan parasite, the Leishman Donovan body, or Leish- mania donovani, present in the spleen, liver, and other parts of the body. kalada'na (B.A.). Pharbitis nil, the dried seeds of Ipomasa hederacea; purgative and anthel- mintic in doses of gr. 30-50 (2.0-3.3). kalada'- n«e resi'na (B.A.), pharbitisin, prepared in the same way as resin of jalap ; purgative in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). ka'li [Ger.] Potassium. kallm'eteT, Alkalimeter. kalium [L.] Potassium. kallak' [Eskimo word meaning skin disease] A peculiar pustular dermatitis observed among the Eskimos of the Labrador coast; it is possibly a deficiency disease, due to lack of fat-soluble vitamines. kalmerid (kal'mS-rid). Trade name of an anti- septic preparation of potassium mercuric iodide, employed in the sterilization of catgut. Kal'muk type [Kalmuk, a Mongolian race in Asia and southern Russia.] Mongolian idiocy.* kama'la, kame'la. Rottlera, the hairs and glands from the capsules of Mallotus philippensis, a small evergreen' tree of India, Africa, and Austra- lia, occurring in the form of a reddish granular powder; purgative and anthelmintic in doses of 31-3 (4.0-12.0). kangaroo'-ten'don. A tendon from the tail of the kangaroo-rat or wallaby, fibers of which are used as a ligature material. kan'gri bum cancer. A squamous-celled epitheli- oma of the abdomen or thighs, occurring in natives of Kashmir; it is apparently localized by irritation from the kangri, a portable fire basket which the people carry under their clothes to keep themselves warm. kaoli'num (N.P. and Br.). Kaolin, fuller's earth, porcelain clay, aluminum silicate, powdered and freed from gritty particles by elutriation ; em- ployed occasionally as a dusting powder, but chiefly in the form of a poultice with glycerin. kaolino'sis. Pneumono- coniosis caused by the inhalation of clay dust. Kap'lan's test [D. M. Kaplan, New York serologist, contemporary.] For globulin; o . 5 c.c. of cerebrospinal fluid is heated in a test-tube until it boils up twice, then 3 drops of a 5 per cent, solution of butyric acid in physiological saline solution are added and followed immediately with o . 5 c.c. of a supersaturated ammonium sulphate solution; an excess of globulin shows itself by the appear- ance in 20 minutes of a thick granular ring. Kaposi's _ disease' (kah'-po-she) [Moriz Kohn Kaposi, Vienna dermatologist, 1837-1902.] Xeroderma* pigmentosum. Karell cure (kah'rel) [Philip J. Karell, Russian physician, ti886.] Treatment of cardiac weak- ness, renal insufficiency, and high blood-pressure by means of rest in bed and a restricted milk diet (not over a quart a day sipped in small quantities), continued for five or six days. Karlsbad, Germany. See Carlsbad. karyenchyma (kar-I-en'ki-mah). Caryenchyma. karyo-. For words so beginning (referring to the nucleus of a cell) see caryo-. karyokine'sis. Caryocinesia. karyokinet'ic. Caryocinetic. A Kangri, or Indian Fire Basket. KATA S21 KERANDEL'S SYMPTOM kata-. For words so beginning (katabolism, kata- lepsy, etc.) see cala-. Katal'ysine Springs, Pennsylvania. See Gettysburg Springs, Pennsylvania. katayama disease (kah-tah-yah'mah diz-ez') [Jap. Katayama, Mountainside, a town in Japan where the disease is common.] A disease marked by painful enlargement of the liver and spleen, dropsy, anemia, and dysenteric symptoms, with or without fever; it is caused by Schistosoma japonicum. kathisophobia (kath"!(-so-fo'b!l-ah) [G. kathisis, a sitting, + phobos, fear.] An inability to sit still. kath'odal, kath'ode. Cathodal, cathode. Kathrein's test (kaht'rfn). A i per cent, alcoholic solution of iodine is poured gently over urine in a test-tube; if bile pigment is present an emerald green color appears at the line of contact; same as Mar&hal's, Smith's, or Trousseau's test. kat'ion. Cation. katopho'ria. Catophoria. Eaufmann's meth'od (kowf'mahn) [Pritz Kauf- mann, German neurologist, *i875.] Treat- ment of psychogenic motor disturbances in soldiers by (i) suggestion, (2) the application of electricity causing marked sensory impres- sions, and (3) active exercises initiated by sharp military commands, the three procedures being carried out at one stance. kava (kah'vah) [Hawaiian name. ] (N.P.) Kava- kava, methysticum, the decorticated and dried rhizome of Piper methysticum; stimulant diuretic, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6) of the extract, and of nuio-is (0.6-1.0) of the N.F. fluidex- tract. kavse rhizoma (kah've-ri-zo'mah). (B.A.) Kava, methysticum. kavaine (kah'vah-en). Methjrsticine, an alkaloid from the kava-root; employed in cystitis, gout, and gonorrhea. kavatel oil (kah'vah-tel). An oil expressed from the seeds of Hydrocarpus wightiana, a tree of the Malabar Coast, used as a substitute for chaul- moogra oil. kayak ver'tigo (ka-yak') [Esquimo, kayak, a small fishing canoe.] A sudden fear which sometimes seizes an Esquimo fisherman when alone in his canoe (kayak) far from land; it is not always associated with dizziness and is really a phobia* rather than vertigo. Kayser's disease' (ki'zer). An affection marked by an intention tremor, a greenish discoloration of the cornea, and a general pigmentation of the body, associated with cirrhosis of the liver, splenomegaly, and diabetes. KBr. Potassium bromide. KC2H3O2. Potassium acetate. KCl. Potassium chloride. KCIO. Potassium hypochlorite, the solute of Javelle water. KCIO3. Potassium chlorate. KjCOj. Potassium carbonate, pearl-ash Kea'ting-Hart's meth'od [Walter Valentine de Keating-Hart, French physician, contemporary.] Pulguration in the treatment of external cancer or of the field of operation after the removal of a malignant growth. keda'ni disease' [Jap. kedani, head-louse.] Japan- ese* river fever, caused by the bite of a red tick. * Kee'ley cure [Leslie E. Keeley, American physician, 1832-1900.] A secret method of treatment of alcoholism, said to be by the administration of strychnine and of gold chloride. Keen's sign [William Williams Keen, Philadelphia surgeon, *i837.] "Increased width at the malleoli in Pott's fracture. kefir, kefyr. Kephir. Kehr's opera'tion. [Hans Kehr, German surgeon, * 1 8 6 2 .] Extirpation of the gall-bladder and cystic duct, followed by drainage of the hepatic duct. K.'s sign, violent pain in the left shoulder in a. case of rupture of the spleen. keirospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [G. keiro, I shear.] Shaving cramp, xyrospasm. Keith's bun'dle [Arthur Keith, London anatomist, *i86i.] Sinoatrial bundle.* K.'s node, sinoatrial node.* Keith and Flack's node [Arthur Keith; Martin Flack, English physiologist, contemporary.] Sino- atrial, or srnoauricular, node.* fcelectome (ke'lek-tom) [G. kelS, tumor, -1- ektome, excision.] An instrument employed, like the harpoon, to remove a, specimen of tumor-sub- stance for examination. kelene (ke'len) [G. klleo, I charm, beguile.] A trade name for ethyl chloride. ke'lis [G. a stain, spot, blemish.] a. Morphea, z Cheloid. Kell'ing's test [Georg Kelling, German physician, contemporary.] i. For lactic acid: the addition of a drop or two of a 5 per cent, solution of chloride of iron to the diluted stomach contents will produce a greenish-yellow color if lactic acid is present. 2. For malignant disease: the serum of a person with suspected cancer is mixed with a suspension of washed red blood corpuscles from a hen; hemolysis of the hen's corpuscles indicates a positive reaction. Kell'ock's sign. For the differentiation of a pleural effusion from pneumonia, vibration of the ribs occurring, when percussed, in the former condi- tion but not in the latter. Kelly's rec'tal spec'ulum [Howard A. Kelly, Baltimore surgeon, *i8s8.] A tubular spec- ulum, with obturator, for rectal examination. ke'Ioid [G. kele, a tumor (or kelis, a spot), 4- eidos, appearance.] x. Morphea, 2. Cheloid. ac'ne k., sycosis nuchae necrotizans. Ad'dison's k., morphea. Al'ibert's k., cheloid. ke'Ios. Keloid. keloso'mia, keloso'mus. Celosomia, celosomus. kelot'omy [G. kele, hernia, + tome, incision.] Her- niotomy, division of the constricting neck of the sac for the relief of strangulated hernia. kel'vin [Lord Kelvin (William Thompson), British physicist, *i824.] A commercial unit of elec- tricity of 1000 volt hours. kenopho'bia. Cenophobia. kenotozin (ken-o-tok'sin) [G. kenos, empty, ex- hausted.] Fatigue toxin.* Kent-His bun'dle [Stanley Kent, English physician and physiologist, contemporary; W. His, Jr.] His's bundle, atrioventricular bundle.* kentrokine'sia. Centrocinesia. kephal'dol [G. kephale, head, -I- L. dolor, pain.] Trade name of citrophenetidin-chininasodium citrate, a brown powder of bitter taste; antipy- retic and analgesic in doses of gr. lo-i 5 (o . 6-1 . o). keph'alin. Cephalin. kephir, kephyr (kef'er) [Caucasian name.] A curdled milk obtained by the addition of a fer- ment containing a lactic-acid bacillus and a yeast plant, k. grains, little masses or grains of the dried ferment used in preparing kephyr. keracele (ker'S-sel). Ceratocele. Kerandel's symp'tom (ker-an-del') [Jean Francois Kerandel, French colonial physician, *i873.] KERANDEL'S SYMPTOM S22 KERATOMALAC] Deep-seated hyperesthesia observed in cases of sleeping sickness. keraphyllocele (ker-4-fil'o-sel) [G. keras, horn, + phyllon, leaf, + kele, hernia, tumor.] A horn tumor on the internal face of the wall of a horse's foot. ker'asin. Cerasin. keratalgia (ker-S-tal'jI-ah) [G. keras, horn, + algos, pain.] Ceratalgia, pain in the cornea. keratectasia (ker-a-tek-ta'sl-ah) [G. keras, horn, + ekiasis, extrusion.] Keratoconus, staphyloma, protrusion of the cornea. keratec'tomy [G. keras (kerai-), horn, + ektome, excision.] . Excision of a greater or lesser portion of the cornea. kerat'ic [G. kerasQierat-), horn.] Homy, corneous. ker'atin [G. keras, horn.] Ceratin, epidermose; a scleroprotein or albuminoid present largely in cuticular structures such as hair, nails, horns, etc. ; it contains a relatively large amount of sulphur. It is insoluble in the gastric juices and it is for this reason sometimes used for coating pills which are intended to be dissolved only in the intestine. ker'atinize. To become homy. ker'atinoid. Trade name of a keratin-coated pill or tabloid. kerat'inous. Relating to keratin. keratitis (ker-a.-ti'(te')tis) [G keras, horn, + -itis.l Inflammation of the cornea; ceratitisT deep k., parenchymatous k. den'drifomi k., dendrit'ic k., inflammation of the cornea marked by a branch- ing linear ulcer, fascic'ular k., a phlyctenular k. followed by the formation of a band or fascicle of blood-vessels extending from the margin toward the center, herpet'ic k., inflammation of the cornea accompanying zoster, hypo'pyon k., purulent k. with perforating ulcer resulting in the presence of pus in the anterior chamber, inter- sti'tial k., parenchymatous k. k. bullo'sa, inflammation of the cornea with the formation of bullae, k, profun'da, deep k., a deep-seated inflammation of the cornea, accompanied with more or less opacity, of benign course, lagoph- thal'mic k., inflammation of the cornea from irritation caused by inability to close the eyelids. mar'ginal k., phlyctenular conjunctivitis occur- ring at the sderocomeal junction, neuropara- lyt'xc k., ulceration of the comea occurring with trigeminal paralysis, parenchy'matous k., inter- stitial k., a chronic inflammation, with cellular infiltration of the middle and posterior layers of the comea. phlycten'ular k., an inflammation of the corneal conjunctiva with the formation of small red nodules of lymphoid tissue (phlycten- ulae). punc'tate k., k. punctata, descemetitis ; the occurrence of small opaque spots on the pos- terior surface of the comea, occurring in inflam- mation of the uveal tract, reap'ers' k., traumatic k. due to a wound by a spicule of rye or other grain inflicted while harvesting, rib'bon-shaped I k., the presence of a grayish white band laterally across the comea in the aged, sclero'sing k., inflammation of the comea complicating scleritis. Buperfi'cial punc'tate k., the occurrence of numer- ous small grayish spots in the superficial layers of the comea with radiating lines and some fogging. I tracho'matous k., vascular k. vas'cular k., super fieial infiltration of the comea and roughness of the epithelial layer accompanied with a develop- ment of blood-vessels between Bowman's mem- brane and the epithelial layer; when pronounced it gives rise to pannus vasculoneb'ulous k., pannus. vesic'ular k., inflammation of the comea with the formation of numerous small vesicles i the surface, xerot'ic k., keratomalacia. kerato- [G. keras, horn.] A prefix denoting t comea or homy tissue or cells. Also, and cc rectly, written cerato-, under which see tho words not found here. keratoangio'ma [G. keras, horn, + angeion, vess( + -otna.'] Angiokeratoma. ker'atocele. Ceratocele. keratocente'sis. Ceratocentesis. keratoconjunctivitis (ker"a.-to-kon-junk-tI-vi' (ve' tis). Inflammation of the conjunctiva at tl border of the comea keratoco'nus [G. keras (kerai-), horn, -I- konos, com Conical comea, a conical protrusion of the cent of the comea due to non-inflammatory thinnii of the membrane. keratocri'coid. Ceratocricoid. keratoder'ma. Keratodermia. keiatodermatitis (ker"a-to-dur-ma,-ti'(te')tis) [( keras, horn, + derma, skin, + -itis.'] Inflammi tion with proliferation of the homy layer of tl skin, ceratodermatitis. keratodermia (ker"a-to-dtir'nJ-ah) [G. keras{kerai- hom, + derma, skin.] A more or less generalize hypertrophy of the homy layer of the epidermi ceratodermia. k. eccen'trica, porokeratosis, tl occurrence of patches of hypertrophy of tl homy layer with a wart-like elevated border. 1 palma'ris et planta'ris, k. symmefrica, the 0( currence of symmetrical patches of hypertroph of the homy layer of the epidermis, of troph origin, on the palms and soles. keratogen'esis [G. keras, hom, + genesis, produi tion.] The production or origin of homy cells c tissue. keratogenet'ic. Relating to keratogenesis. keratogenous (ker-3.-toj'en-us). Causing a growl of homy tissue, ceratogenous. keratoglo'bus [G. keras(kerai-), hom, + L. globu ball.] Buphthalmos. keratogloss'us. Ceratoglossus. keratohelco'sis [G. keras, hom(comea), + helkosi ulceration.] Ulceration of the comea. ker"atohy'alin. Eleidin. ker'atoid [G. keras, hom, + eidos, resemblance Homy, corneous; resembling corneal tissue. keratoiditis (ker-a-toy-di'(de')tis). Keratitis. keratoiridoscope (ker-S-to-i-rid'o-skop) [G. ken (kerat-), hom(comea), + iris(irid-) + skope^ I examine.] A lens or double lens used in tl inspection of the comea and iris. keratoiritis (ker-a-to-i-ri'(re')tis) [G. keras{kerat- hom (comea), + iris + -itis.l Inflammation ( both comea and iris. keratoleucoina(ker"a-to-lu-ko'mah)[G. feras(jfeera(- comea, -I- leukos, white, H- -oma.] A whii corneal opacity. keratol'ysis [G. keras(kerai-), hom, -I- lysis, soli tion.] I. Separation or loosening of the honi layer of the epidermis. 2. Specifically a disea: characterized by a shedding of the epidenn recurring at more or less regular intervals ; decii uous skin. keratolyt'ic. Relating to keratolysis; desquam; five. kerato'ma, pi. kerato'mata [G. keras, hom.] i . Ca losity, keratosis(2). 2. A homy tumor, k. di fu'sum, ichthyosis congenita, k. planta're su ca'tum, marked thickening of the epidermis the soles of the feet, seamed with numerous dee furrows, k. seni'le, senile k., one of the lesioi in keratosis senilis. keratomalacia (ker"a-to-mal-a'sI-ah) [G. keras, hor RATOMALACIA 523 KERY-RETZIUS COPUSCLES malakia, softness.] Xerotic keratitis, dryness ith ulceration and perforation of the cornea curring in cachectic children. itome. Keratotome. itometer (ker-S,-tom'e-ttir) [G. keras(kerat-), 3rn(cornea), + metrtyn, measure.] An in- rument for measuring the ciirvatures of the >rneal surface. .tom'etry. Measurement of the degrees of imeal curvature. itomycosis (ker-§,-to-nii-ko'sis) [G. kerasi,keral-), Dm(comea), + mykes, fungus.] Disease of the jmea due to the presence of a fungous growth. itono'sis [G. keras, horn.] Any abnormal non- .flammatory affection of the homy layer of the cin. Lton'osus [G. keras, horn, + nosos, disease.] ny disease of the cornea, ceratonosus. Ltonyzis (ker"S-to-niks'is) [G. keras{kerat-), horn, :omea), + nyxis, a pricking.] Puncture of the )mea ; specifically, operative puncture with a view ) couching or needling the lens in cataract; eratocentesis. atoplasty [G. keras (kerat-), hom(comea), + lasso, I form.] Trephining of the cornea; jmoval of a portion of the cornea containing an pacity and the insertion in place of it of a piece E the same size and shape removed from the eye E an animal; corneal grafting, op'tic k., trans- lantation of transparent corneal tissue to replace leucoma or a scar which obstructs vision, tec- )n'ic k., grafting of corneal material on a part •here it has been lost, without attempt to restore le transparency. itoscleritis (ker"a-to-skle-ri'(re')tis) [G. keras ierai-), hom(comea), + E. sclera + G. -itis.] [iflammation of both cornea and sclera. atoscope [G. keras, horn, + skopeo, I examine.] n instrument marked with lines or circles by leans of which the corneal reflex can be observed; lacido's^disc. itos'copy [G. keras(kerai-) , hom(comea), + zopia, an examining.] i. Examination of the ifiections from the anterior surface of the cornea L order to determine the character and amount of jmeal astigmatism. 2. A term first applied by uignet to his method of retinoscopy* on the leory that the phenomenoii was a corneal :flex. itose (ker'a-tos). Homy; relating to or marked y keratosis. ito'sic. Relating to or marked by keratosis. . cones, homy pointed or rounded elevations on le hands and feet, occasionally observed in cases : gonorrheal rheumatism. ito'sis [G. keras(kerat-), horn.] 1. Any disease : the epidermis, especially one marked by the resence of circumscribed overgrowths of the jrny layer. ■^. An individual lesion of this iture, more properly called keratoma, k. fol- lula'ris, Darier's disease, ichthyosis foUicularis, iorospermosis, an overgrowth of the homy layer : the epidermis spreading out from the openings : the hair-follicles, k. nigricans, acanthosis ^gricans, an affection marked by particles of !gmented, wartlike overgrowths, chiefly on the :in of the face, neck, and hands, in cases of sceral cancer, k. obtu'rans, laminated epithe- il plug, an accretion of epithelia in the external iditory canal, k. pila'ris, pityriasis pilaris, ;hen pilaris, roughening of the skin of the thighs id arms, especially in cold weather, by the for- .ation of plugs of homy epithelium in the open- igs of the hair-follicles, k. seborrhoe'ica, k. seborrho'ica, k. senilis, k. seni'lis, verruca senilis, senile warts, a growth of one or more patches of corneous hypertrophy on the face in old age. k. suprafollicula'ris, k. pilaris. ker'atotome. Keratome, a knife used for incising ■ the cornea. keratot'omy [G. keras{kerat-), horn (cornea), -1- tome, incision.] Incision through the cornea. keraunoneurosis (kS-raw"no-nu-ro'sis) [G. keraunos, thunderbolt, -I- neuron, nerve.] A neurosis excited by a stroke of lightning or resulting from fright caused by a thunder storm. keraunophobia (kS-raw"no-fo'bI-ah) [G. keraunos, thunder and lightning, + phobos, fear.] Extreme fear of thunder and lightning; kerec'tomy. Keratectorny. ke'rion [G. honeycomb.] A single hypertrophic lesion of tinea tonsurans, similar to granuloma trichophy ticum . keritherapy (ke-r5!-ther'S,-p!). Kerotherapy. Kerk'ring's folds [Theodor Kerkring, Dutch anato- mist, 1640-1693.] K.'s valves. K.'s nod'ule, nodulus valvulse semilunaris. K.'s oss'icle, an occasional independent center of ossification in the occipital bone, in the middle of the posterior border of the foramen magnum. K.'s valves, transverse folds of mucous membrane in the small intestine, plicae* circulares, valviJse conniventes. kermes-mineral (kur'mez-min'er-al) [kermes, a red dye.] Antimonium sulphuratum, a mixture of antimony sulphide and oxide. Ker'nig's sign [Waldemar Kernig, St. Petersburg physician, *i84o.] When the subject lies upon the back and the thigh is flexed to a right angle with the axis of the trunk, complete extension of the leg on the thigh is impossible; present in various forms of meningitis. kern-plas'ma rela'tion the'ory [Ger. kern, kernel, nucleus.] A theory enunciated by Hertwig (1903) that a definite relation as to size normally exists in every cejl between the mass of nuclear material and that of the protoplasm. kerocaine (ker'o-kah-en) . Trade name of novo- caine of English manufacture. ker'oid [G. keroeides, hom-shaped, horn-like.] Keratoid. kerotherapy (ke-ro-ther'S,-pif) [G. keros, wax, -|- tkerapeia, treatment.] Treatment of burns and denuded surfaces by ambrine or similar wax or paraffin preparations. ketogenic (ke-to-jen'ik) [ketone{a,ceton.e) + gennao, I produce.] Producing acetone. ke'tol, ke'tole. Indol. ke'tone [from acetonef] A substance, with the characterizing atom group (CO) linking two hydrocarbon groups; there are a number of ketones, the most important in medicine being dimethylketone, or acetone. ketoplas'tic [ketone {acetone) + plassd, I form.] causing the formation of acetone, or its excretion in the urine and breath. ke'tose. A carbohydrate containing the charac- terizing group of the ketones (CO). keynote (ke'not). In homeopathy, one of the characteristic symptoms of a drug, serving as a guide for the exhibition of the remedy when a, similar symptom occurs in disease. Key-Ret'zius cor'puscles [Ernst Axel Henrik Key, Swedish physician, 1832-1901; Magnus Gustaf Reizius, Swedish histologist, *i842.] Tactile cor- puscles, resembling those of Pacini, fe^nd in the beak of certain aquatic birds. K.-R. foram'ina, openings in the pia mater transmitting the choroid plexus to the fourth ventricle. KEYSTONE MINERAL SPRING 524 KIDNEY Key'stone Mln'eral Spring, Maine. Mild alkaline- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in dyspep- sia, and in inflammatory renal, bladder, and genitourinary disorders. kharsivan (kar'si-van) . Trade name of an English made substitute for salvarsan, used in the same manner and dosage as the latter. khat. An Abyssinian drink made from Catha* edulis. KHCO3. Potassium bicarbonate. KHSO4. Acid potassium sulphate, potassium bisulphate. KI. Potassium iodide. kibe (Hb). A chap, a chilblain. Xickapoo' Magnet'ic Springs, Indiana. Light alka- line-calcic waters, 50° P. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, dyspepsia, irrita- bility of the bladder, and prostatitis. kid'ney [A. S. cwith, womb, belly, -t- neere, kidney.] One of the two organs (L. ren, G. nephros) which excrete the urine. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, about 4^ in. in length, 2 in. in width, and li in. in thickness, lying on either side of the spinal column, behind the peritoneum, about opposite the twelfth thoracic and first three lumbar vertebrae. At the inner edge of each kidney is a concave depression, the hylus, where the vessels and nerves enter and leave the organs and where the ureter emerges ; the hylus leads into the renal sinus, a hollow containing the pelvis and calyces and the branching blood-vessels. The kidney is enclosed in a fibrous envelope, the capsule, which dips into the sinus at the hilus. The substance of the organ is divided into cortex and medulla; the former is darker colored and more granular in appearance than the latter; it contains the Malpighian corpuscles and most of the convoluted tubides; the medulla is lighter in color and striated and contains the majority of the straight tubules ; it is formed of the pyramids whose bases rest in the cortex and whose apices are the renal papillas at which point the central collecting tubule opens into a calyx, this in turn emptying into the pelvis of the kidney from which the water passes into the ureter and so reaches the urinary bladder. The pyramids are made up of tubules; each tubule begins at the glomerulus, or Malpighian corpuscle, in the cortex; it is first con- voluted, then enters the pyramid, passing down toward the papilla, near which it turns back on itself, the turn being called Henle's loop, it then ascends to the cortex, where it is again convoluted (being called the irregular tubule), and returns to the pyramid in the center of which it empties into the straight collecting tube, which terminates, usually after uniting with others, at the apex of the papilla. Projections of masses of tubules pass up into the cortex, being known as medullary rays, while the cortical substance often passes down between the pyramids, forming the so-called columns of Berlin; the cortical substance between the medullary rays is also called the labyrinth. am'yloid k., amyloid degeneration of the kidneys, associated usually with a similar process in the spleen and liver, caused frequently by prolonged suppuration ; the kidneys are large, firm, and pale, the cortex being especially thickened and having a glistening appearance on section ; the infiltration of amyloid material affects first the glomeruli and later the tubules as well, arteriosclerot'ic k., granular k. cicatric'ial k., the irregularly con- tracted and deformed k. resulting from suppura- tive pyelonephritis, cirrhot'lc k., granular k. contrac'ted k., granular k., small white k. cya- not'ic k., passive congestion of the k. cys'tic k., one which contains one or more cysts filled with a clear or brownish serous fluid or colloid matter. diaphragmat'ic lig'ament of the k., that segment of the mesorchium which extends to the diaphragm. fat'ty k., large white k., soapy k. float'ing k., the abnormally mobile kidney in nephroptosia. gout'y k., granular k. gran'ular k., chronic interstitial nephritis; an affection of the k. characterized by hyperplasia and contraction of the interstitial connective tissue, with induration of the organ ; usually associated with arteriosclero- sis, heart k., the small granular k., due to sclerosis, occurring in certain cases of valvular heart disease, horse'shoe k., union of the lower extremities of the two kidneys by a band of tissue extending across the vertebral column, in'gui- nal lig'ament of the k., the segment of the mes- orchium extending to the inguinal region, k. of preg'nancy, a pathological change in the kidneys, said to occur in about 80 per cent, of all cases of pregnancy, consisting in anemia with fatty infil- tration of the epithelia, without inflammation; the urinary symptoms are albuminuria and some- times granular and hyaline casts with fatty renal epithelia. larda'ceous k., amyloid k. large white k., the enlarged kidney with smooth or nodu- lar surface, thin non-adherent capsule, thick white cortex, and large red pyramids, occurring in cer- tain cases of chronic parenchymatous nephritis; the principal change is a fatty degeneration of the epithelium and glomeruli, the convoluted tubules are filled with casts composed of desqua- mated fatty epithelium, mov'able k., floating k. pal'pable k., a slight degree of nephroptosia. sclerot'ic k., granular k. small white k., a form of chronic parenchymatous nephritis in which the organ is little if at all increased in size ; the capsule is thickened and moderately adherent, and there is some proliferation andvcontraction of the interstitial connective tissue; there is fatty degeneration of the epithelium and glomeruli, soap'y k., the large white k., which is said to contain myelins, consisting of fatty acids in combination with potassium and sodium, and not simple fats, sur'gical k., suppurative pyelone- phritis, resulting from extension of disease from the lower urinary passages, wan'dering k., floating k. wax'y k., amyloid k. abscess, nephrapostasis, nephropyosis, i^yonephrosis, calculus, nephrolith, calculous formation, nephro- lithiasis, lithonephria. capsule division or ezcision, decapsulation, renipuncture, nephrocapsectomy, renal capsulotomy, nephrotomy, Edebohl's operation. congestion, nephremia, nephrohemia. contraction. nephrarctia, nephromiosis, nephrostenosis. cystic formation, nephrocystosis. description, nephrography. disease, nephropathy, nephresia, nephrism. Bright s disease, downward displacement, nephroptosia. drop- sy, nephredema, nephydrops, hydronephrosis, enlarge- ment, nephrectasia, nephrauxe, nephromegaly, neph- rohypertrmihy, nephroncus. excis on, nephrectomy. fixation of wandering, nephropexy, nephrolixation, renifixation, nephrorrhaphy, renisuture. floating, nephroptosia, ren mobile, ectopia renis, nephrospasis. hardenmg, nephrosclerosis, hemorrhage from, neph- rorrhagia. hemorrhage into, nephrapoplexy. hernia, nephrocele, inactivity, nephrapragmonia, nephranu- ria^ nephratony, nephroparalysis, nephroplegia. in- cision, nephrotomy, inflammation, nephritis, nephro- phlegmasia, pyelonephritis, nephropye itis, pyelitis, glomerulitis, glomem'onephritis, chalazonephritis, nephrochalazosis, nephroooocosis, nephria, Bright's disease, nephrapostasis. pain, nephralgia, nephrody- nia, nephrocolica, renal colic, colica renalis, nephro- dysneuria, dolor nephriticus. pus in, pyonephrosis, nephropyosis, nephrapostasis. science relating to, nephrology, small, renculus, reniculus, renulus. softening, nephromalacia. ulceration, nephrelcosis. unnary retention, hydronephrosis, nephrydrosis, nephrydrops. LIENBOECK UNIT 525 KING'S EVIL Senboeck u'nit (ken'bek) [Robert Kienboeck, Austrian radiologist, *i87i.] A unit of a;-ray measurement (abbreviation X), equal to -j^j erythema dose. aer'nan's space [Francis Kiernan, English physician, 1800-1874.] Interlobular space in the liver. [iesselbach's a'rea (ke'sel-bahkh) [W. Kiesselbach, German laryngologist, 1839-1902.] An area on the anterior portion of the nasal septum above the intermaxillary bone, where there is a network of large capillaries, which is often the seat of epistaxis. ifus'sa. Sleeping-sickness. Ul'ian's line [Hermann Friedrich Kilian, German obstetrician, 1800—1863.] ^ transverse line marking the promontory of the sacnun. K.'s pel'vis, pelvis spinosa. Qll'ian opera'tion [Gustav Killian, German laryn- gologist and rhinologist, *i86o.] For frontal sinus disease: A skin incision is made from the inner third of the edge of the orbit to the root of the nose, the periosteal incision being a little higher up ; the entire anterior wall is removed and the mucous membrane is curetted away; the ethmoid cells are scraped out through an opening in the nasal process of the maxillary bone, and the upper wail of the orbit is removed as well. [il'ogram, kil'ograinnie [Fr. kilogramme; G. chilioi, one thousand, + gramma, mark.] In the metric system, a weight of rooo grams, or i cubic deci- meter of water; equivalent to 15,432.35 grains, or about 2 . 2 lbs, avoirdupois, or 2 . 7 lbs. troy. ciloliter, kilolitre (kil'o-le-ter) [G. chilioi, one thous- and.] A measure of 1000 liters, equivalent to about 1056 quarts. dl'ometer, kil'ometre [G. chilioi, one thousand.] A measxu-e of 1000 meters, equivalent to 3,280.8 ft., or 0.621 mile; roughly, 8 kilometers equal 5 miles. [ilonem (kil'o-nem) [kilogram, or liter, -|- G. nemo, I feed upon.] A unit of nutritive value, the equivalent of 667 calories, furnished by one liter of milk. alurane (kil'u-ran). A unit of radioactivity equivalent to 1000 uranium units. an--, kine- [G. kinesis, movement.] A prefix denoting movement. Words so beginning are also written cin-, cine-. :in£esthe'sia. Kinesthesia. inanesthesia, Mnansesthesia (Idn-an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. kinesis, motion, -f- an- priv. 4- aisthesis, sen- sation.] A disturbance of deep sensibility in which there is inability to perceive either direction or extent of movement, the result being ataxia. inase (kin'az) [G. kinesis, movement, + -ase.] A colloidal substance formed in certain organs, as the intestine, which activates the enzymes with which it comes in contact. inectine (ki-nek'ten) [kinine (quinine) -|- hec- tine.] Trade name of a mixture or compound of quinine hydrochloride and hectine, said to be quinine benzosulphone-para-aminophenylar- senate; recommended in rhinitis, hay-fever, influenza, and malaria. inemat'ics [G. kinema(kinemat-), motion.] The science of motion. inesal'gia [G. kinesis, motion, + algos, pain.] Pain caused by muscular movement. ine'sia [G. kinesis, njovement.] The s3anptom- complex caused by unwonted motion ; seasickness, car-sickness, swing-sickness, etc. inesial'gia. Kinesalgia. inesiatrics (ki-ne-sl-at'riks) [G. kinesis, movement, 4- iatrikos, relating to medicine.] The therapeutic employment of movements, either active or passive, kinesitherapy, movement-cure. kinesiesthesiometer, Mnesisesthesiometer (kin-es"e- es-the-zl-om'e-ter) [G. kinesis, movement, + aisthesis, sensation, + meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the muscular sense. kinesim'eter [G. kinesis, movement, -I- meiron, measure.] An instnmient for measuring the extent of a movement. kinesiod'ic [G. kinesis, motion, + hodos, way.] Relating to the paths by which motor impulses travel. Mnesiol'ogy [G. kinesis, movement, + -logia.] The science of movement, especially of the therapeutic use of movements; kinematics, kinesiatrics, kinesitherapy. kinesiom'eter. Kinesimeter. klnesioneurosis (ki-ne"si-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. kinesis, movement, + neuron, nerve, + -osis.l A neurosis, or functional nervous disease, marked by tics, spasms, or other motor disorders. Tas'ctilar k., angioneurosis. kinesip'athist. A non-medical person who treats disease by movements of various kinds, a move- ment-curist. kinesipathy (ki-ne-sip'a-tM) [G. kinesis, movement, + pathos, suffering.] i. An affection marked by motor disturbances, z. Kinesitherapy. kinesiphony (ki-nes'i-fo-n!) [G. kinesis, movement, + phone, sound. ] Reeducation of the auditory function by means of a buzzer. kinesitherapy (ki-ne-sl-ther'a-pl) [G. kinesis, move- ment, + therapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic employment of movements, both active and pas- sive; kinesiatrics, movement-cure. kinesthesia, kinsesthesia (ki-nes-the'zJ-ah) [G. kinesis, motion, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. The sense perception of movement ; the muscular sense. ^2. An illusion of moving in spacp. kinesthesiometer, kineesthesiometer (ki-nes-the-zl- om'e-tur) [G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the degree of muscular sensation. kinesthet'ic, kinaesthet'ic. Relating to kinesthesia, or the sensation or feeling of muscular movement. kinet'ic [G. kinetikos.] 1. Relating to motion or muscular movements. 2. A hypothetical sub- stance supposed to excite ameboid movement in leucocytes, k. drive, excessive excitation of the k. system, k. sys'tem, a term proposed by Crile to denote the chain of organs through which, latent energy is transformed into motion and heatr it includes the brain, the thyroid, the adrenals, the liver, the pancreas, and the muscles. kinetics (ki-net'iks) [G. kinetikos, movable.] The branch of mechanics which has to do with mat- ter in motion and the forces which propel it. kinetograph'ic [G. kinetos, movable, + graphikos, recording.] Relating to a graphic record of movements. kinetonucleus (ki-ne-to-nu'kle-us) [G. kinetes, one that sets in motion.] An aggregation within the protozoan cell of the assumed specific material upon which the motor activities of the animal depend; division center, motion nucleus. kinetoplasm, kinetoplasma (Id-ne'to-plazm, ki-ne- to-plaz'mah) [G. kinetes, an originator, mover, -f- plasma, a thing formed.] The chromophile substance, or tigroid masses, in the nerve-cells, so called because it is present only when the cells begin to perform their proper function. kinetosis (ki-ne-to'sis) [G. kinetikos, kinetic, -f -osis.] Kinesia. king's e'vil. Scrofula, which was formerly thought to be curable by the touch of a king. KINO 526 KNEE ki'no (U.S., Br.). The inspissated juice of Pterocar- pus tnarsupium, a forest tree of India and Ceylon, occurring in the form of dark red, shining, brittle masses of an astringent taste, slightly soluble in water; employed in diarrhea and dysentery and in diabetes in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). '^• eucalyp'ti (B.A.), eucalyptus kino. Botany Bay kino, an exudation from the stem of various species of Eucalyptus; astringent; dose, gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). kinocentrum (ki-no-sen'trum) [G. kineo, I move, + keniron, center.] Zimmermann's term for cen- trosome. kinol'ogy. Kinesology kinoin'eter. Kinesimeter. kin'one. Quinone. ki'noplasm [G. kineo, I move, + plasma, a thing formed.] The portion of the protoplasm of a cell upon which its motor activity depends; kineto- plasm. kinoplas'tic. Relating to the formation of kino- plasm, or to the laying down of the anlage or primitive trace of muscular tissue. kinotoxin (ki-no-tok'sin) [G. kineo, I move.] Ponogen, fatigue toxin.* kin'ovin. Quinovin, a glucoside, CjoHjgOj, obtained from cinchona. kionectomy, kionitis, etc. See cioneciomy, cionitis, etc. Einnisson's meth'od (ker-me-sawn') [Edouard Kirmisson, French surgeon, *i848.] Transplan- tation of the tendo Achillis to the peroneus lon- gus muscle, complementary to the Phelps opera- tion for club-foot. kirrhonosis (kir-ron-o'sis) [G. kirrhos, tawny, -(- -dsisl\ Cirrhonosus. Kirstein's meth'od (ker'stin) [Alfred Kirstein, Ger- man physician, *i863.] A method of inspection of the larynx without a laryngoscope, by inclining the head far back and depressing the tongue; autoscopy Kissingen, Bavaria (kis'ing-en). Saline-chalybeate- carbonated waters. Cold. Several springs. Used for drinking and bathing in mental exhaus- tion, anemia, diseases of the heart, kidneys, and liver, gout, congestions, obesity, chronic gastric and intestinal catarrh, constipation, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, neuralgia, chronic joint pains, malarial cachexia, chronic headache, skin dis- eases, bronchial catarrh, scrofula, diseases of women, and general debility. May 1 to Octo- ber I. Kitt'el'a meth'od [M. J. Kiilel, German physician, contemporary.] Dispersion of the uratic deposits in gouty joints by massage and manipulation. Kjeldahl's meth'od (kyel'dahl) [J. Kjeldahl, Danish chemist, 1849— 1900.] A method for determin- ing the amount of nitrogen in any organic com- poiind; the substance is treated with hot con- centrated sulphuric acid and the reaction product is distilled with an excess of caustic soda or potassa ; the quantity of ammonia in the distillate is then determined and from this the nitrogen content is ascertained. Kl. Abbreviation for klang. Klam'ath Hot Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- sulphurous-carbonated waters. Used by drink- ing and bathing in gout, rheumatism, synovitis, dyspepsia, chronic skin diseases, and other dis- orders. klang (klahng) [Ger. soimd.] Term used in reaction formulae (usually abbreviated to Kl) to indicate a response of the auditory nerve to an electrical stimulus. Klapp's meth'od [Rudolph Klapp, Berlin surgeon, ♦1873.] Treatment of scoliosis by a series of systematic crawling movements whereby ^ the spine is bent laterally and made more flexible. K.'s suc'tion cups, cupping glasses of special shapes to fit various portions of the body, used to induce hyperemia in Bier's* method. Klausner's reac'tion or test (klows'ner) [E. Klausner, Prague physician, contemporary.] The servmi of a person suspected of syphilis is covered, in a test- tube, with distilled water; if syphihs is present a turbidity, due to precipitating globulin, is noted at the plane of contact. Klebs' tuber'culins. See under tuberculin. Klebs-Loeff'ler bacil'lus [Edwin Klebs, German physician, 1834-1913 ; Friedrich August Johannes Loejfier, German physician, *i852.] Bacillus diphtherias. Klein - Gumprecht shad'ow nu'clei (klln-goom'- prekht) Shadow-nuclei in degenerating lymph- oidocytes and macrolymphocytes in leucemia. Klem'perer's tuber'culin [Georg (*i865) and Felix (*i866) Klemperer, German physicians.] See under tuberculin. kleptoma'nia. Cleptomania. kleptoma'niac. Cleptomaniac. kleptopho'bia. Cleptophobia. Klip'pel's disease' [Maurice Klippel, French neurol- ogist, *i858.] Arthritic general pseudoparal- ysis.* kliseom'eter [G. klisis, inclination, + meiron, measiire.] An instrument for measuring the degree of inclination of the pelvis ; see cliseometer. Klu'ge's meth'od [Karl Alexander Ferdinand Kluge, German obstetrician, 1782-1844.] The induction of premature labor by dilatation of the cervix with specially prepared sponges; a modification of Bruenninghausen's method. K.'s sign, Jac- , quemier's* sign. Klumpke's paral'ysis (kloomp'keh) [Madame A. D^j6rine Klumpke, Parisian neiirologist, contem- porary.] Atrophic paralysis of the forearm with paresthesia and irregularity of the pupils. KMnOj. Potassium permanganate. KjUn^O,. Potassium permanganate. Knapp's for'ceps [Herman Knapp, New York oph- thalmologist of German birth, 1832— 191 1.] A small forceps, the blades of which are formed of rollers, employed to express trachomatous granu- lations on the palpebral conjunctiva. (See cut on p. 469.) K.*s streaks or strise, pigmented lines, resembling blood-vessels, seen sometimes in the retina after a hemorrhage there. Knapp's Trachoma Forceps, or Roller Forceps. Knapp's test. For sugar in the urine : upon heating with a mixture of mercuric cyanide and sodic hydrate, metallic mercury is precipitated if sugar is present. knee [A.S. cnedw.'] i. The articulation between the femur and the tibia, covered anteriorly by the patella, i. In the hqrse the collective carpal joints. 3. In anatomy, any recurved structure resembling a semiflexed knee, genu. Brodie's k., white swelling, chronic fvmgoid synovitis of the knee, broken k., any injury of the knee in the horse, varying in severity from a superficial KJNiiJli S27 KOCH'S BACILLUS wound to a fractured bone, and due to violence, usually a fall, capped k., swelling of the bursa of the extensor metacarpi magnus muscle in cattle, usually caused by injury to the knees in getting up and down on hard floors or by the entrance of thorns into the knee ; the condition is marked by stiffness and pain in the knee with heat and swelling, hooped k., the knee of a horse marked by the presence of exostoses, house'maid's k., in- flammation of, with serous effusion into, the pre- patellar bursa, inter'nal derange'ment of the k., see Hey. deformity, gonycampsis; genu valgum, genu introrsun', knock-knee, in-knee, gonycrotesis; genu varum, genu extrorsum, out-knee, bow-egs, gonyectyposis, genu recurvatura. excision, gonarthrectomy. forcible cor- rection of deformity, gonyclasty, genuclasty. gout, gonagxa, gonyagra, gonatagm. incision, gonarthrot- omy. inflammation, gonarthritis, gonarthromenin- gitis, gonitis, gonocace, gonarthrocace, gonyccele, white swelling: meniscitis (of semilunar cartilages). pain, gonalgia, gonyalgia, gonatalgia. swelling, gono- cace, gonarthrocace, hydrarthrus genu, white swelling, gonyocele, gonocele, gonyonous, gonatocele. knee-cap. Patella. knee-jerk. Patellar reflex.* crossed adduc'tor k.- j., MacCormac's* reflex. knee-joint, Articulatio genu, articulation between the femur and the tibia capped by the patella. knee-pan. Patella. knee-re'flex. Knee-jerk, patellar reflex.* knee-sprung. Noting a horse having knees more or less flexed in consequence of traction of the tendons at the back of the leg. Kneipp meth'od (knip) [Sebastian Kneipp, German empiric, a priest at Worrishofen, iSzr-iSg?.] The treatment of disease by hydrotherapy in various forms — douches, wet packs, full and local baths, compresses, vapor baths, walking barefoot in the dew of early morning, etc.; especially cold effusions, the body being allowed to dry by evaporation. Kneippism (knip'izm). Kneipp* method. knife (nif) [A.S. cnif.] An instrument for cutting, consisting of a blade sharpened on one or both edges set in a handle. Hays' Knipe-needle por Cataract Discission. knife-nee'dle. A very narrow, needle-pointed knife used in the operation of discission of a cataract. knitt'ing. The process of union of the fragments of a broken bone. KMO3. Potassium nitrate, niter, saltpeter. knock-knee. In-knee, genu valgum. knock-out drops. A popular name for chloral alcoholate given with criminal intent to produce rapid coma in the intended victim, it is formed by adding chloral hydrate to beer or some stronger alcoholic liquor. knot (not) [A.S. cnotia.'] t. An intertwining of the ends of two cords, tapes, or other elongated flexible bodies in such a way that they cannot be separated; or a similar twining or infolding of a cord in its continuity. ■ 2. In anatomy or pathol- ogy, a node, ganglion, or circumscribed swelling suggestive of a knot, double k., (i) one like the square k., in which, after the single k. is made, the ends are turned back and tied again in the same way; (2) friction k. friction k., one in which the ends of the cord are passed twice around each other before being pulled taut granny k., a double k. in which the two stretches of cord do not pass together under the loop but are separated by it. Hensen's k., protochordal k., see Hensen. protochord'al k., Hensen's* knot, reef k., square k. - square k., a double k. in which the two stretches of cord pass under the loop in contact with each other. Staffordshire k., Tait's k. stay k., two ligatures are passed aroimd an artery side by side and a single knot is tied in each, then the two ends on each side are treated as one and tied together to complete the double knot, surgeon's Knots: j. Granny knot; a, square knor; 3, surgeon's knot; 4, clove hitch. k., a friction k. made double by recrossing the ends and tying a simple k. over the first. Tait's k., a double ligature is passed through the sub- stance of the pedicle of an ovarian tumor; the loop is then reversed over the end of the pedicle and placed between the two free ends of the liga- ture which are tied over it. vi'tal k.-, vital cen- ter, the respiratory center in the medulla. Staffordshire, or Tait's Knot Knox's pow'der. Calx chlorinata. knuckle (nuk'l). i. A finger joint. n. The loop of intestine in a hernia. knuckling (nuk'ling). Talipes in the horse, caused by a contraction of the posterior fetlock tendons. Ko'belt's cysts [Georg L. Kobelt, German physician, 1804-1857.] Cystic dilatation of portion of the parovarium. K.'s tubes, tubes proceeding from the paroophoron, not connecting with the Wolffian body and ovary. Ko'bert's test [Eduard Rudolf Kobert, German physiological chemist, *i854.] For hemoglobin: this is precipitated by zinc, and the precipitate turns red on the addition of an alkali. KOC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening con- traction ; also written COC. Koch's bacil'lus (kokh) [Robert Koch, German bacteriologist, 1843-1910.] i. Bacillus iubercti-' hsis. 2. Spirillum cholercB asiaticm. K.'s law, to establish the specificity of a microorganism, it must be present in all cases of the disease, inocu- KOCH'S BACILLUS S2S KORSAKOFF S PSYCHOSIS lations of its pure cultures must produce the same disease in animals (when it is transmitted to such), and from these it must be again obtained and be propagated in pure cultures. K.'s l3fmph, tuberculin. K.'s phenom'enon, the reaction, or rise of temperature and increase of the local lesion, in a tuberculous subject following an in- jection of tuberculin. Koch's node (kokh) [Walter Koch, German army- surgeon, *i88o.] Tawara's"* node, AschoflE's node. Koch-Ehrlich stain (kokh-erlikh). Add 2 c.c. of anilirie oil to 98 c.c. of distilled water, shake, and filter; then add to 73 c.c. of this filtrate 25 c.c. of a concentrated alcoholic solution of fuchsin, gentian violet, or methylene blue. Koch-Weeks bacil'lus [see Koch; John Elmer Weeks, New York ophthalmologist, *i853.] The cause of pink-eye or acute contagious conjunctivi- tis. Kocher's forceps (ko'kher) [Theodor Kocher, Swiss surgeon, 1841-1917.] A forceps for grasping the tissues in a surgical operation or for making compression of bleeding structures. K.'s opera'- tion, resection of the wrist by means of an in- cision on the ulnar side of the dorsum. K.'s symp'tom, in exophthalmic goiter, if the exam- iner's hand is placed on a level with the patient's eyes and then suddenly raised higher, the upper lids move upward more rapidly than the eye-balls. Kocks' opera'tion [Joseph Kocks, German surgeon *i846.] Shortening of the base of the broad ligament, through the vagina, for prolapse or retroversion of the uterus. Kocher's Forceps. Koeberlfi's for'ceps (ke-ber-la') [Eugene KoeberU, French surgeon, 1828-1915.] Hemostatic for- ceps. Koehler's disease' (ke'ler) [Alban Koehler, German Roentgenologist, *i874.] A dystro- phy of the scaphoid bone of the tarsus occurring in children from s to 10 years old. Koelliker's cells (ke'H-ker) [Rudolf Albert Koelliker, German anatomist, 1817-1905.] i. Spermato- blasts. 2. Osteoblasts. K.'s glands, Bowman's* glands. K.'s lay'er, the layer of connective tissue in the iris. K.'s retic'ulum, neuroglia. Koenig's opera'tion (ke'nig) [Franz Koenig, German surgeon, 1832-1910.] In congenital dislocation of the hip, reduction of the dislocation and formation of a lip to the upper edge of the ace- tabulum by an osteoperiosteal strip cut from the surface of the ilium. K.'s syn'drome, alternating attacks of constipation and diarrhea, with colic, meteorism, and gurgling in the right iliac fossa, said to be symptomatic of cecal tuberculosis. Koenig's rods (kS'nig) [Charles Joseph Koenig, German otologist, "'1868.] A series of steel cylinders, of graduated lengths, suspended by threads ; used in testing the upper limit of hearing, the cylinders being tapped by a steel hammer. Koenigsdoif, Germany (ke'nigs-dorf). Saline waters with small amounts of magnesium bromide and iodide. Used by drinking and bathing in nervous disorders, blood disorders, diseases of women, glandular swellings, and skin diseases. May 15 to October i. Koerte-Ball'ance opera'tion (ker'teh) [Werner Koerte, German surgeon, *i853; Charles Alfred Ballance, London surgeon, contemporary.] Operative anastomosis of the facial and hypo- glossal nerves for the relief of facial paralysis. Koester's nod'ule (ke'ster) [Karl Koes sr, German pathologist, *i843.] A tubercle formed of a single giant cell surrounded by a double layer of epithelioid and embryonal cells. KOH. Potassium hydroxide, caustic potassa. Kohl'rausch's valves [Otto Ludwig Bemhard KohU rausch, German physician, 1811-1854.] Rectal valves, plicae* transversales recti. koilonychia (koy-lo-nik'I-ah) [G. koilos, hollow, -t- onyx(pnych-), nail.] Spoon-nail ; a malformation of the nails vp. which the outer surface is concave. ko'la (N.P.). Cola. Kolle's se'rum (kol'eh) [Wilhelm Kolle, German bacteriologist, *i868.] A bacteriolytic serum used in the treatment of cerebrospinal meningitis. kol'ynos [G. kolyd^ I prevent, + nosos, disease.] An antiseptic dental paste containing thymol, saccha- rin, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, benzoic acid, glycerin, alcohol, precipitated chalk, and soap. kolyone (kol'J-5n). Colyone. kolypep'tic. Colypeptic. kolysep'tic. Colyseptic. Kondo'leon opera'tion [Emmanuel Kondoleon, Athenian surgeon, contemporary.] Excision of strips of subcutaneous connective tissue for the relief of elephantiasis. koniol'ogy. Coniology. konseal (kon'sel). Trade name of a special make of cachet. Kop'lik's spots [Henry Koplik, New York phy- sician, *i858.] Filatov's spots; small red spots on the buccal mucous membrane, in the center of each of which may be seen, in a strong light, a minute bluish white speck; they occur early in measles, before the skin eruption, and are regarded as a pathognomonic sign of the disease. K.'s stig'ma of degen'eration, a promi- nence over the pisiform bone observed in certain cases of sporadic cretinism. Koo'so. Cusso. Kopp's asth'ma [Johann Heinrich Kopf, German physician, 1777-1858.] Spasm of the glottis occurring in young infants up to two years of age, laryngismus stridulus. Korfinsri's method (ko-rahn'ye) [Baron P. von Kor&nyi, Hungarian physician, *i829.] A method of percussion, usually auscultatory percussion; a finger of the examiner's left hand is held vertically against the chest wall while percussion is made by the finger of the right hand tapping its second phalanx. K.'s sign, Grocco's triangle. koro'nion. Coronion. Korotkow's test (ko-rot'lcawf). In a case of aneurysm, while the artery above is compressed, the blood pressure in the peripheral circulation is estimated; if it is fairly high the collateral circulation is good. Korsakoff's psycho'sis or syn'drome (kor-sah'kawf) [Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakoff, Russian neurolo- gist, 18S3-1900.] Polyneuritic psychosis; a psy- chosis associated with polyneuritis, characterized by failure of memory, imaginary reminiscences. K.ORSAKOFi' 'S PSYCHOSIS S29 J^KUJMJUKJ:' and sometimes marked hallucinations with agitation. Eoshev'nikofi's disease'. [Alexiei Jakovlevich Ko- shevnikoff, Russian neurologist, 1836—1902.] An incomplete or mild form of epilepsy. kou'miss. See kumyss. kou'sin, kouss'in.' The active principle, glucoside, of cusso, employed as a teniacide in doses of gr. 20-40 (1.3-2.6). kouss'o. Cusso. Kovalev'ski's canal' [Pavel Ivanovich Kovalevski, Russian embryologist, *i84S.] Neurenteric or blastoporic canal, connecting the medullary tube with the archenteron in the embryo. Kowarsky's test (ko-var'ske) [A. Kowarsky, Berlin physician, contemporary.] A modified Fisch- er's* test for sugar in the urine. Koy'ter's mus'cle [Volcherus Koyter, Dutch anato- mist, 1534-1600.] Mixsculus* corrugator supercilii. Kr. Chemical symbol of krypton. K-radia'tion. A very penetrating form of radia- tion excited by x-rays impinging upon a metal anticathode; it is about 300 times harder than the L-radiation. kra-kra. Craw-craw. krame'ria [J. G. H. Kramer, an Austrian physician and botanist, eighteenth century.] (N.F.) Rhatany, the dried root of Krameria triandra, K. ixina, or K. argentea, shrubs of Peru and other parts of South America; tonic and astrin- gent, employed in chronic diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), and locally in leucorrhea and uterine hemorrhage. Krankenheil-TBlz, Bavaria (krahnk'-en-hll-telts). Saline waters. Cold; six springs. Used by drink- ing and bathing in scrofula, skin disorders, catarrh of the respiratory organs, goiter, and diseases of women. May 15 to October r. Kraske's opera'tion (krahs'keh) [Paul Kraske, Ger- man surgeon, *i85i.] Removal of the coccyx and excision of the left wing of the sacrum in order to afford approach for resection of the rectum for cancer or stenosis. kraurosis, kraurosis vulvae (kraw-ro'sis vul've) [G. krauros, dry, brittle.] Atrophy of the skin of the female genital organs. Kraus's reac'tion. The formation of a precipitate when the filtrate of an old broth culture (of typhoid bacilli, for example), called K.'s fluid, is added to a strong immune serum, Krause's cor'puscles or end-bulbs (krow'zeh) [Wilhelm Krause, German anatomist, son of K. F. T. Krause, 1833— 1910.] Corpuscula bul- boidea, tactile corpuscles on the nerve terminals in the lips, glans penis, and elsewhere. K.'s mem'brane, Dobie's layer or line, a dark disc, seen as a line oit longitudinal section, limiting the sarcomere in striated muscle. K.'s respi'- ratory bun' die, tractus solitarius. Krause's glands (krow'zeh) [Karl Priedrich Theodor Krause, German anatomist, father of Wilhelm K., 1797-1868.] Mucous glands of the conjunctiva. K.'s me'dian puboprostat'ic lig'ament, ligamentum transversum peHis. K.'s valve, valve of B6raud, a fold of mucous membrane where the lacrymal sac narrows into the nasal duct. Krause's meth'od (krow'zeh) [Fedor Krause, Ger- man surgeon, of Altona, *i857.] Skin grafting by means of large strips the entire thickness of the skin but without any of the subcutaneous fat ; an application of Wolfe's* method to general surgery. K.'s opera'tion, extradural operation for the re- 34 moval of the Gasserian ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia. kre'oform. Geoform. kre'osol. Creosol. kre'osote. Creosote. kreotoz'ism, Creotoxism. kres'amine. An aqueous solution of tricresol and ethylenediam^e, each 25 per cent.; bactericidal. kre'sol. Cresol. kre'solin. Trade name of a cresol-containing disinfectant. Kretzschmann's space (krech'mahn). A slight depression in the tympanic attic below Prussak's space. Kreuznach, Rhenish Prussia (kroyts'nahkh). Sa- line waters with traces of chlorides of stron- tium, barium, bromide and iodide of sodium, and arsenic. The waters have radioactive prop- erties. Numerous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in scrofulous affections, skin diseases, diseases of the respiratory organs, bones, joints, and ears, tabes, syphilis, anemia, obesity, nervous disorders, goiter, gout, rheumatism, diseases of women, and chronic maladies generally. May i to October 1. Kreysig's sign (kri'zig) [Friedrich Ludwig Kreysig, Dresden physician, 1770-1839.] Heim-Kreysig sign. Krishaber's disease' (kres-^-bair') [Maurice Kris- haher, Parisian physician, bom in Hungary, 1836— 1883.] Cerebrocardiac neuropathy; a neurosis characterized by a feeling of emptiness in the head, vertigo, sleeplessness, syncope, and cardiac palpitation. Krisov'ski's sign. Wrinkles radiating from the comers of the mouth in congenital syphilis. Kristeller techni(iue (kris'tel-er tek-nek'). Ex- pression of the child by force applied to the fundus uteri through the abdominal wall, the fingers of the two hands being behind and the thumbs in front, and the force being exerted during a, uterine contraction. Kroenig's a'rea (kre'nig) [Georg Kroenig, Berlin physician, 1856-1911.] A resonant field over the apex of the lung anteriorly and posteriorly. K.'s field, K.'s area. K.'s Isth'mus, the narrow strap-like portion of the resonant field which extends over the shoulder, connecting the larger areas of resonance over the pulmonary apex in front and behind. K.'s steps, step-like extension of the lower part of the right border of absolute cardiac dullness in hypertrophy of the right heart. Kroenig's meth'od (kro'nig) [Bernhard Kroenig, German gynecologist, *i863.] Sterilization of catgut by heating for an hour in cumol (a fluid hydrocarbon) at 165° C. Kroenlein's her'nia (kren'ltn) [Rudolf Ulrich Kroenlein, Zurich surgeon, 1847-1910.] Hernia en bissac, properitoneal inguinal hemia.* K.'s opera'tion, temporary resection of the outer border of the orbit in order to afford access t , a retrobulbar orbital tumor. Kromayer's lamp (kro-mi'er) [Ernst Kromayer, Ger- man dermatologis^t, contemporary.] A U-sliaped quartz lamp of mercury vapor, giving out actinic rays, used in the treatment of skin diseases. Krompecher's tu'mor (krom'pekh-er) [Edmund Krompecher, Budapest pathologist, *i87o.] Rodent ulcer.* Krondorf, Bohemia (kron'dorf). Alkaline waters. Used by drinking in gout, chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract, disorders of the pharynx, larynx, and bronchial tubes, and jaundice. KRONECKER'S CENTER 53° KUSSMAUL'S COMA Bjonecker*s cen'ter (kron'ek-er) [Hugo Kronecker, Swiss physiologist, 1839-1914.] The inhibitory cardiac center. K.'s punc'ture, experimental puncture, by means of a needle, of K.'s center. K.*s solu'tion, a 5 per cent, sodium chloride soluton rendered faintly alkaline with sodium carbonate, for use in the examination of fresh tissues under the microscope. Kronenquelle, Prussian Silesia (kro'nen-kvel-eh). Alkaline-saline-lithiated waters. Used by drink- ing in the uric acid diathesis. Kronthal, Prussia (kron'tahl). Alkaline-saline waters. Used by drinking'in dyspepsia, anemia, rheumatism, and gout. Erukenberg tu'mor (kroo-ken-berg) [Georg Peter Heinrich Krukenberg, German gynecologist, 1856—1899.] Fibrosarcoma mucocellulare (carcinomatodes) ovarii; a fibrosarcoma of the ovary which has undergone myxomatous de- generation involving both ground substance and cells, the former showing large loose meshes, the latter becoming swollen, pale, and faintly granular, with a deeply staining crescentic peripheral nucleus — presenting the so-called "seal-ring" form. Kru'se's brush [Walther Kruse, German bacteriolo- gist, *i864.] A bunch of fine platinum wires attached to a holder, used in bacteriological work to spread infected material over the surface of a culture medium. krymother'apy. Crymo therapy. kry'ofine. Trade name of methoxyacetphenetidin, a condensation product of paraphenetidin; ano- dyne and antipyretic in doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). kiyogemn (kri-oj'en-in). Cryogenin. kiyos'copy. Cryoscopy. kryp'ton [G. krypios, concealed.] A gaseous ele- ment, present in small amount in the atmosphere, sjonbol Kr, atomic weight 83. krysolgan (kri-sol'gan). Trade name of a complex product containing gold, said to be of value in the treatment of tuberculosis. K2SO4. Potassium sulphate, dipotassic sulphate. kubisagari, kubisagaru (koo-bi-sah-gah'rl, koo-bl- sah-gah'roo) [Jap. kubi, head, neck, + sagaru, to hang down.] Gerlier's disease, endemic para- lytic vertigo, an affection characterized by diplopia, dimness of vision, blepharoptosia, and paralysis of the neck muscles resulting in head- drop. Kuehne's fi'ber (kii'neh) [Willy Kuehne, German histologist, 1837— 1900.] Artificial muscular fiber made by filling the intestine of an insect with a growth of myxomycetes, used to demon- strate the contractility of protoplasm K.'s mus'cle-spin'dle, neuromuscular spindle; the beginning of a sensory nerve-fibril on the surface of the muscular fiber; these fibrils form rings or spirals around the fibers or ramify on their sur- face. K.'s phenom'enon, waves in the saraous substance of muscle, in a direction from the anode to the cathode, when a galvanic current is passed through muscular tissue. K.'s spin 'die, K.'s muscle-spindle. K.'s ter'minal plates, the motor end-plates of nerves in the muscular spindles. Kuehne's meth'ylene blue (ku'neh) [Heinrich Kuehne, German histologist.] Methylene blue, i.S; absolute alcohol, 10; 5 per cent, phenol solution, 100. Kuelz's cyl'lnders (kiilts) [Rudolph Eduard Kuelz, German physician, 1845-189;.] Coma-casts; renal casts of strongly refracting granules said to be found in beginning diabetic coma. K.'s test, after the fermentation of the sugar in diabetic urine, if the urine turns the plane of polarization to the right, beta-oxybutyric acid is present. Kuemmell's disease' (kiim'el) [Hermann Kuemmell, Hamburg surgeon, *i852.] Traumatic spondyl- opathy; rarefying ostitis of the vertebra, following an injury, marked by pain, stiffness of the back, sometimes kyphosis, and symptoms of compres- sion of the cord. K.'s spondyli'tis, a form of traumatic spondylitis in which the disabling symp- toms do not make their appearance until some time after the receipt of the injury. . Kuess' exper'iments (kus) [Emil Kuess, Strasburg physiologist, 1815— 1871.] To show that the epithelium of the bladder is impermeable ; vesical injections of solution of belladonna or of opium are followed by no symptoms of poisoning. Kuester's opera'tion (kiis'ter) [Emil Georg Ferdi- nand Kuester, German surgeon, *i839.] The pinna and posterior wall of the cartilaginous auditory canal are divided from their attachments and turned forward ; then the posterior bony wall of the auditory canal is cut away, along with the superior and external walls of the attic, thus exposing the antrum, attic, and tympanum, and giving exit to the pus in mastoiditis. Kuestner's sign (kust'ner) [Otto Ernst Kuestner, German gynecologist, *i849.] Dermoid cysts of the ovary are found anterior to the uterus, contrary to the usual position of ovarian cysts. Kuhn's mask (koon) [Philalethes Kuhn, Strass- bourg physician, contemporary.] A celluloid mask with adjustable- openings allowing for progressive obstruction to the respiration and so inducing pulmonary hyperemia. Kuhnt's opera'tion (koont) [Hermann Kuhnt, Ger- man ophthalmologist, *i85o.] An operation for frontal sinus disease. A horizontal skin incision is made along the supraorbital margin with a vertical incision through the periosteum at right angles; then the entire anterior wall of the sinus is removed with chisel and rongeur, and the mucous membrane is curetted away. K.'s spaces, shallow diverticula or recesses from the anterior portion of the lateral chamber of the eye. ku'myss [Tartar word.] Fermented mare's or cow's milk. Kupffer's cells (koop'fer) [Karl Wilhekn von Kupffer, German anatomist, 1829-1902.] Stel- late cells in the walls of the sinusoids of the liver; actually, normal but swollen endothelial cells. Kupres'soff's cen'ter [J. Kupressoff, Russian physi- cian, nineteenth century.] Medullary center of the vesical sphincter, at the level of the third to the fifth lumbar vertebra. Kurloff's bod'ies (koor'lawf) [Mikhail Georgiyevitch Kurloff, Russian physician, *i859.] Cell-inclu- sions found in the large mononuclear lymphocytes of the guinea-pig; supposed by some to be an in- tracellular phase in the life cycle of a flagellate, Lymphocytozoon cohayai, by others said not to be of protozoan nature. Kurunegala ulcers (koo-roo-na-gah'lah- ul'surz) [Kuyunegala, a district in Ceylon.] Pyosis tropica. Kussmaul's co'ma (Icoos'mowl) [Adolf Ktissmaul, German physician, 1822— 1902.] Diabetic coma. K.'s disease', periarteritis nodosa. K.'s para- dox'ical pulse, the pulse of cardiac symphysis, marked by a diminution of strength or even absence, during deep inspiration. K.'s respir- a'tion, the dyspnea of diabetic coma. K.'s symp'- tom, filling of the veins of the neck during inspiration in cases of cardiac symphysis. KUSSMAUL-KIEN RESPIRATION S3I KYTO- Kussmaul-Kien respiration (koos'mowl-ken) [Adolf Kussmaul; Alphonse Marie Joseph Kien, German physician, contemporary.] Kussmaul's* respira- tion. Kussmaui-Landiy paral'ysis. Landry's* paralysis. kyanop'sia. Cyanopsia. ^estein, kyesthein (ki-es'te-in, ki-es'the-in) [G. kyesis, pregnancy, + esthes, garment (?).] A scum or pellicle occasionally observed on the sur- face of the standing urine from a pregnant wo- man, formerly regarded as one of the signs of pregnancy. kyllo'sis [G. kyllSsis, a crippling.] Clubfoot. l^mbocephal'ic, kymboceph'aly. Cymbocephalic, cymbocephaly. kymogram (ki'mo-gram). The graphic curve made by a kymograph. kymograph (ki'mo-graf) [G. kyfyui, wave, + grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording wave-like motions, or modulations ; especially for recording variations in blood-pressure. kymoscope (ki'mo-sk5p) [G. kyma, wave, + skoped, ■ I regard.] An apparatus for measuring the pulse- waves, or the variations in blood-pressure. kyneplastic amputation (ki-ne-plas'tik am-pu-ta'- shim) [G. kinesis, motion, -(- plassd, I form.] A method of amputation of the upper extremity whereby the muscles and tendons are so rr- ranged in the stump that they are able to execute independent movements and to communicate motion to a specially constructed arm and hand. kynoceph'alus. Cynocephalus. kynopho'bia. Gynophobia. kyphoscolio'sis. A combined angular and lateral curvature of the spine. kyphosis (ki-fo'sis) [G. kyphosis, hump-back.] An- gular curvature of the spine, hump-back, hunch- back, Pott's curvature ; an abnormal curvature of the spine, with convekity backward, due to caries and destruction of the bodies of the affected vertebrae. kyphot'ic. Relating to or siiffering from kjrphosis. ky'rin. One of a class of proteins resistant to tryptic digestion, yielding amino-acids on treat- ment with an acid. kysthitis (kis-thi'(the')tis) [G. kysihos, sinus (vagina), + -itis.J Colpitis, inflammation of the vagina. kysthopto'sia (kis-thop-to'sl-ah) [G. kysihos, sinus (vagina), 4- ptosis, a falling.] Colpoptosia. kyto- [G. kytos, a hollow, a cell.] A prefix denoting a cell, for words so beginning see the usual and correct form of the prefix cyto-. 532 LABOR L. I. Abbreviation for left, left eye. 2. Abbrevi- ation for Latin limes, boundary, limit ; used in an equation noting the reaction of toxin and anti- toxin. Ld, denotes the number of doses of toxic bouillon, fatal to a guinea-pig weighing 250 grams, which will exactly neutralize one anti- toxin unit. 1*+, denotes the number of doses of toxic bouillon, fatal to a guinea-pig weighing 250 grams, which are necessary, when mixed with one antitoxin unit, to kill the animal within five days, one lethal dose being left uncombined. La. Chemical symbol for lanthanum. lab [Ger.] A rennet ferment coagulating milk. Labarraque's solu'tion (lab-ar-ak') [Antoine Ger- main Labarraque, Parisian chemist, 1777— 1850.] Liquor sodas chlorinatse. Labassftre, France (IS-bah-ser'). See Baguires de Bigorre. Labb^'s tri'angle (IS-ba') [L^on Labbi, French sur- geon, 1832— 1916.] An area bounded below by a horizontal line touching the lower edge of the cartilage of the ninth rib, externally by the line of the false ribs, and to the right side by the liver; here the stomach is normally in contact with the abdominal wall. L.'s vein, an inconstant anasto- motic vein connecting the superior longitudinal with the lateral sinus. lab'danum. Ladanum. labell'um. In botany, the irregularly shaped petal of an orchid. la'bia. Plural of labium, lip. la'bial. i. Relating to 1 the lips or any labium. 2. One of the letters, p,b,m,f,v, and w, formed by means of the lips. ianbiajism. A form of stammering in which there is confusion in the use of the labial consonants. labially (la'bi-al-i) . Toward the lips. laH^iate. In botany, two-lipped. labidom'eter [G. labis(labid~), forceps, + meiron, measure.] An attachment to the obstetrical forceps for measuring the size and curvature of the fetal head. labile (lab'il) [L. labilis, liable to slip.] Unsteady, not fixed; noting (i) certain constituents of serum which are readily destroyed by keeping, by subjecting to slight degrees of heat, etc., and (2) an electrode which is kept moving over the surface during the passage of an electric current. I. el'ements, tissue cells, as of epithelium, connec- tive tissue, etc., which continue to multiply by mitosis during the life of the individual. labirity. Instability, changefulness. labim'eter. Labidometer. lab"iocer'vical [L. labium, lip, -f- cervix, neck.] Relating to a lip and a neck, noting speciiically the labial or buccal surface of the neck of a tooth. labiochorea (la-bl-o-ko-re'ah) [L. labium, lip.] A chronic spasm of the lips interfering more or less with speech. labiodental (la-M-o-den'tal) [L. labium, lip, + dens (dent-), tooth.] Relating to the lips and the teeth, noting certain letters (f, v) the sotmd of which is formed by both lips and teeth. labioglossolaryngeal (la"bK-o-glos"o-lar-in'je-al) [F. labium, lip, -f G. gldssa, tongue, -I- larynx.] Relating to the lips, tongue, and larynx, noting bulbar paralysis in which these parts are in- volved. labioglossopharyngeal (la"H-o-glos"o-far-in'je-al) |L. labium, lip, -1- G. gldssa, tongue, + pharynx. Re- lating to the lips, tongue, and pharynx, noting bulbar paralysis involving these parts. la'biograph [L. labium, lip, + G. grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording the movements of the lips in speaking. a'Tjiomen'tal [L. labium, lip, + mentum, chin.] Relating to the lower lip and the chin. labiomyco'sis [L. labium, lip, + G. mykis, fungus.] Any disease of the lips due to the presence of a ftingus. la"biona'sal [L. labium, lip, -t- nasus, nose.] Relat- ing to the upper lip and the nose, or to both lips and the nose; noting a letter (m) ■which is both labial and nasal in the production of its sound. labiopalatine (la"bJ-o-pal'a-tin) [L. labium, lip, + palatum., palate.] Relating to the lips and the palate. labioplasty (la'bl-o-plas-tl) [L. labium. Up, + G. plasso, I form.] Chiloplasty. la'lbiotenac'uluin. A tenaculum for holding any lip, especially of the os uteri, during an operation. lab'itome [G. labis, pincers, + tome, an incision.] Cutting forceps, a forceps with sharp blades. laTjium, gen. /a'bw, pi. /o'6ia[L.] 1. A lip. ^. Any lip-shaped structure. 3. In entomology, the lower lip of an insect (see labrum). 1. cer'ebri, the inner border of each cerebral hemisphere overlapping- the corpus callosum 1, ma'jus puden'di (pi. la'bia majo'ra) [BNA], one of two rounded folds of integument forming the lateral boundaries of the rima pudendi. 1. mi'nus puden'di (pi. la'bia mino'ra) [BNA], nytnpha; one of two narrow longitudinal folds enclosed in the cleft within the labia majora; posteriorly they gradually merge into the labia majora and join to form the fourchette, or frenulum labi- orum pudendi; anteriorly each labium divides into two portions which unite with those of the opposite side in front of the glans clitoridis to form the prepuce, and behind to form the frenu- lum. 1. o'ris [BNA], one of the lips bounding the cavity of the mouth. 1. tympan'jcum [BNA], tympanic lip, the free border of the lamina spiralis ossea of the cochlea. 1. ure'thrje, one of the two lateral margins of the meatus urinarius. I. u'teri, the thick margin of the external os uteri constituting the vaginal portion of the cervix; the lips are spoken of as anterior and posterior, though there is no true line of demarcation between them. 1. vestibula're [BNA], vestibular lip, an edge of thickened peri- osteum projecting into the ductus cochlearis just above the 1. tympanicum. 1. voca'le (pi. la'bia voca'lia) [BNA], the projection at either side of the rima glottidis, formed of mucous membrane covering the vocal ligament and vocal muscle; its free margin forms the true vocal cord. la'bor [L. laborare, to work.] Delivery, childbirth; the process of expulsion of a fetus from the uterus at the normal termination of pregnancy, first LABOR 533 LACERATION stage of 1., the period of dilatation of the os uteri. missed 1., the occurrence of a few labor pains at the normal term followed by their cessation and the retention of the fetus for an indefinite period. premature' 1., the expulsion of a viable fetus prior to the normal end of pregnancy, i,e. from the seventh to the ninth month, sec'ond stage 1., of the descent and expulsion of the fetus. third stage of 1., the period following the birth of the child until the expulsion of the placenta and' membranes, or after-birth. accelerating, oxytocic, ocyodinic, odinagogue, parturi- facient, maieutic. after end of tenth montn, partus serotinus, at term, partus maturus. before fifth monthp abortion, breech presentation, partus agrip- pinus. difficult, dystocia, mo^itocia, partus difficilis. discharge following, lochia, dry, partus siccus, xerotocia. easy, eutocia. face presentation, grosopotocia. foot presentation, partus aggrip-nus. :om end of seventh until end of tenth month, partus praematurus. from fifth to end of seventh month, miscarriage, partus immaturus. insanity following, tocomania, maieusiomania, puerperal insanity, nor- mal, eutocia. science of, obstetrics, tocology, mai- eutics. softening, halisteresis. spontaneous expulsion in transverse presentation, partus conduplicato corpore laboratorian (lab"or-a-to'ri-an). One who works in a laboratory, specifically one who makes examinations for diagnostic purposes of the blood and other fluids and excretions; opposed to clinician. lab'oratory [L. laboratorium, a work-place.] A room fitted up with apparatus for conducting experiments (chemical, physiological, and the like), making analyses, manufacturing drugs, etc. Laborde's for'ceps (IS-bord') [Jean Baptiste Vincent Laborde, French physician, 1830— 1903.] Forceps with flat crescentic blades, used for grasping the tongue in making traction. L.'s meth'od, rhythmical tractions on the tongue, grasped by the thumb and finger or L.'s forceps, made from fifteen to seventeen times a minute, in order to stimulate the respiratory center in cases of asphyxiation and apparent death. labor'dhi [after J. B. V. Laborde.*] Analgen. labrocyte (lab'ro-sit) [G. labros, gluttonous.] Mast- cell. la'brum, pi. la'bra [L.] ±. A lip. 2. A lip-shaped structure. 3. In entomology, the upper lip of an insect (see labium). 1. glenoida'le [BNA], glenoidal lip, articular margin ; a ring or segment of a ring, of fibrocartilage or fibrous connective tissue, attached to the margin of the bony socket of a joint to increase its depth. Labyrinth. labyrinth (lab'ir-inth) [G. labyrinthos, a maze.] i. The internal ear, comprising the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea; see lahyrinthus. 2. Any group of communicating" cavities, as in each lateral mass of the ethmoid bone, lahyrinthus eikmoidalis. 3. Pars convoluta [BNA] of a cortical lobule of the kidney; the portion of kidney cortex intervening between the pyramids of Ferrein; it contains the Malpighian corpuscles and convoluted tubules. 4. A group of upright test-tubes terminating below in a base of communi- cating, alternately U- and ^-shaped tubes, used for isolating motile from non-motile organisms in culture, or a motile from a less motile organism (as the typhoid from the colon bacillus) the former travelling faster and farther through the tubes than the latter (see cut), bony L, lahy- rinthus osseus. ethmoid'al 1., labyrinthus eth- moidalis. Ludwig's 1., renal 1. mem'branous 1., labyrinthus membranaceus. osseous 1., laby- rinthus osseus. renal 1., lab3Tinth(3). labyrinthine (lab-I-rin'thin). i. Relating to any labyrinth. 2. Perplexing, intricate, involved. labyrinthitis (lab-ir-in-thi'(the')tis). Inflammation of a labyrinth, especially of the internal ear, otitis interna. labyrin'thus [G. labyrinthos, a maze, an intricate system of intercommunicating passages.] Laby- rinth. A term applied to several anatomical structures with numerous intercommunicating cells or canals ; noting specifically the internal ear, comprising the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea. 1. ethmoida'lis [BNA], ethmoidal laby- rinth, lateral mass of the ethmoid bone ; a mass of air-cells with thin bony walls dependent on either side from the horizontal plate; the cells are arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and are closed in externally by the lamina papyracea, or os planum, which forms part of the wall of the orbit. L membrana'ceus, [BNA], membranous labyrinth, an arrangement of communicating membranous sacs, filled with endolymph and surrounded by perilymph, lying within the cavity of the osseous labyrinth; its chief divisions are: sacculus, utriculus, ductus cochlearis, and ductus semicirculares. 1. os'seus [BNA], osseous labyrinth, bony labyrinth, a series of cavities (cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals) in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which lodge the membran- ous labyrinth with its terminal auditory ap- paratus. 1. pu'bicus im'p'ar, 1. pudenda'lis, plexus pudendalis. lac, gen. laciis [L.] i. Milk. 2. Any whitish, milky looking liquid. 3. An exudate of a scale insect. 4. The exuded sap of certain trees, used as a varnish. 1. ammoni'aci, mistura ammoniaci. 1. argen'ti, precipitated chloride of silver. 1. asafcet'idas, emulsum asafcetidse. 1. fermenta'- tum (N.F.), fermented milk; cow's milk fermented with yeast and sugar, resembling kumyss. 1. ferri, freshly precipitated ferric phosphate in water. I. humanisa'tum, humanized milk; pre- pared by triturating humanizing milk powder (pulvis pro lacte humanisato, N.F.) gr. 100 (6 . 5) with water 5 2 (60 . o), and adding to a bottle con- taining fresh co'w's milk 5 ^ (60 . o) and fresh cream gj (15.0), heating to 100° F. (38° C.) for fifteen minutes, then quickly bringing to a boil and at once cooling ; it should be prepared just before use. 1. plumbi, liquor plumbi lactatis. 1. sul'phuris, milk of sulphur, sulphur praecipitatum. 1. vacci'- num (N.F.), cow's, milk. 1. virgina'le, a wash consisting chiefly of lead water, like the liquor plumbi lactatis. lacerable (las'ur-a-bl) [L. lacerare, to tear.] Capable of being, or liable to be, torn. lacerated (las'ur-a-ted) [L. lacerare, to tear.] Tom, rent. laceration (las-ur-a'shun) . 1. A tear or torn wound. 2. The process or act of tearing the tissues. LACERTUS S34 LACTOSCOPI lacer'tus (la-sur'tus) [L.] i. The muscular part of the arm. 2. Any muscular or fibrous band. 1. cor'dis, one of the trabeculae cdrnese. 1. fibro'sus [BNA], bicipital or semilunar fascia, radiating fibers from the tendon of insertion of the biceps passing obliquely over the hollow of the elbow to the ulnar side and becoming merged into the deep fascia of the forearm. 1. me'dius, ligamentum longitudinale anterius. lachesis (lak'e-sis) [G. lackesis, destiny, fate.] The venom of Lachesis muius, the bushmaster snake of South America ; employed in homeopathic prac- tice in the treatment of septicemia, varicose veins, diphtheria with great prostration, and peritonitis, in doses from the 6th to the 30th potency. lachrymal (lak'rl-mal). Lacrymal. laclnia (IS-sin'i-ah) [L. fringe.] Fimbria. lacin'- iee tu'bse, fimbriae tubae uterinae. lac'moid. Trade name of a purplish dye made from resorcin, resorcinol-blue; employed as an indicator, being turned blue by alkalies and red by acids. 1. paper, blotting paper saturated with a solution of lacmoid and dried, employed as an indicator of acidity or alkalinity in a flmd. lac'mus [D. lak, lac, + moes, pulp.] Litmus. lac'rima, pi. lac'rimtE [L.] A tear. lac'rimal. Lacrymal. lacrima'lis [L.] Lacrymal. lac'rymal [L. lacrima, a tear.] Relating to the tears or to weeping. 1. bay, a slight recess at the inter- nal angle of the eye in which are the puncta lacri- malia, or openings into the lacrymal ducts. 1. bone, 1, canal, 1. duct, etc., see the nouns. lacryma'tion. The secretion of tears, especially in excess. lacrymator (lak'rJ-ma-tur) [L. lacrima, tear.] Tear gas,* benzene bromide, acetone, or xylol. lacrymotome (lak'ri-mo-tom) . A fine bladed knife for use in lacrymotomy. laciymot'omy [L. lacrima, tear, + G. iom.e, incision.] The operation of incising the lacrymal duct or sac. lac'tagogue [L. lac, milk, + G. agogos, leading.] Galactagogue. lac'tagol. Trade name of a galactagogue remedy prepared from cotton-seed. lactalbu'min. Milk-albumin, the special form of albumin contained in milk. lac'tam. A term denoting the more unstable of the tautomeric forms of a urate, its formula being: NH— CO / I CO C-NH\ \ II CO ; the lactim* formula is : NH— C— NH/ N = C(OH) / I C(OH) C— NH\ \ II C(OH). N— C— NH/ lactase (lak'taz) [lact{ose) + -ase.] A sugar-splitting enzyme in the small intestine which converts milk-sugar, or lactose, into dextrose and galactose. lacta'tion [L. toctare, to suckle.] i. The production of milk. 2. The period following childbirth during which milk is formed in the breasts. lacta'tional. Relating to lactation. lac'teal. i . Relating to or resembling milk, milky. 2. One of the lymphatic vessels in the mesentery, conveying chyle from the intestine. lactein (lak'te-in). Evaporated milk. lac'teol. A culture of lactic-acid bacilli preserved in tablets of milk sugar used to induce lactic acid fermentation in fresh milk. lactescence (lak-tes'ens) [L. laciescere, to beconw milky.] Milkiness, the quality of becominj milky or of resembling milk. lac'tic [L. lac(Jact-), mflk.] Relating to mUk. 1 acid, acidum lacticimi. 1. acid bacill'us, one o: several forms which cause 1. acid fermentation ir milk 1. acid fermenta'tion, the production of 1 acid in milk caused by the presence of any on( of a number of 1. acid bacilli. lactiferous [L. lacQact-), mUk, + ferre, to carry.; Conveying milk, galactophorous. lactifuge (lak'tl-fuj) [L. lac{lact-), milk, + fugare, tc drive away.] r. Causing the arrest of the secre- tion of milk. z. An agent which arrests the se- cretion of milk. lactigenous (lak-tij'en-us) [L. lac(laci-), milk, -H gennao, I produce.] Galactopoietic ; producinj milk. lactigerous (lak-tij'er-us) [L. lac{lact-), milk, + gerere, to carry.] Lactiferous, galactophorous. lac'tim. A term denoting the more stable of the tautomeric forms of a urate; see lactam, lactimorbus (lak'ti-mor'bus) [L. lac(lact-), milk, 4 morbus, disease.] Milk-sickness. lac'tin. Lactose, milk-sugar. lac'tinated. Prepared with or containing milk-sugar lactiv'orous [L. lacflact-), miUc, -1- vorare, to devour.; Living on milk. lactobacilline (lac-to-bas'il-en). A preparation con- taining lactic acid bacilli in powder or tablets employed to arrest intestinal putrefaction, 01 added to milk to cause lactic acid fermentation. lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tl-rom'e-tur) [L. lai (fact-), milk, + G. boutyron, butter, -+ metron, measure.] A form of lactocrit. lactocele (lak'to-sel) pL. lacQact-), milk, + G. kele tiimor.] Galactocele. lac'tocrit, lac'tocrite [L. lacQact-), milk, + krites judge.] An instrument for use in the estimatior of the amoimt of butter-fat in milk. lactodensim'eter [L. lac^lact-), milk, + densus thick, + G. meiron, measure.] A form of galac- tometer, an instrument for determining the specific gravity of milk. lactoglob'ulin. Milk-globulin, the form of globulir present in milk. lac'tol. I. Trade name of betanaphthol lactate employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses ol gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). z. Actol. lac'tolin. Evaporated milk. lactom'eter [L. lacQact-), milk, + G. matron measure.] Galactometer. lactonaph'thol. Lactol(i). lactone (lak'ton). i. An organic anhydride formed from an hydroxyacid by the loss of water 2. A volatile liquid, C10H8O4, obtained by the dry distillation of lactic acid. 3. Trade name o: a culture of a lactic acid bacillus preservec in sugar of milk. lactopep'tin. Trade name of a mixture of pancre atin, peptone, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid eiiastase, and milk-sugar; recommended in ineii gestion in doses of gr. 5-1 5 (o . 3-1 . o). lactophen'in. Lactyl-phenetidin, a. white crystal line powder; antipyretic, analgesic, hypnotic, ii dosesof gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). lactophos'phate. A compound salt of lactic ane phosphoric acids. lactoprotein (lak-to-pro'te-in). A protein normall; present in milk; lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, etc lactorrhea, lactorrhoea (lak-tor-re'ah) [L. lac^lact-) milk, -t- G. rhoia, a flow.] Galactorrhea. lac'toscope [L. las(lact-), milk, -I- G. skoped, I view, Galactoscope. ACTOSE S3S LAKE ctose (lak'toz) [L. lac{lact-), milk.] Milk-sugar (C12H22O11) a dextrorotatory disaocharid found ordinarily only in milk'. ctose'rum. i. Whey. z. A specific serum which precipitates the casein from milk; it is obtained as the result of injecting milk into an animal, whereby a precipitin specific for casein is formed. ctosomatose (lak"to-so'niS-t5z). Milk-somatose, described as a preparation of "casein albumoses with 5 per cent, tanfiic acid in organic combina- tion," an odorless and nearly tasteless yellowish powder; recommended as a medicinal food in diarrhea in daily dose of i to 2 teaspoonfuls for children, 3 to 4 teaspoonfuls for adults. ctosu'ria [lactose + G. ouron, urine.] The excre- tion of milk-sugar in the urine ctovegetarian (lak"to-vej'-e-ta'ri-an). One who lives on a mixed diet of milk and milk products, eggs, and vegetables, but eschews meat. ictu'ca [L. lettuce.] A genus of plants of the order Composites. L. viro'sa, lactucarium. L. sati'va, the ordinary garden lettuce, the inspissated juice of which is sometimes employed as a sedative and soporific. ctuca'rium [L. lactuca, lettuce.] (U.S.) Lettuce- opium, the dried milk- juice of Lactuca virosa, the wild lettuce of southern and western Europe; occurs in the form of circular cakes or irregular pieces of a brownish color externally, yellowish white with a waxy luster when broken ; employed for nervous cough and as a, sedative in doses of gr. i-2 (0.03-0.13). c'tucin. A bitter principle, not a glucoside, obtained from lactucarium. ctulum unguis (lak'tu-lum ung'gwis) [L. dim. of lac, milk.] Matrix unguis. ctyltropeine nitrate (lak-til-tro'pe-en ni'trat) . The nitric acid salt of a substance derived from tropeine and lactic acid, employed as a cardiac tonic. cuna (l^-ku'nah) pi. lacu'ncB [L. a pit, dim. of locus, a hollow.] i. A small depression, x. A gap or defect. How'ship's 1., one of the spaces beneath the periosteum, intervill'ous 1., one of the blood-spaces in the placenta. 1. cer'ebri, (i) a small circumscribed loss of brain- tissue surrounding one of the small arteries; rupture of the vessel is apt to occur into the cavity so produced; (2) the infundibulum cerebri. 1. latera'Iis, parasinoidal sinus, one of a number of irregular spaces or pockets in the dura mater com- municating by a narrow aperture with a blood- sinus. 1. mag'na, a recess on the roof of the fossa navicularis of the penis, formed by a fold of mucous membrane, called Gu^rin's fold, or the valve of the navicular fossa. 1. musculo'- rum [BNA], the outer compartment beneath the inguinal (Poupart's) ligament, for the passage of the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve; it is separated by the iliopectineal ligament from the 1. vasorum. 1. pharyn'gis, a depression near the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube. 1. urethra'lis [BNA], one of a number of little recesses in the mucous membrane of the pars cavernosa urethrae into which empty the ducts of the urethral glands. 1. vaso'rum [BNA], the inner compartment beneath the inguinal liga- ment, separated from the 1. musculorum by the iliopectineal ligament; it gives passage to the femoral vessels. Morgagni's 1., 1. urethralis. oss'eous 1., one of the spaces between the la- mellae of the Haversian system, in which the bone-corpuscles are lodged. cu'nar. Relating to a lacuna; noting hiatus or temporary lack of manifestation in a symptom. 1. amne'sia, see the main title. 1. lig'ament, Gimbernat's ligament. lacunule (13.-ku'ntil) [L. lacunula, dim. of lacuna.l A very small lacuna. la'cus [L. lake.] A small collection of fluid. 1. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal lake, the small cis- tern-like area of the conjunctiva at the inner angle of the eye, in which the tears collect after bathing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the conjunctival sac. I. semina'lis, the vault of the vagina after insemination. lad'anum. A resinous exudation from a shrub of Southern Europe, Cistus ladaniferus, and C. creticus, formerly employed as a stomachic and in the treatment of dysentery, and by fumigation in bronchitis. Ladendorff's test (lah'den-dorf) [August Ladendorff, German physician, nineteenth century.] For blood: upon adding tincture of guaiac and oil of eucalyptus to the suspected fluid and allowing the mixture to stand, the presence of blood will be indicated by a blue coloration below and a purplish one above. la'dy's slip'per. Cypripedium. La'dy Web'ster's din'ner pills. Pilulse aloes et mastiches. Laennec's cirrho'sis (IS-en-ek') [Ren^ Th^ophile Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician,' inventor of the stethoscope, 1781-1826.] Atrophic cirrho- sis of the liver. L.'s pearls, small round gelatin- ous bodies in the sputum in asthma, which when floated in water stretch out and are seen to be formed of Curschmann's spirals. L.'s suffoca- tive catarrh', capillary bronchitis. L.'s throzn'bus, an ante-mortem heart clot. laeotrop'ic. Leotropic. laev-. For words so beginning see lev-. laevo- [L. Itevus, left.] A prefix denoting left, toward or on the left side; see leva-. Lafayette' mix'ture. Mistura copaibae; (N.F.); solution of potassium hydroxide 3 . 2, copaiba, compound tincture of lavender, and spirit of nitrous ether each 12.5, syrup 30, mucilage of acacia to make loa; employed in gonorrhea in doses of 52 (8.0). lage'na [L. flask.] Cascum cupulare or upper blind extremity of the ductus cochlearis. lag'ging. Retarded or diminished movement of the " affected side of the chest in pulmonary tuberculo- sis. lagne'sis, lagno'sis [G. lagneia, lewdness; lagnos, lewd.] Nymphomania ; satyriasis. lagophthal'mos, lagophthal'mus [G. lagos, hare, -I- ophthalmos, eye.] A condition in which the eye- lids cannot be completely closed. Lago'ria's sign. Relaxation of the extensor mus- cles and of the fascia lata in fracture of the neck of the femur. Lagrange's opera'tion (IS-grahnzh') [Felix Lagrange, French physician, contemporary.] A combined iridectomy and sclerectomy performed in glau- coma for the purpose of forming a flltering cica- trix. la grippe (li-grip') [Fr. the grip.] Influenza. laiose (la'oz). A substance resembling levulose but not fermentable with yeast. laity (la'i-tl) [G. laos, the people.] Non-profes- sional people, in relation to the special pro- fession — whether theology, law, or medicine — to which reference is made. lake. 1. [A.S. lacu.] A small collection of fluid lacus. 2. [Fr.-lague.] A pigment made by com- bining an animal' or vegetable coloring matter with a metallic oxide. 3. To cause blood-serum LAKE 536 LAMINA to assume a clear red color as a result of hemolysis. lac'rymal 1., lacus lacrimalis. sem'inal 1., lacus seminalis. Lake Park White Sulphur Springs, Missouri. The three principal springs are, ' The White Sulphur," " The Iron," and " The Clear Water " Springs. Lake Ta'hoe Hot Springs, or Came'lian Hot Springs, California. Sulphurous and saline- carbonated- sulphureted waters. About fifty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, chronic constipation, disorders of the liver and kidneys, cutaneous diseases, and bronchopul- monary affections. Lake View Hot Springs, Oregon. The waters con- tain iron, soda, sulphur, magnesia, and other minerals; 164° P. Used by drinking in rheu- matism and various other disorders. la'ky. Resembling a lake(2), noting the transpar- ent red appearance of the blood-serum after hemolysis, or dissolution of the red blood-cor- puscles, the stroma of the red cells settling to the bottom and the hemoglobin becoming diffused. lalla'tion [L. lallere, to sing lullaby.] i. Lambda- cism, it form of stammering in which r is pro- nounced as 1. 2. Lalling. Lallemand's bod'ies (lal-mahn') [Claude Franfois Lallemand, French surgeon, 1790-1853.] Small concretions, of gelatinous appearance, in the seminal vesicles. lall'ing [G. laleo, I chatter.] A form of stammering in which the speech is almost unintelligible. laloneurosis (lal"o-nu-ro'sis) [G. laleo, I chatter.] A neurosis marked by incoherence or other form of speech defect. lalopathy (li-lop'a-thl) [G. lalia, speech, + pathos, suffering.] Any form of speech defect. lalophobia (lal-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. lalia, speaking, + phobos, fear.] A morbid reluctance to speak, through fear of committing errors in pronuncia- tion or grammar or of stuttering. lalople'gia [laleo, I talk, + plege, a stroke.] Paraly- sis of the muscles concerned in the mechanism of speech. Lalouette's pyramid (13,-loo-et') [Pierre Laloueiie, Parisian physician, 171 1— 1742]. Pyramidal or median lobe of the thyroid gland; an inconstant structure arising from the upper border of the isthmus, to the left of the median line, and as- cending as far as the hyoid bone. Lamarckian theory (IS-mark'i-an) [Jean Baptiste Pierre .\ntoine de Monet de Lamarck, French naturalist, 1744-1829.] The theory that ac- quired characteristics may be transmitted to the descendants. lamb'da [G. letter L, A.] The craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. lambdacism (lam'dah-sizm) [G. lambda, the letter 1.] 1. A form of stammering in which the letter 1 is mispronounced. 2. Lallation (i). lamb'doid [G. lambda. A, the letter L, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling the Greek letter A. 1. lig'ament, ligamentum fundiforme pedis. 1. Bu'ture, the suture between the occipital and the parietal bones of the cranium. Lam'blia intestina'lls. Cercomonas iniesiinalis, Megasioma eniericum, a flagellate protozoan intestinal parasite found in the healthy duo- denum and jejunum, apparently not pathogenic. lambliasis, lambliosis (lam-bli'3.-sis, lam-bH-o'sis) . Infection with Lamblia intesHnalis, sometimes marked by diarrheic or dysenteric symptoms. Lambotte's meth'od (lahn-buf) [Albin Lambotte, Belgian surgeon, 1856-1912.] Treatment of fractures of the extremities by means of an apparatus, called a Jixateur, which consists of an extensible steel fraine fastened to the bone by pegs inserted above and below the seat of fracture. lamella, pi. lamel'lm (la-mel'ah) [L. dim. of lamina, plate, leaf.] A thin sheet or scale, lamina ; one of the plates forming the Haversian system of bone, a. Disc, a preparation of the B.P. in the form of a medicated gelatin disc, employed as a means of making local applications to the conjunctiva in place of solutions, concen'tric 1., one of the curved plates of bone surroimding the central canal in the Haversian* system, interme'diate 1., one of the plates of bone in the intervals between the Haversian systems. 1. atropi'nse (Br.), disc of atropine, contains gr. -^^Vff (o . 000013) ^^ atropine sulphate. 1. cocai'nse (Br.), disc of cocaine, contains gr. -^j (0.0013) °f cocaine hydrochloride 1. homatropi'nae (Br.), disc of homatropine, con- tains gr. -j^ (0.0006) of homatropine hydrobro- mide. 1. physostigmi'ns (Br ), disc of physos- tigmine, contains gr. -j-irVir (0.00006) of physos- tigmine sulphate, trian'gular 1., velum inter- positum. vit'reous 1., lamina basalis. lameU'ar. Scaly, arranged in thin plates scales ; relating to lamellae. lam'ina, pi. lam'ina [L.] i. A thin plate or flat layer. 2. The neurapophysis, or flattened por- tion of either side of a vertebral arch. 3. One of the folds, about 500 in number, of the horse's hoof, forming the matrix from which the horn, or crust, of the hoof is developed. 4. In botany, the expanded portion of a leaf. 1. afflx'a [L. aM^us, attached, fastened] [BNA], a thin plate in the floor of the pars centralis of the lateral ven- tricle, adherent to the superior surface of the thalamus. 1. basa'Iis [BNA], basal layer, 1. vitrea, Bruch's mem- brane, Henle's membrane, the transparent, nearly structureless inner layer of the chorioid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. I. basila'rls [BNA], the basal lamina of the neural tube, a broad strip on the ventral surface. 1. choriocapilla'Tis [BNA], choiiocapillary layer, Ruysch's membrane, the middle layer of the chorioid, composed of a very close capillary network. 1. chorioid' ea, chorioid lamina, the epithelial wall of a. cerebral ventricle. 1. chorioid' ea epithelia'lis [BNA], epithelial chorioid layer, the thin epithelial layer lining the roof of the third and also of the fourth ventricle. 1. cine'rea, 1. terminalis [BNA]. 1. cribro'sa [BNA], cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; a horizontal lamina from which are suspended the lateral mass, or labyrinth, on either side and the lamina perpendicularis in the center; it fits into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and supports the olfactory lobes of the cerebrum, being pierced with nu- merous openings for the passage of the olfactory nerves. 1. cribro'sa scle'ree, perforated layer of the sclera, the portion of the sclera through which pass the fibers of the optic nerve. 1. denta'lis, a band of thickening of the mouth epi- thelium along the margin of the gum, in the embryo, from which the enamel organ is developed. 1. denta'ta, dentate plate, crista spiralis, the firmly serrated edge of the lamina spiralis ossea. 1. elas'tica ante'rior [BNA], anterior elastic layer. Bowman's membrane, a thin stratum, of the cornea ' lying immediately beneath the outer layer of stratified epithelium between it and the substantia propria. 1. elas'tica poste'rior [BNA], posterior elastic layer, Descemet's membrane, membrane of Demours, a thin structureless membrane between the substantia pro- pria and the endothelial layer of the cornea. 1. eiter'na [BNA], the outer table of the skull, the outer compact layer of the cranial bones. I. flbrocartilagin'ea interpu'bica [BNA], discus interpubicus. the cartilaginous layer (usually ossiiied) at the symphysis pubis. IINA 537 LANCET . fus'ca [L. fuscus, brown] [BNA], brown layer, a n layer of loose, pigmented connective tissue on the ler surface of the sclera, connecting it with the >rioid. . inter'na [BNA], inner table of the skull, the inner npact layer of the cranial bones. Ulatera'Us^l.media'liSr proceB'su8pterygoid'ei[BNA], 3 external and internal pterygoid plates, two bony ites extending downward from the point of union of B body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone on her side, am'inse medulla'res [BNAJ, (i) layers of white sub- ince seen on section of the cerelaellum; (2) layers of ite substance seen on section of the thalamus, the ex- •nal being between the internal capsule and the outer iface, the internal between the lateral and mesial clei. lam'inae medulla'res thal'ami, the medullary layer the thalamus, sheets of white fibers, covering the rface and separating the nuclei of the thalamus, rmed by the fibers of the thalamic radiation. ,. modi'oU [BNA], plate of the modiolus, a bony ite, the continuation of the modiolus and of the sep- m between the convolutions of the spiral canal of 3 cochlea extending upward toward the cupola, form- l with the hamulus the helicotrema. . papyra'cea [BNA], paper plate or papyrus, orbital ite of the ethmoid bone, os planum; a thin plate of me bounding externally the ethmoidal labyrinth on ;her side and forming a portion of the inner wall of e orbit. . perpendicula'ris [BNA], perpendicular or vertical ite of the ethmoid bone; a thin plate of bone, project- j above the horizontal plate to form the crista galli d depending from it between the two lateral masses; articulates with the crest of the sphenoid, the vomer, e cartilaginotis nasal septum, the nasal spine of the 3ntal, and the nasal bones. L, quadrigem'ina[BNAl,quadrigeminallayer, alayer rmed by the quadrigeminal bodies, resting on the :atum griseum centrale, and separating it from the rface of the mesencephalon; a crucial fissure marks : the four eminences on the surface called corpora Ladrigemina. 1. reticula'riB, reticular plate, membrana reticularis. , rostra'lis [BNA], rostral lamina or layer, the thin rminal portion of the rostrum of the corpus callosum ssing down in front of the anterior commissure to the terior perforated substance and the subcallosa ' gyrus. I. spira^Us os'sea [B NA], osseous spiral lamina, a uble plate of bone winding spirally around the modio- j dividing the spiral canal of the cochlea incom- ;tely into two, scala tympani and scala vestibuli; tween the two plates of this lamina the fibers of the chlear nerve reach the organ of Corti. 1. spira'Iis 8ecunda'ria» secondary spiral plate, a ridge t the outer wall of the first turn of the cochlea oppo- se the lamina spiralis. „ suprachorioid'ea [BNA], suprachorioid layer, a irer of loose, pigmented connective tissue on the outer rface of the chorioid, resembling and attached to the nina fusca of the sclera. 1. Bupraneuropor'ica, the part of the membranous roof the diencephalon covering the foramen of Monro, 1. termina'lis [BNA], terminal plate, 1, cinerea, t^rmly thin plate passing upward in front of the optic chiasm id forming the anterior wall of the third ventricle. I. tra'gi [BNA], 1. of the tragus, a 1 ongitudinala, rved lamina of cartilage, the beginning of the carti- jinous portion of the external auditory meatus. [. vasculo'sa [BNA], vascular layer, the outer portion the chorioid containing the largest blood-vessels. 1. vif rea [L. vitrewi, glassy], Bruch's membrane, the ner layfir of the chorioid, 1. basalis. 'inar. Arranged in plates or laminae ; relating to ly lamina. [nana (lam-i-na'rf-ah). The base of the thallus ' Laminaria cloustoni, seagirdle, seastafl, a, sea- eed of the coasts of North America and of estem Europe; formerly employed, when dried, ! a tent for dilating the canal of the cervix uteri id sinuses. 'inated. Laminar. lamina 'tion. i. An arrangement in the form of plates or laminae. 2. Embryotomy by removing the head in slices. la'mine. An alkaloid from Lamium album, the white-flowered dead-nettle, the salts of which are said to be hemostatic when taken internally or by hypodermic injection. laminec'tomy. ]L. lamina + G. ektome, excision.] Removal of one or more laminas of the vertebrae. laminitis (lam-in-i'(eOtis). i. Inflammation of any lamina. 2. Pounder in horses, inflammation of the laminae of the hoof. la mnec'to my. Laminectomy . Lamotte's' drops. Tinctura ferri chloridi (N.P.). lam'pas [Fr.] A slight inflammation and swelling of the fleshy ridges on the roof of the mouth of the horse. lamp'black. A fine soot, obtained from burning resin or oil. lamprophonia (lam-pro-fo'ni-ah) [G. lampros, clear, bright, + phone, voice.] Marked clearness or distinctness of voice. lamprophon'ic. Clear voiced. Lamus (la'mus). A genus of bugs of the family ReduviidcB, resembling Conorhinus, L. megis'- tus, a species which is the carrier of Trypanosoma cruzi, the pathogenic agent of South American trypanosomiasis. lamziekte (lahm'zek-teh) [D. lam, lame, + ziekte, sickness.] A disease of cattle in South Africa, marked by a waddling gait, arching of the back, and paralysis of the muscles of deglu- tition ; in chronic forms the animal loses weight; there are no characteristic postmortem appearances. lanain (lan'ah-in). Trade name of a prepared lanolin. lana kerol (lah'nah ke'rol). Trade name of a bac- tericidal preparation, said to be an oxidized diphenyl compound, used in the treatment of skin diseases. lance [L. lancea, a. slender spear,] i. To incise a part, as an abscess or boil. 2. A lancet. Lancereaux's diabe'tes (lahn-s6-ro') [Etienne Lo»- cereaux, Parisian physician, 1 82 9-1 910.] Dia- betes mellitus accompanied with extreme emaci- ation, often associated with pancreatic disease- L.'s meth'od, treatment of internal aneurysm by subcutaneous injections of gelatin. L.*s nephri'tis, rheimiatic interstitial nephritis Thumb-lancet. lan'cet [Fr. lancette.] A surgical knife with a short, wide, sharp-pointed, two-edged blade, gum 1., a 1. used for incising the gum over the crown of an erupting tooth, spring 1., one the blade of which is set in the handle with a spring, thumb 1., a, 1. with short flat blade which folds back, when closed, between two plates of the handle. LANCET COEFFICIENT 538 LANGERHANS' CELLS Lancet coefficient (lan'set ko-e-fish'ent) [Lancet, an English medical journal which created the com- mission that determined the coefficient.] See under coefficient. lan'cinating [L. lancinare, to tear.] Noting a sharp cutting or tearing pain. Lancisi's nerves or stri'se (lahn-che'ze) [Giovanni Maria Lancisi, Italian physician, 1654—1720.] Striae* longitudinales lateralis et medialis. Landau test (lahn'dow). A color test for syphilis: into a test-tube 12 mm. in diameter, containing 0.2 c.c. of the suspected serum, there is poured o . I c.c. of a I per cent, solution of iodine in tetrachlormethane. The tube is left to stand four hours or more. There is then added 0.2 c.c. of a solution of ammonia. If the test is positive the solution is clear and transparent. If the serum is normal the solution is milk-white. Landeck, Bad Landeck, Prussian Silesia (lahn'dek). Sulphurous waters, 66° F. to 84° F. Many springs. Used by drinking and bathing in dis- eases of women, neuroses, anemia, gout, rheuma- tism, skin affections, and catarrh of the re- spiratory organs. May to October. Landerer's meth'od (lahn'der-er) [Albert Siegmund Landerer, German surgeon, 1854— 1904.] Treat- ment of tuberculosis with injections of cin- namic acid. Land'mann's tuber'culln. See imder tuberculin. Landolfi's caustic (lahn-dol'fe) [Nicola Landolfi, Neapolitan surgeon, nineteenth century.] A caustic made of equal parts of the chlorides of zinc, gold, antimony, and bromine. Landolt's' bod'ies [Edmond Landolt, Parisian oculist, '^1846.] Small bodies of indeterminate nature found between the rods and cones of the retina. Landouzy's disease' (lahn-doo-ze') [Louis Landouzy, Parisian physician, 1845-1917.] Weil's* dis- ease. L.'s type, progressive atrophic myopathy of infancy, beginning in the muscles of the face, shoulder, and arm. Landouzy-Dejerine type (lahn-doo-ze' da-zha-ren'). Landouzy's type. Landouzy-Grasset law (lahh-doo-ze' grah-sa') In lesions of one hemisphere, the patient's head is turned to the side of the affected muscles if there is spasticity, to that of the cerebral lesion if there is paralysis. Landry's paraly'sis (lan'dre — Fr. lahh-dre') [Jean Baptiste Octave Landry, French physician, 1826-1865,] Acute ascending paralysis.* land' -scurvy. Purpura hasmorrhagica. Landstrom's muscle (lahnd'stremz mus'l) [John Landslrom, Swedish surgeon, 1869-1910.] Mi- scropic muscle fibers in the fascia behind and about the eyeball, attached anteriorly to the lids and anterior orbital fascia; its action is to draw the eyeball forward and the lids back- ward resisting the pull of the four orbi- tal muscles. Landzert's fos'sa (lahn'- tsairt). A fossa formed by two peri- toneal folds, enclosing the left colic artery and the inferior mes- entric vein, respec- tively, at the side of the duodenum; it is smaller than the fossa paraduodenalis which is sometimes found in the same region. Lane Mineral Springs, California. Acid-chalybeate- Landzert's Fossa. {Landouzy and Jayle.) sulphureted waters. Used by drinking in dys- pepsia, constipation, liver and kidney disorders, and chronic malarial poisoning. Lane's kinks [Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, English surgeon, contemporary.] Abrupt bends in the intestine occurring at various points, as at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum, at the hepatic and splenic flexures of the colon, and elsewhere, due apparently to the upright position of the body. L.'s opera'tion, short circuiting the colon, for chronic constipation, by anastomosing the lower end of the ileum into the rectum. L.'s plates, flattened narrow vanadium steel bars of various shapes and sizes, perforated for screws, employed to hold the fragments of a fractured bone in apposition. Lane-Lannelongue opera'tion (lan-lan'S-long-g) [W. Arbuthnot Lane; Odilar Lannelongue.] A decompression operation consisting in removal of segments of bone from the roof of the skull. lan'esin. Trade name of a preparation of lanolin. Lange's solu'tion (lahng'eh) [0. Lange, German biochemist, contemporary.] Colloidal gold solu- tion: to 500 c.c. hot distilled water add 5 c.c. of a 1 per cent, solution of gold chloride and 5 c.c. of a 2 per. cent, solution of potassium carbonate, and then heat rapidly to the boiling point; then add 5 CO. of a I per cent, dilution of formalin and shake until the solution is of a clear red color. L.'s test, gold sol test, to determine the 1 presence > of reducing bodies in the spinal fluid:! 12 test-tubes are prepared containing from i— 10 to 1—20,000 dilution of spinal fluid in 0.4 per cent, sodium chloride solution; to each of the tubes 5 c.c. of L.'s solution is added and allowed to stand 24 hours; ■ the gold is precipitated to a varying extent in the different dilutions, the greatest pre- cipitation in syphilitic and parasyphilitic cases being in the i-io dilution. Langenbach's incision (lahng'en-bahkhs in-sizh'un). An incision through the linea semilunaris made in order to expose the spleen or tail of the pancreas. Langenbeck's tii'angle (lahug'en-bek) [Bemhard Rudolf Konrad von Langenbeck, German surgeon, 18 10-1887.] A triangle formed by lines drawn from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the outer surface of the great trochanter and to the surgical neck of the femur; a penetrating wound in this area probably involves the joint. Langenbriicken, Germany (lahng'en-bruk-en). Alkaline-saline-sulphurous-carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, syphilis, catarrh of the respiratory organs, hemorrhoids, and abdominal plethora. May i to October i. Langenschwalbach (lahng"en-shvahrbahkh). See Schwalbach. Lang'er's muscle [Carl Ritter von Edenberg von Langer, German anatomist, 18 19-1887.] Ten- dinomuscular fibers passing from the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle across the bicipital groove to the insertion of the latissimus dorsi. Langerhans' • cells (lahng'er-hahns) [Paul Langer- kans, German anatomist, 1 847-1 888.] Star- shaped cells in the deeper part of tfie stratum germinativum of the epidermis, possibly pig- mented leucocytes. I 2. Centroacinar cells, spindle- shaped cells occupying the lumina of the acini of the pancreas. L.'s islands, small, cellular masses lying in the interstitial tissue of the pancreas ; they are supposed to elaborate an internal secretion, and their destruction appears to stand in causal relation with diabetes. L.'s lay'er, stratum granulosum cutis. UHAJNS' CJii^L,b S39 LAPIS hans' cells (lahng'hahns) [Theodor Langhans, rman pathologist, 1839-1915.] i. Giant Is in tubercle, z. The nucleated polygonal Is forming L.'s layer. L.'s lay'er, a cellular mbrane covering the placental villi beneath 1 syncytium ; it disappears in the later months pregnancy. lol (lan'i-kol). Trade name of a preparation lanolin. 1. Trade name of a preparation of lanolin. elongue's meth'od (lan-S-long'g) [Odilon nnelongue, Parisian surgeon, 1841-1911.] ection of zinc chloride into the tissues in ler to stimulate the growth of fibrous tissue. s tib'ia, a tibia affected with syphilis. lonn. Trade name of a i per cent, solution of maldehyde in lanolin. in [L. lana, wool, + oleum, oil.] Adeps lanas Jrosus. I'na. A genus of plants of the order Verbena (B, several species of which have antiperiodic 1 tonic properties. line (lan'tah-nen). An alkaloid from various cies of Lantana, having antiperiodic properties lilar to, but feebler than, those of quinine. irmann's inci'sures (lahn'ter-mahn). Schmidt- itermann incisures. L.'s seg'ments, the divi- is of the nerve-fiber between the Schmidt- itermann incisures. mum (lan'tha-num) [G. lanthano, I escape ice.] A metallic element of leaden gray color, abol La, atomic weight 139. lopine. An alkaloid obtained from the ther liquor of morphine, C23H25N04; a white, stalline, tasteless powder. jnous (lan-oo'jin-us) . Covered with lanugo. :o (lan-oo'go) (L. down, wooliness, from lana, ol.j [BNA]. The fine hair covering most of body, except the palms and soles, and where hair grows long, as on the head. n [L. lana, wool.] Lanolin, s operation (lahnts) [Otto Lam, Amsterdam geon, *i865.] Portherelief of elephantiasis of lower extremity; incisions are made in the jh down to the femur, the latter is trephined, [ strips of the fascia lata are inserted into opening in the bone and attached thereto. ; point, a point on a line drawn between the ( anterior superior iliac spines, one-third of the ;ance from the right spine, indicating the loca- 1 of the origin of the vermiform appendix. tic [G. lapaktikos.] Purgative, laxative. ictomy (lap"ar-ek'to-nil) [G. lapara, flank, + 'me, excision.] Excision of strips or gores in abdominal wall and suture of the edges of the md, in cases of abnormal laxity of the abdom- . muscles. I- [G. lapara, flank, loins.] A prefix denoting loins or, less properly, the abdomen in general. icholecystotomy (lap"ar-o-ko-le-sis-tot'o-m![). ilecystotomy. ocolos'tomy [G. lapara, loins, + kolon, colon, stoma, mouth.] Formation of an artificial s, by opening into the colon from the side. icolot'omy. Colotomy. ocolpot'omy [G. lapara, loins, -f- kolpos, sinus s;ina), -I- tome, incision.] Celioelytrotomy. cystectomy (lap"r-o-sis-tek'to-mI) [G. lapara, s, + hystis, cyst, -f- ektome, excision.] Re- rai. of an ovarian or other cystic tumor through ncision in the abdominal wall. cystidotomy (lap-S.-ro-sis-tl-dot'o-inl). Lap- lystotomy. cystotomy (lap"ar-o-sis-tot'o-nil) [G. lapara. loins, -f- kystis, cyst, H- tome, incision.] i. Evacuation of the contents of an ovarian or other cystic tumor through an incision in the abdominal wall. 2. Suprapubic* cystotomy. laparoelytrotomy (lap"ar-o-el-i-trot'o-mI) [G. lapara, loins, + elytron, sheath (vagina), + tome, in- cision.] Celioelytrotomy. laparoenterostomy (lap"ar-o-en-ter-os'to-mI) [G. la- para, flank, + enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth.] Formation of an artificial anus in the loin. laparoenterotomy (lap"ar-o-en-ter-ot'o-mI) [G. la- para, flank, -I- enteron, intestine, -f tome, incision.] Opening into the intestine through an incision in the loin, or through the abdominal wall in any locality; celioenterotomy is the correct term for the latter operation. lap"arogastros'tomy [G. lapara, flank, -I- gaster, stomach, -(- stoma, mouth.] Celiogastrostomy. lap"arogastrot'omy [G. lapara, loins, -t- gaster, stomach, + tome, incision.] Celiogastrotomy. lap"arohepatot'omy [G. lapara, flank, -1- hepar QiSpat-), liver, -H tome, incision.] Incision into the liver from the side. laparohysterec'tomy. Celiohysterectomy. laparohystero-oophorectomy (lap"ar-o-his"ter-o-o-o- for-ek'to-mJ) [G. lapara, loins, H- hystera, uterus, + don, ovum, -t- phoros, bearer, + ektome, excision.] Removal of the uterus and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal wall; more properly, celiohystero-oothecectomy. lap"arohys'teropexy [G. lapara, loins, + hystera, uterus, -I- pexis, fixation.] Celiohysteropexy, hysteropexy.* Iap"arohys"terosal"pingo-o"ophorec'tomy. Removal of uterus and adnexa through an abdominal incision; more properly, celiohysterosalpingo- oothecectomy. laparohysterot'omy. Celiohysterotomy. laparomonodid'ymus [G. lapara, loins, -F monos, single, -H didymos, twin.] A monster, double above but single from the pelvis down. laparomyositis (lap"ar-o-mj-o-si'(se')tis) [G. lapara, flank, + m.ys{myo-), muscle, + -itis.'\ Inflam- mation of the lateral abdominal muscles. laparomyomec'tomy. Celiomyectomy. laparomyomot'omy. Celiomyomotomy. laparonephrec'tomy (G. lapara, flank, -f- nephros, kidney, -¥ ektome, excision.] Removal of the kidney through an incision in the loin. laparor'rhaphy. Celiorrhaphy. lap"arosalpingec'tomy. Celiosalpingectomy. laparosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap"ar-o-sal"pin-go- o-o-for-ek'to-ml). Celiosalpingo-oothecectomy lap"arosalpingot'omy. Celiosalpingotomy. laparos'copy. Celioscopy. laparosplenectomy (lap"ar-o-sple-nek'to-mI) [G. la- para, flank, H- splen, spleen, + ektome, excision.] Removal of the spleen through an incision in the abdominal wall. lap"arosplenot'omy [G. lapara, flank, -F splen, spleen, -I- tom£, incision.] Incision through the abdominal wall into the spleen. laparot'omize. To subject to laparotomy. laparotomy (IS-par-ot'o-mif) [G. lapara, flank, -H tome, incision.] Incision into the loin; in- cision through any part of the abdominal wall, celiotomy, abdominal section. laparotyphlotomy (lap"ar-o-ti-flot'o-mlt). Typhlot- omy through a lateral abdominal incision, laparouterotomy (lap"ar-o-u"ter-ot'o-ml) [G. lapara, flank, -I- L. uterus + G. tome, incision.] Celio- hysterotomy. la'pis [L.] A stone. 1. calamina'ris prsepara'ta, calamina praeparata, formerly in the B.P., native LAPIS S40 LARYNGOPHTHIS zinc carbonate. 1. caus'ticus chirurgo'rum, caustic potassa, potassii hydroxidum. 1. divi'nus, aluminated copper, cuprum aluminatum. 1. imperia'Us, 1. infemalis. 1. infemalis, lunar caustic, argenti nitras. 1. luna'ris, 1. infemalis. 1. ophthal'micus, 1. divinus. lappa (lap'pah) [L. a burr.] (N.P.) Burdock, beggars' buttons, the dried root of Arctium lappa, an herb of the north temperate zone; employed as an alterative and diuretic, given in decoction or in the oflficial (U.S.P.) fluid- extractum. * lapse [L. lapsare, to fall, slip.] i . To cease payment of the premium on a policy and therefore to for- feit the policy, z. To be cancelled in conse- quence of the non-payment of premiums, said of a policy of insurance. laqueus (lak'we-us) [L. noose.] A band, cord, or fillet. 1. cer'ebri, 1. pedun'culi, lemniscus. 1. umbilica'lis, umbilical cord. Larat's meth'od (IS-rS') [Jules-Louis-Franfois- Adrien Larat, French physician, *r857.] Faradic treatment of diphtheritic paralysis of the palate by means of an electrode in a basin of water in which the child immerses its hands, the other electrode being applied to the nape of the neck. lar'bish. CErbiss, a form of creeping eruption ob- served in Senegal, apparently not due to the presence of a dipterous larva. larch. Larix. lard [L. lardum.'] Adeps. lardacein (lar-da'se-in). An albuminoid substance (protein), allied to keratin and elastin, said by Kekul6 to be the material of waxy or amyloid degeneration. larda'ceous. Resembling lard or bacon. 1. disease, 1. degenera'tion, amyloid degeneration.* Lardennois' meth'od (lar-den-wah') [Henri harden- nois, French surgeon, *i872.] The establishment of an anastomosis between any part of the intes- tine, especially the colon, and the rectum by means of a button similar to Murphy's* button. lar'gin. A trade name for a combination of silver and paranucleo-protein, silver albuminate or protalbinate ; a gray powder, soluble in 9 parts of water and containing 11 parts of metallic silver; said to be relatively non-irritating and of high penetrating power. lar'icis cor'tex. Bark of the larch, larix. la'rix. The bark of the European larch, Larix europcea; astringent and hemostatic, employed in bronchitis, hemoptysis, and chronic cystitis in doses of 5^1(2.0—4.0) of a tincture, or gr. 3—5 (o. 2-0.3) °f ^^ extract. lark'spur. Delphinium. larosan (lah-ro'zahn). Trade name of a. soluble compound of casein and calcium oxide (2.5 per cent.), employed in solution in milk in cases of digestive and nutritional disturbances in children. Laroyenne's opera'tion (ISr-wS-yen') [Lucien La- royenne, French surgeon, *r876.] Puncture of Douglas's cul-de-sac by a trocar to evacuate the pus and to secure drainage in cases of pelvic suppuration. Larrey's cleft (IS-ra') [Jean Dominique Larrey, surgeon in chief of Napoleon's army, 1 766-1842.] Trigonum stemocostale. L.'s liga'tion, ligation of the femoral artery immediately below Pou- part's ligament. Itir'va [L. a mask.] 1. The worm-like form of an insect on issuing from the egg, a grub, maggot, or caterpillar. ^. The young of any animal differing in form from its parent. 1. mi'grans, creeping eruption, a progressing circumscribed line dermatitis caused by the burrowing in the skir the minute larva of a species of Gastrophihts bot-fly. larva'ceous, lar'val. Larvate. lar'vate, lar'vated [L. larva, mask.] Masked concealed, noting a disease with absent or aty cal symptoms. lar'vicide [L. larva + cadere, to kill.] i. Destr tive to larvae — grubs, caterpillars, etc. 2. agent that kills larvae. laryn'geal. Relating in any way to the larynx. laryngec'toxny [G. larynx + ektome, excisio Excision of the larynx. laryngismus (lar-in-jiz'mus). A spasmodic narrc ing or closure of the rima glottidis. 1. paral}rt'ic "roaring" in horses, due to paralysis of the current laryngeal nerve. 1. strid'ulus [L. stridul noisy], crowing convulsions, Kopp's asthn Millar's asthma, Weichmann's asthma; a sp modio closure of the glottis, lasting a few secon followed by a noisy inspiration; cf. laryngi siridulosa, laryngif ic. Relating to or catised by laryngitis. laryngitis (lar-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. larynx + -»%.] flammationof the mucous membrane of the laryi atroph'ic 1., 1. sicca. 1. sic'ca, atrophic 1., chroni leading to atrophy of the glandular structures the mucous membrane and diminished secretie 1. stridulo'sa, false croup, spasmodic 1., catarrl inflammation of the larynx in children, acco: panied by night attacks of spasmodic closure the glottis, causing inspiratory stridor, men branous 1., a form in which there is a pseuc membranous exudate on the vocal cords. 1 lap'sing ulcerative 1., a form of superficial sypl: itic ulceration of the vocal cords, subglott'ic chorditis vocalis inferior, inflammation of t under surface of the vocal cords andadjacent par laiyngocele (lar-ing'go-sel) [G. larynx + kele, hemi I. Dilatation of the larynx. 2. Prolapse of portion of the mucous membrane of the larynj laiyn"gocente'sis [G. larynx{laryng-) + kenies puncture.] Puncture or short incision into t larynx for the removal of a small tiunor. laryngofission (lar-ing"go-fish'un). Laryngoiissu: laiyngofissure (lar-ing"go-fish'ur). Laryngofissic laryngotomy; an incision into the middle line the larynx through the thyroid cartilage. laiyn'gograph [G. larynx(laryng-) + grapho, record.] An instrument for making a tracing the movements of the larynx. laryngorogy [G. larynx(,laryng-) + -logia.\ T . branch of medical science which has to do wi the larynx ; the specialty of diseases of the laryr laiyn"goparal'ysis. Paralysis of the laryng! muscles. laryngop'athy [G. larynx{laryng-) + path suffering.] Any disease of the larynx. laryn"gophan'tom [G. phantasma, image.] model of the larynx for use in the study of t anatomy or for practice in laryngoscopy. laiyn''gopharyn'geal. Relating to both larynx a pharynx (noting the musculus laryngophary geus) or to the laryngopharynx. Iaryn"gopharynge'us. See iinder musculus. laryn''gophar'ynx. The lower portion of the phi ynx, extending from the vestibule of the lary to the esophagus at the lower border of t cricoid cartilage. laryngoph'ony [G. phone, voice.] The voice soun heard in ausculation of the larynx. laryngophthisis (lar-ing"go-ti'(te')sis). Tubercu sis of the larynx. NGOPLASTY S4I LATEROVERSION oplasty [G. plasso, I form.] Reparative or tic surgery of the larynx. Dplegia (l&-ring"go-ple'ji-ah) [G. pUge, £6.] Laryngoparalysis, paralysis of the IX. [orhinol'ogy [G. larynx{laryng-'^ + rhis i), nose, + -logial\ The branch of medical ice which has to do with affections of the IX and of the nose. ;orThe'a, laryn"gorrhoe'a [G. rhoia, a flow.] norrhea, or excessive mucous discharge, from arynx. [osclero'ma. The occurrence of an indurated h, or scleroma, of the larynx. ;oscope [G. larynx{laryng-) + skoped, I ;ct.] A small round mirror, attached at an 5 to a rod-like handle, used to obtain a view le interior of the larynx. joscop'ic. Relating to laryngoscopy. js'copist. A person skilled in the use of the igoscope. js'copy. Inspection of the larynx by means le laryngoscope. , jospasm. Spasm of the muscles of the ax. js'tasis [G. larynx + stasis, a stoppage.] ip; laryngeal asthma. }stenosis (lar-ing"go-ste-no'sis) [G. stenosis, a. owing.] Stricture or narrowing of the lumen le larynx. Ds'tomy [G. laryn«{laryng-') + stoma, mouth.] establishment of a permanent opening from neck into the larynx atome (lar-ing'go-tom). An instrument for in laryngotomy or for dividing stricttu-es or is in the larynx, dila'ting 1., an instrument I almond-shaped extremity, in which is con- 3d a knife, used for the intralaryngeal division ;rictures and cicatricial bands, ot'omy [G. tomi, incision.] An incision into larynx, tistially below the vocal cords, to give f in dyspnea or for the removal of a new rth. infe'rior 1., incision through the crico- ■oid membrane, me'cjian 1., laryngofissure. I'rior 1., incision through the thyrohyoid ibrane. otracheal (lar-ing'go-tra'ke-al). Relating to 1 larynx and trachea. otracheitis (lar-ing"go-tra-ke-i'(e')tis). In .mation of both larynx and trachea. otracheotomy (lar-ing'go-tra-ke-ot'o-mK) [G. f, incision.] An incision through the cricoid ilage and the upper tracheal rings. oxerosis (lar-ing"go-ze-ro'sis) [G. xerosis, a ng up.] An abnormal dryness of the laryn- mucous membrane. c [G.] The organ of voice production; the er part of the respiratory tract between the rynx and the trachea; it lies in front of the ies of the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae, its s are formed by nine cartilages connected by 3US membranes, and the vocal cords, en- iped in folds of mucous membrane attached he sides, pass in an anteroposterior direction iss its lumen. The cartilages are nine in num- three single — thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis, three paired — ar tenoid, comicula laryngis, cuneiform. ise^ laryngopathy. dryness, laryngoxerosis, ozena igis. examination, laryngoscopy, excessive se- on, laryngorrhea. excision, laryngectomy, glottid- my. fistula, laiyngosyrinx. hemorrhage, laryn- liagia. incision, laryngocentesis, laryngotomy, ngofission, thyrotomy. inflammation, laryngitis :iditis, glottitis, ozena laryngis, laryngocatarrh, laryngocace, croup, measurement, laryngometp'. obstruction, laryngemphraxis, laryngostenosis. pain, laryngalgia, laryngodynia. paralysis, laryngoparaly- sis. laryngoplegia. piastic surgery, laryngoplasty. spasm, laryngismus, laryngospasm, glottidospasmus. specialty of diseases, laryngology, tuberculosis, laryn- gophthisis. lasciy'ia [L. lascivire, to be wanton.] Satyriasis, nymphomania. Lasigue's disease' (la-seg') [Ernest Charles Lasigue, Parisian physician, 1816-1883.] Mania of perse- cution. L,*s sign, extreme sensitiveness to stretching of the nerve-trunk in cases of peripheral neuritis. L.'s syn'drome, inability to move the anesthetic limb, except imder control of the sight, in hysteria. lash. I. An eyelash. 2. A flagellum. Lass'ar's paste [Oskar Lassar, Berlin dermatologist, 1849-1907.] I. Pasta betanaphtholis (N.F.). ;j. Pasta resorcinolis fortis (N.F.). 3. Pasta resorcinolis mitis (N. F.). 4. Pasta zinci (N.F.). lassitude (las'i-tud) [L, lassitude; lassus; weary.] A sense of weariness. Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico (lahs-va'gahs). Saline waters. Ice-cold to 140° F. About forty springs. Used by drinking and. bathing in rheumatism, gout, and diseases of the skin and lymphatic system. The climate is favorable for those suffering with hay-fever, bronchial asthma, and many forms of throat and lung diseases. latah (lah'tah) [Malay, ticklish.] A nervous affec- tion of the natives of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, characterized by an exaggerated physical response to suggestion, the subjects involuntarily uttering cries or executing move- ments in response to command or in imitation of what' they hear or see in others. It is /analogous to myriachit and to the affection from which the " jumpers " of Maine suffer. la'tent [L. latere, to be concealed.] Not manifest; concealed: noting the period of incubation of an infectious disease before the appearance of the prodromal symptoms. 1. zone, see zone. lat'erad [L. latus, side, 4- ad, to.] Toward the side. lat'eral [L. latus, side.] On the side; on the outer side, as distinguished from medial. 1. chain, side chain.* latericeous, lateritious (13,-ter-ish'us) [L. later, brick.] Resembling brick dust. lateriflec'tion, lateriflex'ion. Lateroflection. lateroabdominal (lat"er-o-ab-dom'i-nal) . Relat- ing to the sides of the abdomen, to the loins or flanks. laterodevia'tion [L. latusQater-), side, -f- deviare, to turn aside.] A bending or a displacement to one side. lateroduc'tion [L. latusQater-), side, -I- ducere, to lead.] A drawing to one side, noting a movement of a limb or of the eyeball. lateroflec'tion, lateroflex'ion [L. latusQater-), side, -I- -flectere, to bend.] A bending or curvature to one side. lateropul'sion [L. latusQater-), side, 4 pulsio, a pushing.] An involuntary sidewise movement occurring in certain nervous affections. laf'erotor'sion [L. latusQater-), side, + torquere, to twist.] Twisting to one side, noting the turning of the eyeball arotind its anteroposterior axis. lateroversion (lat"er-o-vur'shun) [L. latusQater-), side, + vertere, to turn.] Turning to one side or the other, noting especially a malposition of the uterus. LATHAM'S CIRCLE 542 LAWN-TENNIS AI La'tham's cir'cle [Peter Mere Latham, English physician, 1789-1875.] A circle 2 inches in diameter around a point midway between the left nipple and the lower end of the sternum, cor- responding to the area of pericardial dulness. lathyrism (lath'I-rizm) [G. lathyros, vetch.] Lupino- sis; formerly thought to be a poisoning by flour adulterated with chick-pea (Lathyrus sativus or L. cicera), but now regarded as possibly a defi- ciency* disease. The symptoms are nervous in character, tremors, spastic paraplegia, and par- esthesias of various forms. latis'simus [L. superlative of latus, broad.] Broadest, a term applied to certain broad flat muscles. 1. col'll, musculus platysma. 1. dor'si, see under musculus. Lat'ta's se'rum. An inorganic serum, composed of sodium carbonate i, sodium chloride 2, water 2. la'tiis, gen. lat'eris, pi. lat'era [L.] The side, the flank ; a side. la'tus, f . la'ia, n. la'tum [L.] Broad. laudable (law'da-bl) [L. laudabilis, praisworthy.] A term formerly applied to thick creamy pus {pus bonum ei laudabile), which was thought to imply a healthy condition of the wound. lau'danine. An alkaloid derived from the mother liquor of morphine, CjjH^jNOj; a white crystal- line powder, causing tetanic convulsions, its action resembling that of strychnine. laudanosine (law'dan-o-sen). An alkaloid ob- tained from the mother liquor of morphine, C2iH27N04; occurs as a yellowish white crystalline powder; causes tetanic convulsions. laudanum (law'dan-um) [G. ledanon, a certain resinous gtmi.] Tinctura opii. Syd'enham's 1., vinum opii. laughing-gas (lahf'ing-gas). Nitrous-oxide gas, nitrogen monoxide. Laugier's her'nia (lo-zhe-a') [Stanislas Laugier, Parisian surgeon, 1799-1872.] A hernia passing through an opening in Gimbemat's ligament. L.'s sign, in fracture of the lower portion of the radius, the styloid processes of the radius and of the ulna are on the same level. Laumonier's gan'glion (lo-mii-ne-a') [Jean Baptiste Laumonier, French surgeon, 1749-1818.] Gan- glion caroticum. Laurer's canal (low'rurz k^-nal'). A minute canal passing from the ovarian duct to the dorsal sur- face in Trematoda; L.'s nu'cleus, Deiters'* nucleus. laurel (law'rel). Laurus. cherry 1., laurocerasi folia. lauTOcer'asl folia (Br.). Cherry laurel leaves, the leaves of Prunus laurocerasus, containing hydrocyanic acid; employed as a bronchial and nerve sedative in the official (B.P.), aqua laurocerasi. laurocerasus (law-ro-ser'a-sus) [L. laurus, laurel, -I- cerasus, cherry.] Cherry laurel. laurotet'anine. An alkaloid from Teihrantus citrata, an occasional adulterant of cubeb. lau'rus. Laurel, bay, sweet bay, the leaves and the fruit of Laurus nobilis; of little or no use in medi- cine. Lauth's canal' (lowt) [Ernst Alexander Lauth, Strassbourg physiologist, 1803-1837.] Canal of Schlemm or of Fontana, sinus* venosus sclera. L.'s lig'ament, ligamentum trans- versum atlantis. Lauth's vi'olet (lawth) [Charles Lauth, English chemist, 1836-1913.] Thionin, a green histo- logical stain, used for mucus, nuclei, and other structures. Lautier test (lo-tya') [Lautier, French physic: contemporary.] Two or three drops of a i cent, solution of old tuberculin are placed on- skin of the arm, covered with a pledget of cot and a guttapercha shield for forty-eight hours positive reaction indicating tuberculosis is she by the appearance of vesicles containing a co less fluid set on raised reddened papules. lavage (IS-vazh') [Fr. from L. lavare, to wash.] ' washing out of a hollow organ, as the stomacl lower bowel, by copious injections and rejecti of water. 1. of the blood, system'ic 1., intraven injection of physiological salt solution ■n induced diaphoresis and diuresis. lavan'dula. Lavender, the dried flowers of Lav dula angustifolia, a shrub of southern Euro employed as a perfume, and sometimes aj poultice for the relief of colic and neuralgia. lava'tion. Lavage. Lavdov'sky's nu'cleoid. Attraction sphere. lav'ender. Lavandula. la'ver. A seaweed of the genus Porphyra, u occasionally, as food, and thought to be servicea in cases of. glandular swellings and other ms festations of scrofula. Laveran's bod'ies or cor'puscles (IS-vS-rahh') [ Laverania.] The pathogenic organisms of mala) especially Laverania malaruB. Lavera'nia danilev'sky (Charles Laveran, Paris physician, formerly French army surgeon, ( coverer of the pathogenic organism of mala: *i845.] Hemoproteus. L. mala'riae, Plasi dium falciparum, the parasite of estivo-autum fever. la'verwort. Laver. law [A.S. togM.] A principle or rule; a form expressing a fact or niunber of facts common t group of processes or actions. Aran's 1., Bastia 1., Behiing's 1., Colles's 1., etc., see the pro names, biogenet'ic 1., 1. of recapitulation. 1. av'alanche, the multiplication of sensations in brain resulting from a single simple sensation at periphery; a theoretical law assumed by Ramo: Cajal to account for the many aches and pains the neurotic or hypochondriac. 1. of def'ii propor'tions, the relative weights of the s eral elements forming a chemical compoc are invariable. 1. of mul'tiple propor'tions, wl more than one compound is formed by ■ chemical union of two elements, the weight one of the elements remains constant while tl of the other element varies in the different cc pounds as a simple multiple of the amoimt in lowest of the series. 1. of recapitula'tion, t genetic law; in embryology, the ontogeny reca] ulates the phylogeny, or in the development of individual there is a recapitulation of the varii stages of development of the race. 1. of recip' cal propor'tions, the relative weights in which t substances form a chemical union singly witl third are the same as, or simple multiples those in which they unite with each other. I refrac'tion, rays of light passing from a den into a rarer medium are reflected away fron perpendictilar to the surface, those passing fr a rarer into a denser meditmi are reflected towi the perpendicular. 1. of segrega'tion, the Men lian theory of inheritance according to which each generation the ratio of pure dominai dominants producing descendants in the prop tion of three dominants to one recessive, and p recessives is as 1:2:1. 1. of sim'ilars. see sim\ similibus curantur. lawn-tenn'is arm. A dislocation of the prona LAWN-TENNIS ARM 543 LECITHIN teres muscle caused by certain sudden move- ments o£ the arm made in tennis. lax'ans. Trade name of a preparation of phen- olphthalein. laz'aphen. Trade name of a preparation of pheno- phthalein flavored with chocolate. laz'atin. Trade name of a preparation of phen- olphthalein. laxative (laks'a-tiv) [L. laxativus; laxare, to loosen. 1. Having the action of loosening the bowels, aperient, mildly cathartic. 2. A mild cathartic, a remedy that moves the bowels slightly without pain or violent action. laz'atol. Trade name of a preparation of phen- olphthalein. laza'tor tym'pani. One of two supposed muscles, probably ligamentous, attached to the malleus, the I. t. major to the neck, the /. i. minor to , the handle. lazicon'fect. Trade name of a preparation of phen- olphthalein. lax'ol. Trade name of a palatable preparation of castor-oil. lax'ophen. Laxaphen. layer (la'er). Stratum,* a sheet of some substance lying upon another, distinguished therefrom by a difference in texture or color or simply not con- tinuous with it. ambig'uous 1., the layer next below the outer layer of the cerebral cortex. , animal-germ 1., epiblast. bac'illar 1., the layer of rods and cones of the retina, basement \., membrana propria, blastoder'mic 1., one of the germ layers: epiblast, mesoblast, or hypoblast. central gray 1., stratum griseum centrale. claus- tral l.| the layer of gray matter between the external capsvile and the insula, colum'nar 1., bacillar 1., mantle 1. cor'neal 1., stratum comeum [BNA]. dentate L, stratum dentatum. dermal 1., epiblast. fillet 1., stratum lemnisci. ganglion'ic 1., (i), a layer of large cells in the cerebral cortex; (2) stratum ganglionare. germ 1., blastodermic 1. ger'minative 1., Malpighian 1., stratum* germina- tivimi [BNA]. gran'ular 1., stratum granulosum. homy 1., stratum comeum. latticed 1., a cortical- cell layer in the hippocampus, mantle 1., the nuclear zone of the myelospongium. molec'ular 1., stratum moleculare. mucous 1., stratum ' mucosum. neuroder'mal 1., epiblast. nu'clear 1., stratum nucleare. optic 1., stratum opticum. osteogenet'ic 1., the inner bone-forming layer of the periosteum, pap'illary 1., corpus papillare [BNA]. plasma 1,, still 1. plex'iform 1., stratum moleculare. prickle-cell 1., stratum spinosum, stratum* germinativum [BNA]. prim'itive 1., the embryonic epiblast and hypoblast, retic'ular 1., the deeper' layer of the corium, tunica* propria [BNA]. sluggish 1., still 1. still 1., the layer of the blood stream, in the capillary vessels, next to the wall of the vessel ; here the current is slow and the white blood-cells are seen rolling lazily along the side of the .tube, the center of the stream running rapidly and carrying with it the red blood-cells. subpap'illary 1., the vascular layer of the corium. Buperpap'illaiy 1., stratum mucosum. troph'ic 1., hypoblast, veg'etative 1., hypoblast, zon'ular L, stratum zonale. lay'ering. An arrangement of layers layman (la'inan) [G. laikos, belonging to the people, -t- man.] One of the laity, a non-pro- fessional man in reference to the profession of theology, law, or medicine, as the case may be. lazaretto (laz-3,-ret'o) [It. lazzaretto; lazzaro, a leper.] I. A leper hospital, a. A hospital for the treat- ment of contagious diseases, a pest-house. 3. A place of detention for persons in quarantine. lb. An abbreviation for pound, Latin libra. L.D, Abbreviation for light difference, i.e. the difference in the perception of light between the two eyes. L.D.A. Abbreviation for left dorsoan tenor, noting the position of the fetus in utero with its back toward the left side of the anterior abdominal wall of tlje mother. L.D.P. Abbreviation for left dorsoposterior, noting the position of the fetus with its back toward the left side of the back of the mother. L.E. Abbreviation for left eye. leaching (le'ching) [A.S. leccan, to wet.] Lixivia- tion. • lead (led) [A.S. ledd.1 A metallic element, symbol Pb, atomic weight sot .i\see plumbum. 1. pois'- oning, acute or chronic intoxication by lead or any of its salts. The symptoms of acute poisoning are usually those of acute gastroenteritis. Chronic poisoning is manifested chiefly by anemia, constipation, abdominal pain, paralysis, espe- cially of the extensor muscles of the forearm, arteriosclerosis, and convulsions or delirium. red 1., plumbi oxidum rubrum. su'gar of 1., plumbi acetas. white 1., plumbi carbonas. lead (led). One of the records, usually three in number, taken by means of the electrocardio- graph ; in lead I the current is from the right arm and left arm; in lead II, from, the right arm and left leg; in lead III, from the left arm and left leg. leaf (lef) [A.S. fed/.] A plant organ, commonly a flat expansion of a vascular bundle enclosed in a parenchyma containing chlorophyll, connate' 1., one of two sessile leaves, the lobes of which are united around the stem, sim'ple 1., one having a single undivided blade, com'pound 1,, a leaf the blade of which is divided into leaflets by divisions extending down to the mid-rib. leaflet- One of the separate portions of a com- pound leaf. Leam'ington, England. Saline waters. Four springs. Used by drinking and bathing in dys- pepsia, liver disorders, chronic rheumatism and gout, sciatica, scrofula, constipation, skin dis- eases, surgical joint affections, uric acid gravel, the gouty form of glycosuria, glandular swellings, and diseases of women. April to October. leap'ing-ill. Louping-ill, thorter-ill, a disease of sheep in which they leap up and down as they walk; it is caused by the presence of a parasite, Ccenurus cerebralis in the spinal cord. Leb'anon Springs, New York. Alkaline-calcic was ters. (At a short distance is a chalybeate spring.) 75° F. Used by drinking and bathing in variou- disorders. le'ben. A soured and cvirdled milk food used in Egypt. Leber's disease' (la'ber) [Theodor Leber, German ophthalmologist, 1840-1917.] Hereditary atro- phy of the optic nerve. L.'s plex'us, a small venous plexus in the eye between the canal of Schlemm and the spaces of Fontana. Lecat's' gulf [Claude Nicolas Lecat, French surgeon, 1700-1768.] The bulbous urethra. lech'erous. . Given to promiscuous sexual indul- gence, lewd, sensual. lech'ery [Fr. lecherie; lecher, to lick.] Sensuality, lewdness. lecithin (lesl-thin) [G. lekythos, yolk of egg.] One of a number of complex bodies, compounds of chlorine with glycerophosphoric acid and fatty LECITHIN 544 LEISHMAN'S CHROME-CELI MnO. Lbclanch^ Cell. acids, found in nervous tissue, blood, milk, yolk of egg, and other animal structures, as well as in vegetable organisms; vegetable lecithin is said to contain betaine instead of choline. Lecithin, as used in medicine, is prepared from the yolk of egg by abstracting with alcohol; it occurs as a brownish yellow substance of waxy consistency, insoluble in water, but soluble in absolute alcohol and fatty oils. Employed in cases of faulty nutrition in doses of gr. ^-2 (0.03-0. J3). lecithinose (les1-thin-6z). Trade name of a prepa- ration of lecithin made from yolk of eggs. lecithoprotein (les'1 - the - pro'te-in). A conjugated protein, compounded of protein and a lecithin. Leclanch^ cell (le-klahA- sha') [Georges LeclancM, French chemist, 1839— 1882.] A galvanic cell, consisting of a carbon plate in a porous cylinder filled with a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon, and a zinc plate in sal ammoniac solution. lectulum (lek'tu-lum) [L. dim. of lectus, bed.] Matrix unguis. Leduc cur'rent (le-diik') [St^phane Armand Nicolas Leduc, French physicist of Nantes, contemporary. ] A direct electric current, interrupted a given num- ber of times by means of the L. interrupter (no times a second as an average), the time of passage of the current being to that of interruption as i to 9, the current thus flowing but -^-^ of the entire time; llsed in the production of electric anesthesia or electric sleep. Lee's gan'glion [Robert Lee, English physician, 1793— 1877.] Cervical ganglion; found in the uterovaginal plexus derived from the third and fourth sacral nerves and ' the hypogastric and ovarian sympathetic plexuses. eech [A.S. Itece, a physician; a leech, because of its therapeutic use.] i. A physician (obsolete or poetical). 2. Hirudo,* a blood-sucking aquatic anelid of the order Hirudinea, employed in medi- cine for the local abstraction of blood. 3. To treat medically. 4. To apply leeches. Amer'i- can 1., Hirudo decora. Austra'lian 1., Hirudo australis. Five-striped 1., Hirudo quinquestriaia. Ger'man 1., Hirudo medicinalis. green 1,, Hirudo provincialis. Hunga'rian I., Hirudo frovincialis. speck'led 1., Hirudo medicinalis. Swe'dish 1., Hirudo medicinalis, leech'ery. Medical science or practice leech-fing'er. The ring finger. Le Fort's amputa'tion (IS-for*) [LSon Cl&nent Le Fort, Parisian surgeon, 1829-1893.] A modi- fication of Pirogoff's amputation; the calcaneus is sawn through horizontally instead of vertically, so that the patient stepi on. tho samo pari of the heel as before. lefthand'ed. Noting a person who uses the left hand for writing and other operations for which the right hand is commonly employed. lefthand'edness. The state of being lefthanded, mancinism. leg. The lower extremity; specifically the segment of the lower extremity between the knee and the ankle. Barba'dos 1., elephantiasis of the leg. bandy 1., bowleg, genu varum, bayonet' 1., incomplete backward dislocation of the bones of the leg with ankylosis of the knee, black 1., symptomatic anthrax, boom'erang 1., platyc- nemia with sharp and curved anterior edge of the tibia, milk 1., phlegmasia alba dolei scissor-legs, extreme adduction of bo femurs, following hip-disease, the two legs cro: ing each other as the person walks, x-lej scissor-legs. absence, amelia. curvature, scelocambosis, cnemosi liosis, cnemolordosis, rheboscelia, bowlegs, genu varu fusion of the two, ankylomele. gout, scelagia, melag having but one, monoscelous. having more than tv polyscelous. inequality in length, anisomelia. infla: mation, cnemitis, bucnemia, phlegmasia alba dole; large size, macroscelia, elephantiasis, megalomel pain, scelalgia, melosalgia. small size, micromel spastic paridysis, scelotyrbe. tumor, sceloncus. Legal's disease' (la'gahl) [Emmo Legal, Germ physician, nineteenth century.] Cephalalj pharyngotympanica. L.'s test, for acetone; t urine is rendered alkaline by a few drops caustic potassa, and to this are added two or thi drops of a freshly prepared solution of sodit nitroprusside ; it is colored red then yellow; th a few drops of acetic acid are trickled down t side of the test-tube and at the line of junction the two fluids is formed a carmine or purple rii Legendie's nodes (le-zhahn'dr). Enlarged phala geal joints, especially the second, of the fing( occurring in chronic gastric disorder. L.'s sif in facial hemiplegia of cerebral origin, when t examiner raises the lids of the actively closed e) the resistance is less on the affected side. Legg's disease' [Arthur T. Legg, Americ orthopedic surgeon, *i874.] Perthes' disea; quiet hip disease, arthritis, or osteochondrit deformans juvenilis of the hip. leg-ill. An inflammation of the hoof, affecti especially the interdigital spaces, in the sheep. legion (le'jun) [L. legio, army.] In biological clas fication an occasional division placed usually 1 tween the class (or subclass) and the order. legitimacy (le-jit'i-ma-sl) [L. legitimus, lawfi Legality, normality, the condition of bei legitimate, legifimate [L. legitimus. "[ i. Normal, lawful, nal ral. 2. Bom in lawful wedlock. legume (le-gum') [L. legunien.'] The fruit-pod oi leguminous plant which dehisces on both vent and dorsal surfaces, as the pea, bean, and otl vegetables of that class. legu'min. A protein contained in peas, beans, a other legumes; it resembles casein and is call vegetable casein. Leichtenstern's phenom'enon or sign (llkh'te stairn) [Michael Ludwig Leichtenstern, Germ physician, 1845-1900.] Tapping gently of the bones of the extremities causes the patic to draw back violently, sometimes with a lo cry; noted in cases of cerebrospinal meningil L. type, Struempell type, encephalit hsemorrhagica. Leiner's test (li'ner). A bit of fecal matter is fis by heat in a slide and stained with an alcohc solution of acid fuchsine and methyl green; casein or paracasein is present the color produc is a violet or pale blue. leio-. For words so beginning see lio-. * leipo-. For words so beginning see lipo-. Leishman's chrome-cells (lesh'man) [Sir Willii B. Leishman, British Army surgeon, *l8l5 Basophile granular leucocytes found in blai water fever. L.'s gran'ules, coccoid bod found in ticks infected with spirochetosis. I meth'od, a method of obtaining the phagocj index; a suspension of the pathogenic mic organisms is added to a leucocytic cream t tained from the patient's blood, the mixtun then incubated for a time, and the number LEISHMAN'S CHROME-CELLS S4S LENIGALLOL microbes within the phagocytes is computed. L.'s stain, an eosine-methylene blue stain used in the examination of blood films. Leish'man-Don'ovan bod'y [Sir William B. Leish- man; C. Pomoi^om, surgeon Indian Medical Service, contemporary.] The intracellular form of Herpeio- mofias (Leishmania) donovani, Leishmania (lesh-man'J-ah) [Sir William B. Leish- man.] A genus of protozoans of the family Herpetomonidce; found as small oval protoplas- mic masses, with trophonuclei and kinetonuclei, in the endothelial cells, leucocytes, and blood of mammals, developing into flagellate organisms in ctiltures. L. donova'ni, Leishman-Donovan body; a minute oval or pisiform body in one stage, elongated and flagellated in another, found in the endothelial cells of the capillaries of the liver, spleen, lymphatic glands, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa, and more rarely in the blood, in cases of kala-azar. L. furuncu- lo'sa, L. tropica. L. infan'tum, a. species mor- phologically indistinguishable from L. donovani, found in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood in dogs and in children suffering from canine and infantile kala-azar respectively. L. trop'ica, L. fwunculo'sa, Helcosoma iropicum, a species morphologically very similar to L. donovani, the cause of oriental sore. L. trop'ica var. america'na, a variety with flattened nucleus, found in cases of espundia. leishmaniasis, leishmaniosis (lesh-man-i'a-sis, lesh- man-if-o'sis). Infection with a species of Leish- mania. der'mal 1., oriental boil.* na'so-o'ral 1., espundia. orona'sal 1., espundia. oro- nharyn'geal 1., a condition marked by intract- able iilceration of the pharynx and soft palate, scrapings from the ulcers showing the presence of an organism similar to, if not identical with, Leishmania tropica. leistungskem (li'stoongs-kem.) [Ger.] Ehrlich's term for the active center or functional portion of a cell or one of its molecules. Leiter's coil (U'ter) [Joseph Leiter, Vienna in- strument maker, ti892.] A flexible tube, coiled into shape to fit the surface to which it is applied, through which cold or hot water flows continuously. Le'laps echidni'nus. A mite parasitic on rats, the intermediate host of Hepaiozoon perniciosum which causes a fatal disease in these animals. lema (le'mah) [G. lemi, a humor, gum.] Sebum palpebrale, the secretion of the Meibomian glands. Intestinal Sutures: A, B, Lambert; C, Czemy- Lembert. Xem'bert su'ture (Fr. lahn-bair') [Antoine Lembert> Parisian surgeon, 1802-1851.] 1. A suture for the stomach and intestine; the needle is passed in and out through the serous and muscular coats only, avoiding the mucosa, on one side of the wound and then' in the same way on the other side, so that when the sutures are tightened the lips of the woimd are invaginated, the serous surfaces being in apposition, a. A continuous suture passed in the same way as the interrupted suture. See cut under suture. 3S lem'co. Trade name of a German preparation of Liebig's extract of meat ; used in cultiu-e media. le'mic [G. loimos, plague.] Relating to the plague or any epidemic disease. lemnis'cus [G. lemniskos, fillet.] Fillet, laqueus, a band of longitudinal fibers running up, from the decussation, on either side of the median raph^ in the medulla and pons, and passing along the outer surface of the brachium conjunctivum (superior cerebellar peduncle). 1. latera'Us [BNA], lateral fillet, a band of longitudinal fibers arising in the lower portion of the pons from the corpus trape- zoideum and passing upward, near the lateral surface of the pons, to the nucleus of the inferior quadrigeminal body and the gray sub- stance of the corpus geniculaj;um internum. 1. latera'tis (acus'ticus) [BNA], lateral (acoustic) fillet, a band of longitudinal fibers in the -centra I portion of the pons to the outer side of the me- dial fillet. 1. media'lis [BNA], medial or mesial fillet, ribbon of Reil, a band of white fibers taking origin from the gracile and cuneate nuclei and crossing to the opposite side of the decussatio lemniscorum in the lower part of the medulla; thence it passes upward through the center of the medulla, close to the median raph^, and on reaching the pons spreads out laterally between the ventral and dorsal portions ; in the mesencephalon it is followed as a flattened band on the ventral aspect of the decussating superior cerebral peduncles and is seen finally to enter the optic thalamus. 1. media'lis (sensiti'- vus) [BNA], medial (sensory) fiUet, a ribbon-like band of longitudinal fibers running through the center of the pons on either side of the me- dian raph6. 1 . oliva'ris, a fasciculus of nerve- fibers surrounding the oHva. lemography (le-mog'ra-fl) [G. loimos, plague, -f- graphe, a description.] A treatise on the plague or any epidemic disease. lemol'ogy [G. loimos, plague, + -logia.'\ Medical science in its relation to the plague or other epidemic diseases. lem'on [L. limo.] The fruit of Citrus limonum; see limo. salt of 1., sal limonis. lemonade'. Lemon juice, limonis succus, largely diluted with water and sweetened; employed as a beverage and as an agreeable refrigerant in fever. lem'on-balm. Melissa. Lem'on Springs, South Carolina. The waters, resembling the Buffalo Lithia waters of Virginia, contain salts of iron, aluminum, magnesium, and other ingredients. The entire year. lemoparalysis, Ismoparalysis (le-mo-par-al'i-sis) [G. laimos, throat.] Paralysis of the faucial muscles. Lemuroidea (le-mu-ro-id'e-ah) [L. lemures, ghosts, + eidos, resemblance.] A suborder of Primates, including the small monkey-like animals, the lemurs; same as Prosimice. Lenard rays (le-nar'). Roentgen rays, discovered but not applied by Lenard in 1893. Len'hartz meth'od [Hermann Albert Dietrich Len- hartz, Hamburg physician, 1854-1910.] . Treat- ment of gastric ulcer by rest in bed, application of an ice-bag, administration of bismuth ; the diet is at first a concentrated albuminous one (espe- cially eggs), and is rapidly increased in as nourishing form as possible ; fluids are kept down to the lowest point to avoid dilatation of the stomach. lenigal'lol [L. lenis, mild.] Pyrogallol triacetate, triacetylpyrogallol, a white insoluble crystalline powder, employed in ointment for eczema and psoriasis. LENIOL S46 LEPRA len'iol. Trade name of a preparation of cod-liver oil. lenir'obin. A yellow powder, chrysarobin tetrace- tate; employed, like chrysarobin, in the treat- ment of various skin diseases. lenitive (len'I-tiv) [L. leniius; lenire, to soften.] i. Soothing, relieving discomfort or pain. 2. An agent which soothes or relieves irritation; a demulcent. len'itol. Trade name of a preparation of petroleum combined "W'ith flavoring agents, employed in the treatment of constipation. ■ Lenn'hofE's in'dex [Rudolf Lemhoff, Berlin physician, *i866. A figure obtained by divid- ing the distance between the sternal notch and the symphysis pubis by the greatest circumference of the abdomen,^ and multiplying the quotient ty 100 : the average index is 75; a higher figure indicates an atonic habitus. L.'s sign, a depres- sion between the tumor and the ribs is noted on full inspiration, in cases of echinococcus cyst of the liver. lens [L. a lentil.] A piece of glass, quartz, or other transparent substance with one or both surfaces curved, either concave or convex; used for acting upon the rays of light in the way of convergence or dispersal, collec'tive 1., field 1. crys'talline 1., 1. crystallina. cylindrical 1.. one which is a seg- ment of a cylinder parallel to its axis; see cylin- drical, eye 1., ocular 1., the upper of the two plano- convex lenses of Huygens* ocular, field I., collective 1., the lower of the two planoconvex lenses of Huygens' ocular. 1. crystalli'na [BNA], crystalline 1., a transparent biconvex body lying between the iris and the vitreous, the principal refracting medium of the eye; it consists of ct soft outer part {cortical sub- stance) with a denser central part (nucleus). piano- Conrjivo- DonUft convex. convex, concivo. COD verging nieniscul. Lenses. Flano- Canvexo* concftvs. concATC. uisdJacus. surrounded by a fine membrane (capsule). mi'nus 1., a concave or reducing 1. oc'ular 1., eye 1. plus 1., a convex or magnifying 1. spher'ical 1., one the curved surfaces of which are segments of spheres, see spherical, spherocylin'drical 1., see spherocylinder. to'ric 1., a. curved lens cor- responding in shape to the surface of a torus. lenticonus (len-tl-ko'nus) [L. lens(lent-) -I- conus, cone.] A conical projection of the anterior or posterior surface of the crystalline lens of the eye. lenticula (len-tik'u-lah) [L. dim. of lens.] i Nucleus lentiformis. 2. Ephelis. lentic'ular [L. lenticula, a lentil.] i Relating to or resembling a lens of any kind. 2. Of the shape of a lentil. 1. bone, processus lenticularis [BNA]. 1. glands of the stomach, minute col- lections of lymphoid tissue in the stomach walls, similar to the noduli lymphatici of the intestine. 1. in'strument, 1. knife, a scraper resembling a sharp spoon. 1. nu'cleus, nucleus lentiformis. len'ticel [Fr. leniicelle; L. lenticula.] A lenticular gland, especially one of the follicles at the base of the tongue. lentic"ulo-op't£c. Relating to the nucleus lenti- formis and the thalamus opticus. lentic"ulostri'ate. Relating to the nucleus lenti- formis and the corpus striatum. len'tifonn [L. lens{lent-) + forma, shape.] Lens- shaped, lenticular. 1. bone, pisiform bone, os* pisiforme [BNA]. lenti'go, pi. hntig'ines [L.] A freckle, ephelis, len- ticula. lentitis (len-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the crys- talline lens, phakitis. Leo's test (la'o) [Hans Leo, German physician, *i854.] For free hydrochloric acid in the stomach contents: the addition 'of calcium car- bonate will make the reaction less acid or neutral if free hydrochloric acid is present, otherwise not. leontiasis (le-on-ti'a-sis) [L. leo, Hon.] The en- larged bosselated face sometimes seen in tubercular leprosy. 1. os'sea, an overgrowth of the bones of the face, and sometimes of the cranium, causing a general enlargement of all the features. leon'todin. An extract from the root of the dande- lion, Taraxacum officinalis; tonic aperient, employed in the treatment of diseases of the liver. Leon'todon tarax'acum. Dandelion, taraxacum. leopard's growl (lep'ardz growl). A deep hoarse rhoncus in cases of tracheal stenosis. Le'opold's law [Christian Gerhard Leopold, German physician , 1 846—1 911.] In anterior insertion of the placenta, the Fallopian tubes project backward; in posterior insertion, they are directed forward. leotropic (le-o-trop'ik) [G. laios, left, + tropikos; tropos, a turning.] Left-wound, running in a spiral from right to left; opposed to dexiotropic. lep'er. One who suffers from leprosy. lepid'ic [G. lepis{lepid-), rind.] Relating to a lining membrane of the embryo, referring to the ectodermic, entodermic, and mesothelial struc- tures. 1. tis'sues, lining-membrane tissues, those " in which the blood-vessels do not penetrate the groups of specific cells, and in which there is an absence of definite stroma between the individual cells, although such stroma, of mesenchymatous origin, may be present between the groups of cells." (Adami.) 1. tu'mor, rind tumor, lepidoma. lep'idine [G. lepis, scale.] 1. Scaly. 2. An oily liquid obtained from cinchonine, methylquinoline. lepidoma (lep-i-do'mah) [G. lepis(lepid-), rind, -I- oma.] Rind tumor, a neoplasm originating from one of the lepidic tissues, endothe'lial 1., a rind tumor originating from the endotheliiun of the blood-vessels or lymphatics. 1. of the first or'der, primary 1., a rind tiunor of epiblastic or hypo- blastic origin. 1. of the sec'ond or'der, second- ary 1., transitional 1., a rind tumor of mesothe- lial or endothelial origin. lepidophyton (lep-I-dof'i-ton) [G. lepisQepid-), scale, -f phyton, plant.] A fungus, the supposed cause of tinea imbricata, or Tokelau ringwomx. lepido'sis [G. lepis(lepid-), scale.] Any scaly or desquamating eruption. lepocyte (lep'o-slt) [G. lepos, rind, -f kytos, cell.] A cell with a distinct envelope. lep'othrix [G. lepos, scale, -f thrix, hair.] Tricho- mycosis nodosa. lep'ra [G.] i. Leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. 1. alHba, macular leprosy with unpigmented spots. 1. al'phos, psoriasis. 1. aneesthet'ica, anesthetic leprosy.* 1. Ar'abum, tubercular leprosy. 1. borea'lis, 1. septentrionalis. 1. cells, structures found in leprous tissue, consisting either of giant cells filled with the specific bacilli or of zoogloea masses of bacilli. 1. cuta'nea, tubercular leprosy. LEPRA S47 LESION L Graeco'nim, psoriasis. 1. maculo'sa, macular leprosy.* 1. mu'tilans, the later stage of anes- thetic leprosy. 1. nervo'rum, 1. nervo'sa, anes- thetic leprosy. I. orienta'lis, elephantiasis. 1. septentriona'lis, radesyge, spedalskhed. 1. tuber- cula'tum, tubercular leprosy.* lepraphotia [G. phobos, fear.] An unreasoning fear of leprosy. lepride (lep'red). A cutaneous lesion of leprous origin. lep'rolin. A glycerin extract of cultures of the lepra bacillus, anajogous to tuberculin, employed by Rost in the treatment of leprosy. leprologist (IS-prol'o-jist). One who makes a special study of leprosy in all its relations. leprol'ogy [G. lepra, leprosy, + -logia.'\ The special study of leprosy in aU its relations, and the knowledge derived therefrom. lepro'nia. A leprous nodule or tubercle. lepro'matous. Relating to leprous tubercles. leprophoTiia. Lepraphobia. lep'rose. i. Leprous. 2. In botany, lepidate or scale-like. leprosery (le-pro'ser-1). A leper home or colony. lep'rosy [G. leprosis, from leproS, scaly.] 1. A disease of Biblical times, the nature of which is uncertain, but which might have been psoriasis or a leucoderma. 2. A chronic disease believed to be due to the presence of Bacillus lepree or Hansen's bacillus, elephantiasis Graecorum. It occurs in two principal forms: tubercular- I., affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and anesthetic I., affecting mainly the nerves, anes- thet'ic 1., a form affecting the nerves chiefly, marked by hyperesthesia succeeded by anesthesia, by paralysis, ulceration, and various trophic dis- turbances, terminating in gangrene and mutila- tion, artic'ular 1., mutilating 1., a late stage of ' anesthetic 1. Astu'rian 1., pellagra, black 1., see macular 1. cuta'neous ., tubercular 1. dry 1., anesthetic 1. Eastern 1., elephantiasis Ar- abum. Ital'ianl.jLom'bardyl., pellagra, mac'- ular 1., anesthetic 1. marked by the presence of spots on the skin, either pigmented (black l.) or lighter than normal (white I.). Mal'abar 1., ele- phantiasis Arabum. nod'ular 1., tubercular 1. scabby l.,- psoriasis, smooth I., macular 1: tro- phoneurot'ic 1., anesthetic 1. tuber'cular 1., a form affecting chiefly the skin and subcutaneous connective tissues, marked by the occurrence of nodules or tubercles, especially on the face and hands, which eventually ulcerate, as a rule. white 1., see macular 1. leprotic (IS-prot'ik) . Leprous, relating to leprosy. lep'rous. Relating to or suffering from leprosy. leptan'dra [G. leptos, slender, + aner(andr-'), man (stamen).] (N.F.) "Wte rhizome and roots of Veronica (Lepiandra) virginica. Culver's root, black-root, an herb of eastern North America; employed as an hepatic stimulant in intestinal indigestion and constipation in doses of gr. 5—20 (o-3-i_-3). leptan'drin. A bitter glucoside, the supposed active principle of leptandra; dose, gr. J-2 (0.03-0.13). leptoceph'alous. Having a small head. leptoceph'alus [G. leptos, slender, + kephale, head.] A monster with very small head. leptochromatic (lep-to-kro-mat'ik) [G. leptos, deli- cate, + chromatin.] Having a very fine chromatin reticulum. leptodeimic (lep-to-dur'mik) [G. leptos, tUn, -f- derma, skin.] Thin-skinned. leptomeninges (lep-to-mS-nin'jez) [G. leptos, deli- cate, -I- meninx, pi. meninges, membrane.] Arachnopia, piarachnoid, the pia mater and arach- noid considered as one membrane. leptomeningitis (lep"to-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. leptos, thin, delicate 4- meninx(mening-), membrane, -f -itis.] Inflammation of the pia mater and arach- noid of the brain or spinal cord. 1. exter'na, inflammation of the arachnoid, arachnitis. 1. inter'na, inflammation of the pia mater. leptomere (lep'to-mer) [G. leptos, thin, H- meros, part.] A very minute particle of living matter, of the aggregation of vast numbers of which As- clepiades believed the body was formed. leptopel'Uc [G. leptos, narrow, + pellis, a bowl (the pelvis).] Having an abnormally narrow pelvis. leptoph'o'nia [G. leptos, weak, + phone, sound, voice.] ' Weakness of voice. leptophon'ic. Weak- voiced. leptoprosope '(lep'to-pros-op) [G. leptos, slender, ,+ prosopon, face.] A person with a narrow face and elongated cranium. leptoprosppia (lep-to-pros-o'pi-ah). Narrowness of the face. leptoproso'pic [G. leptos, thin, + . prosopikos, facial.] Having a thin narrow face. leptorrhine (lep'to-rin) [G. leptos, thin, + rhis, nose.] Having a thin nose. Noting a skull with a ■ nasal index l>elow 47 (Frankfort agreement) or 48 (Broca). , . Leptospira. _ .(l?p-to-spi'rah) [G. leptos, , tjiin, + .speira, coil,] A genus of spirochetes., L. icterohaBmorrha'gise, a species regarded ,as the pathogenic organism in Weil's disease.- L.icter- oi'des, a. species asserted by Noguohi j;o be the pathogenic organism in yellow fever. ■,.,., : ;, leptothricosis (lep-to-thri-ko'sis) . Any; .disease caused by a species of Leptothria^^ 1. con- juncti'vse, Parinaud's conjunctivitis Lep'tothrix [G. leptos thin, + thrix, hair.] ■; A groip of slender bacilli arranged in Ip^g chains or fil- aments, with scarcely perceptible Jines of division into individuals. L. bucca'lis, a species found-in the tartar of the teeth, and- occasionally. causip,g; inflammation of the tonsils, and pjiarynx, mycosig; leptothrica, L. innomina'ta, another species foiuid in tartar and in carious teeth. Lep'tus autumna'lis [G. leptfts, delicate.] ' Harvest- mite, red bug; a name applied to larvae of mites found at the end of summer in bushes and grass ; they often attack man causing an itching, ejy- thema and sometimes an eruption of flat ivheals. leresis (le-re'sis) [G. Uresis, silly t^lk.] Mental weak- ness marked by garrulity. Leroux's meth'od (le-roo') [Laurent Charles Pierre Leroux, French accoucheur, of Dijon, 1730— 1792.] Management of placenta prasvia, when labor has begim, by a firm tamponade of the vagina. Lesage's bacill'us (le-sazh') [Adolphe Auguste Lesage, Parisian physician, *i862.] A chromo- genic bacillus, giving a greenish color to the stools. Les'bian love [G lesbios, relating to the Island of Lesbos.] Unnatural sexual practices between women, sapphism. lesbianism (lez'bK-an-izm). .Lesbian love. Lesieur-Privey sign (le-sJ-er'pre-va'e) [C. Lesieur, Paul Privey, French physicians, contemporary.] .Albumoptysis, .tuberculous albumin reaction; the presence of albumin in the sputum in a chronic respiratory affection. points to tuberculosis. le'sion (le'rfiun) [L. lasus; ladere, to injure.] ■ i ., A wound or injury. 2. A more or less circumscribed pathplogical change in the tissues. 3. One of LESION 548 LEUCOCYl the individual points or patches of a disease of the skin. Les'ser's tri'angle. The space between the bellies of the digastric muscle and the hypoglossal nerve. Leslie Well, Michigan. Calcic-chalybeate-carbon- ated waters. Used by drinking in various dis- orders. Less'haft's tri'angle [Pyotr Frantsovich Lesshaft, Russian physician, *i839.] Grynfelt's* triangle. le'thal [L. letalis; letum, death.] Fatal, mortal, causing death. lethal'ity. Mortality. lethar'gus [G. lethargos, lethargic] Sleeping-sick- ness. lethargy (leth'ar-ji) [G. lethargia, drowsiness.] A state of deep and prolonged unconsciousness, re- sembling profound slumber, from which the per- son can be aroused but into which he immediately relapses ; the condition may last from a few bom's t to several years. African 1., sleeping-sickness. induced' 1., hypnosis, ne'gro 1., sleeping-sickness. le'the [G. leihS, forgetfulness.] Loss of memory, amnesia. lettuce (let'is). Lactuca. 1. o'pium, lactucarium. Leube's en'ema (loi'beh) [see Leube-Riegel.] Pan- creati enema; finely divided boiled meat, pan- creas, and fat. Leube-Riegel test dinn'er (loy'beh-re'gel) [Wil- helm Olivier von Leube, German physician, 1842-1912; Pranz Riegel, German physician, 1843-1904.] Consists of 12 to 14 ounces of soup, 3 to 6 ounces of minced steak; 2 ounces of white bread, and 6 ounces of water, the contents of the stomach are examined four hours later. leucsethiope (lu-se'thi-op) [G. leukos, white, + Aithiops, an Ethiopian.] An albino. leucane'mia, leucans'niia [leucemia + anemia.} Leucemia associated with enlargement of the spleen and liver, a rapid fall in the hemoglobin percentage and in the number of red cells, fever, hemorrhages, increasing pallor, and progressive muscular weakness ; the changes in the leucocytes resemble those seen in leucemia, and in the ery- throcytes such as are seen in pernicious anemia. leucas'mus [G. leukasmos, a growing white.] Vitiligo. leucemia, leucsemia (lu-se'ml-ah) [G. leukos, white, + haima, blood.] Leukemia, leuchasmia, leuco- cythemia; a disease of the blood marked by per- sistent leucocytosis associated with changes in the spleen and bone-marrow or in the lymphatic glands, aleuce'mic 1., pseudoleucemia. amyg'- daline 1., a form assumed to be due to infection through the tonsils, aplas'tic 1., a form of 1. in which there is a diminution of both red and white blood cells, only the relative increase of large atypical leucocytes substantiating the diagnosis. hepat'ic 1., a form supposed to be due to disease of the hver. intes'tinal 1., a form thought to be due to autointoxication of intestinal origin. I 1. cu'tis, the occurrence of lesions of various , forms upon the skin in cases of leucemia li"eno- myelog'enous 1., splenomyelogenous 1. lym- phat'ic I., a variety in which the lymphatic glands are chiefly affected; in the acute form the large lymphocytes are numerous, the neutrophiles and eosinophiles being comparatively few; in the chronic form the small uninuclear leucocytes are very numerous, the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles are reduced in number, eosinophiles and myelocytes are seldom found, med'ullary 1., myelogenous 1. mixed 1., myelogenous 1. myelo- cyt'ic 1., mixed-cell 1., a form of 1. in which white cells of both myeloid and lymphadenoid origin are present in great numbers, myelog'enous 1., 1. associated with the presence in the blood of lai numbers of myelocytes and often normoblas with hyperplasia of the bone-marrow, and wi enlargement of the spleen, polymorphocyt'ic myelogenous I. splen'ic I., a form associat with marked enlargement of the spleen, splen med'ullary 1., splenomyelog'enous 1., the commo est form of 1., in which the spleen is great enlarged and changes are present in the bor marrow ; leucocytosis is very marked, large xa nuclear eosinophile myelocytes predominatir but neutrophile myelocjrtes are also preser numbers of normoblasts are likewise present, ai occasionally megaloblasts. symptomat'ic 1., leuc cytosis. leuce'mic. Relating to leucemia. leuchemia, leuchiemia (lu-ke'me-ah). Leucemia. leucine (lu'sin) [G. leukos, white.] I. Alph amino-isobutylacetic acid, (CH3)2.CH.CH; CH.NH2COOH, a protein cleavage produc it is found with tyrosine in the intestine ar occurs in many cells; in a pure state it is crysta lizable in the form of white glistening crystal 2. A bactericidal substance in leucocyte e tract, endolysin. leucinosis (lu-sin-o'sis). A condition in whit leucin is present in excess in the organism. leucinu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The excretion i leucin in the urine. leucitis (lu-si'(se')tis). Scleritis. leu'coblast [leukos, white, + blastos, germ.] Myeli blast. leucoceratosis (lu-ko-ser-S-to'sis) [G. leukos, whit + keras(kerat-), horn.] Leucokeratosis, lei coplakia. leucocidin (lu-kosl-din) [leuco^cyte') -f L. ccedere, \ kill.] A specific serum-constituent destructiT to white blood-corpuscles, leucolysin. leuco'cytal. Leucocytic. leucocyte (lu'ko-sit) [G. leukos, white, -f kytos, cell I. A white blood-corpuscle. 2. Specifically one 1 the markedly ameboid cells found in the blood < the lymph or in pus or as wandering connectivi tissue cells in the tissues of the body. The foUo-v ing are the varieties of leucocytes found in tl blood (white blood-corpuscles) : uninuclear (mom nuclear) ; non-granular — small lymphocyte, coi taining a large nucleus and small cell-body; larj lymphocyte, containing a larger amount of cyb plasm; transitional leucocyte, containing a horsi shoe-shaped nucleus and occasionally a. fe basophil granules; large uninuclear (mononi clear) leucocyte with an oval excentric nuclei and a large amount of cytoplasm; granidar- myelocytes (occurring only in pathological coi ditions), large cells with a large oval, roun or slightly indented micleus with a. reticulate cytoplasm containing granules having a nei trophil, eosinophil (oxyphil), or basophil reactioi multinuclear (polynuclear, polymorphonuclear these contain a nucleus of irregular shape, 1 several nuclei apparently connected only by fii chromatin threads, and a finely granular eel body; the granules in the cytoplasm may 1 neutrophil, eosinophil (oxyphil), or basophil, tl latter being also called mast-cells, al'pha 1., 01 which undergoes lysis during coagulation of tl blood, hy'aline 1., one of the large monon cleated cells, resembling the large lymphocyte normally present in small numbers but i creased in certain pathological states, such ; malaria; the macrophag of Metchnikoff. lym phoid 1., (i) monocyte; (2) myeloblast. LEUCOCYTE 549 LEUCOPHLEGMASIA increase in number, leucocytosis, hyperleucocytosis. decrease in number, oligoleucocythemia, leucocyto- penia, leucopenia, aleucocytosis, aleucemia, hypoleu- cocytosis, hypoleucemia. leucoc3rtheniia, leucocythsmia (lu-ko-si-the'mli- ah) [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] Leucemia. leucocyt'ic. Relating to a leucocyte or leucocytes. leucocytoblast (lu-ko-si'to-blast) [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, + blastos, germ.] The mother cell of a leucocyte. . leucocytogenesis (lu"ko-si"tD-jen'e-sis) [G. genesis. production.] The formation of leucocytes. Ieucoc3rtoid (lu'ko-si-toyd) [leucocyte + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a leucocyte. 1, hab'it, a condition in which there exists an abundance of cytoplasm, through 'which the ratio of nucleus to protoplasm is made small. leucocytol'ysin. Leucocidin, an antibody destruc- tive to the white blood-cells. leucocytolysis (lu-ko-si-toll-sis) [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, + lysis, solution.] Destruction of leucocytes. leucocytolyt'ic. i. Destructive to leucocytes, n. Relating to leucocytolysis. leucocyto'ma. A tumor composed mainly of round cells resembling leucocytes. leucocytom'eter [G. metron, measure.] A device for estimating the relative numbers of leu- cocytes. leucocytope'nia. Leucopenia. leucocytopla'nia [G. plane, a wandering.] Ths wandering of leucocytes out of the blood-vessels or through the tissues. leucocytosis (lu-ko-si-to'sis) [leucocyte ■\- -osis.] Striptly, the presence of leucocytes in the blood, but usually employed in the sense of hyperleuco- cytosis, an increase in the number of leucoc3^es in the blood beyond that which is normal for the individual, in general above 10,000 per c.mm. ab 'solute 1., an increase in the total number of white corpuscles in the peripheral circulation. ag'onal 1., terminal 1. digestive 1., 1. occurring normally after a meal, rel'ative 1., an increase in the percentage of any variety of leucocytes in the peripheral blood-stream, with or without an actual increase" in the total number of white blood-cells, ter'minal 1., that which occurs just before death. leucocytotac'tlc. Relating to or marked by leuco- cytotaxia. leucocytotazia (lu-ko-si-to-tak'si-ah) [G. leukos, white, + kytos, cell, -|- taxis, arrangement.] Leucotaxia, the movement of leucocytes, either attraction (positive I.) or repulsion {negative I.), in relation to each other. leucocytox'in, Leucolysin, a toxin destructive to the leucocytes. leucocytozoon (lu-ko-si"to-zo'on) [G. zoon, animal.] A supposed protozoan parasite of the white blood- cells. L. syphil'idis, Coccidium syphilidis. leucocytu'ria [leucocyte + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of leucocytes in the urine when voided. leucoderma (lu-ko-dur'mah) [G. leukos, white, + derma, skin.] Leucopathia, achroma, leucasmus, an absence of pigment, partial or total, in the skin. acquired 1., vitiligo, congen'ital 1., albinism. syphilit'ic I., pigmentary syphilide with central white patches. leucoder'matous. Relating to or resembling leuco- derma. leucodiagnosis (lu"ko-di-ag-no'sis) [leucocyte + diag- nosis.^ Diagnosis determined by the number, varieties, or reactions of the leucocytes. leucoe'thiops. Leucaethiops. leucofer'mantin. Trade name of a preparation of normal blood serum, the antiferment property of which has been increased, used in the treatment of suppurative inflammatory processes. leucokeratosis (lu-ko-ker-S-to'sis) [G. leukos, white, -t- keras, horn.] Leucoplakia. leucorysin. Leucotoxin, leucocytolysin. leucol'ysis [G. leukos, white, + lysis, solution.] Leucocytolysis. leucolyt'ic. Relating to leucocytolysis, leucocyto- lytic. leuco'ma [G. leukos, white.] i. A dense, opaque, white opacity of the cornea, albugo, u. Lym- phoma, adhe'rent l., anterior synechia causing a dense white cicatrix of the cornea. leucomaine (lu'ko-mah-en) [G. leukoma, whiteness.] A substance, resembling an alkaloid in its proper- ties, formed in living tissues by retrograde meta- morphosis. leucomainemia, leucomainsemia (lu"ko-mah-en-e'- ml-ah) [leucomaine + G. haima, blood.] An excess of leucomaines, or excrementitious prod- ucts, in the blood. leucomainic (lu-ko-mah-in'ik). Relating to leuco- maines. leuco'matous. Relating to or suffering from leucoma. leucomonocyte (lu-ko-mo'no-sit) [G. leukos, white, + monos, single, + kytos, cell.] Lymphocyte (i). leucomyelitis Xlu-ko-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. leukos, white, -t- myelos, marrow, -f- -iiis.] Inflammation of the white substance or conducting tracts of the spinal cord. leucomyelopathy (lu-ko-mi-el-op'a-thi) [G. leukos, white, -I- myelos, marrow, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any system disease involving the white substance or conducting tracts of the spinal cord. leucomyoma (lu"ko-mi-o'mah) [G. leukos, white, + myoma.] Lipomyoma. leuconecro'sis [G. leukos, white, -t- nekrosis, dead- ness.] White gangrene leu'conid, leu'conoid. Any microphyte of the genus or group Leuconostoc. Leuconos'toc [G. leukos, white, -t- Nostoc, a genus of algae.] A group or genus of cocci, sometimes single, but usually in chains, enclosed in a tough gelatinous envelope. leuconuclein (lu-ko-nu'kle-in). A nucleoprotein formed by the decomposition of another nucleo- protein derived from the white corpuscles and blood-plates; its presence favors coagulation of the blood. leuconychia (lu-ko-nik'I-ah) [G. leukos, white, + onyx(onych-), nail.] The occurrence of white spots or patches under the nails, due to the pres- ence of air bubbles between the nail and its bed; leucopathia unguium, canities unguium. The decoloration may be total or in the form of lines (striate I.) or dots (punctate I.). leucopath'ia, leucop'athy [G. leukos, white, + pathos, disease.] Leucoderma, leucasma, achro- ma, a partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, acquired 1., vitiligo, congen'ital 1., albinism. 1. un'guium, leuconychia. leucope'nia [leuco(cyte) + G. penia, poverty.] Hypoleucocytosis, a condition in which the num- ber of leucocytes in the circulating blood is reduced below the normal for the individual, in general below 5,000 per c.mm. leucophlegmasia (lu-ko-fleg-ma'sl-ah) [G. leukos, white, +. plegma, inflammation.] Hard edema, lymphatic edema. 1. do'lens, phlegmasia alba dolens. LEUCOPLACIA SSo LEYDEN JA] leucoplacia (lu-ko-pla'sl-ah). Leucoplakia. leucoplakia(lu-ko-pla'ld-ah) [L. leukos, white, + plax, a plaque.] The occurrence of irregular white patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue Q,. lingua'Us) or tongue and cheek (/. bucca'lis); there is thickening of the epithelium and the papillae may be hypertrophied ; smoker's tongue, buccal or lingual psoriasis, ichthyosis linguae. leucoplas'tid [G. leukos, white, + plastis, fem. of plastes, a. former.] Amyloplast. leucopoiesis (lu-ko-poy-e'sls) [G. leukos, white, + poiesis, a making.] The production of leucocytes and white cells in general. leucopoietic (lu-ko-poy-et'ik). Producing orrelating to the production of leucocytes. leucoprotease (lu-ko-pro'te-az). A, proteolytic enzyme or ferment, formed in an area of inflam- mation, which causes liquefaction of dead tissue; it is a. product of the polynuclear leucocytes. i , leucop'sin [G. leukos, white, + opsis, vision.] Visual white, the exhausted or decolorized rhodopsin. leucoirha'gia [G. leukos, white, + -rkagia.] Leu- corrhea. leucorrhe'a, leucorrhoe'a [G. leukos, white, + rhoia, flow.] A discharge from the vagina of a white, more , or less viscid fluid, containing mucus and pus cells, men'stnial 1., an intermittent 1. re- curring at or just before each menstrual period. leucorrhe'al. Relating to or characterized by leucorrhea. leucosarco'ma. A non-pigmented sarcoma. leucosarcomatosis (lu-ko-sar-ko-mS-to'sis). The occurrence of multiple sarcomata formed by the proliferation of lymphoid leucocytes or myelo- blasts. leucoscope (lu'ko-skop) [G. leukos, white, + skopeo, I view.] A device for testing color vision. leucosis (lu-ko'sis). Leucemia, leucocythemia. leucotac'tic. Relating to or marked by leucotaxia. leucotax'ia. Leucocytotaxia. leucothrombin (lu-ko-throm'bin) . A substance de- rived from leucocytes which forms thrombin with thrombokinase. leucotox'm. A cytotoxin specific for white blood- cells, leucolysin, leucocidin. leucotrichia (lu-ko-trikl-ah) [G. leukos, white, + ikrix(trick'), hair.] Whiteness of the hair. 1. annula'ris, ringed hair. Leudet's tinni'tus (le-da') [T^hdodore Emile Leudet, French physician, of Rouen, 182 5-1887.] A dry spasmodic click, audible also through the otoscope, heard in catarrhal inflammation of the Eustachian tube ; caused by reflex spasm of the tensor palati muscle. leuk-. For words so beginning, see leuc-, Leukerbad, Switzerland (loy'ker-baht). See Loiche- les-Bains, Switzerland. Levaditi meth'od (la-vah-de'te) [Constantin Leva- diti, Parisian physician, contemporary.] The employment of Cajal 's method of staining nerve- fibrils for the staining of Treponema pallidum in sections; thus stained they appear black. leva'tor [L, one who or that which lifts.] A surgical instrument for prying up the depressed part in a fracture of the skull. One of several muscles the action of which is to raise the part into which ti is inserted; see under musculus. levicellularls, neuter, levicellular'e (lev"i-sel"u-lar'is) [L. levis, smooth, ■ -f- cellula, cell.] Smooth- celled, noting non-striated tissue. Levico, Austria (la-ve'ko). Arsenical-chalybeai waters. Cold. Two springs ("strong"' an "weak"). Used by drinking and bathing i anemia, chlorosis, neurasthenia, malarial cacl exia, skin affections, neuralgia, general debilit; prolonged convalescence, and diseases of womei April I to September 30. leviga'tion [L. levigare, to make smooth.] Reductio of a substance to an impalpable powder t rubbing. levis'ticum [G. Hgystikon.'] Lovage, sea parsley, tl rhizome and root of Levisticum officinale, an hei of southern Europe; employed as a diureti emmenagogue, and carminative, in doses of gz- (8 .0-16 .0) of an infusion of i ounce to the pint. levoduction (le-vo-duk'shun) [L. lizvus, left, - ducere, to lead.] A drawing toward the lef noting especially a rotation of one or both eyes t the left. levoglu'cose. Levulose. levogyrate (le-vo-ji'rat) [L. limms, left, -1- gyrar. to turn.] . Levorotatory. levogy'rous. Levogyrate; levorotatory. ' levophobia (le-vo-fo'bJ-ah) [L. Icevus, left, -|- C phobos, fear.] Fear of objects on the left side c the body. levoro'tatoiy [L. Icevus, left, + rotare to turn Turning the plane of polarized light to the lef noting a property of fruit-sugar, or levulose, a distinguished from grape-sugar, glucose c dextrose. levotor'sion [L. Icevus, left, + torsio; iorquere, f twist.] A twisting to the left. levoversion (le-vo-vur'shun) [L. Icevus, left, - vertere, to turn.] A turning toward the left sid( Levret*s for'ceps (IS-vra') [Andr6 Levret Frenc accoucheur, 1703— 1780.] A modification of th Chamberlen forceps in which it is curved to coi respond to the curve of the parturient passag( L.*s law, in cases of placenta prasvia the insertio of the cord is marginal. L.'s maneu've: Deutsch's* maneuver; see also Mauriceau *-Levrf maneuver. levulargyre [lev'u-lar-jlr). A compound of me: cury and nucleoprotein, obtained from yea: cultures grown in the presence of increasii] amoxmts of bichloride of rftercury; used i syphilis in doses of 5 i (2.0) of a i per cen solution. lev'ulin. A substance, CjHijOe, resembling starcl present in certain tubers; it is readily change into levulose. levulin'ic. Relating to levulin. 1. acid, a crjrata ' line acid, CsHjO,, formed by the action of dilul acids on levulose and other substances. lev'ulosan. A decomposition product of cane-suga levulose, Isevulose (lev'u-los) [L. Icevus, left Fructose, fruit-sugar, levoglucose; a levoroti tory monosaccharid (hexose) occurring in man plants in company with dextrose. levulose'mia, tevulosse'mia [G. haima, blood.] TI presence of levulose in the peripheral blood. levulosu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The excretion i levulose in the urine. lev'urin. Trade name of a preparation of yeast fi internal use in furunculosis, acne, etc., in doses 3 1 (4.0). Ley den jar (li'den) [described by van Mussche: broek in Leyden, Holland, in 1 746.] An apparafr for the collecting of static electricity; a glass j. covered inside and outside with tinfoil for abo two- thirds of its height; the tinfoil on the insii is connected with a brass rod passing up throuj the neck of the jar and terminating in a ball; tl LEYDEN JAR SSI LIEBERKUEHN jar is charged by connecting the central rod with the conductor of a static machine, the outer coatr ing of the jar being connected with the earth. Leyden's ataz'ia (li'den) [Ernst Victor von Leyden, Berlin physician, 1832-1910.] Pseudotabes. L.'s crys'tab. Charcot*-Leyden crystals. L.'s dis- ease', periodical vomiting; attacks of nausea and vomiting recurring at regular intervals of weeks or inonths, lasting for a few hours or several days, the intervals being free from any gastric symp- toms whatever. L.'s duct, mesonephric duct.* L.'s neuri'tis, fatty degeneration of the fibers of the affected nerve. Leyden-Moebius type (li'den-me'be-oos). Heredi- tary progressive muscular dystrophy, clinically ; , identical with pseudomuscular hypertrophy, beginning in the muscles of the pelvic girdle. Leyde'nia gemmip'ara [Ernst Victor von JLeyden.l A supposed protozoan parasite found in the fluid of carcinomatous ascites. Leydig's cells (li'dig) [Franz von Leydig, German anatomist, 1 821— 1908.] Cells in the interstitial tissue of the testicle which are believed to furnish the internal secretion of that gland. L.'s duct, Wolffian* duct. L.'s prlm'itive cyl'inders, bundles of muscular fibers separated by proto- plasmic partitions. L.F.A. Abbreviation for left frontoanterior, noting a presentation of the fetus with forehead directed toward the left acetabulum of the mother, L.F.P. Abbreviation foi left frontoposterior, noting a presentation of the fetus with forehead directed to the left sacroiliac articulation of the mother. Li. Chemical symbol of lithium. Lian's point (le-ahn'). A point at the junction of the outer and middle thirds of a line passing from the umbilicus to the anterior superior spine of the ilium, where the trocar may safely be introduced in paracentesis. lian'trol. A blackish brown soft mass prepared from coal-tar; employed externally in eczema. lib'anol. Trade name of a preparation of satin- wood oil; used in gonorrhea and non-specific inflammations of the mucous membranes in doses of Tljis— 10 (0.3—0.6). liberomotor (lib"er-o-mo'tor) [L. liber, free, -f motor, mover.] Relating to voluntary movements. libid'inous [L. libidinosus.] Lascivious. libido (ll-bi'(be')do) [L. lust.] Conscious or un- conscious sexual desire; creative energv, ^lan vital; any passionate interest or form of life force. Libo'rius meth'od. A method of making cultures of anaerobic bacteria; a stab culture is made in glucose agar or other medium and then more of the same medium is liquefled and poured into the test-tube on top of the stab culture, effectually sealing it from the air. LiBr. Lithium bromide. li'bra [L. balance.] A pound; abbreviation lb. li'bradol. An eclectic remedy employed externally for the relief of pain and inflammation ; it is com- posed of lobelia, tobacco, sanguinaria, ipecac, dracontium, capsicum, melaleuca, and laurel- camphor. lice. Plural of louse. lichen (li'ken) [G. leichen, a tetter-like eruption.] I . A cryptogamic moss-like plant, forming patches on rocks, tree-trunks, etc.; thought to be algse with parasitic fungi. (The word in this sense is sometimes pronounced lich'en.) 2. A general term denoting any papidar eruption of the skin, now noting usually 1. planus. 1. acumina'tus, a form with acuminate papular lesions, 1. ruber. 1. a'grius, acute papular eczema of severe type. 1. annula'ris, granuloma annulare, an affection marked by the occurrence of annular lesions, ^i inch in diameter, on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the fingers. 1. annula'tus, 1. circinatus. 1. circina'tus, seborrheic dermatitis with annular lesions. 1. haemorrhag'icus, a papular eruption due to hemorrhage into the hair-follicles. 1. infan'tum, strophulus. 1. i'ris, ringworm with concentric rings of erythematous papules. 1. liv'idus, 1. scrofulosus with extravasation of blood into the papules, purpura papillosa. 1. obtu'sus, a form in which the papules are large and roimded instead of flattened. 1. pila'ris, keratosis pilaris. 1. pla'nus, an eruption of flattened papules, of a reddish color and shining surface, occurring singly or grouped in patches of varying size and shape; the eruption occurs chiefly on the flexor surfaces of the extremities; but may involve the trunk or the mucous mem- branes. 1. pla'nus annula'ris, a form in which the papules are grouped in ring figures. 1. pla'nus hypertroph'icus, 1. obtusus. I. pla'nus verruco'sus, a form in which the papules coalesce, forming wart-like patches 1. psori'asis, (i) pityriasis rubra pilaris ; (2) 1. planus. 1. ru'ber, 1. ru'ber acumina'tus, pitjrriasis rubra pilaris. 1. ru'ber monilifor'mis, an eruption of ob- tuse papules arranged along raised lines on the extremities, following the general direction of their axes. I. ru'ber pla'nus, 1. planus. 1. scrofu- lo'sus, 1. scrofuloso'rum, an eruption of reddish papules, single or aggregated in patches of varying size, occurring in scrofulous subjects. 1. sim'- plez, papular eczema. 1. spinulo'sus, a particu- larly rough form of 1. pilaris. 1. strophulo'sus, miliaria rubra. 1. syphilit'icus, follicular syphi- lide. 1. trop'icus, miliaria rubra. 1. urtica'tus, chronic urticaria. 1. variega'tus, maculopapular erythroderaiia. Ucheniasis (li-ken-i'a-sis). The formation of the lesions of lichen. lichenification (li-ken"i-fi-ka'shun) [lichen + L. facere, to make.] Leathery induration; an indu- ration and thickening of the skin due to a sub- acute inflammation caused by scratching or long- continued irritation. lichenin (li'ken-in). Moss-starch, a variety of starch obtained from Iceland moss, used as a demulcent. licheniza'tion (li-ken-i-za'shun). i. The formation of the lesions of lichen. 2. Lichenification. lichenoid (li'ken-oyd) [lichen + G. eidos, appearance.] A. Resembling lichen; lichenous. 2. A white patchy eruption on the tongue occurring in infants. Lichtheim's sign (likht'him) [Ludwig Lichtheim, Ger- man physician, *i845.] In subcortical aphasia, the patient can indicate by his fingers the number of syllables of the word he has in mind but cannot speak. Li^COj. Lithium carbonate. lic'orice, Glycyrrhiza. lid [A.S. hlid!\ i. A movable cover. 2. An eyelid. gran'ular lids, granular conjunctivitis, trachoma. Lieben's test (le'ben) [Adolf Lieben, Viennese chem- ist, contemporary.] For acetone : distill the urine, mix with an iodo-iodic solution and add caustic soda or potassa until the fluid is decolorized; if acetone is present a yellow precipitate of iodoform easily recognizable by its odor, is thrown down. lieberkuehn (le'ber-kun) [after J. N. Lieberkuehn, see the following title.] A concave reflector around the objective of a microscope for lighting the field. riEBERKUEHN'S AMPULLA SS2 LIGAMENT Lieberkuehn's ampuU'a (le'ber-kun) [Johann Na- thaniel Lieberkuehn, German anatomist, 1711— 1756.] The blind end of a lacteal in an intestinal villus. L.'s crypts, foll'icles, or glands, intestinal glands ; see under glandula. Liebermann's test (le'ber-mahn) [Leo von Szent- lorincz Liebermann, Hungarian physician, "1852.] For albiunin in the urine : an alcoholic precipitate from the urine is washed with ether and heated with hydrochloric acid; if the precipitate is a protein a violet color will appear. Liebermann - Burchard test (le'ber-mahn - b o o r'- khart) [C. Liebermann, H. Burchard, German biological chemists.] Acetic acid anhydride is added to a solution of the suspected substance in chloroform; then concentrated sulphuric acid is added drop by drop, and if cholesterin is present the mixture becomes first rose color, then blue, and finally a vivid green. Liebermeister's rule (leber-mi(s-ter) [Carl von Liebemeister, German physician, 1833-igoi.] In febrile tachycardia in the adult, about eight pulse beats correspond to an increase of one degree Centigrade. Liebig's ex'tract (le'big) [Baron Justus von Liebig, German chemist, 1803-1873.] A watery extract of beef evaporated down to the consistence of a soft solid. L.'s test, for cystin: on boiling with sodic or potassic hydrate and lead sulphide a black precipitate will be thrown down if cystin is present. L.'s the'oiy, the hydrocarbons which oxidize readily and bum are aliments which pro- duce especially animal heat. li'en [L.] [BNA] Spleen. 1. accesso'rius [BNA], one of the small globular masses of splenic tissue occasionally found in the neighborhood of the spleen. 1. succ enturia'tus, 1. accessorius. lienadin (li-en'^-din). Trade name of a splenic extract, recommended in leucemia. lienal (li'en-al). Relating to the spleen, splenic. lienculus (li-en'ku-lus) [L. dim. of lien, spleen.] Lien accessorius. lienitis (li-en-i'(e')tis). Splenitis. lienocele (li'en-o-sel) [L. lien, spleen, H- G. kele, hernia.] Splenocele. li"enomala'cia [L. lien, spleen, H-G. malakia, softness.] Splenomalacia. li"enomed'ullary [L. lien, spleen, + medulla, mar- row.] Relating to the spleen and the bone- marrow, lienomyelogenous (li"en-o-mi-el-oj'en-us) [L. lien, spleen, + G. myelos, marrow, -I- gennad, I pro- duce,] Splenomyelogenous. lienomyelomalacia (li"en-o-mi"el-o-mal-a'sl-ah) [L. lien, spleen, -H G, myelos, marrow, -f- malakia, softness.] Splenomyelomalacia. U"enopancreat'ic [L. lien, spleen, + pancreas.] Splenopancreatic. li"enore'nal [L. lien, spleen, + ren kidney,] Relat- ing to the spleen and the kidney, splenonephric. lienotox'in [L, lien, spleen,] Splenotoxin. lienteric (li-en-ter'ik). Relating to, or marked by, lientery. ll'entery [G. leienteria; leios, smooth, + enieron, intestine.] The passage of undigested food in the stools. llenun'culus [L. dim. of lien, spleen,] Lien acces- sorius. Lieutaud's body (le-S-to') [Joseph Lieutaud, French physician, 1703-1780,] Trigone of the bladder. L.'s sinus, a connecting channel between the later- al sinus and the inferior longitudinal sinus. L.'s tri'angle, L.'s body. L.'s u'vula, a small median ridge in the trigone of the bladder. life [A.S.K/,] I. Vitality, the essential condition of existence of animals and plants; the state of existence characterized by metabolism. 2. The period of utility of any object, as of an electric battery, for example, av'erage future 1., expecta- tion of life, expecta'tion of 1., the average length of time that a number of persons at a given age are presumed to live, according to the mortality table. 1. expec'iancy, expectation of 1. limit of 1., in life insurance the age at which, according to the mortality table, the last man is presumed to die; in the American Experience Table,* this age is ninety-six years, prob'able 1., in life insurance the period at the end of which one-half of the number of persons of a given age at the beginning of the period will still be living veg'etative I., the simple metabolic and reproductive activity of man or animals, apart from the exercise of con- scious mental or psychic processes. life'-insu"'rance. A contractual obligation assumed by a company or association of individuals to pay to the beneficiary or estate of a person, called the insured, a specified sum of money in the event of his death, on condition that the insured pay to the company either a certain amount yearly (a pre- mium-) or such sums as the company or associa- tion may from time to time call upon him to pay (assessments). See policy and premium. l.-i. com'pany, an association formed for the accumula- tion of a fund out of which to pay a specified sum to the heirs of any of the members who die; an assessment company is one the members of which are called upon, whenever one of their number dies, for a sum which will in the aggregate, after deducting expenses, pay the amotmt of the deceased's policy; a mutual company is one every member of which has theoretically a voice in ite management and has an interest in the accumu- lated funds of the association in proportion to the amoimt he has contributed in premiums; a stock company is one controlled by a limited number of persons, the stockholders, who receive the profits of the business ; a mixed company is a stock com- pany the policy-holders of which share with the stockholders in the profits ; an old-line company is one the premium rates of whose policies are fixed and are not subject to decrease or increase during the continuance of the policy; a legal reserve com- pany is the same as an old-line company, such a company being required imder the law to main- tain a reserve in cash or approved securities not less in amount than the net value of all its policies in force; fraternal, cooperative, and stipulated- premium companies provide for the payment of death claims either by assessment or by a pre- mium which is subject to change according to circumstances, lig'ament [L, ligamenium, a band, bandage,] i, A band or sheet of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones, cartilages, or other structures, or serving as support for fascias or muscles. 2, A fold of thickened peritoneum supporting any of the abdominal viscera. 3. Any structure resem- bling a ligament though not performing the func- tion of such. 4. The remains of a fetal artery or other structure. [For the titles not given in the following list see under ligamentum or the eponymic term,] cap'sular 1., the sac-like mem- brane enclosing a joint more or less completely. car'dinal 1., one of several fibrous bands running through the base of the broad ligament of the ' uterus beside the vessels and nerves, check 1., ligamentum alare, cil'iary 1., musculus* ciliaris. cot'yloid 1., a fibrocartilaginous ring which deepens LIGAMENT 553 LIGAMENTUM the cavity of the acetabulum, labrum* glenoidale. cricosantorin'ian L, ligamentum comiculophar- yngeum. cru'ciform L, ligamentum transversum atlantis. interfove'olar 1., ligamentuin inter- foveale. lambdoid 1., ligamentum fundiforme pedis, odon'toid 1., ligamentum alare. round 1., ligamentum teres, stell'ate 1., ligamentum radi- atum. vesicoumbilical 1., urachus. Ugamentopexis (Ug"5.-men-to-pek'sis) [L. liga- mentum + G. pexis, fixation.] Alexander- Adams operation of shortening the round ligaments of the uterus. ligamen'tous. Relating to or of the form or structure of a ligament. ligamen'tum, pi. Ugamen^ta [L. ligare, to bind.] Ligament. 1. acro*mioclavicula're [BNA], a fibrous band extend- ing from the acromion process of the scapula to the clavicle. I. adipo'sum, a fold of the synovial membrane of the knee-joint, containing more or less fat. 1. ala're, (i) [BNA] alar ligament, odontoid or check ligament, one of two short stout laands between the side of the odontoid process of the axis and the tubercle on the inner aspect of the condylar portion of the occipital bone; (2) blica alaris [BNAl. ' 1. annula're, annular ligament, orbicular ligament, one of a number of ligaments encircling various parts; the principal annular ligaments in the[BNA] nomen- clature are: I. a. baseos stapedis, I. a. digitorutnmanus, I. a. digitorum pedis, I. a. radii, I. a. tracheale. 1. annula're bul'bi, I. pectinatum iridis fBNA]. 1. annula're ra'dii [BNA], annular ligament of the radius, orbicular ligament encircling the head of the radius. 1. ap'icis den^tis [BNA], ligament of the apex of the tooth, suspensory ligament, middle odontoid ligament, running from the apex of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. 1. arcua'tum ezter'num, arcus lumbocostalis lateralis [BNA]. 1. arcua'tom inter'num» arcus lumbocostalis medialis [BNA]. 1. arcua'tum me'dium, a fibrous arch connecting the crura of the diaphragm and forming the anterior boun- dary of the hiatus aorticus. 1. arcua'tum pu'bts [BNA], 1. pubicum inferius, the arcuate, inferior, or subpubic ligament; it is attached to the adjacent sides of the descending rami of the pubis and occupies the arch of the pubis, entering into the formation of the pelvic outlet. 1. arterio'sum [BNA], the remains of the ductus* arteriosus. ligamen'ta auricula'ria, auricular ligaments, liga- ments of Valsalva, consisting of two sets: the extrinsic which connect the auricle with the side of the head, and the intrinsic which unite the various portions of the auricular cartilage. ligamen'ta ba'sium [BNA], ligaments of the bases of the metacarpal bones, transverse fibrous bands connect- ing the dorsal, palmar, and interosseous areas of these parts, called respectively I. h. dorsalia, I. b. volaria, and /. b. inter ossea. 1. bifurca'tum [BNA], bifurcated ligament, the inter- nal or interosseous calcaneocuboid and the superior or external calcaneonavicular ligaments considered as one. 1. calca^neocuboid'eum [BNA], calcaneocuboid liga- ment, one of two fibrous bands (I. c. dorsole and /. c. plantare) connecting the two bones on their dorsal and plantar aspects; the I.e. ^'nternum or interosseum is the pars calcaneocuboidea [BNA] of the 1. bifurcatum; the /. c. longum is the 1. plantare longum (BNA], 1. calcaneofibula're [BNA], calcaneofibular ligament, middle fasciculus of the external lateral ligament of the ankle-joint, 1. calcaneonavicula're dorsa'le [BNA], dorsal or superior calcaneonavicular ligament, connecting the two bones on the dorsal aspect. 1. calcaneonavicula're exter'num or supe'rius, external or superior calcaneonavicular ligament, pars calcaneonavicularis [BNA] of the 1. bifurcatum. I. calcaneonavicula're planta're [BNA], plantar cal- caneonavicular ligament, inferior calcaneonavicular ligament. 1. calca"neotibia'le [BNA], a section of the internal lateral ligament (1. deltoideum) which extends from the tip of the internal malleolus to the inner side of the astragalus. 1. capit'uli cos'tffi interarticula're [BNA], transverse fibers extending within the capsule from the ridge be- tween the two facets on the head of the rib to the intervertebral disc. I . capit'uli cos'tse radia'tum [BNA], radiate, stellate, or anterior costovertebral ligament connecting the head of each rib to the bodies of the two vertebras with which it articulates. ligamen'ta capit'uli fib'ula [BNA], anterosuperior and posterosuperior tibiofibular ligaments, connecting the upper extremities of the tibia and fibula. ligamen'ta capitulo'rum transver'sa [BNA], trans- verse metacarpal (or metatarsal) ligaments, binding together the heads of the metacarpal (or metatarsal) bones. 1. capsula're, capsula articularis [BNA]. 1. car'pi radia'tum [BNA], the collective term for the ligaments on the floor of the carpal canal which connect the individual carpal bones, radiating toward the capitatum (or magnum). ligamen'ta carpometacarpe'a [BNA], carpometacar- pal ligaments, uniting the metacarpal and carpal bones; they are of two sets — dorsal Q. c. dorsalia) and palmar (I. c. volaria). I. cauda'le [BNA], caudal ligament, one of several fibrous bands attaching the skin to the coccyx. 1. centra'le, filum terminale. 1. ceratocricoid'eum [BNA], one of three ligaments (.anterius, posterius, and laterale) reinforcing the cap- sule of the cricothyroid articulation on either side. ligamen'ta cin'guli extremita'tis inferio'ris [BNA], ligaments of the pelvic girdle. ligamen'ta cin'guli extremita'tis superlo'ris [BNA], ligaments of the shoulder girdle. 1. collatera'le car'pi radia'le [BNA], external lateral ligament of the wrist, connecting the scaphoid (os naviculare) and trapezium (os multangulum majus) on their radial aspects. 1. collatera'le car'pi ulna're [BNA], internal lateral ligament of the wrist, connecting the cuneiform (os triquetrum) and unciform (os hamatum) on their ulnar surfaces. 1. collatera'le fibula're [BNA], fibular collateral liga- ment, long external lateral ligament of the knee-joint. 1. collatera'le radia'le [BNA], radial collateral liga- ment, external lateral ligament of the elbow. 1. collatera'le tibia'le [BNA], tibial collateral liga- ment, internal lateral ligament of the knee-joint. I. collatera'le ulna're [BNA], ulnar collateral liga- ment, internal lateral ligament of the elbow. ligamen'ta collatera'Iia i BNA], internal and external lateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal (or meta- tarsophalangeal) and interphalangeal articulations. 1. coll'i cos'tffi [BNA], middle costotransverse liga- ment, a fibrous band extending from the back part of the neck of the rib backward and inward to the front of the transverse process of the vertebra and to the back part of the inferior articular process of the verte- bra above. 1. conoid' eum [BNA], conoid ligament, connecting the coracoid process of the scapula with the conoid tubercle of the clavicle. 1. cor^acDclavicula're [BNA], a strong fibrous band connecting the acromial end of the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula. 1. coracohumera'le [BNA], coracohumeral ligament, accessory ligament of the shoulder, passing between the external border of the root of the coracoid process and the neck of the humerus close to the great tuberosity. 1. cornicuIopharynge'tun[BNA], comiculopharyngeal ligament, 1. jugale, cricosantorinian ligament, an elas- tic band connecting the tip of the comiculate (Santor- ini's) cartilage and the lamina of the cricoid cartilage, which is attached also to the wall of the pharynx. 1. corona'rium hep'atis [BNA], coronary ligament of the liver, consists of folds of peritoneum extending from LIGAMENTUM 554 LIGAMENTU the liver to the diaphragm at the margins of the uncovered area of the right lobe. ligamen'ta coruscan'tia, Hgamenta intercostalia externa. 1. costoclavicula're [BNA], costoclavicular ligament, rhomboid ligament, connecting the first rib with the clavicle, near their sternal articulations. 1. costocol'icum, 1. phrenicocolicum [BNA], 1. costotransversa'rium ante'rius [BNA], anterior, or superior, costotransverse ligamentj a strong fibrous band extending from the upper border of the neck of the rib upward and outward to the transverse process of the vertebra and the capsular ligament of the costo- transverse articulation above. I. costotransversa'rium poste'rius [BNA], a band of fibers strengthening the capsule, extending from the tubercle of the rib to the tip of the transverse process of the vertebra. 1. costoziphoid'eum [BNA], costoxiphoid ligament, chondro xiphoid ligament, connecting the xiphoid proc- ess and the seventh, and sometimes sixth, costal cartilage. 1. cotyloid'eunir labrum glenoidale of the hip. 1. cricoarytsenoid'eum posterius [BNA], posterior cricoarytenoid ligament, a strong elastic band, rein- forcing posteriorly the capsule of the cricoarytenoid articulation, passing between the external surface of the arytenoid cartilage to the upper margin of the lamina of the cricoid. 1. cricopharynge'um [BNA], the lower part of the jugal Jigament (1. corniculopharyngeum) attached to the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. I , cricothyreoid'eum [BNA], the strong, tense, mid- dle portion of the cricothyroid membrane. 1. cricotrachea'le [BNA], a fibrous band connecting the cricoid cartilage with the first ring of the trachea. ligamen'ta crucia'ta digito'rum [BNA], the distal portions of the vaginal ligaments, or synovial sheaths of the fingers and toes, where they become thin and interrupted, the fasciculi crossing each other. ligamen'ta crucia'ta ge'nu [BNA], crucial ligaments of the knee, two ligaments, anterior and posterior (I. c. g. ant^rius and /. c. g. posterius) , within the cap- sule of the knee-joint; they extend from the non- articular surface of the head of the tibia to the sides of the inter condyloid notch of the femur. 1. crucia'tum atlan'tis [BNA], a threefold ligament consisting of a transverse limb formed by the super- ficial fibers of the transverse ligament of the atlas, a lower part whose fibers run longitudinally from the pos- terior surface of the body of the axis to the transverse limb, and an upper part with longitudinal fibers run- ning from the transverse limb to the occipital bone. 1. crucia'tum cru'ris [BNA], cruciate ligament of the leg, lower part of the anterior annular ligament of the ankle. 1. cuboid"eonavicula're [BNA], scaphocuboid liga- ment, one of two ligaments, /. c. dorsale and I. c. plantare, uniting the cuboid and navicular bones of the tarsus. 1. cu"neocuboid'eum [BNA], one of three ligaments, I. c. dorsale, I. c. interosseum, and /. c. plantare, uniting the cuneiform and cuboid bones of the tarsus. 1. deitoid'eum [BNA], deltoid ligament, combined internal lateral ligament of the ankle-joint and anterior and posterior tibiotarsal ligaments. 1. denticula'tum [BNA], denticulate ligament, the suspensory ligament of the spinal cord in its dura mater sheath; a fibrous band, extending from the spinal pia mater on either side, which presents on its outer or free edge from twenty to twenty-three or more tri- angular projections, the tips of which, together with the arachnoid covering them, are attached to the inner surface of the dura mater in the intervals between the nerve-roots. 1. duc'tus veno'si, the remains of the ductus venosus which is obliterated at birth. 1. duode"norena'le [BNA], a fold of peritoneum occa- sionally passing from the termination of the hepato- duodenal ligament to the front of the right kidney. 1. epididym'idis [BNAJ, one of two folds of the tun- ica vaginalis above (l. e. superius) and below (I. e. inferius) the digital fossa (sinus epididymidis) , sup- porting the epididymis. 1. falcifor'me, processus falciformis [BNA]. 1 . falcif or'me hep'atis [ B N A], a crescentic fold of pi toneum attached to the parietal surface of the liver s to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall; a called broad ligament and suspensory ligament. ligamen'ta fla'va[BNA], yellow ligaments, ligamei subflava, ligaments, of yellow elastic fibrous tiss which bind together the laminas of adjoining verteb: 1. fundifor'me pe'dis, 1. Retzii, lambdoid ligame an extension of the anterior annular ligament of 1 ankle over the extensor tendons of the dorsum of 1 foot. 1. fundifor'me pe'nis [BNA], a band of elastic fib running from the linea alba, about 2 inches a.bove 1 symphysis, to the dorsal surface of the fascia of 1 penis. 1. gastrocoricum [BNA], the gastrocolic or grf omentum. 1. gastroliena'le [BNA], gastrosplenic omentum, reflection of peritoneum from the fundus of the stoma to the hikim and gastric surface of the spleen. 1. gastrophren'iciim, a small peritoneal fold runni up along the left side of the esophagus from the sto ach to the diaphragm. 1. glenoida'le^ labrum glenoidale of the shoulder. 1. hep"atocol'icum [BNA], an inconstant extension the 1. hepatoduodenale to the transverse colon. 1. hep"atoduodena'le [BNA], the portion of lesi omentum connecting the duodenum and liver. 1. hep"atogas'tricum (BNA], the portion of t lesser omentum connecting the stomach and the liver, 1. hepatorena'le [BNA], the combined hepatodi denal and duodenorenal ligaments. 1. hyoepiglot'ticum [BNA], hyoepiglottic or h^ epiglottidean ligament, a short elastic band connecti the anterior face of the epiglottis to the upper bore of the hyoid bone. 1. hyothy"reoid'eum latera'le [BNA], the poster border of the hyothyroid membrane. 1. hyothy"reoid'eum me'dium [BNA], middle tt rohyoid ligament, the central thickened portion of t hyothyroid membrane. L Uiofemora'le [BNA], iliofemoral ligament, shaped ligament of Bigelow; a triangular ligame attached above, by its apex, to the anterior infer spine of the ilium and rim of the acetabulum and beli to the anterior intertrochanteric line of the femur. 1 . in'cudis [B N A], one of two ligaments of t incus: I. i. posterius, attaching the short process of t incus to the fossa incudis; and I. i. superius, a fold mucous membrane with a little fibrous tissue runni from the incus to the roof of the recessus epitympanic 1, inguina'le [BNA], inguinal ligament, Poupai ligament, a fibrous band extending from the anter superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis. 1. inguina'le reflex'um [BNA], reflex inguinal lif ment, CoUes's ligament, triangular fascia of the abc men, a triangular fibrous band passing from the aj neurosis of the obliquus extemus abdominis to t spine and crest of the pubis of the opposite side. ligamen'ta intercarpe'a [BNA], three sets of shi fibrous bands, binding together the bases of each r of carpal articulations; according to their location th are named /. i. dorsalia, I. i. interossea, and I, i. volaria. I. iuterclavicula're [BNA], a strong fiborus ha passing between the sternal ends of the clavicles d ping down into the sternal notch and attached to t sternum there. ligamen'ta intercosta'lia [BNA], intercostal Hj ments in two sets, I. i. exter'na and I. i. inter'na; i former are tendinous fibers running in the same dir tion and replacing the fibers of the external intercos muscles in the spaces between the costal cartilag the latter replace the fibers of the internal intercos muscles between the posterior extremities of the rib ligamen'ta intercu"neifor'mia[BN A], intercuneifo ligaments, stout fibrous bands uniting the cuneifo bones of the tarsus; they are of two sets I. i. interos and I. i. plantaria. 1. interfoyeola're [BNA], Hesselbach's ligament, 1 outer portion of the conjoined tendon (when t structure is divisible into two parts) crossing Hess bach's triangle. ligamen'ta interspina'lia [BNA], interspinous li| LIGAMENTUM SSS LIGAMENTUM merits, bands of interlaciiig fibers passing obliquely from the under surface of the spinous process of one vertebra downward and backward to the upper surface of the spinous process of the vertebra below. ligamen'ta intertraiis"versa'ria [BNA], fibrous bands extending from the posteroinferior portion of the trans- verse process of one vertebra to the upper part of that of the vertebra below. 1, is"chiocapsuIa're [BNA], a broad band of longi- tudinal fibers extending from the ischium between the small sciatic notch and the obturator foramen to the orbicular zone of the capsule of the hip-joint. 1. juga'le, 1. comiculopharsmgeum [BNA], 1. lacinia'tiun [BNA], fringed ligament, internal annular ligament, a wide band passing from the inter- nal malleolus to the inner and upper border of the or calcis and to the plantar surface as far as the naviculas bone; it holds in place the sheaths of the tibialis pos- terior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus. 1. lacuna're [BNA], lacunar ligament, Gimbemat's ligament, a triangular fibrous band passing horizontally backward from the 1. ingruinale to the iliopectineal line; its outer edge bounds the crural ring internally. 1. laterale. 1. coUaterale [BNA]. 1. la'tum. pulmo'nis, a fold formed of the two layers of pleura below the root of the lung, stretching be- tween the pericardium and the lung. 1. la'tuxn u'teri, broad ligament of the uterus, the peritoneal fold passing from the lateral margin of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis on either side. 1. longitudina'le [BNA], longitudinal ligament, com- mon ligament of the spine; the anterior is a wide band attached to the anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae and the intervertebral discs from the axis to the upper segment of the sacrum; the posterior, within the spinal canal, is attached to the posterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrse and intervertebral discs from the axis to the sacrum. 1. lumbocostale [BNA], lumbocostal ligament, exter- nal arcuate ligament, the upper margin of the anterior layer of the lumbodorsal fascia, forming a tendinous band which passes between the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra and the twelfth rib. 1. mall'ei ante'rius [BNA], consists of two portions: Meckel's band, passing from the base of the long process to the spine of the sphenoid through the Glaserian fissure; and the anterior ligament of Helm- holtz, extending from the anterior aspect of the mal- leus above the base of the long process to the anterior boundary of the notch of Rivinus... 1. mall'ei latera'le [BNA], external ligament of the malleus, a short fan-shaped ligament, the fibers con- verging from the posterior half of the notch of Rivinus to the crista mallei. 1. mairei supe'rius [BNA],. a ligament extending from the head of the malleus to the roof of the epi- tympanic recess. 1-, malle'oU latera'lis [BMAJlateral or external malleo- lar ligament, one of two ligaments, I. m. I. anterius and I. m. I. Poster ills, passing obliquely between tibia and fibula upon the anterior and posterior surfaces respec- tively of the lower ends of tlie two bones. 1 . menis'ci latera'lis, Wrisberg's ligament, a bundle of fibers passing from the lateral meniscus to the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint. 1. muco'sum, plica synovialis patellaris [BNA]. I. natato'rium, thickened transverse fascial fibers in the webs of the fingers. ligamen'ta navicula'^ricuneifor'inia [BNA], scapho- cuneiform ligaments, dorsal and plantar bands strengthening the capsule of the cuneonavicular articulation, 1. nu'chEe [BNA], the strong ligamentous band at the back of the neck, formed of thickened supraspinous vertebral ligaments, attached above to the occipital crest from the external occipital protuberance to the posterior border of the foramen magnum. 1. orbicula're ra'dii, orbicular ligament of the radius, 1. annulare radii [BNA]. 1. ova'rii pro'prium [BNA], a cord-like bundle of smooth muscular fibers passing to the side of the uterus from the lower end of the ovary, between the folds of the broad ligament. I. palpebra'le exter'num, raphe palpebralis lateralis [BNA]. 1. palpebrale media'le [BNA], medial palpebral liga- ment, internal tarsal ligament, a strong fibrous band attached to the nasal process of the maxillary bone and to the margins of the upper and lower tarsi. 1. patell'ffi [BNA], the anterior ligament of the knee- joint, a strong flattened fibrous band passing from the apex and adjoining margins of the patella to anterior tuberosity at the upper end of the shaft of the tibia. 1. pectina'tum ir'idis [BNA], pectinate ligament of the iris, pillars of the iris, radiating fibers from the posterior layer of the lamina elastica posterior of the cornea which pass into the substance of the iris. 1. phrenicocollcum [BNA], 1. phrenocolicum, 1. costo- colicum, sustentaculum lienis; a triangular fold of peritoneum attached to the splenic flexure of the colon and to the diaphragm. 1. phrenicoliena'le' [BNA], phrenicosplenic, or lieno- phrenic ligament, a continuation of the 1. gastrolienale passing to the diaphragm. 1. pisohama'tum [BNA], pisiunciform ligament, a strong fibrous band extending from the lower and inner aspect of the pisiform bone to the hook of the unciform bone. 1. pisometacarpe'um [BNA], the pisimetacarpal ligament, a strong fibrous band extending from the lower and inner aspect of the pisiform bone to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. 1. planta^re lon'gum [BNA], long plantar ligament, long calcaneocuboid ligament. 1. poplite'um arcua'tum [BNA], arcuate popliteal ligament passing in a curved manner (with concavity directed upward) above the tendon of the popHteus muscle, reinforcing the. posterior wall of the capsular ligament of the knee-joint. 1. poplite'um obli'quum, [BNA], oblique poplitea ligament, posterior ligament of the knee-joint. 1 . pterygospino'sum [BNA], a membranous ligament extending from the spinous process of the sphenoid to the upper part of the posterior free margin of the external pterygoid plate. 1. pu'bicum supe'rius [BNA], superior pubic liga- ment, consisting of a few transverse fibers passing between the two pubic crests. 1. pubocapsula're [BNA], pubocapsular ligameht, pubofemoral ligament, pubocapsular band ; ligamentous bands extending fTom the iliopectineal eminence and obturator crest to the capsule of the hip-jointand, a few fibers, to the inferior aspect of the neck of the femur. 1. pubofeznora'le, 1. pubocapsulare. 1. puboprostaficum (pubovesica'le) latera'le [BNA], lateral true ligament of the bladder; a process of pelvic fascia on either side, extending from the bladder to the side wall of the pelvis. 1. puboprostat'icum (pubovesica'le) me'dium [BNA], anterior true ligament of the bladder, a process of pelvic fascia extending from the pubis to the bladder. 1. pulmona'le [BNA], 1. latum pulmonis, a fold of two layers of pleura prolonged downward between the peri- cardium and lower part of the inner surface of the lung. . radia'tum, radiate ligament, stellate or anterior costovertebral ligament, connecting the head of each rib to the bodies of two vertebrse. ' 1, radiocarpe'um dorsa'le [BNA], d6rsal radiocarpal ligament, posterior ligament of the wrist-joint. 1. radiocarpe'um vola're [BNA], volar radiocarpal ligament, anterior ligament of the wrist-joint. ' 1. Ref zii, I. fundiforme pedis. 1. rhomboida'le, (i) a 1. connecting the clavicle and cartilage of the first rib; (a) a 1, connecting the lower end of the radius with the cuneiform and uncifomi bones. 1. sacrococcyge'um [BNA], one of four ligaments of the sacrococcygeal articulation; they are I. s. anterius, L s. later ale, L s. posterius profundum, and I. s. pos^ terius superfictale. 1. sacrodura'le, fibrous filaments running from the middle line of the spinal dura to the posterior ligament of the sacral spine. ligamen'ta sacroili'aca anterior'a [BNA], anterior sacroiliac ligaments passing bet ween ». the ala of the sacrum and the iliac fossa of the innominate bone. ligamen'ta sacroili'aca interos'sea [BNA], short LIGAMENTUM 5S6 LIGAMENTl oblique fibers filling the hollow of the posterior portion of the sacroiliac articulation, covered by the posterior sacroiliac ligament. 1. sacrospino'sum [BNA], sacrospinous ligament, anterior or small sacrosciatic ligament, extending from the fourth and fifth segments of the sacrum and first segment of the coccyx to the tip and upper surface of the spine of the ischium. 1. sacrotubero'sum [BNA], sacrotuberous ligament, posterior or great sacrosciatic ligament, extending between the posterior inferior spine of the ilium, the third, fourth, and fifth segments of the sacrum and the first segment of the coccyx, and the tuberosity of the ischium immediately below the lesser sciatic notch. I. sacroili'acum poste'rius [BNA], one of two liga- ments, short (breve) and long (longum), passing be- tween the ilium and the transverse tubercles of the sacrum. 1. sero'sum [BNA], serous band or ligament, a supporting band, composed chiefly of a fold of peri- toneum, attaching certain of the viscera to the abdom- inal wall or to each other. 1. sphenomandibula're [BNA], sphenomandibular ligament, internal lateral ligament of the jaw. I. spira'le coch'leae [BNA], spiral ligament of the cochlea, the thickened periosteal lining of the bony cochlea, forming the outer wall of the ductus cochlearis. 1. sternocosta'le [BNA], one of the chondrostemal ligaments, connecting the rib cartilage and the ster- num; either the interarticular, or the anterior or posterior (radiate [BNA] ) ligaments. 1. ster"noclavicula're [BNA], one of two ligaments, anterior and posterior, forming thickened parts of the capsule of the sternoclavicular articulation. ligamen'ta stern op er^icardi'aca [B N A], sternoperi- cardial ligaments attaching the anterior surface of the fibrous pericardium to the sternum, I. sty"lohyoid'eum, [BNA], a ligament passing down from the extremity of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser comu of the hyoid bone; it is occa- sionally ossified. I. s^Iomandibula're [BNA], stylomandibular liga- ment, stylo maxillary ligament, a condensation of the deep cervical fascia extending from the tip of the fetyloid process of the temporal bone to the posterior border of the angle of the jaw. 1. subfla'vum, yellowish ligament, 1. flavum [BNA]. ligamen'ta supraspina'lia [BNA], supraspinous ligaments, longitudinal fibrous bands attached to the tips of the spinous processes of the vertebrse; in the cervical region they are thickened, and form the 1. nuchse. 1. suspenso'rium clitor'idis [BNA], a triangular fi- brous band passing from the symphysis pubis to the fibrous envelope of the body of the clitoris. 1. suspenso'rium ova'rii [BNA], a triangular fold of peritoneum passing upward from the upper pole of the ovary; it is part of the 1. latum uteri. 1. suspenso'rium pe'nis [BNA], a triangular band of fibrous tissue extending from the front of the sym- physis pubis to the fibrous capsule of the penis. I. talocalca'neum [BNA], one of five ligaments unit- ing the astragalus and os calcis; they form a capsule and are named: I. t. anterius, I. t, laterale, I. t. mediale, I. L posterius, and I. t. inter osseum. I, talofibula're ante'rius [BNA], anterior talofibular ligament, anterior fasciculus of the external lateral ligament of the ankle-joint. 1. talofibula're poste'rius [BNA], posterior talofibular ligament, posterior fasciculus of the external lateral ligament of the ankle-joint, 1, talonavicula're dorsa'le [BNA], dorsal talonavic- tUar ligament, superior astragalonavicular ligament. J. talotibia'le ante'rius [BNA], a division of the inter- nal lateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle extending from the front of the internal malleolus to the neck of the astragalus. I. talotibia'le poste'rius [BNA], a band strengthening the internal lateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle which extends from the back of the inner malleolus to the posterointernal surface of the astragalus. 1. tarsa'le exter'num, external tarsal ligament, raphe palpebralis lateralis [BNA], 1. tarsa'le inter'num, internal tarsal ligament, I mentum palpebrale mediale [BNA]. ligamen'ta tarsometatarse'a [BNA], tarsom tarsal ligaments, uniting the metatarsal and ta bones; they are of two sets: dorsal (/. t. dorsalia) plantar {I. t. plantaria). 1. temporomandibula're [BNA], temporomandibi ligament, external lateral ligament of the jaw. 1, te'res f em' oris [BNA], round ligament of femur, a flattened band of fibrous tissue extenc from the borders of the acetabular notch to a dep sion in the head of the femur; it carries the nutr vessels to the intracapsular portion of the femur. 1. te'res hep'atis [BNA], round ligament of the live fibrous cord, lying in the umbilical fossa or fissure, remains of the umbilical vein of the fetus. I. te'res u'teri [BNA], round ligament of the uteru fibromuscular band attached to the uterus on eil side, in front of and below the opening of the Palloi tube, and passing down through the inguinal cana end in the labium majus. 1. thyreoarytEenoid'eum infe'rius, inferior thyros tenoid ligament, 1, vocale [BNA]. I. thjrreoarytaenoid'eum supe'rius, superior th^ arytenoid ligament, 1. ventriculare [BNA]. 1. thyreoepiglot'ticum [BNA], thyroepiglottic or t roepiglottidean ligament, a thick elastic band pass from the lower extremity of the epiglottis to the ar between the alse of the thyroid cartilage just below superior notch. 1. tibiofibula're me'dium, interosseous membrane leg, membrana interossea cruris [BNA]. 1. tibionavicula're [BNA], a section of the intei lateral ligament of the ankle extending from the tij the inner malleolus to the inner side of the navici (scaphoid) bone. 1. transver'sum acetab'uli [BNA], a fibrous b: which bridges the acetabular notch, being attached both of its margins. 1. transver'suxD atlan'tis, transverse ligament of atlas, Lauth's ligament, a strong band arching aci the ring of the atlas behind the odontoid process. 1. transver'sum cru'ris [BNA], transverse ligamem the leg, upper, broad part of the anterior annular li ment of the ankle. 1. transver'sum ge'nutBNAJ, transverse ligamem the knee, a rounded fibrous band passing from one to other convex margin of the two semilunar cartilages 1. transver'stim pel'vis [BNA], transverse ligamenl the pelvis, median puboprostatic ligament of Krai the truncated apex of the urogenital diaphragm triangular ligament of the pelvis. 1. transver'sum scap'uls izife'rius:[BNA], infei transverse scapular ligament, spinoglenoid ligame fibers passing from the external border of the spin* the scapula to the posterior aspect of the head that bone. 1. transver'sum scap'ulfe supe'rius [BNA], supei transverse ligament of the scapula, suprascapt ligament, a flat fibrous band crossing the suprascapt notch. I. transver'sum superficia'le, 1. natatorium. 1, trapezoid'etmi, trapezoid ligament, connecting coracoid process of the scapula and the under surf of the acromial end of the clavicle. 1. triangula're diaphragma urogenitale [BNA]; d layer, fascia diaphragmatis urogenitalis supe: [BNA]; superficial layer, fascia diaphragmatis t genitalis inferior [BNA]. 1. triangula're dex'trum [BNA], right triangi ligament, the divergent right extremity of the coron ligament of the liver. 1. triangula're hep'atis, triangular ligament of liver, a triangular peritoneal fold reflected from upper surface of the left lobe of the liver to the i phragm. I, triangula're sims'trum [BNA], left triangular li ment, the divergent left extremity of the coronary li ment of the liver. 1 . tubei'culi cos'tse [BNA], ligament of the coi tubercle posterior costotransverse ligament, a st quadrangular ligament, reinforcing the capsule of costotransverse articulation, which passes outw and slightly upward from the tip of the transvt LIGAMENTUM SS7 LIME process of the rib to the posteri or surface of the neck of the articulating rib. 1. umbilica'le latera^le [BNA], lateral umbilical ligament, the obliterated umbilical artery between the vertex of the bladder and the umbilicus. I . umbilica'le medium [BNA], middle umbilical liga- ment, a cord passing from the apex of the bladder along the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall to the umbilicus, the remains of the urachus. l.vagina'le, (i) [BNA] vaginal or sheath ligament, a fibrous band, or fascia-like expansion which maintains a tendon-sheath in position; (2) a fibrous band, occa- sionally found in the adult, passing through the inguinal canal, representing the obliterated portion of the pro- cessus vaginalis. Ugamen'ta vagina'lia digito'rum [BNA], see 1. vaginale (l). 1. ve'nie ca'vae sinis'trae [BNA], ligament of the left vena cava, vestigial fold of Marshall, a pericardial fold between the left branch of the pulmonary artery and the left superior pulmonary vein. I. veno'sum [BNA], ligament of Arantius, a thin fibrous cord, lying in the fossa ductus venosi, the remains of the ductus venosus of the fetus. 1. ventricula're [BNA], ventricular ligament, 1. thy- reoaryteenoideum superius, supports the false voca- cord; it runs between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages above the 1. vocale. 1. vesicouteri'num, vesico-uterine ligament, a peri- toneal fold extending from the uterus to the posterior portion of the bladder. 1. voca'le [BNA], 1. thyreoarytaenoideum inferius, supports the true vocal cord; it forms the upper edge of the lateral part of the cricothyroid membrane, being attached anteriorly to the middle of the angular de- pression formed by the junction of the ate of the thyroid cartilage, posteriorly to the process vocalis of the arytenoid cartilage. Lig'at's test [David Ligat, English sur- geon, contemporary.] A test for cutaneous hyper esthesia in cases of disease of the abdominal organs; the sensitiveness of the skin is tested by taking a pinch of the skin between the thumb and forefinger and lifting it up from the deeper parts. li'gate [L. ligare, to bind.] To apply a ligatiire; to constrict Sizes of Ligatures. a blood-vessel or the pedicle of a tumor by means of a tightly tied thread or fillet. liga'tion. The application of a ligature. li'gator. An instrument employed in the ligation of vessels in deep and nearly inaccessible parts. ligature (lig'a-chiir) [L. ligatura; ligare, to tie.] i. A thread, wire, fillet, or the like, tied tightly around a blood-vessel, the pedicle of a tumor, or other structure in order to constrict it. 2. Ligation.' elas'tic I., one of india-rubber which slowly cuts through the part by reason of its contractility. provis'ional 1., one applied to an artery in con- tinuity at the beginning of an operation to pre- vent hemorrhage, but removed when the opera- tion is completed, sol'uble 1., a 1. of catgut or other animal material, which eventually is ab- sorbed or becomes organized. light (lit) [A.S. ledht-l Ethereal waves to which the retina is sensitive and which thus render visible the object whence they proceed, intrin'sic 1., a very faint glow seen on looking at the retina in the dark. 1. treat'ment, phototherapy, Finsen method. 1, waves, the undulations in the ether to which the retina is sensitive, po'larized 1., 1 . in which, as a result of reflection or transmission through certain media, the vibrations are all in one plane, transverse to the ray, instead of in all planes. light-touch palpa'tion. A method of determining the outlines of the thoracic and abdominal organs by lightly palpating the surface with the tip of a finger. Ligniires' test (len-yeair') [J. Ligniires, French physician in Buenos-Aires, contemporary.] Cuti- tuberculin* reaction. lig'nin [L. lignum,, wood.] A substance, CuHuOj, resembling cellulose, present in vegetable fiber and wood-cells. lig'num [L.] Wood. 1. benedic'tum, 1. sanc'tum, 1. vi'tae [L. blessed wood, holy wood, wood of life], guaiaci lignum. lig'ula [L. strap.] i. A lamina of white nerve-sub- stance forming the lateral boundary of the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain ; it passes from the clava upward over the ,'cuneate tubercle to the restiform body. 2. An appendage projecting from the base of a leaf blade above the insertion of the leaf. 3. The blade of the corolla in com- posite flowers. ligule (lig'ul). Ligula. ligus'ticum. Levisticum,* lovage. Lil'ienthal's probe [Howard Lilienthal, New York surgeon, *i86i.] Electric probe; two wires are attached to the. tip of a probe composed of two or four pieces of metal insulated from the shank ; these wires run to two plates, one of zinc and one of copper, placed above and below the examiner's ■ tongue; if the probe touches a bullet or other piece of metal there will be a metallic taste pro- duced in the mouth. lil'y of the vall'ey. Convallaria. lil'y-rash. A form of dermatitis affecting flower- pickers, especially those handling daffodils and narcissus; it is a. papular, vesicular, or pustular eruption on an erythematous base. li'man cure [Rus. liman, estuary.] Mud cure practised in the salt marshes near Odessa, Russia. li'manol, A preparation of the mud used in the liman cure at Odessa. limatu'ra, li'mature [L. lima, a file.] Filings; spe- cifically, I. ferri, iron filings. limb [A.S. lint.] r. An extremity, a member, an arm or leg. 2. A segment of any jointed struc- ture, pel'vic 1., a lower extremity, thorac'ic 1., an upper extremity. lim'bic. Relating to a limbus. 1. lobe, gyrus fomicatus. lim'bus [L. a. border.] The edge, border, or fringe of a part. I. alveola'ris [BNA], the free margin of the alveolar process of the maxilla or man- dible. 1. angula'ris, the oblique line on the side of the thyroid cartilage. 1. cor'nese [BNA], the margin of the cornea where it is overlapped by the sclera. I. fos'sae ova'lis [BNA], annulus ovalis, a muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right auricle (atrium) of the heart. 1. lam'inse spira'lis, the border of the spiral lamina, the thickened periosteum covering the upper plate of the lamina spiralis ossea of the cochlea. 1. lu'teus, macula lutea. lim'bi palpebra'les [BNA], the anterior and posterior margins of the eyelids. lime. 1. Fruit of the lime-tree. Citrus medica, the juice of which is employed to make an acidulous drink. 2. Calcium oxide, CaO, quick lime; on the addition of water this is converted into cal- LIME cium hydrate, Ca(0H)2, slaked lime; air-slaked lime is formed from quick lime on exposure to air and is a mixture of calcium hydrate and calcium carbonate; lime is official in U.S. P. and B.P. under the name calx.* 1. juice, succus citri (N.F.). li'men, gen. lim'inis, pi lim'ina [L.] Threshold; edge. 1. in'sulse [BNA], threshold of the island of Reil, the band of transition between the ante- rior portion of the gray matter of the insula and the anterior perforated substance. 1. na'si [BNA] , a ridge marking the boundary between the nasal cavity proper and the vestibule. lim'inal. Relating to the threshold* of conscious- ness or perception. lim'itans [L. limitare, to limit.] Limiting, see mem- brana limitans. limitroph'ic [L. limes, limit, H- G. trophe, nourish- ment.] Controlling nutrition, noting the sympa- thetic nervous system. limne'inia, limns^mia [G. limne, marsh, + haim-a, blood.] Chronic malaria, malarial cachexia. limne'mic. Suffering from malarial cachexia. li'mo, gen. limo'nis [L.] Lemon, limo'nis cor'tex (U.S., Br.), lemon peel, the fresh outer rind of the ripe lemon, the fruit of Citrus limoiium; stomachic in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3), but employed chiefly as a flavor in pharmaceutical prepara- tions, limg'nis cor'tex sicca'tus, dried lemon peel, limo'nis suc'cus, succus limonis (Br.), lemon juice, the freshly expressed juice of the ' ripe lemon, the fruit of Citrus Hmonum; em- ployed as a preventive and curative agent in scurvy, and as a refrigerant diuretic in fever, in the form of lemonade. limophthisis (li-mof'the(thi)sis) [G. limos, hunger, -I- phthisis, wasting.] Emaciation from lack of sufficient nourishment. limo'sis [G. limos, hunger.] Hunger, especially abnormal or inordinate hunger. limother'apy [G. limos, hunger, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Hunger-ctu-e ; treatment of disease by a restricted diet or absolute fasting. limp'ing. "Walking lame, with a yielding step, claudication, intermitt'ent 1., (i) a disease in the horse in which the animal goes lame suddenly, but temporarily, after a period of exercise; (2) a similar condition noted occasionally in man, called also angiosclerotic dysbasia; it is supposed to be due to arteriosclerosis of the vessels of the leg. lina'ria. Toad-flax, butter and eggs, snap-dragon; the plant Linaria vulgaris; diuretic and laxative, has been used in hemorrhoids. llnc'ture, linc'tus [L. lingere, to lick.] Electuary, confection, originally a medical preparation taken by licking. lin'den-flow'ers. Tilia, the dried flowers of Tilia europcea and T, sylvestris, the linden, lime, or basswood tree; employed in domestic medicine, in the form of an infusion, or tea, 3 1 (4 • o) to the pint (480.0), for the relief of nervous headache and hysterical manifestations. Lin'dera benzo'in. The spicebush, a North Ameri- can shrub, the bark of which is diaphoretic, stimulant, and antipyretic in doses of 5i~2 (2 . 0-8 . o) of a fluidextract. line [L. linea.] 1. A long narrow mark, strip, or streak, distinguished, in anatomy, from the adjacent tissues by color, texture, or elevation. 2. An obsolete unit of measure, -^ inch. (For the anatomical lines, see under linea.} absorp'- tion 1., see under absorplion. alve"olona'Bal 1., 558 LINEA a line connecting the alveolar point and the nasion. ax'illary 1., one of three perpendicular lines used as guides in physical diagnosis ; the an- terior passes through the anterior fold, and the posterior through the posterior fold, while the mid- axillary line passes through the center of the axil- lary space, basina'sal 1., a line connecting the ba- sion and the nasion. blue 1., a bluish discoloration along the dental edges of the gums, seen in cases of chronic lead poisoning, base 1., a line corre- sponding to the base of the skull, passing from the infraorbital ridge to the midline of the occiput, cutting the external auditory meatus, costo- clavic'ular 1., parasternal 1. ecten'tal 1., the line between the ectoderm and entoderm in the embryo, gin'gival 1., the line of junction of the cementum and enaniel of a tooth; the line on the neck of the tooth where the gum is attached, incremen'tal 1., Salter's 1., one of the lines, due to imperfect calcification, seen passing through the dentine in the crown, infracos'tal L, a horizontal line joining the lower borders of the tenth costal cartilages; it separates the epigastric from the umbilical regions, and the subcostal from the mesogastric zones; see illustration of abdominal regions, interspi'nal I., a horizontal line drawn between the two anterior superior spines of the ilia, intertuber'- cular L, an imaginary transverse line, drawn at the level of the iliac crests, at a point correspond- ing to the tubercle about 2 inches back of the anterior superior spine on either side; it divides the umbilical from the hypogastric zones of the abdomen, la'bial 1., one of Jadelot's* lines. mamm'ary 1., a transverse line drawn between the two nipples, mamm'illary 1., a perpendicidar line passing through the nipple on either side. milk 1., in embryology, ridges of thickened epi- thelium extending from the dorsal surface, near the forelimbs, ventrally to end in the inguinal region, along which the mammary glands are developed, na'sal 1., one of Jadelot's* lines. nasobas'ilar 1., basinasal 1. nipp'le 1., mammUlary 1. oc'ular 1., one of Jadelot's* lines, paraster'- ned 1., a perpendicular line, nearly continuous with the Poupart 1. , running niidwa}' between the nipple and the outer border of the sternum. oblique' 1., (i) linea* obliqua; (2) Sylvian 1., a line on the head corresponding to the fissure of Sylvius. Pou'part's 1., a perpendicular line passing through the center of Poupart's liga- ment on either side; it marks off the hypo- chondriac, lumbar, and iliac from the epi- gastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions, respectively; see cut under abdominal* regions, precen'tral 1., a line on the head, running from the midpoint on the vertex between the glabella and the inion, downward and for- ward ; it corresponds to. the superior and inferior precentral sulci, scap'ular 1., a line passing vertically downward from the inferior angle of the scapula, semilu'nar L, linea* semilunaris. side-ster'nal 1.,; a vertical line along the border of the sternum on either side, ster'nal 1., the midline of the sternum, subcos'tal 1., an imaginary transverse line, drawn at the level of the lower border of the tenth costal cartilage; it divides the epigastric from the umbilical zones of the abdomen, white 1., o, pale streak appearing in thirty to sixty seconds after scratching the skin and lasting for several minutes, regarded as a sign of diminished arterial tension. Un'ea, gen. and pi. lin'ece [L.] A line. LINEA 559 LINGULA 1, al'ba [white line], ^[BNA] a fibrous band running vertically the entire length of the center of the anterior abdominal wall, receiving the attachments of the oblique and transverse abdominal muscles. 1. al'bicanSi pi. lin'eee albican'tes, one of the atrophic lines or streaks seen in the skin of the abdomen after extreme stretching by pregnancy, dropsy, or a tumor. 1, arcua'ta [BNA], arcuate line, 1. iliopectinea, 1. terminaHs, an obHque ridge on the inner surface of the iliun^ and continued on the pubis, which fonns the lower boundary of the iliac fossa; it separates the true from the false pelvis. 1. as'pera [BNA], rough line, a rough ridge with two pronounced lips running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur; the outer lip (labium laterale) is a continuation of the crista glutea, the inner lip (labium mediale) of the linea spiralis; it affords attachment to the vastus intemus, adductor longus, adductor mag- nus, adductor brevis, the short head of the biceps, and the vastus extemus muscles. 1. glutEe'a [BNA], gluteal line, one of three rough curved lines on the outer surface of the ala of the ilium, named anterior or middle, inferior, and posterior; the two areas bounded by these give attachment to the gluteus minimus muscle below and gluteus medius above. ^ 1. iliopectine'a, 1. arcuata [BNA]. 1. inter condyloid'ea [BNA], intercondyloid line, a faint transverse ridge separating the floor of the inter- condyloid notch from the popliteal surface of the femur; it affords attachment to the posterior portion of the capsular ligament of the knee. 1. interme'dia cris'tse ili'acse [BNA], the intermediate surface of the crest of the ilium between the outer and inner lips. 1. intertrochanter'ica, intertrochanteric line: (i) [BNA], 1. spiralis, a rough line passing over the anterior surface of the femur from the great trochanter obliquely downward, just beneath the lesser trochanter, to merge into the inner lip of the 1. aspera; (2) crista intertrochanterica [BNA]. 1. mylohyoid'ea [BNA], mylohyoid line, internal oblique line; a ridge on the inner surface of the man- dible running from the base of the symphysis upward and backward to the ascending ramus behind the last molar tooth; it gives attachment to the mylohyoid muscle and superior constrictor of the pharynx. 1. ni'gra, black line, the 1. alba in pregnancy, which becomes pigmented then. 1. nu'chse infe'rior [BNA], inferior nuchal or curved line of the occipital bone, running outward and forward from the external occipital crest, through about the middle of the nuchal plane. 1. nu'chae supe'rior [BNA], superior nuchal or curved line of the occipital bone, running from the external occipital protuberance toward the external angle, below, and roughly parallel to, the supreme nuchalline, giving attachment to the trapezius, occipitalis, sterno- mastoid, and splenius capitis muscles. 1. nu^chEe supre'ma [BNA], supreme or highest nuchal or curved line of the occipital bone, a line running from the external occipital protuberance toward the external angle, giving attachment to the epicranial aponeurosis. 1. obU'qua [BNA], (i) oblique line, external oblique line; a faint ridge running on the external surface of the body of the mandible from the mental tubercle to the anterior border of the ascending ramus on either side; (2) Sylvian line, a line on the head corresponding to the posterior limb of the Sylvian fissure. 1. pectine^a, (i) continuation of the iliopectineal line on the pubis; (2) a line running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur from the small tro- chanter, giving attachment to the pectineus muscle. 1. poplite'a [BNA], popliteal or oblique line, a line running from the fibular facet downward and inward across the posterior surface of the tibia to the inner border of the bone at the junction of its upper and m.iddle thirds; it gives attachment to fibers of the popliteus muscle. _ 1. semicircula'ris [BNA], Douglas's line, a crescentic line marking the termination of the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle just below the level of the iliac crest. 1. semiluna'ris [BNA], line of Spigelius, the line of junction of the muscular fibers and aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis, marking in a general way the outer border of the sheath of the rectus abdominis; (2) fold of Douglas, 1. semicircularis [BNA]. 1. spiralis* spiral line, 1. intertrochanterica [BNA]. 1. temporalis, temporal line, ridge, or crest; a ridge extending upward, from the external angular process, on each side of the frontal bone, giving attachment to the temporal fascia and marking the limit of attach- ment of the temporal muscle. 1. terfipora'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior temporal line temporal ridge, a curved line on the convex surface of the parietal bone marking the limit of attachment of the temporal m,uscle. 1 . temporalis supe'rior [B N A], superior temporal line, a curved line on the external surface of the parietal bone, above and parallel to the inferior temporal line, serving for the attachment of the temporal fascia. 1. termina'lis, iliopectineal line, 1. arcuata [BNA], a ridge separating the true from the false pelvis. 1. transver'sa, one of a numbet of transverse lines on the abdomen running outward on either side of the linea alba. Line'ville IVtin'eral Springs, Iowa. Saline-sulphureted waters. Used by drinking in chronic constipa- tion, liver disorders, cutaneous diseases, in drop- sical affections due to renal disorders, and other troubles. ling'ism. Ling's* method. Ling*s meth'od [Pier Henrik Ling, Swedish poet and hygienist, 1776—1839.] Swedish gymnastics, gymnastic exercises without the use of apparatus. lingua, gen. Un'guce (ling'gwah) [L.] Tongue, i. A mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane, occup3ring the cavity of the mouth and forming part of its floor, constituting also by its posterior portion the anterior wall of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of its upper surface {dorsum), is marked by numerous projec- tions or papillae (see papilla) . The anterior extremity {apex or Up) is free, the posterior por- tion is attached to the hyoid bone. It is the organ of taste and assists in mastication, deglu- tition, and articulation. 2. One of a number of tongue-like anatomical structures. 3. Language. 1. cerebel'li, lingula cerebelli. 1. frsena'ta, a tongue with a very short frenum, constituting tongue-tie. 1. geograph'ica, geographical tongue. 1, ni'gra, black tongue. 1, plica'ta, furrowed tongue. lingual (ling'gwal) . i . Glossal, relating to the tongue or any tongue-like part. ^j. One of the letters, t, d, the sotmd of which is made with the tip of the tongue. 1. sur'face, the inner surface of a tooth, that which looks toward the tongue; opposed in this sense to buccal.* lingually (ling'gwal-i) . Toward the tongue. Linguatula (ling-gwat'u-lah) [i^,. linguatus, tongued.] Pentastoma. lingula (ling'gu-lah) [L. dim. of lingua, tongue.] A term applied to several tongue-shaped processes, denoting usually, when not qualified, the lingula cerebelli. 1. cerebel'li [BNA], lingua cerebelli, tongue of the cerebellum, the anterior portion of the superior vennis of the cerebellum prolonged forward on the upper surface of the superior medullary velum. 1. mandib'ulae [BNA], man- dibular tongue; a pointed tongue of bone over- lapping the inferior dental foramen, giving attachment to the internal lateral ligament of the jaw. 1. pulmo'nis, a projection from the lower part of the upper lobe of the left lung, on the costal surface just beneath the incisura cardiaca. 1. sphenoida'Iis [BNA], a ridge be- tween the body and ala magna of the sphenoid LINGULA 560 LINT bone, on either side, forming an independent element at birth. linguodistal (ling-gwo-dis'tal) . In dentistry, not- ing the inclination of a tooth, usually a lower bicuspid, distally and toward the tongue. Unguogingival (ling-gwo-jin'jl-val). Relating to the tongue and the gums. 1. fiss'ure, a, fissure sometimes occurring on the lingual surface of one of the upper incisors and extending into the cementum. 1. ridge^ a ridge occurring on the lingual surface, near the gum, of the incisor and cuspid teeth. lin'iment. Embrocation, linimentum.* dry'ing 1., a solution of a medicament in mucilage of traga- canth, dextrin, or starch, with white of egg, which, when applied to the skin, dries» leaving a permanent film, an'odyne 1., linimentum opii. mercu'rial 1., 1. hydrargyri. St. John Long's 1., see St. John Long. Stokes' 1., a liniment very similar to the linimentum terebinthinse aceticum (N.F.). linimen'tum, gen. linimen'ti, pi. Unimen'ta [L. linere, to smear.] Liniment, embrocation; a pharmacopeial preparation, consisting of a solu- tion of a medicament in alcohol, oil, or water applied by friction to the skin. 1. aconi'ti (Br.), aconite liniment; powdered aconite root, 20 ounces, camphor, 1' ounce, percolated with alcohol to make 30 ounces; employed externally in neuralgia. 1. aconi'ti et chlorofor'mi (N.F.), liniment of aconite and chloroform; fiuidextract of aconite 4.5, alcohol 8, chloroform 12.5, soap liniment 75; anodyne applica- tion. 1. £eru'ginis» verdigris liniment, a decoction of ver- digris, vin^ar, and honey, used in veterinary practice as an application to ulcers and sluggish sores.' 1. al'bum, 1. terebinthinse aceticum (N.F.). 1. ammo'nise (U.S., Br.), ammonia liniment, volatile liniment; ammonia water 350, alcohol 50, oleic acid 30, cotton-seed oil 370 (U.S.); solution of ammonia i, almond oil i, olive oil 2 (Br.); rubefacient and counterirritant. 1. ammo' nil iod'idi (N.F.), liniment of ammonium iodide, contains about $ per cent, ammonium iodide with camphor, oil of lavender, and oil of rosemary ; discutient. 1. belladon'nse (U.S., Br.), belladonna liniment; camphor 50, fiuidextract of belladonna root to make 1000 (U.S.); liquid extract of belladonna 10, camphor 1, distilled water 2, alcohol to make 20 (Br.) ; used for neuralgia and rheumatic pains. 1 1. cal'cis (U.S., Br.), lime liniment, Carron oil; solu- tion of lime and linseed oil (olive oil, B.P.), equal parts; used for bums and scalds. 1. campho'rse (U.S., Br.), camphor liniment, cam- phorated oil; camphor 200, cotton-seed oil 800 (U.S.); camphor i, olive oil 4 (Br.); a mild counterirritant. I. campho'r£e ammonia''tum (Br.), ammoniated liniment of camphor, compound camphor liniment; camphor 2^, oil of lavender i , strong solution of ammo- nia 5, alcohol to make 20; rubefacient and anodyne. 1. chlorofor'mi (U.S., Br.), chloroform liniment; chloroform 300, soap liniment 700 (U.S.); chloroform and liniment of camphor, each 2 fluidounces (Br.); anodyne and, when evaporation is prevented, rube- facient. 1. croto'nis (Br.), liniment of croton oil, linimentum tiglii (N.F.) ; croton oil 1, oil of cajuput 3 4, alcohol, 90 per cent., 3^; counterirritant, causing pustulation when repeated. 1. hydrar'gyri (Br.), 1. mercuriale, liniment of mer- cury; ointment of mercury i ounce, strong solution of ammonia 160 minims, liniment of camphor enough to make li fluidounces; applied to syphilitic joints and swellings. 1. io'di, iodine liniment; iodine 12 .5, potassium iodide s, glycerin 3.5, water 6.5, alcohol to make 100; discutient. 1. o'pii (Br.), liniment of opium, anodyne liniment, tincture of opium and soap liniment, of each 2 fluid- ounces; used for rheumatic pains, neuralgia, and sprains. 1. o'pii compos'itum (N.F.), compound liniment of opium, Canada' liniment; contains tincture of opium 10, camphor 1.75, oil of peppermint 2.5, ammonia water 37. S, alcohol 25, turpentine to make 100; anodyne. 1. merctiria'le, 1. hydrargyri. L potas'sii iod'idi cum sapo'ne (Br.), liniment of potassium iodide and soap ; curd soap 2 ounces, potassium iodide i^ ounces, glycerin i fiuidounce, oil of lemon i fluidrachm, distilled water 10 fluidounces; used externally to obtain the systemic effects of potas- sium iodide. L sapona^tocamphora'tum, (N.F.), camphorated soap liniment, solid opodeldoc; a mixture of white castile soap, camphor, oil of thyme, and oil of rosemary in stronger ammonia water and alcohol; anodyne and discutient. 1. sapo'nis (U.S., Br.), soap liniment, camphorated tincture of soap, liquid opodeldoc; soap 60, camphor 45, oil of rosemary 10, alcohol 725, water to make looo (U.S.); soft soap 2 ounces, camphor i ounce, oil of rosemary 3 fluidrachms, alcohol 16 fluidounces, water 4 fluidounces (Br.); employed chiefly as a base for other liniments. I. sapo'nis mol'lis (U.S.), liniment of soft soap, tincture of green soap; soft soap 650, oil of lavender 20, alcohol to make 1000; employed in the treatment of certain skin diseases and as a shampoo. 1. sina'pis (Br.), liniment of mustard; volatile oil of mustard ij fluidrachms, camphor 120 grains, castor oil 5 fluidrachms, alcohol4 fluidounces; counterirritant. 1. sina'pis compos'itum^ compound mustard liniment, wasof&cialin theU.S.P. 1890; camphor 60, fiuidextract of mezereum 200, volatile oil of mustard 30, castor oil 150, alcohol to make 1000; counterirritant. 1. terebin'thinas (U.S., Br.), turpentine liniment; rosin cerate 650, oil of turpentine 350 (U.S.); oil of turpentine 26, camphor 2, soft soap 3, distilled water to make 40 (Br.); employed as a soothing application. 1. terebin'thinse ace'ticum (Br., N.F.), liniment of turpentine and acetic acid, acetic turpentine lini- ment, Stokes' or St. John Long's liniment, I. album; oil of turpentine 4, glacial acetic acid i, liniment of camphor 4 (Br.) ; oil of turpentine 100, oil of lemon 4, acetic acid 20, i egg, rose water 85 (N.F.); counter- irritant. 1. tig'lii (N.F.), liniment of croton oil, 1. crotonis (B.P.). li'nin [L. linum, flax.] r. A bitter glucoside obtained from Linum catharticum. 2. The thread-like, non-staining (achromatic) substance forming the network of the cell-nucleus, containing in its meshes the nucleoplasm. linitis (li-ni'(ne')tis) [G. linon, cloth, -I- -itis.l Inflammation of cell ular tissue, specifically of the perivascular tissue of the stomach. 1. plas'tica, Brinton's disease, chronic sclerosing gastritis. link'age [link, to join together.] The holding together of the multivalent atoms constituting a chain. Linne'an sys'tem [Carolus LinncBUs, or Karl von Linn^, Swedish physician and naturalist, r7o7- 1778.] A system of botanical classification, in which plants are divided into Cryptogamia and Phanerogamia, according as they are without or with stamens and pistils; the latter are divided into 23 classes according to the number and various peculiarities of their stamens. The system is called the artificial system as distin- guished from the natural or Jussieuan* system. lin'seed. Flaxseed, linum.* lint [L. linteum, made of linen.] Charpie, a soft absorbent material used in surgical dressings; it was formerly made by scraping or raveling old linen cloths, now usually in the form of a thick,, loosely woven material, sheet lint or patent lint. LINTIN S6i LIPOMERIA lin'tin. A form of sheet lint made from absorbent cotton. li'num [L.; G. linon, flax.] (U.S-,Br.) Flaxseed, linseed; the ripe seed of Litmm usitaiissimum, a plant cultivated chiefly in Germany, Holland, Ireland, and Russia, the fiber of which is used in the manufacture of linen ; the chief source of flax- seed is Russia. An infusion of flaxseed is em- ployed as a demulcent in catarrhal affections of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, and the ground seeds are used in making poultices. Li^O. Lithium oxide, lithia. lioder'mia [G. leios, smooth, + derma, skin.] Glossy skin. LiOH. Lithium hydroxide. liomyofibro'ma. A mixed lioma, myoma, and fibroma. liomyoma, pi. liomyo'mata, liomyo'mas (li-o-mi-o'- mah) [G. leios, smooth, + mys, muscle, + -oma.] A tumor composed of smooth unstriated muscle fibers. 1. sarcomato'sum, liomyosarcoma. liomyosarcoma (li"o-mi"o-sar-ko'mah). A mixed liomyoma and sarcoma ; a tumor of smooth mus- cle fibers containing imperfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells; liomyoma sar- comatosum. Liouville's ic'terus (le-oo-vel') [Henri Liouville, French physician, 1837-1887.] Icterus neona- torum. lip [A.S. lipptt.'] I. One of the two muscular folds which bound the mouth anteriorly. ;«. Any lip-like structure bounding a cavity or groove; margin, hare-1., see harelip. pseudocoU'oid of the 1., Fordyce's* disease. absence, achilia. adhesion of the iwo, ankylochilia, symphysis labiorum, bleeding, chilorrhagia. cleft, cniloschisis, chilodieresis, harelip, chilognathus, lago- chilus, labium leporinum. eversion, chilectropion, eclabium. groove ia the upper, philtrum. hardness, chilocace. hypertrophy, nmgrochilia, megachilia. inflammation, chilitis. pain, chilalgia, chilodynia. plastic surgery, chiloplasty, labioplasty. small, micro- cbilia. spasm, chilospasmus laDiochorea. * lipacide'mia, lipacidse'inia [G. lipos, fat, -t- L- acidum, acid, -I- G. kaima, blood.] The presence of a fatty acid in the blood. lipacidu'ria [G. lipos, fat, -f- L. acidum, acid + G. ouron, urine.] The presence of fatty acids in the urine. Up'anin. Trade name of a mixture of olive oil, 94 per cent., and oleic acid, 6 per cent.; recom- mended as a substitute for olive oil in doses of Bi-2 (15.0-60.0). liparocele ^p'ar-o-sel) [G. liparos, fatty, -t- kele, tumor, hernia.] i. A fatty tumor of the scrotum. 2. An omental hernia. liparom'phalus [G. liparos, fatty, -I- omphalos, umbilicus.^ A fatty tumor at the umbilicus. lipase (li'paz) [G. lipos, fat, -I- -ase.] A fat-splitting or lipolytic enzyme in the blood, pancreatic secre- tion, and tissues, causing a hydrolytic cleavage of the fat molecule ; steapsin. lipemia, lipaemia (K-pe'mJ-ah) [G. lipos, fat, -I- kaima, blood.] The presence of oil or fat droplets in the blood. • Cphemia, liphsemia (li-fe'mi-ah) [G. lipos, fat, + haima, blood.] Lipemia. Lip'ik, Hungary. Saline-alkaline-iodized-carbon- ated waters, 147'' F. Used by drinking and bathing in scrofula, glandular swellings, gout, rheumatism, and stomach diseases. May i to September 30. lipin (li'pin) [G. lipos, fat.] A comprehensive term including lipoids, soaps, neutral fats, and fatty acids. lipiodine (li-pi'o-din) [G. lipos, fat, + iodine.] The solid form of iodipin (g.».). lipiodol (li-pi'o-dol) [G. lipos, fat, + L. iodum, iodine + oleum, oil.] Iodipin. lipocar'diac [G. lipos, fat, -I- kardia heart.] i. Re- lating to fatty heart. 2 . One suffering from fatty degeneration of the heart. Itpochrome (li'po-krome) [G. lipos, fat, + chroma, color.] A pigmented fatty body, such as lutein, one of the yellowish masses occurring in xanthoma, and also the pigment produced by certain bacteria. lipoclastic (li-po-klas'tik) [G. lipos, fat. + klao, I break.] Lipolytic, fat-splitting.* lipodystrophy (li-po-dis'tro-fl) [Gr. lipos, fat, -I- dystrophy.l Defective fat metabolism, intes'- tinal 1., a disease marked by multiple arthritis, diarrhea (the stools consisting chiefly of fats and fatty acids), and loss of weight and strength; characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lym- phatic tissue. lipoferous (li-pof'er-us) [G. lipos, fat, + L. ferre, to carry.] i. Fat-canying. 2. Sudanophil. lip"ofibro'ma. A mixed fibrous and fatty tumor. lipogen'esis [G. lipos, fat, -I- genesis, production.] The production of fat, either fatty degeneration or fatty infiltration. lipogen'ic. Relating to lipogenesis. lipogenin (lip-oj'en-in). Trade name of a fatty base for ointments. lipogenous (lip-oj'en-us) [G. lipos, fat, -t- gennao, I produce.] Lipogenic, producing fat. lipohe'mia, lipohae'mia. Lipemia. lip'oid [O." lipos, fat, + eidos, form, appearance.] i. Resembling fat. 2. A fat-like substance which is chemically, however, not necessarily related to the fats, and does not form soaps with alka- lies; lecithin and cholesterin are lipoids, aniso- trop'ic 1., a 1. in the form of doubly refractive droplets, isotrop'ic 1., a 1. occurring in the form of singly refractive droplets. li"poide'niia. The presence of lipoids in the blood. lipoidosis (li-poy-do'sis). The pressure of aniso- tropic lipoids in the cells. lipolipoidosis (li"po-li-poy-do'sis). Fatty infiltra- tion, both neutral fats and anisotropic lipoids be- ing present in the cells. lipol'ysis [G. lipos, fat, + lysis, solution.] The splitting up, or chemical decomposition of fat. lipolyt'ic. Relating to or causing lipolysis- lipo'ma, pi. lipo'maia [G. lipos, fat, + -oma.'] A tumor composed of fatty tissue; adipoma. I. arbores'cens, a diffuse subserous fatty accumu- lation in the synovial membrane with hyper- plasia of the villous fringes. 1. caverno'sum, a fatty tumor containing blood spaces resembling those in erectile tissue. 1. du'rum, steatoma. 1. fibro'sum, a fatty tumor with an abundant connective-tissue framework. 1. myxomato'des, a 1. containing an admixture of mucoid tissue, myxolipoma. 1. ossificans, a fatty tumor in which bone formation has occurred. 1. petrif- icans, a calcifying or calcified 1. 1. sarcomato'des, 1. sarcomato'sum, liposarcoma. telangiectat'ic 1., one in which there is an overdevelopment, with dilatation, of the blood-vessels. lipo'matoid [G. lipoma + eidos, appearance.] Resembling a fatty tumor. lipomato'sis. Liposis, an overgrowth of fatty tissue, either local or general. 1. neurot'ica, adiposis dolorosa. lipo'matous. Relating to a lipoma. li"pome'ria [G. leipo, I am lacking, + meros, a LIPOMERIA 562 LIQUC part.] The congenital absence of a limb or other part. lipomyoma, pi. lipomyo'mata, Upomyo'mas (li-po- mi-o'mah) [G. lipos, fat, + mys(myo-) muscle, + -dma.] Leucomyoma, a tumor composed of un- striated muscle fibers containing interspersed fat- globules. lip"omyxo'ma. A tumor having the characters of both a lipoma and a myxoma. lipopeptid (li-po-pep'tid). A compound of fatty acids and amino-acids similar in its properties to the invisible fat in the cells. li"pophre'nla [G. leipo, I am lacking, + phren, mind.] Mental failure. lipoprotein (li-po-pro'te-in). A hypothetical com- pound of protein with a fatty acid. liposarcoma^ pi. liposarcc/maia, liposarco'mas (li"- po-sar-ko'mah) [G. lipos, fat, + sarx, flesh, + -d?na.] A mixed lipoma and sarcoma; a fatty tumor in which many of the cells have been re- placed by imperfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells; lipoma sarcomatosum. lipo'sis [G. lipos, fat.] 1. Lipomatosis, adiposis; abnormal accumulation of fat in any part. 2. Fatty infiltration, the presence of neutral fats in the cells ; see lipoidosis and lipolipoidosis. general 1., obesity. lipos'tomy [G. leipo, I lack, + stoma, mouth.] Congenital absence or smallness of the mouth. lipothym'ia, lipoth'ymy [G. lipothymia, a swoon.] Syncope, fainting. lipothym'ial. Syncopal. lipotrop'ic. Relating to or affected by lipotropy. lipot'ropy [G. lipos, fat, + trope, turning.] Affinity of basic dyes for fatty tissue. lipovaccine (li-po-vak'sen) [G. Upas, fat.] A vac- cine having a vegetable oil, such as olive or almond, as a menstruum; it is claimed that much larger doses can thus be given with less local re- action than when an aqueous vaccine is used. lipox'eny [G. leipo, I leave, + xenos, host.] Deser- tion of the host by a parasite when the develop- ment of the latter is nearly or quite complete. lipp'ing. The formation of a lip-like structure. llpp'itude, lippitu'do [L. lippus, blear-eyed.] Bleph- aritis with a gummy secretion causing adhesion of the tarsal margins; blear-eye. Lippspringe, Prussia (lip'spring-eh). Alkaline- saline-carbonated ' waters, 70° F. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic tuberculosis, asthmatic affections, bronchial catarrh, chronic unabsorbed pleuritic exudations, diseases of the intestines, and bone diseases. May 15 to Sep- tember 15. lip-re'flex. A pouting movement of the lips provoked in young infants by tapping near the angle of the mouth. lipu'ria [G. lipos, fat, + ouron, urine.] The excre- tion of fat in the urine. Uquefacient (lik"we-fa'shent) [L. liquere, to be fluid, + facere, to make.] i. Making liquid, causing a solid to become liquid. 2. Noting an agent supposed to cause the resolution of a solid tumor by liquefying its contents ; resolvent. liquefaction (lik-we-fak'shun). The act of becoming liquid ; change from a solid to a liquid form. liquefac'tive. Relating to liquefaction, liquefacient. liquescent (H-kwes'ent) [L. liquescere, to become liquid.] Becoming or tending to become liquid, deliquescent. liqueur (ll-k6r') [Fr.] A cordial ; a spirit containing sugar and aromatics. liquid (Hk'wid) [L. liquidus.] i. Flowing. 2. An .inelastic fluid, like water, which is neither solid nor gaseous. 1. air, etc., air or other gas whi by means of cold and pressure has been redu to a liquid form. Liquidam'bar. A genus of trees of the witch-ha family, H amamelidacecE. L, orienta'lis, the sou of storax, or gum storax. L. styracif'lua, source of sweet-gum or liquidambar. liquiritia (lik-wir-ish'yah) [a corruption of glyc rhisa.] Licorice. liquor (lik'er). Any liquid or fluid, especiallj preserving fluid such as brine, or a distilled al holic beverage, such as brandy, gin, or whisk malt 1., a beverage brewed from malt, such beer or ale. spir'ituous 1., a strong alcohc liquor obtained by distillation, such as whisk Villate's' 1., mistura adstringens et escharoti vi'nous 1., wine. liquor, gen. liquo^ris, pi. liquo'res (li'kwor) [L.] Solution, the pharmacopeial term for any aquec solution (not a decoction or infusion) of a n< volatile substance; the B.P. includes aquec solutions of gases among the liquores. 2. A liquid or fluid. 1. am'nii, the fluid within ( amniotic sac in which the fetus is bathed, 1 contents of the bag of waters. 1, cho'rii, 1 liquid between the amnion and chorion in 1 early part of pregnancy, the false waters. cor'neas, the fluid in the corneal lymph spac 1. Cotun'nii, perilymph. 1. enter'icus, the testinal juice. 1. follic'uli, fluid in the Graafi follicle between the two cellular layers surroui ing the ovum. 1. gas'tricus, the gastric juii 1. Morgagn'ii, the thin layer of fluid between t crystalline lens and its capsule. 1. pancreat'ici the digestive fluid of the pancreas. 1. pericarp the serous fluid in the pericardial sac. 1. pu'i the serous portion of pus. 1. san'guinis, the bloc plasma. 1. Scar'pse, the endolymph. 1. sen inis, the serous portion of the seminal fluid. I. acidi arseno'si (U.S.), solution of aisenous ac 1. arsenici hydrochloricus (Br.), hydrochloric soluti of arsenic; arsenic trioxide 10, dilute hydrochloric a< SO (strong hydrochloric acid 12J, B.P.), distill water to make 1000; dose, TlJJa— 5 (0.13-0.5). 1. acidi chro'mici (Br.), a solution of approximab chromic acid, i , in water, 3 ; employed as an escharo in condylomata and lupus, and well diluted as a wa in bromidrosis. 1. acidi chro'mo-ace'to-os'mici, Fleming's solutit a mixture of glacial acetic acid 100 and osmic acid 8 water 400, with chromic acid 15 in water 1500; used histology for fixing specimens and as an injection cancerous growths. 1. adhesiVus, filmogen, 1. alu'mini aceta'tis (N.F.), solution of alumim acetate, liquor Burowii, Burow's solution; lead aceta 150, aluminum sulphate, 8s, are dissolved each in wai SOD, then mixed, and the clear solution siphoned off. 1. alu'mini subaceta'tis (N.F.), solution of alumim subacetate; contains about 8 per cent, of fiasic alu inum acetate; astringent and antiseptic, employ externally. 1. alu'mini ace''ticotartTa'tus (N.F.), solution aluminum aceticotartrate; contains about 50 per cei of this substance; astringent and antiseptic, employ externally. 1. ammo'nise (Br.), solution of ammonia, aq anunonire (U.S.). 1. ammo'nia: for'tis (Br.) strong solution of ammon contains 32.5 per cent, by weight of ammonia; aq ammoniiE fortior (U.S.). 1. ammo'nii aceta'tis (U.S. and Br.), solution ammonium acetate, spirit of Mindererus; ammoniv carbonate s, diluted acetic acid 100, contains 7 i cent, of ammonium acetate, diaphoretic, diuretic, a refrigerant, in doses of 3i-4 (4.0-16,0). I. ammo'nii aceta'tis concentra'tus, concentrat solution of ammonium acetate, about three times t LIQUOR 563 LIQUOR ' strength of the U.S.P. solution; diaphoretic, diuretic, and refrigerant, in dose of 5i (4-o). 1. ammo'nii anisa'tus, anisated solution of ammonia, a preparation of the German pharmacopeia; anethol (the active principle of oil of anise) i, ammonia water 5, alcohol 24; carminative and nerve sedative in doses of TI)!is-6o (1.0-4.0). 1. ammo'nii citra'tis (N.F. and Br.), solution of am- monium citrate; ammonium carbonate 87.5, citric acid 125, distilled water to make 1000; diuretic and diaphor- etic in doses of 54-8 (15 .0-30 .0). 1. ammo'nii citra'tis for'tior, stronger solution of am- monium citrate; contains ammonium citrate gr. 40 (2.6) to the fluidrachm (4.0); refrigerant and diuretic in doses of njis-ao (i .0-2 .0). 1. am'nii, amniotic fluid; a liquid secreted by the amniotic membrane, which surrounds the fetus and protects it from injury. 1. andrograph'idis concentra'tus (B.A.), concentrated solution of andrographis; andrographis i, 20 per cent, alcohol 2; dose 3i— i (2.0-4.0). 1. antigermina'rius, germicide solution; contains thy- mol 1 .6 per cent., oil of eucalyptus and oil of lavender each 6 per cent., in a hydroalcoholic solution. 1. antisep'ticus (N.F.), antiseptic solution; boric acid 25, th5>-mol I, eucalyptol 5, methyl salicylate 1.2, oil of thyme 0.3, menthol i, sodium salicylate r.2, sodium benzoate 6, alcohol 300, water to make 1000; employed as a mouth wash, as a douche in uterine and vaginal diseases, and internally in gastric fermentation in doses of 3^-2 (2.0-8.0). 1. antisep'ticus alkali'nus (N.F.). alkaline antiseptic solution; contains potassium bicarbonate 32, sodium benzoate 8, sodium borate 32, thymol 0.2, eucalyptol o .2, oil of peppermint . 2, methyl salicylate o . 4, cud- bear 2, alcohol 60, glycerin 150, magnesium carbon- ate 10, water to make 1000. 1. aristolo'chiEe concentra'tus (B.A.), concentrated solution of aristolochia ; i part in 2 of 20 per cent, alcohol; dose 3i— 2 (2.0--8.0). 1. arse'ni bro'midi, 1. arsenicalis, Clemens: 1. arse'ni et hydra^gyri io'didi (U.S.), 1. arsenii, etc. (Br.), Donovan's solution, contains arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide, i per cent, each; employed in the treatment of syphilides in dose of Tlpi-3 (0.06-0.2). 1. arsenica'Us (Br.), 1. potassU arsenitis (IJ. S.). 1, arsemca''iis> Clem'ens (N.F.), solution of potassium arsenate and bromide, solution of bromide of arsenic, Clemens' solution; a solution containing the equivalent of I per cent, arsenic trioxide (arsenous acid) and | per cent, bromine; alterative and antidiabetic in doses of 152-4 (0.13-0.26). 1. arsen'ici broma'tus* 1. arseni- bromatus, Clemen's solution of arsenic bromide or of bromine arsenite, a .solution of potassium arsenate and potassium bromide, employed in diabetes mellitus and epilepsy, in doses of UBi-S (0.06-0.3). 1. arsen'ici hydrochlo'ricus (Br.), hydrochloric solu- tion of arsenic, 1. acidi arsenosi (U.S.). 1. atropi'nse sulpha'tis (Br.), solution of atropine sulphate; atropine sulphate 17^ grains, salicylic acid 2 grains, distilled water 4 fluidounces; dose, Tl])i— 2 (0.06-0.13). 1. au'ri et arse'ni bro'midi (N.F.), solution of bromide of gold and arsenic; one ounce (30.0) contains gold tribromide gr. i^ (o.i) and the equivalent of gr. 4 (0.25) of arsenic tribromide; antisyphilitic and anti- diabetic in doses of TT]j2-4 (0.13-0.25). 1. bismu'thi (N.F.), solution of bismuth, liquid bismuth; one ounce (30.0) contains bismuth and so- dium tartrate gr. 15 (i.o), dissolved in glycerin, alcohol, and water; gastric sedative in dose of 3 1 (4 - o) . 1, bismu'thi et ammo'nU citra'tis (Br.), solution of bismuth and ammonium citrate, liquid bismuth; bismuth oxynitrate, 613 grains, potassium citrate 613 grains, potassium carbonate 175 grains, nitric acid i fluidounce, solution tJf ammonia and distilled water equal parts to make i pint; contains 5 grains of bismuth citrate ( = 3 grains bismuth oxide) to the fluidrachm; employed in diarrhea in doses of 34— t (2,0-4.0). 1. bro'mi (N.P.), Smith's solution of bromine; con- tains bromine 25, and potassium bromide 12.5, in water xoo; employed externally as an antiseptic, and as a test reagent. 1. Burowii "(boo-ro've-i), 1. alumini acetatis. I. cal'cis (U.S., Br.), solution of calcium hydroxide, solution of lime,, lime water; lime 12, slake with water 360, decant andad.d to the residue distilled water 3600 (U.S.) ; wash calcium hydroxide 2 ounces, to free from chlorides, then add distilled water i gallon (Br.); ant- acid in doses of 5 4-i (15.0-30.0). 1. cal'cis chlorina'tffi (Br.), solution of chlorinated lime; chlorinated lime i pound, distilled water i gallon, shake and filter; deodorizer; recommended internally as an antidote to hydrocyanic acid in doses of 3i-i (2.0-4.0). 1. cal'cis sacchara'tus (Br.), saccharated lime water; calcium hydroxide i, distilled water 19, syrup 3; used for the same purposes as 1. calcis in doses of n]!2o-6o (1.3-4.0). ^ 1. cal'cis sulphura'tae (N.F.), solution of sulphurated lime, Vleminckx's lotion or solution; prepared by boil- ing together freshly slaked lime and sublimed sulphur in water; employed externally in skin diseases. I. calum'bse concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solu- tion of calumba; coarsely powdered calumba root 10 ounces, alcohol 4^ fluidounces, water 20 fluidounces; dose, 34-"i (2.0—4.0). 1. caou'tchouc (Br.), a solution of rubber i ounce, in carbon disulphide and benzene each 10 fluidounces; used to form rubber skin as a protection to the surgeon's hand in examining pus cavities and at autopsies, and as a substitute for, collodion in abrasions of the skin. 1. carbo'nis deter'gens, trade name for an alcoholic preparation containing phenol. l.''carmi'nffi (N.F.), solution of carmine, contains about gr. 30 (2.0) in gi (32.0); used a& a coloring agent. 1. chira'tffi concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of chiretta; powdered chiretta 10, percolated with 20 per cent, alcohol 25; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0), I. chlo'ri compos'itus (N.F.), compound solution of chlorine, Davy's yellow fluid; potassium chlorate 3, S, hydrochloric acid 10, distilled water to make 1000; employed as a disinfectant gargle in diphtheria, etc., and internally in intestinal decomposition in doses of 3^-1 (2. 0-4.0). 1. coc'ci (N.F.), cochineal solution, cochineal color; contains cochineal, alum, potassium carbonate, and potassium bitartrate in nearly equal parts of glycerin and water with a little alcohol; used as a coloring agent. 1. concentra'tus, a preparation of the B.P. intended for use in making one of the official infusions and de- coctions by diluting with nine parts of water. I. coscin'ii concentra'tus (B.A.), concentrated solu- tion of coscinium; dose, n]j3o-6o (2,0-4.0). 1. creso'lis compos'itus (U.S.), compound solution of cresol; cresol 500, linseed oil 350, potassium hydroxide 80, water to make 1000; employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant app'ication in uterine, vaginal, and vesical diseases and in surgical dressings. 1. cuspa'riEe concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solu- tion of cusparia; powdered cusparia 10, percolated with 20 per cent, alcohol 25; dose, 3^-i (2.0-4.0). 1. electropce'icus, battery fluid; there were formerly in the N.F. three of these fluids: two of different strengths, for the carbon and zinc battery, containing sodium dichromate and sulphuric acid; one for the Leclanch^ battery, containing ammonium chloride. 1. epispas'ticus (Br.), blistering liquid, made by percolating powdered cantharides i, with acetic ether q.s. to make 2. 1. epispas'ticus mylab'ridis (B.A.), blistering liquid of mylabris, prepared as the preceding, substituting mylabris for cantharides. 1. eth'yl nitri'tis (Br.), solution of ethyl nitrite; ethyl nitrite (obtained by the interaction of alcohol, sodium nitrite, and diluted sulphuric acid) 3, absolute alcohol 95, glycerin 3; employed as a substitute for spiritus EEtheris nitrosi in doses of TfJj2o-6o (i .3-4,0). 1. extrac'ti glycyrrhi'zBe, solution of extract of licorice; a 25 per cent, solution in water containing alcohol and glycerin; a flavoring agent. 1. fer'ri aceta'tis (N.P., Br.), solution of ferric acetate; solution of ferric sulphate 2^ fluidounces, solution of ammonia 4 fluidounces, liquified' glacial acetic acid li fluidounces, distilled water to make r imperial pint; a LIQUOR S64 LIQUOR red liquid of sour taste, employed as an astringent chalybeate in doses of TlJJs-io (0.3-0.6). 1. fer'ri albumina'ti (N.F.), solution of albuminate of iron; made by precipitating oxychloride of iron with egg albumin and sodium hydroxide solution and dis- solving in water, alcohol, and aromatic elixir; hematinic in dose of 3 2 (8.0) containing gr. J of iron. 1. fer'ri chlo'ridi (U.S.), solution of ferric chloride 1. ferri perchloridi fortis (Br.); iron wire 125, hydro- chloric acid 680, nitric acid and distilled water, equal parts, to make 1000; local astringent and hemostatic; internal dose ; TIB 1-3 (0.06-0.2). 1. fer'ri citra'tis (N.F.), solution of ferric citrate, pre- pared by adding citric acid to a solution of ferric sul- phate; dose, Tijjio (0.6). 1. fer'ri dialysa'tus, dialyzed iron, solution of oxy- chloride of iron, made by saturating an aqueous solu- tion of ferric chloride with ferric hydroxide, putting the solution in a dialyzer, and renewing the outside water until it no longer acquires an acid reaction; water is then added to the solution to make it one of 5 per cent, strength; dose, HPio-so (0.6-2.0). I. fer'ri et ammo'nii aceta'tis (U.S.), solution of iron and ammonium acetate, Basham's mixture; tincture of ferric chloride 40, diluted acetic acid 60, solution of ammonium acetate 500, aromatic elixir 120, glycerin 120, water to make 1000; this is much stronger than the preparation of the same name in the U.S.P. 1890; chalybeate and diuretic, employed in the anemia of chronic Bright's disease, in doses of 32-4 (8.0-16.0). 1. fer'ri hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), solution of hypo- phosphite of iron; contains 16 per cent, ferric hj^o- phosphite in glycerin and water; alterative and hema- tinic in doses of TFJJ 10-20 (0.6-1 .3). 1. fer'ri io'didi, solution of iodide of iron, contains 85 per cent, ferrous iodide; tonic and alterative in doses of 11EI-3 (0 .06-0 .2). 1. fer'ri nitra'tis (N.F.), solution of ferric nitrate, pre- pared by adding nitric acid and ammonia water to a solution of ferric sulphate; dose, nps (0 3). 1. fer'ri oxychlo'ridi (N.F.), solution of ferric oxy- chloride of 3.5 per cent, strength; similar to dialyzed iron. 1, fer'ri ozysulpha'tis (N.F.), solution of oxysulphate of iron; an aqueous solution of basic ferric sulphate, prepared by heating together nitric acid and ferrous sulphate. 1. fer'ri peptona'ti (N.F.), solution of peptonate of iron; contains the equivalent of 0.65 percent, metallic iron in the form of peptonate in a flavored hydrochloric solution; employed in anemia in dose of 3 2 (8.0). 1. fer'ri peptona'ti et man'gani (N.F.), solution of peptonate of iron with manganese; contains the equiv- alent of 0.4 per cent, metallic iron, and 0.2 per cent, metallic manganese; chalybeate tonic in dose of 32 (8.0), 1. fer'ri perchlo'ridi (Br.), solution of perchloride of Iron; one part of the strong solution to four parts of water; astringent chalybeate in doses of 1155-15 (0.3-1.0). 1. fer'ri perchlo'ridi for'tls (Br.), strong solution of perchloride of iron, or of ferric chloride; practically the same as 1. ferri chloridi (U.S.) though not quite so strong, 1. fer'ri pernitra'tis (Br.), solution of ferric nitrate; iron wire i ounce, nitric acid 4^ fluidounces, distilled water to make 30 fluidounces; employed as an astrin- gent externally, and also internally in doses of UPs-io (0.3-0.6). 1. fer'ri persulpha'tis (Br.), solution of the persul- phate of iron; ferrous sulphate 16, sulphuric acid ij, nitric acid t^-, water to make 22; styptic. 1. fer'ri protochlo'ridi (N.F.), solution of proto- chloride of iron; contains about 30 per cent, ferrous chloride; astringent chalybeate tonic in dose TIJlS-is (0.5-X.0). 1. fer'ri salicyla'tus (N.F.), solution of ferric salicy- late, salicylated mixture of iron, composed of sodium salicylate 125, tincture of ferric citrochloride 12S1 ammonium carbonate 6 . 5, citric acid 8 . 5, methyl salicylate 2, glycerin 175, distilled water to make rooo; dose, 32 C8.0). 1. fer'ri Bubsulpha'tis (U.S.), solution of ferric subsul- phate or of basic ferric sulphate, Monsel's solution; ferrous sulphate 67s. sulphuric acid 65, nitric acid and distilled water, equal parts, to make 1000; styptic, employed locally; internal dose ITRs-io (0.3-0.6). 1. fer'ri tersulpha'tis (U.S.), solution of ferric sulphate or of normal ferric sulphate; ferrous sulphate 500, sulphuric acid 96, nitric acid and distilled water, equal parts, to make 1000; somewhat stronger than the preparation of the same name in the U.S.P. 1890; used for the same purposes as the solution of ferric subsul- phate, but is more irritating. 1. fonnaldehy'di (U.S.), solution of formaldehyde, formol, formalin, a 37 per cent, aqueous solution cf formaldehyde; employed as a preservative and antisep- tic and in the form of vapor for disinfecting. 1. gut'tffi per'chse (N.F.), solution of gutta percha; gutta percha is, in chloroform 100. 1. hamameridis (Br.), solution of witch hazel; fresh leaves s, water 10, 90 per cent, alcohol i, distilled one half; employed locally as a hemostatic and locally or by injection in hemiorrhoids. 1. hydrar'gyri et potas'sii io'didi (N.F.), solution of iodide of mercury and potassium, Channing's solution; red mercuric iodide i, potassium iodide 0.8, distilled water 100; antisyphilitic and alterative in doses of TIB2-4 (0.13-0.26). I. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis (N.F.), solution of mercuric nitrate or of pemitrate of mercury, 1. hydrargyri nitratis acidus (Br.), acid solution of nitrate of mercury; red mercuric oxide 40, nitric acid 45, distilled water 15; used as a caustic application in cancer, lupus, warts, etc. 1. hydrar'gyri ni'trici oxydula'ti, solution of mercu- rous nitrate; mercurous nitrate 100, nitric acid 15, distilled water 885- 1. hydrar'gyri perchlo'ridi (Br.), solution of mercuric chloride, or of corrosive sublimate; mercuric chloride 10 grains, distilled water 20 ounces; dose, HJis-ao (1.0—2 .0). 1. hydrasti'nsB compos'itus (N.F.), compound solu- tion of hydrastine, colorless hydrastine solution; hy- drastine hydrochloride 3, aluminum chloride 3, cal- cium chloride 3, magnesium chloride 3, potassium chloride i, glycerin 500, water to make 1000; dose, 3i (40). 1. hydrogen'ii dioz'idi (U.S.), solution of hydrogen peroxide, or dioxide; a ten- volume solution, containing not less than 3 per cent, by weight of hydrogen dioxide; formerly official under the title, aqua hydrogenii dioxidi. 1. hypophosphi'tum (N.F.), solution of hypophos- phites; each dose of 3 i (4.0) contains calcium hypo- phosphite gr. 2 (0.13), sodium hypophosphite gr. i\ (0.08), potassium hypophosphite gr. i (0.06), with 0.6 per cent, of hypophosphorous acid; alterative and tonic. 1. hypophosphi'tum compos'itus (N.F.), compound solution of hypophosphites; each dose of 3 i (4-o) contains calcium and potassium hypophosphites each gr. i (0.03), sodium, manganese, and quinine hypo- phosphites each gr. i (o . 008) , iron hypophosphite gr. i (0.015), aiid strychnine gr. ^Jts (0.00024); alterative and tonic. 1. hypoph'ysis (U.S.), solution of the hypophysis cere- bri or pituitary gland, a colorless liquid containing the water-soluble principles of the posterior lobe of the fresh pituitary gland of cattle; vasoconstrictor and oxytocic in doses of 11515 (i .0). 1. io'di caus'ticus» caustic solution of iodine, Church- ill's iodine caustic ; iodine 25, potassium iodide 50, water 100; counterirritant and caustic. 1. io'di compos'itus (U.S.), compound solution of iodine, Lugol's solution; iodine 5, potassium iodide 10, distilled water to make 100; dose, TIJ3-6 (0.2-0.4). 1. io'di for'tls (Br.), strong solution of iodine; iodine S, potassium iodide 3, distilled water 5, 90 per cent, alcohol 36. 1. io'di phenola'tus (N.F.), carbolized solution of iodine, French mixture, Boulton's solution; a mixture of compound solution of iodine 1.5, solution of phenol 0.6, glycerin 16,0, water to make 100; employed ex- ternally as an antiseptic and counterirritant. 1. lorame'rise concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of krameria; powdered krameria 10, perco- lated with 20 percent, alcohol 2S; dose, 34-i (2.0-4.0)* LIQUOR 565 L magne'sii bro'mtdi, solution of magnesium brom- ide; each dose of 5i (4-o) contains gr. 7J (o-S) of this salt flavored with orange syrup; cerebrospinal depres- sant. 1. magne'sii carbona'tis (Br.), solution of magnesium carbonate, fluid magnesia; contains magnesium car- bonate 10 grains in each fluidounce of carbonic-acid water; dose 5 1-2 (30.0-60.0). 1. magne'sii citra'tis (U.S.), solution of magnesium citrate, effervescent citrate of magnesia; magnesium carbonate is, citric acid 33, syrup of citric acid 60, crystallized potassium bicarbonate 2.5, distilled water to make 360; dose 1 bottle or 5 12 (360.0). 1. magne'sii sulpha'tis efferves'cens (N.F.), efferves- cent solution of magnesium sulphate; purgative in dose of 3i2 (360.0), or i bottle, containing 36 (25.0) of this salt. 1. morphi'nse aceta'tis (Br.), solution of morphine acetate; morphine acetate 17^ grains, diluted acetic acid 38 minims, 90 per cent, alcohol i fluidounce, dis- tilled water to make 4 fluidounces; dose H]} 15-30 (t. 0-2.0). I. morphi'nse citra'tis, solution of morphine citrate; containing gr. 15 (r .0) to Bi (30.0) in a solution colored with cochine 1; dose, itkS (0.3). 1. morphi'iiEe hydrochlo'ridi (Br.), solution of mor- phine hydrochloride; morphine hydrochloride 17^ grains, diluted hydrochloric acid 38 minims, 90 per cent, alcohol i fluidounce, distilled water to make 4 fluidounces; dose, TIBis-30 (1.0-2.0). 1. morphi'nEe hypoder'micus, hypodermic solution of morphine, Magendie's solution; morphine sulphate 3 .3, salicylic acid o.i, distilled water 100; dose, njs (0.3). 1. morphi'ns tartra'tis (Br.), solution of morphine tartrate; morphine tartrate 17^ grains, 90 per cent, alcohol I fluidounce, distilled water to make 4 fluid- ounces; dose, npi5-3o(i .0-2.0). 1. pancreati'm (N.F.), pancreatic solution; each dose of 3 1 (4 - o). contains pancreatin gr. i (o . 06) in a 2 5 per cent, glycerin solution flavored with compound tincture of cardamom; intestinal digestive. 1. pancre'atis (Br.), pancreatic solution; finely divided pancreas from the pig i, 20 per cent, alcohol 4 , macerate for seven days and filter; contains the amyl- olytic and proteolytic properties of the pancreatic secretion; dose, 3i-2 (4.0-8.0). 1. pepsi'ni (N.F.), liquid pepsin; each dose of 52 (8.0) contains pepsin gr. J (0.03) and hydrochloric acid HJii (o«o8) in a 34 per cent, glycerin solution; digestive. 1. pepsi'nce antisep'ticus (N.F.), antiseptic solution of pepsin; composed of pepsin 50, menthol 0.5, eucalyp- tol 0.5, methyl salicylate 0.5. alcohol 10, glycerin 50, diluted hydrochloric acid 20, distilled water to make 1000. I. pepsi'ni aromaficus (N.F.), aromatic solution of pepsin; each dose of 3 a (8.0) contains pepsin gr. 2 (0.13) and hydrochloric acid TIJJi^ (0.08) in 25 per cent, glycerin solution flavored with alkpice, cinnamon, and cloves; digestive. 1. phospha'tum ac^idus (N.F.), acid solution of phosphates, acid phosphates; obtained by treating bone ash with sulphuric acid and filtering; employed in rickets and osteomalacia in dose of 5^ (S.o). 1. phospha'tum compos'itus (N.F.), compound solu- tion of phosphates; precipitated calcium carbonate 70, ferric phosphate 35, ammonium phosphate 35, potas- sium bicarbonate 8, sodium bicarbonate 8, citric acid 164, glycerin 375, phosphoric acid 140, orange-fiower water 250, distilled water to make 1000. 1. phos'phori (N.F,), solution of phosphorus, Thomp- son's solution; a solution of phosphorus o . 07 , in absolute alcoho* and glycerin 100. o, flavored with peppermint; nerve tonic in dose of TIJio (0.6), con- taining phosphorus gr, tJti (o . 0004) . I. pi'cis alkali^nus (N.F.), alkaline solution of tar, containing tar 25, potassium hydroxide 12.5, water 62,5; employed externally in dermatology. 1. pi'cis carbo'nis (N.F., Br.), coal-tar solution, con- taining prepared coal-tar (pix carbonis), i, in tincture of quillaria, 5; employed externally in various skin diseases. LIQUOR I. plum'bi lacta'tis, a mixture of one part 1. plumbi subacetatis in from 9 to 15 of milk, 1. plum'bi subaceta'tis (U.S.), 1. plum'bi subaceta'tls for'tis (Br.), solution of lead subacetate, strong solution of lead subacetate, Goulard's extract; lead acetate 180, lead oxide no, distilled water to make 1000; employed locally well diluted for bruises and sprains. 1. plum'bi subaceta^'tis dilu'tus (U.S., Br.), diluted solution of lead subacetate, lead water; solution of lead subacetate 40, in distilled water loco (U.S.); strong solution of lead subacetate 2 fluidrachms, 90 per cent, alcohol 2 fluidrachms, distilled water 191^^ fluidounces (Br.); external application to bruises and sprains. 1. potas'sse (Br., and U.S. 1890), solution of potassa, 1. potassii hydroxidi (U.S.); contains 5.85 per cent, of potassium hydroxide. 1. potas'sse chlorina'tse (N.F.), solution of chlorinated potassa, Javelle water; an aqueous solution of chlorin- ated potassa employed as a disinfectant, deodorant, and bleaching fluid. 1. potas''5ii arseni'tis (U.S.), 1. arsenicalis (Br.), solu- tion of potassium arsenite, arsenical solution, Fowler's solution ; powdered arsenic trioxide 1 o , potassium bicarbonate 20, distilled water 1000; a convenient means of administering arsenic ; dose, HJi-s (0.06-0.3). 1, potas'sii citra'tis (U.S.), solution of potassium citrate; citric acid 6, water 50; potassium bicarbonate 8, water 50; mix the two solutions and bottle before effervescence has quite ceased; diaphoretic, diuretic, and refrigerant in doses of B-J—i (15.0-30.0). 1. potas'sii hydrox'idi (U.S.), solution of potassium hydroxide, 1. potassae (Br., and U.S. 1890); potassium hydroxide 60, distilled water 940; slightly diuretic, also employed to still the pains of gastric acidity in doses of n])io-3o (0.6-2.0). 1. potas'sii permangana'tis (Br.), solution of potas- sium permanganate, a one per cent, solution; dose 32-4 (8.0-16.0). 1. quas'siae concentra'tus (Br.)» concentrated solu- tion of quassia; powdered quassia 2, percolated with 20 per cent, alcohol 20; dose 3^—1 (2.0-4.0). I, rhe'i concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of rhubarb; powdered rhubarb 10, percolated with 20 per cent, alcohol 20; dose 3^i (2.0-4.0). 1. sacchari'iii, solution of saccharin; 7 per cent, strength in alcohol as. water 75; used for sweetening in place of sugar. 1. sar'sse compos'itus concentra'tus (Br.), concen- trated compound solution of sarsaparilla; sarsaparilla 3o, sassafras 2, guaiac 2, liquorice root 2, mezereon bark i; 90 per cent, alcohol 4^, distilled water to make 20; dose 3a-4 (8.0-16.0). I. sen'egse concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of senega; senega powder 10, percolated with 25 of a mixture of i part 45 per cent, alcohol and 2 parts 20 percent, alcohol; dose 3i-i (2.0-4.0). I. sen'nro concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of senna; senna in powder 20, percolated and reperco- lated with water to make 16, to which are added 90 per cent, alcohol 2, and tincture of ginger 2J; dose 3f-i (2.0-4.0). L serip'arus [L. whey-producing], liquid rennet; a 10 per cent, solution of fresh calves' rennet with sodium chloride 4 per cent, and alcohol 18 per cent.; used as a digestant and for curdling milk. 1. serpenta'riae concentra'tus (Br.), concentrated solution of serpentary; powdered serpentary 10, perco- lated with 20 per cent, alcohol 25, dose 3i~-i (2 .0-4.0). 1. so'd£e (U.S. 1890), 1. sodii hydroxidi. I. 8o'd£e chlorina'tse (U.S., Br.), solution of chlorin- ated soda , Labarraque's solution ; monohy drated sodium carbonate 65, chlorinated lime 90, water to make 1000; disinfectant, deodorant, used as an anti- septic application to ulcers, and given internally as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of n)l2o-3o (1.3-2.0). I, so'dse et men'thse (N.F.), solution of soda and mint, replacing the mistura sodae et menthee of the previous edition of the N.F.; sodium bicarbonate so, aromatic spirit of ammonia 10, spearmint or pepper- mint water to make 1000; dose, 32 (8.0). 1. so'dii arsena'tis (U.S. and Br.), solution of sodium LIQUOR 56& LIQUOR arsenate, contains i per cent, sodium arsenate; dose, TIJi-s Co. 06-0. 3). I, so'dii arsena'tis, Pear'son (N.F.), Pearson's solu- tion of sodium arsenate; a 4 per cent, solution of crystallized sodium arsenate, ^ the strength of liquor sodii arsenatis (U.S. P.); alterative in doses of Ms-4 (0.13-0.26). 1. so'dii bora'tis compos'itus (N.F.), compound solu- tion of sodium borate, Dobell's solution; contains so- dium borate and sodium bicarbonate each 1.5, phenol 0.3, glycerin 3.5, distilled water to make 100; an alkaline antiseptic solution. 1. so'dii carbola'tis, solution o£ sodium carbolate; contains 50 per cent, phenol and 3 . 5 per cent, so- dium hydroxide in aqueous solution; deodorant and disinfectant. 1. so'^dii chlo'ridi physiolog'icus (U.S.), physiological salt solution,* of the strength of 8 .5 grams in 1000 mils (cubic centimeters) of distilled water. 1. so'dii citra'tis (N.F.), solution of sodium citrate, potio Rivierii; citric acid, 2, sodium bicarbonate 2.5. water 100; diaphoretic and diuretic in doses of 32 (8.0). 1. so'dil citrotartra'tis efferves'cens (N.F.) , effer- vescent solution of sodium citrotartrate, tartrocitric lemonade; an effervescent solution of sodium tartrate containing some citric acid and syrup; laxative and refrigerant in doses of §12 (360.0), one bottle. 1. so'dii ethyla'tis (Br.), solution of sodium ethylate or alcoholate; sodium 22 grains, dissolved in abso- lute alcohol I fluidounce; employed externally as a caustic. 1. so'dii glycerophospha'tis (U.S.), solution of sodium glycerophosphate, or glycerinophosphate ; a yellowish syrupy liquid, containing not less than 50 per cent, of the anhydrous salt; dose, iib6 Co.3S)- 1. so'dii hydrox'idi (U.S.), 1. sodae (U.S. 1890), solu- tion of sodium hydroxide, solution of caustic soda; sodium hydroxide 56, distilled water 944; used for the same purpose as 1. potassii hydroxidi. 1. so'dii olea'tis, solution of sodium oleate or of soap; white castile soap gr. 30 (i.o), water 5i (30.0); used in the preparation of oleates. I, so'dii phospha'tis compos'itus (N.F.), compound solution of sodium phosphate; sodium phosphate 1000, citric acid 130, glycerin 150, distilled water to make 1000; laxative in doses of 52 (8.0). 1. so'dii sillca'tis, solution of sodium silicate, liquid glass, a transparent syrupy fluid; employed in surgery in applying fixed dressings and splints. 1. strychni'nse aceta'tis (N.F,), solution of strychnine acetate. Hall's solution of strychnine; strychnine, acetate gr. i (0.6) in water 5 1 (3 o ■ o) i with acetic acid and alcohol, colored red; dose TT]J8— 15 (0.5-1.0). 1. strychni'nse hydrochlo'ridi (Br,), solution of strych- nine hydrochloride ; strychnine hydrochloride 1 7 J grains, 90 per cent, alcohol i fluidounce, distilled water 3 fluidounces; dose, ll]j2-8 (0.13-0.5)- 1. thyroid'ei (Br.), thyroid solution, thyroid extract, a liquid extract of the thyroid gland of the sheep; employed in myxedema, cretinism, and various dis- turbances of metabolism in doses of TiPs-is (0.3-r.o). 1. tinos'porEe concentra'tus (B.A.), concentrated solution of tinospora or gulancha; dose, TTj;3o-6o (2 . 0-4 . o) . 1. todda'liEe concentra'tus (B.A.), concentrated solution of toddalia or of lopez-root; stomachic tonic in doses of 3i— i (2.0-4.0). 1. trinitri'ni (Br.), solution of nitroglycerin, spiritus glycerylis nitratis (U.S.). 1. zin'ci cblo'ridi (U.S., Br.), solution of zinc chlor- ide, Burnett's solution; zinc 240, hydrochloric acid 840, nitric acid 12, precipitated zinc carbonate 12, distilled water to make 1000; disinfectant and deodorant. 1, zin'ci et alu'mini compos'ltus (N.P.), compound solution of zinc and aluminum; zinc sulphate and aluminum sulphate each 20, betanaphthol 0.06, oil of thyme 0,2, water 100; antiseptic and deodorant. I. zin'ci et fer'ri comnos'itus (N.F.), compound solu- tion of zinc and iron; zinc sulphate 26, ferrous sulphate 20, copper sulphate 6.5, betanaphthol 0.06, oil of thyme 0.2, hypophosphorous acid, 0.4, water 100; antiseptic and deodorant. L zingib'eris, solution of ginger, soluble essence of ginger; a liquid preparation, miscible with water, con- taining about 35 per cent, of ginger; carminative in doses of S ^-i f 2 . 0-4 . 0) . and used as a flavoring af^ent, liquorice (lik'or-is). Licorice, glycyrrhiza.* Lisfranc's amputa'tion (lls-frahnk')[ Jacques Lisfrana, French surgeon, 1790-1847.] Amputation of fhe foot at the tarsometatarsal joint, the sole being preserved to make the flap. L.'s joint, the tarso- metatarsal joint. L.'s lig'ament, a very strong fibrous band extending between the lower part of the external surface of the first cuneiform bone and the lower two-thirds of the Internal surface of the base of the second metatarsal bone. L.'s opera'- tion, L.'s amputation. L.'s tu'bercle, tuberculum scaleni. lisp [A.S. wHsp.'] To pronounce s and z as th. Lissauer's tract or mar'ginal zone (Us'ow-er) [Hein- rlch Lissauer, German neiurologlst, 1861-1891.] Spltzka's* marginal tract. Lissner's Mineral Spring, Montana. Alkaline- saline waters Used by drinking In indigestion, constipation, and In disorders of the liver, kid- neys, and bladder. Lissoflagella'ta [G. lissos, smooth.] A subclass of the Zoomastigophora, flagellated organisms with- out a protoplasmic collar around the base of the flagellum. Lis'ter*s doub'le salt [Joseph Lister (later Lord Lister) English surgeon, 18 27-1 91 2.] Hydrargyri et zinci cyanldum. L. dress'ing, a thick covering of a wound with gauze Impregnated with carbolic acid to prevent the access of pus germs; It has undergone many modifications, and is now much less bulky and made with other antiseptic mate- rials or with simply aseptic material. L.'s meth'od, antiseptic surgery, first advocated by Lister in an article published in 1867 and gener- ally adopted throughout the world in the course of the following decade. L.'s oint'ment, com- posed of boric acid, white wax, paraffin, and al- mond oil lis'terine. Trade name of an antiseptic solution ■<:o'n1}alnIng boric acid, benzoic acid, thymol, and various other substances. Lis'terism. Lister's* method; the general prlncples, and practice of the antiseptic, and later asepitic management of wounds, Lis'ting's law [Joseph Benedict Listing, German physicist, 1808-1882.] When the eye leaves one object and fixes another, it revolves about an axis perpendicular to a plane cutting both the former and present lines of vision. L.'s schematic eye, an apparatus representing the refracting media of the eye in distant vision. Lis'ton's for'ceps [Robert Liston, London surgeon of Scottish birth, 1794-1847.] A bone-cutting forceps. L.'s knives, long-bladed knives of various sizes used in amputations. L.'s scis'sors or shears, strong shears for cutting plaster-of- Parls bandages. liter, litre (le'ter) [Fr.] A measure of capacity of 1000 cubic centimeters, or i cubic decimeter, the equivalent of 1.056 quarts. Uthagogue (lith'S-gog) [G. Itthos, stone, + agogQS, drawing forth.] i. Causing the dislodgment or expulsion of calculi, especially urinary calculi. 2. An agent which is credited with causing the par- tial solution and expulsion of urinary calculi. litharge (lith'arj) [G. liihos, stone, + argyros, silver.] Lead oxide, a yellowish or reddish scaly powder or mass, plumb! oxidum. 1. plas'ter, lead plaster, diachylon. lith'ate. A salt of hthlc acid- LITHECTASY S67 LITHONEPHROTOMY lithec'tasy [G. lithos, stone, + ekiasis, a stretching out.] The urethral extraction of a vesical cal- culus after a preliminary dilatation of this canal. Bthec'tomy [G. lithos, stone, + ektome, excision.] Lithotomy lithe'mia, lithee'inia. The presence of uric acid in excess in the blood; uricemia. lithe'mic. Relating in any way to llthemia. lith'ia. Lithiiun oxide. lithiasis (11-thi'a-sis) [G. lithos, stone.] i. The so- called uric-acid diathesis. a. The formation of calculi of any kind, especially of biliary or urinary calculi. lith'ic acid [G. lithos, stone.] Uric* acid. lithico'sis [G. lithikos, of stone.] Pneumonoconi- osis, stone- mason 's phthisis. lith'ium, gen. lith'ii [G. lithos, a stone.] An alka- line metallic element, symbol Li, atomic weight 7, of silvery white color, somewhat softer than lead; a number of its salts are more or less employed in medicine. lith'ii ben'zoas, lithium benzoate, LiC7H502, oc- curs as a white powder or glistening scales of a soapy feel, soluble in water; diuretic, antiUthlc, and antirheumatic, In doses of gr. 15-30 (i . 0-2 .0). 1. bitar'trate, tartar-lithin, a white solu- ble powder, diuretic and laxative ; employed in rheumatism and pyorrhea alveolaris in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). lith'ii bro'midum (U.S.), lithium bromide. LlBr, a white deliquescent powder; sedative and hypnotic In doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). 1. oaf feine-sul'phonate, symphorol-llthium, a white c stalline powder of bitter taste, soluble in water; employed in Bright's disease, gout, rheumatism and obesity in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). Uth'ii carbo'nas (U.S., Br.), lithium carbonate LijCOj, soluble in 75 parts of water; antirheumatic and antilithic In doses of gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). lith'ii ci'tras (U.S., Br.), lithium citrate, LiaC5HjOj+4HjO, occurs as colorless crystals or a white powder, soluble in water; diuretic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). lith'ii ci'tras eflferves'cens (Br.), effervescent lithium citrate, sal lithii citratis eftervescens (N.F.) ; lithium citrate 50, sodium bicarbonate 570, tartaric acid 300, citric acid 195; all the ingredients are thoroughly mixed and in a, moist state pressed through a sieve and the resulting coarse granules are dried ; dose, 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . 0) . 1. diuret'in, 1. theobromine salicylate. 1. ichthyolsul'phonate, ichthyol-lithium, a black tarry mass, employed externally for the same purposes as ichthyol, and internally in rheumatism in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). 1. i'odate, a white soluble powder, employed in gout and renal colic in doses of gr. a-3 (0.13-0.2). lith'ii salicy'las(N.F.), lithium Liston's Amputating Knives. salicylate, LiCvHsOs; a white, odorless, sweet- ish, soluble powder, employed as a substitute for sodium salicylate in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6— i.o). 1. sulphoich'thyolate, 1. ichthyolsulpho- nate. 1, theobro'mine ben'zoate, diuretin, uro- pherin b., uropherin benzoate, a white soluble powder, recommended as a diuretic in cardiac and renal dropsy in doses of gr. 10-15 (° • 6-1 • 0). 1. theobro'mine sal'icylate, uropherin s., uroph- erin salicylate, a white soluble powder, employed in cardiac and renal dropsy in doses of gr. 10-15 (o . 6-1 .0). 1. val'erate, a white crystalline solu- ble powder, recommended in rheumatic condi- tions with nervous symptoms, in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0). 1. van'adate, a yellowish solu- ble powder, recommended in rheumatism in doses of gr. -^ (0 . 004) every second day. lithocenosis (Iith"o-se-no'sis) [G. lithos, stone, + kenosis, an emptying.] The removal of the crushed fragments of a vesical calculus; litholapaxy. lith'oclast [G. lithos, stone, + klastos; klao, I break in pieces.] A powerful I'thotrite. litholeine (hth-o'le-en) [G. lithos, stone -1- L. oleum, oil.] A yellowish oily liquid distilled from petro- leum, used externally in eczema and other skin diseases. lithoclysma (lith-o-kliz'mah) [G. lithos, stone, + klysma, clyster.] The injection of calculary sol- vents into the bladder. lithoco'nion [G. lithos, stone, -I- konio, I make dusty.] A form of lithotrlte., lithocystot'omy [G. lithos, stone, + kystis, bladder,. -I- tome, incision.] . Vesical lithotomy. lithodialysis (lith"o-di-al'i-sis) [G. lithos, stone, -I- dialysis a breaking up.] The fragmentation or solution of a calculus. lithogenesis, Uthogeny (lith-o-jen'e-sis, lith-oj'en-i) [G. lithos, stone, -f- genesis, production.] The formation of calculi. lithokelyphopaedion,lithokelyphopedium(lith"o-kel"i- fo-pe'di-on, or um) [G. lithos, stone, -f- kely-phos, husk, shell, -1- paidion, child.] Lithopsedion, lithokelyphos.* lithokel'yphos [G. lithos, stone, kelyphos, rind, shell.] A fetus, usually extrauterine, the mem- branes of which have become calcified, forming a stonelike- shell. lith'olapaxy [G. lithos, stone, + lapaxis, an empty- ing out ] The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder and washing out the fragments- through a catheter of wide lumen. lithol'ogy [G. lithos, stone, + -logia.] The branch of medical science relating to calculi or con- cretions. lithol'ysis [G. lithos, stone, + lysis, solution.] The dissolving of urinary calculi. lith'olyte. An instrument for injecting calculary solvents. lithom'eter [G. lithos, stone, + meiron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the size of a vesica] calculus. Uthome'tra [G. lithos, stone, + metra, womb.] Calcification of the uterine tissues. lithomoschus (lith-o-mos'kus) [G. lithos, stone, -|- moschos, the young of any animal, especially a calf.] The term applied to lithopedion* when occurring in animals, especially cattle. litbomyl (lith'o-mil) [G. lithos, stone, -I- myle, mill.] An instrument for pulverizing a stone in the bladder. lithoneph'ria [G. lithos, stone, + nephros, kidney.] Stone in the kidney, the presence of renal calculi. lithonephrot'omy [G. lithos, stone, + nephros, kid- LITHONEPHROTOMY S68 LIVER ney, + tome, incision.] Incision, into the kidney for the removal of a calculus, renal lithotomy. lithontrip'tic. Lithotriptic(2). lithope'dion, lithopae'dion, lithope'dium [G. lithos, stone, + paid-ion, small child.] A calcified fetus in utero, ostembryon. lith'ophone [G. lithos, stone, + phone, sound.] An instrument which gives a sound when in contact with a stone in the bladder. lith'oscope [G. lithos, stone, + skoped, I view.] A cystoscope used for the detection of a stone in the bladder. litho'sis [G. lithos, a stone.] Pneumonoconlosls. lith'otome. A knife used in lithotomy. lithot'omist. A person skilled in lithotomy. lithot'omy [G. lithos, stone, + tome, incision.] Cutting for stone; a cutting operation for the removal of a calculus, especially a vesical calculus bilat'eral 1., one In which the perineal incision is made transversely across the median raphe. lat'eral 1., one in which the perineum is incised to one side of the median line, mar'ian 1. [L. mas (mar-) male], median 1. me'dian 1., an operation in which the perineal incision is made In the line of the median raphe, perin'eal 1., any operation for stone in which the bladder is approached by an incision in the perineum, suprapu'bic 1., one in which the bladder is entered by an incision imme- diately above the symphysis pubis, vag'inal 1., one in which the bladder is entered through an incision in the vagina. lith'otony [G. lithos, stone, + tonos, a stretching.] Extraction of a stone from the bladder through a small incision which is then dilated instrumen- tally. lithotre'sis [G. lithos, stone, + tresis, a boring.] The boring of holes in a calculus to facilitate its crushing. lith'otripsy [G. lithos, stone, + tripsis, a rubbing.] The operation of crushing a stone in the bladder or urethra. llthotrip'tic. i. Relating to lithotripsy. 2. An agent which effects the solution of a calculus; llthontriptic. Uth'otriptor. Lithotrlte. lith'otrite [G. lithos, stone, + L. tritus; ierere, to rub.] Lithoclast, lithotriptor ; an instrument used to crush a stone in the bladder or urethra lithot'rity [G. lithos, stone, + L. tritus; ierere, to rub.] The operation of crushing a calculus in the bladder or urethra. lithous (lith'us) [G. lithos, stone.] Calculous, cal- culary, relating to a calculus. lithure'sis [G. lithos, stone, + ouresis, urination.] The passage of gravel in the urine. lithu'ria [lithic (acid) + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of uric acid or urates In large amount in the urine. lit'mus [a corruption of lacmus.'] Lacmus, a blue coloring matter obtained from Roccella iinctoria and other species of lichens; it is reddened by acids and turned blue again by alkalies. 1. pa'per, blotting paper stained with litmus, employed to test the reaction of urine and other fluids, being turned red Jf the fluid is acid litre (le'ter) [Pr.] Liter. Lit'ten's phenom'enon or sign [Moritz Litten, Berlin physician, 1845-1907.] Diaphragm* phenome- non. litt'er [Fr. litidre; lit, bed.] A stretcher or portable couch for moving the sick or wounded. Little Red Spring, Tennessee. See Red Boiling Springs, Tennessee. Litt'le's disease [William John Little, Englishsurgeon, 1810-1894.] Lateral sclerosis, spastic spinal paralysis.* L.'s paral'ysis, acute anterior polio- myelitis. Litton Seltzer Springs, California. Alkallne-sallne- aluminous-chalybeate-carbonated waters, 62° F. Used by drinking and bathing in dyspepsia, and in the uric-acid diathesis. LittrS's glands (le-tra') [Alexis Liiiri, Parisian anatomist, 1658-1726.] Mucous glands in the bulbous urethra, Morgagnl's glands, glandulae* urethrales. L.'s her'nia, hernia of Meckel's diverticulum. L.'s opera'tion, Inguinal colos- tomy formation of an artificial anus in the left inguinal region. Litzmann obliq'uity (lits'mahn) [Karl Konrad Theodor Litzmann, German gynecologist, 1815- 1890.] Posterior asynclitism; inclination of the fetal head so that the biparietal diameter is oblique in relation to the plane of the pelvic brim, the posterior parietal bone presenting to the parturient canal. live blood. Myokymia, or twitching of the eyelid. live'do [L. a black and blue spot.] A bluish dis- coloration of the skin, either in limited patches or general. liv'er [A.S. lifer."] Hepar, jecur; the largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium and upper part of the epigastrium; It is of Irregular shape and weighs from 3 to 3^ pounds, or about ^ the weight of the body. It secretes the bile and is also of great Importance in both carbohydrate and proteid metabolism, acute' yel'low at'ro- phy of the 1., icterus gravis, malignant jaundice, acute parenchymatous hepatitis; a disease marked by rapid destruction of the parenchyma cells of the liver and atrophy and softening of the entire organ, with symptoms of jaundice, hemorrhages, and cerebral disturbances brim'stone 1., a bright yellow, bile-stained liver, seen in congenital syphilis and acute yellow atrophy, car'diac 1., hepatic congestion with Intralobular cellular destruction, due to back- ward venous pressure in heart disease, cyanotic atrophy of the 1., pseudocirrhosis. fissures of the 1., five in number: (i) umbilical, (2) of the ductus venosus (these two constituting the left sagittal fissure), (3) portal or porta hepatis, (4) for the vena cava, (5) for the gall-bladder (these two constituting the right sagittal fissure); see also under fossa and porta hepatis. hob'nail 1., atrophic or portal cirrhosis of the 1., the contrac- tion of the connective-tissue septa and cell pro- liferation causing a pebbly or small lobular appearance of the surface, in'fantile 1., biliary cirrhosis* of children. larda'ceous 1., waxy I. Ug'aments of the 1., five in number : coronary, two lateral, longitudinal, and roimd ligament, lobes of the L, four In number: lobus caudatus, or lobus Spigelii, lobus hepatis dexter, lobus hepatis sin- ister, and lobus quadratus. nut'meg 1., chronic congestion of the liver with hyperplasia of the connective tissue of the organ; cyanotic atrophy of the 1. trop'ical 1., chronic congestion of the liver resulting in hypertrophic cirrhosis, with occasionally lardaceous or fatty degeneration, occurring in northerners who have lived for many yea™ in the tropics, wax'y I., amyloid degenera- tion of the liver, yellow at'rophy of the 1., acute yellow atrophy of the 1. abscess, hepatapostema. atrophy, hepatophthisis, hepatatrophia. calculus, hepatoHth, gallstone, can- cer, hepatocarcinia, hepatocarcinoma, hepatomye- LIVER 569 LOBULUS loma, hepatoscirrhus, hepatencephaloma. congestion^ hepatohemia. descriiition of, hepatography, disease of, hepatopathy. disordered function, hepatism. emargement, hepatauxe, hepatomegaly, hepatoncus. excision of a part, hepatectomy. fatty, hepar adipo- sum, jecur adiposum, fixation of floating, hepato- pexia, hepatopexy. floating, hepatoptosia. gangrene, nepatocace, hepatonecrosis. hemorrhage, hepator- rhagia. hernia, hepatocele, hepatomphalocele. inci- sion, hepatotomy. induration, hepa ocirrhosis. in- flammation, hepatitis, hepatopyitis, hepatophlegmon , perihepatitis, glissonitis. obstruction of ducts, hep- atemphiaxis. pain, hepatalgia. hepatodynia, hepatico- colica. resembling in structure, hepatoid. rupture, hepatorrhexis. suture, hepatorrhaphy, tumor, hepa- tophyma, hepatoncus. ulceration, hepathelcosis. liv'er-fluke. Fasciola hepatica Chinese' 1-f ., Opis. , thorchis sinensis. Uv'er-rot. A disease of the liver In sheep caused by the liver fluke. liv'er-spots. The lesions of chloasma. liv'er-wort [A.S. wyrt, plant.] Hepatica. livetin (li-vet'in). A protein body, containing o . i per cent, phosphorus, found with ovovitellin in yolb of egg. liv'id [L. Uvidus.l i. Discolored from a contusion, black and blue. ». Cyanotic; ashen. livid'ity. The state of being black and blue; dis- coloration from venous congestion; cyanosis; a leaden or ashy-gray hue. Livierato's sign (le-ve-er-ah'to) [P. E. Livierato, Italian physician, *i86o.] Abdominocardiac re- flex.* Liv'ingston Arte'sian Well, Alabama. Saline-carbon- ated waters, 68° F. Used by drinking in chloro- sis, malarial anemia; disorders of the alimentary tract, kidneys, and bladder, and in nervous exhaustion. li'vor [L. a black and blue spot.] i. Llvidlty. 2 The discoloration of the skin on the dependent parts of a corpse. lixivia'tion [L. lixiviare, to make lye.] The removal of the soluble constituents of a substance by running water through it, leaching. lixiv'ium. Lye, a solution of alkaline salts obtained by leaching or Uxlvlatlon. Li'zars' opera'tion [John Lizars, Edinburgh surgeon, 1808-1860.] Exsectlon of the lower jaw. Llandrindod Wells, Wales. S a 1 1 n e - sulphurous- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and bath- ing In dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, glandular enlargements, skin affections, hepatic cirrhosis, "drink craving," jaundice, enlargements of liver and spleen, constipation, hemorrhoids, Intestinal parasites, glycosuria, obesity, rheumatoid arthri- tis, lumbago, sciatica, gastroenteric catarrh, cystitis, scrofula, anemia, chlorosis, amenorrhea, chorea, neurasthenia, and neuralgia. May to October. Llangammarch Wells, Wales. Muriated waters, containing barium, calcium, and magnesium chloride- Used by drinking and bathing in cardiac asthenia, chronic glandular enlargements, neurasthenia, gout, rheumatism, and dyspepsia, Llanwetyd Wells, Dolecoed Spa, Wales. Sulphur- eted-chalybeate waters. Cold. Used by drink- ing and bathing in chronic rheumatism and gout, gastrohepatlc disorders, anemia, skin affections, neurasthenia, overwork, bronchial catarrh, cer- tain forms of urinary disorders, renal calculus, and other troubles. May to September. L.M. Abbreviation for licentiate in midwifery. L.M.A. Abbreviation for left mentoanterior pre- sentation of the fetus, i.e. with the chin directed to the left acetabulum of the mother. L.M.P. Abbreviation for left mentoposterior, noting the presentation of the fetus with Its chin directed to the left sacroiliac joint of the mother. L.O.A. Abbreviation of left occipitoanterior pre- sentation, the occiput of the fetus being In rela- tion with the left acetabulum of the mother. loading (lo'ding). In insurance the amount nec- essary to be added to the net premium to provide for expenses and contingencies. Loa loa (lo'ah-lo'ah) . A species of filaria, F. loa, F. oculi, which invades the conjunctiva and the superficial connective tissue generally through- out the body. loasis (lo'ah-sis). Infestation with Loa (Filaria) loa, giving rise probably to the condition called Calabar* swellings. lo'bar. Relating to any lobe. lo'bate. Lobose, lobed, divided Into lobes, lobe- shaped. lobe [L. lobu5.'\ i. One of the subdivisions of an organ or other part, bounded by fissures, connec- tive-tissue septa, or other structural demarcations. 2. One of the larger divisions of the crown of a tooth formed from a distinct point of calcifica- tion. 3. A rounded projecting part, as the lobe of the ear, lobulus auriculae. See lobulus and lobus. supplemen'tal 1., in dental anatomy an extra lobe, one that is not included in the typi- cal formation of a tooth. lobec'tomy [L. lobus, lobe, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a lobe of any organ or gland. lobe'lia (U.S., Br.). Indian tobacco, asthma-weed, poke-weed; the dried leaves and tops of Lobelia inflala, an herb of eastern and central North America ; employed as an expectorant and emetic In doses of gr. 5-8 (o . 3-0 . 5). lobeline sulphate (lo'be-len sul'f at). The sulphate of an alkaloid from lobelia ; occurs in yellow friable masses soluble in water; employed in whooping- cough and asthma in doses of gr. J-J (0.015-0.03). lobopo'dium, pi. lobopo'dia [L. lobus, lobe, 4- {pseudo) podium.] A thick lobose pseudopodlum. lo'bose, lo'bous. Lobate. Lobstein's disease' (lob'stin) (Johann Georg Lob- stein, StrasshouTg pathologist, 1777— 1835.] Con- stitutional fragility of the bones, fractures being readily produced by slight Injuries. L.'s gan'- glion, an Inconstant enlargement on the sympa- thetic trunk a little above the diaphragm. L.'s placen'ta, placenta velamentosa. lob'ular. Relating to a lobule. lob'ulate, lob'ulated. Divided Into lobules. lob'ule [L. lobulus ] A small lobe or one of the subdivisions of a lobe. See lobulus. crescen'tic 1. of the cerebellum, see lobulus quadrangularis. lob'ulet, lobulette'. A very small lobule or one of the smaller subdivisions of a lobule. lob'ulus [L. dim. of lobus lobe.] Lobule, a small lobe or subdivision of a lobe I. auric'ulae [BNA], lobule of the auricle, the depend- ent fleshy process at the lower portion of the auricle. 1. biven'ter [BNA], biventral lobule, a lobule on the under surface of each cerebellar hemisphere, divided by a curved sulcus into a lateral and a medial portion; it corresponds to the pyramid of the vermis. I. centra'lis [BNA], central lobule, a division of the superior vermis of the cerebellum between the lingula and the monticulus. I, fusifor'mis, gyrus fusiformis [BNA], a small gyrus on the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere below the fissura collateralis. 1. gra'cilis, slender lobule, the anterior portion of the posteroinferior lobule of the cerebellum, the posterior portion being the 1. semilunaris inferior; the two cor- respond to the tuber of the vermis. LOBULUS 570 LOCK-FINGER I. paracentra'lis [BNA}, paracentral lobule, a division of the mesial aspect of the pallium, lying above the sulcus cinguli and bounded by the precentral sulcus in front and the pars marginalis of the sulcus cinguli behind. 1. parieta'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior parietal lobule, inferior parietal gyrus, the area of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum lying below the interparietal sulcus; it contains the angular and the supramarginal gyri. 1. parieta'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior parietal lobule, superior parietal gyrus, the area of the convex surface of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum lying between the longitudinal fissure and the interparietal sulcus behind the posterior central gyrus; it is continuous with the precuneus on the mesial aspect of the hemisphere. 1. posteroinfe'rior, see I. gracilis and /. semilunaris inferior. 1. quadrangula'ris [BNA], quadrangular lobule, 1. quadratus, the main portion of the superior part of each hemisphere of the cerebellum, corresponding to the monticulus of the vermis; it is divided into two portions, the anterior and the posterior crescentic lobules, corresponding to tjie culmen and the declive of the vermis. 1. quadra'tus, (i) 1. quadtangularis [BNA]; (2) precuneus. 1. semiluna'ris infe'rior [BNA], inferior semilunar lobule, posteroinferior lobule, the posterior lobule of the under surface of each cerebellar hemisphere, cor- responding to the tuber of the vermis; by some this term is applied to the posterior portion of the postero- inferior lobule, the anterior portion being called 1. gracilis. 1. 5eniiluna''ris supe'rior [BNA], superior semilunar lobule, posterosuperior lobule, the posterior lobule of the upper surface of each cerebellar hemisphere, cor- responding to the folium of the vermis. lo'bus [L.] Lobe. 1. appendicula'ris, 1. linguiformis, Riedel's lobe, an occasional tongue-like process extending downward from the right lobe of the liver external to the gall- bladder; a similar process may, though rarely, extend from the left lobe. 1. az'ygos, a small accessory lobe, pyramidal in form, sometimes found on the lower part of the inner aspect of the right lung, 1. biventra'lis, lobulus biventer. 1. cacu'minis* folium vermis. 1. Cauda' tus [BNA], 1. Spigelii, a lobe on the under surface of the liver posteriorly, separated from the right lobe by the fossa for the vena cava, and from the left by the fossa for the ductus venosus, and from the quad- rate lobe by the porta hepatis; the [BNA] makes 1. caudatus and 1. Spigelii synonymous, but usually 1. caudatus is described as a narrow bridge of liver sub- stance connecting the 1. Spigelii with the right lobe, the processus caudatus [BNA], of the caudate lobe. 1. centra'lis, central lobe of cerebrum, insula [BNA]. 1. cU'vi, the clivus monticuli and the posterior cres- centic lobules of the cerebellum considered as one lobe. 1. cul'minis, the culmen monticuli and the anterior crescentic lobules of the cerebellum considered as one lobe. 1. cuneifor'mis, lobulus biventer. 1. falcifor'mis, falciform lobe, limbic lobe, gyrus* fomicatus [BNA]. 1. fronta'lis [BNA] frontal lobe, the portion of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the fissure of Rolando, or sulcus centralis. 1. gra'cUis, lobulus gracilis. 1. hep'atis dex'ter [BNA], right lobe of the liver, the largest of the lobes of the liver, separated from the left lobe above and in front by the attachment of the falci- form ligament, from the caudate and quadrate lobes below by the fossae for the vena cava and for the gall- gladder, respectively. 1. hep'atis sinis'ter [BNA], left lobe of the liver, separated from the right lobe above and anteriorly by the attachment for the falciform ligament, from the quadrate and caudate lobes below by the umbilical fossa and the fossa for the ductus venosus, respectively. 1. lim'bicus, limbic lobe, gyrus* fomicatus [BNA], 1. luna'tus ante'rior, lobulus semilunaris superior [BNA]. 1. luna'tus supe'rior, lobulus semilunaris inferior [BNA]. 1. occipita'lis [BNA], occipital lobe, the posterior pyramidal portion of each cerebral hemispherie, sepa- rated by no distinct surface markings from the parietal and temporal lobes (with the exception of the sulcus parieto-occipitalis) in the human adult; in the fetus its anterior boundary is marked on the outer surface by a groove, fissura perpendicularis externa, which cor- responds to the "Aflfenspalte" or ape-fissure. 1. olfacto'rius [BNA], olfactory lobe, a rudimentary lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, consisting of an ante- rior lobule (olfactory bulb, olfactory trigone, and Broca's area) and -a posterior lobule (the anterior perforated substance). 1. parieta'lis [BNA], parietal lobe, the middle portion of each cerebral hemisphere, separated from the frontal lobe by the central (Rolandic) sulcus, from the temporal lobe by the lateral (Sylvian) fissure in front and an imaginary line continuing it posteriorly, and from, the occipital lobe only partly by the parieto-occip- ital on its mesial aspect. 1. quadra'tus (i) [BNA] a lobe on the undej- surf ace of the liver anteriorly, separated from the right lobe by the fossa of the gall-bladder, from the left lobe by the umbilical fossa, and from the caudate lobe by the porta hepatis; (3) lobulus quadrangularis; (3) precimeus. 1. rena'lis [BNA], reniculus. 1. Spige'lii, L caudatus. 1. tempora'lis [B NA], temporal lobe, a lobe on the outer side and under surface of each hemisphere; it is bounded above by the fissure of Sylvius and an imagin- ary line prolonged backward from this to the occipital lobe; posteriorly it is continuous with the occipital lobe from which it is separated only by an imaginary plane; on the under surface of the hemisphere it is separated from the hippocampal gyrus (limbic lobe) by the collateral fissure. lo'cal [L. localis; locus, place.] Having reference or confined, to a limited part ; not general or systemic. localiza'tion. 1. Limitation to a definite area. z. The reference of a sensation to its point of origin. 3. The determination of the location of a morbid process, cer'ebral 1., the determination of the areas of the cerebral cortex In which are located the centers for various movements or processes. lo'calized. Restricted or limited to a definite part. lo'calizer. An apparatus for determining, by means of the Roentgen rays, the location of a soUd particle Imbedded in the eyeball. lochia (lo'kl-ah) [G. neut. pi. of lochias, relating to childbirth.] The discharge from the vagina of mucus, blood, and tissue d6brls, following child- birth. 1. al'ba, the later discharge no longer tinged with blood. 1. cruen'ta, the earlier dis- charge stained with blood. 1. ru'bra, 1, cruenta. 1. sero'sa, a very thin and watery discharge. lochial (lo'ki-al). Relating to the lochia. lochiometra (lo-k!t-o-me'trah) [G. lochia + meira, womb.] Distention of the uterus with retained lochia. lochiometritis (lo-kit-o-me-tri' (tre') tis) . Puerperal metritis. lochioperitonitis (lo-kl-o-per-I-ton-l'(6')tls). Puer- peral peritonitis. lochiopyra (lo-kl-op'i-rah) [G. lochia + pyr, fire, fever.] Post-partum rise of temperature; puer- peral fever. lochiorrhagia (lo-kl-fi-ra'ji-ah) [G. lochia + rhh gnymi, I burst forth.] Lochlorrhea. lochiorrhea, lochiorrhcea (lo-kl-6~re'ah) [G. lochia -t- rkoia, a flow.] A profuse flow of the lochia. lochioschesis (lo-kl-os'kS-sIs) [G. lochia + schesis, retention.] Retention of the lochia. lock'-finger. Retention of one of the joints of a finger In a semiflexed position, not from ankylosis LOCK-FINGER 571 -LOGIA but In consequence of a fibrous growth on the ejtensor tendon. lock'jaw. Tetanus; specifically, trismus. Lock'wood's lig'ament [Charles Barrett Lockwood, English surgeon, 1858-1914.] A thickening of the lower portion of Tenon's capsule, attached to the lacrymal bone on one side, the malar bone on the other, acting as a suspensory ligament for the eyeball. lo'co [Sp. crack-brained.] Loco- weed disease; a disease afEectlng cattle on the great plains of the western United States, caused by eating the loco weed; it is characterized by paresis, incoordina- tion, dulness, and a tendency to become solitary In habit. 1. plant, 1. weed, a term applied to a number of plants of the family LegnminosiB, but especially to two : the purple, woolly, or stemmed 1., Astragalus molUssimus; and the white or stem- less 1., Aragallus lamberti. locoed (lo'kod). Poisoned by the loco weed. locoism (lo'ko-izm). Poisoning by loco weed. locomo'tion [L. locus, place, + motto; movere,. to move.] Movement from one place to another. locomo'tive. Locomotor. locomo'tor. Relating to locomotion, or movement from one ■ place to another. 1. ataz'ia, tabes dorsalls. locomoto'rial. Relating to the locomotor apparatus of the body. locomoto'iium [L. locus, place, + motorius, moving.] The locomotor apparatus of the body. locomo'tory. Locomotor. loc'ular.; Relating to a loculus. loc'ulate. Containing numerous lociJl. loc'ulus, pi. loc'uli [L. dim. of locus, place.] A small cavity or chamber. lo'cum te'nens [L. locus, place, + tenere, to hold.] A substitute; a physician taking another's prac- tice during the temporary absence or incapacity of the latter. lo'cus [L.] A place. 1. cseru'leus [BNA], blue place, a shallow depression, of a blue color in the fresh brain, lying laterally in the upper portion of the rhomboidal fossa leading toward the aqueduct of Sylvius. 1. cine'reus, 1. ferrugin'- eus, 1. casruleus. I. minor'is resisten'tise, a place of less resistance, any part or organ which is more susceptible than the others to the attack of a morbific agent. 1. ni'ger, substantia nigra. 1. perfora'tus anti'cus, anterior perforated place or space, substantia perforata anterior [BNA]. 1. perfora'tus posti'cus, posterior perforated place or space, substantia perforata posterior [BNA]. lo'dal. Trade name of an oxidation product of laudanosine which slows the heart, causes a rise in blood-pressure, and produces contraction of the uterine muscle. Lo'di Arte'sian Well, Indiana. Sallne-sulphureted waters. Used by drinking In various disorders. Loiche-les-Bains, Switzerland (lo-esh"-la-ban'). Simple thermal or calcareous or earthy waters, 70° F. to 124° F. About twenty springs. Used by drinking and bathing In scrofula, skin diseases, affections of the nervous system, gout, rheuma- tism, chronic bronchitis, syphilis , gastric irrita- bility, rheumatic paralysis, stiff joints, surgical contractures, old inflammatory exudations, se- quelae of phlebitis, disorders of the pelvic viscera associated with neuralgia. May 15 to September 30. The German name of the spa is Leukerbad. Loeffler's bacill'us (lef'ler) [Friedrich August Johannes Loeffler, German bacteriologist, 1852- 1915.] Bacillus diphthericB. L.'s blood-serum, a culture medium consisting of 3 parts beef blood-serum and sheep's blood-serum and i part of beef bouillon containing i per cent, peptone, i per cent, glucose, and -J per cent, sodium chloride. L.'s caus'tic solu'tion, an aqueous, solution of tannin and sulphate of iron with the addition of an alcoholic fuchsln solu- tion. L.'s meth'ylene blue, made by adding 30 c.c. of concentrated methylene blue to 100 c.c. of a o . 01 per cent, solution of potassium hydrate. L.*s stain, for flagella, the specimen is treated with a mixture of ferrous sulphate, tannic acid, and alcoholic fuchsln, then stained with aniline- water fuchsln or gentian violet made alkaline with o . I per cent, sodium hydrate solution. loeffleria (lef-le'rl-ah). A condition in which the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus of diphtheria is present without producing any symptoms. loemograph'ia. Lemography. loemol'ogy, loimol'ogy. Lemology. Loewe's ring (le'veh). A circular chromophose which sometimes surrounds the aphose of the macula -lutea when one looks toward a bright white object after regarding a blue field. L.'s test, for sugar in the urine, the presence of which is Indicated- by a dark precipitate on boiling with a mixture of bismuth subnltrate, sodlc hydrate, and glycerin. Loewenberg's canal' (le'ven-berg) [Benjamin Benno Loewenberg, Parisian laryngologlst of German birth, *i836.] L.'s scala. L.'s for'ceps, forceps with short curved blades ending In rounded grasping extremities, devised for the removal of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx. L.'s sca'la, scala media, ductus* cochlearis [BNA]. Loewenthal's reac'tion (le'ven-tahl) [Wilhelm Loewenthal, German physician, *i85o.] The agglutinative reaction in relapsing fever. L.'s test, a test for glucose in blood serum; on treating with ferric chloride, sodium carbonate, and tartaric acid, a precipitate of iron oxide is thrown down if glucose is present. L.'s tract, Marchi's tract, the cerebellospinal (descending) tract of the spinal cord. Loewl's test (le've) [Otto Loewi, German phar- macologist, *i873.] P°r pancreatic insuf- ficiency: upon the instillation of one or two drops- of a i— 1000 solution of adrenalin into the conjunctival sac, the pupil will dilate if disease of the pancreas is present, no result follows if the pancreas is healthy; the reliability of the test lacks proof. logaditis (lo-ga-dl'(de')tls) [G. logades, the whites of the eyes, -I- -irts.] Sclerltls. logagno'sia [G. logos, word, -I- a- priv. + gnosis, knowledge.] Aphasia. logagraphia (log-a-graf'i-ah) [G. logos, word, -f- a- priv. + graphs, I write.] Agraphia. logamne'sia [G. logos, word, + amnesia, forgetful- ness.] Aphasia. logaphasia (log-a-fa'zl-ah)[G. logos, word, -t- aphasia, speechlessness.] Aphasia of articulation. -logia [G. logos, discourse, treatise.] i. A Greek suffix, expressing In a general way the study of the subject noted In the body of the word, or a treatise on the same ; the English equivalent is 'logy, or, with the connecting vowel, -ology. A number of words thus formed have been trans- formed bodily from the Greek, as osteologia, osteology; others have been formed on this model, as urology, laryngology, etc. 2. [G. lego, I collect.] A suffix with the signification of col- lecting, picking, as in carphologia, picking off imaginary bits of straw -or lint. LOGOCOPHOSIA 572 LOTIO logocopho'sia [G. logos, word, + kophosis, deafness.] Word-deafness. logomania (log-o-ma'nK-ah) [G. logos, word, + mania, frenzy.] Garrulous insanity. logoneurosis (log-o-nu-ro'sis) [G. logos, word.] Any neurosis associated with a speech defect. logop'athy [G. logos, word, + pathos, suffering.] Aphasia or any speech disorder of cerebral origin. logoplegia (log-o-ple'jJ-ah) [G. logos, word, + plege, stroke.] -Paralysis of the organs of speech. logorrhe'a, logorrhoe'a [G. logos, word, + rhoia, a flow.] Garrulousness. log'ospasm [G. logos, word, + spasmos, spasm.] Stuttering; explosive speech. log'wood. Hsematoxylon. Lohnstein's saccharim'eter (lon'stin) [Theodor Loknstein, German physician, 1866-1918.] An apparatus for making a quantitative fermenta- tion test of sugar in the urine. lot'mlc. Lemlc. loimograph'ia. Lemography. loimol'ogy, Lemology. loin [Fr. longe; L. lumbus.] Flank, the part of the side and back between the ribs and the pelvis. loliism (lo'H-izm). Giddiness, tremor, green vi- sion, dilated pupils, great prostration, and some- times vomiting — symptoms of poisoning by the seeds of a grass, Lolium temulentum, in the form of flour made into bread. Lombardi's sign (lawm-bar'de) [Antonio Lombardi, Italian clinician.] Venous varicosities in the neighborhood of the spinous processes of the 7 th cervical and first 3 thoracic vertebrae in incipient ptilmonary tuberculosis. lo'ment, lomen'tum. In botany, a. legume which splits by transverse divisions. Lon'don paste. A caustic of equal parts of caus- tic soda and unslaked lime, moistened with water at the time of application ; soda cum calce (N.F.) Londonderry Lith'ia Spring, New Hampshire. Alkallne-chalybeate-lithlated-alumlnous - carbon- ated waters. Used by drinking In rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, gravel, giddiness, headache, Insomnia, and other malnfestations of the llth- emlc state. Long's coeffi'cient [John Harper Long, American physician, *i856.] The figures 2.6 by which the last two figures of the specific gravity of the urine are multiplied in order to obtain the number of grams of solids in 1000 c.c. longevity (lon-jev'i-tl) [L. longcevus, aged; longus, long, + ovum, age.] Great length of life. long'ing-mark. Birthmark, nevus. longinymph (lon'ji-nimf) [L. longus, long, -H nymphce, labia minora.] Noting an hypertrophy of the labia minora, as in the so-called Hottentot apron. longis'simus [L. superlative of longus, long.] Name applied to certain muscles; see musculus longis- simus. longitu'dinal [L. longitudo, length.] Running length- wise ; In the direction of the long axis of the body or any of its parts. longsightedness (lawng-sit'ed-nes). Hyperopia. longus (long'gus) [L long.] Term applied to cer- tain muscles; see musculus longus. Loo'mis's diarrhe'a mix'ture [Alfred L. Loomis, New York physician, 1831-1895.] Oil of sassa- fras I, tincture of opium 12, tincture of rhubarb 8, tincture of gambir 40, compound tincture of lavender to make 100; dose 1TB30 (2.9). loop [Gael, lub, bend(?).] i, A curve or complete bend in a cord or other cylindrical body, forming an oval or circular ring. 2. A more or less sharp and more or less complete bend or curve in a nerve or blood-vessel or urinary tubule. 3, A platinum wire, set in a glass handle, its extremity bent into a small circle ; used for transferring part of a bacterial colony to a fresh culture medium. L.O.P. Abbreviation of left occlpltoposterlor presentation, the occiput of the fetus being in relation with the left sacroiliac joint of the mother. lo'pez-root. Toddalia. lophoc'omi [G. lophos, tuft, -1- komS, hair of the head.] The negroid races of man having tufted hair, such as the Negritos, Papuans, Malaneslans, and Hottentots. loph'odont [G. lophos, ridge, + odous(pdont-), tooth.] Having the crowns of the molar teeth formed in transverse or longitudinal crests or ridges ; opposed to bunodont. lophoph'orine. An alkaloid, CuHkNOj, from Anhalonium lewinii. lophotrichea (Ifi-fo-trik'e-ah) [G. lophos, tuft, -t- thrix(trich-) , hair.] Microorganisms having cilia or flagella arranged In one or more tufts. lophotrichous (16-fot'ri-kus). Having cilia or fla- gella arranged In one or more tufts. Lorain's infan'tilism (16-ran'). Idiopathic infan- tilism.* Lorantha'ceas [G. l^ros, strong, -I- anihos, flower.] A family of parasitic plants, the mistletoes; it includes some twenty genera and five hundred species. lordo'ma [G. lordoma.] Lordosis. lordoscolio'sis. Combined backward and lateral curvature of the spine. lordo'sis [G. lordosis.'] Backward curvature of the spine; curvature with the convexity looking anteriorly. Lor'enz's meth'od [Adolf Lorem, Viennese ortho- pedic surgeon, *i854.] Manual, non-bloody, re- duction of congenital dislocation of the hip, with retention of the head of the femur in place by a plaster-of-Paris splint. L.'s sign, stiffness of the thoracic spine in early pulmonary tuberculosis. Loreta's opera'tion (law-ra'tah) [Pietro Loreta, Italian surgeon, 1831-1889.] Gastrotomy fol- lowed by digital dilatation of a cicatricial stenosis of the pylorus. lor'etin [after Pietro Loreta.'] Metalodo-ortho-oxy- qulnollne-anasulphonlc acid, a yellow crystalline powder, odorless, shghtly soluble In water; anti- septic, employed as a substitute for iodoform. Lor'ing's ophthal'moscope [Edward Greely Loring, New York ophthalmologist, 1837-1888.] See cut under ophthalmoscope. Lortet lamp (lor-ta'). A form of electric lamp used in the Finsen Ught treatment. lo'sophan. Trilodometacresol, occurs in colorless needle-shaped crystals Insoluble in water; em- ployed externally as an antiseptic and astringent in acute inflammatory conditions of the skin. loss [A.S. los, damage.] In life-insurance, a death claim. lotio, gen. lotio'nis, pi. lotio'nes (lo'tl-o or lo'shyo) [L. a washing.] Lotion, wash, a class of prepara- tions of the B.P. and N.F., consisting of a medi- cated liquid, usually containing an Insoluble sub- stance in suspension, employed externally. 1. adstrin'gens, astringent lotion, Warren's styp- tic; sulphuric acid 38, oil of turpentine and alco- hol each 31 ; astringent and styptic for local use. 1. ammoniaca'lis camphora'ta (N.F.), ammoni- ated camphor wash, aqua sedativa, eau sedative de Raspail; sodium chloride, 60; ammonia water, 6c; spirit of camphor, 10; water to make 1000. LOTIO 573 LUCAS-CHAMPIONNIERE'S DISEASE 1. fla'va (N.F.). yellow wash, similar to L hydrar- gyri flava (Br.). !• hydrar'gyri fla'va (Br.), 1. flava (N.P.), yellow mercurial lotion, yellow wash; corrosive sublimate 20 grains, lime water 10 fluldoimces ; an application for venereal sores; the N.P. preparation is slightly weaker than this. 1. hydrar'gyri ni'gra (Br.), 1. nigra (N.F.), black mercurial lotion, black wash; calomel 30 grains, glycerin -J iluldotmce, mucilage of tragacanth i^ fluidounces, lime water 10 fluldounces; an appli- cation for venereal sores; the N.F. preparation contains no glycerin or tragacanth. 1. ni'gra (N.F.), black wash, calomel 8 . 75, water 15, solu- tion of calcium hydroxide to make 1000; see 1. hydrargyri nigra (Br.). 1. plum'bi et o'pii (N.F.), lead and opium wash; lead acetate i .75, tincture of opium, 3. 5, water 100; applied to sprains and bruises. I. ru'bra, a solution of zinc sulphate in diluted compound tincture of lavender. lotion (lo'shun) [L. loiio.J i. A washing. 2. A wash ; see lotto. Louis's ang'le (loo-e') [Antotne Louis, Parisian surgeon, 1723-1792.] Angulus Ludovici, the angle, with forward convexity, between the manubrium and the body of the stemiim. (The angle is referred to Antoine Louis on the authority of the dictionary of Landouzy et Jayle; it is commonly, however, referred to Pierre Louis.) Louis's law (loo-e') [Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis, Parisian physician, 1787-1872.] i. Pulmonary tuberculosis usually begins In the left lung. 2. Every form of tuberculosis Is accompanied by ptilmonary localization. Lou'isville Arte'sian Well, Kentucky. Saline-sul- phureted-carbouated waters, 76.5° F. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, constipation, and func- tional liver disorders. Lou'isville Min'eral Springs, Kansas. The waters contain iron, sulphur, soda, magnesia, and car- bonic acid gas, 60° P. Two springs. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, constipation, affections of the liver and kidneys, and general debility. loupe [Fr.] A lens. louping-ill (low'ping-il). Leaping*-ill, thorter-ill. louse, pi. lice (lows) [A.S. lUs.] Pediculus, phthirius; an animal parasite infesting the hairy parts or the clothing, bod'y L, Pediculus vestimenii. crab 1., Phthirius inguinalis. head 1., Pediculus capitis. lousiness (low'zi-nes). Pediculosis, phthirlasis. lovage (luv'aj) [O.F. luvesche; L. ligusticum.] Levisticum. love'-sickness. Erotomania. Lower Blue Lick Springs, Kentucky. Saline- sulphureted-carbonated waters. Used by drink- ing and bathing in engorgements o fthe abdom- inal viscera, in gastric catarrh and skin diseases. Low'er's rings [Richard Lower, London physician, 1631-1691.] The four tendinous rings surround- ing the orifices of the heart. L.'s tu'bercle, tuberculum intervenosum. Lowy's test (lo'wl)[Otto Lowy, American pathologist.] A modification of the Abderhalden test applied to the diagnosis of cancer. lox'a-bark. Pale Peruvian bark, the bark of Cin- chona officinalis. lozar'thron, loxar'thrus [G. loxos, slanting, -f- arthron, joint.] A deformity of a joint'without dislocation or fractiire, such as knock-knee or clubfoot. loz'ia [G. loxos, slanting.] Wryneck, muscular tortlcoUls. lozophthal'muB [G. loxos, slanting, + ophthalmos eye.] Heterophorla, strabismus, squint. Lozopterygium (loks-o-te-rij'l-um) [G . loxos, inclined, ■ -I- pteryx, wing.] A genus of trees the bark of some species of which, red quebracho, is used as a substitute for cinchona. loxot'ic [G. loxotes, obliquity.] Slanting, distorted, awry. loxot'omy [G. loxos, slanting, -I- tome, incision.] Amputation by means of an oblique incision through the soft parts; distinguished from a circular amputation. loz'enge. A troche formerly of rhombic or "lozenge" shape, but now usually of disc form; see trochiscus. L-radia'tion. A radiation of slight penetrating power (300 times softer than the K-radiation) excited by a;-rays impinging on a metal anti- cathode. L.R.C.P. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. L.R.C.P.E. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. L.R. C.P.I. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland. L.R.C.S. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons. L.R.C.S.E. Abbreviation of Licentiate of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. L.R.C.S.I. Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. L.R.F.P.S. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Sturgeons, a Scottish institution. L.S.A. I . Abbreviation of Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries. 2. Abbreviation for left sacro- anterior presentation of the fetus, a breech pre- sentation with the back of the child directed toward the left acetabulum of the mother. L.S.P. Abbreviation for left sacroposterior pre- sentation of the fetus, a breech presentation with the sacrum of the child directed toward the left sacroiliac articulation of the mother. Lu. Chemical symbol of lutecium. luargol (lu-ar'gol). No. 102; remedy for syphilis proposed by Danysz as a substitute for salvarsan; it is an orange-yellow powder, chemically dioxydiaminoarsenobenzolstibicosilver sulphate, whose formula is: (Ci2Hi202N2AL2)2AgBrSbO- (HsS04)2; it is recommended for syphilis and trypanosomiasis in dose of i . 5 gram in six injec- tions of O . I S to 0.3 each at intervals of two to tour days; it is also given in trypanosomiasis of animals. Lu'barsch's crys'tals [Otto Lubarsch, German pathologist, *i86o.] Intracellular crystals in the testis resembling sperm crystals. lubrichondrin [lu-brl-kon'drin). Trade name of an antiseptic lubricant made from chondrus with for- maldehyde and eucalyptol. Luc's bpera'tion [Henri Luc, French laryngologist, *i8ss.] See CaldweU-Luc. Lucae's pres'sure probe (loo'ka) [Johann Constantin August Lucae, Berlin otologist, 1835-1911.] A probe in a hollow handle at the bottom of which is a fine steel spring; it is used in producing a form of massage In the treatment of non-sup- purative catarrhal otitis media. Lu'cas's sign [Richard Clement Lucas, English surgeon, 1846—1915.] Abdominal enlargement in rickets. Lucas-Championniire's disease' (lii-kah'shahii-pe- on-e-air') [Just Marie Marcellin Lucas-Cham- pionnihe, French surgeon, 1843-1913.] Pseudo- membranous bronchitis. LUCHON 574 LUMBRICOSIS Luchon, France (lii-shawn'). Sulphurous waters, employed internally and externally in cutaneous, pulmonary, and rheumatic troubles. lu'cid [L. lucidus; lucere^ to shine.] Clear, distinct; marked by mental clarity. lucidifica'tion [L. lucidus, clear, + facere, to make.] Clarification, making clear. lucid'ity. Clarity, especially mental clarity. lu'cotherapy [L. lux(luc-), light, + G. therapeia, treatment.] Phototherapy. Ludloff's sign (lood'lawf) [Karl Ludloff, Breslau surgeon, *i864.] I. Swelling and ecchymosis at the base of Scarpa's triangle in traumatic separation of the epiphysis of the small tro- chanter, z. Inability to raise the thigh when in the sitting posture in case of the same accident. Ludovi'ci Etng'ulus [gen. of Ludovicus, Latinized form of Louis or Ludwig.] Louis's* angle. Ludwig's an'glna (lood'vlg) [Wllhelm Frledrlch von Ludwig, Stuttgart surgeon, 1790—1865.] A phlegmonous inflammation of the floor of the mouth and upper part of the neck ; It is a strepto- coccal infection occurring usually as a complica- tion of some other disease; angina Ludovlcl, cynanche sublingualis; cynanche cellularls ma- ligna gangrasnosa. Ludwig's angle (lood'vlg) [Daniel Ludwig, German anatomist, 1625-1680.] The bend at the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum, usually called Louis's angle, after Antoine or Pierre Louis Ludwig's gan'glia (lood'vlg) [Karl Frledrlch Wll- helm Ludwig, German physiologist, 1816-1895.] Small collections of cells along the course of the cardiac nerves In the septum atrlorum (inter- auricular septum). L.'s lab'yrinth, pars con- voluta of the renal cortex, Iabyrlnth(3). ludyl (lu'dil). Trade name of an organic arsen- ical compound having properties similar to those of galyl and, like the latter, employed in the treatment of syphilis and diseases of protozoal origin. Luecke's test (liik'eh) [Georg Albert Luecke, Ger- man surgeon, 1829—1894.] For hlppurlc acid; add hot nitric acid to the urine and evaporate to dryness ; the presence of hlppurlc acid is Indicated by an odor of nitrobenzol upon further heating. Lu'er syr'inge. A glass syringe with air-tight glass piston, for hypodermic and intravenous use. lues (lu'ez) [L. pestilence.] A plague, or pestilence ; specifically, syphilis. 1. nervo'sa, a form of syphilis in which nervous lesions occur with unusual frequency, or which is followed by tabes or paresis. 1. vene'rea, syphilis. lu'etin. A killed culture of Treponema pallidum em- ployed in the Noguchi cutireaction or luetin test for syphilis; see Noguchi* test (3). luet'ic. Syphilitic. L mask, see mask. Lugol's' caus'tic [J. G. A. Lugol, Parisian physician, 1786— 1851.] Iodine X, potassium iodide x, water a. L.'s solu'tion, Uquor'" lodl composltus. Luhatschowitz, Austria (loo-haht'sho-vlts). Alka- llne-sallne-bromo-lodlzed-carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drinking in catarrhal affections, uric acid gravel, and gouty affections. May 15 to September 30. lumba'go [L. lumbus, loin.] Rheumatism of the tendinous attachments of the muscles of the lum- bar region, causing great pain and rigidity; osphyalgia, osphyitis, lumbodynia. ische'mic 1., a lumbar type of intermittent claudication,* a vascular form of backache characterized by a painful cramp of the muscles in the lumbar region excited by the exertion of walking or standing and promptly relieved by rest. lum'bar. Relating to the loins, or the part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis. - 1. punc'ture, a, puncture into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, made between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrse, in order to remove an excess of fluid, or a specimen of fluid for ex- amination, or to inject an anesthetic solution. 1. re'gion, the space on either side of the umbilical region bounded above and below by the subcostal and Intertubercular lines; see cut under abdomi- nal. 1. ver'tebrae, the five vertebrae between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum LuMBAK Puncture: The point of puncture is on the transverse line joining the summits of the two iliac crests. lumboabdominal (lum"bo-ab-dom'i-nal). Relating to the sides and front of the abdomen. lumbocolos'tomy. The formation of an artificial anus by opening Into the colon in the left lumbar region. lumbocolot'omy. Incision into the colon In the left lumbar region. lumbocos'tal. i. Relating to the lumbar and the hypochondriac regions. 2. Relating to the lum- bar spine and the ribs, noting a ligament connect- ing the first lumbar vertebra with the neck of the twelfth rib. Itunbodyn'ia [L. lumbus^ loin, H- odyne, pain.] Lumbago. lumboiliac (lum-bo-ll'I-ak). Lumbolngulnal. lumboinguinal (lum-bo-ln'gwl-nal) [L lumbus, loin, + inguen, groin.] Relating to the lumbar and the Inguinal regions, lumboiliac lumboovarian flum-bo-o-va'rl-an). Relating to the ovary and the lumbar regions. lumbosa'cral. Relating to the lumbar spine and the sacrum. lum'brical. i. Relating to or resembling an earth- worm, vermiform, lumbricold 2. Musculus . lumbrlcalls. lumbrica'lis [L lumbricus, an earthworm.] One of the worm-like muscles of the hand or foot; see under musculus. lumbricide (liim'brl-sid) [L. lumbricus + ctedere, to kill.] 1. Destructive to limibricoid worms, a. An agent which kills intestinal worms. lum'bricoid [L. lumbricus, earthworm, + G. eidos, resemblance.] x. Resembling an earthworm, vermiform. 2. A round worm parasitic In;. the human intestine, Ascaris lumbricoides. , lumbrico'sls. Infestation with lumbricolds or round Intestinal worms. LUMBRICUS 575 LUPUS lumbri'cus [L. an earth-worm.] An intestinal parasitic worm, Ascaris lumhricoides . lum'bus, gen. lu-m'bi [L.] The loin. lu'men, pi. lu'mina [L. window.] The space in the interior of a tubular structure, such as an artery or the intestine. lu'minal. ±. Relating to the lumen of a blood- vessel or other tubular structure. 2. Tradename of phenylethylbarbituric acid, recommended as an hypnotic, similar in action to veronal, given in doses of gr. 2-i-s (o . 1 5-0 . 3) . 1. so'dium, a sodium salt of 1., employed hypodermically in 20 per cent, solution. luminif'erous [L. lumen, light + ferre, to carry.] Producing or conveying light. lum'py-jaw. Actinomycosis in cattle. lu'nacy [L. luna, moon.] Insanity. lu'nar [L. luna, moon.] i. Relating to the moon or to a month. 2. Resembling the moon, espe- cially a half -moon, semilunar, crescentic. 3. Relating to the os lunatum, or semilunar bone of the carpus. 4. Relating to silver (the moon was the symbol of silver in alchemy). 1. bone, OS lunatum. 1. caustic, nitrate of silver in pencil form. luna're. Os lunatum. lu'nate bone. Semilunar bone, os* lunatum. lu'natic. An insane person, a madman. lunat'ic. Insane, crazy. Landrail's 'blood cri'sis (loond'vahl) [Halvar Lund- vall, Swedish neurologist.] The change from leuco- penia to leucocytosis in cases of improvement, and the reverse in deterioration, in dementia prascox. lung [A.S. lungen.] One of a pair of viscera occupy- ing the cavity of the thorax, the organs of respira- tion in which aeration of the blood takes place. The right lung is slightly larger than the left and is divided into three lobes (an upper, a middle, and a lower or basal), while the left has but two lobes (an upper and a basal). Each lung Is irregularly conical in shape, presenting a blunt upper extremity (the apex), a concave base fol- lowing the curve of the diaphragm, an outer con- vex surface (jacies costalis), an Inner or medi- astinal surface (fades mediastinalis), a thin and sharp anterior border {-margo anterior), and a. thick and rounded posterior border (margo posterior), brown indura'tion of the 1., a condition characterized by consolidation of portions of the I lungs consequent upon long-continued congestion due to heart disease, dust-disease of the 1., pneu- monoconiosis. fi'broid 1., a 1. which is the seat of chronic interstitial pneumonia, inflamma'tion of the 1., pneumonitis. 1. fever, pneumonia. 1. fluke, Distoma ringeri. mason's 1., pneumono- coniosis. miner's 1., anthracosls, chalicosls. pig'ment indura'tion of the 1., brown Induration of the 1. abscess, pneumapostema. absence, apneumia. cal- culus, pneumolith, pneum6nolith. collapse, atelec- tasis, pneumatelectasis, apneumatosis. congestion, pneumonemia. stethemia, hypostasis pulmonum, dila- tation of alveoli, emphysema, pneumonectas.'a. disease , pneumonopathy, pneumopathy, pneumonosus, pneu- monosis. dropsy* pneumonedema, pneumochysis, hydropneumonia, pulmonary edema, dust ^deposit, pneumonoconiosis, pneumoconiosis, anthracosis, chali- cosis, siderosis, lithicosis, lithosis. edema, pneumone- . dema, hydropneumonia, pneumochysis. ezcision of a part, pneumonectomy, pneumectomy, pulmonectomy. fistula, pneumonosyrinx. fixation to thoracic wall, pneumonopexy, pneumopexy. fungous disease, pneu- momycosis, gangrene, pneumocace, pneumonecrosis, necropneumonia. hemorrhage from, pneumorrhagia, hemoptysis, pneumoptysis; stethomenia (vicarious menstruation), hemorrhage into, pneumohiemorrha- gia, pulinonary apoplexy, incision, p-eumonotomy, pneumotomy, pneumatotomy. inflammation, pneu- monitis, pulmonitis, pneumopleuritis, pleuropneumon- itis, peripneunionitis. measurement of capacity, pneu- mometry, pneumonometry, pulmometry. pain, pneumonalgia, pneumonodynia. plague involving, pneumonopestis. puncture, pneumocentesis. pus- containing cavity, ^vomica. science relating to, pneumology. softening, pneumomalacia, pneumono- malacia. suture, pneumonorrhaphy. tuberculosis, pneumonophthisis, pneumonophymatosis. lung'er. Slang for consumptive. lungmotor (lung'mo-tor) . A device similar to the pulmotor, used to pump air or a mixture of air and oxygen into the lungs in cases of asphyxia. lung'wort. The herb Pulmonaria officinalis, form- erly used In pulmonary and bronchial affections. lu'nula [L. dim. of luna, moon.] [BNA] The opaque whitish semilunar area near the root of the nail. 1. val'vulse semiluna'ris, the free border of a semilunar valve at each side of the nodulus or corpus Arantii. lu'panine. An alkaloid, CuHj^NjO, from the seed of Lupinus albus, L. angustifolia, and L. perennis. lupet'azin, A white crystalline powder, resembling piperazin In its therapeutic action. lu'pifonn [L. lupus + forma, form.] Resembling lupus. lu'pine. A plant of the genus Lupinus, the seeds of some species of which are used for fodder, those of others contain poisonous alkaloids. lupin'idine. Sparteine, an alkaloid from Lupinus luteus and L. niger, lu'pinine. An alkaloid, CuHuN, from Lupinus luteus. lupino'sis [L. lupinus, lupine.] Lathyrlsm. lu'poid [L. lupus + G. eidos, resemblance.] Lupi- form. lupo'ma. One of the tubercles of lupus vulgaris. lu'pous. Relating to lupus. lupuli'num [L. lupulus, dim. of lupus, hop-plant.] (N.F., Br.). Lupulin, the glandular trichomes. ,o£ the fruit of Humulus lupulus, the hop-plant; a light yellowish brown granular powder of bit- ter taste; antispasmodic and sedative in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). lu'pulus. The hop-plant, Humulus lupulus. lu'pus [L. wolf.] Tuberculosis of the skin, occurring in the form of reddish brown tubercles, aggre- gated In the form of nodules or patches ; same as 1. vulgaris, acute' 1., a form in which the disease advances rapidly with inflammatory symptoms. Cazenave's' 1., 1, erythematosus. Hil'liard's I., 1. marginatus. 1. annula'ris, 1. occurring in a spreading circle, healing in the center and spread- ing at the periphery. 1. discra'tus, an eruption of Isolated tubercles or groups of tubercles of lupus, scattered over the body. 1. dissemina'tus, I. discretus. 1. eiythemato'des, 1. erythemato'sus, 1. sebaceus, 1. superficialis, seborrhoea congestiva, ulerythema centrifugum ; an eruption of flattish red papules, usually with a small white scale In the center of each, occurring In patches on the face and scalp — often on each cheek with a bridge extending over the nose (.butterfly eruption) ; scarring follows healing of the eruption. 1. exfoliati'rus, a desquamative form of 1. 1. hyper- troph'icus, (i) a form of 1. in which the tubercles are grouped into prominent nodules constituting distinct tumors; (2) 1. sclerosus. 1. liv'ido, per- sistent cyanotic lesions on the extremities, pos- sibly allied to the eruption of Raynaud's disease. 1. lymphat'icus, lymphangioma circumscriptum. 1. margina'tus, a disease of the skin, resembling 1 verrucosus, situated on the hand and spreading up the arm. 1. papillomato'sus, 1. verrucosus. 1. per'nio, 1. erythematodes of the ears and hands follo7?lng chilblains. 1. psori'asis, a form of 1. In which there , Is a formation of scales simulating LUPUS S76 LYMPH psoriasis. 1. sclero'sus, a permanent thickening of the skin due to excessive connective-tissue formation in lupus. 1. serpigino'sus, a creeping 1. which continually involves new areas of the skin on one side 'while healing with scar formation on the other. 1. tu'midus, 1. hypertrophlcus. 1. verruco'sus, (i) a warty or papillomatous vege- tation springing from a lupous ulcer; (2) anatom- ical tubercle, verruca necrogenlca, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, a, skin lesion having a, warty papillary surface on a raised plaque with inflam- matory base, with some exudation of pus on the surface that dries into crusts. 1. vulga'ris, tuber- culous lupus, see the main title. 1. vulga'ris erythematoi'des, a form of tuberculous 1. having a superficial resemblance to 1. erythematosus. lu'ra [L. the mouth of a bottle.] The contracted term.ination of the infundlbulum of the brain. Lusch'ka's bur'sa [Herbert von Luschka, German anatomist, 1820-1875.] L.'s tonsil. L.'s car'ti- lage (i) a small cartilaginous nodule sometimes found in the anterior portion of the vocal cord; (2) a small cartilaginous mass in the lower part of the faucial tonsil. L.'s cys'tic glands, minute glandular lobules occupying little oval depressions in the wall of the gall-bladder near the neck. L.'s ducts, gland-like tubular structures in the wall of the gall-bladder, especially in the part covered with peritoneum. L.'s foram'ina, Key-Retzius* foramina. L.'s gland, (i) L.'s tonsil; (2) glomus caroticum; (3) glomus coccygeum. L.'s lig'ament, a fibrous band stretching between the anterior sur- face of the pericardium and the posterior surface of the sternum. L.'s ton'sil, pharyngeal tonsil.* Lusk's contrac'tion ring [William T. Lusk, New York physician, 1838—1897.] Bandl's* ring. Lust'garten's bacill'us (loost'gar-ten) [Sigmund Lusigarten, New York dermatologist, bom In Austria, 1857-1911.] A bacillus, resembling the smegma bacillus, formerly thought to be the specific microorganism of syphilis. Lus'tig's plague se'rum [Alessandro Lustig Italian pathologist, contemporary.] An antitoxic and bactericidal serum obtained by immunizing horses with a substance prepared by dissolving plague bacilli in a I per cent, caustic soda solution, filter- ing, and precipitating with dilute hydrochloric acid. lu'sus natu'rae [L. a joke of nature.] A monstrosity or congenital abnormality, lutecium (lu-te'shyum) [L. Lutetia, Paris.] A very rare element, symbol Lu, atomic weight 174, lu'tein (lu'te-in). 1. The yellow pigment in the corpus luteum, or any lipochrome. 2. An in- ternal secretion of the ovary which, with ovulin and foUiculin, constitutes the hormone oophorin. lu'tidin. A liquid, C,H,N, obtained by the action of caustic potassi on clnchonine; antispasmodic. luxa'tio [L. luxare, to dislocate.] Luxation. 1. Impeifec'ta, sprain. luza'tion [L. luxatio.] Dislocation. Luxeuil les Bains, France (luk-seye-la-ban') Saline, and chalybeate-manganic waters. The saline springs register from 48°F. toi25°F.; the others, 80° F. to 84° F. Eleven springs. Used by drink- ing and bathing in anemia, nervous affections, debility, rheumatism, especially Intestinal rheu- matism, paralysis, gastralgla, chronic constipa- tion, and diseases of women. June 10 to Sep- tember 30. luzu'riant [L. luxuriare, to run riot.] Exuberant, growing in excess. luz'us [L. extravagance, luxury.] Excess of any sort. 1. breath'ing, unnecessarily deep and forc- ible inspiration. 1. consunip'tion, excessive consumption of food beyond the needs of the organism. 1. heart, combined dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart. Luys' bod'y (Ifl-es') [Jules Bernard Luys, French physician, 1828-1897.] Nucleus hypothalamlcus, a small ganglion beneath the optic layer, con- nected above with the corpus striatum and below with the superior cerebellar peduncle. L.'s me'dian cen'ter or nu'cleus, the Internal nucleus of the optic layer. Luys' sep'arator (lu-es') [Georges Luys, Paris sur- geon, contemporary.] A diaphragm attached to a curved and doubly tunnelled sound, by means of which the cavity of the bladder is divided into two compartments, so that the urine entering from each ureter may be collected separately. lycan'thropy [G. lykos, wolf, + anthropos, man.] The Insane delusion that the subject is a wolf, possibly a mental atavism of the were-wolf superstition. ly'cetol. Dimethylpiperazine tartrate; a white, odorless, soluble powder, made by the reaction of glycerin and - ammonium chloride during distil- lation; employed as a diuretic and uric-acid sol- vent In doses of gr 15—30 (1.0-2.0) per day. Lychnis githago (lik'nis gith'a-go). Agrost mma githago, corn-cockle, the seeds of which are said to produce githagism when eaten. lycoc'tonine. An alkaloid, possibly the same as pseudaconine, obtained from Aconiium lycocto- nunu, an exceedingly poisonous species of aconite. lycoma'nia. Lycanthropy. Lycoper'don [G. lykos, wolf, + perdomai, I break wind.] A genus of fungi, the puffballs. ly'copln. A resinous extract of lycopus, a brownish powder of bitter taste; employed as an internal hemostatic in doses of gr. 1-5 (o . 06-0 .3). lycopo'dium [G. lykos, wolf, + pous(pod-), foot.] (U.S.) Vegetable sulphur, the spores of Lycopo- dium clavatum and other species of L., club-moss, a yellow, tasteless, and odorless powder; employed as a dusting powder and in pharmacy to prevent the agglutination of pills in a box. It is employed in eclectic practice In the treatment of dyspepsia, catarrhal cystitis, spasmodic retention of urine In children, congestive headache, vertigo, and boils. In doses of 11J15— 10 (0.3-0.6) of the specific preparation every hour. In homeopathic prac- tice it Is employed for pyrosis, constipation, brick-dust deposit In the urine, jaundice, and impotence, in the 30th potency. ly'copus [G. lykos, wolf, + poos, foot.] Bugle- weed, the whole plant Lycopus virginicus, an herb of eastern and central North America; hemostatic and astringent, employed In diarrhea In doses of gr. 5-30 (o . 3-2 .0). L. europte'us, the bitter bugle-weed of Europe is employed as a tonic in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0) of the fluldextract. lycorex'ia [G. lykos, wolf, -I- oreXis, appetite.] Bulimia. lye (11) [A.S. ledh.'\ Lixivium, the liquid obtained by leaching wood ashes; a solution of potassa or soda ly'gosine. The sodium salt of a condensation prod- uct of acetone and salicylic aldehyde, sodium dlorthocumarketone ; employed externally as a bactericide In gonorrhea, va^nitls, and ulcerative skin diseases, In 2 to 10 per cent, solution. lying-Jn'. i. Confinement, labor, childbirth. 2 Relating to childbirth, obstetrical. lymph [L. lympha, clear spring water.] i. A clear yellowish or light straw-colored flxild, resembling chyle In chemical composition, but containing less LYMPH 577 LYMPHECTASIA fibrinogen and fat, which circulates In the lymph spaces, or lymphatic vessels, of the body; It consists of a clear liquid, liquor lymphm, and white cells, lymphocytes. ■^. Vaccine, an'imal 1., vaccine virus derived from the heifer, aplas'tic 1., an inflammatory 1. containing little fibrin and many leucocytes, which therefore does not tend to form a fibrinous exudate or become organized. blood-1., 1. exuded from the blood-vessels and not derived from the tissues, bo'vine 1., animal 1. coipus'cular 1., aplastic 1. euplas'tic 1., inflam- matory 1. containing much fibrin and few leuco- cytes, which tends to become organized, hu'man- ized 1., vaccine 1. derived from the human subject, inflamm'atory 1., a yellowish usually coagulable fluid effused on the surface of an inflamed serous membrane or any wound. Koch's 1., tuberculin. l.-cell, lymphocyte, l.-channel, the space in a 1.- node through which the lymph clrciUates. 1. cor'puscle, lymphocyte. l.-gland, l.-node, lymph- aden, lymphoglandula.* l.-scrotum, see lymph- scrotum. l.-«inus, 1. space (i). l.-space (i) any cavity or circumscribed dilatation of a l.-vessel filled with lymph; (2) l.-channel. l.-vessel, lymphatic (3), lymphangion, vas* lymphaticum. tissue-1., Ijrmph, as distinguished from blood-1. vaccine 1., the dried serum from the vesicles of vaccina in the heifer (bovine 1.) or man (human- ized 1.). lymph'aden [L. lympha + G. aden, gland.] A lymph node, lymphoglandula.* lymphad"enecta'sia [lymphaden + G. ektasis, extension.] Enlargement of a lymph-node. lymphade'nia. Hyperplasia of the lymph-nodes. 1. os'sium, myelomatosis. lymphad'enism. i. Enlargement of the lymphatic glands. 2. The general symptoms of lymphad- enoma. lymphadenitis (llmf-ad-en-i'(e')tls). Inflammation of a lymph node, paratuber'culous 1., an enlarge- ment of the mesenteric and other lymph-nodes containing no tubercle bacilli, but associated with the presence of tuberculosis in some other region. lymphad'enoid [lymphaden + G. eidos, resemblance.] Relating to, or resembling, or derived from a lymph-node. lymphadenoma (limf-ad-e-no'mah) [lymphaden + G -oma.] I. An enlarged lymph-node. 2. A cir- cumscribed hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, lymph- oma, malig'nant 1., lymphosarcoma, mul'tiple 1., Hodgkin's* disease. lymphadenomatosis (litnf-ad"e-no-ma-to'sis). A con- dition marked by the occurrence of multiple lymphadenomatous growths, lymphomatosis. general 1. of bones, Kahler's* disease. lymphadeno'matous. Relating to lymphadenoma. lymphadenosis (limf-a.-de-no'sis) [lymphaden + -osis.] Lymphatic leucemia. lymph'seduct. Lymphoduct, a lymphatic vessel. lymphae'mia. Lymphemla. lymphagogue (limf'a-gog) [L. lympha + G. agogas, drawing forth.] An agent which promotes an increase of fluid in the lymph-channels. lymphangeitls (lymf-an-je-i'(e')tis). Lymphangitis. lymphan'gial. Relating to a lymphatic vessel. lymphangiecta'sia [L. lympha + G. angeion, vessel, + ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the lym- phatic vessels; lymphangiectasis, lymphangioma. lymphangiecto'des [L. lympha + G. angeion, vessel, + ektasis dilatation, + eidos, appearance.] Lymphangioma circumscriptum. lymphangiitis (llm-fan-je-i'(e')tis). Lymphangitis. lymphan"gioendothelio'ma. Lymphendothelioma. 37 lymphangiology (limf"an-ji-ol'o-jI) [lymphangion + G. -logia.l The branch of medical science which deals with the lymphatic system. lymphangioma (limf"an-ji-o'mah) [L. lympha + G. angeion, vessel, + -oma.] A circumscribed en- largement and new formation of the lymphatic vessels. 1. capilla're vaiico'sum, 1. circumscrip- tum. 1. cavemo'sum, cavernous lymphangiec- tasia, cavemoma lymphaticum, a condition of marked dilatation of the lymphatic vessels form- ing cavities of varying size filled with lymph. 1. circumscrip'tum, 1. superficium, 1. capiUare vari- cosum, a localized new formation and dilatation of the cutaneous lymphatics. 1. cys'ticum, cystic lymphangiectasia, a. condition marked by the occurrence of multiple cysts, filled with lymph. 1. sim'plez, simple lymphangiectasia, a circum- scribed area of dilatation in moderate degree of the lymphatic vessels. 1. superfic'ium sim'plez, 1. circumscriptum. 1. tubero'sum mul'tiplez, a skin disease marked by the occurrence of multiple reddish cystic nodules, chiefly on the trunk, due to enlarged lymph spaces in the cutis with pro- liferation of the endothelium; it resembles spir- adenoma in all but its location. 1. zanthelas- moid'eum, a capillary 1. with colloid degeneration of the elastic tissues of the skin, marked by the occurrence of yellowish or whitish brown plaques scarcely, If at all, raised above the level of the skin. lymphangio'matous. Relating to lymphangioma. lymphan'gion [L. lympha, lymph, -I- G. angeion, vessel.] A lymphatic vessel, vas lymphaticxun [BNA]. lymphangiophlebitis (limf- an - je- o - fl6- bl'(be')tls). Inflammation of the Ijnoiphatlcs and veins. lymphan'gioplasty [L. lympha, a clear fluid, + G. angeion, vessel, + plasso, I form.] The forma- tion of artificial lymphatics by the introduction of burled silk threads, with the object of draining the tissues (e.g. of the "brawny arm" in cases of mammary carcinoma) when the lymphatic vessels are obliterated. lymphsmgiot'omy [lymphangion + G. tome. Incision.] 1. The anatomy of the lymphatics. 2. Incision of lymphatic vessels. lymphan"giosar'coma. A tumor possessing the characteristics of both lymphoma and sarcoma. lymphangitis (llmf-an-ji'(je')tls) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. angeion, vessel, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. 1. epizootica (ep-i-zo-ot'I- kah), a blastomycosis of the skin and trachea in the horse. lymphat'ic [L. lymphaiicus.] ±. Relating to the lymph. 2. A lymph-node. 3. A lymphatic vessel. 4. Sluggish in disposition. 1. cachex'ia, Hodgkin's disease. 1. dyscra'sia, (i) status lym- phaticus; (2) Hodgkin's disease. 1. gland, 1. node, lymphaden, lymphoglandula. 1. sarco'ma, lymphosarcoma. 1. tissue, lymphoid* tissue. 1. vessel, vas lymphaticum, lymphangion. lymph'atism. i. A condition in which there Is an excess ia the lymphoid or tonsillar structures. 2. The lymphatic temperament. 3. Status lym- phatlcus. 4 A condition marked by sluggish- ness in the vital processes. lymphatitis (limf-ah-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels or nodes. lymphatol'ysis [G. lysis, solution.] Destruction of the lymphatics or lymphoid tissue. lymphatolyt'ic. Destroying the lymphatics or lymphoid tissue. lymphectasia (limf-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. ektasis, exten- sion.] Dilatation of the lymphatics. LYMPHEDEMA 578 LYMPHOTOME lymphede'ma, lymphoede'ma [L. lympha, lymph + oidema, a, swelling.] Edema due to obstruction of the lymphatics, as In elephantiasis and lymph- scrotum. lymphe'mia, lymphse'mia [lymphipcyte) + G. haima, blood.] The presence of lymphocytes in large number in the blood, as in leucemla. lyinphen"dotheIio'ma. A tumor formed by pro- liferation and dilatation of the lymphatics with marked overgrowth of the endothelium of the vessels; see perithelioma. lymphenteritis (limf-en-ter-i'(e')tls) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. enieron, intestine, -t- -iiis."] Inflam- mation of the peritoneal covering of the intestine. lympherythrocyte (limf-erl-thro-sit). Anerythro- cyte. lymphiza'tion. The formation of lymph lymph-node, Lymphoglandula. lymphnoditis (limf "no-di' (e') tis) . Inflammation of the lymph nodes. lymphoadeno'ma. Lymphadenoma. lymph'oblast [lympho(cyte) + G. blastos, germ.] Myeloblast. lymphocele (lim'fo-sel) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. kele, tumor.] Lymphocyst, a cystic tumor con- taining lymph. l3Tnphocerastism (lim-fo-ser'as-tizm) [lymph -f- G. kerastos, mixed, mingled.] The process of for- mation of Ijmiphoid cells. lymphococcus (lim-fo-kok'us). A diplococcus found in certain cases of elephantiasis. lymphocyst (lim'fo-sist) [L. lympha, lymph, -|- G. kystis, bladder.] Lymphocele. lymphocyte (lim'fo-sit) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. kytos, cell.] I. A white blood corpuscle having no granules in its cytoplasm. There are two ',: varieties of lymphocytes; (a) the small lympho- \ cytes, about the size of a red corpuscle, having a large, homogeneously staining nucleus; these form from 20 to 25 per cent, of the white corpus- cles; (b) the large lymphocytes, from 2 to 3 times the size of the preceding and containing a rela- tively larger proportion of cytoplasm; they form only about i per cent, of the white corpuscles. 2. Lymph-corpuscle, a granular white cell indistinguishable from a white blood-corpuscle. lymphocythe'mia, lymphocythas'mia [lymphocyte + G. haima, blood.] Lymphocytosis, l5rmphemla. lymphocyt'ic. Relating to lymphocytes. lymphocytoblast (lim-fo-si'to-blast) [lym.phocyte, + G. blastos, germ.] The mother cell of a lym- phocyte. lymphocyto'sis. A form of relative leucocytosis in which there Is an increase in the number of lym- phocytes. lymphocytozoon (lim"fo-si-to-zo'on) [L. lym-pha, lymph, + G. kytos, cell, -I- goon, animal.] A supposed genus of parasitic anieboid cells found in lymphocytes or uninuclear leucocytes. L. coba'yae Kurloff's* body. L. paU'idum.Ross's* body. lymphoder'mia. A condition due to any disease of the cutaneous lymphatics. 1. pemicio'sa, leu- cemla cutis. iymph'oduct [L. lympha, lymph, + ductus, duct.] A lymphatic vessel, lymphangion. lymphogen'ic. Lymphogenous, having origin from lymph or the lymphatics. lymphogenous (lim-foj'en-us) [L. lympha, lymph, -|- G. gennao, I produce.] 1. Originating from lymph or the lymphatics, lymphogenic. 2. Producing lymph. lymphoglan'dula [L. lympha, lymph, + glandula, gland.] [BNA] A lymphatic gland or node, lymph-node; one of a number of nodules of various sizes and shapes found along the course of the lymphatic vessels; they are composed chiefly of l3Tnphold tissue. lym'phoid [L. lympha, lymph, + G. eidos, appear- ance.] I. Resembling lymph- 2. Adenoid 1. cell or el'ement, a small non-granular basophile cell with large nucleus, found in lymphoid tissue. 1. tissue, a tissue composed of a connective-tissue framework containing lymphoid cells in its meshes. lymphoidectomy (lim-foy-dek'to-mi) [lymphoid -|- G. ektome, excision.] Excision of lymphoid tis- sue; adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy. lymphoididity (lim-foy-didl-tl). A state in which lymphoid characteristics are present. lymphoidocyte (lim-foy^do-slt) [lymphoid + G. kytos, cell.] Myeloblast. lymphoi"dotoxe'mia, lymphoi"dotox8e'mia. Lym- phatism, status* lymphaticus. lympholeu'cocyte. Lymphocyte(i). lymphol'ogy. Lymphangiology, the branch of medical science relating to the lymphatics. lympho'ma, pi. lym-pho'mata [L. lympha, lymph, + G. -dma.] A tumor composed of lymphoid tissue ; lymphadenoma. atyp'ical 1., lymphosarcoma. malig'nant 1., Hodgkm's disease, multiple 1., lymphomatosis, typ'ical 1., lymphomatosis. lymphomato'sis. Multiple lymphoma, the occur- rence of deposits of lymphadenold tissue generally throughout the body. lympho'matous. Relating to lymphoma. lymphomegaloblast (lim-fo-meg'al-o-blast). Ameg- aloblast containing no hemoglobin. lymphomonocyte (lim-fo-mo'no-sit) [lympho{cyte) + monocyte.] A large uninuclear leucocyte. lymphomyelocyte (lim-fo-mi'el-o-sit). Myeloblast. lymphomyelo'ma. A medullary tumor composed largely of round cells, resembllnglymphold tissue. lymphomyxo'ma. A soft non-maUgnant tumor containing lymphoid tissue. lymphop'athy [L. lympha, lymph, + G. pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the lymphatic vessels or glands lymphopenia (lim-fo-pe'nl-ah) [lympho{cyte) + G., penia, poverty.] A reduction, relative or abso- lute, in the number of lymphocytes in the circu- lating blood. lymphoplasm (lim'fo-plazm). Spongioplasm. lymphoplasmia (lim-fo-plaz'ml-ah). Absence of hemoglobin in red blood-cells. lymphopoiesis (lim-fo-poy-e'sis) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. poiesis, producing.] The formation of lymphocytes. lymphopoietic (lini"fo-poy-et'ik). Producing or re- lating to the production of lymphocytes. lymphorrha'gia [L. lympha + G. rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Lymphorrhea. lymphorrhea, lymphorrhoea (llm-for-re'ah) [L. lympha, lymph, + G. rhoia, a. flow.] An escape of lymph on the surface from ruptured lymphatics. lymphosarco'ma, pi. lymphosarco'mata. A tumor formed by Infiltration of lymphoid tissue by small round cells. lymph"osarcomato'sis. A condition marked by the occurrence of multiple Independent lympho- sarcomata. Ly mphosporidium (lim-f o-spo-rid'I-um) . Leuco- cytozoon. lymphotaxis (lim-fo-tak'sis) [lympho(cyte) + G. taxis, orderly arrangement.] The exertion of a power of attraction or repulsion of lymphocytes. lymph'otome. An instrument for removing ade- noid growths in the rhinopharynx. LYMPHOTOMY 579 LYZE lymphot'omy. i. The anatomy of the lymphatic system. 2. Removal of adenoid growths. lymphotoxe'mia [L. lympha, lymph, + toxikon, poison, + haima, blood.] Status lymphatlcus. lymphot'rophy [L. lympha, lymph, + trophS, nourishment.] Nourishment of the tissues by lymph In parts devoid of blood-vessels. lymph-scro'tum. Elephantiasis of the scrotum with varicose lymphatics, due to the presence of filarlae. lymphu'ria [lymph + G. ouron, urine.] Discharge of lymph In the urine. lymph-vai'ix, pi. lymph-var'ices. The formation of varices or cysts In the lymph-nodes In consequence of obstruction In the efEerent lymphatics. lymph-vas'cular. Relating to the lymphatic vessels. lyophUe, lyophiUc (U'o-fil, U'o-iil'ik) [G. lyo, I dissolve, -I- phileo, I love.] In colloid chemistry, noting a dispersed phase having a pronounced affinity for the dispersion medium; when the dispersed phase is lyophile, the colloid is usually a reversible one. 1. coll'oid, hydrophilic colloid, emulsoid, emulsion colloid, lyophobe, lyophobic (li'o-fob, li"o-fo'bik) [G. lyo, I dissolve, + phobos, fear. ] Noting a dispersed phase having but slight affinity for the dispersion medium ; when the dispersed phase is lyophobic the colloid is usually an irreversible one. 1. coll'oid, hydrophobic colloid, dispersoid, suspen- sion colloid. lypema'nia (li-pe-ma'ni-ah [G. lype, sadness, + mania.'] Melancholia, depressive Insanity. lypothymia [G. lype, sadness, -t- thymos, mind.] Lypomanla. ly'ra [L. and G. lyre.] Psalterlum, lyre of David, commissura* hippocampi [BNA]. 1. uteri'na, arbor vitae uteri, plicae palmatae [BNA]. lysar'gin. Trade name of a preparation of colloidal sliver, used like the organic silver salts as an antiseptic. lyse'mia [G. lysis, solution, -t- haima, blood.] Hemoglobinuria. lys'idine. Ethylene-ethenyldiamine, occurring In pinkish crystals; employed In 50 per cent, solu- tion In the treatment of the urlc-acld diathesis. In doses of 15130-60 (2.0-4.0). 1. bitar'trate, a colorless crystalline powder soluble In water; employed In the urlc-acld diathesis In doses of gr. IS-4S (1.0-3.0). lysim'etCT [G. lysis, solution -t- m.etron, measure.] An apparatus for determining the degree of solu- bility of any substance. ly'sin [G. lysis, solution.] A specific antibody which acts destructively upon cells and tissues; the different lyslns are designated, according to the parts acted upon, hemolysin, bacteriolysln, ne- phrolysln, etc. lysine (li'sen). One of the hexone bases produced from various proteins by hydrolytic cleavage; upon putrefaction it yields cadaverine. ly'sis [G. solution or loosening.] 1. The gradual subsidence of the symptoms of an acute disease; a form of the curative process, distinguished from crisis. 2. The destructlonof blood-cells, bacteria, etc., by a specific lysln; according to the form of cell destroyed the process is called hemolysis, nephrolysis, bacteriolysis, etc. Jy'soform. Trade name for a liquid formaldehyde potash soap, antiseptic and deodorant ; employed in solution or ointment in the treatment of psoriasis and various skin diseases, bromldrosls, alopecia, and for the sterilization of surgical Instruments. ly'sogen. An antigen causing the production of a specific lysln. lysogen'ic. Relating to the formation of lyslns. ly'sol. Trade name of a mixture of soaps and phenols, obtained by boiling a mixture of tarry oils, resins, fats, and alkalies; an oily brownish liquid having an odor of creosote ; employed las a disinfectant dressing and wash for the hands in 2 to 4 per cent, solution. lys'sa [G. lyssa, fury.] Rabies, hydrophobia. lyss'in. 1. The virus of rabies. 2. Hydropho- blnum. lyssophobia (lis"o-fo'bI-ah) [G. lyssa, rabies, -I- phobos, fear.] i. A morbid fear of acquiring rabies. 2. A neurosis resembling hydrophobia in its symptoms, sometimes affecting one who has been bitten by a supposedly rabid dog and who is morbidly apprehensive of having the disease. lysul'fol. Trade name of a black mass said to be a mixture of Ijrsol and sulphur; recommended as a local application in psoriasis, scabies, and prurigo lyt'ic. Relating to lysis in either sense. lyze (liz) . To cause lysis. M s8o MACROBRACH M M. Abbreviation for myopia or myopic ; for m-ille, a. thousand: In prescriptions, for ntisce, mix. m. Abbreviation for meter, minim. m-. Abbreviation, in chemistry, for meta-. fL [Greek m.] Abbreviatldn for micron. ma. Abbreviation for milliamp^re. II.A. Abbreviation for meter angle. M+Am. Abbreviation for compound myopic astigmatism. macaco-worm (mah-kah'ko-wurm). The grub of a fly, Dermatobia* noxialis. McAr'thur's meth'od [Louis Linn McArthur, Amer- ican surgeon, *i858.] Enteroclysis by means of a catheter introduced into the ductus choledochus,in toxic cases following operation on the gall-bladder. McBur'ney's incision [Charles McBurney, New York surgeon, 1845— 1913.] An incision parallel with the course of the external oblique muscle, one or two inches from the anterior superior spine of the Ilium J employed In the operation for appendicitis. UcB.'s point, a point between ij and 2 inches above the anterior superior spine of the ilium, on a straight line joining that process and the umbilicus, where pressure of the finger elicits tenderiLKS in cases of appendicitis. UcCall'ister's Soda Springs, Oregon. Cold. Two springs. Used by drinking in malaria, dyspepsia, and rheumatism. McCar'thy's re'flex. Supraorbital reflex. UcCUn'tock's sign [Alfred Henry McClintock, Irish physician, 1822-1881.] A pulse rate of over 100, an hour or more after childbirth, indicative of post-partiun hemorrhage. MacConk'ey's bile-salt agar [Alfred Theodore MacConkey, English physician, contemporary.] See under agar. UacC.'s bile-salt bouillon, see under bouillon. MacCormac's re'flex. Crossed knee-jerk; when the patellar tendon is struck, adduction of the opposite leg results. McDon' aid's solu'tion [Ellice McDonald, American surgeon, *i876.] A solution employed chiefly for the disinfection of the hands and the field of operation, consisting of pyxol, 2; acetone, 40; alcohol, 60. Macdow'ell's fre'num. That part of the tendon of the pectoralls major which extends into the muscular substance. mace [L. macis.] ArlUus myrlsticae, the arillode, or husk, surrounding the nutmeg; employed for the same purposes as nutmeg. macerate (mas'ur-at) [L. macerare, to make soft, to soak.] To soften by steeping or soaking. maceration (raas-ur-a'shun). i. [L. tnacerare, to soak.] Softening by the action of a liquid, z. [L. macer, lean.] Emaciation. Macewen's opera'tion (mak-u'en) [Sir William Macewen, Scotch surgeon, *i848.] Supracon- dyloid osteotomy of the femur for knockknee. M.'s sign, M.'s symp'tom, percussion of the skull one or two Inches behind the junction of the frontal, parietal, and temporal bones gives a more resonant note In cases of abscess of the brain or of internal hydrocephalus. McGav'in meth'od. Filigree* implantation. Hache u'nit (mah'kheh) [Heinrich Mache, Vienna physicist, *i876.] A unit of measure of radii emanation; abbr. M.U., in German writings M. One thousand Mache units denote the amount emanation in eqmiibrium with tj^jVit ing- radium; i microcurie equals 2670 Mache uni macies (m^'se-ez) [L. leanness.] Emaciation. macintosh (mak'in-tosh) [after the Inventor, Chai Macintosh, Scotch chemist, 1766— 1843.] waterproof cloth or tissue made by treating w a solution of india-rubber; tised for waterprc garments and in surgical dressings. ma'cis (N.F.). Mace, the arillode or seed-coveri of nutmeg, Myristica fragrans; similar in properties to nutmeg; dose gr. 8 (0.5). McKees' line. A line drawn from the tip of t cartilage of the eleventh rib to a point an in and a half to the inner side of the anterior super spine, then curved downward, forward, a inward to just above the internal abdomii ring; a guide to the common iliac artery. Mackenrodt's meth'od (mahk'en-rot) [Alwin K: Mackenrodt, German gynecologist, *i85 Vaginal fixation of the round ligaments for t correction of backward displacement of t uterus. Macken'zie's amputa'tion. A modification of Symi amputation at the ankle joint, the flap bei: taken from the inner side; see cut luider amp taiion. Macken'zie's disease [Sir James Mackenzie, Iyond( physician, contemporary.] X-dlsease. macken'zol [after Sir Morell Mackenzie, EngU laryngologlst, 1837-1892.] Trade name of ; antiseptic solution for use as a spray in diseas of the upper respiratory tract. mack'intosh. Macintosh. McLean's for'mula (mak-lan') [Franklin C. M Lean, American physician. *i888.] A modific tion of Ambard's formula, giving the result terms per cent. : The index of urea excretion = gm. urea per 24 hrs. Vgm. urea per liter urine X 8.S weight in kilos X (gm. urea per liter blood)' MacLean'-Maz'well disease' [Charles Murray Ma Lean, Canadian physician in West Africa, co; temporary; James Laidlaw Maxwell, Engli; physician in Formosa, contemporary.] A chron enlargement of the posterior third of the • calcis accompanied by pain on pressure and walking. Macleod's rheumatism [Roderick Macleod, Scoti physician, 1795-1852.] Rheumatoid arthrii with abundant serous eiluslon in the afEect( joints. macrencepha'lia, macrenceph'aly [G. makros, larg + enkephalos, brain.] Hypertrophy of the brai; the condition of having a large brain. macTobacte'rium [G. makros, large.] A bacteriu of large size, megabacterlum. macrobio'sis [G. makros, long, + bios, life.] Lo: gevity. mac'roblast [G. makros, large, -I- blastos, gem Megaloblast. macrobrachia (mak-ro-bra'M-ah) [G. makros. Ion -I- brachion, arm.] Condition of having abno mally large or long arms. CROCARDIUS S8i MACROSCOPICAL rocai'dius [G. tnakros, large, + kardia, heart.] monster with abnormally large heart. rocepha'lia, macroceph'aly [G. makros, long, rge, + kephale, head.] i. DoUchocephaly. 2. egalooephaly. rocephal'ic. Macrocephalous. roceph'alous. Having a long or large head. Tochemistiy (mak-ro-kem'ls-trl). The employ- ent of chemical tests, the reactions of which lolor change, effervescence, etc.) are visible to le naked eye ; distinguished from mlcrochemlstry . rochilia (mak-ro-ki'U-ah) [G makros, large, + leilos. Up.] A condition of permanent swelling ; the lip due to the presence of greatly distended •mph spaces; cavernous lymphangioma of the P- rochiria (mak-ro-ki'ri-ah) [G. makros, large, + leir, hand.] Chelromegaly; abnormal size of le or both hands. Tococ'cus. One of a group of bacterial cocci of rge size, megacoccus. roco'lon [G. makros, long, + kdlon, colon.] A gmold colon of tinusual length. iroconidium (mak"ro-ko-nid'i-uni). A conidi- m, or exospore, of large size. rocoT'nea [G. makros, large.] A cornea of lusual size or projection ; megalocomea. rocytase (mak-ro-si'taz). According to Metch- ikoff, a cytase or complement, formed by the rge uninuclear leucocytes, which acts upon the limal cells, blood-corpuscles, etc. 'rocyte [G. makros, large, + kytos, cell.] 1. A rge uninuclear leucocyte, macrophag. 2. A rge erythrocyte present In pernicious anemia. rocythe'mia, macrocythae'mia [G. haima, blood.] he presence of macrocytes In unusual number In le blood, hyperchromaf ic m., m. in which the rge red cells contain an undue amount of nnoglobin. rocyto'sis. Macrocythemla. rodac'tylism [G. makros, long, + daktylos, iger.] Dactylomegaly, megalodactyllsm ; ab- >nnal size of one or more fingers or toes. rodac'tyly, macrodactyl'ia. Macrodactylism- 'rodent [G. makros, large, + odousipdont-), oth.] Having large teeth, megadont. rodon'tia, mac'rodontism. The presence of mormally large teeth. roerythroblast (mak-ro-erl-thro-blast). Macro- )nno blast, a cell derived by mitosis from a meso- mphoidocyte. roesthesia, macro^esthesia (mak"ro-es-the'zI-ah) ■. makros, large, + aisthesis, sensation.] A sub- ctive sensation of large size of all objects uched. rogamete (mak-ro-gam'et) [G. makros, large, + ■mete, wife.] The female element in anlsogamy, ' conjugation of unicellular organisms of unequal !e; It Is the larger of the two cells, more full of serve material, and but little if at all motile; egagamete. rogametocyte (mak-ro-gam'e-to-slt) [macroga- ite + kytos, cell.] The mother-cell producing e macrogametes, or female elenients of sexual production in Protozoa. rog'amy. [G. makros, large, + gamos, marriage.] mjugatlon of two adult cells or gametes. rogen'esy [G. makros, large, .-I- genesis, origin, oductlon.] Gigantism. roglos'sia [G. makros, large, -I- glossa, tongue.] ilargement of the tongue, due usually to local mphangiectasla, or to muscular hypertrophy; egaloglossla. rog'raphy [G. makros, large, + grapho, I write.] Writing with very large letters, sometimes observed In the Insane. macrola'bia [G. makros, large, -1- L. labium, Up.J Macrochilia. macroleucoblast (mak-ro-lu'ko-blast). An ex- cessively large leucoblast. macroma'nia [G. makros, large, + mania, frenzy.] 1. Megalomania. 2. A delusion that all objects surrounding the subject, or the subject himself or his members, are of Immense size. macromas'tia [G. makros, large -I- mastos, breast.] Macromazla, abnormal size of the breasts. macroma'zia [G. makros, large, + mazos, breast.] Macromastia macrome'lia [G. m-akros, large, + melos, limb.] Megalomelia, abnormal size of one or more of the extremities. macrom'elus [G. makros, large, + melos, limb.] A monster with abnormally large extremities. macromere (mak'ro-mer) [G. makros, large, -f- meros, part.] A blastomere of large size, macromerozoite (mak-ro-me-ro-zo'it) [G. makros„ long, large, + merozoile.'] A large merozoite. macromono'cyte. An excessively large monocyte- macronormoblast (mak-ro-nor'mo-blast). Macro- erythroblast. macronormochToinoblast (mak-ro-nor"mo-kro'mo- blast). A large normoblast, macroerythroblast.* macronu'cleus [G. makros, large.] The larger of the two nuclei In Infusoria; it governs the vege- tative metabolic functions, and has nothing to do with reproduction ; trophonucleus, somatic nucleus . macronychia (mak-ro-nlk'I-ah) [G. makros, large, + onyx(onych-^, nail.] Abnormal size of the nails of fingers or toes. macropathol'ogy [G. makros, large.] The part of pathology which deals with the gross anatomical changes of disease. macrophag, macrophage (mak'ro-fag, mak'ro-f5j> [G. makros, large, + phag{ocyte).'\ One of the large uninuclear or transitional leucocytes, phagocytic especially for other cells of the body,. animal cells, such as the malarial parasite, and pigment; according to Metchnikoff this form is probably the main source of antitoxin. macrophag'ocyte. Macrophag. macrophallus (mak-ro-fal'lus) [G. makros, long, + phallos, penis.] Abnormally large size of the penis, megalopenis. macrophthal'mous [G. makros, large + ophthalmoSy eye.] Having abnormally large eyes. macroplasia (mak-ro-pla'zi-ah) [G. makros, large, + plasis, moulding, formation. J Overgrowth,. hypertrophy, hyperplasia; gigantism. macropo'dia [G. makros, large, + pous{pod-), foot.] Abnormally large size of the feet. macropromyelocyte (mak"ro-pro-mi'el-o-sit). A promyelocyte derived from a large instead of a. small lymphoidocyte. macrop'sia [G. makros, large, + opsis, vision.] The subjective perception of objects as larger than they are. macrorrhin'ia [G. makros, large, + rhis(rhinr), nose.] Excessive size of the nose, either congen- ital or pathological. macroscelia (mak-ro-se'll-ah) [G. makros, large, -I- skelos, leg.] Abnormal length or thickness of the legs. macroscop'ic [G. makros, large, + skoped, I view.] Noting an object which is visible to the naked eye, megascopic. macroscop'ical. Relating to macroscopy or the examination of objects without the aid of a mag- nifying glass or microscope. MACROSCOPY 582 MAGMA macros'copy. The examination of objects with the naked eye macrosmatic (mak-roz-mat'ik) [G. tnakros, large, + osme, smell.] Noting an abnonnally keen olfac- tory sense. macroso'mla [G. makros, large, + soma, body.] Abnormally large size of the body. mac'Tospcre [G. makros, large, + sporos, seed.] One of the larger spores of certain protozoans, their size being due to their paucity. macrosto'mia [G. makros, large, + stoma, mouth.] Abnormally large size of the mouth. mac'rotin. Clmlclfugln. mac'rotome [G. makros, large, + iome, cutting.] An Instrument for making gross anatomical sections. mac'ula, pi. mac'ulce [L. a spot.] i. A small spot, or what appears as a spot on section, differing in color from the surrounding tissue. 2. A small discolored patch or spot on the skin, not elevated above the general surface; macule. 3. A moderately dense opacity of the cornea, m. acus'tica [BNA], acoustic macula or spot; an oval area about 3 mm. in length in the wall of both sacculus (m. a. sac'culi [BNA]) and utric- ulus (m. a. utric'uU [BNA]) in the membranous labyrinth; each of these maculae consists of fusiform nucleated supporting cells, between which are flask cells (also nucleated) having a hair-like process projecting from the free extrem- ity of each, hence called hair-cells; on the sur- face of each macula is a collection of rhombic calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia; the macula is in relation with the nerve-fibers which terminate in arborizations around the hair-cells, m. al'bida, pi. macultB albidtE, one of a number of white spots or patches, sometimes observed post mortem on the serous layer of the pericardium, m. atroph'ica, an atro- phic glistening white spot In the skin, usually following a circumscribed hemorrhage, m, caeru'lea, blue spot, a bluish stain on the skin caused by the bites of fleas, Uce, or other cutaneous parasites, m. cor'nero, macula (3). m. cribro'- sa [BNA], one of three areas {inferior, media, and superior) on the wall of the vestibule of the laby- rinth, marked by numerous foramina giving pas- sage to nerve-filaments supplying portions of the membranous labyrinth; sometimes a fourth (»j. cribrosa quaria) is described, giving passage to the cochlear nerve, m. fla'va [BNA], a yellow- ish spot at the anterior extremity of the rima glottidis where the two labia vocalia join. m. germinati'va, germinal spot.* m. gonorrho'ica, a spot of brighter red than the surrounding mem- brane, the congested li'ps of the duct of Bartho- lin's gland, sometimes seen in gonorrhea, m. lac'tea, m. albida. m. lu'tea [BNA], yellow spot, a small orange-yellow area on the inner surface of the retina at a point corresponding to the posterior pole of the eyeball, and therefore in the visual axis, m, tendin'ea, m. albida. Mon- go'lian mac'ulse, Mongolian spots.* mac'ular. Relating to or marked by macules, spotted. mac'ulate. Marked by macules, spotted. macula'tlon. The formation of macules; the presence of macules macule (mak'al) [L. macula, spot.] A small, smooth, circmnscribed area of discoloration of the skin; see macula. maculocer'ebral. Relating to the macula lutea and the brain, noting a type of nervous disease marked by degenerative lesions in both the retina and the brain. maculopap'ule. A papiile rising from a maciile. maculosus (mak-u-lo'sus) [L.] Maculate, spotted. MacWill'iam's test [John Alexander MacWilliam, English physician, *i857.] On the addition of a few crystals of salicyl-sulphonic acid to thirty drops of urine in a small test-tube, a precipitate not dissipated on heating indicates albumin; if boiling clears the urine the precipitate is albumose. mad [A.S. gerndd.] 1. Rabid, hydrophobic. 2. Insane. madaro'ma. Madarosls, madaro'sis [G. making bald.] Loss of the eyebrows or of the eyelashes. Mad'dox double prism [Ernest Edmimd Maddox, English ophthalmologist, *i86o.] Two prisms with their bases in close apposition, employed in testing for torsion of the eyeball. M. 's rod, a glass rod, or series of parallel glass rods, set in the center of an opaque disc ; when held in front of one eye it converts the image of a candle into a streak of light, and the position of this streak in relation to the Image of the candle seen by the other eye Indicates the presence and degree of heterophoria. Mad'elung's defor'mity [Otto Wilhelm Madehmg, German surgeon, *i846.] Manus valga, radius* curvus. M.'s disease', diffuse symmetrical lipomatosis, or deposit of fatty tissue, on the upper part of the back, shoulders, and neck. M.'s neck, M.'s disease confined to the neck. M.'s sign, increased difference between the axillary and rectal temperatures in purulent peritonitis. madescent (mad-es'ent) [L. madescere to become moist.] Becoming moist; slightly moist. madidans (mad'1-danz) [L. madidus, wet, moist.] Moist, noting certain skin lesions. Madu'ra foot [Madura, a district in Madras, India.] Mycetoma. Ilagendie's fora'men (ir.a-zhahn-de') [Franfols Magendie, French physiologist, 1783-1855.' Median aperture of the fourth ventricle, metapore, an opening in the roof of the fourth ventricle, a short distance above the calamus scriptorlus, by which the cavity communicates with the sub- arachnoid space. M.'s law, Bell's law, the ante- rior spinal roots are motor, the posterior are sensory. M.'s solu'tion, liquor morphinae hypo- dermlcus (N.F.). M.'s spa'ces, spaces between the pla and arachnoid at the level nf the fissures of the brain. Magendie-Hertwig sign (mS-zhahn-de' hairt'vig). Skew deviation of the eyes, one eye being directed higher than the other. magisteiy (maj'is-ter-1) [L. magister, master.] A precipitate or other medicinal preparation sup- posed to have been authoritatively compounded. magistral (maj'ls-tral) [L. magister, master.] i . Re- lating to a master orone in authority, authorita- tive. ^. Noting a medicinal preparation com- pounded according to a physician's prescrip- tion. Magitot's disease' (m^-zhJ-to') [Emile Magitot, French dentist, 1833-1897.] Osteoperiostitis of the dental alveoli. mag'ma [G. a, soft mass or salve.] i. A soft mass left after extraction of the active principles. 2. A salve or thick paste, m. bismu'thi (U.S.), milk of bismuth, a thick white liquid, consisting of an aqueous suspension of bismuth subcarbon- ate and hydroxide; dose 5i (40). m. fer'rihy- drox'idi (N.F.), magma of ferric hydroxide, formerly ferri hydroxidum (U.S.); solution of ferric sulphate, laa, ammonia water, 138, water .GMA 583 MAGNUS'S SIGN OF DEATH 1 make 300 ; antidote to arsenic, m. magne'sise J.S.). magnesia magma, milk of magnesia; an jueous suspension of very finely divided mag- 5sium hydroxide made by the interaction of .agnesium sulphate and sodium hydroxide ; ant- ;id and laxative in doses of 52 (80), containing 30ut gr. 8 (0.5) of magnesium hydroxide, m. iticula're, delicate strands running between the Dlk-sac and the wall of the blastocyst. na'Iium. An alloy of aluminum with mag- ;slum, lighter in weight, but harder, than umlnum, pan's sign (man-yon') [Valentin Magnan irisian ahenlst, *i83S.] Paresthesia in the sychosis of cocaine habltufe, who Imagine they ive a foreign body. In the shape of a powder or ae sand, under the skin, and that It Is constantly langing Its position. M.'s trom'bone move'ment, 1 Involuntary forward and back movement of le tongue when It Is drawn out of the mouth, ;currlng In general paralysis of the insane. pe'sia. Magnesll oxldrnn. m. al'ba, magnesil irbonas. cal'cined m., magnesll oxldum. ien'iy's m., a proprietary preparation of m. Dnderosa. Hiis'band's m., a. proprietary prepa- itlon similar to Henry's m. m. le'vis (Br.), ght magnesia, magnesil oxldum. m. pondero'sa Br.), heavy magnesia, magnesll oxldum ponder- sum. ^e'sium [G. Magnesia, a region In Thessaly hence magnesia was largely obtained In ancient mes.] A mineral element, sjmibol Mg, atomic eight 24.32, of silvery luster, the base of the Ikaline earth magnesia. It bums with an itense white light, very rich In actinic rays, and therefore employed 111 photography, magne'- i ben'zoas, magnesium benzoate, a white crystal- ne powder, recommended In gout and renal thlasls In doses of gr. 3-15 (0.2—1.0). mag- e'sii boroci'tras, magnesium borocitrate, occurs 1 the form of a white powder or colorless scales ; nployed as a urinary antiseptic In doses of gr. 5-30 (i. 0-2.0). magne'sii carbo'nas (U.S.,Br._) lagneslum carbonate, magnesia alba, a white iorless powder of a slight earthy taste. Insoluble I water; the U.S.P. recognizes but one form, le light carbonate, but In the B.P. there are two irms: magnesii carhonas levis, light magnesium irbonate, and magnesii carbonas ponderosus, 3avy magnesium carbonate, the latter being )mewhat granular and heavier; employed In istric and intestinal acidity In doses of gr. 10-60 ). 6-4.0). magne'sii chlor'idum (N.F.), color- :ss crystals or white masses, deliquescent, solu- le in water and in alcohol; dose, 3 4 (16.0). lagne'sii ci'tras eServes'cens, effervescent mag- Bsium citrate; magnesium carbonate 60, citric :id 46, sodium bicarbonate 34, sugar 8, moist- led with alcohol, passed through a sieve, and ried to a coarse granular powder; laxative in OSes of 31-3 (4.0-12.0). m. group, three of le basylous elements, magnesiimi, zinc, and idmlum. magne'sii lac'tas, magnesium lactate, xurrlng In white aclcular crystals soluble in 30 irts of water; laxative in doses of gr. 15-60 :. 0-4.0). magne'sii oz'idum (U.S.), magne- um oxide, magnesia, magnesia levls (Br.), light agnesia, calcined magnesia, a fine white odorless Dwder of an earthy taste, Insoluble In water; itacldand laxative in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). lagne'sii ox'idum pondero'sum (U.S.), heavy lagnesIum oxide, magnesia ponderosa (Br.), savy magnesia ; antacid and laxative In doses of :. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). magne'sii sallcyl'as, mag- nesium salicylate, occurring as faintly reddish crystals, soluble In i o parts of water ; recommended in typhoid fever In doses of gr. 15-20 (i. 0-1.3). magne'sii sil'icas, see asbestos, magne'sii ste'- aras, magnesium stearate, dolomol.* magne'sii sul'phas (U.S., Br.), magnesium sulphate, Epsom salt, occurs in the form of aclcular crystals (some- times confused, with imtoward result, with those of oxalic acid), of bitter, disagreeable, saline taste, soluble In water; purgative In doses of 5i (16.0); externally employed as an analgesic in arthritis and other superficial Inflammations; magnesium siilphate is the active Ingredient of most of the advertised natural laxative waters. magne'sii sul'phas efferves'cens (Br.), efferves- cent magnesium sulphate, effervescent Epsom salt; magnesium sulphate 500, sodium bicarbon- ate 403, tartaric acid 211, citric acid 136, moisten,, pass through a sieve, and dry to a coarse granular powder; this is the former U. S. formula, the Br. preparation is practically the same; purgative In doses of 5i— I (16.0-32.0). magne'sii sul'phis, magnesium sulphite, a white powder, slightly solu- ble in water; recommended In pyemic conditions In doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0-2.0). mag'net [G. magnes.] Lodestone, magnetite, native magnetic oxide of Iron, a body which has the property of attracting particles of iron and which has magnetic polarity, i.e. when freely suspended, it tends to assume a definite direction between the magnetic poles of the earth. This is a natural magnet ; an artificial magnet is a bar or horseshoe- shaped piece of Iron which has been made mag- netic by contact wtth another magnet, elec'tro- magnet, a bar of Iron rendered magnetic by the passage round it of an electric current, m, opera'tion, the drawing out of a fragment of Iron or steel from the eyeball by means of a powerful electromagnet. magnet'ic. Relating to a magnet ; possessing mag- netism. Magnet'ic Min'eral Spring, Indiana. Sallne-calcic waters, 50° F. Used by drinking and bathing In various disorders. mag'netism. 1. The property of mutual attraction or repulsion possessed by magnets. 2. The science which has to do with magnets and their properties. magnetiza'tion. Rendering magnetic. magnetoelectricity (mag"ne-to-el-ek-trls'i-tI) Elec- tricity generated by the action of a magnet. magnetother'apy [G. iherapeia, treatment.] Treat- ment of disease by the application of a magnet. mag'niductor. Musculus adductor magnus. magnification (mag"nl-fi-ka'shun) [L. magnus, great, + facere, to make.] 1 . Apparent increase in size of an Object viewed under the microscope; when noted, this increased size is expressed by a figure preceded by X , indicating the number of times its diameter is apparently enlarged, a. Noting, in a lens, the degree of penetration as well as of ampli- fication. mag'nify. To cause to appear of larger size. magno'Ua. The bark of various species of Magnolia, sweet bay, swamp laurel, beaver tree, shrubs and trees of the eastern coast of North America; employed as a bitter tonib and diaphoretic In doses of 31""i (2.0-4.0). Magno'Ua Spring, Georgia. Chalybeate-sulphurous waters. Used by drinking and bathing for various disorders mag'num [L. magnus, large.] Os magnum. Magnus's sign of death (mahg'noos). Constriction MAGNUS'S SIGN OF DEATH 584 MALANDERS of a limb or one of its segments is not followed by venous congestion of the distal part. mag'olan. Trade name of an organic phosphorus compound, calcium anhydro-oxydiamine-phos- phate, recommended in the treatment of diabetes. Maher's disease' (mah'er). Paracolpitis. Mah'ler's sign [Richard A. Mahler, German obstetri- cian, contemporary.] A gradual increase in the rapidity of the pulse, without change in tempera- ture, in venous thrombosis in the puerperium. maid'enhead. The hymen. maidism (ma'dizm) [Zea mays, maize.] Pellagra. Mai'er's si'nus [Rudolf Maier, German physician, 1824-1888 ] An inftmdtbuliform depression on the internal surface of the lacrymal sac. maieusiomania (mi-u-sK-o-ma'nJ-ah) [G. maieusis childbirth, + mania.] Puerperal insanity. maieusiophobia (ml-u-sl-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. maieusis, childbirth, + phobos, fear.] Extreme dread of childbirth. maieutic (ml-u'tlk) [G. maieutikos, relating to obstetrics.] A rubber bag for dilatation of the cervix uteri; it is Inserted over the end of a catheter and then inflated with gas or water ; see cut Horrock's Maieutic: A, Fastened over the tip of a catheter ready for insertion. maieutics (mi-u'tlks) [G. maieutikos, relating to midwifery] Obstetrics. maim (mam), i. To disable or cripple by an injury 2. A hurt, injury, trauma. main (man) [Pr.] Hand. m. en crochet (oh kr6-sha'), a permanent flexure of the fourth and fifth fingers, resembling the hand of a woman crocheting with three fingers bent to guide the thread, m. en griffe, grlffin-claw. m. succu- lente (su-kii-lonf), edema of the hand. maisonneuve (ma-zon-nev') [J. G. Maisonneuve.] A form of urethrotome with concealed knife, which Is passed to the point of stricture and expanded to the desired degree, and then the knife is exposed and cuts the stricture. Maisonneuve's opera'tion (ma-zon-nev') [Jacques Gilles Maisonneuve, Parisian surgeon, 1809-1897.] Intestinal anastomosis. M.'s ure'throtome, an instrument for cutting urethral strictures, see the preceding title. Maissiat's band (may-se-d') [Jacques Henri Maissiat, Parisian anatomist, 1805-1878.] Iliotibial band, tractus* iliotlbialis. maize, Indian com, Zea mays. Majocchi's disease' (mah-yok'ke) [Domenico Majocchi, Bologna physician, contemporary.] Purpura annularis telangiectodes. make. The closure of an electric circuit andes tablishment of the current. Make'ham's hypoth'esis. A development of Gom- pertz's hypothesis as to the law of mortality fol- lowing some mathematical law. M. assumed that death was the consequence of two generally coexisting causes: (i) chance, (2) a deteriora- tion or increased inability to withstand destruc- tion; the first of these is constant, the second is an increasing geometrical progression. mal [Fr. ; L. malum, an evil J A disease or disorder; an evil, grand m. (grahn), a severe, or major, at- tack of epilepsy, marked by convulsions, first tonic, then clonic, oscillating pupils, feeble pulse, stupor, and unconsciousness, haut m. (o') [Fr. high], grand m. m. comitial (kfi-me-se-al'), epilepsy. m. de caderas (kah-da'rahs) [Sp. cadera, hip], a disease of horses in South America caused by infection with Trypanosom.a equinum. m. de Cayenne', elephantiasis, m. de coit (ko-e'), dourine. m. de los pin'tos, pinta. m. de Meleda (ma-la'dah), endemic symmetrical kerato- dermla of the extremities occurring on the Island of Meleda off the coast of Dalmatia m. de mer, seasickness, m. de San Laz'aro, elephantiasis. m. perforant (per-fii-ron') , perforating ulcer* of the foot. m. perforant' palatin (pa-ia-tan'),a perforating ulcer of the roof of the mouth open- ing into the nasal cavity, petit m. (p6-te') [Fr. small], a mild, or minor, attack of epilepsy, char- acterized by momentary unconsciousness but without convulsions other than slight twitching of the muscles of the face or extremities. ma'la [L. cheek-bone.] i. The cheek, bucca. 2. Cheek-bone, os zygomaticum. Malacarne's pyr'amid (mah-lah-car'na) [Michele Vincenzo Glaclnto Malacarne, Italian surgeon, 1744-1816.] A lobule on the under surface of the cerebellum, the posterior portion of the vermis. M.'s space, posterior perforated space, substantia* perforata posterior. malachite green (mal'a-kit). A dye which has been employed in trypanosomiasis by Injection of nji5 (i .0) of a 1-2000 solution mala'cia [G. ,nalakia, a softness. ] i . A softening of any of the tissues. 2. Pica. malaco'ma. Malacia. malacoplakia (mal-a-ko-pla'M-ah) [G. malakos, soft, -I- plax, a plaque.] The presence of soft fungoid patches in the mucous membrane of a hollow organ, as the stomach or the bladder. malaco'sis. Malacia. malacos'teon [G. malakia, softening, + osteon, bone.] Osteomalacia. malacotic (mal-a-kot'ik) [G. malakos, soft.] Soft, subject to malacia. m. teeth, teeth of comparatively soft texture, white in color, and susceptible to caries. malacot'omy [G. malakos, soft, + tome, incision.] Incision of soft parts, especially of the abdominal wall. malac'tic [G. malakiikos, softening.] Emollient. maladie du coit (mal-5-de' du ko-e') [Fr. disease from coitus.] Dourine. mal'ady [Fr. maladie. Illness.] Disease, Illness; especially a chronic, usually fatal, disease. malag'ma [G. a poultice.] A cataplasm or emollient. malaise (mS-laz') [Fr. discomfort.] A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an out-of-sorts feeling, oftesi the first Indication of an infection. mal'akin. Sallcylparaphenetidin, an antipyretic, analgesic, and anthelmintic remedy, used in doses of gr- 8-1 5 (0.5-1.0). malanders (mal'an-durz) [L. malandria, pustules LANDERS 58s MALLEOLUS the neck of a horse.] Psoriasis at the flexure the knee in the horse. ir. Relating to the mala, the cheek or cheek- ne. m. arch, zygoma m. bone, os zygomat- im. m. point, a craniometric point on the ex of the tuberosity of the zygomatic bone. ria (in3,-la'ri-ah) [It. malo (fern, mala), bad, aria, air, referring to the old theory of the asmatic origin of the disease.] A disease used by the presence of a protozoan parasite the red blood-corpuscles. Acute malaria itermittent* or remittent*) appears under ree chief forms: tertian* fever caused by ismodium vivax, quartan* fever caused by P. ilaricB, a.n& estivo-autumnal*f ever caused by P. ■Bcox. The disease is transmitted by the bite a mosquito of the genus Anopheles which has jviously sucked the blood of a person suffering im malaria. The unicellular parasite has two des of existence, the sexual in the body of the )squito, the non-sexual in the human blood, malarial attack or paroxysm consists of a ill, accompanied and followed by fever, with attendant general sjrmptoms, and terminates a sweating stage. The paroxysms which are ised by the sponilation of the parasite recur sry second day in tertian fever, every third y in quartan fever, at indefinite but frequent lervals in estivo-autumnal fever. In per- ■ious malaria the usual symptoms are very rere and are complicated by gastroenteric, tnorrhagic, or cerebral disturbances. Chronic ilaria, malarial cachexia, develops after fre- ently repeated attacks of one of the acute ■ms; it is marked by profound anemia, largement of the spleen, emaciation, mental pression, and muscular weakness. See the rers mentioned', congestive chill,* hemoglobi- ria, and malarial cachexia.* irin. Acetophenonephenetidln citrate, a color- s crystalline powder, slightly soluble In water; :ommended as an antipyretic and analgesic in ses of gr. 7^-15 (o . 5-1 . o) 'nous. Relating to or characterized by the jvalence of malaria. ssez's disease' (mal-ah-sa') [Louis Charles ilassez, French physiologist, 1842-1910.] stlc degeneration of the testis. M.'s meth'od, ' staining the neuroglia; stain the section in imonlacal picrocarmine, place in a 40 per cent, ution of potassa for 10 minutes, wash In dis- led water, treat with concentrated acetic acid, )unt in glycerin. sse'zia [Louis Charles Malassez.'] A genus of igi, various species of which have been Identi- d as the cause of tinea flava and other forms of Lea in the tropics. assimila'tion. Incomplete or fatdty asslmila- m. Ite. A salt of malic acid. xa'tion [L. malaxate, to soften.] i . The prepa- ;ion of a soft mass for making pills. 2. A eading process In massage. iges'tion. Imperfect digestion. [L. masculus.l Masculine ; noting the sex of a m as distinguished from that of a woman. mission (mal-e-mish'un) [L. malus, weak, -t- e, t, -I- miittere, to send.] Failure of the semen to ejected from the urethra in coitus. rba's test (mahl-er'bah) [Pasquale Malerba, ilian physician, contemporary.] For acetone, 3 presence of which is Indicated by the appear- ce of a red color on the addition of dimethyl- raphenylendiamine. malforma'tion. A congenital deformity Malgaigne's amputa'tion (mal-gan') [Joseph Fran- fols Malgaigne, Parisian surgeon, 1806-186 5.] Amputation of the foot with preservation of the astragalus to form the stump. M.'s appara'tus, a double-inclined plane for fracture of the thigh M.'s foss'a, fossa carotica. M.'s her'nia. Infantile inguinal hernia prior to the descent of the testis. M.'s hooks, hooks which seize the upper and lower fragments of a fractured patella and are then approximated by screws. M.'s tri'angle, the superior carotid triangle. Malgaigne's Hooks. (Landouzy and Jayle.) mal'ic [L. malum, apple.] Relating to apples, m. acid, an acid, CjHjOj, found in apples and various other tart fruits. malig'nancy. The property or condition of being malignant; virulence; noting the characteristic of a cancerous growth as distinguished from a benign neoplasm. nialig'nant[L. malignare, to do anything maliciously .] Resistant to treatment ; occurring in severe form ; tending to grow worse, and (in the case of a tumor) to recur after removal, m. pur'pura, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, m. tumor, cancer. malig'nin. A supposed intracellular femxent which endows cancer cells with their malignant char- acter, having the property of digesting normal tissues in an acid medium. malinger (ma-ling'gur) [Fr. malingre, poor, weakly.] To sham; to feign an illness, usually in order to escape work or excite sympathy. malingerer (mS-ling'gur-ur) . One who feigns disease. malingering (mS,-ling'gur-ing). Feigning disease. ma'lis [G. a distemper.] Any parasitic skin disease. m. pedic'uli, pediculosis, lousiness, phthiriasls. Mall's for'mula (mawl) [Franklin Paine Mall, Baltimore embryologist, *i862.] The age (in days) of an embryo is indicated by the square root of its length (measured from vertex to breech) in millimeters multiplied by 100. M.'s ovum, a specimen of an impregnated ovum about 13 days old; and another 26 days old. mall'eable [L. malleus, a hammer.] Capable of being beaten out into a thin plate, noting certain metals such as gold and silver. mallea'tion, A sort of hammering movement of the hands against the thighs, a form of tic. mallein (mal'e-ln). A glycerin extract of a culture of the glanders bacillus (B. mallei), employed in the diagnosis of glanders, a rise of temperature and tumefaction at the site of Injection denoting a positive reaction. mail'endeis. Malanders. malleoincudal (mal-e-o-ln'ku-dal). Relating to the malleus and the incus in the tympanum. malle'olar. Relating to one or both malleoli. malle'olus [L. dim. of malleus, hammer.] One of two rounded bony prominences on either side of the ankle-joint, m. latera'lis [BNA], lateral m. ; external or outer m., the process at the outer side ALLEOLUS 586 MAMMA 3f the lower end of the fibula, forming the pro- iectlon of the outer ankle, m. media'Us [BNA], nedlal m., Internal or Inner m., the process at the nner side of the lower end of the tibia, forming ;he projection of the inner ankle. .Ueot'omy [malleus + G. tome, incision.] i. Division of the malleus. 2. Division of the liga- nents holding the malleoli in apposition in order ;o permit of their separation In certain cases of :lubfoot. H'et-finger. Drop-finger. Ileus, gen. mal'lei (mal'e-us) [L.] 1. Hammer, ;he largest of the three ossicles, resembling a :lub rather than a hammer; it is regarded as laving a head or capitulum, below which is the leck or coUum, and from this diverge the manu- Jrium, or handle, and the anterior or slender jrocess; from the base of the manubrium the ateral or short process arises. The manu- jrium and lateral process are firmly attached ;o the membrana tympani, and the head articu- ates with a saddle-shaped surface on the bqdy )f the incus. 2. Glanders, equinia.* ll'ory's bod'ies [Frank Burr Mallory, American jhysician, *i863.] Protozoon-like bodies found n the epithelial cells and lymph spaces in the ikin in scarlatina. M.'s trip'fe stain, a con- lective-tissue stain: I, acid fuchsin, i, distilled vater, 1000; II, phosphomolybdio acid, i, dis- illed water, 100, water-soluble aniline blue, 0.5, )range G, 2. llow [L. malva.'] A plant of the family Malva- -.ece, to which belong the marshmallow. Althaea yfficinalis, and the mallow leaves, from Malva ■otundiflora and M.sylvestris, of the N.F. Inutrition (mal-nu-trish'un). Faulty nutrition ■esulting from malasslmllation. locclusion (mal"6-klu'zh\m) [L. malus, bad, + 'cdusus; occludere, to close up.] Abnormal )cclusion of the teeth, a misfit of the masticatory )r occlusal surfaces. lonylure'a. A crystalline substance, C^H^NjOj. I'oplasty [L. mala, cheek, + G. plassd, I form.] ileloplasty, genyplasty, plastic surgery of the iheek. ipighian (mal-pe'ge-an). Referring to or de- cribed by Marcello Malphighi (mahl-pe'ge), an talian anatomist, bom at Crevalcuore, near Bo- ogna, in 1628, died at Rome in 1694. M. bod'y, I. corpuscle. M. cap'sule (i) a thin fibrous mem- irane enveloping the spleen and continued over he vessels entering at the hilus; (2) Bowman's apsule, the membrane surrounding the M. tuftand onstituting with It the M. corpuscle of the kidney, I. cor'puscle, (i) corpusculum* renis; (2) nodu- tis* lymphaticus lienalis. M. gland, M. cor- luscle (2). M. glomer'ulus, the coil of oapil- ary blood-vessels surrounded by the M. cap- ule. and constituting with it the M. body r corpuscle. M. lay'er, the deeper portion of the pidermls, including the germinative, mucous, nd granular layers ; some anatomists Include also he stratum lucidum. M. nod'ule, M. corpus- le, nodulus* lymphaticus lienalis. M. pyr'- mid, pyramis renalis. M re'te, rete mucosum, tratum* germinativum. M. stig'mata, the ioints of entrance of the smaller veins into the irger veins of the spleen. M. stra'tum, M. lyer. M. tuft, M. glomerulus. M. ves'icles, he minute air-filled vesicles on the surface of an xpanded lung. Iposition (mal-po-zlsh'un) Faulty or abnormal osition of a part or of the body. malprac'tice. 1. Mistreatment of a disease or Injury through ignorance, carelessness, or crim- inal Intent. 2. Criminal abortion. malprax'is [L. malus, bad, + G. praxis, action.] Malpractice. malpresenta'tion. Faulty presentation of the fetus ; presentation of any part other than the occiput or the breech. malt, mal'tum (mawlt) [A.S. mealt.] (U.S.) The seed of barley, Hordeum distichum, artificially germinated and dried, containing diastase and peptose; employed in the orm of an extract, extractum* maltl, as a tonic digestive. Mal'ta fe'ver [Malta, an Island in the Mediterranean sea.] Rock fever, Mediterranean fever, Gibraltar fever, Neapolitan fever, undulant* fever. maltase (mawl'tSz) [malt^ose) + -ase.] A sugar- splitting enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic secretion which converts maltose inta dextrose. Malthusianism (mal-thu'd-an-izm) [Thomas Robert Malthus, English political economist, 1766-1834. [ The doctrine that population increases in geomet- rical progression; and the teaching, based upon this doctrine, that overpopulation should be pre- vented by sexual continence or by late marriage. maltine (mawl'ten). Trade name of a preparation of malt used as a food or a tonic. maltopep'slne. Trade name of a dlgestant contain- ing malt and pepsin. maltope'trol. Trade name of a preparation of malt with a petroleum derivative. mal'tose. Malt sugar (CijHjjOn) ; a dextrorotatory dlsaccharid formed by the hydrolysis of starch through the action of an enzyme. malt-sugar. Maltose. ma'lum [L. an evil.] A disease, m. cox'ae, hlp- dlsease. m. coz'se seni'le, senile hip-dlsease, osteoarthritis of the hip occurring in the aged, m. per'forans pe'dis, perforating ulcer* of the foot. m. vene'reum, syphilis, m. vertebra'le suboccipita'le, Rust's disease, tuberculosis of the atlas and axis and their articulations. malu'nion. Incomplete union, or union in a faulty position, after fracture or a wound of the soft parts. Mal'va [L.] A genus of plants of the mallow family. M. rotundifolia and M. sylvestris are sources of malvse folia (N.F.). malvee folia (mal've fo'li-ah). (N.F.) Mallow leaves, the dried leaves of Malva sylvestris and M. rotundifolia. Mal'vem Wells, England. Nearly pure waters with no organic matter and practically no saline con- stituents. Used by drinking In diseases of the bladder and kidneys, and skin affections. Maly's test (mah'le) [Richard Leo Maly, Austrian physiological chemist, 1839-1894.] Van der Velden's test, for free hydrochloric acid: the presence of hydrochloric acid will change the color of a solution of methylene blue from violet to blue or bluish green. mamanpian (ma-mon-pe-on'). Mother yaw, the most marked of the lesions In a case of yaws, or frambesla. mam'elon, mamm'elon [Fr. mamelon, nipple.] One of the rounded prominences, three in number, on the cutting edge of an incisor tooth when it first pierces the gum. mam'elonated. [Fr. mamelon, nipple.] Having rounded teat-Uke elevations ; nodulated. mam'elonation. The formation of rounded projec- tions or nodules on bony and other structures. mamil'la. Mammilla. mam'ma, gen. and pi. mam'mcn [L.] Breast, mam- mary gland, the organ of milk secretion; one of MMA S87 MANGANUM ro large hemispherical projections situated to e superficial fascia over the pectoralls major uscle on either side of the chest; It Is rudimen- ry In the male. The breast Is divided by fibrous id adipose septa into from 15 to 24 Irregularly aped lobes, each lobe having Its Independent =tlferous duct opening at the nipple. Each be Is made up of a number of lobules containing e secreting glands, the ducts of which join to rm the common duct of the lobe. m. accesso'- i [BNA], accessory breast, supernumerary amma. a milk-secreting gland located else- tiere than at the normal place on the chest and isting in addition to the two usual mammse. . errat'ica, a supernumerary breast aberrantly cated, i.e. in some part other than the milk* le. m. viri'lis [BNA] male breast, one of the ro, usually rudimentary, mammary glands in le man. I'mal. An animal of the class Mammalia. imal'gia [L. mamma, breast, + G. algos, pain.] astalgla. una'lia [L. m.am.ma, breast.] The highest class living organisms ; it includes all the vertebrate ilmals which suckle their young. I'mary. Relating to the breasts, m. gland, amma, breast. im'elon. Mamelon I'miform [L. mamma, breast, + forma, form.] esembllng a breast, breast-shaped. imil'la [L. dim. of mamma, breast.] i. Nipple, ipUla mammse [BNA]. i. Any nipple-like ructure. amilla'ria. See corpus mamillare; the [BNA] )elling is with one tn. I'millaiy. Relating to or shaped like a nipple. . bod'ies, m. processes, m. eminences, m. car'- icles, m. processes, olfactory bulbs, m. em'i- snces, corpora albican tia; prominences on the ner surface of the cranium, m, proc'esses, (i) 1 old name for the olfactory bulbs; (2) projec- Dns from the superior articular processes of the mbar vertebrae, m, tu'bercles, m. eminences. I'millate, mam'millated. Studded with nlpple- ce projections. imilla'tion. i. A nlpple-llke projection, x. lie condition of being mammillated. imiU'ifonn [L. mammilla, nipple, -1- forma, rm,] Nipple-shaped. unill'iplasty [L. mammilla, nipple, + G. plasso, form.] Thelyplasty. I'min. Trade name of an extract of cow's udder. unitis (mam-ml'(me')tls) [L. mamma, breast, + . -iiis.] Mastitis. I'mose. I Mammiform. 2. Having large breasts. imot'omy [L. tnamma, breast, -t- G. iome, clslon.5 Mastotomy. aca (man-ah-kah'). Franclscea, brunfelsla, igetable mercury; the dried root of Brunfelsia peana, a plant of Brazil lowlands; employed rheumatism and syphilis in doses of njjio-30 . 6-2 . o) of a fluidextract. chineel'. A tree of tropical North America, ivlng a caustic sap with emetic properties. chu'rian fever. A disease superficially resem- ing typhus or typhoid fever, endemic in Man- luria. 'cinism [L. mancus, crippled.] Lefthandedness. co'na bark. Erythrophleum. 'del's test [John A. Mandel, American physlo- gical chemist, contemporary.] For albumin: e addition of a 5 per cent, solution of chromic id will precipitate any protein present. Mandelbaum's reac'tion (man'del-bowm) [M. Man- delbaum, German physician, contemporary.] Thread-reaction. mandible (man'di-bl). Mandibula, the lower jaw. mandib'ula [L. a jaw.] [BNA] Mandible, inferior maxilla; a bone of horse-shoe shape, forming the lower jaw, articulating by its up-tumed extremities with the temporal bone on either side. mandib'ular. Relating to the lower jaw. niandib"ulopharyn'geal, Maxillopharyngeal . mandib'ulum. Mandibula. Mandl's solu'tion (mahn'dl) [Louis Mandl, Hungarian physician in Paris, 1812— 1881.] Iodine gr. v, potassium iodide gr. x. carbolic acid iKii, glycerin gss; employed as a local applipation in chronic catarrhal inflammations. mandrag'ora [G. mandragoras.'\ The European mandrake, Mandragora officinalis, or Airopa mandragora, the mandrake of the Bible; its properties are similar to those of stramonium, hyoscyamus, and belladonna. mandrag'orine. A mydriatic alkaloid from man- dragora, similar to atropine and hyosclne. man'drake. i. Mandragora. 2. Podophyllum. man'drel, man'dril. i. The shaft, spindle, or handle to which a tool Is attached and by means of which It Is rotated. 2. Mandrin. mau'drin [Fr. mandrin, mandrel.] A stiff wire Inserted in the lumen of a soft catheter in order to give it shape and firmness while passing through the urethra; mandrel. manduca'tion [L. manducare, to chew.] Chewing. manganese (man'gan-ez). Manganum. man'ganum [L. manganesium, an altered form of magnesium.] A metallic element . resembling, and often associated in ores with Iron, symbol Mn, atomic weight 54 . 93 ; the manganous salts are sometimes employed in medicine, some of them being official, man'gani carbo'nas, man- ganese carbonate, a brownish white powder; em- ployed In anemia in doses of ' gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). man'gani ci'tras solu'bilis (N.F.), soluble man- ganese citrate, manganese and sodium citrate, a mixture of manganum citrate and sodium ci- trate, a whitish powder or translucent scales, soluble in 4 parts of cold water; dose, gr. 3 (0.2). man'gani dioz'idum prsecipita'tum (U.S.), pre- cipitated manganese dioxide or blnoxlde, pyro- luslte, a black, odorless, tasteless powder insoluble in water; recommended as a tonic and alterative in syphilis in d sesof gr. 3-8 (0.2— 0.5). man'- gani glycerophos'phas solu'bilis (N.F.), soluble manganese glycerophosphate, manganese gly- cerophosphate rendered soluble by the addition of citric acid; dose, gr. 3 (0.2). man'gani hypo- phos'phis (N.F.), manganese hypophosphite, manganous hypophosphite, a pinkish odorless powder soluble in about 7 parts of water; em- ployed in anemia and nervous conditions in doses of gr. 2-5 (o . 13-0 . 3). man'gani iod'idum, manganese iodide; employed in anemia, usually in the form of syrup, in doses of gr. 1-3 (o . 06-0 .2). man'gani lac'tas, manganese lactate, occurs as pale reddish crystals, soluble in 12 parts of water; employed in anemia in doses of gr. 1—5 (o . 06-0 . 3). man'gani phos'phas, manganese phosphate, a white or pinkish powder, recommended in chloro- sis and as an alterative in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). mangani sulphas (N.F.), manga- nese sulphate, manganous sulphate, occurs as light pinkish, prismatic crystals, freely soluble in water; sometimes employed as an alterative and in anemia in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). man'- gani tar'tras, manganese tartrate, occurs as ^ANGANUM 588 MANYPLIES white or light reddish crystals; employed in anemia and chlorosis in doses of gr. 2—5 (0.13-0.3). langan'ic. Noting a, salt of manganese having the metal in a higher valence than the mangan- ous salt. langanous (man'gan-us). Noting a salt of man- ganese containing the metal in a lower valence than the manganic salt. lan'gasol. Magnesium chlorphenolsidphonate, em- ployed as an internal antiseptic in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6-1.3). Lange (manj) [Fr. manger, to eat.] A cutaneous affection of dogs and other animals, similar to scabies,, due to the presence of a burrowing mite. lan'gostan, man'gosteen. The bark of Garcinia mangostana, a tropical fruit-tree ; it is employed as an astringent. :anhatt'an Arte'sian Wells, Kansas. Sulphated- saline-acid waters, 55° F. Two wells. Used by drinking in malaria, rheumatism, constipation, renal disorders, diabetes, and general debility. .a'nia [G. frenzy.] A mental disorder character- ized by great psychomotor activity, excitement, a rapid passing of ideas, exaltation, and unstable attention, dan'cing m., epidemic chorea, choreo- mania. doubt^ing m., folie de doute, an excessive dubiety about all the affairs of life and a morbid scrupulosity in regard to minutice. m. a po'tu [L. a, from, + potus, drinking], an acute mania associated with hallucinations, due to chronic alcoholic poisoning; delirium tremens, peracute' m., acute maniacal* excitement, puer'peral m., acute insanity occurring in women after child- birth. a'niac. A violently insane person, one suffering from mania. aniacal (ma-ni'S-kal). Relating to or character- ized by mania; wild, furious, m. excite'xnent, a mental state resembling acute delirium from which it differs, however, in the fact that there are less confusion and incoherence of ideas and some- times the patient has a measure of control over his actions.. an'ic. Relating to mania. an'ic-depres'sive insan'ity. Alternating or cir- cular or cyclic insanity, cyclothymia; a mental disease in which stages of melancholia and of more or less pronounced maniacal excitement alternate. an'icure [L. manus, hand, + cura, treatment.] i. A careful toilet of the hands and nails. 2. A manicurist. an'lcurist. One who makes a business of caring for the hands and iinger-nalls. on'ihot. Cassava. Em'ikin [dim. of man.'] 1. A very little man a dwarf, z. A model of the human body or any of Its parts, used in demonstrating the anatomy, or practising certain manipulations, as those of obstetrics; a phantom. mipula'tion [L. manipulare, to handle.] Any manual operation, as palpation, extracting the fetus in difficult labor, expressing the placenta, etc. conjoined' m., the use of both hands in an obstetric operation, one being on the abdomen, the other in the vagina. inip'ulus [L.] A handful, a rough measure of quantity, in'Uou Springs, Colorado. The two groups of springs are the Soda Springs and the Iron Springs. The waters of the former are carbon- ated. Cold. Nine springs. Used by drinking In dyspepsia, waterbrash, acid eructations, flat- ulence, renal and bladder disorders, anemia. chlorosis, early phthisis, and debility. The entire year. Mann's sign [John Dixon Mann, English physician, 1 840-1 9 1 2.] The two eyes appear not to be on the same level in exophthalmic goiter. man'na [the food of the Children of, Israel in the desert.] (U.S., Br.) A saccharine exudation from Fraxinus ornus, flowering ash, a tree of the Mediterranean shores. It occurs as m. cannellata, flake m-, m. in lacrimis, m. in tears or small flakes, and m. communis or m. in sortis, m. in sorts; employed as a laxative, especially for children. In doses of 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 .0). Turkish m., trehala. Mannaberg's symp'tom (mahn'nah-bairg) [Julius Mannaberg, Vienna physician, *i86o.] The frequent accentuation of the second pul- monic sound in abdominal diseases, especially in perityphlitis. niannite (man'it). Manna sugar, C^Hifig, a white crystalline substance, of sweet taste, obtained from manna; laxative in doses of 5i— i(iS-d- 30 . o). mann'itol, mann'itose. Mannlte. Mann'kopf s sign [Emil Wilhelm Mannhopf, Ger- man physician, 1836-1918.] Acceleration of the pulse when a painful point is pressed upon, in a neurasthenic. mann'ose. Mcnnite mano'la. Trade name of a mixture of quinine, coca, phosphates, and other substances, used as a tonic. manom'eter [G. manos, thin, scanty, -f- metron, measure.] An instrument for Indicating the pressure of gases or vapor, or the tension of the blood. manomet'ric. Relating to a manometer. Man'son's pyo'sis [Sir Patrick Manson, of the London School of Tropical Medicine, *i844.] Pemphigus contagiosus, a contagious eruption characterized by the formation of large vesicles or buUcE, becoming purulent but never ulcerat- ing or crusting. man'tle. The cerebral cortex with the subjacent white substance; brain-mantle, palllxun. man'Ual [L. manus, hand.] Relating to or per- formed with the hand. manu'brium [L. handle.] The portion of . the sternum or of the malleus which represents the handle, m. mai'lei, the handle of the malleus running downward. Inward, and backward from the neck and attached throughout Its length to the tympanic membrane, m. ster'ni, the upper segment of the sternum, the presternum, a flat- tened, roughly triangular bone, occasionally fused with the body of the sternum, forming with it a slight angle, the sternal angle manudynamometer (man'u-di-nS-mom'e-tur) [L. manus, hand, + G. dynamis, force, * -|- metron, measure.] In dentistry, a device for measuring the force exerted by the thrust of an instru- ment. ma'nus, gen. and pi. manus [L.] Hand. m. cava, a condition of extreme concavity of the palm of the hand. m. exten'sa, clubhand with deviation backward, m. flexa, clubhand with forward deviation, m. superexten'sa, m. extensa. m. valga, clubhand with deviation to the ulnar side. m. vara, clubhand with deviation to the radial side. manustupration (man"u-stu-pra'shun) [L. manus, hand, + stupratio, fornication.] Masturbation. manyplies (men'1-pllz). The omasum, psalte- rium, or third stomach of an ox or other ruminant animal. NZ'S GLANDS 589 MARIENBAD t's glands [Wilhelm Manz, German oculist, ' 33-1911.] Gland-like structures found in the tijunctlva of animals, and sometimes of m, near the corneal circumference; Waldeyer .ims that they are not glands, but simple collee- ns of epithelial cells py tongue. Geographical tongue. li (mah'ke). A shrub of Chile, from the berries which a wine having an'tiperlodic properties is i.de. .gliano's se'rum (mah-rahl-yah'no) [D. Ma- lUano, Italian physician, contemporary.] A ■um, antitoxic to B cillus tuberculosis, prepared the injection into horses cf a mixture of t ber- lous toxalbumin and a watery tuberculin ido toxin). n'sis [G. wither;ng.] Marasmus. n'tic [G. marantikos, wasting.] Ill nourished, sting away, relating to marasmus, marasmic. schino (mar-as-ke'no). A cordial originally ide in Dahnatia from a special sort of cherry )wing in that country. s'mic. Relating to or suffering from maras- is, marantic. s'moid [G. marasmos, marasmus, + eidos, emblance.] Resembling marasmus. s'mus [G. marasmos, withering.] Extreme laciation or general atrophy, occurring espe- Uy in young children, not due to any specific d obvious cause, such as tuberculosis ; probably orm of intestinal autointoxication. ileization (mar-bl-l-za,'shun]. Becoming, or i condition of being, marbled or veined. escent (mar-ses'ent) [L. marcescere, to pine ay.] In botany, noting leaves or flowers lich are withering but have not yet fallen off. hand's adre'nals (mar'shant) [Felix Marchand, rman pathologist, *i846.] Accessory adrenal dies in the broad ligament. M.'s wau'dering 1, perithelial cell,* pyrrhol* cell. hi's bun'dle (mar'ke) [Vittorio Marchi, Italian yslcian, contemporary.] A group of fibers on 5 surface of the anterior funiculus, or white umn, of the spinal cord, descending from the •ebellum to the cells of the anterior gray column ; ewenthal's tract. M.'s meth'od, hardening ; specimen for 8 or 10 days in Muller's fluid, lowed by immersion for from i to 3 weeks in 5 same with the addition of J part of a i per it. solution of osmic acid; stains fat black. 's reac'tion, failure of the myelin sheath of a rve to blacken when submitted to the action of nic acid. M.'s tract, M.'s bundle. cid [L. marcidus; marcere, to wither.] Wasting ay, emaciating, tabid. kwald's opera'tion (mark'valt) [Max Marck- Id, German surgeon, *i844.] An operation ■ stenosis of the external os uteri, consisting in i excision of two wedge-shaped pieces from posite sides of the portio vaginalis, and suturing 5 edges of the defects. ols, France. Alkaline-carbonated waters, ed by drinking in diseases of the stomach, liver, d kidneys, and rheumatism. cor [L. marcere, to wither.] Marasmus. e'la Springs, Maryland. Chalybeate-arsenical ters. Used by drinking in anemia, chlorosis, spepsia, weakness and irritability of the blad- r, chronic cystitis, urethritis, and in functional ;orders of the female pelvic organs. The sum- ;r months. Ichal's test (mar-a-shal') [Louis Eugene Mari- j/, French physician, contemporary.] For bile the urine : the addition of a drop of a solution of tincture of iodine, i, in alcohol, 10, to the sus- pected urine produces a bright green color at the point of contact of the two fltiids if bile is present. mare's-tail. Erigeron. mar'etin. Trade name for a coal-tar derivative, metatolylhydrazine carbamlnate, or carbamlc acid tolylhydracld; a white crystalline substance employed as an antipyretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 3—10,(0.2—0.6). Mar'ey's law [Etienne Jules Marey, Parisian physiolo- gist, 1830— 1904.] The pulse, when blood-pres- sure is high, is slow. M's sphyg'mograph, an apparatus for recording the curve of the radial pulse. Maret's Sphtgmograph. Marfan's disease' (mar-fahn') [A. B. Marfan, Parisian physician, contemporary.] A progress- ive spastic paraplegia occurring in children the subjects of hereditary syphilis; the lesion is a myelitis involving the pyramidal tracts. margar'ic. Resembling or relating to pearl ; marga- rid. m. acid, a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids. mar'garid. Pearl-like ; margaric. Margar'opus annula'tus. The cattle tick or North American fever tick, instrumental in the spread of Texas cattle fever; the genus was formerly called Boophilus. margin (mar'jin) [L. margo, border, edge.] The boundary or edge of any surface, gum m., the termination of the gums at the necks of the teeth. marginal (mar'ji-nal) [L. margo, a border.] Relat- ing to a border or edge. margina'tion. The adhesion of the leucocytes to the walls of the blood-vessels in beginning in- flammation, m. of the placen'ta, see placenta marginata. mar'ginoplasty. Plastic or reparative surgery of the tarsal border of an eyelid. mar'go, gen. mar'ginis, pi. mar'gines [L. margin.] Edge, margin, border. Marie's disease' (mS-re') [Pierre Marie, Parisian neurologist, '*i853.] i. Acromegaly 2. Hyper- trophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. 3 . Hered- itary cerebellar ataxia. 4. Rhizomellc spondylo- sis. M.'s sign, tremor of the hands in exophthal- mic goiter. Marie'-Kah'ler symp'tom. Marie's"* sign Marie'-Rob'inson syn'drome. Insomnia and mild melancholia associated with alimentary levulo- suria. Marie -Strtim'pell disease'. Marie's"* dlsease(4). Marienbad, Bohemia (mah-re'en-baht) . Alkaline- sallne-chalybeate-carbonated waters . Cold. Several springs. Mud baths. Used by drinking and bathing in urinary disorders, vesical catarrh, chronic catarrh of the respiratory organs, anemia, dyspepsia, the uric acid diathesis, chronic con- stipation, hemorrhoids, obesity, cardiac disorders, chronic catarrh of the stomach and Intestines, brain and nervous disorders, gallstones, liver dls- MARIENBAD 590 MARTIN'S BANDAGE orders, abdominal congestion, diseases of women, and glycosuria. May to September. mar'igold. Calendula. Marines'co's succ'ulent hand. Edema of the hand with coldness and lividity of the skin, observed in syringomyelia. Mariotte's blind spot (mS-re-of) [Edme Marioite, French physicist, 1620-1684.] The optic papilla. M.'s exper'iment, one looks fixedly with one eye (the other being closed), at a black dot on a card, on which Is also marked a black cross ; as the card Is moved to or from the eye, at a certain distance the cross becomes invisible but appears again as the card is moved further; this proves the exis- tence of the blind spot where the optic nerve enters the eye. M.'s law, Boyle's* law. maritonucleus (mar"i-to-nu'lde-us) [L. maritus, conjugal.] The nucleus of an impregnated ovum, genoblast. Marjolin's ul'cer (mar-zh6-lan') [Ren^ Marjolin, French physician, 1812-1895.] A maUgnant, verrucose, ulcerating growth occurring in cica- tricial tissue or at the epithelial edge of a chronic benign ulcer. mar'joram. Origanum. mark (A.S. meatc.} i. Any spot, line, or other figure on the surface, visible through dif- ference in color, elevation, or other peculi- arity. 2. Infundlbulum, the hollow In the incisor tooth of a horse, extending down about half an inch In the milk teeth and rather deeper in the permanent incisors; it appears as a black mark on the occlusal surface of the incisors; as the permanent incisors wear away by attrition, the mark tends gradually to disappear, and it Is chiefly by a study of Its condition that one is able to tell the age of a horse, double m., a blackening of the dentine on the side of the infundlbulum of an incisor* tooth In the horse, surrounding the central mark with a black ring. mother's m., nasvus. port-wine m., njevus vascu- laris, sec'ondary m,, a wearing away of the center of the incisor tooth in an old horse, which, becoming blackened, presents the appearance of the mark. mar'kasol. Bismuth borophenate, employed as a substitute for iodoform. Mark West Springs, California. Alkaline-saline, car- bonated-sulphureted, and strong chalybeate waters, 82° P. and 65° P. Mud and stilphurous baths are in use. Used by drinking and bathing in vairious affections. Mar'mo's meth'od [Serafino Marmo, Itahan obstetrician, contemporary.] A method of resuscitation of asphyxiated infants; the child is suspended from the hands of the accoucheur in the axillae; the hands are stretched apart, and the child is raised a little, then suddenly dropped a couple of feet when inspiration occurs; expira- tion is effected by pressure of the palms and fingers against the chest wall, marmora'tlon [L marmor, marble,] Marbleizatlon. Mar'morek's se'rum [Alexander Marmorek, Austrian physician, resident in Paris, *i85s.] i. A serum antitoxic to Streptococcus pyogenes. 2. A serum antitoxic to Bacillus tuberculosis. mar'morek'^in. Marmorek's serum. marr'ow [A.S. mearh.] i. The soft fatty sub- stance filling the medullary cavities and cancel- lous extremities of the long bones. 2. Any soft gelatinous or fatty material resembling the mar- row of bone. See also medulla, red m., m. found In the cancellous extremities of the long bones, the ribs, sternum, and diploe of the cra- nial bones ; it Is largely concerned in blood forma- tion, spinal m., spinal cord. yellow m., the m contained In the medullary cavities of the long bones, it contains much fat and is thought not to have much if anything to do with blood-forma- tion. mar'row-lymph gland. See gland. marru'bium [L. hoarhound.] Hoarhound, the leaves and tops of Marrubium i/ulgare, an herb, native of Europe and Asia; employed as an ex- pectorant and diaphoretic, chiefly in domestic medicine in the form of candy; dose indefinite. Mais'den's paste [Alexander Edwin Marsden, English physician, 1832-1902.] A mixture of two parts of arsenous acid and one of powdered gum acacia moistened with water, used in the treatment of cancer. Marsh's disease' [Sir Henry Marsh, Dublin physician, 1790-1860.] Exophthalmic goiter. Marsh's test [James Marsh, English chemist, 1794-1846.] Hydrogen test for arsenic; "in a bottle with a funnel-tube and a delivery tube, hydrogen Is generated by zinc and diluted sul- phuric acid, and when all the air in the bottle has been replaced by hydrogen a little of the suspected fluid is poured through the funnel- tube; the hydrogen escaping through the delivery tube is then lighted and the flame is directed against a glass or porcelain plate ; the former is mirrored by the deposit of arsenic, on the latter the arsenic is deposited as a brown spot. Mar'shall's oblique' vein [John M. Marshall, English anatomist, 181 8-1 891.] Vena obliqua atrii sinistri. M.'s vestig'ial fold, ligamentum venae cavae sinistrae. Mar'shall Hall's disease' [Marshall Hall, English physician, 1790-1857.] Cerebral anemia in Infants, marked by symptoms simulating those of hydrocephalus. M.H.'s fa'cies, the dispro- portion of forehead to face seen In hydrocephalus. M.H.'s meth'od, artlflcial respiration effected by turning the asphyxiated person alternately on the abdomen and on the back (or side), pressure being made as he lies prone, in order to compress the lungs and expel the air. marsh-fe'ver. Malaria. marsh gas. Methyl hydride, methane, fire-damp, CH,; a colorless, odorless gas, forming an explo- sive mixture with oxygen. marsh'mallow. Althaea. marsupialization (mar-su"pi(-al-i-za'shun) [L. marsu- pium, pouch:] An operation for the cure of an hydatid or other cyst; the sac of the tumor is opened and emptied of its contents, and then its edges are stitched to the edges of the external incision, which is kept open while the interior of the cyst suppurates and closes by granulation. marsupium (mar-su'pl-um) [L. pouch.] Scrotum. m. patella're, plicae alares. marsyle (mar'sll). Trade name of a preparation of iron cacodylate. Martegiani's a'rea or funn'el (mar-tS-jah'ne). The funnel-shaped beginning of the hyaloid canal in the fetus. martial (mar'shal) [L. mars, an old term for Iron.] Relating to or containing iron, ferruginous, chalybeate. Mar'tin's ban'dage [Henry Austin Martin, American surgeon, 1824-1884.] A roller bandage of soft rubber used to make compression on a limb in the treatment of varicose veins or iilcers. M.'s disease', a pertosteo-arthrltis of the foot from ex- cessive walking. MARTIN'S TUBE S91 MASSOL'S BACILLUS Mar'tin's tube [August Martin, Berlin gynecologist, *i847.] A drainage tube with a cross piece near the extremity to keep It from slipping out of a cavity. Martinot'ti's cell [Giovanni Mariinotti, Italian physician, contemporary.] A small cell In the deeper portion of the cerebral cortex having a long slender axon running toward the surface, i.e. in a direction contrary to that of the axons of the pyramidal and polymorphic cells. maru'ta. Ma3rweed, stinking chamomile, the flowers of Anthemis cotula, employed like chamomile, or anthemis. Maiz's stain. A stain composed of eosin, potassium hydrate, and quinine. maschaladenitis (mas-kal-ad-en-l'(e')tis) [G. mas- chale, axilla, + aden, gland, + -iiis.1 Inflamma- tion of the axillary glands. maschale (mas'kal-e) [G.] Axilla, armpit. maschalephidrosis (mas-kal-ef-I-dro'sis) [G. mas- chale, cixlUa, + ephidrosis, perspiTcition..'] Sweat- ing in the axillae. maschaliatria (mas-k'al-e-at'ri-ah) [G. maschale, axilla, -1- iatreia, healing.] Medication by means of inunction in the axilla where absorption is prompt. maschaloncus (mas-kal-on'kus) [G. maschale, axilla, + onkos, tumor.] A tumor in the axilla. maschalyperidro'sis (mas"kal-l"per-i-dro'sls) [G. mas- chale, axilla, + hyper, over, -I- hidros, sweat.] Excessive sweating in the axillae. Maschke's test (mahsh'keh). Por creatinln: the suspected fluid is mixed with sodium carbonate solution and then Fehling's solution is added; the presence of creatinln is indicated by a flocculent precipitate. mas'culine [L. masculus, male.] Relating to or marked by the characteristics of the male sex. masculin'ity. The characteristics of a male. masctdonucleus (mas"ku-lo-nu'kle-us). Arsenoblast mash. A fermenting mixture of malted rye, maize, or other grain, or sometimes potatoes, by the distillation of which whiskey is made. Masini's sign (mah-ze'ne) [Masini, Italian physician, contemporary.] A marked degree of dorsal ex- tension of the fingers on the metacarpals and of the toes on the metatarsals, noted in children of mental Instability or degeneracy. mask. A cloth, with apertures cut for the eyes and nostrils, impregnated with a medicated solu- tion and applied to the face in the treatment of erysipelas and other affections of the skin of this part, ecchymot'ic m., traumatic asphyxia, pressure stasis, a dusky discoloration of the head and neck occtirring when the trunk has been subjected to sudden and extreme 1 compression. luet'ic m., a dirty brownish yellow pigmentation, blotchy in character, resembling that of chloasma, occurring on the forehead, temples, and sometimes the cheeks in the subjects of tertiary syphilis, trop'ical m., chloasma bronzinum. u'terine m., chloasma uterinum. masked. Concealed. masochism (mas'o-kizm) [after Leopold von Sacher- Masoch, Austrian historian, nineteenth century, who first described it.] A form of perversion in which sexual pleasure Is heightened when one is beaten and maltreated at the hands of the other party; the opposite of sadism. masochist (mas'o-klst). The passive party In the practice of masochism. mas'dum [Ar. Masr, Egypt.] An assumed new element, the existence of which is doubtful. [L. massa.] i. A lump or aggregation of coherent material. :;. In pharmacy a soft solid preparation containing an active medicinal agent, of such consistency that it can be divided into small pieces and rolled into pills, blue m., massa hydrargyrl. VaUet's m. (vS-la'), massa ferri car- bonatis. mas'sa, gen. and pi. mas'sw [L.] A mass. In pharmacy, a soft solid preparation, containing a medicinal substance, of such consistency that it can readily be made into pills ; there are two massae official in the U.S.P. m. copai'bae (U.S. 1890), mass of copaiba: contains 94 parts of copaiba thickened with 6 parts of magnesia; no longer official; dose gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). m. fer'ri car- bona'tis (U.S.), mass of ferrous carbonate, VaUet's mass; prepared by adding a solution of ferrous sulphate to one of monohydrated sodium car- bonate; a precipitate of ferrous carbonate is formed, carbon dioxide being given off, and the precipitate is then made Into a mass with honey ; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). ™- hydrar'gyri (U.S.), mass of mercury, blue mass, blue pill, pilula hydrargyrl (Br.); made by triturating metallic mercury with honey of rose and adding glycerin, powdered althaea, and licorice; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). ™' interme'dia [BNA], Intermediate mass, gray, middle, or soft commissure, medi- commissure; a band crossing the third ventricle of the brain, a little in front of the middle, con- necting the two thalami. massage (mS-sazh') [Pr. from G. masso I knead.] A scientific method of maniptdation of the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading, tapping, etc. ; it is employed In therapeutics to increase metabol- ism, promote absorption, stretch adhesions, etc. au'ditoiy m., a form of vibratory m. applied to the drum membrane for the purpose of loosening adhesions between the ossicles, vi'bratory m., very rapid tapping of the surface effected by means of an instrument, usually with elastic tip, used to promote absorption, relieve pain, etc. Massasoit' Spring, Massachusetts. Light saline- calcic waters- About 45° P. Used by drinking In feeble digestion and obstinate constipation. Masselon's spec'tacles (mah-sS-lawn') [Michel JuUen Masselon, Parisian physician, *i844.] Spectacles with little offsets of metal with smooth edges, which engage below the upper eyelid and keep it raised above the pupil in cases of paralytic ptosis. M.*s test, for mental disease; the patient is asked to form sentences containing certain groups of words, such as man, wood, coal, stove, dinner; pen, ink, letter; pipe, match, smoke, etc. Masse'na Springs or St. Regis Springs, New York. Muriated-calcic-alkaline-sulphureted waters. Used by drinking and bathing in renal or vesical calculus, catarrh of the bladder, and skin disease. Masset's test (mah-sa') [Alfred Auguste Masset, Prench physician, *i87o.] Por bile In the urine: potassium nitrite Is added and then a few drops of sulphuric acid; the presence of bile is indicated by the appearance of a grass-green color. masse'ter [G. maseter, masticator.] One of the muscles of mastication ; see under musculus. masseur (mS.-ser'). i. A man who massages. 2. An instrument employed In mechanical massage. masseuse (mS-sez'). A woman who massages. mass'icot. Protoxide or yellow oxide of lead, PbO. Massol's' bacill'us [L4on Massol, Swiss bacteriologist, 1837— 1909.] Bacillus bulgaricus. MASSOTHERAPY 592 MATAS' OPERATION massother'apy [G. ^tasso, I knead, + iherapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic employment of massage. mastadenitis (niast-ad~e-nl'(ne')tls) [G. Tnastos, breast, + aden, gland, + -itis.'\ Mastitis. mastadeno'ma [G. mastos, breast, + aden, gland, + -oma.] Tumor of the breast. mastalgia (mas-tal'jJ-ah) [G. mastos, breast, + algos, pain.] Pain in the breast, mastodynia, mazodynia, mammary neuralgia. mastatro'phia, meistat'rophy [G. mastos, breast, + atrophia, atrophy.] Atrophy or wasting of the breasts. mastauxe (mast-awk'se) [G. mastos, breast, + auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy or enlargement of the breast. mast-cell (Ger. masten, to feed, fatten.] x. A mononuclear leucocyte containing numerous basophil granules of varying size, present occa- sionally In apparent health, but found especially, and In larger numbers, in leucemia. 2. A cell resembling a connective-tissue cell, present in the corium, the hyaloplasm of which contains niomerous coarse basophil granules. masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko'sis) [G. mastos, breast, + helkdsis, ulceration.] Ulceration of the breast. mastic, mastich, mastiche (mas'tik, mas'te-ke) [G. mastiche, chewing-gum.] (N.F.) A resinous exudate from Pistacia lentiscus, a small tree of the Mediterranean shores ; used as a chewing-gum and as an excipient in pilula aloes et mastiches. mas'ticate [L. masticare^ To chew, to grind and comminute with the teeth, mas'ticating surface, masticatory or grinding surface of a tooth. mastica'tion. Chewing, manducatlon. muscles of m., masseter, temporalis, pterygoldeus extemus, and pterygoldeus intemus. mas'ticatory. Relating to mastication, m. sur- face, grinding or occlusal surface, the surface of a premolar or molar tooth which comes In contact with the corresponding tooth In the other jaw. Mastigoph'ora [G. mastiximasiig-'), whip, + phoreo, I carry, wear.] A subphylum (or class) of Protozoa, embracing cells provided with flagella of various sorts serving for locomotion or the prehension of food ; It Includes the trypanosomes. mastigote (mas'ti-got). An individual member of thf* family Mastigophora. mastitis (ma.s-tr(te')tis) [G. mastos, breast, -1- -Ms.] Inflammation of the breast, stagna'tion m., caked breast, painful distention of the breast occurring during the latter days of pregnancy and the first days of lactation. mastocarcino'ma [G. mastos, breast.] Cancer of the breast. mastoccip'ital. Mastooccipltal. mastochondroma (mas-to-kon-dro'mah) [G. mastos, breast, -I- chondros, cartilage, -t- -oma.] A cartilaginous tumor of the breast. mastodyn'ia [G. mastos, breast, + odyne, pain.] Mammary neuralgia, mastalgia, mazodynia. mas'toid [G. mastos, breast, -f eidos, resemblance.] I. Resembling a mamma, breast-shaped. 2. Relating to the mastoid process, antrum, cells, etc. m. angle, posterior Inferior angle of the parietal bone. m. antrum, a. cavity in the mastoid proc- ess, communicating with the m. cells and with 1 the tympanum, m. bone, m. portion of the temporal bone. m. cells, it number of small spaces in the mastoid process, surrounding and communicating with the m. antrum, m. fora'- men, foramen mastoldeum, an opening of some size in the posterior border of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, transmitting an artery to the dura and a vein to the lateral sinus, m. fossa, fossa mastoidea, a depression on the mas- toid portion of the temporal bone, behind the su- permeatal spine, m. groove, m. notch, m. notch, incisura mastoidea [BNA], digastric fossa, a deep groove to the inner side of and below the tip of the mastoid process, giving origin to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, m. portion, the lower posterior portion of the temporal bone; it Is usually fused at birth with the petrous portion of the same bone. m. process, a conical, nipple- like projection on the temporal bone behind and below the tympanic portion. mastoid'al. MastoId(2). mastoidectomy (mas"-toy-dek'to-mi) [mastoid (process) + G. ektome, excision.] Hollowing out of the mastoid process by scraping away the bony partitions forming the mastoid cells. mastoideocentesis (mas-to-Id"e-o-sen-te'sIs). The operation of drilling or chiselling into the mas- toid cells and antrum. mastoideum (mas-to-id'e-xun). Os mastoideiun, mastoid bone, mastoid portion of the temporal regarded as an Independent bone. mastoiditis (mas"toy-dl'(de')tIs). Inflammation of any part of the mastoid process, m. exter'na, inflammation of the periosteum of the mastoid process, m. inter'na, inflammation of the mas- toid cells, sclero'sing m,, a chronic m. interna in which the trabeculae are greatly thickened, almost or entirely obliterating the cells. mastoidot'omy [»Kai;oid(process) -f tome, cutting.] Incision Into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, Wilde's incision. mastol'ogy [G. mastos, breast, -I- -logia.] The branch of naedical science which has to do with the breasts — their anatomy, physiology, pathol- ogy, etc. ; mazology. mastome'nia [G. mastos, breast, + men, month.] Vicarious menstruation from the mammae. maston'cus [G. mastos, breast, + onkos, tumor.] A tumor or swelling of the breasts. mastooccipltal (mas-to-ok-sip'I-tal). Relating to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and to the occipital bone, noting the suture uniting them, mastocclpltal. mastopaiietal (mas-to-pS-ri'e-tal). Relating to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and to the parietal bone, noting the suture uniting them. mastop'athy [G. mastos, breast, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the breasts, mazopathy. mas'topexy [G. mastos, breast, + pexis, fixation.] An operation for correcting an exaggerated sag- ging of the breasts ; mazopexy. mastorrha'gia [G. moi(05, breast, + rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Hemorrhage from a breast. mastoscirrhus (mas-to-skir'(slr')us) [G. mastos, breast, -|- skirrhos, a hard tumor.] A scirrhous cancer of the breast. mastosquam'ous. Relating to the mastoid and the squamous portions of the temporal bone. mastot'omy [G. mastos, breast, + tome, incision.] Incision of the breast. mas'turbate [L. masturbari.] To excite the genital organs by unnatural means, to practise self- abuse. masturba'tion. Self-abuse, the habit or the act of masturbating. Mat'as' opera'tion [Rudolph Matas, New Orleans surgeon, *i86o.] Endoaneurysmorrhaphy, arter- ioplasty; the treatment of an aneurysm by open- ing the sac and stitching Its walls together so as to obliterate It and restore the lumen of the artery. MATCHLESS MINERAL WELLS 593 MAXILLODENTAL Match'less Min'eral Welb, Alabama. Acid-chalyb- eate waters. Two wells. Used by drinking and locally in dyspepsia, diarrhea, anemia, gen- eral debility, Indolent ulcerations, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, vaginitis, and throat affections. mat£ (mah'ta) [Sp. mate, a vessel in which the leaves are prepared.] Paraguay tea, the dried leaves of Ilex paraguayensis and other species of Ilex, shrubs growing in Paraguay and Brazil; they contain caffeine and tannin, and are used as a substitute for tea, as a diuretic and diaphoretic, and for the relief of headache. mate'ria med'ica [L. medical matter.] i. The branch of medical science which treats of the origin and preparation of drugs, their doses, and their mode of administration. 2. Any agent employed therapeutically. Materia Medica Pura, a treatise by Hahnemann embodying the results of his provings, or the records of the drug pathogenesis of sixty-one drugs, the basis of the homeopathic materia medica. materies morbi (mi-te'ri-ez mor'bi) [L. the matter of disease.] The substance acting as the immediate cause of a disease. mater'nal [L. maternus; mater, mother.] Relating to or derived from the mother. mater'nity [L. mater, mother.] i. Motherhood, .t. A lying-in hospital, or institution in which women are cared for during their confinement and the puerperal period. Mathieu's disease (mS-te-e') [Albert Mathieu, Pari- sian physician, 1855—1917.] Weil's* disease. M.'s serum, an inorganic serum containing sodium chloride i , sodium phosphate '4, sodium sulphate 5, glycerin 20, water 100. matico (mat-e'ko) [Sp.] (N.F.) The leaves of Pi^cr angustifolium, a small tree of Peru and Bolivia; tonic and diuretic In doses of 5i~i (2.0—4.0). matlazahuatl (mat-lah-sah-waht'l) [Aztec name.] TabardlUo, typhus fever In Mexico. mat'rass [Fr. matras.] A long-necked glass vessel used for heating dry substances In chemical manipulations. matrica'ria [L. matrix, womb.] (U.S.) German chamomile, wild chamomile, horse gowan ; the ' flowers of Matricaria chamom-illa; tonic in doses of 5^—1 (15.0—30.0) of an extemporaneous infusion (i ounce to the pint). matricial (ma-trish'yal). Relating to any matrix. matricula'tion [L. matricularey^ to enroll.] Register- ing or enrollment as a student In a college or university. ma'trix, pi. ma'irices [L. a breeding animal.] i. The womb. n. The formative portion of (a) a tooth, (b) a nail. 3. The intercellular substance of a tissue. 4. A mould in which anything Is cast or swaged, a counter-die ; a specially shaped instrument used for holding and shaping the material used In filling a tooth-cavity, m. un'guis, nail-bed, the area of the corium on which the nail rests; it Is extremely sensitive and pre- sents numerous longitudinal ridges on Its surface according to some anatomists the nail bed Is the portion covered by the body of the nail, the nail matrix being only the part on which the root of the nail rests. matrixitis (ma-triks-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the nail-bed. matt'er [L. materies, substance.] 1. Substance." -:. Pus. mat'toid [L. mattus, stupid, -I- G. eidos, resemblance.] A person of abnormal mentality ; one whose Ideas and actions, while possibly of a IjIgh order, at times even approaching brilliancy, have an under- 38 current of absurdity or inconsequentlallty ; one in whom the mentally normal and abnormal are inextricably Interwoven; In popular language, a crank. matt'ress-su'ture. See under suture. mat'urate [L. maturare, to make ripe.] i To ripen or come to maturity. 2. To suppurate- matura'tion. i. Ripening, coming to maturity. 2. Suppuration. 3. The final stage in the for- mation of sex cells, characterized by two specific cell divisions. mature (ma-tur') [L. maturare, to ripen; maturus, ripe.] 1. To come to maturity. 2. Fully devel- oped ; ripe, mature. matu'tinal [L. matutinalis; matuiinum, morning.] Relating to the morning; In or during the morning hours. mat'zol. A mixture of cod-liver oil and matzoon. matzoon' [Armenian.] A milk treated with a special ferment containing lactic acid bacilli and other organisms; employed as a food and as a preventive of intestinal putrefaction. Matzuschita's liv'er-gall a'gar (mat-zoo-she'tah) . See under agar. Mauchart's lig'ament (mow'khart) [Burkhard David Mo«c/iari, German anatomist, 1696-1751.] Llga- mentum alare. Maumenfi's test (mom-na') [Edme Jules MaumenS: French chemist. *i8i8.] For sugar In the urine, on heating the suspected urine with chloride of tin a dark brown precipitate will be thrown down If glucose Is present. Maunoir's hy'drocele (mo-nwar') [Jean Pierre Maunoir, French surgeon, 1768— 1861.] Cervical hydrocele.* Maurer's dots and clefts (mow'rer) [Georg Maurer, German physician in Sumatra.] Ir- regular formations, staining red with Leishman, found in the protoplasm of the infected ery- throcytes in subtertian malaria; their signi- ficance is uncertain. Mauriceau's lance (mo-re-so') [Franfols Mauriceau, French obstetrician, 1637-1709.] A knife with sharp point, used In embryotomy. M.'s method, delivery of the after-coming head by supporting the fetus on the forearm with one or two fingers In the mouth to flex the head, and making trac- tion with three fingers and with two fingers of the other hand curved over the shoulders behind. Mauthner's sheath (mowt'ner) [Ludwlg Mauthner, Austrian physician, 1840—1894.] 'A fine mem- brane surrounding the axis-cylinder of a nerve- fiber separating it from the white substance of Schwann. M.'s test, a test for color perception similar to Holmgren's, but made with vials filled with pigments Instead of with skeins of worsted. mazil'Ia, gen. and pi. maxil'lce [L. jawbone.] [BNA] Superior maxilla, superior maxillary bone, aupra- maxllla, upper jawbone; an Irregularly shaped bone, articulating with all the bones of the face, the ethmoid. Inferior turbinated, and sometimes the sphenoid bones, and forming with Its fellow the upper jaw. inferior m., lower m., mandibula, mandible, superior m., upper m., maxilla. max'iUary. SupramaxlUary, relating to the max- illa, or upper jaw. inferior m., relating to the mandible, or lower jaw. m. glands, submaxillary glands, see glandula submaxillaris. mazillitis (maks-l-ll'(le')tls). 1. Inflammation of the maxilla. 2. Inflammation of the submax- illary salivary gland. maxilloden'tal. Relating to the jaw and the teeth, alveolodental MAXILLOJUGAL S94 MEATOTOME Relating to the maxilla and the Relating to the upper and Relating to maxilloju'gal. zygoma. maxill"omaiidib'ular. lower jaws. maxillopalatine (maks-iI"o-pal'a-tm) . the maxilla and the palatine bone. inaxill"opharyn'geal. Mandibulopharyngeal, relat- ing to the inferior maxilla, or mandible, and the pharynx; noting a space between the pharynx and the ramus of the lower jaw, In which are found the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and the vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves. maxillotur'binal. Relating to the inferior turbin- ated bone, concha* nasalis inferior. maz'imal [L. maximus, greatest.] The greatest possible, at the highest limit. maz'imum [L. neuter of maximus, greatest.] i. The highest limit, the greatest amount possible. 2. Pastigium. m, dose, the largest dose of a drug that can be taken without danger of poisoning. Max'well's ring [Patrick 'William Maxwell, Dublin ophthalmologist, 1856-1917.] Loewe's* ring. maya (mah'yah) [Bulg.] A ferment used in the preparation of yaghourth, a Bulgarian soured and curdled milk food. May' -apple. Podophyllum. May'er's fluid [Ferdinand F. Mayer, American pharmaceutical chemist, nineteenth century.] A solution of calcium phosphate, magnesium sul- phate, and potassium phosphate, of each 5, in water, 1000; used as a culture medium. M.'s test, for alkaloids: the addition of a solution of mercuric chloride and potassium iodide to an alkaloidal solution causes the formation of a white precipitate. May'er's lig'ament. Ligamentum carpi radiatum. Mayet's' paste. A cancer paste of zinc oxide 1 , zinc chloride 8, and flour 7. mayhem (ma'hem) [an old form of maim,'] The inflicting of a violent bodily injury which more or less incapacitates the victim. mayidism (ma'I-dizm). Pellagra May'o's meth'od [Charles H. Mayo, American surgeon* 1865.] Treatment of tic douloureux by exsection of the affected nerve-branch and plugging the foramen of exit by a silver screw to prevent reunion. M.'s treat'ment, of a bunion; the skin over the bunion is dissected from the bursa, the latter is lifted by a horse- shoe incision, being left attached to the base of the first phalanx; the head of the metatarsal bone is removed and the bursal flap is turned into the joint area in front of the bone in order to secure a movable joint. May'o's opera'tion [William J. Mayo, American surgeon,* 1861.] An operation for the radical cure of umbilical hernia; the neck of the sac is exposed by two elliptical incisions, the gut is returned to the abdomen, the sac and adherent omentum are cut away, and the opening is closed with mattress sutures. May'o's opera'tion [William James Mayo, Charles Horace Mayo.] Excision of the pylorus and exclusion of the duodenum with posterior gastrojejunostomy. M.'s sign, relaxation of the muscles of the lower jaw, when surgical anesthesia is complete. Mayo-Robson's point [A. W. Mayo-Robson, English surgeon, contemporary.] A point just above and to the right of the umbilicus, where tenderness on pressure exists in oases of disease of the pancreas. M.-R.'s position, the patient lies on the back with a thick pad under the loins, causing a marked lordosis in this region; employed in operations on the gall-bladder. Mayor's hamm'er [Mathlas Louis Mayor, Swiss surgeon, 1 776-1846.] A metal hammer which is heated In boiling water and then applied to the skin as a coimterlrritant or vesicant. ma'za [G. a large coarse cake.] The placenta. ma'zic. Placental. ma"zocacoth'esis [G. maza, barley-cake (placenta), + kakos, bad, + thesis, place.] Placenta praevla. mazodyn'ia [G. mazos, breast, -I- odynS, pain.] Mastodynla. mazol'Dgy [G. mazos, breast, -I- -logia.] Mastology. mazol'ysis [G. maza, a barley cake (placenta), -|- lysis, a loosing.] Detachment of the placenta. mazopath'ia, mazop'athy [G. maza, a barley cake (placenta), -I- pathos, suffering.] i. Any disease of the placenta. 2 [G. mazos, breast.] Disease of the breast, mastopathy. maz'opexy [G. mazos, breast, + pSxis, fixation.] Mastopexy. Mazzoni's cor'puscle (mad-zo'ne) [Vlttorlo Mazzoni, Italian physician, contemporary.] A tactile corpuscle apparently identical with Krause's end-bulb. M.C. Abbreviation of (i) Magister Chirurgice, Master of Surgery, (2) Medical Corps. M.D. Abbreviation of Medicina Doctor, Doctor of Medicine. M.D.S. Abbreviation of Master of Dental Surgery. M.E. Abbreviation of Mache Einheit; see MocAe* unit. meadow-safiron (med'o-saf'ron). Colchicum measle (me'zl). The larva (Cysticercus cellulosa) of Ttsnia solium, the pork tapeworm. measles (ine'zlz)[D. maselen.] i. Morbllll, rubeola ; an acute exanthematous disease, marked by fever and other constitutional dlstiorbances, a catarrhal Inflammation of the respiratory mucous mem- branes, and a generalized maculopaptdar eruption of a dusky red color, followed by a branny des- quamation. The eruption occurs early on the buccal mucous membrane in the form of the so- called Koplik's* spots, a fact utilized in the early diagnosis of the disease. The average incubation period is from 10 to 12 days. . 2. A disease of swine caused by the presence of Cysticercus cellu- loscB, the larva of Tcsnia solium, the pork tape- worm. 3. Plural of measle. black m., hemor- rhagic m. German m., rubella, hemorrhag'lc m., a severe form in which the eruption Is dark In color due to an effusion of blood Into the skin. measly (me'zU). Containing the larvae, cysticercl, of T(Bnia solium-. me'atal. Relating to a meatus meat-hole. A space or pocket between two teeth in which food particles lodge. me"atom'eter \meatus + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the size of a meatus, especially the meatus urethras. me"ator'rhaphy [meatus + rhaphe, suture.] Closing by suture the wound made In a previous me- atotomy. meatoscope (me-at'o-skop) [meatus + skoped, I view.] A form of speculum for examining a meatus, especially the meatus urethras. meatoscopy (me-a.-tos'ko-pi). Inspection, usually instrumental, of any meatus, especially of the meatus urinarius and of the urethra immediately adjacent, ure'teral m., inspection, through a cystoscope, of the orifices of the ureters in the wall of the bladder. meatotome (me-at'o-tem). A knife with short cut- ting edge for use in meatotomy. MEATOTOMY S9S MEDIASTINUM meatotomy (me-S-tot'o-mi) [L. meatus + G. tome, incision.] Porotomy, an incision made to enlarge the meatus urinarius. meat'oz. Trade name of a beef powder said to con- tain 80 per cent, of protein. meatus, pi. meafu^ (me-a'tus) [L, passage.] A pas- sage or channel, especially the external opening of a canal, ezter'nal au'ditory n., m. acusticus ex- temus. fish-mouth m., a red and swollen condi- tion of the lips of the meatus urinarius in gonor- rhea, inter'nal au'ditory m., m. acusticus inter- nus. m. acus'ticus exter'nus [BNA], external acoustic or auditory m., the passage leading in- ward through the tympanic portion of the tem- poral bone, from the auricle to the membrana tympani; it consists of an osseous (internal) portion and a fibrocartilaginous (external) portion, m. acus'ticus inter'nus [BNA], internal acoustic or internal auditory m., a canal running from the internal auditory foramen, or acoustic pore, through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, ending at the fundus where a thin plate of bone separates it from the vestibule; it gives passage to the facial and auditory nerves and the pars intermedia of Wrisberg, together with the auditory branch of the basilar artery and the internal auditory veins, m. na'si [BNA], the three passages in the nasal cavity formed by the projection of the turbinated bodies; the inferior m. li«s below the inferior turbinated, the middle m. between the middle and inferior tur- binated, the superior m. between the superior and middle turbinated, m. na''sopharynge'us[BNA], posteriornares,thepharyngeajopeningof thenos- trils. m. urina'rius, orificium urethrae externum [BNA], the external opening of the urethra. Mec'ca bal'sam. Balm of Gllead, opobalsamum. mechanical (me-kan'I-kal) [G. mechanikos, relating to a machine.] Performed by means of some apparatus, not manual, m. man, in dentistry, artificer. mechanics (me-kan'lks). The branch of science which treats of forces. mechanism (mek'au-lzm) [G. mechanisma, a contriv- ance.] I. An arrangement or grouping of the parts of anything which has a definite action. ;<. The means by which an effect Is obtained. mechanotherapy (mek"an-o-ther'a.-pI) [G. mechane, machine, + iherapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by means of apparatus or mechanical appliances of any kind. miche (mesh) [Fr. wick.] A strip of gauze or other material used as a tent or drain. Meck'el's band [Johann Frledrich Meckel, German anatomist, 1714— 1774.] A portion of the anterior ligament binding the malleus to the wall of the tympanum. M.'s cav'ity, a space formed by separation of the two laminae of the dura mater at the tip of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; it encloses the semilunar (Gasserlan) gan- glion. M.'s divertic'ulum, a blind sac or pouch, the remains of the omphaloenteric duct, extend- ing from the ileum a short distance above the cecum. M.'s gan'glion, (i) ganglion sphenopalatl- num; (2) ganglion submaxillare (M.'s lesser gan- glion). M.'s Ug'ament, M.'s band. M.'s space, M.'s cavity. Meck'el's car'tilage [Johann Frledrich Meckel, the younger, grandson of the elder Meckel, German surgeon, 1781— 1833.] The lower and larger part of the first branchial arch, the cartilage of the mandibular arch in the embryo. M.'s plane, a craniometric plane cutting the alveolar and the auricular points. M.'s rod, M.'s cartilage. meckelec'tomy. Excision of the sphenopalatine, or Meckel's, ganglion mecom'eter [G. mekos, length, -1- metron, measure.] An Instrument, like calipers with a scale attach- ment; for ready measurement of the newborn child. mec'onate. A salt of meconic acid. mecon'ic ac'ld. An acid obtained from opium, C,H,0„ occurring in the form of white scales slightly soluble in water; it forms soluble salts (meconates) with many of the alkaloids of opium. mecon'idine. An alkaloid obtained from the mother liquor of morphine, C21H23NO4, an amorphous, yellowish, tasteless powder. mec'onin. Opianyl, a neutral principle derived from opium, CijHijOj, and found also in hydrastls canadensis; occurs In colorless crystals, hypnotic In doses of gr. J— i (0.03-0.06). meconiorrhe'a, meconlorrhae'a [G. rhoia, flow.] The passage, by the newborn Infant, of an abnormally large amount of meconium. me'conism [G. mekon, the poppy.] Chronic opluin poisoning; opium addiction. meco'nium [G. mekon, poppy.] i. Poppy- juice, opium. 2. The first Intestinal discharges of the newborn infant, greenish In color and consisting of epithelial cells, mucus, and bile. mecono'isin. A neutral principle, CjHjjOj, obtained from the mother liquor after the abstraction of meconin ; occurs In brown plates or scales. me'dia [L. fem. of medius, middle, agreeing with tunica, coat.] The middle, or muscular, coat of an artery, muscularis. me'dia. Plural of medium. me'diad. Toward the middle line. me'dial [L. medialis; medius, middle.] i. Relating to the middle or center. 2. [BNA] Internal, opposed to lateral or external. me'dian. Central, middle, medial, mesal; a name given to various structures, especially blood- vessels and nerves ; see arteria, nervus, vena. medias'tinal. Relating to the mediastinum. mediastinitis (me-de-as-ti-nl'(ne')tls) [L. mediasti- num + G. -itis.'i Inflammation of the cellular tissue of the mediastinum. mediasti"nopericardi'tis. Inflammation of the outer layer of the pericardlumand of the surround- ing mediastinal cellular tissue. mediastinot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Incision Into the mediastinum. mediastinum (me"dJ-ah-sti'num) [L. mediastinus, being in the middle.] 1. A septum between two parts of an organ or a cavity. 2. The median dividing wall of the thoracic cavity, covered by the mediastinal pleura and containing all the thoracic viscera and structures except the lungs. It is divided arbitrarily into four parts: the superior m, is that part lying above the peri- cardium; it contains the arch of the aorta and the vessels arising from it, the innominate veins, and upper portion of the superior vena cava, the, trachea, the esophagus, the thoracic duct, the thymus, and the phrenic, pneumogastric, cardiac, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves. The middle m. contains the pericardium and its contents and the phrenic nerves and accompanying vessels. The anterior m. is the narrow space between the pericardium and the sternum containing some lymphatic glands and vessels and branches of the internal mammary artery. The posterior m. lies between the pericardium and the vertebral column, below the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra; it contains the descending aorta, tho- racic duct, esophagus, azygos veins, and pneu- MEDIASTINUM 596 MEDISCALENUS mogastric nerves, m. cerebel'U, falx cerebelli. m cer'ebri, falx cerebri, m. testis [BNA], cor- pus Highmori, a mass of fibrous tissue continu- ous with the tunica albuginea, projecting for- ward into the testis along its posterior border. me'diate [L. mediatus; mediare, to divide in the middle.] ' 1. Effected by means of something else; not Immediate or direct. 2. Situated be- tween two parts, intermediate. me'diator. Amboceptor. medicable (med'i-ka-bl). Admitting of treatment with hope of cure. med'ical. i. Relating to medicine or the practice of medicine. 2. Medicinal, m. board, the body of attending and consulting physicians and sur- geons attached to a hospital, m. direc'tor, (i) a physician at the head of the medical department, or the corps of medical examiners of an insurance company; he decides upon the insurability of the risks, appoints the examiners, inspects death claims, compiles statistics from the mortuary returns, and studies impairments in regard to their influence on longevity; (2) a medical officer in the U. S. Navy, who ranks with a captain, m. exam'iner, (i) a physician who makes an investi- gation to determine the state of health of a candidate for life insurance or of any other person; (2) in certain States, a physician ap- pointed to perform the duties of a coroner. m. finger, digitus medicus. m. inspec'tor, (i) a physician in the employ of a life-insurance company who travels through the territory in which his company does business, investigating into the standing and ability of the m. ex- aminers and determining the desirability of risks offered to the company; (2) one who selects simple uncomplicated risks, under the super- vision of the m. director, at the home ofifi.ce; (3) an ofiRcier in the medical corps of the U. S. Navy ranking with a commander, m. jurispru'- dence, see under jurisprudence. Med'ical Lake, Washington. Alkallne-sallne-sodlc waters. Used by drinking and bathing for the diuretic, laxative, and antacid effects. medicament [L. medicamenium; medicari, to heal.] A medicine, a medicinal application; a remedy. medicamentosus (med"i-ka-inen-to'sus) [L.] Re- lating to a drug, a term characterizing a drug eruption. medicate [L. medicatus; medicari, to heal.] i. To treat disease by the giving of drugs. 2. To impregnate with a medicinal substance. med'icated. Impregnated with a medicinal sub- stance. medica'tion. The act of medicating. In either sense, ion'ic m., cataphoresls. med'icator. i. One who gives medicaments for the relief of disease; a term sometimes applied In derision to one who prescribes drugs for every minor aliment. 2. An Instrument for use in making therapeutic applications to the deeper parts. medicephal'ic. Median cephalic, noting the com- municating vessel between the median and the cephalic veins. medicerebell'ar. Relating to the central part of the cerebellum, middle cerebellar. medicer'ebral. Relating to the central portion of the cerebrum, middle cerebral. medicinal (me-dls'I-nal). 1. Relating to medicine, having curative properties. 2. Medical, m. finger, digitus* medicus, ring finger. medicine [L. medicina.] i. \ drug. 2. The art of preventing or curing disease ; the science which treats of disease in all its relations. 3. The study and treatment of general diseases or those affect- ing the internal parts of the body, distinguished from surgery, clinical m., the study and practice of medicine in relation to the actual patient ; the art of medicine as distinguished from laboratory science, domes'tic m., the treatment of minor aliments at home without the direction of a physician, foren'sic m., medical jurisprudence.* le'gal m., medical jurisprudence.* pat'ent m., a remedy, often a quack remedy, the name and mode of manufacture of which are patented. preven'tive m., the branch of medical science which treats of the prevention of disease, quack m.. El compound advertised to the laity as curative of a certain disease or diseases, propri'etary m., a medicinal compound the formula and mode of manufacture of which are the property of the maker. State m., public m., that branch of medical science which deals with statistics, hygiene, the prevention and overcoming of epidemics, etc. medicine'rea [L. medius, middle, 4- cinereus, ashen.] The gray matter of the claustrum and lentlform nucleus of the brain. medicister'na [L. medius, middle, -f cistema, cistern, reservoir.] Cistema amblens. medicochirurgical (med'1-ko-kl-rur'ji-kal). Relat- ing to both medicine and surgery, or to both physicians and surgeons. medicole'gal [L. medicus, medical, + legalis, legal.] Relating to both medicine and the law, or to medical jurisprudence. medicomechanical (med'^-ko-me-kan'I-kal) . Rela- ting to both medicinal and mechanical measures in therapeutics, medicommissure (med-J-kom'i-sur). Middle com- missure, massa* intermedia. medicophyslcal. Relating to disease and the con- dition of the body generally; as m. examination in which a person is examined with a view to determine the presence or absence of disease as well as to note the general physical condition. medicopsychology (med-l-ko-sl-kol'o-jl). Psychol- ogy in Its relation to medicine. medicomu (med-i-kor'nu) [L. medius, middle, + cornu, horn.] The middle horn, comu inferius, of the lateral ventricle. medicus [L.] Physician. medifron'tal. Midfrontal, noting a gyre or con- volution of the frontal lobe of the brain, gyrus frontalis medius, and a fissure in the m. gyre, sulcus frontalis medius. medlnal. Trade name of the monosodium salt of diethyl-barbituric acid, or veronal, diethyl- malonylurea, barbital-sodium; recommended as an hypnotic in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0). Medi'na-wonn. Filaria medinensis. mediocar'pal [L. medius, middle, -|- G. karpos, carpus.] Relating to the central part of the car- pus, noting the articulation of the carpal bones with each other; mesocarpal, midcarpal, carpo- carpal. medioccipltal. Mldocclpltal. mediolat'era Relating to the median plane and a side. mediopon'tine [L. medius, middle.] Relating to the. central part of the pons Varolii. mediotar'sal [L. medius, middle, -I- G. iarsos, tarsus.] Relating to the middle of the tarsus, noting the articulations of the tarsal bones with each other; mesotarsal, mldtarsal, tarsotarsal. ) mediscale'nus. Musculus scalenus medius. MEDISECT 597 MEGALOGLOSSIA medisect' [L. medius, middle, + sectus; seeare, to cut.] To incise In the median line. Mediterra'nean fe'ver, Malta* fever. me'dium, pi. me'dia [L. neuter of medius, middle.] 1 . Anything through which an action is performed, a means. 2. A substance, either solid or liquid, • containing nutrient material for the cultivation of microorganisms; a culture-medium. 3. The liquid vehicle holding a substance in solution or suspension. 4. A substance used for treating or mounting histological specimens. 5. A sub- stance through which impulses or impressions are transmitted, clear'ing m., one used in histology for making specimens translucent or transparent. cul'ture m., medium (2). disper'sion m., exter'nal m., external phase.* pass'ive m., one which produces no change in the specimens placed in it. med'ol. Trade name of a creolin preparation em- ployed as a. liniment, especially in veterinary practice. medorrhea, medorrhoea (me-dor-re'ah) [G. medos, penis, + rhoia, flow.] A discharge from the urethra; gleet. medoirhi'num [medorrhea, gleet.] In homeopathic practice, a trituration of the gonorrheal virus; employed in the chronic sequelas of gonorrhea and in chronic rheumatism, in high potencies. medulla (me-dul'ah) [L. marrow.] Any soft marrow-like structure, especially in the center of a part. Specifically, (i) bone-marrow, (2) ■ the spinal cord, (3) the medulla oblongata, m. oblonga'ta [BNA], the prolongation of the spinal cord into the brain, extending from the lower end of the decussation of the pjrramids to the pons Varolii; it is about an inch long, cylindrical in shape, somewhat enlarged at its upper extrem- ity, its anterior surface resembling in con- figuration the spinal cord, and posteriorly forming part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. m. os'sium [BNA], the bone-marrow, m. spina'lis [BNA], spinal marrow, spinal cord; the elongated cylindrical portion of the cerebro- spinal axis, or central nervous system, which is contained in the canal of the spinal or vertebral column. meduU'aden. Trade name of a preparation of the red bone marrow of cattle; recommended In anemia and leucemia in doses of gr. 15-30 (i .0—2 . o). medull'ar. Medullary. med'ullary. Relating to the medulla or marrow. m. sheath, (i) m. substance; (2) In botany, the sheath of protoxylem surrounding the pith of a stem. m. space, the central cavity and the cellu- lar Intervals between the trabeculae of bone, filled with marrow, m. sub'stance, (i) myelin substance, white substance of Schwann; a soft material, composed of a network of neurokeratin enclosing in Its meshes the semifluid myelin, which suiTOunds the axis-cylinder of a medullated nerve-fiber, and is itself surrounded by a delicate membrane, the neurilemma; it Is interrupted at more or less regular intervals by constrictions of the neurilemma forming the nodes of Ranvler, the portion between two nodes being called an internode; (2) substantia meduUaris [BNA]. med'uUated. Having a medulla or medullary sub- stance, m. nerve-fiber, one the axis-cylinder of which is surrounded by a sheath of medullary substance. medullation (mS-dul-a'shun) . Acquiring, or the act of formation of, marrow or medulla, or a medullary sheath. medulllspi'nal. Relating to the spinal cord. meduUitis (me-dul-i'(e')tls). Inflammation of mar- row, either bone-marrow (osteomyelitis) or the spinal cord (myelitis). medulllza'tion. The enlargement of the medullary spaces in rarefying osteitis. meduUoarthritis (mS-dul"o-ar-thri'(thre')tls). In- flammation of the cancellous articular extremity of a long bone. meduU'ocell. Myelocyte. Medu'sa sai'guinis. A parasite, of undetermined nature, found in the blood In certain cases of fever in Eastern Asia. megabacte'rium [G. megas, great.] A bacterium of unusually large size. megacar'dia. Cardiomegaly. megacaryocyte (meg-ah-kar'i-o-sit) [G. megas, large, 4- karyon, nut (nucleus), -I- kyios, hollow vessel (cell).] A large cell with lobulated nucleus found in the spleen of the embryo and the young of many animals. megacepha'Iia. Megacephaly. megacephal'ic [G. megas, large, + kephale, head.] Having a. large head. Noting a skull with a capacity of over 1450 c.c, or an individual hav- ing such a skull. Among the megacephallc races are Europeans, Japanese, and Eskimo. megaceph'alous. Megacephallc megaceph'aly [G. megas, large, -H kephale, head.] Large size of the head, either congenital or acquired (leontiasis). megacoc'cus [G. megas, large.] Macrococcus. megaco'lon [G. megas, great, -1- colon.'] A condition of extreme dilatation of the large intestine, m. congen'itum, congenital dilatation of the colon, Hirschsprung's or Myk's disease. meg'acoly. Megacolon. laeg'adont [G. megas, large, + odous(pdont-), tooth.] Having large teeth. Noting a skull with a dental index above 44. megadyne (meg'ah-din) [G. megas, great, -I- dyne.} One million dynes. megagamete (meg-ah-gam'et) [G. megas, large, -I- gamete."] Macrogamete. meg"akar'yocyte. Megacaryocyte. megalac'ria [G. megas, large, -|- akros, at the top or end.] Acromegaly. megargia [G. megas, large, -t- algos, pain.] Very severe pain, hyperalgia. meg'alobiast [G. megas(megal-), large, -I- blastos, germ, sprout.] A large nucleated red blood corpuscle, or primitive erythroblast. megalocardia (meg-al-o-kar'di-ah). Cardiomegaly. megalocepha'lia, megaloceph'aly. Megacephaly. megalocephal'ic, megaloceph'alous. Megacephallc. Megalococ'cus myxoi'des. A blastomycete found by Curtis of Lille in a tumor resembling a myxo- sarcoma. megalocor'nea [G. megas(,megal-), large.] Macro- cornea. megalocyte (meg'al-o-sit) [G. megas (megal-), large, + kyios, cell.] A large (10 to 20 /j) non-nucleated red blood- corpuscle. megalodac'tylism [G. megasimegal-), large, -I- dak- tylos, finger.] Dactylomegaly, macrodactylism ; abnormal size of one or more fingers or toes. megalodac'tylous. Having large fingers or toes. meg'alodont [G. megas (megal-), large, + odous (odont-), tooth.] Macrodont. megalodontla (meg-al-o-don'she-ah). Macrodontla. megalogas'tria [G. megas(megal-), large, -I- gaster, stomach.] Abnormal size of the stomach. megaloglossia (meg-i-lo-glos'si-ah) [G. megas <»jegoZ-), large, -t- gWssa, tongae.] Macroglossia. MEGALOHEPATIA 598 MELANEPHIDROSIS megalohepatia (nieg"a.-lo-hS-pah'ti-ah) [G. megas (megal-), great, + hepar(Jie-pat-), liver.] En- largement of the liver, hepatomegaly. nieg"a\oma'nia [G. megas(megal-), large, + mania, frenzy.] A delusion of grandeur; Insanity in which the patient believes himself to be a person of great Importance, wealth, or Intellect. megaloma'niac. A person suffering from megalc- mania. megaloxne'lia [G. megas(megal-), great, + melos, an extremity.] Macromelia. megalonychosis (meg"al-on-I-ko'sls) [G. megas (megal-), great, + onyx{onych-), nail.] Large size or hypertrophy of the nails on the fingers or toes. megalope'nis [G. megas(ntegal~) , great.] Abnor- mal size of the penis, macrophallus. tnegalophon'ic [G. megas (megal-), great, + phone, sound.] Magnifying sound, polyacoustlc. megalophtharmus [G. megasimegal-), great, + ophthahnos, eye.] Large size of the eyes. megalo'pia [G. megasimegaU-), great, + dps{op-), eye.] Me^alopsia, macropsla. megalop'sia [G. fnegas(megal-), great, -1- opsis, vision.] The subjective magnification of objects ~ seen, macropsla. megaloscope (meg'-&-lo-skop) [G. megas{megal-), great, -f- skopeo, I view.] An endoscope which magnifies the part inspected by means of a reflecting mirror or a lens. megalosple'nia [G. m.egas(megal-), great, + splen, spleen.] Abnormal size of the spleen, spleno- megaly, megalos'poTon [G. megas, great, -I- sporos, seed.] Trichophyton megalosporon. megalosyndactylia (meg"a-lo-sin-dak-til'](-ah) [G. m^gas(megal-), great, + syn, together, + dak- tylos, finger.] A condition of webbed or fused fingers or toes of large size. megameTozoite (meg"§.-mer-o-zo'it) [G. megas, large, -{- merozoite.] A large merozoite. meganu'cleus. Macronucleus. megapros'opous [G. megas, great, + prosopon, face.] Having a large face, noting a skull In which the face is out of proportion to the vault of the cranium. megarectum (meg-ah-rek'tum) [G. megas, great.] Extreme dilatation of the rectum. megaseme (meg'i-sem) [G. megas, large, -1- sgma, sign,] Noting an orbital aperture with an Index above 89. megaso'ma [G. megas, great, -I- soma, body.] Macrosomia. meg'aspore [G. megas, great, -I- sporos, seed,. Macrospore/ Megas'toma enter'icum [G. megas, great, + stoma} mouth.] Lamblia intestinalis. meg'avolt [G. megas, great.] A unit of electro- motive force, equal to one million volts. Miglin's point (ma-glaii') [J. A. Miglin, French pjiysician, 1756-1824.] The point of emergence of the palatine nerve at the foramen palatinum ma jus, sometimes painful on pressure In neuralgia. meg'ohm [G. megas, great.] A unit of electrical resistance^ equal to one million ohms. megophthal'mus. Megalophthalmus. megox'ycyte [G. megas, great, -I- oxys, acid, -1- kytos, cell.] Megoxyphil. megox3rphiI, megozyphUe (meg-oks'i-fil, or fll) [G, megas, great, -f- oxys, acid, + phileo, I like.] An eosinophil leucocyte, containing coarse granules. me'grim. Migraine. me'grlms. Vertigo in the horse. HeibD'mian cyst fHendrik Meibom, Dutch anato- mist, 1638-1700.] Chalazion. M. gland, glan- dula tarsalis [BNA], one of the acinous glands on the margins of the eyelids. Meige's disease' (mehzh) [Henri Meige, French physician, *i866.] Milroy's* disease. Meigs's cap'illaries (megz) [Arthur V. Meigs, American physician, 1850-1912.] Capillaries in the muscular tissue of the heart. meio-. For words beginning thus, see mio-. Meissner's cor'puscles (mis'ner) [Georg Meissner, German histologist, 1829-1905.] Tactile or touch corpuscles, Wagner's corpuscles, corpuscula tactus; oval masses of wedge-shaped epithelioid cells, containing the flattened plate-like termina- tions of one or several axons; they are found chiefly In the papillae of the finger tips and in the conjunctiva. M.'s plex'us, Remak's plexus, Meissner-Blllroth's plexus, plexus* submucosus. mel, gen. mel'lis [L.] (U.S., Br.) i. Honey, a saccha- rine substance prepared by the honey-bee. Apis mellifica; employed as an exclplent, especially for application to the buccal mucous membrane and in cough remedies. 2. A pharmacopelal preparation with honey as the excipient. m, bora'cis (Br.), honey of borax, borax i, glycerin i, honey 8; employed locally in the treatment of. aphthae and other affections of the oral mu- cous membrane, m. depura'tum (U. S., Br.), clarified honey, honey melted In a water-bath (mixed with paper-pulp, U.S.) and strained (with 5 per cent, glycerin added, U.S.), used in the preparation of the official and extemporane- ous honeys, m. ro'sae (U.S.), honey of rose, fiuldextract of rose 120, honey to make 1000; employed as an excipient In extemporaneous mixtures, m. ro'sae et so'dii bora'tis (N.F.), honey of rose and borax; borax 10. glycerin 5, honey of rose 85. m. so'dii bora'tis (N.F.), mel boracis, honey and borax, honey of sodium borate; borax 10, glycerin 5, honey 85. melas'na. Melena. melag'ra [G. melos, limb, -|- agra, seizure ] Rheu- matic or myalglc pains In the arms or legs. melal'gia [G. melos, a limb, + algos, pain.] Pain in a limb ; meralgia.* melancholia (mel-an-ko'll-ah) [G. melos, black, + cholS, bile ] i . A mental disease marked by apathy and indifference to one's surrotuidings, mental sluggishness and depression. 2. A symp- tom occurring in other psychoses, marked by depression of spirits and by a sluggish and painful process of thought, acute' m., simple, functional m., occurring usually during the first half of adult life, marked by insomnia, emaciation, and a sub- normal temperature, in addition to the ordinary symptoms of m. chron'ic m.. Involution m., m. agitata; a form of long duration, occurring after middle life, marked by depression, anxiety, restlessness, and more or less hypochondria. hypochondri'acal m., chronic m. involu'tion m., chronic m. m. agita'ta, chronic m. m. sim'plex, acute m. recur'rent m., acute or "simple m. which shows a tendency to recur after longer or shorter periods of remission. melancholiac (mfel-an-koll-ak). A person suffering from melancholia. melanede'ma, melancede'ma [G. melas(^melan-), black, + oidema, swelling.] A black pigmented deposit in the lung; anthracosis. melane'mia, melanae'mia [melan{in) + G. haima, blood.] The presence of free black pigment (melanin) in the blood stream. melanephidro'sis [G. melas(melan-), black, + ephi- drosis, perspiration.] A form of chromldrosls In which the sweat is nearly black. MfeLANGEUR 599 MELITURIC m^langeuT (ma-lon-zher') [Fr. mixer.] A glass tube with a bulb at one extremity used for diluting the blood drawn for microscopical examination. melanif'erous (melanin + L. ferre, to carry.] Con- taining melanin or other black pigment. mel'anin [G. melas(melan-), black.] The dark or black pigment in the epidermis and hair in dark- skinned races, and in the chorloid coat of the eye. artific'ial m., facti'tious m., melanoid(2). mel'anism. Melanosis. melanis'tic. Melanotic. melano- [G. melas(melan-), black.] A prefix con- veying the notion of black or extreme darkness of hue. mel"anocarcino'ma. A deeply pigmented cancer, melanoid carcinoma. melanochroous (mel-an-ok'ro-us) [G. melas{melan-), black, -I- chroa, complexion.] Melanochrous ; having dark complexion, dark-skinned, brunette. melanoc'omous [G. melas{melan-), black, + kome, hair of the head.] Black-haired. melanocyte (mel'an-o-sit) [G. melas(melan-), black, -t- kytos, cell.] A pigmented ameboid cell or leucocyte. melanoderma (mel-an-o-dur'mah) [G. melas^melan-), black, -I- derma, skin.] An abnormal pigmenta- tion of the skin; melasma, m. cachecticorum (kS-kek-ti-ko'rum), n. of the cachectic, m. occur- ring in certain chronic diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, etc. m. seni'le, cutaneous pigmenta- tion occurring in the aged, parasit'ic m., vaga- bonds'* disease. melanoder'mic. Relating to or marked by melano- derma or pigmentation of the skin. melanodes (mel-an-o'dez) . Melanoid. mel'anogen [melanin + G. gennao, I produce.] A chromogen in urine which is converted into melanin. meranoid [G. melas{melan^), black, -|- eidos, resem- blance.] J. Blackish, deeply pigmented. 2. A pigment obtained by treating a protein with hydrochloric acid and heating. melano'ma, pi. m^lano'mata [G. melas(melan-), black, + -dma.l A pigmented mole, chromato- phoroma. melanonychia (mel-a,-no-mk'i-ah) [G. melas (me- lan-), black, + onyx (onych-), nail.] Black pigmentation of the nails, occurring especially on the free border. melanop'athy [G. melas{melan-), black, + pathos, suffering.] i. Any disease marked by pigmenta- tion of the skin or tissues. 2. Melanoderma, melasma. melanophore (mel'an-o-for) [G. melas (melan-), black, -I- phoreo, I carry.] A black pigment bearing cell. melanoplacia, melanoplakia (mel"&-no-pla'si- (ki)ah) [G. melas (melan-), black, -I- plax, a flat plain.] The occurrence of pigmented patches on the tongue and buccal mucous membrane. melanorrha'gia [G. melas(melan-), black, + rheg- nymi, I burst forth.] Melanorrhea. melanorrhe'a [G. tnelas{melan-), black, -I- rhoia, flow.] The discharge of dark colored or black stools; melena. melanosarco'ma [G. melas(melan-), black.] A malignant form of deeply pigmented sarcoma. mel"anosarcomato'sis. The occurrence of multiple melanosarcomata, generalized melanosarcoma. melanoscirrhus (mel-an-o-skir'(slr')us). A deeply pigmented scirrhous carcinoma. melano'sis [G. melas(melan^), black.] i. Abnormal pigmentation of the tissues and organs. ». Cachexia due to the presence of melanoid neo- plasms. melanos'ity [G. melas{melan-), black.] Darkness of complexion. melanot'ic. Relating to melanosis; marked by deep pigmentation. mel'anous. Dark complexioned, brunette. mel'anthin. A glucoside, resembling saponin and helleborln, in black caraway, the seeds of Nigella saiiva. melanu'ria [melanin + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of urine of a dark color, due to the pres- ence of melanin or other pigments or to the action of phenol, creosote, resorcin, and other coal-tar derivatives. melanu'ric. Relating to or characterized by melanuria. melan'urin. A dark pigment found at times in the urine. melas'ma [G. a black color, a black spot.] Melan- oderma, a patchy or generalized pigmentation of the skin. m. Addiso'nii, Addison's disease, m. gravida'rum, pigmentation of the skin in pregnant women, m. suprena'le, Addison's"' disease, m. universa'le, melanoderma senile. melena, melsena (mel-e'nah) [G. melaina, fem. of melas, black.] i. Melenemesis, black vomit. 2. The passage of dark colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices, m. neonato'rum, m. of the newborn, a form occurring in young infants, m. spu'ria, the passage of blood which has been swallowed, especially that from a fissured nipple, swallowed by nurslings, m. ve'ra, true m. as distinguished from m. spuria. melenemesis melaenemesis (mel-e-nem'e-sis) [G. melas{i. melaina), black, -f- emssis, vomiting.] Black vomit, melena (i), vomiting of dark colored or blackish material, consisting of blood altered by the action of the gastric juice. melicera, meliceris (mel-1-se'rah, meH-se'ris) [G. meli, honey, -I- keros, wax.] An hygroma or other cyst, containing matter of a honey-like consistence. melilo'tus [G. meli, honey, -|- lotos, lotus.] (N.F.) Melilot, the dried leaves and flowering tops of Melilotus officinalis, sweet or king's clover, a plant of the pulse family; formerly employed i nternally in the treatment of dysmenorrhea and flatulent diarrhea, and externally as a poultice for the relief of colic and muscular pain. melioform (mel'I-o-form). Trade name of a soft soap preparation containing formaldehyde. melis'sa [G. a bee.] Balm, sweet balm, lemon lobelia, sweet Mary; the leaves and tops of Melissa officinalis, a plant of southern Europe; diaphoretic In doses of 5i~4 (30.0-120.0) of an infusion of t ounce to i pint. melissopho'bia [G. melissa, bee, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of bees and wasps. melitag'ra [G. meli, honey, + agra, a seizure.] Eczema with soft honey-like crusts. melite'mia, melltae'mia [G. meli, honey, -t- haima, blood.] Glycemia, glycosemia. melitis (mel-i'(e')tis) [G. melon, cheek, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the cheek. melitoptyalism (meH-to-ti'al-izm). Glycoptyalism. mel'itose. A crystalline dextrorotatory sugar, C12H22O11, obtained from the manna of the "Tas- manian eucalyptus. melitu'ria [G. meli(melii-), honey, -I- ouron, urine.] The excretion of sugar In the urine, glycosuria. melitu'ric. Relating to or affected with mellturia, glycosuric. MELLITE 600 MEMBRANA mel'lite. MelUtum. melli'tum, gen. melli'H, pi. melli'ta [L. neut. of mellitus, honeyed.] A pharmaceutical preparation with honey as an excipient; same as mel (2). mellitu'ria. Melituria. meloma'nia [G. melos, song, + mania, frenzy.] i. An Insane or inordinate passion for music. 2. A form of insanity in which the patient sings Incessantly. meloma'niac. A person affected with melomanla. melom'elus {melos + melos, limb.] A monster with normal and rudimentary accessory limbs. melonoplasty (me'lon-o-plas"ti) [G, tnelon, cheek, + plasso, I form.] Plastic surgery of the cheek; repair of a defect in the cheek by grafting or the sliding of tissue from a neighboring part. meron-seed bodies. Small fibrous bodies lying loose In the joints or tendon sheaths. meroplasty [G. melos, limb, + plasso, I form. ] Reparative or plastic surgery of the extremities. Merrose Spring, Tennessee. "Chalybeate," "Yel- low Sulphur," and "Freestone" springs. Four springs. Used internally and locally for the astringent action. May 15 to October 31. Meltzer's meth^od (melt'ser) [Samuel J. Meltzer, American physician, *i85i.] Continuous intra- tracheal insufflation of air containing an anes- thetic vapor, in thoracic surgery. melubrin (mel-u'brin). A synthetic drug, the sodium salt of i-phenyl-2, 3 -dimethyl- 5-pyraz- olon-4-aminomethane-sulphonic acid; antipy- retic and analgesic, recommended in the treat- ment of neuralgia and acute articular rheumatism in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). mem'ber [L. membrum.'] A limb or extremity. membrana, gen. and pi. mefnbra'n^ (mem-brah'- (bra')nah) [L. membrane.] A membrane. m. abdom'inis, peritoneum. m. adamantin'ea, Nasmyth*s membrane, cuticula* dentis [BNA]. m. adventi'tia, (i) the outer serous covering of an organ which does not form an integral part of such organ but is derived from without; (2) decidua leflexa. m. agni'na, amnion. m. atlan'to-occipita'lis, one of two membranes pass- ing from the skull to the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas respectively; occipitoatlantal or occipito- atloid membrane. m. basila'ris, a membrane extending from the lamina spiralis ossea to the crista basilaris of the cochlea, forming the greater part of the floor of the ductus cochlearis, or scala media, and supporting the organ of Corti. m. cadu'ca, decidua. m. carno'sa, dartos. m. capsula'ris, the portion of the nutritive capsule which covers the posterior surface of the crystalline lens. m. capsulopupilla'riSp the portion of the m. pupillaris which extends laterally from the pupil to the anterior surface of the lens. m. choriocapilla'ris, the vascular (inner) layer of the chorioid coat of the eye. m. cer'ebri, any one of the cerebral meninges, especially the pia mater. m. cor'dis, pericardium. m. cortica'lis, m. vitellina. m. crico thyreoid' ea, conus elasticus [BNAJ, a mem- brane filling the interval between the cricoid and thy- roid cartilages anterioriy; laterally it s attached above to the inferior thyroarytenoid igament (ligamentum vocale). m. de~id'ua [BNA], see under decidua. m. duddelia'na, Descemet's* membrane. m. e'boris, the lining membrane of the pulp cavity of a tooth. m. elas'tica larya'gis [BNA], a layer of elastic fibers, taking the place in the laryn:^ of the submucosa. m. flac'cida, flaccid membrane, Shrapnell's* mem- brane. m. fus'ca [L. fiiscus, swarthy], the pigment layer between the chorioid and the sclera of the eyeball. m. germinati'va, blastoderm. m.. granulo'sa, a layer of yellow" granules lining the Graafian follicle. m. hyaloid'ea [BNA], hyaloid membrane, a mem- branous thickening of the stroma of the vitreous, form- ing a capsule of this body. m. hyothyreoid'ea fBNA], thyrohyoid membrane, a somewhat elastic membrane filling the interval between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage. m. interos'sea, a membrane connecting the radius and ulna (m. i. 'antibra' chii [BNA]), or the tibia and fibula (m. i, cruris [BNAJ). m. lim'itans, one of two layers of the retina, m. I. interna, or investing membrane, and the m. I. externa, between the nuclear layer and the layer of rods and cones. m. muco'sa, tunica mucosa [BNA]. m. nic'titanSf palpebra tertia, the third eyeHd of the horse, consisting of a semilunar fold of the conjunctiva, covering and partly enclosing a curved plate of hyaline cartilage, at the inner angle of the eye. m. non vi'brans, m. flaccida, Shrapnell's* membrane. m. obturato'ria [B NA], the thin membrane of strong interlacing fibers filling the obturator foramen. m. pituito'sa, the nasal mucous membrane. m. pro'pria, the basement layer of a mucous mem- brane. m. prsformati'va, a membrane described as existing between the enamel pulp and the enamel of the tooth, probably an artefact. m. pupilla'ris fBNA], a thin vascular membrane, forming the anterior portion of the capsule of the lens and occluding the pupil in fetal life ; it normally dis- appears about the seventh month, but may persist and cause congenital blindness; called also Wachendorf's membrane. m. putam'inis [L. putamen, husk], the membrane lining the shell of an egg. m,. quadrangida'ris» a portion of the m. elastica laryngis connecting the epiglottis, thyroid cartilages, arytenoid cartilage, and cartilago comiculata. m. reticula'r^, m. reticula'ta, reticular membrane, lamina reticularis; a thin cuticular membrane covering the organ of Corti from the outer rods to Hensen's cells. m. saccifor'mis, the synovial membrane of the in- ferior radio-ulnar articulation, m. sero'sa^ (1) a serous membrane; (2) the false amnion. m. seroti''nap the portion of the decidua entering into the formation of the placenta. m. ster'ni [BNA], sternal membrane, interfacing fibers from the anterior costosternal ligaments covering the anterior surface of the sternum. m. stria'ta, zona radiata. m. subzona'lis, false amnion. m. succin'gens [L. succingere, to surround], the pleura. m. tecto'ria [BNA], tectorial (roof) membrane, posterior occipitoaxial ligament, the upward con- tinuation of the posterior common, or longitudinal, ligament of the spine, attached to the basilar groove on the upper surface of the basilar portion of the occipital bone. m. ten'sa, m, vibrans. m. tym'pani [BNA], membrane of the tympanum, drum membrane, drumhead; a thin tense membrane forming the greater part of the outer wall of the tym- panic cavity and separating it from the external audi- tory meatus; it constitutes the boundary between the external and middle ear. m. t3rm'pani secunda'ria, secondary tympanic mem- brane, the membrane closing the fenestra cochleae or rotunda. m. versic'olor, Fielding's membrane, tapetum.* m. vestibula'ris Reiss'neri [BNA], Reissner's ves- tibular membrane, a delicate homogeneous mem- branef orming the roof of the ductus cpchlearis, or scala media, and separating it from the cavity of the scala vestibularis. m, vi'brans, the main, tense, portion of the m. MEMBRANA 6oi MENDEL'S INSTEP REFLEX tympani, distinguished from m. non vibrans, or Shrap- nell's* membranes. m. vitelli'na, the membrane enclosing the ovum; zona pellucida. membTana'ceous. Membranous mem'branate. Of the nature of a membrane. membrane (mem'bran) [L. membrana.] A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a cover- ing or envelope of a part, the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. (For the anatomical terms not found here, see under membrana.) acciden'tal m., false m. anhis'tous m., decidua. base'ment m., a thin structureless layer underlying the epithelium of the integument and mucous membrane, and serving as a support for numerous delicate struc- tures, cell m., the layer of condensed protoplasm serving as the enveloping capsule of a cell, crou'- pous m., false m. diphtherit'ic m., the false membrane forming on the mucous surfaces in diphtheria, drum m., membrana tympani. dys- menorrhe'al m., a membrane, resembling the de- cidua, cast off in cases of membranous dysmenor- rhea, elas'tic m., one formed of elastic connect- ive-tissue fibers, present in the trachea, the coats of the arteries, and elsewhere, false m., pseudo- membrane, a more or less thick, tough fibrinous exudate on the surface of a mucous membrane or the skin, fenes'trated m., tunica intima of an artery, fi'brous m., a strong m. composed chiefly of fibrous tissue, fe'tal m., one of the membranes forming the sac which encloses and supports the fetus, germ m., ger'minal m., blastoderm, hap'- togen m., a membrane supposed to surround the fat globules in milk and in other albuminous fluids. homoge'neous m., structureless membrane, not- ing specifically a fine membrane covering the villi of the placenta, hy'aline m., membrana propria. hy'aloid m., membrana hyaloidea. i'vory m,, membrana eboris. keratog'enous m., the matrix of thenail. med'ullary m., endosteum. mu'cous m., tunica mucosa [BNA], see under mucous. nic'titating m., membrana nictitans. nu'clear m., the outer layer of the nucleoplasm, olfac'tory m., membrana pituitosa. ov'ular m., membrana vitellina. periden'tal m., periodon'tal m., alveo- lar periosteum, the membrane surrounding the root of a tooth and lining the alveolar cavity. perior'bital m., the periosteum of the orbit. per'meable m., one which permits of the passage of water and of certain dissolved substances (crystal- loids); distinguished from a semipermeable m. pituitary m., membrana pituitosa. prolig'erous m., discus proligerus, cumulus* oophorus. pyo- gen'ic m., the granular lining membrane of an abscess cavity. Schneide'rian m., membrana pituitosa. semiper'meable m., a membrane which allows of the passage of water but not of any sub- stances (crystalloids) held in solution, se'rous m., serosa, see under serous, stri'ated m. of the oocyte, zona radiata. subenam'el m., membrana prasformativa. subepithe'lial m., basement m. subzo'nal m., the outer layer of the amnion, false amnion, derived from the mesoblast. syno'vial m., the lining membrane of a joint, secreting the synovia, tecto'rial m., (i) Corti's* membrane; (2) membrana tectoria. testa'ceous m., mem- brana putaminis. tu'bular m., neurilemma. un'dulating m., uu'dulatory m., a membrane pro- jecting laterally from certain unicellular organ- isms, or protozoa, especially well developed in trypanosomes ; it is a kinetic or locomotor organ. n"teroepicho'rial m., decidua vera, vir'ginal m., hymen, vi'tellary m., zona pellucida. vit'reous m., Descemet's* membrane, yolk m., membrana vitellina, zona pellucida. abdomen, i)eritoneum; mesentery, omentum, blood- vessels, intima^ endangium (lining); extima, adven- titia (envelopmg). bone, periosteum, endosteum. brain, meninx (pi. meninges); pachymeninx, dura mater; leptomeninx, pia mater, arachnoid, arachnopia. cardiac, endocardium (lining), pericardium (envelop- ing), chest, pleura, dissection, hymenotomy. ear, drum membrane, membrana tjnnpani, myringa, myrinx; consisting of membrana fiaccida. Shrapnell's membrane, and membrana tensa or vibrans; mem- brana tympani secundaria (in fenestra rotunda), eye, conjunctiva: menibrana hyaloidea (enclosing the vitre- ous humor) ; membrana nictitans (in certain animals and birds), false, pseudometnbrane, neomembrane, neohymen. fetal, amnion, chorion, allantois. fibrous, fascia, aponeurosis, inflammation, hymenitis; catarrh (mucous membrane); serositis (serous membranes); meningitis (brain ana spinal cord) ; endocarditis, peri- carditis (heart); pleuritis, pleurisy (chest); peritonitis (abdomen); synovitis, meningarthrocace (joints); coryza, rhinitis (nose) ; conjunctivitis (eye) ; myringitis (drum membrane), intestinal, mucosa (lining) ; serosa, peritoneum (enveloping) ; mesentery (supporting) ; epiploon, omentum (covering), joints, synovial mem- brane, arthromeninx. mucous, mucosa, muscle, fascia, aponeurosis, myolemma, sarcolemma, endomysium, epimysium, perimysium. nerves, neurilemma, epi- neurium, perineurium, endoneurium. nose, membrana pituitaria or pituitosa, pituitary membrane, Schnei- derian mucous membrane, passage of liquids through, osmosis, diosmos's, endosmosis, exosmosis. resembling, membranoid, hymenoid. science relating to, hymen- ology, membranology. serous, serosa, endothelium. skim, epicranium; galea aponeurotica; galea capitis. softening, hymenomalacia, meningomalacia. spinal cord, same as of brain ; ependyma (lining central canal) . testicle, tunica albuginea. thin, lejjtomeninx, pellicle. thinness, lepthymenia, leptohymenia. union of bones by, meningosis. uterus, endometrium; decidua (exfoli- ated or altered). membranelle'. A minute membrane formed of fused cilia, found in certain of the Ciliata. membran'ifoTm [L. membrana, membrane, + forma, form.] Of the appearance or character of a mem- brane. mem'branin. A protein derived from the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye. membranocartilaginous (mem"bra-no-kar-til-aj'ln- us). i. Partly membranous and partly cartilag- inous, .i. Derived from both membrane and cartilage, noting certain bones. mem'branoid [L. membrana, membrane, -I- G. eidos, resemblance.] Membranlform. mem'branous. Relating to or of the form of a membrane. mem'broid. A membranous capsule, resistant to the action of the gastric juice but dissolving in the intestine, used for inclosing medicaments which it is desired to introduce unaltered into the duodenum. mem'brum, pi. mem'bra [L. member.] A limb; a member, m. mulieb're [L. muliebris, feminine.] clitoris, m. viri'le [L. mri'lis, virile, belonging to' a man], the penis. mem'ory [L. memoria.'] The power of retaining in subconsciousness and of reviving an impression or Idea of which the mind has once been conscious ; recollection, affect' m., see affect*-memory. an'terograde m., a memory for events of long ago, but not for those of recent occurrence, senile m. menac'me [G. men, month, -t- akme, prime.] The period of menstrual activity in a woman's life. menarche (men-ar'ke) [G. men, month, -I- arche, beginning.] The establishment of the menstrual function. Men'del's in'step re'flex [Kurt Mendel, German neurologist, *l874.] The foot being firmly sup- ported on its inner side, a sharp tap on the doral tendons causes extension of the toes from the 2d to the sth. MENDEL'S LAW 602 MENINX Men'del's law Qohann Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and naturalist, 1822-1884.] When two varieties of plants, differing from each other in one characteristic, are crossed, the hybrids pre- serve for the most part the peculiarity of one or the other parent and do not exhibit a blend of the two. The characteristic which persists in the hybrids is called the dominate; that which tends to disappear the recessive. When these hybrids interbreed the recessive appears In one- fourth, the dominate In three-fourths of the descendants. Mendel-Bechterew re'flex (men'del-bekh-ter'yef) [Kurt Mendel; Vladimir von Bechterew.] Men- del's* instep reflex. M.^-B. sign, Bechterew's* pupil reflex. Mendelieff's law (men-da-la'yef) [Dimltrii Ivanovich MendeUejf, Russian chemist, 1834-1907.] Peri- odic law, Meyer's law; the properties of an ele- ment are a periodical function of its atomic weight ; that Is to say, the elements being arranged in the order of their atomic weights, every element in the series will be related in respect of Its proper- ties to the eighth in order before or after It. menelip'sis. Menolipsis. menhidro'sis, menidro'sis [G. men, month, 4- hidrosis, perspiration.] Hemorrhage from the skin occurring as a form of vicarious menstrua- tion. M£m£re's disease' (ma-ne-er') [Prosper Mlniire, French physician, 1799-1862.] M. 's syndrome, M. 's vertigo ; an affection characterized clinically "^ by vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and pro- gressive deafness; due probably to an effusion of blood Into the semicircular canals. menin'geal. Relating to the meninges. meningeocortical (men-in"je-o-kor'tI-kal). Relat- ing to the membranes and the cortex of the brain. meningeorrhaphy (men-in"je-or'3-fe) [G. meninx- (mening-), membrane, -t- raphe, suture.] Suture of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord; or of any membrane. meninges (men-in'jez) [pi. of meninx, membrane.] Membranes; specifically the membranous envel- ope of the brain and spinal cord. meningi'na. The combined pia mater and adjacent layer of the arachnoid. meninginitis (men-in-jin-i'(e')tis). Piarachnitis, leptomeningitis."* men'ingism. A condition of Irritation of the brain or spinal cord in which the symptoms simulate a meningitis, but in which no actual Inflammation of these membranes is present. meningit'ic. Relating to or characterized by meningitis. meningitis (men-in-jl'(je')tls) [G. meninximSning-), membrane, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the mem- branes of the brain or spinal cord. African m., sleeping-sickness, alcohoric m., serous m.(2) due to chronic alcoholism, has'ilar m., m. at the base of the brain, due usually to tuberculosis, cerebro- spi'nal m., inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, epidem'lc cerebrospi'nal m., an acute infectious disease affecting children usually, caused by a special microorganism, the meningococcus ; the symptoms are nasopharjmgeal catarrh, headache, vomiting, convulsions, stiffness In the neck, photophobia, constipation, cutaneous hyperesthesia, a purpuric or herpetic eruption, and the presence of Kemig 's sign ; in cases of recovery, blindness, deafness, and paralysis are frequent sequelae, exter'nal m., pachymeningitis externa. inter'nal m,, pachymeningitis interna, occlu'- sive m., leptomeningitis causing occlusion of the metapore, or foramen of Magendie. se'rous m.,- (i) acute m. with secondary external hydroceph- alus; (2) alcoholic m., wet-brain, serous apoplexy, a serous exudation In the ventricles and subarach- noid spaces occurring In alcoholic subjects after a prolonged debauch, tuber'culous m., Inflamma- tion of the cerebral pia mater marked by the pres- ence of tubercles ; it is usually confined to the base of the brain {basilar m.) and Is accompanied In children by an accumulation of serum In the ventricles (acute hydrocephalus) ; the disease may be localized or, especially in children, constitute one of the lesions of an acute general tuberculosis. meningitophobia (men-in-jit-o-fo'M-ah) [meningitis + G. photos, fear.] An hysterical .meningism caused by an exaggerated fear of brain disease, meningocele (men-in'go-sel) [G. meninx(mening-), membrane, + kele, tumor.] A protrusion of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord through a defect in the skull or spinal column. meningocephalitis (men-in-go-sef-al-l'(e')tis) [G. meninx{mening-'), membrane, -I- kephale, head, + -iiisl\ Meningoencephalitis. meningocerebiitis (men-ln-go-s6-re-bri'(bre')tls) [G. meninx(mening-), membrane, + L. cerebrum + G. -iiis.'] Meningoencephalitis. menin"gococ'cus. Diphcoccus iniracellularis men- ingitidis. meningocor'tical [G. meninx(mening-), membrane, + L. cortex, bark.] Relating to the meninges and the cerebral cortex. meningoencephalitis (men-ln"go-en-sef-al-l' (e') tis) . An inflammation of the brain and its mem- branes. menjngoencephalomyelitis (men-ln"go-en-sef''al-o- mi-el-l'(e')tis). Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord together with their membranes. meningomyelitis (men-in"go-mI-el-i'(e')tis) [G. men- inx(mening-), membrane, -1- myelos, marrow, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the spinal cord and of its enveloping arachnoid and pia mater, and less commonly also of the dura mater. meningomyelocele (men-ln"go-my'el-o-sel) [G. men- inx, membrane, -H myelos, marrow, -H kele, tumor.] A protrusion of the membranes and cord through a defect in the vertebral column. meningoosteophlebitis (men-in"go-os-te-o-fle-bl' (be')- tls). Inflammation of the veins of the peri- osteum. meningoradicular (mS-nin"go-rS.-dik'u-lar). [G. meninx, membrane, -|- L. radix, root.] Relat- ing to the meninges and the cranial or spinal nerve-roots. meningorrhachidian (men-in"go-ra-kld'l-an) [G. men inx{mening-), membrane, 4- rhachis, spine.] Relating to the spinal cord and Its membranes. meningorrhe'a, meningorrhce'a [G. meninximening-), membrane, + rhoia, flow.] Meningorrhagia. , meningorrha'gia [G. meninx(mening-), membrane, + rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Hemorrhage into or beneath the cerebral or spinal meninges. meningo'sis [G. meninx(mening-), membrane.] Membranous union of bones, as in the skiJl of the newborn. meningotyphoid fever (men-in"go-ti'foid fe'vur). Typhoid fever marked by symptoms of more or less irritation or inflammation of the cerebral or spinal meninges. meningu'ria [G. meninx^mening-), membrane, -1- ouron, urine.] The- passage of membraniform shreds In the urine. me'ninx, gen. menin'gis, pl. menin'ges [L. from G. meninx, membrane.] Any membrane ; specifically MENINX 603 MENTOPOSTERIOR one of the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. m. fibro'sa, dura mater, m. Eero'sa, arachnoid, m. ten'uis, arachnopia, piarachnoid. m. vasculo'sa, pia mater. meniscitis (men-ls-kr(ke')tls). Inflammation of an Interartloular cartilage. menis'cus [G. meniskos, crescent.] j.. A concavo- convex lens thicker In the center than at the sides, the convexity being greater than the concavity. z. An interartloular fibrocartUage of crescentlc or discoid shape found in certain joints; called also m. articularis [BNA]. conver'ging m., a. meniscus in which the convexity exceeds the con- cavity, positive m. diver'ging m., a concavocon- vex lens In which the concavity has a greater radius than the convexity, a negative m. m. latera'Us [BNA], lateral meniscus, external semi- lunar fibrocartilage, attached to the outer border of the upper articular surface of the tibia, m. media'lis [BNA], medial meniscus, internal semi- lunar fibrocartilage of the knee-joint, attached to the inner border of the upper articular surface of the tibia, neg'ative m., diverging m. pos'itive m., converging m. menisper'mum [G. mene, moon, + sperma, seed.] The rhizome and roots of Menispermum cana- dense, Canadian moonseed, vine maple, Texas or yellow sarsaparlUa, a climbing plant of eastern North America; it has been emplyed as a sub- stitute for sarsaparlUa. menocelis (men-o-se'lis) [G. men, month, + kelis, spot.] A dark maciilar or petechial eruption sometimes occurring in cases of amenorrhea. menolip'sis [G. men, month, + leipsis, a failing.] Temporary cessation of menstruation; amenor- rhea. menopause (men'o-pawz) [G. men, month, -I- pausis, cessation.] Permanent cessation of the menses; termination of the menstrual life. menopla'nla [G. men, month, -t- plane, a. wander- ing.] Vicarious menstruation. menorrhagia (men-or-raj'i-ah) [G. men, month, + rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Excessively pro- fuse menstruation. menorrhe'a, menorrhoe'a [G. men, month, -I- rhoia, flow.] I. Normal menstruation. 2. Menorrhagia. men'osal. Trade name of a preparation (menthyl salicylic methyl ester) recommended as an analgesic and in the treatment of rheumatic aifections. menoschesis (men-os'kS-sis) [G. men, month, -I- schesis, retention.] Suppression of menstruation. menosep'sis [G. men, month, -t- sepsis, putrefaction.] Blood-poisoning due to the absorption of septic material from a retained menstrual discharge. menosta'sia [G. men, month, -t- stasis, a standing.] Amenorrhea. menoxenia (men-o-ze'ni-ah) [G. men, month, -I- xenos, strange.] Any abnormality of men- struation. men'ses [L. mensis, month.] The periodical dis- charge of a bloody fluid from the uterus, occurring normally about once a month ; catamenla. men'strual. Catamenlal ; relating to the menses. men'struant. Menstruating. men'struate [L. mensiruare.l To perform menstrua- tion ; to pass through the catamenial period. menstrua'tion. The periodical discharge of a bloody fluid from the uterus, menorrhea(i) . vica'- rious m., bleeding from any surface, other than the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity, occurring periodically at the time when the normal m. should take place, this latter being suppressed. absence^ amenorrhea, menolipsis, menostasia. agent facilitating, emmenagogue. anomalous, paramenia. beginning of function, menophania, menarche. cessa- tion of function, menopause, climacteric, disorder of, emmeniopathy, paramenia, excessive, menorrhagia, menorrhea. painful, dysmenorrhea, menorrhalgia, period of menstrual activity, menacme. retention, menolipsis. scanty, oligomenorrhea. suppression, menostasia, menoschesis, ischomenia, menolipsis. vi- carious, menoplania, menoxenia, xenomenia, meno- metastasis, atopomenorrhea; stomatomenia, stomenor- rliagia (mouth); enteromenia (intestine); gastromenia (stomach); proctomenia (rectum); mastomenia (breasts) ; menidrosis (sweat glands) ; helcomenia (from an ulcer); myelomenia (spinal cord). men'struous. Menstrual, catamenlal. men'struum, pi. men'strua [L. menstrual fluid, this having been thought to possess markedly solvent properties.] A solvent, a fluid containing another substance in solution. men'sual [L. mensis, month.] Monthly. mensura'tion [L. mensurare, to measure.] Measure- ment. mentag'ra [L. mentum, chin, -f G. agra, a seizure.] Sycosis. mentagrophy'ton [meniagra + phyton, a plant ] The fungus causing sycosis parasitica. men'tal [L. mens, mind.] jc. Relating to the mind 3. [L. mentum, chin.] Relating to the chin, genial, m. fog, a clouding of consciousness, usually with more or less complete loss of memory for the past life or a part of it. menta'lis. See under musculus. mental'ity. The functional condition of the mind, mental activity. men'tha [L.] Mint. m. arven'sis pipeTas'cens, Japanese or Chinese peppermint, a source of menthol, m. piperi'ta (U.S.), peppermint, the leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita; carminative and antiemetic. m. pule'gium, pennyroyal, m. vir'idis (U.S.), spearmint, green, garden, or lamb mint, the leaves and flowering tops of Mentha spicata; carminative. menthene (men'then). A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, derived from menthol or from peppermint oil. menthi'odol. Trade name of a mixture of menthol and iodine, used externally in neuralgia. men'thol (U.S., Br.). Peppermint camphor, a stearopten obtained from oil of peppermint; occurs in colorless needles or crystalline masses, of peppermint odor and cool taste; employed locally as an antipruritic and analgesic and as a spray in affections of the respiratory mucous membranes, m. camphora'tum (N.F.), cam- phomenthol, a liquid obtained by triturating equal parts of camphor and menthol; employed locally as a counterirritant in neuralgia and (diluted) as a spray in rhinitis and pharyngitis. m. val'erate, validol. men'tholin. Trade name of a catarrh snu£E con- taining boric acid, menthol, and coffee. mentholyp'tine. Trade name of an antiseptic solution for external use, containing eucalyptol and menthol. xnenthonhe'nol. Trade nam.e of a mixture of men- thol and of phenol, used as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. mentoanterior (men"to-an-te'ri-or) [L. mentum, chin.] Noting a presentation of the fetus with its chin pointing to the right or left acetabulum of the mother. mentolabia'lis. The mentalls (levator labll Inferi- orls) and quadratus labii Inferioris (quadratus menti) considered as one muscle. mentoposte'rior [L. mentum, chin.] Noting a presentation of the fetus with its chin pointing to MENTOPOSTERIOR 604 MERISPOI the right or left sacrolUac articulation of the mother. men'tum, gen. menii [L.] The chin, genium. menyanthes (men-I-an'thez) [G. men, month, + anthos, flower.] (N.F.) Buckbean, bogbean, water shamrock, marsh trefoil, the leaves of Menyanthes trifoliata, an herb found in wet and marshy places; has been employed as a tonic, emmenagogue, and antiscorbutic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). Menzer*s se'rum (ment'ser) [Arthur August Ludwlg Menzer, German bacteriologist, *i87i.] An antlstreptococcus serum prepared by Injecting Into horses a ctdture of streptococci from the tonsils of patients with articular rheumatism. mephit'lc [L. mephitis, a noxious exhalation.] Foul, poisonous, noxious, m. gas, carbon dioxide. meralgia (me-ral'ji-ah) [meros, thigh, + algos, pain.] Pain in the thigh, sciatica, m. parssthet'ica, Bemhardt's disease, tingling, formication, itching, and other forms of paresthesia in the outer side of the lower part of the thigh in the area of dis- tribution of the external cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve ; there may be pain, but the skin is usually hypesthetic to the touch. mercap'tan [L. mer(curiits) , mercury, -1- captans, seizing.] Thloalcohol, a class of substances In which the oxygen of an alcohol has been replaced by sulphur; they form white compounds with mercuric oxide. mercap'tol. A substance derived from a ketone by the replacement of the bivalent oxygen by two thloalkyl groups. mercauro (mur-kaw'ro). Trade name of a prepara- tion containing a mixture of the bromides of mercury and gold. Mercier's bar or barr'ier (mer-se-a') [Louis Auguste Mercier, French urologist, 181 1— 1882.] The hypertrophled middle lobe of the prostate. M.'s sound, a catheter the beak of which Is short and bent almost at a right angle. M.'s valve, the enlarged sphincter veslcse muscle, or annulus* urethralls. mer'colint. Trade name of a thick soft woven material impregnated with a mercurial prepara- tion ; it is worn next the skin so as to obtaln- a continuous slight absorption of mercury. mercurette'. Trade name of a preparation of mercury extinguished in cacoa butter, used for inunction. mercurial (mur-ku'ri-al) . i. Relating to mercury. 2. Any salt of mercury employed medicinally. mercuria'lis. Herb of Mercurialis annua, French mercury, mercury herb, and of M. perennis, dog 's mercury, Kentish balsam, European plants pos- sessing alterative properties ; employed in syphilis, scrofula, and dysmenorrhea in doses of njJS-30 (o . 3-2 .0) of a fluldextract. mercu'rlalism. Hydrargyrism, poisoning by mer- cury. mercuTlaliza'tion. The being or the bringing under the therapeutic Influence of mercury. mercu'rialize. i. To impregnate with mercury, a. To bring under the therapeutic influence of mercury. mercu'ric. Noting a salt of mercury in which the ion of the metal is bivalent, as in corrosive subli- mate, mercuric chloride, HgClj; the mercurous chloride is calomel, HgCl. Mercurio's position (mer-koo'ri-o) [Geronimo Scipi- one Mercuric, Italian accoucheur, iS5o-iS95(?)-] An obstetrical position similar to Walcher's.* mercu'riUB. The homeopathic term for hydrar- gyrum or mercury, m. corrosi'Tus, corrosive sublimate, used In dysentery with tenesmus, gonorrhea, ophthalmia, and syphilitic Iritis, a In profuse watery coryza in the 6th to 30th ] tency. m. dul'cis, calomel, employed in Eus chian catarrh, diarrhea, and prostatitis in doi of the 3d to 6th trituration, m. ioda'tus fla'v yellow iodide of mercury, employed In sore thro faucial ulceration, and syphilis in doses of ( 3d decimal trituration, m. ioda'tus ru'ber, i Iodide of mercury, employed In ulcerated s< throat and diphtheria In doses of the 3d t turatlon. m. vi'rus, metallic mercury triturat with sugar of milk, employed In bromldros cough with a ropy mucous expectoration, a syphilis, in doses of the 6th to 30th potency. mercurochrome (mvu:'ku-ro-kr5m) [mercury + chroma, color.] Any dye containing by substil tion one or more atoms of mercury in the mo cule. m. -220, dibrom-oxymercuryfluoresce: or its sodium salt, a germicide recommended i use in the genitourinary tract, obtained by t substitution of one atom of mercury in t molecule of dibromiiuorescein. xner'curol. Mercury nuclelnate or nuclelde, a co: pound of mercury and nucleinlc acid; a llg brown powder soluble in water, employed loca! as an astringent antiseptic in various affectio of the conjunctiva and urogenital tract In 5 10 per cent, solution, and Internally in syphi In doses of gr. 2—3 (o . 13-0 . 2). mer'curous. Noting a salt of mercury in which t Ion of the metal Is univalent, as in calom mercurous chloride, HgCl; the mercuric chlori is corrosive sublimate, HgClj. mercury (mur'ku-ri) [L. Mercurius, Mercury, t god of trade.] Quicksilver, mercurius, hydr. gyrum.* cal'cined m., mercuric oxide, dog's i mercurialis. French m., mercurialis. girl's i mercurialis. m. atox'ylate, a compound of m( cxiry and atoxyl, used in the treatment of syphi in doses of gr. 4—1(0.03-0.045) by hypodem injection every three days. m. herb, mercurial m. velop'ural, mercury i part, triturated extinction with hydrous wool-fat, and mixed wi velopural 2 parts, veg'etable m., manaca. mer'gal. Trade name of a preparation said to cc slst of mercury cholate and tannin albuminate the proportion of i part of the former to 2 pa; of the latter; recommended In the treatment syphilis In dose of gr. 2 (0.13). Mergentheim, Germany (mer'gen-tim). Sallr carbonated waters. Cold. Used by drinking dyspepsia, gallstones, obesity, gout, rheumatis: neuralgia, diabetes, chronic Intestinal catan and constipation. May i to October 1. mer'icarp [G. meros, part, -I- karpos, fruit.] Her carp. merid'ian [L. meridianus.] A line encircling a glol lar body at right angles to its equator and touc ing both poles, or the half of such a circle exter Ing from pole to pole. merid'lonal. Relating to a meridian. MSrieuz-Baillon test (ma-re-6'bi-yawn') . If t serum from a tuberculous individual is inject into another person, there will be a reacti if the latter is tuberculous. merinthophobia (me-rin'tho-fD'H-ah) [G. merinth a cord.] A morbid fear of being bound. merismope'dia [G. merismos, dividing, -I- pedit field.] A term which has been used to Inclu all the micrococci dividing In two planes, be the pedlococci and the planococcl. mer'ispore [G. meros, a part, + sporos, seed.] secondary spore, a spore resulting from the si MJiKiSl^JKiS 60s MESENTERY mentation of another (compound or septate) spore. meristem (mer'is-tem) [G. merizo, I divide.] i. In botany, the new tissue at the sprouting end of a twig or growing leaf, consisting largely of actively dividing cells. Hence in histology — 2. Embryo- nal tissue. meristic (mS-ris'tik) [G. meristikos, suitable for dividing.] Symmetrical, that can be divided evenly, noting bilateral or longitudinal sym- metry in the arrangement of parts in one organism. meris'tifonn [G. meristos, divided, + L. forma, form.] Sarcinous, having the packet-shape of sarcinae. Meritch'leri, Bulgaria. Alkaline-saline-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in various disorders. Merkel's cor'puscles (mer'kel) [Karl Ludwlg Mer- kel, German anatomist, 1812-1876.] M. 's touch cells. M.'s fil'trum ventric'uU, a grove between the two prominences, in each lateral wall of the vestibule of the larynx, formed by the cuneiform and the arytenoid cartilages. U.'s gan'glia, M.'s touch cells. M.'s mus'cle, musculus cera- tocricoides. M.'s touch cells, small rounded or piriform groups of cells. In the papillae of the skin, connected with the nerve terminations. meroacra'nia [G. meros, part, -^ o- priv. + kranion, skull.] Congenital lack of a part of the cranium. meroblas'tic [G. meros, part, + blastos, germ.] Not- ing an ovum the yolk of which is large and con- tains nutrient material, such as the eggs of birds, reptiles, and fishes ; the opposite of holoblasiic. merocele (me'ro-sel) [G. meros, thigh, -f kele, hernia.] A femoral hernia. merocrine (mer'o-krin, mer'o-krin) [G. meros, a part, + krino, I separate.] Noting a gland the product of which is secreted by the cells, the latter not being thereby destroyed, such as a mucous gland; opposed to holocrine, merodiastolic (mer-o-di-as-tol'ik) [G. meros, part.] Partially diastolic; relating to a part of the dias- tole of the heart. merogas'trula. The gastrula of a meroblastic ovumi. merogen'esis [G. meros, part, + genesis, production.] Segmentation, merotomy. merogenet'ic, merogen'ic. Relating to merogen- esis, segmental. merogony (m6-rog'o-nl) [G. meros, part, + gone, generation.] The development of an ovum, the chromatin of the nucleus of which has been dis- organized, when fertilized by a normal sperm cell. meromicroso'mia [G. meros, part, + mikros, small, + soma, body.] Abnormal smallness of some portion of the body, local dwarfism. merorrhachischisis (me-ro-rS-kls'ld-sis) [G. meros part, + rhachis, spine, -I- schisis, fissure.] Fis- sure of a portion of the spinal cord. merosystol'ic [G. meros, part.] Partially systolic; relating to a portion of the systole of the heart. merot'omy [G. meros, part, + tome. Incision.] Merogenesis, segmentation. merozoite (mS-ro-zo'it) [G. meros, a part, + zoon, animal.] One of the segments resulting from the fission or geinmation of the schizont. Meru'lius [L. merula, blackbird.] A genus of fungi. M. lac'rimans, the cause of dry-rot In pine, spruce, and other wood derived from conif- erous trees. M^iy's glands (ma-re') [Jean MSry, Parisian anato- mist, 1645-1722.] Cowper's* glands. merycism, merycismus (mer'I-sizm, mer-I-siz'mus) [G. merykismos, chewing the cud.] Rumination; the raising of food from the stomach and submit- ting it to a rechewing, a. normal act in certain animals. mes'ad [G. mesos, middle, + L. ad, to.] Toward the median plane of the body or a part. mes'al [G. mesos, middle.] Relating to the median plane of the body or a part ; median, middle. mesameboid, mesamoeboid (mes-a.-me'boyd) [G. mesos, middle, -I- amoibe, change (amoeba), -\- eidos, resemblance.] i. A wandering cell or leucocyte. ^. An unattached cell of the embry- onic middle germ-layer, or mesoderm. mesaortitis (mes-a-or-tl'(te')tis) [G. mesos, middle, -t- aorta + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the middle or muscular coat of the aorta. mesara'ic [G. mesaraion, mesentery.] Mesarelc, mesenteric. mesare'ic, mesarae'ic [G. mesaraion, mesentery.] Relating to the mesentery mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-I'(e')tis)[G. m^sos, middle, + arteria, artery, + -itis.\ Inflammation of the middle (muscular) coat of an artery. mesaticephalic (mes-at"![-se-fal'ik) [G. mesatos, mid- most, -f kephale, head.] Having a head of me- divun length. Noting a skull with a cephalic index between 75 and 80 and with a capacity of 1350 c.c. to 1450 c.c, or an individual with such a skull. Among the mesaticephalic races are the Europeans, American Indians, Polynesians, and Chinese. mesatipel'Iic, mesatipel'vic [G. mesatos, midmost, + pellis, a bowl (the pelvis).] Noting an individual with a pelvic index between 90° and 95°. mescal'. A spirit distilled from pulque, m. butt'ons, Anhalonium. lewinii. mes'caline. An alkaloid, CnHuNO,, from Anhalo- nium. lewinii. mesen'cephal. Mesencephalon. mesencepharic. Relating to the mesencephalon. mesenceph'alon [G. mesos, middle, -I- enkephalos, brain.] The mld-braln, the second of the three primitive cerebral vesicles from which are devel- oped the corpora quadrigemina, the crura cerebri, and the aqueduct of Sylvius. mesenchyma (mes-en'ki-mah) [G. mesos, middle + enchyma, infusion.] An embryonic mesodermal tissue, consisting of cells forming a network of protoplasm, the meshes of which are filled by a homogeneous matrix; It gives origin to the con- nective tissues. mesenchymal (mes-en'kl-mal). Relating to the mesenchyma. mesenchyme (mes'en-kim). Mesenchyma. mesenter'ic. Relating to the mesentery. mesenteriolum (mes-en-tS-ri'o-Ium) [L. dim. of mesenterium, mesentery.] A small mesentery, as one of an intestinal diverticulum, m. proces'sus Termifor'mis [BNA], mesoappendix, the mesen- tery of the vermiform appendix. mesenteritis (mes-en-te-rl'(re')tis). Inflammation of the mesentery. mesenterium (mes-en-te'ri-um) [L.] [BNA] Mes- entery, m. commu'ne, the mesentery proper as distinguished from the mesocolon, n:iesorectum, and mesenteriolum of the appendix. mesen'teron [G. mesos, middle, -t- enteron. Intestine.] The Interior of the primitive intestine or cavity of the archenteron. mes'entery [L. mesenterium; G. mesos, middle, -I- enteron, intestine.] A double layer of peritoneum attached to the . abdominal wall and enclosing in Its fold a portion or all of one of the abdominal viscera, conveying to It Its vessels and nerves. Specifically the fan-shaped fold of peritoneum encircling the greater part of the small Intestine MESENTERY 606 MESOEPIDIDYl (jejunum and ileum) and attaching it to the posterior abdominal wall. mes'iad. Mesad. mesial (mes'l-al or me'zi-al). Median, middle, mesal; toward the middle line or apex of the dental arch. m. angle, the angle formed by the meeting of the mesial with the labial (or buccal) or lingual surface of a tooth, m. surface, the contact surface of a tooth looking toward the preceding tooth in the row, i,e. the one nearer the middle line of the jaw. mes'in. Trade name of hexamethylene-tetramine lithium citrate, recommended as a urinary- antiseptic. mesiobuccal (me'sl-o-buk'al). Relating to the mesial and buccal surfaces of a tooth, noting especially the angle formed by the junction of these two surfaces. mesiobucco-occlusal (me"si-o-buk"o-6-klu'sal) . A term designating the angle formed by the junc- tion of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid, or molar tooth. mesiodistal (me'si-o-dis'tal). Noting the plane or diameter of a tooth cutting its mesial and distal surfaces. mesio-incisal (me"si-o-in-si'zal). Relating to the mesial and incisal surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. mesiolabial (me"sJ-o-la'bJ-al). Relating to the mesial and labial surfaces of a tooth, noting especially the angle formed by their junction. mesiolingual (me"si-o-ling'gwal). Relating to the mesial and lingual surfaces of a tooth, noting especially the angle formed by their junction. mesiolinguo-occlusal (me"si-o-ling"gwo-6-klu'- sal) . Noting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth. mes'ion. Meson. mesio-occlusal (me'si-o-S-klu'sal) . Noting the angle formed by the junction of the mesial and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth. Mes'merism [Frledrlch Anton Mesmer, German physician, 1733-1815.] Hypnotism. mes'merize. To hypnotize. mesoappendiz (mes"o-4-pen'diks) [G. mesos, middle, + L. appendix (vermiformis).'] Mesenteriolum processus vermiformis [BNA]. mesoarial (mes-o-a'ri-al). Relating to the meso- arlum. mesoarium (mes-o-a'ri-um) [G. mesos, middle, + oarion, small egg.] A peritoneal fold supporting the ovary and Its blood-vessels and nerves as the mesentery does the Intestine; mesentery of the ovary, mesovarlum. mesobacter'ium. A bacterium of medium size. mes'oblast [G. mesos, middle, -I- blasios, germ.] The middle germinal layer of the embryo, lying between the hypoblast and the eplblast and derived from the endoderm and ectoderm. The greater part of the body (skin, connective tissue, bone, muscle, and excretory organs) Is derived from the mesoblast. mes"oblaste'ma [G. mesos, middle, + blastema, a sprout.] All the cells collectively which con- stitute the mesoblast. mesoblaste'mic. Relating to or derived from the meso blastema. mesoblas'tic. Relating to or derived from the mesoblast. mesobronchitis (mes"o-brong-kl'(ke')tis) [G. mesos, middle, -I- bronchos, bronchus, + -itis.] Inflam- mation of the middle, or muscular, coat of the bronchi. mesocar'dia. Malposition of the heart which o pies a central position in the chest, as in e fetal life. mesocardium (mes-o-kar'dK-um) [G. mesos, r die, + kardia, heart.] The pericardial pie that portion of the mediastinal pleura whic fused with the pericardium. mes'ocarp [G. m,esos, middle, -I- karpos, fruit.] botany, the middle layer of the pericarp or ■ of a mature ovary. mesoce'cal. Relating to the mesocecum. mesoce'cum, mesocse'cum. The mesentery of cecum. mes'ocele, mes'occele. Mesocella. mesocelia (mes-o-se'H-ah) [G. mesos, middle koilia, hollow.] Aqueduct of Sylvius connect the third with the fourth ventricle of the br mesocephal'ic [G. mesos, middle, -I- kephale, he 1. Mesatlcephallc. 2. Mesencephalic. mesoceph'alon [G. mesos, middle, + kephale, he Mesencephalon. mesochymal (mes-ok'i-mal). Mesenchymal. mesoceph'alous. Mesocephallc. mesococ'cus. A coccus of medium size, nelt micrococcus nor macrococcus. mesocoe'lia. Mesocella. mesocol'ic. Relating to the mesocolon. mesoco'lon [G. mesos, middle, + kohn, colon.] ' fold of peritoneum attaching the colon to posterior abdominal wall; It Is variously ca! ascending, transverse, descending, and pelvic sigmoid corresponding to the respective dlvlsl of the colon; the ascending and descending j tlons are usually more or less deficient or absf mesoco'lopexy [mesocolon + pexis, fixation.] operation for shortening the mesocolon making a fold in It and suturing ; for the correct of undue mobility and ptosis of the colon. mesoco"loplica'tion [mesocolon + L. plicare, fold.] Mesocolopexy. mes'ocord. A fold of amnion which sometii binds a segment of the umbilical cord to placenta. mesocuneiform (mes-o-ku'ne-Morm) [G. me. middle.] The middle cimelform bone, os cui forme secundum. mesocyte (mes'o-sit) [G. mesos, middle, + ky cell.] Mesolymphocyte. mesocyto'ma [G. mesos, middle, -I- kytos, cell, -oma.'] A tumor formed of connectlve-tlss lymphoid, or muscle cells (mesocytes) ; a sarcoi mes'oderm [G. mesos, middle, + derma, sk Mesoblast; the middle of the three layers of primitive embryo, formed by cells budding from the primitive streak. mesoder'mic. Relating to the mesoderm. mesodesma (mes-o-dez'mah) [G. mesos, middle, desma, band, ligament.] A division of the bn ligament of the uterus, m. suspenso'rit an upward extension of the broad ligament at external insertion into the lateral wall of the ] vis. m. teres, a fold of the broad ligament end ing the round ligament. mesodiastoric. During the diastole of the hei mesodmitis (mes-od-ml'(me')tls) [G. mesodme, panelled compartment.] Medlastlnltls. mes'odont [G. mesos, middle, mean, + odous{odon tooth.] Having teeth of medium size. Not a skull with a dental index between 42 and 44 mesoduod'enal. Relating to the mesoduodenun mes"oduode'num [G. mesos, middle, -I- L. duodena The mesentery of the duodenum. mesoenteri'olum. Mesenteriolum. mesoepididymis (mes-o-ep-I-dld'I-mls). An oc MESOEPIDIDYMIS 607 MESOTHORIUM slonal fold of the tunica vaginalis binding the epididymis to the testis. mesogas'ter [G. mesos, middle, + gaster, belly.] Midgut. mesogas'tric. Relating to the mesogastrlum. mesogas'trium [G. mesos, middle, + gaster, stomach.] I. In the embryo, the mesentery In relation with the dilated portion of the enteric canal which Is the future stomach. 2. The umbilical region of the abdomen, see cut under abdominal. mesoglu'teal. Relating to the mesoglutseus. mesoglutae'us. Musculus glutaeus medlus. mesognath'ic. i. Relating to the mesognathlon. a. Mesognathous. mesognath'ion [G. mesos, middle, + gnathos, jaw.] The lateral segment of the premaxlUary or Incisive bone external to the endognathlon. meBOg'nathous [G. mesos, middle, mean, + gnathos, jaw.] Having a face with slightly projecting jaw, one with a gnathic Index from 98 to 103. Mesogon'imus [G. mesos, middle, + gonimos, with generative power.] A genus of flukes, the same In general as Paragonimus. M. heteroph'yes, Cotylogonimus heterophyes. M. westermann'i, Paragonimus westermanni. mesohylo'ma. A tumor derived from tissue formed from the mesoblastlc pulp, or mesothellum. mesoileum (mes-o-il'e-iun). The mesentery of the ileum. mesojeju'num. The mesentery of the jejunum. mesolepido'ma [G. mesos, middle, + lepisQepid-^, rind, + -oma.l A tumor composed of cells derived from the persistent embryonic mesothe- llum. atyp'ical m., carcinoma of one of the uro- genital organs or of the serous membranes. lyp'ical m., adenoma of the urogenital organs or of the serous membranes. mesol'obus [G. mesos, middle, + lobos, lobe.] Corpus callosum. mesolymphocyte (mes-o-lim'fo-slt) [G. mesos, mid- dle.] A mediiim sized uninuclear white cell, with deeply staining nucleus of large size but relatively smaller than that in most of the lymphocytes. mesometritis (mes'o-nie-trl'(tre')tls) [G. mesos, middle, -I- metra, uterus, -I- -«'/«>.] Myometritis. mesome'trium [G. mesos, middle, 4- metra, uterus.] I. Myometrium. 2. [BNA] The broad ligament (ligamentum latum) of the uterus, below the mesosalpinx. mes'on [G. neuter of mesos, middle.] The median anteroposterior plane of the body. mesoneph'iic. Relating to the mesonephron. mesoneph'ron, mesoneph'ros [G. mesos, middle, 4- nepkros, kidney.] The Wolffian* body. mesoneuritis (mes"o-nu-rl'(re')tls) [G. mesos, mid- dle.] Neuritis ; Inflanxmatlon of a nerve or of its connective tissue without Involvement of its sheath, nod'ular m., Inflammation of the con- nective tissue beneath the nerve-sheath, with the formation of circumscribed flbrous thickenings. mesoomentum (mes"o-o-men'tum). The attach- ment of the omentum. meso-ontomorph (mS-so-on'to-morf) [G. mesos, middle, -|- on, being, -f- morphe, shape.] An in- dividual of broad stocky type, with a tendency to hypothyroidism. mesophiric [G. mesos, middle, -1- phileo, I love.] Preferring a medium temperature, said of bacteria developing between the limits of 10° and 45° C. (50° and 113° F.), with an optimum of 37° C. mesoph'ryoh [G. mesos, middle, + ophrys, eyebrow.] Glabella. mes'ophyll [G. mesos, middle, + phyllon, leaf.] The Inner tissue of a leaf. mesopneumon (mes-o-nu'mon) [G. mesos, middle, -f pneumon, lung.] The junction of the two layers of the pleura at the hllus of the lung. mesoproso'pic [G. mesos, middle, -I- prosopon, face.] Having a face of moderate width, i.e. with a facial index of about 90. mesopsyche (mes-op-sl'ke) [G. mesos, middle, -I- psyche, soul.] Mesencephalon. mesorchial (mes-or'ki-al). Relating to the mesor- chlum. mesorchium (mes-or'kl-um) [G. mesos, middle, -t- orchis, testicle.] i. A fold of peritoneum sup- porting the mesonephros and its ventromedian genital gland. 2. A fold of peritoneum, in the fetus, holding the testis in place against the abdominal wall. mesorec'tum [G. mesos, middle, -1- L. rectum.] [BNA] The peritoneal investment of the rec- tum, covering the upper part only. mesoret'ina [G. mesos, middle.] The combined nuclear layer and layer of rods and cones, or mosaic layer, of the retina. mesorrhachischisis (mes-o-rS,-kis'lc(-sis) . Meror- rhachischisis. mesorrhine (mes'-o-rin) [G. mesos, middle, mean, + rhis, nose.] Having a nose of moderate width. Noting a skull with a nasal index from 47 to $1 (Frankfort agreement) or 48 to 53 (Broca). mesosarpinx [G. mesos, middle, -I- salpinx, tuba (uterina).] [BNA] The part of the broad liga- ment investing the Fallopian tube. mes"oscap'ula. The spine of the scapula. mesoseme (mes'o-sem) [G. mesos, middle, mean, + sema, sign.] Noting an orbital aperture with an Index between 84 and 89. mesosig'moid. The mesocolon of the sigmoid flexure. mesosigmoiditis (mes-o-slg-moy-dl'(de')tls). Inflam- mation of the mesosigmoid. mesosigmoidopezy (me-so-sig-moy'do-pek-sl). Sur- gical fixation of the mesosigmoid. mesoso'matous [G. mesos, middle, + soma, body.] Noting a person of medium height. mesostate (mes'o-stat) [G. mesos, middle, + statos, placed.] An intermediate product In metabo- lism, one of the substances formed during the process of the conversion of the raw material Into an assimilable product. mesoster'num [G. mesos, middle, + sternon, sternum.] The corpus or body of the sternum, gladiolus. mesosyphUis (mes"o-sxf'!-lis) [G. mesos, middle.] Secondary syphilis. mesosystol'ic [G. mesos, middle.] Occurring during the systole of the heart. mes'otan. Trade name of methyloxymethyl ester of salicylic acid (C,H,(OH)COOCHjOCHj); a yellowish, odorless, oily liquid containing 75 per cent, of salicylic acid ; employed externally in the treatment of articular and muscular rheumatism, gout, and neuralgia. mesothe'lial. Relating to the mesothellum. mesothelio'ma. A lepldoma of the second order composed of cells descended from the persistent mesothellum of the embryo. mesothe'Iium. The epithelium lining the coeloma or primitive body-cavity in the embryo. mesoth'enar [G. mesos, middle, + thenar, palm of the hand.] Musculus adductor poUicis. ines"otho'rium. The disintegration product of thorium; m. i is rayless, but m. 2, the next step in the process of disintegration, gives off beta and gamma rays; its disintegration prod- y uct is radlothorium. MESOTROPIC 608 METALLOTHERA] mesotrop'ic [G. mesos, middle, + trope, a turning.] Turned toward the median plane. mesotur'binate. The middle turbinate body. mesouranic (mes"o-u-ran'lk) [G. mesos, middle, + ouranos, palate.] Having a palatal index between no and 115. mesova'rium [G. mesos, middle, + L. ovarium, ovary.] [B NA] A short peritoneal fold connecting the anterior border of the ovary with the poste- rior layer of the broad ligament of the uterus; mesoarium. mesuran'ic. Mesouranic. meta- [G. after, between, over.] i. In chemistry a prefix denoting that a compound is formed by two substitutions in the benzene ring arranged unsymmetrlcally, i.e. linked to the first and third, second and fotirth, third and fifth, etc., carbon atoms of the series. 2. A prefix In many words denoting a change, transformation, or occurrence behind or after something else In the series. metab'asis [G. a passing over, change.] A change of any kind. In symptoms or course of a disease, treatment, etc. metaboric. Relating to metabolism. metab'olin. Metabolite. metab^olism [G. meiabole, change.] Tissue-change, the sum of the chemical changes wherebj' the function of nutrition is effected-; It consists of anabollsm, or the constructive or assimilative changes, and catabollsm, or the destructive or retrograde changes. metabolite (mS-tab'o-lTt). Any product of metabo- lism, especially of catabolism. znetab'olon [G. neuter of metabolos, changeable.] A particle, having only a temporary existence in its present form, produced during the dis- integration of a radioactive substance. metacar^pal. Relating to the metacarpus. metacar"pophalan'geal. Relating to the meta- carpus and the phalanges, noting the articulations between them. metacar'pus [G. meia, beyond, -t- karpos, wrist.] The part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers, the palm; the five metacarpal bones collectively which form the skeleton of this part. metacasein (met-ah-ka'se-In). One of the meso- states In the digestion of casein. metacele (met'ah-sel). Metacoella metacetone (met-as'e-tOn). Dlethylketone. metachloral (met-ah-clo'ral). Parachloral, trlchlo- ral, obtained from chloral by prolonged contact with sulphuric acid; a white Insoluble powder, CjHgCljOj, a polymer of chloral; antiseptic. metachromatic (met"ah-kro-mat'ik) . Relating to metachromatism. m. bodies, certain granules or inclusions in bacterial cells which differ in staining properties from the surrounding protoplasm. metachromatin (met-ah-kro'mS-tin). The baso- phile constituent of nuclear chromatin. metachro'matism [G. meta, beyond, + chroma, color.] Any color change, whether natural or produced by staining fluids. metachromophil, metachromophile (met-ah-kro'mo- fil, or fll) [G. m^ta, beyond, + chroma, color, -t- philos, fond.] Not staining true with a given dye ; said of certain blood cells or tissues. metachrosis (met-S-kro'sls) [G. meia, after, -I- chros, color, complexion.] A change of color, such as occurs in certain animals, as the chameleon; metachromatism. metachysis (mS-tak'I-sls) [G. meta, beyond, trans, -f chysis, a pouring out, fusion.] Transfusion. metacine'sia [G. meia, beyond, + /linesis, raovemei Moving apart, noting the separation of the n cells formed by caryocinesla. metacoe'lia [G. meta, beyond, -1- koilia, a hollo The posterior portion of the fotirth ventricle the brain. metacone (met'ah-kon) [G. meta, behind, konos, cone.] The distobuccal cusp of an t per molar tooth. metaconid (met"ah-kon'id) . The mesiolingual ct of a lower molar tooth. metaconule (met-ah-kon'ul) . The distal int mediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. metacre'salol. Metacresyllc ester of salicylic ac obtained by the action of metacresol on salicy acid; a white Insoluble powder employed as substitute for salol. metacre'sol. One of the three Isomeric cresols, colorless liquid, boiling at 201° C. metagas'ter [G. meta, . after, + gaster, belly.] T secondary and permanent intestinal canal in t embryo, derived from the protogastQr. metagas'trula [G. meta, over.] A gastrula formed a cleavage differing from the normal in any we metagen'esis [G. meta, beyond, -I- genesis, pi duction.] A modified form of alternate genei tion in which there are several changes of fo: from the ovum to the mature typical indivldu metagglu'tinin. Partial agglutinin, an agglutii in immune serum which acts upon microorga isms closely related to the specific antigen. metagrippal (met-ah-grip'al). Postgrippal, c curring as a sequence of grip, or infiuenza. metaicteric (met-ah-lk'ter-ik). Occurring' as sequence of jaundice. metainf active (met"ah-in-f ek'tiv) . [G. me, after.] Occurring subsequent to an infectio noting specifically a febrile condition which sometimes observed during convalescence frc an infectious disease. metakine'sis. Metaclixesla. met'al [G. metallon]. One of the electroposltl elements, eitheramphoterlcorbasylous. arkalii one of the members of the sodium group of basylo elements, colloid'al m., electrosol, metallic f< ment; a, colloidal solution of a metal (gold, silvi platinum, etc.) obtained by passing electric spar between terminals of the metal through distill water; it is alleged to exert a profound influence i metabolism when given by subcutaneousinjectic noble m., one that cannot be oxidized by heat alor metalbu'min. Pseudomucin, paralbumin, a su stance found in ovarian cysts and sometimes the urine. metal'dehyde. A polynaer of acetaldehyde ; used a! sedative in dose of gr. 2-8 (o. 12-0.5). metall' Relating to, composed of, or resembling metal. metallocy'anide. A compound of cyanogen with metal forming a radical which combines wi hydrogen to form an acid or with a basic eleme to form a salt. met'alloid [G. metallon, metal, + eidos, resemblanc I. Resembling a metal, .t. A term formei applied to sodium and potassium, but now desi natlng a non-metal, one of the acidulous elemen metallopho'bia [G. metallon, metal, -t- phobos, fea Morbid fear of metal objects. metaUos'copy [G. metallon, metal, + shaped, examine.] Testing the action of various meti applied to the surface of the body, in certain cas of hysteria. mefallother'apy [G. metallon, metal, + therape: treatment.] Treatment of various neuroses the external application of metal discs to the sk: METAMER 609 METATHESIS znetamer (met'^-mur). One of two or more meta- meric substances. metamere (met'ah-mer) [G. meta, beyond, + meros, part.] One of a series of homologous segments in the body. metamer'ic [G. meia, after, + meros, a part.] 1. Noting isomeric substances having the same per- centage composition and the same molecular weight, but differing in chemical constitution. .1. Relating to a metamere or segment of the body, m. ner'vous sys'tem, propriospinal nervous sys- tem, paleencephalon, the phylogenetically older porticn of the cerebral nervous system, compris- ing the grey matter of the spinal cord. jnetam'erid. A metamer. metam'erism. i. The condition of metamers or metamerlc substances. 2. Segmentation of the embryo, resulting in the formation of a series of homologous parts. metamorphop'sia [G. meta, over, + morphe, shape, + opsis, vision.] A condition In which objects appear distorted In various ways. metamorphosis (met-ah-mor'fo-sis) [G. transfor- mation; meta, beyond, over, + morphe, form:] I. A change in form, structure, or function. 2. Degeneration. metamorphot'ic. Relating to or marked by met- amorphosis. metamyelocyte (met-ah-mi'el-o-sit) [G. meta, be- yond, after, -t- myelocyte.'\ A developmental form of the myelocyte, having an oxyphile cell- body with neutrophile granules scattered through its substance. metaneph'ron, metaneph'ros [G. m-eta, after, + nephros, kidney.] The posterior portion of the Wolffian body from which the kidney Is de- rived. metaneutropbil, metaneutrophile (met-ah-nu'tro-fil, or fil) [G. meta, beyond, + L. neuter, neither, + G. philos, fond.] Not staining true with neutral dyes. metanu'cleus [G. meta, after, -I- L. nucleus.] The nucleus of the Impregnated ovum after leaving the germinal vesicle. met'aphase [G. meta, after, -1- phasis, from phaino, I appear.] The stage In mitosis embracing the period of the splitting up of the chromosomes. metaphosphoric acid (met'ah-fos-for'ik as'id) [G. meta, between, after. ] See phosphoric* acid. metaplasia (met-ah-pla'zl-ah) [G. metaplasis, trans- formation.] I. The transformation of one tissue into another, as of cartilage into bone; the pro- duction of one tissue by cells which normally pro- duce another kind of tissue. 2. Excessive pro- liferation of cells which are not histologically or functionally important in an organ or tissue, autoparenchy'matous m., m. occurring in the par- enchymal cells proper to the tissue. metap'lasis [G. a transformation.] i. Haeckel's term for the stage of completed growth or development of the individual. 2. Metaplasia. met'aplasm [G. meta, in the midst of, + plasma,] Separated matter, secretions or excretions, such as fatty granules, glycogen, etc., temporarily present within the protoplasm of a cell. metaplas'tic. Relating to metaplasia or metaplasis. metaplex'us [G. meta, after, + L. plexus.] The choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle of the brain. metapneumonic (met"ah-nu-mon'lk). Occurring after or as a sequel of pneumonia. metapoph'ysis [G. meta, after, + apophysis, a proc- ess.] The processus* mamillaris. met'apore [G. meta, behind, -t- poros, pore.] Ma- gendle's* foramen. 39 metaprotein (met-ah-pro'te-ln) [G. meta, after.] A derived protein obtained by the action of acids or alkalies ; It is soluble in weak acids or alkalies, but insoluble in neutral solutions, acid m., acid albumin or albuminate, obtained by the action of acid on protein, al'kali m., alkii albvmiin or albuminate, abtained by the action of an alkali on protein. metapsyche (met-ah-sl'ke) [G. meta, after, -t- psyche, soul.] Metencephalon or hindbraln. metapyret'ic [G. meta, after, + pyretos, fever.] Post-febrile. metargon [G. m,eta, beyond, + argon.] An element existing in very minute proportion In the atmos- phere. metastable (met'ai-sta-bl) [G. meta, over, -f- L. stabilis, stable.] Of uncertain stability, in a condition to pass into another phase when slightly disturbed. Water, for example, when cooled below the freezing point may remain liquid but will at once congeal if a piece of ice is added to it. metastasis (mS-tas'ta-sis) [G. m^eta, in the midst of, + stasis, a placing.] i. The shifting of a disease, or Its local manifestations, from one part of the body to another, as Is seen In mumps when the symptoms referable to the parotid gland subside and the testis becomes affected. 2. In cancer, the appearance of neoplasms in parts of the body remote from the seat of the primary tumor. 3. Transportation of bacteria from one part of the body to another, through the blood streams {hematogenous m.) or through lymph channels (lymphogenous m). calca'reous m., a deposit of bone salts in the kidneys in cases of osteopsa- thyrosis and other forms of bone softening. crossed m., the passage of any substance from the venous to the arterial circulation without passing through the lungs, as through a persist- ent ductus arteriosus or foramen ovule, di- rect' m., transportation in the direction of the blood or lymph stream, implanta'tion m., transportation along a free surface, m. ad ner'vos, reflex nervous disturbance, paradox'- ical m., (i) crossed m.; (2) retrograde m. re'- trograde m., m. occurring in a direction opposed to that of the blood-current, transplanta'tion m., m. from one tissue to another. metas'tasize. To pass Into or Invade by metastasis. metastat'ic. Relating to metastasis. metaster'num [G. meta, after, -1- sternon, sternum]. The xiphoid or enslform process of the sternum. metasyph'ilis [G. meta, after.] The constitutional state due to hereditary or congenital syphilis without local lesions. metasyphilit'ic. i. Relating to metasyphllls. 2. Following or occurring as a sequel of syphilis. metatarsal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Neuralgia of the metatarsus, especially of the metatarsophalan- geal articulation, Morton's disease. metatarsophalan'geal. Relating to the metatarsal bones and the phalanges, noting the articulations between them. metatar'sus [G. meta, beyond, -t- tarsos, tarsus.] The anterior portion of the foot between the instep and the toes, having as Its skeleton the five long bones {metatarsal bones) articulating posteriorly with the cuboid and cuneiform bones and anteriorly with the phalanges. metate'la [G. meta, behind, + L. tela, cloth.] Tela chorioldea ventriculi quart!. metathal'amus [G. meta, after, + thalamos, thala- mus.] [BNA] The portion of the thalamenceph- alon which includes the two geniculate bodies. metath'esis [G. meta, over, + thesis, a, placing.] METATHESIS 6io METHYLAL The transfer of a pathological product from one place to another where it causes less inconvenience or injury, when it is not possible or expedient to remove it from the body. metathrombin (met-ah-throm'bin). An inactive derivative of fibrin ferment formed during the process of contraction of the coagulum. metatroph'ic [G. meta, after, + trophe, nourishment.] Deriving sustenance from dead organic matter; same as saprophitic when applied to bacteria; see paratrofhic, prototrophic. metatyp'ical. Noting a neoplasm formed of the elements of the tissue from which It springs; these occur Irregularly, however, and not ac- cording to the arrangement typical of the normal tissue. metax'eny. Metoxeny. Metazo'a [G. meta, after, + soon, animal.] A division of the animal kingdom. Including all the multicellular animal organisms in which the cells are differentiated and form tissues; distin- guished from the Protozoa, or unicellular animal organisms. metazo'nal [G. meta, after, + zone, girdle, zone.] Behind a sclerozone, usually the pelvic arch or girdle. Metch'nikoff's the'oiy [Elle Metchnikojf, Russian biologist at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, 1845— 1916.] The phagocytic theory, that the body is protected against infection by the leucocytes and other cells which englobe and destroy the invad- ing microorganisms. mete'cious, metoe'cious [G. meta, beyond, H- oikion, house.] Hetereclous. met'ecism, met'oecism. Metoxeny, hetereclsm.* meten'cephal. Metencephalon. metencephal'i'c. Relating to the metencephalon. metencephalon (met-en-sef'^-Ion) [G. meta, after, + enkephalos, brain.] i. [BNA] Hind-brain, the anterior of the two divisions of the rhom- bencephalon, or posterior primitive cerebral vesicle; from it are developed the pons and cerebellum and the pontine part of the fourth ventricle. 2. Cerebellum. me'teorism [G. meteorismos, a, swelling.] Tympan- ites, distention of the abdomen with gas. metepenceph'alon [G. meta, after, -|- epi, upon, + enkephalos, bi-aln.] The myelencephalon, the posterior division of the third cerebral vesicle or rhombencephalon. me'ter, me'tre [Fr. mHre; G. metron, measure.] A measure of length ; theequlvalent of 39.371 Inches. m. angle, the angle made by the visual axes meeting at an object one meter distant. metergasia (met-ur-gah'sl-ah) [G. meta, denoting change, -I- ergasia, work.] Change of function. me'ter-pump. An Instrument used In air analysis ; the air passes In measured volume through the pump and at each jfiftleth stroke one volume is diverted into a special receptacle whence it is drawn for analysis. methacetln (meth-as'et-ln). A white powder very slightly soluble in water, a homologue of acetphen- etidln; antipyretic and antlneuralglc in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). meth'aform. Dlmethylcarblnolchloroform, occurs as white aclcular crystals with a faint odor of camphor, slightly soluble in water ; hypnotic and analgesic in doses of gr., 3-8 (o . 2-0 . 5). Methana, Greece (m8-thah'nah). Sulphurous waters of remarkable strength. meth'anal. Formalin. meth'ane. Marsh-gas, CH,; an odorless gas pro- duced by the decomposition of organic matter; it Is explosive when mixed with seven or eight volumes of air, constituting then the fire-damp in coal-mines. methemoglobin, methaemoglobin (met-he-mo-glo'bln or meth-e-mo-glo'bln) [G. meta, across.] A transformation-product of oxyhemoglobin found In sanguineous effusions and In the circulating blood after poisoning with acetanllide, potassium chlorate, and other substances. methemoglobinemia, methsemoglobinsemia (met-he- mo-glo-bln-e'mJ-ah or meth-e-mo-glo-bln-e'ml- ah) [G. haima, blood.] The presence of methemo- globin In the blood. methemoglobinuria, metheemoglobinuria (met-he- mo-glo-bln-u'ri-ah or meth-e-mo-glo-bln-u'ri-ah) [G. ouron, urine.] The presence of methemo- globin in the urine. meth'ene. Methylene. meth'enyl. Formyl. metheth'yl. A liquid mixture of methyl and ethyl chlorides and chloroform, recommended as a local anesthetic. meth'od [G. methodos; meta, after, -I- hodos, way.] The mode or manner of performing an operation, making a test, etc. methoma'nia [G. methe, strong drink, + mania, frenzy.] Dipsomania; a craving for alcohol. meth'onal. Dlmethylsulphone-dlmethylmethane, a colorless crystalline powder resembling sulpho- nal and used as an hypnotic in doses of gr. 20-40 (1.3-2.6). methozycaffeine (meth"oks-l-kaf'e-en). A white powder, C.HjjNjO,, slightly soluble in water; antlneuralglc in doses of gr. 4 (o. 25), and locally anesthetic In doses of nji5 (i.o) of a 2 per cent, solution hypodermlcally. methox'yl. The characterizing group (CHjOH) of the primary alcohols. meth'ozine. Antlpyrlne. meth'yl [G. methy, wine, + hyle, wood.] The radical, CH„ of wood alcohol, m. acetan'ilide, exalgin, a derivative of acetanllide, employed as an analgesic in doses of gr. 3—10 (0.2-0.6). m, al'cohol, methyllc alcohol, pyroxyllc spirit, wood alcohol, obtained by the destructive distillation of wood; It is actively poisonous, causing blind- ness, m. al'dehyde, formalin, m. as'pirin, m. rhodin. m. ben'zoylsal'icylate, benzosaline, m. chlo'ride, chlormethyl monochlormethane, a liquid formed by compressing a gas obtained by the distillation of methyl alcohol, sulphuric acid, and sodium chloride; employed in spray as a local anesthetic, m. dii"odosal'icylate, sanoform. m, ditan'nin, tannof orm. m. ether, methyl oxide, aether methylicus, see under ether, m. ethyl ether, see under ether, m. i'odide, methylis iodidum, iodomethane, or colorless liqiud, boiling at 44° C, obtained by the interreaction of iodine, phosphorus, and methyl alcohol; em- ployed locally as a vesicant in place of cantharides. m. ox'ide, m. ether, m. rho'din, m. acetyl salicylate, colorless crystals; employed as an antirheumatic and analgesic, m. sal'icylate, methylis* salicylas (U. S.), artificial or synthetic oil of wintergreen; employed externally in rheu- matism and neuralgia, m. u'rethane, urethylane. m. vi'olet, a stain employed in histological and bacteriological technique in J to 2 per cent, aque- ous solution, coloring nuclei and certain bacteria pink. meth'ylal. Formal, methylenedlmethyl ester, ob- tained by distilling together methyl alcohol, sulphuric acid, water, and manganese dioxide; a colorless liquid of sharp taste and an odor of METHYLAL 6ii METRECTOPIA, METRECTOPY chloroform; employed as an antispasmodic and hypnotic In doses of gr. 8—30 (0.5-2.0), and as a local anesthetic In 10 per cent, ointment. methyl'amine. Amldomethane, a gas, CHjNHj, resembling ammonia ; It Is an alkaloid from putre- fying fish, and produced artificially from methyl . cyaniirate. mefliylar'suuite. A salt of methylarslnic acid. so'dium m., arrhenal, arsenyl, neoarsycodlle. meth^larsin'ic acid. A bivalent organic derivative of arsenic, the sodlmn salt of which Is obtained by treating arsenous add In an alkaline solution with methyl Iodide ; It occurs In the form of white crystalline plates. meth'ylate. i. To mix with methyl alcohol. 2. A compound of a base with methyl alcohol. meth'ylated. Mixed or compounded with methyl alcohol, m. spirit, denatured alcohol. methylat'Topine bro'mide. Atropine methylbro- mlde, a white crystalline powder; employed as a cyclopleglc, and Internally In doses of gr. ^ (0.006) for night sweats. methylben'zol. Toluene. meth7lben"zoylec'gonine. Cocaine. methylcre'sol. A cresol derived from creosote. meth'ylene. A hydrocarbon, . CH^, occurring In numerous combinations, but never alone, m. bichlo'iide, dlchlormethane, a colorless volatile liquid obtained by reducing an alcoholic solution of chloroform by zinc and hydrochloric acid; employed In spray as a local anesthetic and has been used to produce general anesthesia by in- halation, m. blue, methylthionins chloridum. m. cit'ryl salicyl'ic ac'id, novaspirin. m. hip- pu'ric acid, hippol. methylenophil, methylenophile (meth"il-e'no-fil, or fil) [G. philos, fond.] Staining readily with methylene blue, noting certain cells and histolog- ■ ical structures. methylenophiric, methylenoph'ilous. Methyleno- phil. methylguanidine (meth"il-gwan'i-den). A poisonous ptomaine from creatin. methyl'ic. Relating to methyl.* meth'ylil. Trade name of an anesthetic mixture of ethyl chloride, methyl chloride, and chloroform. methylis salicylas (meth'ilis sal-i-sil'as) . (U.S.) Methyl salicylate, methyl ester of salicylic acid, oil of wintergreen, produced synthetically or distilled from Gaaliheria procumbens or from Betula lenta; the distilled variety was called in the U.S. P., 1900, oleum gaultheris and oleum betulae; dose, 15112 (0.73). See oleum gaultherim. meth"ylniercap'tan. An Intestinal gas arising from the decomposition of proteins. ipeth'yl-OTthodiozyben'zene. Grualacol. methylphenacetin ■ (meth"ll-fen-as'S-tIn). A color- less crystalline powder obtained by the action of ■ methyl Iodide on phenacetin-sodium ; hypnotic. ipethylprotocatechuic acid (ineth"il-pro-to-kat-e- ku'lk as'ld). Vanillic acid. methylpyr'idfai sulphocy'anate. An antiseptic sub- , stance obtained by treating quinollne with sulphocyanic acid, meth'yl-pyrocatechin (pl-ro-kat'e-liSn).-' Giialacol. methylquin'oline. Lepldine. v „ methylresor'cinol. Orcin, . methylthioni'nse chla'jidum. (U.S.) Methylthi- onine chloride, methylene blue, a dark green ] powder soluble in water; employed in malaria, neuralgia, and inflammatory affectipns of, the ■ urogenital tract in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.25). , methylu'ramine. Meyiylguan\dine. . „ - methylu'rethane. Urethylane. methylxanthine (meth-il-zan'thin). Heteroxan- thine. methys'ticum [G. methystikos, intoxicating.] Kava or kava-kava, the root of Macropiper latifolium, a plant of the Pacific Islands, used by the natives as an intoxicant ; has been employed In diarrhea and in inflammatory affections of the urogenital tract, in doses of iiijio-60 (0.6-4.0) of the N.F. fluidextract of kava. metop'agus [G. metopon, forehead, -1- pagos, fixed.] A twin monster joined at the forehead. metopantral'gia [G. metopon, forehead, -)- antron, cavity, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in a frontal sinus. metopantritis (met"o-pan-trI'(tre')tis) [G. metopon, forehead, + antron, cavity, -t- -itis.1 Inflamma- tion in a frontal sinus. metop'ic [G. metopon, forehead.] Relating to the forehead or anterior portion of the cranium, frontal, m. point, metoplon. m. suture, frontal suture, the suture between the two halves of the frontal bone in the newborn. meto'pion [G. metopon, forehead.] A craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences. met'opism. The persistence of the frontal suture in the adult. : metopodyn'ia [G. metopon, forehead, + odyne, pain.] Frontal headache. meto'pon [G. forehead.] The anterior portion of the frontal lobe of the brain. met'opoplasty [G. metopon, forehead, -I- plasso, I form.] Reparative surgery of the skin or bone of the forehe3,d. ^,. metopos'copy [G. metopon, forehead, + skopeo, I view.] The study of physiognomy. Metorchis (met-or'kis) [G. meta, behind, + orchis, testicle.] A genus of flukes, one species of which, M. trunca'ius, occurring in cats ^nd dogs, has occasionally been found in man. metox'enous [G. meta, beyond, + xenos, host.] Noting a parasite with two cycles of existence passed op^ different hosts. metox'eny [G. meta, beyond, + xenos, host.] I. Heterecism. 2. Change of host by a, parasite. me'tra [G.] Uterus. metral'gia [G. metra, uterus, -I- algos, pain.] , Uter- ine neuralgia. metram'ine. Hexamethylenamine. . .^ metrane'mia, metrance'mia [G. metra, uterus, .-t; an- prlv. + haima, blood.] , Local anemia jpf,,the uterus. .».■ metranoicter (me-trS-noyk'tur) [G. metra, womb ,+ anoigo, I open.] An instrument by which dilata- tion of the OS uteri is effected by means of two or fovu- blades or branches passed into the os and then separated. metrapectic (me-trah-pek'tik) [G. meter, mother, -t- apecho, I avoid. ] Noting that form of inher- itance in which the disease is transmitted chiefly or wholly through the mother who herself remains free, as is seen in hemophilia., me'tratom.e [G. metra, uterus, -I- tome, Incision.] An instrument used in, hysterotomy. metrat'omy. Hysterotomy. metrato'nia [G. metra, uterus, -t- o- prlv. + ionos, tension.] -Atony of the uterine walls after child- birth, metrauxe (me-trawk'se) [G. metra, uterus, + auxe. Increase.] Hypertrophy of the uterus. metre (melter). Meter. metrec'tomy [G. metra, uterus, -I- ektome, exqlsion.] Hysterectomy. ... ,., metrecto'pia, . metrec'topy [G. metfa, uterus, + ektopos, out of place.] Displacement of the uterus. METREURYNTER 612 METT'S TES metreurynter (me-tru-rin'tur) [G. metra, womb, + euryno, I dilate.] A collapsible bag which is introduced within the os uteri and distended with air or water in order to dilate the cervix. metreurysis (me-tru'ri-sis). Dilatation of the cer- vix uteri. me'tria [G. metra, womb.] Pelvic cellulitis or other Inflammatory affection in the puerperal period. met'ric [G. metron, measure.] Relating to measure- ment, quantitative, m. sys'tem, a system of weights and measures, based upon the me er as a unit. It is the \iniversal system for scientific use and is employed commercially in most countries except those of English-speaking people it is legalized In the United States and allow- able in England. The unit, the meter, is one ten-millionth of a quadrant of the earth's merid- ian, the equivalent of 39.371 Inches. Fractions of a meter are expressed in Latin numerals: ' decimeter, ^^\ centimeter, jj^; millimeter, xi^T^^ multiples in Greek ntunerals: decameter, 10; hectometer, 100 ; kilometer 1000. The unit of weight is the gram which is the weight of one cubic centimeter of distilled water, equivalent to 15.4324- grains. The unit of volume is the liter or one cubic decimeter, equal to 1.056 quarts; a cubic centimeter is about 1 5 minims. metriocephalic (met"ri-o-se-fal'ik) [G. metrios, moderate, + kephale, head.] Having a well proportioned head as regards height. Noting a skull with an index between 72 and 77. Similar to orthocephalic. metritis (me-trl'{tre')tis) [G. metra, womb, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the uterus. me'trocarcino'ma [G. metra, uterus.] Carcinoma of the uterus. metrocele (me'tro-sel) [G. metra, uterus, -I- kele, hernia.] Hernia of the uterus. me'troclyst [metra, uterus, + klysier, injection.] A uterine irrigator. metrocolpocele (me-tro-kol'po-s51) [G. metra, uterus, + kolpos, sinus (vagina), -t- kele, hernia.] Pro- lapse of the uterus. metrocysto'sis [G. metra, uterus, + kystis, cyst.] The formation of uterine cysts. metrocyte (me'tro-sit) [G. meter, mother, H- kytos, cell.] A mother cell. metrodyn'ia [G. metra, uterus, -f- odyne, pain.] Metralgia. metrofibro'ma [G. metra, uterus.] A fibroma of the uterus. metrolymphangitis (me"tro-lim-fan-ji'(je')tls) [G. metra, uterus, + L. lympha, lymph, + G. angeion, vessel, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the uterine lymphatics. metromala'cia [G. metra, uterus, + malakia, soft- ness.] Pathological softening of the uterine tissues. metromalaco'sis. Metromalacia. • metromania (mef'ro-ma'nl-ah) [G. metron, measure, -I- mania, frenzy.] Insanity marked by an incessant writing of verses. metromania (me"tro-ma'nJ-ah) [metra, uterus, + mania, frenzy.] Insanity associated with uterine disease. metroneurla (me-tro-nu'ri-ah) [G. metra, uterus, + neuron, nerve.] A neurosis of the uterus. metroparalysis (me-tro-par-al'J-sis) [G. metra, uterus, + paralysis.] Placcidity or paralysis of the uterine muscle during or immediately after childbirth. metropathic (me-tro-path'ik) (G. mltra, uterus, + pathos, suffering.) Relating to or caused by uterine disease. metropathy (me-trop'&-thi) [G. metra, uterus, pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the uterus, metroperitonitis (me-tro-p6r-i-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. m tra, uterus, + peritonaion, peritoneum, -itis.] 1. Inflammation of the uterus with i peritoneal covering. 2. Perimetritis, inflamm tlon of the peritoneum covering the fundus ute: metrophlebitis (me-tro-flS-bl'(be')tls) [G. metr uterus, + phleps(,phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Inflai matlon of the uterine veins following dhii birth. metroptosis, metroptosis (me-trop-to'si-a me-trop-to'sis) [G. metra, uterus, + ■ ptosis, falling.] Falling or prolapse of the uterus. metrorrha'gia [G. metra, uterus, + rhegnymi, burst forth.] Hemorrhage from the uterus. 1 myopath'ica, post-partum hemorrhage due flaccldlty of the uterine muscle. metrorrhe'a, metroirhoe'a [G. metra, uterus, rhoia, a flow.] A discharge of mucus or pus fro the uterus. metrorrhex'is [G. metra, uterus, + rhexis, ruptun Rupture of the uterus. me"trortho'sis [G. metra, uterus, + orthosis, making straight.] The correction of a dlsplac ment of the uterus. metrosalpingitis (me-tro-sal-pln-jl'(je')tls) [G. m tra, uterus, + salpinx, tnunpet (oviduct), -itis.] Inflammation of the uterus and of one 1 both Fallopian tubes. metroscirrhus (me-tro-skir'(slr')us) [G. metra, uteru + skirrhos, a hard tumor.] A scirrhous cane of the uterus. me'troscope [G. metra, uterus, -f skopeo, I vleiii An endoscope for examination of the uterli cavity, mef'rostax'is [G. metra, uterus, -I- staxis, a trickling A dripping of blood from the uterine mucoi membrane, a small but continuous uterli hemorrhage, me'^trosteno'sis [G. metra, uterus, -H stenosis, coi traction.] A narrowing of the uterine cavity, metrosteresis (ine"tro-stS-re'sis) [G. metra, uterus, ■ steresis, loss.] Hysterectomy, metrectomy, me'trotome. A knife employed In metrotomy. metrotomy (me-trot'o-ml) [G. metra, uterus, tome, incision.] i. Hysterectomy. 2. Incisic into the cervix uteri. metrotoz'in. An assumed Inhibitory hormon formed in the pregnant uterus, which arres ovulation. metrourethrotome (met'ro-u-re'thro-t6m) [G. m tron, measure, -I- ourethra, urethra, -I- tomo cutting.] A form of urethrotome in which, t means of a screw attachment, the exact extent 1 division of the urethra can be regulated. metrypercinesia (me-tri"pur-sin-e'sl-ah) [G. metn uterus, + hyper, overmuch, + kinesis, mov ment.] Excessive labor pains. metryperemia, metryperemia (me-tri'pur-e'mi-al [G. metra, uterus, + hyper, overmuch, + haimi blood.] Hyperemia of the uterus. metryperesthesia, metryperesthesia (me-tri'per-e the'sl-ah) [G. metra, uterus, -t- hyper, overmuc! -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Extreme sensltlvenei or hyperesthesia of the uterus. metryperkine'sis. Metrypercinesia. metrypertro'phia [G. metra, uterus, -I- hyper, ove much, + trophe, nourishment.] Hypertropl of the uterus. Mett's tost [Emil Ludwig Paul Melt, Germa physician, 19th century.] A quantitative tei for pepsin made by introducing tubes of ci agulated albumin into the stomach and obser' METT'S TEST 613 MICROCARDIA ing the amount of digestion occurring in a definite time. Meunier's sign (me-ne-a'). A loss of weight in the Incubation period of measles. Mey'er's disease' [Georg Hermann Meyer, German anatomist, 1815— 1892.] Adenoid vegetations. M.'s line, a line extending from the middle of the body of- the third sacral vertebra to a point mid- way between the two anterior superior iliac spines. M.'s or'gan, a collection of glands and mucous folds at the upper portion of the border of the tongue, found especially in certain of the lower animals. M.'s si'nus, a small concavity in the floor of the external auditory canal near the membrana tympani. Meyer's rea'gent (mi'erz re-a'jent). A solution of phenolphthalin 0.032, in decinormal sodium hydroxide, 2 1 , with water (distil ed from glass) sufficient to make 100 ; in the presence of minute traces of blood the solution assumes a purplish red color. Meyer's the'ory (mi'er) [Adolf Meyer, American psychiatrist, *i866.] The theory that dementia prsecox is of psychogenic origin, functional rather than organic. Meynert's bun'dle (ml'nert) [Theodor Meynert, Viennese anatomist, 1833-1892.] Fasciculus retroflexus. M.'s cells, solitary pyramidal cells found In the cortex in the region of the calcarine fissure. M.'s com'missure, commlssura superior. M.'s fascic'ulus, M.'s bundle. M.'s lay'er, the third layer, of pyramidal cells, of the cerebral cortex. Meynet's nodos'ities (ma-na') [Paul Claude Hya- cinthe Meynet, French physician, 1831-1892.] Small movable, subcutaneous, connective-tissue nodules, formed at times in the neighborhood of the affected joints in acute articular rheumatism. meze'reon. Mezereum. meze'reum [Ar. mazariyiin, camellia.] (U.S.) The bark of Daphne mezereum, wild pepper, spurge- flax, dwarf bay; employed in the treatment of rheumatism and syphilis in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). Mg. Chemical symbol of magnesium. MgO. Magnesia, calcined magnesia. MgSO,. Magnesium sulphate, Epsom salt. mho (mo) [ohm reversed.] The unit of electrical conductivity, the conductivity of a body having the resistance of one ohm. mi'asm, mias'ma [G. miasma, stain.] x. Noxious effluvia or emanations, formerly regarded as the cause of malaria and of various epidemic diseases' 2. Hahnemann's term for the infectious principle, or virus, which, when taken into the organism, may set up a specific disease. miasmat'ic. Relating to or caused by miasma. miasmat'ic-conta'gious. A term formerly applied to yellow fever and other diseases which appeared to be both contagious and transportable in miasms. Mibelli's disease' (me-belle) [Vlttorlo Mibelli, Ital- ian dermatologist, 1860-1910.] Porokeratosis. mi'ca pa'nis [L.] Bread crumb, the soft part of a loaf of bread. micel'la [L. dim. of mica, a crumb.] Nagell 's term for one of the ultramicroscopic units of living matterformedof aggregations of molecules ; tagma. Mich'igan Congress Well, Michigan. See Ameri- canus Mineral Well, Michigan. micracoustic (ml-krS-kus'tIk) [G. mikros, small, -I- akoustikos, relating to hearing.] i. Relating to faint soiinds. 2. Magnifying very faint sounds so as to make them audible. micranatomy (mi-kran-at'o-ml) [G. mikros, small, -I- anatomia.) Microscopical anatomy, histology. micrencepha'lia [G. mikros, small, + enkephalos, brain.] A condition In which the brain is abnor- mally small In size. micrencephalon (mi-krtsn-sef'a-lon) [G. mikros small, + enkephalos, brain.] The cerebellum. micrenceph'alous. Having a small brain. micro- [G. mikros, small.] A prefix noting small- ness. (i) When prefixed to a term denoting a imlt of any kind it denotes the one-millionth of such unit (the term micromillimeter is an excep- tion, or rather is incorrect) ; (2) applied to words noting chemical examination, methods, etc., it means that minimal quantities of the substance to be examined are used — a drop or two, for ex- ample, in place of one or more cubic centimeters; see Bang's* method. microbacte'rium [G mikros, small.] A bacterium of very minute size. microbe (mi'krob) [G. mikros, small, + bios, life.] A minute one-celled individual, either animal or vegetable ; microorganism. microbe'mia, microbae'mia [microbion + haima, blood.] The presence of microorganisms in the peripheral blood, mlcrobiohemla. micro'bial, micro'bian. Relating to a microbe or microbes. micro'bic. Mlcrobian (i). microbicidal (mi-kro-bl-si'dal) [microbion + L. ccedere, to kill.] Destructive to microbes, micro- bicide, germicidal, antiseptic. microbicide (mi-kro'bl-sid). i. Microbicidal. 2. An agent which is destructive to microbes, a germicide, an antiseptic. microbicidin (ml-kro-bis'1-dln). Mlcrosldln. microbiohe'mia, microbiohEe'mia. Microbemla. microbiological (ml-kro-bl-o-loj'i-kal.) Relating to microbiology. microbiol'ogist. An adept in microbiology; a bac- teriologist or a protozoologist, or both. microbiol'ogy [G. mikros, small, -I- bios, life, 4- -logia.] "The science of microorganisms; biology In relation to tinlcellular organisms. micro'bion. Microbe. micro"blopho'bia [microbion + G. phobos, fear.] A morbid and exaggerated fear of microorganisms, or germs. microbiosis (mi"kro-bi-o'sis). i. Infection with microbes. 2. Shortness of life. microbiot'ic. i. Short-lived. 2. Mlcroblc. mi'crobism. Infection with microbes, latent m., the presence of pathogenic microorganisms; in the body, which give rise to no symptoms; the condition of a bacilli-carrier. mi'croblast [G. mikros, small, -I- blastos, sprout, germ.] A small nucleated red blood-corpuscle. microbleph'arism, microbleph'aron [G. mikros, small, + blepharon, eyelid.] Abnormal smallnesa of the eyelids microbrachia (ml-kro-bra'kl-ah) [G. mikros, small, + brachion, arm.] Abnormal smallness of the arms. microbrachius (ml-kro-bra'kl-us). A monster with rudimentary arms. microbrenner [G. mikros, small, -t- Ger. brenner, burner.] An electric cautery with needle point. microcalorie, microcalory (mi-kro-kal'o-ri) [G. mikros, small, -I- L. color, heat.] A heat unit, noting the heat necessary to raise i gram of distilled water from 0° to 1° C. microcar'dia [G. mikros, small, -I- kardia, heart. Abnormally small size of the heart. MICROCARDIUS 614 MICROGAMETE microcai'dius [G. mikros, small, + kardia, heart.] A monster with abnormally sm.all heart. microcen'trum [G. mikros, small, + hentron, center.] Micronucleus, cinetonucleus. microcepha'lia [G. mikros, small, + kephale, head,] Abnormal smallness of the head, microcephaly, microcephalism. microcephalic (mi-kro-sS-fal'ik) [G. mikros, small, + kephale, head.] Having a small head, micro- cephalous. Noting a skull with a capacity below 1350 c.c, or an individual having such a skull. Among the microcephalic races are the Australians, Bushmen, and Tasmanians. mlcroceph'alism. Microcebhaly. microceph'alous. Having a small head, micro- cephalic. microceph'aly. Microcephalia, smallness of the head. microceph'alus. i. One with an abnormally small head. 2. A monster with rudimentary or imperfectly developed head. microchemical (mi-kro-keml-kal). Relating to microchemistry. microchemistry (mi-kro-kem'is-trl) [G. mikros, small.] The chemistry of microscopic objects; the observation of chemical reactions occurring under the microscope. microcidin (mi-krosl-din). Trade name of a preparation of sodium naphthol, or betanaph- thol sodium, a grayish powder soluble in water; employed as an antiseptic wash in i to 5 per cent, solution. Micrococ'cus [G. mikros, small, + kokkos, berry.] A genus of CoccacecB, including the spherical cells without flagella m which division occurs in two planes; the term, as commonly employed, denotes any coccus or spherical schizomycete. M. ac'idi lac'tici, a species sometimes found in milk, causing lactic-acid fermentation. M. aerog'enes, a gas-forming coccus in the intestinal canal. M. capri'nus, a microorganism supposed to be the cause of tecosis in goats. M. catarrha'- lis, a large spherical or ovoid, paired (diplococcus), non-motile, gram-negative organism, occurring in superficial inflammations of the mucous mem- brane, and believed to be one of the causes of acute coryza. M. endocardit'idis ruga'tus, a species, presumably pathogenic, found in cases of tdceratlve endocarditis. M. foet'idus, a species found in carious teeth and in certain cases of fetid pharyngitis. M. gingi'vse pyog'enes, a species of non-motile diplococci (sometimes Single) found in cases of alveolar abscess. M, gonorrhce'se, gonoccocus, a coffee-bean shaped, non-motile, gram-negative coccus, occurring in pairs with the ilat surfaces apposed; the specific cause of gonorrhea. M. intracellula'Tis menln- glt'ldis, meningococcus, Diplococcus intracellu- laris meningitidis. M. leucochromag'enes, a bacterium found among the intestinal flora of residents in the tropics. M. loewenberg'ii, a probably pathogenic species found in certain cases of ozena. M. meliten'sis, a non-motile, gram-negative organism discovered by Bruce in 1887, the specific cause of Malta* fever. M. neofor'mans, a diplococcus claimed by Doyen to be pathogenic for cancer. M. oxycyanog'- enes, an intestinal bacterium producing a blue pigment through absorption of oxygen, found in residents of the tropics. M. parameliten'sis, an organism resembling M. melitensis, and possi- bly only a strain of this, said to cause para-undu- lant fever. M. paratetrag'enus, a coccus of variable size, often present in the nasal cavities. and thought to be an occasional cause of acute coryza. M. pasteur'i, Diplococcus pneumonia. M. tetrag'enus, an encapsulated coccus usually arranged in tetrads, or groups of four; it is often found associated with the tubercle bacillus, and is believed to be sometimes the cause of a pseu- domembranous angina. M. ure'se, a species, usually in streptococcal form, causing ammonia- cal fermentation in urine. M. zymog'enes, a small coccus, of uncertain -pathogenicity, foimd in acute valvular endocarditis. microconidium (mi-kro-ko-nid'i-um) . A conid- ium, or exospore, of less than average, size, in certain fungi. microcor'nea [G. mikros, small.] A condition in which the cornea is thinner and flatter thannormal. nu'crocosm [G. mikros, small, + kosmos, world.] Anything regarded as an epitome of the world or universe, a term sometimes applied to man. microcos'mic. Relating to anjrthing termed a microcosm, m. salt, sodium and ammonium phosphate, originally obtained from human urine, employed as a flux. microcoulomb (mi-kro-koo-lom'). An electrical mlcroimlt of quantity, the one-millionth of a coulomb. microcoustic (mi-kro-koo'stik). Micracoustic. mi'crocrith [G. mikros, small, + hrithe, barleycorn.] A chemical unit of weight, that of an atom of hydrogen. microcrys'talline [G. mikros, small.] Occurring in minute crystals. microcurie (mi"kro-ku're). A measure of radium emanation, one millionth of a curie;* the equivalent of 2,670 Mache* units. mi'crocyst [G. mikros, small.] A small cyst. microcy'tase. According to Metchnikoff, a cytase or complement, formed by the multinuclear leucocytes, which acts on bacteria. mi'crocyte [G. mikros, small, -I- kytos, cell.] i. A small (5 n or less) non-nucleated red blood-cor- puscle, showing evidences of degeneration. 2. A multinuclear leucocyte. microcythe'mia, microcythas'mia [G. mikros, small, + kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] The presence in the blood of many microcytes, or small red blood- corpuscles. microcyto'sis. Microcythemia. mlcrodactyl'ia [G. mikros, small, -f daktylos, finger, toe.] Smallness or shortness of the fingers or toes. microdac'tylous. Relating to microdactylia, having short or small fingers or toes. microden'tism [G. mikros, small, -f- L. dens(dent-), tooth.] Smallness of the teeth. microdetermination (nii'kro-de-tur-ml-na'shun). See micro- (2). ml"crodissec'tion. Dissection of tissues tmder a microscope or magnifying glass, usually done by teasing the tissues apart by means of needles. mi'crodont [G. mikros, small, + odous(odoni-), tooth.] Having small teeth. Noting a skull with a dental index below 42. microestimation (mi'kro-es-ti-ma''shun). See micro- (2). microfar'ad [G. mikros, small, -i- farad.] A micro- unit of electrical capacity, the millionth part of a farad. microflla'ria. A term suggested by Le Dantesto designate the larval form of a filaria circulatiflg in the blood. microgamete (mi-kro-gam'St) [G. mikros, small, + gametes, husband.] The male element In anlsog- amy, or conjugation of cells of unequal size; it is the smaller of the two cells and actively motile. MICROGAMETOCYTE 615 MICROPHTHALMUS microgametocyte (tni-kro-gam'e-to-sit) [microgamete + G. kytos, cell.] The mother-cell producing the microgametes, or male elements of sexual repro- duction in Protozoa. mlcrog'amy [G. mikros, small, + gamos, marriage.] Conjugation between two yoimg cells the recent product of sporulation or some other form of reproduction. microgas'tria [G. mikros, small, -t- gaster, stomach.] Smallness of the stomach. microgloss'ia [G. mikros, small, -I- glossa, tongue.] Smallness of the tongue. micrognathia (mi-krog-nath'I-ah) [G. mikros, small, + gnathos, jaw.] Smallness of the jaws, espe- cially of the underjaw. microgonid'ium [G. mikros, small.] A gonldlum, or chlorophyll element of a lichen, below the average size. mi'crogram [G. mikros, small.] The millionth part of a gram, equivalent to about ^^\t,(, grain. mi'crograph [G. mikros, small, 4- grapho, I write.] An instrument which magnifies the microscopic movements of a diaphragm by means of light interference and records them on a moving photographic film; it may be used for recording various pulse curves, sound waves, and any forms of motion which may be communicated through the air to a diaphragm. microg'raphy [G. mikros, small, -I- grapho, I write.] I. Writing with very minute letters, sometimes observed in the insane. 2. A description of microscopic objects ; a treatise on histology. micTogyiia (mi-la-o-ji'ri-ah) [G. mikros, small, -f- gyros, convolution.] Abnormal narrowness of the cerebral convolutions. microhepatia (mi-kro-hS-pah'ti-ah) [G. mikros, small, + heparihepat-) , liver.] Abnormal small- ness of the liver. microhm (ml'krom). A mlcrounlt of electrical resistance, the millionth of an ohm. microleucoblast (mi-krb-lu'ko-blast). Micromyelo- blast, myeloblast.* microliter (mi'kro-le-ter). The millionth part of a liter, about ^ drop. micrology (mi-krol'o-ji) [G. mikros, small + -ology.] The science of microscopic objects, of which histology is a branch. micromania (mi-kro-ma'ni-ah) [G. mikros, small, -f mania, frenzy.] A delusion of self-deprecia- tion, or that one's own body is of minute size. microma'zia [G. mikros, small, + mazos, breast.] Condition In which the breasts are rudimentary and functlonless. micromeg'aly [G. mikros, small, H- megas(megal-), large.] Progeria. mlcrome'lia [G. mikros, small, + melos, limb.] Achondroplasia. microm'elus [G. mikros, small, -I- melos, limb.] A monster with rudimentary Umbs. microme'ria. Yerba buena, the leaves of a Cali- fornia plant Micromeria douglasii; carminative and anthelmintic in doses of 3i-2 (2.0-8.0) of a 'fluldextract. micromerozo'ite [G. mikros, small, -I- merozoite.'\ A small merozoite. microm'eter [G. mikros, small, -1- matron, measure.] A device for measuring objects under the micro- scope. mi'crometer. The millionth part of a meter, micron; usually called, incorrectly, micromilli- meter; its sign is the Greek m, jx, micromethod (mi"kro-meth'od) . See micro- (2). microm'etry. Measurement of objects seen under the microscope. micromicron (mi-kro-mi'kron). The millionth of » micron, or a meter X io~''; commonly but in- correctly, used to denote the millionth of a millimeter, or thousandth of a micron, micro- millimeter (i) ; expressed by the Greek letters /i/i. micromill'imeter [G. mikros, small.] i. The mil- lionth part of a millimeter, js. Incorrectly, but commonly, the thousandth part of a mllUmeter, or micron ; sign, p.. micromo'toscope [G. mikros, small, -I- L. motus, motion, + G. skopeo, I view.] A cinematoscope for representing the movements of amebas and other motile microscopic objects. micromy'ces [G mikros, small, -I- mykes, fungus.] A microscopic fungus, bacterium. micromyelia (mi"kro-mi-e'lI-ah) [G. mikros, small, + myelos, marrow.] Abnormal smallness or short- ness of the spinal cord. micromyeloblast (mi-kro-mi'el-o-blast). Leuco- blast, myeloblast.* micromyelolymphocyte (mi"kro-mi"el-o-lim'fo-sit) [G. mikros, small, + myelos, marrow, + L. lympha, lymph, + G. kytos, cell.] Myeloblast. mi'cron [G. mikros, small,] i. The millionth of a meter or thousandth of a millimeter micromil- llmeter (2); expressed by the Greek letter /i, properly placed above the line ''. micron, microne (mi'kron, mi'kron). A colloid particle visible under the microscope; distin- guished from hypomicrone or submicrone and amicrone. micronucleus (mi-kro-nu'kle-us) [G. mikros, small.] I. A small nucleus in a large cell. 2. Specifically, the smaller of the two nuclei in infusoria, dividing mitotically, containing the specific inheritable germ substance; germ nucleus, gonad nucleus, caryogonad. See macronucUus. microorganic (mi"-kro-or-gan'ik). Relating to a microorganism. microorganism (mI"kro-of'gan-Ism) [G. mikros, small.] A microscopic plant or animal, a bac- terium or protozoon. micropar'asite. A parasitic microorganism. micropatbdl'ogy [G. mikros, small, + pathos, suffer- ing, -I- -logia.'\ £. Morbid histology, the study of the microscopic changes In tissues and cells asso- ciated with disease. 2. Bacteriology and proto- zoolo'gy in their relation to disease. micrope'nis [G. mikros, small.] Smallness of the penis. > microphag, microphage (mi'kro-fag, mi'kro-faj) [G. mikros, small, + phag{ocyte).'\ A polymor- phonuclear leucocyte, ameboid, and actively phagocytic especially for bacteria. j microphag'ocyte. Microphag. ' micropho'bia [G. mikros, small, -I- phobos, fear.] Mlcroblophobia. mi'crophone [G. mikros, small, + phone, sound.] An Instrument for magnifying sounds. micropho'nia, microph'ony [G. mikros, small, + phone, voice.] Weakness of voice. micropho'noscope. A stethoscope with a diaphragm attachment for magnifying the soimd. micropho'tograph. A minute photograph of a mac- roscopic object ; to be distinguished from photo- micrograph which is an enlarged photograph of a microscopic object. microphthal'mia, microphthal'mos [G. mikros, small, ■hophthalmos, eye.] The presence of one or both eyeballs of abnormally small size. microphthal'mus. i. Microphthalmia. 2. A per- son with small eyes. MICROPHYTE 6i6 microxyph: inicToph3rte (mi'kro-flt) [G. mikros, small, + phyion, plant.] A microscopic plant, bacterium. micropla'sia [G. mikros, small, + plasis, shaping forming.] Dwarfism, stunted growth. micropromyelocyte (mi-kro-pro-mi'el-o-slt). A cell derived from a promyelocyte. micropioso'pus [G. mikros, small, + prosdpon, face.] A monster with abnormally small or Imperfectly developed face. mlciop'sia [G. mikros, small, + opsis, sight.] The subjective perception of objects as smaller than they actually are. micropsycliia (mi-krop-si'ld-ah, mi-kro-si'M-ah) [G. mikros, small, + psyche, mind.] Congenital mental weakness, im.beci]ity. mi'cropus [G. mikros, small, + poiis, foot.] A per- son with very small feet. micropyle (mi'kro-pil) [G. mikros, small, + pyle, gate.] I. The mark on an ovum at its previous point of attachment to the ovary. 2. One of the pores in the ova of certain vertebrates through which the male element may gain entrance. microrepactometer (mi"kro-re-pak-tom'e-tur) [G. mikros, small, + repaciomeier.] A repactometer employed in the study of blood-corpuscles. mi'cioscope [G. mikros, small, -1- skoped, I view.] An Instrument containing one or more lenses for magnifying near objects, binoc'ular m., a com- pound m. with a single objective but with an eye- piece for each eye. com'pound m., one consisting of two or more lenses (see illustration), simple m., single m., one which consists of a single magni- fying lens, a magnifying glass. microscop'ic. Of minute size, visible only with the aid of the microscope. microscop'ical. Relating to the microscope. micros'copy. Investigation of minute objects by means of the microscope. microseme (mi'kro-sem) [G. mikros, small, + sema, sign.] Noting a skull with an orbital Index below 84. microsmat'ic [G. mikros, small, -I- osmS, sense of smelj.] Having the sense of smell poorly devel- oped. mi'crosol. Trade name of a mixture of copper sulphate and sulphocarbolate and of diluted sul- phuric acid ; antiseptic In 2 to 4 per cent, aqueous solution. microso'ma, mi'ciosome [G. mikros, small, + soma, body.] I. A corpuscle. .1. One of the granules in protoplasm; micella. microso'mia. Dwarfishness; smallness of body. microspec'troBcope. An instrument for obtaining the spectrum of microscopic objects. microsphyg'my [G. mikros, small, + sphygmos, pulse.] Microsphyxia, smallness of the pulse. microsphyx'ja [G. mikros, small, + sphyxis, pulse.] Microsphygmy. micros'pira. Vibrio. MicTOspirone'ma. A genus of protozoans; see Spironema. microsplenia (mi-kro-sple'nJ-ah) [G. mikros, small, -I- splSn, spleen.] Abnormal smallness of the spleen. microBpo'ria. Gruby's* disease. Microsporid'ia [G. mikros, small, + sporos, seed.] An order of Neosporidia, parasites of Inverte- brates, the spores of which are very minute and piriform with a single polar capsule. Micros'poron [G. mikros, small, -j- sporos, seed,] A genus of fungi, causing ringworm and other diseases of the skin. M. audoui'ni, Trichophyton microsporon, the usual fungus of ringworm in England and the United States. M. fur'fur, the fungus of tinea versicolor. M. minutis'simt [L. very minute], a small hyphomycetic fung pathogenic of erythrasma. microsteth'ophone [G. mikros, small, -I- sleih chest, -I- phone, sound.] A form of magnify! stethoscope. microsteth'oscope. A form of magnifying stett scope. microsto'mia [G. mikros, small, + stoma mout! Smallness of the mouth Compound Microscope: E, Eyepiece; D, draw-tube; body-tube; RN, revolving nose-piece; O, objeotn PH, pinion head; MH, micrometer head; HA, ham arm; S, stage; SS, substage; M, mirror; B, base; rack; P, pillar; I, inclination joint. microtia (mi-kro'shl-ah) [G. mikros, small, H- 0* {6t-), ear.] Smallness of the aiuicle or pinna the ear. mi'crotome [G. mikros, small, + tomos, cuttta] An instrument for making sections for examii tion under the microscope. microt'omy. Section-cutting; the making of th sections of tissues for examination under t microscope. microunit (mi"kro-u'nIt). The millionth of ordinary unit, such as a meter, gram, ohm, etc. mi'crovolt. A microunit of electromotive for( one-millionth of a volt. microx'ycyte. Mioroxyphll. mlcrox'yphil [G. mikros, small, -I- oxys, acid, phileo, I like.] A multinuclear oxjfphil leucocy [CROZOARIA 617 MIKULICZ- VLADIMIROFF ;rozoaria (mi-kro-zo-ah'ri-ah) [G. mikros, mall, + zoon, animal.] A term originally ap- )lied to all microorganisms, whether of animal ir vegetable nature. irozo'on. A microscopic animal, a protozoon. Tozyme (mi'kro-zim) [G. mikros, small, + zyme, eaven.] A pathogenic microorganism. I'turate [L. miciurire.'] To urinate, stuiition (mik-tu-rlsh'un). Urination. I'body. The equatorial part of the spindle In nltosls. Itrain. Mesencephalon. Icar'pal. Between the two rows of carpal bones, ef erring to the articulation there situated ; car- )ocarpal, mediocarpal, mesocarpal. l-diastol'ic sound, A clear sharp sovmd heard ust before the normal first sound of the heart, lue to the auricular systole when the auricular md ventricular systoles are not continuous. Idletown Mineral Springs, Vermont. Alkallne- ihalybeate waters. Used by drinking in anemia, lyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, and general leblUty. The summer months. Ifron'tal. Relating to the middle of the frontal )one or frontal lobe of the brain, medlfrontal. Igracile (mld-gras'U). Intragraclle, noting an )CcasIonal fissure dividing the gracile lobe of the :erebellum into two parts. i'gut. The central portion of the digestive ube — the small intestine. loccip'ital. Relating to the central portion of ;he occiput, medioccipital. I'pain. Intermenstrual pain.* I'rib. The main or central (Veln of a leaf, from jrhlch the others branch oS. i'rifE [AS. mid, middle, + hrif, belly.] The ilaphragm. dster'num. Mesostemvmi, the body of the sternum, or gladiolus. dtar'sal. Between the two rows of tarsal bones, referring to the articulation there situated; tarsotarsal, medlotarsal, mesotarsal. dway Warm Springs, Utah. Alkallne-sallne- :alcic-carbonated waters, 85° P. to 112° F. There' appear to be no available data concerning ihe definite therapeutic effects of these waters. They are said to act as a mild saline cathartic and lluretlc, however, as well as possessing a certain x)nic property from the iron they contain. 4'wife [A.S. mid, with, + wif, wife.] A woman, )ften one without special medical training, who ittends women in confinement; accoucheuse, nan-m., obstetrician, accoucheur. I'wifery, Practical obstetrics. ers, France (me-air'). Saline waters. Used by Irlnklng In dyspepsia, migraine, obesity, calculi. Hid albuminuria. escher's tubes (me'sher) [Johann Friedrich Miescher, Swiss pathologist, 1811-1887.] The jpore cases of Sarcocystis muris, a. sporozoan 3araslte in the muscular tissue of the mouse and iome other animals; called also Ralney's cor- Juscles, or tubes. esche'ria (me-she'ri-ah) [see Miescher's* tubes.} Sarcocystis. jraina'tor. An Instrument for making com- pression of the head for the relief of migraine. Sraine (me-gran') [G. hemi-, half, H- kranion, ikuU.] Sick headache, hemicrania, megrim, 1 neurosis characterized by periodical attacks 3f pain in the head, chiefly in the course of the fifth nerve, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, tinnitus aurium, scintillating flashes of light in the eyes, and pallor, or sometimes flushing. of the face, ful'gurating m., m. coming on abruptly and with violence, ophthal'mic m., a form accompanied by marked disturbances of vision, red m., m. associated with congestion of the face and conjunctivse. white m., m. associated with pallor of the face. mlgrainin (me'gra-nln) Trade name of antipy- rine-caileine citrate. mi'grate [L. migrare, to move from place to place.] To wander, to pass from one part to another in an organ or in the body, said of certain diseases or symptoms. migra'tion. i. Passing from place to place, said of certain morbid processes or symptoms. 2. Dlapedesls, the passage of leucocytes through the walls of the blood-vessels or through the tissues. mi'grol. Trade name of a remedy for headache said to contain gualacetln and caffeine. mi'grosine. Trade name of an external application for the relief of simple headache and migraine, said to be composed chiefly of menthol. Migula's classifica'tion of bacte'ria (me'goo-lah) [Walter Migula, German naturalist, contempo- rary.] See under bacterium. mi'ka opera'tion [Australian native term.] The establishment of a permanent fistula in the bul- bous portion of the urethra in order to render the man Incapable of procreating; said to be a practice among certain Australian tribes. . mi'kron. Micron. Mikulicz's cells (mik'oo-lits) [Johannes von Miku- licz-Radecki, Polish surgeon In Breslau, 1850- 1905.] Foam cells, cells containing the patho- genic bacillus found in rhinoscleroma. M.'s disease', swelling of the lacrymal, and usually also of the salivary, glands in consequence of an infiltration of, and replacement of the normal gland structure by, lymphoid tissue. M. drain, a drain made of several strings of gauze held together by a single layer of the same material. M.'s mask, a wire frame, to which gauze is Mikulicz- Vladimiroff Osteoplastic Resection of THE Ankle: Theheavy line shows the line of incision, the dotted lines show the lines of section through the bones. attached, used as a mask to cover the mouth and nose of the surgeon while operating. M.'s method, increasing the resisting powers of the organism prior to abdominal operations, by injecting a solution of nucleinate of sodium. M. opera'tion, exsection of the sternocleido- mastoid muscle in torticollis. M. pad, a pad made from several layers of gauze folded into a rectangular shape; employed as a sponge, for packing off the viscera in abdominal operations, and in- other ways. Mikulicz-Vladimiroff opera'tion (mik'00-llts-via- de'me-rawf). An osteoplastic resection of the foot in which the talus and calcaneus are exsected, the anterior row of tarsal bones being tmlted to the lower end of the tibia, the articular surfaces MIKULICZ-VLADIMIROFF 6i8 MILLET-SEED of both being removed; the lower end of ^he stump is therefore the anterior portion of the foot, the patient walking thereafter oti tiptoe. mil. The thousandth part of a liter, a cubic centimeter; this word has been adopted by the U.S. P. for use in place of cubic centimeter. mil'dew [A.S. mildedw.] A parasitic fimgus growing on plants and dead organic matter. mil'foil [Fr. millefeuille, thousand-leaf.] Achillea. Milian's sign [Milian, French physician, con- temporary.] Ear sign, in subcutaneous inflam- mation of the head and face the ears escape because of the close adhesion of the skin and cartilage, but in erysipelas and other skin diseases the ears are involved. miliaria (mil-i-ah'ri-ah) [L. miliarius, relating to millet.] I. An eruption of minute vesicles due to retention of fiuid at the mouths of the sweat- follicles. 2. Miliary fever, a mild febrile af- fection accompanied by an eruption of minute papules, each tipped by a vesicle ; the fever is of , short duration, the vesicles quickly dry up, and a slight branny desquamation follows, m. al'ba, m. with vesicles containing a milky fluid ' due to maceration and detachment of the epider- mal cells lining the same. m. crystalli'na, sudamina, a non-inflammatory form of m. in which the vesicles, filled with clear fluid, are seated upon normal skin. m. papulo'sa, m. rubra in which the papular lesions predominate, m, ru'bra, prickly heat, strophulus, lichen tropicus, heat rash; an eruption of papules and vesicles at the mouths of the sweat-follicles, accompanied by redness and Inflammatory reaction of the skin. m. vesiculo'sa, m. rubra. In which the vesicular lesions predominate over the papular. miliary (mil'J-a-ri) [L. milium, millet-seed.] i. Resembling a millet-seed in size (about 2 mm. or ^ inch). 2. Marked by the presence of nodules of millet-seed size on any surface or within the tissues, m. fe'ver, (i) an infectious disease characterized by fever, profuse sweat- ing, and the production of sudamina, occurring formerly in severe epidemics; (2) miliaria (2). m. tuberculo'sis, acute generalized tuberculosis, marked by the presence of numerous minute tubercles in the affected organs or tissues. mil'ium [L. millet seed.]- A small whitish or yellow- ish papule, of the size of a plnhead or smaller, due to a retention of sebum beneath the epidermis. col'loid m., hyeloma. milk [A.S. meolc.] i. A white liquid, containing proteins, sugar, and oil globules, secreted by the mammary glands, designed for the nourishment of the young. 2. Any whitish "milky" fluid, as the juice of the cocoanut or a suspension of vari- ' ous metallic oxides, after-m., the stripping, or last portion of milk, taken from the udder of the cow at a milking, budd'eized m., see buddeize. butter m., see buttermilk, cer'tified m., m. sold . under a certification by a committee of physicians or sanitarians that it Is produced by healthy cows, and drawn, stored, and transported under proper conditions of cleanliness, and that it contains a minimum bacterial content, condensed' m., a thick liquid prepared by the partial evaporation of cow's milk, with or without the addition of sugar, fore-m., (i) colostrum; (2) the first por- tion of milk obtained from the cow's udder at a ' milking, m. line, an imaginary line extending from the axilla to the groin on the ventral surface, along which the breasts are normally placed in polymastic animals, m. of asafet'lda, lac asa- foetidae, emulsum'* asafcetidse. m. of bis'muth, magma bismuthi (U.S.). m. of i'ron, water con- taining about I per cent, of freshly precipitated ferric phosphate, m. of magne'sia, magma mag- nesiae (U.S.). m. of sul'phur, sulphur prsecipita- tum. mod'ified m., cow's milk altered, by increas- ing the fat and reducing the amount of protein, to resemble In composition human milk, u'terine m., a whitish fluid secretion between the villi of the placenta, vir'gin's m., lac vlrglnls, a toilet preparation consisting of tincture of benzoin i, in rose water 20. abnormality of, galactaciasia, cacogalactia. absence galactozemia, agalactia, acid of» lactic acid, arresting secretion, lactifugal, galactophygous, ischogaictie, antigalactic. bloody, galacthemia. causing secretion, galactagogue, galactopoietic, lactific, lactigenous, gal- actogenous, lactatic, galactic, conveying (said of ducts), lactiferous, galactophorous, lactigerous. diet, galactoposia, galactophagy, galactodieta. distention of mamma by, galactedema. excessive secretion, polyga- lactia, galactorrhea, lactorrhea, profluvium lactis. fer- ment curdling, rennin, rennet, first secretion, colostrum, foremilk, neogala; beestings (in the cow), instru- ments for estimating quality of, lactometer, galactom- eter, galactoscope, lactoscope, lactocrit, lactodensim- eter. _ poison formed in, galactoto::in, galactotoxicon. secretion of, lactation, gaiactosis, galactoplerosis (abun- dant); galactorrhea, polygalactia, profluvium lactis (excessive); oligogalactia (deficient), serum of, whey, lactoserum. _ sterilization of, pasteurization, buddeiza- tion. subsisting on, galactophagous, lacti orous. sugar of, lactose, suppression, galactischia, galactos- chesis, galactostasia, galactozemia. sweating after suppression of secretion, galactidrosis. treatment bf, galactotherapy. tumor containing, galactocele, galac- toganglion, lactocele. mil'ker's spasm. An occupation neurosis, occur- ring occasionally in milkmaids. milk'ing. Stripping, running the finger along a compressible tube, such as the urethra, with the object of expressing its contents. milk-leg [so called because of the old notion that It was due to a metastasis of the milk.] Phlegmasia alba dolens. milk'poz. A disease prevalent among the Kaffirs In South Africa, there called amaas; it is believed to be a form of modified smallpox; vaccination protects against the disease; see whitepox. milk-sick'ness. Trembles, slows; an Infectious dis- ease of cattle, communicable to man, character- ized by vomiting, fetid odor of the breath, consti- pation, and severe nervous symptoms. milk-spot. Macula albida. milk-su'gac. Lactose. milk-tooth. One of the teeth of the first or decid- uous set; dens* declduus. Mill'ar's asth'ma [John Millar, Scottish physician, 173S-1801.] Laryngismus stridulus, Kopp's asthma, Wlchmann's asthma. Mill'ard's test [Henry B. Millard, American physi- cian, 1832-1893.] For albumin in the urine: add a solution of carbolic acid, glacial acetic acid, and potassic hydrate to the suspected urine, whereupon a white precipitate will be thrown down if albumin is present. Millard-Gubler syn'drome (me-lar'-gfi-bler*) [Au- gusta Louis Jules Millard, Parisian physician, 1830-1916; Adolphe CttftJer.] Hemiplegia alter- nans. Uill'boro Springs, Virginia. Alkallne-sulpho-oarbon- ated waters. Several springs. Used by drinking In weak digestion, acid dyspepsia, and other disorders. millefo'lium [L. thousand leaf.] Achillea. Mill'er's col'lutory. Collutorlum acidl benzolcl. mill'et-seed. The seed of a grass, Panicunt milia- ceum, used as a rough designation of size of cutaneous and other lesions ; It Is the equivalent of about 2 mm., or -^ inch. In diameter. MILLIAMPERE 619 MIOSTAGMIN REACTION. milUampire (mll'1-ahm-pair') [Fr. mille, thousand, + ampire.l An electrical tinit of current- strength, the thousandth of an ampfere; *abbr. ma. miUiampiremeter (mll"I-ahm-pair'me-tur). An In- strument for determining the strength of an elec- trical current In mllUampferes. millibar (mil'1-bar) . A unit of atmospheric pres- sure, the thousandth part of a bar. millicurie (mil"I-ku're). A unit of radioactivity representing the quantity of radium emanation in equilibrium with a milligram of radium element; the equivalent of 2,670,000 Mache* units. mill'igram. One thousandth of a gram, roughly equivalent to ^ grain, m. hour, milligramage, a unit of exposure in radium therapy, i.e. the application of one milligram of radium during one hour. milligramage (mil'S-gram-aj) . Milligram* h6ur. milliliter (mll1-le"ter). One thousandth of a liter, or I cubic centimeter, about 15 minims. mill'imeter. One thousandth of a meter, roughly ^ Inch. millimicron (mil-i-mi'kron) . Micromillimeter (i). millimoll (mil'i-mol) [L. mille, 1,000.] The one- thousandth of a gram-molecule. millinor'mal. One thousandth of the normal, noting the strength of a solution ; see normal. Mill'on's rea'gent [Auguste Nicolas Eugfene Millon, French chemist, 1812-1867.] Acid nitrate of mercury solution (mercury 25, nitric acid 25, distilled water 50) which produces a red color with proteins and certain benzol derivatives. Mills' disease' (milz) [Charles K. Mills, Philadelphia neurologist, *i845.] Ascending hemiplegia. Uills-Reincke phenom'enon (milz-nn'keh) [Hiram Francis Mills, American hydraulic engineer, *i836; Johann Julius Reincke, German sanitar- ian, contemporary.] The purification of polluted public water supplies produced a notable de- cline in the general death-rate; see Hazen's* theorem. Mil'roy's disease' [W. F. Milroy, American physician, *i855.] Congenital edema of the legs; edema of the legs, without obstruction in the veins or lymphatics and without constitutional causes, occurring as a familial and hereditary affection, chronic in character but with occasional acute exacerbations. milt [A.S. milte.l The spleen. m. sick'ness, splenic fever in cattle, anthrax.* milzbrand (mllts'brahnt) [Ger. mile, spleen, -I- brand, acute Inflammation.] Splenic fever, anthrax.* mime'sis [G. mimesis. Imitation.] i. Hysterical simulation of organic disease. 2. The sympto- matic Imitation of one organic disease by another. mimet'ic. Relating to mimesis, simulating. mim'ic [G. mimikos imitating.] Imitative, simu- lating, mimetic, m. spasm, spasm of the facial muscles. mlmma'tion [Ar. mim, the letter m.] A form of stammering Jn which the m-sound Is given to various letters. mimo'sis [G. mimos, actor.] Mimesis. mind (mind) [A.S. gemynd.] The organ or seat of con- sciousness, remembering, reasoning, and willing. mind-blind'ness. Inability to recognize what Is seen, vision being, .however, unimpaired; see under blindness. mind-cure. Mental healing; the treatment of dis- ease, which Is assumed to be entirely the result of mental processes, by an Impression made iipon the mind of the patient by that of the "healer." mind-deaf'ness. Inability to interpret the meaning of what Is heard, the auditory apparatus being unimpaired. Mindere'rus' spir'it [Raymund Minderer, German physician, ti63i.] Spirltus Mlndereri, Ilquoj-* ammonll acetatis. 'i mind-pain. Psychalgla. min'eral [L. minare, to mine.] Any homogeneous, inorganic material fotmd in the earth's crust. crys'tal m., sal prunelle, fused potassium nitrate. Min'eral Hill Springs, Tennessee. Red, white, and black sulphur, alum, chalybeate, and Epsom waters. Used by drln^ng In various disorders. mi'ner's bunch'es. Circumscribed edematous ele- vations of the surface occasionally observed in" ankylostomiasis, m.'s disease', (i) ankylosto- miasis; (2) nystagmus, m.'s elbow, inflammation with fluid distention of the olecranon bursa,. caused by pressure; It is of the same nature and causation as housemaid's knee. min'im [L. minimum, least.] A fliild measure, one- sixtieth of a fluidrachm; In the case of water about one drop. mln'imal. Least, smallest. min'imum [L.]- The least, the smallest possible; in relation to sense perceptions, hearing, touch, etc., threshold.* Minin light (A. V. Minin, Russian army surgeon, contemporary.] An electric lamp which gives out violet and ultra-violet rays; employed to produce local anesthesia and for other therapeutic pur- poses. Mini-Ri-Yan Springs, Illinois. The waters contain carbonates of sodium, magnesium. Iron, calcium, and Uthlum; phosphate of lithium; and small quantities of iodine, bromine, and manganese. Five springs. Used by drinking and bathing in headache, nervousness, insomnia, disorders of the liver and kidneys, rheumatism, gout, painful swellings of the joints, and glandular enlargements. min'ium [L.] Red oxide of lead. Minkowski's meth'od (mln-kov'ske) [Oscar Minkow- ski, German physician, *i858.] Naunyn-Mln- kowski method. M.'s figure, relation between' dextrose and nitrogen in the urine on a pure meat diet and when fasting; on the average, 2.8:1. Minn'equa Springs, Pennsylvania. Light alkaline- carbonated waters. Three springs. Used by drinking in certain nervous affections, and other troubles. mint. Mentha. miocar'dia [G. meion, less, 4- kardia, heart.] Systole. miodidymus (mi-o-did'i-mus) [G. meion, less, + didymos, twin.] A monster with two heads partly fused in the occipital region. miod'ymus. Miodidymus. mionezia (mi-o-nek'si-ah) [G. meion, less, -)- hexis, a state or habit of the body.] Lessened organic resistance. miopragia (mi-o-pra'jif-ah) [G. meion, less, + firasso, I do.] Diminished functional activity in a part. mio'pus [G. meion, less, -f- ops, eye.] A double mons.ter with incompletely fused heads with two ears and three eyes. mio'sis [G. meiosis, a lessening.] i. The period of decline of a disease in which the Intensity of the symptoms begins to diminish. 2. Contrac- tion of the pupil, paralyt'ic m., contraction of the pupil due to paralysis of the radiating muscu- lar fibers, spastic m., m. due to spasmodic con- traction of the circular muscular fibers. miostag'min reac'tion [G. meion, less, + stagma, a MIOSTAGMIN REACTION 620 MISTU] drop.] A physiochemlcal Immunity test, con- sisting In determination of the surface tension of an immune serum, to which its specific antigen has been added, before and after Incubation at 37° C. for two hours. In case of a positive reaction the surface tension, as measured by the stalagmometer,* Is lowered. miot'ic. I. Relating to contraction of the pupu. 2. An agent which causes the pupil to contract. 3. Diminishing, declining, m. phase, reduction phase ; the stage of nuclear changes in the sexual cells during which reduction of the chromosomes takes place: it embraces the cell-generations of the spermatocytes and oocytes. miracid'ium [L. miracidium, early adolescence.] The ciliated embryo of a trematode worm; it develops into the sporocyst. Mirchamp's sign (mer-shahn'). A premonitory symptom of mumps ; if a rapid substance is placed on the tongue a painful reflex secretion of saliva occurs in the gland which is the seat of the incipient affection. mire [L. mirare, to look at.] One of the test objects in the ophthalmometer, by means of the images of which the amount of astigmatism is calculated. mirr'or [Fr. miroir.] A polished surface reflecting the rays of light from objects In front of it. head m., a circular concave mirror attached to a head band, used to project a beam of light into a cavity such as the nose or larynx, for purposes of examination, m. speech, a lalopathy in which the order of words In a sentence is reversed, or the words themselves are pronounced backward. m. writing, writing backward, from right to left, the letters appearing like ordinary writing seen in a mirror. Van Hel'mont's m., centrum* tendineum. MiRROR-WRITIHO. miiyach'it. A nervous affection observed in Siberia similar to palmus, latah, or the jtimplng disease of Maine. mlscairiage (mis-kar'ej). Expulsion of the prod- uct of conception during the fourth, fifth, or sixth month of pregnancy; see abortion. miscar'ry. To give birth to a non-viable fetus, i.e. to one from four to six months old. mis'ce [L. imperative of miscere, to mix.] In pre- scription writing the direction given to the pharmacist to mix the ingredients; it is usually abbreviated to M. miscegenation (mis'e-ge-na'shun) [L. miscere, to mix, + genus, race.] Marriage or sexual rela- tions between individuals of different races, espe- cially of the white and black races. misc'ible. Capable of mixing. misere're me'i [L. have pity on me.] An old term for volvulus or ileus. misocainia (mis-o-ki'ni-ah) [G. miso, I hate, -I- kainos, new.] Misoneism, misog'amy [G. miso, I hate, + gamos, marriage.] Aversion to marriage. misogyny (mis-oj'en-I) [G. miso, I hate, gyne, woman.] Hatred of women. misoneism (mis-o-ne'izm) [G. misos, hatred, -f- neos, new.] Dislike of and disinclination to accept new ideas; extreme conservatism, misocainia. mlsope'dia, misopse'dia, misop'edy [G. miso I hate, + pais{paid-), child.] Dislike or hatred of children. Missis'quoi, Vermont. Sulphurous waters. U by drinking in scrofula, diseases of the resplrat organs, and skin affections. mist. Abbreviation of mistura, mixture. mistletoe (mis'(miz')l-to) [A.S. mistel, bird-lime, tan, a twig.] Viscum. mistu'ra, gen. and pi. mistu'rce [L.] Mixture pharmacopeial preparation, consisting of liquid holding an insoluble medicinal substa In suspension by means of gum arable, sugar, some other viscid material. m. aca'cise, mixture of acacia or gum arable, m. gi mosa; contains about gr. 40 (2.6) each of acacia sugar in S r C30 . o) ; used as a vehicle. m. adstrin'gens (N.F.), astringent mixture. Villa mixture; a solution of copper andzinc acetates, u as an escharotic or, diluted with three times volume of water, as an astringent. m. ammo'nii chlo'ridi (N.F.) , mixture of ammonj chloride, m. simplex, m. solvens; a mixture of ami nium chloride and purified extract of licorice, e 2.5, in water 100; expectorant in doses of 32 (8.0) m. amyg'dalae (Br.), almond mixture, emuls amygdalEe (U.S.); made of compound powder almonds a^, water 20; used as a demulcent and vehi m. antidysenter'ica, m. camphorse acida (N.F.). m. asaf cet'idse, emulsum asafcetids. m. campho'rse ac'ida (N.F.), acid camphor mixti Hope's mixture, m. antidysenterica, nitric acid i . tincture of opium 1.2, camphor water to make i employed in dysentery in dose of 52 (8.0). m. campho'rae aromafica (N.F.), aromatic camp mixture, Parrish's camphor mixture; sugar 3.5, cc pound tincture of lavender 25, camphor water to m; 100; carminative and astringent in diarrhea in dost 32 (8.0). m. carminati'va (N.F.), carminative mixtt Dalby's carminative; magnesium carbonate fi potassium carbonate 3 . u, oils of caraway, fennel, t peppermint each 0.05, laudanum 2.5, syrup 16 water to make loo.o; carminative for young child in doses of HJS (0.5). m. chlora'Us et potas'sii bro'midi compos'ita (N.l compound mixture of chloral and potassium bromi chloral and bromide compound; a dose of 3r (4 contains chloral hydrate and potassium bromide ej gr. 12 (o.S), and extracts of cannabis indica i hyoscyamus each gr. J (o . 008) ; hypnotic and sedati m. chloroform'!, chloroform mixture, emulsu chloroformi. m. chlorofor'mi et morphi'neB compos'ita (N.l compound mixture of chloroform and morphine, chic form anodyne; each dose of 3i (2-0) contains chic form 154 (0.2s), tincture of cannabis 155} (0.37) ti ture of capsicum ijii (0.06), morphine sulphate gr (o.oos) in alcohol, glycerin, and water, flavored w oil of peppermint; antispasmodic and hypnotic. m. con'tra diarrhoe'am, diarrhea mixture; under f head the N.F. formerly admitted s diarrhea mixtui namely Sun cholera mixture, and Squibbs', Loomi Thielmann's and Velpeau's diarrhea mixtures; these names. There are now two in the N.F. hav this therapeutic indication, namely, m. opii et chlo f ormi composita and m. opii et rhei composita. m. copai'bn (N.F.), copaiba mixture, Lafayette n ture; copaiba 125, spirit of nitrous ether 125, compot tincture of lavender 125. solution of potassium hydr ide 32. syrup 300, mucilage of acacia sufficient to mi 1000; dose, 32 (8.0). m. copai'bEB et o'pii (N.F.), mixture of copaiba a opium. Chapman's mixture; copaiba 250, spirit nitrous ether 250, compound tincture of lavender tincture of opium 32, mucilage of acacia 12s, water make 1000; dose, 3i (40). m. creoso'ti (Br.), creosote mixture, creosote a spirit of juniper each 16 minims, syrup i fluidouu water to make 16 fluidounces; dose 5r (30.0). m. cre'tae (U.S., Br.), chalk mixture, compou chalk powder ao, cinnamon water 40, water to vni 100 (U.S.); prepared chalk 50, tragacanth 7, sugar i cinnamon water to make 1600 (Br.); dose 3' (4.0-16.0). MISTURA 621 MITOSIS m. fet'ri compos'ita (N.F., Br.), compound iron mixture, Griffith's mixtuie, ferrous sulphate 6, myrrh 18, sugar 18, potassitmi carbonate 8, spirit of lavender 60, rose water to make 1000 (U.S.); ferrous sulphate 5, myrrh r2, sugar 12, potassium carbonate 6, spirit of nutmeg 9, rose water to make 875 (Br.); dose, 5i-2 (is. 0-60.0). m. glycyrrhi'zse compos'ita (U.S.), compound licorice mixture, brown mixture; extract of glycyrrhiza 30, syrup so, gum arabic 30, paregoric 120, wine of anti- mony 60, spirit of nitrous ether 30, water to make 1000; employed as a cough mixture in doses of 5 r~4 (4.0-16.0). m. guai'aci (Br., N.F.), mixture of guaiac; resin of guaiac 25, sugar 25, tragacanth 4, cinnamon water, to make 1000 (Br.); guaiac 25, sugar 25, acacia 15, cin- namon water 1000 (N.F.); employed as an alterative and expectorant, and in acute tonsillitis in doses of Si-i (is. 0-30.0). m, gummo'sa, m. acacis (N.F.). m. magne'sis, asafoef idie et o'pii (N.F.), mixture of magnesia, asafetida, and opium, Dewee's carminative; magnesium carbonate so, tincture of asafetida 75, tincture of opium 10, sugar 100, water to make 1000; dose. 32 (8.0). m. olei pi'cis (N.F.) , mixture of oil of tar, tar mixture; each dose of $2 (S.o) contains oil of tar IIB4 (0.25), chloroform HJJii (0.08), in alcohol and water, flavored with licorice, peppermint, and sugar; expectorant. m. o'lei ric'ini (Br.), castor-oil mixture: castor oil 6, mucilage of acacia 3, orange-flower water 2, cinnamon water s; dose 54—2 (is.o~6o.o). m. o'leobalsam'ica (N.P.), oleobalsamic mixture, Hoffmann's balsam of life; a i per cent, alcoholic solu- tion of balsam of Peru with oils of cinnamon, cloves, orange flowers, lemon, nutmeg, and thyme; employed locally as a stimulant application. m. o'pii alkali'na, m. opii et sassafras. m. o'pii et chlorofor'ini compos'ita (N.F.), compound mixture of opium and chloroform, Squibb's diarrhea mixture; tincture of opium 200, tincture of camphor and tincture of capsicum, of each 100, chloroform 80, alcohol to make 1000; dose, 11R30 (2.0). m. o'pii et rhe'i compos'ita (N.F.), compound mix- ture of opium and rhubarb. Sun cholera mixture; tincture of capsicum and tincture of rhubarb, of each 100; tincture of opium, spirit of camphor, spirit of pep- permint, and alcohol, of each 200; dose, i!K30 (2.0). m. o'pii et sas'safras (N.F.), mixture of sassafras and opium, m. opii alkalina, Godfrey's cordial; potassium carbonate 0.8, tincture of opium 3 .5, oil of sassafras o.i, alcohol s, molasses 32.5, water to make 100; anodyne carminative for infants in dose of npro (0.6). m. pectora'lis Stokes (N.F.), Stokes' expectorant; each dose of 5 1 (4-0) contains ammonium carbonate gr. ii (0.06), fluidextiacts of senega and of squill III2 (0.13), camphorated tincture of opium TIJJio (0.6), in syrup of tolu. m. phosphafica, emulsum phosphaticum (N.F.). m. rhe'i compos'ita (N.F.), compound rhubarb mixture, the same as m. rhei et sodas formerly in the U.S.P.; sodium bicarbonate 35, fluidextract of rhubarb IS, fluidextract of ipecac 3, glycerin ■350, spirit of pep- permint 34, water to make 1000; antacid and laxative in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0). m. rhe'i alkali'na (N.F.), alkaline rhubarb mixture, neutralizing cordial, formerly called syrupus rhei et potassse compositus; fluidextract of rhubarb 16, fluid- extract of hydrastis 8, potassium carbonate 16, tinc- ture of cinnamon 64, spirit of peppermint 8, syrup 250, diluted alcohol to make 1000; dose, 3i (40). m. sen'nse compos'ita (Br.), compound mixture of senna, black draught; magnesium sulphate 5, liquid extract of licorice i, compound tincture of cardamoms 2, aromatic spirit of ammonia i, infusion of senna to make 20; dose 5i-ii (30.0-45.0). m. sim'plez, simple mixture, m. ammonii chloridi (N. P.). m. so'dse et men'thse, now called liquor sodse et men- thse, soda-mint; sodium bicarbonate s, aromatic spirit of ammonia 1, spearmint water to make 100; antacid and carminative in dose of 5 2 (8.0). m. sol'veas, solvent mixture, m. ammonii chloridi (N.F.). m. spir'itus vi'ni gal'licl (Br.), mixture of brandy; brandy and cinnamon water of each 4 fluidounces, sugar 4 ounce, yolks of 1 eggs; stimulant food in doses of 5i-2 (30.0-60.0). m. splenet'ica, spleen mixture, Gadberry's mixture; quinine sulphate 4.2, potassium nitrate and ferrous sulphate each i . 4, nitric acid i . 4, water to make 100; antiperiodic and tonic in dose of 5i (4.0). m. sulphu'rica ac'ida (P.G.), sulphuric acid mixture, Haller's acid elixir; a 25 per cent, solution of sulphuric acid in alcohol ; antiscorbutic and astringent in doses of IE6-10 (0.4-0.6). Mitch'ell's disease'. See Weir* Mitchell's disease. Mitch'ell's solution [James F. Mitchell, American surgeon, *i87i.] A tablet containing i grain cocaine and jj j grain adrenalin is dissolved in SO or 100 c.c. physiological salt solution; the stronger solution is used for anesthetizing the skin or blocking nerves, the weaker for general infiltration anesthesia of the tissues. mitchell'a [John Mitchell, Virginia botanist, eight- eenth century.] The herb Mitchella repens, partridge berry, squaw vine, a plant of Canada and the United States east of the Mississippi; employed in eclectic practice as a uterine tonic and to promote easy parturition. In doses of nji-i (0.03-0.06) of the specific medicine every few hours. mite (mit) [A.S.] A minute acarld, a tick; often parasitic, or a transmitter of disease germs. har'vest m., l^eptus. itch-m,, Sarcoptes scabiei. mange-m., Demodex foUiculorum. mithridate (mith'ri-dat) . One of several old phar- maceutical .preparations reputed to be antidotal to or preventive of poisoning. mith'ridatism [Mithridates, King of Pontus (132-63 B.C.), who is said to have acquired Immunity to poison by this means, and to have succeeded so well that he failed later in an attempt at suicide.] Immunity against the action of a poison produced by small and gradually increasing doses of thesame, mit'igate [L. mitigare, to make mild or gentle.] To make weaker or milder. mit'igated caustic. Argenti nltras mitlgatus, silver nitrate mixed with two parts of potassium nitrate. mitis (mi'tis) [L.] Mild. mitochondria (ml-to-kon'drit-ah) [G. miios, thread, -1- chondros, cartilage.] i. Granules (cytoml- crosomes) and filaments existing In the cytoplasm and forming an essential part thereof; thread- granules. 2. A finely granular protoplasmic layer stirroundlng the axial filament in the tall of a spermatozoon. 3. Chondroconta. mito'ma, mi'tome [G. mitos, thread.] The fine net- work forming the support or framework of the protoplasm of a cell. mito'sis [G. mitos, thread.] Caryoclnesls, indirect nuclear division, the usual process of cell-repro- duction, asymmet'rical m., a form of mitosis in which the chromosomes are unequal In number In the two daughter nuclei, in consequence either of irregular distribution or of a reduction of chromosomes In one nucleus, gametogenet'ic m., the process of cell-dlvlslon characteristic of the ovum after tmlon with the spermatozoon, in which the number of chromosomes In each of the conjugating cells is reduced by one-half In order to preserve In the Impregnated ovum the number proper to the species ; were It not for this reduction of the chromosomes in these conjugating cells the number of chromosomes In the zygote would be thirty-two Instead of sixteen, het'erotype m., a variety of mitosis In which the halved chromo- somes are united at their ends forming ring figures, multipo'lar m., a pathological form in ■Mi'rosis 622 MOL whicK the spindle has three dr more poles result- ing to the formation of a corresponding number of nuclei, somat'ic m., the ordinary process of rnitosis as it occurs in the somatic or body cells, characterized by the formation of a definite num- ber of chromosomes, varying according to the species; in the himian subject this number is sixteen. >■ mi'tosome [G. miios, thread, -I- soma, body.] Caryosome. mitot'ic. Relating to or marked by mitosis. mitral [L. mitra, a miter.J Relatiflg to the mitral or bicuspid valve, m, a'rea, the region" of the chest over the apex of the heart, where the sounds, normal or pathological, produced at the left atrioventricular orifice are heard most distinctly. m. mur'mur, a murmur produced at the mitral orifice, m. or'ifice, the left atrioventricular aperture, m. valve, valvula bicuspidalis. mixed, i. Consisting of two or more ingredients mingled together. 2. Not simple, presenting the signs or characteristics of two or more different things, m. chancre, a sore resulting from double tofection with the syphilitic and the chancroidal -- virus, m. treatment, treatment of syphilis with both mercury and potassium Iodide. mizosco'pia [G. mixis, Intercourse, -I- skoped, I look at.]' A form of perversion in which pleasure Is derived from the sight or thought of sexual inter- course of a certain person, for whom one has an attraction, with another; or simply in which gratification is derived from watching the sexual act in man or animals. miz'ture [L. mistural\ 1. A mutual Incorporation of two or more substances, without chemical union, the physical characteristics of each of the components being retained. A mechanical m. Is a m. of particles or masses distinguishable as such under the microscope or in other ways ; a physical m. Is a more intimate m. of molecules as obtains In the case of gases and many solutions. 2. In chemistry a mingling together of two or more substances without the occurrence of a reaction by which they would lose their Individual proper- ties. 3. In pharmacy, see misiura. chalk m., mistura cretae. French m., liquor iodi carbo- latus. m. of rhu'barb and so'da, mistura rhei composita. neutral m., a solution of potassium citrate. m. 1. d. An abbreviation for minimum lethal dose. mm. An abbreviation for millimeter. mmm. Abbreviation for micromillimeter, or micron. Mn. Chemical symbol for manganese. mnemasthenia (nem-as-the'ni-ah.) A weakening of the memory not due to organic disease. mnemic hypoth'esis (ne'mik). Semon-Hering hy- pothesis, mnemism; the theory that stimuli or irritants leave definite traces (engrams) on the protoplasm of the animal or plant, and when these stimuli are regularly repeated they induce a habit which persists after the stimuli cease; assuming that the germ cells share with the nerve cells in the possession of engrams, acquired habits may thus be transmitted to the descendants. mnemism (ne'mizm) [G. mneme, memory.] Mne- mic* hypothesis. mnemon'ic (ne-mon'lk) [G. mnemon, mindful.] Relating to memory. mnemonics (ne-mon'Iks) ■ The art of Improving the memory; a system for aiding the memory, mnemotechne, mnemotechnics (ne-mo-tek'ne, ne- mo-tek'nlks) [G. mneme, memory, + techne, art.] Mnemonics. Mo. Chemical symbol of molybdenum. M.O. Abbreviation for Medical Officer. mobile (mo'bll) [L. mobilis, movable.] Movable; moving. mobil'ify [L. mobilis, movable.]. The quality of being movable. mobili'zable. Potentially mobile. mobiliza'tion. i. Making movable; restoring the power of motion in a joint. ;«. The art of mobil- izing; the starting of hitherto quiescent material on a round of physiological activity. mobilize (mo'bil-iz) [Fr. mobiliser, to make ready a body of troops for active service.]' To liberate material stored in the body ; to excite quiescfentma- terial, such as glycogen, to physiological acti'vity. moc'casin flow'er. Cypripedlum. mocharras (mo-kar'ras) A reddish gum from Moringa pterygosperma, a tree of Western Asia. mock-knee (mok'ne). A bursitis of the knee in horses and cattle. modal'ity [L modalis, relating to modus, a mode.] In homeopathy, any condition tofluencing or modifying drug-action. modi'olus [L. a trepan.] [BNA] Columella coch- leae, the central cone-shaped core of spongy bone about which turns the spiral canal of the cochlea. mo'dus operan'di [L.] Manner of operating, mode of action. Moebius' disease' (meTse-oos) [Paul Julius Moebius, German physician, 1853-1907.] Ophthalmoplegic migraine or periodical oculomotor paraljrsls. M.'s sign, the power of convergence of the visual axes Is Impaired to exophthalmic goiter. Moeller's disease' (me'ler). i. [Moeller, German surgeon, 1829-1862.] A chronic painful form of superficial glos,sitis. 2. (Julius Otto Ludwig Moeller, German physician, 1819-1887.] Bar- low's disease, infantile scurvy.* Moeller's grass bacil'lus (m#'ler) [Alfred Moeller, German bacteriologist, *i868 ] Hay bacillus.* M.'s reaction, M.'s test, rhinoreaction. Moemer-Sjiiqvist metb'od (mer'ner-sye'kvist) [Carl Thore Moerner, Swedish physician, 1864-1917.] Same as Sjoqvist's* method. mogigraphia (moj-1-graf'i-ah) [G. mogis, with toll and pain, -1- graphe, writing.] Writer's* cramp. mogilalia (moj-I-laai-ah) [G. mogis, with toll and pain, -I- lalia, speech.] Stuttertag, stammering, or any speech defect ; molilalia. mogiphonia (moj-I-fo'nl-ah) [G. mogis, with toll and pain, -I- phone, voice.] Laryngeal spasm occurring In elocutionists , a form of professional neurosis. mogitocia (moj-1-to'sI-ah) [G. mogis, with difficulty, -I- tokos, childbirth.] Dystocia, difficult labor M.O.H. Abbreviation of Medical OfBlcer of Health. Mohr's test [Fr4ncls Mohr, American pharmaceuti- cal chemist, nineteenth century.] For free hydro- chloric add in the contents of the stoinach: the addition of a solution of acetate of iron containing a little sulphocyanide of iron to the filtered gas- trio contents will produce a red color in the presence of free hydrochloric acid. Mohrenheim's foss'a or space (mo'ren-him) [Joseph Jacob Freiherr von Mohrenheim, Austrian surgeon, ti 799.] Infracla-vlcular fossa, trigonum deltoideo- pectorale, a space between the pectoralls major and deltoid muscles, below the cla'vlcle. moist [L. musteus, fresh.] Damp, slightly wet. m. chamber, an arrangement for keeping objects under the microscope from drying up during examination, m. gangrene, a form of gangrene in which there is obstructed return flow to the venous blood, so that the dead tissues are more or less wet. mol. Abbreviation for gram-molecule. OLAR 623 MONARDA jlar [L. molaris, relating to a mill.] i. Grinding, a. A molar tooth, a grinder. 3. Relating to a mole. 4. [L. moles, mass.] Massive, relating to a mass, not molecular, m. tooth, one of the back teeth or grinders, three on each side of each jaw. sixth-year m., the first permanent molar tooth, twelfth year m., the permanent second molar tooth. olar'ifonn [L. forma, form.] Having the form of a molar tooth. olass'es [L. mellaceus, honey-like ] Treacle, a thick sweet liquid obtained in the process of sugar-making; syrupus fuscus. old. Mould. ole [A.S. mael (L. macula), a spot.] i. Nsevus pigmentosus, a brownish spot or patch on the skin. ii. [L. mola, a mass of moistened meal.] An intrauterine mass formed by the degeneration of the partly developed ovum, blood m., car'- neous m., fleshy m. cystic m.,' hydatidiform m. false m., an intrauterine polypus, fleshy m., (i) a shapeless fetal monster; (2) a shapeless mass of the secundines retained after abortion. grape m., hydatidiform m. hydat'id m., hydatid'- iform m., a vesicular or polycystic mass resulting from the proliferation of the villi of the chorion. mater'nal m., fleshy m. (s). stone m., uterine cal- culus, womb-stone, a fleshy mole which has undergone calcareous degeneration, true m., fleshy mole (i). vesic'ular m., hydatidiform m. olec'ular. Relating to a molecule. olecule (mol'e-kul) [L. molecula, dim, of moles, mass.] The smallest possible unit of existence of any substance ; it may consist of a single atom, as the molecule of mercury, or it may be com- posed of a great number of atoms, as in the case of certain alkaloids; according to the number of atoms composing It the molecule is called monatomic(i), diaiomic{i), iriaiomic(3) , ietra- tomic(,4), pentaiomic(^), hexaiomic(,6), etc. olilalia (mol"I-la'U-ah) [G. molts, with difficulty, + lalia, talking.] Mogilalia, a speech defect; stuttering, stammering. oli'men [L. an endeavor.] An effort; the labori- ous performance of a normal function, m. cli- macte'rium viri'le, a condition resembling neurasthenia, occurring in men of 45 to 55 years of age, due to alteration in the internal testicular secretion, men'strual m., the un- pleasant symptoms, feeling of weight in the pel- vis, nervous and circulatory disturbances, etc., experienced during the menstrual period. orisch's test [Hans Molisch, Viennese chemist and botanist, *i856.] For sugar in the urine : the addi- tion of a mixture of equal parts of strong sulphuric acid and of a ij per cent, solution of thymol will produce a deep red color if glucose is present. loU's gland [Jacob Antonlus Moll, Dutch oculist, ♦1849.] Glandula clUaris. oUichthyolin (mol-ik'thi-o-lln). An ointment of ichthyol with moUln as a base. lol'Un [L. mollis, soft.] A smooth yellowish oint- ment composed of soft soap containing a fatty acid from cocoanut oil with glycerin; used as a base for medicated ointments. .ollities(mol-ish'I-ez) [L.] Softness, or softening, malacia. m. cer'ebri, encephalomalacia, soften- ing of the brain, m, os'sium, osteomalacia oll'osin. Trade name of a mixture of yellow wax and liquid paraffin, used as a base for medicated ointments. ollus'cous. Relating to or resembling molluscum. ollUB'cum ]L. mollusms, soft.] A disease marked by the occurrence of soft rounded tumors of the skin. m. contagio'sum, a contagious disease of the skin, chiefly of the face, breast, and genitals, marked by the presence of small pearly warty elevations which break down in the center and discharge a caseous material; the affected cells contain certain minute bodies, m. corpuscles, which have been variously regarded as protozoan parasites and degenerated cells, m. epith:lia'le, m. contaglosum. m. gigan'teum, m. contaglosum with lesions an inch or more in diameter, m. pen'dulum, fibroma pendulum, m. seba'ceum, m. contaglosum. m. sessi'le, m. contaglosum. m. sim'plex, fibroma molluscum. m. verruco'- sum, m. contaglosum. molt, moult (m61t) [L. mutare, to change.] To cast off feathers, hair, or cuticle; desquamate. molyb'danize. To Impregnate with a salt of molybdic acid, such as ammonium molybdate, noting a method of demonstrating nerve-fibrils. molyb'date. A salt of molybdic acid. molybden'ic. Relating to molybdenum, molybdic. niolyb'denous. Molybdic molybdous. molybde'num [G. molybdaina, graphite.] A silvery white metallic element, s3rmbol Mo, atomic weight 96. molyb'dlc. Relating to molybdenum, molybdenic. m. acid, M0O3 -I- H^O, a yellowish crjrstalline acid, forming salts called molybdates. molyb'dous. Relating to molybdenum, molyb- denous. molysmophobia (m8-liz"mo-fo'bi-ah) [G. molysma, filth, infection, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of infection, mysophobia. Mom'burg's meth'od [Fritz August Momburg,. Ger- man surgeon, *i87o.] Production of artificial anemia of the lower extremities by compression of the abdominal aorta by means of elastic tubing encircling the abdomen midway between the border of the ribs and the iliac crests. momen'tum [L. equilibrium, motion.] j.. An Im- pulse, n. The quantity of motion, the product of mass and velocity of a moving body. monacid (mon-as'id) [G. monos, single, + L. acidus, acid.] Noting a base having one replace- able hydroxy! group. mon'ad [G. monas, the number one, unity.] i. A univalent element. 2. A unicellular organism. 3. Specifically a flagellate Infusorian. monadelphous (mon-S-del'fus) [G. monos, single, + adelphos, brother.] Noting a flower in which the filaments of all the stamens are tmited in a single bimdle. Monad'ida. An order of Zoomastigophora, embrac- ing cells, often ameboid In form, provided with one or more flagella at one end. mon'adin. Monad. Monadi'na. Monadida Monakow's filaers or tract (mo-nahTcov) [Constantin von MonakoTO, Russian histologist, *i8ss.] Rubrospinal tract. monamide (mon'am-id). The same as a mona- mine,* except that the hydrogen atom is replaced by an oxidized radical instead of hydrocarbon. monamine (mon-am'en). A substance derived from ammonia by the substitution, in each molecule, of a hydrocarbon radical for a portion or all of the hydrogen; according as it contains one, two, or three substituted radicals it is a primary, secondary, or tertiary monamine. monaminuria (mon-am"in-u'ri(-ah) . The presence of any monamine in the urine when voided. monar'da [N. Monardis, Spanish botanist, sixteenth century.] The leaves of Monarda punctata, wild bergamot, American horsemlnt, a labiate plant MONARDA 624 MONOCOC of the United States east of the Mississippi; car- minative and antiperiodlc. employed in intennit- tent fever and colic In doses of 15115-30 (1.0-2.0) of a fluidextract. mon'ardin. A stearopten from oil of monarda, isomeric with thymol. monarsone (mon-ar'son). Disodium mono- ethylarsone, CHsCHzAsOCNaO)!, an aliphatic compound containing 38 per cent, of arsenic, recommended as a substitute for arsphenamine in the treatment of syphilis. monaT'thric [G. monos, single, + arthron, joint.] Relating to a single joint, monarticular. monartic'ular [G. monos, single, + L. articulus, joint.] Uniarticular, monarthric, relating to a single joint. Mon'as [G. single, a unit.] i. A genus of infusorlans of the order Monadida. 2. A monad. M. pro- digio'sus. Bacillus prodigiosus. monas'ter [G. monos, single, + aster, star.] The single star figure in caryoclnesia. monatheto'sis [G. monos, single.] Athetosis affect- ing one hand or foot. monatom'ic [G. monos, single, + aiomos, atom.] I. Relating to or containing a single atom. u. Univalent. monaz'on, monas'one [G. monos, single, + axon, axis.] Having a single neuraxon, noting nerve- cells of the first or second type. monaxon'ic [G. monos, single, + axon, axle] i. Having but one axon, noting a form of neuron. ■^. Having but one axis, being therefore elongated and slender. Monday-mom'ing sickness. An affection of the horse marked by lameness after the animal has remained quiet for a day or so. Other symptoms are pain, profuse sweating, accelerated pulse and breathing, tenseness of muscles of loin and thigh, and often nervous excitement. Paralysis of the hind legs may develop. No definite cause is known. Mon'dorf, Luxembourg. Saline waters. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, neurasthenia, jaiuidice, constipation, rheumatism, and skin affections. May 15 to October 15. mo'ner [G. moneres, solitary.] A non-nucleated mass of protoplasm. Monera (mo-ne'rah) [pi. of moneron, G. moneres, solitary.] A name given by Haeckel to pro- tozoan organisms having no defined nucleus. moner'ula [G. moneres, solitary.] The first stage of the impregnated ovum when, according to Haeckel, the nucleus disappears, or Is not dis- tinguishable. mone'sia. The bark of Crysophyllum glyciphlceum, a tree of Brazil; employed as an expectorant, alterative, and emmenagogue In doses of gr. s-15 (0.3-1.0). mon'esin. A glucoslde from monesia, probably saponin, employed as an emmenagogue and oxytocic In doses of gr. i— ^ (0.015-0.03). Mongo'lian id'iocy. See idiocy. M. mac'ulae. M. spots.* M. spots, see under spot. mongo'lianisni, mon'golism, Mongolian Idiocy.* mon'ilated. MoniUform. monilethrix (mon-1-leth'riks) [L. monile, necklace, + G, thrix, hair.] Beaded or moniliform hair; a condition in which the hairs show a series of con- strictions, giving the appearance of a string of fusiform beads. Monilia (mo-nin-ah) [L. monile, necklace.] A genus of moulds or fungi; fruit moulds. moniliasis, moniliosis (mo-nil-i'a-sis, mo-nil-i-o'- sis). Infection with any species of Monilia; it includes thrush and certain dermatomyoose bronchomycoses. monil'iform [L. monile, necklace, + forma, af ance.] Beaded. monks'hood. Aconltum. mono- [G. monos, single.] A prefix denotin participation or Involvement of a single ele or part ; tini-. monoanesthesia, monoanfesthesia (mon"o-an-es zl-ah) [G. monos, single.] Anesthesia of a 1 extremity or part of an extremity. monobacillary (mon"o-bas'll-a-rI) [G. monos, si Relating to or caused by one species of ba( noting an infection. mon"obacte'rial [G. monos, single.] Associated one species only of bacteria, said of an Infe( mon"oba'sic [G. monos, single, + basis, 1 Having but one replaceable hydrogen i noting an acid with a basicity of one. mon"oblep'sia [G. monos, single, -I- blepsis, s A condition in which vision is better with on than with two. monobrachius (mon'o-braTce-us) [G. monos, si -f- brachion, arm.] A monster with but one monobromacetanilid (mon"o-brom"as-e-tanl' Monobromphenyl-acetamide, antisepsin, a tar derivative occurring in white tasteless cry has been recommended for neuralgia in of gr. 1-8 (0.06-0.5). mon"obro'mated. Noting a chemical compoui which one atom of bromine is contained in molecule, m. cam'phor, camphora monobror m. phe'nol, an oily yellowish or reddish li CjHjBrO, employed as an antiseptic exter in I or 2 per cent, ointment. monoceph'alus [G monos, single, + kephale, h Syncephalus,* symphyocephalus, a twin mo with a single head ; see craniopagus, janiceps monochlamydeous (mo-no-klam-id'e-us) [G. m single, -I- chlamys(chlamyd-), cloak.] Noti flower with a single perianth. monochlormeth'ane. Methyl chloride. mon"ochlorphe'nol, mon"ochlorophe'nol. A c less crystalline compoimd, C,H,C1(0H); externally in erysipelas in 5 to 20 per cent. tlon, and for lupus in 25 per cent, ointment; also in pulmonary tuberculosis by Inhalation as an antiseptic in dentistry. monochorea (mon-o-ko-re'ah) [G. monos, sli Chorea affecting the head alone or only extremity. monochorion'ic [G. monos, single.] Relating having a single chorion, noting enzygotic* t monochroic (mon-o-kro'lk) [G. monos, singl chroa, color.] Monochromatic. monochromasia (mon"o-kro-ma'sil-ah) [G. m single, + chroma, color.] Color blindness, e: for a single color, monochromatic [G. monos, single, + chroma, c Having but one color, monochroic. mon'ochromat'ophil, mon"ochromat'ophile monos, single, -I- chroma, color, 4- philos, I I. Taking only one stain. 2. A cell or any 1 logical element staining with only one kind of monochro'mic. Of a single color, monochron monochroic. monochro'mophil, monochro'mophile. Mono matophll. monoc'Iinous [G. monos, single, + kline, bed. botany, hermaphrodite, the stamens and being in the same flower. monococc'us [G. monos, single, + kokkos, bi A coccus occurring singly and not palre grouped in various forms. MONOCRANUS 62s MONOPLASMATIC monoc'ranus [G. monos, single, + kranion, cranium.] Monocephalus. monocrot'ic [G. monos, single, + krotos, stroke.] Noting a pulse the curve of which presents no notch In the downward line. monoc'rotism. The state In which the pulse is monochrotlc. monoc'ular [G. ntotios, single, + L. oculus, eye.] Relating to, affecting, or visible by, one eye only. monoc'ulus. i. A monster with one eye only, monophthalmus, Cyclops. 2. A bandage applied to one eye only. monocyte (mon'o-sit) [G. monos, single, + kytos cell.] A large uninuclear leucocjrte. monocytopenia (mon'o-si-to-pe'nl-ah) [monocyte + G. penia, poverty.] Diminution in the niunber of monocytes in the peripheral circulation. monocytosis (mon'o-si-to'sis). Increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood. monodac'tylism [G. monos, single, + daktylos, digit.] The presence of a single finger or a single toe on the hand or foot, respectively. moncs'cious. Moneclous. monogenesis (mon-o-jen'e-sis) [G. monos, single, + genesis, production.] 1. The production of similar organisms in each generation; see metagenesis. 2. The production of young by a single parent, non-sexual generation, partheno- genesis. monogerminal (mon-o-jur'niin-al) [G. monos, single, + L. germen, bud, germi.] Unigerminal, relating to a single germ or ovum. mon'ograph [G. monos, single, -f- graphe, a writing.] A treatise on a single subject or group of subjects, as one on valvular disease of the heart, or on diseases of the heart In general. monohem'erous [Gr. monos, single, + hemera, day.] Of one day's duration. monohybrid (mon-o-hi'brid) [G. monos, single, -1- kybrid. ] The offspring of parents that differ in one character. monohy'drated [G. monos, single, + hydor, water.] Containing or united with a single molecule of water. monohy'dric [G. monos, single.] Having but one hydrogen atom In the molecule monoideism (mon-o-l-de'Izm) [G. monos, solitary, -I- idea. Idea.] A harping on one Idea; a slight degree of monomania, mon"oinfec'tion. Simple Infection with a single variety of microorganism. monoke'tone. A ketone containing one atom group (CO). mon'ol. Trade name of a i-iooo solution of cal- cium permanganate; powerfully antiseptic, used chiefly to purify drinking water. Mono Lake, California. Murlated-saline-calclc-car- bonated waters, 63° P. to 80° F. The action of even small quantities of the water Is extremely diuretic. monoloc'ular [G. m.onos, single, -t- L. loculus a small chamber.] Unilocular, having but a single compartment or chamber monomania (mon-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. monos, single, -I- mania, madness.] Insanity in relation to a single idea or subject; a psychosis marked by the limi- tation of the symptoms more or less strictly to a certain group, as the delusion in paranoia or the dominating desire in an impulsive psychosis. monoma'niac. One suffering from monomania. monomastigote (mo-no-mas'tS-gpt) [G. monos, sin- gle.] A mastigote having but one flagellum. mon"omercuri'on. The tmlvalent mereurous Ion. 40 monomer'ic [G. monos, single, + mens, part.] Relating to a single metamere. monometall'ic [G. monos, single, -f metallon, metal.] Containing but one atom of a. metal In the molecule. mon"omicro'bic. Noting a monoinfection, or an infection due to the presence of a single species of microbe, whether bacterium or protozoon. monomo'ria [G. monos, single, -I- moria, silliness.] A mild degree of monomania. monomorphic (mon-o-mor'fik) [G. monos, single, -t- morphe, shape.] Of one shape; unchangeable in shape. monom'phalus [G. monos, single, -t- omphalos, umbilicus.] A twin monster joined at the imiblU- cus. monomyositis (mon-o-ml-o-sl'(se')tls) [G. monos, single, + mys, muscle, -1- -itis.l Inflammation of a single muscle. mononeu'ral, mononeu'ric [G. monos, single, H- Ke«roK, nerve.] i. Having only one neuron. 2. Supplied by a single nerve. mononeuritis (mon"o-nu-rI'(re')tls) [G. monos, single, -I- neuron, nerve, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of a single nerve, m. mul'tiplex. Inflammation of several nerves In unrelated portions of the body. ' mononuclear (mon-o-nu'kle-ar) [G. monos, single, -i- L. nucleus."] Uninuclear, having a single jiucleus. mononucleo'sis. The presence In the peripheral blood of mononuclear leucocytes In abnormal numbers. mononucleotide (mo"no-nu'kle-o-tid) [G. monos, single.] A simple nucleic acid combined with one base only. mon"opar'esis [G. monos, single, -\- paresis.] Paresis affecting a single extremity or part of an extremity. monoparesthesia, monoparssthesia (mon"o-par-es- the'zi-ah) [G. monos, single.] Paresthesia affect- ing a single region only. monopath'ic. Relating to a single disease or to a disease affecting a single part. monop'athy [G. monos, single, -1- pathos, suffering.] I. A single uncomplicated disease. 2. A local disease affecting only one organ or part. monopegia (mon-o-pe'ji-ah) [G. monos, single, + pegnymi, I fix in.] Localized pain in the head, clavus, monopet'alous [G. monos, single.] Gamopetalous. monoph'agism [G. monos, single, + phago, I eat.] Habitual eating of but one kind of food. monopha'sia [G. monos, single, -t- phasis, speech.] A condition In which a single word or sentence Is repeated constantly. monophasic (mon-o-fa'zik). i. Marked by mono- phasia. 2. Characterized by only one phase. monopho'bia [G. monos, single, -I- photos, fear.] Morbid fear of solitude or of being left alone. mon"ophthal'mus [G. monos, single, + ophthalmos, eye.] A monster with one eye, cyclops, monops. monophylet'ic [G. monos, single, + phyle, tribe.] Having a single source or origin ; derived from one line of descent ; opposed to polyphyleiic. monophyletism (mo-no-fi'let-izm) [G. m.onos, single, -I- phyle, tribe.] In hematology, the doctrine that all the blood-cells are derived from one common ancestor, probably the myeloblast. monophy'odont [G. monos, single, -I- phyo, I grow, + odous\odont-), tooth.] Having one set of teeth only; without deciduous dentition; compare diphyodont and polyphyodont. mon"oplasmat'ic [G. monos, single, + plasma, thing formed.] Formed of but one tissue. MONOPLAST 626 MONTEBELLO SPRINGS mon'oplast [G. monos, single, + plastos, formed.] A imlcellular organism which retains the same structure or form throughout Its existence. monoplas'tic. Undergoing no change in structure, relating to a monoplast. monople'gia [G. monos, single, + plegS, a stroke] Paralysis of one limb. m. mastlcato'ria, uni- lateral paralysis of the muscles of mastication (masseter, temporal, pterygoid). monopo'dial. Relating to a monopodlum. monopo'dium [G. monos, single, + pous(pod-), foot.] In botany, an axis of growth which extends at the apex, producing branches in succession behind its tip. mon'ops [G. monos, single, + dps, eye.] Cyclops, monophthalmus. monopsychosis (raon-op-sl-ko'sis) [G. monos, single, + psyche, mind.] Monomania. mon'opus [G. monos, single, + pous, foot.] A mon- ster with a single foot, sympus. monorchidic (mon-or-kid'lk) [G. monos, single, + orchis (orchid-), testis.] Having apparently but one testicle, the other being undescended. monorchidism, monorchism (mon-or'ki-dizm, mon'or-kizm) . A condition in which but one testicle is apparent, the other being absent or undescended. monorchis (mou-or'kis). A person who has appa- rently but one testicle. monosaecharid, monosaccharide (mon-o-sak'ar-id) [G. monos, single, + sakcharis, sugar.] A carbo- hydrate which does not form any other sugar by the action upon it of a dilute acid ; the pentoses and hexoses are monosaccharids ; dextrose (glu- cose) and levulose belong to this class. mon'ose. Monosaecharid monosep'alous [G. monos, single.] Gamosepalous. monosome (mon'o-s5m) [G. monos, single, -f- soma, body.] Accessory chromosome, one of the allo- somes which are unpaired in the spermatogonium. mon'ospasm [G. monos, single.] Spasm affecting only one muscle or group of muscles, or a single extremity. monospermy (mon'o-spur-ml) [G. monos, single, + sperma, seed.] Fertilization through the en- trance of one spermatozoon only into the egg. Monos'tomum [G. monos, single, + stoma, mouth.] A genus of flukes, or trematode worms. M. len'tis, a species sometimes foiuid in the crystal- line lens of the eye. monostra'tal [G. monos, single, 4- L. stratum, covering.] Composed of a single layer. monosub'stituted. In chemistry noting an element or radical, only one atom or atom equivalent of which is fovmd In each molecule of a substitution compound. monosymp'tom. An isolated or single symptom. mon"osymptomat'ic. Noting a disease or morbid condition manifested by only one marked symptom. monosyphilide (mo-no-sif'i-led) [G. monos, single, + syphilide.] Marked by the occurrence of a single syphilitic lesion. mon'otal. Trade name of a derivative of gualacol, guaiacol methylglycholate, said to be devoid of toxicity; employed in neuralgia and as an anti- pj-retlc in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). monotber'mia [G. monos, single, -I- thermi, heat.] Evenness of bodily temperature, absence of an evening rise In fever. Monotricha (mon-ot'ri-kah) [G. monos, single, -t- thrix(trich-), hair.] A group of protozoans having a single flagellum. monotrichoua (mon-ot'ri-kus) [G. monos, single, H- thrix(trich-), hair.] Having one flagellimi or cllium only, noting a unicellular organism with this characteristic. monov'alent [G. monos, single, -I- L. valere, to have power.] Univalent. monox'ide [G. monos, single.] Any oxide having only one atom of oxygen. Monozo'a [G. monos, single, -H zoon (pi. zoa), animal.] A group of Cestoda, the members of which possess but a single set of reproductive organs, therefore having but one segment. Monro's' bur'sa [Alexander Monro, Scottish anatomist, 1697-1767.] The intratendinous bursa of the olecranon. M.'s fora'men, foramen interventriculare. M.'s gland, glandula con- creta, the outer or palpebral portion of the lacrymal gland. M.'s line, a line passing between the umbilicus and an anterior superior spine of the ilium. M.'s sul'cus, sulcus hypo- thalamicus. Monro-Richter line (mon-ro'-rikh'ter) [Alexander Monro; August Gottlieb Richter.'] A line passing from the umbihcus to the left anterior superior spine of the Ilium. mons, gen. mon'iis, pi. mon'tes [L. a mount.] An anatomical prominence or slight elevation above the general level of the surface, m. pubis [BNA], m. Veneris, m. ■ iire'teris, a pinkish prominence on the wall of the bladder marking each ureteral orifice, m. Ven'eris [L. Venus], the prominence caused by a pad of fatty tissue over the symphysis pubis of a woman. Monsel's' salt. Oxypersulphate of Iron, the scaly residue obtained by evaporating the solution of ferric subsulphate. M.'s solu'tion, liquor ferri subsulphatls. mon'ster [L. monstrum.l A malformed fetus. autosit'ic m., one capable of Independent existence, autoslte.* com'pound m., one in which there are parts, more or less imperfectly developed, of more than one individual, double m., twin m., one in which all or most of the organs and other parts are duplicated, emmen'ic m., a menstruating infant, endocy'mic m. [G. endon, within -t- kyma, fetus], a very incomplete parasitic m., usually only a few of the dermal structures, enclosed in another and forming a dermoid cyst. Gila m., see Gila, parasit'ic m., a partly devel- oped fetus attached to another and Incapable of Independent existence, twin m., double m., one In which there are two more or less independent individuals joined at some part of the head or trunk, triplet m., a compound m., containing parts, more or fewer, of three Individuals. monstrip'ara [L. monstrum, a monster, -I- parere, to bring forth.] A woman who has given birth to one or more monsters. monstriparity (mon-strl-par'i-tl) [L. mj>nstrum, monster, + parere, to bear.] The giving birth to a monster. monstros'ity. A monster; the condition of being a monster; teratism. mon'strum [L.]" A monster. Mont Dore, France (mawn-dor'). AlkaUne-sallne- chalybeate-arsenical-carbonated waters, 54°P., and 104° F. to 116.5° F. Eleven warm springs; one cold spring. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic affections of the respiratory organs, especially asthma, in gout, rheumatism, nervous affections, sciatica, neuralgia, and certain cases of pulmonary phthisis. June i to September 20 Montebell'o Springs, Vermont. Alkaline-calcic wa- ters. Two springs. Used by drinking and bath- ing in rhetunatism and skin diseases. [ONTEGGIA'S DISLOCATION 627 MOREL-KRAEPELIN DISEASE onteggia's disloca'tion (raon-ted'jah) [Giovanni ' Pattista Monieggia, ItaKan surgeon, 1762- 1815.] Dislocation of the femur toward the ■ anterior superior spine of the ilium. , - ontesa'no Springs, Missouri. Muriated-sallne-so- dlo-magneslc-calcic-carbonated waters. Twelve springs. Used by drinking in .dyspepsia, chronic constipation, and disorders of the blood, liver, and kidneys. A creamy substance obtained from one of the springs is said to be of great benefit when applied locally to old.sores, ulcers, or raw surfaces. :ontgom'ery's gland [William Fetherston Mont- gomery, Irish physician, 1797-1859.] Glandula* areolaris, one of the sebaceous glands in the. areola of the nipple; they become hypertrophied during pregnancy. M.'s tu'bercles, the papular elevations formed by M.'s gland. [ontgom'ery White Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Sallne-sulphureted and alkaline-chalybeate wa- ters, 50° F. Five springs. Used by drinking and bathing in disorders of the liver and skin, abdominal plethora, gout, rheumatism, malarial affections of the spleen and liver. Incipient tuber- culosis, chronic nietalUc poisoning, chlorosis, dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, albuminuria, amenor- rhea, and other troubles. lonth'lies. Menses. lontic'ulus [L. dim. of mons, mountain.] i. Any sUght rounded projection above a, surface. 2. [BNA] The central portion of the superior ver- mis forming a projection on the surface of the cerebellum; its anterior and most prominent portion is called the culmen, its posterior sloping portion, the declive. lontpe'lier drops [Montpelier, a city in the south of France.] A preparation made by Bon, a French savant of the eighteenth century, from spider silk and recommended as a remedy In lethargic conditions. lontreuz, Switzerland (mawn-tre'). Alkaline wa- ter. Used by drinking In affections of the stom- ach, liver, kidneys, and bladder. lontvale' Springs, Tennessee Sulphated-sallne- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and bath- ing la dyspepsia, the uric-acid diathesis, and genitourinary disorders. The summer months. Joo'dyrille SQn'eral Springs, Kansas. Alkallne- sallne-carbonated waters. Three springs. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, disorders of the intes- tines, liver, and kidneys. noon'-blindness. 1. Amblyopia alleged to be due to sleeping in the moonlight In the tropics ; moon- blink.. 2. Night-blindness. noon'blink. Moon-blindness. noon-calf [Skr. garbha, fetus ; a product of concep- tion at one time supposed to have been unfavor- ably influenced by the moon.] A fleshy mole; a monster. Hoon's mo'lars. Small dome-shaped first molar teeth occurring in hereditary syphilis. foore's frac'ture [Edward Mott Moore, American surgeon, 1814-1902.] Fracture of the lower end of the radius with displacement of the styloid process of the ulna. Moore's test [John Moore, English physician 19th century.] For sugar in the urine: boiling with caustic soda or potassa produces a brown color in the presence of glucose. Uoor'en's ul'cer [Albert Mooren, German oculist, 1828-1899.] Rodent ulcer of the cornea, an ulcer along the corneal margin having deeply undermined edges. Uoor'man Min'eral Well, Michigan. Saline-calclc- sulphureted waters. Used by drinking and bathing In inflammatory rheumatism, gout, . sciatica, skin diseases, diseases of women, dyspep- sia, constipation, nasal and pharyngeal catarrh, hay-fever, and chronic alcoholism. mope-eyed. Myopic. Morand's foot (mor-ou') [Sauveur Franfois Morand, Parisian surgeon, 1697-1773.] A foot having eight toes. M.'s disease, a localized paralysis affecting one or more of the extremities. M.'s fora'men, foramen cascum(3). M.'s spur, hippo- campus minor, calcar* avis. Morax-Ax'enfeld diplobacill'us [Victor Morax, Paris physician, contemporary; Alexander Axenfeld, Paris physician, nineteenth century.] Bacillus conjunctiviUdis, an organism causing conjunc- tivitis of a rather mild type. mor'bid [L morbidus, ill.] Diseased, pathological. morbid'ity. i. A diseased state. 2. The ratio of sick to well in a commimity, the sick-rate, morbllity. morbific [L. morbus, disease, -I- facere, to make.] Disease-producing, pathogenic. morbigenous (mor-bij'en-us) [L morbus, disease, -I- gennao, I produce.] Morbific, pathogenic. morbil'ity. Morbidity. morbil'li [L. morbillus, dim. of morbus, disease.] Measles. morbill'ous. Relating to measles. mor'bus [L ] Disease, m. Addiso'nii, Addison's* disease, m. an'glicus, rickets, m. Bright'il, Bright's* disease, m. cadu'cus, faUtag-sickness, epilepsy, m. caeru'leus, blue disease, cyanosis of the newborn, m. comitia'lis, epilepsy; so called because, if any one had an epileptic fit during a session of the Comitia in ancient Rome, the assembly had to be closed immediately, m. coxse, m. coza'rius, hip-disease, coxitis, m. divi'nus, epilepsy, m. dormiti'vus, sleeping- sickness, m. el'ephas, elephantiasis, m. erro'- num, vagabond's disease, m. gall'icus, syphilis. m. hercu'leus, (i) elephantiasis; (2) epilepsy. m. maculo'sus neonato'rum, a fatal disease in the newborn, marked by hemorrhages from the umbilicus, nose, and gastroenteric canal, with fever and sometimes jaundice, m. maculo'sus Werlhof'fii, purpura hsemorrhagica. m. miser'- ise, any disease due to privation, m. pedicula'- ris, m. pediculo'sus, phthiriasis, pediculosis, m. Te'gius, icterus, jaundice, m. sa'cer, sacred disease, epilepsy. m. seni'lis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis deformans, m. strangula- to'rius, . membranous croup, diphtheria, m. vagabun'dus, vagabond's* disease, m. vir- gin'eus, chlorosis, m. vul'pis, fox's disease, alopecia. M.O.R.C. Abbreviation for Medical Officers Re- serve Corps. morcel' [Fr. morceler, to subdivide.] To remove piecemeal. morcella'tion fFr. morceller, to subdivide.] Taking away by bits, a mode of removal of a tumor or hypertrophied tissue hy nipping or crushing off little bits at a time. morcellement (mor-sel-mon') [Fr.] Morcellatlon. mor'dant [L. mordere, to bite.] A substance, such as alum, used to make fast a dye or stain. Morel's' delir'ium [Benolt Augustln Morel, French alienist, bom hi Vienna, 1809-1873.] Emotional delirium. M.'s ear, a large misshapen outstand- ing auricle, with obliterated grooves and thinned edges; a stigma of degeneration. Morel-Kraepelin disease' (m8-rel'-kra'peh-lin) [Benolt. Augustin Morel; Emil Kraepelin, Ger- man psychiatrist, 'iSse.] Dementia"' praecox. MORELLI'S TEST 628 MORPHOEA Morelli's test (mo-rel'le) [Morelli, Italian phy- sician, tipiS.] To distinguish between an exudate and a transudate; a few drops of the suspected fluid are added to a saturated solution of mercuric chloride in a test-tube; if the result is a flaky precipitate the fluid is a transudate, if a cohesive clot forms it is an exudate. Morestin's meth'od (m6-res-tan') [H. Morestin, French surgeon, 1869-1919.] Disarticulation of the knee with intracondyloid section of the femur. Morgagni's appen'dix (mor-gahn'ye) [Giovanni Bat- tista Morgagni, Italian anatomist and pathologist, 1 68 2-1 7 7 1.] Lalouette's* pyramid. M.'s car'- tilage, an Inconstant cartilage In the form of a nearly vertical cylindrical rod In the substance of each aryteno-eplglottic fold. M.'s car'uncle, middle lobe of the prostate gland. M.'s cat'a- ract, a hypermature cataract, see Morgagnian cataract.* M.'s corumn, columna* rectalis, one of a number of vertical ridges in the mucous membrane of the upper half of the anal canal. M.'s con'cha, the superior turbinated bone, concha* nasalls superior. M.'s crypts, one of the pockets at the lower end of the sinus* rectalis, formed by M 's valves. M.'s disease', Stokes*- Adams disease. M.'s fora'men, foramen caecum (3). M.'s foss'a or fo'vea, fossa navicularis urethras. M.'s fre'num, frenulum valvulae coli. M.'s glands, Littr^'s glands, glandulas* ure- thrales. M.'s glob'ules, minute hyaline bodies beneath the capsule of the crystalline lens. M.'s hu'mor, M.'s liquor. M.'s hydat'id, (i) appendix testis; (2) appendix vesiculosus. M.'s lacu'na, lacuna urethralis. M.'s liquor, a fluid found post mortem between the epithelium and the fibers of the crystalline lens, resulting from the liquefaction of a semifluid material existing there during hfe. M.'s nod'ule corpus Arantii, nodulus* valvulse semilunaris. M.'s prolapse', chronic inflammation of M.'s ventricle. M.'s retinac'ulum, M.'s frenum. M.'s si'nus, (i) sinus rectalis; (2) utrlculus masculinus. M.'s spheres, M.'s globiiles. M.'s tu'bercle, (i) nasal tonsil; (2) bulbus olfactorlus. M.'s valve, a little fold like a semilunar valve of the heart, at the lower end of each of the grooves (sinus* rectales) separating M.'s columns. M.'s ven'tricle, ventriculus laryngis. morgue (morg) [O.Fr. morguer, to regard solemnly.] A building where the unknown dead are kept for a time in order to afford an opportunity of identi- fication before burial. mo'ria [G. moras, stupid, dull.] i. Foolishness, dul- ness of comprehension, hebetudinosity. 2. A mental state marked by frivolity, joviality, an inveterate tendency to jest, and inability to take anything seriously, said to be associated with the presence of a tumor in the frontal region of the brain. mor'ibund [L. moribundus; moriri, to die.] Dying, at the point of death. Morin'ga pterygosper'ma. A plant of India yielding mocharras* gum, moT'iopIasty [G. morion, dim. of moros, a part, + plasso, I form.] Plastic surgery for restoring parts lost by injury or disease. mo'ri suc'cus [L. morus, mulberry; succus, juice.] Mulberry juice; used as a flavor in refrigerant beverag6s. Moriz Weisz test (mo-rits- vis') . Weisz* test, urochromogen reaction. morn'ing paral'ysis. See under paralysis. morn'ing-sick'ness. Nausea and sometimes vomit- ing on arising in the morning, from which women in the early months of pregnancy often suffer. Mo'ro's test [Ernst Moro, German physician, *i874.] One-tenth grain of a salve of equal parts of old tuberculin and anhydrous lanoUn is rubbed into the skin of the epigastrium or thorax for one minute. If the subject is tuberculous a reaction, in the form of pale or bright red nodules, appears in from 24 to 48 hours. M.'s tuber'culin oint'ment, the mixture of tuberculin and lanolin used In making M.'s test. morococ'cus [L. morus, mulberry.] A form of micrococcus in which the Individuals are clumped together in rounded masses; it was regarded by Unna as the pathogenic agent in eczema. mo'ron [G. moros, stupid.] A feeble-minded person of higher grade than an imbecile, one who does not advance beyond the Binet* age of 1 2 'years. moronity (mo-ron'i-t?) . Morosis. morosis (mo-ro'sis) [G. moras, stupid.] Moronity, a grade of feeblemindedness above imbecility; the mental state of a moron. morphe'a, morphoe'a [G. morphe, form, figure.] Circumscribed scleroderma, Addison's keloid, a skin disease marked by the presence of Indurated patches of a whitish or yellowish white color surrounded by a pinkish or purplish border; varieties are described, m.. al'ba, m. atroph'ica, m. pigmento'sa , according as the patches are white, atrophied, or pigmented, m. acroter'ica, m. confined chiefly to the extremities, m. alba, white m., a form In which there is little or no pigmentation, m. atroph'ica, m. with atrophy of the affected portion of the skin. m. flazn'mea, naevus vascularis, m. gutta'ta, the presence of roundish white spots on the skin due to circum- scribed degeneration of the papillary layer; white-spot disease, m. herpetifor'mis, m. dis- tributed along the course of a nerve, like herpes zoster, m. linea'ris, a form In which lesions are arranged in the form of bands, m. ni'gra, a pigmented form of morphea. morphi'na (U.S., Br.). Morphine, CijHjjNOj + HjO, the chief narcotic principle (alkaloid) of opium, occurs In colorless aclcular crystals of a bitter taste, nearly insoluble in water; dose, gr. J— J- (0.008-0.03), hut is usually exhibited in the form of one of its soluble salts, morphi'ns ace'- tas (Br.), morphine acetate, a faintly yellowish white powder of bitter taste, soluble in water; dose, gr. J— J (0.008-0.03). morphi'nse hydro- chlo'ridum (U.S., Br.), morphine hydrochloride, occurring as white aclcular or cubical crystals of bitter taste, soluble In about 25 parts of water; dose, gr. \-\ (0.008-0.03). morphi'nse sul'phas (U.S.), morphine sulphate, occurring as white, silky, aclcular crystals of bitter taste, soluble in 20 parts of water; dose, gr. ^— J (0.008-0.03) morphi'nse tar'trsis (Br.), morphine tartrate, occurs as minute white aclcular crystals, soluble in II parts of water; dose, gr \—^ (0.008-0.03). morphine (mor'f en, raoT-iin')[L. Morpheus, the god of dreams or of sleep.] Morphina. mor'phinism. Morphine habit; the habitual use of morphine. morphiniza'tion. Bringing under the Influence of morphine. morphinoma'nia. Morphinism; the habitual use of morphine by Ingestion or hypodermic injection. morphioma'nia. Morphlnomania. morphiom'etry [morphina + G. metran, measure.] The determination of the proportion of morphine In a given sample of opium. morphce'a. Morphea. morphogenesia, morphogenesis (m5r-fo-jen-e'sI-ah, mor-fo-jen'e-sis) [G. morphe, shape, + genesis, production.] Tiie stimulation of growth. morphogenetic (mor-fo-jen-et'ik) [G. morphe, shape, + gennao, I produce.] Causing or stimulating growth. morphog'raphy [G. morphe, form, + graphs, a writing.] The study of or a treatise on the form and structure of animals and plants. morpholecithus (mor-fo-les'I-thus) [G. morphe, form, + lekithos, yolk.] The germinal or true yolk, vitellus* formatlvus. morphological (mor-fo-lojl-kal). Relating to mor- phology. morphol'ogy [G. morphe, form, + -logia.] The science which treats of the external configuration or the structure of animals and plants. morphom'etry [G. morphe, form, + metron, measure.] The measurement of the different parts entering Into the external configuration of bodies. mor'phon [G. morphe, form.] Any one of the Indi- vidual structures entering Into the formation of an organism; a morphological element, such as a cell. morpho'sis [G. a shaping.] The formation of an organism or any of its parts. morphot'ic. Relating to morphosls. mor'pio [L.] Crab-louse, Pediculus pubis. Morrant' Ba'ker's cyst. See Baker. Mor'rhua. A genus of fishes, including the cod. The genus Is now usually called Gadus, morrhua being the specific name of the cod. mor'rhuol. Gaduol. Mor'ris appen'diz [Robert Tuttle Morris, New York surgeon, *i857.] A vermiform appendix under- going fibroid degeneration. M.'s point, a point of tenderness, on deep pressure, about an Inch and a half from the tunbllicus, on a line drawn between the umbilicus and the right anterior superior spine of the lUum; It Is present In the case of an irritative process in the neighborhood of the vermiform appendix. MoiT'ison Springs, Colorado. The waters contain various Ingredients among which are sulphureted hydrogen, calcium bicarbonate, manganese. Iron, arsenous acid, and magnesium sulphate; 80° F. Used by drinking In affections of the digestive organs, skin, and kidneys. In rheumatism, and chronic syphilis. mors [L.] Death. mor'sal [L. morsus; mordere, to bite.] Noting the masticatory, grinding, or occlusal surface of a tooth. mor'sel [L. morsellum, dim. of morsus, a bite.] i. A bite, a mouthful. 2. A bit, a small piece. mor'sulus [L. dim. of morsus, a bite.] A lozenge or troche. mor'sus diab'oli [L the devil's bite.] The fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube, fimbriae tubse. mor'tal [L. mortalis; mors, death.] i. Fatal, destructive to life. 2 Destined to die. mortal'ity [L. mors(mori-), death.] Death-rate, i . The ratio of the number of deaths to the total population. 2. The ratio of the fatal cases to the total number of cases of any disease. 3. In life insurance the ratio of actual deaths to ex- pected deaths, ac'tual m., In hfe Insurance the number of deaths per 1,000 lives Insured, dis- tinguished from the tabular m. tab'ular m., In hfe Insurance, the death rate per 1,000 lives as in- dicated by a mortality table. mor'tar [L. mortarium.] A vessel with roimded Interior in which crude drugs and other sub- stances are crushed or bruised by means of a pestle. mortif'erous [L. mors(,mj>rt-), death, -t- ferre, bear.] Fatal, lethal; causing death. mortification (mor'tl-fi-ka'shun) [L. mors(tnort death, -t- facere, to make.] . Gangrene. Mor'timer's disease or mal'ady. A cutaneo affection marked by a number of symmetrica! arranged, flat-topped sarcoid tumors of a da reddish color, on the face and hands; theym remain indefinitely with or without ulceratlc or may disappear spontaneously. mortinatality (mor-ti-na-tal'i-tl) [L. mors (mori death, -|- natalis, relating to birth.] Natimc tality, the still-birth rate. Mor'ton's cough [Richard Morton, English ph sician, 163 7-1698.] An obstinate cough phtlusis, which constantly results in vomiti: with consequent loss of nourishment ai emaciation. Mor'ton's cur'rent [William James Mortc American neurologist, 1845-1920.] Electric discharges from a Leyden jar passed through t patient, the jar being continuously rechargi by means of a static machine. Mor'ton's disease' or neural'gia [Thomas Geor Morto«, American physician, 1835-1903.] Met tarsalgia, neuralgia of the metatarsophalange joint of the third or fourth toe; called al M.'s foot, or M.'s toe. Mor'ton's fluid. Iodine, gr. 10, potassium iodic gr. 30, glycerin gi; employed by injection f the cure of spinal meningocele. mor'tuaiy [L. mortuus, dead.] i. Relating death or to burial, -j. Dead-house, an ov building In a hospital or other institution, whe the dead are placed before burial. mor'ula [L. dim. of morus, mulberry.] A mass small nucleated segments resulting from tl repeated division of the blastomeres; mulber mass. morula'tion. The formation of the morula. mo'rus [L.] Mulberry. Morvan's chore'a (mor-vafi') {Morvan, Preni physician, 1819-1897.] Fibrillary chorea, psud chorea. M.'s disease', analgesic paralysis wl whitlow, a progressive paralysis and atrophy the forearms and hands with analgesia and tl formation of painless whitlows; probably tl same as syringomyelia. mor'vin [Fr. morve, malleus, glanders.] Malleln. mosaic (mo-za'lk). Tesselated, inlaid, resemblli Inlaid work. m. layer, mesoretlna. Mosch'cowitz's opera'tion [Alexis V. Moschcowii New York surgeon, *i86s.] Operation f femoral hernia by the inguinal ' route. M. test, a test of the viable areas in threatened seni gangrene; an elastic bandage is applied fi five or ten minutes and then quickly removei the reactionary hyperemia travels from aboi downward — slowly and imperfectly in doubtf areas but not at all in regions of total ischemi moschus (mos'kus) [G. moschos, musk.] (U.S., Bi Musk, the dried secretion from the preputl follicles of Moschus moschiferus, the musk-dee a. native of Thibet and the table-lands of Centr Asia; a diffusible stimulant and nerve sedatlv In doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13—0.3). Moser's se'rum (mo'zer) [P. Moser, Vienr podiatrist, *i865.] A polyvalent bactericid and antitoxic serum prepared by injecting ini horses, cultures of streptococci obtained from tl heart's blood in fatal cases of scarlet fever. Mosetig-Moorhof's meth'od (mos-et'ig-m5r'ho [Albert Ritter von Mosetig-Moorhof, AustriE surgeon, 1838-1907.] Treatment of tube MOSETIG-MOORHOF'S METHOD 63° MOUTH culous cavities of bone by scraping and plugging with iodoform in wax. Hosier's diabe'tes (mos'ler) [Karl Priedrich Hosier, German physician, *i83i.] Ino- situria with excretion of large quantities of water. mosquito (mus-ke'to) [Sp. dim. of mosca, fly.] A blood-sucking dipterous Insect of the family Culicidcs; see Anopheles, Culex, and Stegomyia, the genera containing most of the species Instru- mental In the transmission of various protozoan and other animal forms of disease-producing parasites, m. fever, a term proposed by the Third International Sanitary Congress as a sub- stitute for malaria. moss [AS. meos.] i. A delicate, low-growing, cryptogamous plant of the class Musci. 2. Pop- ularly any one of = number of lichens and sea- weeds. Ceylon m., agar-agar, club m., lyco- podlum. Iceland m., cetraria. Irish m., chon- drus (3). Jaffna m., agar-agar. Moss'man fe'ver. A fever, noted especially among sugar cane cutters in the Mossman District of North Queensland, marked by swelling of the axillary and inguinal glands; it lasits for from ten days to two weeks and is apparently unin- fluenced by quinine or the salicylates. Mos'so's er'gograph [Angelo Mosso, Italian physiol- ogist, 1846-1910.] See cut under ergograph. M.'s sphymomanom'eter, an apparatus for meas- uring the blood-pressure in the digital arteries. Moszkowicz's test (mos'ko-vits). Hyperemia test; a lower limb in a made anemic by means of an Esmarch bandage, which is removed at the end of five minutes; one then notes the return of color, which normally reaches the tips of the toes in a few seconds, but in arteriosclerosis the color returns slowly, requiring sometimes several minutes to involve the entire limb. Motais' opera'tion (m6-teh') [Ernst Motais, French ophthalmologist, fig 13.] Transplantation of the middle third of the tendon of the superior rectus muscle of the eyeball into the upper lid, between the tarsus and skin, to supplement the action of the levator muscle in ptosis. moth [A.S. moihihe.'] i. A lepidopterous Insect, distinguished roughly from a butterfly by not , having knobbed antennae, and by flying usually at dusk or at night. 2. Moth-patch, brown- tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhcea; the nettling hairs of the caterpillar cause a troublesome dermatitis when brought In contact with the skin. moth-patch. Liver-spot, the lesion of chloasma. mother (mudh'er) [A.S. modor.] i. The female parent. 2. Any cell or other structure from which other similar bodies are formed. mother (mudh'er) [A.S. modder, mud.] A stringy sediment In vinegar, the fimgus of acetous fer- mentation, Mycoderma aceti. mother-ab'scess. A primary abscess giving rise to purulent collections In other parts. mother-cell'. A cell which, by fission or budding, produces other similar cells. mother-cyst'. The echlnococcus cyst, from the Inijer, or germinal, layer of which secondary cysts con- taining scoUces (daughter-cysts) are developed; sometimes tertiary cysts (granddaughter-cysts) are developed within the daughter-cysts It oc- curs most frequently In the liver, but may be found In other organs and tissues. The symp- toms are those of a tumor of the part affected. mother-liq'uor. The liquid remaining after certain substances which it contained In solution have been precipitated or crystallized out. mother's-mark'. Birth-mark, nevus. moth'er-wort [A.S. wyrt, a plant.] A plant, such as Artemisia vulgaris, supposed to possess healing virtues In diseases of the womb. mo'tile [L. motus, movement.] i. Having the power of spontaneous movement. 2. Specific- ally, noting the type of mental imagery in which the person recalls most readily that which he has felt; contrasted with audile and visile. motil'ity. The power of spontaneous movement. mo'tion [L. motio, movement] 1. Movement, change of place. 2. Specifically, a movement of the bowels, defecation. 3. The matter discharged from the rectum, a stool. mo'tor [L. a mover.] i. Moving or causing motion. 2. Noting a nerve or Its center through which or from which Impulses travel which excite a muscle to contract, m. a'rea, the cerebral cortex of the ascending frontal and parietal convolutions m. center, motorlum. m. fibers, the filaments In a mixed nerve which transmit motor impulses only and not sensation, m. oc'uli, the third cranial nerve, nervus oculomotorius. m. zone, see zone. plas'tic m., an artificial point of attachment, on an amputation stump, to which is fastened the cord or extensor by which movement is transmitted to an artificial limb, in cine- matization.* motorgraph'ic. Clnetographlc. moto'rial. Relating to motion, to a motor nerve, or the motor center moto'rium. The center for motor Impulses In the brain. moto'rius. A motor nerve. mo'tormeter. A device for determining the amount, force, and rapidity of movement. mo'torpathy. Movement-cure, clnesltherapy. mould. A fungous growth on dead or decajing vegetable matter, forming a furry coating on the surface. mound'ing. A localized contraction of a degener- ating muscle, occurring at the point where the' muscle is sharply struck. mount. To prepare for microscopical examination. moun'tain. Relating to, resembling, or occurring in a mountain or mountains, m. ane'mia, uncinariasis, m. balm, eriodlctyon. m. fever, (i) Rocky Mountain fever, tick* fever(4); (2) m. sickness, m. sick'ness, a symptom-complex of giddiness, nausea, dyspnea, headache, thirst, malaise, and a slight rise of temperature, due presumably to reduced atmospheric pressure, In those who ascend to great heights In a balloon or in moiuitain climbing. Moun'tain Springs, Pennsylvania. The waters con- tain iron and carbonic acid gas. Mount Clem'ens Min'eral Springs, Michigan. Saline waters. Used (diluted) by drinking and bathing In scrofulous affections of the joints, bones, and skin; paralysis, chronic rheumatism, and obsti- nate neuralgia. mount'ing. See mount. mouth [A.S. miUh.'\ 1. Os, expanded upper portion of the digestive tract, containing the tongue and the teeth ; it is bounded by the lips anteriorly, the cheeks laterally, the arch of the palate above {roof of the mouth), below by muscular tissue {■floor of the mouth), and passes posteriorly into the pharynx through the Isthmus of the fauces. 2. Os or ostium, orifice; the opening, usually the external opening, of a cavity or canal. glasB'- blower's m., a swelling of the parotid gland occur- ring in glassblowers. m. of the womb, os uteri, OS tincae. parrot m., see parrot*-mouth. ta'pir m., MOUTH 631 MUCIFEROUS protrusion of the- lips due to weakness of the oral muscle In certain forms of juvenile muscular dystrophy. ' absence, astomia, lipostomia. aperture, rima oris, atrophy, lipostomia. Upostomy. bleeding from, stom- atorrhagia, hsemorrhagia oris, cavity of, cavum oris. disease, stomatopathy,^ stomatosis, stomatia. dry- ness, xerostomia, fluid discharge, stomatorrhea, sialorrhea, ptyalism. gangrene, noma, cancer aquati- cus, cancrum oris, stomatonecrosis, imperforation, atietostomia. inflammation, stomatitis, stomacace, stomatocace, aphthae, stomatomycosis, thrush, muguet, stomatopyra. large size, macrostomia. odor from, stomatod^^sodia, ozostomia. pain, stomatodynia, stomatalgia. plastic surgery, chalinoplasty, stomato- plasty, stomatopoiesis. sm^ size, microstomia, soft- ening, stomatomalacia. spasmodic closure, trismus, stomatospasmus, lockjaw, specialty of diseases of, sto- matology, stomatoiatria, tumor, stomatophyma, ul- ceration,stomatocace, stomacace, stoma telcosis .canker, cancrum oris, vestibule of the, vestibulum oris, vicari- ous menstruation from, stomatomenia. stomenorrhagia, movement (mooVment) [L. movere, to move.] 1 . The act of changing position, of passing from one place to another, a. A discharge of feces from the rectum, ac'tive m., effected by the organism Itself unaided by external Influences. ame'boid m., the m. characteristic of leucocytes and unicellular organisms; see streaming m. assis'tive m., in massage, a m. which the partially paralyzed muscle of the patient would be unable to perform unaided but which is effected with the graduated assistance of the operator. asso'ciated m., Involuntary m. in a limb corre- sponding to one voluntarily executed In Its fellow. Brown'ian m., Bruno'nian m., rapid oscillation of 'minute solid particles suspended In a liquid. chore'ic m., an Involuntary spasmodic twitching . or jerking In groups of muscles not associated In the production of definite purposeful movements, cil'iaiy m., the rhythmical, sweeping m, of the cilia of epithelial cells, or the sculling movement of jiagella, effected possibly by the alternate contraction and relaxation of contractile threads (myolds) on one side of the clUum or flagellum, grand m., a m, of large range embracing the entire body, as In opisthotonus, or one or more of the extremities, occurring especially as one of the stages of hystero-epllepsy, molec'ular m., Brownlan m, mus'cular m., m, caused by the contraction of the protoplasm of the muscle-cell, pas'sive m., m. Imparted to an organism or- any of Its parts by. external agency: ni, of any joint effected by the hand of another person, or by me- chanical means, without participation of the sub- ject himself, protoplas'mic m., m, produced by the inherent power of contraction and relaxation of protoplasm ; such movements are of three kinds : muscular, streaming, and ciliary, re'flex m., an involuntary m. resulting from a stimulus applied near, or it may be at a distance from the part moved, resis'tive m., in massage, a m. made by the patient against the efforts of the operator, or one forced by the operator against the resistance of the patient. stream'ing m., the form of m. characteristic of the protoplasm of leucocytes, amoebae-, and other unicellular organisms; it con- sists In the massing of the protoplasm at some point where surface pressure Is least and Its extru- sion In the form of a pseudopod ; the protoplasm may return to the body of the cell, resulting In the retraction of the pseudopod, or the entire mass may flow into the latter and so effect progression of the cell Swe'dish m., passive m., clnesltherapy. move'ment-cure. Clnesltherapy. mower's mite (mo'urz nut). Harvest mite, Lepius autumnalis. mox'a [Jap. moe kusa, burning herb,] 1 , A cone or cylinder of cotton wool or other combustible material, placed on the skin and Ignited in order to produce counterlrrltatlon, 2, A button-shaped iron, heated In the fire or electrically, and applied as a cautery ; actual cautery, galvanic moxa, mozibustion (mok'sl-bus'chun) [moxa + {com)- bustion.] The production of counterirritation by means of a moxa. Moynihan's symp'tom-com'plez (mun'yan) [Berk- eley George .Andrew Moynihan, English surgeon, contemporary,] Hunger-pain, relieved by food; late pain from three to six hours after eating; night-pain (renewed hunger-pain) waking the patient and relieved by food, such as crackers and milk — a sign of duodenal ulcer. M.'s test, on gaseous inflation of the stomach by giving the two parts of a Seidlitz powder separately, two distinct sacs can be made out in case of hourglass con- traction. M.R.C. Abbreviation for Medical Reserve Corps. M.R.C.P. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians. M.R.C.P.E. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. M.R.C.P.I. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland. M.R.C.S. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons. M.R.C.S.E. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. M.R.C.S.I. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. M.R.C.V.S. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. M.u. Abbreviation of Mache* unit. mu'avlne. An alkaloid from muava-bark, obtained from an African tree of the genus Erytkrophlaium; It is similar In Its properties to erythrophlelne, the alkaloid of sassy-bark, mu'cedin, mu'cedine [L, mucedo, mucus,] A pro- tein of the gUadln group, present in gluten of wheat and other grains. muchematein (muk,-hem'S.-te-in). A staining fluid consisting of aluminum chloride o.i, hematin 0.2, glycerin 40.0, water 60,0. Much's bacil'lus (mookh) [Hans Much, German physician, *i88o.] An alleged non-acid-fast granular form of the tubercle bacillus, not demon- strable by the Ziehl stain, but taking a modified Gram stain, and resistant to antiformin; it is said to be the form present in the tuberculous skin lesion, M.'s gran'ules, rows of non-acid-fast.. gram-positive granules, supposed to be modified tubercle bacilli, M.'s reac'tion, Much-Holzmann reaction. Much-Holzmann reaction (mookh-holts'mahn re- ak'shun) [Hans Much; W. Hohmann, German physician, contemporary.] The alleged property of the serum from a person suffering from dementia prsecox or from manic-depressive insanity of inhibiting hemolysis by cobra- venom. Much-Weiss stain (mookh-vis). Same as Weiss* stain. mu'cic. Relating to mucus, m. acid, a crystalline substance, CjHuO,, derived from the oxidation of gum arable, gum tragacanth, lactose, and other carbohydrates. mucicar'mine. A mucin stain containing aluminum chloride 0.5, carmine i, distilled water 2. mu'cid. Mucilaginous, slimy. mucif'erous [L. mucus + ferre, to carry.] Mucip- MUCIFORM 632 MUDAR mu'ciform [L. mucus + forma, form.] Resembling mucus. mu'clgen [L. mucus + G. gennao, I produce.] A substance formed In the secreting cells of the mucous membranes, convertible Into mucin. mucigenous (mu-slj'en-us) [L. mucus + gennao, I produce.] Muciparous. mu'cilage. MucUago. mucilaginous (mu-sl-laj'ln-us). 1. Resembling mucilage, viscid, sticky. 2. Muciparous. mucila'go, gen. mucilag'inis, pi. m.ucilag'ines [L. a mouldy juice.] A pharmacopelal preparation consisting of a solution In water of the mucilagin- ous principles of vegetable substances: employed as a soothing application to the mucous mem- branes and in the preparation of official and extemporaneous mixtures, m. aca'ciae (U.S., Br.), mucilage of acacia or gum arable; acacia 340, lime water 330, water to make 1000 (U.S.) ; gum ' arable 4, distilled water 6 (Br.); used as an excipient for mixtures and pill masses and troches. m. chon'dri (N.F.), mucilage of Irish moss, made with chondrus 3, in water 100; used in the prepa- ration of emulsions, m. dextri'ni, mucilage of dextrin, containing dextrin 33.5, in water 100; used for making emulsions, m. sal'ep (P.G.), mucilage of salep, made with salep I, in water 100; demulcent, m. sas'safras medul'lse (N.F.), mucilage of sassafras pith; sassafras pith 2. water 100; used in bronchitis and as a local ap- plication in conjunctivitis, m. tragacan'ths (U.S., Br.), mucilage of tragaoanth; tragacanth 6, glycerin 18, water to make 100; employed as an excipient in extemporaneous mixtures and as a local application to burns, m. ul'mi, mucilage of slippery elm; slippery elm 6, water 100, digest for I hour in a water-bath, and strain; employed as a demulcent in affections of the mucous mem- branes. mu'cin. One of a number of glycoproteins secreted by the goblet cells of the mucous glands and present also In connective tissue and in the um- bilical cord; they are soluble in alkaline water and precipitated by acetic acid. mucine'mia, mucinse'mia [mucin + G. haima, blood.] The presence of mucin in the blood. mu'cinoblast {mucin + G. blastos, germ.] i. Mast cell. 2. Goblet cell. mucin'ogen [mucin + G. gennao, I produce.] A protein-carbohydrate compound (glycoprotein) which, through the imbibition of water, forms mucin. mu'cinoid [mucin + G. eidos, appearance.] i. A glycoprotein resembling mucin but possessing a somewhat higher sulphur content; It is normally found in connective tissue and pathologically in cells undergoing muclnold or mucoid degenera- tion. 2. Resembling mucin, m. degenera'tion, see degeneration. mucinuria (mu-sin-u'ri-ah) [mucin H- G. ouron, urine.] The presence of mucin in the urine. mucip'aTous [L. mucus + parere, to bring forth, bear.] Producing mucus, muclferous, mucigen- ous. mucitis (mu-sl'(se')tls). Inflammation of a mucous membrane. mucocele (mu'ko-sel) [L. mucus + G. kill, tumor, hernia.] i. A cyst containing mucus. 2. A mucous polypus. 3. A retention cyst of the lacrymal sac. mucocolitis (mu-ko-ko-li'(le')tis). Mucous colitis.* mucocuta'neous. Relating to mucous membrane and skin, noting the line of junction of the two at the nasal, oral, vaginal, and anal orifices. mucoenteritis (mu"ko-en-ter-l'(e')tls). 1. Inflam- mation of the Intestinal mucous membrane, a. Mucomembranous enteritis.* mucoid (mu'koyd) [mucus + G. eidos, appear- ance.] 1. A glycoprotein differing from mucin in general only in possessing a higher sulphur content; it is normally found in connective tissue, and pathologically in the cells undergoing mucoid degeneration. 2. Muciform, resem- bling mucus, m. degenera'tion, see degeneration. m. tumor, myxoma. mucomem'branous. Relating to a mucous mem- brane, m. enteri'tis, mucous enteritis.* mucoperios'teal. Relating to mucoperlosteum. mucoperios'teum. Mucous membrane and perios- teum so Intimately united as to form practically a single membrane, as that covering the hard palate. mucopn'rulent. Both mucous and purulent, con- taining or composed of both mucus and pus. mu"copus'. A mucopurulent discharge, a, mixture of mucus and pus. mu'cor. I. Mucus. 2. A mould common on dead and decaying vegetable substances, bread, etc. ; slime fungus. mu'corin. A protein present in certain mucors or moulds. Mucori'ni. A family of mucors, moulds, or slime fungi. mucormycosis (mu"kor-mi-ko'sis) . A mycosis caused by a. fungus or mould of the family Mucoracece, one of the slime fungi. mucosa (mu-ko'sah) [L. fern, of mucosus, mucous.] Membrana mucosa, tunica mucosa, mucous membrane. muco'sal. Relating to the mucosa or mucous membrane. mucosangtuneous, mucusanguinolent (mu"ko-san- gwin'e-us, mu"ko-san-gwin'o-lent). Consisting of mucus mixed with blood. mucosed'ative. Soothing to the mucous membranes, demulcent. mucoserous (mu-ko-se'rus). Both mucous and serous; containing or consisting of mucus and serum. mu'cosln. A mucin occurring In a very thick adhesive mucous discharge. mucous (mu'kus) . Relating to mucus or a mucous membrane, m. membrane, a membrane secret- ing mucus, which lines passages and cavities communicating with the exterior, m. patch, (i) a group of macerated macules and papules occurring in the mucous membrane of the mouth in syphilis; (2) condyloma latum. m. rftle, a bubbling sound heard on ausculta- tion over bronchial tubes containing mucus. mucro (mu'kro) [L. point, sword. ] A term applied to the pointed extremity of a structure, m. cor'dis, apex of the heart, m, ster'ni, ensiform process of the sternum. mucronate (mu'kro-nat) [L. mucro, a sword.] Relating to or resembling a sword, ensiform, xiphoid, m. car'tilage, ensiform cartilage, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. mucu'na [a native Brazilian name.] The hairs adherent to the pods of the cowhage, Mucutta pruriens, and the Florida bean, M. urens; an- thelmintic in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0.13) in honey or sjmip. mu'cus. The clear viscid secretion of the mucous membranes, consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leucocytes, and various Inorganic salts suspended in water; animal mucilage. mu'dar. Calotropis. MUD-BATH (>3S MULTIFORM mud-bath. Immersion of the body in mud for therapeutic purposes; see bath, fango, liman. Mueller's canal' or duct (muler) [Johannes Mueller, Berlin physiologist, 1801-1858.] One of two embryonic canals opening Into the cloaca, lying on the external surface of the Wolffian body, forming in the female the oviducts, uterus, and vagina; In the male they disappear leaving as vestiges the utrlculus* mascullnus and the appen- dix* testis. M.'s capsule, Bowman's capsule capsula* glomeruli. M.'s ezper'iment, after a forced expiration, an attempt at Inspiration is made with closed mouth and nose, whereby the negative pressure in the lungs is increased. M.'s gan'glion, ganglion superius. Mueller's fiTjers (mu'ler) [Heinrlch Mueller, German anatomist, 1820-1864.] 1. The circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, M.'s muscle (2). n. Susten- tacular fibers of the retina, running through the thickness of the retina from within as far as the bases of the rods and cones where they form a network called the inembrana llmltans externa. M.'s muscle, (i) musculus orbitalis, a collection of unstriped muscular fibers stretching across the sphenomaxillary fissure and Infraorbital groove; It Is supplied by sympathetic nerve-fibers, (2) the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, musculus* ciliaris. M.'s tri'gone, a portion of the tuber clnereiun which folds over the optic chiasm and adheres to Its upper surface. Mueller's flu'id or liq'uid (mu'ler) [Hermann Franz Mueller, German histologlst, 1866-1898.] A fljild for hardening histological specimens; composed of potassimn bichromate 2, sodium sulphate 1, distilled water 100. Mueller's sign (mu'ler) [Priedrich von Mueller, German .physician, *i8s8.] Rhythmical pul- satory .movements of the uvula, with swelling and redness of the velum palati and tonsils, synchronous with the heart's action, in aortic insufficiency. M.'s steato'ma, lipoma fibrosum. MueUer's test (mu'ler) [Eduard Mueller, German physician, "^1876.] If to some of Millon's re- agent in a porcelain dish one adds one or two drops of pure tuberculous pus a slight pelhcle is formed and no coloring of the reagent takes place; if the pus is of streptococcic or staphylo- coccic origin it forms a disc-shaped drop of fluid and stains the reagent red. See Donni's * test. Muenchmeyer's disease' (mlinsh'mi-er) . A pro- gressive ossifying myositis. mugwort (mug'wurt) [A. S. mycg or mucg, midge, + wyrt, plant.] A name given to various species of Artemisia, A. vulgaris, A. absinthium, A. ludo- viciana. muhin'yo. Native name of a continued fever prev- alent In Uganda, probably identical with Malta* fever. muioceph'alon. Myiocephalon. muira puama (moo-e'rah poo-ah'mah) [Native Brazilian, wooden strength.] The wood of Livosoma ovata, a tree of Brazil, employed as an antirheumatic and antldysenteric In doses of 15110-20 (o . 6—1 . 3) and as an aphrodisiac In doses of 3i-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluldextract. mul'berry. A tree of the genus Morus; the fruit is edible and the juice, mori succus, is sometimes used to flavor refrigerant drinks In fever, m. cal'culus, a vesical calculus of calcium oxalate, the surface of which is nodulated giving It a fancied resemblance to a mulberry, m. mark, nevus, m. mass, morula, m. spots, the abdom- inal eruption in typhus fever. Mul'der's test [Johannes Mulder, Dutch chemist, 1802— 1880.] If to a fluid containing sugar one adds a solution of Indigo-carmine, made alkaline with sodium carbonate, in quantity sufficient to give a faintly blue tint, and then heats, a play of colors takes place through green, purple, and red to violet; on shaking in a vessel containing air the blue color Is restored. Mules's opera'tion [Phihp Henry Mules, English ophthalmologist, 1843-1905.] Evisceration of the eyeball followed by the Insertion within the sclera of a hollow ball of glass, silver, or some other non-irritating material, to give support to an artificial eye. mulieb'ria [L. neut. pi. of muliebris, relating to a woman.] The female genital organs. muliebrity (mu-U-eb'ri-ti). The state of being a woman; the change of character in the human female at puberty. mull [Hindu, malmal, mulmuL] A soft thin cotton cloth, a kind of muslin, salve m., mulla (N.F.). mulla (mul'lah). Mull, steatin; one of a group of pharmaceutical preparations (jnullce) in the National Formulary, formerly called unguentum extensum; it is an ointment, consisting of the medicinal agent in a base of a mixture of suet and lard with the occasional addition of wax or lead plaster, spread on mull, or soft muslin, m. ac'idi salicyl'ici (N.F.), salicylic acid mull; sali- cylic acid 10, benzoinated suet 80, benzoinated lard 10. m. creoso'ti salicyla'ta (N.P.), sal- icylated creosote mull; salicylic acid 10, creo- sote 20, yellow wax 5, benzoinated suet 65. m. hydrar'gyri chlor'di corrosi'vi (N.P.), cor- rosive sublimate mull; corrosive mercuric chlor- ide .i, alcohol 60, benzoinated suet 900, ben- zoinated lard 50. m. zin'ci (N.P.), zinc muU; zinc oxide 10, benzoinated suet 70, benzoinated lard 20. mullein, mullen (mul'en), [A.S. molegii ] Verbas- cum. multan'gular. Having many angles, m. bone, os multangulum; the large m. bone is the [BNA] term for the trapezium, the small m. bone for the trapezoid. multi- [L. multus, much, many.] A prefix denoting many; properly joined only to words of Latin derivation; the equivalent in words of Greek origin Is poly-. mul"tiartic'ular [L. multus, many, -I- articulus, joint.] Relating to or Involving many joints, polyarthrlc. multicap'sular [L. multus, many, + capsula, cap- sule.] Having numerous capsules. mul'ticell. A group of cells having similar functions. multicell'ular [L. multus, many, -f cellula, cell.] Composed of many cells. multicus'pid. A multicuspldate* tooth, a molar tooth. multicus'pidate [L. multus, many, + cuspis, cusp.] I. Having more than two cusps. 2. A tooth with three or more cusps or projections on the crown, a multicuspid, a molar tooth. multifamilial (mul-ti-fct-mil'I-al) [L. multus, many, + familia, family.] Noting a familial disease which attacks the children in several successive generations. mul'tifid [L. multifidus.'] Divided Into many clefts or segments. multif'idus [L. multus, much, + findere, to cleave.] Multifid; see under musculus. mul'tifonn [L. multus, many, + forma, form.] Occurring in many forms, polymorphous. MULTI GLANDULAR 634 MURMUR multiglandular (mul-ti-glan'du-lar) [G. multus, many.] Pluriglandular. multigrav'ida [L. multus, many, + gravida, preg- nant.] A pregnant woman who has been pregnant two or more times previously. multiinfection (mul-tl-ln-fek'shun) [L. multus, many.] Mixed infection with two or more varieties of microorganisms developing simul- taneously. multilo'bar [L. multus, many, -I- lobus, lobe.] Hav- ing several lobes. multilotate, multilobed (mul-tWobd'). Multllobar. multilob'ular [L. multus, many, -t- lobulus, lobule.] Having many lobules. multiloc'ular [L. multus, many, + loculus, compart- ment.] Many-celled, having many compart- ments or locull. multimaminae (mul-tl-mam'e) [L. multus, many, + m,amma, breast.] Polymastia, a condition in which more than two mammary glands are pres- ent In the human. multlno'Bal [L. multus, many, + nodus, node.] Having many nodes. multinod'ular, multinod'ulate [L. multus, many, -|- nodulus, nodule.] Having many nodules. multlnuclear (mul-ti-nu'kle-ar) [L. multus, many, + nucleus.'] Having two or more nuclei. multinucleated (mul-tl-nu'kle-a-ted). Multlnuclear. multip'ara [L. multus, many, + parere, to bring forth, to bear.] A woman who has borne three or more children In as many pregnancies. multipar'ity. i . The condition of being a multip- ara. 2. The bringing forth of two or more children at one birth. multip'arous. i. Relating to a multipara. 2. Bringing forth two or more children at one birth. multipartial (mul-tl-par'shal) [L. multi, many, -f- partial.] Noting a serum made not from one culture only but from cultures of several strains of the same organism, thus containing a large number of partial* groups; polyvalent. mul'tiple [L. multiplex; ynulius, many, H- plica, fold.] Manifold, repeated several times; occurring in several parts at the same time, as m. arthritis, m. neuritis. multipo^lar [L. multus, many, + polus, pole.] Having more than two poles, noting a nerve cell in which the branches project from several points. multiroot'ed. Having more than two roots, noting a molar tooth. multirotation (mul-tl-ro-ta'shun) [L. multus, much, H- rotation. ] The phenomenon exhibited by cer- tain bodies, such as milk sugar, which rotate widely in the polarimeter when first disolved, but much less after standing or when heated to the boiling point. multiv'alence [L. multus, many, + valere, to have power.] The property of having a combining power of more than one atom of hydrogen. multiy'alent. 1 . In chemistry, having a combining power of more than one atom of hydrogen. 2. Efficacious In more than one direction, m. vac'- cine, a bacterial vaccine made from killed cultures of several strains of the same microorganism. mu'ma fe'ver [a Samoan word.] Myositis puru- lenta tropica. mummifica'tion [mummy + L. facere, to make.] i. Dry gangrene. :<. The shrivelling of a dead and retained fetus. 3. In dentistry, (i) dry gan- grene of the pulp of a tooth; (2) the condensation of a tooth pulp by means of astringents. mumps [Dialectic English mum-p, a lump or bump.] Epidemic parotitis, metastat'ic m., m. complicated by participation of the testis or the mamma in the morbid process. Munro's' point. A tender point at the right edge of the rectus abdominis muscle, between the umbilicus and the anterior superior spine of the ilium, in appendicitis. mu'ral [L. muralis; murus, wall.] Relating to the wall of any cavity. Murat's f rem'itus or symp'tom (mu-rS') . Subjective vocal fremitus, a vibration In the chest, perceived by the patient himself, when speaking. Mur'chison's pill [Charles Murchison, London phy-' sician, 1830-1879.] Apill of digitalis gr. -J (0.03). squill gr. lij- (o.i), and blue mass gr. 2 (0.13), employed in the treatment of dropsy. murezide (mu-reks'Id, or id) [L. murex, a marine gastropod furnishing a purple dye.] The ammo- nium salt of purpuric acid, formerly used as a dye, but superseded by the aniline colors, m. test, for uric acid; evaporate the suspected urine nearly to dryness on a water bath with a little nitric acid; when cool add carefully a little ammonia, when, if uric acid is present, a brilliant red color is produced. mu'riate [L. muria, brine.] The former term for chloride. muriat'ic [L. muria, brine] Hydrochloric, m. acid, acidum hydrochlorlcum. mur'mur [L.] Susurrus; a soft sound, like that made by a somewhat forcible expiration with the mouth open, heard on auscultation of the heart, Jungs, or blood-vessels, acciden'tal m., an evanescent cardiac m. not due to valvular lesion. ane'mic m., a non-valvular m. heard on ausculta- tion of the heart and large blood-vessels in cases of profound anemia, aor'tic m., one produced at the aortic orifice, either obstructive or regurgi- tant, arte'rial m., a m. heard on auscultating an artery, blood m,, hemic m. car'diac m., a m. produced within the heart, at one of its orifices, or In the pericardial sac. car^diopul'monaiy m., a m. synchronous with the cardiac systole, pro- duced In the lung by movement of air in a cavity or dilated bronchus, crescen'do m., a mitral presystolic (or systolic) m. which increases gradually in 'intensity and suddenly ceases, heard sometimes in mitral obstruction, diastol'ic m., one heard at the period of cardiac dilatation, or diastole, due usually to regurgitation at the aortic or pulmonary orifice, direct' m., obstructive m. endocar'dial m., one arising, from any cause, within the heart, ezocar'dial m., a pericardial friction m. func'tional m., a cardiac murmur not associated with valvular lesion, he'mic m., a cardiac or vascular m. heard in anemic persons who have no valvular lesion, due to an abnormal, usually anemic, condition of the blood, indirect' m., regurgitant m. inorgttn'ic m,, functional m. lapp'ing m., a sound like that of a cat lapping milk, heard sometimes when there is o. slit-like rupture of the aorta, mi'tral m., one produced at the mitral valve, either obstructive or regurgitant. mus'cular m., the sound produced by contracting muscular tissue, mu'sical m., a cardiac sound having a musical character, obstruc'tive m., one caused by narrowing of one of the valvular ori- fices, organ'ic m., a m. due to the presence of some lesion in the part auscultated, pericar'dial m., a friction sound, synchronous with the heart movements, heard in certain cases of pericarditis. prediastol'ic m., a m. heard in the interval between the ventricular systole and diastole, due to mitral or tricuspid obstruction or aortic or pul- monary regurgitation, presystol'ic m., one heard :URMUR 63s MUSCLE in the Interval between the pulmonary diastole and systole, due to obstruction at one of the atrioventricular orifices, pul'monaiy m., pul- mon'ic m., a m. produced at the pulmonary orifice of the heart, either obstructive or regur- gitant, regur'gitant m., one due to leakage or backward flow at one of the valvular orifices of the heart, see'saw m., to-and-fro m. sten'osal m., an arterial m. due to narrowing of the vessel from pressure or organic change, systol'ic m., a m. heard during the ventricular systole, due to obstruction at the aortic or pulmonary orifice or to regurgitation at one of the atrioventricular orifices, to-and-fro m., a pericardial m. heard with both the systole and the diastole of the heart, tricus'pid m., a m. produced at the tri- cuspid orifice, either obstructive or regurgitant. vas'cular m., one originating in a blood-vessel. ve'nous m., one heard over a vein, vesic'ular m., the normal respiratory sound heard on auscul- tation of the lungs. [ur'phy's butt'on [John Benjamin Murphy, Chicago surgeon, 1857-1916.] An appliance for Intestinal anastomosis; It consists of two hollow cylinders, one of which Is sutured into each open end of the Intestine; the two are then joined and fasten automatically, maintaining the two ends of Intestine in apposition by their serous surfaces; after firm union has occurred the cylinders slough away and are passed in the stools. M.'s Murphy's BrxTon. meth'od, (i) treatment of peritonitis, after opera- tionP by drainage from the lower part of the abdomen or the pelvis (this being favored by the Fowler position), and by continuous irrigation of the lower bowel with physiological saline solution, the irrigation being made so slowly as to secure the absorption of the fluid; (2) arterial suture by in- vagination of the ends of the vessel over a remov- able cylinder in two pieces. M.'s sign, pressure on an inflamed gall-bladder at the end of ex- piration causes a sudden arrest of inspiration. lurraln (mur'en) [Sp. morrina, cattle-plague.] An epidemic disease of cattle; epizootic, bloody m., Texas* fever. lurrina (moor-re'nah) [Sp. murria, heaviness of the head, or morrifia, cattle-plague (?)] A dis- ease of horses and mules (cattle seem to be im- mune), caused by the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma hippicum; it is marked by emacia- tion, weakness, anemia, edema, ecchymotic con- junctivitis, fever, and more or less pronounced pa- ralysis of the hind legs; called also derrengadera. lus [L. mouse.] Epimys, a genus of rats and mice of the family Muridce. M. decu'manus Nor- wegian rat, is the common ship or sewer rat; M. rattus is the plague rat of India. lus'ca [L. fly.] A genus of diptera or flies. M. domes'tica, the common house-fly. M. lute'ola, Auchmeromyia luteola. M. vomito'ria, blow-fly or flesh-fly. " luscssgenet'ic, musceegen'ic. Muscegenetlc. luscae ToUtantes (mus'se vol-1-tan'tSs) [L. flying flies.] An appearance as of moving spots before the eyes. lus'carlne [L. Agarlcus muscartus, fly-agaric] A crystalline alkaloid, CjHuNOj, present In the fly-agaric, in certain other poisonous mushrooms, and in putrefying fish. mus'carinjsm. Mushroom-poisoning. muscegenetlc, muscegen'ic (mus"e-jen-et'ik). Pro- ducing the phenomenon of muscae volitantes. muscicide (mus'si-sid) [L. musca, fly, -t- ccedere, to kill.] An agent destructive to flies. muscle (mus'l) [L. fnusculus.] One of the contrac- tile organs of the body by which the move- ments of the various organs and parts are effected. The typical muscle is a mass of fleshy tissue (venter or belly), attached at each extrem- ity, by means of a tendon, to a bone or other structure; the narrowing part of the belly which Is attached to the tendon of origin or Insertion is called the caput or head; the points of attach- ment of a muscle are called its origin and inser- tion, the attachment to the more movable part of the skeleton or to the part which is moved by contraction of the muscle being the insertion, the other the origin. The individual muscles are defined under muscidus. antagonis'tic muscles, those having an opposite function, the contrac- tion of one neutralizing that of the other, appen- dic'ular m., one of the skeletal muscles of the limbs, artic'ular m., joint-muscle, ax'ial m., one of the skeletal muscles of the trunk or head. bipenn'ate m., one having a central tendon to- ward which the fibers converge on either side hke the barbs of a feather, digas'tric m., one with two fleshy bellies separated by a fibrous inser- tion, fu'siform m., spindle-shaped, one which has a fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity. invol'untary m., smooth or unstraitedm. organ'ic m., unstraited m. penn'ate m., one which has a central or lateral tendon toward which the fibers run, from one or both sides, like the barbs of a feather, ri'der's muscles, the abduc- tor muscles of the thigh which come into play especially in horseback riding, skel'etal m., a muscle connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body; it may be an appendicular or an axial m. skew m., one which draws a part obliquely; or one which is deflected in its course, the belly of insertion and that of origin pulling in different planes, smooth m., unstrlated m. stri'ated m., striped m., one of the skeletal muscles. Including also the heart; voluntary m. ; see muscular tissue* synergis'tic muscles, muscles having a similar and mutually helpful function or action, unipenn'ate m., one with a lateral tendon to which the fibers are attached, like the half of a feather, unstri'ated m., unstriped m'., smooth, organic or involuntary m., one of the muscles of the internal organs, in- testines, blood-vessels, etc. vol'untary m., one whose action is under the control of the will ; all the striated muscles, except the heart, are volim- tary muscles. aiding another, synergist, congener, atrophy, amy- otrophy, myatrophy, myoatrophy, myodystrophy. bending a part, flexor, compressing a part, constrictor. contractility, myonicity. contraction, myospasis; con- tracture (permanent) ; myotonia, tetanus (continuous) ; myoclonia (intermittent); jactitation, myopalmus, myotyrbe, myoseism, chorea (irregular); dyscinesia (painful) ; crispation, hypocinesia (slight) ; hypercinesia (excessive), controlling an orifice, sphincter, descrip- tion, myography, disease, myopathy, myonosus. drawing away from midline, abductor, drawing to- ward midline, adductor, edema, myoedema. expell- ing a secretion, detrusor, ejaculator. fatty degenera- tion, myodemia, myoliposis. fibrillary contraction, myokymia, fibrous degeneration, myofibrosis, hardening, myosclerosis, harmonious action, coordina- tion, synergia. hernia through sheath, myocele. MUSCLE 636 MUSCULUS hypertrophy, jnyopachynsis. incision of, myotomy. inflammation, myitis, ^myositis, initis, sarcitis, poly- myositis (multiple), inharmonious action, incoordi- nation, ataxia, asynergia. instrument for recording movements, myograph, myochronograph. instrument for recording worlt, ergograph. jerldng, clonus, myo- clonus, jactitation, myoseism, chorea, myopalmus, myotyrbe. nomenclature, myonyxny. numbness, myonarcosis. nutrition of, myotrophy. opposing another, antagonist, pain, myalgia, myodynia, mjro- neuralgia, myorrheuma, neuromyalgia, paralysis myoparalysis.^ myoplegia, protein, myoprotein, myo- sin, myosinogen. protoplasm, sarcoplasm. rupture, myorrhexis, science relating to, myology, separa- tion of fibers, myodiastasis. sheath, fascia, epimysium; perimysium (of primary bundles) ; myolemma, sarco- lemma (of fibers), softening, myomalacia, sound of contractmg, myophonia, myocrismus. straightening a liart, extensor, strength, myodynamia. sugar, inosite. tumor, myoma, fibromyoma, myoneoplasm; leiomyoma, liomyoma, inoliomyoma (non-stnated) ; rhabdomyoma, inorhabdomyoma (striated), weak- ness, myasthenia, hypomyosthenia, amyosthenia, hypatonia. wrinkling the skin, corrugator. mus'cle-bound. The condition of one whose muscles have become hypertrophied and Inelastic from overexercise. muscle-case'. Muscle-compartment. muscle-cell'. Myocyte. muscle-col'umn. Sarcostyle, one of the longitu- dinal elements of a muscle-fiber, composed of a group of fibrils surrounded by sarcoplasm, the cross section of which shows the figures called Cohnheim's areas. muscle-compart'ment. The segment of a muscle column, between two Krause's membranes, enclosed In the sarcoplasm; myocoele. muscle-corpuscle (mus'l-kor'pus-l). The nucleus with adherent granular protoplasm in a muscle- fiber. mus'cle-curre. A myograph tracing. muscle-epithe'lium. Myoepithelium. muscle-fi'ber. One of the long cylindrical fibers, an Inch or more In length and about -j^^ Inch In diameter, composing voluntary muscular tissue. muscle-fi'bril. One of the fibrils or units composing a muscle-column a number of which are grouped to form a muscle-fiber. muscle -plasma (mus'l-plaz'mah). The fluid por- tion of muscular tissue. muscle-plate'. One of the sets into which the cells of the protovertebral somites are grouped, and from which the muscles are developed; each muscle-plate develops Into a myocomma.* muscle-rod'. One of the segments of a muscle- fibril between two Intermediate discs. muscle-se'rum. The fluid remaining after coagula- tion of expressed muscle-plasma. muscle-spin'dle. i . A fiber of striated muscle. 2 . A bundle of encapsuled muscle-fiber from which a number of sensory nerve-fibers take origin. mus'cular. Relating to a muscle or the muscles. m. tissue, see under tissue. muscula'ris [L. muscular.] The muscular coat of a Hollow organ or tubular structure, m. muco'sse, a layer of unstriped muscular tissue in mucous membrane. muscular'ity. The state or condition of having well developed muscles. mus'cularize. To change into muscle substance, as the partial conversion of cicatricial tissue after the healing of a wound of muscle. muscula'tion, mus'culature. The arrangement of the muscles in a part or In the body as a whole. mus'cuU. Plural of musculus, muscle. mus'cuUn. A globulin in muscle, coagulable by slight heat (47° C, 116.6° F.). musculocutaneous (mus"ku-lo-ku-ta'ne-us). Relat- ing to both muscle and skin, noting certain nerves which give off sensory fibers to the skin and motor fibers to the underlying muscles. musculomem'branous. Relating to both muscular tissue and membrane, noting certain muscles, such as the occlpltofrontalis, which are largely membranous. musculophren'ic. Relating to the muscular por- tion of the diaphragm, noting an artery supplying this part. musculospiral (mus"ku-lo-spi'ral). A term applied to the nervus radialis which supplies certain muscles of the arm and forearm and runs spirally across the back of the humerus, m. groove, sul- cus radialis, a groove passing obliquely downward on the posterior surface of the humerus, along which the m. nerve and the superior profunda artery run. musculoten'dinous. Relating to both muscular and tendinous tissues. mus'culus, gen. and pi. mus'culi [L. dim. of »««j(G. mys), a little mouse, from the fancied resemblance of a muscle in contraction to the movements of a mouse under a cloth.] Muscle. m. abduc'tor dig'iti quin'ti [BNA], m. abductor minimi digit!; origin, pisiform bone; insertion, inner side of base of ist phalanx of 'the litt\e finger; nerve supply, ulnar; action, abducts little finger. m. abduc'tor hallu'cis [BNA], origin, inner tubercle of OS calcls, internal annular ligament, and plantar fascia; inseiiion, inner side of ist phalanx of great toe; nerve supply, internal plantar; action, abduction of great toe. m. abduc'tor min'imi dig'iti, m. abductor digit! quint! [BNA]. m. abduc'tor pol'licis bre'vis [BNA], m. abductor pollicis; origin, ridge of trapezium (os multangulum majus) and anterior angular ligament; insertion, outer side of first phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median* action, abducts thumb. m. abduc'tor pol'licis lon'gus tBNA], m. extensor" cssis metacarpi pollicis; origin, posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; insertion, outer side of base of first metacarpal bone; n^rve supply, radial; action, abducts and assists in extending thumb. m. accelera'tor uri'nce, m. bulbocavemosus [BNA]. m. accesso'rius (ad sacrolumba'lem), m. iliocostalis dorsi[BNAl. m. adduc'tor bre'vis [BNA], origin, superior ramus of pubis; insertion, upper third of inner lip of linea aspera; nerve supply, obturator; action, adducts thigh, m. adduc'tor hallu'cis [BNA]; origin, by oblique head (caput obliquum) from external cuneiform and bases of 3d and 4th metatarsal bones, by transverse head (caput transversum) from the capsules of the outer four metatarsophalangeal joints; insertion, outer side of base of first phalanx of great toe; nerve supply • external plantar; action, adducts great toe. m. adduc'tor lon'gus [BNA], origin, symphysis and crest of pubis; insertion, middle third of inner tip of linea aspera; nerve supply, obturator; action, adducts thigh. m. adduc'tor mag'nus [BNA], origin, ischial tuber- osity and edge of pubic arch; insertion, linea aspera and internal epicondyle of femur; nerve supply, obtur- ator and sciatic; action, adducts thigh. m. adduc'tor min'imus [BNA], a small fiat muscle constituting the upper portion of the adductor magnus, inserted into space above linea aspera. m. adduc'tor obli'quus hallu'cis, oblique head (caput obliquum) of m. adductor hallucis [BNA]. m. adduc'tor obli'quus pol'licis, m. adductor pollicis [BNA]. m. adduc'tor pol'licis [BNA], m. adductor obliquus pollicis, origin, trapezium (multangulum majus) , trape- zoid (multangulum minus), os magnum (capitatum), and shaft of 3d metacarpal bone; insertion, inner side of base of ist phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, ulnar; action, adducts thumb. m. adduc'tor transver'sus hallu'cis, the transverse JSCULUS 637 MUSCULUS ead (caput transversum) of the m. adductor hallucis 3NA]. m. amyg^daloglcs'sus, a band of muscular fibers rising from alongside the tonsil and joining the palato- Lossus muscle. m. ancone'us, m. anconeus quartus; origin, back of eternal condyle of humerus; twser^ioM, olecranon proc- 5S and posterior surface of ulna; nerve supply, ra- ial (musculospiral) ; action, extends forearm. m. ancone'us lateralis, outer head of m. triceps rachil. m. ancone'us lon'gus, long head of m. triceps brachii. m. ancone'us xnedia'lis, inner head of m. triceps rachii. m. antitrag'icus [BNA], muscle of the antitragus, a and of transverse muscular fibers on the outer surface : the antitragus, arising from the border of the inter- agic notch and inserted into the anthelix and Cauda elicis. mus'culi arrecto'res pilo'rum [BNAJ, bundles of non- iriated muscular fibers, attached to the deep part of le hair follicles, passing outward, alongside the seba- ious glands to the papillary layer of the cerium. m. articula'ris ge'nu [BNA], m. subcrureus; origin, )wer fourth of anterior surface of shaft of femur; tsertion, synovial membrane of knee-joint; nerve apply, femoral (anterior crural); action, lifts capsule f knee-joint. m. aryepiglofticus [BNA], m. arytenoepiglottideus ; ortion of the arytsenoideus which is inserted into the ryepiglottic fold sometimes reinforced with inde- endent fibers from the cartilage of Santorini. m. arytenoid' eus obli'quus [BNA], origin, muscular rocess of arytenoid cartilage; insertion, summit of rytenoid cartilage of opposite side and the aryepiglot- c fold as far as the epiglottis; nerve supply, recurrent kryngeal; action, narrows rima glottidis. m. arytenoid' eus traasver'sus [BNA], a band of luscular fibers passing between the two arytenoid car- ilages posteriorly; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal; ction, narrows the rima glottidis. m. aryvoca'lis, a number of the deeper fibers of the a. thyreoarytenoideus intemus attached directly to the luter side of the true vocal cord. m. attol'Iens au'rem or attoriens auric'ulaxa (lifting Lp the auricle), tn. auricularis superior [BNA]. m. at'trahens au'rem or auric'ulam (dragging for- ward the auricle), m. auricularis anterior [BNA], m. auricula'ris ante'rior [BNA], m.. attrahens aurem )r auriculam, origin, superficial temporal fascia; nsertion, cartilage of auricle; action, draws pinna of ar forward; nerve supply, facial. m. auricula'ris poste'rior [BNA], m. retrahens aurem >r auriculam; origin, mastoid process; insertion, poste- ior portion of root of auricle; action, draws back the )inna; nerve supply, facial. m. auricula'ris supe'rior [BNA], m. attollens aurem >r auriculam; origin, galea aponeurotica ; insertion, ipper margin of root of auricle; action, raises pinna of ar; nerve supply, facial. m. az'ygos u'vulte, m. uvulae [BNA]. m. bi'ceps bra'chii [BNA], origin, long head (caput Dugum) from supraglenoidal tuberosity of scapula, hort head (caput breve) from coracoid process; inser- Ion. bicipital tubercle of radius; nerve supply, muscu- ocutaneous; action, fiexes and supinates forearm. m. bi'ceps fem'oris [BNA], m. biceps flexor cruris; yrigin, long head (caput longum) from tuberosity of schium, short head (caput breve) from lower half of )uter lip of linea aspera; insertion, head (capitulum) )f fibula; nerve supply, long head, tibial, short head, peroneal; action, flexes knee and rotates it outward. m. bi'ceps flex'or cni'ris, m. biceps femoris [BNA]. m. biven'ter cervi'cis, ih. spinalis capitis, which isually has a tendinous inscription, m. biven'ter mandiVuleCf m. digastricus. m. brachia'lis [BNA], m. brachialis anticus; origin, ower two-thirds of anterior surface of humerus; inser- ion, coronoid process of ulna; nerve supply, musculo- mtaneous and (usually) radial (musculospiral); action, ie*es forearm. m, brachioradialis [BNA], m. supinator longus; wtgtw, external supracondyloid ridge of humerus; '•nsertion, front of base of styloid process of radius; nerve supply, radial (musculospiral); action, flexes forearm and assists slightly in supination. m. broncho oesophage'us [BNA], muscular fasciculi, arising' from the wall of the 'eft bronchus, which rein- force the musculature of the esophagus. m. buccina'tor (cheek muscle) [BNA], origin, buc- cinator ridge of mandible, posterior portion of alveolar process of maxilla, and pterygomandibular ligament or raphe; insertion, orbicularis oris at angle of mouth; action, flattens cheek, retracts angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial. m. buccopharynge'us [BNA], portion of m. constric- tor pharyngis superior arising from the pterygomandibu- lar ligament. m. bulbocaverno'sus [ BNA] , ejaculator seminis , ejaculator or accelerator urinse, sphincter vaginse; origin, central point of the perineum; insertion, in the male, under surface of triangular ligament, membrane covering the corpus cavemosum urethrae, and fascia of the dorsum of the penis; nerve supply, pM-dic, action, constricts bulbous urethra; in the female it divides and passes on either side of the vagina and urethra to be inserted into the root of the clitoris, acting slightly as a sphincter of the vagina. m. cani'nus (canine) [BNA], m. levator anguli oris; origin, canine fossa of maxilla; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin at angle of mouth; action, raises angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial. m. cephalopharynge'us, m. constrictor pharyngis superior. m. ceratocricoid'eus [BNA], a fasciculus from the m. cricoarytaenoideus posterior inserted into the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. m. ceratopharynge'us [BNA], m. keratopharyngeus, portion of the constrictor pharyngis medius arising from the greater comu of the hyoid bone. m. cervica'lis ascen'dens, iliocostalis cervicis [BNA]. m. chondroglos'sus [BNA], muscular fibers occa- sionally separated from the hyoglossus, but usually forming part of it, m. chondropharynge'us [B N A], portion of the m. con- strictor pharyngis medius arising from the lesser comu of the hyoid bone. m. cilia'ris, (i) [BNA] Bowman's muscle, a circular band of non-striated fibers on the outer surface of the chorioid, between that and the iris; it consists of circular fibers (fibrae circulares [BNA], or Meier's muscle) and radiating fibers (fibree nieridionaIes[BNA], or Brucke's muscle); (2) a separate bundle of the m. orbicularis in the margin of the lids. m. circumflex'us pala'ti, m. tensor veli palatini [BNA]. m. clei*doepitro''chlea'ris, the anterior portion of the deltoid, arising from the clavicle. m. cleidomastoid'eus, the portion of the sternocleido- mastoid muscle passing between the clavicle and the mastoid process. m. cleido-occipita'lis, the portion of the sterno- cleidomastoid muscle between the clavicle and the superior curved line of the occipital bone. m. coccyge'us [BNA], m. ischiococcygeus; origin, spine of ischium and sacrospinous (small sacrosciatic) ligament; insertion, sides of lower part of sacrum and upper part of coccyx; nerve supply, 3d and 4th sacral; action, assists in raising and supporting pelvic floor. m.. complex' us, m. semispinalis capitis [BNA]. m. complez'us mi'nor, m. longissimus capitis [BNA], m. compres'sor na'rium (compressor of the nostrils) , pars transversa of nasalis [BNA]; origin, superior maxilla beneath the levator labii alaeque nasi; insertion, aponeurosis over bridge of nose; action, narrows nos- trils; nerve supply, facial. m. compres'sor ure'thrae, m. sphincter urethrsa membranaceae [BNA]. m. constric'tor pharyn'gis infe'rior [BNA], origin, outer surfaces of thyroid and cricoid cartilages; inser^ Hon, posterior portion of wall of pharynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, narrows lower part of pharynx in swallowing. m. constric'tor pharyn'gis me'dius [BNA], origin, stylohyoid ligament and both cornua of the hyoid bone; insertion, middle of the posterior wall of the pharynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, narrows pharynx in the act of swallowing. MUSCULUS 638 MUSCULUS' m. constric'tor pharyn'gis supe'rior [BNA], m, cepha- lopharyngetis; origin, internal pterygoid plate, ptery- gomandibular ligament, and mylohyoid ridge of mandible and mucous membrane of floor of the mouth ; insertion, posterior wall of pharynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, narrows pharynx. m. constric'tor ure' three, m. sphincter urethrae mem.- branaceae [BNA], m. coracobrachia'Us[BNAI. origin, coracoid process of scapula; insertion^ middle of inner border of humerus ; nerve supply, musculocutaneous action, raises arm, m, corruga'tor cu'tis a'ni, unstriped muscular fibers radiating from the anal opening superficial to the external sphincter. m, corruga'tor supercil'ii (wrinkler of eyebrow), origin from orbital portion of orbicularis ocuH and nasal prominence; insertion, skin of eyebrow; action, draws inner angle of eyebrow downward and wrinkles forehead vertically; nerve supply, facial. m. cremas'ter (suspended) [BNA], origin, from obli- quus internus and Poupart's ligaTnent', insertion, cre- masteric fascia and spine of pubis; action, raises testicle; nerve supply, genitocrural; in the male the muscle envelops the spermatic cord and testis, in the f em.ale the round ligament of the uterus. m. cricoarytEenoid'eus latera'lis [BNA], origin, up- per margin of arch of cricoid cartilage ; insertion, mus- cular process of arytenoid; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal; action, narrows rima glottidis. m. cricoaryteenoid'eus poste'rior [BNA], origin, de* pression on posterior surface of lamina of cricoid; in- sertion, muscular process of gricoid; nervesupply, recur- rent laryngeal; action, widens rima glottidis. m.' cricopharynge'us [BNA], portion of the constric- tor pharyngis inferior arising from the cricoid cartilage, m. cricothyreoid'eus [BNA], origin, anterior surface of arch of cricoid; insertion, pars recta [BNA], anterior of oblique part, passes upward to ala of thyroid, pars obliqua [BNA], posterior or horizontal part, passes more outward to inferior comu of thyroid; nerve supply, superior laryngeal; action, makes vocal cords tense, m. crure'us, m. vastus intermedius [BNA]. m. cuculla'ris (forming a hood), m. trapezius [BNA]. m. deltoid'eus [BNA], origin, outer third of clavicle, outer border of acromion process, lower border of spine of scapula; insertion, outer side of shaft of humerus a little above its middle; nerve supply, circumflex from Sth and 6th cervical through brachial plexus; action, abduction, flexion, extension, and rotation of arm, m. depres'sor a'lae na'si (depressor of the wing of the nose), pars alaris of m. nasalia [BNA]; origin, upper portion of incisor fossa of maxilla; insertion, ala of nose and cartilaginous septum; nerve supply, facial. m. depres'sor an'guli o'ris (depressor of the angle of the mouth), m. triangularis [BNA]. m. depres'sor la'bii inferior'is (depressor of the lower lip), m. quadratu^ labii inferioris [BNA], m. depres'sor sep'ti (depressor of the septum) [BNA], a vertical fasciculus from the m. orbicularis oris passing upward along the median line of the upper lip , and inserted into the cartilaginous septum of nose; the septal insertion of the depressor alee nasi. m. depres'sor ure'thrse, a band of fibers of the m. sphincter urethrae membranacese passing over the urethra, m. detru'sor uri'Qee, the external longitudinal layer of the muscular coat of the bladder. m. diaphrag'ma* origin, ensiform cartilage, 7th to 12th ribs, external and internal arcuate ligaments, and lumbar vertebrae; insertion, central tendon; action, increases capacity of chest; nerve supply, phrenic. m. digas'tricus (two-bellied) [BNA], m. biventer mandibulze, consists of two bellies united by a central tendon which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone; origin by posterior belly from digastric groove beneath mastoid process; insertion by anterior belly into lower border of mandible near sym.physis; action, posterior belly helps to fix hyoid bone, anterior belly depresses jaw; nerve supply, posterior belly from facial, anterior belly by mylohyoid from third division of trigeminus. m.. dilata'tor pupiU'ee [BNA], the radial muscular fibers extending from the sphincter pupillse to the ciliary margin; some anatomists regard them as elastic, not muscular, in man. m. ejacula'tor sem'inis, m. bulbocavemosus [BNAJ. m. epicra'nius [BNA], m. occipitofrontalis, the scalp muscle, formed of two bellies, the frontalis and the occipitalis, and a central aponeurosis, the galea aponeurotica. m, epitroch"leoancone'us [BNA], an occasional muscle arising from the back of the internal condyle of the humerus, and inserted into the inner side of the olecranon process, m. erec'tor clitor'idis, m. ischiocavemosus [BNA]. m. erec'tor pe'nis, m. ischiocavemosus [BNA]. m. erec'tor spi'nae (erector of the spine), m. sacro- spinalis [BNA]. m. exten'sor bre'vis digito'rum, m. extensor digfitorum brevis[BNA]. m. exten'sor bre'vis pol'licis, m. extensor pollicis brevis[BNAI. m. exten'sor car'pi radia'Iis bre'vis [BNA] or bre'vior, ra.dialis extemus brevis; origin, external epicondyle of humerus; insertion, base of third metacarpal bone; nerve supply, radial (musculospiral) ; action, extends and abducts wrist. m. exten'sor car'pi radia'Iis lon'gus [BNA] or lon'gior, m. radialis extemus longus; origin, external supra- condyloid ridge of humerus; insertion, back of base of second metacarpal bone; nerve supply, radial (musculo- spiral); action, extend? and abducts wrist. m. exten'sor car'pi ulna'ris [ BNA] , m. ulnaris extemus; origin, external epicondyle of humerus; insertion, base of fifth metacarpal bone; nerve supply, radial (dorsal interosseous) ; action, extends and abducts wrist. m. exten'sor coccy'gis, m, sacrococcygeus posticus; origin, posterior surface of the last segment of the sacnun; insertion, tip of coccyx; nerve supply, posterior primary division of sacral Spinal; action, is a rudiment of the extensor muscle of the caudal vertebrae in the lower animals. m. exten'sor commu'nis digito'rum^ m. extensor digitorum communis [BNA], m. exten'sor dig'iti quin'ti pro'prius [BNA], m. extensor minimi digiti; origin, external epicondyle of humerus; insertion, dorsum of first phalanx of little finger; nerve supply, radial (dorsal interosieous) ; action, extends little finger. m. exten'sor digito'rum bre'vis [BNAJ, m. extensor brevis digitorum; origin, dorsal surface of os calcis (calcaneus); insertion, by four tendons fusing with those of the extensor longus, and by a slip attached independently to the base of the ist phalanx of the great toe; nerve supply, deep peroneal; action, extends toes. m. exten'sor digito'rum commu'nis [BNA], m. extensor communis digitorum; origin, external epi- condyle of humerus; nsertion, by four tendons (nto the backs of ist and 2d and base of terminal phalanges; nerve supply, rsL&iaX (dorsal interosseous); action, ex- tends fingers. m. exten'sor digito'rum lon'gus [BNA], m. extensor longus digitorum; origin, extemal tuberosity of tibia, upper two-thirds of anterior surface of fibula; inser- tion, by four tendons to the dorsal surfaces of the ad to Sth toes; nerve supply, deep branch of peroneal; action, extends the four outer toes. m. exten'sor hallu'cis bre'vis [BNA], the inner belly of the extensor digitorum brevis, the tendon of which is inserted into the base of the first phalanx of the great toe. m. exten'sor hallu'cis longus [BNA], m. extensor proprius hallucis; origin, front of tibia and interosseous membrane; insertion, base of terminal phalanx of great tOe; action, extends the great toe; nerve supply, anterior tibial. m. exten'sor in'dicis pro'prius [BNA], m. extensor indicis, indicator muscle; origin, dorsal surface of ulna; insertion, dorsum of ist phalanx of index finger; nerve supply, radial; action, assists in extending the fore- finger. m. exten'sor lonfgus digito'rum, m. extensor digito- rum longus [BNA]. m. exten'sor lon'gus pol'licis, m. extensor pdllicis longus [BNAJ. m. exten'sor min'imi dig'iti, vo^ extensor digiti quinti proprius [BNA]. lUSCULUS 639 MUSCULUS m. eiten'sor os'sis metacar'pi pol'licis, m. abductor poUicis longus [BNA]. jn. eiten'sor pol'licis bre'vis [BNA], m. extensor primi intemodii poUicis; origin, dorsal surface of radius; insertion, base of ist phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, radial; action, extends and abducts ist phalanx of thumb. m. eiten'sor poriicis loa'gus [BNAI.m. extensor secundi intemodii pollicis; origin, posterior surface of ulna; insertion, base of 2d phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, radial; action, extends terminal phalanx of thumb. m. ezten'sor pri'mi intemo'dii poriicis, m. extensor pollicis brevis [BNA]. m. ezten'sor pro'prius hallu'cis, m. extensor hallucis longus [BNA]. m. exten'sor secun'di intemo'dii pol'licisp m. extensor pollicis longus [BNA]. m. flez'or accesso'rius digito'rum, m. quadratus plants [BNA]. m. flex' or accesso'rius lon'gus pe'dis, m. quadratus plants [BNA]. m. flex'or bre'vis digito'rum, m. flexor digitorum brevis [BNA]. m. flei'or bre'vis hallu'cis, m. flexor hallucis brevis [BNA]. m. flei'or bre'vis min'imi dig'iti, m. flexor digiti quinti brevis [BNA]. m. flei'or car'piradia'lis[BNA],m. radialisintemus; origin, internal condyle of humerus; insertion, anterior surface of bases of adand 3d metacarpal bones; nerve supply, median; action, flexes and abducts wrist. m. flei'or car'pi ulna'ris [BNA], m. ulnaris intemus; origin, humeral head (caput humerale) from internal condyle of humerus, ulnar head (caput ulnare) from olecranon process and upper three-fifths of posterior border of ulna; insertion, pisiform bone; nerve supply, ulnar; action, flexes and adducts wrist. m. flei'or dig'iti quin'ti bre'vis [BNA] (of the foot), origin, base of metatarsal bone of the little toe and sheath of peroneus longus; insertion, outer side of base of flrst phalanx of little toe. m. flei'or dig'iti quin'ti bre'vis[BNA] (of the hand), m. flexor brevis minimi digiti; origin, hamulus of unciform (hamate) bone; insertion, inner side of ist phalanx of little finger; nerve supply, ulnar; action, flexes 1st phalanx of Httle finger. m, flei'or digito'rum bre'vis [BNA], m. flexor brevis digitorum; origin, internal tubercle of os calcis (cal- caneus) and central portion of plantar fascia; insertion, second phalanges of four outer toes by tendons per- forated by .those of the flexor longus; nerve supply, internal plantar; action, flexes toes. m. flei'or digito'rum lon'gus [BNA], m. flexor longus digitorum; origin, middle third of posterior surface of tibia; insertion, by four tendons, perforating those of the flexor brevis, into bases of terminal phalanges of four outer toes; nerve supply, tibial; actiont flexes 2d to 5th toes. m. flei'or digito'rum profim'dus [BNA], m. flexor profundus digitorum; origin, anterior surface of upper third of ulna; iTtsertion, hy four tendons, piercing those of the sublimis, into base of terminal phalanx of each finger; nerve supply, ulnar and median (volar inter- osseous); action, flexes terminal phalanges of fingers. m. flei'or digito'rum subli'mis [BNA], m. flexor sublimis digitorum; origin, humeral head (caput humerale) from the internal condyle of the humerus, ulnar head (caput ulnare) from tfie inner border of the coronoid process, radial head (caput radiale) from the oblique line and middle third of the ouier border of the radius; insertion, by four split tendons, passing to either side of the profundus tendons, into sides of 2d phalanx of each flnger; nerve supply, median; action flexes middle phalanges of the fingers. m. flei'or hallu'cis bre'vis [BNA], m. flexor brevis hallucis; origin, inner surface of cuboid and middle and external cuneiform bones; insertion, by two tendons, embracing that of the flexor longus hallucis, into the sides of the base of the ist phalanx of the great toe; nerve supply, internal and external plantar; action, flexes great toe. m. flei'or hallu'cis lon'gus [BNA], m. flexor longus hallucis; origin, lower two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula; insertion, base of ungual phalanx of great toe; nerve supply, tibial; action, flexes great toe. m. flei'or lon'gus digito'rum, m. flexor digitorum longus [BNA]. m. flei'or lon'gus hallu'cis, m. flexor hallucis longus [BNA]. m. flei'or lon'gus pol'licis, m. flexor pollicis longus [BNA]. m. flei'or os'sis metacar'pi pol'licis, m. opponens poUicis [BNA]. m. flei'or pol'licis bre'vis [BNA], origin, superficial portion from annular ligament of wrist, deep portion from ulnar side of first metacarpal bone ; insertion, base of 1st phalanx of thumb.' m. flei'or pol'licis lon'gus [BNA], m. flexor longus pollicis; origin, anterior surface of middle third of radius; insertion, terminal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median (volar interosseous) ; action, flexes terminal phalanx of thumb. m,. flei'or profun'dus digito'rum, m. flexor digitorum profundus [BNA], m. flei'or subli'mis digito'rum, m. flexor digitorum sublimis [BNA], m. fronta'lis [BNA], anterior portion of epicranius; origin, frontal bone above supraorbital line; insertion, galea aponeurotica; action, pulls scalp forward, wrin- kles forehead; nerve supply, facial. m. gastrocne'mius [BNA], origin, by outer and inner heads (caput laterale and caput mediale) from the external and internal condyles (epicondyles) of the femur; insertion, with soleus by tendo Achillis into lower half of posterior surface of os calcis (tuberosity of cal- caneus); nerve supply, tibial; action, plantar flexion of foot. m. gemel'lus infe'rior [BNA], origin, tuberosity of ilium; insertion, tendon of obturator intemus; nerve supply and action same as of obturator internus. m. gemel'lus supe'rior [BNA], origin, ischial spine and margin of lesser sciatic notch; insertion, tendon of obturator intemus; nerve supply and action same as of the obturator intemus. m. genioglos'sus [BNA], m. geniohyoglossus, one of the paired lingual muscles; origin, mental spine of the mandible; insertion, lingual fascia beneath the mucous membrane, body of hyoid, and epiglottis; nerve supply, hypoglossal; action, elevates the hyoid bone, protrudes and retmcts the tongue. m. geniohyoid'eus [BNA], origin, mental spine of mandible; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, draws hyoid forward, or depresses jaw when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, fibers from ist and 2d cervical accom- panying hypoglossal. m. glossopalati'nus [BNA], m. palatoglossus; forms anterior pillar of fauces; origin, under surface of soft palate; insertion, side of tongue; nerve supply, pharyn- geal plexus; action, raises back of tongue and narrows fauces. m. glossopharynge'us [BNA], portion of m. constric- tor pharyngis superior arising from the mucous mem- brane of the floor of the mouth. m. glute'us mai'imus [BNA], origin, dorsum ilii above superior curved line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, and great sacrosciatic ligament; insertion, iliotibial band of fascia lata and gluteal ridge of femur; nerve supply, inferior gluteal; action, extends thigh. m. glute'us me'dius [BNA], origin, dorsum ilii be- tween middle and superior curved lines; insertiont outer surface of great trochanter; nervesupply, superior gluteal; action, abducts and rotates thigh. m. glute'us min'imus [BNA], origin, dorsum ilii be- tween middle and inferior curved lines; insertion, great trochanter of femur; nerve supply, superior gluteal; action, abducts thigh, m. glute'us quar'tus, m. scansorius. m. grac'ilis [BNA], origin, rami of pubis near sym- physis; insertion, shaft of tibia below inner tuberosity; nerve supply, obturator; action, adducts thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg inward. m. hel'icis ma'jor [BNA], large muscle of the helix, a narrow band of muscular fibers on the anterior border of the helix arising from the spine and inserted at the point where the helix becomes transverse. m. hel'icis'mi'nor [BNA], smaller muscle of the helix, a band of oblique fibers covering the crus helicis. MUSCULUS 640 MUSGULUS m. hyoglos'sus [BNA], origin, body and great cornu of hyoid bone; insertion, side of the tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal; aciicm, retracts and pulls down side of tongue. m. hyopharynge'us, m. constrictor pharyngia mediua [BNA]. m. ili'acus [BNA], origin, margin of iliac fossa; inser- tion, tendon of psoas, anterior surface of lesser tro- chanter, and capsule of hip-joint; nerve supply, lumbar plexus; action, flexes thigh and rotates it inward. m, iiracus mi'nor, the external fibers of the m. iliacus inserted into the capsule of the hip- joint ; they are sometimes distinctly separate from the rest of the muscle. m. Uiocapsula'riSt m. iliacus minor. m. iliocosta'lis [BNA], the outer division of the m. sacrospinalis, having three subdivisions: i. lumborum (sacrolumbalis) , i. dorsi, and i. cervicis (cervicalis ascendens). m. iliocosta'lis cervi'cis (iliocostal of the neck) [BNA], m. cervicalis ascendens; origin, angle o middle and upper ribs; insertion, transverse processes of middle cervical vertebras; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, branches of cervical. m, iliocosta'lis dor'si [BNA], origin, inner side of angles of 12th to 7th ribs; insertion, angles of 6th to ist ribs and transverse processes of 7th cervical vertebra; action, keeps dorsal spine erect; nerve supply, branches of dorsal. m. iliocosta'lis limibo'rum (iliocostal of the loins) [BNA], m. sacrolumbalit ; o?tgin, with sacrospinalis; insertion into the angles of 5th to 12th ribs; action, extends Imnbar spine; nerve supply, branches of dorsal and lumbar. m. iliopso'as[BNA], a compound muscle, consisting of the iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor. m. incisi'vus la'bii inferior'is [BNA], inferior incisive bundle of origin of orbicularis oris. m. incisi'vus la'bii superior'is [BNA], superior incisive bundle of origin of orbicularis oris. m. incisu'rsB hel'icis [BNA], muscle of the notch of the helix, Santorini's muscle, m. intertragicus. m. iafracosta'lis* pi. infracosta'les^ m. subcostalis [BNA]. m. infraspina'tus [BNA], origin, infraspinous fossa of scapuia: insertion, middle facet of great tuberosity of humerus; nerve supply, suprascapular from 5th and Cth cervical; action^ draws arm backward' and rotates _ outward. m. intercosta'lls exter'nus, pi. inter casta' les exter'ni [BNA] each arises from lower border of one rib and passes obliquely downward and inward to be inserted into the upper border of rib below; action, expands chest; nerve supply, intercostal. m. intercosta'lis inter'nus, pi. intercosta'les inter'ni [BNA], each arises from lower border of rib and passes obliquely downward and outward to be inserted into upper border of rib below; action, expands chest; nerve supply, intercostal, m. interos'seus dorsa'lis ma'nus, pi. interos'sei dor- sa'les [BNA], four in number; origin, sides of meta- carpal bones; insertion, ist phalanges, ist on radial side of index, 2d on radial side of middle finger, 3d on ulnar side of same finger, 4th on ulnar side of ring finger; nerve supply, ulnar; action, abducts index, abducts or adducts middle finger, adducts ring finger. m. interos'seus dorsa^'Us pe'dis, pi. interos'sei dor- sa'les [BNA], four muscles; origin, by two heads each from the shafts of the adjacent metatarsal bones; in- sertion, 1st into tibial, 2d into fibular side of ist phalanx of 2d toe, 3d and 4th into fibular side of ist phalanx of 3d and 4th toes; nerve supply, external plantar; action, ist adducts 2d toe; 2d, 3d, and 4th abduct 2d, 3d, and 4th toes. m. interos'seus palma'ris, pi. interos'sei palma'res, xn. interosseus volaris [BNA], m. interos'seus planta'ris^ pi. interos'sei planta'res [BNA], three muscles; origin, the tibial side of the 3d, 4th, and sth metatarsal bones; insertion, correspond- ing side of ist phalanx of the same toes; nerve supply, external plantar; action, adducts three outer toes. m. interos'seus vola'ris, pi, interos'sei vola'res [ B NA], m. interosseus palmaris, three in number; origin, ist from ulnar side of 2d metacarpal, ad and 3d from radial sides of 4th and 5th metacarpals; insertion, ist into ulnar side of index, 2d and 3d into radial sides of ring and little fingers; nerve supply, ulnar; action, adducts index finger, abducts ring and little fingers. m. interspina'lis, pi. inter spina' les [BNA], one of a series of short muscles developed chiefiy in the cervical region; origin^ spine of one vertebra; insertion, spine of vertebra above; action, support and extend vertebral column, especially the neck; nerve supply, posterior branches of spinal. m. intertransversa'rius, -pi. intertransversa'rii [BNA], m. intertransversalis, one of four sets of short muscles; in the neck the anteriotes and posteriores run between the anterior and the posterior tubercles, respectively, of the transverse processes of contiguous vertebise; in the lumbar region the laterdles run between the trans- verse processes, the mediales between the accessory and mammillary processes; action, support and flex vertebral column laterally; nerve supply, posterior branches of the spinal. m. ischiocaverno'sus [BNA], m. erector penis (or clitoridis); origin, tuberosity of ischium and great sacrosciatic ligament; insertion, corpus cavemosum penis (or clitoridis) ; nerve supply, perineal; action^ maintains the penis, or clitoris, erect. m. ischiococcyge'us, in. coccygeus [BNA]. m. keratopharynge'us, m. ceratopharyngeus [BNA]. m. laryngopharynge'us, m. constrictor phar^gis inferior [BNA]. m. latis'simus col'li [L. broadest of the neck], m. platysma [BNA]. m. latis'simus dor'si (broadest of the back) [BNA], origin, spinous processes of lower s or 6 thoracic and the lumbar vertebrse, median ridge of sacrum, and outer tip of iliac crest; insertion, with teres major into posterior lip of bicipital groove of humerus; action, adducts arm, rotates it inward, and carries it backward; nerve supply, thoracodorsal from brachial plexus. m. leva'tor a'lse na'si, portion of caput angulare quadrati labii superioris [BNA], alar insertion of levator labii superioris akeque nasi. m. leva'tor an' gull o'ris, m. caninus [BNA]. m. leva'tor an'guU scap'ule (raiser of the angle of the shoulder-blade), m. levator scapulas [BNA], m. leva'tor a'ni [BNA], origin, back of pubis, pelvic fascia, spine of ischium; insertion, central point of perineum, external sphincter ani, sides of the lower part of the sacrum and of coccyx; nerve supply, pudic and 3d and 4th sacral; action, chiefiy draws the anus upward in defecation, also aids in the support of the pelvic floor. m. leva'tor cos'tse, pi. levato'res costa'rum [BNA], the levatores costarum breves arise from the transverse processes of last cervical and eleven thoracic vertebrBe and are inserted into ribs next below, between angle and tubercle; the levatores costarum long! are inserted into the second rib below their origin; action, raise ribs; nerve supply, intercostal. m. leva'tor glan'dulee thyreoid'ese (elevator of the thyroid gland) [BNA], a fasciculus occasionally passing from the thyreohyoideus muscle to the isthmus of the thyroid gland. m. leva'tor la'bii inferio'ris (elevator of the lower lip), m. mentalis [BNA]. m. leva'tor la'bU superio'ris (elevator of the upper lip), caput infraorbitale quadrati labii superioris[BNAl, origin, maxilla below infraorbital foramen; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, expressed in name; nerve supply, facial. m. leva'tor la'bii superio'ris alee'que na'si (elevator of the upper lip . and wing of the nose) , caput angulare quadrati labii superioris [BNA], origin, root of nasal process of maxilla; insertion, ala of nose and orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, expressed by name; nerve supply, facial. m. leva'tor men'ti (elevator of the chin), m. mentalin [BNA]. m. leva'tor pala'ti, m. levator veli palatini. m. leva'tor palpe'brse superio'ris [BNA], origin, under surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, above and anterior to the optic foramen; insertion, upper margin of the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid; nerve supply, oculomotorius; action, raises the upper eyelid. m. leva'tor scap'ulfle (raiser of the shoulder-blade) [BNA], m. levator anguliscapul£e;ori£fn from posterior MUSCULUS 641 MUbCULUS tubercles of transverse processes of four upper cervical veitebree, insertion into superior angle of scapula; action, raises the posterior angle of the scapula; nerve supply, dorsal scapular from bronchial plexus. m. leva'tor ve'li palati'ni [BNA], m. levator palati; origin, apex of petrous portion of temporal bone and lower part of cartilaginous Eustachian tube; insertion, aponeurosis of soft palate; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, raises soft palate. in. longis'simus cap'itis (longest of the head) (BNA], in. trachelomastoideus, m. transversalis capitis, m. complexus minor; origin, from transverse processes of upper thoracic and transverse and articular processes of lower and middle cervical vertebrse; insertion into mastoid process; action, keeps head erect, draws it backward or to one side; nerve stipplyt branches of cervical. m. longis'simus cervi'cis (longest of the neck) [BNA], m. transversalis colli or cervicis, continuation of m. longissimus dorsi; origt«, transverse process of upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion, transverse processes of middle and upper cervical vertebrae; action, extends cervical spine; nerve stipply, branches of lower cervical and upper dorsal. m. longis'simus dor'si (longest of the back) [BNA], origin with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebras; insertion by outer slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse ' i>rocesses of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by inner slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic ver- tebrse; action, extends spinal column; nerve supply, dorsal and lumbar. m. longitudina'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior lingual, an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, cylindrical in shape, occupying the under part on either side. m. longitudina'lis supe'rior [BNA], superficial lingual, an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, running from base to tip on the dorsum just beneath the mucous mem- brane. m. lon'gus cap'itis (long of the head) [BNA], m. rectus capitis anticus major; origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of 3d to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, twists or bends neck forward; nerve supply, cervical plexus. m. lon'gus col'li (long of the neck) [BNA], vertical portion arises from the bodies of the 3d thoracic to the Sth cervical vertebrse and is inserted into the bodies of the 2d to 4th cervical vertebrse; upper oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse proc- esses of the 3d to sth cervical vertebrae and is inserted into the anterior tubercle of the atlas; the lower oblique Portion arises from the bodies of the ist to 3d thoracic vertebrae and is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the sth and 6th cervical vertebrse; action, twists and bends neck forward; nerve supply, anterior branches of cervical. m. lumbrica'lis ma'nus, pi. lumbrica'les ma'nus [ BNA], four in number; origin, the two outer, or radial, from the radial side of the tendons of the flexor digi- torum profundus going to the index and middle fingers, the two inner, or ulnar, from the adjacent sides of the 2d and 3d, and 3d and 4th tendons; insertion, radial side of zst phalanx and extensor tendon on dorsum of each of the four fingers; nerve supply, the two radial by the median, the two ulnar by the ulnar; action, flex the ist and extend the 2d and 3d phalanges. m, lumbrica'lis pe'dis, pi. lumbrica'les pe^dis [BNA], four muscles; origin, ist from tibial side of tendon to 2d toe of flexor digitorum longus, 2d, 3d, and 4th from adjacent sides of all four tendons of this muscle; insertion, bases of ist phalanx of the four outer toes in the same way as the lumbricales of the hand; nerve supply, external and internal plantar; action, fiex the ist and extend the 2d and 3d phalanges. m. masse'ter (chewer) [BNA], origin, inner surface and anterior two-thirds of lower border of zygoma; »«- sertion, outer surface of ramus and coronoid process of mandible; action', closes jaw; nerve supply, branch of third division of trigeminus. m. menta'lis (chin muscle) [B NA], m. levator labii in- ferioris, m, menti ; origin, incisor fossa of mandible ; inser~ 41 tion, skin of chin; action raises and wrinkles skin of chin and pushes up lower Hp; nerve supply, facial. m. multifidus (much divided) [BNA], m. multifidus spinse; origin from, the sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebree, trans- verse processes of thoracic vertebrse, and articular processes of last four cervical vertebrse; insertion into the spines of all the vertebrae up to and including the axis; action, rotates vertebral column*, nerve supply, posterior divisions of spinal. m. mylohyoid'eus [BNA], origin, mylohyoid line of mandible; insertion, upper border of hyoid bone and raphe separating muscle fromitsfellow; action, elevates floor of mouth and the tongue, depresses jaw when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, mylohyoid from third division of trigeminus. m. mylopharynge'us [BNA], portion of m. constrictor pharyngis superior arising from the mylohyoid ridge of the mandible. m. nasa'lis [BNA], consists of two portions: pars transversa, compressor narium, and pars alaris, depressor ake nasi. m. obli'quus auric'ulsef oblique muscle of the auricle, a thin band of oblique muscular fibers extending from the upper part of the eminentia conchas to the con- vexity of the helix, running across the groove corre- sponding to the crus anthelicis inferior. m. obli'quus cap'itis infe'rior (inferior oblique of the head) [BNA], origin, spine of axis; insertion, transverse process of the atlas; action, rotates head; nerve supply, suboccipital. m. obli'quus cap'itis supe'rior (superior oblique of the head) [BNA], origin, transverse process of atlas; insertion, outer third of inferior curved line of occipital bone; action, rotates head; nerve supply, suboccipital. m. obli^quus exter'nus abdom'inis [BNA], origin, 5th to 12th ribs; insertion, anterior half of outer Up of iliac crest, Poupart's ligament, and anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus; action, diminishes capacity of abdomen, draws thorax downward; nerve supply, lower thoracic. m. obli'quus infe'rior [BNA], origin, orbital plate of maxilla external to the lacrymal groove ; insertion, outer part of sclerotic between the superior and external recti; nerve supply, oculomotorius ; action, rotates the eyeball on its anteroposterior axis. m. obli'quus inter'nus abdom'inis [BNA], origin, outer half of Poupart s ligament, anterior half of crest of ilium, and lumbar fascia; insertion, loth to 12th ribs and sheath of rectus, some of the fibers from Poupart's ligament terminate in the falx inguinalis; action, diminishes capacity of abdomen, bends thorax for- ward; nerve supply, lower thoracic, m. obli'quus supe'rior [BNA], origin, above the inner margin of the optic foramen; insertion, by a tendon passing through the trochlea, or pulley, and then reflected backward, downward, and outward to the sclerotic between the superior and external recti; nerve supply, trochlear nerve; action, rotates eyeball on its anteroposterior axis. m. obtura'tor exter'nus [BNA], origin, lower half of margin of thyroid foramen and adjacent part of ex- ternal surface of obturator membrane ; insertion, digital fossa of great trochanter; nerve supply, obturator; action, rotates thigh outward. m. obtura'tor inter'nus [BNAJ, origin, obturator membrane and margin of thyroid foramen; insertion, i nner surface of great trochanter ; nerve supply, sacral plexus; action, rotates thigh outward. m. occipitalis [BNA], posterior portion of the epi- cranius ; origin, linea nuchee suprema of occipital bone; insertion, galea aponeurotica; action, pulls scalp backward; nerve supply, facial. m. occipitofronta'lis, m. epicranius [BNA]. m. omohyoid' eus [BNA], formed of two bellies attached to intermediate tendon; origin by inferior belly from upper border of scapula between inner angle and notch; insertion by superior belly into hyoid bone; action, depresses hyoid; nerve supply, upper cervical through ansa hypoglossi. m. oppo'nens dig'iti quin'ti [BNA], m. opponens minimi digiti; origin, hamulus of unciform (hamate) bone; insertion, inner margin of sth metacarpal bone; MUSCULUS 642 MUSCULUS nerve supply, ulnar; action, draws ulnar side of hand toward center of palm. m. oppo'nens min'imi dig'iti, m. opponens digiti quinti [BNA]. m. oppo'nens poriicis [BNA], m. flexor ossis meta- carpi pollicis; origin, ridge of trapezium ' (os mult- angulum majus) and annular ligament; insertion, anterior surface of ist metacarpal bone; nerve supply, median; action, opposes thumb to other fingers. m. orbicula'ris oc'uli (orbicular of the eye) [BNA], m. orbicularis palpebrarum; consists of three portions: (o) parsorbitalis, orexternal portion, arises fromfrontal process of maxilla and adjacent portion of frontal bone, encircles aperture of orbit, and is inserted near origin; {h) pars palpebralis, or internal portion, arises from inner canthus, passes through each eyelid, and is inserted into outer canthus; (c) pars lacrimalis, tensor tarsi or Homer's muscle, arises from posterior lacrymal ridge of lacrymal bone and passes across lacrymal sac to join palpebral portion; action, closes eye, wrinkles forehead vertically, compresses lacrymal sac; nerve supply, facial. m. orbicula'ris o'ris (orbicular of the mouth) [BNA], m. sphincter oris; origin, by nasolabial band from septum of the nose, by superior incisive bundle from incisor fossa of maxilla, by inferior incisive bundle from lower jaw each side of syniphysis; fibers surround mouth between skin and mucous membrane of lips and cheeks, and are blended with other muscles; action, closes lips; nerve supply, facial, m. orbicula'ris palpebra'rum (orbicular of the eye- lids), orbicularis oculi [BNA]. m. orbita'lis [BNA], ]V[uller*s muscle, a rudimentary nonstriated muscle, crossing the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure, intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. m. orbitopalpebra'lis, m.. levator palpebrse superioris m. palat ogles' sus, m. glossopalatinus [BNA]. m. palatopharynge'us, m. pharyngopalatinus[BNA]. m. pal"atosalpinge'us, m. tensor veli palatini [BNA]. m. palma'ris bre'vis [BNA], origin, ulnar side of cen- tral portion of the palmar aponeurosis; insertion, skin of ulnar side of hand; nerve supply, ulnar; action, wrinkles skin on inner side of hand. m. palma'ris lon'gus [BNA], origin, internal condyle of humerus; insertion, anterior annularligament of wrist and palmar fascia; nerve supply, median; action, makes palroar fascia tense and flexes forearm; is occasionally absent. m. papilla'ris [BNA], one of the group of columnae (trabeculae) cameae which terminate in the chordse tendinese of the heart. m. pectina'tus [BNA], one of a number of muscular columns projecting from the inner walls of the auricles (auricular appendages) of the heart. m. pectine'us [BNA], origin, crest of pubis; inser- tion, pectineal line of femur; nerve supply, obturator and femoral; action, adducts thigh and assists in flexion. m. pectora'Us ma'jor [BNA], origin, by pars clavicu- laris from inner half of clavicle, by pars sternocosialis from anterior surface of manubrium and body of ster- num and cartilages of 1st to 6th ribs, by Pars abdominalts from aponeurosis of rectus abdominis or obliquus extemus; insertion, anterior bicipital ridge of humerus; action, adducts and rotates arm; nerve supply, anterior thoracic. m. pectora'liB mi'nor [BNA], origin, 3d to sth ribs at the costochondral articulations; insertion, tip of cora- coid process of scapula ; action, draws down scapula or raises ribs; nerve supply, anterior thoracic. m. perone"ocalca'neus, an occasional miuscle arising from the shaft of the fibula and inserted into the os calcis. m. perone'us bre'vis [BNA], origin, lower two-thirds of outer surface of fibula; insertion, base of 5th meta- tarsal bone; nerve supply, peroneal; action, abducts foot. m. perone'us lon'gus [BNA], origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of fibula and external condyle of tibia; insertion, by tendon passing behind external malleolus and across sole of foot to internal cuneiform and base of first metatarsal; nerve supply, peroneal; action, abducts and pronates foot. m. perone'us ter'tius [BNA], origin, in common with extensor digitorum longus ; insertion, dorsum of base of Sth metatarsal bone; nerve supply, deep branch of per- oneal; action, assists in dorsal flexion of foot. m. petropharynge'us, an occasional accessory leva- tor muscle of the pharynx, arising from the under surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and inserted into the pharynx. m. petrosalpin"gostaphyli'nus, m. levator veli palatini [BNA]. m. petrostaphyli'nus, m. levator veli palatini. m. pharyngopalati'nus [BNA], m.. palatopharyngeus; forms the posterior pillar of the fauces; origin, soft palate; insertion, posterior border of thyroid cartilage and aponeurosis of pharynx; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, narrows fauces and shuts off naso- pharynx. m. pirifor'mis [BNA], origin, margins of anterior sacral foramina and great sacrosciatic notch of ilium; insertion, upper border of great trochanter; nerve supply, sciatic plexus; action, rotates thigh outward. m. planta'ris [BNA], origin, external supracondyloid ridge (external epicondyle) of femur; insertion, inner margin of tendo Achillis and internal annular ligament of ankle; nerve supply, tibial; action, extends foot (plantar flexion). m. platys'ma (flat) [BNA], m. platysma m.yoides, m. tetragonus; origin, clavicle and fascia covering pecto- ralis major and deltoid at level of 1st or 2d rib; inser- tion, lower border of mandible, risorius, and platysma of opposite side; action, depresses jaw and lower lip, wrinkles skin of neck and upper part of chest; nerve supply, cervical branch of facial. m. pleurooesophage'us [BNA], muscular fasciculi, arising from the mediastinal pleura, which reinforce the musculature of the esophagus. 1 m. poplite'us [BNA], origin, extemale condyle (epi- condyle) of lemur; insertion, posterior surface of tibia above oblique line; nerve supply, tibial; action, flexes leg and rotates it inward. m. poplite'us mi'nor, origin, popliteal space of femur; insertion, posterior ligament of knee-joint; nerve supply, tibial; action, raises posterior ligament during flexion of knee. m. proce'rus (prolonged) [BNA], m. pyramidalis nasi; origin from membrane covering bridge of nose; insertion into frontalis; action, assists frontalis; nerve supply, branch of facial. m. prona'tor pe'dis, m, flexor accessorius longus digitorum pedis, m. quadratus plantae [BNA]. m. prona'tor quadra'tus [BNA], origin, lower fourth of anterior surface of ulna; insertion, ]ower fourth of anterior surface of radius; nerve supply, volar inter- osseous; action, pronates forearm. m. prona'tor te'res [BNA], m. pronator radii teres; origin, superficial head (caput humerale) from the internal condyle of the humerus, deep head (caput ulnare) from the inner side of the coronoid process of the ulna; insertion, middle of the outer surface of the radius; nerve supply, median; action, pronates fore- arm. m. prostaficus [BNA], the muscular tissue of the prostate, involuntary in character. m. pso'as ma'jor [BNA] or magnus; origin, bodies of vertebne and intervertebral discs from the 12th thoracic to the sth lumbar, and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae; insertion, lesser trochanter of femur; nerve supply, lumbar plexus; action, flexes thigh and rotates it slightly inward. m. pso'as mi'nor [BNA] or parvus, an incqnstant muscle, absent in about 40 per cent.; origin, bodies of 1 2th thoracic and ist lumbar vertebras and disc between them; insertion, iliopectineal line and eminence with iliac fascia; nerve supply, lumbar plexus; action, makes- iliac fascia tense. m. pterygoid'eus exter'nus [BNA], origin, one infer- ior and larger head from outer plate of pterygoid, py- ramidal process of palate bone, tuberosity of maxilla ; the other superior and smaller head from the under surface of the great wing of the sphenoid ; insertion into ptery- goid fossa of head of mandible and i nterarticular fibrocartilage , action, brings jaw forward; nerve supply, external pterygoid from third division of trigeminus. MUSCULUS 643 MUSCULUS m. pterygoid'eus inter'nus [BNA], origin, pterygoid fossa of sphenoid and tuberosity of maxilla; insertion, inner surface of lower jaw between angle and mylohy- oid groove; action, raises mandible, closing jaw; nerve supply, internal pterygoid from third division of tri- geminus. m. pterygopharynge'us [BNA], portion of constrictor pharyngis superior arising from, the internal pterygoid plate. m. pterygospino'sus, a muscular slip, occasionally present, passing between the spine of the sphenoid bone and the posterior margin of the outer pterygoid plate. m. pubococcyge'us, pubococcygeal muscle, fibers of the m. levator ani, arising from the posterior surface of the inferior ramus of the pubis. m. pubovesica'lis [BNA], the external longitudinally directed muscular fibers of the bladder, attached to the lower part of the back of the symphysis pubis. m. pyramida'lis [BNA], origin, crest of pubis; inser- tion, lower portion of linea alba; action, makes linea alba tense; nerve supply, last thoracic. m. pyramida'Hs auric'ula [BNA], pyramidal muscle of the auricle, Jung's muscle; an occasional prolonga- tion of the fibers of the m. tragicus to the spina helicis. m. p3rramida'lis na'si (pyramidal of the nose), m. procerus [BNA]. m. pyrUor'mis, m. piriformis. m. quadra'tus fem'oris [BNA], origin, outer border of tuberosity of ischium; insertion, intertrochanteric ridge; nerve supply, sciatic; action, rotates thigh outward. m. quadra'tus la'bii inferior'is [BNA], m. depressor labii inferioris; origin, anterior portion of lower border of mandible; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin of lower lip; action, depresses lower lip; nerve supply, facial. m. quadra'tus la'bii superior'is [BNA], composed of three heads usually described as three m,uscles: caput angulare, levator labii superioris alseque nasi; caput infraorbitale, levator labii superioris; caput zygomati- cum, zygomaticus minor. m. quadra'tus lumbo'rum [BNA]," on^tn, iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, and transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae; insertion, 12th rib and transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae; action, fl.exes trunk laterally; nerve supply, upper lumbar. m. qttadra'tus men'ti, m. quadratus labii inferioris £BNA]. m. quadra'tus plan'tae [BNA], m. flexor accessorius digitorum; origin, by two heads from the outer and inner borders of the inferior surface of the os calcis (calcaneus); insertion, tendons of flexor digitorum longus; nerve supply, external plantar; action, assists long flexor. m. quad'riceps fem'oris [BNA], m. quadriceps extensor femoris; origin, by four heads — rectus fem- oris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis; insertion, patella, and thence by ligamentum patellffi to tuberosity of tibia; nerve supply, femoral (anterior crural) ; action, extends leg. m. radia'lis cxter'nus bre'vis, m. extensor carpi radialis brevis [BNA]. m. radia'lis cxter'nus lon'gus, m. extensor carpi radialis longus [BNA]. m. radia'lis intei'nus, m. flexor carpi radialis [BNA]. m. radiocar'pus, m. flexor carpi radialis [BNA]. m. rectococcyge'us [BNA], a band of muscular fibers arising from the anterior surface of 2d or 3d coccygeal segment and passing to the posterior surface of rectum. m. rectouteri'nus [B NA], a band of fibrous tissue and unstriped muscle-fibers passing between the cervix uteri and the rectum in the fold of Douglas, plica rectouterina, on either side. m. rectovesica'Iis [BNA], fibers (present only in the male) connecting the longitudinal musculature of the rectum with the external muscular coat of the bladder. m. rec'tus abdom'inis [BNA], origin, crest and sym- physis of the pubis; insertion, xiphoid process and sth to 7th costal cartilages; action, diminishes capacity of abdomen, draws thorax downward ; nerve supply, branches of lower thoracic. m. rec'tus cap'itia ante'rior (anterior straight of the head) [BNA], rectus capitis anticus minor; oiigin, base of atlas; insertion, basilar process of occipital bone; action, turns and inclines head forward; nervous supply, ist and 2d cervical'. m. rec'tus cap'itis anti'cus ma'jor (larger anterior straight of the head), m. longus capitis [BNA]. m.. rec'tus cap'itis anti'cus mi'nor (lesser anterior straight of the head), m. rectus capitis anterior [BNA]. m. rec'tus cap'itis latera'lis (lateral straight of .the head) [BNA], origin, transverse process of atlas; inser- tion, jugular process of occipital bone; action, inclines head to one side; nerve supply, suboccipital. m. rec'tus cap'itis poste'rior ma'jor (larger posterior straight of the head) [BNA], m. rectus capitis posticus major; origin, spine of axis; insertion, middle of mferior curved line of occipital bone; action, rotates and draws head backward; nerve supply, posterior branch of ist cervical (suboccipital). m. rec'tus cap'itis poste'rior mi'nor (lesser posterioi straight of the head) [BNA], m. rectus capitis posticus minor;, origin from posterior tubercle of atlas; insertion into inner third of inferior curved line of occipital bone ; action, rotates head and draws it backward; nerve supply, suboccipital. m. rec'tus cxter'nus, m, rectus lateralis [BNA]. m. rec'tus fem'oris [BNA], origin, anterior inferior spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum; inser- tion, common tendon of quadriceps femoris^ m. rec'tus infe'rior [BNA], igin, by a common ten- don with the rectus medialis, the annulus tendinous communis or ligament of Zinn, from the lower and inner margin of the optic foramen; insertion, sclerotic coat of the eye; nerve supply, oculom,otorius; action, moves eyeball downward. m. rec'tus inter'nus, m. rectus medialis [BNA]. m. rec'tus latera'lis [BNA], m. rectus extemus; origin, by two heads from the outer margin of the optic foramen and from the lower margin of the sphenoida '. fissure and the ligament of Zinn; insertion, sclerotic; nerve supply, abducens; action, turns eyeball outward. m. rec'tus media'lis [BNA], m. rectus intemus; origin, by a common tendon with the rectus inferior, the annulus tendineus communis or ligament'of Zinn, from the lower and inner margin of the optic foramen ; insertion, sclerotic coat of the eye; nerve supply, oculo- motorius; action, moves eyeball inward. m. rec'tus supe'rior [BNA], origin, upper margin of the optic foramen and fibrous sheath of the optic nerve; insertion, sclerotic coat of the eye; nerve supply ^ oculomotorius; action, moves the eyeball upward. m. rec'tus thora'cis, an occasional muscle lying beneath the stemalis; seemingly a continuation of the rectus abdominis. m. re'trahens au'rem or auric'ulam. (dragging back the auricle), m. auricularis posterior [BNA]. m. rhomboatloid'eus, an occasional muscle arising with the rhomboidei major and minor from the cervical and thoracic vertebrse and inserted into the atlas. m. rhomboid' eus ma'jor (greater rhomboid) [BNA], origin, spinous processes and corresponding supra- spinous ligaments of first four thoracic vertebrae; insertion, vertebral border of scapula below spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal scapular from brachial plexus. m. rhomboid' eus mi'nor (lesser rhomboid) [BNA], origin, spinous processes of 6th and 7th cervical verte- bra; insertion, vertebral margin of scapula above spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column and slightly upward; nerve supply, dorsal scapular from brachial plexus. m. rhomb o-occipita'lis, m. occipitoscapularis. m, riso'rius (smiling) [BNA], origin, from platysma and fascia of masseter; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin at corner of mouth; action, draws out angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial. m. rota'tor spi'nse, one of a number of short muscles chiefly developed in the thoracic region. They are of two sets, rotato'res hre'ves (short rotators) [BNA], and rotato'res lon'gi (long rotators) [BNA]; the former arise from the transverse process of one vertebra and are i nserted into the root of the spinous process of the ver- tebra above; the latter are inserted into the second or third vertebra above their origin; action, rotate the vertebral column; nerve supply, posterior branches of the spinal. MUSCULUS 644 MUSCULUS m. sacrococcyge'us ante'rior [BNA], an inconstant muscle on the anterior surfaces - of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the caudal muscula- ture of lower animals, m. sacrococcyge'us poste'rlor [BNA], an inconstant and poorly developed muscle on the posterior surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, the remains of a portion of the caudal musculature of lower animals. m. sacrococcyge'us posii'cus, m. extensor coccygis. m. sacrolumba'lis, m. iliocostalis lumborum IBNA]. m. sacrpspina'lis [BNA], m. erector spinse; origin, from dorsal surface of sacrum, spines of lumbar verte- brae, and crest of ilium; then divides into iliocostalis and longisimus dorsi muscles; action, extends spinalcolumn; nerve supply, posterior branches of spinal nerves. m. salpingopharynge'us [BNA], fibers of the pharyn- gopalatinus arising from the cartilaginous end of the ^Eustachian tube. m. sarto'rius [BNA], origin, anterior superior spine of ilium; insertion, inner border of tuberosity of tibia; nerve supply, femoral; action, flexes thigh and leg, rotates leg inward and thigh outward, m. scale'nus ante'rior [BNA], m. scalenus anticus; origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of 3d to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion, scalene tubercle of ist rib; action, raises ist rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus. m. scale'nus me'dius [BNA], origin, posterior tuber- cles of transverse processes of 2d to 6th cervical verte- brae; insertion, 1st rib to outer side of scalenus anterior; action, raises ist rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus. an. scale'nus min'imus [BNA], an occasional inde- ■pendent muscular fasciculus between the scalenus anterior and medius, and having the same action and innervation as they, m. scale' nus poste'rior [BNA], m. scalenus posticus; origin, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion, outer side of upper border of 2d rib; action, elevates 2d rib; nerve supply, cervical and brachial plexus. m,. scanso'rius [L. climbing muscle], m. accessorius gluteus minimus, m. gluteus quartus, anterior fibers of the gluteus minimus (according to some anatomists the piriformis) which are sometimes distinct from the main portion of the muscle. m. semimembrano'sus [BNA], origin, tuberosity of ischium; insertion, inner tuberosity of tibia and by membrane to internal lateral ligament of knee-joint, popliteal fascia, and external condyle of femur; nerve supply, tibial; action, flexes leg and rotates it inward and makes capsular ligament of knee-joint tense. m. semispina'lis cap'ltis (semispinal of the head) [BNA], m. complexus; origin, transverse processes of five or six upper thoracic and four lower cervical vertebrae; insertion, occipital bone between superior and inferior curved lines; action, rotates head and draws it backward; nerve supply, suboccipital, great occipital, and branches of cervical. m. semispina'Iis cervi'cis (semispinal of the neck) IBNA], m. semispinalis colli, continuous with semi- spinals dorsi; origin, transverse processes of 2d to sth cervical vertebrse; insertion, spines of axis and 3d to sth cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, branches of cervical. m. semispina'lis coVll, m. semispinalis cervicis CBNA]. m. semispina'lis dor'Bi (semispinal of the back) (BNA], origin, transverse processes of sth to nth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spines of first four thoracic and 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae; action, extends ver- tebral column; nerve supply, branches of cervical. m. semitendino'sus [BNA], origin, ischial tuberosity; insertion, side of shaft of tibia below internal tuberosity ; nerve supply, tibial; action, flexes leg and rotates it inward. m. serra'tus ante'rior [BNA], m. serratus magnus; origin, from center of external aspect of first 8 or 9 ribs; insertion, superior and inferior angles and intervening vertebral border of scapula; action, moves scapula variously, elevates ribs; nerve supply, long thoracic from brachial plexus. m. serra'tuB mag^nus^ m. serratus anterior [BNA]. m. serra'tus poste'rior infe'rior (inferior posterior serrated) [BNA], origin, with latissimus dorsi, from spines of two lower thoracic and two upper lumbar vertebrae; insertion, into lower borders of last four ribs; action, draws lower ribs backward and downward; nerve supply, pth to 12th intercostal. m. serra'tus poste'rior supe'rior (superior posterior serrated) [BNA], origin, from spines of two lower cervical and two upper thoracic vertebrae; insertion, into outer side of angles of 2d to sth ribs; nerve supply, 1st to 4th intercostals. m. sol'eus [L. solea, sandal] [BNA], origin, posterior surface of head and upper third of shaft of fibula, oblique line and middle third of inner border of tibia, and a tendinous arch passing between tibia and fibula over the popliteal vessels; insertion, with gastroc- nemius by tendo calcaneus (Achillis) into tuberosity of OS calcis (calcaneus); nerve supply, tibial; -aci!»o», pro- duces plantar flexion of foot. m. sphenosal^pingostaphyU'Eius, m. tensor veil palatini [BNA]. in. sphinc'ter a'ni exter'nus [BNA], a fusiform ring of muscular fibers surrounding the anus, attached pos- teriorly to the coccyx and anteriorly to the central point of the perineum. m. sphinVter a'ni inter'nus [BNA], a muscular ring, formed by an increase of the circular fibers of the rec- tum, situated at the upper end of the anal canal. m. sphinc'ter o'ris, m. orbicularis oris [BNA], m. sphinc'ter pupill'se [BNA], a ring of muscular fibers surrounding the pupillary border of the iris. m. sphinc'ter pylo'ri [B N A], a thickening of the mid- dle (circular) layer of the gastric musculature encircling the pylorus. m. sphinc'ter ure'thrse memfarana'ceae {BNA], m. compressor urethras, m. constrictor urethree; origin, ramus of pubis; insertion, with fellow in median raphe behind and in front of urethra; nerve supply, pudic", action, constricts membranous urethra. m, sphinc'ter vagi'nae, m. bulbocavemosus [BNA]. m. sphinc'ter vesi'cse, annulus* urethralis. m. spina'lis cap'itis (spinal of the head) [BNA], ^con- stant; origin, spinas of upper thoracic and lower cervi- cal vertebrEe; forms spinal egments of semispinalis capitis and blends with latter, m. spina'lis cervi'cis (spinal of the neck) [BNA], spinalis colli, inconstant or rudimentary) origin, spines of .6th and 7th cervical; insertion, spines of axis and 3d cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, branches of cervical. m. spina'lis col'li, m. spinalis cfervicis [BNAJ. m. spina'lis dor' si (spinal of the back) [BNA], origin, spines of upper lumbar and two lower thoracic verte- brae; insertion, spines of middle and upper thoracic vertebrae; action, supports and extends vertebral column; nerve supply, branches of dorsal. m, sple'nius cap'itis (bandage of the head) [BNA], origin, from spines of last four cervical and first three thoracic vertebra ; insertion, into outer half of superior curved line of occipital and mastoid process; action, rotates head, the' two together draw head backward; nerve supply, 2d to Sth cervical. m. sple'nius cervi'cis (bandage of the neck) [BNA], splenius colli; origin, fronz cpines of 3d to sth (or 4th to 6th) cervical vertebro; insertion, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of 1st and 2d (sometimes 3d) cervical vertebrae; action, rotates head, both together draw head backward; nerve supply, 2d to Sth cervical. m. sple'nius col'li (bandage of the neck), m. splenius cervicis [BNA]. m. stape'dius [BNA], origin, under surface of the pyramid; insertion, neck of the stapes; action, draws head of stapes backward. m. staphyli'nus exter'nus, m. tensor veli palatini. m. staphyli'nus inter'nus, m. levator veli palatini. m. staphyli'nus me'dius, m. uvulae. m. sterna'lis [BNA], an inconstant muscle, running parallel to the sternum across the costosternal origin of the pectoralis major, and usually connected with the stemoclfiidomastoid and rectus m.uscles as well as the pectoralis major. m. sternochon''droscapula'ris, an occasional muscle arising from the manubrium stemi and first costal cartilage and passing outward and backward to be inserted into the upper border of the scapula. m. sternoclavicula'risi an occasional muscle, » slip MUSCULUS 64s MUSCULUS from the subclavius muscle, passing from the upper part of the sternum, to the clavicle beneath the pec- toralis major. m. ster*noclei''domastoid'eus [BNA], origin, by two heads from anterior surface of manubriun; sterni and sternal end of clavicle; insertion, mastoid process and outer half of superior curved line of occipital bone; action, turns head obliquely to opposite side; when acting together, the two pull head downward and for- ward; nerve supply, spinal accessory. m. sternofascia'lis, an occasional muscular slip arising from the manubrium sterni and inserted into the fascia of the neck. m. Bternohyoid'eus [BNA], origin, posterior surface of manubrium sterni and ist costal cartilage; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, depresses hyoi5 U^ne; nerve supply, upper cervical through ansa hypoglossi. m. stemothyreoid'eus [BNA], origin, posterior sur- face of manubrium stemiand 1st or 2d costal cartilage; insertion, oblique line of thyroid cartilage; action, depresses larynx: nerve supply, upper cervical through the ansa hypoglossi. m. Btyloauricula'ris^ styloauricular muscle, an occasional small muscle extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus. m. styloglos'susi BNA], origin, lower end of styloid process; insertion, side and under surface of tongue; nerve supply, hypoglossal; action, retracts tongue. m. stylohyoid' eus [BNA], origin, styloid process of temporal bone; insertion, hyoid bone by two slips on either side of attachment of digastric; action, fixes hyoid bone; nerve supply, facial. m. Btylolarynge'us, that part of the m. stylopharyn- geus which is inserted into the thyroid cartilage. in. stylopharynge'us [BKA], origin, root of styloid process ; insertion, thyroid cartilage and wall of phar- ynx; nerve supply, glossopharyngeal; action, elevates pharynx. m. subancone'us, an occasional muscle; origin, the lower end of the humerus; insertion, the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint; nerve supply, radial (musculospiral) ; action, makes posterior ligament tense. m. subcla'vius [BNA], origin, ist costal cartilage; insertion, under surface of acromial end of clavicle; action, fixes clavicle or elevates ist rib; nerve supply, subclavian from brachial plexus. m. subcosta'lis, pi. mu^culi subcosta'les [BNA], m. infracostalis; one of a number of inconstant muscles having the same direction as the intercostales intemi, but usually passing over one or more ribs. m. subcrare'us, m articularis genu [BNA]. m. subcuta'neus corii, m. platysma [BNA]. m. subscapula'ris [BNA], origin, subscapular fossa; insertion, lesser tuberosity of humerus; nerve supply, upper and lower subscapular from sth and 6th cervical ; action, rotates arm inward. m. supina'tor [BNA], m, supinator radii brevis; origin, external epicondyle of humerus and supinator ridge of ulna; insertion, anterior and outer surface of radius; nerve supply, radial (dorsal interosseous); action, supinates the forearm. m. supina'tor lon'gus, m. brachioradialis [BNA]. m. supraclavicula'ris, an anomalous muscular slip running from the upper edge of the manubrium sterni outward to about the middle of the upper suiface of the clavicle. m. supraspina'lis. one of a number of muscular bands passing between the tips of the spinal processes of the cervical vertebne. m. GUpraspina'tus [BNA], origin, supraspinous fossa of scapula; insertion, great tuberosity of humerus; nerve supply, suprascapular from sth and 6th cervical; action, abducts arm. m. suspeaso'rius duode'ni [BNA], suspensory mus- cle of the duodenum, muscle of Treitz; a broad flat band of unstriped muscle attached to the left crus of the diaphragm and continuous with the muscular coat of the duodenima at its junction with the jejunum. m. tarsa'lis [B N A], slips from the m. orbicularis oculi inserted into the tarsal bordets of the eyelids. m. temporalis [BNA], origin, temporal fossa; inser- tion, anterior border of ramus and apex of coronoid process of mandible; action, closes jaw; nerve supply, deep temporal branches of third division of trigeminus. m. ten'sor fas'ciae la'tae [BNA], m. tensor fasciae femoris; origin, anterior superior spine and adjacent surface of dorsum of the ilium; insertion, iliotibial band, of fascia lata; nerve supply, superior gluteal; action^ makes fascia lata tense. m. ten'sor pala'ti, m. tensor veli palatini [BNA]. m. ten'sor tar's!, Homer's muscle, pars lacrimalis of orbicularis oculi [BNA]. m. ten'sor tym'pani [BNA], origin, the cartilaginous part of the Eustachian tube and under surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; it passes through the canal just above the bony portion of the Eustachian tube, and is inserted into the handle of the malleus; action, draws the handle of the malleus inward and makes tense the drum membrane. m. tensor vagi'nce fem'oris, m. tensor fasciae latas [BNA]. m. ten'sor ve'li palati'ni [BNA], m. tensor palati, m. sphenosalpingo-staphylinus; origin, spine of sphenoid, scaphoid fossa of internal pterygoid process, and outer wall of cartilaginous Eustachian tube ; insertion , posterior border of hard palate and aponeurosis of soft palate; nerve supply, otic ganglion; action, stretches the soft palate. m. te'res ma'jor [BNA], origin, lower third of dorsal aspect of axillary border of scapula; insertion, inner border of bicipital groove of humerus; nerve supply, lower subscapular from sth and 6th cervical; action, adducts knd extends arm and rotates it inward. m. te'res mi'nor [BNA], origin, dorsal aspect of axillary border of scapula; insertion, lower facet of great tuberosity of humerus; nerve supply, circumflex from Sth and 6th cervical; action, adducts arm and rotates it outward. m. tetrago'nus, m. platysma [BNA]. m. thyreoarytfienoid'eus [BNA], m. thyreoarytse- noideus extemus; origin, inner surface of thyroid cartilage; insertion, muscular process and outer surface of arytenoid; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal; action, relaxes the vocal cords. m. thyreoarytsnoi^'eus ezter'nus, m.. thyreoaryt^e- noideus [BNA]. m. thyreoarytssnoid'eus inter'nus, m. vocalis [BNA]. m. thyreoepiglot'ticus [BNA], thyreoepiglottic or thyroepiglottidean muscle; fibers of the thryeoarytae- noideus curving upward to be inserted into the aryepi- glottic fold and margin of epiglottis. m. thyreohyoid'eus [BNA], apparently a continua- tion of the stemothyreoideus; origin, oblique line o£ thyroid cartilage; insertion, body of hyoid bone; action, approximates hyoid bone to the larynx; nerve supply, upper cervical through ansa hypoglossi. m.. thyreopharynge'us, portion of the constrictor pharyngis inferior arising from the thyroid cartilage. m. tibia''lis ante'rior [BNA], ra. tibialis anticus; origin, upper two-thirds of outer surface of tibia, interosseous membrane, and intermuscular septum; insertion, internal cuneiform and base of first meta- tarsal; nerve supply, deep branches of peroneal; action, dorsal flexion and supination of foot. m. tibia'lis gra'cilis, m. plantaris. m. tibia'lis poste'rior [BNA], m. tibialis posticus; origin, shaft of fibula between interosseous border and oblique line, shaft of tibia between interosseous border and vertical line, and interosseous membrane; insertion, navicular, three cuneiform, cuboid, sustentaculum, of OS calcis, and 2d, 3d, and 4th metatarsal bones; nerve stipply, tibial; action, produces plantar fiexion and supination of foot. m. tibia'lis secun'dus, an inconstant muscle, of small size, arising from the back of the tibia and inserted into the capsular ligament of the ankle-joint. m. tibioacceaso'rius, m. flexor accessorius digitoruna pedis. m. tibiofascia'lis ante'rior or antl'cus, separate fibers of the tibialis anterior inserted into the fascia of the dorsum of the foot. m. trachea'lis, the band of unstriped muscular fibers in the fibrous membrane connecting posteriorly the ends of the tracheal rings. m. trachelomastoid'eus, m. longissimus capitis [BNA]. m. trag'icus [BNA], muscle of the tragus, a band of MUSCULUS 646 MUTATION vertical muscular fibers on the outer surface of the tragus of the ear. m. transversa'lis abdom'inis, m. transversus abdom- inis [BNA]. m. transversa'lis cap'itis (transverse of the head), m. longissimus capitis [BNA]. m. transversa'lis cervi'cis or col'll (transverse of the neck), m. longissimus cervicis [BNA]. m. transversa'lis na'sl, m. compressor narium. m. transver'sus abdom'inis [BNA], m. transversalis abdominis; origin, 7th to 12th costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and Poupart's ligament; insertion, xiphoid cartilage and linea alba and, through falx inguinalis, spine and crest of pubis and iliopectineal line; action, compresses abdominal contents, bends thorax forward ; nerve supply, lower thoracic. m. transver'sus auric'ulee [BNA], transverse muscle of the auricle, a band of sparse muscular fibers on the cranial surface of the auricle, extending from the em- inentia conchs to the ermnentia scaphse. m. transver'sus lin'guae [BNA], an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, the fibers of which arise from the septum and radiate to the dorsum and sides. m. transver'sus men'ti (transverse of the chin) [BNA], superficial fibers of the triangularis which turn back and to the cross opposite side. m. transver'sus nu'chse (transverse of the nape of the neck) [BNA], an occasional muscle passing between the tendons. -of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, possibly a fasciculus of the auricularis posterior. m. transver'sus perine'i profun'dus[BNA],or»g»M, ascending, or inferior, ramus of ischium; insertion, with its fellow in a median raphe; nerve supply, pudic; action, assists compressor urethrc m. transver'sus perine'i superficia'lis [BNA], an in- constant niuscle; origin, ascending ramus of ischium; insertion, central point of perineum; nerve supply, pudic; action, draws back and fixes the central point of the perineum. m. transver'sus thora'cis (transverse of the chest) [BNA], m. triangularis stemi; origin, back of xiphoid cartilage and lower portion of body of sternum; insertion, costal cartilages of 2d to 6th ribs; action, narrows chest; nerve supply, intercostal. m. trape'zius [BNA], m. cucuUaris; origin from inner third of superior curved line of the occipital bone, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchse, spines of 7th cervical and the thoracic vertebxse and corresponding supraspinous ligaments; insertion into outer third of posterior surface of clavicle, inner side of acromion process, and upper border and tuber- osity at inner end of base of the spine of the scapula; action, draws head to one side or backward, rotates scapula; nerve supply, spinal accessory and cervical plexus. m. triangula'ris [BNA], m. depressor anguH oris; origin, lower border of lower jaw anteriorly; insertion, blends with other muscles in lower lip near angle of mouth; action, pulls down comers of mouth; nerve supply, facial. m. triangula'ris la'bii inferior'is, m. depressor anguli oris, m. triangularis [BNA]. m. triangula'ris la'bii superior'is, m. caninus [BNA]. m. triangula'ris ster'ni, transversus thoracis [BNA]. m. tri'ceps bra'chii [BNA], origin, long or scapular head (caput longum) from axillary border of scapula below glenoid fossa, outer head (caput laterale) from outer and posterior surface of humerus below greater tubercle, inner head (caput mediale) from posterior surface of humerus below radial (musculospiral) groove; insertion, olecranon process of ulna; 7ierve supply, radial (musculospiral) ; action, extends fore- arm. m. tri'ceps su'ree [BNA], triceps of the calf, the gas- trocnemius and soleus considered as one muscle. m. triti"ceoglos'sus, Bochdalek's muscle, an occa- sional thin band of muscular fibers passing between the root of the tongue and the triticeum. m. ulna'ris exter'nus, m. extensor carpi ulnaris [BNA]. m. ulna'ris inter'nus, m, flexor carpi ulnaris [BNA]. m. u'vulee [BNA], muscle of the uvula, m. azygos uvul£e; origin, posterior nasal spine; insertion, foims chief bulk of the uvula; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus; action, raises the uvula. m. vas'tus exter'nus, m. vastus lateralis [BNA], m. vas'tus intenne'dius [BNA], m. crureus; origin, upper three-fourths of anterior surface of shaft of femur; insertion, common tendon of quadriceps femoris. m. vas'tus inter'nus, m. vastus medialis [BNA], m. vas'tus latera'lis [BNA], m. vastus externus; origin, outer lip of linea aspera as far as great tro- chanter; insertion, common tendon of quadriceps femoris. m. vas'tus media'lis [BNA], m. vastus intemus; origin, inner lip of linea aspera; insertion, common tendon of quadriceps femoris. m. ventricula'ris [BNA], fibers of the m. thyreoary- t£enoideus which pass into the false vocal cord. m. vertica'lis lin'guse [BNA], an intrinsic muscle of the tongue, consisting of fibers attached to the dorsal fascia and passing downward and outward to the sides. m. voca'lis [BNA], m. thyreoarytsenoideus intemus; origin, depression between the two alse of thyroid cartilage; insertion, vocal process of arytenoid; nerve supply, recurrent laryngeal; action, shortens and relaxes vocal cords. m. zygomat'icus [BNA], m. zygomaticus major; origin, malar bone in front of zygomatic suture; inser- tion, muscles at angle of mouth; action, draws upper lip upward; nerve supply, facial. m. zygomaf icus ma'jor, m. zygomaticus [BNA], m. zygomaf icus mi'nor (lesser zygomatic), caput zygomaticum quadra ti labii superioris [BNA]; origin, under surface of malar bone; insertion, orbicularis oris of upper lip; action, draws upper lip upward and out- ward; nerve supply, facial. mush'room [O. Fr. moucheron; L. muscus, moss.] A large fungus, usually having one erect stem with an expanded top; some varieties are edible, others extremely poisonous. Popularly the poisonous mushrooms are often called toad- stools. musician's cramp (mu-zlsh'imz). An occupation neurosis, affecting those who play on musical instruments, and named usually according to the Instrument played upon. musicoma'nia [G. mousike, music, + mania, frenzy.] An insane passion for music. musicotherapy (mu"zi-ko-ther'a-pi) [G. mousike, m.usic, + tkerapeia, treatment.] Treatment of certain nervous and mental disorders by means of music. musk. Moschus. musoma'nia. Musicomanla . Musset's sign (mu-sa') [Alfred de Musset, French poet, 1810—1857, who died of aortic insufficiency and was the first person In whom the sign was studied.] Rhythmical anteroposterior move- ments of the head, synchronous with the cardiac pulsations, occurring in some cases of Incompe- tence of the aortic valve with cardiac hjrpertrophy. mussita'tion [L. mussiiare, to murmur constantly.] IVIovements of the lips as If speaking, but without sound; observed sometimes in delirium and In semicoma. Mussy*s point. See GuSneau* de Mussy. must [A.S.] Unfermented grape-juice. mus'tard [O. Fr. moustarde.] The dried ripe seeds of Brassica alba and B, nigra, whlte.m. and black m.; see sinapis, m, gas, dichlorethyl sul- phide; see under gas, mu'tacism. Mytacism. mutant (mu'tant) [L. mutate, to change.] In heredity, a variation or sport which breeds true. mutation (mu-ta'shun) [L. mutare, to change.] i. De Vries's term for the sudden production of a species, as distinguished from variation. 2. An inherited variation of a striking character. MUTE 647 MYCOSIS mute [L. mutus.] i. Dumb. 2. A person who has not the faculty of speech. mu'tilate [L. mutilare, to malm.] To remove any part of the body which Is Important as to function or looks i to malm. mutila'tion. i. Maiming, the removal or destruc- tion of any conspicuous or essential part of the body. 2. The condition of being mutilated, the loss of an important part. mutis'ia. The flower-heads of Muiisia vicicBfolia, scale flower, a plant of Bolivia, employed as an expectorant in phthisis and as a sedative in .chronic disease of the heart. mu'tism. Dumbness, absence of the faculty of speech. mutt'on bird. Sooty petrel, a bird of the southern Pacific islands, living most of the year in the Antarctic; it has a layer of fat beneath the skin from which an oil is extracted which has been used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. mu'tualism. Symbiosis, the living together of two organisms. In the relation either of host and parasite or of commensals, with benefit to both. mu'tualist [L. mutuus, in return, mutual.] An organ- ism living with another in a state of mutualism- muzzle (muzl). The snout of an animal; the prominent nose and mouth. Muzzy's button (muz'iz but'n). A point of tenderness at the junction of the line of the tenth costal cartilage with the parasternal line, believed to indicate inflammation of the diaphragmatic pleura. my. Abbreviation of myopia. Myi's disease' (me-ah') [Giuseppe Myd, Italian physician, 1857-1911.] Congenital dilatation of the colon, Hirschsprung's disease. myalgia (mi-al'jl-ah) [G. mys, muscle, + algos, pain.] Myodynia, muscular pain. m. ther'mica, heat- cramps. mya'sis. Incorrect form of myiasis. myasthe'nia [G. mys, muscle, + astheneta, weak- ness.] Muscular weakness, m. gra'vis, a chronic progressive muscular weakness, beginning usually in the face and throat, xuiaccompanied by atrophy. myasthen'ic. Relating to myasthenia. myatonia, myatony (mi-a-to'mt-ah, mi-at'o-nl), [G. mys, muscle, -t- a- priv. -I- tonos, tone.] Abnor- mal extensibility of a muscle, muscular hypotonia. m. congen'ita, an absence of muscular tone, ob- served especially in infants and affecting only the muscles innervated by the spinal nerves; Oppenheim.'s disease. myce'lian. Relating to mycelium. myce'lioid [mycelium- + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a mould; composed of closely set radiating filaments, noting the appearance of a form of plate culture; see cut iinder colony, i, D. myce'Uum [G. mykes, fungus, + helos, nail.] The hyphae (sometimes only one) of a fungus, con- stituting its vegetative part. mycethe'mia, myceth^e'mia [G. mykes, fungus, + haima, blood.] The presence of some form of fungus in the circulating blood. my'cetism, mycetis'mus [G. mykes, fimgus.] Mush- room poisoning. mycetogenet'ic, mycetogen'ic [G. mykes, fungus, gennetos, begotten.] Caused by fungi. mycetogenous (ml-se-toj'en-us). Mycetogenetic. myceto'ma [G. mykes, fungus, + -oma.J Fungous foot of India, Madura foot; a disease of the foot, resembling actinomycosis, occurring in East Indians. It is characterized by the formation of large subcutaneous tubercles and nodules which break down and discharge pus containing gran- ules, red, black, or yellow, which are masses of the fungus causing the disease. The specific fungus Is variously described as Actinomyces maduras or as species of Discom-yces, Madurella, Indiella, and Aspergillus, white m., a variety in which the grains are colorless or very slightly pig- mented, caused by one of several species of Indiella, by Aspergillus nidulans, or by Dis- comyces (Actinomyces) madurce. Mycetozo'a [G. mykes(myket-), fungus, -{• zoon, animal.] A subclass of Rhinopoda, which fre- quently unite to form plasmodla; they resemble the fungi in many respects and are sometimes classed with them in the group of slime-moulds, or Myxomycetes. Mycobacteria'ceae. A family of Schizomycetes, In- cluding cylindrical or filamentous cells, often branching, without a sheath. Mycobacte'rium [G. mykes, fungus, -1- bakterion, rod.] A genus of Mycobacteriacecs, which includes many organisms usually denominated Bacillus, such as those of tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, influenza, glanders, etc. my'cocyte [G. mykos, mucus, -1- kytos, a hollow (a cell).] A mucous cell. Mycoder'ma [G. mykes, fungus, + derma, skin.] A genus of fungi, to which belongs the mother of vinegar, M. aceti. mycoder'ma [G. mykos, mucus, -H derma, skin,] Mucous membrane. mycodermatitis (ml-ko-der-ma-ti'(te')tls) [G. mykos, mucus, + derma, skin, -I- -itis.1 Inflammation of any mucous membrane. mycogastritis (ml-ko-gas-trl'(tre')tis) [G. mykes, fungus, -I- gaster, stomach, -1- -iiis.] Inflamma- tion of the stomach due to the presence of a fimgus, not a bacterium. mycohe'mia, mycohs'mia. Mycethemia. mycorogy [G. mykes, fungus, + -logia.] Science in relation to fungi, their classification, edibility, cultivation, etc. mycolysin (mi-kol'i-sin) [G. mykes, fungus, -I- lysis, solution.] Trade name of a preparation of non- pathogenic bacteria and various ferments, rec- ommended as a stimulant to phagocytosis in tuberculosis and other infections. mycomyringitis (ml-ko-mlr-ln-jl'(je')tls) [G. mykes, fungus, + L. myringa, drum -membrane, + O.-itis.l Inflammation of the membrana tympani caused by the presence of Aspergillus or other fungus. Myconos'toc [G. mykes, fungus, + Nostoc, a genus of algse.] A group of Schizom-ycetes, consisting of tangled leptothrlx threads surrounded by a glairy gelatinous mass. mycophylax'in. A phylaxln* protective against fungi, bacterial or other. mycoprotein (mi-ko-pro'te-In) [G. mykes, fungus.] The protoplasm of fungi, specifically that of the putrefactive bacteria. mycoproteination, mycoproteinization (ml-ko-pro- te-In-a'shun, ml-ko-pro-te-In-i-za'shun). Vaccino- therapy; specifically Inoculation, preventive or curative, with killed cultures of the putrefactive bacteria. my'copus. Mucopus. my'cose [G mykes, fungus.] Trehalose, a sugar, CijH2jO,i-l-2H20, obtained from ergot and from trehala manna. myco'sis [G. mykes, fungus.] Any disease caused by the presence of fungi or bacteria, m. cu'tis chron'ica, a chronic dermatomycosis, a chronic skin disease caused by the presence of a fungus. m. favo'sa, favus. m. framboesioi'des, fram- boesia. m. fungoi'des, the occurrence of fungoid MYCOSIS 648 MYELOBLAST tumors, of malignant character, arising from circumscribed areas of pruritic dermatitis, m. intestina'lis, gastroenteric form of anthrax, the symptoms of which are those of gastroenteritis followed by toxemia and general depression. m. leptoth'rica, pharyngitis caused by the pres- ence of Leptothrix buccalis. mycoso'zin. A sozin* protective against fungi, bacterial or other. mycot'ic. Relating to a m.ycosls. mycotoxina'tioii, mycotoziniza'tion. Preventive or curative inoculation with any bacterial toxin. mydaleine (mi-da'le-en) [G. mydaleos, mouldy.] A poisonous ptomaine formed In putrefying liver and other viscera; it acts specifically upon the heart, causing arrest of Its action in diastole. mydatox'in [G. mydad, I am dripping.] A ptomaine from putrefying viscera and flesh. my'dine [G. mydad, I drip.] A ptomaine from putrefying viscera. mydriasis (ml-dri'a-sis) [G.] Dilatation of the pupil. bound'ing m., a rapid variation in width between the two pupils, paralyt'ic m., dilatation due to paralysis of the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, cycloplegia. spasmod'ic m., spas'tic m., that due to spasmodic contraction of the radiating fibers of the ciliary muscle. mydriat'ic. i. Causing mydriasis or dilatation of the pupil. 2. An agent which dilates the pupil a cyclopleglc. myd'iin. Trade name of a mixture of homatro- pine and ephedrine, a white powder causing temporary dilatation of the pupil when instilled In doses of 2 drops of a 10 per cent, aqueous solution. myd'rol. Trade name of a white powder, iodo- methylphenyl pyragolon; mydriatic in 10 per cent, aqueous solution. myec'tomy [G. mys, muscle, + ehiome, excision.] Exsectlon of a portion of a muscle. myecto'pia, myec'topy [G. mys, muscle, + ektopos, out of place.] Dislocation of a muscle. my'el [G. m.yelos, marrow.] The spinal cord. myelalgia (mi-el-al'ji-ah) [G. myelos, marrow, + algos, pain.] Pain in the spinal cord or its mem- branes. jny"elanalo'sis [G. myelos, marrow, + analosis, expenditure.] Tabes dorsalls, myelatrophla. myelap'oplexy [G. myelos, marrow, -f- apoplexia, apoplexy.] Hemorrhage Into the spinal cord, spinal apoplexy. myelasthema (ml"el-as-the'nl-ah ; ml'el-as-the- ni'ah) [G. myelos, marrow, + asiheneia, weak- ness.] Spinal exhaustion, spinal neurasthenia. myelatelia (mi-el-a-tell-ah, mi-el-a-tel-e'ah) [G. myelos, marrow, + aieleia, incompleteness.] A developmental defect of the spinal cord. myelatroph'ia, myelat'rophy [G. myelos, marrow, -I- atrophia, atrophy.] Spinal atrophy, myelana- losls. myelauxe (mi-el-awk se) [G. myelos, marrow, .-|- auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy of the spinal cord. myele'mia, myelae'mia [myel(pcyte) + haima, blood.] Myelocytosis. my'elen. Trade name of an extract of the red bone- marrow of the ox, proposed for the treatment of leucemia and rickets. my"elenceph'alon [G. myelos, marrow, -H enheph- alos, brain.] i. The brain and spinal cord, con- stituting the cerebrospinal axis. 2. The after- brain or medullary brain, the posterior division of the rhombencephalon from which are de- veloped the medulla oblongata and the bulbar portion of the fourth ventricle. jnyelencephalospinal (mi'el-en-sefal-o-spi'nal). Cerebrospinal. myelenceph'alous. Cerebrospinal. myeleterosis (mi"el et-S-ro'sis) [G. myelos, marrow, + heterosis, alteration.] Any pathological change in the spinal cord. myjl'io fG. myelos, marrow.J i. Relating to the spinal cord. z. Relating to bone-marrow. my'e]3n.[G. myelos, ma.TTOw.'] i. White substance of Schwann, medullary* substance. 2. Lipoid droplets formed during autolysis and postmortem degeneration. myelina'tion. The acquisition of a medullary sheath, said of the axis-cylinder of' a nerve- fiber. myelin'ic. Relating to or composed of myelin. m. axon, a, meduUated axis-cylinder process of a neuron. myeliniza'tion. Myellnatlon. myelinosis (mi"el-in-o'sis). Fatty decomposition, the formation of lipoid droplets in the process of autolysis and postmortem degeneration. myelit'ic. Relating to myelitis, or inflammation of the spinal cord, or of the bone-marrow. myelitis (mi-el-l'(e')tls) [G. myelos, marrow, + -iiis.] Inflammation (i) of the spinal cord, or (2) of the bone-marrow (osteomyelitis), acute' transverse' m., acute softening of the spinal cord, an acute inflammation, limited in longitudinal extent, involving the entire thickness of the spinal cord. apoplec'tiform m., inflammation involving chiefly the gray matter of the spinal cord in which paralysis occurs with suddenness, ascend'ingm., progressive Inflammation involving successively higher areas of the spinal cord, bulbar m., inflammation of the medulla oblongata, cav'i- tary m., syringomyelia, central m., apoplecti- form m., periependymal m. compres'sion m., chronic Inflammation, or simple atrophy, of the spinal cord due to pressure by a tumor, hemor- rhage, meningeal thickening, or angular curvature of the spine, concuss'ion m., Inflammation fol- lowing an injury producing concussion of the spinal cord, cor'nual m., Inflammation involving chiefly the gray comua of the spinal cord descend'ing m., progressive Inflammation Involv- ing successively lower areas of the spinal cord. diffuse' m., inflammation of considerable extent involving the entire thickness of the spinal cord. dissem'inated m., inflammation Involving several distinct areas In the spinal cord, multiple focal m. fo'cal m., inflammation confined to one or several small circumscribed areas of the spinal cord. foudroy'ant m., apoplectiform m. hemorrhag'ic m., inflammation following spinal apoplexy. intersti'tial m., sclerosing m. parenchy'matous m., inflammation of the nervous substance of the spinal cord, as distinguished from Interstitial m. periepen'dymal m., central m., inflammation of the spinal-cord tissue surrounding the central canal, sclero'sing m., Inflammation of the con- nective tissue (neuroglia) of the spinal cord with resultant hypertrophy of this and compression and atrophy of the nervous substance, system'ic m., inflammation confined to special tracts of the spinal cord, transverse' m., Inflammation Involv- ing the entire thickness of the spinal cord, but of limited longitudinal extent. my'eloblast [myelos, marrow, + blastos, germ.] Premyelocyte, a young myelocyte differing from the mature form chiefly in the absence of gran- ules; one of the cells in bone-marrow from which the granular leucocytes of myeloid origin are supposed to be derived; lymphoidocyte. lYELOBLASTOMA 649 MYELORRHAGIA lyeloblasto'ma. Acute myelocytic leucemia.* lyelobrachium (nil"el-o-bra'kl-uni) [G. myelos, marrow, + brachwn, arm,] The Inferior peduncle of the cerebellum, or restlform body. lyelocele (ml'el-o-sel) [G. myelos, marrow, + kele, hernia.] i. Protrusion of the spinal cord In spina bifida. 2. Myeloccele. lyelocoele, myelocele (ml'el-o-sel) [G. myelos, marrow, + koilia, a hollow.] The central canal of the spinal cord. ly'elocyst [G. myelos, marrow, + kystis, bladder.] A cyst, usually a dermoid cyst, lined with columnar cells occurring in the central nervous system or its immediate neighborhood. lyelocyst'ic. Relating to or characterized by the presence of a myelocyst. ayelocys'tocele (ml-el-o-sls'to-sel) [G. myelos, marrow, -|- kystis, bladder, -f- kele, tumor.] Spina bifida containing spinal cord substance. nyelocystomeningocele (ml'el-o-sis"to-men-ln'go- sel) [G. myelos, marrow, + kystis, bladder, + meninximening-), membrane, + kele, hernia.] Spina bifida with protrusion of spinal cord matter and meninges. nyelocyte (mi'el-o-sit) [G. myelos, marrow, + kytos, cell.] I. A uninuclear (mononuclear) granular leucocyte — a pathological type; the myelocytes may be neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil, ac- cording to the staining reaction of the granules. 2. A nerve-cell of the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. 3. A cell originating in the bone- marrow. nyelocythemia, myelocythsmia (mi"el-o-si-the'mI- ah) [G. myelos, marrow, + kytos, cell, + haima, blood.] • The presence in large numbers of myelo- cytes in the blood; myelogenous leucemia. nyelocyt'ic. Relating to or marked by the presence of myelocytes. nyelocyto'ma. Chronic myelocytic leucemia.* nyelocyto'sis. The jjresence of myelocytes in abnormal numbers in the blood. nyelodiastasis (mi"el-o-di-as'ta-sis) [G. myelos, marrow, -t- diastasis, separation.] Softening and destruction of the spinal cord. myelodysplasia (mi"el-o-dis-pla'sI-ah) [G. myelon, marrow, + dys-, difficult, -f- flasis, a moulding.] Occult spina* bifida. myeloencephalitis (ml-el-o-en-sef-al-l'(e')tls) [G. myelos, marrow, + enkephalos, brain, -I- -itis.] Encephalomyelitis, Inflammation of both spinal cord and brain, epidem'ic m. acute anterior poliomyelitis,* Infantile paralysis. myelogangliitis, myelogangUtis (ml"el-o-gang-gle- l'(e')tls, mI"el-o-gang-gll'(gle')tis) [G. myelos, marrow, -f- ganglion + -itis.] A former term for cholera of severe type thought to be of nerve origin. myelogenetic, myelogen'ic (mi-el-o-jen-et'ik) [G. myelos, marrow, + gennetos, begotten.] Origi- nating in the bone-marrow. myelogenous (ml-el-oj'en-us). Myelogenetic. myelogonium (mi-el-o-go'nl-um) [G. myelos, marrow, + gone, seed.] Mydoblast. myeloic (mi-el-o'ik) [G. myelos, marrow.] Relating to the group of cells from which the neutrophil leucocyte is derived. my'eloid [G. myelos, marrow, + eidos, resemblance.] I. Relating to or derived from the bone-marrow. a. Relating to the spinal cord. 3. Having my- elocytic characteristics, but not necessarily arising from the bone-marrow. niy"elolymph"angio'ma [G. myelos. marrow, +- L. lympka, lymph, -I- G. angeion, vessel, -|- -oma.] Elephantiasis. myelolymphocyte (mi"el-o-Iim'fo-sit) [G. myelon, marrow, + lymphocyte,] A small pathological lymphocyte formed in the bone-marrow. myelo'ma [G. myelos, marrow, + -oma.] 1. A tumor due to hyperplasia of the bone-marrow. 2. Encephalold tumor. 3. Large-celled sarcoma. giant-cell m., a tumor of the bone-marrow or .periosteum, composed of short splndle-cells and cells of various shapes containing also numerous giant-cells (myeloplaxes) ; It is usually benign, mul'tiple m., m. multiplex, Kahler's disease, lymphadenia osslum, myelomatosis.* myelomato'sis. Myeloma multiplex, Kahler's dis- ease; a disease characterized by pernicious ane- mia, albumosuria, fever of an Intermittent type, pains in the bones and joints, and the occurrence of multiple tumors of the red marrow leading to absorption of the bone and consequent fractures. The lymph nodes and spleen are not affected and metastases do not occur. Called also lympha- denia osslum, myelogenous pseudoleucemla, malignant osteomyelitis, and sarcomatous osteitis. myelome'nia [G. myelos, spinal cord, + meniaia, menses.] Spinal hemorrhage occurring as a form of vicarious menstruation. myelomeningitis (ml-el-o-men-in- jl'(je')tis) [G. myelos, marrow, + meninx, membrane, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the spinal cord and Its mem- branes. myelomenin'gocele (ml'el - o-men - Ing'go - sel) [G. myelos, marrow, + meninx, membrane, -f- kele, hernia.] Spina bifida with protrusion of both the cord and its membranes. myelomonocyte (mi"el-o-mon'o-sit) [G. myelos, marrow, + monos, single, + kytos, cell.] Myelo- cyte (i). myelom'yces [G. myelos, marrow, -f- mykes, a fungous tumor.] Encephalold carcinoma. my'elon [G. myelos, marrow.] The spinal cord. myeloneuiitis (ml''el-o-nu-rl'(re')tls). Combined inflammation of the spinal cord and of one or more nerves. myelon'ic. Relating to the spinal cord. myeloparal'ysis [G. myelos, marrow.] Spinal par- alysis. myelopath'ic. i. Relating to any myelopathy or disease of the spinal cord. 2. Myelogenetic. myelop'athy [G. myelos, marrow, -I- pathos, suffer- ing.] I. Any disease of the spinal cord. 2. A disease of the myeloid tissues. myelop^etal [G. myelos, marrow, + L. petere, to seek. Proceeding In a direction toward the spinal cord, said of different nerve Impulses. myelophthisical (ml-el-of-thiz'I-kal). Relating to or suffering from myelophthisis. myelophthisis (ml-el-of'thl-sis) [G. myelos, marrow; -)- phthisis, a wasting away.] Wasting of the spinal cord, myelanalosis, tabes dorsalis. 2. Atrophy of the bone-marrow. my'eloplaque [G. myelos, marrow, + plaque.] Myeloplax, osteoclast. my'eloplast [G. myelos, marrow, + plastos, formed.] An ameboid cell resembling a large lymphocyte, In the bone-marrow. my'eloplaz [G. myelos, marrow, + plax, a flat stone, plaque.] Osteoclast, a large multinucleated cell of the bone-marrow which Is believed to cause absorption of bone. myelople'gia [G. myelos, marrow, H- plege, a stroke.] Spinal paralysis. myelorrha'gia [G. myelos, marrow, -t- rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Hemorrhage into the spinal cord, spinal apoplexy. MYELORRHAPHY 650 MYODYNAMIA myelor'rhaphy [G. myelos, marrow, + rhaphe, seam.] Suture of a wound of the spinal cord. myelosarco'ma [G. myelos, marrow, + sarx(sark-), flesh, + -oma.] Osteosarcoma. myelosclero'sis [G. myelos, marrow, + sklerosis, induration.] Sclerosing myelitis, spinal sclerosis. myelo'sis. i. The formation of a myeloma or medullary tumor. ^. Myelocythemia. myelospon'gium [G. myelos, marrow, + spongos sponge.] The reticulum of the spinal cord of the embryo, from which the neuroglia is developed. myelosyph'ilis [G. myelos, marrow.] Syphilis of the spinal c^rd. myelosyringo'sJ^. Syringomyelia. myelother'apy [G. myelos, marrow, + iherapeia, treatment.] Opotherapy with a preparation of red bone-marrow or one of the spinal cord. my'elotome [G. myelos, marrow, + iomos, cutting.] ' An Instrument used In making serial sections of the spinal cord. myelotoxic (mi"el-o-toks'ik). j.. Poisonous to bone- marrow. 2. Relating to or derived from diseased bone-marrow. inyenter'ic. Relating to the myenteron, or mus- cular coat of the intestine. myen'teron [G. mys, muscle, + enteron, intestine.] The muscular coat, or muscularls, of the intestine. myiasis (mi-l'S-sls) [G. myia, a fly.] Any affection due to the Invasion of the tissues or of one of the cavities of the body by the larvae of dipterous Insects. myiocephalon, myiocephalum (mi-i-o-sef'a-lon, or lum) [G. m-yia, fly, -I- kephale, head.] Protrusion of a portion of the iris through a, wound in the cornea. myiodesopsia (ml-l-o-des-op'sl-ah) [G. myiodes, like flies, 4- opsis, vision.] The condition In which muscas voUtantes are seen. myiosis (ml-i-o'sls). Myiasis. myitis (ml-l'(e')tls) [G mys, muscle, -f -iiis.] Inflammation of a muscle ; myositis. myl'abris [G . a cockroach.] (B.A.) The dried beetle, Mylahris phaleraia; vesicant, like cantharldes. mylohy'oid [G. myle, molar tooth.] Relating to the molar teeth, or posterior portion of the lower jaw, and to the hyoid bone ; noting various structures ; see under nervus, musculus, and sulcus. mylohyoideus (ml-lo-hi-o-ld'e-us). Mylohyoid. myo- [G. mys, muscle.] A prefix to many words, properly those from Greek roots, noting muscle. myoalbumin (mi"o-al-bu'min). An albumin in muscular tissue, possibly identical with serum albumin. myoarchitectonic (mi"o-ar-kl-tek-ton'ik) [G. mys, muscle, -f- architektonikos, relating to construc- tion.] Relating to the structural arrangement of muscle or of fibers in general. myoatrophy (mi-o-at'ro-fi). Myatrophy, muscu- lar atrophy. my'oblast [G. mys, muscle, -I- blastos, germ.] A primitive muscle-cell developing into a muscle- fiber. myoblas'tlc. Relating to a myoblast or to the mode of formation of muscle-cells. myocar'dial. Relating to the myocardium, or heart-muscle, myocar'diograph [G. mys, muscle, + kardia, heart, + gTapho, I record.] An Instrument composed of a tambour with recording lever attachment, by means of which a tracing is made of the mov ments of the heart-muscle. myocarditis (mi-o-kar-dl'(de')tls). Inflammation of of the muscular walls of the heart, fragmenta'- tion m., fragmentation of the myocardium.* in'durative m., chronic m. leading to hardening of the muscular wall of the heart. myocardium (mi"o-kar'di-um) [G. mys, muscle, -t- kardia, heart.] The muscular substance of the heart, consisting of striated muscular tissue, differing somewhat from that of the voluntary muscles in that the fibers are shorter, many of them being oblong cells with central nuclei and forked extremities, fragmenta'tion of the m., a transverse ruptUre of the muscular fibers of the heart, especially those of the papillary muscles. myocele (ml'o-sel) [G. mys, muscle, -f kele, hernia.] I. Protrusion of muscle substance through a rent In Its sheath. 2. Myocoele. myocelialgia, myocoelialgia (mi"o-se-M-al'jI-ah) [G. mys, muscle, -f- koilia, the belly, -J- algos, pain.] Pain in the abdominal muscles. myocelitis, myocoelitis (ml-o-se-ll'(le')tls) [G mys, muscle, -I- koilia, belly, -I- -iiis.] Inflammation of the abdominal muscles. myocellulitis (mi-o-sel-u-ll'(le')tis) [G. mys, muscle, -1- L. eellularis, cellular (tissue), -I- G. -itisl] Inflammation of muscle and cellular tissue. myocero'sis [G. mys, muscle, + keros, wax.] Waxy degeneration of the muscles, m. angiot'ica haemorrhag'ica, anglohyalinosls hsemorrhagica. myochorditis (ml-o-kor-dl'(de')tls) [G. mys, muscle, -t- chorde, cord, -1- -itis.] Inflammation of the laryngeal muscles. myochrome (ml'o-kr5m) [G. mys, muscle, -I- chroma, color.] Myohematin. myochronoscope (mi"o-kron'o-sk6p)[G. mys, muscle, + chronos, time, + skoped, I examine.] An instrument for timing a muscular Impulse, for determining the interval between the application of the stimulus and the muscular movement in response. myoclo'nia [G. mys, muscle, -j- klonos, a tumult.] Any disorder characterized by muscular twitch- ing, or myoclonus, fi'brillary m., the twitching of a limited part or group of fibers of a muscle. Infec'tious m., chorea. myoc'lonus [G. mys, muscle, + klonos, tumult.] Clonic spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles, m. mul'tiplex, a disorder marked by rapid contractions occurring simultaneously or consecutively In various unrelated muscles, polyclonla. myocoele, myocele (mi'o-sel, mi-o-se'le) [G. mys, mus- cle, -1- koilia, a chamber.] Muscle-compartment. myocolpitis (ml-o-kol-pl'(pe')tls) [G. mys, muscle, + kolpos, sinus (vagina), + -iiis.] Inflammation of the muscular tissue of the vagina. myocom'ma [G. m-ys, muscle, + komm.a, a coin or the stamp of a coin.] Myotome, one of the mus cular segments corresponding to a metamere, the mass of muscle-fibers developed from the cells of each muscle-plate layer; this division is not recognizable in the human adult, except in certain regions, such as in the intercostal muscles. myocris'mus [G. 'mys{myo~), muscle, + krizo, I squeak.] A creaking sound sometimes heard on ascultation of a contracting muscle. myoc'tonine [G. mys, mouse, + kionost murder.] An alkaloid from a species of aconite. my'ocyte [G. mys, muscle, + kyios, cell.] A muscle- cell. myocytoma (mi-o-si-to'mah). A tumor composed chiefly of myocytes, or muscle-cells. myode'mia [G. mys, muscle, -I- dSmos, tallow.] Fatty degeneration of muscle. myodesop'sia. Myiodesopsia. myodynamia (mi"o-di-namif-ah) [G. mys, muscle, + dynamis, power.] Muscular strength. lYODYNAMOMETER 6Si MYONEURAL lyodynamom'eter [G. mys, muscle, + dynamis, force, + metron, measure.] Dynamometer, an instrimient for determining the muscular strength. lyodyn'ia [G. myi, muscle, + orfy«e, pain.] Myalgia. lyoedema, myoaedema (mi"o-e-de'mah) [G. mys, muscle, + oidema, swelling.] A circumscribed contraction with swelling o£ a muscle, induced by a smart tap, mounding, myoidema. lyoelec'tric [G. mys, muscle.] Relating to the electrical properties of muscle. lyoendocarditis (mi-o-en-do-kar-di'(de')tls) [G. mys, muscle, + endon, within, + kardia, heart, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the muscular wall and lining membrane of the heart. lyoepithe'lial. Relating to myoepithelium. lyoepithelium (mi"o-ep-I-the'li-um) [G. tnys, mus- cle.] Epithelial cells with contractile branching processes, muscle-epithelium. lyofibro'ma. A myoma with much intermingling of fibrous tissue. lyofibro'sis. Chronic myositis with diffuse hyper- plasia of the interstitial connective tissue pressing upon and causing atrophy of the muscular tissue. m. cor'dis, m. of the heart walls. ly'ogen [G. mys, muscle, -I- gennao, I produce.] A coagulable albuminoid, or protein, of the muscle-plasma; myosin, or more properly myosinogen. lyogenet'ic, myogen'ic [G. mys, muscle, + gennetos, begotten.] i. Originating in or starting from muscle. 2. Relating to the origin of fibers — nervous, muscular, or other, m. theory, see theory. lyogenous (ml-oj'en-us). Myogenetlo. lyoglia (mi-og'li-ah) [G. mys irnyo-), muscle, + glia, glue.] A fine fibrillary network in mus- cular tissue resembling in appearance, if not in function, neuroglia. lyoglob'ulin. A coagulable globulin present in muscle-tissue. lyognath'ia, A monstrosity in which an imperfect head is attached to the lower jaw. lyog'nathus [G. mys, muscle, -f- gnaihos, jaw.] A monster with an imperfect head attached by muscle and skin to the lower jaw. ly'ogram [G. mys, muscle, H- gramma, a drawing.] The tracing made by a myograph. ly'ograph [G. mys, muscle, + grapho, I register.] A recording instrument by which tracings are made of muscular contractions. lyograph'ic. Relating to a myogram, or the record of a myograph. lyog'raphy [G. mys, muscle, -I- graphs, a drawing, a description.] i. The recording of muscular movements by the myograph. 2. A description of or treatise on the muscles, descriptive myology. lyohem'atin, myoheem'atin. The pigment of muscular tissue, myochrome, believed lo have an oxygen-fixing function similar to that of the hematin of the blood. lyohysterectomy (mi-o-his-ter-ek'to-ml) [G. mys (.myo-), muscle, -I- hystera, uterus, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of the body of the uterus, the portio vaginalis remaining. ly'oid [G. mys, muscle, + eidos, appearance.] i. Resembling muscle. •^. One of the fine, contrac- tile, thread-like masses of protoplasm found In certain epithelial cells in the simpler forms of animals. lyoidema (mi-oy-de'mah) [G. mys, muscle, + oidema, swelling.] Mounding, myoedema. lyoideum (ml-o-id'e-um). Muscular tissue. ly'oidism. A condition in which muscular con- traction occurs in response to a direct stimulus independently of nervous control; idlomuscular contraction, mounding. myoischemia (mi"o-is-ke'mJ-ah) [G. mys {myo-), muscle, -t- ischemia.^ A condition of localized deficiency or absence of blood supply in muscu- lar tissue. myokero'sis. Myocerosis. myoky'mia [G. mys, muscle, + kyma, wave.] Fibrillary tremor, a twitching of the isolated fasciculi or segments of a muscle. myolemm'a. Sarcolemma. myolipo'ma [G. mys, muscle, + lipos, fat, -I- -dtna.] A myoma with a large admixture of fat, a fatty- degenerated myoma ; llpomyoma. myol'ogist. One learned in the knowledge of muscles. myol'ogy [G. m-ys, muscle, -1- -togia.] The branch of science which deals with the muscles and their accessory parts — tendons, aponeuroses,., bursas, and fasciae, descrip'tive m., myography(2). myol'ysis [G. m-ys, muscle, -I- lysis, solution.] Destruction of muscular tissue; fatty degenera- tion and infiltration, with separation and dis- appearance of the muscle-cells, cardiotox'ic m., cardiomalacia occurring in fever and various systemic infections. 1 myo'ma, pi. myo'mata, myo'mas [G. mys, muscle, -I- oma.J A tumor composed of muscular tissue; usually of smooth muscle fibers (liomyoma), with more or less admixture of fibrous tissue (fibromyomd), or containing fat-globules (lipo- myoma); sometimes formed of striated muscu- lar tissue {rhabdomyoma), m. levicellula're [L. levis, smooth], liomyoma, m. sarcomato'des, a rapidly growing m. which assumes a sarcoma- tous character, myosarcoma, m. striocellula're [L. stria, a furrow], rhabdomyoma, m. telan- giecto'des, angiomyoma. myomala'cia [G. mys, muscle, + malakia, softness.] Pathological softening of muscular tissue, m. cordis, cardiomalacia, softening of the walls of the heart. myo'matous. Relating to a myoma. myomec'tomy [G. myoma -V ektome, excision.] Operative removal of a myoma, specifically of a uterine myoma. myomelano'sis [G. mys, muscle, + melanosis, becoming black.] Increased pigmentation of muscular tissue. myomere (mi'o-mer) [G. mys, muscle, -)- meros, a part.] Myocomma. myom'eter [G. mys, muscle,* + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the extent of a muscular contraction. myometritis (m.i-o-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. m.ys, muscle, -1- metra, uterus, + -itis.] Inflammation of the muscular wall of the uterus. myome'trium [G. mys, muscle, + metra, uterus.] The muscular wall of the uterus. myomohysterectomy (mi-o"mo-his-ter-ek'to-mI) [G. myoma, + hystera, uterus, + ektome, excision.] Operative removal of a uterus affected with myoma. myomot'omy [G. tome, incision.] Myomectomy. my'on [G. mys, muscle.] An individual muscle. myoneme (mi'o-nem) [G. mys, muscle, + nema, thread,] i. A process formed of differentiated ectoplasm, having contractile properties, in certain protozoa. 2. A muscle-fibril. myoneural (mi-o-nu'ral) [G. mys, muscle, + neu- ron, nerve. ] Relating to both muscle and nerve, noting the nerve-terminations in muscular tissue. MYONEURALGIA 652 MYOSITIS myoneural'gia [G. mys, muscle, + neuron, nerve, + aigos, pain.] Myalgia, myodynia. inyoneurasthenia(mi"o-nu-ras-the'nI-ah ; mi"o-nu- ras-the-ni'ah) [G. mys, muscle, + neuron, nerve, + astheneia, weakness.] The condition of mus- cular weakness associated with neurasthenia. myoneure (mi'o-niir) [G. mys, muscle, + neuron, nerve.] A nerve controlling muscular movement, a motor nerve. myoneuro'ma. A mixed neuroma and myoma. myon'osus [G. mys, muscle, + nosos, disease.] Any disease of muscular tissue, myopathy. myonymy (mi-on'I-ml) [G. mys, muscle, + onymn, onoma, name.] Nomenclature of the muscles. myopachynsis (mi-o-pS-kin'sis) [G. mys{myo-), mus- cle, + pachynsis, a thickening.] Muscular hy- pertrophy. myopararysis [G. mys, muscle.] Muscular -paraly- sis, myoparesis. myopar'esis. Slight muscular paralysis. myopathic, i. Relating to disease of the muscles. 2. One suffering from disease of a muscle, specific- ally of the heart muscle or myocardium. myop'athy [G. mys, muscle, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the muscles, myonosus. myope (mi'5p). A near-sighted person, one suffer- ing from myopia. myopericarditis (mi-o-pSr-I-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. mys, muscle, + peri, around, + kardia, heart, -t- -ids.] Inflammation of the muscular wall of the heart and of the enveloping pericardium. myopeiitonitis (mi-o-pSr-I-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. mys, muscle.] Inflammation of the parietal perito- neum with myositis of the abdominal wall. my'ophag, my'ophage [G. mys, muscle, + phag- ocyte^ A phagocyte which devours muscle-cells. my'ophone [G. mys, muscle, -I- phone, sound.] An instrument to enable one to hear the murmur of muscular contractions. myo'pia [G. myopia; myo, I wink, half close the eyes, -I- opsipp-), eye.] Short-sightedness ; near- sightedness; a condition in which, in consequence of an error in refraction or of elongation of the globe of the eye, parallel rays are f ocussed in front of the retina, ax'ial m., a form due to elongation of the globe of the eye. chro'mic m., a form of color-blindness in which colors can be recognized in objects near the eye, but cannot be distin- guished at long distances, cur'vature m., m. due to refractive errors consequent upon inequality of corneal curvature. Index m., m. due to errors of refraction consequent upon an abnormal con- dition of the media of the eye. malig'nant m., progressive myopia terminating in detachment of the retina and blindness, prod'romal m., a refractive change in beginning cataract, whereby reading without glasses sometimes becomes possible, the so-called "second sight." myop'ic. Relating to or suffering from myopia. m. astig'matism, that form of astigmatism in which the abnormality in curvature or in the refractive power of the media brings the focus in front of the retina, m. crescent, a posterior staphyloma, of'crescentic form, in the fundus in cases of myopia. myoplasm (mi'o-plazm) [G. mys, muscle, + plasma, a thing formed.] The contractile portion of the muscle-cell, as distinguished from the sarcoplasm. myoplas'tic [G. ^ys, muscle, -I- plasso, I form.] Relating to the plastic surgery of the muscles, or to the use of muscular tissue in supplying defects. myopo'lar [G. mys, muscle.] Relating to muscular polarity, or to the portion of muscle between two electrodes. myoproteose (mi"o-pro'te-oz). A protein in muscle- plasma. myopsin (mi-op'sin) [G. mys, muscle, -|- psio, I chew up.] A proteolytic ferment similar in its action to trypsin and existing with the latter in the pancreatic juice. myop'sis. Myiodesopsia. myopsychopathy (mi-op-si-kop'a-thl) [Qr.mys, mus- cle, -I- psyche, mind, -I- pathos, suffering.] A tremor, paralysis, or other muscular disorder associated with the presence of mental weakness or change. myopsychosis (mi-op-si-ko'sis) [G. mys, muscle, -t- psyche, mind.] Myopsychopathy. myor'rhaphy [G. m-ys, muscle, -I- rhaphe, seam.] Suture of a wound in a muscle. myorrhez'is [G. mys, muscle, + rkexis, a rupture] Tearing of a muscle. myosalgia (mi-o-sal'ji-ah). Myalgia. myosalpingitis (mi"o-sal-pin-ji'(je')tis) [G. mys, muscle, + salpinx + -itis.] Inflammation of the muscular tissue of the Fallopian tube. myosaTCo'ma. Myoma sarcomatodes. myosclero'sis. Chronic myositis with hyperplasia of the interstitial connective tissue. myoseism (mi'o-sizm) [G. mys, muscle, + seismos, earthquake.] Non-rhythmical spasmodic mus- cular contractions. myosep'tum [G. mys, muscle, -f L. scepium, a. barrier.] The line of division between two adjoining myotomes. my'osin. A globulin in muscle derived from myo- sinogen by the action of myosin-ferment, the coagulation of which causes the rigor mortis, v. Ffirth's m., paramyosinogen. my'osin-fer'ment. A coagulating enzyme present in muscle-plasma, under the influence of which myosinogen is converted into myosin. myosin'ogen [myosin + G. gennao, I produce.] A globulin, one of the two principal proteins of muscular tissue, a derivative of which is myosin formed during rigor mortis. myosinose (mi'o-sin-oz). A proteose formed by the hydrolysis of myosin. myosinu'ria [G. ouron, urine.] The presence of myosin in the urine. myo'sis [G. myo, I shut the eye.] Contraction of the pupil, miosis. myosit'ic. Relating to myositis. myositis (mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. mys, gen. myos, muscle, + -itis.l Myitis, inflammation of a muscle, acute dlssem'inated m., multiple m. infec'tious m., polymyositis, inflammation of the voluntary muscles, marked by swelling and pain, due to an inflltration of small round cells and a proliferation of the connective tissue, affecting usually the shoulders and arms, though almost the entire body may be involved, interstit'ial m., m. fibrosa, mul'tiple m., the occurrence of mul- tiple foci of acute inflammation in the muscular tissue and overlying skin in various parts of the body, accompanied with fever and other signs of systemic infection; pseudotrichiniasis, dermato- myositis. m. fibro'sa, induration of a muscle through an interstitial growth of fibrous tissue, myosclerosis; sclerosing m., fibrositis. m. ossif- icans, a rare disease characterized by progressive ossification of the muscles; it is not strictly a myositis but a non-inflammatory ossification. m. purulen'ta trop'ica, muma, a disease observed in Samoa and also in tropical Africa, marked by rheumatoid pains in the extremities, fever of a remittent or intermittent type, and abscesses in the muscles in various parts of the body. MYOSPASM 6S3 MYRTUS my'ospasm, myospas'mus [G. mys, muscle, + spas- mos.] Spasmodic muscular contraction. myostroma (mi-o-stro'ma) [mys(myo-), muscle, + stroma (q.v.).] The basement substance or framework of muscular tissue. myostromln (mi-o-stro'min) [G. mys(myo-), mus- cle, + stroma{q.s.).] A protein, of the nature of a nuclein, found in muscle. myosu'ria. Myosinuria. myosu'ture. Myorrhaphy. i myotac'tic [G. mys, muscle, + L. iacius, touch.] Relating to the muscular sense. myot'asis [mys, muscle, + tasis, a stretching.] Stretching of a muscle. myotat'ic [G. mys, muscle, + tasis, stretching.] Relating to the stretching of a muscle, m. con- trac'tion, contraction of a muscle following a sudden stretching, as in the foot- or ankle-clonus. jn. irritabil'ity, the ability of a muscle -to contract in response to the stimulus produced by a sudden stretching. myotenontoplasty (mi-o-ten-on'to-plas-ti). Tenon- tomyoplasty. myotenot'omy [G. mys, muscle.] Cutting through the principal tendon of a muscle, with division of the muscle itself in whole or in part. inyot'ic. Miotic. my'otome [G. mys, muscle, + Umios, cutting.] i. A knife for dividing muscle, .i. A muscular metamere, myocomma. myot'omy. Anatomy of the muscles ; dissection of the muscles, my'otone. Muscular tension, myotony. myoto'nia [G. mys, muscle, + tonos, tension, stretch- ing.] Any disorder characterized by tonic spasm or temporary rigidity of a muscle, m. acquis'ita, Talma's disease, acquired m. following injury or disease, m. atroph'ica, a familial m., the spasm being most marked when relaxation following contraction is essayed, in which there is more or less atrophy of the muscles of the face and some- ' tinies [of the extremities, m. congen'ita, Thom- sen's disease, an hereditary or familial disease marked by momentary tonic spasms occurring when a voluntary movement is attempted, m. neonato'nun, tetanism. myot'onus [G. mys, muscle, -t- tonos, tension, stretching.] A tonic spasm or temporary rigidity of a muscle or group of muscles. myot'ony. Myotone, muscular tonus or tension. myot'rophy [G. mys{myo-), muscle, + trophe, nourishment.] Nutrition of muscular tissue. myr'cia. Bay-leaves, the leaves of Pimenta acris, yielding an oil, oleum, myrciw, which was official in the U.S.P. of iSgoi and from which is made bay- rum, official in the U.S.P. of 1890 as spiritus myrcia. myriachit (mir-yah'chit) [Russian?] An affection similar to latah, prevalent in certain parts of Siberia. Myri'ca [G. myrike, tamarisk.] A genus of apeta- lous shrubs, found in temperate regions. M. asplenifo'lia, sweet-fern.* M. cerif era, bayberry,- myrica.* M. na'gi, a Chinese species bearing an edible fruit. mjri'ca (N.F.). The bark of Myrica cerifera, bay- berry, wax myrtle; employed in diarrhea and icterus in doses of gr. 8 (0.5); also externally in sorethroat. In eclectic practice it is employed as an astringent and in sluggish circulation in the skin, in doses of 112-20 (0.13-1 .3) of the specific preparation every hour. niyr'icin. A preparation made from myrica; employed as an ahtisyphilitic and astringent in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.2). myr'icyl. Melissyl, CsjH,!, a hypothetical radical occurring in beeswax. myringectomy (mir-in-jek'to-ml) [L. myringa, drum- membrane, + G. ektome, excision.] Excision of the membrana tympani. myringitis (mir-in-ji'(je')tis) [L. myringa, drum membrane, + G. -itis^ Inflammation of the membrana tympani. m. buUo'sa, myringoder- matitis, a vesicular or bullous inflammation of the outer or meatal layer of the drum membrane. myringodec'tomy. Myringectomy. myringodermatitis (mI-ring"go-der-mS-ti'(te')tis) [L, myringa, drum-membrane, + G. derma, skin, ' -I- -itis^ Inflammation of the meatal or outer surface of the drum-membrane, myringomyco'sis. Mycomyringitis. myringoplasty (ml-ring'go-plas-tl) [L. myringa, drum-membrane, -I- G. plasso, I form.] Clos- ure of a perforation in the drum-membrane. myringoscope (ml-ring'go-skop) [L. myringa, drum-membrane, -1- G. shaped, I examine.] An ear speculum. myringotome (mir-ing'go-tom) [L. myringa, drum- membrane, + G. tomos, cutting.] A knife used for paracentesis of the membrana tympani. myringot'omy [L. myringa, drum membrane, -I- G. tome, incision,] Incision of the membrana tym- pani, paracentesis of the drum-membrane. ^ myris'tic acid. An acid, CuK^fii, occurring as aglyc- eride in oil of nutmeg, spermaceti, and other oils. myiis'tica [G. myrizo, I anoint.] Nutmeg, the kernel of the seed of Myristica fragrans, a small evergreen tree of the tropics; aromatic and 'slightly -narcotic in doses of gr, 5-10 (0.3-0.6). myr'istin. A glyceride of myristic- acid occurring in oil of nutmeg and other oils. myrob'alan, myrobal'anum [G. myron, a plant juice, -I- balanos, acom.](B.A.) Black myrobalan, the dried immature fruit of Terbinalia chebula; astringent, employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 30-60 (2 .0—4.0), my'ronate. A salt of myronic acid, potass'ium m., sinigrin, the form in which myronic acid occurs in black mustard. myron'ic acid [G. myron, a perfume, a scented oint- ment.] An acid, CuHuNSjO,,,, occurring in black mustard as the potassium salt. my'rosin [G. m.yron, a sweet juice from-plants, + sinapi, mustard.] An enzyme in mustard seed which converts the sinalbin of white mustard into acrinyl sulphocyanide, and the sinigrin of black mustard into allyl isosulphocyanate. myrrh (mur). Myrrha. myrrha (mir'rah) [L. and G,] (U,S., Br,) A gum- resin from Commiphora myrrha, a shrub of Arabia and Eastern Africa; astringent, tonic, and stim- ulant in doses of gr. 10-15 (o- 6-1.0), and employed locally in aphthous sore mouth. myrtiform (raur'tl-form) [L. myrtus, myrtle, -1- forma, form,] Resembling myrtle-leaves or myrtle -berries, m, fossa, incisive fossa, a depres- sion just above the eminences formed by the in- cisor teeth in the maxilla, in which is the attach- ment of origin of the depressor ate nasi muscle. myrtle (mur'tl). Myrtus. myrtol (mur'tol). A distillate of the essential oil of myrtle, employed in bronchitis, cystitis, and menorrhagia in doses of 1112-4 (o, 13-0, 25). myr'tus. The leaves of Myrtus communis, myrtle, employed as an astringent in vesical and bronchial catarrhs in doses of gr. 15—30 (i.o-a.o) or the equivalent in a decoction.' MYSOPHOBIA 6S4 MYZESIS mysophobia (mi-so-fo'bl-ah) [G. mysos, uncleanness, defilement, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of defilement from touching familiar objects. mytacism (mi'ta-sizm) [G. my, the letter /i.] A form of stammering in which the letter m is frequently substituted for other consonants. mythomania (mith-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. mythos, a tale, fiction, + mania, frenzy.] An insane impulse to lie. mythopho'bia [G. mythos, tale, fiction, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal fear of making an incorrect statement. mytilotox'in. A leucomaine, C,H,jNOj, found in mussels, a frequent cause of poisoning. mytilotos'ism [G. mytilos, mussel, + toxikon, poison.] Poisoning by mussels. myurous (mi-u'rus) [G. mys, mouse, + euros, tail.] Gradually decreasing, as a mouse's tail, in thick- ness; noting certain symptoms in process of cessation, and also the heart-beat in certain cases in which it grows feebler and feebler for a while and then strengthens. myzadenitis (miks-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. myxa, mucus, + aden, gland, + -itis.] Inflammation of the mucous glands, m. labia'lis, Baelz's disease, a chronic painless ulceration of the mucous glands of the lips, chilitis glandularis. myzangitis (miks-an-ji'(je')tis) [G. myxa, mucus + angeion, vessel, + -itis^ Inflammation of the ducts of the mucous glands. myxasthenia (miks-as-the'ni-ah ; miks-as-the-ni'ah) [G. myxa, mucus, + astheneia, weakness.] Faulty secretion of mucus. myzede'ma, myxoede'ma [G. myxa, mucus, + oide- ma, swelling.] A trophic disorder marked by hard edema of the subcutaneous tissues, dryness and loss of the hair, subnormal temperature, and hebetude ; it is due to deficiency of thyroid secre- tion following interstitial thyroiditis, congen'- ital m,, cretinism, a form of idiocy and dwarfism with the general symptoms of m. in adults; it is dependent upon congenital atrophy or absence of the thyroid gland, in'fantile m., m. beginning during infancy in consequence of some acquired injury or disease of the thyroid gland; Bissaud type of infantilism, op'erative m., cachexia strumipriva. myxedem'atoid [myxedema, + G. eidos, appearance. Resembling myxedema. myxedem'atous. Relating to myxedema. myxe'mia, myxse'mia [G. myxa, mucus, + haima, blood.] Mucinemia. myxidiocy (miks-id'l-o-sl). Cretinism. myzochondrofibrosarcoma (miks"o-kon"dro-fi"bro- sar-ko'ma) [G. myxa, mucus, -H chondros, carti- lage, + L. fibra, fiber, -I- G. sarx, flesh, -I- -oma.] A mixed tumor containing mucoid, cartilaginous, fibrous, and sarcomatous elements. myxochondroma (miks"o-kon-dro'mah) [G. myxa, mucus, + chondros, cartilage, + -oma.] A mixed chondroma and myxoma. Ilyxococcld'ium stegomy'ise. A protozoon found in the body of the mosquito, Stegomyia calopus, which has sucked the blood of a yellow fever patient ; thought by some to be the causal micro- organism of this disease. myzocysto'ma [G. myxa, mucus, -I- kysiis, bladder, -I- -oma.] A cystic tumor with mucoid contents ; an ovarian cyst with mucous membrane-like lining. myxocyte (miks'o-s!t) [G. myxa, mucus, -I- kytos, cell.] One of the stellate or polyhedral cells present in mucous tissue. derma, skin.] myxoder'mia [G. myxa, mucus, 4 Edematous softening of the skin. myxoede'ma. Myxedema. myxofibro'ma, pi. m-yxofibro'mata [G. myxa, mucus, -I- L. fibra, fiber, -I- G. -oma.] Myxoinoma, a fibroma undergoing mucoid degeneration; one containing more or less extensive areas of mucoid tissue; fibroma myxomatodes. myzofibrosaTComa (miks"o-fi"bro-sar-ko'mah) [G. myxa, mucus, + L. fibra, fiber, -f G. sarx {sark-), flesh, -I- -oma.] A mixed tumor containing mucoid, fibroid, and sarcomatous elements. myxoglioma (miks"o-gli-o'mah) [G. myxa, mucus, -f- glia, glue, -I- -oma.] A mixed glioma and myxoma. myx'oid [G. myxa, mucus, + eidos, resemblance.] Mucoid, resembling mucus, m. cysto'ma, myxo- cystoma. m}rxoidedema, myzoidoedema (miks"oyd-e-de'mah). A severecoryza or influenza. myxoinoma (miks"o-i-no'mah) [G. myxa, mucus, + istin-), fiber, -\- -oma.] An inoma undergoing mucoid degeneration, one containing more or less extensive areas of mucoid tissue; myxofibroma, fibroma myxomatodes. myxolipo'ma, pi. myocolipo'mata [G. myxa, mucus, -1- Upos, fat, -(- -oma.] A mixed lipoma and myxoma; a lipoma undergoing mucoid degenera- tion, lipoma myxomatodes. myzo'ma, pi. myxo'mata [G. myxa, mucus, + -oma.] A tumor composed chiefly of polyhedral or stellate cells embedded in a soft matrix contain- ing mucin, m. fibro'sum, myxoinoma. m. enchondromato'sum, myxochondroma, m. lipo- mato'siun, myxolipoma, m. sarcomato'sum, myx- osarcoma. myxo'matous. Relating to a myxoma. myxomycetes (miks"o-mi-se'tez) [G. myxa, mucus, + m-ykes, fungus.] The slime-moulds or slime- fungi; an order of protozoan organisms of the subclass Mycetozoa, subphylum Sarcodina. myzoneuro'ma [G. myxa, mucus, -t- neuron, nerve, -f- -oma.] A neuroma with myxomatous elements. myxoneurosis (miks"o-nu-ro'sis) [G. myxa, mucus, -t- neurosis.] A neurosis affecting the mucous mem- branes, marked by an excessive secretion; a mucous discharge from the respiratory or intes- tinal mucous membrane, unaccompanied with signs of active inflammation, m. intestina'lis membrana'cea, mucomembranous enteritis. myxopapillo'ma [G. myxa, mucus, + L. papilla + G. -oma.] A papilloma with an admixture of myxomatous elements. myx'opod [G. myxa, mucus, -f poas{pod-), foot.] Schizont. myxorrhe'a, myxorrhce'a [G. myxa, mucus, + rhoia, a flow.] Blennorrhea. myxosarco'ma, pi. myxosarco'mata, myxosarco'mas [G. myxa, mucus, -f sarx, flesh, 4- -oma.] A mixed myxoma and sarcoma ; a tumor of mucoid tissue containing numerous imperfectly differ- entiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells, myxoma sarcomatosum. myx'ospore [G. myxa, mucus, -)- sporos, seed.] One of a number of spores occurring embedded in a gelatinous mass, noted in certain fungi and pro- tozoan organisms. Myzosporid'ia [G. myxa, mucus.] An order of Neosporidia, with pansporoblastic reproduction, the spores having polar capsules containing threads; a number of the members of this order are parasitic in metazoan organisms, both verte- brate and invertebrate. myze'sis [G. myssed, I suck.] Sucking. N. 6SS NAIL N H. Chemical symbol of nitrogen. n. Abbreviation for nasal, normal. Na. Chemical symbol for sodium (natrium). H.A. Abbreviation for numerical aperture of the microscope objective. nab'alus. The herb of several species of Nabalus, especially N. albus, rattlesnake-root, a plant of eastern North, America ; employed as a bitter tonic, and reputed to be antidotal to rattlesnake venom. NajBjOj + ioHjO. Disodic tetraborate, borax. Haboth's glands (nah'b6t) [Martin Naboth, Leipsic anatomist and physician, 1675-1721.] Naboth- ian glands, dilated mucous follicles in the cervix uteri; sometimes called Nabothian follicles, eggs, ova, or ovules; they are minute retention cysts resulting from closure of the openings of the uter- ine cervical glands. Nabothian (na-bo'thi-an). Relating to or named after Martin Naboth,* noting certain glands in the cervix uteri. naBr. Sodium bromide. DaCl. Sodium chloride, common salt. naClO. Sodium hypochlorite. DajCO;. Disodic carbonate, sodium carbonate, sal soda, washing soda. See NaHCOi. nacreous (na'kre-us) [L. nacer, pearl shell.] Irides- cent, lustrous, like mother-of-pearl. N.A.D, Abbreviation for no appreciable disease. Daegele obliq'uity (na'ga-leh) [Franz Carl Naegele, German obstetrician, 1778-1851.] Anterior asynclitism, inclination of the fetal head in cases of flat pelvis, so that the biparietal diameter is oblique in relation to the plane of the brim, the anterior parietal bone presenting to the parturient canal. Hf. pel'vis, see under pelvis. Kaegeli's maneu'ver (na'ga-le) [Otto Naegeli, Swiss physician, *i87i.] Upward traction on thghead, with one hand under the patient's jaw and the other under the occiput, for the relief of epistaxis. nsvolipoma (ne"vo-U-po'mah) [G. lipos, fat.] A nsevus having a fatty tumor as a base, nsevus lipoma todes. nse'vus, ne'vus [L. birthmark.] A congenital mark or discolored patch of the skin due to pigmenta- tion or to hyperplasia of the blood-vessels, cap'- illary n., n. flammeus. hepat'ic n., a hemorrhagic infarct of the liver, n. angiecto'des, n. vascularis, n. angiomato'des, a diffuse angiomatous forma- tion in the subcutaneous connective tissue, ii. aia'neus [L. aranea, spider], a figure represented by red lines radiating from a central red point, caused by congenital or acquired capillary dilata- tion, n. cavemo'sus, angioma cavemosum. u. com eum, ichthyosis hystrix. n. flam'meus, n. vascularis, n. licheno'des, linear ichthyosis, n. linea'ris, ichthyosis linearis, n. lipomato'des, n. lipomato'sus, nsevolipoma, a nasvus containing a large amount of cutaneous fat; a pigmented lipoma ; a mole surmounting a small fatty tumor, n. lu'pus, angioma serpiginosum. n. lymphat'- icus, cutaneous lymphangioma, n. mater'nus, birthmark, congenital n. n. molluscifor'mis, n. lipomatodes. n. nervo'sus, ichthyosis linearis, ii. papilla'iis, linear ichthyosis, n. papillo- mato'sus, a prominent wartlike mole. n. pig- mento'sus, mole, a pigmented spot or patch of varying size, raised or level with the skin. n. pilo'sus, hairy mole, a mole covered with a more or less abundant growth of hair. u. sanguin'eus, n. vascularis, n. spi'lus [G. spilos, stain], a flat mole. n. vascula'ris, n. vasculo'sus, a red dis- coloration of the skin, of irregular size and boundaries, caused by an overgrowth of the cutaneous capillaries, n. veno'sus, one formed of a patch of dilated venules, n. verruco'sus, a a mole raised above the level of the skin, spi'der n., n. araneus. naf'talan. Naphthalan. naga'na. Tsetse-fly disease, a disease of cattle and horses in South Africa due to the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma hrucei; the parasite is carried from the sick to the well by a tsetse fly, Glossina morsiians. Magel's test (nah'gel) [Wilhelm Nagel, German phy- siologist, 1870-1911.] A test for color-vision by means of cards on which the most commonly confused colors are printed in concentric circles. Nageotte cell (nS,-zhut'). A cell found in the cerebrospinal fluid, one or two per cubic milli- meter in health but in greater number in disease. NaHCOs. Monosodic carbonate, sodium bicarbon- ate, cooking soda. naHjPO^. Acid sodium phosphate. HajHPO^. Sodium phosphate, disodic phosphate. nahr'stoff-Hey'den [Ger. Heyden's nutrient mate- rial.] An albumose made from egg-albumin, used in the preparation of various culture media. NaHSOj. Acid sodium sulphate, sodium bisulphate. Hal. Sodium iodide. nail [A.S. nizgel.} i. Unguis, the homy plate covering the dorsal surface of the distal half of the terminal phalanx of each finger and toe. 2. A slender rod of metal, bone, or other solid sub- stance, employed sometimes in surgery to fasten together the divided extremities of a broken bone. egg'shell n., a thinning of the nail with separation from the matrix and upcurving at the anterior border, hang-n., see hangnail, in'growing n., a toenail one edge of which is overgrown by the nail-wall in the shape of a fungous mass, reedy n., one marked by longitudinal ridges and furrows. spoon n,, a raising of the lateral edges of the nail with incurving of the central portion. absence, anonychia, anonychosis. atrophy, onycha- trophia, bed, matrix, onychocline, onychostroma- biting, onychophagy, bleeding beneath, onyohyphe- mia. breaking, onychoclasis, bruising, onychothla- sis. curvature, onychogryposis, onychocampe, curva- tura unguium, Hippocratic finger, disease, on- ychopathy, onychosis, onychonosus; onychomycosis (parasitic), distortion, scabrities unguium, falling of, onychoptosia. hypertrophy, onychauxe, onych- auxis, onychophyma, hyperonychia. incurved, spoon- nail, inflammation about, onychia, paronychia, onychitis, onyxitis, panaris, panaritium, whitlow, felon, run around, ingrowing of, onychocryptosis, onyxis. ingrown, unguis aduncus, acronyx. nutrition of, onychotrophy. outgrowth of fold, pterygium, para- sitic disease, onychomycosis. Quick, eponychium. retraction of fold, ficus unguium, root, onychorrhiza, rhizonychia, radix unguis, softening, onychomalacia, hapaionychia. splitting, onychorrhexis, tumor of bed, onychoma,, onychophosis, ulceration, onychohelcosis; NAIL 656 NARCOHYPNIA onychostromelcosis (of bed), white discoloration, canities unguium, leucopathia unguium, leucunycliia ; I 1. punctata (spots) ; 1. striata (lines) ; 1. totalis (general), white of, lunula, selene, arcus unguium. nail-bed. The portion of the terminal phalanx of finger or toe covered by the nail, nail-matrix. nail-cul'ture. A test-tube culture in which the growth is downward in the shape of an iron nail ; see cut under culture. nail-fold. A groove in the cutis in which lie the margins and proximal edge of the nail. nail-ma'trix. Nail-bed. nail-skin. Eponychium(2). nail-wall. Vallum unguis, the cutis overlying the lateral margins and proximal edge of the nail. Naja (nah'jah) [Hind, nag, a snake.] A genus of venomous serpents, which includes the cobras. H. tripu'dians [L. tripudiare, to dance, to caper], cobra di capello, the hooded snake of India. nak'ra f e'ver. See under fever. nan'ism [G. nanos; L. nanus, dwarf.] Dwarfishness. symptomat'ic n., n. associated with delayed and deficient ossification, dentition, and sexual development. NalfO,. Sodium nitrate. nanocepha'lia, nanoceph'aly [G. nanos, dwarf, H- kepkale, head.] Extreme smallness of the head. nanoceph'alous. Having a very small head. nanoceph'alus. A monster with a very small or imperfectly developed head. nanocor'mla [G. nanos, dwarf, -I- kortnos, trunk of a tree.] Extreme smallness of the body compared with the head and extremities. nanocor'mus. A monster with disproportionately small body. nan'oid [G. nanos, dwarf, + eidos, resemblance.] I. Dwarfish. ■^. A pigmy. nanome'lia [G. nanos, dwarf, -I- melos, limb.] Extreme smallness of the extremities. nenom'elous. Having very small extremities. nanom'elus. A monster with disproportionately small or undeveloped extremities. nanoso'ma, nanoso'mia [G. nanos, dwarf, -I- soma, body.] Dwarfishness, nanism. nanoso'mus. A dwarf. nan'ous. Dwarfish. nan'us [L. ; G. nanos.l A dwarf, a pygmy. BaOH. Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda. Hapa Soda Springs, California. Alkaline-chalybeate- carbonated waters, 65° P. to 68° F. Twenty- seven springs. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, malarial poisoning. Bright 's disease, chronic cystitis, acid conditions of the blood and urine, and diseases of women. nape. i. Nucha, the back part of the neck. j. A variety of cabbage, Brassica campestris. nap'elUne. An alkaloid from the root of Aconitum napellus, possibly identical with aconine; anal- gesic in doses of gr. j-^jy (0.0006). na'pha-water. Orange-flower water, a perfume distilled from orange-flowers. naph'tha [G.] A volatile, colorless, inflammable fluid distilled from petroleum. naph'thalan. A gelatinous substance, a mixture of anhydrous soap and the residue after the distil- lation of a variety of naphtha ; employed alone or mixed with other materials as a protective dress- ing in burns and skin diseases. naphthalene (naf'thal-en), naphthale'num. Tar camphor, a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar and crystallized; occurs as white lustrous plates of tarry odor and burning taste; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 2-8 (o , 13— o.S). naphthalin (naf'thal-in). Naphthalene, n. io'do- form, pulvis iodoformi compositus (N.F.). naph'tbalol. Naphthyl* salicylate, betol. naph'thamine. Hexamethylenamine. naphthofor'min. An antiseptic mixture of naph- thol and formaldehyde. naph'thol, naphtho'lum. A phenol of naphthalene, C,|,H,OH; see alpha-naphthol and beta-naphthol. n. aris'tol, iodonaphthol. n. carboxyl'ic acid, an antiseptic naphthol compound. naph'tholate. A compound of naphthol in which the hydrogen in the hydroxyl radical is substi- tuted by a base. naphthopyrine (naf-tho-pi'ren). An antiseptic com- pound of naphthol and antipyrine. naphthoresorcin (naf-tho-re-zor'sin). A crystalline antiseptic compound of naphthol and resorcin. naphthosal'icin. An antiseptic compound of naph- thol and salicin. naphthosal'ol, Naphthyl salicylate. naphthoz'ol. Trade name of an antiseptic solution containing naphthol, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol. naphthyl (naf'thil). The naphthol radical, C10H7. n. al'cohol, naphthol. n. ben'zoate, benzo- naphthol, benzoyl*-naphthol. n. lac'tate, lactol. n. phe'nol, naphthol. n. salicylate, betol, naphthosalol, napththalol, salinaphthol, formed by the interaction of betanaphthol and salicylic acid in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride; a white, odorless, tasteless powder, insoluble in water; employed in rheumatism, cystitis, and as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). naph'tol. Naphthol. nap'iform [L. napus, turnip, + forma, shape.] Turnip-shaped, applied in description of the liquefaction in a, gelatin stab-culture; see cut under culture, C,2. HajPO,. Basic sodium phosphate, trisodio phos- phate. napropathy (na,-prop'a.-thi[) [Bohemian napravit, to correct -|- G. pathos, suffering.] A system of therapeutic manipulation based on the theory that morbid symptoms are dependent upon strdined or contracted ligaments in the spine, thorax, or pelvis. na'pus. Rape-seed, the seed of Brassica napus, from which rape-seed oil is obtained. narceine (nar'se-en). An alkaloid of opium, CjjHj.NO,, occurring as white, silky crystals, slightly soluble in water; said to be similar in its action to morphine, without the disagreeable effects of the latter, in doses of gr. J-f (0.015- 0045). nar'cism. Narcissism. narcissine (nar-sis'en). An alkaloid prepared from the bulb of the daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus; emetic and cathartic. narcissism (nar-sis'izm) [G. Narkissos, the son of a river god who conceived a consuming passion for the reflection of himself which he saw in a foun- tain.] 1. Self-love, sexual attraction toward one's own person. 2. A state in which the individual regards everything in relation to himself and not to other persons or things. Rarcis'sus [G. narkissos.] A genus of plants of the order Amaryllidaceee, which includes the daffodil, N. pseudonarcissus. narcoanesthesia (nar-ko-an-es-the'zJ-ah). Sur- gical anesthesia by scopolamine-morphine or other narcotic. narcohypnia (nar-ko-hip'nl-ah). [G. narke, numb- ness, + hypnos, sleep.] A general numbness NARCOHYPNIA 657 NATAL sometimes experienced at the moment of waking. nar'colepsy [G. narkosis, a benumbing, + lepsis, a seizure.] i. Petit mal.* 2. Paroxysmal sleep.* narco'ma. Narcosis- narcoma'nia. i. A craving for narcotics. 2. Insanity resulting from a narcotic-drug habit or alcoholism. narcoma'nlac. A subject of narcomania. sarcophen, narcophine (nar'ko-fen nar'ko-fen). Trade name of a synthetic opiate, narcotine- morphine meconate. naico'sis [G. a benumbing.] Stupor or general anesthesia produced by some narcotic drug. insuffla'tion n., general anesthesia induced by passing a tube between the vocal cords into the trachea and insufflating a mixture of com- pressed air and ether. med'uUary n., general anesthesia induced by the injection of a local anesthetic such as cocaine or stovaine in the sheath of the lumbar spinal cord; spinal anes- •thesia(2). n. paral'ysis, paralysis resulting from pressure on a nerve during surgical anes- thesia. naicot'ic. i. Relating to or causing narcosis. 2. An agent which produces profound sleep or general anesthesia. narcot'ico-lr'ritant. Possessing both narcotic and irritant properties, noting certain poisons. nar'cotile. A liquid mixture of various ethyl and methyl chlorides, recommended for the produc- tion of general anesthesia by inhalation. narcotine (nar'ko-ten). An alkaloid of opium, Cjj- HjsNOv, occurring as colorless prisms insoluble in water; antiperiodic in doses of gr. 1-3 (o. 06- o. 2). nar'cotism. Stupor induced by a narcotic drug. nar'cotize. To bring under the influence of a nar- cotic. naicotin'ic acid. An acid obtained by heating narcotine with caustic potassa. nar'cyl. Trade name of ethylnarceine hydro- chloride, antispasmodic; used in whooping-cough and asthma in doses of gr. i (0.06), nard. Spikenard, the rhizome of Aralia racemosa and A. nudicaulis; aromatic. Celtic n., the rhizome of Valeriana celtica, sumbul ekieti. narega'mia. The root of Naregamia alata, Goa ipecac, employed as a. substitute for ipecac in doses of nKio-30 (0.6-2.0) of a tincture. nareg'amine. An alkaloid from naregamia, resem- bling emetine. nar'gol. A trade name for silver nucleinate; a light brownish powder, soluble in warm water and con- taining 10 per cent, of metallic silver; said to be comparatively non-irritating. na'ris, pi. nares [L.] Nostril ; the opening, especially [BNA] the anterior opening, of the nasal fossa on either side, ante'rior n., the nostril, naris [BNA]. poste'rior n., the posterior opening of the nasal fossa on either side, choana [BNA]. nasal (na'zal) [L. nasalis.] Relating to the nose, n. gleet, a catarrhal affection of the horse, marked by a chronic nasal discharge of bluish white color and creamy consistency and sometimes having an offensive odor. n. height, distance between the nasion and the lower border of the nasal aperture, n. index, see index, n. width, max- imum width of the nasal aperture in the macer- ated skull. nascent (nas'ent) [L. nasci, to be bom.] i. Begin- ning, incipient. ^. Noting the state of a chem- ical element at the moment it is set free from one of its compounds. 42 nash'a fe'ver. A fever of short duration accom- panying painful congestion and swelling of the nasal mucous membrane; it has been described as occurring in certain parts of India, but Its identity is questioned. nasioiniac (na"sI-o-in'I-ak). Relating to the nasion and the inion; noting the distance in a straight line between the frontonasal suture and the external occipital protuberance. nasion (na'sl-on) [L. nasus, nose.] A point on the skull corresponding to the middle of the naso- frontal suture. nasitis (na-si'(se')tis) [L. nasus, nose, + G. -iiis.] Rhinitis. Nas'myth's cu'ticle or mem'brane [Alexander Nas- myth, London dentist, bom in Scotland, ^t&^-j.] Cuticula dentis. Na2S04. Neutral sodium sulphate, disodic sulphate Glauber's salt. nasoan'tral. Relating to the nose and the antrum of Highmore. nasoantritis (na"zo-an-tri'(tre')tis). Rhinoantritis. nasofron'tal. Relating to the nose and the fore- head, or to the nasal fossae and the frontal sinuses. nasola'bial [L. nasus, nose, + labium, lip.] Relat- ing to the nose and the upper Up ; noting a mus- cular band comprising the attachment of the mesial fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle to the nasal septum. nasolac'rymal. Relating to the nasal and the lacrymal bones, or to the nasal foss% and the lacrymal ducts, nasomanom'eter. A form of manometer used to determine the intranasal air-pressure and con- sequently the degree of freedom from obstruction of the nasal passages. nasopalatine (na"zo-pal'a-tm). Relating to the nose and the palate; noting a small artery, the con- tinuation of the sphenopalatine, a branch of the , internal maxillary; and a nerve, a branch of Meckel's, or the sphenopalatine, ganglion. nasopharyn'geal. Rhinopharyngeal, relating to the nasal cavity and the pharynx or to the naso- pharynx; noting also a slight groove marking the separation of the nasal cavity from the phar3mx. nasopharyngitis (na-zo-far-in-ji'(je')tis). Rhino- pharyngitis, inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the upper portion of the pharynx and the posterior nares. nasophar'ynx [L. nasus, nose, -f- G. pharynx.'] Rhinopharynx, the upper portion of the pharynx, above the level of the palate. nasorostral (na"zo-ros'tral). Relating to the ros- strum of the sphenoid bone. na'soscope [L. nasus, nose, + G. skopeo, I examine.] Rhinoscope. nasosinuitis, nasosinusitis (na"zo-sin-u-i'(e')tis, na"- zo-si-nus-i'(e')tis) [L. nasus, nose, + sinus + G. -iiis.] Inflammation of the nasal cavities and of the accessory sinuses. nas'rol. Trade name of a salt, usually the sodium salt, of cafleine-sulphonic acid; diuretic in doses of gr. 10—15 (0.6-1.0); called also symphorol. nas'tin [G. nastos, solid, close-pressed.] A fatty body extracted from a culture of Streptothrix leproides by Deycke and Reschad Bey, which it is claimed will produce in conjunction with ben- zoyl chloride an active immunity against the lepra bacillus and other acid-fast bacilli, including the tubercle bacillus. na'sus, gen. na'si [L.] Nose. na'tal. i. [L. natus, birth.] Relating to birth. 2. [L. nates, buttocks.] Relating to the buttocks or nates. NATAL BOIL, N. SORE 658 NECK Natal' boil, H. sore [Natal, a district in South Africa.] Oriental boil.* natality [L. natalis, relating to birth.] The birth- rate, the ratio of births to the general popula- tion. natal'oin. Aloin derived from Natal aloes, an unofficial variety of the drug. nates (na'tez) [pi. of natis.] i. The buttocks. 2. The two anterior bodies or superior hillocks of the corpora quadrigemina, coUiculi superiores [BNA]. natimortality (na-ti-mor-tal'i-ti) [L. natus, birth, + mortalitas, mortality.] The still-birth rate; the proportion of still-births to the general natality. national Formulary (nash'on-al f or'mu-ler-i) . A book issued by the American Pharmaceutical Association, containing several hundred formulas of pharmaceutical preparations, not official in the Pharmacopeia, but in more or less general use by practitioners. It was first issued in 1887 and a third edition appeared in 1906; the latter was made a legal standard in the United States by the provision of the National Food and Drugs Act in January, 1907. Abbreviation: N.F. na'trium [G. natrion, caustic soda or potassa; Ar. natrun, sodium carbonate.] Sodium. na'tron. A native hydrous sodium carbonate. na'trum. The official homeopathic name of sodium. u. muriat'icum, sodium chloride, one part of common salt dissolved in nine parts by weight of distilled water; used in anemia, watery coryza, cold sores, cracked lips, marasmus, intermittent fever, headache, constipation, and mental de- pression, in doses of the 30th to 200th potency. n. phosphor'icum, sodium phosphate; used in cases of general acidity, in rheumatism, heart- bum, acid dyspepsia, and acid diarrhea, in the 3X to I2X trituration, u. sulphu'ricum, sodium sulphate; used in bilious states, influenza, jaun- dice, diabetes, asthma, and renal disorders, in doses of the 3X to i2x trituration. nat'uary [L. naius, birth.] A lying-in ward; a ward for the care of women during childbirth. nat'ural [L. naiura, nature.] Normal, relating to nature; not artificial. Nauheim treat'ment (now'him) [Nauheim "a city in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany.] Treatment of cer- tain cardiac affections by baths in water through which carbonic-acid gas is bubbling, followed by resisting exercises and sometimes the terrainkur.* Called also, after the originators, the Schott* treatment. See Bad Nauheim. Naunyn-Minkowski meth'od (now'nin-min-kov'- ske) [Bernhard Naunyn, German physician, ♦1839; Oskar Minkowski.] Palpation of the kid- ney after distention of the colon with gas. naupathia (naw-path'1-ah) [G. naus, ship, -t- pathos, suffering.] Seasickness. nausea (naw'shyah) [G. nausia, seasickness.] Sick- ness at the stomach, an inclination to vomit. n. gravida'rum [L. gen. pi. of gravida, a pregnant woman], the morning-sickness of pregnant women. nauseant (naw'shyant). Nauseating, causing nausea. nauseate (naw'shyat). To make sick at the stomach. nauseous (naw'shyus). Nauseant. na'vel [A.S. nafela.'] Umbilicus, the depressed scar at the central part of the abdominal wall, marking the point where the umbilical cord was attached in the fetus, n. of the drum membrane, umbo membranae tympani. n. string, umbilical cord. navicula (n&-vik'u-lah) [L. dim. of navis, ship. Possa navicularis. navic'ular [L. navicula, dim. of navis, ship.] Boat- shaped, scaphoid; noting a bone in the carpus and one in the tarsus, n. disease, inflammation of the navicular bone and surrounding structures in the horse ; it is marked in the beginning by in- termittent limping, followed later by atrophy and stiffness of the muscles of the chest and shoulder, or chest founder, caused by the unnatural gait. navicularthritis (n5-vik"u-lar-thri'(thre')tis) [Iji naviculare + G. arthron, joint, H — itis^ Navic- ular disease, podotrochilitis.* ITay'smith's mem'brane. Nasmyth's cuticle. Nb. Chemical symbol of niobium. K.C.A. Abbreviation for neurocirculatory as- thenia.* S.C.I, pow'der. A parasiticide composed of naphthalene, 96, creosote, 2, and iodoform, 2. Kd. Chemical symbol of neodymium. If e. Chemical symbol of neon. Neapol'itan fe'ver. Undulant* fever. near-point. In optics the nearest point at which an object can be seen with perfect distinctness. near-sight. Short-sight, myopia. near-sighted. Myopic, short-sighted. nearsight'edness. Myopia, short-sightedness. nearthrosis (ne-ar-thro'sis) [G. neos, new, + arthro- sis, joint.] Pseudarthrosis, false joint. nebenkem (na'ben-kem) [Ger. neben, near, kern, nucleus.] A mass or shred of chromatin-staining material outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm. Hebinger-Praun opera'tion (na'bing-er-prown) [Ed- ward Praun, German laryngologist, contempo- rary.] For frontal sinus disease; skin incision from the nasofrontal suture at edge of orbit to supraorbital notch; the anterior bony wall is removed by chisel and a vertical cut, 4 to 6 cm. long, is made following the frontal vein. nebula (neb'u-lah) [L. fog, cloud.] i. A faint, fog- like opacity of the cornea. 2. A class of oily preparations in the National Formulary, in- tended for application by atotnization. n. aro- mat'ica (N.F.), aromatic oil spray, a mixture of phenol, menthol, thymol, camphor, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove, and methyl salicylate in light liquid petrolatum, n. eucalypto'lis (N.F.), eucalyptol spray, a solu- tion o£ eucalyptol S, in light liquid petrolatum 95. n. mentho'lis (N.F.), menthol spray, men- thol, 2 per cent., in light liquid petrolatum, n. mentho'lis compos'ita (N.F.), compound men- thol spray, contains menthol i, camphor i, methyl salicylate 0.5, eucalyptol 0.2, and oil of cinnamon 0.2, in light liquid petrolatum 100. n. thymo'Us (N.P.), thymol spray, containing I per cent, thymol in light liquid petrolatum. nebulium (ne-bu'lJ-um) [L. nebula.) A hypothet- ical element alleged to exist in the nebute, as revealed in the spectrum; it is assumed by Nicholson to be one of the four protyles* from which all the elements are formed. nebuliza'tion. Spraying, vapo ization. neb'ulize [L. nebula, mist.] To break up a liquid into a fine spray or vapor, to vaporize. neb'ulizer. An atomizer, a vaporizer; an apparatus for throwing a liquid in the form of a fine spray or vapor. Heca'tor america'nus [L. necator, a murderer.] Uncinaria americana, new-world hookworm. neck [A.S. hnecca.] Cervix, collum, trachelos. I . The part between the shoulders or thorax and the head. 2. In anatomy any constricted por- tion having a fancied resemblance to the neck of an animal, anatom'ical n., collum anatomicum, the constricted portion just below the head of the NECK 659 NEEDLE humerus, back of the n., nucha, nape, scruff. nape of the n., nucha, scruS. n. of a tooth, col- lum dentis, the slightly constricted part of a tooth, covered by the gum, connecting the crown with the root. n. of the womb, cervix uteri. pit of the u., suprasternal notch, scruff of the n., nucha, nape, sur'gical n., coUum chirurgicum, the narrowing portion of the humerus below the tuberosities, so called because fracture is common here, wry n., torticollis. neck-band. Cervical localization of skin lesions in pellagra. necrsemia, necremia (nS-kre'mJ-ah) [G. nekros, dead, + haima, blood.] A condition marked by death of a large proportion of the red blood-cor- puscles. necrec'tomy [G. nekros, dead, + ektome, excision.] Operative removal of any necrosed tissue. necrobacillo'sis. A disease of animals marked by caseonecrotic lesions, and due to the presence of Bacillus necrophorus. necrobiosis (nek-ro-bi-o'sis) [G. nekros, corpse, + biosis, life.] The gradual death of a part in con- sequence of degenerative or retrograde processes; by some regarded as synonymous with necrosis. necrocyto'sis [G. nekros, dead, + kytos, a hollow, a cell.] Cellular necrosis, death of the cells of a part. necrogen'ic [G. nekros, a corpse, -I- gennao, I pro- duce.] Having origin in dead matter. necrogenous (nS-kroj'en-us). Necrogenic. necrobiot'ic. Relating to necrobiosis, necrotic. neciol'ogist. A student of, or one expert in, the interpretation of mortality statistics. necrology (nS-krol'o-jI). i. The science of the collection, classification, and interpretation of mortality statistics. :;. Mortality statistics. 3. A list of members of a society or of other persons having social or business relations who have died within the year or some other definite period of time. necroma'nia [G. nekros, a corpse, + mania, frenzy.] I. A morbid tendency to dwell with longing on death. 2. A morbid attraction to dead bodies. necTom'eter [G. nekros, corpse, + metron, measure.] An instriunent for measuring a dead body or any of its parts or organs. necronec'tomy. Necrectomy. necroph'agous [G. nekros, dead, -H phago, I eat.] i. Living on carrion. 2. Necrophilous. necrophilism (ne-krof'il-'izm) [G. nekros, a corpse, + phileo, I love.] i. A morbid fondness for being in the presence of dead bodies. 2. A sexual perversion in relation to corpses. necroph'ilous [G. nekros, a. corpse, -I- phileo, I am fond of.] Having a preference for dead tissue, noting certain bacteria. necropho'bia [G. nekros, dead, + phobos, fear.] i. Morbid aversion to a corpse, a. Thanatophobia, morbid fear of death. necropneumonia (nek-ro-nu-mo'nu(-ah) [G. nekros, dead, + pneumon, lung.] Gangrene of the lungs. nec'ropsy [G. nekros, corpse, + opsis, view.] Au- topsy, post-mortem examination. necros'copy [G. nekros, corpse, -I- skopeo, I examine.] Necropsy. necrose (nek'roz, nek-roz') [G. nekroo, I make dead.] X. To cause necrosis. 2. To become the seat of necrosis. necrosis (ne-kro'sis) [G. nekrosis, a killing.] Local death ; the death of more or less extensive groups of cells with degenerative changes in the'inter- cellular substance. It is by some distinguished from necrobiosis as being a rapid death due to some definite cause, the latter being gradual and the result of retrograde processes, ca'seous n., n. with the formation of a cheesy material such as occurs in tuberculosis, central n., n. involving the deeper portions of an organ, a bone, or other tissue, coagula'tion n., a condition accompany- ing infarcts, especially of the kidney and spleen, the affected area being converted into a firm, rather homogeneous mass, the process being one of coagulation of proteins of the part, simUar to, or identical with, that occurring in coagulation of blood-serum by a bacterial enzyme, colliq'- uative n., a condition in which necrotic tissues . become soft and almost fluid, of frequent occur- rence in the central nervous tissues, fat n., the death of circumscribed areas of fatty tissue with the formation of whitish foci, fo'cal n., the occurrence of numerous small necrotic foci, usually in the course of various infections and intoxications, liquefac'tion n., colliquative. n. mummifica'tion n., dry gangrene.* n. progre'diens, progressive sloughing, n. usti- lagin'ea, gangrene caused by the long-continued use of ergot, progress'ive empbysem'atous n., gas gangrene, gas phlegmon.* sim'ple n., the occurrence of a hyaline or granular change in the protoplasm with disappearance of the nucleus, the general outlines of the dead tissue being more or less unchanged, to'tal n., death of an entire organ, bone, or other part. Zen'- ker's n., Zenker's degeneration. necrosper'mia [G. nekros, dead.] A discharge of non-living spermatozoa. necrot'ic. Relating to or affected by necrosis. nec'rotize [G. nekroo, I make dead, I mortify.] To necrose. necrot'omy [G. nekros, corpse, + tome, cutting.] i. Dissection. 2. [necrosis^ Operation for the re- moval of a sequestrum or necrosed portion of bone ; necrectomy, osteoplas'tic n., an operation for necrosis of a long bone in which a rectangular flap of bone is sawn and chiselled out on three sides and then broken back, by using the chisel as a lever; the sequestrum is then removed and the cavity curetted and irrigated, and finally the flap of sound bone is replaced. nectan'dra [G. nektar + aner{andr-), man (stamen).] The bark of Nectandra rodicei, bebeeru* bark. nec'tary [G. nektar, nectar.] In botany, any flower- organ which secretes a sweet liquid. nectri'anin. A liquid extract from cultures of Nectria ditissima, an organism producing excres- cences, so-called cancer, on trees; analgesic, and has been suggested in the treatment of cancer in man, in doses of 15145 (3.0) by hypodermic injection, and externally in the form of a paste. zur Nedden's bacill'us (tsoor-ned'en) [M. eur Nedden, German ophthalmologist, *i87o.] A small, slightly curved bacillus found at times in ulcerative conditions of the cornea. needle (ne'dl) . i . A slender, usually sharp-pointed, instrument used for puncturing the tissues, for guiding the thread or wire in suturing, or for pass- ing a ligature around an artery. 2, To separate , the tissues by means of one or two needles, in the dissection of small parts. 3. To perform discission of a cataract by means of a needle or very slender knife, an'eurysm n., ar'tery n., a blunt-pointed curved needle, set in a handle, with the eye at the point, used for passing a ligature beneath and around an artery, as'pirating n., a hollow needle used for withdrawing " fluid from a cavity, an NEEDLE 660 NEISSERIA aspirator tube being attached to one end, the other being thrust into the cavity, cat'aract n., a form of n. or very slender knife used in the removal or the discission of a cataract, explor'ing n., a stout n. with a longitudinal groove, which is thrust into a tumor or cavity in order to deter- mine whether or not fluid is present, the latter escaping externally along the groove, hypo- AsPiRATiNG Needle. der'mic n., a hollow n. similar to, but smaller than, an aspirating n., attached to a syringe; used for injecting liquids beneath the skin or for withdraw- ing fluid for examination from an abscess or cyst. nee'dle-bath. A variety of shower bath in which the water is projected forcibly against a part in the form of very fine jets. Surgical Needles. I, With cutting point for the skin; 2, with round point for suture of the intestine; 3, saddler's needle for the skin; 4, s, 6, 7, curved round-pointed needles for suture of the intestine or peritoneum; 8, 9, curved with cutting point for skin and mucous membrane. nee'dle-carrier. Needle-holder. nee'dle-forceps. Needle-holder. nee'dle-holder. An instrument used for grasping a needle when passing sutures in a cavity or other part not easily reached by the fingers. Nebdlb-holder. nee'dling. i. Discission of a soft cataract. 2. Treatment of an aneurysm by the insertion of a fine needle far enough to reach the opposite wall, the intima of which is then scratched so as to roughen it and induce coagulation. Keef's ham'mer (naf) [Christopher Ernst iVee/, German physician, 1782-1849.] An apparatus for the rapid automatic opening and closing of a galvanic current; called also Wagner's hammer. neencephalon (ne-en-sef'a-lon) [G. neos, new, + enkephalos, brain.] Edinger's term for the higher nerve centers superimposed upon the metameric or propriospinal system (paleen- cephalon) ; it comprises the cerebral cortex and its projecting fibers of the pyramidal tracts. Heftel's' disease' [William Basil Neftel, New York neurologist of Russian birth, 1830-1906.] Pares- thesia of the head and trunk and extreme discom- fort in any but the recumbent position negative (neg'a-tiv) [L. negate, to deny.] Expres- sing denial, nothingness, the absence of result; sign, — . n. electric'ity, resinous electricity, electricity such as is produced by friction of resin or amber, n. glow, violet color appear- ing at the cathode when a current of high poten- tial electricity is passed through a tube from which the air is partially exhausted, n. phase, the temporary lowering of the opsonic index following an injection of bacillary vaccine, n. pole, cathode, the pole of an electric battery connected with the electropositive element, the chemically active pole. neg'ativism [L. negare, to deny, to refuse.] An insane tendency to do the opposite of what one is requested to do. Negri bod'ies or cor'puscles (na'gre) [Adelchi Negri, Italian physician, 1876-1912.] Minute bodies found as cell inclusions in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in rabies ; believed to be the protozoal cause of the disease and called Neuroryctes hydro- phobics. ne'gro [Sp. black.] A person with black skin, thick lips, broad nose, and woolly hair, a native or descendant of a native of equatorial Africa. 11. cachex'ia, geophagy. n. leth'argy, sleeping- sickness. Heisser's coc'cus (ni'ser) [Albert Ludwig Siegmund Neisser, Breslau physician, 18S5-1916.] Micro- coccus gonorrhaece. Neisser's stain (ni'ser) [Max Neisser, German bac teriologist, *i869.] For the polar nuclei of the diphtheria bacillus ; a mixture of 3 parts of solu- tion a (methylene blue i, absorbent alcohol so, distilled water looo, glacial acetic acid 50) and i part solution b (crystal violet i, absolute alcohol 10, distilled water 300) ; after-stain with chrysoi- din. Neisser-Doeringphenom'enon (ni'ser-de'ring) [Ernst Neisser German physician, *i863; Hans Doer- ing, German physician, *i87i.] The lack of hemolytic action in human serum due to the presence of an antihemolytic substance capable of neutralizing the hemolysin normally present; the phenomenon is rare, but has been observed especially in cases of arteriosclerosis and cirrhotic kidney. Nelsser-Wechsberg phenom'enon (ni'ser-vekhs'- berg) [Max Neisser, German physician, *i869; Priedrich Wechsberg, German physician, con- temporary.] Deviation of complement; a bac- teriolytic or hemolytic serum is active only within certain limits of dose, an amount below or in excess of these limits having little or no effect; the solvent effect on blood-cells or bacteria of amboceptor in the presence of complement is therefore lessened or absent when an excess of amboceptor (immune body or specific antibody) is added. Neisseria (ni-se'ri-ah) [after Albert Ludwig Sieg- mund Neisser, Breslau physician, *i85S.] A tentative generic name for diplococci in the shape of flattened hemispheres with the flat surfaces apnosed, like the gonococci. Among the many spscies are the following; N. al'bicans, a form re- NEISSERIA 66i NEOSALVARSAN sembling the gonococcus, but larger, found in the vagina. H. gonorrhoe'se, the gonococcus. H. michel'ii, a species thought to be the cause of trachoma; it resembles the gonococcus and is found in the trachoma granulations. N. rebell'is, a species found In trachoma, possibly the same as N. michelii. N. subfla'va, a pyogenic species foimd in the healthy urethra and vagina. N. weichselbaum'xiy Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis. ne'ko.' Trade name of an antiseptic coal-tar de- rivative, claimed to have a phenol coefficient of l6 to 20. Hflaton's cath'eter (na-U-ton') [Augusta Nilaton, Parisian surgeon, 1807-1873.] A flexible catheter of red rubber. N.'s disloca'tion, wedging of the astragalus between the widely separated tibia and fibula, usually complicated with fracture. H.'s fi'bers, N.'s sphincter, N.'s line, a line drawn from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the tuberosity of the ischium; normally the great trochanter lies in this line, but in cases of iliac dislocation of the hip or fracture of the neck of the femur the trochanter is felt above the line; called also Roser-NUaton line. H.'s probe, a probe with a rough porcelain tip, used in searching for a, bullet which will make a lead mark on the probe. H.'s sphinc'ter, an incon- stant band of circular muscular fibers in the wall of the rectum between three and four inches above the anus. N.'s tu'mor, a fibrous tumor or sarcoma lying between the peritoneum and the muscles of the abdominal wall. nel'avan. Sleep ng-sickness. nemathelminth (ne-mah-thel'minth) [G. nema, thread, -f- helmins, a worm.] A nematode worm, any worm of the order Nematoda. ne'matoblast [G. nema, thread, + blasios, germ.] Spermatoblast. nematocide (ne-mat'o-sid) [nematode + L. cadere, to kill.] I. Destructive to nematoid worms. 2. An agent which kills nematoids. Nemato'da, Nemato'des, Nematoid'ea [G. nema (nemat-), thread, + eidos, form.] An order of Vermes, or worms, mostly parasitic ; the nematode, nematoid, round, or thread worms. The order includes most of the parasitic worms such as the pinworms, roundworms, filariae, trichinae, etc. ne'matode, ne'znatoid [G. nema(nemai-), thread, + eidos, resemblance.] Thread-like, noting a para- sitic worm of the order Nematoda. nematospermia (ne'ma,-to-spur'mi-ah) [G. nSma (nemat-), thread, + sperma, seed.] Spermatozoa with an elongated tail, such as in man; opposed to spkerospermia. Ilencki's test (nentsTce) [Marcellus von Nencki, Polish physician, 1847-1901.] Fuming nitric acid gives a red color when added to a liquid con- taining indol. Henn'dorf, Prussia. Sulphurous waters. Cold Sulphurous mud baths. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic gout and rheumatism, arthritis, neuralgia, catarrh of the respiratory organs, asthma, scrofula, metallic poisonings, skin affec- tions, hemorrhoids, neuroses, and diseases of women. May 1 to October 1. neo- [G. neos, new.] A prefix noting new or recent. neoarsphenamine (ne-o-ar-sfen-am'en). Amer- ican made neosalvarsan. neoarsyco'dile. Arrhenal, sodii* methylarsenas. neoarthro'sis. Nearthrosis. neocytosis (ne-o-si-to'sis) [G. neos, new, -f- kytos, cell, + -osis.} Presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood, " deviation to the left." / neodiarsenol (ne-o-di-ar'se-nol). Trade name of a remedy, made in Canada, similar in composi- tion and therapeutic action to neosalvarsan. neoencephalon (ne-o-en-sef 'a-lon) . Neencepha- lon. neoferr'um [G. neos, new, -|- L. ferrum, iron.] Trade name of a mixture of arsenic, iron, maltine, and manganese in sherry; recommended in anemia and as a general tonic. neofe'tal. Relating to the neofetus, noting the period of intrauterine life embracing the second half of the second month or the eighth and ninth weeks. neofe'tus. The intrauterine organism in the tran- sition period between embryo and fetus. neofor^mans. Micrococcus neoformans. neoforma'tion [G. neos, new, + L. formare, to form.] X. Neoplasm. 2. Regeneration. neog'ala [G. neos, new, + gala, milk.] The first milk formed in the breasts after childbirth. neogen'esis [G. neos, new, + genesis, production.] Regeneration, new formation. neogenet'ic. Relating to ne genesis. neohy'men [G. neos, new, -I- hymen, membrane.] Pseudomembrane, false membrane. neokharsivan (ne-o-kar'se-van). Trade name of an English-made substitute for neosalvarsan, employed in the same manner and dosage as the latter. neokinetic (ne"o-kin-et'ik) [G. neos, new, + kinetikos, relating to movement.] Noting one of the divisions of the motor system of peripheral nerves, the function of which is the transmission of isolated synergic movements of cortical origin; it represents a more highly specialized form of movement than the paleokinetic function (g.».) and is subserved by a corticospinoneural system. neologism (ne-ol'o-jizm) [G. neos, new, -I- logos, word.] A form of lalopathy in which the patient coins new and meaningless words. neomem'brane [G. neos, new.] Pseudomembrane, false membrane. ne'omorph, neomor'phism [G. neos, new, -J- morphe, form.] A new formation; a structure found in higher organisms, no, or only slight, traces of which exist in lower orders. ne'on [G. neos, new.] A gaseous element in the atmosphere, separated from argon by Ramsay in 1898; symbol Ne, atomic weight 20. neona'tal [G. neos, new, -1- L. natalis, relating to birth'.] Relating to the period Immediately suc- ceeding birth. neona'tus [G. neos, new, -1- L. natus, bom.] New- bom. neopal'lium [G. neos, new.] The pallium of the cortex (which is of more recent origin), as dis- tinguished from the olfactory portion, or archi- pallium. neophobia (ne-o-fo'bif-ah) [G. neos, new, + phobos, fear.] Cainophobia, morbid dread of anything new or of novelties. neophre'nia [G. neos, new, + phren, mind.] Any form of insanity occurring in a child. neoplasia [G. neos, new, -I- plasis, a moulding.] The formation of new tissue or of a tumor. ne'oplasm [G. neos, new, -I- plasma, thing formed.] A new growth, tumor.* histoid n., a tumor of a structure similar to that of the part from which it springs. neoplas'tic. Relating to a neoplasm. ne'oplasty. i. Neoplasia. 2. Reparative or plas- tic surgery. neosal'Taisan [G. neos, new.] No. 914; a condensa- NEOSALVARSAN 662 NEPHROCYSTITIS tion product of salvarsan and formaldehyde- sulphoxyl-acid sodium; it differs from No. 606 in being neutral in reaction, more soluble, and less toxic, being especially adapted for intra- muscular injection. Neosporid'ia [G. neos, new, + sporos, seed.] A class of Sporozoa in which sporulation occurs without the loss of individuality of the parent cell. neostriatum (ne-o-stri-a'tum) . The caudate nu- cleus and putamen, considered as one. neothalamus (ne-o-thal'a-mus) [G. neos, new, -|- thalamus.'\ The cortical portion of the thal- amus. neozyme (ne'o-zTm) [G. neosj new -f- zyme, leaven.] Metathrombin activated temporarily by the addi- tion of decinormal alkali solution followed by neutralization with acid, nepenthe (ne-pen'the) [G. nepenthes, removing sorrow.] Trade name of a. deodorized prepara- tion of opium of the same strength as the ofiScial tincture. nep'eta. Catnip, catmint, the herbage of .Nepeta cataria; used as a domestic remedy in infantile colic, hysteria, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea in the form of a tea, or infusion; dose of the fluid- extract, 3i— r (2.0-4.0). nephelom'eter [Gr. nephele, cloud, meiron, measure.] An instrument for estimating the number of bacteria in a suspension, used as a- vaccine in opsonic therapy, by comparing its opacity with that of one of a series of standardizing tubes con- taining precipitates of barium sulphate of varying density. nephelom'etry [G. nephele, cloud, -I- meiron, measure.] The determination of the degree of cloudiness or turbidity in a fluid, such as the urine. nephelopia (nef'el-o'pi-ah) [G. nephele, cloud, + ops(op-), eye.] Dimness of vision due to cataract or cloudiness of the cornea. nephradenoma (nef-rad-e-no'mah) [G. nephros, kidney.] Adenoma of the kidney. nephral'gia [G. nephros, kidney, + algos, pain.] Pain in the kidney. nephral'gic. Relating to nephralgia. nephrapos'tasis [G. nephros, kidney, + apostasis, an abscess.] Abscess of the kidney ; pyonephrosis. nephrato'nia, nephrat'ony [G. nephros, kidney, -I- a- priv. -I- tonos, tension.] Diminished functional activity of the kidneys. nephrauze (nS-frawk'se) [G. nephros, kidney, + auxe, increase.] Hypertrophy of the kidney. nephrectasia, nephrectasy (nef-rek-ta'sl-ah, nef- rek'ta-si) [G. nephros, kidney, + ektasis, exten- sion.] Dilatation of the pelvis of the kidney. nephrec'tomize. To perform nephrectomy upon. nephrec'tomy [G. nephros, kidney, + ekiome, excision.] The operation of removing a kidney. abdom'inal n., removal of the kidney through an anterior incision, involving a double incision of the peritoneum, paraperiton'ealn., n. performed by an incision in the side below the ribs, the kid- ney being reached by a blunt dissection behind the peritoneum. nephrelco'sis [G. nephros, kidney, + helkosis, ulcer- ation.] Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the pelvis or calyces of the kidney. nephre'mia, nephrae'mia [G. nephros, kidney, + haima, bled.] Hyperemia or congestion of the kidney. neph"remphrax'i8 [G. nephros, kidney, + emphraxis, a stoppage.] Obstruction in the renal tubules. neph'ria. Bright 's disease. neph'ric. Relating to the kidney, renal. nephrid'ium [G. nephridios, relating to the kidney.] One of the segments in the embryo developing into the excretory portion of the kidney and a portion of the ovary or testis. neph'rin. Cystin. nepb'rism. The aggregate of symptoms character- istic of chronic disease of the kidneys. nephrit'ic. Relating to or suffering from nephritis. nephrit'ides. Plural of nephritis. nephritis (ne-fri'(fre')tis) [G. nephros, kidney, + -iiis.l Inflammation of the kidneys, acute' n,, an acute inflammation affecting chiefly the paren- chyma of the kidney; it is characterized by the presence of albumin, and often blood, in the urine, by reduction in amount of the urine, edema, headache, and often nausea, acute' intersti'tial n., a form occurring usually in children, in which there is an extensive infiltration of cells resembling plasma-cells; the kidneys are enlarged and the. tissue is soft and friable, catar'rhal n., acute n chronic u., a progressive diffuse inflammatory and degenerative process in the kidneys; the symptoms ^n the early stages are not pronounced, in the later stages one sees emaciation, edema, and uremic manifestations; the pathological changes are those of the small white kidney and the large white kidney; granular kidney is usually regarded as a noninflammatory sclerotic degeneration, not strictly a nephritis, croupous n., acute n. desquam'ative n., acute n. diffuse' n., inflammation involving all of the kidney structures. ez'udatiTe n., inflammation of the kidneys in which there is exudation of the serum and usually also of the formed elements of the blood, glomer'ular n., chronic inflammation of the kidney involving chiefly the glomeruli, in'- durative n., a chronic inflammation of the kidney characterized by a marked increase of the con- nective-tissue stroma and atrophy of the secreting portions of the organ, intersti'tial n., a form in which the interstitial connective tissue is chiefly affected, parenchy'matous n., inflammation of the stroma of the kidneys ; the chronic form con- stitutes what is called the large white kidney, see chronic n. produc'tive n., inflammation of the kidneys in which there is an exudation of the serum, and usually also of the formed elements, of the blood, together with a proliferation of the connective-tissue stroma, tubal n., parenchyma- tous nephritis in which there are pronounced lesions of the straight and convoluted tubes, with desquamation of the epithelium and the presence of cylinders, ura'nium n., an expert- . mental nephritis produced by the administration of uranium nitrate. nephrocapsec'tomy [G. nephros, kidney, + L. cap- sula, capsule, -I- G. ekiome, excision.] Stripping away the capsule of the kidney for the relief of chronic nephritis; Edebohl's operation. nephrocar'diac [G. nephros, kidney, -I- kardia, heart.] Relating to the kidney and the heart. nephrocele (nef'ro-sel) [G. nephros, kidney, + kele, hernia.] Hernial displacement of a kidney. nephrocol'ic, nephrocol'ica [G. nephros, kidney, + kolike, colic] Renal colic. nephrocystanastomosis (nef"ro-sist"an-as-to-mo'sis) [G. nephros, kidney, + kystis, bladder, H- anas- tomosis, an outlet.] The establishment of an artificial connection between the kidney and the bladder, in case of permanent obstruction of the ureter. nephrocystitis (nef-ro-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. nephros, kidney, -t- kystis, bladder, + -iiis.] Inflamma- tion of both kidney and bladder. NEPHROCYSTOSIS 663 NEROLI nephrocysto'sis [G. nephros, kidney, + kystis, cyst.1 The formation of renal cysts. nephroerysipelas (nef"ro-er-I-sip'e-las). Acute in- flammation of the kidney occurring with erysip- elas; erysipelatous inflammation of the renal tubules. neph"rogenet'ic, neph"rogen'ic [G. nephros, kidney, + gennetos, begotten.] Originating in the kidney. nephrogenous (nef-roj'en-us) [G. nephros, kidney, + gennao, 1 produce.] Nephrogenetic. nephrohe'mia, nephrohs'mia. Nephremia. neph"rohydro'sis [G. nephros, kidney, -I- hydor, water.] Hydronephrosis. neph"rohyper'trophy [G. nephros, kidney.] Hyper- trophy of the kidney, nephrauxe. neph'roUth [G. nephros, kidney, + lithos, stone.] Renal calculus. nephrolithiasis (nef"ro-lI-thi'a-sis) [G. nephros, kid- ney, + lithos, stone.] Renal calculus or gravel. nephroUthot'omy [G. nephros, kidney, + lithos, stone, -1- tome, incision.] Incision into the kid- ney for the removal of a renal calculus. nephrol'ogist. One who makes a special study of the kidney and its diseases ; a specialist in diseases of the kidney. nephrol'ogy [G. nephros, kidney, -I- -logia.'] The branch of medical science which deals especially with the kidneys. nephrol'ysin. An antibody causing destruction of the cells of the kidneys, formed in response to the injection of an emulsion of renal substance; it is specific for the species from which the antigen has been obtained. nephrol'ysis [G. nephros, kidney, + lysis, loosening, solution.] I. Freeing of the kidney from adhe- sions of inflammatory origin, with preservation of the capsule. 2. Destruction of the kidney cells by the action of a nephrolysin. nephrolyt'ic. Relating to or causing nephrolysis. nephromala'cia [G. nephros, kidney, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the kidneys. nephromegaly (nef-ro-meg'ah-ll) [G. nephros, kid- ney, + me gas {me gal-), great.] Extreme hyper- trophy of one or both kidneys. nephromere (nef'ro-mer) [G. nephros, kidney, -I- meros, a part.] The protovertebral somite or mesomere in the embryo whence arises the future kidney. nephroparal'ysis [G. nephros, kidney.] Abeyance of the secreting function of the kidney. nephrop'atby [G. nephros, kidney, + pathos, suffer- ing.] Any disease of the kidney. neph'ropezy [G. nephros, kidney, + pexis, flxation.] The operative flxation of a floating kidney. nephrophthisis (ne-frof'the-sis). i. Suppurative nephritis with wasting of the substance of the organ. 2. Tuberculosis of the kidney. nephropto'sia [G. nephros, kidney, + ptosis, a falling.] A downward displacement or falling of the kidney. nephropyelitis (nef"ro-pi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. nephros, kidney, + pyelos, basin (pelvis), -I- -itis.] In- flammation of the pelvis of the kidney. nephropyo'sis [G. nephros, kidney, -I- pyon, pus.] Suppuration of the kidney nephrorrha'gia [G. nephros, kidney, H- rhegnymi, I break forth.] Hemorrhage into the renal tubules and pelvis. nephror'rhaphy [G. nephros, kidney, -I- rhaphe, suture.] Nephropexy by suturing the kidney in place. nephroscle'ria [G. nephros, kidney, -^ skleria, hardness.] Nephrosclerosis. nephrosclero'sis [G. nephros, kidney, + sklerosis. hardening.] Induration of the kidney from over- growth and contraction of the interstitial con- nective tissue. nephro'sis [G. vephros, kidney.] Nephropathy. nephrospasia, nephrospasis (nef-ro-spa'sH-ah, ne-fros'- pa-sis) [G. nephros, kidney, + spasis, a pulling.] Floating kidney in which the organ is attached only by the blood-vessels entering at the hilus. nephros'toma, neph'rostome [G. nephros, kidney, -I- stoma, mouth.] One of the ciliated funnel- shaped openings by which the tubules of the nephridium communicate with the coelom. nephros'tomy [G. nephros, kidney, -t- stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an opening between the pelvis of the kidney and the external surface of the body. neph'rotome [G. nephros, kidney, + iomos, a slice.] Nephromere. nephrot'omy [G. nephros, kidney, H- tome, an incision.] Incision into the substance of the kidney. nephrotoz'ic. Relating to nephrotoxin; poisonous to the cells of the kidney; nephrolytic. nephrotoz'in. A cytotoxin specific for cells of the kidney. nephrotre'sis [G. nephros, kidney, + tresis, a bor- ing.] The establishment of a permanent open- ing into the kidney from the loin for the purpose of giving exit to the renal excretion. neph"rotuberculo'sis [G. nephros, kidney.] Tuber- culosis of the kidney, renal tuberculosis. nephroty'phoid. Acute nephritis, or symptoms suggesting it (lumbar pain, albuminuria, edema, etc.), caused by the typhoid bacilli or their toxin in a case of typhoid fever. nephroty'phus [G. nephros, kidney.] Acute hemor- rhagic nephritis occurring as a complicating lesion in typhus fever. nephro-ureterectomy (nef"ro-u-re"ter-ek'to-mI) [G. nephros, kidney, + ureter, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter. nephrozy'mase [G. nephros, kidney.] An enzyme resembling diastase in its ferment action, some- times found in the urine. nephrozymosis (nef-ro-zi-mo'sis). An infectious disease with renal localization. nephrydro'sis. Nephrohydrosis, hydronephrosis.* nepiology (ng-pJ-ol'o-ji) [G. nepios, infant, + -ology.] The branch of pediatrics dealing with young infants. nerian'thjn. A glucoside from Nerium odorutn, oleander, resembling digitalis somewhat in its action on the> heart and kidneys ; dose gr. -jj-J (0.006-0.012). neriin (ne'ri-in). A glucoside from the leaves and bark of the oleander; employed as a substitute for digitalis. Ne'rium [G. neribn, oleander.] A genus of shrubs of the Mediterranean region, of the order Apocy- nace(B, or dogbane family; see oleander. Nemst lamp [Walther Nernst, Berlin physicist, *i864.] An electric lamp in which the mag- nesium filament is not enclosed in a vacuum, but is exposed to the air; it gives a light of great actinic power. H.'s the'ory, the passage of an electric current through the tissues causes a dissociation of the ions, with consequent con- centration of salts in the solution bathing the cell membranes, the electric stimulus being thereby effected. ner'oli [after Princess Neroli.] An essential oil distilled from the bitter orange; the basis of cologne water and various other perfumes. NERVE 664 NERVE- FIBRIL nerve (nurv) [L. nervus.] i. A whitish cord, made up of nerve-fibers arranged in bundles held to- gether by a connective-tissue sheath, through which stimuli are transmitted from the central nervous system to the periphery or the reverse. 2 . In botany, vein, rib, one of the bundles of fibro- vascular tissue in a leaf or petal, accel'erator n., a n. containing fibers from the medulla convey- ing impulses which increase the rapidity of the heart's action, aff'erent n., a n. conveying im- pulses from the periphery to the central nervous system, centrifugal n., eflerent n. centrip'etal n., afferent n. cra'nial n., one of twelve pairs of nerves emerging from the brain or intracranial portion of the central nervous system, crota- phit'ic II. [G. kroiaphos, temple], the superior maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, nervus* maxillaris. depres'sor n., an afiferent n., stimulation of which excites a reflex vasodi- latation thereby lowering the blood-pressure. efferent n., a n. conveying impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery, eighth n., eighth cranial n., nervus acusticus; according to the old nomenclature which counted but nine cranial nerves, the eighth included what are now called ninth, tenth, and eleventh, or glosso- pharyngeus, vagus, and accessorius. elev'enth n., eleventh cranial n., nervus accessorius. esod'ic a. [G. es(eis), in, + hodos, way], afferent n. ex- citore'flex n., a visceral n. the special function of which is to cause reflex action, exod'ic n. [G. ex, out, -t- hodos, way], efferent n. fifth n., fifth cranial n., nervus trigeminus, first n., first cranial n., nervus olfactorius. fourth n., fourth cranial n., nervus trochlearis. fur'cal n., nervus furcalis. gan'gliated n., a sympathetic n. inhib'itoiy n., a n. conveying impulses which diminish functional activity in a part, mixed n., a nerve containing both afferent and efferent fibers, mo'tor n., an efferent n. conveying an impulse which excites muscular contraction, n. of arrest', inhibitory n. n. of a tooth, dentinal* pulp, ninth n., ninth cranial n., nervus glossopharyngetis; under the old nomenclature, which counted but nine cranial nerves the ninth was what is now the twelfth or hypoglossus. pres'sor n., an afferent n., stimulation of which excites a reflex vaso- constriction thereby raising the blood pres- sure, sec'ond n., second cranial n., nervus opticus, secre'toiy n., a n. conveying impulses which excite functional activity in a gland, sen'- Bory n., an afferent n. conveying stimtili from the outer world which are translated by the central nervous system into the conciousness of sensation. sev'enth n., seventh cranial n., nervus facialis; under the old nomenclature, which counted but nine cranial nerves, the seventh included what are now called the seventh and the eighth, or the facialis and acusticus. sixth n., sixth cranial n., nervus abducens. somat'ic n., one of the nerves of sensation or motion, as distinguished from the trophic and secretory nerves, space n., one of the branches of the nervus acusticus distributed to the semicircular canals, spi'nal n., one of the nerves emerging from the spinal cord; there are thirty-one pairs, each attached to the cord by two roots, anterior and posterior [BNA], or ven- tral and dorsal ; the latter is provided with a cir- cumscribed enlargement or ganglion; the two roots imite in the intervertebral foramen, and the nerve, with fibers from both roots, almost imme- diately divides again into anterior and posterior rami [BNA], or anterior and posterior primary divisions, the former supplying the foreparts of the body and the limbs, the latter the muscles and skin of the back, splanch'nic n., one of the nerves supplying the viscera, sympathet'ic n., one of the nerves of the sympathetic* nervous system, tenth n., tenth cranial n., nervus vagus third 11., third cranial n., nervus ociilomotorius. trisplanch'nic n., sympathetic n. troph'ic n., a n. which is assumed to regulate metabolism and growth of the tissues, twelfth n., twelfth cranial n., nervus hypoglossus. vasomo'tor n., a motor n. effecting dilatation (vasodilator n.) or contrac- tion (vasoconstrictor n.) of the blood-vessels. anatomy, neuranatomy, neurotomy, atrophy, neur- atrophia, neuratrophy, neurophthisis. axis-cylinder, neuraxon, neurite. bruising (operative), neuragmia, neurotripsy, cell, neuron, neurocyte, connective- tissue framework, endoneurium. crushing, neuiagmia, neurotripsy, cutting, neurotomy, description of, neurography, disease, neuropathy; neuremia, neuro- sis (functional), displacement, neurectopia, evulsion, neurexairesis. excision, neurectomy. exhaustion, neurolysis, neurasthenia, ganglion, neuroganglion, neuroploca. hardening, neurosclerosis. impaired function, dysneuria. inflammation, neuritis, neuro- phlogosis, neurophlegmon; neuritis multiplex, poly- neuritis, panneuritis (of many nerves), nutrition of, neurotrophy. pain, neuralgia, neurodynia, pha- gocyte destroying, neurophage. plastic surgery, neuroplasty. press- ure on, neurothlipsis. puncture, neuronyxis. regeneration, neura- nagenesis, neuranaphysis, science relating to, neurology, neuropa- thology, sheath, epineurium ; perineurium (around nerve bundle) : neurilemma, neurymen (around fiber); sheath of Henle (around terminal fiber) ; axolemma (around axis-cylinder), stretching, neurec- tasia, neurotension, neurotony. substance, neuroplasm; neurochitin (of supporting framework) ; neu- roglia (supporting), suture, neuro- suture, neurorrhaphy, transplanta- tion from bony canal to soft tissue, neurosarcocleisis. treatment of dis- ease, neurotherapy , neuriatria. tumor, neuroma, neurofibroma, neuroneoplasm. wound, neurotro- sis, neuiotiauma. nerve-block. The arrest of the passage of impulses through a nerve by mechanical or chem- ical means, such as the injec- tion of alcohol, cocaine, quinine and urea hydrochloride, etc. nerve-cav'ity. The pulp-cavity of a tooth. nerre-cell. Neuron. nerve-cen'ter. Nervous center.* nerve-cep'tor. Ceptor (2). nerve-cor'puscle. Nerve-nucleus. nerve-end'ing. Any one of the specialized terminations of a nerve, variously styled end- bulbs, taste-bulbs, tactile cor- puscles, nerve-hillocks, etc. nerve-fi'ber. One of the tmits of a nerve-trunk; it is the axis- cylinder process of a neuron and is either meduUated, i. e. sur- rounded by the white substance of Schwann (myelin), or non-medullated; either the meduUated or non-medullated axis-cylinder may or may not be surroimded by the primitive sheath or neurilemma, so that there are four forms of nerve-fibers. nerve-fi'bril. One of a number of fine threads forming a net-work in the body of a ganglion nerve-cell and extending into the dendrites; they Medullated Nerve-fiber (schematic). , I, Sheath of Schwann; 2, me- dullary sheath; 3, nucleus of neurilemma; a, nuclei of Hemes sheath; 5, in- cisure of Schmidt; 6, node of Ran- vier, sometimes crossed, some- times not crossed, by the neurilemma: 7, axon; 8, axolem- ma; 9, cement substance. ;rve-fibril 66s NERVUS re believed to form the conducting part of the erve-fibeis. re-gan'gUon. Ganglion (i). re-graft'ing. The insertion of nerve substance •cm a rabbit or other animal to fill a gap be- if een the divided ends of a nerve ; the grafted issue acts as a bridge and does not form part f the new tissue. re-hill'ock. i. Doyfere's eminence or hillock, ae slight prominence where a nerve-fiber enters lie muscle. 2. Neuromast. ve-nucleus (nurv-nu'kle-us). An oval body, ne to each internode, lying beneath the leurilemma in a depression in the medtillary ubstance of a nerve-fiber. ve-pain. Neuralgia. re-papill'a. One of the papillae in the skin con- lining a tactile corpuscle or other form of end- rgan. re-root. One of the two bundles of nerve-fibers, merging from (or entering) the spinal cord on ither side, which join to form a spinal nerve ; the nterior or ventral roots contain the motor fibers nd emerge from the cord on either side of the nteromedian fissure in the anterior root-zone; he posterior or dorsal roots contain the sensory ibers and enter the cord in the posterolateral ulcus; each dorsal root is provided with a ganglion. ve-stretch'ing. The operation of forcibly extend- Qg or stretching a nerve-trunk, resorted to in the reatment of obstinate neuralgia; neurectasia, leurectasis, neurectasy, neurotension, ueurotony. ve-Bu'ture. Neurorrhaphy. Te-tire. Neurasthenia. ve-tract. A bundle or group of white nerve- ibers in the brain or spinal cord, ■ve-trunk. A collection of ftuiiculi or bundles of lerve-fibers enclosed in a connective-tissue iheath, the epineurium •ve-tu'mor. Neuroma. ■'vi. Plural of nervus, nerve, n. nervo'rum L. nerves of lierves], nerves distributed to the heaths of nerve- trunks. ■vimotil'ity. Capability of movement in response ;o a nervous stimulus. ■vimo'tion [L. nervus, nerve, + motus, motion.] Movement in response to a nervous stimulus. ■vimo'tor. Relating to a motor nerve. ■vimus'cular [L. nervus, nerve, + musculus, nuscle.] Relating to both nerves and muscles; •elating to the nerve-supply of a muscle. Tine (nur'ven). i.. Acting therapeutically, specially as a sedative, upon the nerves or nerve lenters. 2. An agent which increases nerve-force md lessens irritability, male n., cypripedium. Tocidine (nur-vos'i-den) [L. nervus, nerve, + ■adere, to kill.] A local anesthetic, the hydro- jhloride of an alkaloid from an East Indian plant, 'flsuhasu. r'vosine. Trade name of a mixture of valerian md iron, recommended in hysteria in doses of rr. 3-s (0.2-0.3). Tosism (nxir'vo-sizm). i. Nervousness; nervous irethism. 2. The theory which regards varia- ;ions in nerve force as the basis of all patho- ogical change. Tos'ity. Nervosism (1). r'vous. 1. Relating to a nerve or the nerves. 2. Easily excited or agitated; suffering from insta- iility or weakness of nerve action, n. exhaus'- ion, n. prostra'tion, neurasthenia, n. system, ;he entire nerve apparatus of the body, including :he brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia; the brain and spinal cord with the nerves arising from them constitute the cerebrospinal n, system; the sympathetic n. system, is composed of the extraspinal ganglia with their nerves, n. tissue, the differentiated tissue composing the n. system ; see tissue. ner'vousness. A condition of unrest and of irrita- bility of the nerve-centers. ner'vus, gen. and pi. ner'vi [L.] Nerve. n. abdu'cens [BNA], abducent nerve, 6th cranial nerve, a small motor nerve supplying the external rec- tus muscle of the eye; its origin is in the dorsal part of the tegmentum of the pons just below the surface of the rhomboidal fossa, and it emerges from the brain in the fissure between the posterior border of the pons and the anterior end of the pyramid of the pons; it passes along the cavernous sinus and enters the orbit through the sphenoidal fissure. n. accesso'rius [BNA], accessory nerve, spinal acces- sory nerve, nth cranial nerve, arises frona the medulla and from the spinal cord as far down as the level of the fifth cervical nerve, and emerges from the side of the medulla and the cord in two parts, accessory and spinal; the former joins the vagus in the jugular fora- men supplying the cardio-inhibitory and the viscero- motor fibers of that nerve; the spinal portion passes down the neck and supplies the stemomastoid and trapezius muscles. n. acus'ticus [BNA], acoustic nerve, auditory nerve, portio mollis, 8th cranial nerve, the nerve of hearing; it has two roots, vestibular and cochlear, the former terminates in a ganglion close to the restiform body, the latter in three nuclei, but chiefly in the nucleus of Deiters in the lateral wall of the fourth ventricle; the radix vestibularis emerges from the brain between the olive and the restiform body, the radix cochlearis winds round the outer side of the restiform body; the two roots unite arid pass through the internal acoustic meatus when the roots again separate to form the n. vestibuli and n. cochlea. n. alveola'ris infe'rior [BNA], inferior alveolar nerve, inferior dental nerve, one of the terminal branches of the mandibular, passing down to enter the inferior dental canal, then distributing branches to the teeth. n. alveola'ris supe'rior [BNA], superior alveolar nerve, posterior dental nerve, a branch (sometimes two branches) of the maxillary in the pterygopalatine canal, passing through the pterygomaxillary fissure and supplying gums and molar teeth. n. ampulla'ris [BNA], ampullar nerve, one of three branches of the acoustic nerve; two from the vestibular trunk going to the arapullEe of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, the third from the cochlear trunk going to the ampulla of the inferior semicircular canal. ner'vi anococcyge'i [BNA], anococcygeal nerves, several small nerves arising from the lower portion of the pudendal plexus (coccygeal plexus), supplying the posterior portion of the levator ani muscle and the skin over the coccyx. n. audito'rius, auditory nerve, n. acusticus [BNA]. n. auricula'ris magnus [BNA], great auricular nerve, arises from the 2d and 3d cervical, supplies the skin of part of the ear, adjacent portion of the scalp, and cheek and angle of the jaw. n. auricula'rls poste'rior [BNA], posterior auricular nerve, a branch of the n. facialis, supplying the pos- terior surface of the auricle. n. auric"ulotempora'lis [BNA], auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular, usually by two roots embracing the middle meningeal artery; it passes backward beneath the external pterygoid muscle, between the external lateral ligament and the neck of the mandible, and through the parotid gland, terminat- ing in the skin of the temple and scalp. n. azilla'ris [BNA], axillary nerve, circumflex nerve, arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla, passes downward and outward with the posterior circumflex artery, and winds round the surgical neck of the humerus supplying the deltoid and teres minor muscles. n. bucca'lis, buccal nerve, n. buccinatorius [BNA]. n. buccinato'riuB [BNA], buccinator nerve, buccal nerve, a sensory branch of the masticator nerve. ERVUS 666 NERVUS passing downward and forward on the buccinator muscle, supplying the buccal mucous membrane and the skin of the cheek near the angle of the mouth. n. bigem'inus [L. twin], the third sacral nerve the anterior primary division of which divides to enter into the formation of both sacral and pudendal plexuses. n. canalis pterygoid'ei [BNA], nerve of the ptery- goid canal, Vidian nerve, the nerve constituting the motor and sympathetic roots of Meckel's ganglion; it is formed in the foramen lacerum by the union of the larger superficial petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves, and runs through the Vidian (pterygoid) canal to the pterygopalatine fossa. n. cardi'acus infe'rior [BNA], inferior cardiac nerve, a nerve passing from the inferior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic, receiving fibers also from the first thoracic ganglion, to the cardiac plexus. n. cardi'acus me'dius [BNA], middle cardiac nerve, a bundle of fibers ruilning downward from the middle cervical ganglion of the sympathetic, along the sub- clavian artery (on the left) or the innominate (on the right side) to join the cardiac plexus. n. cardi'acus supe'rior [BNA], superior cardiac nerve, arises from the lower part of the superior cervical gang- lion of the sympathetic, and passes down to form, with branches of the vagus, the cardiac plexus. n. carot"icotympan'icus [BNA], caroticotympanic nerve, small deep petrosal nerve, one of two sym- pathetic branches from the internal carotid plexus to the tympanic plexus. ner'vi carotMci exter'ni [BNA], external carotid nerves, a number of sympathetic nerve-fibers extending upward from the superior cervical ganglion along the external carotid artery, forming the external carotid plexus. n. carot'icus inter'nus [BNA], internal carotid nerve, a sympathetic cord extending upward from the superior cervical ganglion along the internal carotid artery, forming the internal carotid plexus. n. caverno'sus clitor'idis [BNA], cavernous nerve of the clitoris, corresponds to the n. cavernosus penis in the male. n. caverno'sus pe'nis [BNA], cavernous nerve of the penis, one of two nerves, major and minor (chiefly sympathetic) , running from the cavernous plexus at the root of the penis to the corpus cavernosum. n. cerebra'Iis [BNA], cerebral nerve, cranial nerve, one of the twelve nerves given off from the brain; these are: i. n. olfactorius, 2. n. opticus, 3. n. oculomotorius, 4. n. trochlearis, 5. n. trigeminus, 6. n. abducens, 7. n. facialis (with n. intermedins), 8. n. acusticus, 9. n. glossopharyngeus, 10. n. vagus, 11. n. accessorius, 12. n. hypoglossus. ner'vi cervica'les [BNA], cervical nerves, nerves whose nuclei of origin are situated in the cervical spinal cord. n. cerrica'Iis superficia'Hs, superficial cervical nerve, n. cutaneus colli [BNA]. n. chor'da tym'pani, chorda tympani nerve, a nerve given off from the facial (probably fibers of the n. intermedius) in the facial canal, it passes through the iter chordee posteiius into the cavity of the tympanum, crosses over the membrana tympani and handle of the malleus, and passes out through the iter chordae anterius; beneath the external pterygoid muscle it joins the lingual branch of the mandibular; it is probably a nerve of taste. n. cilia'ris bre'vis, jhort ciliary nerve, one of a num- ber of branches of the ciliary ganglion, supplying the ciliary muscles, iris, and tunics of the eyeball. n. cUia'ris lon'gus, long ciliary nerve, one of two or three branches of the nasal nerve, supplying the ciliary muscles, iris, and cornea. n. circumflex'us, circumflex nerve, n. axillaris [BNA]. n. coccyge'us [BNA], coccygeal nerve, a small nerve, the lowest of the spinal nerves, entering into the forma- tion of the pudendal plexus. ner'vi clu'nium latera'les, lateral or inferior cluneal nerves, branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous (small sciatic) nerve supplying the skin of the lower half of the gluteal region. ner'vi clu'nium me'dii [BNA], middle clunial nerves, terminal branches of the posterior rami of the sacral nerves, supplying the skin of the mid-gluteal region. ner'vi clu'nium superio'res [BNA], superior dunial nerves, terminal branches of the po<:terior rami of the lumbar nerves, supplying the skin of the upper half of the gluteal region. n. coch'leie [BNA], nerve of the cochlea, cochlear nerve, the 1 ower of the two trunks of the acoustic nerve in the internal acoustic meatus r its branches go to the saccule, posterior semicircular canal, and organ of Corti. n. commu'nicans peronae'us, n. commu'nicans fibula'- ris, peroneal or fibular communicating nerve, ramus anastomoticus peronseus [BNA]. n. commu'nicans tibia'lis, n. commu'nicans poplite'i tibial or popliteal communicating nerve, n. cutaneus surae medialis [BNA]. n. crura'lis ante'rior, anterior crural nerve, n femoralis [BNA]. n. cuta'neus antibra'chii dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve, lower external cutaneous branch of the radial (musculospiral nerve), supplying the skin of the dorsal surface of the forearm. n. cuta'neus antibra'chii latera'lis [BNA], lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve, terminal cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous nerve; it is purely sensory, supplying the radial side of the forearm. n. cuta'neus antibra'chii znedia'lis [BNA], media, antibrachial cutaneous nerve, internal cutaneous nervel arises from the inner (medial) fasciculus of the bra- chial plexus, passes downward in company with the brachial artery and then the basilic vein, and supplies the skin of the flexor and ulnar surfaces of the forearm. n. cuta'neus bra'chii latera'lis [BNA], lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, a sensory branch of the axillary supplying the skin over the lower portion of the deltoid and for a distance below its insertion. n, cuta'neus bra'chii medialis [BNA], medial bra- chial cutaneous nerve, lesser internal cutaneous nerve, nerve of Wrisberg, arises from the inner (medial) fasciculus of the brachial plexus, unites in the axilla with the second intercostal nerve, and supplies the skin of the inner side of the arm. n. cuta'neus bra'chii poste'rior [BNA], posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, upper external cutaneous branch of the musculospiral nerve, a branch of the radial (musculospiral) supplying the skin of the pos- terior surface of the arm. n. cuta'neus col'li [BNA], cutaneous nerve of the throat, superficial cervical nerve, arises from the 2d and 3d cervical, supplies the Rkjn over the anterior triangle of the neck. n. cuta'neus dorsa'lis intenne'dius [BNA], inter- mediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, one of the branches of the superficial peroneal (musculocutaneous) nerve, supplying dorsal nerves to the toes. n. cuta'neus dorsa'lis latera'lis [BNA], lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, the continuation of the sural nerve in the dorsum of the foot. n. cuta'neus dorsa'lis media'Us [B N A], medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, one of the terminal branches of the superficial peroneal (musculocutaneous) nerve. n. cuta'neus ezter'nus, external cutaneous nerve, n. cutaneus femoris lateralis [BNA]. n. cuta'neus fem'oris latera'lis [BNA], lateral cuta- neous nerve of the thigh, external cutaneous nerve arises from the 2d and 3d umbar nerves, passes forward beneath the iliac fascia to the anterior superior spine, and extends a short distance down the front of the thigh, supplying the. skin of this region and of the outer side of the buttock. m. cuta'neus fem'oris poste'rior [BNA], posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, small sciatic nerve, arises from the first three sacral nerves, accompanies the sciatic nerve to the lower border of the gluteeus maxi- mus muscle, and then suppHes the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh and of the popliteal region. n. cuta'neus inter'nus mi'nor, lesser internal cutane- ous nerve, n. cutaneus brachii medialis [BNA.] n. cuta^neus su'rse latera'lis [BNA], lateral sural cutaneous nerve, arises from the peroneal in the popli- teal space and is distributed to the skin of the calf. n. cuta'neus su'ra media'Us [BNA], medial sural cutaneous nerve, n. communicans tibialis or poplitei, arises from the tibial in the popliteal space, passes down the calf between the two heads of the gastrocne- mius and unites in the middle of the leg with the NERVUS 667 NERVUb ramus anastomoticus peronseus of the common peio- neal to form the sural (short saphenpus) nerve. n. denta'lis infe'rior, inferior dental nerve, n. alveo- laris inferior [BNAJ. n. denta'lis poste'rior, posterior dental nerve, n. alveolaris superior (BNA]. n. depres'sor [BNA], depressor nerve, the cardiac braach of the n. vagus. ner'vi digita'les dorsa'les [BNA], dorsal digital nerves of the hand and foot supplying the skin of the dorsal surface of the fingers and toes. ner'vi digita'les dorsa'les hallu'cis latera'lis et dig'iti secun'di media'lis [BNA], dorsal digital nerves, bran- ches of the n. peroneeus profundus, supplying the lateral surface of the great toe and the medial surface of the second toe. ner'vi digita'les planta'res commu'nes [BNA], com- mon digital plantar nerves, branches of the n. plantaris medialis and of the superficial ramus of the n. plantaris lateralis. ner'vi digita'les planta'res pro'prii [BNA], proper digital plantar nerves, branches of the n. plantaris medialis and of the superficial ramus of the n, plantaris lateralis. n. digita'lis vola''ri9 conimu'nis, common volar digital nerve, one of three branches of the median, passing beneath the superficial volar (palmar) arch to the fingers where they divide further into the seven proper volar digital nerves. n. digita'lis vola'ris pro'prius [BNA], proper volar digital nerve, collateral palmar digital nerve, one of seven sensory nerves of the fingers derived from the common volar digital nerves. n. dorsa'lis clitor'idis [BNA], dorsal nerve of the clit- oris, the deep terminal branch of the pudendal, supply- ing especially the glans clitoridis. n. dorsa'lis pe'nis [BNA], dorsal nerve of the penis, the deep terminal branch of the pudendal running along the dorsum of the penis, supplying the skin of the penis, the prepuce, and the glaiis. n. dorsa'lis scap'uUe [BNA], dorsal nerve of the scapula, posterior scapular nerve, nerve to the rhom- boids, arises from the 5th to 7th cervical nerves and passes downward to supply the levator anguli scapuke and the rhomboideus major and minor muscles. n, er'igens [L. erecting], one of a number of nerve- fibers derived from the second and third sacral nerves supplying the rectum, bladder, and genitals. n. ethmoida'lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the n. nasociliaris. n. ethmoida'lis poste'rioi [BNA], posterior ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the n. nasociliaris. n. facia'lis, facial nerve, 7th cranial nerve, portio dura, the chief motor nerve of the face; its origin is in the tegmentum of the lower portion of the pons, and it emerges from the brain between the posterior border of the pons and the upper end of the olive of the medulla; it leaves the cranial cavity through the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus where it is joined by the pars intermedia, traverses the facial canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and enters the parotid gland where it forms the parotid plexus. n. femora'lis [BNA], femoral nerve, anterior crural nerve, arises from the 2d, 3d and 4th lumbar nerves in the substance of the psoas muscle and passing down enters the thigh external to the femoral vessels, break- ing up in Scarpa's triangle into a number of terminal branches; it supplies the muscles <*nd skin of the thigh, n. fronta'lis [BNA], frontal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic which divides within the orbit into the supratrochlear and the supraorbital nerves. n. furca'lis [L. forked], the fourth lumbar nerve, the anterior primary division of which is forked to enter into the formation of both lumbar and sacral plexuses. n. genitocrura'lis, genitocrural nerve, n. genito- femoralis [BNA]. n. genitofemora'lis [BNA], genitofemoral nerve, genitocrural nerve, arises by two roots from the^ ist and 2d lumbar nerves, passes downward with the iliac vessels, and divides above Poupart's Hgament into genital and femoral branches. n. glossopharynge'us [BNA], glossopharyngeal nerve, 9th cranial nerve, emerges from the medulla oblongata between the olive and the restiform body by five or six rootlets which soon join to form one trunk; its deep relations are with the nucleus ambiguus, the fasciculus solitarius, and a terminal nucleus in the medulla; it leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen and is distributed as a nerve of sensation to the tongue and pharynx. n. glutas'us infe'rior [BNA], inferior gluteal nerve, arises from the 5th lumbar and ist and 2d sacral, and supplies the glutasus maximus muscle. n. glutse'us supe'rior [BNA], superior gluteal nerve, arises from the 4th and 5th lumbar and ist sacral nerves, and supplies the glutaeus medius and minimus muscles. ner'vi hsmorrhoida'Ies inferio'res [BNA], inferior hemorrhoidal nerves, several branches of the pudendal nerve, supplying the sphincter ani and skin of the anal region. ner'vi heemorrhoida'les me'dii [BNA], middle hem- orrhoidal nerves, a number of small nerves from the pudendal plexus, supplying the poition of the rectum lying just above the floor of the pelvis. ner'vi heemorrhoida'les superio'res [BNA], superior hemorrhoidal nerves, rectal branches of the inferior mesenteric plexus which themselves form the superior hemorrhoidal plexus. n. hypoglos'sus [BNA], hypoglossal nerve, 12th cra- nial nerve, arises from an oblong nucleus in the medulla and emerges from the medulla by several radicles between the pyramid and the olive on either side; it passes downward and then curves forward to the tongue all the intrinsic muscles of which it supplies; the descending ramus supplies the omohyoid, sterno- hyoid, and sternothyroid muscles, and other small rami supply other neighboring muscles. n. iliohypogas'tricus, iliohypogastric nerve, arises from the first lumbar nerve, passes through the psoas and then forward above the crest of the ilium and passes thence to the groin; it supplies the abdominal muscles and the skin of the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall, n. ilioinguina'Iis [BNA], ilioinguinal nerve, arises from the first lumbar, passing through the psoas, for- ward in the abdominal wall, and then through the external abdominal ring when it becomes superficial; it supplies the muscles of the abdominal wall and the skin of the mons Veneris or, in the male, root of the penis. n. im'par. filum terminale [BNA]. n. infraorbita'lis [BNA], infraorbital nerve, the continuation of the maxillary nerve after it has entered the orbit, transversing the infraorbital canal to reach the face; in the infraorbital canal it gives off the middle and anterior superior alveolar rami [BNA], or the middle and anterior superior dental nerves, which descend in bony canals to the alveolar arch, supplying the premolar and the incisor and canine teeth. n. iofratrochlea'ris [BNA], infratrochlear nerve, a branch of the nasociliaris running beneath the pulley of the superior oblique muscle to the front of the orbit, and supplying the skin of the eyelids and root of the nose. ner'vi intercosta'Ies [BNA], intercostal nerves, anterior branches of the nervi thoracales. ner'vi intercostobrachia'les [BNA], intercostobra- chial nerves, branches of the nervi intercostal es. n. intercostohumera'lis, (i) the posterior lateral branch of the second intercostal nerve which supplies the skin of the arm; (2) a similarly disposed branch of the third intercostal nerve. n. interme'dius [BNA], intermediate nerve, nerve of Wrisberg, pars intermedia, a sensory nerve forming the seijsory portion of the facial; its central termina- tion is in relation with that of the glossopharyngeus; in its course it lies between the facial and acoustic nerves, and joins the facial at the geniculate nucleus. n. interos'seus ante'rior, n. interosseus volaris [BNA}. n. interos'seus cru'ris [BNA], interosseous nerve of the leg, a nerve given off from one of the muscular branches of the tibial which passes down over the posterior surface of the interosseous membrane supply- ing it and the two bones of the leg. n. interos'seus dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal interosseous nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, the deep terminal branch of the radial (musculospiral) nerve, supplying NERVUS 668 NERVUS the supinator and all the extensor muscles in the forearm. n. interos'seus poste'rior, posterior interosseous nerve, radial nerve, nervus interosseus dorsalis [BNA]. n. interos'seus vola'ris [BNA], volar interosseous nerve, anterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the median supplying the pronator quadratus muscle. n. ischiad'icus [BNA], sciatic nerve, great sciatic nerve, arises by the union of the two main trunks of the sacral plexus, passes through the great sacro- sciatic foramen and down the thigh, at about the middle of which it divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. n. jugula'ris [BNA], jugular nerve, a communicating branch between the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic and the ganglion nodosum of the vagus and the petrosal gangUon of the glossopharyngeal. ner'vi labia'les anterio'res [BNAl, anterior labial nerves, sensory branches of the ilioinguinal nerve, distributed to the labia majora. ner'vi labia'les posterio'res [BNAl, posterior labial nerves, terminal branches of the perineal nerve, supply- ing the skin of the posterior portion of the labia and the vestibule of the vagina, corresponding to n. scrotalis posterior in the male. n. lacrima'lis [BNA], lacrymal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic; sensory nerve of the upper eyelid, con- junctiva, and lacrymal gland. n. larynge'us infe'rior [BNA], inferior laryngeal nerve, terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal. n. larynge'us recur'rens, recurrent laryngeal nerve, n. recurrens [BNA]. n. larynge'us supe'rior [BNA], superior laryngeal nerve, a branch from the nodose ganglion of the vagus, passing downward and inward to the thyroid cartilage, dividing into two rami, external and internal laryngeal nerves, which supply the mucous membrane of the larynx and epiglottis and the inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx and the cricothyroid muscle. n. lingua'lis [BNAl, lingual nerve, one of the two ter- minal divisions of the mandibular, passing down beneath the external pterygoid muscle, between the internal pterygoid and the mandible, and beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth to the side of the tongue over the anterior two-thirds of which it is distributed; it supplies also the mucous membrane of the floor and outer wall of the mouth. ner'vi lumba'les [BNA], lumbar nerves, five nerves on each side, emerging from the lumbar portion of the spinal cord; the first four nerves enter into the forma- tion of the lumbar plexus, the fourth and fifth into that of the sacral plexus; the fourth lumbar nerve, being forked to enter into the formation of the two plexuses, is called n. furcalis. n. lumboinguina'lis [BNA], lumboinguinal nerve, the .'emoral branch of the n. genitofemoralis, passing beneath Poupart's ligament and in the sheath of the femoral vessels, passing through the fascia lata and supplying the skin of the anterior aspect of the upper half of the thigh, n. mandibula'ris [BNA], mandibular nerve, inferior maxillary nerve, the third division of the trigeminus formed by the union of the sensory fibers from the Gasserian ganglion and of the motor root of the trigem- inus in the foramen ovale, through which the nerve emerges on the face; after giving off branches it divides into the inferior alveolar and the lingual. n. massetei'icus [BNA], masseteric nerve, a motor branch of the masticatorius passing to the internal surface of the masseter muscle which it supplies. n. masticato'rius [BNA], masticator nerv.e, a very short, chiefly motor, branch of the mandibular, divid- ing at once into the masseteric, temporal, buccinator, and pterygoid nerves. n. xnazilla'ris [BNA], maxillary nerve, superior maxillary nerve, the second division of the trigeminus, passing from the Gasserian ganglion through the fora- men rotundum into the sphenomaxillary (pterygopala- tine) fossa, where it gives off the sphenopalatine nerve and continues forward to enter the orbit, where it is named the infraorbital. n, mazilla'ris infe'rlor, inferior maxillary nerve, n. mandibularis [BNA]. n. xnaxilla'ris supe'rior, superior maxillary nerve, n. maxillaris [3NA]. n. mea'tus audito'rii exter'ni [BNA], nerve of the external auditory meatus, a branch of the n. auriculo- temporalis supplying the lining of the external auditory meatus. n. media'nus, median nerve, arises by two roota from the sth cervical to ist thoracic nerves throu^ the two fascicuH of the brachial plexus; the roots join . at the lower end of the axillary artery to form one nerve which passes down the arm on the outer side of the brachial artery, crossing it near the bend of the elbow, and then through the middle of the flexor sur- face of the forearm to the wrist ; it gives oS a number of cutaneous and muscular branches in the forearm. n. membra'nse tym'pani [BNA], nerve of the mem- brana tympani, a branch of the n. auriculotemporalis supplying the drumhead. n. meninge'us, xi. meningeus medius [BNA]. n. meninge'us me'dius [BNA], middle meningeal nerve, recurrent meningeal nerve, a small branch of the maxillary which passes back into the middle cra- nial fossa, supplying the dura mater. n. meninge'us recur' rens, recurrent meningeal nerve, n. meningeus medius [BNA]. n. menta'lis [BNA], mental nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar, arising in the inferior dental canal and passing through the mental foramen to the chin and lower lip. n. m.o'tor oc'uli, n. oculomotorius [BNA]. n. xnusculocuta'neus, musculocutaneous nerve, (i) arises from .he 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical, passes out- ward to the coracobrachialis muscle and then down- ward between the brachialis and biceps, supplying these three muscles and being prolonged as the sensory ateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm; (3) n. peronaus superficialis [BNA]. n. musculospira'lis, musculospiral nerve, n. radialis BNA]. n. mylohyoid'eus [BNA], mylohyoid nerve, a small branch of the inferior alveolar given off just before the nerve enters the inferior dental foramen, distributed to the anterior belly of the digastric and to the mylo- hyoid muscle. n. nasa'lis, n. nasociliaris [BNA]. n. nasocilia'ris [BNA], nasociliary nerve, nasal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic in the sphenoidal fissure, passing through the orbit, entering the cranial cavity through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, and then the nasal cavity, through the nasal fissure; its branches are the long root of the ciliary ganglion, the long ciliary nerves, the infratrochlear, and nasal branches, supplying the mucous membrane of nose, the skin of the tip of the nose, and the conjunctiva. n. nasopalati'nus [BNA], nasopalatine nerve, Scarpa's nerve, a branch from Meckel's ganglion, pass- ing through the sphenopalatine foramen, down the nasal septum, and through the incisor foramen to supply the mucous membrane of the hard palate. n. obturato'rius [BNA], obturator nerve, arises from the 2d, 3d, and 4th lumbar nerves by three roots in the psoas muscle, passes downward and forward below the brim of the pelvis, and enters the thigh through the obturator groove of the thyroid foramen; itsupplies muscles and skin on the inner side of the thigh. n. occipita'lis ma'jor [BNA], larger occipital nerve, medial branch of the posterior primary division of the second cervical nerve, sends branches to the semi- spinalis capitis and multifidus cervicis, but is mainly sensory, supplying the back part of the scalp. n. occipita'lis min'imus, least occipital nerve, n. occipitalis tertius [BNA]. n. occipita'lis mi'nor [BNA], lesser occipital nerve, arises from the second and third cervical nerves, sup- plies the skin of the posterior surface of the pinna and the adjacent portion of the scalp. n. occipita'lis ter'tius [BNA], third occipital nerve, n. occipitalis minimus, medial branch of the posterior primary division of the third cervical nerve; this is usually joined with the n. occipitalis major, but may exist as an independent nerve supplying sensory branches to the scalp and nucha. n. oculomoto'rius [BNA], oculomotor nerve, motor ocuH, 3d cranial nerve; supplies all the extrinsic muscles of the eye, except the external rectus and superior oblique, and also the levator palpebrge super- ioris, the ciliary muscle, and the sphincter iridis; its origin is the floor of the aqueeductus cerebri, it emerges from the brain in the oculomotor sulcus, pierces the dura mater to the side of the posterior clinoid process, passes through the cavernous sinus and enters the orbit through the superior orbital (sphenoidal) fissure. n. olfacto'rius [BNA], olfactory nerve, ist cranial, nerve of smell; one of 20 nerves on each side, arising from the olfactory bulb and distributed to the nasal mucous membrane. n. ophthal'micus [BNA], ophthalmic nerve, the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminus, passes forward from the semilunar ganglion in the outer wall of the cavernous sinus, entering the orbit through the superior orbital (sphenoidal) fissure; through its branches, frontal, lacrymal, and nasocihary, it supplies sensation to the orbit and its contents, the anterior part of the nasal cavity, and the skin of the forehead. n. op'ticus [BNA], optic nerve, 2d cranial nerve of sight; taking origin from the retina, passes out of the orbit through the optic foramen to the chiasm, where most of the fibers cross to the opposite side and pass through the optic tract to the geniculate bodies and superior corpora quadrigemina. n. orbita'lis, orbital nerve, n. zygomaticus [BNA]. n. palati'nus [BNA], palatine nerve, one of a number of branches, anterior, middle (external) , and posterior, from the sphenopalatine ganglion, supplying the mucous membrane of the palate. n. patheficus, pathetic nerve, fourth nerve, n. trochlearis [BNA]. n. perine'i [BNA], perineal nerve, the superficial terminal branch of the pudendal nerve, supplying most of the muscles of the perineum as well as the skin of that region. n. peronse^us commu'nte [BNA], common peroneal nerve, external popliteal nerve, one of the terminal divisions of the sciatic, passing through the latera portion of the popliteal space to opposite the head of the tibia where it divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves. n. peroQs'us profun'dus [BNA], deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial nerve, one of the terminal branches of the common peroneal nerve; passing down the front* of the leg on the front of the interosseous membrane and lower part of the tibia, supplying the tibialis anterior, extensor proprius hallucis, extensor longus digitorum, and peronasus tertius muscles, and also the skin of the great toe and inner surface of the 2d toe. n. peronee'us superficia'Iis [BNA], superficial pero- neal nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, a branch of the common peroneal, passes downward in front of the fibula to the lower third of the leg where it divides into branches supplying the long and short peroneal mus- cles and the skin of the dorsum of the foot and the toes. n. petro'sus profuc'dus [BNA], deep petrosal nerve, great deep petrosal branch of the carotid plexus, the sympathetic part of the Vidian nerve; it arises from the internal carotid plexus and joins the larger super- ficial petrosal at the entrance of the pterygoid canal. n. petro'sus superficia'lis ma'^jor [BNA], larger superficial petrosal nerve, the motor part of the Vidian nerve, a branch of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve, running through the groove on the anterior surface of the pyramid of the temporal bone to the foramen lacerum and the pterygoid canal. n. petro'sus superficia'lis mi'nor [BNA], lesser super- ficial petrosal nerve, the sensory root of the otic gan- glion, derived from the tympanic plexus; it leaves the tympanum through the superior tympanic canaliculus and passes within the cranium to the sphenopetrosal fissure, through which or the foramen innominatum it reaches the otic ganglion. n. pharynge'uSt one of several nerves of the pharynx, branches of the sympathetic, glossopharyngeus, and vagus. n. phren'icus [BNA], phrenic nerve, arises from the cervical plexus, chiefly from the fourth nerve, passes downward in front of the scalenus anterior and enters the thorax between the subclavian artery and vein behind the sternoclavicular articulation; it then passes in front of the root of the lung to the diaphragm ; it is mainly the motor nerve of the diaphragm but sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. n, planta'ris ezter'nus, external plantar nerve, n. plantaris lateralis [BNA]. n, planta'ris inter'nus, internal plantar nerve, n. plantaris medialis [BNA], n. planta'ris latera'lis [BNA], lateral plantar nerve, external plantar nerve, one of the terminal branches of the tibial, supplying the muscles and skin of the outer portion of the sole of the foot. n. planta'ris media'lis [BNA], medial plantar nerve, internal plantar nerve, one of the terminal branches of the tibial, supplying the muscles and skin of the inner portion of the sole of the foot. n. pneumogas'tricus, pneumogastric nerve, n. vagus [BNA]. n. poplite'us exter'nus^ external popliteal nerve, n. peronse'us communis [BNA]. n. poplite'us inter'nus, internal popliteal nerve, ii. tibialis [BNA]. n. pterygoid'eus [BNA], pterygoid nerve, one of two motor branches, externus and internus, of the buc- cinator, supplying the external and internal pterygoid muscles. n. puden'dus [BNA], pudendal nerve, pudic nerve, formed of the greater portion of the pudendal plexus; it passes through the greater sciatic foramen and accompanies the internal pudendal artery, terminating as the dorsal nerve of the penis or of the clitoris, n. pu'dicus, pudic nerve, n. pudendus [BNA]. n. radia'lis [BNA], radial nerve, (i) musculospiral nerve, arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus of which it is practically the continuation; after emerging from the axilla it curves round the pos- terior surface of the humerus and passes down to the cubital fossa where it divides into its two terminal branches, the superficial ramus (radial nerve) which is sensory, and the deep ramus (posterior interosseous) which is motor; (2) ramus superficialis [BNA] of the radial (musculospiral) nerve. n, recur'rens [BNA], recurrent nerve, (1) recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior laryngeal nerve; a branch of the vagus curving upward, on the right side round the root of the subclavian artery, on the left side round the arch of the aorta, then passing up behind the common carotid artery and between the trachea and the esophagus to the larynx, all the muscles of which, except the cricothyroid, it supplies; it also sends branches to the cardiac plexus, to the cervical portion of the trachea, and the cervical portion of the esopha- gus; (2) n. spinosus [BNA], n. saccula'ris [BNA], saccular nerve, a branch of the cochlear nerve going to the macula acustica of the saccule. ner'vi sacra'les [BNA], sacral nerves, five nerves issuing from the sacral foramina on either side; three enter into the formation of the sacral plexus, and three i nto that of the pudendal plexus, the third sacral (n. bigeminus) going to both plexuses. n. saphe'nus [BNA], saphenous nerve, long or internal saphenous nerve, the terminal branch of the femoral, extending from Scarpa's triangle to the foot, becoming cutaneous on the inner side of the knee; it supplies sensation to the skin of the leg and foot. n. saphe'nus bre'vis or exter'nus* short or external saphenous nerve, n. suralis [BNA]. n. saphenous lon'gus, long saphenous nerve, n. saphenus [BNA]. ner'vi scrota'les anteiio'res [BNA], anterior scrotal nerves, sensory branches of the n. ilioinguinalis, distributed to the skin of the root of the penis, and the anterior surface of the scrotum. ner'vi scrota'les poste'riores [BNA], posterior scrotal nerves, several terminal branches of the perineal nerve, supplying the skin of the posterior portion of the scrotum, corresponding to n. labialis posterior in the female. n. spermat'icus exter'nus [BNA], external spermatic nerve, the genital branch of the genitofemoralis or genitocrural nerve, passing along the psoas magnus muscle and through the internal abdominal ring, sup- plying the cremaster muscle in the male and termi- nating in the round ligament in the female. NERVUS 670 NERVUS n. sphenopalati'nus [BNA], sphenopalatine nerve, one of two short branches, given off by the maxillary in the sphenomaxillary fossa, which constitute the short (sensory) roots of the sphenopalatine (Meckel's) ganglion. ner'vi spina'Ies [BNA], spinal nerves, those whose nuclei of origin are located in the gray columns of the spinal cord. n. spino'sus [BNA], spinous nerve, recurrent nerve, a branch of the mandibular, entering the skull by the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater. n. splanch'nicus i'mus [BNA], lowest splanchnic nerve, smallest splanchnic nerve, a nerve containing the sympathetic fibers for the renal plexus, usually contained in the lesser splanchnic nerve, but occasion- ally existing as an independent cord. n. splanch'nicus ma'jor [BNA], greater splanchnic nerve, arises from the 5th or 6th to the gth or loth thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic, and passes down- ward along the sides of the bodies of the thoracic ver- tebras, to join the celiac plexus. n. splanch'nicus min'imus, smallest splanchnic nerve, II. splanchnicus imus [BNA]. n. splanch'nicus mi'nor [BNA], lesser splanchnic nerve, arises from the last two thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic and passes down, on the outer side of the greater splanchnic nerve, to tha celiac and renal plexuses. n, stape'dius [BNA], nerve of the stapedius muscle, a branch of the facial arising in the facial canal and passing forward to the tympanum. n. subcla'vius [BNA], subclavian nerve, one of the anterior thoracic nerves supplying the subclavius muscle. n. sublingua'lis [BNA], sublingual nerve, a branch ' of the lingual to the sublingual gland and mucous mem- brane of the floor of the mouth. n. suboccipita'lis [BNA], posterior primary division of the first cervical nerve, passing through the sub- ' occipital triangle and sending branches to the rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior and inferior, rectus lateralis, and semispinalis capitis. ner'vi subscapula'res [BNA], subscapular nerves, branches of the brachial plexus, supplying the sub- scapularis muscle. n. subscapula'ris lon'gus, long subscapular nerve, II. thoracodorsalis [BNA]. n. supraacromia'lis, supraacromial nerve, n. supra- clavicularis posterior [BNA], n. supraclavicula'ris, supraclavicular nerve, n. supraclavicularis medius [BNA], n. supraclavicula'ris ante'rior [BNA], anterior supra- clavicular nerve, suprasternal nerve, arises from the 3d and 4th cervical, supplies the skin over the upper part of the thorax. n. supraclavicula'ris me'dius [BNA], middle supra- clavicular nerve, supraclavicular nerve, arises from the 3d and 4th cervical, supplies the skin of the infra- clavicular fossa. n. supraclavicula'ris poste'rior [BNA], posterior supraclavicular nerve, supraacromial nerve, arises from the 3d and 4th cervical, suppliesthe skin of the shoulder. n. supraorbita'lis [BNA], supraorbital nerve, a branch of the frontal leaving the orbit through the supraorbital foramen or groove and dividing into I branches distributed to the forehead and scalp, upper eyelid, and frontal sinus. n. suprascapula'ris [BNA], suprascapular nerve, arises from the sth and 6th cervical, passes downward parallel to the cords of the brachial plexus, then through the suprascapular foramen, supplying the supraspina- 1 tus and infraspinatus muscles, and also sending 1 branches to the shoulder joint. n. suprasterna'lis, suprasternal nerve, n. supra- clavicularis anterior [BNA]. n. supratrochlea'ris [BNA], supratrochlear nerve, a branch of the frontal supplying the inner canthus of I the eye, the central part of the skin of the forehead, and the root of the nose. n. sura'lis [BNA], sural nerve, short or external saphenous nerve, formed by the union of the medial sural cutaneous from the tibial and the peroneal anastomotic branch of the common peroneal, about the middle of the calf; thence it accompanies the small saphenous vein around the lateral (external) malleolus to the dorsum of the foot. n. tempora'lis profun'dus [BNA], deep temporal nerve, one of two branches, anterior and posterior, given off from the masticator nerve, supplying the temporal muscles. n. temporomala'ris, temporomalar nerve, n* zygo- maticus [BNA]. n. tenso'ris tym'pani [BNA], nerve of the tensor* tympani muscle, a motor branch of the otic ganglion supplying the tensor tympani muscle. n. tenso'ris ve'li palati'ni [BNA], nerve of the tensor muscle of the velum palatinum, a motor branch of the otic ganglion, supplying the tensor palati muscle. n. tento'rii [BNA], tentorial nerve, a branch of the n. ophthalmicus supplying the tentorium. ner'vi thoraca'les [BNA], thoracic nerves, twelve nerves on each side, mixed motor and sensory, supply- ing the muscles and skin of the chest. n. thoraca'lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior thoracic nerve, one of a number of nerves arising from the sth to Sth cervical, passing forward to be distributed to the pectoralis minor and major muscles. n. thoraca'lis lon'gus [BNA], long thoracic nerve, posterior thoracic, external respiratory nerve of Bell, arises from the sth, 6th, and 7th cervical nerves, descends the neck behind the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the serratus magnus muscle. n. thoraca'lis poste'rior [B N A], posterior thoracic nerve, a name applied to the dorsalis scapulae and thoracalis longus nerves collectively. n. thoracodorsa'lis [BNA], thoracodorsal nerve, long subscapular nerve, arises from the 6th and 7th cervical nerves and supplies the latissinms dorsi muscle. n. tibia'lis anti'cus, anterior tibial nerve, n. pero- nseus profundus [BNA]. n. tibia'lis [BNA], tibial nerve, internal popliteal nerve, one of the two terminal branches of the sciatic, passing down in company with the popliteal and pos- terior tibial arteries, giving off a number of terminal branches behind themiedial (internal) malleolus; it sup- plies the knee, muscles of the calf, and skin of the leg. n. trigem'inus [BNA], trigeminal or trifacial nerve, sth cranial nerve, the chief sensory nerve of the face and the motor nerve of the muscles of mastication; its nuclei are in the mesencephalon and in the pons extending down into the cervical portion of the spinal cord; it emerges by two roots, sensory and motor, from the lateral portion of the surface of the pons, and enters a cavity of the dura mater, cavum of Meckel, at the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where the sensory root expands to form theGasserian ganglion; from there the three divisions — ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular — ^branch forth. n. trocMea'ris [BNA], trochlear nerve, fourth nerve, pathetic nerve, supplies the superior oblique muscle of the eye; its origin is in the floor of the aquaeductus cerebri, its fibers decussate in the anterior medullary velum, and it emerges from the brain at the side of the frenulum and enters the orbit through the sphenoidal fissure. n. tympan'icus [BNA], tympanic nerve, Jacobson's nerve, a nerve from the petrous ganglion of the glosso- pharyngeal, passing to the tympanum, forming there the tympanic plexus which supplies the mucous mem- brane of the tympanum, mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. n. ulna'ris [BNA], ulnar nerve, arises through the inner cord of the brachial plexus from the Sth cervical and 1st thoracic nerves, passes down the arm, through the interval between the olecranon process and the inner condyle of the humerus, and down the ulnar side of the forearm to the wrist; it gives off numerous mus- cular and cutaneous branches in the forearm.' n. utricula'ris [BNA], utricular nerve, a branch of the vestibular trunk of the acoustic, supplying the macula, acustica of the utricle. ' ner'vi vagina'les [BNA], vaginal nerves, several nerves passing from the pudendal plexus to the vagina. n. va'gus [BNA], vagus nerve, pneumogastric nerve, loth cranial nerve, arises by numerous small cords; NERVUS 671 NEURAMEBIMETER from the side of the medulla oblongata, between the glassopharyngeus above and the accessorius below; its deep connections are similar to those of the glosso- pharyngeus; it leaves the cranial cavity by the jugular foramen and passes down to supply the larynx, lungs, heart, esophagus, stomach, and most of the abdominal viscera; it is a mixed nerve both of sensation and of motion. ner'vi vesica'les inferio'res [BNA], inferior vesical nerves, several small nerves passing from the pudendal plexus to the bladder. n. vestib'uli fBNA], nerve of the vestibule, vestibular nerve, tke upper of the two trunks -of the acoustic nerve in the internal acoustic meatus; its terminal branches pierce the lamina cribrosa and supply the utricle and the superior and lateral semicircular canals. n. zygomaficus [BN^A], zygomatic nerve, orbital or temporomalar nerve, a branch of the maxillary in the mferior orbital fissure through which it passes and emerges on the face through the zygomatico-orbital foramen; here it divides into two branches supplying the skin of the^temple and over the malar bone. Kess'ler's rea'gent [A. Nessler, German chemist ' 1827-1905.] A solution of caustic potassa' iodide of mercury, and iodide of potassium' which gives a yellow precipitate with traces of ammonia and a brown precipitate with larger amounts. nest [A.S.] A structure having a fancied resem- blance to a bird's nest; see nidus. Brunn's n., see Brunn. epithe'lial n., one of a number of small bodies formed of concentrically arranged, flattened; ceratinized cells, found in epitheli- omatous growths; called also epithelial pearls. swallow's n., nidus hirundinis. nestiatria (nes-ti-at'ri-ah) [nestis, fasting, + iatreia, medical treatment.] Nestitherapy,* hunger-cure. nestiostomy (nes-t!-os'to-mI) [G. nestis, jejunum, + stoma, mouth.] The operative establishment of a fistula opening into the jejunum, jejtmostomy. nes'tis [G. nestis, fasting.] Jejunum. nestitherapy (nes-tl-ther'a-pi) [G. nestis, fasting, + therapeia, healing.] Treatment of disease by a reduced diet or absolute fast; nestiatria, hunger- cure. net-knot. Caryosome. net'tle [A.S. netele.] Urtica. net'tle-rash. Urticaria. nett'ling hairs. Sharp-pointed barbed hairs of cer- tain caterpillars which contain an irritating toxic substance causing dermatitis when brought in con- tact with the skin. net'work. A structure bearing a resemblance to a woven fabric; rete, reticulum, cell n., mitome. peritar'sal n., the lymphatic vessels along the margin of the eyelid, subpap'illary n., the capil- lary blood-vessels in the deeper layers of the skin. Neubauer's ar'teiy (noy'bow-er) [Johann Ernst Neubauer, German anatomist, 1742-1777.] An inconstant artery arising from the arch of the aorta and supplying the thyroid gland, arteria thyreoidea ima. Neuber's meth'od (noy'ber). Treatment of osseous and articular tuberculosis by removing the carious tissue and filling the cavity with a 10 per cent, emulsion of iodoform in glycerin. N.'s opera'tion, filling a bone cavity by flaps of skin from the sides of the wound and tacking them down to the bone. K.'s tubes, drainage tubes made of bone. Neuenahr, Prussia (noy'en-ahr). Alkaline-carbon- ated waters, up to 104° F. Pour springs. Used by drinking and bathing in laryngitis, bronchial catarrh, asthma, tuberculosis, biliary and urinary concretions, gout, chronic rheumatism, arthritis deformans, dyspepsia, obesity, diabetes, the uric acid diathesis, nephritis, nervous disorders, glycosuria, liver diseases, and cardiac disorders. May to October. Neumann's cells (noy'mahn) [Ernst Neumann, German pathologist, 1834-1918.] Colored nucleated cells in the bone-marrow developing into red blood-cells. N.'s sheath, dentinal* sheath. Neumann's disease' (noy'mahn) [Isidor Neumann, Viennese dermatologist, *i832— 1906.] Pem- phigus vegetans. Neumann's law (noy'mahn) [Franz Ernst Neumann, German physicist, 1798-1895.] In compounds of analogous chemical constitution, the molecular heat, or the product of the specific heat by the atomic weight, is always the same. Neumann's meth'od (noy'mahn) [Heinrich Neumann, Viennese otologist, contemporary.] Local an- esthesia in ear surgery by subperiosteal injection of a solution of cocaine and adrenalin. neurad (nu'rad) [G. neuron, nerve, + L. ad, to.] Toward the neural axis. neuradynamia (nu-rad-i-nam'I-ah) [G. neuron, nerve, + a- priv. + dynamis, force.] Neurasthenia. neurag'mia [G. neuron, nerve, -t- agmos, fracture.] The rupture or tearing astmder of a nerve. neu'ral [G. neuron, nerve.] i. Relating to any part of the nervous system, especially to the cerebrospinal system in a vertebrate embryo. :i. Referring to the dorsal region; opposed to visceral or hemal. n. arch, axis, canal, etc., see the nouns. neural'gia [G. neuron, nerve, + algos, pain.] Nerve- pain ; pain of a severe, throbbing or stabbing char- acter in the course or distribution of a nerve, de- gen'erative n., n. caused by degenerative changes in the nerve or its central origin, epilep'tiform n., tic douloureux, genic'ulate n,, a severe parox- ysmal lancinating pain deep in the ear, on the anterior wall of the external meatus, and on a small area just in front of the pinna, caused by a lesion of the geniculate ganglion, hallu'cina- tory n., a cerebral impression of local pain occur- ring without any actual peripheral nerve pain, or persisting after an attack of neuralgia has ceased (reminiscent n.). idiopath'ic n., nerve-pain not due to any apparent le.sion of the nerve itself or to pressure from a lesion of the surrounding parts, intercos'tal n., pain in the side, fre- quently the left, due to neuralgia of one or more of the intercostal nerves, mam'mary n., masto- dynia, intercostal n. of the branches of the upper dorsal nerves of one side, red n., ery- thromelalgia. reminis'cent u., a cerebral im- pression of pain persisting, in a hypersensitive person, after thfe actual attack of neuralgia has passed away, sciat'ic n., sciatica, stump n., pain referred to the absent part, caused by pressure on the nerves in an amputation stump. symptomat'ic n., n. occurring as a symptom of some local or systemic disease not involving primarily the nerve structures. neural'gic. Relating to, resembling, or of the character of, neuralgia. neural'gifonn [neuralgia + L. forma, form.] Re- sembling or of the character of neuralgia. neural'gin. Trade name of a preparation of acetan- ilide, caffeine, and sodium salicylate; analgesic in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). neuramebimeter, neuramcebimeter (nu-ram-e-bim'- e-tur) [G. neuron, nerve, -j- amoibe, answer, -t- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the rapidity of response of a nerve to any stimu- lus. NEURANAGENESIS 672 NEURITIS neuranagenesis (nu-ran-ah-jen'e-sis) [G. neuron, nerve, + ana, up, again, + genesis, generation.] Regeneration of a nerve. neurapoph'ysis [G. neuron, nerve, + apophysis, offshoot.] I, One of the sides of the neural arch of a vertebra, a. The homologue of a spinal neurapophysis in the reconstructed cranial ver- tebra. 3. The spinous process of a vertebra. neurarchy (nu'rar-ke) [G. neuron, nerve, + arche, dominion.] The dominant action of the nervous system over the physical processes of the body. neurasthenia (nu-ras-the'nl-ah, nu-ras-th6-ne'ah) [G. neuron, nerve, + astheneia, weakness.] Nervous exhaustion. Beard's disease, a functional neurosis marked by intense nervous irritability and weakness; the chief ' symptoms are insomnia, headache, or feelings of constriction about the head, pain in the back, exhaustion after slight mental or physical exertion, excessive sensibility to noises, irregular heart action, vertigo, dyspep- sia, disorders of vision, and loss of memory. acous'tic n., n. in which deafness is a prominent symptom, acquired' n., nervous exhaustion appearing in adult life, due to overwork and worry, mental shock, excesses of various sorts, syphilis, chronic poisoning, eyestrain, etc. angiopaialyt'ic n., angiopath'ic n., a form of mild n. in which the chief complaint is of a universal throbbing or sense of pulsation throughout the body, cer'ebral n., n. in which headache and men- tal weakness or irritability are prominent symp- toms, gas'tric n., a condition marked by gastric atony and distention, dyspepsia, and mild neuras- thenic symptoms, n. gra'vis, a condition ■ of ex- treme and lasting n. n.prse'cox, primary n., a form of nervous exhaustion appearing in the adolescent period, obses'sive u., psychasthenia. optic n., a form in which visual disturbances, especially a narrowing of the visual field, are prominent symp- toms, ppl'sating n., angiopathic n. sez'ual n., a, form in which sexual erethism, weakness, or perversion is a marked symptom, spinal n., the common form of n. in which symptoms referable to the spinal cord are marked, traumat'ic n., nervous exhaustion following an injury, especially if accompanied by fright ; see railway-spine. neurasthe'niac. One suffering from neurasthenia. neurasthen'ic. i. Relating to, or suffering from, neurasthenia, a. One suffering from neurasthe- nia, a neurastheniac, n. hel'met, a feeling of pressure over the entire cranium in certain cases of neurasthenia, neuratroph'ia, neurat'rophy [G. neuron, nerve, + atrophia, atrophy.] Atrophy or defective nutri- tion of the nerves or central nervous system. neuratroph'ic. Relating to or marked by neurat- rophy. ' neurax'is. i. The neural or cerebrospinal axis.* 2. An axis-cylinder, neuraxon. neuraxon, neuraxone (nu-raks'on, nu-raks'On) [G. neuron, nerve, + axon, axis.] Neurite, axis- cylinder process ; a slender, usually single, proc- ess from the cell-body of the neuron; it may proceed unbranched to form the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber (in cells of the -first type, or of Deiters), or break up into numerous collateral branches to form a dendraxon (in cells of the second type, or of Golgi), or, finally, there may be two or more neuraxons passing out from one cell (in cells of the third type, or of Cajal). neure (niir). Neuron, nerve-cell. neurecta'sia, neurec'tasis, neurec'tasy [G. neuron, nerve, + ektasis, extension.] Nerve-stretching. neurec'tomy [G. neuron, nerve, -t- ektome, excision.] Excision of a segment of a nerve. neurecto'pia, neurec'topy [G. neuron, nerve, -I- ek, out of, + topos, place.] i. Dislocation of a nerve-trunk. 2. A condition in which a nerve follows an anomalous course. neurenter'ic [G. neuron, nerve, H- enteron, intestine.] Relating, in the embryo, to both neuron and enteron, to the neural and enteric tubes, u, canal', notochordal* canal ; strictly, in the human embryo, only the posterior portion of the noto- chordal canal, corresponding to the n. canal of the lower vertebrates, n. pore, the extremity of the li. canal. neurepithe'lial. Relating to the neurepithelium. neurepithe'lium. i. The specialized epitheliuin constituting the nerve-endings in the retina and the organ of Corti. vi. The layer of the epiblast developing into the cerebrospinal, axis. neurergic (nu-rur'jik) [G. neuron, nerve, -|- ergon, work.] Relating to the activity of a nerve. neurexairesis (nu-reks-a're-sis) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- exairesis, a taking out.] Tearing out or evul- sion of a nerve; a procedure recommended by Thiersch in place of exsection for the relief of intractable neuralgia. neuriatria, neuriatry (nu-ri-at'ri-ah, nu-rl-at'rl) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- iatreia, medical treatment.] Treatment of nervous diseases. neuricity (nu-ris'!-t!) [G. neuron, nerve.] Nervous energy: the property inherent in nervous matter. neu'ridine. A ptomaine, CjHi^Nj, of gelatinous consistence and bad odor, present in decaying animal flesh and brain substance. neurilem'ma [G. neuron, nerve, + lemma, husk.] Sheath of Schwann, a delicate hyaline membrane surrounding the medullary substance of a nerve- fiber, or the axis-cylinder in a non-meduUated nerve-fiber. neurilemmitis (nu-rl-lem-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the neurilemma of a nerve fiber. neuril'ity. The property of conducting stimuli, inherent in nerves. neurimotility (nu"rI-mo-til'i-tI) [G. neuron, nerve, -|- L. motus, motion.] Nervimotility. neurimo'tor. Nervimotor, relating to a motor nerve. neu'rine. A toxic ptomaine, CsHuNO, trimethyl- vinyl ammonium hydroxide, a product of decom- posing animal matter; also a poisonous constitu- ent of mushrooms. 2. An extract of brain mat- ter, suggested for use in various nervous disorders and in cancer. neurino'ma. Neurofibroma. neurit, neurite (nu'rit, nu'rit) [G. neurites, of a nerve.] One of the terminal branches of a neuron ; both axites and dendrites are neurites. neurit'ic. Relating to neuritis. neuritis (nu-ri'(re')tis) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- -itis.'\ Inflammation of a. nerve, marked by neuralgia, hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or parasthesia, paraly- sis, muscular atrophy in the region supplied by the affected nerve, and by abolition of the reflexes. adventitial n. (ad-ven-tish'al), inflammation of the sheath of a nerve, ascend'ing n., inflammation progressing upward along a nerve-trunk in a direction away from the periphery, ax'ial u., parenchymatous n. degenera'tion n., n. accom- panied by rapid degeneration of the nerve. descend'ing n., inflammation progressing down- ward along a nerve-trunk in a direction toward the periphery, dissem'inated a., segmental u. central n., parenchymatous n. endem'ic n., beriberi. Fallo'pian n., a perineuritis of the facial nerve in the Fallopian canal, producing com- pression of the nerve and consequent facial paral- ysis, interstitial n. (in-ter-stish'al), inflammation of the connective-tissue framework of a nerve. intraoc'ular n., inflammation of the retinal portion of the optic nerve, mi'grating n., a neuritis which extends along the nerve-trunk, in a direc- tion either from the periphery toward the center, ascending n., or from the center toward the periphery, descending n. mul'tiple n., simultane- ous inflammation of a large number of the spinal nerves, marked by paralysis, pain, and wasting of the muscles; polyneuritis, op'tic n., inflamma- tion of the optic nerve, parenchy'matous n., in- flammation of the nervous substance proper, the axis-cylinders and myelin, retrobul'bar n., inflam- mation of the orbital portion of the optic nerve. segmen'tal n., seg'mentaiy n., inflammation occur- ring at several points along the course of a nerve. sciat'ic n., inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing sciatica, toxic n., n. due to the action of alcohol, lead, arsenic, or some other poison. traumat'ic n., inflammation of a nerve following an injury. neuroanatomy (nu"ro-an-at'o-mI). The anatomy of the nervous system. neuroarthiitisin (nu"ro-ar'thrl-tizm). A condition in which there is a predisposition to nervous and rheumatoid or gouty disorders. neu'roblast [G. neuron, nerve, + blastos, germ.] An embryonic nerve-cell. neurocar'diac [G. neuron, nerve, + kardia, heart.] Relating to the nerve-supply of the heart ; relating to a cardiac neurosis. neurocele (nu'ro-sel). Neurocoele. neurocen'tral. Relating to the neurocentrum or central part of the neural axis, the vertebral body. n. suture, n. synchondro'sis, the line of union on either side between the body and the arch of a vertebra, in the young child. neurocen'trum. The central portion of the neural axis, the body of a vertebra. neurocer'atin. Neurokeratin. neurochitin (nu-ro-ki'tin) [G. neuron, nerve, + chiton, tunic] The supporting substance, that which forms the mitome, of the nerve-cell. neurochorioiditis (nu-ro-ko"ri-oy-di'(de')tis). In- flammation of the chorioid coat of the eye and the optic nerve. neurochorioretinitis (nu-ro-ko"rJ-o-ret-in-i'(e')tis) Inflammation of the chorioid coat of the eye, the retina, and the optic nerve. neurocity (nu-ros'I-tl). Neuricity. neurocoele (nu'ro-sel, nu-ro-se'le) [G. neuron, nerve, + koilos, hollow.] The central cavity of the cerebrospinal axis, the combined ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord. neurocra'nium [G. neuron, nerve, + kranion, skull.] The part of the skull enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face. neurocyte (nu'ro-sit) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- kytos, a hollow (a cell).] A nerve-cell, neuron.* neurocytoma (nu-ro-si-to'mah) [G. neuron, nerve, + kytos, cell, -I- -oma^ Neuroma (i). neuroden'drite, neuroden'dron [G. neuron, nerve, -1- dendron, tree.] Dendrite, dendron. neurodermatitis (nu-ro-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. neu- ron, nerve, + derma, skin, -I- -itis.l Inflamma- tion of the skin of nervous origin ; an inflammatory derma toneurosis. neu"rodermato'sis. Dermatoneurosis. neu'rodin. Acetylparaoxyphenylurethane ; a color- less crystalline substance obtained from amido- 43 phenol and ethylurethane ; antiperiodic and analgesic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). neurodyn'ia [G. neuron, nerve, + odyne, pain.] Neuralgia, nerve-pain. neu"ro-elec"trotherapeu'tics. Treatment of ner- vous liiseases by electricity. neu"roepider'mal. Relating to the nerves and the epidermis, noting an embryonic layer from which these tissues are formed. neuroepithe'lial. Relating to the neuroepithelium. neuroepithelio'ma. Glioma(2). neuroepithe'lium. Neurepithelium. neuTofi'bril. Nerve-fibril. neurofibro'ma, pi. neurofibro'mata, neurofibro'mas False neuroma; neuroma(2). neurofibromato'sis. i. The occurrence of tumors due to circumscribed hyperplasia of the fibrous structure of the nerves. 2. Recklinghausen's disease, of which it is one of the manifestations. neu'rofil. One of a number of neurofibrils passing back from the origin of the axis-cylinder and enveloping the body of the cell. neurogangliitis (nu"ro-gang-glJ-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- tion of a nerve-ganglion. neuroganglion (nu"ro-gang'gll-on). Nerve-ganglion. neurogas'tric. Relating to the nerves of the stomach. neurogen'esis [G. neuron, nerve, -{• genesis, origin.] The formation of nerves and nervous matter. neurogenet'ic, neurogen'ic [G. neuron, nerve, -I- ge«netoi, begotten.] i. Originating in, or starting from, or caused by, the nerves or nerve-cells, neurogenous. 2. Relating to neurogenesis. neurogenous (nu-roj'en-us) [G. neuron, nerve, + gennao, I produce.] Neurogenetic (i). neurog'Ua [G. neuron, nerve, -I- glia, glue.] The supporting substance of the nerves and cells of the brain and spinal cord, composed of a delicate fibrous network enclosing two varieties of cells, called spider cells* and mossy cells.* neurog'Iiac neurog'liar. Relating to the neuroglia. neurogllacyte (nu-rog'li-ah-sit) [neuroglia + G. kytos, cell.] One of the cells, mossy cells or spider cells, contained in the neuroglia. neurogUoma (nu"ro-gli-o'mah). A tumor formed of neurogliar tissue ; glioma. neurogram (nu'ro-gram) [G. neuron, nerve, + gramma, diagram, picture. ] The imprint on the physical brain substance left behind after every mental experience, i.e. the physical register of the mental experience, stimulation of which reproduces the original experience, thereby producing memory. neurog'raphy [G. neuron, nerve, -I- graphs, a descrip- tion,] Descriptive anatomy of the nervous system. neurohistol'ogy. The microscopical anatomy of the nervous system. neurohypnol'ogy [G. neuron, nerve, + hypnos, sleep, + -logia.] The science of hypnotism. neurohypophysis (nu-ro-hi-pof'i-sis) [G. neuron, nerve, + hypophysis (cerebri).] The posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri, or pituitary body. neuroid (nu'royd) [G. neuron, nerve, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling a. nerve, nerve- like. 2. Neurapophysis. neuToinduction (nu-ro-in-duk'shun) [G. neuron, nerve, + L. inducere, to persuade.] Sugges- tion. ueuroker'atin. A homy substance forming the supporting framework of the medullary substance of a meduUated nerve-fiber. NEUROKYME 674 NEURORELAPSE neurokyme (nu'ro-kim) [G. neuron, nerve, + kyma, wave.] Nervous energy. neurolexn'ma [G. neuron, nerve, + lemma, husk, skin.] An old term for the retina; not to be con- fused with neurilemma. neurorogist. One versed in the science of neurol- ogy; a specialist in the treatment of nervous diseases. neurol'ogy [G. neuron, nerve, + -logia.] The branch of medical science which has to do with the nervous system and its disorders. neurol'ysin. An antibody causing destruction of ganglion and cortical cells, obtained by the injec- tion of brain substance. neurol'ysis [G. neuron, nerve, + lysis, loosening, solution.] I. Destruction of nerve tissue by neurolysin. 2. Freeing of a nerve from inflam- ' matory adhesions. 3. Nervous exhaustion. neurolyt'ic. Relating to neurolysis. neuroma (nu-ro'mah), pi. neuro^maia, neuro'mas [G. neuron, nerve, + -oma.] 1. A tumor formed chiefly or in great part of cells of the type of sympathetic ganglion cells (true neuroma, gan- glioneuroma). 2. A fibrous tumor of a nerve- sheath surrounding and entangling the nerve- fibers (false neuroma, plexiform neuroma, neuro- fibroma), amputa'tion n., a swelling of the divided end of a nerve in an amputation-stump ; it is composed of proliferated nerve-fibers, turned upon themselves and imbedded in a dense fibrous growth, false n., plexiform n., neurofibroma, a fibrous timior of a nerve-trunk, containing no nerve-cells, mul'tiplen., neuromatosis, n. cu'tis, neurofibroma of the skin. n. telangiecto'des, a ■ vascular n., one containing an overgrowth of capillary vessels, nevoid n., n. telangiectodes. plex'ifonn u,, a fibrous tumor of a nerve-sheath enclosing and separating the nerve-fibers, trau- mat'ic n., amputation n., or one occurring in the cicatrix of any wound, true n., ganglioneuroma, s> tumor containing nerve-cells. neuromala'cia [G. neuron, nerve, + malakia, soft- ness.] Pathological softening of nervous tissue. neu'romast [G. neuron, nerve, + mastos, hillock.] A sense-organ composed of neurepitheliimi ; nerve-hillock. neuromato'sis. The occurrence of multiple neuro- mata. neuro'matous. Relating to a neuroma or to neuro- matosis. neuromechanism (nu-ro-mek'an-izm). The ner- vous apparatus — nerve-trunks, nerve-centers, and nerve-terminals — controlling the function of an organ or system. neuromere (nu'ro-mer) [G. neuron, nerve, 4- meros, part.] One of the dilatations formed at the ante- rior extremity of the neural groove in the embryo ; as the groove becomes converted into the neural tube, the neuromeres resolve themselves into the three primary cerebral vesicles. neuromixne'sis [G. neuron, nerve, -t- mimesis, imita- tion.] Hysterical or neurotic simiilation of dis- ease. neuromus'cular [G. neuron, nerve, -f- L. musculus, muscle.] Nervimuscular. neuromyelitis (nu"ro-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- myelos, marrow, + -itis.l Neuritis combined with spinal-cord inflammation. neuromyositis (nu"ro-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. neuron, nerve, + mys, muscle, -i- -iiis^ Neuritis with inflammation of the muscles with which the affected nerve or nerves are in relation. neuron (nu'ron) [G. neuron, a. nerve.] i. The moroholoeical unit of the nervous system, con- sisting of the nerve-cell body and its various processes, the dendrites and the axis-cylinder process or neuraxon. :;. The axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell, a neuraxon. 3. The cerebrospinal axis (obsolete). neu'ronal. i. Neuronic. 2. Trade name of bro- modiethylacetamide, diethylbromacetamide ; a sjmthetic hypnotic occurring in the form of a white powder of camphoraceous odor and bitter taste; dose, gr. 8-20 (0.5-1.3). neuroneph'iic [G. neuron, nerve, -1- nephros, kidney.] Relating to the nerve-supply of the kidney. neuron'ic. Relating to a neuron or to the nerve- cells in general. neuronophag, neuronophage (nu-ron'o-fag, nu-ron'o- faj) [G. phago, I eat.] A phagocyte which devours nerve-cells. neUTonopha'gia, neuronoph'agy [G. neuron, nerve + phago, I eat.] Destruction of nerve cells by phagocytes. neuron'osus [G. neuron, nerve, -f- nosos, disease.] Any disease of the nervous system, neuropathy. neuronyx'is [G. neuron, nerve, -\- nyxis, pricking.] Acupuncture of a nerve in the treatment of neu- ralgia. neuroparal'ysis. Paralysis resulting from disease of the nerve supplying the affected part. neu"roparalyt'ic. Relating to neuroparalysis. neu'ropath. One who suffers from or is predisposed to some disease of the nervous system. neuropathic. Relating in any way to neuropathy. neuropathogen'esis [G. neuron, nerve, + pathos, suffering, -I- genesis, origin.] The origin or causa- tion of a disease of the nervous system. neurop'athist. Neurologist. neuropathol'ogy. Pathology of the nervous system, neurop'athy [G. neuron, nerve, -t- pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the nervous system, neuronosus. neuropho'nia [G. neuron, nerve, + phone, voice.] A spasm or tic of the muscles of phonation caus- ing involuntary sounds or cries. neurophysiol'ogy. Physiology of the nervous system. neuropile (nu'ro-pfl) [G. neuron, nerve, -|- pilos, felt.] Neurite. neuropi'lem [G. neuron, nerve, + pilos, felt.] The network of nerve-fibrils into which the nerve- fiber divides at its termination. neu'roplasm. The protoplasm of a nerve-cell. neu'roplasty. Plastic surgery of the nerves. neu'roplex, neuroplex'us. A plexus of nerves. neurop'loca [G. neuron, nerve, + ploks, a web.] A nerve-ganglion. neuropo'dion, neuropo'dium [G. neuron, nerve, -1- podion, little foot.] Dendraxon, a terminal twig of a neuraxon. neuropore (nu'ro-por) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- poros, pore.] An opening in the embryo leading from the neural canal to the exterior. neuropotential (nu-ro-po-ten'shyal) [G. neuron, nerve, -t- potential. ] The reserve of energy in nervous structure. neuropsychopath'ic. Relating to neuropsychopathy. neuropsychopathy (nu-ro-si-kop'S-thl) [G. neuron, nerve, + psyche, mind, + pathos, suffering.] Any nervous disorder with complicating mental symptoms. neuropsychosis (nu-ro-si-ko'sis). Neuropsychop- athy. neurorelapse (nu"ro-re-laps'). The occurrence of nervous symptoms in syphilis following an injec- tion of salvarsan; called also neurorecidive and neurorecurrence. NEURORETINITIS 67s NEUROVARICOSIS neuroretinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i'(e')tis) [G. neuron, nerve, + L. retina + G. -itis.'\ Inflammation of the retina and of the optic nerve. neurorrhaphy (nu-ror'ra.-fJ) [G. neuron, nerve, + rhapke, sutvire.] Joining by suture the ends of a divided nerve. neurorrheuma (nu-ro-ru'mah) [G. neuron, nerve, + rheuma, current.] Nervous energy. Heuroryc'tes hydropho'bise [G. neuron, nerve, + oryktes, a digger.] Negri* body, the supposed protozoan microorganism of rabies. neuro'sal. Relating to a neurosis. neurosarcocleisis (nu-ro-sar-ko-kli'sis) [G. neuron, a nerve, + sarx{sark-), flesh, + kleio, I enclose.] An operation for the relief of. neuralgia, which consists in resection of one of the walls of the osseous canal traversed by the nerve and the transportation of the latter into the soft tissues. neurosarco'ma. A mixed neuroma and sarcoma; glioma (2). neurosclero'sis [G. neuron, nerve, + sklerdsis, induration.] Hardening of the nerves in conse- quence of overgrowth of the connective tissue, neuro'sis [G. neuron, nerve.] i. A nervous disease, especially a functional nervous disease or one which is dependent upon no evident lesion. 2. A peculiar state of tension or irritability of the nervous system ; any form of nervousness, ac'ci- dent n., traumatic n. anxi'ety n., psychasthenia in which gloomy forebodings are a predominant symptom, fatigue' n., neurasthenia or psychas- thenia. occupa'tion or profes'sional n., a func- tional disorder of a group of muscles which one ; uses chiefly in his occupation, marked: by the occurrence of spasm, paresis, or incoordination when one attempts to repeat the habitual move- ments, as in writing, playing the piano and other musical instruments, etc. sex'ual n., a nervous disorder of the sexual function, such as impotence ,or spermatorrhea. tor'sion u., dysbasia lordotica progressiva, traumat'ic n., any func- tional nervous disorder following an accident or injury, war n., shell-shock, a nervous disorder, with or without a physical basis, induced by conditions existing in warfare. neurosism (nu'ro-sizm) . Nervousness, neuras- thenia, neuroticism; a condition of perverted or irritable nervous action. neuroskereton [G. neuron, nerve.] Endoskeleton. neu'rosome [G. neuron, nerve, + soma, body.] i. One of the minute granules seen in the proto- plasm of a neuron and of its axis-cylinder, z. The body of a nerve-cell. neurospasm (nu'ro-spazm) [G, neuron, nerve, -f- spasmos, spasm. ] Muscular spasm or twitching caused by a disordered nerve-supply. neurosplanchnic (nu-ro-splank'nik) [G. neuron^ nerve, + splanchnon, a viscus.] Relating to both the cerebrospinal and the sympathetic nervous systems. neurospon'gium [G. neuron, nerve, + spongion, small sponge.] i. The network of fibrils support- ing the neuroplasm. 2. The reticular layer of the retina. neurostearic acid (nu-ro-ste-ar'ik as'id) [G. neuron, nerve, + stear, tallow.] An acid obtained from brain matter by the action of dilute Sulpljuric acid. neiu'osthenia (nu-ro-sthe'rf-ah) , [G. neurony nerve, + sthenos, force.] A-cojidJtipn -in- which- the nerves respond with abnormal force or rapidity to slight stimuli. neurosurgeon (nu-ro-sur'jun) [G. neuron, nerve.] A surgeon specializing in operations on the nerves and central nervous system. neurosurgery (nu-ro-sur'ji-ri) [G. neuron, nerve.] Surgery of the nervous system. neurosu'ture. Nerve-suture, neurorrhaphy. neurosyphilis (nu-ro-sif 'i-lis) . Syphilis affecting especially the nerve structures. neurota'bes [G. neuron, nerve, -t- L. tabes, a wast- ing away.] Polyneuritis with ataxic symptoms. neurotagma (nu-ro-tag'mah) [G. neuron, nerve, -I- iagma, that which is arranged.] The arrange- ment of protoplasmic elements in the neuron. neuroten'sion. Nerve-stretching. neurothele (nu'ro-thel) [G. neuron, nerve, -1- thele, nipple.] Nerve-papilla. neurotherapeu'tics, neurother'apy. The treatment of nervous disorders. neurothlip'sia [G. neMroM, nerve, + it forms about 77 parts by weight of the atmos- ,' phere; called also azote, n. distribu'tion, n. partition, u. group, four trivalent or quin- quivalent metalloids, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, their hydrogen com- pounds are basic; their oxyacids vary from mono- basic to tetrabasic. n. lag, the length of time after the ingestion of a given protein before an amount of nitrogen equal to that in this protein has been excreted in the urine, n. monox'ide, nitrous* oxide, n. parti'tion, the determination of the percentage of total nitrogen in the urine present in each of the nitrogenous constituents. nitroge'nii monoz'idum (U.S.). Nitrogen monox- ide, nitrous* oxide. nitrogenous (ni-troj'en-us). Relating to or con- taining nitrogen. nitroglu'cose. A substance formed by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids on cane-sugar: its action on the circulation is similar to that of nitro- glycerin. nitroglycerin (ni-tro-glis'er-in). Glonoin, glyceryl trinitrate, C3Hj(N03)3, a yellowish oily fluid formed by the action of sulphuric and nitric acids on glycerin: employed as a vasodilator in doses of gr. j^tttV (0.0003-0.0013); the official preparation is the spiriius glyceryiis nitratis. ni"trohydrochlo'ric acid. Nitromuriatic acid, aqua! regia, acidum* nitrohydrochloricum. nitrolev'ulose. A preparation made by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids on fruit sugar; like nitroglucose, a vasodilator. nitromann'itol. A preparation made, in the same way as nitroglucose, from mannite; a vaso- dilator. nitrom'eter [G. meiron, measure.] A device for collecting and measuring the nitrogen set free in a chemical reaction. nitronaph'thalene. A substance, CuHjNO^, derived from naphthalene by the action of nitric acid, nitrosaccharose (ni"tro-sak'ar-6z). Nitroglucose. nitroso-. A prefix denoting a compound containing the univalent atom group, (NO), or nitrosyl. nitro"sobacte'ria. Nitrobacteria. nitrosubstitu'tion. The displacement of a radical or atom in a chemical compound by the radical nitryl. nitrosugars (ni"tro-shu'garz). A class of vaso- dilators including nitroglucose, nitrolevulose, etc. ni'trosyl. A univalent radical or atom-group, NO, forming the nitrosocompounds. nl'trous. Noting a nitrogen compound containing the fewest possible oxygen atoms, one in which the nitrogen is present in its lowest valency, n. ox'ide, nitrogen monoxide, NjO, laughing gas, nitrogenii monoxidum (U.S.); a gas employed in producing general anesthesia for short opera- tions, such as tooth-pulling or incising felons, or preliminary to ether or chloroform inhalation. nltrox'yl, ni'tiyl. The hypothetical radical, NOj, of the nitrocompounds. Hltze's meth'od (nit'seh). Suture of an artery by turning back one of the cut ends over an ivory ring and then drawing the other end of the artery over the cuff so formed. nl'zin. Zinc sulphanilate. K.N.N, me'dium [NicoUe, iVovy, MciVeal.) A modified Novy-McNeal agar medium, employed by NicoUe for the cultivation of Leishmania donovani; it consists of agar 14, salt 6, water 900, to which, after sterilization, is added one-third rabbit's blood. No. Abbreviation of L. numero, by number, noting the place of any unit in a series ; number. Mo. 6, a preparation in the old Thompsonian formulary, similar to tinctura* capsici et myrrhs (N.F.). No. 102, luargol. No. 606, salvarsan. No. 914, neosalvarsan. NjO. Nitrous oxide, nitrogen monoxide, laughing gas. H2O3. Nitrogen trioxide, nitrous anhydride, some- times improperly called nitrous acid, which is HNO,. NjOj. Nitrogen pentoxide, nitric anhydride. Nobel's explo'sive [Alfred Bemhard Nobel, Swedish chemist, 1833-1896.] Nitroglycerin. N.'s prize fund, a fund left by N. in his will, the interest of which is divided into five parts to be given to the persons anywhere in the world who have made the most important discovery (i) in chemistry, (2) in physical science, or (3) in physiology or medicine ; (4) to the writer of the most important idealistic literary work; and (5) to the one who has done most to advance the cause of fraternity among men. no'ble cells or el'ements. The cells of the organs, nerves, and muscles ; the differentiated cells of the body as distinguished from the fixed or connective- tissue and wandering . cells having phagocytic properties. Nobscot Mountain Spring, Massachusetts. Light saline-calcic waters, 41° P. Used by drinking. Nocard's bacill'us (n6-kar') [Edmond Isidore Etienne Nocard, French veterinarian, 1850- 1903.] The bacillus of psittacosis. Nocardia [E. I. E. Nocard, French veterinarian, 1850-1903.] A genus of fungi or hyphomycetes containing a number of species parasitic in man and animals; under this term are grouped va- rious organisms usually called Actinotnyces, Cladothrix, Sireptothrix, etc., and by some even Bacillus tuberculosis. N. astero'ides, Cladothrix asteroides, found in mycetoma. N. bo'vis, Actinomyces bovis, the organism of true actin- omycosis. N. f arcin'ica, A ctinomyces farcinica, the specific organism of a cattle disease in Guadaloupe. N. foers'teri, Streptothrix foersteri, Oospora foersteri, masses of which in the lacrymal canal were mistaken by Desmarre for concre- tions. N. isra'eli, Streptothrix israeli, found in true actinomycosis. N. madu'rte, Streptothrix madurce, the cause of white mycetoma. N. minutis'sima, Microsporon minutissimum. the pathogenic agent in erythrasma. N. poncet'i, a species causing pseudoactinomycosis. N. pul- mona'lis, a species appearing in some stages in the form of bacilli or coccoid bodies, the cause of a form of pseudotuberculosis. Nocera, Italy (n6-cha'rah). Alkaline waters. Used by drinking in digestive disorders and debility. Nocht's stain. A modified Romano vsky stain; a solution is made of one per cent, methylene blue and J per cent, sodium carbonate and kept for a few days at 60° C. Then to 2 c.c. of water in a watch glass 2 or 3 drops of a one-per cent, eosin solution are added, and to this drop by drop the first solution until the eosin tint just disap- pears nociassociation (no-si-as-so-sl-a'shun) [L. nocere, to injure.] The discharge of nervous energy, in the form of shock, exhaustion, etc., following over stimulation of the nociceptors by trauma, a surgical operation, chronic disease, etc. nociceptive (no-sl-sep'tiv). Capable of appre- ciation or transmission of injurious influences. nocicep'tor [L. nocere, to injure, + capere, to take.] A peripheral nerve organ or mechanism for the appreciation and transmission of painful stimuli. uoci-influence (no"s?-in'flu-ens) [L. nocere, to injure.] Injurious or harmful influence. nociperception (no-sl-per-sep'shun) . The appre- ciation of injurious influences, referring to nerve centers. noctambula'tion [L. nox(noct-), night, + ambulare, to walk.] Night-walking, sleep-walking. noctipho'bia [L. nox(noct-), night, -f- G. phobos, fear.] Nyctophobia. noctiir'nal [L. nocturnus.'] Relating to or occurring during the night. Noc'ua [L. nocere, to injure.] Venenosa. no'dal. Relating to any node, such as the atrio- ventricular node in the heart, n. bradycardia, n. rhythm, see the nouns. node [L. nodus, a knot.] i. A knob, a circum- scribed swelling, •£. A circumscribed mass of differentiated tissue. 3. A transverse partition, such as those occurring on the stems of grasses 4. A knuckle, or finger-joint. a"trioveii,tric'ular n., auric"uloventric'ular n., a node of differen- tiated tissue in the wall of the right atrium (auricle) near the mouth of the coronary sinus, from which starts the atrioventricular bundle. Bouchard's n., Haygarth's n., Heberden's n., etc., see the proper nouns, lymph n., lymph gland, lymphoglandula [BNA], one of the nodular aggre- gations of lymph tissue interrupting the course of the lymphatic vessels, singers' nodes, singers ' nodules, vocal nodules, trachoma of the vocal bands, chorditis nodosa or tuberosa ; small circum- scribed, bead-like enlargements on the vocal cords, caused by overuse or maluse of the voice in singing, especially high notes, sinoa'trial or sinoauric'ular n., a small node at the mouth of the superior vena cava, believed by some to represent the remains of the sinus venosus and to be the starting point of the heart's contraction. nodose (no'dos) [L. nodosus."] i. Having nodes or knot-like swellings. .1. Divided by transverse partitions, as the stems of grasses. nodos'itas [L.] Nodosity, n. crin'ium [L. gen. pi. of crinis, hair], trichorrhexis nodosa. nodos'ity [L. nodositas.] i. A node, a knob-like or knotty swelling. 2. The condition of being nodose. nodous (no'dus). Nodose. nod'ular. Nodose; relating to or characterized by the presence of nodules. nod'ulate, nod'ulated. Nodular, marked by the presence of nodules. nodula'tion. The formation or the presence of nodules. nod'ule PL. nodulas.] A small node, enam'el n., a circumscribed outgrowth of enamel substance, odontoma, singers' nodules, vocal nodules, singers' nodes.* nod'uli. Plural of nodulus.* nod'ulous. Nodular, nodose. nod'ulus pi. nod'uli [L. dim. of nodus, knot.] 1. Nodule. 2. [BNA] The anterior subdivision of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum, forming with the velum medullare posterius the central portion of the nodular lobe, nod'uli aggrega'ti proces'sus vermifor'mis, masses of lymphoid tissue in the submucous coat of the vermiform process, n. carot'icus, carotid gland, nod'uli laquea'ti, an anomaly of the hair in which it appears to be knotted, nod'uli lymphat'ici aggrega'ti [BNA], Peyer's patches, aggregated or agminated glands; collections of many lymphoid nodules closely packed together, forming oblong elevations on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, their long axis corresponding to that of the bowel, nod'uli lymphat'ici larynge'i [BNA], laryngeal tonsil.* nod'uli lymphat'ici liena'les [BNA], splenic lymph- nodules, Malpighian cor- puscles, small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue attached to the sides of the smaller arterial branches, nod'uli lymphat'ici solita'rii [BNA], Peyer's glands, solitary glands of the intestine; minute nodules of lymphoid tissue projecting from the mucous membrane of the small and large intes- tines, being especially numerous in the cecum and appendix, nod'uli lymphat'ici tuba'rii [BNA], Eustachian tonsil.* n. l3rmphat'icus, lymph nodule or follicle, one of the masses of lymphoid cells interposed between the lymph sinuses in the cortex of a lymphatic gland. ■ n. val'vulae semi- luna'ris, pi. nod'uli valvula'rum semiluna'rium [BNA], corpus Arantii, a nodule at the center of the free border of each semilunar valve at the beginning of the aorta and of the pulmonary artery. no'dus [L. a knot.] Node. n. cer'ebri, pons Varolii, ii. cor'dis, trigonum fibrosum. n. curso'rius [L. cursor, a runner], a center in the nucleus caudatus, stimulation of which causes leaping or running movements, n. gutt'uris, prominentia laryngea, Adam's apple. noematachograph (no-e"ma-tak'o-graf) [G. noema, thought, -4- tachys, swift, + grapho, I write.] An instrument for recording graphically the rapidity of thought. noematachometer (no-e"ma-ta-kom'e-ter) [G. noema, thought, 4- tachys, swift, -f- meiron, measure.] Noematachograph. noemat'ic (no-e-mat'ik) [G. noema^noemat-), perception, a thought.] Relating to the mental processes. noeud vital (ne" ve-tal') [F. nceud, knot.] The sup- posed respiratory center in the medulla near the point of exit of the vagus nerve. Nogu'chi test [Hideyo Noguchi, Japanese bacteri- ologist in New York, *i876.] i. A test for tabes or general paralysis, depending upon a specific albumin reaction of the spinal fluid; o . I c.c. of the spinal fluid to be tested is placed in a test-tube "whose diameter is i cm. or less. To this is added 0.5 c.c. of a 10 per cent, solution of butyric acid. The tube is now heated until the fluid is bubbling, and while still hot o . i c.c. of a normal (4 per cent.) solution of sodium hydrate is added. In nearly all spinal fluids an opalescence or cloud occurs, but in the spinal fluid of general paralysis the cloud soon separates into a definite flocculence which is characteristic, .t. A test for syphilis, a modification of the Wassermann method: The antigen is a lipoid substance extracted from the liver and heart; human cor- puscles instead of sheep's corpuscles are used, and the hemolytic ambocepter is obtained by immunizing rabbits against normal . human erythrocytes. The hemolytic ambocepter and antigen are preserved by soaking filter paper and drying. The antigen filter paper is placed ift human serum, guinea-pig's serum is added and both are diluted with isotonic salt solution; after this has stood a definite time at incubator temperature the hemolytic amboceptor paper NOGUCHI TEST 680 NORMOPLASIA and a definite quantity of washed normal human erythrocytes are added. 3. Luetin test, cuti- reaction test; a drop of luetin is injected intra- cutaneously , and if syphilis is present a large, red- dish indurated papule surrounded with a purplish areola appears within 24 to 48 hours. no'li me tan'gere [L. do not touch me.] Rodent ulcer.* no'ma [G. name, a spreading (sore).] A progressive gangrenous process occurring in children, begin- ning on the mucous membrane of the cheek or the gum and spreading to the cutaneous surface; .cancrum oris, gangrenous stomatitis, A similar process (n. puden'di, n. vulva) may also involve the labia majora. 2. Nona. no'menclature [L. nomen, name, + calare, to call.] A system of names in any science or art ; termin- ology, onomatology. nominee' [L. nominare, to name.] See survivorship annuity.* nomotopic (no-mo-top'ik) [G. nomos, law, custom, -I- topos, place.] Relating to or occurring at the usual or normal place. non- [L. non, not.] A prefix denoting a negation, or the absence of the quality or fact expressed by the word to which it is prefixed. nona (no'nah) [It. nono, i. nana, ninth, because it was said to come on nine days after the be- ginning of an attack of influenza; or, as others conjecture, so named after the silkworm which becomes sluggish every ninth day.] Encephali- tis lethargica occurring during an influenza pandemic. no'nan [L. nanus, ninth.] Occurring on the ninth day, noting a malarial fever, the paroxysms of which occur every ninth day, i.e. every eighth day following the preceding paroxysm, the day of each paroxysm being included in the computation. non com'pos men'tis [L. non, not, + compos, partici- pating, competent, + mens, gen. mentis, mind.] Not of sound mind, mentally incapable of managing one's affairs. non-conduc'tor. Anything which does not transmit an electrical current, or heat, as the case may be. nonigravida (no-nl-graVI-dah) [L. nonus, ninth, + gravida, pregnant.] Noting a woman preg- nant for the ninth time. nonipara (no-nip'ah-rah) [L. nonus, ninth. + parere, to bear.] Noting a woman who has borne nine children. Honne-Apelt reaction (non'neh-ah'pelt re-ak'shun) [Max Nonne, F. Apelt, German physicians, con- temporary.] If equal parts of cerebrospinal fluid and a neutral saturated solution of ammonium sulphate are mixed, the appearance of marked opalescence or turbidity indicates the presence of globulin in excess and supposedly denotes some abnormality of the nervous system. This is called a "positive phase i ;" the presence of only a faint opalescence or none at all is called a "negative ph'Bse I." A "positive phase 2" is the appear- ance of turbidity in the cerebrospinal fluid, with- out admixture of ammonium sulphate solution, when treated with heat and acetic acid. non -parous (non-par'us) . Noting a woman who has borne no children, nuUiparous. non-restraint'. Management of the insane without the use of the strait-jacket or other restrictive measures. no'nus [L. ninth.] The ninth cranial nerve of the old nomenclature, now called the twelfth or nervus hypoglossus. non-va'lent. Having no valencv because entering into union with no other element; noting in chemistry an element such as argon. non-vl'able [L. non, not, + Fr. viable.'] Incapable of independent existence, noting a prematurely bom child. noopsyche (no'o-si-ke) [G. noos, intelligence, -|- psyche, soul.] Intellectual processes. Nordauism (nor'dow-izna) [Max Simon Nordau, German physician and sociologist, resident in Paris, *i84g.] Degeneracy. Ilord'hausen sulphu'ric acid [Nordhausen, a town in Saxony where it was first prepared.] Fuming sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid containing sulphur- ous acid gas in solution. norm [L. norma, a carpenter's rule.] The usual the typical, the healthy. nor'ma [L. a carpenter 's square.] A line or pattern defining the contour of a part ; extended to denote the outline of a surface, referring especially to the various aspects of the cranium, n. ante'rior, n. facialis or frontalis, n. basila'ris, n. ventralis. n. facia'lis, n. frontalis, n. fronta'lis, the outline of the skull viewed from in front ; see cut under skull, n. infe'rioT, n. ventralis or basilaris. n. latera'lis, n. tempoi-alis. u. occipita'lis, the out- line of the skull viewed from behind, n. poste'- rior, n. occipitalis, n. sagitta'lis, n. temporalis- or the outline of a sagittal section through the skull, n. supe'rior, n. verticalis. n. tempora'e lis, the profile of the skull; the outline of tah skull viewed from either side, or of a sagittj. section; see cut under skull, n. ventra'lis, the outline of the inferior aspect of the skiill. 11, vertica'lis, the outline of the superior surface of the skull, or of a vertical section. nor'mal [L. normalis, according to pattern.] ±. Typical, usual, healthy, according to the rule or standard. 2. In bacteriology, nonimmune, un- treated; noting an animal, or the serum or sub- stance contained therein of an animal which has not been experimentally immunized against any microorganism or its products, n. an'imal, in bacteriology an experiment animal which has neither suffered an attack of a particular diseas- nor received an injection of the specific microe organism or its toxin, n. serum, an antitoxic serum of a strength exactly sufficient to render inactive an equal quantity of normal toxin, n. solu'tion, a solution of which one liter contains just enough of the dissolved substance to replace one gram of hydrogen; see under solution, a. toxin, a toxin solution holding exactly 100 lethal doses in i c.c. normaliza'tion. The making normal or according to the standard ; noting especially the reducing or strengthening of a solution to make it normal. nor'malize. To make normal or of the proper strength or standard. nor'moblast [L. norma, a carpenter's square (the norm), + G. blastos, sprout, germ.] A nucleated red blood corpuscle of medium size. normocyte (nor'mo-sit) [L. norma, a carpenter's rule or square (the norm), + G. kytos, cell.] A non-nucleated erythrocyte of normal size (aver- aging 7. s;u);anormal, healthy red blood corpuscle. normocyto'sis. A normal state of the blood as regards its corpuscular elements. normoorthocjrtosis (nor"mo-or"tho-si-to'sis) [L. norma, rule, + G. orthos, correct, + kytos, cell, + -osis.] A blood state in which the total number of white cells is increased, but the relative pro- portion of the different varieties is normal. normoplasia fnor-mo-nla'zl-ahl TT. NORMOPLASIA 68i NOSTRIL G. plasis, formation.] A specific differentiation characteristic of a cell within normal limits. noimoske"ocyto'sis [L. norma, rule, + G. skaios, left, + kytos, cell, + -osis.] A blood state in which the white cells are normal in number, but there is deviation* to the left. Bor'ris's cor'puscles [Richard Morris, English physi- ologist, 1831— 1916.] Decolorized red blood- corpuscles, invisible in the blood-plasma. north Haven Pool, Connecticut. The waters con- tain various sulphates, carbonates, sodium chloride, and considerable iron. Used by drink- ing in chronic skin troubles. Hor'wood's tinc'ture [Wesley C. Norwood, American physician, 19th century.] A tincture of vera- trum viride, said to be prepared from the fresh root in the proportion of 240 gi-ains to each ounce of alcohol. nose [A.S. nosu.} Nasus; the organ of smell, organon olfactus, and one of the accessory organs of respiration, the beginning or entrance of the air-passages ; the prominence in the center of the face formed of bone and cartilage. The organ of smell occupies the upper portion of the nasal cavity, the respiratory part is the lower portion. absence, arrhinia. bleeding from, nosebleed, epistaxis rbinorrhagia, stalaxis narium, hsmorrhagia narium bridge, ponticulus nasi, dorsum nasi, spina nasi calculus, rhinolith, rhinolite. cartilages, cartilago septi nasi, c. nasi lateralis, c. alaris major, c. vomero- nasalis, cartilagines alares minores, cartilagines sesa- moidese nasi, cavity, cavum nasi, nasal fossa (pi. fossae) , meatus, disease, rhinopathy. edema of, rhinedema. ezamination of, rhinoscopy, conchoscopy. flaring portion, alae nasi, pinnae nasi, hair at the orifice, rbinothrix, vibrissa (pi. vibrissae). having a flat, platyrrhine. having a slender, leptorrhine. hyper- trophy, macrorrhinia. ixnperforation of nostrils, atretorrhinia. inflammation, rhinitis, coryza, nasitis, ozena, rhinocatarrhus. irrigation of, nasai douching, rhinechysis. itching, rhinocnesmus. mucous mem- brane, pituitary membrane, Schneiderian membrane. necrosis of bones, rhinonecrosis. obstruction, rhino- cleisis, rhinostenosis, rhinostegnosis, rhinangia, rhinan- chone. orifice, meatus, nares, nostrils; posterior nares, choanae. originating from, rhinogenic. pain, rhinalgia, rhinodynia. partition, sepjum narium, sep- tum nasi, plastic surgery, rhinoplasty, reducing size, rhinomiosis. root, nasion. serous discharge, rhinorrhea. specialty of diseases of, rhinology, rhinia- try. tampon, rhinobyon, rhineurynter. tip, apex nasi, lobulus nasi. tumor, rhinophyma, rhinoscleroma, rhinoncus, nasal polypus, rhinopolypus. ulceration, rhinelcosis, rhinocace. wings, alas nasi, pinnae nasi. nose'bleed. Epistaxis. nose-fly. CEsirus ovis, a bot-fly infesting the jiostril of the sheep. Nose'ma [G. nosenta, plague.] A genus of protozoa, including the supposed hyperparasite of the ma- larial organism ; see black* spore. nosenceph'alus [G. nosos, disease, -I- enkephalos, brain.] A monster with absence of skull in the frontal and temporal regions and a rudimentary brain. nose'piece. A microscope attachment, consisting of several objectives surrounding a central pivot by means of which any one may be brought into position instantly. (See cut under microscope.) nosetiology (nos"e-ti-ol'o-ii) [G. nosos, disease, + aitia, cause, -I- -ology.] The doctrine of the causation of disease. nosochthonography (nos-ok-tho-nog'ra.-f!) [G. nosos, disease, + chthon, the earth, + graphs, a descrip- tion.] Nosogeography. nosoco'mial. Relating to a hospital. nosocomion, nosocomium (nos-o-ko'mJ-on, or um) [G. nosos, disease, + kom.ed, I take care of.] A hospital. nos'ode [G. nosos, disease, -I- eidos, appearance.] A virus administered in minute dose in the treat- ment of the disease which, in larger amount, it causes ; an isopathic term, signifying practically a bacterine or bacterial vaccine. In homeopathy the potentized virus of an infectious disease. nosogen'esis, nosogeny (nos-oj'en-1) [G. nosos, dis- ease, + genesis, origin, production.] Pathogenesis. nosogenic (nos-o-jen'ik) [G. nosos, disease, -f- gennao, I produce.] Pathogenic ; causing disease \ nosogeography (nos"o-je-og'ra-fJ) [G. nosos, disease, + geographia, geography.] Medical geography, nosochthonography. nosog'rapher. A writer on diseases. nosograph'ical. Relating to nosography, or the description of diseases. nosog'raphy [G. nosos, disease, + graphs, descrip- tion.] A treatise on pathology or the practice of medicine. nosological (nos-o-loj'J-kal). Relating to nosology or the classification of diseases. nosol'ogy [G. nosos, disease, + -logia.'\ The classi- fication of diseases. - nosoma'nia [G. nosos, disease, + mania, frenzy.] Hypochondriasis carried to the point of insanity. nosomyco'sis [G. nosos, disease, -I- mykSs, fungus.] A microparasitic disease. noson'omy [G. nosos, disease, + nomas, law.] The classification of diseases, nosology. nosopar'asite [G. K050J, disease.] i. Amicropara- site found in association with a certain disease and modifying its course, but not the actual cause of the morbid process, j. A pathogenic parasite attacking only diseased tissues, e.g. one of a number of protozoans which excite dysenteric symptoms only when a catarrhal or other non-specific form of colitis is present. nos'ophen. lodophen, tetraiodophenolphthalein, a yellowish, odorless, tasteless powder; employed locally as a remedy in nasal catarrh and eczema, and internally in intestinal catarrh in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). nosopho'bia [G. nosos, disease, -f phobos, fear.] Pathophobia; an inordinate dread and fear of disease. nosophyte (nos'o-fite) [G. nosos, disease, + phylon, plant.] A pathogenic vegetable microorganism. nosopoietic (nos"o-poy-et'ik) [G. nosos, disease, + poieo, I make.] Pathogenic. nos'otaxy [G. nosos, disease, -I- taxis, arrangement.] The classification of diseases, nosology. nosotox'ic. Relating to a nosotoxin or to noso- toxicosis. nosotoxico'sis [G. nosos, disease, + ioxicon, poison.] A morbid state caused by the products of another disease, as is assumed of the acidosis complicating diabetes. nosotox'in. Any toxin associated with an infectious disease. nosotrophy (nos-ot'ro-fl) [G. nosos, disease, -|- trophS, nourishment.] Nursing of the sick. nostal'gia [G. nostos, a return, + algos, pain.] Homesickness, a longing to return to one's home or former place of residence. nostal'gic. Relating to nostalgia, homesick, nostal'gy. Nostalgia. Nostocacese (nos-to-ka'se-e) . A family of fresh- water algsB containing chlorophyl. nostol'ogy [G. nostos, a return, + -logia.] Geron- tology, the branch of medical science which has to do with the processes, physiological and path- ological, of extreme old age, or senility. nostoma'nia [G. nostos, a return, + mania, frenzy.] Homesickness carried to the point of insanity. nos'tril. Naris, one of the two external openings of the nasal fossae, flare of the nostrils, alas nasi. NOSTRUM 682 NOVOIODINE nos'trum [L. neuter of nosier, our, "our own rem- edy."] A quack medicine; a therapeutic agent, secret or patented, which is offered to the general pubHc as a specific remedy for any disease or class of diseases. no'tal [G. notos, the back.] Relating to the back; dorsal. notal'gia [G. noios, the back, + algos, pain.] Pain in the back; rhaohialgia. no"tancepha'Iia [G. nolos, back, + an- priv. + kephale, head.] A monstrosity marked by ^ deficiency in the occipital region of the skull. no"tanencepha'lia [G. noios, back, + an- priv. + enkephalos, brain.] A monstrosity marked by absence of the cerebellum. notch. An indentation at the edge of any structure, emargination, incisura.* acetab'ular n., cotyloid n., incisura acetabuli [BNA]. aor'tic n., the slight notch in the sphygmographio tracing caused by the rebound at the closure of the aortic valves. auric'ular n., (i) incisura anterior auris [BNA]; (2) incisura terminalis auris [BNA]. cardiac n., incisura cardiaca. cerebell'ar n., incisura cere- belli, anterior and posterior, clavic'ular n., a depression at each upper angle of the manubrium ■ stemi for articulation with the clavicle, incisura clavicularis [BNA]. conchal n., auricular n. cot'yloid n., incisura acetabuli [BNA], a deep notch at the lower part of the acetabulum. ethmoid'al n., incisura ethmoidalis [BNA]. fib'- ular n., incisura fibularis [BNA]. frontal n., incisura frontalis, interclavic'ular n., the depres- sion between the two sternoclavicular articula- tions; sternal n., prestemal n., incisura ju9rularis [BNA]. intercon'dyloid n., fossa intercondyloidea [BNA], the large notch between the condyles of the femur posteriorly, intertrag'ic n., incisiira intertragica. interver'tebral n., incisura verte- bralis [BNA]. ischiat'ic n., incisura ischiadica [BNA]. ju'gular n., (i) the posterior edge of the jugular foramen; (2) incisura jugularis [BNA]. lac'rymal n., incisura lacrimalis [BNA]. man- dib'ular n., incisura mandibulse [BNA]. marsu'- pial n., incisura cerebelli posterior [BNA]. mas'- toid n., incisura mastoidea [BNA]. na'sal n., incisura nasalis [BNA]. parot'id n., the space between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process of the temporal bone, poplit'eal n., incisura poplitea [BNA]. preoccip'ital n., an indentation in the ventrolateral border of the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, near the occipital pole, prester'nal n., incisura jugularis [BNA]. pter'ygoid n., fissura ptery- goidea [BNA]. ra'dial n., incisura radialis [BNA]. eacrosciat'ic ni, the notch of the pelvic outlet on either side, formed by the ischium in front, the sacrum behind, and the ilium above; in life they are converted into foramina by the sacrosciatic ligaments, scap'alar n., incisura scapulse [BNA]. semilu'nar n., (i) incisura cerebelli anterior [BNA]; (2) incisura semilu- naris, sigmoid n., i ncisura mandibulas [BNA]. sphenopal'atine n., incisura sphenopalatina [BNA]. ster'nal n., interclavicular notch, incisura jugularis [BNA]. supraor'bital n., incisura supraorbitalis. suprascap'ular n., incisura scapulae [BNA]. supraster'nal n., inter- clavicular n. ter'minal n., incisura terminalis auris [BNA]. thy'roid n., incisura thyreoidea. tympan'ic n., incisura of Rivini, incisura* tym- panica. ul'nar n., incisura ulnaris [BNA] umbil'ical n., incisura umbilicalis [BNA]. ver'- note'-blindness. Loss of the ability to comprehend musical notation. notencephalocele (no^ten-sef'al-o-sel) [G. noios, back, + enkephalos, brain, + kele, hernia.] A defect in the occipital portion of the cranium with protrusion of brain substance. notenceph'alus. A monster with notencephalocele, see cut under pygopagus. Hothnagel's synirome (not'nah-gel) [Carl Wilhelm Hermann Noihnagel, Vienna physician, 1841- . 1905.] 1. Dizziness, staggering, and rolling gait, with irregular forms of oculomotor paralysis and often nystagmus, seen in cases of tumor of the corpora quadrigemina. z. Paralysis of the facial muscles in cases of tumor of the thalamus. If.'s test, to determine the direction of the intestine in abdominal operations one places a small crystal ofsodium chloride on the peritoneal surface of the gut ; this causes ascending peristalsis, or antiperi- stalsis. no-thresh'old bod'y. A substance in the blood plasma, the presence of which gives rise to no symptoms. notochord (no'to-cord) [G. noios, back, -I- chords, cord, string.] A cartilaginous or fibrocellular rod in the young embryo, constituting the prim- itive spinal cord or chorda dorsalis. notochordal (no-to-cor'dal). Relating to the noto- chord or primitive spinal cord. n. canal', a canal, formed from a fissure in the primitive streak, which communicates with the cavity of the yolk- sac ; neurenteric canal ; the canal, in the embryo, connecting the neural and the enteric tubes, n, ver'tebrate, one of the lower vertebrates, as cer. tain fishes, in which the notochord persists- unossified, in adult life. notom'elus [G. noios, back, + melos, limb.] A monster with one or more accessory limbs attached to the back. notomyelitis (ao-to-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. notos, back, + myelos, marrow, + -itis.'l Myelitis, inflamma- tion of the spinal cord. noumenal (noo'men-al) [G. nooumenos, perceived; noed, I apprehend.] Intellectually, not sensu- ously, intuitional; relating to the object of pure thought divorced from allconceptsof time orspace. novar'gan, A trade name for silver proteinate; similar in composition and action to protargol. novarsenobenzol (nov-ar"sen-o-ben'zol). Dioxy- diamino-arsenobenzol monomethylene sulphate of sodium, a French make of neosalvarsan. novarsenobillon (nov-ar-sen-o-be'yon). Novar- senobenzol. novas'pirin. Trade name of methylene-citrylsali- cylic acid, methyl-citric acid ester of salicylic acid, disalicylic acid ester of methylene citric acid; a white odorless powder containing 62 per cent, of salicylic acid; employed as an antipyretic and antirheumatic as a substitute for aspirin and the salicylates, in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). novatophan (nov-at'o-fan). Trade name of the ethyl ester of the p-methyl-phenylcinchonic acid (atophan); it has the same action and uses as atophan from which it differs only in being taste- less. novocaine (no'vo-kah-en). A synthetic local anes- thetic, in o . :i to 2 per cent, solutions ; occurs in the form of a colorless crystalline powder; chem- ically it is para-amido-benzoyldiethyl-amino- ethenol hydrochloride. novoiodine (no-vo-i'o-din) [L. novus, new.] Trade name of a compound of formaldehyde and iodine. NOVRENIN 683 NUCLEUS novrenin (novrren'in) . Trade name of a 2 per cent, solution of novocaine in a i : 20,000 solu- tion of adrenalin chloride in physiological salt solution. Novy-McNeal blood a'gar (no'vi-mak-nel') [Fred- erick George Novy, American bacteriologist, *i864; Ward J. MciVeai, American bacteriologist, *i88i.] See under agar. nox'a [L. injury.] Anything which exerts a harm- ful influence, such as trauma, poison, etc. noz'ious [L. noxius; nocere, to injure.] Injurious, harmful. N-rays [N the initial of Nancy, Prance, where Blondlot is a professor.] Blondlot * rays. Nt. Chemical symbol of niton. nubec'ula [L. dim. of nubes, cloud.] i. A faint cloud or cloudiness. 2. Macula acustica sac- culi [BNA]. nu'bile [L. nubilis; nubere, to marry.] Fit for marriage, said of a young woman at puberty. nubil'ity. Marriageableness, said of the condition of a woman at puberty. nucell'us [L. nucella, dim. of nux, nut.] In botany, the nucleus of the ovule. nucha (nuTcah) [Fr. nuque.l The nape of the neck, the back of the neck. nuchal (nu'kal). Relating to the nucha, or back of the neck. n. tu'bercle, the tip of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, or vertebra prominens, nu'cin. Juglandic acid, CsjHjjOu, derived from butternut-bark, or juglans. nu'cis. Genitive of L. nux, nut. Buck's canal' or divertic'ulum [Anton Nuck, Dutch anatomist, 1650-1692.] Processus vaginalis peri- tonaei. H.'s hy'drocele, hydrocele* femin£e. nuclear (nu'kle-ar). Relating to a nucleus, n. cap, one of the tigroid masses of a nerve-cell which, shaped like a hollow cone, caps each pole of the nucleus, n. solu'tion, chromatolysis, hypochromatosis, caryolysis. nuclease (uu'kle-az). An enzyme which decom- poses nucleic acid. nu'cleated. Provided with a nucleus, a character- istic of all true cells. nuclei (nu'kle-i). Plural of nucleus nucleic acid (nu-kle'ik as'id). A body of definite chemical constitution (Cj.HjjNgPjOsj), the com- bination of which with proteins forms nucleins; i't yields on hydrolysis purine bases, pjrrimidine bases, phosphoric acid, and sugar. nu'cleide (nu'kle-id). A compound of nuclein with a metallic oxide. nucleiform (nu'kle-i-form) [L. nucleus + forma, form.] Shaped like or having the appearance of a nucleus. nuclein (nu'kle-in). Cell-nuclein, true nucleiri; a conjugated protein yielding, on hydrolysis, pro- tein and nucleic acid. n. bases, adenine, gua- nine, and, through further cleavage, xanthine and hypoxanthine; also called xanthine bases. nucleinase (nu'kle-in-az) . Nuclease. nucleinic acid (nu-kle-in'ik as'id). Nucleic* acid. nucleinotherapy (nu"kle-in-o-ther'a.-pi) . Nucleo- therapy. nu"cleoalbu'min. A conjugated protein, phospho- protein.* nucleoalbuminuria (nu'lde-o-al-bu-min-u'rJ-ah) [G. ouron, urine.] The presence of nucleoalbumin in the urine. nucleoalbumose (nu-kle-o-al'bu-moz). A deriva- tive of nucleoalbumin occasionally found in the nucleochylema (nu-kle-o-ki-le'mah) [L. nucleus + G. chylos, juice.] The chylema of the cell-nucleus as distinguished from that of the extranuclear cytoplasm. nucleochyme (nu'kle-o-ktm) [L. nucleus ,+ G. chymos, juice.] Nucleochylema, caryenchyma. nucleof'ugal [L. nucleus + fugare, to flee.] 1. Moving within the cell-body in a direction away from the nucleus. :i. Moving in a direction away from a nerve nucleus, said of nerve transmission. nucleohis'ton. A highly phosphorized compound of nuclein and histon present in the lymph glands, thymus, and elsewhere. nu"cIeohy'aloplasm [L. nucleus + G. hyalps, glass, + plasma, a thing formed.] Linin,* parachro- matin. nucleoid (nu'kle-oyd) [L. nucleus + G. eidos, resem- blance.] 1. Nucleiform. a. Inclusion body, the granular substance of the erythrocyte supposed to be the remains of the nucleus of the erythro- blast. Lavdov'sky's n., attraction sphere. nu'cleol. Trade name of a preparation of nuclein obtained from yeast. nucle'olar. Relating to a nucleolus. nucle'oliform [L. nucleolus + forma, form.] Resem- bling a nucleolus. nucle'olin. Plastin, the substance of which the nucleolus is composed. nucleoli'nus [dim. of L. nucleolus!] Nucleololus. nucle'oloid [L. nucleolus + G. eidos, resemblance.] Nucleoliform. nucleol'olus [dim. of nucleolus.] Nucleolinus, nucleolonucleus, the nucleus of a nucleolus, a minute point in the germinal spot of an ovum. nucle"olonu'cleus. Nucleololus. nucle'olus, pi. nucle'oli [L. dim. of nucleus]. Plas- mosome; a small mass of stainable (oxyphilic) material within the substance of the nucleus of a cell; it is usually single, but there may be from two to five nucleoli, chio'matin n., m-chromo- some.* nucleomicrosome (nu"kle-o-mi'kro-som) [L. nu- cleus + G. mikros, small, 4- soma, body.] One of the fine granules of the nucleoplasm. nu'cleon. Phosphocamic acid. nucleop'etal [L. nucleus + petere, to seek.] i. Moving in the cell-body in a direction toward the nucleus. 2. Moving in a direction toward a nerve-nucleus, said f a nervous impulse. ITucleophaga (nu-kle-of'ah-gah) [nucleus + G. phagS, I eat.] A parasite of amebas, which de- stroys the nucleus of its host; the parasite itself is thought to be an ameba. nu'cleoplasm. The protoplasm, or colloid portion, of the nucleus of a cell; nuclear fluid or sap. nucleoprotein (nu"kle-o-pro'te-in). One of a group of conjugated proteins consisting of a compound of simple protein with nucleic acid ; they are an important constituent of the cell-nucleus. nu"cleoretic'ulum. The reticulum or framework supporting the nucleoplasm. nucleospindle (nu"kle-o-spin'dl). The fusiform body in caryocinesis. nu"cleother'apy [L. nucleus + G. therapeia, treat- ment.] The employment of nuclein in the treat- ment of various diseases. nucleotide (nu/kle-o-tid) . A simple nucleic acid combined with one base only; mononucleotide. nu"cleotox'in. A toxin acting upon the cell nuclei. nucleus, pi. nu'clei (nu'kle-us) [L. dim. of nux, nut.] t. A differentiated mass of protoplasm, the exe- cutive center of the functional activity of the cell. It consists, like the cytoplasm, of a network of un- NUCLEUS 684 NUCLEUS fluid substance (caryolymph or nuclear hyalo- plasm) ; along the course of the linin filaments are small masses or granules of a deeply stainable basophilic substance (chromatin). The nucleus also contains one or more minute oxyphiHd bodies (nucleoli). 2. A mass of gray matter, com- posed of ganglion cells, in any part of the brain or spinal cord. 3. Any substance, foreign body, mucus, crystal, etc., around which a urinary or other calculus is formed. au'ditory n., n. acustici [BNA], Bechter'ew's n., the upper portion of Deiter's n. Dei'ter's n., lateral vestibular n., the main terminal u. of the vestibular nerve. gamet^ic n., secondary n., the gonad, or germ n., or caryogonad of Sarcodina. germ n., caryogonad, micronucleus. gon^ad n., germ n. mo'tion n., kinetonucleus, macronucleus. n. abducen'tis, n. nervi abducentis. nu'clei acus'tici* nuclei nervi acustici. n. a'lae cine'reae [BNA], n. of the ala cinerea, the sensory n. of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the floor of the rhomboidal fossa external to the hypo- glossal n. n. ambig'uus [BNA], ambiguous n., the n. of origin of the motor fibers of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, composed of large multipolar cells arranged in a slender column, in the floor of the rhomboidal fossa posterior to the olive. n. amyg'dalas [BNA], amygdaloid, or almond, nu- cleus, a rounded mass of gray matter in the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, near the uncus, anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ven- tricle; it is continuous with the cortex of the temporal lobe. n. ante'rior tharami [BNA], anterior n. of the thala- mus, a small collection of gray matter forming the anterior tubercle; it is partly enclosed by the internal medullary lamina which also divides it into two parts. nu'clei arcua'ti [BNA], a small collection of gray cells in the medulla, in front and to the inner side of the pyramid. u. basa'lis, n. olivaris inferior. n. burbi for'nicis, n. corporis mamillaris. n. cauda'tus [L. tailed] [BNA], caudate nucleus, an elongated curved mass of gray matter, consisting of an anterior thick portion, the caput or head, which projects into the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, and an elongated curved thin portion, the cauda or tail, which curves downward and backward in the tem- poral lobes to the wall of the descending horn. n. centra'lis pon'tis, n. pontis. n. cerebell'i, n. dentatus. n. cnrebell'oacus'ticuSr a collection of nerve-cells in the lateral wall of the fourth ventricle. n. cilia'ris oli'vse, n. olivaris inferior. n. ciae'reum, commissura posterior. nu'clei cochlea'ris, nuclei nervi cochlearis. n. collic'uli inferio'ris [BNA], a circumscribed col- lection of gray matter forming the central portion of the colliculus inferior (testis) of the corpora quadrigemina. n. cor'poris genicula'ti latera'lis [BNA], n. of the lateral (external) geniculate body, a collection of gray matter in the lateral geniculate body. n. cor'poris genicula'ti media'lis [BNA], n. of the medial (internal) geniculate body, a collection of gray matter in the medial geniculate body. nu'clei cor'poris mamilla'ris [BNA], nuclei of the mammillary body, three clusters of cells within the corpus mamillare, the fibers from which form the fasciculus thalamomamillaris and fasciculus pedunculo- mamillaris. n. cunea'tus, cuneate n., the upper portion of the cuneate fasciculu-i in the medulla oblongata. n. denta'tus [BNA], dentate n., corpus dentatum, a body formed of a many-folded layer of gray matter enclosing a cent/al core of white substance, situated in the center of each cerebellar hemisphere. n. den'tis, pulpa dentis. n. de reliquat (dS re-le-kwil') [balance, remainder], i rest-body. ' n. dorsa'lis [BNA], dorsal nucleus, Clarke's column, posterior vesicular column; a group of column cells, extending longitudinally from the 7th or 8th cervical nerve to the level of the 2d lumbar nerve, in the cervix of the posterior gray column or horn of the spinal cord. n. embolifor'mis [BNA], emboliform n., embolus, a small elongated mass of gray matter in the central white substance of the cerebellum just internal to the hilum of the dentate nucleus. nu'clei facia'Us, nuclei nervi fascialis. n. fastig'ii [BNA], n. of the fastigium, roof nucleus, a small mass of gray matter in the white substance of the vermis of the cerebellum near the middle line. n. fibro'sus lin'gus, septum linguse. n. funic'uli cunea'ti [BNA], nucleus of the wedge- shaped funiculus or Burdach's column, a group of cells in the cuneate tubercle at the level of the upper end of the decussation of the pyramids. n. funic'uU grac'ilis [BNA], n. of the slender funiculus or GoU's column, a group of cells in the clava at the level of the upper end of the decussation of the pyra- mids. u. gelatino'sus, n. pulposus. n. globo'sus [BNA], spherical n., a group of two or three small masses of gray substance in the white central core of the cerebellum, to the inner side of and a little below the n. emboliformis. 11. grac'ilis, n. nervi gracilis. n. haben'ulffi [BNA], n. of the habenula, ganglion habenulae, a collection of cells in the trigonum habenulse, the axons of which form the fasciculus retroflexus. n. hypothalam'icus[BNA], hypothalamic n., subthal- amic n., Luys' body, an almond-shaped collection of gray matter lying below the thalamus and above the tegmentum of the cerebral peduncles. n. juxtaoliva'ris, n. olivaris accessorius medialis. nu'clei latera'les [BNA], a group of cells in the med- ulla, on either side, in the region between the olive and the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi. n. latera'lis me'dius, n. ambiguus. n. latera'lis thal'ami [BNA], lateral n. of the thal- amus, a collection of gray matter between the internal and external medullary laminse in the thalmus. n. lemnis'ci latera'lis [BNA], n. of the lateral lemnis- cus or fillet, a collection of gray matter in the angle between the medial and lateral fillets. n. lentifor'mis [BNA], lentiform n., lenticular n., a mass of gray matter on the outer side of the caudate nucleus, forming with it the corpus striatum. n. len'tis, nucleus of the lens, the core or inner dense portion of the crystalline lens. n. media'lis thal'ami [BNA], medial n. of the thal- amus, a collection of gray matter in the thalamus be- tween the internal medullary lamina and the massa intermedia of the third ventricle. n. medull'ie oblonga'tse, n. olivaris inferior. n. medulla'iis cerebell'i^ corpus meduUare. nu'clei moto'riiner'vitrigem'ini[B NA], motornuclei of the Sth nerve, a collection of gray matter in the dorsal portion of the pons to the inner side of the restiform body. n. ner'vi abducen'tis [BNA], n. of the abducent C6th cranial) nerve, a mass of gray matter to the outer side of the posterior longitudinal bundle (fasciculus longitu- dinalis medialis) of the lower part of the pons, beneath tlie floor of the 4th ventricle. nu'clei ner'vi acus'tici [BNA], nuclei of the acoustic nerve, auditory n., a diffuse mass of gray matter lying in the floor of the 4th ventricle below the area acustica. nu'clei ner'vi cochlea'ris [BNA], nuclei of the cochlear nerve, the ventral portion of the nuclei nervi acustici. nucleiner'vifacia'lis [BNA], nuclei of thefacial nerve a collection of gray matter lying ventrally and laterally in relation to the abducens nucleus in the dorsal surface of the pons. n. ner'vi hypoglos'si [BNA], n. of the hypoglossal nerve, the n. of origin of the 12th cranial nerve, com- posed of several groups of large multipolar cells extend- ing from about the level of the decussation of the pyra- mids to the striae acusticas in the medulla. n. ner'vi oculomoto'rii [BNA], n. of the oculomotor, nerve, n. of the 3d nerve, a grouo of cells in the ventral NUCLEUS 68s NUTGALL part of the stratum griseum, centrale beneath the supe- rior quadrigeminal body. n. ner'vi trochlea'ris [BNA], n. of the trochlear nerve, an oval mass of gray matter in, the ventral portion of the central gray stratum enclosing the cerebral aque- duct. nu'clei ner'vi vestibula'ris [BNA), nuclei of the ves- tibular nerve, the dorsal portion of the nuclei nervi acustici, n. oliTa'lis accesso'rius [BNA], accessory olivary nucleus, one of two bands of gray matter lying mesially (n.o.a. medialis) or dorsally {n>o,a, dorsalis) to the inferior olivary nucleus. n. oliva'ris infe'rior [BNA], inferior olivary n., a wavy lamina of gray matter lying just below the surface of the olive ia the medulla oblongata; it is puckered like a purse, the open end of which, directed mesially, is called the hilum or hilus. n. oliva'ris supe'rior [BNA], superior olivary n., a collection of gray matter to the inner side of the facial nucleus in the dorsal, or tegmental, portion of the pons. nu'dei orig'inis [BNA], nuclei of origin, motor nuclei, collections of cells (forming a continuous column in the cord, discontinuous in the medulla and pons) giving origin to the motor nerves. nu'clei pon'tis [BNA], nuclei of the pons, the gray matter in the ventral portion of the pons Varolii filling the spaces between the transverse and longitudinal bundles of white fibers. n. principa'lis cerebell'i, n. dentatus. n. pulpo'sus, pulpy nucleus; the gelatinous center of an intervertebral disc. n. pyramida'Us, n. olivaris accessorius medialis. n. rad'icis descenden'tis ner'vi trigem'ini [BNA], n. of the descending root of the trigeminal nerve, mesencephalic root nucleus, a small cluster of cells extending cephalad from the region of the locus caeru- leus. n. restifor'mis, n. funiculi cuneati. n. rhomboid'eum, n. olivaris inferior. n. ru'ber [BNA], red n., an elongated mass of gray matter, of a reddish hue in the fresh brain, lying in the upper portion of the tegmentum near the median plane. n. subthalam'icus, n. hypothalamicus. n. tsenisfor'mis (i) n. amygdalae; (2) claustrum. n. tec'ti, n. fastigii. nu'clei tegmen'ti [BNA], nuclei of the tegmentum, tectorial nuclei; see n. ruber. nu'clei termina'les [BNA], terminal nuclei, isolated clusters of cells in the brain and medulla in which the afferent sensory nerve fibers terminate. n. testic'uli, mediastinum testis. n. trac'tus solita'rit [BNA], n. of the solitary tract or respiratory bundle, the n. of termination of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, extending from some- what above the decussation of the pyramids to about the level of the strise acusticEe. n. trac'tus spina'lis ner'vi trigem'ini [BNA], n. of the spinal tract, or ascending root, of the trigeminal nerve, ganglion cells in the medulla and upper part of the cervical spinal cord, the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi, to which the fibers of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve are distributed. nutri'tion n., trophonucleus, macronucleus. reduc'tion n., a n. which degenerates in the cell during the changes incident to fertilization. reproduc'tive n., micronucleus, caryogonad, germ n. roof n., n. fastigii. sec'ondary n., one formed by the collection of masses of idiochromidia. somaf ic ii.» macronucleus. Stilling's n., a column of scattered cells just ventrad of Clarke's column in the spinal cord-, troph'ic n., trophonucleus. Hu'el's cords (nti-el') [J. P, Nuel, Belgian oculist contemporary,] Hensen's* stripes. N.'s space, an interval in the organ of Corti between the outer rods of Corti on one side and the cells of Deiters and hair cells on the other. Huevo Leon, Mexico (noo-a'vo la-on'). See Agua Azufrosa del Topo Chico. Kuhn's gland [Anton Nuhn, Heidelberg anatomist, 1814-1889.] Blandin's gland, glandula* lingualis anterior. nullip'ara -[L. nullus, none, + parere, to bear.] A ■woman who has never borne any children. nulliparity (nul-I-par'i-tl). The condition of having borne no children. nullip'arous. Never having borne children. nuUiplez character (nul'i-pleks kar'ak-tur [L. nullus, no, + plexus, fold.] In heredity, a character which is absent because its deter- miner is present in neither parent. nuxn'ber. The place of any unit in a series; see No. numbness (num'nes). Anesthesia, wa'king n., a temporary numbness and paresis of the extrem- ities experienced on waking or after lying down for a long period. nunun'iform [L. numntus, a, coin, -I- forma, form.] Shaped like a coin, nummular. numm'ular. i. Discoid or coin-shaped, noting the thick mucous sputtun in certain respiratory diseases. 2. Arranged like stacks of coins, not- ing the agglutination of the red blood-corpuscles with flat surfaces apposed, forming rouleaux. nununula'tion. The formation of nummular masses. Kun*s mur'mur. Bruit* de diable, nunna'tion [Ar. nun, the letter n.] A form of stam- mering in which the «-sound is given ,to other consonants. \ nurse [Fr. nourrice; L. nutrix; nutHre, to suclclei'to tend.] I. To suckle, to give suck to an iri;fg,rit. 2. To perform all the necessary offices in the care of the sick. 3. A woman who has the careof aniii- fant or yoimg child. 4. One who has the care'bf" a sick person, performing all the necessary offices in relation to the toilet, giving of food and medi- cine, etc., under the direction of the physician. monthly n,, one who has the care of a woman during the puerperium. sick-nurse, nurse (4). trained n., one who is a graduate of a training school, wet-nurse, ^ woman who gives suck to a child not her own. nurses' contrac'ture, nurses' tet'any. Tetanv some- times observed in nursing women. Nussbaum's Bracelet. ITussbaum's bracelet (noos'bowm) [Johann Nepomuk von Nussbaum, German surgeon, 1829— 1890.] An appliance designed for the use of one with writer's cramp. N.'s narco'sis, general anes- thesia produced by chloroform or ether following an injection of morphine. Nussbaum's cells [Moritz Nussbaum, German histologist, *i85o,] Granular cells in the pyloric glands. K.'s exper'iment, exclusion of the glom- eruli of the kidney from the circulation by ligation of the renal artery in animals. nutarian (nut-a'ri-an). One who relies upon nuts as the main article of his diet. nutation (nu-ta'shun) [L. nutare, to nod.] Nodding, nut'gall. Galla. NUTMEG 686 NYSTAGMOGRAPH paratrophy, dystrophy ' in^tatroptiia. process of, metabolism, regulating, limitrophic. retarded, bradytiophia. science of, holo nut'meg. Myristica. nut'megged, nut'meggy. Resembling a nutmeg on section, noting especially a cirrhotic liver. nut'meg-llv'er. A cirrhotic liver. nutrescin (nu-tres'in). A hypothetical constituent of the hypothetical bioplasmin, supposed to sup- ply nutriment to the cell. nutrient (nu'trl-ent) [L. nutrire, to nourish.] Nutri- tive, carrying nourishment, ii. ar'tery, an artery which enters a bone by the n. foramen, carrying blood to its interior. nu'triment. Nourishment. nutrition (nu-trish'un) [L. nutrire, to nourish.] A function of living plants and animals, consisting in ■ the taking in and assimilation through chem- ical changes (metabolism) of material whereby tissue is built up and energy liberated ; its succes- ' sive stages are known as digestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion; in highly organized animals digestion is preceded by mastication and deglutition, and excretion is effected by expiration, perspiration, urination, and defecation. constructive, anabolism. deficient, oligotrophy, atro, phy, cacotrophy, hypotrophy, athrepsia, marasmus, ' manition, emaciation, marcor, trophesy, malnutrition innutrition, destructive, catabofism. disorder of trophopathy, trophonosus. excessive, polytrophia '"' nbnhu, eutrophia. of bone, osteotrophy. of hair trichotrophy. of Muscle, myotrophy. of nails, -opyc^iotropny. of nerve, neurotrophy. of skin, dermotrbpny- perverted, p ' ' opnia pnic. , trophology , threpsology. nutritional (nu-trish'un-al). Relating to nutrition. nutritioiis (nu-trish'us). Affording nutriment, ali- ble. ilu'tritive. Nutrient, relating to nutrition. nutdto'rium [L. neuter of nutritorius, nutritive.] The entire apparatus concerned in the process of nutrition of the body. nutrolac'tis [L. nutrire, to suckle, + lacQact-), milk.] Trade name of a galactogogue containing galega . or goat 's rue. nu'trose. Sodium caseinate, a mixture or com- pound of sodium hydroxide and freshly precipi- tated casein ; occurs in the form of a white powder; employed as a concentrated food when added to bouillon, milk, or chocolate; used also as a culture medium. nux moschata (mos-kah'tah) The homeopathic term for a tincture made from powdered nutmeg, myristica; employed in mental troubles, uncon- trollable sleepiness, nervous aphonia, and flatu- lence, in doses of the 6th, 30th, and 200th poten- cies. nux vom'ica [L. nux, nut; vomere, to vomit; emetic nut.] (U.S., Br.) Poison nut, Quaker button, the seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, a tree of tropical Asia; it contains two active alkaloids, strychnine and brucine; tonic, stomachic, and nerve stimu- lant in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13). Employed in homeopathic practice for the relief of hyper- esthesia, the constipation of the sedentary, dry catarrh, and alcoholism, in doses- of the mother tincture up to the 30th potency. nyctalgia [G. nyx(nykt-), night, -t- algos, pain.] Night-pain, noting especially the osteocopic pains of syphilis occurring at night. nyctalo'pia [G. nyx{nykt-), night, -1- alaos, obscure, +' ops, eye.] i. Night-blindness, inability to see as well as persons with normal sight at night or in a dim light. 2. Often incorrectly used to denote day-blindness, of hemeralopia. nycterlne (nils' ter-In, nik'ter-in) [G. nykterinos."] i. By night, a. Dark, obscure. nyctopho'bia [G. nyxinykt-), night, + phobos, fear.] Fear of the dark. nyctopho'nia [G. nyxfnykt-), night, + phone, voice.] A neurosis marked by loss of voice during the daylight hours. nyctotyphlo'sis [G. nyx(nykt-), night, -I- typhlosis, blindness.] Nyctalopia, night-blindness. nyctu'ria [G. nyx{nykt-), pight, + ouron, urine.] I. Nocturnal enuresis, bed-wetting, z. A con- dition in which the secretion of urine is more active at night than during the day. Nye Chalyb'eate Spring, Virginia. Alkaline-chalyb- eate-lithic-calcic waters, 56° F. One spring. Used by drinking in anemia and diseases of women. Hye Lith'ia Springs, Virginia. Alkaline-lithic waters, 53° F. and 54° F. — summer temperature. Two springs. Used by drinking in diabetes and other urinary troubles, dyspepsia, and intestinal dis- orders. Ny'lander's rea'gent [Claes Wilhelm Gabriel Ny- lander, Swedish chemist, "1835.] Bismuth sub- nitrate 2, Rochelle salt, 4, 8 percent, solution of caustic soda 100; one part of this reagent is added to 10 parts of the suspected fluid and the mixture is boiled for several minutes when, if sugar is present, a black precipitate of metallic bismuth is formed. Hy'Iic stan'dard [A^ew Fork Life insurance Com- pany.] A standard of weight in relation to height and age, adopted by the New York Life Insurance Company. nympha, pi. nym'pha (nim'fah) [G. nymphe, an opening rosebud.] One of the labia minora, the folds of mucous membrane, beneath and to the inner side of the labia majora of the vulva. nymphec'tomy [G. nymphe, nympha, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of the hypertrophied nymphse. nymphitis (nim-fi'(fe')tis) [G. nymphe, labium minus, -t- -»(«.] Inflammation of the nymphae. nymphocarun'cular sul'cus. A slight groove be- tween the hymen and the labium minus on either side. nymphohymeneal sulcus (nim-fo-hi-me'ne-al sul'- kus). Nymphocaruncular sulcus. nymphola'bial. Relating to the nymphae, or labia minora, and the labia majora, noting a furrow between the two labia on each side. nym'pholepsy [G nymphe, a nymph, -I- lepsis, a seizure.] Ecstasy, transport, especially one of an erotic nature. nymphoma'nia [G. nymphe, a. nymph, -t- mania, frenzy.] Extreme eroticism, or sexual desire, in women ; correlated with satyriasis in men. nymphoma'niac. A woman suffering from nymph- omania. nymphomani'acal. Suffering from nymphomania. nymphon'cus [G. nymphe, labium minus, -I- onkos, tumor.] A swelling or hypertrophy of one or both labia minora. nymphot'omy [G. nymphe, labium minus, + tome, incision.] 1. An incision into the edematous nymphae. 2. Nymphectomy. Hyssa (nis'ah) . A genus of trees, the roots of several species of which, especially N. aquat'ica, N. cap- iia'ia, and N. grandidenta'ta, swamp tupelo, tupelo gum, and large tupelo, respectively, are employed, like laminaria, for surgical tents to dilate sinuses or fistulse and the cervix uteri. nystagmic (nis-tag'mik). Relating to or suffering ' from nystagmus. nystag'miform [G. nystagmos, a nodding, -I- L. forma, form.] Nystagmoid. nystag'mograph [nystagmus + G. graphd, I record.] An apparatus for indicating graphically the movements of the eyeball in nystagmus; the receiving tambour is placed on the upper lid of the closed eye, the oscillations being recorded by means of a registering apparatus similar to that of the cardiograph. nystag'moid [G. nystagmos, a nodding, + eidos, resemblance.] Noting certain movements of the eyes, partly voliintary and not continuous, resembling nystagmus. nystagmus (nis-tag'mus) [G. nystagmos, a nodding.] Rhythmical oscillation of the eyeballs, either horizontal, rotary, or vertical, au'ral n., a spas- modic movement of the eyes, horizontal, vertical, or rotary, first rather slowly in one direction, then by quick jerking movements in the opposite direction, dependent upon labyrinthine disturb- ances, calor'ic n., see Bar&ny's* sign, miner's n., n. occurring in coal miners who wield the pick while lying on the side in a constrained position; when not constantly present it can be elicited by turning the eyes upward, n. against the rule, miner's n. excited when the eyes are directed downward, pal'atal n., a clonic spasm of the levator palati muscle, causing an audible click, vestib'ular n., n. occurring as a reflex of disease of the ear; when due to otic irritation the more rapid eye movement is toward the side of the affected ear; when due to paralysis of one vestibular nerve it is toward the sound side; see Bdrdny's* sign. nyx'is [G.] Pricking, puncture, paracentesis. o 688 OBLONGATAL o O. I. Chemical symbol of oxygen. Abbreviation for opening (in formulae for electrical reactions), oculus, eye, octarius, pint. 0-. In chemistry, abbreviation for oriho-. oak. Quercus. Oak Or'chaxd Acid Springs, New York. Sulphated- acid waters. The water (diluted) is used by drinking in certain diarrheas, passive hemor- rhages, skin diseases, ulcers, and in impoverished states due to specific disease and to intemper- ance. oakum (p'kum)' [A.S. dcumba.] The ra veilings of tarred rope, employed formerly as a surgical dressing. oarialgia (o"a-rI-al'jI-ah) [G. oarion, ovtile.] Oothe- calgia. oaric (o-ar'ik). Ovarian. oariot'omy [G. oarion, ovule, + ionti, incision.] Oothecotomy. oaritis (o-ar-i'(e')tis) [G. oarion, ovule, -I- -iiisll Oothecitis. oa'rium [G. oarion, ovule.] Ovary, ootheca. o'asis [G. Oasis, a fertile place in the Lybian desert.] A focus or circumscribed area of disease. oat (ot) [A.S. ate.l Avena. obceca'tion [L. ob-, near, ccecitas, blindness.] . Par- tial blindness. obdiplostem'onous [L. oh, toward, + G. diploos, double, + stemon, stamen.] In botany, noting a flower in which the stamens are in two whorls, the outer opposite the petals, the inner opposite the sepals. obdonnition (ob-dor-mish'un) [L. ob, to, ■+■ dormire, to sleep.] Numbness of an extremity, due to pressure on the sensory nerve, popularly called O'Beirne's exper'iment (o-bum') [James O'Beirne, Irish surgeon, 1786-1862.] An experiment made to determine the pathogenesis of strangu- lation of a hernia; a loop of intestine is passed through a hole in a thick sheet of paper ; air or water is then injected into one end of the in- testine and passes readily if slowly injected but is arrested at the loop of intestine if injected with force. O'B.'s sphinc'ter, a circular band of muscular fibers in the upper part of the rectum. O'B.'s tube, a tube for rectal injections. obe'liac. Relating to the obelion. obe'liad [L. ad, to.] Toward the obelion. obelion (6-be'li-on) [G. obelos, a spit.] A cranio- metric point on the sagittal suture between the parietal foramina near the lambdoid suture. O'bermayer's test [Fritz Obermayer, Viennese physi- cian, *i86i.] For indican: precipitate the solids in the urine by naeans of a 20 per cent, solution of acetate of lead, filter, and add to the filtrate fiuning hydrochloric acid containing a small amount of ferric chloride solution; the addition now of chloroform causes the formation of indigo, indicated by the blue color, if indican is present. O'bermeier's spidU'um [Otto Hugo Franz Ober- meier, German physician, 1843-1873.] Spiro- ch(Bta obermeieri. Obermueller's test (o'ber-mu-ler) [Kuno Obermueller, German physician, *i86i.] For cholesterin: the fatty substance is melted in a test-tube with a few drops of propionic anhydride; if cholesterin is present there will be a play of colors in the cool- ing mass from blue through green, orange, and carmine to a coppery red. Obersalzbrunn or Bad-Salzbrunn, Prussian Silesia (o"ber-zahlts'broon) . Alkaline-lithiated-carbon- ated waters. Cold. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic catarrhal con- ditions of the respiratory organs, chronic disor- ders of the digestive and urinary organs, nephritis, gout, the uric acid diathesis, bronchial asthma and emphysema, liver disorders, diabetes, and obesity. May i to September 30. O'berst's meth'od [M. Oberst, German surgeon, *r849.] I. For producing local anesthesia of a finger or toe ; constriction of the base of the digit is made by an elastic band, and then subcutaneous injections of a weak solution of cocaine are made in the regions of the four chief nerves ; the same in principle as Coming's* method (2). 2. Infil- tration anesthesia, local anesthesia obtained by injections of large quantities of distilled water or saline solution into the subcutaneous connective tissue ; differs from the Schleich* method in that a weak cocaine solution is used in the latter, O.'s opera'tion, for ascites; » pedunculated por- tion of skin from the abdomen is buried sub- cutaneously in such a, manner, that the apex projects into the abdom.inal cavity, thus provid- ing continuous drainage without the introduction of any substance foreign to the body. obese (o-bes') [L. obesus, fat.] Extremely fat or corpulent. obesity (o-be'si-tl) [L. obesitas; obedere, to eat up.] An abnormal increase of fat in the subcutaneous connective tissues ; corpulence, polysarcia, fatness, general adiposis, general liposis. o'bex [L. bar.] [BNA] A small transverse medull- ary fold at the calamus scriptorius overhanging the opening from the fourth ventricle into the central canal of the spinal cord. obfuscation (ob-£us-ka'shun) [L. obfuscare, to darken.] i. A rendering dark or obscure. 2. Confusion. ob'ject-blindness. Apraxia, inability to recognize the nature of what is seen. ob'ject-glass. Objective. objec'tive. The lens or lenses in the lower end of a microscope, by means of which the rays coming ■ from the object examined are brought to a focus. obligate (ob'li-gat) [L. ob, to, + ligare, to bind.] Of necessity, compulsory; distinguished from facul- tative. 0. a'Srobe, a microorganism which can grow only in the presence of oxygen, o. ana'iSrobe, a microorganism which can grow only in the ab- sence of oxygen, o. par'asite, an organism to which a parasitic existence is necessary for de- velopment, one which cannot live as a saprophyte. • oblique (o-blik') [L. obliquus.] Slanting, deviating from the perpendicular or the horizontal. obU'quus [L. ] A name given, with further qualifi- cation, to several muscles ; see under musculus. oblongata (ob-long-gah'tah) [L. fem. of oblongatus, from oblongus, rather long.] Medulla oblongata. oblonga'tal. Relating to the medulla oblongata. OBMUTESCENCE 689 OCHRONOSIS obmutescence (ob-mu-tes'ens) [L. obmuiescere, to become dumb.] Dumbness, loss of the voice or of the powe of speech. obnubilation (ob-nu-W-la'shun) [L. obnubilare, to overcloud, befog.] A beclouded mental state. obses'sion [L. obsidere, to besiege.] A condition in which some one idea constantly fills the mind despite one's efforts to dislodge it; besetment. obsolescence (ob-so-les'ens) [L. obsolescere,' to grow out of use.] Falling into disuse, noting the abolition of a function. ob'solete. Fallen out of use. obstet'ric, obstet'rical. Relating to obstetrics or midwifery. obstetrician (ob-stS-trish'an). One who is skilled in the medical care of a woman in childbirth ; an accoucheur. obstet'rics [L. obstare, to stand before, noting the position formerly taken by the midwife.] Mid- wifery, the branch of medicine which has to do with the care of the pregnant woman during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium. obstet'rist. Obstetrician. obstet'rix [L.] A midwife. obstipa'tion [L. obstipare, to stop up.] Intestinal obstruction ; intractable constipation. obstruc'tion [see obstruent^ i. Anything that is in the way, that blocks advance, vc. The blocking of advance or interruption in the course of anything. obstruent (ob'stru-ent) [L. ob, before, + struere, to build.] I. Obstructing, blocking advance. 2. An agent that obstructs or prevents a normal discharge, especially a discharge from the bowels. obtund' [L. obtundere; ob, against, + iundere, to pound.] To dull or bitmt, especially to blunt sensation or deaden pain. obtun'dent. i. Dulling, making less acute. 2. An agent which blunts sensibility or deadens pain. obturator (ob'tu-ra-tor) (L. oUurare, to occlude or stop up.] jL. Any structure that occludes an opening. 2. Noting a'large opening in the lower part of the os innominatum, the obturator foramen, the occluding membrane of the same, or any of several parts in relation to this fora- men. 3. A plate closing a defect or cleft in the hard palate. 0. fora'men, foramen ob- turatum. o. muscle, see under musculus. o. nerre, see under nervus. o. plexus, see plexus. obtuse (ob-tus') [L. obtusus; obtundere, to blimt.] 1. Dull in intellect, of slow understanding. 2. Blunt, not acute. obtu'sion. i. Dulness of sensibility, a. Dulling or deadening sensibility. occalcarine (ok-kal'ka.-ren). Occipitocalcarine. occip'ital. Relating to the occiput, maz'imum o. point, the point on the squama of the occipital bone farthest from the glabella, o. angle, pos- terior superior angle of the parietal bone occipita'lis. The posterior belly of the musculus occipitofrontalis. occip'ito-ante'rior. Noting a fetal presentation with the occiput directed anteriorly occipitoatloid (ok-sip"I-to-at'loyd). Relating to the , occipital bone and the atlas, noting the articula- tion between the two bones. occipitoazial, occipitoazoid (ok-sip"I-to-aks'I-al, ok- sip"l-to-aks'oyd). Relating to the occipital bone and the axis, or epistropheus. occip''itobregmat'ic. Relating to the occiput and the bregma, noting a measurement in cranio- metry. occipitocalcarine (ok-sip''I-to-kal'ka-riln). Noting the posterior calcaririe fissure. occipitof a'cial. Relating to the occiput and the face. 44 occipitofrontal (ok-sip"I-to-frun'tal). Relating to the occiput and the forehead; see musculus oc- cipitofrontalis. occip''itofronta'lis. See under musculus. occipitoiliac (ok-sip'I-to-il'I-ak). Noting the pre- sentation in childbirth in which the occiput of the child points to one or the other iliac region of the mother; occipitoposterior. occip"itomas'toid. Relating to the occipital bone and the mastoid process. occip"itomen'tal [L. mentum, chin.] Relating to the occiput and the chin. occip"itopari'etal. Relating to the occipital and the parietal bones. occip"itoposte'rior. Noting a fetal presentation with occiput of the child directed toward one or the other sacroiliac joint of the mother. occip"itotem'poral. Relating to the occiput and the temple, or the occipital and the temporal bones. occip"itothalam'ic. Relating to the occipital lobe of the brain and to the thalamus. oc'ciput, gen. occip'itis [L.] The back of the head. occlude' [L. occludere, to close up.] To close up or fit together, noting the relation of the masticatory surfaces of the tipper and lower molars. occlu'sal. That which occludes, o. surface, mas- ticatory or grinding surface of a premolar or molar tooth. occlusion (6-klu zhun) [L. occludere; ob, before, + claudere, to close.] i. The act of closing or the state of being closed. 2. In chemistry, the absorp- tion of a gas by a metal. 3. The adjustment or fitting together of the premolar and molar teeth when the jaws are closed. occlu'sive. Serving to close, noting a bandage or dressing which closes a wound and protects it from the air. occult' [L. occulere, to hide.] Hidden, cbncealed; noting a concealed hemorrhage, or blood so changed as not- to be readily recognized. occupa'tion-neuro'sis. Professional neiu-osis ; a nervous disorder directly due to the patient's occupation, such as writer's cramp. O'cean Springs, Mississippi. Saline-chalybeate-sul- phureted-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in diseases of the skin of a scrofulous nature. ocellus, pi. ocelVi (o-sel'us) [L. dim. of oculus, eye.] The simple eye or a facet of the compound eye of an insect. Ochee Springs, Rhode Island. Light alkaline-calcic waters. Several springs. Used by drinking in stomach, liver, and kidney affections. The summer months. Ochlerotatus (ok-ler-o-ta'tus) [G. ochlerotatos, most importunate.] A large genus of mosquitos having many species. ochlesis (fl-kle'sis) [G. ochlesis; ochlos, a crowd.] Crowd-poisoning; a disease occasioned or aggra- vated by overcrowding. ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo'bJ-ah) [G. ochlos, crowd, + pkobos, fear.] Morbid fear of crowds. ochrometer (o-krom'e-tur) [G. ochros, pallor, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determin- ing the capillary blood-pressure ; one of two adja- cent fingers is compressed by a rubber balloon until blanching of the skin occurs, when the force necessary to accomplish this color change is read in millimeters of mercury. ochronosis (fi-kron-o'sis) [ochros, sallow, -I- nosos, disease.] A pathological pigmentation of the cartilages and sometimes other tissues, such as muscle, epithelial cells, and connective tissue; it may affect also the sclera, mucous membrane of OCHRONOSIS' 690 ODONTOCLASIS ' the lips and skin of the ears, face, and hands; the urine may be dark colored and pigmented casts may be found in it. The pigmentation is thought to be due to a substance similar to melanin, pro- duced by the action of tyrosinase on tyrosin and phenylalanin. Ochsner's meth'od (ox'ner) [Albert John Ochsner Chicago surgeon, *i8s8.] Treatment of appendi- citis, when operation is not advisable, by peristal- tic rest secured by abstention from the use of cathartics and of food by the mouth, by gastric lavage for the relief of nausea and meteorism, and by rectal irrigation (but not large enemata). O.'s ring, a circular fold of mucous membrane nearly surrounding the opening of the pancre- atic duct. O.'s solu'tion, phenol 0.5, alcohol 33. saturated aqueous solution of boric acid 66.5. Ocimum (osl-mum) [G. okimon, basil.] A genus of plants of the order Labiata. O. basil'icuni, sweet basil, a plant the juice of which is used as a vermifuge. O. ca'num, a species the juice and leaves of which are employed in catarrhal troubles. O. vir'ide, a species of South America employed as an antiperiodic. O'conee Chalyb'eate Spring, Georgia. Chalybeate- alkaline-saline waters. Used by drinking in various disorders. O'conee White Sulphur Springs, Georgia. Sulphur waters. Used by drinking and bathing in dys- pepsia, blood disorders, and rheumatism, oc'tad [L. octo, eight.] i. Octavalent, having a combining power of eight. 2. An octavalent element or radical, oc'tan [L. octo, eight.] Noting a malarial fever, the paroxysms of which recur every eighth day, the day of each paroxysm being included in the count, oc'tane. Dibutyl, an oily paraffin, C|Hj„ obtained from petroleum. octa'rius [L. octo eight.] The eighth of a gallon, a pint; abbreviation, 0. octav'alent [L. octo, eight, + valere, to have power.] Noting a chemical element or radical having a combining power or valency, of eight, an octad. octigrav'ida [L. ocio, eight, + gravida, pregnant.] A woman pregnant for the eighth time. octipara (ok-tip'ah-rah) [L. octo, eight, + parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne eight children. octoroon'. A person who has one-eighth part of negro blood, the child of a white person and a quadroon. oc'ular [L. oculus, eye.] i. Relating to the eye; visual ; ophthalmic. 2. The eye-piece of a micro- scope, the lens or lenses at the upper end of a microscope, by means of which the image fo- cussed by the objective is viewed. oc'ulist [L. oculus, eye.] Ophthalmologist, a specialist in diseases and refractive errors of the eye. oculofacial (ok-u-lo-fa'shal). Relating to the eyes and the face. oc"ulomo'tor [L. oculus, eye, -f moius, motion.] Relating to or causing movements of the eyeball. oculomoto'riiis. The third cranial nerve ; see under nervus. oculomycosis (ok-u-lo-mi-ko'sis) [L. oculus, eye, + G. mykes, fungus, + -osis.] Ophthalmomyco- Eis, any disease of the eye due to the presence of a fungus. oc"ulona'saI [L. oculus, eye, + nasus, nose.] Relat- ing to the eyes and the nose. oculoreaction (ok"u-lo-re-ak'shun). Ophthalmore- action. oc"ulozygomat'lc. Relating to the orbit or its margin and the zygoma. oc'ulus, gen. and pi. oc'uli [L.] Eye, the organ of vision, consisting of the eyeball and the optic nerve. ocyodin'io [G. okys, swift, -I- odis, labor.] Oxytocic. O.D. Abbreviation for oculus dexter [L.], right eye. od [G. hodos, way.] A force assumed to be exerted upon the nervous system by magnets. odaxes'mus [G. odaxesmos, an irritation.] A biting sensation, a form of paresthesia. Oddi's sphinc'ter (od'de). A contraction of the outlet of the common bile-duct at the neck of Vater's ampulla. -odes [G. -odes, having the odor of.] A Greek suffix with the original meaning of resem- blance in odor, but now confused with eidos, resemblance in general, and having practically the same significance as -oid* (in typhoid, for example) . odinagogue (o-din'ah-gog) [G. odisipdin-), labor- pains, + agogos, drawing forth.] Oxytocic. odinopoeia (o-din-o-pe'l-ah) [G. odisipdin-), labor- pains, + poieo, I make.] The induction of labor- pains. o'dol. Trade name of an antiseptic mouth wash containing various aromatic antiseptics. odontag'ra [G. odous(odont-), tooth, -)- agra, seiz- ure.] Toothache of supposed gouty origin. odontalgia [G. odous(odont-), tooth, + algos, pain.] Toothache, odontodynia. odontal'gic. Relating to or marked by adontalgia, or toothache. odontatroph'ia, odontat'rophy [G. odous(odont-), tooth, -I- atrophia, atrophy.] Imperfect forma- tion of the teetli. odon'terism [G. odous(odont-), tooth, -)- erismos, quarrel.] Chattering of the teeth. odonthasmodia, odonthemodia (o-dont-he-mo'dl-ah, o-don-the-mo'dl-ah) [G. odous(,odont-), tooth, + haimodia, having the teeth on edge.] Odont- hyperesthesia, extreme sensitiveness of the teeth. odonthar'paga [G. odous^odont-), tooth, + harpage, a seizure.] Odontagra, severe toothache. odonti'asis [G. odous(pdont-), tooth.] Dentition, teething. odon'tic [G. odous(pdont-), tooth.] Relating to the teeth, dental. odon'tinoid [G. odous(odont-), tooth, -f eidos, re- semblance.] I. Resembling dentine. 2. A small excrescence from a tooth, most common on the root or neck; especially a neoplasm occurring in later life, as distinguished from odontoma. odontitis (o-don-ti'(te')tis) [G. odous{odont-), tooth, + -itis.l Inflammation of the tooth-pulp. odonto- [G. odous(odoni-) , tooth.] A prefix, properly in words formed from Greek roots, noting a tooth or teeth. odon'toblast [G. odous{odont-), tooth, + blasios, sprout, germ.] One of a layer of colvimnar cells, lining the pulp-cavity of a tooth, which form dentine. odontoblastoma (o-don-to-blas-to'mah). A den- tinal overgrowth or tumor. odontobothrion [(o-don-to-both'ri-on) [see odtm- tobothritis.] Tooth socket, alveolus dentalis. odontobothritis (o-don''to-both-ri'(re')tis) [G. odous (odont-), tooth, -I- bothrion, a little pit, -I- -»'(«.] Inflammation of the tooth-sockets, or alveoli. odontoceramic (o-don'to-sS-ram'ik) [G. odous (odont-), tooth, -f- keramos, pottery.] Relating to porcelain teeth. odontoclasiB (o-don-tok'la-sis) [G. odous {odont-), tooth, -I- klasis, fracture.] Breaking of a tooth. on 691 OEHL'S LAYER odon'toclast [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + klao, I prtine.] One of the cells caxisiag absorption of the roots of the milk-teeth. odontodyn'ia [G. odous(odont-), tooth, + odyne, pain.] Odontalgia, toothache. odon'togen [G. odous{pdont-) tooth, + gennao, I produce.] A substance forming dentine. odontogeny (o-don-toj'en-1) [G. odous(odont-), tooth, + gennao, I produce.] The process of develop- ment of the teeth. odontoglyph (o-dont'o-glif) [G. odous{odoni-), tooth, + shP^°' I engrave.] An instrument for re- moving tartar from the teeth. odontogram (o-don'to-gram) [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -(- gramma, a drawing.] The tracing made by the needle of an odontograph. odontograph (o-don'to-graf) [G. odous(odont-), tooth, -I- graphs, I record.] A device for recording on a revolving tambour the thickness and the inequalities of surface of the enamel of a tooth. odontog'raphy [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -t- graphs, a description.] i. A treatise on, or description of, the teeth. 2. The process of determining the condition of the enamel of a tooth. odon'toid [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, -I- eidos, resem- blance.] I. Shaped like a tooth. 2. Relating to the odontoid process, u. lig'ament, ligamentum alare, ligamentum apicis dentis. o. process, the projection from the axis, or epistropheus, aroimd which the atlas revolves. odon'tolith [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + lithos, stone.] The tartar of the teeth. odontol'ogy [G. odous{odont-), tooth, + -logia.l The branch of medical science dealing with the teeth; dentistry. odontolox'ia, odontol'oxy [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -f- loxos, slanting.] Irregularity of the teeth. odonto'ma, pi. odo'nto''mata\0. odous{odont-), tooth, + -oma.] I. A tumor composed of dental struc- tures. 2. A tumor arising in connection with a tooth, from the tooth itself, its follicle, or any of the immediately adjacent tissues; an enamel nodule; especially a new growth arising at an early period of development of the tooth before the formation of the dentine. odontome (o-don'tom). Odontoma, cor'onaiy o., an odontoma of the crown, radic'ular o., an odontoma of the root of a tooth. odontonecrosis (o-don"to-nS-kro'sis) [G. odous- (pdont-), tooth, -t- nekrosis, a killing.] The death of the whole or a large part of a tooth, as dis- tinguished from caries, or molecular death. odontoneural'gia. Odontalgia; facial neuralgia caused by a carious tooth. odontonomy (o-don-ton'o-mi) [G. odous (odont-), tooth, -I- oBoma, name.] Dental nomenclature. odqntonosol'ogy [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + nosos, disease, + -logia.'] Odontology, dentistry. odontoparallaz'is [G. odous(odont-) , tooth, -f- par- allaxis,, alternation.] Irregularity of the teeth, odontoloxia. odontop'athy [G. odotts{odont-), tooth, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the teeth or of their sockets. odon"toperios'teum [G. odousipdoni-), tooth, -f- peri, aroimd, + osteon, bone.] Periodontium. odontophobia (o-don-to-fo'bl-ah) [G. odotis(pdont-), tooth, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear excited by the sight of an animal's teeth. odon'toplast [G. odousfpdont-), tooth, -1- plasso, I form.] Odontoblast. odontoplero'sis [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + plerosis. a filling up.] The operation of filling or plugging a cavity in a tooth. odontop'risis [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + prisii, a grinding.] Grinding together of the teeth. odontorrha'gia [G. odousipdont-), tooth, + -rhagia.} Profuse bleeding from the socket after the ex- traction of a tooth. odontortho'sis [G. odousipdont-), tooth, + orthos, straight.] The operation of straightening an irregular line of teeth. odontoschism (o-don'to-sizm) [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -t- schisma, a cleft.] Fissure of a tooth. odon'toscope [G. odous (odont-), tooth, -f- skopeo, I examine.] A circular mirror set at an angle on a rod-shaped handle, for use in inspecting the posterior surfaces of the teeth. odonto'sis. Odontiasis, odontogeny. odontosmegma (o-don'to-smeg'mah) [G. odous (odoBi-), tooth, +smegmo, unguent.] Anything — power, paste, or wash, used in cleaning the teeth. odontos'teophyte [G. odous(pdont-) , tooth, -1- osteon, bone, + phyton, plant.] A dentinal timior. odontostere'sis [G. odous(pdont-), tooth, + steresis, privation.] Loss of the teeth. odontother'afiy [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -I- therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of diseases of the teeth ; hygienic care of the teeth. odontotrip'sis [G. odous^odont-), tooth, 4- tripsis, rubbing.] Abrasion of the cutting surfaces of the teeth. odontot'rypy, odon'trypy [G. odousipdont-), tooth, -f trypao, I bore.] The operation of drilling a hole in a tooth to give exit to pus. o'dor [L.] An emanation from any substance which stimulates the nerve-endings in the organ of smell ; scent, offensive o., fetor, stench. odoriferous [L. odor + ferre, to bear.] Having a scent, perfume, or odor. odorim'etiy [L. odor + G. metron, measure.] The determination of the comparative power of differ- ent substances in exciting olfactory sensations. odorog'raphy [L. odor -^ G. graphe, a description.] Description of odors. O'Dwy'er's meth'od [Joseph O'Dwyer, New York physician, 1841— 1898.] i. Intubation of the larynx. 2. Treatment of simple ulcers of the vocal cords by the insertion of a tube coated with alum and gelatin. O'D.'s tube, a metal tube used for intubation of the larynx after O'D.'s method. odynacusis (od-in-S-koo'sis) [G. odyne, pain, -1- akouo, I hear.] Hypersensitiveness of the organ of hearing, so that noises cause actual pain. odynopha'gia. Odynphagia. odynopho'bia [G. odyne, pain, -f- phobos, fear.] An excessive dread of pain. odynopoeia (od-in-o-pe'J-ah) [G. odyne, pain, -H poieo, I make.] The bringing on or strengthening of labor-pains ; more properly odinopaia. odynpKa'gia [G. odyne, pain, -1- phago, I eat.] Painful deglutition. 06-. For words so beginning, not found here, see e-. OBCology (e-kol'o-jl). Ecology. oede'ma. Edema. oed'ipism. Edipism. CEdipus-complez (ed'H-poos fcom'pleks) [CEdipus Tyrannos, a character in a drama of Sophocles, who killed his father and married his mother.] A complex of hysterical symptoms assumed to be due to a suppressed erotic passion of a young man for his owii mother. Oehl's lay'er [Eusebio Oehl, Italian anatomist, 1827-1903.] The stratum lucidimi- of the epi- dermis. OEHLER'S SYMPTOM 692 OIL Oehler's symp'tom (e'ler) [Johannes Oehler, German physician, *i879.] A sudden pallor and cold- ness in the arm with slight disabil ty, occurring on lifting of a heavy weight, analogous to intermit- tent limping, a form of dyskinesia intermittens. oenan'the [G. oinos, wine, -I- anthe, flower.] The root of (Enanthe crocata, water hemlock, an herb of western Europe ; the tincture of the fresh root is employed in homeopathic practice in epilepsy and tetanic and other convulsions, in dosts of the ist decimal to the 6th potency. oerbiss (er'bis). Larbish. Oertel's meth'od [Max J. Oertel, Munich physician, 1835—1897.] I. Treatment of cardiac insufficien- cy by reduction of the amount of fluid ingested and increase of the excretion of fluids; by fre- quent small meals with avoidance of taking solids and fluids together; and by graduated exercises, especially measured walking and climbing exercises (terrainkur), to strengthen the cardiac and voluntary muscles. 2. The reduction of obesity, largely by abstention, as far as possible, from the ingestion of fluids and by gradually increasing exercise. oese (e'zeh) [Ger.] Loop, a small loop of platinum wire set in a handle; used for transferring por- tions of a bacterial culture inseeding anew culture, oesophagus, oesophageal, etc., see esophagus, etc. oes'tTum. Estrus. oes'trus. Estrus. official (of-ish'al) [L. officialis.] Authoritative; noting a drug or a chemical or pharmaceutical preparation recognized as standard in the Pharmacopeia; see officinal. officinal (of-is'in-al) [L. officina, shop.] Noting a chemical or pharmaceutical preparation kept in stock, as distinguished from one prepared ex- temporaneously according to a physician's prescription, or a magistral preparation. An officinal preparation is often, though not neces- sarily, official. oS'set. In botany, one of the short branches near the ground, which takes root. Ogata's meth'od (o-gah'tah) [M. Ogata, Japanese physician, contemporary.] i. A method of resuscitation in asphyxia, consisting in stimula- tion of the respiration by stroking the chest. 2. A method by which respiration is stimulated by shaking of the body combined with artificial respiration. Og'ston's line [Alexander Ogsion, Scottish surgeon, *i844.] A line drawn from the tubercle of the femur to the intercondyloid notch; a guide to resection of the internal condyle for knock-knee. O.'s opera'tion, (i) separation of the internal con- dyle of the femur, followed by forcible straighten- ing of the limb, for the correction of knock-knee ; (2) treatment of flatfoot by removal of the adjacent articular surfaces of the talus and navicular bone in order to effect ankylosis be- tween them. Og'ston-Luc opera'tion [Alexander Ogston, Scotch surgeon, *i844; H. Luc, French surgeon, *i855.] For frontal sinus disease ; skin incision from inner third of edge of orbit toward root of nose or out- ward; the periosteum is pushed upward and out- ward, and the sinus is opened on outer side of median line ; then wide opening is niade by curet- ting nasofrontal duct, interior of sinus, and anterior ethmoid cells. O'Har'a for'ceps [Michael O'Hara, Jr., Philadelphia surgeon, *i869.] Two slender clamp forceps held together by a serrefine, used in the technique of intestinal anastomosis. ohm [after Georg Simon Ohm.] The unit of elec- trical resistance. The international ohm is the resistance of a column of mercury at 0° C, 106 . 3 cm. long, with a constant cross-sectioned area (i square mm.), having a mass of 14.521 grams; roughly, the resistance of a copper wire 50 meters long and i millimeter in diameter. Ohm's in'strument (om) [R. Ohm, German physician, contemporary.] An instrument for photograph- ing simultaneously, on a moving sensitized film, the heart-sounds and the tracings of the jugular and radial pulses ; see phonophotography. Ohm's law [Georg Simon Ohm, German physicist, 1787— 1854.] In an electric current passing through a wire the intensity of the current, in amperes, equals the electromotive force, in volts, divided by the resistance, in ohms. Let C = current in amperes, E = electromotive force in ■p volts, and R= resistance in ohms: then C'=— E = CXR; R=^. ohmammeter (om'am-me-tur) . A combined ohm- meter and ammeter. ohm'meter [ohm + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the resistance, in ohms, of a conductor. oi-. For words so beginning, not found in the follow- ing list, see e-. -Old [G. -0, the stem vowel of the preceding word, -f eidos, form, appearance.] A suffix denoting resemblance to the thing indicated by the pre- ceding element of the compound ; joined properly to words formed from Greek roots ; equivalent to -form.. oidiomycetes (o-id'1-o-mi-se'tes) [oidium + G. mykes, fungus.] A group of fungi including Oidium-. oidiomycetic (o-id-I-o-mi-se'tik) Relating to oidio- mycetes. oidiomyco'sis (o-id"I-o-mi-ko'sis). Infection with a species of Oidium; blastomycosis. oidiomycetic (o-id"i-o-mi-kot'ik). Relating to oidio- mycosis. Oidium (o-id'I-um) [dim. of G. oon, egg.] A genus of gymnosporous fungi, some species of which are parasitic in man. O. al'bicans, the thrush fungus, Saccharomyces albicans. O. lactis, a white mould on bread and sour milk. 0. schoenlein'ii, the fungus of favus, Achorion schoenleinii O. ton'- surans, the fimgus of ringworm, Trichophyton tonsurans. 0. tropica'le, a species causing broncho-oidiosis.* oildomania (oy-kJ-o-ma'nJ-ah) [G. oikion, house, + mania, frenzy. ] Ecomania. oi'koid. Ecoid. oikology (oy-kol'o-jl). Ecology. oikoma'nia. Ecomania. oikophobia (oy-ko-fo'W-ah). Ecophobia. oikosite. Ecosite. oil [L. oleum; G. elaion, originally olive oil.] A liquid of fatty consistence and unctuous feel, insoluble in water, soluble or not in alcoholt freely soluble in ether, and inflammable. Oils are variously classified into animal, vegetable, and mineral oils according to their source (the mineral oils, are probably of remote animal or vegetable origin) ; into fixed or fatty (olea pinguia) and volatile or ethereal or essential {olea volatilia, atherea, essentialia) oils, the former being per- manent, leaving a stain on an absorbent surface, the latter evaporating when exposed to the air and being capable of distillation; and into drying t>93 Ul^JiULi U AlAt^UL. and non-drying (fatty) oils, the fonner becoming gradually thicker wheil exposed to the air and finally drying to a varnish, the latter not drying but liable to become rancid on exposure. The volatile oils are of vegetable origin ; the fatty oils are of both animal and vegetable origin. Many of the oils, both fixed and volatile, are employed in medicine ; see oleum, ben'ne c, oleum sesami, birch u., oleum betulae. cam'phorated c, lini- mentum camphorae. carboric c, car'bolized o., a solution of phenol i, in olive oil ig; employed as an application to burns. Carron o., lini- mentum calcis. coal o., petroleum, co'coanut o., oleum cocois. cod-liver c, oleum morrhuae. cot'ton-seed o., oleum gossypii seminis. croton o., oleum tiglii. Dippel's animal u., see Dippel. estragon o., oleum dracunculi. flaxseed o., oleum lini. fu'sel o., amyl alcohol ; in general a mixture in varying proportions of amyl, butyl, hexyl, and propyl alcohols, present in newly distilled spirits, gin'gili c, oleum sesami. gray c, olive oil triturated with metallic mercury, linseed c, oleum lini. min'eral u., petroleum, neat's-foot o., oleum bubulum. o. of am'ber, oleum succini. o. of bay, oleum myrcise. o. of ner'oll, oleum aurantii florum. o. of nut'- meg, the expressed oil (a mixture of fixed and volatile oils) oleum nucistse; the distilled oil (vola- tile) oleum myristicae. o. of tur'pentine, oleum terebinthinae. o. of vit'riol, sulphuric acid. o. of wine, ethyl sulphate, (C2Hj)2S04. o. of win'- tergreen, oleum gaultherias. phino'tas o., trade name of a preparation for oiling stagnant waters for the killing of mosquito larvae. rock 0., petroleum, ses'ame o., oleum sesami. sweet o., oleum olivas. tar o., oleum picis liquidae. tar'ragon c, oleum dracunculi. teel o., oleum sesami. vol'atile o., oleum volatile, wood u., gurjun balsam, oleoresina* dipterocarpi. oinoma'nia. Enomania. oint'ment [O. Fr. oignement; L. unguere, to smear.] A medicated fatty mixture of about the consist- ency of butter, employed externally; for the official ointments, see unguentum. basiricon o., ceratum resinae. blue o., unguentum hydrargyri dilutum. cit'rine c, unguentum hydrargyri nitratis. mercu'rial c, unguentum hydrargyri. red precip'itate o., unguentum hydrargyri oxidi ■ rubri. simple c, unguentum. wax o., ceratum. white precip'itate o., unguentum hydrargyri ammoniati. Ojai Hot Sulphur Springs, California. Alkaline- saline-carbonated-sulphureted waters, 60° F. to 104° F. Several springs. Used by drinking in gout and rheumatism. Ojo Caliente, New Mexico (o'ho-kal-i-an'ta). Alka- line-chalybeate-carbonated-waters, 90° F. to 122° F. Fifteen springs. Used by drinking in gout, rheumatism, syphilis, and chronic swelling of the lymphatic glands. The entire year. O'ken's bod'y [Lorenz Oken, German physiologist, 1779-1851.] Wolffian* body. O.'s canal', duc- tus Wolffi [BNA], Wolffian* duct. -ol. A termination noting that the substance is an alcohol or a phenol. O.L.A. Abbreviation for occipitolaevo-anterior not- ing a fetal presentation with the occiput directed toward the left acetabulum of the mother. Old Sweet Springs, West Virginia. Alkaline-saline- calcic-carbonated waters, 79° F. Several springs Used by drinking and bathing in disorders of the stomach, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, rheumatism, neuralgia, renal and urinary dis- orders. The summer months. o'lea. Plural of oleum, oil. O'lea. A genus of trees of the olive family, includ- ing O. europa'a, the olive. oleaginous (o-le-aj'in-us) [L. oleum, oil.] Oily, greasy. olean'der. The bark and leaves of Nerium oleander, a shrub of the eastern Mediterranean, diuretic and heart tonic in doses of gr. J— J (0.015-0.03) of an extract. olean'drin. Pseudocurarin, a glucoside from olean- der, resembling digitalin, dose, gr. -^ (0.006). o'leas. Oleate. oleate (o'le-at). i. A salt of oleic acid. 2. Oleatum. oleatum, gen. olea'ti,-pl. olea'ta (o-le-ah'(a')tum). Ole- ate, a pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a combination or solution of an alkaloid or metallic base in oleic acid ; employed as an inunction, being assumed to be more readily absorbed than an ordinary ointment, o. aconiti'nae (N.P.), oleate of aconitine; a 2 per cent, solution of aconitine in oleic acid; employed locally as an anodyne, o. atropi'nse (N.F.), oleate of atropine; atropine 2, alcohol 2, oleic acid 50, olive oil to make 100. o. cocai'nae (N.F.), oleate of cocaine; cocaine 5, al- cohol 5, oleic acid 50, olive oil to make 100. o. hydrar'gyri (U.S.), oleate of mercury, mercuric oleate, hydra gyri oleas (Br.) ; yellow mercuric oxide 25, distilled water 25, oleic acid to make 100 ; employed chiefly by inunction in heredi- tary syphilis, o. quini'nae (N.F.), oleate of quinine; quinine 25, oleic acid to make 100. 0. veratri'nse (N.F.), oleate of veratrine; veratrine 2, oleic acid 50, olive oil to make 100. o. zin'ci, oleate of zinc; a dry powder obtained by pre- cipitation from a mixture of a solution of zinc acetate and soap solution, equivalent to 13 per cent, of zinc oxide; employed as an astringent dusting powder. olec'ranal. Relating to the olecranon. olecranarthritis (o-lek"ran-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. ole- kranon + arthron, joint, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the elbow-joint, anconitis, olecranarthrocace. olecranarthrocace (o-lek'ran-ar-throk'a-se) [G. ole- kranon + arthron, joint, + kakos, bad.] Tuber- culosis of the elbow-joint. olec"ranarthrop'athy [G. olekranon + arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the elbow. olec'ranoid [G. olekranon + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling the olecranon process. olecranon (o-lek'ra-non, o-le-kra'non) [G. olene, ulna, + kranion, skull.] [BNA] Tip of the elbow; the prominent curved upper extremity of the ulna, the upper and posterior surface of which gives attachment to the tendon of the triceps muscle, the anterior surface entering into the formation of the great sigmoid cavity; called also olecranon process. defiant (o-lef'i-ant) [L. oleum, oil, + facere, to make.] Producing oil. 0. gas, ethylene, C2H4, the main constituent of illuminating gas. o'lefin. Any one of a group of hydrocarbons, ho- mologous with ethylene, having twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms. ole'ic [L. oleum, oil.] Relating to oil. o. acid, acidum oleicum. o'lein. Elain, triolein. o"leocre'osote. A 33 per cent, solution of creosote in oleic acid ; a pale "brown oily liquid, employed in bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis in doses of TT^io- 30 (0.6—2.0). o'leogen. An oily base for medicaments used in the treatment of skin diseases; it consists of yellow petroleum oil, oleic acid, and ammonia. I oleoguaiacol (o'le-o-gwi'S-kol). Guaiacol oleate, a OLEOGUAIACOL 694 OLEUM solution of guaiacol in oleic acid, employed in pulmonary tuberculosis in doses of nuio— 15 (0.6-t .0). oleoinfusion (o"le-o-in-fu'zhun). Oleum infusum. o'leol. Oleum infusum. oleom'eter [L. oleum, oil, 4- G. metron, measure.] A modified hydrometer for determining the den- sity of an oil. oleonucleoprotein (o"le-o-nu"kle-o-pro'te-in). The food constituents of milk regarded as a com- pound substance. oleopal'mitate. A double salt of oleic and palmitic acids. oleoresln (o"le-o-rez'in) [L. oleum, oil, -f- resina, resin.] 1. A compound of an essential oil and resin, present in certain plants. 2. A pharma- ceutical preparation, oleoresina. oleoresina, gen. and pi. oleoresi'n- case. oridu'cal. Relating to an oviduct. o'viduct [L. ovum, egg, + ductus, duct.] Fallopian tube, salpinx, tuba* uterina [BNA]. ovif'erous [L. ovum, egg, + ferre, to carry.] Carry- ing or containing ova. ovifica'tion [L. ovum, egg, + faeere, to make.] Ovulation. o'viform [L. ovum, egg, + for'ma, form.] i. Egg- shaped. 2. Resembling an ovum. ovigen'esis [L. ovum, egg, + G. genesis, production.] Oogenesis, ovigenet'ic, ovigen'ic. Ovigenous, oogenous.* ovigenous (o-vij'en-us) [L. ovum, egg, + G. gennad, I produce.] Oogenous. ovigerm (o'vi-jurm) [L. ovum, egg, + germen, germ.] Ooblast. ovigerous (o-vij'er-us) [L. ovum, egg, 4- gerere, to bear.] Oviferous, bearing ova. ovina'tion [L. ovinus, relating to a sheep.] Inocu- lation with sheeppox virus. OTin'ia [L. ovinus, relating to a sheep.] Sheeppox, a disease in sheep, resembling and probably identical with cowpox. Ovip'ara [L. ovum, egg, + parere, to bear.] A term applied to all animals that deposit the ova outside the body there to be developed; dis- tinguished from the Vivapara whose ova are developed within the body, the young being bom alive. ovip'arous [L. ovum, egg, + parere, to bear.] Egg- laying, noting birds and other of the Ovipara whose ova are developed outside the body. ovipos'it [L. ovum, egg, + positus; ponere, to place.] To lay eggs, said especially of insects. o'visac [L. ovum, egg, + saccus, a bag.] Graafian follicle. o'vium. Waldeyer's term for the mature female germ cell or ovum, ovocen'ter [L. ovum, egg, + centrum, center.] The centrosome of the impregnated ovum. o'vocyte [L. ovum, egg, + G. kytos, cell.] Oocyte. ovoferr'in. Trade name of an albuminate of iron ; employed in anemia in doses of 3 2—4 (8 • o-i6 . o). o'TOgal. Trade name of a compound of albumin and the bile acids from oxgall ; recommended as a stimtdant of bile-secretion in doses of gr. 8 (o. 5). OTOgen'esis. Ovigenesis, oogenesis.* OTogo'nium [L, ovum, egg, + G. gone, generation.] Oogonium. o'Toid [L. ovum, egg, + G. eidos, resemblance.] Oviform, egg-shaped. ovolecithin (o"vo-les1-thin). Trade name of a preparation of lecithin from eggs; recommended in diabetes, tuberculosis, and other conditions. ovomu'coid. A mucoid obtained from the white of egg. o'voplasm. Ooplasm. OTopro'togen. Protogen. ovose'rum. An antiserum obtained by the repeated injection of egg-albumin in increasing doses; it coagulates the albumin of eggs of the same species as that from which the antigen was obtained. o"vovitell'in. A protein (nucleoalbumin) obtained from the yolk of eggs. Ovovip'ara [L. ovum, egg, + vivus, alive, + parere, to bear.] Animals producing lecithal eggs which are retained within the body and there developed, but without placental attachment. o'vular. Relating to an ovule. ovula'tion. The escape of an ovum from the Graafian follicle. ovule (o'viil) [L. ovulum, dim. of ovum, egg.] i. The ovum of a mammal, especially while still in the Graafian follicle. 2. A small bead-like struc- ture bearing a fancied resemblance to an pvule; see Naboth's* glands. 3. In botany, an embry- onic seed. ovulin (o'vu-lin). One of the internal secretions of the ovary which, with lutein and foUiculin, con- stitutes the hormone oophorin. ovulogenous (o-vu-loj'en-us) [L. ovulum, dim. of ovum, egg, + G. gennad, 1 produce.] i. Produc- ing ovules or ova. j. Originating from an ovule or ovum. ovulum (o'vu-lum) [L. dim. of ovum.] [BNA] Ovule, ovum contained within a Graafian follicle. o'vum, gen. o'vi, pi. o'va [L. egg.] The egg or female sexual cell, from which, when fecundated by union with the male element, a new individual is developed. It is a simple cell, but its parts have received special names; the protoplasm is called the vitellus or yolk, the ectoplasm is the zona pellucida or zona radiaia, and the cell membrane is the vitelline membrane; the nucleus is the germinal vesicle and the nucleolus the germinal spot. In the Ovipara the yolk consists very largely of nutritive material which does not enter into the segmentation process of development but is reserved for the nourishment of the embryo; such an ovum is called meroblasiic or lecithal. In the Vivipara, the embryo receives its nourish- ment through the placenta and the yolk is form- ative only, containing little or no nutritive material; such an ovum is called holoblastic or alecithal. alec'ithal 0,, an o. in which the food- yolk is absent or consists of a few particles uni- formly distributed, centrolec'ithal o,, one in which the food-yolk is large and central, forming the bulk of the ovum, as in a bird's egg. holoblas'- tic o,, one in which the yolk is largely or entirely formative, lec'ithal o., meroblastic o., one con- taining a large food-yolk, as in the bird's egg. meroblas'tic 0,, lecithal o. ova'rian 0., oocyte. o. gallina'ceum (N.F.), hen's egg. prim'itive o., ooblast, telolec'ithal o., an o. in which there is a large food-yolk situated near one end. Owens Lake, California. Alkaline-saline waters. Along the lake shores are many fresh-water springs, some cold, others boiling hot. There is also a white sulphur spring. O'wen's typ'ical ver'tebra [Sir Richard Owen, English comparative anatomist, 1804-1892.] A hypothetical structure formed of a number of bones so grouped as to form two rings, a, small dorsal and a larger ventral, joined at a common center, the body; the two rings enclose the nervous centers and the viscera, and are called the neural arch and the hemal arch, respectively. oxacid (oks-as'id) [ox(ygen) + acid.] An acid con- taining oxygen as well as hydrogen atoms. oz'alate. A salt of oxalic acid; acid potassium oxalate is called salts of sorrel or salts of lemon. ozale'mia, oxalae'mia [G. haima, blood.] The presence of an abnormal amount of oxalates in the blood. oxalethylin (oks-al-eth'il-in), A poisonous de- rivative of diethyloxamide, an excitant of the nervous system. oxal'ic acid [G. oxalis, sorrel.] An acid, H2C204 + 2H2O, originally derived from sorrel, but now obtained commercially from sugar and cellulose (saw-dust) by treating the former with nitric acid, the latter with soda or potassa lye; it occurs in OXALIC ACID 720 OXYHYDROGEN the form of colorless, odorless crystals of intensely acid taste ; it is seldom employed in medicine, but is sometimes a source of poisoning, being mistaken for magnesium sulphate which it closely resembles in appearance. It is employed as a disinfectant for the hands in surgery; and has also occasionally been given in amenorrhea, cystitis, and asthma in doses of gr. J^ (0.015-0.03). o. a. diath'esis, chronic oxalemia. oxaluria (oks-a-lu'ri-ah) [G. ouron, urine.] The ex- cretion of an abnormal amount of oxalates, especially calcium oxalate, in the urine. oxalu'ric acid. An acid, CjH^NjO,, derived from uric acid or parabanic acid, occurring in the form of a ligfit yellowish crystalline powder of acid taste. oxalyliu-ea (oks"al-il-u-re'ah). Parabanic acid, C3H2N2O3, an oxidation product of uric acid from which oxaluric acid is derived. oz'aphor. A 50 per cent, spirit of oxycamphor, recommended in cardiac and renal dyspnea, asthma, and emphysema in doses of rr^i5— 30. ox-bot, Hypodernia bovis. Ox'ford Min'eral Spring, Connecticut. Light saline- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in anemia, disorders of the stomach, liver, and kidneys. oxhy'dryl. Hydroxyl. oxidase (oks'i-daz). One of a large group of deamid- dizing oxidizing substances contained in animal and plant tissues; they are believed to have a catalytic action and therefore to belong among the ferments; they cause the oxidation of various or- ganic substances, converting hypoxanthin into xanthin, for example, direct' o., one which has the property of causing the transfer of oxygen from the air directly to other bodies, indirect' 0., one which acts only in the presence of a peroxide, peroxidase. 0. reac'tion, the formation of indol blue when a blood smear containing myeloid leucocytes is treated with a mixture of alpha- naphthol and paradimeth3'l-aniline-sulphate ; the meyloid leucocytes contain a ferment of the oxi- dase variety which causes this reaction, the Ijon- phoid leucocytes do not. pri'mary 0., direct o. oxida'sis. Oxidation of various organic substances by the action of an oxidase. oxida'tion. The act of combining or of causing an element or compound to combine with oxygen. oxide (oks'id, or oks'id). A compound of oxygen with another element or a radical, acid c, acid anhydride, a compound of oxygen with a negative element or radical ; it can combine with water to form an acid, ba'sic c, a compound of oxygen with a positive element or radical ; it can combine with water to form a base ; see anhydride, indif- ferent 0., neutral o. neu'trai 0., one which is neither an acid nor a base, as water, HjO. sa'line o., a neutral o. formed by the union of two oxides of the same element, one acid the other basic. oxidize (oks'I-dlz). To combine or cause an element or radical to combine with oxygen. ox'ol. An antiseptic containing hydrogen peroxide and menthol or some other camphor in dilute alcohol; it is designated, according to the cam- phor employed, menthoxol, naphthoxol, etc. ox'one. Commercial name of a preparation of hy- drogen dioxide. oxyacanthine (oks"r-a-kan'then). Berbine, an alka- loid, C15H19NO3, from berberis, occurring in white or yellowish crystals of a bitter taste; it causes paralysis of the cerebrospinal centers. oxyacld (oks"i-as'id). Oxacid. oxyacoia, oxyakoia (oks"i-a-koy'ah) [G. oxys, acute + _ akoe, hearing.] Increased sensitiveness to noises, occurring in facial paralysis. oxyblep'sia [G. oxys, acute, -I- blepo, 1 see.] Ex- treme acuteness of vision. oxybutyr'ia. The presence of oxybutyric acid in the blood or its excretion in the urine. oxybutyric acid (oks"I-bu-tir'ik as'id) . A monobasic acid, CH3.CHOH.CH2COOH, occasionally found in the blood and urine in diabetes. oxycam'phor. A white crystalline powder, readily soluble in alcohol, an oxidation product of cam- phor; it is employed in medicine in the form of a 50 per cent, alcoholic solution; see oxaphor. oxycepha'lia, ' oxyceph'aly [G. oxys, sharp, + kephale, head.] Hypsicephalia, the occurrence of a high vertical index in a skull. oxycephal'ic, oxyceph'alous. Noting a skull marked by oxycephalia, one with a sharp, peaked crown. oxychinolin (oks'1-kin'o-lin). Oxyquinolin. oxychloride (oks"I-klo'nd, or rid). A compound of oxygen with a metallic chloride. oxycholine (oks-1-ko'len). A poisonous alkaloid from several species of mushrooms; muscarine. oxychromatic (oks"i-kro-mat'ik) [G. oxys, acid, -\- chroma, color.] Oxyphile, acidophile. oxychromatin (oks-J-kro'm^-tin). Linin, oxyphile chromatin. oxycine'sia [G. oxys, sharp, -I- kinesis, movement.] Pain on movement. ox'ydase. Oxidase. oxyden'dron, oxyden'drum [G. oxys, sour, + den- dron, tree.] The leaves of Oxydendrum arboretim, sour-wood, sorrel-tree, a, small tree of the moun- tains of southern Pennsylvania and West Vir- ginia; employed in eclectic practice as a diuretic in dropsy and in the prostatic troubles of old men, in doses of 1511-5 (0.06-0.3) °f the specific preparation. oxyesthesia, oxyesthesia (oks"I-es-the'zI-ah) [G. oxys, acute, -|- aisihesis, sensation.] Hyperes- thesia, abnormal acuteness of sensation. ox'ygen [G. oxys, acid, -|- gennao, I produce.] Oxy- genium (U.S.), a gaseous element, symbol O, atomic weight 16, the most abundant and widely distributed of all the chemical elements; it com- bines with most of the other elements to form oxides, and is essential to animal and plant life. Oxygen is employed by inhalation in pneumonia, i n dyspnea and cyanosis, and is sometimes given to athletes before a contest ■K'ith the idea that it increases the "wind" and the staying powers. ox'ygenase. A substance of protein nature, con- taining iron or manganese, which takes up oxygen and is converted into a peroxide; it is then ren- dered an active oxidizing enzyme by the action of peroxidase. ox'ygenate. To sattirate with oxygen. oxygena'tion. Saturation with oxygen, noting especially the aeration of the blood in the lungs oxygen'ium (U.S.). Oxygen. ox'ygenoid constitu'tion. In homeopathy one of von Grauvogel's three constitutional groups, the one in which there is too great an oxidation of the blood. See carboniirogen and hydrogenoid. oxygeusia (oks-l-ju'sl-ah) [G. oxys, acute, + geusis, taste.] Abnormal sharpness of the sense of taste. ox'yhematopor'phyrin. A derivative of hemato- porphyrin found at times in the urine; it is dis- tinguished from urohematoporphyrin by its color reaction, which is reddish. oxyhemoglo'bin, oxyhtemoglo'bin. Hemoglobin in combination with oxygen; it gives solutions of a scarlet or bright red color. oxyhy'drogen. A mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, the combustion of which produces a brilliant OXYHYDROGEN 721 OZOSTOMI white light when the flame is directed against a piece of lime. ozyiodide (oks"I-i'o-dId, or did). A compound of oxygen with a metallic iodide. oxyla'lia [G. oxys, wift, + lalia, speech.] Abnor- mally rapid speaking. oxyleu'cotin. A substance, Cj^HjjOij, derived from paracoto bark, the bark of an unknown tree in Bolivia, sometimes employed as a substitute for or adulteration of coto bark. ox'ymel [G. oxys, acid, + melt, honey.] (Br.) Mel acetatum, vinegar of honey, a mixture of honey 40 and acetic acid 5, with distilled water; used as a gargle in sore throat and as an excipient. o. scil'lse (Br. and N.F.), u. of squill; squill sj, acetic acid 2J, water 8, honey sufficient to make a fluid with sp. gr. of 1.320 (Br.); a mixture of equal parts of vinegar of squill and honey (N.F.) ; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). o. urgin'eae (B.A.) oxymel of urginea; urginea 2^, acetic acid 2^, water 8 honey sufHcient to make a fluid with specific gravity of 1.320; dose 3i-i (2.0-4.0). oxynar'cotine. An alkaloid isolated from the mother liquor of narceine, CajHagNOg. oxyneu'rine. Betaine. oxyn'tic [G. oxyntos, making acid.] Acid-forming. O. cells, parietal cells, large oval or spherical granular cells in the cardiac gastric glands, secret- ing the acid of the gastric juice, o. glands, the acid-secreting glands of the stomach. oxyopia (oks-l-o'pl-ah) [G. oxys, acute, + ops(,op-), eye.] Oxyblepsia. oxyosis (oks-i-o'sis) [G. oxy, an acid, -|- -osis.] Acidosis. oxyosphresia (oks"I-os-fre's![-ah) [G. oxys, acute, -f- osphresis, smell.] Extreme acuteness of the sense of smell. oxyparaplastin (ok"sI-par-a-phlas'tin). The oxy- phil or ampho-oxyphil form of paraplastin. oxypath'ia [G. oxys, acute, + pathos, suffering.] i. An acute disease. 2. Oxyesthesia. 3. Oxypathy. oxyp'athy [G. oxys, acid, H- pathos, suffering.] A diathesis characterized by inability to eliminate the imoxidizable acids which harm the organism by uniting with the fixed alkalies of the tissues ; in general equivalent to arthritism, lithemia, and the exudative diathesis. ox'yphil, ox'yphile [G. oxys, acid, + philos, iond.] Acidophil, eosinophil, i. Having an affinity for acid or protoplasmic dyes, such as eosin; noting certain cell-granules and tissues. 2. A cell, especially a white blood cell, which stains readily with acid dyes. oxyphil'ic, oxyph'ilous. Oxyphil(i). oxypho'nia [G. oxys, sharp, + phone, voice.] Shrillness or high pitch of the voice. ox'yphor. Oxaphor. oxyproUne (oks-i-pro'Iin). An acid, CbHsNOs, ob- tained by the hydrolysis of casein and of gelatin, occurring in the form of colorless plates. ox"ypropion'ic acid. Lactic acid. ^^ oxypropylenediisoamylamine (oks-I-pro"pI-lS"-'5i-' ■ so-am-il-am'en). A synthetic alkaloid resem- bling somewhat atropine in its physiological action.' j i. * oxypurine (oks-J-pu'rin) . An oxidation product of ox^quifuMep'tol. Diaphtherin, a yellowish crystal- Une powder, soluble in water, employed as an antiseptic in i per cent, solution. _ oxyquin'olin. Oxychinolin, carbostynl, a deriva- tive or substitution product of qumolin oxyrhine (oks'1-rln) [G. oxys. sharp, -I- rHsirhtn-), nose.] Having a sharp-pointed nose. oxyrygmia (oks-S-rig'niL-ah) [G. oxys, acid, erygmos, eructation.] Acid eructation. ox'ysalt, A salt formed from an oxacid. oxysep'sin. An oxytoxin obtained from mixi cultures of the tubercle bacillus and other ba teria present in advanced stages of tuberculosis oxysparteine (oks-I-spar'te-en). An oxidation d rivative of sparteine, occurring in the form white crystals; employed as a cardiac tonic doses of gr. J— i^^ (0.03-0.09). ox'yspore [G. oxys, sharp, -I- sporos, seed.] Sporozoit oxyto'cia [G. oxys, swift, + tokos, childbirtl Rapid parturition. oxytocic (oks-i-to'sik). i. Hastening childbirt 2. An agent which promotes the rapidity of labc oxytox'in. An oxidized toxin. oxytuber'culin. A preparation made by treatii tuberculin with peroxide of hydrogen; s Hirschf elder's tuberculin.*- ozyuricide (oks-I-u'ri-sid) [oxyuris + L. cmdere, ' kill.] I. Destructive to pinwoims. n. An age: which destroys pinworms. oxyu'rid. A pinworm, Oxyuris vermicularis. Oxyuris (oks-l-u'ris) [G. oxys, sharp, + oura, tai A genus of Nemaioda. O. vermicula'ris, pi worm, thread-worm, ascaris (pi. ascarides) ; small white worm, 3 mm. (male) to 10 mi (female) in length, inhabiting the ileum ai cecum, and frequently at night wandering to t anus where it causes intense itching; itsometim causes reflex symptoms of a convulsive nature. oxyvas'eline. A proprietary ointment base, vasoge oxyzy'mol. Carvacrol. Oz. Abbreviation for ounce. oze'na, ozae'na [G. ozaina, a fetid polypus.] A fo odor present in certain cases of atrophic, syph itic, and other forms of chronic rhinitis. laryn'gis, a fetid odor occurring in certain cas of atrophic laryngitis. o'zenous. Relating to ozena. ozocerite, ozokerite (o-zo-se'rit, o-zo-ke'rit) [G. oi I smell, -I- keros, wax.] Mineral wax, minei tallow, a mixture of parafSns occurring in natui used as an ointment base. ozochrotia (o-zo-kro'shl-ah) [G. ozo, I smell, chros, skin.] Bromidrosis o'zogen. Trade name of a preparation of hydrog peroxide. ozomul'sion. Trade name of a preparation guaiacol in cod-liver oil, recommended in pi monary tuberculosis. o'zonator. An apparatus for generating ozone ai diffusing it in the atmosphere of a room. ozone (o'zon) [G. ozo, I smell.] A modified and cc densed form of oxygen, in which three atoms oxygen are combined to form the molecule, O,; i containing a perceptible amount of O3 has an od suggesting chlorine or sulphurous acid g: Ozone is formed by an electric discharge or the slow combustion of phosphorus ; it is a powi ful oxidizing agent. o'zonize. To saturate or impregnate with ozone. ozonom'eter [ozone + G. metron, measure.] modified form of ozonoscope, in which by a ser of test papers the amount of ozone in the atm< phere may be estimated. ozon'ophore [ozone + phoros, a bearer.] j. A r blood-corpuscle. 2. A protoplasmic granule. ozonoscope (o-zon'o-skop). Filter paper saturat with starch and potassium iodide or with Htm and potassium iodide; it turns blue in the presen of ozone. ozostomia (o'zo-sto'ml-ah) [G. ozo, I smell, + ston mouth.] Bad breath, a foul odor from the mou( 722 PACHYSALPINGITIS P. Chemical symbol of phosphorus. Abbreviation of pugillus, a handful. p. Abbreviation of pupil, and optic papilla. pab'ular. Relating to pabulimi, or food. pab'ulin [L. pabulum, food.] The products of digestion, fats and proteins, contained in the blood just after the digestion of food. pab'ulum [L.] Food, nutriment, aliment. Pacchionian (pak-ke-o'ni-an). Relating to Antonio Pacchioni, Italian anatomist, 1665—1726; noting especially the P. bodies, glands, or granulations, granulationes* arachnoideales, the P. foramen, incisura* tentorii, and the P. depressions, foveolae* granulares. pace maker (pas'ma-kur). A fixed point in the wall of the cardiac auricles near the mouths of the great veins, where originates the stimulus exciting the normal heart beat. pachemia, pachaemia (p&-ke'ml-ah). Pachyemia. pachometer (pa.-kom'e-ter). Pachyometer. Pachon's meth'od (pS-shawn') [Michel Victor Pachon, French physician, *i867.] Cardiogra- phy, the patient lying on the left side. P.'s test, determination of the collateral circulation, in a case of aneurysm, by estimation of the blood pressure. pachy- [G. pachys, thick.] A prefix to words formed from Greek roots, carrying the notion of thick. pachyaciia (p4-ke-ak'rl-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + akron, tip.] i. A bulbous thickening of the extremities of the fingers or toes. 2. Acromegaly. pachyeemia (pS-ke-e'mJ-ah). Pachyemia. pachyblepharon (pS-ke-blef'ar-on) [G. pachys, thick, + blepharon, eyelid.] A thickening of the tarsal border of the eyelid. pachycephalia, pachycephaly (p£-ke-sef-a'U-ah, p&- ke-sef'al-I) [G. pachys, thick, + kephale, head.] Abnormal thickness of the skull. pachycephalic, pachycephalous (pS-ke-sef-al'ik, pS-ke-sef'al-us). Relating to or marked by pachycephalia. pachychilia (pS-ke-ki'lI-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + cheilos, lip.] Swelling or abnormal tliickness of the lips. pachycholia (pS-ke-koH-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + chole, bile.] Inspissation of the bile. pachychromatic (pak"I-kro-mat'ik) [G. pachys, thick, + chromatin.'] Having a coarse chromatin reticulum. pachychymia (pS-ke-ki'mJ-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + chymos, juice.] Inspissation of the chyme. pachydactylous (pS-ke-dak'til-us). Relating to or characterized by abnormal thickness of the fingers or toes. pachydactyly (pS-ke-dak'tiH) [G. pachys, thick, + daktylos, finger or toe.] Enlargement of the fingers or toes, especially at their extremities, pachyacria (1). pachy derma (pil-ke-dur'ma). Pachydermia. pachydermatocele (pS-ke-dur-mat'o-sSl) [G. pachys, thick, + derma, skin, + kele, tumor.] Dermatolysis. pachydermatosis (pS-ke-der-ma-to'sis) [G. pachys, thick, + derma(dermai-), skin, + osis.] Pachy- dermia. pachydermatous (pS-ke-dur'ma-tus). Relating to pachydermia, thick-skinned. pachydermia (pS-ke-dur'ml-ah) [G. pachys, thick, -I- derma skin.] 1. Elephantiasis. 2. Increased resistance of the red cells in anemia, p. laryn'gis, a circumscribed connective-tissue hyperplasia at the posterior commissure of the larynx. pachydermic (pS-ke-dur'mik). Pachydermatous. pachyemia, pachyaemia (p&-ke-e'ml-ah). Inspis- sation of the blood. pachyglossia (pi-ke-glosl-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + glossa, tongue.] Hypertrophy of the tongue, macroglossia. pachygnathous (pS-kig'nath-us) [G. pachys, thick, -I- gnathos, jaw.] Characterized by a large or thick jaw. pachyhematous (pS'kl-hem'a-tus). Relating to, or having inspissated blood. pachyhemia, pachyhsemla (p^-ki-he'ml-ah). In- spissation of the blood. pachyhymenia (pS-ke-hi-me'nl-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + hymen, membrane.] Pachymenia. pachyhymenic (p4-ke-hi-men'ik). Pachymenic. pachyleptomeningitis (pa-ke-lep"to-men-in-ji'(je')- tis) [G. pachys, thick, -I- leptos, thin, + meninx (mening-), membrane, -i- -itis.] Inflammation of all the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. pachylosis (p^-ke-lo'sis) [G. pachylos, rather coarse.] Xerosis, a condition of roughness, dryness, and thickening of the skin, either general or local. pachymenia (jpS-ke-me'nl-ah). Pachyhymenia, pachydermia, thickening of the skin or other membranes. pachymenic (pS-ke-men'ik). Marked by thickening of the skin or other membranes, pachyhymenic, pachydermatous. pachymeningitis (pa-ke-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. pachys, thick, + meninx(mening-), membrane, -|- -itis.] Inflammation of the dura mater, p. ezter'na, inflammation of the outer surface of the dura mater, p. inter'na, inflammation of the inner surface of the dura mater. pach]rmeninz (pS-ke-me'ninks) [G. pachys, thick, + meninx, membrane.] The dura mater. pach3rmeter (pS-kim'e-ter) [G. pachys, thick, -f metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the thickiless of any object, especially of thin objects such as a plate of bone or a membrane. pachynsis (pi-kin'sis) [G. thickening.] Any patho- logical thickening. pachyntic (pS-kin'tic). Relating to pachynsis, pathologically thickened. pachyotia (pa-ld-o'sW-ah) [G. pachys, thick, -I- ous{dt-), ear.] Thickness and coarseness of the auricles. pachypelviperitonitis (pa-ke-pel"v(-per-I-t«-ni'(ne')- tis). Pachyperitonitis of the pelvis. pachyperitonitis (pi-ke- per-I-t6-ni'(ne')tis) [G. pachys, thick, -I- peritonaion, peritoneum, -I- -itis.] Productive peritonitis, inflammation of the peritoneum with thickening of the membrane. pachypleuritis (pak-I-plu-ri'(re')tis) [G. pachys, thick, -t- pleura + -itis.] Productive pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura with thickening of the membrane. pachypodous (pS-kip'o-dus) [G. pachys, thick, + poHs{pod-), foot.] Having large thick feet. pachysalpingitis (pS-ke-sal-pin- ji'(je')tis) [G. PACHYSALPINGITIS 723 PAI pachys, thick, + salpinx + -iiis.] Chronic paren- chymatous salpingitis. pachysalpingo-oothecitis (pa-ke-sal"pin-go-o-o-the- si'(se')tis) [G. pachys, thick, + salpinx(salping-), trumpet, + ootheke, ovary, + -^tis.] Chronic parenchymatous inflammation of the ovary and Fallopian tube. pachysalpingoovaritis (pS - ke - sal"pin - go -o-va-ri'- (re')tis) [G. pachys, thick, + salpinx + L. ovarium, ovary, -I- G. -itis.l Pachysalpingo-oothecitis. pachysomia (pa-ke-so'ml-ah) [G. pachys, thick, + soma, body.] Pathological thickening of the soft parts of the body, notably in acromegaly. pachyvaginalitis (pa-ke-vaj-in-al-i'(e')tis) [Q. pachys, thick, + L. (tunica) vaginalis + G. -itis!] Chronic inflammation with thickening of the tunica vaginalis testis. pachyraginitis (pa-ke-vaj-in-i'(e')tis) [G. pachys, thick, + L. vagina + G. -iiis.'\ Chronic colpitis with thickening and induration of the vaginal walls, p. cys'tica, colpohyperplasia cystica. Pacific Congress Springs, California. Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters, 50° F. Several springs. Used by drinking in anemia, dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, liver afEections, and disorders of the kidneys and bladder. Pacinian (pah-chin '5f-an) . Referring to or de- scribed by Filippo Pacini (pah-che'ne). Italian anatomist, 1812-1883; noting especially the Pacinian corpuscle or body, corpusculum* lamellosum. pacinitis (pS.-sin-(chin)-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the Pacinian corpuscles. pack. I. To fill or stuff, to tampon. 2. To enwrap, to envelop the body in a wet sheet or blanket •3. The process of enveloping one in a wet sheet or blanket, or the material so used. cold p., a p. in a sheet wrung out of cold water. dry p., enveloping one in dry warmed blankets in order to induce profuse perspiration, hot p., a p. in a sheet wrung out of hot water, wet p., the usual form of p. in a sheet wrung out of hot or cold water. pack'er. An instrument for use in tamponing the vagina or other cavity. pack'ing. i. Tamponing, filling a natural cavity or a wound with cotton-wool, gauze, or other material. 2. The material used in packing. 3. The application of a wet pack. pad. A bundle of soft material forming a cushion, used in making pressure on a part, in relieving pressure, or in filling a depression so that dress- ings may fit snugly, suck'ing p., corpus adi- posum buccas. psed-. For words so beginning see under ped-. Pagano's reac'tion (pah-gah'no). A reaction simi- lar to the conjunctival reaction of Calmette, when the tuberculin preparation is applied to the mea- tus urinarius. Pagenstecher oint'ment (pah'gen-stekh-er) [Alex- ander Pagenstecher, German ophthalmologist, 18 28-1879.] An eye-salve containing yellow oxide of mercury. Pagenstecher's circle (pah'gen-stekh-erz sur'kl). In the case of a freely movable abdominal tumor, the mass is moved throughout its entire range, its position at intervals being marked on the abdominal waU; when these points are joined a circle is formed, the center of which marks the point of attachment of the tumor. P.'s thread, celluloid yam, linen thread impregnated with celluloid; employed as a suture material, especially in intestinal work. Paget's ab'scess (paj'et) [Sir James Paget, Engli surgeon, 1814-1899.] Residual abscess.* P cells, peculiarly transformed epithelial eel formerly regarded as psorospermia, occurring P.'s disease of the nipple. P.'s disease', (i) ost tis deformans; (2) an eczematoid affection of t nipple and areola, sometimes becoming carcir matous. P.'s fi'broid, spindle-cell sarcoma in t subcutaneous connective tissue. pagoplex'ia [G. pagos, frost, 4- plexis, stroke.] Froi bite. Pago'sa Springs, Colorado. Alkaline-saline wate 155 °F. One spring. Used by drinking and bat ing in anemia, gout, rheumatism, and syphilis. -pagus [G. pagos; pegnymi, I fasten together.] termination denoting a twin monster, the fii element of the word denoting the point of attac ment; practically the same as 'dymus. Pahvant Valley plague (pah'vant van pla [Pahvant Valley in Millard County, Uta! Deer-fly malady or fever. paidol'ogy. Paedology, pedology.* dain [L. poena, a fine, a penalty.] i. Sufferii either physical or mental; an impression on t sensory nerves causing distress or, when extren agony. 2. One of the uterine contractions occi ring in childbirth, after-pains, uterine contn tions continuing after the completion of lab bearing-down' p., a uterine contraction acco: panied with straining and tenesmus, false paii colicky pains due to slight uterine contractioi preceding the beginning of labor, girdle p., painful sensation encircling the body like a be occurring in tabes dorsalis or other spinal-oo disease, growing p., a rheumatic p. or crar occurring in the young, imper'ative p., an i sistent painful sensation, occurring especially psychasthenics, intermenstrual p., mid-pa pelvic pain of uncertain causation, occurring wi each successive intermenstrual period, oste cop'ic p., pains in the bones, especially at nig] abdomen, celialgia, celiodynia, ccelialgia, cceliody] splanchnodynia, visceralgia,^ colic, bellyache; see a bladder, intestine, kidney, liver, ovary, ureter, uter abnormal, paralgia, paralgesia, absence of, analg analgesia, anodynia. ankle, tarsalgia, anus, pri talgia, proctodynia, proctagra. arm, brachialg back, notalgia, dorsalgia, rachialgia, notodynia, dor dynia; lumbago, osphyalgia, lunibodynia; see a spine, bladder, cystalgia, cystodynia. bone, ost( copus, dolor noctumus, dolor tenebrans (night pain syphilis), breast, mastalgia, mastodynia, mazodyn mammalgia. burning, causalgia, adaxoma. cai lage, chondralgja, chondrodynia. caused by a toui hapnalgesia. caused by cold, cryalgesia. caused heat, thermalgesia, caused by light, photalgia, hyp algesia optica, caused by sounds, hyperalgia acusti hyperesthesia acustica, odynacusis, causing, algel algogenic, odynephorous, dolorific. chest, thorac gia, thoracodynia, thoracomyodynia, intercostal ni ralgia, pleurodynia, coccyx, coccyodynia, coccyi dynia, coccyalgia, coccydynia. cornea, keratalg ceratalgia, keratodynia, ceratodynia. _ diaphrag diaphragmalgia, diaphragmodynia. diminished sf sation, hypalgesia, hypalgia. during sleep, hypnals ear, otalgia, otodynia, earache, elbow, anconalg excessive, hyperalgia, megalgia. extremities, melag melalgia, eye, ophthalmagra, ^ophthalmalgia, O] thalmodynia. face, dolor faciei, ^ face-ache, fac neuralgia, prosopalgia, prosopodynia, prosoponeui gia. fear of, algophobia, oaynephobia. fingc dactylalgia. foot, podalgia, pododynia. hand, c ralgia. head, headache, cephalalgia, cephalodyr migraine, hemicrania, dolor capitis, brow-ache, brc ague, cerebralgia ; monopegia, clavus (localized), hei cardiagra, cardiodynia, angina pectoris, angor pecto: heavy, baryodynia. heel, talalgia, hip, coxagra, cox gia, coxodynia, ischias, ischioneuralgia, ischialgia. creased sensation, hyperalgesia, in defecating, ten mus.in swallowing, odynphagia, sore-throat, dysphag angina, intestine, enteralgia, enterodynia, ^tormi: gripes, colic, in tuinating, odynuria, dysuria, stn gury, tenesmus vesi'ras. ix'n, iridalgia,' ilalgia. ^ J8 gnathalgia. joint, arthralgia, arthrodynia. kidn PAIN 724 PALEOPATHOLOGY nephralgia, nephrodynia, nephrodysneuria. knee, gonalgia, gonyalgia. larynx, laryngalgia, laryngo- dynia. leg, melagra, melalgia, meralgia, scelalgia. ligament, desmalgia, desmodynia. liver, hepatalgia, hepatodynia. loss of sensation of, analgesia, anes- thesia (all sensation); hemianalgesia, hemianesthesia (on one side), measurement of, algometry. men- strual, dysmenorrhea, mental, psychalgia. . mouth, stomatalgia, stomatodynia. muscle, myalgia, myo- dynia, neck, trachelodynia, cervicodynia. nerve, neuralgia, neurodynia. _ nose, rhinalgia, rhinodynia. on movement, cinesalgia, cinesialgia. kinesalgia, kin- esialpia, oxycinesia. ovary, oothecalgia, oophoralgia, ovarialgia, ovarialgia, ovarian neuralgia, pancreas, pan- creatalgia, penis, phallalgia, phallodynia. pharynx, pharyngalgia, pharyngodynia. prepuce, posthalgia, rectum, proctagra, proctalgia, proctodynia, rectalgia. relieving, analgesic, anodyne, anesthetjc.resultingfrom overuse of a part, epersalgia. sacrum, heiralgia. shoul- der, omagra, omalgia, omodynia. side, pleurodynia. - slight, hypalgia. spine, rhachiagra, rachiorrheuma, rhachialgia, rhachiadynia, stonahlgia, spondylody- nia; hieralgia (sacrum); coccyalgia, coccygodynia, coc- cydinia, coccyodynia (coccyx) ; notalgia. spleen, splen- algia, splenodynia. sternum, sternalgia, sternodynia. stomach, gastralgia, gastrodynia, cardialgia, stomach- ache, stomachalgia. sympathetic, .synalgia. teeth, odontalgia, odontodynia, odontagra, toothache, testi- cle, orchialgia, orchidalgia, orchiodynia, orchidodynia. thigh, meralgia: ischias, ischialgia, sciatica (in the sciatic nerve), tongue, glossalgia, glossodynia. ureter, ureter- algia. urethra, urethralgia, urethrodynia. uterus, hys- teralgia, hysterodynia, hysterocolic, metralgia, metro- dynia, uteralgia, uterine colic, vagina, colpalgia, colpo- dynia. varieties, boring, pungent, terebrant; darting, shooting, lancinating, fulgurant, lightning; nocturnal, osteocopic; jumping, starting; tearing, lacerating; grinding, tensive; throbbing; acute, sharp; dull; ach- ing; girdle; labor; false, niggling, premonitory, bearing- down, dilating, expulsive, after-. paint'er's coric. Lead colic* Pajot's hook (p4-zho') [Charles Pajot, Parisian accoucheur, 1816— 1896.] A hook used in decapi- tation of the fetu^ ; it has a groove which carries a strong cord, the decapitation being effected by a sawing movement of the string. palseencephalbn, palEeogenesis, palaeontology, etc. See paleencephalon, paleogenesis, paleontology, etc. pal'atal. Relating to the palate or the palate bone. pal'ate [L. palatum.] Palatum, uraniscus, the roof of the mouth, the bony and muscular partition between the oral and the nasal cavities; popularly the uvula, arch of the p., the vaulted roof of the mouth, cleft p., palatum fissum, uranoschisis; a congenital fissure in the median line of the palate, usually associated with harelip, falling p., elongated uvula, uvula descendens, cionoptosia, staphyloptosia. hard p., palatum durum, the bony portion of the roof of the mouth, pen'dulous p., soft p.; uvula. soft p., palatum moUe, velum pendulum palati, the posterior fleshy portion of the palate, dividing the oral from the nasal pharynx. parate-hook. An instrument for pushing aside the soft palate in order to facilitate posterior rhinoscopy. palate-my'ograph. Palatograph. palat'iform [L. palatum, palate, -1- forma, form.] Palate-shaped, resembling the palate. palatine (pal'a-tin) [L. palatinus.] Relating to the palate. pal'atinoid. Trade name of a form of envelope or capsule used for the administration of drugs of bitter or disagreeable taste. palatitis (pal-4-ti'(te')tis) [L. palatum, palate, -I- G, -itis.] Uranisconitis. pal"atogloss'al. Relating to the palate and the tongue, or to the palatoglossus muscle. palatoglos'sus [L. palatum '+ G. glossa, tongue.] The palatoglossal muscule ; see under musculus. palatog'nathous [L. palatum, palate, -I- G. gnathos, jaw.] Having a cleft jialate pal'atograph [L. palatum +• G. grapho, I record.] Palate-myograph, an instrument used in record- ing the movements of the soft palate in speaking and during respiration. pal"atomax'iUary. Relating to the palate and the maxilla. palatomy'ograph [L. palatum + G. mys, muscle, + grapho, I record.] Palatograph. palatona'sal. Relating to the palate and the nasal foSSEB. palatopharyn'geal. Relating to the palate and the phar3mx. pal"atopharynge'us. The palatopharyngeal muscle ; musculus* pharyngopalatinus. palatoplasty [L. palatum + G. plasso, I form.] Uranoplasty. palatople'gia [L. palatum., palate, + G. plege, stroke.] Uranoplegia, paralysis of the soft palate. palator'rhaphy [L. palatum- + G. rhaphe, suture.] Uranorrhaphy. paFatosalpinge'us [L. palatum, palate, -t- G. sal- pinx, trumpet.] Musculus tensor veli palatini. palatoschisis (pal-^-tostl-sis) [L. palatum + G. schists, fissure.] Uranoschisis. pal"atostaphy'li'nus [L. palatum + staphyle, uvula.] A bundle of muscular fibers from the tensor veli palatini joining the musculus uvulas. pai"ato-uvula'ris muscle. Musculus uvulse. pala'tum [L.] Palate, p. du'rum [BNA], hard palate; a concave elliptical bony plate, constitut- ing the roof of the oral cavity, formed of the palatine process of the maxil'a and the hori- zontal portion and part of the pyramidal process of the palate bone on either side. p. mol'le [BNA], soft palate, velum pendulum palati, the posterior muscular portion of the palate, form- ing an incomplete septum between the mouth and the pharynx, and between the pharynx and the nasal fossse. pal'ea [L. chaff.] In botany: i. A scaly outgrowth of the epidermis in ferns. 2. An inner bract subtending the flower in grasses. 3. A bracteole. paleencephalon, palseencephalon (pal-e-en-sef'a- lon) [G. palaios, ancient, -I- enkephalos, brain.] Edinger's term for the metameric or proprio- spinal nervous system. paleoencephalon, palsoencephalon (pal"e-o-en- sef'a- Ion). Paleencephalon. paleogenesis, palseogenesis (pa"le-o-jen'e-sis) [G. palaios, ancient, -H genesis, origin.] The heredi- tary transmission of peculiarities of organization, in absolute latency for periods of indefinite length; invoked by Hutchinson in explanation of certain human diseases — the dappled skin of leucodema colli, for example, a similar marking occurring normally in the deer and horse; the condition in both animals and man being an inheritance from some infinitely remote common ancestor. paleogenet'ic. Relating to palaeogenesis. paleokinetic (pal"e-o-kin-et'ik) [G. palaios, ancient, + kinetikos, relating to movement.] Noting one of the divisions of the motor system of peripheral nerves the function of which is the transmission of automatic and associated movements; it represents a primitive and dif- fuse form of movement which is under the con- trol of the corpus striatum and is subserved by a striospinbneural system; see neokinetic. paleontology, paleontology (pa"l -on-tol'o-jl) [G. palaios, ancient, -f- dn{ont-), a being, -I- -logia.] Science in relation to life on the globe in the most ancient times, as revealed in the fossil remains. paleopathology (pa-le-o-p5-thol'o-ji() [G. palaios, ancient, -I- patholoev.^ Studv of disease in nre- ± £\±^AH\JX jrx X j-xvyjjv/vj J. 725 fAL,ttL,iit!.Ll historic times, as revealed in statues, drawings on stone, and the bones of ancient races of man- kind. paleothalamus, paleeothalamus (pal-e-o-thal'a- mus.] The medullary portion of the thalamus. palilalia (pal-i-la'B-ah) [G. palin, again, + lalia, a form of speech. ] Paliphrasia. pal'inal. [G. palin, backward.] Moving backward. palindromia (pal-in-dro'ml-ah) [G. a running back.] A relapse or recurrence of a disease. palindrom'ic. Relating to palindromia, relapsing, recurring. palingen'esis [G. palin, again, + genesis, produc- tion.] I. The transmission of hereditary peculi- arities in succeeding generations. 2. Regenera- tion. paliphrasia (pal-i-fra'zif-ah) [G. palin, again, -|- phrasis, speech.] Involuntary repetition of words or sentences in talking. palirrhe'a, palirrhce'a [G. palirrhoia, the ebb and flow of the tide.] i. The return of a discharge after its cessation, i. Regurgitation. palisade' lay'er, the basal layer, of columnar epi- thelial cells containing pigment, of the stratum mucosum. p, worm, Strongylus equinus. palla'dium. A metallic element, symbol Pd, atomic weight 106.7, occurring with and resembling platinum. pallanesthesia, pallansesthesia (pal"an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. pallo, I quiver, + anaisthesia, insensibility.] Apallesthesia, insensibility of the bones to the stimulus of a tuning fork. palles'cence [L. pallescere, to become pale.] Pallor. pallesthesia (pal"es-the'zi-ah) [G. pallo, I quiver, + aisthesis, sensation.] A peculiar vibrating sen- sation, such as is felt when the foot of a tuning- fork in vibration is placed over subcutaneous bony surfaces. pal'Iial. Relating to the palliiun cerebri. pall'iate [L. palliatus; palliare, to cloak.] To miti- gate, to reduce the severity of, to relieve slightly. pall'iative. Mitigating, reducing the severity of; noting a method of treatment of a disease or of its symptoms. pallidal (pal'i-dal). Relating to or involving the pallidum, or globus pallidas. pall'idum [L. pallidus, pale.] The globus* pallidus of the lenticular nucleus. pal'Uum [L. cloak.] Mantle, brain-mantle, the cerebral cortex with the subjacent white sub- stance. pall'or [L.] Paleness. palm (pahm) [L. palma.'] 1. The flat of the hand, the flexor or anterior surface of the hand, the opposite of the dorsum; vola manus [BNA]; it includes roughly the anterior surface of the metacarpus from the wrist to the fingers. 2. A palm-tree, a member of the order Palma, including the cocoanut-palm, the date-palm, etc. palma (pal'mah) [L.] 1. Palm of the hand, vola. 2. Palm-tree. pal'mar [L. palmaris from palma.] Referring to the palm of the hand, volar, p. arch, arcus* volaris [BNA]. palmaris (pal-mah'(ma')ris). One of two muscles, p. brevis and p. longus; see imder musculus. pal'mate. In botany, noting a leaf about as broad as long palmat'ifid [palmate + L. iindere, to cleave.J in botany, noting a, palmate leaf with the blade cut about half way in toward the midrib. palmature (pal-mS-tur) [L. palma, palm. ] Adhesion or webbing of the fingers. Palmel'la [G. palmos, a jelly-like vibration.] genus of algae, colonies of which occur enclosed a jelly-like mass. p. stage, a stage in the gro-H of certain of the lower vegetable organisms which the colonies are enclosed in a jelly-Ii mass, zooglea stage. P. cruen'ta, a species fresh-water algae, the source of palmellin. pal'mellin. A red coloring matter formed by alga, Palmella cruenia. palmett'o [Sp. palmito, dim. of palma, palm.] name given to a number of small palm tre saw p., sabal. parmic. i. Relating to a palmus, beating, thr< bing. 2. Palmitic. pal'min. Palmitin. p. test, a test of pancrea efficiency, based upon the fact that the presence fat in the stomach causes the pylorus to open a admit the pancreatic juice; this splits the pain so that an examination of the stomach conten after a test-meal containing palmin, will reveal 1 presence of fatty acids. palmitate (pal'mi-tat). A salt of palmitic acid. palmit'ic acid. An acid, Ci.HjjOj, occurring palm oil and other fats. pal'mitin. Tripahnitin, a solid crystallizable st stance, the triglyceride of palmitic acid, occurri in palm-oil; it melts at 113° P. (83° C). palmod'ic. Relating to palmus (i). pal'moform. Methylene guaiacol, a colorles tasteless, and odorless powder obtained by 1 action of formic aldehyde on guaiacol; emploj for the same purposes as guaiacol in doses of 8-15 (0.5-1.0). palmos'copy [G. palmos, pulsation, + skopeo, I ( amine.] Examination of the cardiac pulsatior pal'mus [G. palmos, pulsation, quivering.] Convulsive tic. 2. Rhythmical fibrillary cc tractions in a muscle. 3. The heart-beat. Palmy'ra Min'eral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkalii calcic waters, 50° F. to 72° F. Used by drii ing and bathing in dyspepsia, liver disorde Bright's disease, skin diseases, and rheumatis The summer months. pal'pable [G. palpabilis; palpare, to feel.] i. P ceptible to touch; that can be palpated. Evident, plain, manifest pal'pate. To examine by feeling and pressing w: the palms of the hands and the fingers. palpa'tion. i. Examination by means of the hani to outline the organs or tumors of the abdomt to determine the degree of resistance of varic parts, to feel the heart beat, the vibrations in t chest, etc. 2. Touching, feeling or perceivi by the sense of touch. palpatom'etiy [palpation + G. meiron, measui Measurement of the degree of pressure which c be made without causing pain. pal"patopercus'sion. Examination by means combined palpation and percussion. palpato'rium. An instrument used to detect tenc points in the abdomen by palpation during fluoroscopic examination. palpebra, pi. palpe'brce, gen. pi. palpebra'rum (p pe'brah) [L.] Eyelid, p. infe'rior, lower eyel p. supe'rior, upper eyehd. p. ter'tia, third eyel the membrana* nictitans in the horse. palpebral. Relating to an eyelid or the eyelids. palpebra'lis. Palpebral muscle, musculus leva1 palpebrae superioris. pal'pebrate [L. palpebra, eyelid.] i. Having ei lids. 2. To wink. palpebra'tion. Winking. palpebritis (pal-pe-bri'(bre')tis) [L. palpebra, eyel + G. -itis.] Blepharitis. PALPITATION 726 PANCREATIN, PANCREATINUM palpitation (pal-pl-ta'shun) [L. palpitare, to throb.] Forcible pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the patient, usually with an increase in frequency, with or without irregularity in rhythm. palsy (pawl'zl). Paralysis. Bell's p., facial paraly- sis, birth-p., obstetrical paralysis, paralysis, hemiplegia or diplegia, due to cerebral hemor- rhage occurring at birth or to a disease of intra- uterine life, bulbar p., glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis creeping p., progressive muscular atrophy, crutch p., paralysis of the arm caused by the pressure of the crosspiece of a crutch. lead p., paralysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist occurring in poisoning by lead; wristdrop. night p., waking numbness.* printer's p., a neuritis, due to chronic antimonial poisoning, affecting chiefly the ulnar side of the forearm and hand, scriv'ener's p., writer's cramp, shaking p., paralysis agitans. wasting p., progressive muscular atrophy. Paltauf's dwarfism or nan'ism (pahl'towf) [Arnold Paltauf, German physician, i860— 1893.] A form of nanism associated with lymphatism. pal'udal [L. palus, a swamp.] i. Marshy. 2 Malarial. paludide (pal'u-ded) [Fr.] A skin eruption of sup- posed malarial causation. pal'udism [L. palus {palud-), marsh.] Malaria. palus'tral [L. palus, a swamp.] Paludal. pambota'na bark. The bark of a Mexican tree, Calliandra housioni, which has been used as a sub- stitute for cinchona, in doses of 5i-i (15.0-30.0). pampin'iform [L. pampinus, tendril, + forma, form.] Resembling a tendril, p. plexus, a plexus of veins of the spermatic cord, see plexus* pampiniformis, pampinocele (pam-pin'o-sel) [L. pampinus, tendril, + G. keW, tumor.] Varicocele. pample'gia [G. pas(pan), all, + plegS, stroke.] Panplegia. pan- [G. pasipan), all.] A prefix to words derived from Greek roots, implying all, entire. panacea (pan-S-se'ah) [G, panakeia, a universal remedy.] A remedy claimed to be curative of all diseases; a ciu-e-all. Panace'a Springs, North Carolina. Alkaline-saline- chalybeate-carbonated waters. From 15 to 20 springs. Used by drinking in anemia, chronic diarrhea, diseases of women, and debility. Panama' bark Quillaja. P. fever, Chagres fever, pernicious remittent fever. pan'aris, panaritium (pan-S-rishl-um) [L.] Whit- low, paronychia.* panarteritis (pan-ar-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. pas {pan), all, 4- arieria, artery, + -Ms.] i. Generalized arteritis, polyarteritis. 2. Arteritis involving all the coats of the vessel. panarthritis (pan-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. pas(pan), all, + arihron, joint, -t- -iiis:'] i. Inflammation involving all the tissues of a joint. 2. Inflam- mation of all the joints of the body. Panas's opera'tion (pS-nah') [Photinos Panas, Pari- sian ophthalmologist, 1832-1903.] Connecting the upper eyelid with the occipitofrontalis muscle, for the relief of congenital ptosis. panat'rophy [G. pas(pan-), all, + atrophia, atrophy.] I. Atrophy oi all the parts of a structure. 2. General atrophy of the body. pa'nax. Ginseng, the root of several species of Panax of the family Arabiacea. The American ginseng, P, quinquefolia is employed in eclectic practice as a mild sedative and in cases of nervous dyspepsia, in hourly doses of nj^— i (0.03—0.06) in water, of the specific preparation. panblas'tic [G. pasipan), all, -1- blasios, germ.] Relating to all the layers of the blastoderm. pancarditis (pan-kar-di'(de')tis) [G. pas(pan), all, -I- kardia, heart, + -itis.'] Inflammation of all the structures of the heart. panchrest (pan'krest) [G. panchrestos, good for everything.] Panacea, cure-all. Pan'coast's opera'tion [Joseph Pancoast, Philadelphia surgeon, 1805-1882.] Division of the trigeminal nerve at the foramen ovale. P.'s su'ture, tmion of two edges, in plastic surgery, by a tongue-and- groove arrangement. pancreaden (pan'kre-a.-den). Trade name of a pancreatic extract recommended in diabetes. pan'creas [G. pas(pan), all, -f- kreas, flesh.] Abdom- inal salivary gland; in animals used for food, abdominal sweetbread; an elongated lobulated gland, devoid of capsule, extending from the concavity of the duodenum to the spleen; it con- sists of a flattened head (caput) at the duodenal end, a curved neck (collum) and an elongated three-sided body (corpus) extending transversely across the abdomen. The tail (cauda) is the pointed left extremity of the body in contact with the spleen. The gland secretes the pancreatic juice, discharged into the intestine, and an inter- nal secretion, lesser p., p. minus, p. accesso'rium, a detached portion of pancreatic tissue sometimes fotmd in the wall of the stomach or of the duo- denum, p. minus, the unciform process of the p., or that part which extends along the upper aspect of the third portion of the duodenum, which is sometimes entirely detached from the rest of the gland; called also lesser, small, unci- nate, "Willis's, or Winslow's pancreas, and processus uncinatus [BNA]. p. of Asel'li, a collection of mesenteric glands near the cecum into which many of the lymphatics of the small intestine and of the beginning of the large intestine empty, small p., un'ciform p., tin'cinate p., p. minus. calculus, pancreatolith, disease, pancreopathy, pan- creatopathy, enlargement, pancreatemphraxis, pan- creatoncus. excision, pancreatectomy, pancreectomy. ferments, pancreatin, amylopsin, trypsin, steapsin. incision, pancreatomy, pancreatotomy. inflammation, pancreatitis, pain, pancreatalgia, tumor, pancreat- oncus. ulceration, pancreathelcosis. pancreatalgia (pan"kre-a,-tal'ji-ah) [G. pankreas + algos, pain.] Pain in the pancreas. pancreatectomy (pan"kre-a,-tek 'to-mi) [G. pankreas + ektome, excision.] Excision of- the pancreas. pan"createmphrax'is [G. pankreas + emphraxis, a stoppage.] Obstruction in the pancreatic duct, causing swelling of the gland. pancreathelcosis (pan"kre-ath-el-ko'sis) [G. pan- kreas + helhosis, ulceration.] Suppurative in- flammation or abscess of the pancreas. pancreatic (pan-kre-at'ik). Relating to the pan- creas, p. juice, the external secretion of the pancreas, a clear alkaline fluid containing several enzymes: a diastatic enzyme, amylopsin; two proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and myopsin; a steatolytic enzyme, steapsin; an enzyme emul- sifying neutral fats, and a milk-curdling enzyme. pancreaf'icoduod'enal. Relating to the pancreas and the duodenum. pancreatin, pancreatinum (pan'kre-J-tin, pan'kre- ah-te'num). (U.S.) A mixture of the enzymes from the pancreas of the ox or hog, occurring in the form of a, cream-colored powder; employed internally as a digestive, and also as a peptonizing agent in preparing predigested foods; it contains the proteolytic trypsin and myopsin, the amylo- lytic amylopsin, and the lipolytic steapsin. PANCREATINOKINASE 727 PANOPEPTONE pancreatinokinase (pan-kre-at"l-no-kin'az). Trade name of a mixture of pancreatin and eukinase, reoomniended as a digestant. pancre atism (pan'kre-3.-tizin) . Functioning of the pancreas. pancreatitis (pan-kre-a-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the pancreas. pancreatolitli (pan-kre-at'o-Iith) [G. pankreas + liihos, stone.] A pancreatic concretion, pancre- atic calculus. pancreatolithotomy (pan'kre-a-to-H-thot'o-mi) [G. pankreas + lithos, stone, + tome, incision.] Op- eration for the removal of a calculus from the pancreas. pancreatolysis (pan"kre-a.-tol'i-sis) [G. pankreas + lysis, solution.] Destruction of the substance of the pancreas. pancreatolytic (pan"kre-at-o-lit'ik). Relating to pancreatolysis, destructive to the pancreatic tis- sues. pancreat'omy. Pancreatotomy. pancreaton'cus [G, pankreas •\- onkos, swelling.] A tiunor of the pancreas. pancreatop'athy [G. pankreas + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the pancreas. pancreatotomy (pan-kre-S-tot'o-ml) [G. pankreas + tome, incision.] Incision of the pancreas for the removal of a new growth, evacuation of a calculus, etc. pancreectomy (pan-kre-ek'to-ml). Pancreatectomy. pancreobis'mutii. Trade name of a digestive mix- ture of bismuth and the pancreatic ferments. pan"creodiges'tin. Trade name of a mixture of several of the digestive ferments with lactic and hydrochloric acids. pan'creoUth, pan"creolithot'omy. Pancreatolith, pancreatolithotomy. pancreol'ysis. Pancreatolysis. pancreoly'tic. Pancreatolytic. pan'creon, pan'kreon. Trade name of a gray powder obtained by the action of tannin on pan- creatin; recommended as a siibstitute for pan- creatin in doses of gr. 5-8 (o . 3-0 . 5). pancreop'athy [G. pankreas + pathos, sufEering.] Pancreatopathy. pandem'ic [G. pas{pan), all, -I- demos, the people.] I. Noting a disease affecting or attacking all, or a large proportion of the population of a region ; extensively epidemic, n. Ari epidemic of great prevalence, attacking a. large proportion of the population. Pan'der's islsmd or nu'cleus [Heinrich Christian von Pander, German anatomist, 1794-1865.] A lenticular collection of nerve-cells lying beneath the thalamus, between the nucleus tegmenti and the corpus albicans. pandicula'tion [L. pandiculari, to stretch oneself.] The act of stretching, as when awaking. Pan'dy's test. A qualitative test for globtilin in the spinal fluid. panelec'troscope. A sort of universal electroscope, or appliance for viewing the accessible cavities and canals of the body by means of electric illumination. panesthesia, panaesthesia (pan-es-the'zl-ah) [L. pas{pan), all, + aisthesis, sensation.] The simi of all the sensations experienced by a person at a given period; cenesthesia. Paneth's gran'ular cells (pah'nat) [Josef Paneth, German physician, *i8s7.] Granular cells m the glands of Lieberkuhn, present between the epithelial cells at the bottom of the crypts. pangad'uin. A substance supposed to contam all the essential principles of cod-liver oil. pan'gen [G. pas, all, + gennao, I produce.] Deter- minant. pangen'esis [G. pas{pan), all, + genesis, production.] The theory of Darwin that every separate part of the organism reproduces itself in the progeny, each ovule and spermatozoon containing a par- ticle or germ thrown off from each separate unit in the parent organism. pangloss'ia [G. pas{pan), all, + glossa, tongue.] Garrulity, especially of the insane. panhidro'sis [G. paslpan), all, -I- hidros, sweat.] General perspiration, panidrosis. panhydrom'eter [G. pas{pan), all, + hydor, water, -I- metron, measure.] An hydrometer for use in determining the specific gravity of any liquid. panhy'grous [G. pas(pan), all, + hygros, damp.] Universally moist. panhyperemia, panhyperemia (pan-hi-per-e'ml-ah) [G. pas(pan), all, + hyper, over, + haima, blood.] Universal congestion or hyperemia ; plethora. panhysterec'tomy [G. pas{pan), all, --H -hysiera, uterus, 4- ektome, excision.] Removal of the entire uterus, including the cervix. panhys"terocolpec'tomy [G. pas(pan), all, + hystera, uterus, -I- kolpos, sinus (vagina), -|- ektome, excision.] Removal of the entire uterus with the vagina. panicle (panl-kl) [L. panicula, dim. of panus, thread wound on a bobbin.] In botany, an irregularly compound raceme. panidro'sis [G. pas{pan), all, -t- hidros, sweat.] Universal sweating, panhidrosis. pa'nis [L.] Bread, mi'ca p., breadcrumb. panmeris'tic [G. pas(pan), all, + meros, part.] Pangenetic; relating to the ovular protoplasm- made up, according to the theory of pangenesis, of a multitude of parental units. panmix'ia [G. pas{pan), all, + mixis, intercourse.] I. Random mating without selection. 2. Sexual intercourse between individuals of different races. 3. Weissmann's term for the tendency of structures to retrograde and disappear when their value to the species becomes nil. panmyelophthisis (pan-mi"el-of-thi'(the')sis) [G. pas(pan), all, + myelos, marrow, + phthisis, wasting. ] A general wasting or atrophy of the bone-marrow. panneuritis (pan-nu-ri'(re')tis [G. pas(pan), all, -t- neuron, nerve, + -itis.] Extreme polyneuritis. p. endem'ica, beriberi. panniculitis (pi-nik-u-li'(le')tis) [L. panniculus + G. -itis."] Inflammation of the panniculus adipo- sus of the abdominal wall. pannic'ulus [L, dim. of pannus, cloth.] A sheet or layer of tissue, p. adipo'sus, the superficial fascia which contains more or less fatty deposit in its areolar substance, p. camo'sus, a thin layer of muscular tissue, beneath or in the sub- stance of the superficial fascia, such as the musculus* platysma myoides. pan'nus [L. cloth.] A patch of grayish, membrane- like, vascvdarized tissue covering the upper half of, sometimes the entire, cornea ; a frequent com- plication of trachoma. It occurs in three forms : p. eras' sus [thick], in which the blood-vessels are many and the opacity very dense; p. sic'cus [dry], associated with xerophthalmia ; #. ten'uis [thin], i n which the blood-vessels are few and the opacity slight, p. carate'us, pinta. phlycten'ular p., p. occurring in phlyctenular conjunctivitis. panod'ic [G. pas(pan), all, -I- hodos, way.] Passing in every direction; noting a nerve-impulse; panthodic. } panopep'tone. Trade name of a predigested pre- PANOPEPTONE 728 PAPER pared food containing peptonized beef and a cereal. panopho'bia [G. pas(pan), all, + pkobos, fear.] A state of general apprehension, or fear of every- thing; pantophobia. panophthal'mia, panophthalmitis (pan-of-thal-mi'- (me')tis) [G. pas{pan), all, + ophthalmos, eye.] Inflammation of the eyeball in all its parts. panopto'sia [G. pas(pan), all, + ptosis, a fall- ing.] A condition of general prolapse of all the viscera. panosteitis (pan-os-te-i'(e')tis) [G. pas(pan), all, + osteon, bone, + -itis.] Inflammation of an entire bone with periosteum and marrow; panostitis. panotitis (pan-o-ti'(te')tis) [G. pas(,pan), all, + ous(dt-), ear, + -itis.] General inflammation of all parts of the ear; specifically a disease described by Politzer which begins as an otitis interna, the inflammation subsequently extending to the middle ear and neighboring structures. panpep'tin. Trade name of a preparation contain- ing a number of digestive enzymes. panpho'bia. Panophobia. panple'gia [G. pas(pan), all, + plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the four extremities ; pamplegia. Pansch's fis'sure [Adolf Pansch, German anatomist, 1841-1887.] A cerebral fissure running from the lower extremity of the central fissure nearly to the end of the occipital lobe. pansinuitis (pan-sin-ti-i'(eOtis). Pansinusitis. pansinusitis (pan-si-nus-i'(e')tis) [G. pas(pan), all, + L. sinus -h G. -itis.] Inflammation of all the accessory sinuses of the nose on one or both sides. panspennia, panspermatism (pan-spur'ml-ah, pan- spur'mS-tizm) [G. pas(pan), all, + sperma, seed.] The hypothetical doctrine of omnipresent germs, that the minute forms and spores of animal and vegetable life are everywhere present, thus ac- counting for apparent spontaneous generation and for the occurrence de novo of infectious diseases. pansphyg'mograph [G. pas{pan), all, + sphygmos, pulse, + graphs, I record.] A form of poly- graph for recording at one time the various forms of pulse — arterial, venous, and cardiac, and also the respiratory movements of the thorax. panspo'roblast [G. pas{pan), all, + sporos, seed, + blastos, germ.] The reproductive area in the myxosporidia containing both vegetative and germinal nuclei. pansporoblas'tic. Referring to a pansporoblast. pansy (pan'zl) [Fr. pensSe, thought, remembrance.] The dried flowering herb of Viola tricolor, hearts- ease; formerly employed as a "blood-purifier" in cutaneous disorders; the root was also used in dysentery. pant [Fr. panieler, to gasp.] To breathe rapidly, to gasp. pantachromatic (pant"S-kro-mat'ik) [G. pas(pant-), all, + a- priv. -I- chroma, color.] Perfectly achromatic. pantalgia (pan-tal'ji-ah) [G. pas (pant-), all, + algos, pain.] Pain involving the entire body. pantamor'phia [G. pas(pant-), all, + a- priv. -I- morphe, shape.] Shapelessness. pantamor'phic. Without form or shape. pan"tanencepha'Ua [G. pas(pant'), all, + o»«- priv + enkephalos, brain.] Absolute anencephalia. pantan"kylobleph'aron [G. pas{pant-), all, + an- kyle, ankylosed joint, + blepharon, eyelid.] Complete adhesion of the eyelids to the eyeball and to each other. pantapho'bia [G. pas(pani-), all, + a- priv. -(- f hobos, fear.] Absolute fearlessness. pantatro'phia, pantat'rophy [G. pas(pant-), all, + atrophia, atrophy.] General atrophy. panther'apist [G. pas(pan), all, + therapeia, treat- ment.] One who is bound by no therapeutic school, but employs every appropriate method of treatment ; an eclectic in the non-technical sense. panthod'ic [G. pas{panl-), all, -I- hodos, way.] Panodic. pan'tograph [G. pas(,pant-), all, -I- graphs, I record.] 1. An instrument for reproducing drawings by a system of levers whereby a recording pencil is made to follow the movements of a stylet passing along the lines of the original. 2. An instrument for reproducing graphically the out- lines of the chest. pantomor'phia [G. pas(pani-), all, + morphi, shape.] I. The condition of an organism, as an amoeba, which is capable of assuming all shapes. 2. Perfect shapeliness or symmetry. pantomor'phic. Capable of assuming all shapes. pantopho'bia [G. pas(pani-), all, + phobos, fear.] A state of general apprehension, or fear of every- thing; panophobia, panphobia. pan'topon [G. pas(pant-), all, + opos, juice.] Trade name of an opium preparation said to represent all the alkaloids of the drug in the form of chlo- rides; dose gr. J(o. 015). ' pantoscop'ic [G. pas^pant-), all, + skopeS, I view.] Fit for observing objects at all distances, noting bifocal lenses. Panum's ca'sein (pah'noom) [Peter Ludwig Panum, Copenhagen physiologist, 1820— 1885.] Serum globulin. panzootic (pan-zo-ot'ik) [G. pas(pan), all, + (e#«-)zootic.l Pandemic* in relation to any of the lower animals. pan'zyme [G. pas(pant-), all, + zyme, leaven ] Trade name of a digestant containing a number of enzymes. pap. A food of soft consistence, like that of bread- crumb soaked in milk or water. papain (pS-pa'jn). A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the fruit of the papaw, Carica papaya; employed in indigestion in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3), and as an application for loosening diphtheritic membranes. Papa'ver [L. poppy.] A genus of plants, one species of which, P. somniferum, furnishes opium. papav'erine. An alkaloid of opium, CjjHjiNO,; narcotic and sedative; dose gr. f— J" (0.01-0.015). papav'eris fruc'tus (N.F.), poppy capsules, the fully grown but unripe fruit of the poppy, Papaver somniferum, from which the seeds have been removed; dose 3i- papaw'. Papaya. papa'ya. Papaw, carica, the juice of the fruit of . Carica papaya, a tree of tropical America; it possesses a proteolytic action and is employed in indigestion in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). papayotin (pS-pa'yo-tin). A proteolytic enzyme from the papaw, resembling papain in its action. pa'per [L. papyrus; G. papyros, the rush.] Charta. I. A square of paper folded over so as to form an envelope containing a dose of any medicinal powder. 2. A piece of blotting-paper or filter- paper impregnated with a medicinal solution and dried; when burned the fumes are inhaled in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory affec- tions. 3. A piece of filter-paper impregnated with a solution of litmus or other test-agent and dried; used as a test of the reaction of a fluid; PAPER 729 PAPPATACI FEVER charta exploratoria, asth'ma p., niter p., or blotting p. impregnated with other substances, the fumes o£ which, when ignited, are inhaled for the relief of the asthmatic paroxysm, blis'ter p., charta epispastica. fil'ter p., an unsized paper used in pharmacy and chemistry for filtering solutions, lit'mus p., a form of test paper. mus'tard p., charta sinapis. ni'ter p., charta potassii nitratis, unsized paper impregnated with potassium nitrate, the fumes of which, when it is burned, are inhaled for the relief of asthma. test p., charta exploratoria. pa'per-sldn. Parchment-skin, papescent (pS-pes'ent) Pap-like, of the consistence of pap. papill'a[L. a nipple.J i. The nipple of the breast; mamilla. 2. Any small nipple-like process, p. acus'tica, the organ of Corti, organon spirale [BNA]. p. circumvalla'ta, p. vallata [BNA]. p. clava'ta, p. fungiformis. p. con'ica [BNA], one of numerous projections on the dorsum of the tongue, scattered among the filiform papi'lae and similar to them, but shorter, p. den'tis [BNA], dentine papilla, a projection of the connective tissue of the jaw into the cup of the enamel organ, later forming the dentine (substantia* eburnea) of the tooth, p. duode'ni [BNA], (i) bile papilla, Vater's papilla, Santorini's p. or caruncula major; a projection from the inner wall of the duodenjim in which is the common orifice of the bile and pancreatic ducts; (2) some anatomists apply the term, p. duodeni or Vater's p. to the elevat on marking the orifice of the accessory pancreatic duct, the bile papilla being called diverticulum duodeni or Vater's diverticulum, p. filia'ria, p. duodeni(i). p. filifor'mis [BNA], one of numerous elongated conical projections on the dorsum of the tongue, especially at the sides and tip. p. folia'ta [BNA], one of numerous projections arranged in several transverse folds upon the lateral margins of the tongue just in front of the ante- rior pillars of the fauces; they are rudimentary in man. p. fungifor'mis [BNA], one of numerous minute elevations on the tip and sides of the tongue, of a fancied mushroom shape, the tip be- ing broader than the base. p. f usif or'mis, one of the minute papilla on the anterior portion of the dorsum of the tongue, p. incisi'va [BNA], p. pala- tina, a slight elevation at the anterior extremity of the raphe of the palate, p. lacrima'Us [BNA], lacrymal papilla, a slight projection from the marginofeacheyelidnear the medial commissure, in the center of which is the punctum lacrimale or opening of the lacrymal duct. p. lenticula'ris [BNA], one of the projections on the dorsum of the tongue, similar to, but less elevated than, the fungiform papilla, p. lingua'lis [BNA], one of numerous variously shaped projections of the corium of the mucous membrane of the dorsum of the tongue, p. mam'mse [BNA], papilla of the. breast, nipple, mamilla, -a. wart-like projec- tion at the apex of the mamma, on the surface of which the lactiferous ducts open; it is sur- rounded by a circular pigmented area, the areola, p. ner'vi op'tici [BNA], papilla of the optic nerve, optic disc, blind spot, a white spot in the retina to the nasal side of the macula lutea, the point of entrance of the optic nerve, p. pala- ti'na, p. incisiva [BNA]. p. Pi'« [BNA], hair papilla, a knob-Kke indentation of the bottom ot the hair follicle, upon which the hair-bulb fits like a cap; it is derived from the corium and con- tains vascular loops for the nourishment of the hair-root. p. rena'Iis [BNA], one of a number of teat-like projections into the sinus of the kidney through which the excretory tubes discharge into the calyces, p. urethra'lis, the slight pro- jection in the vestibule of the vagina marking the urethral orifice, p. valla'ta [BNA], vallate p., circumvallate p., one of eight or ten pro- jections from the dorsum of the tongue forming a row anterior to and parallel with the sulcus terminalis; each papilla is surrounded by a cir- cular trench {fossa) having a slightly raisfed outer wall {vallum); on the sides of the vallate papilla and the opposed margin of the vallum are numerous taste-buds. pap'illary. Relating to, resembling, or provided with papillae, p. lay'er, pars papillaris, the outer layer of the corium, marked on its surface with numerous papillse dovetailing with the corre- sponding depressions on the contiguous surface of the rete Malpighii. papillec'tomy [L. papilla + G. ektome excision.] Surgical removal of any papilla. papillede'ma. Papillitis, choked disc. papillif'erous [L. papilla + ferre, to bear.] Pro- vided with papillae. papiU'iform [L. papilla + forma, form.] Resem- bling or shaped like a papilla. papillitis (pap-il-i'(e')tis). Choked disc, inflam- mation of the optic nerve at its entrance into the retina. papilloadenocystoma (pa-pil"o-ad"e-no-sis-to'mah). A mixed tumor with elements of papilloma, ad- enoma, and cystoma. papillocarcinoma (pa.-pil"o-kar-sI-no'mah) [L. pap- illa + G. karkinoma, cancer.] 1. A papilloma which has become malignant. 2. A carcinoma presenting papillary excrescences. papillo'ma, pi. papillo'mata [L. papilla + G. -oma,] A circumscribed overgrowth or hypertrophy of the papillae of a cutaneous or mucous surface; the papillomata include warts, condylomata, cutaneous horns, and various polypi, intracys'tic p., one growing within a cystic adenoma, filling the cavity with a mass of branching epithelial processes, p. du'rum, a hard p., a wart, com, or cutaneous horn. p. linea're, linear ichthyosis, p. mol'le, soft p., one with but a thin layer of homy epithelium, polypus, condyloma, p. neurop th'- icum or neurot'icum, linear ichthyosis. papillomato'sis. The development of numerous papillomata. papillo'matous. Relating to a papilloma. papilloretinitis (pap"il-o-ret-in-i'(e')tis). Papillitis with extrusion to the optic disc and neighboring parts of the retina. papillula (pa-pil'u-lah). [L. dim. of papilla.'] i. A small papilla. 2. Nipple. Papin's diges'ter (pS-pan') [Denis Papin, French physicist, 1647-17 14.] A metallic vessel with an hermetically tight lid, provided with a safety valve, used for subjecting substances to the action of water at a temperature above 212° F.; it was originally devised to prove that when the pressure on a liquid is raised its boiling point is also pap'oid. A digestive enzyme from the fruit of the papaw, resembling papain and papayotin. pappataci fever (pap-pah-tah'si fe'vur). _ An infec- tious, not contagious, disease occurring in the Balkan Peninsula and other parts of southern Europe; its symptoms resemble those of dengue but~are less severe and of shorter duration; the pathogenic organism is apparently introduced by the bite of a sand-fly, Phlebotomus papatasii. PAPPENHEIM'S METHOD 730 PARACHOLIA Pappenheim's method (pahp'en-him) Arthur Pa'p- penheim, German physician, 1870-1917.] For differentiation between the tubercle bacillus and the smegma bacillus: The preparation is stained with hot carbol-fuchsin solution, and then treated with an alcoholic solution of rosohc acid and methylene blue to which glycerin is added; tubercle bacilli are stained bright red, but smegma bacilli are decolorized. papoose-root (pa-poos'root). Caulophyllum thal- ictroides, blue cohosh. papp'ose, papp'ous [G. pappos, down.] Downy. papp'us [G. pappos, down.] i. Down, the first hair on the chin, appearing in the young man at puberty. 2. In botany the down on a seed. 3. A tuft of hairs representing the calyx in some of the ContpositfB. pap'ula [L.] Papule, pimple, p. mad'idans, soft p., condyloma latum, p. ag'ria, lichen agrius. pap'ular. Relating to or marked with papules. p. fe'ver, a fever of mild type accompanied with rheumatoid pains and a maculopapular eruption. papula'tion. The formation of papules. papule (pap'ul) [L. papula, pimple.] A small cir- cumscribed elevation on the skin, containing no fluid; pimple, dry p., the primary chancrous p. moist p., mucous p., condyloma latum. papuliferous [L. papula, pimple, + ferre, to bear.] Having papules. papuloerythematous (pap"u-lo-er'l-them'a-tus) . Noting' an eruption of papules upon an erythe- matous background. papulosquam'ous. Relating to both papules and scales, noting a cutaneous eruption with those lesions. pap"ulopus'tular. Noting an eruption marked by both papules and pustules. pap"ulovesic'iilar. Noting an eruption marked by both papules and vesicles. papyraceous (pap-i-ra'se-us) [L. papyraceus.'\ Like parchment or paper. Paquelin's cau'tery (pak-lan') [Claude Andr^ Paquelin, Parisian physician, 1836— 1905.] A cauterizing apparatus consisting of a hollow platinum body, in the shape of a knife, needle, ball, etc., which is heated by the forcing into it of a mixture of the vapor of benzin and air. par [L.] A pair, specifically a pair of cranial nerves, as p. nonum, ninth pair (in the modem enu- meration, twelfth pair), p. vagum, the vagus, pneumogastric, or tenth pair. para- [G. alongside of, near.] A prefix denoting (i) a departure from the normal; (2) an involve- ment of two like parts, as the two lower extremi- ties; (3) a compound formed by two substitu- tions in the benzene ring arranged symmetri- cally, i.e. linked to opposite carbon atoms in the ring. para-acetphenetidin (par" ah- a-set"f en-et'I-din) . Phenacetin, acetphenetidinum.* para-ac"etophe"noleth'yl car'bonate. An hypnotic powder, given in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). para-analge'sia. Paranalgesia. para-anesthe'sia, para-anaesthe'sia. Paranesthesia. para-appendicitis (par"ah-a-pen-di-si'(se')tis) [G. para, near, + L. appendix, + G. -itis^ Inflam- mation of the parts in the neighborhood of the vermiform appendix, perityphlitis. paraban'ic acid. Oxalylurea. parabio'sis [G. para, beside, -I- biosis, life.] 1. Union of two organisms in several or all of the vi- tal processes, though not necessarily dependent upon each other for existence, as in the case of joined twins or of the union of two animals experimentally effected. 2. Suspension of con- ductivity in a nerve. parabiotic. Relating to, or characterized by, parabiosis. par'ablast [G. para, beside, -I- blastos, germ.] i. The nutritive or lecithal yolk of a meroblastic ovum. 2. Mesoblast, or that part of it from which the vascular structures are developed. parablas'tic. Relating to or derived from the parablast. parablasto'ma. A tumor formed of structures of parablastic origin. parablep'sia [G. para, beside, -I- blepsis, sight. Incorrect or false vision parabu'Ua [G. para, beside, + boule, will.] Perver- sion of the will. paracantho'ma [G. para, beside, + akantha, a thorn, + -oma.] A tumor arising from abnormal hyper- plasia of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. paracantho'sis. i. The development of paracan- thomata. ■^. A division of tumors which includes the cutaneous epitheliomata. paracar'mine. A staining fluid consisting of a solution of calcium chloride and carminic acid in 75 per cent, alcohol. paracele (par'ah-sel). A lateral ventricle of the brain, paracoele. Paracel'sian meth'od [see Paracelsus.} The use of chemical agents only in the treatment of disease; see iairochemical. Paracel'sus's propri'etary elix'ir [Philippus Aureo- lus Paracelsus (his true name was Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), Swiss physician, the "father" of pharmaceutical chemistry, 1493- 1541.] Tinctura aloes et myrrhae. paracentesis (par"ah-sen-te'sis) [G. para, beside, -I- kenlesis, puncture.] Tapping, the passage into a cavity of a trocar and cannula or other hollow instrument for the purpose of removing fluid. The operation is variously designated, according to the cavity punctured, p. abdom'inis, of the abdomen, p. cap'itis, of the head or skull, ceph- alocentesis. p. cordis, of the heart, cardiocente- sis. p. pericar'dil, of the pericardium, pericardio- centesis, p. pulmo'nis, of the limg, pneumocente- sis. p. thora'cis, of the chest, thoracentesis. p. tym'pani, of the middle ear. p. vesi'cse, of the bladder. paracentetic. Relating to paracentesis. paracen'tral [G. para, beside.] Close to or along- side the center or some structure designated "central." p. fissure, a curved fissure on the mesal surface of the cerebral hemisphere, bound- ing the p. gyrus and separating it from the pre- cuneus and the callosal gyrus. paracephalus [G. para, beside, -)- kephale, head.] A monster with very imperfectly developed cranium, acephalus paracephalus, paracerato'sis. Parakeratosis. parachloralose (par"ah-klo'ral-oz). Betachloralose, occurring in whitish iridescent crystals ; said to be hypnotic. parachlorphenol (par"ah-klor-fe'nol). An anti- septic crystalline substance derived from phenol; recommended in lupus, p. sal'icylate, used as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 15-20 (1.0-1.3). parachlorsal'ol. Parachlorphenol salicylate. paracholera (par-ah-kol'e-rah) [G. para, beside, -H cholera.] A disease clinically resembling Asiatic cholera but due to a vibrio specifically different from V. cholera (Koch). parachoUa (par"ah-kol'I-ah) [G- para, beside, + chole, bile.l The presence of bile in an abnonnal PARACHOLIA 731 PARAFFIN situation, as in the circulating blood or in the lymphatic vessels. parachor'dal [G. para, beside, + chorde, cord.] Alongside the anterior portion of the notochord in the embryo ; noting the two cartilaginous bars on either side, which enter into the formation of the base of the skull. v paiachroia (par-ah-kroy'ah) [G. para, beside, + chroia, color.] Parachroma. parachroma (par"ah-kro'inah) [G. para, beside, + chroma, color.] i. Abnormal coloration of the skin or other parts. 2. Parachroma topsia. parachromatin (par-ah-kro'mcl-tin). The chroma- tin of the spindle-figure in caryocinesia. parachrom^tisin (par-ah-kro'mS-tizm). Color- blindness. parachromatopsia (par-ah-kro-mS-top'sI-ah) [G. para, beside, H- chrdnia{chromat-), color, + opsis, vision.] Color-blindness. parachromatosis (par-ah-kro-mS-to'sis). Para- chroma. parachromophore (par-ah-kro'mo-for) [G. para, beside, + chroma, color, + phoros, bearer.] Ap^g- ment-forming microorganism which retains some or all the chromatic substance within its body. parachymosin (par-ah-ki'mo-sin). A ferment re- sembling chymosin or rennin, a form of lab- ferment. paracinesia, paracinesis (par"ah-sin-e'sl-ah, par"ah- sin-e'sis) [G. para, beside, -I- kinesis, movement.] Any motor abnormality. parac'masis [G. parakrnazo, I am fading.] Paracme. paracmas'tlc. Relating to the paracme, declining, past the prime; noting the stage of subsidence of a fever, or the stage of senescence or physical decline. parac'me [G. para, beyond, + akme, prime.] i. The stage of subsidence of a fever. 2. The period of life beyond the prime, the decline or stage of involution of the organism. paracne'mis, paracne'mion [G. para, beside, -I- kneme, tibia.] The fibula. paracoele (par'ah-sel) [G. para, beside, + koiha, a hollow ] A lateral ventricle of the bram. paracolitis (par-ah-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. para, beside, -f- kdlon, colon, -t- -itis.} Infiammation of the peritoneal coat of the colon. paraco'lon bacill'i. Microorganisms occupying an intermediate place between B. coli and B. typho- pMrcolpitis (par-ah-kbl-pi'(pe')tis) [G. para, beside, -I- kolpos, lap (vagina), -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the cellular tissue alongside the vagma. _ paracol'pium [G. para, beside, + kolpos, vagma.] The tissues alongside the vagina. paracone (par'ah-kon) [G. para, beside, + konos. cone. ] The mesiobuccal cusp of an upper molar pa^aconid (par'ah-kon'id) . The mesiobuccal cusp of a lower molar tooth. paraco'to (N.F.). The bark of an unknown tree of ^ Bolivia, similar, but inferior, to coto bark i em- ployed as an astringent in diarrhea and cholera and in the night sweats of Phthisism doses of gr 2-7i (o . 13-0 . S). or mS (o • 3) of the N.F. fluid palaco'tota '(par-ah-ko'to-in). A bitter principle ' C,,H.O„ obtained from paracoto bark; ha been employed in the treatment of catarrhal gastntis^ diarrhea, and cholera in doses of gr. ii-3 (°-^ 0.2). paracou'sis. Paracusis. paracres'alol. Cresalol. paracre'sol. One of the three isomeric cresols, a solid melting at 36° C. and boiling at 198° C. paracres'ylol. Cresol. paxacrisis (par-ak'ri-sis) [G. para, beside, + krisis, a separating.] Any secretory disorder. paracusia, paracusis (par-ah-ku'sl-ah, par-ah-ku'sis) [G. para, beside, akousis, hearing.] Any abnor- mality, other than simple deafness, in the faculty of hearing, p. willisia'na [see Willis], the ability to hear better in a noise, as that of a railway train. paracyesis (par"ah-si-e'sis) [G. para, beside, + kyesis, pregnancy.] Extrauterine pregnancy. paracys'tic [G. para, beside, -I- kysiis, bladder.] Alongside or near the bladder. paracystitis (par-ah-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. para, beside, + kystis, bladder, -t- -itis.] Inflammation of the connective tissue and other structures about the urinary bladder. paracys'tium [G. para, beside, -I- kystis, bladder.] The tissues adjacent to the urinary bladder. paracy'tic [G. para, beside, -I- kytos, cell.] i. Re- lating to cells other than those normal to the part where they are found. 2. Between or among, but independent of, cells. paradenitis (par-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. para, beside, -f aden, gland, + -itis.] Infiammation of the tissues adjacent to a gland. paradiagnosis (par"ah-di-ag-no'sis) [G. para, be- side.] A nearly correct diagnosis, one that just misses the mark. paradid'ymal. 1. Relating to the paradidymis. 2. Alongside the testicle. paradid'ymis [G. para, beside, + didymos, twin (testis).] [BNA] Organ of Girald^s, parepididy- mis, massa innominata, a small body sometimes attached to the front of the lower part of the spermatic cord above the head of the epididy- mis; the remains of the distal portion of the Wolffian body. paradiphthe'rial, paradiphtherit'ic. Indirectly re- lated to or consequent upon diphtheria. Par'adise Spring, Maine. Neutral waters, 43° F. to4S°F. One spring. Used as a table water. par'adox [G. paradoxos, incredible, beyond belief.] That which is apparently, though not actually, inconsistent with or opposed to the known facts in any case. Weber's p., see Weber. paradox'ical. Relating to a paradox, seemingly inconsistent with the fact. p. contrac'tion, . the contraction of a muscle when its origin and inser- tion are passively approximated. paradysentery (par-ah-dis'en-ter-i) [G. para, be- side.] A mild form of dysentery. paraeccrisis (par-ah-ek'kri-sis) [G. para, beside, -t- ekkrisis. excretion.] Any disorder of excretion. paraenteric fever (par-ah-en-ter'ik fe'vur) [G. para, beside.] A fever clinically resembling typhoid but not giving positive laboratory paraepilepsy (par"ah-ep'i-lep-sl) [G. para, beside.] An undeveloped form of epilepsy m which the attack consists solely of the aura, without gomg on to convulsions or loss of consciousness. para-equiUb'rium [G. para, beside.] Vertigo, often associated with nausea, nystagmus, and muscular weakness, due to irritation of the vestibular apparatus of the ear. parsesthe'sia. Paresthesia. paraffin (par'S-fen) [L. parum, little, + af]ims,h&-v- ine affinity, so called because of its shght tendency to chemical reaction.] 1. One of the methane series of acyclic hydrocarbons. :«. A white, crystalline, solid hydrocarbon; see paraffinum. PARAFFIN 732 PARAINFLUENZAL hardp.,paraffiiiuni(U.S.).paraffinuin(lurum(Br.). liquid p., petrolatum liquidum (U.S.), paraffi- num liquidum (Br.), sof^ p., petrolatum (U.S.), paraffin um molle (Br.). par'affin-can'cer. A malignant growth, analogous to chimney sweeps' cancer, affecting workers in paraffin. paraffino'ma. A hypothetical neoplasm caused by the prosthetic injection of paraffin into the tissues. paraffinuin (par-^-fe'num) [L. parum, little, + affinis, related, very slightly related to, having little affinity for, other substances.] (U.S.) Paraffinum durum (Br.), a, mixture of solid hy- drocarbons of the methane series. A colorless, odorless, and tasteless mass of unctuous feel; employed in surgery by injection (when melted) in order to fill defects and restore the shapeliness of a part. p. Uq'uidum (Br.), petrolatum* liquidum (U.S.). p. mol'le (Br.), petrolatum* (U.S.). parafibrin'ogen. A substance obtained by the pre- cipitation of fibrinogen by means of sodium chloride. paraflagellate (par-ah-flaj'el-at). Having one or more paraflagella, paramastigote. paraflagell'um, pi. paraflagell'a. A minute ac- cessory flagellum sometimes present in addition to the ordinary flagellum of certain protozoans. paraform, paraformaldehyde. Paraformaldehy- dum (U.S.). paraformaldehydum (par-ah-for-mal-de-hi'dum) (U.S.). Paraform, paraformaldehyde, triformol, trioxymethylene (CH20)a; a polymerized formic aldehyde made by the action of heat from formaldehyde; white crystalline powder; anti- septic and astringent, employed in surgical dressings, and internally for diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6); when heated in a suitable lamp it is converted into formaldehyde, and so is used for room disinfection. parafuchsin (par-ah-fook'sin). A basal aniline dye which has been employed in the destruction of spirochetes and trypanosomes. parafunctional (par-ah-fung'shun-al) [G. para, beside.] Noting perversion of function. paragamm'acism [G. para, beside, + gamma, the letter g.] Faulty pronunciation of the sounds of g and k, or their substitution by other letters. paragan'glia [pi. of paraganglion, g.a.] i. Chro- maffin bodies, roundish or oval bodies, with connective-tissue capsule, forming independent groups of chromaffin tissue in various organs and parts of the body, performing probably the same function as the medulla of the adrenal body. 2. Groups of medullary cells in the adrenal bodies. paragang'line. An extract of the medullary sub- stance of the adrenal body of the ox, recommended as a stimulant of peristalsis. paraganglioma (par-ah-gang-gH-o'mah). A new growth arising from the medullary portion of an adrenal gland. paragangUon (par-ah-gang'gle-on) [G. para, beside, + ganglion.'l i. Any structure in the neighbor- hood of, or supplementing, a ganglion. 2. One of the cells in the medullary portion of an adrenal body. 3. The medullary portion of an adrenal body. paragel'atose. A non-gelatinizing substance ob- tained by the superheating or prolonged boiling of gelatin. parageusia (par-ah-ju'sl-ah) [G. ■ para, beside, -1- geusis, taste.] Disordered or perverted sense of taste. parageusic (par-ah-ju'sik). Relating to parageusia, having a perverted sense of taste. paragglutination (par-ag-glu-tin-a'shun). Agglu- tination of typhoid bacilli under the influence of paratyphoid serum, and analogous phenom- ena in other infections. paraglob'ulin [G. para, near, beside, + globulin.] A globulin present in the blood-plasma, lymph, and fluid exudates, precipitated by ammonium or magnesium sulphate ; it has the formula, Cn^ H„,N„SO„-fiHjO. paraglobulinu'ria [paraglobulin -f G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of serum-globulin in the urine paragloss'a [G. para, beside, -t- glossa, tongue.] Enlargement of the tongue. paragloss'ia [G. para, beside, + glossa, tongue.]' Inflammation of the tissues adjacent to the tongue. paragnathus (par-ag-nath'us) [G. para, beside, + gnathos, jaw.] A monster with an accessory lower jaw. paragompho'sis [G. para, beside, -f gomphoo, I nail or bolt.] Impaction of the head of the child in a narrowed parturient canal. paragonimiasis (par"ah-gon-I-mi'a-sis). Infestation with a worm of the genus Paragonimus, es- pecially P. westermanni; distomiasis. PaTagon'imus [O. para, from the side, -I- gonimos, with generative power.] A genus of Trematoda or flukes. P. westeTmanii'i,Disloma westermanni, D. pulmonale, bronchial or lung fluke, infests the lungs of man and many of the lower animals in Eastern Asia, frequently causing hemoptysis. paragonorrhe'al. Indirectly related to or conse- quent upon gonorrhea. paragraphia (par-ah-grafl-ah) [G. para, beside, + grapho, I write.] i. Loss of the power of writing from dictation, although the words are heard and comprehended. 2. Writing one word when another is intended. Paraguay tea (par'ah-gwi). Mat^. parahemoglo'bin, parah»moglo'bin. Trade name of a tonic preparation made from the blood of the ox. parahepat'ic. Adjacent to the liver. parahepatitis (par-ah-hep-5-ti'(te')tis) [G. para, beside, + hepar(hepat-), liver, + -iiis.] Inflam- rnation of structures immediately adjacent to the liver. parahidro'sis. Paridrosis. parahormone (par'ah-hor'mon) [G. para, beside, -t- hormone.] A substance (which is a product of ordinary metabolism and not produced for a specific purpose) which acts like a hormone in modifying the activity of some distant organ; a familiar example is the action of carbon diox- i de on the respiratory center. parahy'dropin. Trade name of a preparation of theobromin, recommended as a diuretic. parahypno'sis [G. para, beside, -I- hypnos, sleep.] Disordered sleep, such as nightmare or somnam- bulism. parahypophysis (par-ah-hi-poph'i-sis) . A small mass of pituitary tissue, or tissue resembling in structure the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, occasionally found in the dura mater lining of the sella turcica. parainfection (par"ah-in-fek'shun). The occurrence of symptoms simulating those of any infectious disease, without the discoverable presence of the specific microorganism. parainfec'tious. Indirectly related to or conse- quent upon an infectious disease. parainfluenzal (par"ah-in-flu-en'zal). Indirectly re- lating to or cnnc*artiior,f ..^....^ :«fl PARAIODOXYANISOL 733 PARALYSIS paraiodoxyanisol (par-ah-i"o-doks-J-an'J-sol) . Iso- form. Paraiso Hot Springs, California (par-ah-e'so). Saline-sulphureted, sulphated-saline, and chal- ybeate waters, ioo° F. to 118° F. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing in various disorders. parakerato'sis [G. para, beside, + keras(kerat-), horn, + -osis.l Any disease or abnormal growth of the corneous layer of the epidermis, p. psori- asifoi'mis, a form marked by the presence of scabs resembling those of psoriasis, p. scutu- la'ris, a disease of the scalp marked by epidermic scales encircling the hairs, p. variega'ta, macu- lopapular erythrodermia, parapsoriasis. parakine'sia, parakine'sis. Paracinesia. paralac'tic acid. Sarcolactic acid, a dextrorotatory form of lactic acid sometimes excreted in the urine after severe muscular exercise. parala'lia [G. para, beside, + lalia, talking.] Any speech defect, especially one in which one letter is habitually substituted for another, p. litera'lis, stammering. paralambdacisni (par-ah-lam'dah-sizm) [G. para, beside, + lambda, letter 1.] Mispronunciation of the letter 1, or the substitution of some other letter for it. paralbu'min. An albuminous substance, a mixture of metalbumin and semm-albumin, found in the fluid of ovarian cysts and in ascites. paraldehyde, paraldehydum (par-al'de-hid, par-al"de- hi'dum). (U.S., Br.) A colorless liquid of strong odor and burning taste prepared by treat- ing aldehyde with hydrochloric acid; formula, C6H12O3; hypnotic in doses of 3i~2 (4.0-8.0). paral'dol. A solid polymer of aldol. paraleprosis (par-ah-lS-pro'sis) [G. para, beside.] The presence of certain trophic or nerve changes suggesting an attenuated form of leprosy in regions where the disease has long prevailed. paralepsy (par'ah-lep-sl) [G. para, beside, + {epij- lepsy.] Psycholepsy. paralexia (par"ah-leks'I-ah) [G. para, beside, + lexis, speech; confused with the Latin root in legere, to read.] Misapprehension of written or printed words, other meaningless words being substituted for them in reading. paralgesia (par"al-je'zJ-ah) [G. para, beside, + algesis, the sense of pain.] Any disorder or abnormality of the sense of pain, painful paresthesia. paral'inin. Achromatin, nucleoplasm, caryochy- lema. parallag'ma [G. something passing alongside.] Displacement or overriding of the ends of a broken bone. parallac'tic. Relating to a parallax. par'allaz. 1. The apparent movement of objects due to movement of the observer. 2. The apparent movement of an object when one eye is closed, crossed p., heteronymous p. direct' p., homonymous p. heteron'ymous p., the apparent movement of an object toward the closed eye, homon'ymous p., the apparent movement of an object toward the open eye when one is closed, p. meth'od, localization of a foreign body by observation of the shadow upon the fluoroscopic screen while the tube is moving at determined distances from the body. paralo'gia, paral'ogism, paral'ogy [G. para, beside, -1- logos, reason.] False reasoning, themat'ic p., false reasoning in relation chiefly to one theme or subject, upon which the mind dwells msist- ently. paral'ysin. Agglutinin. paral'ysis [G.] 1. Akinesia, acinesia, palsy, loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or dispase of its nerve supply. 2. Anesthesia, loss of sensation in a part. 3. Loss of any function, as of secretion or of mental action, acous'tic p., nervous deafness, acute ascend'ing p., Landry's p. , a p. of rapid course, be- ginning in the legs and involving progressively the trunk, arms, and neck, ending usually in death in from one to three weeks, acute atroph'ic p., infantile p., poliomyelitis* anterior, acute' inf ec'tious p., acute anterior poliomyelitis.* ante'- rior spinal p., poliomyelitis anterior, ascend'ing p., p. which advances progressively from the periph- ery toward the nerve center, or from the lower toward the upper portions of the body, asthen'ic bulbar, or bulbospi'nal p., myasthenia gravis. atroph'ic spinal p., poliomyelitis anterior, bulbar p., progressive bulbar p. central p., p. due to a lesion in the brain or spinal cord, compres'sion p., p. due to compression of a nerve, usually of the arm, due to prolonged pressure, as during sleep, or from, the pressure of a crutch, etc. crossed p., p. affecting one side of the face and the other side of the body, crutch p., a form of compression p. decu'bitus p., a form of com- pression p. due to pressure on a limb during sleep, diphtherit'ic p. postdiphtheritic p. diver's p., caisson disease, epidem'ic p., acute anterior poliomyelitis.* essen'tial p. of chil'dren, acute anterior poliomyelitis.* facial p.. Bell's palsy, p. of the facial nerve, gen'eral p. of the insane', general paresis.* gloss"ola"biolaryn'geal p., gloss"ola"biopharyn'geal p., progressive bulbar p. in'fantile spi'nal p., acute anterior poliomyelitis. labial p., bulbar p. lead p., lead palsy.* morn'- ing p., infantile paralysis in which the stage of fever is slight or absent, a child being put to bed well and waking up paralyzed, musculospi'ral p., p. of the muscles of the forearm due to injury of the radial (musculospiral) nerve. myogen'ic p., acute anterior poliomyelitis.* obstet'ric p., birth palsy, p. of the newborn due to injury received during childbirth, p. ag'itans, Parkinson's disease, shaking palsy, a disorder marked by muscular weakness, stiffness, and tremor, with paresthesias, myalgic or neuralgic pains, and a feeling of nervousness or restlessness. p. vacil'lans, chorea, postdiphtherit'ic p., p. affect- ing the uvula most frequently, but also any other muscles, due to toxic neuritis; it comes on, as a rule, in the second or third week following the beginning of the attack of diphtheria, posti'- cus p., p. of the posterior cricothyroid muscles in tabes dorsalis. progres'sive bul'bar p., glosso- labiolaryngeal p., glossolabiopharyngeal p., Du- chenne's p., a progressive atrophy and paraly- sis of the muscles of the tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, and larynx, occurring in later life and due to atrophic degeneration of the nuclei, in the medulla oblongata, of the nerves supplying these muscles, pseudobulbar p., p. of the lips and tongue, simulating progressive bulbar p., but due to a cerebral lesion, pseudohyper- troph'ic p., Duchenne's disease, a malady of child- hood, marked by progressive muscular atrophy in which an appearance of hypertrophy is given by a deposit of fat taking the place of the wasted muscles, spas'tic spi'nal p., Little's disease, a congenital sclerosis of the lateral columns of the spinal cord, causing rigidity of the muscles of the extremities, with atrophy and paresis and exag- gerated reflexes, wasting p., progressive muscu- lar atrophy.* PARALYSIS 734 PARANESTHESIA arm, brachioplegia. bilateral, diplegia. bladder, cystoparalysis, cystoplegia, cystoplexia. crossed, stauroplegia. diaphragm, phrenoplegia, phrenoparal- ysis. extremities, acroparalysis. eye muscles, ophthal- moplegia (extrinsic), cycloplegia (intrinsic), facial, prosoplegia, prosopoplegia. Bell's palsy, mimic paraly- sis, hemiprosoplegia (of one side) . false, pseudoparaly- sis, pseudoplegia. fauces, isthmoplegia. heart, cardio- plegia, heart-failure. hysterical, pseudopar lysis, pseudoplegia. intestine, enteroparalysis, enteroplegia. kidney function, nephroparalysis, nephroplegia. lar- ynx, laryngoparalysis, laryngoplegia. lead, wrist-drop , saturnine paralysis, plumbism. lower extremities, paraplegia, paraparesis, muscular, myoparalysis, myoplegia, nerve, neuroparalysis, one extremity, monoplegia, one lower extremity, hemiparaplegia. one-sided, hemiplegia, hemiplexia, semisideratio. pharynx, pharyngolysis, pharyngoparalysis, jjharyngo- plegia. rectum, proctoparalysis, proctoplegia, slignt, paresis, stomach, gastroparalysis, gastroplegia. tongue, glossoplegia. uterus, metroparalysis. paralyt'ic. i. Relating to paralysis. 2. A per- son suffering from paralysis. par'alyzant. i. Causing paralysis. :<. Any agent, such as curare, which causes paralysis. par'alyze. To produce paralysis in. paralyzer (par'al-i-zer). i. Anything causing par- alysis. 2. Any substance inhibiting a chemical reaction. paramagnet'ic. Having the property of paramag- netism. paramag'netism. The property of being magnetic, as shown by assuming a position parallel with a line drawn between the two poles of a magnet. paramastigote (par"-ah-mas'ti(-got) [G. para, alongside of.] A mastigote having two flagella, one long and one short. paramastitis (par-ah-mas-ti'(te')tis) [G. para, beside, + tnastos, breast, + -iiis.'] Inflammation of the tissues adjacent to the mamma. paramas'toid [G. para, beside.] Near the mastoid process, p. process, an anomalous elevation or process springing from the under surface of the extremity of the jugular process of the occipital bone and occasionally articulating with the trans- verse process of the atlas; in man it is an exag- geration of the prominence found here, the in- trajugular eminence, but is normally present in certain animal skulls. Parame'ciuni [G. paramekes, rather long.] A genus of infusorians, the members of which are of rather elongated form and some of large size even visible to the naked eye. parame'dian. Near the middle line. parame'nia [G. para, beside, men, month.] Any disorder or irregularity of menstruation. parameningococcus (par"ah-men-in-go-kok'us). A microorganism resembling morphologically the Diplococcus intracellularis, but differing from it biologically, and also resistant to the action of antimeningitis serum. parame'sial. Paramedian. paramet'ric. Relating to the parametrium, or structures immediately adjacent to the uterus. parametris'mus [parametrium + G. trismus, a creaking.] Painful spasm of the muscular fibers in the broad ligaments. parametrit'ic. Relating to parametritis. parametritis (par-ah-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. para, be- side, -f- meira, uterus, + -itis^ Inflammation of the cellular tissue adjacent to the uterus ; pelvic cellulitis, poste'rior p., pelvic cellulitis involving mainly the uterosacral ligaments. parame'trium [G. para, beside, + meira, uterus.] The connective tissue and fat along the sides of the cervix uteri in the folds of the broad ligament, together with the pelvic fascia investing the uterus. paramim'ia [G. para, beside, + mimia, imitation.] The use of gestures unsuited to the words which they accompany. paramitome (par-am'I-tom) [G. para, beside, -|- mitos, thread.] Hyaloplasm, paraplasm, the fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell. paramnesia (par-am-ne'sl-ah) [G. para, beside, + amnesia, forgetfulness.] A disorder of memory in which real facts and imaginings are inextricably confused. Paramceba (par-S-me'bah). A genus of protozoa of the order Gymnamcebida. P. hom'inis, Craigia kominis, a species which has been found in the stools in severe cases of diarrhea in the Philip- pines; its pathogenicity is, however, uncertain. Paramoe'cium. An incorrect spelling of Parame- cium, paiamonochlorphenol (par"ah-mon'o-klor-f e'nol) . A crystalline antiseptic compound used as an ap- plication in inflammation of the respiratory pas- sages in 5 to 25 per cent, solution. paramor'phia [G. para, beside, -f morphe, shape.] Any abnormality in form or structure. paramor'phine. Thebaine. paramu'cin [G. para, beside, + mucin.1 A glyco- protein found in ovarian and certain other cysts, like mucin insoluble in water, tut unlike mucin precipitated by tannin. paramu'sia [G. para, beside, + mousa, muse.] Loss of the ability to read or to render music correctly. paramyoclonus (par"ah-mi-ok'lo-nus) [G. para, be- side, + mys, muscle, -t- klonos, a tumtilt.] An affection characterized by sharp frequently re- peated clonic muscular contractions in the corre- sponding muscles of opposite sides of the body; called also p. multiplex, myoclonia, and polyclonia. paramyosinogen (par"ah-mi-o-sin'o-jen) [G. para, beside, -I- m-yosin + G. gennao, I produce.] v. Furth's myosin, a coagulable globulin, constitut- ing about 20 per cent, of the protein of muscle plasma. paramyotonia (par"ah-mi-o-to'nI-ah). An atypical form of myotonia.* atax'ic p., a disorder char- acterized by a tonic muscular spasm on attempted ■movement, associated with slight paresis and ataxia, congen'ital p., a familial disease in which tonic muscular spasms, especially of the face, are excited by exposure to cold, symptomafic p., a temporary rigidity of the muscles when first attempting to walk, noted in certain cases of paralysis agitans. paranalge'sia [G. para, beside, + analgesia.] Analgesia affecting the two lower extremities. parane'a. Paranoia. paraneph'rin. Trade name of an extract of the adrenal glands; a yellow friable mass, soluble in water; causes co traction of the arterioles and raises blood-pressure; employed in internal hemorrhages in doses of IK8-15 (0.5-1.0) of a i-iooo aqueous solution, and locally to blanch and arrest hemorrhage from the mucous mem- branes. paranephritis (par-ah-ne-fri'(fre')tis.] [G. para, beside, -I- nephros, kidney, + -itis.] i. Inflam- mation of the suprarenal body. 2. Inflamma- tion of the connective tissue surrounding the kidney, perinephritis. paraneph'ros [G. para, beside, + nephros, kidney.] The suprarenal or adrenal body. paranesthesia, paranaesthesia (par"an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. para, beside, + anaisthesia, insensibility.] Anesthesia affecting corresponding parts on the two sides of the body, especially the lower ex- tremities. i'AKAJNl!>UK.AL, 73S PARAPLEGIA paraneu'ral [G. para, beside, + neuron, nerve.] Near or alongside a nerve. parangi (par-ang'ge). A disease of the skin occur- ring in Ceylon, thought to be the same as yaws. paranoe'a. Paranoia. paranoe'ac. Paranoiac. paranoe'ic. Relating to paranoea, or paranoia. paranoia (par"ah-noy'ah) [G, derangement, mad- ness; from para, beside, -I- noeo, I think.] A functional mental disorder marked by the pres- ence of systematized delusions without other symptoms of insanity; it begins usually in the middle twenties and in subjects in whom there is some hereditary psychopathic or neuropathic taint, acute' hallu'cinatory p., a form in which there are interjected periods of hallucinations in addition to the systematized delusions, heb'oid p., dementia paranoides, p. origina'ria, a form occurring in children, p. quse'rula, a morbid state characterized by discontent and the dis- position to complain of imaginary slights. paranoiac (par"ah-noy'ak). i. Relating to or affected with paranoia. 2. A person suffering from paranoia. par'anoid. Resembling paranoia. paranoidism (par-ah-noyd'izm). The paranoiac character; the condition of one suffering from paranoia. parano'mia [G. para, beside, + onoma, name.] A form of aphasia in which objects are called by the wrong names. paranuclear (par-ah-nu'kle-ar). i. Paranucleate a. Outside of, but near the nucleus. paranu'cleate. Relating to or having a paranucleus. paianuclein (par-ah-nu"kle-in). Nucleoalbumin. paranucleolus (par-ah-nu-kle'o-lus). A minute baso- phile particle in the envelope of the nucleus. paranucleoprotein (par-ah-nu"kle-o-pro'te-in1. Nu- cleoalbumin. paranu'cleus. An accessory nucleus, or small mass of chromatin lying outside of. though near, the nucleus. paraomphal'ic [G. para, beside, + omphalos, um- bilicus.] Alongside of or near the umbilicus paraumbilical. paraop'eratlve [G. para, beside.] Relating to the accessories of an operation, the preparation of the patient, asepsis, selection and care of the instru- ments, etc. parapancreatic (par"ah-pan-kre-at'ik) [G. para, beside, + pankreas.] Near or alongside of the pancreas. parapar'esis [G. para, beside, -1- paresis.] A slight degree of paralysis, affecting the lower ex tremities. paraparisol (par-ah-par'i-sol). An antiseptic prod- uct similar to parisol. parapede'sis [G. para, beside, -t- pedesis, deflection.] Excretion or secretion through an abnormal channel. parapep'tone. An albuminoid resulting from the incomplete proteolysis of albumin, intermediate between that and peptone; it is obtained by ar- resting the artificial digestion of a protem by neutralizing the previously acid pepsin so- lution. . „ i .J c paraperitoneal (par"ah-per"J-to-ne'al). Outside of or alongside the peritoneum, p. her'nia, hernia of the bladder in which the protruded portion of the viscus is only partially covered by the peritoneal sac. . . parapestls (par-ah-pes'tis) [G. para, beside, +_L. testis, plague.] Pestis minor (2), climatic bubo. paraphasia (par'a-fa'zl-ah) [G. para, beside, + phasis, declaration.] Jargon, a form of aphasia in which the patient has lost the power of speaking correctly, although words are heard and compre- hended; he substitutes one word for another, and jumbles his words and sentences in such a way as to make his speech unintelligible. parapha'sic. Relating to or suffering from para- phasia. paraphemia (par"a-fe'ml-ah) [G. para, beside, -t- pheme, speech.] A form of aphasia in which the patient constantly employs the wrong words. paraph'ia [G. para, beside, + haphe, touch.] Any disorder of the sense of touch paraphimosis (par"ah-fi-mo'sis) [G. para, beyond, + phimosis, a stoppage.] i . Constriction of the glans penis by a foreskin, with narrow orifice, which has been retracted behind the corona and cannot be drawn forward, a. A retraction of the lid behind a protruding eyeball. ' paraphobia (par-ah-fo'bi-ah) [G. para, beside, + phobos, fear.] A mild degree of phobia, in which there is an indisposition or hesitancy to perform certain acts, remain in certain places, etc., but not an absolute impossibility of so doing or being. parapho'nia [G. para, beside, + phone, voice.] Any disorder of the voice, especiallya change in its tone. paraph'ora [G. derangement.] Mental disturbance of slight degree. paraphosphoric acid (par"ah-fos-for'ik as'id) [G. para, beside.] See phosphoric* acid. paraphrasia (par-S-fra'zI-ah) [G. para, beside, + phrasis, speech.] Paraphasia. paraphre'nia [G. para, beside, + phren, mind.] i. Disordered intellection, intellectual insanity. 2. Paraphrenitis. paraphrenitis . (par-ah-fre-ni'(ne')tis) [G. para, beside, + phren, diaphragm, + -ids.] Inflam- mation of the connective tissue or other struc- tures adjacent to the diaphragm. paraph'ysis [G. an offshoot.] In botany, a sterile filament or narrow band of cells accompanying the sexual organs in cryptogamous plants. par'aphyte [G. para, beside, -1- phyton, plant.] An outgrowth, a vegetation. paraphy'ton [Q.-para, beside, + phyton, plant.] A vegeta le parasite parapineal (par-ah-pin'e-al) [G. para, alongside.] Beside the pineal, noting the visual or photo- receptive portion of the pineal body present, if not functioning, in certain lizards. par'aplasm [G. para, beside, + plasma, a thing formed.] i. Paramitome, hyaloplasm. 2. A malformation. Paraplasma flavigenum (par-ah-plaz'mah flS.- vij'e-num). Seidelin* body. paraplas'tic. Relating to a paraplasm (2), mis- shapen, deformed. paraplas'tin. A substance, occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm, related to parachromatin. . paraplec'tic [G. paraplektikos, paralyzed.] Para- plegic. paraplegia (par-ah-ple'ji-ah) [G. para, beside, -t- pUge, a stroke.] Paralysis of both lower extremities and also of more or less of the trunk. atax'ic p., progressive ataxia and paresis of the leg muscles due to sclerosis of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, congen'- ital spastic p., in'fantile spastic p., a spastic paralysis of the lower extremities occurring in the infant, due to meningeal hemorrhage fol- lowing injury at birth, a form of obstetric paralysis or birth palsy, p. doloro'sa, painful p., paralysis of the lower extremities PARAPLEGIA 736 PARASOL INSERTION in which the affected parts, in spite of loss of motion and sensation, are the seat of excru- ciating pain; it occurs in certain cases of cancer of the spinal cord. Pott's p., paralysis of the lower part of the body and the extreniities, due to pressure on the spinal cord in Pott's disease of the spine, se'nile p., (i) simple weakness of the lower extremities, without atrophy or changes in the reflexes, occurring in the aged; (2) an acute p. due to hemorrhage or throm- bosis of the spinal arteries; (3) a slowly devel- oping paralysis of the lower, eventually of the upper, extremities, with involvement of the sphincters, due to softening of the anterior cor- nua of the spinal cord in the aged, spastic p., paresis of the lower extremities with increased irritability and spasmodic contraction of the muscles: spastic spinal paralysis, lateral sclerosis. supe'riorp., paralysis of both arms. tet'anoJd p., spastic spinal paralysis. paraple'gic. Relating to or suffering from paraplegia. paraple'giform [paraplegia + L. forma, form.] Resembling peraplegia. parapleuritis (par-ah-plu-ri'(re')tis) [G. para, beside, + pleura, rib, + -itis.'] Inflammation of the thoracic wall. paraplez'us [G. para, beside.] The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. parapneumonia (par"ah-nu-mo'nl-ah). A variety of pneumonia, simulating croupous pneumonia, but not due to the presence of the pneumococcus. parapophysis (par"a-pof'i-sis) [G. para, beside, -I- apophysis, an offshoot.] A secondary and sUghtly developed process sometimes present in front of the transverse process of a- vertebra; in some animals it is normally present and of consid- erable size and strength. parap'oplexy. Pseudoapoplexy, a condition of partial stupor simulating a mild apoplectic attack. paraprax'ia (par-S-praks'I-ah) [G. para, beside, + praxis, a doing.] A condition analogous to paraphasia and paragraphia in which there is a defective performance of certain purposive acts. paraproctitis (par-ah-prok-ti'(te')tis) [G. para, beside, + prokios, anus, + -itis.l Inflammation of the cellular tissue surrounding the rectum. paraproc'tiuin [G. para, beside, + proktos, anus.] The cellular tissue surrotmding the recttim. parap'sia [G. para, beside, + hapsis, touch.] Par- aphia. parapsoriasis (par-ah-so-ri'a-sis) [G. para, beside, near.] Erythroderma squamosum, maculopapu- lar erythrodermia, parakeratosis variegata; a term applied by Brocq to a group of scaly derma- toses having certain characteristics in common yet differing from each other in appearance. parapycnomorphous (par"ah-pik-no-mor'fus) [G. para, aside, + pyknos, thick, + morphe, form, shape.] Noting a cell or other structure which stains fairly well yet not markedly ; one which is neither frankly pycnomorphous nor apycnomor- phous. paraqueduct (par-ak'we-dukt) [G. para, beside, + L. aqumductus, aqueduct.] A lateral extension of the aquaeductus cerebri. pararec'tal. i. Alongside the rectum, a. Along- side or near a rectus muscle. pararedu'cine. An alkaloid or leucomaine found, together with reducine, in the urine. parareg'ulin. Trade name of a laxative prepara- tion said to be composed of paraffin and cascara sagrada. pararhotacism (par"ah-ro'tah-sizm) [G. para, beside, -f rho, letter r.] Mispronunciation of the letter r. pararosan'iline. Parafuchsin, a synthetic dyt employed experimentally in the treatment of certain forms of trypanosomiasis. parar'thria [G. para, beside, -I- arthron, articulation.] A faulty mode of articulating. parasa'cral. Alongside the sacrum. parasalpingitis (par-ah-sal-pin-ji'(je')tis) [G. para, beside, + salpinx(salping-), trumpet, + -itis.] Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the Fallopian or the Eustachian tube. parasecre'tion. Paracrisis, pareccrisis. paraserum reaction (par-ah-se'rum re-ak'shun). Paragglutination. parasig'matism [G. para, beside, -f sigma, letter s.] Mispronunciation of the letter s ; lisping. parasinoidal (par-ah-si-noy'dal) [G. para, beside, -f- L. sinus.] In the immediate neighborhood of a sinus in any sense, but particularly of a cerebral sinus. parasite (par'S-sIt) [G. parasites, a guest; para, be- side, + sitos, food.] 1. An animal or vegetable organism which lives on or in another and draws its nourishment therefrom. 2. In the case of a fetal inclusion or double monster, the more or less incomplete twin which derives its support from the other, the latter being called the autosite. commen'sal p., see commensal, fac'ultative p., an organism which may lead an independent existence or live as a parasite, according to cir- cumstances; opposed to obligate p. inciden'tal p., one which normally lives on another than its present host, in'quiline p., see inquiline. ob'li- gate p., one which cannot lead an independent non-parasitic existence ; opposed to facultative p. specif'ic p., one which habitually lives on its present host. parasit'ic. i. Relating to, or of the nature of a parasite. 2. Noting microorganisms which nor- mally grow only in or on the living body. parasiticide [L. parasiius, parasite, 4- ccedere, to kill.] I. Destructive to parasites. 2. An agent which destroys parasites. parasit'ifer [L. parasitus, parasite, + ferre, to bear.] The host of a parasite; in teratology, the autosite. par'asitism. 1. Infestation with parasites. 3. The mode of existence of parasites. par'asitize. To invade as a parasite. par'asitogen'ic [G. parasites, parasite, -1- gennao, I produce.] 1. Noting the conditions or circum- stances favorable to parasitism. 2. Caused by parasites. parasitol'ogist. One who is versed in the science of parasitology. parasitol'ogy [G. parasiios, parasite, -I- -logia.] The branch of zoology and of medicine which treats of parasitism in all its relations. parasitophobia (par-ah-sit'o-foTDi-ah) [G. parasitos, parasite, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of parasites. parasi otropic (par'a-si-to-trop'ik) [G. parasitos, parasite, + tropikos, noting a turn.] Attracted by a parasite, noting especially certain substances which act chiefly or exclusively upon micropara- sites present in the body tissues or fluids. parasitot'ropy [G. parasitos, parasite, -I- trope, a turning.] In chemotherapy, the affinity of a remedy for the pathogenic parasites, as distin- guished from organotropy.* par'asol inser'tion. A form of attachment of the umbilical cord to the placenta, in which the vessels of the cord separate at a short distance from the placenta and pass to different points of JfAXASUL, IJNSJiXTlUJN 737 PARAXON, PARAXONE insertion somewhat like the ribs of an open parasol or umbrella. paraspa'dia, paiaspa'dias [G. paraspad, I draw aside.] A condition in which there is a lateral opening into the urethra. par'aspasm [G. para, beside, + spasmos, spasm.] I. Spastic paraplegia. 2. Muscular spasm in- volvingthe lower extremities. paraspecfl'ic. Possessing an action other than, and in addition to, the specific one ; as the apparently- curative action of diphtheria antitoxin in other affections than diphtheria. parastata (par-as'ta-tah) [G. para, beside, + his- temi, I am placed.] i. The prostate gland. 2. The epididymis, p. adenoi'des, prostate, p. ciisoi'des, epididymis, p. glandulo'sa, prostate. p. varico'sa, (i) oviduct; (2) epididymis. parasteato'sis [para, beside, + stear(sieai-), tallow.] Any disorder of the sebaceous secretions. paraster'nal [G. para, beside, + L. sternum.] A- longside the sternum. paiastru'ma. A goitrous tumor due to enlarge- ment of a parathyroid gland. parasympathetic system (par-ah-sim-p&-thet'ik sis'tem) [G. para, beside.] Autonomic nervous system. parasynanchy (par-ah-sin-an'ke) [G. parasynanche, sore throat.] Rheumatic inflammation of the muscles of the throat. parasynap'sis [G. para, beside, + synapsis, a binding together.] Union of chromosomes side to side in the process of "reduction." parasynovitis (par-ah-si-no-vi'(ve')tis) [G. para, beside, + L. synovia + G. -itis.] Inflammation of the tissues immediately adjacent to a joint. parasyphilis (par"ah-sif'i-lis) [G. para, beside.] Any affection indirectly due to syphilis, such as, pre- sumably, tabes dorsalis. parasyphilit'ic. Noting certain diseases supposed to be indirectly due to syphilis, though presenting none of the recognized anatomicopathological lesions of that infection; tabes dorsalis and progressive general paralysis are among these. parasyphilo'sis. Parasyphilis. parasystole (par-ah-sis'to-le) [G. para, beside.] An interval of rest of unusual dxiration following the cardiac systole. paratar'sium [G. para, beside, + tarsos, tarsus.] The connective tissue of the tarsus of the foot. paratere"seoma'nia [G. paraieresis, a watching for, + mania, frenzy.] Inquisitiveness carried to the point of insanity. paraterm'inal bod'y. The area extending backward from the olfactory peduncle to the lamina terminalis and upward between the callosum and hippocampal commissure. parathymia (par-ah-thi-nu-ah) [G. para, beside, -|- -tkymia.] Misdirection of the emotional fac- ulties, disordered emotivity; impulsive insanity. parathy'roid [G. para, beside.] 1. Adjacent to the thyroid gland 2. A parathyroid gland, glan- dida* parathyreoidea. parathyroidec'tomy [parathyroid + ektome, excision.] Excision of the parathyroid glands. parathyroidin (par-ah-thi'roy-din). Trade name of an extract of the parathyroid glands. par'atoloid, paratoloi'din. Tuberculin. parato'nia [G. para, beyond, -I- ionos, tension.] Superextension, extension beyond the normal limit. parat'ophan. Trade name of a methyl derivative of atophan, crystallizing in yellowish needles, recommended as a substitute for atophan because of its tastelessness. 47 paratox'in. A mixture of cholesterin and biliary extract with petroleum ether; has been employed hypodermically in the treatment of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. paratrichosis (par-ah-tri-ko'sis) [G. para, beside, -H trichosis, making or being hairy.] Any disorder in the growth of the hair, as regards location or quantity. paratrimma (par-ah-trim'ah) [G. para, beside + tribo, I rub.] Intertrigo; chafing. paratrip'sis [G. para, beside, -f tripsis, rubbing.] I. Chafing. 2. Retardation of catabolism or tissue waste. paratrip'tic. 1. Causing or caused by chafing. 2. Retarding catabolic processes. 3. An agent, such as coffee, which retards tissue waste. paratro'phia. Dystrophy. paratroph'ic [G. para, beside, + trophe, nourish- ment.] Deriving sustenance from living organic material ; parasitic ; see metatrophic, prototrophic. parat'rophy. Dystrophy. paratuberculo'sis [G. para, beside, + tuberculosis.} I. A condition marked by symptoms of tuber- culosis, in which the presence of the tubercle bacillus cannot be demonstrated; due possibly to the action of the toxins remaining from a previous infection or derived from without. 2. Tubercu- lide, a scrofulous eruption; an inflammatory lesion of the skin due to the action of tuberculous toxin in the blood. paratuber'culous. Relating to paratuberculosis. paratyphlitis (par-ah-ti-ili'(fle')tis) [G. para, beside, + typhlon, cecum, -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the connective tissue adjacent to the cecum. paratyp'ic, paratyp'ical [G para, beside, + typos, type.] Deviating more or less from a ype. para^'phoid [G. para, beside.] Resembling in some respects, yet not the same as, typhoid; noting a fever and the bacilli causing it. p. bacill'us. Bacillus paraiyphosus. p. fe'ver, an acute infec- tious disease with symptoms and lesions resem- bling those of typhoid fever, though milder in character; it is associated with the presence of the paratyphoid bacillus, of which at least two varieties (types A and B) have been described. paraumbilical [G. para, beside, -I- L. umbilicus. Paraomphalic, near the umbilicus. paraundulant fever (par-ah-un'du-lant fe'vur) [G. para, beside.] A fever resembling undulant fever, either an attenuated form of this disease or possibly a distinct affection, bearing a relation to it similar to that borne by paratyphoid to typhoid fever. paraure 'thral [G. para, beside, + ourethra urethra.] Alongside the urethra. paravaginal (par-ah-vajl-nal) [G. para, beside, + L. vagina.] Alongside of the vagina. paravaginitis (par-ah-vaj-in-i'(e')tis) [G. para, beside, -I- L. vagina^ Inflammation of the cellular issue alongside the vagina. paraver'tebral [G. para, near, beside, -I- L. vertebra.] Alongside a vertebra or the spinal column, p. trl'angle, Grocco's* triangle. paraves'ical [G. para, beside, -I- L. vesica, bladder.] Paracystic, p. pouch, the lateral portion of the uterovesical pouch. paraxanthine (par-ah-zan'thin). A xanthine base, CjHgNjOj, sometimes found in the urine, and formed in excess in cases of gout. paraz'ial [G. para, beside, + axis.] By the side of the axis of any body or part. paraz'on, parax'one [G. para, beside, 4- axon, axis.] A collateral branch of a neuraxon of a cell of the first type, or of Deiters, given off at a right angle. PARAXON, PARAXONE 738 PARIETARIA not forming an arborization, but often in rela- tion with the dendraxon of a cell of the second type, or of Golgi. Parazoa (par-ah-zo'ah) [G. para, beside, + zoa, pi. of zoon, animal.] One of the three groups into which the animal kingdom is divided; it includes only one phylum, the Porifera, or sponges. arazoon (par-ah-zo'on) [G. para, beside, + zoon, animal.] i. An animal parasite. 2. An indi- vidual of the group Parazoa. parch'ment crack'ling. The sensation as of the crackling of stiff paper or parchment, noted on palpation of the skull in cases of craniotabes. p.- skin, a dry whitish condition of the skin in cattle, occurring sometimes as a symptom in verminous bronchitis. Pardan'thus [G. pardos, leopard, -I- anthos, flower.] A genus of plants of the order Iridece, in eastern Asia. The sole species, P. sinen'sis, blackberry lily, is the source of a laxative largely used in China and India. ParS's su'ture (pS-ra') [Ambroise Pari, French surgteon who introduced the method of ligation of arteries, instead of cauterizing them, after amputation, 1510-1590.] The approximation of the edges of a wound by pasting strips of cloth to the surface and stitching them instead of the skin parecta'sia, parec'tasis [G. para, beside, -I- ekiasis, extension.] Extreme distention of a cavity or other part. parectropia (par-ek-tro'pi-ah) [G. para, beside, + ek, out of -1- tropos, a turning. ] Apraxia. paregor'ic, paregortc elix'ir [G. paregorikos, sooth- ing.] Tmctura oamphorae composita (Br.), tinc- tura opii camphorata (U.S.). pareira (par-a'-J-rah) (N.F., Br.). Pareira brava, the root of Chondrodendron tomentosum, a vine of tropical America : employed as a diuretic in doses of 5i (30.0) of an infusion of the strength of i ounce to the pint. parelectronom'ic [G. para, beside, + elektron + nomas, law.] Not subject to the laws of electric- ity, is. not excited by an electric stimulus. parencepha'lia [G. para, beside, + enkephalos, brain.] A condition of imperfect cerebral development. parencephalitis (par-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [parenceph- alon + G. -itis.'] Inflammation of the cerebellum. parencephalocele (par-en-sef'al-o-sel) [parencepha- lon + G. kele, hernia.] Protrusion of the cere- bellum through a defect in the cranium. parenceph'alon [G. para, beside, + enkephalos, brain.] Cerebellum. parenceph'alous. Relating to parencephalia or to a parencephalus. parenceph'alus (G. para, beside, -I- enkephalos,hTa,m.'] A monster with imperfect cerebral development. parenchyma (par-en'ki-mah) [G. parencheo, I pour in beside, as in a mould.] i. The distinguish- ing or specific tissue of a gland or organ, con- tained in and supported by the connective-tissue framework, or stroma. 2. The endoplasm of a protozoan cell. parenchymal (par-en'ki-mal). Rela ing to the parenchyma, parenchymatous. parenchymatitis (par-en-ki-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. par- enchyma + -itis.} Inflammation of the paren- chyma or differentiated substance of a gland or organ. parenchymatous (par-en-ki'mi-tus). Relating to the parenchyma, parenchymal, p. neuri'tis, neuritis affecting chiefly or exclusively the axis- cylinder and its myelin parenchymula (par-en-ki'mu-lah) [L. dim. of G parenchyma.'] The stage in embryonic develop- ment next succeeding that of the closed blastula, in which the external differentiated cells pass into the interior. par'ent [L. parens; parere, to bring forth.] A father or mother, p. cell, (i) the impregnated ovum, or cytula; (2) a mother cell. parenteral (par-en'ter-al) [G. para, contra;ry to, + enieron, intestine.] In some way other than by the intestinal canal, referring especially to the assimilation of nutritive material introduced into the veins or subcutaneous tissues. parepicoele (par-epl-sSl) [G. para, beside, + epi, upon, + koilia, a hollow.] The lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the brain, passing outward round the upper part of the restiform body. parepidid'ymis [G. para, beside, -I- epididvmis.^ Paradidymis. parepithym'ia [G. para, beside, + epithymia, desire. Morbid longing, perverted desire or craving. par'esis [G. weakness.] i. Partial paralysis. 2. General p., dementia paralytica, gen'eral p., dementia paralytica, general paralysis of the insane; a disease of the brain, usually regarded as parasyphilitic in origin, marked by progressive dementia, tremor, speech disturbances, and increasing muscular weakness; in a large pro- portion of cases there is a preliminary stage of irritability followed by exaltation and delusions of grandeur. paresthesia, parsesthesia (par-es-the'zl-ah) [G. para, beside, + aisihesis, sensation.] An abnormal spontaneous sensation, such as of burning, prick- ing, numbness, etc. paresthet'ic. Relating to or marked by paresthesia. paret'ic. Relating to or suffering from paresis. pareunia (par-u'ni-ah) [G. pareunos, lying beside.] Sexual intercourse. parhonnone (pahr-hor'mon) [G. para, alongside of, + hormone.] A catabolic product supposed to havi; a hormone-like function. par'icine. An alkaloid of cinchona, CisHuNjO. paridro'sis [G. para, beside, -I- hidrosis, sweating.] Any derangement of perspiration. par'ies, gen. pari'etis, pi. pari'etes [L. wall.] A wall, as of the chest, abdomen, or any hollow organ, p. carot'ica tym'pani [BNA], carotid, or anterior, wall of the tympanum; it contains the opening of the Eustachian tube. p. jugula'- ris tym'pani [BNA], jugular wall of the tympa- num, fundus tympani, inferior wall or floor of the tympanic cavity; a thin plate of bone separat- ing the tympanic cavity from the jugular fossa. p. labyrin'thica tym'pani [BNA], labjfrinthic, or inner, wall of the tympanum, a bony layer separating it from the internal ear or labyrinth; it contains the fenestra vestibuli, or ovaUs, and the fenestra cochleae, or rotunda, p. mastoid'ea tym'pani [BNA], mastoid, or posterior wall of the tympanum, containing the opening into the tympanic or mastoid antrum, p. membrana'cea tym'pani [BNA], membranous, or outer, wall of the tympanum, formed mainly by ihe mem- brana tympani. p. tegmenta'Iis tym'pani [BNA], tegmental wall of the tympanum, the superior wall or roof of the tympanic cavity, formed by the tegmen tympani of the temporal bone. pari'etal. Relating to the wall of any cavity, p. bone, OS parietale. Parieta'ria [L. paries, wall.] A genus of plants, of which the most common species, P. o-flicinalis, wall pellitory, has been employed in domestic practice as a diuretic. PARIETES 739 PAROSTEOSIS, PAROSTOSIS parietes (par-i'p-tes). Plural of L. paries, a wall. parietofrontal (par-i"-e-to-fruii'tal). Relating to the parietal and the frontal bones or the parts of the cerebral cortex corresponding thereto. parietooccipital (par-i"e-to-ok-sip'I-tal). Relating to the parietal and occipital bones or to the parts of the cerebral cortex corresponding thereto pari"etosphe'noid. Relating to the parietal and the sphenoid bones. parietosplanchnic (par-i"e-to-splank'nik). Parieto visceral. pari"etosquaino'sal. Relating to the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone. pari"etotem'poral. Relating to the parietal and the temporal bones. pari"etovis'ceral. Relating to the wall of a cavity and to the contained viscera Parinaud's conjunctivi'tis (par-e-no') [Henri Pari- naud, Parisian ophthalmologist, 1844-1905.] Leptothricosis conjunctivae, a subacute inflam- mation of the conjunctiva due to infection with a minute leptothrix; it is characterized by the presence of large irregular reddish granulations in the connective tissue of the lids and fornix with simultaneous swelling of the lymph glands of the ear and throat, said by P. to be con- tracted by contagion from animals. P.'s ophthalmople'gia, paralysis of the rectus lateralis of one eye and spasmodic contraction of the rectus medialis of the other eye. Paris Chalyb'eate Springs, Missouri. The waters contain the carbonates of lime and magnesia, iron, and the chlorides of sodium, potassium, and iodine, 5 2 ° P. Used by drinking in anemia, diseases of women, and disorders of the nervous system, stomach, liver, kidneys, and skin. The stunmer season. Palis green. Acetoarsenite of copper, made by boiling solutions of arsenous acid and cupric acetate, Schweinfurt green. par'isol. An alcoholic soap solution containing formaldehyde. paristhmic (par-is'mik). Relating to the tonsils. paristhmion (par-is'inJ-on) [G. para, beside, + isthmian, the throat.] A tonsil. paiisthmitls (par-is-mi'(me')tis). Amygdalitis, in- flammation of the tonsil. par'ity [L. parere, to bear.] The state of a woman as regards the fact of having borne children. Nulliparity is the condition of having had no children, primiparity of having borne one child, secundipariiy of having borne two children, multiparity of having had several children, etc. Park's an'euiysm [Henry Park, Liverpool surgeon, 1744-1831.] An arteriovenous aneurysm of the bend of the elbow, in which the brachial artery communicates with the brachial and median basilic veins. Park's Springs, North Carolina. Sulphated-saline- chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in dys- pepsia, portal congestion, and chronic constipation. ParTcer's flu'id [George Howard Parker, American zoologist, *i864.] A hardening fluid of formal- dehyde, I, in 70 per cent, alcohol, 100. Pai'ker's incis'ion [Willard Parker, New York sur- geon, 1800-1884.] An oblique incision nearly parallel with Poupart's ligament over the area of dulness in appendical abscess. Pai'ker Min'eral Spring, Pennsylvania. Muriated- saline-calcio waters, 5o°F. One spring. Used by drinking and bathing in dyspepsia, sluggish- ness of the liver, constipation, abdominal venos- ity, nephritis, and irritability of the bladder. The climate is bracing. Par'kinson's disease' [James Parkinson, English physician, 17SS-1824.] Paralysis agitans. P.'s fa cies, P.'s mask, the elevated eyebrows and expressionless facies characteristic of paralysis agitans. Park-WiUiams baciUus [William Hallock Park, American bacteriologist, *i863; Anna Wessels Williams, American bacteriologist.] A special strain of the diphtheria bacillus employed in the preparation of antitoxin. paroa'rium. Parovarium. paroccip'ital [G. para, beside, + L. occipitalis. I Near or beside the occipital bone or the occiput. p. process, paramastoid* process. parodon'tid [G. para, beside, -I- odous(pdont-), tooth.] A tumor of the gum, epulis. parodontitis (par-o-don-ti'(te')tis) [G. para, beside, + odousipdont-), tooth, + -itis.'\ Pyorrhea alveo- laris. parodynia (par-o-dinl-ah) [L. parere, to bear, -f- G. odyne, pain ] i. Labor-pains. 2. Abnormal or difficult labor, dystocia. par'ogen, parogenum (par-oj'en-um). Vasolini- ment, a liquid ointment, or liniment base made of liquid parafiin 40, oleic acid 40, 5 per cent, ammoniated alcohol 20. thick p., made of hard paraffin 12, liquid paraffin 48, oleic acid 30, ro per cent, ammoniated alcohol 10. parol'ivary [G. para, beside, + L. oliva, olive.] By the side of or near the oliva. parom'phalocele [G. para, beside, + omphalos, umbilicus, + kele, tumor, hernia.] i. A tumor near the umbilicus. 2. A hernia through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. paronir'ia [G. para, beside, -J- oneiros, dream,] Dreaming of a disagreeable or terrifying character. paronychia (par-o-nik'I-ah) [G. para, beside, + onyxionych-), naU.] Felon, panaris, whitlow; inflammation of the structures in the distal phalanx of a finger or toe, either those surround- ing the nail or the bone itself. paronychia! (par-o-nik'l-al). Relating to paro- nychia. paroophoron (par-o-of'or-on) [G. para, beside, + oophoros, egg-bearing. I [BNA] A collection of rudimentary tubules in the mesosalpinx near the uterus, the analogue of the paradidymis in the male; epoophoron, paroarium, parovarium. parophthalmon'cus [G. para, near, -I- ophthalmos, eye, + onkos, swelling.] A neoplasm or tumor near the eye. parop'sia [G. para, beside, + opsis, vision.] Any disorder of vision. parorchidium (par-or-kid'I-um) [G. para, beside, + orchis, testis.] Non-descent of the testis, ectopia testis. parorchis (par-or'kis) [para, beside, + orchis, testis.] The epididymis. parorex'ia [G. para, beside, -I- orexis, appetite.] Perverted appetite. parosmia (par-oz'ml-ah) [G. para, beside, + osme, the sense of smell.] Any disorder of the sense of smell especially the subjective perception of odors which do not exist. parosphresia (par"os-fre'sr-ah) [G. para, beside, + asphresis, smell.] Parosmia. parosteitis (par-os-te-i'(e')tis) [G. para, beside, + osteon, bone, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the tissues immediately adjacent to a bone; also written parostitis. parosteo'sis, parosto'sis [G. para, beside, -t- osteon, bone, -t- -0J«s.] i- The development of bone in an unusual location, as in the skin. a. Abnor- mal or defective ossification. PAROTIC 740 PARTICLE paro'tic [G. para, beside, + ous(dt-), ear.] Near or beside the ear. paiot'ii[Q. pardiis(pardiid-) ; para,heside, +ous(di-), ear.] Situated near the ear, noting several structures in this neighborhood, p. arteiy, duct, gland, recess, see under artma, ductus, glandula, recessus. parotidec'tomy [G. pardtis{par5tid-) + ekioml, excision.] Surgical removal of the parotid gland. parotidi'tis (par-ot-J-di'(de')tis) [G. pardiis (parotid-) + -itis.'] Inflammation of the parotid gland, parotitis; mumps, epidem'ic p., mumps, an acute infectious and contagious disease character- ized by inflammation and swelling of the parotid gland, sometimes of other salivary glands, and occasionally by metastasis of the mamma or testis. parotidoauricularis (par-otl-do-aw - rik - u - la'ris) . An occasional band of muscle-flbers passing from the surface" of the parotid gland to the auricle. parotidoscirrhus (par-ot-I-do-skir'(sir')us). i. Parotidosclerosis, hardening of the parotid gland. X. A scirrhous cancer of the parotid region. parotidoscIeTosis (par-ot"I-do-skle-ro'sis) [G. paro- tis (parotid-), parotid gland, + sklerosis, a hard- ening.] Fibrous induration of the parotid gland. parotitis (par-o-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the parotid gland, parotiditis. parous (par'us) [L. par ere, to bear.] Noting a woman who has borne children, whether one or more. parova'rian. i. Near or beside the ovary. :*. Relating to the parovarium. parovariot'omy ^parovariu'm -j- G. torne, incision,] Incision into or removal of a tumor of the parovarium. paroyaritis (par-o-var-i'(e')tis) [parovarium -H G. -itis,J Inflammation of the parovaritun, or organ of Rosenmuller. parova'rium [G. para, beside, -I- L. ovarium, ovary.] Organ of Rosenniuller, epoophoron.* paroxysm (par'oks-izm) [G. paroxysmos.] i. A sudden onset of a disease or of any symptoms, especially if they are recurrent, as in malaria. 2. A spasm, convulsion. paroxysmal (par-oks-iz'mal). Relating to or occur- ring in paroxysms. parresine (par'S-sen). Trade name of a mixture of paraffins, melting at 117° F., employed as a protective dressing to burns and denuded surfaces. Par'rish's cam'phor mix'ture. Mistura camphorae aromatica (N.F.). par'rot-beak nail. A markedly curved finger nail, as in the Hippocratic finger. Parrot's disease' (pi-ro') [Jules Marie Parrot, French physician, 1829-1883.] 1. Syphilitic pseudo- paralysis in infants, due to lack of firm union of the epiphyses. 2. Achondroplasia. 3. Maras- mus of the newborn, athrepsia. P.'s mur'mur, a low soft murmur taking the place of the cardiac sounds in asystole. P.'s nodes, nodular periosti- tic swellings on the cranium in hereditary syphilis. P.'s sign, dilatation of the pupil on pinching the skin, in meningitis. P.'s ul'cer, the lesions of parasitic stomatitis, or thrush. parr'ot-mouth. A deformity of the mouth in the horse, characterized by retraction of the lower jaw. Parr'y's disease' [Caleb Hillier Parry, English physician, 1756-1822.] Exophthalmic goiter.* pars [L.] A part, a portion, p. cavemo'sa[BNA], p. spongiosa, the third portion of the male urethra, about six inches in length, which traverses the cor- pus cavemostma urethrae, or corpus spongiosiun p. centra'lis [BNA], cella media or body of the lateral ventricle of the brain, lying in the parietal lobe extending from the foramen of Monro to the splenium of the corpus callosum. p. flac'- cida [BNA], flaccid part, Shrapnell's* mem- brane, p. horizonta'lis [BNA], horizontal part, or horizontal plate, of the palate bone, forming part of the floor of the nasal fossa, p. inflez'a, one of the two posterior reflections (p. i. latera'- lis, p. i. media'lis) of the wall of a horse's hoof; see bar. p. interme'dia foss'ae rhomboid'es [BNA], the broad middle portion of the rhom- boid fossa, p. irid'ica ret'inse, uveal tract, p. mastoid'ea [BNA], mastoid portion of the tem- poral bone. p. membrana'cea [BNA], the sec- ond portion of the male urethra, about half an inch in length, extending from the prostate to the beginning of the spongy urethra just beyond the bulb. p. membrana'cea sep'ti atrio'nim [BNA], a triangular space at the base of the interauricular septum of the heart where the muscular tissue is very thin or absent, p. nasa'- lis [BNA], nasal portion of the temporal bone which lies between the two orbital parts ante- riorly and forms part of the roof of the nasal fossae, p. orbita'lis [BNA], orbital portion of the frontal bone, consisting of two transversely curved plates separated by the ethmoidal notch and nasal spine, p. perpendicula'ris [BNA], perpendicular part, or vertical plate, of the palate bone. p. petro'sa [BNA], petrous por- tion of the temporal bone; pyramid, p. pros- tat'ica [BNA], the portion of the male urethra, about one inch in length, which traverses the prostate, p. spongio'sa, p. cavernosa [BNA], p. squamo'sa, the squamous portion of the tem- poral bone, squama temporalis [BNA]. p. ten'- sa [BNA], tense part, the greater portion of the membrana tympani which is tense and firm, contrasting with the small triangular pars flac- cida. p. triangula'ris, the praeoperculum, pre- operculum. p. tympan'ica [BNA], the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, forming the greater part of the wall of the external auditory meatus. pars'ley [G. petroselinon, rock-parsley.] A garden herb, the root of which is sometimes given as an emmenagogue; see petroselinum. Par'son's disease' [James Parsons, English physician, 1703-1770-] Exophthalmic goiter.* parthe'nium. A European plant resembling cham- omile; feverfew, Matricaria parthenium, prac- tically the same as matricaria.* parthenogen'esis [G. parthenos, virgin, -(- genesis, production.] A form of non-sexual reproduction, or agamogenesis, in which the female reproduces its kind without fecundation by the male. partial (par'shal) [L. partialis from pars, a part.] Incomplete, consisting of a part only. p. el'- ements, the various molecules in protoplasm which differ biologically from each other, p. gronps, the sum of the antisubstances or im- mune bodies in an immune serum which correspond to the p. elements of the microorgan- ism in the culture. particle (par'«-kl) [L. particula, dim. of pars, part.] I. A very small piece or portion of anything. 2. One of the groups of molecules assumed by Hardy to form the constituent elements of bio- plasm, being held in suspension in water by electrical equilibrium, elemen'tary p., Zimmer^ PARTICLE 741 PASTEUR'S LIQU] mann's elementary p., Hayem's hematoblast, platelet.* partic'ulate. Relating to or occurring in the form of fine particles. parturient (par-tu'ri-ent [L. parturire, to be in labor.] Relating to or being in the process of partu- rition or childbirth, p. canal, the passage through which the child passes from the cavity of the uterus to the exterior, p. woman, a woman in labor. parturifacient (par-tu-r5t-fa'shent) [L. parturire, to be in labor, + facere, to make.] Oxytocic, i. Inducing or accelerating labor. ^. An agent which induces or accelerates labor. parturiom'eter [L. parturitio, parturition, + meiron, measure.] A device for determining the force of the uterine contractions in childbirth. parturition (par-tu-rish'un) [L. parturire, to be in labor.] Childbirth, labor, delivery, the giving birth to a child. par'tus [L. partus; parere, to bear.] Parturition. p. agrippi'nus, delivery by the breech, p. csesa'rius, delivery by cesarean section, p. seroti'nus, delayed labor, p. siccus, a dry labor, one in which the amniotic fluid is scanty or flows away too soon. paru'lis [G. para, beside, + ouhH, gum.] A gum- boil. parumbil'ical. Paraumbilical. paru'ria [G. para, beside, -1- ouron, urine.] Any disorder of micturition. parvicellular (par"vi-seru-lar) [L. parvus, small, + cellularis, cellular.] Relating or composed of cells of small size. par'voline. A ptomaine, C,Hi3N, from decaying fish. parvule (par'vul) [L. parmlus, very small.] A pillule, pellet, granule; a minute pill. Pascal's' law [Blaise Pascal, French scientist, 1623-1662.] Fluids at rest transmit pressure equally in every direction. Paso Robles. See El Paso de Robles. paspalism (pas'pa-hzm) . Symptoms of intoxica- tion supposed to be due to ingestion of the seeds of a species of grass, Paspalum scrobiculatum, in the form of flour made into bread, pas'sage [L. ^awar^, to pass.] i. The act of passing. a. A discharge, as from the bowels or of urine. 3. The inoculation of a series of animals with the same strain of a pathogenic microorganism whereby the virulence of the latter is in- creased, or sometimes diminished. 4. A channel, duct, pore, or opening. Passavant's cush'ion (pahs'ah-fahnt) [Gustav Pass- avant, German physician, 1815— 1893.] The prominence formed by the contracting belly of the superior constrictor muscle of the pharjTix during the act of swallowing. passiflo'ra (N.F.). Passion-flower, the rhizome of Passiflora incamata, a climbing herb of the southern United States; has been employed in neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, and insomnia, in doses of S''- 3 (o ■ 2) , and as an application to hemor- rhoids and for burns. passion (pash'un) [L. passus; pati, to suffer.] i. Intense emotion. 2. Suffering, pain, il'eac p., il'iac p., ileus. passional (pash'un-al). Relating to any of the passions; emotional, p. att'itudes, attitudes ex- pressive of any of the great passions, such as - anger, joy, etc., noting one of the stages of hystero- epilepsy. pass'ive [L. passivus; pati, to endure.] Not active, submissive, p. conges'tion, congestion due to obstruction to the return flow of blood, in con- trast to hjrperemia due to dilated capillaries a to increase in the force propelling the bloc p. ex'ercise, muscular exercise effected by mecha cal means, by massage, and by p. movemen p. hjrpere'mia, congestion, p. congestion. move'ments, movements of the body and lim imparted by a second person, without a volunta effort of muscular contraction on the part of t subject. pass'ivism. A form of sexual perversion in whi the subject, usually the male, is submissive the will of the partner, either male or female, unnatural sexual practices. pas'ta, gen. and pi. pas' tee [L.] Paste, p. bet naphtho'lis (N.F.), Lassar's naphthol pasi betanaphthel io, precipitated sulphur 50, S( soap and petrolatum each 20. p. dermatolo] ica, dermatological paste; a class of prepai tions of the N.F. consisting of starch, dextr sulphiir, calcium carbonate, or zinc oxide ma into a paste with glycerin, soft soap, petrolatu; or some fat, with which is incorporated soi medicinal substance, p. deztrina'ta (N.F dextrinated paste; a mixture of equal parts dextrin, glycerin, and distilled water; used as vehicle in the preparation of many of the derm tological pastes, p. ichthyo'li, Unna's ichthj paste, ammonium ichthyolsulphonate 25, de trinated paste to make 100. p. resorcino'! for'tis (N.F.), strong resorcinol paste, a mixtu of resorcinol, zinc oxide, and starch, of each 2 in light liquid petrolatum 40. p. resorcino' mi'tis (N.F.), Lassar's mild resorcin paste; resc cinol 10, zinc oxide and starch each 25, liqu petrolatum 40. p. zin'ci (N.P.), Lassar's ziii salicyl paste; zinc oxide 24, salicylic acid starch 24, white petrolatum 50. p. zin'ci mol'l (N.F.), Unna's soft zinc paste; zinc oxide i calcium carbonate 10, linseed oil 10, lime wat 10. p. zin'ci sulphura'ta (N.P.), Unna's si phurated zinc paste; zinc oxide 15, precipitate sulphur 10, silicic acid s, benzoinated lard 70 paste (past) [L. pasta.] A soft semisolid of firm consistence than pap, but soft enough to flc slowly and not to retain its shape, arsen'ical ] an escharotic containing 10 per cent, arseno acid in a mixture of flour and melted sue dermatolog'ical p., see pasta. London p., moistened mixture of caustic soda and quic lime, serum p., an application for wounds mac of inspissated blood-serum, sulphu'ric-acid ] powdered saffron moistened with sulphuric aci Vienn'a p., a moistened mixture of caustic potai and quicklime. paster (pas'ter). The oval or circular segment forr ing the part for near work in bifocal lenses. pastern (pas'turn) [Fr. pdturon, pasture; becaui the shackle of a horse out at pasture is attach* to this part of the leg?] The part of a horse leg, which corresponds to the first phalar of the middle finger or toe of man. pas'tem-bone. One of two bones in the foot of tl horse; the large pastern hone is the first phalar in the foot of the horse, the oS suffraginis; tl small pastern bone is the second phalanx or c coronas. Pasteur's Uq'uid (pahs-ter') [Louis Pasteur, Prenc chemist and bacteriologist, 1822—1895.] culture fluid containing yeast ashes and ammc nium carbonate each 1, sugar 10, in water 10 P.'s meth'od, treatment of rabies by the injectic of attenuated virus of progressively increasin g vii lence. P.'s the'ory, the theory that immunit produced by an attack of a- disease or vaccin; PASTEUR'S LIQUID 742 PATHOLOGY tion is due to exhatistion of the soil necessary for the growth of the specific microorganism. P.'s vib'rio, the pathogenic organism of malig- nant edema. Pasteurel'la. A group of non-ciliated and non- spore-bearing bacteria of the family CoccacecE. pasteurello'sis. Infection with certain bacteria of the group Pasieurella, causing hemorrhagic sep- ticemia. pasteurization (pas"ter-i-2a'shun) [after Louis Pas- teur.] The heating of milk or other liquids for about thirty minutes to 68° C. (154.4° F.) whereby the living bacteria are destroyed; the spores are unaffected, but are kept from developing by im- mediately cooling the liquid to, 10° C. (50° F.) or lower. pasteurize (pas'ter-!z). To treat milk or other liquids after the manner described under pasteuri- sation. pas'teuiizer. An apparatus employed in the pas- teurization of fluids. Pas'tia's sign [C. Paslia, Roumanian physician, con- temporary.] The presence of pink or red trans- verse lines at the bend of the elbow in the pre- emptive stage of scarlatina; they persist through the eruptive stage and remain as pigmented lines after desquamation. pas'til, pastille (pas-tel') [Fr. pastille; L. pastillus, a roll (of bread).] i. A small mass of benzoin and other aromatic substances to be burned for ftunigation. 2. A medicated confection in the form of a troche or lozenge. past-point'ing. A test of the integrity of the vestibular apparatus of the ear; the person, seated in a revolving chair, is rotated to the right ten rounds, the eyes being closed, then his right index finger, with arm horizontal, is brought to touch the tip of the examiner's finger; now he raises his arm vertically and is told to touch the examiner's finger again on bringing the arm once more to the horizontal; if the vestibular apparatus is normal, the finger will be brought down several inches to the right of the examiner's finger, because he then has the sensation of rotation to the left. patch. A small circumscribed area differing in color or structure from the surrounding surface. her'ald p., the initial manifestation of pityriasis rosea, consisting of a large, solitary, oval patch of efflorescence preceding sometimes by several days the general eruption, mu'cous p., one of a group of round or oval grayish yellow macerated papules or macules, occurring on the mucous membrane of the mouth or other orifices in syphilis, o'paline p., a mucous p. of silver gray appearance. patefaction (pa-te-fak'shun) [L. patefacere, to throw open.] A laying open. Patein's albu'min (pS-tan'). A substance resem- bling serum albumin, but soluble in acetic acid. patel'la, gen. and pi. patellce [L. a small plate.] The large sesamoid bone, in the combined tendon of the extensors of the leg, covering the anterior surface of the knee; kneepan, kneecap. patellar (pat'el-ar, more commonly p^-tel'ar). Re- lating to the patella or kneecap, p. fos'sa, fossa* hyaloidea. pateU'ifonn [L. patella + forma, form.] Of the shape of the patella. pa'tency [L. patere, to lie open.] The state of being freely open or patulous. pa'tent [L. patens; patere, to lie open.] Open, expanded. path [A.S. path.] A road or way; the course taken by an electric current or by nervous impulses. pathe'ma, pi. pathe'mata [G. pathema, suffering.] Any disease or morbid condition. pathe"matol'ogy [G. pathema(pathSmat-), suffering, -I- -logia.] Pathology, especially mental path- ology. pathet'ic [G. pathetikos, relating to the feelings.] 1. Causing an emotion, especially of sorrow or pity. a. Noting the fourth cranial nerve, nervus patheticus, nervus trochlearis [BNA], pathet'icus [G. pathetikos, sensitive, pathetic, so called because of the expression produced by contraction of the superior oblique muscle, which the nerve supplies.] Nervus patheticus, nervus trochlearis [BNA]. path'etism [G. pathetos, subject to suffering.] Mesmerism, hypnotism. path'etist. A mesmerizer, a hypnotist. path'finder. A filiform bougie for introduction through a narrow stricture and to serve as a guide for the passage of a larger soiuid or catheter. pathic (path'ik) [G. pathikos, remaining passive.] A sexual pervert, who assumes the passive r61e in any unnatural sexual act. pathoamine (path'o-am-en). A ptomaine. pathoanatomy (path"o-an-at'o-inI). Pathological anatomy. path"obiol'ogy [G. pathos, suffering, 4- bios, life, + -logia.] Pathology. path'ogen [G. pathos, suffering, -I- gennao, I produce.] Any virus, microorganism, or other substance causing disease. pathogen'esis, pathogen'esy [G. pathos, suffering, + genesis, origin, production.] The mode of origin or development of ajiy disease or morbid process, drug p., (1) the production of morbid symptoms by drugs; (2) in homeopathy, the record of all the symptoms observed in the proving of a drug on persons of all ages and both sexes, as well as of the effects of a poisonous dose of the same drug, or the toxicological record. pathogenet'ic, pathogen'ic [G. pathos, suffering, disease, -h gennao, I produce.] Causing disease, morbific. pathogenicity (path-o-jen-isl-ty). The condition of being pathogenic or of causing disease. pathogeny (pS-thoj'en-I). Pathogenesis. path"ognoinon'ic [G. pathos, suffering, + gnomon, index (of a sundial).] Characteristic or indica- tive of a disease, noting certain typical symptoms. pathog'nomy [G. pathos, suffering, + gnome, a mark, a sign.] Diagnosis by means of a study of the typical symptoms of a disease, or of the subjective sensations of the patient. pathognos'tic [G. pathos, suffering, + gnostikos, good at knowing.] Pathognomic. pathog'raphy [G. pathos, suffering, -(- graphs, a description.] A treatise on or description of disease; a treatise on pathology. pathole'sia [G. pathos, suffering, disease, -I- lesis, choice, will.] Any impairment or abnormality of the will, especially hysteria. pathological (path-o-loji-kal). Relating to pathol- ogy; morbid, diseased; due to disease. pathol'ogist. One versed in pathology, one who makes a special study of the morbid changes associated with disease. pathol'ogy [G. pathos, suffering, -|- -logia.] 1. The branch of medical science which deals with dis- ease in all its relations, especially with its nature and the functional and material changes caused by it. 2. The sum of the morbid changes in any disease, cell'ular p., the view of p. which PATHOLOGY 743 PAVY'S DISEASE regards the alterations in the cells as the essen- tial factor in disease, compar'ative p., the p. of diseases of the lower animals, especially in its relation to human p. func'tional p., the consid- eration of the alterations in function dependent upon morbid changes in the tissues and organs of the body, geograph'ical p., the study of disease in its relation to climate and to the various parts of the earth's surface, hu'moral p., the view of p. which regards the changes in the fluids of the body, especially in the blood, as the essential factor in disease, med'ical p., the p. of internal diseases, or those not remediable by surgical measures, spec'ial p., the p. of individual dis- eases or of the diseases of special organs or tissues, sur'gical p., the p. of external diseases, or those remediable by surgical procedures. veg'etable p., ihe p. of the diseases of plants. pathomaine (path'o-mah-en). A ptomaine. pathoma'nia [G. pathos, suffering, + mania, frenzy.] Moral insanity, an irresistible impvilse to wrong or immoral action. pathometric (path-o-met'rik) . Relating to patho- metry. pathometry (path-om^e-tri) [G. pathos, siiffering, -I- metron, measure.] Determination of the proportionate number of individuals affected with a certain disease at a given time, and of the conditions leading to an increase or decrease in this number, pathomorphism (path-o-mor'fizm). Abnormal mor- phology. pathono'mia, paihon'omy [G. pathos, suSering, -I- nomos, law.] The science of the laws of morbid changes, pathopho'bia [G. pathos, suffering, + phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of disease. pathophoric (path-o-for'ik) [G. pathos, suffering, disease, + phoreo, I carry.] Disease carrying, noting certain genera of mosquitos and other disease transmitting insects. pathoformic (path-o-for'mik) [G. pathos, disease, + L. formare, to form.] Relating to the beginning of disease; noting especially certain symptoms occurring in the transition period between a. normal and a diseased mental state. pathomimesis (path-o-mim-e'sis) [G. pathos, suf- fering, -I- mimesis, imitation.] Miniicry of disease, whether intentional or unconscious. pathomimicry (path-o-mim'S-kri). Pathomimesis. pathophorous (path-of'or-us). Pathophoric. pathopoeesia, pathopoiesia (path"o-pe-e'sI-ah, path"o- poy-e'si-ah) [G. pathos, suffering, -t- poiests, a making.] The causation or mode of production of disease, etiology, pathopsychology (patho-o-si-kol-o-jl) [G. pathos, suffering, + psyche, mind, 4- -logia.'] The science which has to do with deviations from the normal mental processes occurring in disease, but not as symptoms thereof. patient Cpa'shent) [L. patiens; pati, to suffer.] One who is suffering from or under treatment for any disease. Patrick's test [Hugh Talbot Tatrick, Chica,go neurologist, *i86o.] Pabere* sign; to distinguish arthritis of the hip from sciatica: with the patient supine the thigh and knee are. flexed and the fextemal malleolus is placed above the patella of the opposite leg; except in advanced cases this can ordinarily be done without pain, but on depressing the knee, pain is promptly elicited if the case is one of arthritis of the hip. patt'en [Fr. paUn . a clog.] A support placed under one shoe to equalize the length of the two legs. when one is shorter than the other, or when one is artificially lengthened by a brace or splint, as in the treatment of hip disease. pattern (pat'urn) [M. E. patron.] A fanciful design on a carpet, wall-paper, etc. ac'tion p., according to Crile's theory, a complicated set of tracks or grooves (figuratively speaking), partly congenital and partly acquired, for the conduction of stimuli and impulses in the brain, i n virtue of which a certain stimulus is apt to be followed by a certain action, the action induced by the stimulus . varying in each individual according to the action pattern in his brain. Patt'erson's cor'puscles. Molluscum corpuscles.* pat'ulous [L. patulus; patere, to lie cpen.] Patent, lying freely open. Paul's sign [Constantin Charles Theodore Paul, French physician. 1833-1896.] A diffused area of forcible cardiac pulsations in cases of ad- herent pericardium. Paul's test [Paul, Vienna physician.] Pus from a. suspicious pustule is rubbed into scarification on a rabbit's eye; if the pus is from a variolous or vaccinal pustule a condition of epitheliosis de- velops in from 36 to 48 hours; the sputum of a .smallpox patient is said to cause the same reaction. Paullin'ia [after C. F. PauUini, German botanist, 1 643-1 7 1 2.] A genus of shrubs of tropical America, of the order Sapindacece. P. sor'bilis, the source of guarana Paul-Mixter tube [Frank Thomas Paul, English surgeon, *i8si; Samuel Jason Mixter, American surgeon, *i8SS.] A glass drainage tube of large caliber provided with flanges, employed in in- testinal surgery for temporary anastomosis. paulocardia (paw-lo-kar'dJ-ah) [G. paula, a pause, -1- kardia, heart.] 1. A sensation as of stoppage of the heart. 2. A condition in which the period of rest in the cardiac cycle is unduly prolonged. pausimenia (paw-zi-me'nJ-ah [G. pausis, a ceasing, + men, mouth.] Menopause. Pauzat's disease' (po-za') [Jean Eugene Pauzat, French physician, contemporary.] Osteoplastic periostitis of the metatarsal bones. pavement (pav'ment) [L. pavimentum; pavire, to ram down.] Any structure resembling a pave- ment or a tiled floor, p. epithe'lium, tesselated epithelium, an arrangement of flattened epithe- lial cells with edges in close apposition forming a more or less extensive membrane-like structure. pavil'ion [F. pavilion; L. papilio, butterfly, tent.] I. The auricle or pinna of the ear. 2. Any flaring extremity of a canal or tube, as the fim- briated extremity of the oviduct, p. of the pelvis, the expanded portion of the pelvis formed by the flare of the ilia. Pavil'ion Spring, Pennsylvania. Neutral waters, containing considerable carbonic acid gas. Used as a table water. Pavloff (or Pawlow) meth'od [Ivan Petrovich Pavloff, Russian physiologist, *i849.] A quantitative study of the modifications of the salivary reflex caused by psychic reactions. P. stom'ach, a section of the stomach of a dog, shut off from all communication with the main part of the organ connected with the outside by a fistula; employed in studies on the gastric secre- tions. pa'vor [L.] Fear, terror, p. noctur'nus, night-ter- rors. Pa'vy's disease' [Frederick William Pavy, English physician, 1829-1911.] Cychc albuminuria. P.'s rea'gent, potassium hydrate and RochcUe salt, of PAVY'S DISEASE 744 PECTINIFORM each 20.4, copper sulphate, 4.158, ammonia (sp. gr. 0.880), 300, water, 1000; used in place of Fehling's solution for the quantitative estima- tion of sugar in the urine, 10 c.c. of the solution being decolorized by ; mg. of sugar. Pawlik's tri'angle or tri'gone (pahv'lik) [Karel I. Pawlik, Prague obstetrician, 1849-1914.] An area on the anterior wall of the vagina corre- sponding exactly to the trigonum veeieae. Pawlow's meth'od, P.'s stom'ach. See Pavloff. paw'paw. Papaw, papaya. Pax'ton's disease'. Tinea nodosa. Payr's meth'od (pTr) [Erwin Payr, German surgeon, *i87i.] I. Suture of arteries by means of absorbable magnesium cylinders; through the cylinder one end of the severed artery is passed and turned back over the edge like a cuff, the other end of the artery being drawn over this and tied to the cylinder. 2. Absorption of the fluid in hydrocephalus by the transplantation of loops of vessels to hang free in the ventricle. P.B. Abbreviation of Pharmacopeia Britannica, British Pharmacopeia; in this work usually ab- breviated further to Br. Pb. Chemical symbol for plumbum, lead. Pb(C2H30j)2. Lead acetate, sugar of lead. PbCOj. Lead carbonate. PbCrOj. Lead chromate, chrome yellow. PB£ [Ger. perlsucht bacillen-emulsion.] A prepara- tion similar to Koch's new tuberculin, made from a ciilture of bovine tubercle bacilli ; recommended by Spengler. Pblj. Lead iodide. Pb(N03)j. Laid nitrate. PbO. Lead monoxide, litharge. PbOj. Lead dioxide, plumbic anhydride. PbS. Native sulphide of lead, galena. PbSO,. Lead sulphate. p.-d. Abbreviation of prism-diopter. Pd. Chemical symbol for palladium. pearl'ash. Impure potassium carbonate. pearl-disease', pearl-sick'ness [Ger. perlsucht.] Bo- vine tuberculosis. peach-fever. A spasmodic coryza of the nature of hay-fever, excited by the down of a peach. Plan's for'ceps (pa-on') [Jules Plan, Parisian sur- geon 1830-1898.] A clamp for obtaining hemos- tasis by forcipressure. P.'s meth'od, morcella- tion* in the removal of a tumor of greater diameter than the passage through which it must be extracted. P.*s posi'tion, the position of the operator sitting on a high stool between the legs of the patient in performing an abdominal section. pea'nut. Groundnut, goober; the fruit, resembling a nut, of Arachis hypogisa; its oil is sometimes used, like cotton-seed oil, as a substitute for olive oil. pearl, i. A concretion formed arotmd a grain of sand or other foreign body within the shell of certain moUusks. 2. One of a number of small tough masses of mucus occurring in the sputum in asthma. 3. A small hollow sphere of thin glass containing amyl nitrite or other fluid for inhalation; the pearl is crushed in the handker- chief and its contents are inhaled, epithe'lial p., a mass of concentric squamous epithelial cells, of hyaline appearance, occurring in carcinoma; epithelial nest, gouty p., a concretion of toflium urate on the cartilage of the ear, occurring in the gouty. pearl' -tumor. Cholesteatoma. Pear'son's solu'tlon [George Pearson. English physician, 1751-1828.] Liquor sodii arsenatis Pearson (N.F.), a solution of sodium arsenate, one-tenth the strength of the official liquor sodii arsenatis. peat. Partly decomposed vegetable matter found in bogs and swampy places ; it is employed some- times, when thinned down by water, as a form of mud-bath. pebbles (peb'lz). Lenses for eyeglasses cut from rock crystal. p£brine (pa-bren') [Fr.] A microparasitic disease of silkworms. pecc'ant [L. peccans; peccare, to sin.] Morbid, un- healthy, (^sease-producing. p. humors, in hu- moral pathology, the deranged fluids of the body acting as the materies morbi. peciloblast, poeciloblast (pe'sil-o-blast) [G. poikilos, varied, changeful, + blastos, germ.] A nucleated red blood-corpuscle of irregular shape; written- also poikiloblast. pecilocyte, poecilocyte (pe'sil-o-sit) [G. poikilos, va- ried, chkngeful, -I- kytos, cell.] A red blood- corpuscle of irregular shape; written also poiki- locyte. pecilocythe'mia, poecilocythee'mia [G. poikilos, va- ried, -I- kytos, cell, -I- haima, blood.] Pecilocytosis. pecilocytosis, poecilocytosis (pe"sil-o-si-to'sis). The presence of pecilocytes in the peripheral blood, pecilcjcy themia ; written also poikilocytosis. pecilon'ymy, poecilon'ymy [G. poikilos, varied, + onyma, name.] The use of two or more terms to indicate the same thing. pecilothermal, pecilother'mic, pecilother'mous (pe"sil c-thur'mal) [G. poikilos, varied, changeful, -I- therme, heat.] i. Varying in temperature ac- cording to the temperature of the surrounding medium, noting the so-called cold-blooded ani- mals and the plants. 2. Capable of existence and growth in media of varying temperature; . written also pcecilothermal, poikilothermal, pecilothermism,poecilothermism(pe"sil-o-thur'mizm) [G. poikilos, various, -I- therme, heat.] The condition of plants and cold-blooded animals, the temperature of which varies with the changes in the temperature of the surrounding medium. Pecquet's cis'tem (pg-ka') Qean Pecquet, French anatomist, 1622-1674.] Cistema chyli. P.'s duct, ductus thoracicus. P.'s res'ervoir, P.'s cistern. pec'ten [L. a comb.] i. A structure with comb- like processes or projections. 2. The os pubis. p. ossis pubis [BNA], p. pubis, pectineal line of the pubis, the continuation on the pubis of the iliopectineal line. p. scleree, the margin of the scleral opening through which the optic nerve enters. pec'tic acid3[G pektikos, congealing.] An acid con- tained in many small fruits upon which the property of making jelly depends. pectin (pek'tin) [G. pektos, stiff, curdled.] Vege- table jelly, C32H40O28 + 4H2O; a body formed from certain fruits and vegetables on boiling, which coagulates on cooling to form jelly. pectinse'us. Musculus pectineus. pec'tinate. Combed, comb-shape, p. fibers, muscular fibers running transversely over the roof of the cardiac atria (auricles) from the tasnia terminalis to the atrioventricular septum. p. muscles, muscuh pectinati, see under musculus. pectineal (pek-tin'e-al). Relating to the os pubis or to any comb-like structure ; ridged, p. muscle, musculus pectineus. pectine'us. See under musculus. pectin'iform [L. pecten, a comb, + forma, form.] Comb-shaped, pectinate. PECTIZATION 745 PEDOBAROMACROMETER pectization (pek-ti-za'shun; [G. peklikos, curdling.] In colloidal chemistry, the same as coagulation. pec'toral [L. pectoralis; pectus, breast-bone.] i. Relating to the chest. 2. A cough remedy, expectorant, bechic. pectoial'gia [L. pectus{pector-), chest, + G. algos, pain.] Pain in the chest. pectora'Iis. See under musculus. pectoriloquy (pek-to-ril'o-kwl) [L. pectus(pector-), breast, + loqui, to speak.] Transmission of the voice sound through the pulmonary structures, so that it is audible on auscultation of the chest ; it indicates either solidification of the pulmonary structures or the presence of a large cavity. apho'nic p., Baccelli's* sign, whis'pering p., the transmission of the whisper in the same way as that of the voice in ordinary pectoriloquy. pectoroph'ony [L. pectus{pector-), chest, + G. phone, voice.] Exaggerated vocal resonance; pectoriloquy, pectose (pek'tos). A substance in certain fruits and vegetables from which pectin is formed on boiling. pectous (peli/tus). i. Relating to or consisting of pectin or pectose. a. Noting a firm coagulated condition sometimes assumed by a gel, which is permanent in that the substance cannot be made to reassume the gel form. pec'tus, gen. pec'ioris, pi. pec'iora [L.] The thorax, the chest ; especially the anterior wall, the breast. p. carina'tum [L. carina, keel], pigeon-breast, chicken-breast; flattening of the chest on either side with forward projection of the sternum, like the keel of a boat, pectun'culus [L. a small scallop.] One of the striae naming longitudinally along the walls of the aqu^eductus cerebri. ped'al. Relating to the feet, or to any structxire called pes. p. bone, the os pedis, or coffin bone of the horse, p. system, a system of cerebral ganglia and white fibers, including the caudatum, a portion of the lenticular association fibers of the cortex, and the pyramidal tract. pedarthrocace (ped-ar-throk'as-e) [G. pais{paid-), child, + arthron, joint, + kakos, bad.] Joint disease in children. pedatro'phia, pedat'rophy [G. pais (paid-'), child, -I- atrophia, atrophy.] Marasmus; tabes mesenter- ica; written also pwdatrophia. ped'erast. A person given to pederasty. pederasty (ped'er-as-ti) [G. paiderastia; pais{paid-), boy, + erao, I long for.] Coitus per anum prac- tised on boys, pedesis (pe-de'sis) [G. pedesis, a leaping.] Brown- ian* movements. pedial'gia. Pedionalgia. pediatric (pe-di-at'rik) [G. pais(paid-), child, -t- iatrikos, relating to medicine.] Relating to the study and treatment of disease in children. pediatrician (pe-di-a-trish'an) . Pediatrist. pediat'rics, paediat'rics [G. pais(paid-), child, -I- iatreia, medical treatment.] The branch of medical science which treats of children in their hygienic and pathological relations; the specialty of the diseases of children. pediatrist (pe-di-at'rist) . A medical practitioner who specializes in the diseases of children. pediatry (ped-i-at'ri) . Pediatrics. „ j- r ped'icel [L. pedicellus, dim. of pes, foot.] 1 . Pedicle, peduncle. 2. In botany, the stalk of each flower in an inflorescence. ped'icellate, ped'icellated. Pedunculated, stalked. pedicellation (ped-i-sel-la'shun) . Formation of a pedicel or peduncle. ped'icle (ped'l-kl) [L. pediculus, dim. of pes, foot. I. A stalk, pedicel, or peduncle, a constricted portion, or stem, forming the attachment of a non-sessile tumor. 2. The constricted portion of the arch of a vertebra, connecting the lamina on either side with the body, radix arcus verte- brse [BNA]. pedic'terus, psedic'terus [G. pais{paid-), child, -H ikteros, jaundice.] Icterus neonatorum. pedic'ular. Relating to pediculi, or lice. pedic'ulate. Pedunculate, pedicellate. pedicula'tion [L. pediculus, louse.] Infestation with lice J lousiness. pedic'ulin. Trade name of a preparation, said to be a mixture of chalk and naphthalin, for the destruction of head-lice. pediculofrontal (pe-dik"u-lo-frun'tal). Relating to the pedicles of the frontal convolutions, noting one of Pitres's* sections through the brain 2 cm. in front of the fissure of Rolando. Pediculoi'des ventrlco'sus. A mite infesting the straw of mattresses and causing straw itch. pedic'ulopari'etal. Relating to the pedicles of the frontal convolutions and the parietal region of the brain, noting one of Pitres's* sections through the brain 3 cm. behind the fissure of Rolando. pediculopho'bia [L. pediculus, louse,_ + G. phobos, fear.] Phthiriophobia. pediculo'sis. Phthiriasis, lousiness, the state of being infested with pediculi or lice. p. capilUt'ii, p. cap'itis, the presence of lice in the hair of the head. p. cor'poris, vagabond's disease, the habitual presence of lice in the clothing, p. inguina'lis, p. pu'bis, the presence of crab lice in the hairs of the pubic region, p. vestimen'ti, p. vestimento'rum, p. corporis. pedic'ulous. Infested with pediculi, lousy. pedic'ulus, pi. pedic'uli [L.] A louse, an animal parasite infesting the hairy parts of the body, or the clothing; a member of the genus Pediculus or of the genus Phthirius. Pedic'ulus [L.] A genus of lice, fam. Pediculida. P. cap'itis, the head louse, living in the scalp. P. cor'poris, P. vestimenti. P. pu'bis, Phthirius inguinalis, crab louse, living in the hairy parts about the genitals. P. tabescen'tium, parasite of the lousy disease, morbus pedicularis, or ped- iculosis corporis, the same as the following. P. vestimen'ti, the body loHse, living in the clothing, for the most part, going on the body only to feed. pedicure (ped'1-kur) [L. pes(ped-), foot, -1- cura, treatment.] A chiropodist. pedilu'vium [L. pes(ped-), foot, 4- luere, to wash.] A foot-bath. pediococc'us, pediococ'ci [G. pedion, plain, + kokkos, berry.] A group of bacteria embracing the cocci which divide in two planes, the new individuals remaining together to form sheets or merismo- pedia. pedional'gia [G. pedion, sole of the foot, -t- algos, pain.] Pain in the sole of the foot. pediopho'bia, psediopho'bia [G. paidion, a little child, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear aroused by the sight of a child or of a doll. pedistibulum (ped-J-stib'u-lum) [L. pes, foot, -|- stabulum, stall.] Stapes. peditls (p«-di'(de')tis) [L. pes^ped-), foot, -t- G. -itis.'\ Inflammation of the coffin bone and lam- inae in the horse. ped"obar"omacrom'eter [G. pais(,paid-), child, -I- baros, weight, + makros, length, -I- metron, measure.] A form of scales for weighing a baby and at the same time measuring its length. PEDOBAROMETER 746 PELMATIC ped"obarom'eter [G. pais(paid-), child, + baros, weight, + meiron, measure.] Scales for weighing a baby. pedodynamometer (ped"o-di-na-inom'e-tur) [L. pes- (ped-), foot. + G. dynamis, force. + metron measure.] An instrument for measuring the strength of the leg muscles. pedog'amy [G. pais(paid-), child, + gamos, mar- riage,] Endogamy. pedologist (pe-dol'o-jist) . One who is skilled in pedology. pedol'ogy, paedol'ogy [G. pais(paid-), child, + -logiaJ] The branch of biology' and of sociqjogy which deals with the child in his physical, mental, and social development. pedom'eter, paedom'eter [G. pais(paid-), child, + metron, measure.] An instrument for taking anthropological measurements of children. pedom'eter [L. pes{ped-), foot, -I- G. metron, measure.] Podometer. pedonosology, paadonosoldgy (ped"o-n6-sol'o-jI) [G. pais(paid-), child, -f- nosos, disease, + -logia.] The branch of medical science which has to do with the diseases of children— pediatrics. pedophilia, paedophilia (ped-o-fil'l-ah) [G. pais, child, + philos, fond.] Fondness for children. peduncle (pe'dung-kl) [L. pedunculus, dim. of pes, foot.] I. A stalk or stem, pedicle or pedicel, forming the attachment of a non-sessile tumor. 2. A crus or brachium of the brain; see pedun- culus. callo'sal p., pedunculus corporis callosi. infe'rior cerebell'ar p., corpus restiforme [BNA]. middle cerebell'ar p., brachium pontis [BNA]. pin'eal p., habenula [BNA]. supe'iior ceiebell'ar p., brachium conjunctivum [BNA]. pedun'cular. Relating to a pedimcle. pedun'culate, pedun'culated. Pedicellate, stalked, having a peduncle, not sessile. pedun'culus, pi. pedun'culi [L. dim. of pes, foot.] Peduncle, p. cer'ebri [BNA], cerebral peduncle, crus cerebri, a large white bundle emerging, in close relation with its fellow, from the upper part of the pons and passing outward and for- ward to enter the cerebrum, p. cor'poris callo'- si [BNA], peduncle of the corpus callosum, a term som.etimes applied to the gyrus subcallosus because of its position immediately under the anterior part of the corpus callosum. p. cor'- poris mamilla'ris, peduncle of the mammillary body, fasciculus* pedunculomamillaris. p. cor'- poris plnea'lis, peduncle of the pineal body, habenula [BNA]. p. flocc'uli [BNA], the lateral expansion of the posterior medullary velum toward the flocculus of the cerebellum on either side. p. thal'ami, peduncle of the thalamus, one of several groups or strands of fibers streaming out from the thalamus to every part of the cor- tex; they are designated anterior, superior, posterior, and inferior peduncles, or the frontal, parietal, occipital, and ventral stalks of the thalamic radiation. pee'nash. An East Indian term for a mjfiasis, or maggot-infestation of the nasal fossas. peg'nin [G. pegnyo, I solidity.] A preparation of the milk-curdling enzyme of calf's rennet. peinotherapy (pi-no-ther'S-pI). Pinotherapy. pelade (pS-lad') [Fr. peler, to remove the hair from a hide.] Alopecia areata. pel'age [Fr.] The hairy covering of the body of man and the lower animals. Pel-Ebstein disease' [Pieter Klazes Pel, Dutch physician, *i852; Wilhelm Ebstein, German physician, 1836-1912.] Lymphadenoma with periodic pyrexia. pelidno'ma [G. pelidnos, livid, -I- -oma.] A circum- scribed livid patch on the skin. pelio'ma. i. Pelidnoma. 2. Peliosis. pelio'sis [G. peliosis, a livid spot, livor.] Piupura. p. rheumat'ica, purpura rheumatica. pellag'ra [It. pelle, skin, + agro, rough.] Erythema endemicum, Lombardy leprosy, elephantiasis italica, dermatagra, maidism, psychoneurosis maidica. An affection characterized by gastroin- testinal disturfiances, erythema followed by desquamation, and nervous and mental dis- orders. It is endemic in Spain and Italy and is not uncommon in parts of the United States; it was formerly believed to be an intoxication caused by eating diseased maize, but now believed by many to be a disease of protozoan causation. p. si'ne p., p. without the characteristic erj^hema usually present. pellagrazeine (pel-S-gra'ze-en). A hypothetical ptomaine from diseased maize, suggested as the exciting cause of pellagra. pellagrin (pel'3,-grin) [It. pellagrino.] One who suf- fers from pellagra. pell'agrous. Relating to or suffering from pellagra. pell'ant [L. pellans; pellare, to drive.] Causing the removal of "peccant humors"; depurative. pell'et [Fr. pelote; L. pila, a ball.] A pilule, a granule, a minute pill. In homeopathy a granule of sugar of milk impregnated with a dilution of definite potency; adult dose, 10 pellets, children 3 to 5 pellets. pelletierinfe tannas (pel-et-e-ri'ne ta;n'as). (U.S.) Pelletierine tannate, punicine tannate, a mixture of the tannates of four alkaloids of pomegranate bark (see pelletierine); a brownish gray tasteless powder, used as a teniacide in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5) ; in large doses it paralyzes the peripheral nerve endings like curare. pelletierine (pel-et'6r-en) [after Bertrand Pelletier, a French chemist, 1761-1797.] Punicine, a volatile liquid alkaloid, CgHuNO, one of four alkaloids from pomegranate bark {pelletierine, iso-, methyl', and pseudo-pelletierine), a mixture of the tannates of all of which is the official (U.S.) pelletierinae tannas. p. sul'phate, a mixture of the sulphates of p. and isopelletierine ; a brownish syrupy liquid or crystalline masses used as a teniacide in doses of gr. 4—6 (o. 25—0.4). pell'icle (pel'l-kl) [L. pellicula, dim of pellis, skin.] I. Thin skin, cuticle. 2. A film or scum on the surface of a liquid; especially the scum on the surface of standing urine, epistasis. pellicula (pS-lik'u-lah) [L. , dim. of pellis, skin.] Epidermis. pellic'ular, pellic'ulous. Relating to a pellicle, cu- ticular, characterized by a scum. p. enteri'tis, mucomembranous enteritis. pell'itory. 1. Pyrethrum. 2. Parthenium. 3 Parietaria. pellote (pa-yo'ta) [Aztec, peyottl.] A narcotic, causing hallucinations and unconsciousness, de- rived from a species of ca.ctTis, Anhelonium lewinii. pell'otine. An alkaloid from .A nAa/owttw william- sii, a Mexican cactus ; the hydrochloride is used as a hypnotic and in maniacal excitement in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06). pellucid (pel-lu'sid) [L. pellucidus; per, through, -H lucere, to shine.] Translucent, p. septum, septum lucidum, septum pellucidum [BNA]. p. zone, zona pellucida, the outer layer, so- called membrane, of the ovum. pel'ma [G.] The sole of the foot, planta. pelmat'ic [G. pelma, sole.] Relating to the sole of the foot. PELMATOGRAM 747 PELVIS pelmat'ogram [G. pelma{pelmai-), sole of the foot, + gramma, a picture.] An imprint of the sole of the foot, made by resting the inked foot on a sheet of paper, or by pressing the greased foot on a plaster-of-Paris paste. pelohe'mia, pelohae'mia [G. pelos, the lees of wing, + haima, blood.] Inspissation of the blood, pachye- mia, pachyhemia, pycnohemia. pelopathy (pe-lop'S-tW) [G. pelos, mud, + pathos, suffering.] Pelotherapy. pel'osine. An alkaloid from the root of Cissam- pelos pareira, often substituted for pareira; it is supposed to be the same as bebeerine. pe'lother'apy [G. pelos, mud, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of disease by means of mud- baths. pel'tate [L. pelta, a light shield.] Shield-shaped, noting a leaf with the stalk attached to some part of the surface away from the margin. pelta'tion [L. pelta, a light shield.] i. 'A peltate attachment of the leaf to the stalk. 2. The prophylactic influence of inoculation with an"" antitoxic serum or with a vaccine. pelveoperitonitis (pel"ve-o - per - J - 16 - ni'(ne')tis) . Pelviperitonitis . pel'vic. Relating to a pelvis, p. blotches, p. spots. p. direc'tion, the curved line denoting the direc- tion of the axis of the canal of the pelvis, p. girdle, see girdle, p. spots, fluoroscopic round or oval shadows sometimes seen in the neighborhood of the inferior spine of the ilium and of the horizontal ramus of the pubis; what the bodies are that cast the shadows is undetermined. pelvicliseometer (pel'M-kliz-e-om'e-ter) [L. pelvis + G. klisis, inclination, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of incli- nation of the pelvis. pelvifixa'tion [L. pelvis + fixus; figere, to fix.] Surgical attachment of a floating pelvic organ to the wall of the cavity. pel'vigraph [L. pelvis + G. grapho, I write.] An instrument whereby the contour and dimensions of the pelvis may be drawn to scale. Pelvigraph. pelvim'eter [L. pelvis + G. metron, measure.] An instrument shaped like calipers for measioring the diameters of the pelvis. pelvim'etiy. Measurement of the diameters of the pelvis. . pelvioperitonitis (pel"ve-o-per-i[-to-ni'(ne')tis). Pel viperitonitis. pel'vioplasty [L. pelvis + G. plasso, I form.] Sym- physeotomy or hebotomy for enlargement of the pelvic outlet. . pelvios'copy [L. pelvis + G. skoped, I examme.J Examination of the pelvis to determine its diam- eters or for any other purpose. pelviot'orav [L. pelvis + G. tome, incision.] i Symphyseotomy or hebotomy. 2. An mcision into the pelvis of the kidney for the removal of a calculus or for any other purpose. pelviperitonitis (pel-vi-per-r-ta-ni'(ne')tis). Pelvic peritonitis.* . pelvis [L. basin.] ±. The massive cup-shaped rmg of bone, with its ligaments, at the lower end o£ the trunk, formed of the innominate bone or os coxae (the pubic bone, ilium, and ischium) on either side and in front, and the fifth lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and coccyx posteriorly, a. Any basin-like or cup-shaped cavity, as the pelvis of the kidney. assimila'tion p., one into the formation of which an assimilation sacrum* enters, the type being that of a slightly funnel-shaped p. beaked p., rostrate p. brim of the p., inlet of the p., superior strait, aper- tura pelvis superior; the narrow ring formed by the line of the promontory of the sacrum and the iliopec- tineal lines, separating the false from the true pelvis Diameters of the False Pelvis and the Pelvic Brim. caoutchouc' p., a p. in a case of osteomalacia in which the bones are still soft. cor' date p., cor'difonn p., heart-shaped p., one with sacrum projecting forward between the ilia, giving to the brim a heart shape. coxal'gic p., an obliquely contracted p. resulting from the uneven pressure of the two femora in a case of hip-disease in early life. diaphragm of the p., the muscles on the inner sur- face of the pelvis, the levatores ani and the coccygei on either side. dwarf p., p. nana. Naegele Pelvis. false p., the expanded portion of the pelvis above the brim, p. major. flat p., p. plana. . funn'el-shaped p., one in which the pelvic outlet is contracted in the transverse or in both transverse and anteroposterior diameters. halisteref ic p., a deformed p. due to softening of the bones through absorption of the lime salts. indianibber p., caoutchouc p. in'let of the p., brim of the p. ju'venile p., a p. justo minor in which the bones are slender. ' EU'ian's p., p. spinosa. kyphoscoliofic p., an unevenly contracted rachitic p. associated with rachitic kyphoscoliosis. PELVIS 748 PELVITHERM kyphotic p., a deformed p. associated with angular spinal curvature; the nature and degree of the deform- ity vary with the seat and extent of the kyphosis. large, p., p. major. lordot'ic p., a deformed p. associated with lordosis. malacos'teon p., an osteomalacic or rachitic p. mas'culine p., (i) a p. justo minor in which the bones are large and heavy; (2) a slight degree of funnel- shaped p. in the woman, in which the shape approxi- mates that of the male p. Nae'gele p., an obliquely contracted, or unilatera synostotic, i)elvis, marked by arrest of development of one lateral half of the sacrum, usually ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint on that side, rotation of the sacrum toward the same side and deviation of the symphysis pubis to the opposite side. Osteomalacic Pelvis. osteomala'cic p., a variously deformed and con- tracted p. resulting from the bending of the softened bones in osteomalacia. ouflet of the p., inferior strait, apertura pelvis in- ferior; bounded by the tip of the coccyx, the ischia and ischiopubic rami, and the lower edge of the symphysis pubis. p. sequabil'iter justo major, p. justo major. p. squabil'iter justo minor, p. justo minor. p. fal'sa, false p., p. major. p. justo major, one in which all the diameters are equally enlarged. p. justo minor, one of female type, but with all its diameters smaller than normal. Robert's Transversely Contracted Pelvis. p. ma'jor [BNA], large p., false p., the flaring portion of the pelvis above the iliopectineal line. p.. mi'nor [BNA]. small p., true p., the narrow por- tion of the p. below the iliopectineal line, p. na'na, dwarf p., a very small p., in which the several bones are united by cartilage as in the infant p. obtec'ta, a form of kyphotic p. in which the angular curvature is low down and extreme so that the spinal column projects horizontally across the inlet of the pelvis. p. of the gall-bladder, Hartmann's pouch. p. pla'na, flat p., orie in which the anteroposteiror diameter is uniformly contracted, the sacrum being dislocated forward between the iliac bones. p. rena'lis [BNA], a flattened funnel-shaped cavity in the kidney, the broad end receiving the calyces, the apex being continuous with the ureter. p. spino'sa, Kilian's p., a form of rachitic pelvis in which the crest of the pubes is sharp and the insertions of the psoas minor muscle are ossified, forming spiny projections. p. spu'ria, false p., p. major. p. triradia'ta, an osteomalacic p. in which both the acetabula and the promontory encroach markedly upon the canal. p. ve'ra, true p., p. minor. Prague p., spondylolisthetic p. Scoliotic Pelvis. pseud'o-osteomala'cic p., an extreme degree of rachitic p. in which the pelvic canal is obstructed by a forward projection of the sacrum, and an approxi- mation of the acetabula. rachific p., a contracted and deformed p., most commonly a flat p., occurring from racliitic softening of the bones in early life. ren'iform p., a modified cordate p., with a long transverse diameter, giving the brim a kidney shape. Rob'ert's p., one which is narrowed transversely in consequence of the almost entire absence of the als of the sacrum. Rokitan'sky's p., spondylolisthetic p. ros'trate p., beaked p., a p. with an enlongated and narrow outlet. rubber p., caoutchouc p. scoliof ic p., a deformed p. associated with lateral curvature of the spine. small p., p. minor. split p., one in which the symphysis pubis is absent, the pelvic bones being separated by quite an interval; It IS usually associated with exstrophy of the bladder. spon'dylolisthet'ic p., Prague p., Rokistansky's p.; one whose brim is more or less occluded by a disloca- tion forward of the body of the lower lumbar vertebra. true p., the narrow portion of the pelvis below the brim, p. minor. pelvisa'cral. Relating to both the pelvis, or innom- inate bones, and the sacrum. pelvisternum (pel-vl-stur'num) . The cartilage of the symphysis pubis, the analogue in the pelvic girdle of the sternum in the shoulder girdle. pelvitherm (pelM-thurm) [L. pelvis + G. therm, heat.] An instrument for applying heat to the pelvic organs; it consists of a hollow metallic rod with bulbous extremity containing a mass of asbestos powder which is heated by the passage of an plf^r-t,-,*^ ,n,,*.,.a«4- PJiLVllUMY 749 PENIS pelvit'omy. Pelviotomy. pelviureterography (pel-vi-u-re-ter-og'ra-fl). Pyelog- raphy, radiography of the ureter and renal pelvis after the injection of coUargol, argyrol, or some similar substance. pelvos'copy. Pelvioscopy. pelycal'gia [G. pelyx(pelyk-), basin (pelvis), + algos, pain.] Pelvic pain. pelycochirometresis (pel'l-ko-ki-ro-me-tre'sis) [G. pelys, pelvis, + cheir, hand, + metresis, a meas- uring.] Manual pelvimetry, estimation of the length of the diameters of the pelvis by the spread of the lingers in the vagina. pelycology (pel"I-koro-jr) [G. pelyx(pelyk-), basin (pelvis), -I- -logia.] The study of the pelvis in all its relations, especially the female pelvis in its relation to pregnancy and childbirth. pelycometiy (pel"I-kom'e-trI [G. pelyx(pelyk-), basin (pelvis), + metron, measure.] Pelvimetry, measurement of the pelvic diameters. pem'phigoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling pemphigus, pem'phigus [G. pemphix, a blister.] An affection of the skin characterized by the production of bullae, p. acu'tus, acute p., a form of p. running an acute, usually febrile course, frequently ter- minating fatally, p. chlorot'icus, p. virginum. p. chron'icus, p. vulgaris, p. circina'tus, derma- titis herpetiformis, p. contagio'sus, (i) a disease endemic in the Philippines and neighboring countries, marked by a vesicular eruption in the axillae and on the contiguous surfates of the thighs; it is apparently a purely local affection, constitutional disturbances being absent; (2) p. neonatorum; (3) Hanson's* pyosis. p. croupo'sus, the formation of a false membrane on the raw surface left after rupture of the bullae of pemphigus, p. diphtherit'icus, p. crouposus. p. epidem'icus, p. contagiosus. p. febii'lis, p. acutus. p. folia'ceus [L. leafy], a form of p. in which the lesions persist and rupture, leaving denuded surfaces exuding a seropurulent fluid which dries on the surface ; nearly the entire body may finally become involved and the buccal mucous membrane is often affected as well ; it causes death from exhaustion, p. haemor- rhag'icus, p. in which there is more or less admix- ture of blood with the serum of the bullas. p. hyster'icus, an eruption of bullae occurring as an hysterical manifestation, p. lepro'sus, an erup- tion of bullae, occurring sometimes in the course of anesthetic leprosy, p. neonato'rum, an erup- tion of bullae with serous or purulent contents, affecting young infants, p. neurot'icus, an erup- tion of bullae, due to a trophic nerve lesion, occur- ring in the course of a number of organic nervous affections, p. prurigino'sus, p. accompanied with great itching, p. syphilit'icus, a bullous eruption occurring in congenital syphilis, p. veg'etans, a chronic p. in which the bullae persist and rup- ture, papillomatous vegetations springing from the denuded surfaces, p. vir'ginum, a form of acute p. occurring in chlorotic girls, p. vulga'ris, p. chronicus, an eruption of bullae without evident cause; the lesion has no red areola, and is at first filled with clear serum which later becomes puru- lent; there may be slight burning or itching, but the subjective symptoms are usually not marked. pen'cil [L. petUcillum, a paint-brush.] i. A roll of lint or other material in the form of a cylinder. 2. A stick of lunar caustic pointed like a pencil. 3. All the rays of light focussed at a given point. p. ten'derness, strictly localized tenderness. elicited by pressure with the rubber tip of a pencil, in cases of incomplete or subperiosteal fracture for example. Pendj'deh or Penj'deh sore [Penjdeh, a town in Russian Turkestan.] Oriental boil.* pen'dular. Relating to or moving hke a pendulum. p. move'ment, a to-and-fro movement of the intestine, without any propelling or peristaltic action, whereby the contents are churned and thoroughly mixed with the intestinal ferments. pen'dulous [L. pendulus; pendere, to hang.] Hang- ing freely or loosely, p. palate, velum pendu- lum palati. pen'dulum-rhythm. A changed rhythm of the heart sounds, in which the two (diastolic and systolic) are alike in pitch and duration,, like the click of a swinging pendulum. pen'etrate [L. penetratus; penetrare, to enter.] To pierce, to pass into the deeper tissues or into a cavity. penetra'tion. i. Piercing, entering. .1. Mental acumen. 3. The power of the objective of a microscope of giving a moderately clear image at some distance on either side of its exact focus. penetrometer (pen-e-trom'e-tur) [G. metron, meas- ure.] A device for measuring the penetrating power of the »-rays from any given tube, and thus determining the degree of hardness of the tube. pen'ghawar djam'bi. Cibotium, the light hairs from Cibotium djambianum, an East Indian tree-fern, employed as a mechanical styptic in wounds. pe'nial. Relating to the penis, penile. penicilliosis (pen-i-sil-i-o'sis). Any disease caused by a species of Penicillium. Penicill'ium [L. penicillus, paint-brush.] A genus of moulds or saprophytic fungi. P. glaucum, the common mildew. penicil'lus, pi. penicilli [L. a painter's brush.] One of the tufts formed by the repeated subdivision of the minute arterial t*igs in the spleen. penile (pe'nil). Penial, relating to the penis. pe'nis [L.] The organ of copulation in the male; it is formed of three columns of erectile tissue, two arranged laterally on the dorsum {corpora cavernosa penis) and the third mesially below {corpus cavernosum urethra [BNA], or corpus spongiosum); the urethra traverses the latter; the extremity (glans penis) is formed by an expansion of the corpus spongiosum, and is more or less completely covered by a free fold of skin (preputium). clubbed p., a deformity of the p. when erect, consisting in a more or less marked curve to one or the other side or toward the scro- tum, p. bone, see bone. p. capti'vus, a rare accident during coitus, in which the penis is firmly held by spasmodic contraction of the vaginal and perineal musculature, preventing its withdrawal, p. cer'ebri, pineal body. p. fem- in'eus, p. muliebris, p. luna'tus, chordee. p. mulie'bris, clitoris, p. palma'tus, webbed p., a p. more or less completely enclosed by the scrotum. abnormal urethral opening, penischisis; epispadia (above), hypospadia (below), paraspadia (side). adhesion to scrotum, synoscheos. amputation, peot- omy. cancer, phallocarcinoma'. curvature, phallo- campsis, chordee, penis lunatus. discharge, urethrorrhea, caulorrhea, phallorrhea, blennorrhea, phalloblennorrhea, gonorrhea, gleet, erection, priapism, failure of erection, cauloplegia. hemorrhage, caulorrhagia, urethrorrhagia, phallorrhagia. inflam- mation, priapitis, phallitis, penitis; posthitis (prepuce), balanitis (glans) ; balanooosthitis (glans and prepuce) ; cavernitis (corpora cavernosa), urethritis, large, macrophallus, megalopenis. narrow prepuce, phimo- sis; paraphimosis (retracted), pain, phallalgia, phallo- djmia; posthalgia (prepuce); uretnralgia, urethro- PEI 7SO PEPTIDOLYTIC dynia. plastic surg^, phalloplasty; posthioplasty (prepuce); balanoplasty (glans). removal of prepuce, circumdsion, pentomy, postheotoray, posthetomy. retraction, phallocrypsis. small size, microcaulia, microphallus, swelling, phalloncus. penischlsis (pe-nis'Kt-sis) [L. perns, + G. schists, fissure.] A fissure of the penis resulting in an abnormal opening into the urethra, either above (epispadia), below {hypospadia), or to one side (paraspadia). penitis (pe-ni'(ne')tis) P>. penis + G. -iiis.] In- fiammation of the penis, phallitis, priapitis. pen'nate [L. penna, feather.] Penniform, feathered, resembling a feather, p. muscle, a muscle with a central or lateral tendon toward which the fibers run like the barbs of a feather toward its shaft ; when the fibers run to one side of a tendon only, the muscle is called unipennate, when they converge to both sides of a central tendon, they are called bipennate. penn'iform [L. penna, feather, + forma, form.] Shaped like a feather, pennate. pennyroy'al. Mentha paiegium. penn'yweight. A troy weight of -^ ounce, or 24 grains. penology, pcenology (pe-nol'o-jl) [G. poine, penalty, + -logia.'] The science which relates to correction or punishment for crime. penoscrotal (pe"no-skro'tal). Relating to both penis and scrotum. pentaba'sic [G. pente, five, + basis, base.] Noting an acid having five replaceable hydrogen atoms. pen'tad [G. pentas, the number five.] i. A collec- tion of five things in some way related. 2, In chemistry, a quinquevalent element. pentadac'tyl, pentadac'tyle (pen-tah-dak'til) [G. pente, five, + daktylos, finger.] Having five fingers or toes on each hand or foot. pentaglu'cose. Pentose. pen'tal. Trimethylethylene, a pure form of am- ylene; a colorless, volatile liquid, with an odor of mustard ; used as a general anesthetic, especially in dentistry. pentameth"ylendi'anune. Cadaverine. pen'tane. Amyl hydride, CjHu, a liquid hydro- carbon possessing anesthetic properties. Pentas'toma [G. pente, five, + stoma, mouth.] A genus of arthropods, usually now called Linguatula. P. denticula'tum, Porocephalus den- iiculatus, the larva of Linguatula rhinaria, some- times parasitic in the nose. P. monilifor'mis, Porocephalus moniliformis. P. tenioi'des, Lin- guatula rhinaria. Pentastom'ida. A group of parasitic worm-like animals, only occasionally found in man. It in- cludes two genera Linguatula and Porocephalus, both of which are sometimes called Pentastoma. pentatom'ic [G-. pente, five, + atomos, atom.] Not- ing a chemical element, five atoms of which occur in the molecule; noting a chemical com- pound having five replaceable hydrogen atoms. pentayaccine (pen-tah-vak'sen) [G. pentas, the number five. ] A vaccine recommended by Cas- tellani for travellers in Asia Minor and the southeastern Mediterranean region, consisting of a mixture of dead cultures of typhoid, para- typhoid A, paratyphoid B, cholera, and undu- lant fever. pentav'alent [G. pente, five, -I- L. valere, to have power.] Quinquevalent. pen'tene. Amylene. pen'tose [G. pente, five.] A monosaccharid contain- ing five carbon atoms in the molecule (CjHioOj); arabinose, obtained by boiling gum arable or the gum of the plum or cherry tree with sulphuric acid, is one of the best known pentoses. pentosu'ria. The presence of pentose in the urine, pentox'ide [G. pente, five.] An oxide containing five oxygen atoms. Penzoldt's test (pen'tsolt) [Franz Pemoldt, German physician, *i849.] (i) For acetone: a saturated solution of orthonitrobenzaldehyde with caustic soda is added to the urine, which turns yellow and then green if acetone is present. (2) For glucose: a solution of diazobenzolsulphonic acid with caustic potassa is added to the urine and shaken ; a red color appears if sugar is present. peotillomania (pe"o-tiI-o-ma'nI-ah) [G. peos, penis, + tillomai, I pull myself, + mania, frenzy.] False masturbation, pseudo-masturbation; a nervous tic consisting in constant pulling of the penis. peotomy (pe-ot'o-mi) [G. peos, penis, + tome, cut- ting.] Amputation of the penis. pe'po (U.S.). Pumpkin seed, the dried seed of Cucurhita pepo, pumpkin; a teniacide in doses of 51—2(30.0—60.0). pepp'er [L. piper."] Piper, black p., piper nigrum. red p., capsicum, white p., piper album, p. made by grinding bleached black pepper grains or by removing their enveloping membrane, or sarcocarp, before grinding. pep'permint. Mentha piperita. pep'sic. Peptic. pep'sin [G. pepsis, digestion.] A digestive ferment or enzyme (protease) of the gastric juice which converts proteins into peptones and proteoses, pepsinum.* sac'charated p., prepared by triturat- ing pepsin 1, with sugar of milk 9, was ofiicial in the U.S.P. 1890; dose 3f-2 (2.0-8.0). pep'sinate. To mix pepsin with. pepsiniferous [pepsin + L. ferre, to bear.] Produc- ing pepsin. pepsin'ogen. An enzjrme in the peptic cells of the stomach, which is converted into pepsin. pepsinogenous (pep-sin-oj'en-us) [pepsin + G. gennao, I produce.] Producing pepsin. pepsinum (pep-se'(si')num) [G. pepsis, digestion.] (U.S., Br.) A proteolytic enzyme contained in the gastric juice; it hydrolyzes protein in an acid medium, differing in this respect from trypsin which acts best in a sUghtly alkaline medium. Pepsin, extracted from the hog's stomach, is employed in indigestion of protein, in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). p. aromat'icum, aromatic pepsin; a mixture of pepsin, 10 per cent., with sodium chloride, tartaric acid, and sugar of milk; dose, 51 (2.0). pepsiu-u'nit. A measure of the pepsin content of the gastric juice; one hundred units in i c.c. of a I per cent, dilution of the gastric contents, obtained after an Ewald test breakfast, when added to 2 c.c. of a i per cent, solution of ricin will cause the latter to become dear. pep'tic. Relating to digestion or to pepsin, p. cells, chief or central cells, columnar or poly- hedral cells of the gastric glands, producing pepsin; distinguished from oxyntic cells. pep'tid. A secondary protein derivative, defined by the American Committee on Protein Nomen- clature as tt " definitely characterized combina- tion of two or more amino-acids, the carboxyl group of one being united with the amino group of the other, with the elimination of a molecule of water." peptidolytic (pep-tid-o-lit'ik) [peptid + G. lytikos, solvent.] Causing the cleavage or digestion of peptids. PEPTIZATION 7SI )US peptization (pep-ti-za'shun). In colloid chemistry, an increase in the degree of dispersion, tending toward a uniform distribution of the dispersed phase; the formation of a sol from a gel. peptize (pep'tiz) . In colloidal chemistry, to trans- form a gel into a sol, as when dry gelatine is "dissolved " or dispersed in water. peptobromeigon (pep-to-brom'i-gon). Trade name of a protein compound of bromine, recom- mended as a substitute for the bromides. peptocrinine ««, around, + 'L.ccecum.] Perityph pericecitis (per-I-se-si'(se')tis) [G. peri, around, L. cecum + G. -itis.] Perityphilitis. pericell'ular [G. peri, around, + L. eellula, ce Pericytial, surrounding a cell. pericemental (perl-se-men'tal) . Relating to i pericementum. pericementitis (p6r-r-se-men-ti'(te')tis). Periodc titis, chronic inflammation with gradual abso: tion of the alveolar structures of the ja Fauchard's disease. pericementum (per"i-se-men'tum) [G. peri, aroui -I- L. cementum, cement.] Periodontiun peridental membrane. pericen'tral [G. peri, around, -t- kentron, cente Surroimding the center. pericer'ebral [G. peri, arotmd, + cerebrum.] Arou the cerebrum. perichareia (pSr-I-ka-ri'ah) [G. excessive jo Delirious rejoicing. pericholangitis (pSr-l-ko-lan-ji'(je')tis) [G. pe around, + choli, bile, + angeion, vessel, + -itt Inflammation of the tissues around the bileduc pericholecystitis (per-i-ko-le-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. pe around, -t- chole, bile, + kystis, bladder, -I- -iti Inflammation of the peritoneum over the ga bladder. perichondria! (pSr-Jt-kon'dri-al). Relating to t perichondrium. perichondritis (pSr-l-kon-dri'(dre')tis). Inflamm tion of the perichondrium. perichondriujn (per-1-kon'dri-um) [G. peri, aroun + chondros, cartilage.] The fibrous membra: covering cartilage. perichord (perl-kord) The sheath of the not chord. perichordal (pSr-1-kor'dal). Surrounding the not chord ; relating to the perichord. perichorioidal, perichoroidal (per-I-ko-ri-oy'dal, pe I-ko-roy'dal)'. Surrounding the chorioid coat the eye. periclaustral (per-J-klaws'tral). Surrounding t: claustrum of the brain, p. lam'ina, capsula e trema, a layer of white substance separating tl claustrum from the cortex of the insula. pericli'nal [G. peri, around, + klino, I bend.] botany, running in the direction of the circut ference of a part. pericolitis (per-l-ko-li'(le')tis) [G. peri, around, kolon, colon, + -iiis.] Inflammation of the co: nective tissue or peritoneum surrounding tl colon, mem'branous p., a condition marked I the formation of veil- like adhesions (Jackson's membrane) over the bowel; it is not necessari! of inflammatory origin, p. dex'tra, p. involvii the ascending colon, p. sinis'tra, perisigmoiditi pericolonitis (per-i-ko-lon-i'(e')tis). Pericolitis. pericolpitis (per-![-kol-pi'(pe')tis) [G. peri, arouni -I- kolpos, sinus (vagina), + -itis.] Inflammatic of the connective tissue around the vagina. periconchal (per-I-kong'kal) [G. peri, around, konche, concha.] Surrounding the confcha of tl: auricle, p. sulcus, the groove on the posteric surface of the auricle corresponding to the ant helix. :ricorneal 7S4 PERIMASTITIS icor'neal [G. peri, around.] Surrounding the ;omea. icozltis (pSr-t-koks-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, + ^. coxa, hip, + G. -itis.] Inflammation of the issues surrounding the hip- joint. icra'nial. Relating to the pericranium; sur- ounding the skull. icranitis (pSr-I-kra-ni'(ne')tis) Inflammation of he pericranium. icra'nium [G. peri, about, + kramon, skull 'eriosteum of the skull. icys'tic [G. peri, about, + kystis, bladder . Surrounding the urinary bladder. 2. Sur- Dunding the gall-bladder. 3. Surrounding a cyst. icystitis (per-i-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, + ystis, bladder, + -His.'] Inflammation of the issues surrounding a bladder, especially the rinary bladder; see pericholecystitis. icys'tium [G. peri, around, + kystis, bladder, yst.] I. The tissues surrovmding the urinary ladder or gall-bladder. 2. A vasctdar invest- lent of a cystic tumor. Icytial (per-1-sish'al) [G. peri, around, -f- kytos ell.] Surrounding a cell or cells, pericellular. ;dec'tomy [G. peri, aroimd, -I- ektome, excision.] eritomy. idendrit'ic [G. peri, around, + dendron."] Sur- Dijnding the dendrites of a neuron. den'tal [G. peri, around, -t- L. dens{dent-), tooth.] eriodontal, surrounding a tooth or part of a tooth. derm (per'I-durm) [G. peri, around, + derma, kin.] I. Cuticle. 2. Rete mucosum, stratum erminativum [BNA]. 3. In botany, the cork lyer surrounding a stem. der'mal, perider'mic. Cuticular, relating to le periderm. des'mic [G. peri, around, + desmos, band.] urrounding a ligament, periligamentous; relat- tg to the peridesmium. desmitis (per-i-dez-mi'(me')tis) [G. peri; around, - desmos, band, + -itis.] Inflammation of the jnnective tissue surrounding a ligament. des'mium [G. peri, around, -I- desmion; desmos, a and.] The connective-tissue membrane sur- >unding a ligament. diastole (pgr-K-di-as'to-le) [G. peri, aroimd.] he interval preceding the diastole of the heart, rediastole. Jiastol'ic. Prediastolic lid'ymis [G. peri, around, -)- didymis, testis.] he tunica albuginea testis. lidymitis (p6r-I-did-!(-mi'(me')tis). Inflamma- Dn of the perididymis. iiverticulitis (per"I-di-ver-tik-u-li'(le')tis) [G. m, around, -I- L. diverticulum + G, -itis.] In- immation of the tissues around an intestinal verticulum. sncephalitis (pSr-J-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, ound, + enkephalos, brain, -I- -itis.] Inflam- ation of the cerebral membranes, particularly ptomeningitis or inflammation of the pia ater. sncephalomeningitis (p£r-<-en-sef-al-o-men-in- (je')tis) [G. peri, around, + enkephalos, brain, meninximening-), membrane, -I- -itis.] In- immation of the cerebral cortex and meninges. indotheUoma (pSr-I-en-do-the-H-o'mah). A ixed perithelioma and endothelioma. snter'ic [G. peri, around, -I- enteron, intestine.] irrounding the intestine. snteritis (p6r-I-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, enteron, intestine, + -itis.] Inflammation of e peritoneal investment of the intestine. in'teron [G. peri, around, -I- enteron, intestine.] The primitive perivisceral cavity in the embryo, the space between the ectoderm and endoderm in the gastrula. periepen'dymal [G. peri, around.] Surroimding the ependyma. Pgrier's opera'tion (pa-re-a') [Charles Pirier, French surgeon, 1836-1914.] Bloodless ampu- tation of an everted uterus by means of an elastic ligature. periesophageal, pericesophageal (p6r-I-e-so-faj'e-al). Surrounding the esophagus. periesophagitis, perioesophagitis (pSr-iI-e-sof"a-ji'- (je')tis). Inflammation of the tissues surround- ing the esophagus. perifolliculitis (p&-J(-fol-ik-u-li'(le')tis). Inflamma- tion of the tissues surrounding the hair-follicles. perigangliitis (p6r-J-gaug-gli-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- tion of the tissues surrounding a ganglion. periganglion'ic. Surrounding a ganglion, especially a nerve-ganglion. perigas^tric [G. peri, around, 4- gaster, belly, stom- ach.] Surrounding the stomach. perigastritis (p6r-I-gas-tri'(tre')tis). Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the stomach, perigemmal (per"i-jem'al) [G. peri, around, + L. gemma, bud.] Circumgemmal, surrounding a bud-like or bulb-like body, noting especially a mode of nerve termination by fibrils surroiinding an end-bulb. periglandulitis (p6r-I-glan-du-li'(le')tis. Inflamma- tion of the tissues surrounding a gland. periglott'ic [G. peri, around, -f glossa, glotta, tongue; glottis, glottis.] Around the tongue, especially around the base of the tongue and the epiglottis. periglott'is [G. peri, around, + glossa, glotta, tongue.] The mucous membrane of the tongue. perigone (per'i-gon) [G. peri, around, -|- gone, seed.] Periaftth. perigynous (pSr-ij'in-us) [G. peri, around, -\- gyne, woman (pistil).] In botany noting a flower in which the torus is hollowed out in the form of a cup. perihepat'ic [G. peri, around, -H heparQiepat-), liver,] Surrounding the liver. perihepatitis (per-I-hep-a-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, -)- hepar(hepat-), liver, -t- -itis.] Inflammation of the serous, or peritoneal, covering of the liver. periher'nial, periher'niary. Surrounding a hernia. perikerat'ic [G. peri, arotmd, -f keras, horn.] Sur- rounding the cornea, pericorneal. perilabyrinthitis (per-i-lab-ir-in-thi'(the')tis). In- flammation of the parts about the labyrinth. perilaiyn'geal. Surrounding the larynx. perilaryngitis (p6r-I-lar-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. peri, a- round, + larynx(laryng-) + -His.] Inflamma- tion of the tissues around the larynx. periligamen'tous [G. peri, around, -h L. ligamentum, ligament.] Peridesmic. per'ilymphj perilym'pha [G. peri, around, + L. lympha, a clear fluid.] Liquor Cotunnii, the fluid contained within the osseous labyrinth, surrounding and protecting the membranous labyrinth. perilymphan'gial [G. peri, around, -\- lymphangeion, lymphatic vessel.] Surrounding a lymphatic vessel. perilymphangitis (p«r-I-lim-fan-ji'(je')tis [G. peri, around, -I- L. lympha, lymph, -I- G. angeion, vessel, -t- -itis.] Inflammation of the tissues sur- rounding a lymphatic vessel. perilymphat'ic. Surrounding a lymphatic vessel. perimastitis (pSr-I-mas-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, -t- mastos, breast, -|- -itis.] Inflammation of the connective tissue around the breast. PERIMENINGITIS 7SS PERIONYCHIUM perimeningitis (p6r-I-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. peri, around, + meninx(fnening-), membrane, + -itis'l Inflammation of the perimeninges, or dura mater; pachymeningitis. perim'eter [G. peri, around, + metron, measure.] I A circumference, edge, or border. 2. An instrument for delimiting the field of vision and measuring the degree of strabismus. It consists of a semicircular frame at the center of which the patient looks while a white object is moved along the arc, the exact point where it becomes visible being noted and recorded. perimet'ric. i. [G. peri, aroimd, + metra, uterus.] Surrounding the uterus, relating to the perime- trium. 2. [G. /)mme«ros, circumference ] Relat- ing to (a) the circumference of any part or area, or (fc) perimetry. perimetrit'ic. Relating to or marked by perimetritis. perimetritis (pSr-I-me-tri'(tre')tis). Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the uterus. perime'trium [G. peri, around, + metra, uterus.] The serous (peritoneal) coat of the uterus. perimetry (per-im'e-trJ) [G. perimeiros, circtunfer- ence.] The determination of the limits of the visual field perimy'elis [G. peri, around, -I- myelos, marrow.] i . The membrane lining the central cavity of a bone, endosteum. 2. The pia mater of the spinal cord. perimyelitis (per-I-mi-el-i'(e')tis). i. Endostitis. -i. Spinal leptomeningitis. perimyoendocarditis (per-i(-mi"o-en-do-kar-di'(de')- tis). Endoperimyocarditis. perimyositis (p§r-I-mi-o-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of the loose cellular tissue surrounding a muscle. perimys'ial. Relating to the perimysium; sur- rounding a muscle. perimysiitis, perimysitis (p6r-i[-mis-l-i'(e')tis, p§r-I- mis-i'(e')tis). 1. Inflammation of the perimys- ium, .i. Perimyositis. perimysium (per-e-miz'i-mn) [G. peri, around, -f- mys, muscle.] The fibrous sheath enveloping each of the primary bundles of muscular fibers, p. ex- ter'num, epimysium. p. inter'num, perimysium. perinae'um. Perineum. perineal (per-I-ne'al). Relating to the perinemn. p. body, a wedge of fibrous tissue and fat between the rectum and vagina in the female, and the rectum and urethra in the male. p. fascia, three layers of fascia between the muscles of the perineum, p. hernia, perineocele, p. region, the region at the lower end of the trunk, anterior to the sacral region between the thighs; it is divided into the anal region posteriorly and the urogenital region anteriorly; see cut under regio. p. section, perineotomy. perineauzesis (per"i-ne-awks-e'sis) [G. perinaion, per- ineum, + auxesis, amplification.] Colpoperineor- rhapy. perineocele (pSr-J-ne'o-sel) [G. perinaion, perineum, + kele, hernia.] A hernia in the perineal region, between the rectum and the vagina, between the • rectum and the bladder, or alongside the rectum. perine'oplasty [G, perinaion, perineum, ^- plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the perineum; perineorrhaphy. perineorrhaphy (per-i-ne-or'rS-fi) [G. perinaion, perineum, + rhaphe, suture.] Repair of a ruptured perineum. periiteoscrotal (per-i-ne"o-skro'tal). Relating to the perineum and the scrotum. perineosyn'thesis [G. perinaion, perineum, -f- synthe- sis, a putting together.] Perineoplasty or peri- neorrhaphy in a case of extensive laceration of the perineum. perineot'omy [G. perinaion, perineum, + tome, incision.] Incision into the perineum, as in external urethrotomy, lithotomy, etc. perineovaginal (pSr-J-ne"o-vaj'in-al). Relating to the perineum and the vagina. perineph'rial. Relating to the perinephrium. perineph'ric [G. peri, around, -I- nephros, kidney.] Surrounding the kidney in whole or part. perinephrit'ic. Relating to perinephritis. perinephritis (per-i(-ne-fri'(fre')tis) [G. peri, around, + nephros, kidney, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the kidney; parane- phritis. perineph'rium [G. peri, around, + nephros, kidney.] The connective tissue and fat surrounding the kidney. perine'um, perins'um [G. perineon or perinaion.] The external surface or base of the perineal body, lying between the vulva and the anus in the female and the scrotum and the anus in the male. perineu'rial [G. peri, around + neuron, nerve.] Surrounding a nerve ; relating to the perineurium. perineuritis (p6r-I-nu-ri'(re')tis) \perineurium -Y G. -»V«.] Inflammation of the perineuriiun, or enveloping sheath of a nerve-trunk. perineu'rium [G. peri, around, -i- neuron, nerve.] The connective-tissue sheath surrounding the funiculus or bundle of nerve-flbers. perinuclear (per-J-nu'kle-ar) [G. peri, around, + L. nucleus^ Surrounding a nucleus. perioc'ular [G. peri, around, + L. oculus, eye.] Peri- ophthalmic, circumocular. pe'riod [G. periodos, a circle ; peri, around, -I- hodos, way.] 1. A certain duration or division of time. 2. One of the stages of a disease, as the p. of incubation, p. of convalescence, etc. monthly p., catamenia. period'ic. Recurring at regular intervals, noting a disease with regularly recurring exacerbations or paroxysms. periodicity (pe-re-6-dis'I-tI). The tendency to recurrence at regular intervals; in obstetrics, the disposition, during the course of pregnancy, to uterine contractions at times corresponding to the normal menstrual periods. periodon'tal [G. peri, around, -t- odous(odont), tooth.] Around a tooth. periodontia (per-i-o-don'shyah) [G. peri, around, -I- odousipdont-) , tooth.] A dental specialty devoted to the treatment of abnormal conditions in the tissues immediately about the teeth. periodontist (per-i-o-don'tist). A dentist who speciaUzes in periodontia. periodontitis (per-l-o-don-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the periodontium ; alveolar periostitis. periodon'tium [G. peri, around, + odous(pdont-), tooth.] Peridental membrane, alveolodental membrane, dental periosteum, pericementum; the membrane lining the alveolar cavity and covering the root of the tooth. periodontoclasia (per-i-o-don-to-kla'si-ah) [G. peri, around, + odous(odont-), tooth, -|- klasis, break- ing off.] Removal or destruction of the perio- dontal tissues. period'oscope [G. periodos, period of time, + skoped, I examine.] A table for finding the probable date of labor, calculated from the last menstrual period. perioesophag'eal. Periesophageal. periomphal'ic [G. peri, around, -I- omphalos, umbili- cus.] Around or near the umbilicus. perionychia (per-1-o-nik'J-ah) [G. peri, around, -I- onyx{pnych-), nail.] Inflammation of the peri- onychium ; whitlow. perionychium (p6r-I-o-nik1-um) [G. peri, around, + PERIONYCHIUM 7S6 PERIPHERGPHOSE onyx(onych-) , nail.] The epidermis forming the ungual wall behind and at the sides of the nail. perionyx'is. Perionychia. perioothecitiS (per-I-o"6-the-si'(se')tis) [G. peri, around, + dotheke, ovary, + -itis.] Inflamma- tion of the peritoneal covering of the ovary. perioothecosalpingitis [p6r-i-o-8-the"ko-sal-pin-ji'- (je')tis) [G. peri, around, + dotheke, ovary, + salpinx{salping-), trumpet, + -itis.} Inflamma- tion of the peritoneum and other tissues around the ovary and oviduct. perioophoritis (pSr-I-o-6-for-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, about, + oophoros, egg-bearer, + -itis.'] Perioothecitis. perioophorosalpingitis (per-!(-o-of"or-o-sal-pin-ji'(je')- tis). Perioothecosalpingitis. periophthal'mic [G. peri, around, + ophthalmos, eye,] Surrounding the eye, circumocular. periophthalmitis (per-I-of-thal-mi'(me')tis) [G. peri, around, + ophthalmos, eye, + -itis.1 In- flammation of the periophthalmic tissues. periople (perl-opl) [G. peri, aroimd, -I- hoplon, implement.] The layer of soft horn that covers the outer aspect of the hoof of the horse. perioptom'etry [G. peri, around, + optikos, referring to vision, + metron, measure.] Measurement of the field of vision. perio'ral [G. peri, around, -F L. os{fir-'), mouth.] Peristomatous, around the mouth. perior'bit, perior'bita [G. peri, around, -1- L. orbita, orbit.] The periosteum of the orbit of the eye perior'bital. i. Relating to the periorbita. 2. Circumorbital, surrounding the orbit. periorbititis (pSr-I-or-bi-ti'(te')tis). Orbital peri- ostitis, inflammation of the periorbita. periorchitis (pSr-i-or-l!:i'(ke')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- orchis, testis, -I- -itis^ Inflammation of the tunica vaginalis testis, p. hsemorrha'gica, chronic hematocele of the ttmica vaginalis testis. per'iost. Periosteum. perios 'teal. Relating to the periosteum . panosteitis (pSr-![-os-te-i'(e')tis). Peri- ostitis. periosteo'ma [G. peri, around, + osteon, bone, -)- -oma.] i. A tumor of the periosteum, n. A tumor surround- ing a bone. periosteomedullitis (pSr-i-os"te-o-m6- du-li'(le')tis) [G. peri, around, -f osteon, bone, + L. medulla, marrow, -t- G. -itis.l Periosteomyelitis. periosteomyelitis (p6r-J-os"te-o-mi-6-li'- (le')tis) [G. peri, around, -H osteon, bone, + myelos, marrow, -\- -itis.} Inflammation of the entire bone, with the periosteum and marrow, osteomyelitis. periosteophyte (per"J-os'te-o-fit) [G peri, around, + osteon, bone, + phyton, growth.] Periosteoma (i); a neoplasm of the periosteum. periosteo'sis [G. periosieon, periosteum, + -osis.] The formation of a peri- osteoma. perios'teotome [periosieon, periosteum, -i- tomos, cutting.] A strong scalpel- shaped knife for cutting the peri- osteum. periosteot'omy [G. periosieon, perios- teum, + tome, incision.] The opera- tion of cutting through the periosteum to the bone. perios'teous. Periosteal. perios'teum [G. periosieon; peri, around, -I- osteon, bone.] The thick fibrous membrane covering Periosteum Elevator. the entire surface of a bone except its articular cartilage; it consists of two layers : an irmer which is osteogenic, forming new bone tissue, and an outer connective-tissue layer conveying the blood-vessels and nerves supplying the bone. p. alveola're [BNA], periodontium, p. cra'nii, pericranium [BNA]. p. el'evator, a flattened bar of steel with narrow, but dull, ends; used to pry away the attachments of the periosteum to bone, when it is desired to preserve the former for plastic purposes. periostitis (per-l-os-ti'(te')tis) [G. periosieon -I- -itis.] Inflamma ion of the periosteum, albuminous p., p. associated with the exudation of an albuminous serous fluid beneath the affected membrane serous abscess, dental p., periodontitis. periosto'ma. Periosteoma. periosto'sis. Periosteosis, the formation of a perios- teoma. periostosteitis (pSr-I-os"tos-te-i'(e')tis) [G. perios- ieon, periosteum, + osteon, bone, + -itis.] In- flammation of a bone with involvement of the periosteum. perios'totome. Periosteotome. periostot'omy. Periosteotomy. periotic (per-I-o'tik) [G. peri, around, -I- ousi^oi-), ear.] Surrounding the internal ear, referring to the petromastoid portion of the temporal bone. p. bone, the petrous and mastoid portions of the temporal bone. periovaritis (pSr-I-o-var-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- L. ovarium, ovary, + G. -itis.] Perioothecitis. periovular (per-I-ov'u-lar) [G. peri, around, -(- L. ovulum, ovule.] Surrounding the ovum. peripachymeningitis (pSr-I-pa"ki-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. peri, around, -f- pachys, thick, + meninx- (mening-), membrane, -f- -itis.] Inflammation of the parietal layer of the dura mater. peripancreatitis (pSr-I-pan-kre-a-ti'(te')-tis) [G. peri, around, -I- pankreas (pankreai-) -F -itis.] Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the pan- creas. peripap'illai; [G. peri, around, -h L. papilla.] Sur- rounding a papilla, particularly the optic papilla. peripatetic (per"J-pa-tet'ik) [G. peripatesis, a walk- ing about.] Prone to walk about, noting certain cases of typhoid or other fever, in which the patient does not take to the bed. peripe'nial [G. peri, around, -1- L.penis.] Siuround- ing the penis. periphacitis, periphakitis (p6r-!-fa-si'-(se')tis, p«r-I- fa-ki'(ke')tis) [G. peri, around, -t- phakos, lens, -I- -iiisl] Inflammation of the capsule of the crys- talline lens of the eye. peripharyn'geal. Surrounding the pharynx. periph'erad [G. periphereia, periphery, -)- L. ad, to.] In a direction toward the periphery. periph'eral. Relating to or situated at the periph- ery, peripheric. peripheraphose (per-if'er-a-foz) [G. periphereia, the outer portion, -f a- priv. + phos, light.] The subjective sensation of a dark spot or patch, • the cause residing in the eye itself or the optic nerve, outside of the optic center in the brain. peripher'ic. Peripheral, situated at the periphery or on the surface of the body or an organ. periph"erocen'tral. Relating to both the periphery and the center of the body or any part. peripherophose (per-if'er-o-foz) [G. periphereia, the outer portion, -|- phos, light.] A subjective sen- sation of a light spot or patch, the cause residing in the eye itself or in the optic nerve, outside of the optic brain center. PERIPHEKY 757 PERISTOME periph'ery [G. periphereia; peri, around, + phero, I carry.] The part of a body away from the center, the outer part or surface. peripHebit'ic. Relating to periphlebitis. periphlebitis (per-l-fle-bi'(be')tis) [G . peri, around, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of the tissues sur- rounding it. per'iplast. [G. peri, around, + plaslos, formed.] 1. Stroma or matrix of an organ. 2. Cytoplasm, the protoplasm of a cell surrounding the nucleus, periblast. peiiplas'tic. i . Relating to the periplast or stroma of a tissue or organ. 2. Surrounding or formed around the nucleus, noting especially fiagella or other cell organs formed of the cytoplasm. peripleuritis (pSr-!l-plu-ri'(re')tis) [G. peri, around, + pleura, side, + -itis.] Inflammation of the connective tissue between the pleura and the wall of the thorax. perip'loca [G. periploke, a winding around.] The bark and stems of Periploca grceca, climbing dog's bane, silk vine, a plant of Southern Europe; employed as a cardiac tonic, like digitalis, in doses of 111J5-10 (0.3-Q.6) of a fluidextract. periplocin. A glucoside from Periploca grceca, a yellow amorphous powder with properties resem- bling those of digitalin ; it has been employed, as a cardiac tonic by hypodermic injection in doses of gr. rk-^V (0.0005-0.001). peripneumonia (per-I-nu-mo'nl-ah) [G. peri, a- round, + pneumon, lung.] i. Inflammation of the pulmonary pleura; pulmonary or visceral pleurisy. 2. Lobar pneumonia with involvement of the pleura, p. no'tha [L. nothus, spurious], con- gestion of the lungs. peripneumooitis (per-I-nu-mo-ni'(ne')tis) [G. peri, around, + pneumon, lung, + -itis.] Peripneumo- nia. peripo'lar [G. peri, around, + polos, pole.] Sur- rounding the pole or poles of any body, or any electric or magnetic poles. peripor'tal [G. peri, around, -1- L. porta, gate.] Peripylic. peiiproc'tic [G. peri, around, + proktos, anus.] Around the anus, circumanal. periproctitis (per-I-prok-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, + proktos, anus, + -itis.] Inflammation of the areolar tissue about the rectum. periprostat'ic [G. peri, around.] Surrounding the prostate. periprostatitis (per-l-pros-ta-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, + prostates, prostate, + -itis.] Inflam- mation of the tissues surrounding the prostate. peripylephlebitis (per-I-pi"Ie-fle-bi'(be')tis) [G. peri, around, + pyle, gate, + phleps{phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Inflammation of the tissues around the portal vein. peripy'lic [G. peri, around, + pyle, porta, gate.] Surrounding the portal vein. peripylor'ic [G. peri, around.] Surrounding the pylorus. perirec'tal [G. peri, around, + L. rectum.] Sur- rounding the rectum. perirectitis (p6r-i-rek-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, + L. rectum H- G. -itis.] Periproctitis. perire'nal [G. peri, around, -1- L. ren, kidney.] Perinephric, circumrenal. perirhi'nal [G. peri, around, -I- rhis(rhin^), nose.] Around the nose or nasal fossae. perisalpingitis (pgr-J-sal-pin-ji'(je')tis) [G. pen, around, + salpinx(salping-), trumpet, + -ttts.] Inflammation of the peritoneum covenng the Fallopian tube. perisalpingoovaritis (pSr-l-sal"pin-go-o-var-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, -f- salpinx(.salping-), trumpet, + L. ovarium, ovary, -t- G. -itis.] Periootheco- salpingitis. perisal'pinx [G. peri, around, -1- salpinx{salping-), trumpet.] The peritoneal covering of the oviduct. periscop'ic [G. peri, around, + skopeo, I view.] Noting the ability, or that which gives the ability, to see objects to one side as well as in the direct axis of vision, p. lens, a double micro- scopic lens with a diaphragm, between the two parts, having an aperture with a diameter one- fifth the focal length of the lens. perisinuitis (per-I-sin-u-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, + L. sinus -H G. -itis.] Inflammation of the parts surrounding a sinus, especially a cerebral sinus. perisigmoiditis (per-I-sjg-moy-di'(de')tis). Inflam- mation of the connective tissue surrounding the sigmoid flexure, giving rise to symptoms, refer- able to the left iliac fossa, similar to those of peri- typhlitis in the right iliac fossa; pericolitis sinistra. perisin'uous [G. peri, around.] Surrounding a sinus, especially a cerebral sinus. perisinusitis (p6r-i-si-nus-i'(e')tis). Perisinuitis. per'isperm [G. peri, around, 4- sperm.a, seed,] In botany, the nutrient material surrounding the embryo-sac in a seed, perispermatitis (p6r-l-spur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, 4- sperma, seed, + -itis.] Inflammation of the tissues around the spermatic cord. p. sero'sa, hydrocele of the spermatic cord. perisplanclinic (p8r-i-splank'nik) [G. peri, around, + splanchna, the internal organs, viscera.] Sur- rounding any viscus or viscera. perisplanchnitis (per-i-splank-m'(ne')tis) [G. peri, around, + splanchna, viscera, + -itis. ] Perivis- ceritis, visceral peritonitis; polyorrhomeningitis. perisplen'ic. Around the spleen. perisplenitis (p6r-I-sple-ni'(ne')tis) [G. peri, around, + splen, spleen, -1- -itis.] Inflammation of the peritoneum covering the spleen. perispondyl'ic [G. peri, around, + spondylos, ver- tebra.] Around a vertebra. perispondylitis (pgr-l-spon-dl-li'(le')tis) [G. peri, around, + spondylos, vertebra, -¥ -itis.] Inflam- mation of the tissues about a vertebra. peris'sad [G. perissos, uneven.] An element of uneven valence, a monad, triad, or pentad. peristal'sis [G. peri, around, -H stalsis, constriction.] The vermiform movement of the intestine or other tubular structure; a wave of alternate circular contraction and relaxation of the tube by which the contents are propelled onward. reversed p., antiperistalsis, a wave of contraction in a direction the reverse of normal, by which the contents of the tube are forced backward. peristal'tic. Relating to peristalsis, p. unrest', abnormal motility of the stomach and intestine, increased peristalsis, manifested by borborygmi and sensations of movement within the abdomen. peristal'tin. A glucoside of cascara sagrada; lax- ative. peristaphyline (per-K-staf'i-Ien) [G. peri, around, + staphyle, uvula.] Around the uvula. peristaphylitis (p6r-I-staf-il-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- staphyle, uvula, -1- -itis.] Inflammation of the soft palate and parts about the uvula. peris'toma. Peristome. per'istomal, peristom'atous [G. peri, around, + stoma, mouth.] Surrounding the mouth. . peristome (per'I-stom) [G. peri, about, + stoma, mouth,] A groove leading from the cytostome in infusoria and certain other forms of protozoa PERISTRUMITIS 7S8 PERIVISCERITIS peristrumitis (pSr-I-stru-mi'(me')tis) [G. peri, around, + L. struma, goiter, + G. -itis.'\ Inflam- mation of the tissues about a goiter. peristru'mous [G. peri, around, + L. struma, goiter.] Situated about or near a goiter. perisyno'vial. Around a synovial membrane. perisystole (p^r-I-sis'to-le). i. Presystole, the pause in the cardiac rhythm preceding the systole. 2. A concentric contraction of the stom.ach walls around the mass of food ingested. perisystol'ic. Presystolic. peritendineum (per-l-ten-din'e-um) [G. peri, around.] One of the white fibrous sheaths surrounding the primary bundles of fibers in a tendon. peritendinitis (p6r-i-ten-din-i'(e')tis) [G. ^eri.arcund, + L. tendo{iendin-), tendon, + G. -itis.] Perite- nontitis, p. sero'sa, ganglion (3). peritenon (per-I'-ten-on) [G. peri, around, + tenon, tendon.] Tendon sheath. peritenontitis (per-i-ten-on-ti'(te')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- iendn{tenoni-'), tendon, -J- -itis.} Inflam- mation of the sheath of a tendon. perithelioma (per"I-the-lil-o'niah) A tumor derived from the perithelium, or adventitia, of the blood- vessels, the new cells spreading in a radiate fash- ion around the vessels ; it is regarded as probably an endothelioma (lymphangioendothelioma) of the perivasciilar lymph spaces. perithe'lium [G. peri, around, + ihele, nipple.] The adventitia or outer coat of the blood-vessels. perithoracic (pSr-J-tho-ras'ik) [G. peri, around.] Surrounding or encircling the thorax. perithyreoiditis, perithyroiditis (pgr-1-thi-re-oy-di'- (de')tis, p6r-!(-thi-roy-di'(de')tis) [G. peri, around.] Inflammation of the capsule or tissues surrotind- ing the thyroid gland ; peristrumitis. perit'omist. One who performs circumcision perit'omize. To perform peritomy upon. perit'omy [G. peri, around, + tome, incision.] i. Circumcision. 2. The removal of a circular strip of the conjunctiva for the relief of pannus. peritonae'um. Peritoneum. peritone'al. Relating to the peritoneum. peritonealgia (per-l-to-ne-al'ji-ah) [G. peritonaion, peritoneum, 4- algos, pain.] Non-inflammatory pain in the peritoneum. peritoneopathy (per-J-to-ne-op'a-tM) [peritoneum + G. pathos, suffering. ] Inflammation or other disease of the peritoneum. peritoneopericar'dial. Relating to the peritoneum and the pericardium. peritoneoplasty (per-i-to"ne-o-plas'ti[) [peritoneum + G. plasso, I form. ) Loosening adhesions and covering the raw surfaces with peritoneum to prevent reformation. peritoneot'omy [G. peritonaion, peritoneum, H- tome, incision.] Operative division or section of the peritoneum, celiotomy. peritone'um [L. ; G. peritonaion; periteino; I stretch over.] The serous sac lining th'e abdominal cavity and covering most of the viscera therein contained. It forms two sacs, the greater and the lesser, connected by the foramen of Winslow p. parieta'le, the layer of p. lining the abdominal, walls, p. Tiscera'le, the layer of p investing the intestines and the other abdominal organs. peritonism (per'I-ton-izm). 1. A symptom com- plex marked by vomiting, pain, and shock, in inflammation of any of the abdominal viscera in which the peritoneum is involved. 2. Pseudo- peritonitis, a neurosis in which the symptoms simulate those of peritonitis. peritonitis (pgr-I-ton-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the peritoneum, adhe'pive p., a form in which a fibrinous exudate occurs, matting together the intestines and various other organs, p. defor'- mans, a chronic p. in which thickening of the membrane and contracting adhesions cause shortening of the mesentery and kinking and retraction of the intestines, pel'vic p., inflamma- tion, more or less strictly localized, of the perito- neum surrounding the uterus and Fallopian tubes; usually gonorrheal, tuberculous, or septic. peritonize (per'J-to-niz). To cover with peri- toneum, referring usually to an anastomosis operation on the stomach or intestine. periton'sillar [G. peri, around, + L. tonsilla, tonsil.] About a tonsil or the tonsils. peritonsillitis [per-I-ton-sil-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, -f- L. tonsilla, tonsil, -1- G. -itis.l Periamygdalitis. peritracheal (p6r-I-tra'ke-al) [G. peri, about.] About the trachea. peritricha (pSr-it'iI-kah) [G. peri, around, + thrix (trick-), hair.] Microorganisms having flagella attached to all sides. peritrichal (p8r-it'rik-al) [G. peri, around, -I- thrix {trich-), hair.] 1. Relating to cilia or other appendicular organs projecting from the periph- ery of a cell. 2. Noting microorganisms having cilia or flagella projecting from all sides and not at the poles alone. Peritrichida (pSr-l-trikl-dah) [G. peri, around, 4- thrix(trich-), hair.] An order of Ciliata of cylin- drical shape with the cilia usually limited to the zone surrounding the mouth opening. peritrichous (p6r-it'rl-kus). Provided with cilia or flagella on all sides. peritTochanter'ic (per-I-tro-kan-ter'ik) [G. peri, around.] Around a trochanter. perityph'lic [G. peri, around, + typhlon, cecum.] Surrounding the cecum, pericecal. perityphlitis (per-J-ti-fli'(fle')tis) [G. peri, around, -f- typhlon, blind (cecum).] Localized peritonitis in the neighborhood of the cecum and appendix. periumbil'ical [G. peri, around, + umbilicus.} Periomphalic. periureter'ic [G. peri, around, + oureter, ureter.] Surrounding one or both ureters. periureteritis (pSr-!(-u-re-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, a- round, oureter, ureter, -I- -itis.} Inflammation of the tissues about an ureter. periure'thral [G. peri, around, -I- oureihra, urethra.] Surrounding the urethra. periurethritis (pgr'l-u-re-thri'(thre')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- oureihra, urethra, + -itis.] Inflam- mation of the parts about the urethra. periu'terine [G. peri, around, -I- L. uterus.] Peri- metric (i). periu'vular. Peristaphyline. perivaginitis (p6r-i-vaj-in-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, + L. vagina + G. -iiis.] Pericolpitis. perivas'cular [G. peri, around, -|- L. vasculum, ves- sel.] Surrounding a vessel, especially a blood- vessel. perivasculitis (pSr-I-vas-ku-li'(le')tis) [G. peri, around, -I- L. vaseulum, vessel, 4- G. -itis.] Peri- angitis. perive'nous [G. peri, around, -f- L. vena, vein.] Surrounding a vein. periver'tebral. Perispondylic. perives'ical [G. peri, around, + L. vesica, bladder.] Pericystic. perivisceral (p8r-I-vis'er-al) [G. peri, around, + L. viscera, pi. of viscus, an internal organ.] Peri- splanchnic. perivisceritis (per-J-vis-ser-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, + L. viscera + G. -itis.] Perisplanch- nitis, visceral peritonitis; polyorrhomeningitis. PERIVITELLINE 759 PERSULPHATE periyitelline (per-I-vi'te-lm) [G. pen, about, + L. vitellus, yolk.] Surrounding the vitellus or yolk. perixenitis (per-I-zen-i'(e')tis) [G. peri, around, + xenos, a. foreigner, + -itis.] Inflammation of the parts about a foreign body. Per'kins' trac'tois [Elisha Perkins, New England physician, 1744-1799.] Metallic tractors, two pointed bars, one of steel and the other of brass, which were supposed to be of therapeutic effi- cacy (through induced magnetism or electricity) in rheumatism and visceral affections, when drawn across the skin of the diseased region. perkimsm (pur'kin-izm) [after Elisha Perkins.'\ The treatnlent of disease by means of Perkins'* tractors. perleche (per-lesh') [Pr. per, intensive + Ucher, to lick.] A contagious affection marked by inflam- mation at the comers of the mouth, with an accumulation of whitish macerated epithelium, resembling a diphtheritic pseudomembrane; it occurs chiefly among children in institutions. Perles's bodies (peraas) [Max Perles, German path- ologist, 1843-1881.] Minute structures, appa- rently motile, but of undetermined nature, found occasionally in the blood in cases of per- nicious anemia. P.'s test, for hemosiderin, the presence of which is indicated by a blue color on the addition of potassium ferrocyanide and hydrochloric acid. Perlia's nucleus (perle-ah) [Richard Perlia, German ophthalmologist, contemporary.] Spitzka's* nu- cleus. perlsucht (perl'zukht) [Ger. perle, pearl, + sucht, disease.] Pearl disease, bovine tuberculosis. per'manent [L. per, through, + manere, to remain.] Enduring, not changing, p. teeth, the teeth of the second dentition, see dens permanens, pennan'ganate. A salt of permanganic acid. permangan'ic acid. An acid HMnOj, derived from manganese, forming' permanganates with bases ; see potassii permanganas. per'meable [L. fermeare, to pass through.] Permit- ting the passage of liquids into and through. permeation (pur-me-a'shun) [L. permeare, to pass through.] The extension of a tumor by prolifera- tion of the cells continuously along the blood- vessels or lymphatics. pemicious (per-nish'us) [L. perniciosus, destruc- tive.] Destructive, harmful; noting a disease of severe character and usually fatal. per'nio [L.] Chilblain. perobrachius (pe-ro-bra'ld-us) [G. peros, maimed, + braqhion, arm.] A monster with defective arms. pe"roceph'alus [G. peros, maimed, + kephale, head.] A monster with defective head. perochirus (pe-ro-ki'rus) [G. peros, maimed, -f- cheir, hand.] A monster with defective hands. pe"rocor'mus [G. peros, maimed, + kormos, trunk.] A monster with defective body, perosomus. pe"rodac'tylus [G. peros, maimed, + daktylos, finger.] A monster with defective fingers or toes. perom'eltis [G. peros, maimed, 4- melos, limb.] A monster with detective limbs. peronae'us. Peroneus. perone (per-o'ne) [G. perone, bropch.] Fibula. peroneal (per-o-ne'al). Relatmg to the fibula, to the outer side of the leg, or to the muscles there present; see musculus peroneus. peroneotib'ial. Tibiofibular, relating to the fibula and the tibia. peroneus (per-o-ne'us) [G. perone, brooch, fibula.] One of several muscles on the outer or fibular side of the leg; see under musculus. per'onin. Benzylmorphine hydrochloride, a white soluble powder obtained by the action of benzyl chloride on morphine; employed as a succeda- neum of morphine in doses of gr. J-J (o . 03-0 . 04). Peronos'pora [G. perone, brooch, + sporos, seed.] A genus of fungi producing mildew, one species of which P. lutea was at one time suggested as the cause of yellow fever. peropus (pe'ro-pus) [G. peros, maimed, + pous, foot.] A monster with defective feet. per OS [L.] By or through the mouth. perosomus (pe-ro-so'mus) [G. peros, maimed, + soma, body.] A monster with defective body, perocormus. peros'seous [L. per, through, os, bone.] Through bone. peroz'ide. That oxide of any series which contains the greatest number of oxygen atoms. perox'idase. Catalase. perox'ol. A combination of hydrogen peroxide with a camphor. perpUcation (pur"pli-ka'shun) [L. per, through, + plicare, to fold.] The operation of drawing the cut end of an artery through a slit in the wall of the same artery just above, in order to arrest bleeding. per primaxn, per primam intentionem (pur pri'mam in-ten-shl-o'nem) [L.] By first intention,* noting a manner of healing of a wound. per rec'tum [L.] By or through the rectum. Perrier water (per-e-a'). See VergHe. Perry Springs, Illinois. Alkaline-sodic-sulphated- chalybeate waters, 48° P. to $0° F. Three springs. Used by drinking in affections of the stomach, liver, and kidneys. persalt (pur'sawlt) . In chemistry, any salt which contains the greatest possible amount of the acid radicle. per sal'tum [L.] At a leap, at one botmd, not gradually or through different stages. per secundam, per secundam intentionem (pur se- kun'dam in-ten-shl-o'nem) [L.] By second in- tention,* noting a, manner of healing of a wound. perseveration (pur-sev-er-a'shun). i. The constant repetition of a meaningless word or phrase. 2. The duration of a mental impression, measured by the rapidity with which one impression follows another as determined by the revolving of a two- colored disc. persim'mon [N.A. Indian word.] Diospyros. per'sio (N.P.). Cudbear. per'sonal equa'tion. The factor of individual differ- ences to be reckoned with in studying the results of experiments, especially in psychology; this is to be considered in both the experimenter and the person experimented upon. perspira'tion [L. perspiratio, see perspire.] 1. The excretion of fluid by the sweat-glands of the skin. z. The fluid excreted by the sweat-glands; it consists of water containing sodium chloride and phosphate, urea, ammonia, ethereal sulphates, creatinin, fats, and other waste-products of catabolism; the average daily quantity is esti- mated at about 1500 grams (3.3 pounds), insen'- sible p., the p. excreted continuously in moderate amount which evaporates immediately so that it is not perceived as fluid on the skin, sen'sible p., the p. excreted in large quantity, or when there is much humidity in the atmosphere, so that it appears as moisture on the skin. persul'phate. That one of a series of sulphates which contains more molecules of sulphuric acid than the others. iRSULPHIDE 760 PETREL rsulphide (pur-sul'fld or fid). That one of a series of sulphides which contains more atoms of sulphur than any other. : tertiam intentionem (pur tur'shl-am in-ten-shl- D'nem). By third intention.* rthes' disease' (pair'tas) [Georg Perthes, German surgeon, *i869.] Legg's disease, osteochondritis deformans juvenilis of the hip. P.'s meth'od, continuous aspiration of a pleuritic exudate, the drainage tube passing into an air-tight receiving vessel which is connected with water-power ex- (laust. r'tik's divertic'ulum [Otto Pertik, Hungarian pathologist, 1852-1913.] An abnormally deep Rosenmueller's fossa, or recessus* pharyngeus. 'tTiss'in. Trade name of a preparation containing :hyme, recommended in the treatment of whoop- ng-cough. rtussis (pur-tus'is) [L. per, very (intensive), + ussis, cough.] Whooping-cough. ■u'gen. Trade name of a synthetic product re- lembling in appearance, odor, and therapeutic iction balsam of Peru; employed externally in ikin diseases, and internally in chronic bronchitis n doses of gr. 5 (0.3) in emulsion.. "u'ol. A 25 per cent. soKition of peruscabine in ;astor oil; employed externally in scabies. "u'scabine. Benzyl benzoic acid ester, a colorless )il, the active principle of balsam of Peru syn- ;hetically prepared. ru'vian bark. Cinchona. version (pur-vur'shun) [L. ferversio; perveriere, to ;\im about.] A turning from what is right or lormal. sex'ual p., a condition in which there is m indulgence in unnatiu"al sexual practices. rvert (pur'vurt). One who has turned from /vhat is normal or proper; noting especially a lexual pervert or a person who is given to any orm of unnatiiral sexual practices. ■ vias naturales (per ve'as na-tu-rahlas) [L.] Through the natural passages ; noting, for e xample , :he birth of a child in the natural way and not by :esarean section; or the passage at stool of a for- eign body which has been swallowed, instead of ts removal by an abdominal section. vigil'iuni [L. pervigilis, very wakeful.] Wake- 'ulness, mild insomnia. ■'vious [L. pervius; per, through, + via, a way.] Permeable, capable of giving passage to anything, luch as heat, moisture, light, etc. I, gen. pe'dis, pi. pe'des [L.] i. The foot 2. ^.ny foot-like or basal structure or part. 3. The ;rusta or ventral portion of the pedunculus (cms) ;erebri, basis pedunculi [BNA]. 4. Talipes or ;lub-foot; in this sense always qualified by a n^ord expressing the form of club-foot, as cal- :aneus, cavus, equinus, planus, etc.; see talipes. 5. accesso'rius, eminentia lateralis, p. anseri'- lus [L. goose's foot], (i) branching of the facial lerve in the parotid gland, plexus parotideus BNA]; (2) the tendinous expansions of the sar- ;orius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles at ;he inner border of the tubercle of the tibia, p. ebric'itans, elephantiasis, p. gi'gas, macro- 5odia, congenital hypertrophy of one or both eet. p. hippocam'pi, foot of the hippocampus, iigitationes hippocampi [BNA], the anterior thickened extremity of the hippocampus major. is'ary [L. pessarium; G. pessos, an oval stone used n certain games,] 1. An appliance of varied 'orm, introduced into the vagina to support the iterus or to correct any displacement. 2. A -nedicated vaginal suppository, p. cell, see :ell. pess'imism [L. pessimus, the worst.] A tendency to look on the dark side of life, sometimes carried to actual insanity, therapeu'tic p., a disbelief in the curative virtues of remedies in general and especially of drugs. pess'ulum, pess'um [L. ; G. pessos, an oval stone used in games.] Pessary. pess'us [G. pessos, an oval stone.] A medicated vaginal suppository. pest [L. pestisS, Plague. Sibe'rian p., anthrax. pest house. An isolation hospital for the reception and treatment of cases of contagious disease, especially smallpox. pesticemia (pes-ti-se'mi-ah). Septicemic plague. pestiferous [L. pestis, pest, 4- ferre, to carry.] Pestilential, conveying the plague or any in.fec- tious disease. pes'tilence [L. pesiileniia.] i. The plague. :;. An epidemic of any infectious disease. pestilential (pes-tl-len'shal). Relating to a pesti- lence, pestiferous. pes'tis [L.] Plague, p. am'bulans [L. walking], larval plague.* p. ma'jor, ordinary bubonic plague of severe form. p. mi'nor, (i) larval plague; (2) cHmatic bubo. p. ful'minans (L. hurling thunderbolts], p. major, p. sid'erans [L. blasting, as with a sunstroke], septicemic plague. pestle (pesl) [L. pistillum.'] An instrument in the shape of a rod with one rovmded and weighted extremity, used for bruising and breaking sub- stances in a mortar. pet'al [G. petalon, leaf.] In botany one of the leaves of the corolla of a flower. pef'alobacte'ria [G. petalos, outspread.] Bacteria forming colonies in the shape of broad thin sheets. pef'alococ'ci. Cocci having the cultural character- istics of the petalobacteria. petechia (pe-tek'e-e) [L. form of It. peiecchie.] Minute hemorrhagic spots, of pinpoint to pin- head size, in the skift. petechial (pe-tekl-al). Relating to or accompanied by petechiEe. Peters' ovum (pa'ters) [H. Peters, Viennese obstet- rician, contemporary.] An ovum of the age of five or six days after impregnation, the study of which furnished many facts regarding the earliest embryonic changes. Pe'tersen's bag [F. Petersen. Kiel surgeon, *i845.] A rubber bag introduced into the rectum and inflated, in order to push up the bladder so as to facilitate the operation of suprapubic cystotomy. pet'iolate, pet'iolated [L. petiolus, petiole.] Stalked or pedunculate. pet'iole. Petiolus. pet'ioled. Petiolate. peti'olua [L. dim. of pes (foot), the stalk of a fruit.] Petiole, a stem or pedicle ; the stalk of a leaf. p. epiglot'tidis [BNA], the lower end or pedicle of the cartilage of the epiglottis, attached to the superior notch of the thyroid cartilage. Petit's canal' (pg-te') [Franfois Pourfour du Petit, French surgeon and anatomist, 1664-1741.] Spatia zonularia, the space at the equator of the crystalline lens between the two layers of the zonule of Zinn. P.'s sinus, sinus of Valsalva. Petit's her'nia (pS-te') [Jean Louis Petit, Parisian surgeon, 1674-1750.] Lumbar hernia, occurring in P.'s triangle. P.'s hemiot'omy, external herniotomy, herniotomy without incision into the sac. P.'s tri'angle, trigonum lumbale. petit mal (pS-te' mal) [Fr. little ill.] A mild or larval form of epilepsy. petrel (pet'rel) [P. Little Peter, because seeming to walk on the sea.] One of a number of sea PETREL 761 PETROXOLINUM birds of various genera, soot'y p., mutton* bird, a large petrel, probably of the genus Ful- marus, inhabiting the Antarctic. Petri dish'es (pa'tre) [Julius Petri, German bacteriologist, *i852.] Round glass dishes, fitting one above the other in a pile, about J inch deep and 4 inches in diameter; used for holding bacterial cultures. P.'s reac'tion, the addition of diazobenzolsulphonic acid with caustic soda to a liquid produces a brown or dark orange color if any protein is present. petrifac'tion [L. pelra, rock, + facere, to make.] Possilization, conversion into stone; calcification. petrissage (pa-tre-sazh') [Fr. kneading.] A man- ipulation in massage, consisting in a kneading of the muscles. petroccip'ital. Petro-occipital. petrochondrin (pe-tro-kon'drin) [petroleum + chondrus.] Trade name of an emulsion of min- eral oil and Irish moss. pet'rogen [G. petra, rock, + gennao, I produce.] The trade name of a, mineral oil preparation employed as a vehicle. pet'rolate. Petrolatum. petrolatum (pe-tro-la'tum) . (U.S.) Parafiinum moUe (Br.), vaseline, cosmoliue, petroleum jelly, paraffin jelly; a yellowish mixture of the softer members of the paraffin or methane series of hydrocarbons," obtained from petroleum as an intermediate product in its distillation ; employed as a soothingapplicationtoburnsandabrasions of the skin, and as a base for ointments, p. al'bum (U.S.), white petrolatum, white vaseline, of the same composition as petrolatum except that care is taken in its preparation to keep it colorless, employed for the same purposes as yellow vase- line, p. liq'uidum (U.S.), paraffinum liquidum (Br.), liquid petrolatum, liquid paraffin, liquid vaseline, paraffin oil; made by distilling ofE the more volatile portion of petroleum, purifying, and removing the solid paraffins from the residue; employed as a vehicle for drugs to be applied by a vaporizer to the mucous membranes, p. sapo- na'tum, a name formerly designating in the National Formulary a class of preparations now called petroxolinum. petro'leum [L. petra, rock, -|- oleum, oil.] Rock oil, coal oil, mineral oil, a mixture of liquid hydro- carbons found in the earth in various parts of the world ; its source is uncertain but it is most com- monly believed to be derived from fossilized ani- mal renaains; the petroleum of the United States is from rocks of the Devonian period, the Russian petroleum from tertiary formations ; besides its use for lighting and heating purposes petroleum is the source of vaseline, p. e'ther, a colorless in- flammable liquid, obtained from petroleum, pro- ducing intense cold by its rapid evaporation. pet'roUn. Paraffin. pefromas'toid. Relating to the petrous and the mastoid portions of the temporal bone, which are usually united at birth, forming the petro- mastoid portion. pef'ro-occip'ital. Noting the cranial suture be- tween the occipital bone and the petrous por- tion of the temporal. pef'ropharynge'us. See under musculus. petrosa (pS-tro'sah). The petrous portion of the temporal bbne. petrosal (pg-tro'sal) . [L. petrosus, stony.] Re- lating to the petrosa, or petrous portion of the temporal bone. p. bone, the petrous portion of the temporal bone, in antenatal life, before it is joined to the other portions, p. nerve, nervus petrosus. p. sinus, p. vein, sinus petrosus. pet"rosal"pingostaphyIi'nus [L. petrosa, petrous portion of the temporal, + G. salpinx(salping-) , tnimpet (Eustachian tube), -|- staphyle, uvula.] Musculus levator veil palatini. petroseli'ni ra'diz [G. petra, rock, -H selinon, pars- ley.] (N.F.). Parsley root, the root of Petro- selinum sativum, Apium petroselinum, parsley; emmenagogue in dose of 51 (2.0). petroselinum (pet"ro-se-li'num) (U.S.). Parsley fruit, the dried ripe fruit of P. sativum. petro"5omas'toid. Petromastoid. petrosphe'noid. Relating to the petrous portion of the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone. pefrosquamo'sal, pefrosqua'mous. Relating to the petrous and the squamous portions of the temporal bone. pef'rostaphyli'nus [G. petra, stone, + staphyle, uvula.] Musculus levator veli palatini. pefrosul'fol. Trade name of a preparation of petroleum and sulphur, made in imitation of ichthyol and employed in the same way in the treatment of diseases of the skin. petrous (pe'trus, pet'rus) [G. petra, a rock.] i. Of stony hardness. 2. Relating to the petrous por- tion of the temporal bone, petrosal, p. bone, p. portion of the temporal bone. p. gan'glion, the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. p. por'tion, a three-sided pyramidal projection, from the inner surface of the temporal bone, con- taining the structures of the internal ear; it is usually united at birth with the mastoid portion. p. nerve, nervus petrosus. p. sinus, sinus petrosus. petroz (pet'roks). Petrolatum saponatum, pet- roxolinum (N.F.). petroxolinum (pS-troks-o-li'num) [G. petra, rock, + oxys, acid, -|- oleic]. Petroxolin, petrox, petrolatum saponatum, a mixture of petrolatum, oleic acid, and other substances, employed as a vehicle in a class of preparations in the National Formulary; it is prepared in two forms, liquid and solid, p. liquidum and p. spissum. p. betanaphtho'lis (N.P.), betanaphthol petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of betanaphthol 10, in liquid petroxolin 90. p. cadi'ni (N.F.) , cade petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of oil of cade 25, and liquid petroxolin IS- p. chlorofor'mi camphora'tum (N.P.), camphorated chloroform petroxolin or petrox, contains chloroform and camphor, of each 25, and petroxolin 50. p. creoso'ti (N.F.), creosote petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of creosote 20, oleic acid 5, and liquid petrox- olin 75. p. eucalypto'lis (N.F.), eucalyptol petroxolin or petrox, consisting of eucalyptol 20, and petroxolin 80. p. guaiaco'Us (N.F.), guaiacol petroxolin or petrox, consisting of guaiacol 20, oleic acid 5, and liquid petroxolin 75. p. hydrar'gyri (N.F.) , mercury petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of mercury 30, hydrous wool fat 13, oleic acid 2, and solid petroxolin 55. p. io'di (N.F.), iodine petroxolin, iodine petrox 10 per cent., a mixture of iodine 10, oleic acid 40, alcohol 20, light liquid petrolatum 23, oil of lavender 2, and stronger ammonia water 5. p. io'di dilu'him (N.F.), diluted iodine petroxolin, iodine petrox 5 per cent., contains iodine 5, in liquid petroxolin 95. p. iodofor'mi (N.F.), iodoform petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of iodoform 3, acetone 20, oleic acid 10, eucalyptol 3, and liquid petroxolin 64. p. liq'uidum (N.F.), liquid petroxolin or petrox, formerly called petrolatum saponatum liquidum, a mix- ture of light liquid petrolatum 50, oleic acid 28, oil of lavender 2, stronger ammonia water 5, and alcohol 15, occurring in the form of a yellowish-brown liquid. PETROXOLINUM 762 PHACOMETACHORESIS p, mentho'lis CN.F.), menthol petroxolin or petrox, contains menthol 17, in liquid petroxolin 83. p. meth'ylls salicyla'tis {N.P.), methyl salicylate pe- troxolin or petrox, containing methyl salicylate 20, in liquid petroxolin 80. p. pheno'lis (N.P.), phenol petroxolin, carbolic petrox, consists of phenol S, in petroxolin 95. p. pheno'lis camphora'tum (N.P.), camphorated phenol petroxolin, camphorated carbolic petrox, a mix- ture of phenol 12.5, camphor 37. S, and liquid petrox- olin so. p. pi'cis (N.F.), tar petroxolin or petrox, rectified oil of tar 25, in liquid petroxolin 75. p. spis'sum (N.F.), solid petroxolin or petrox, for- merly called petrolatum saponatum spissum, a mixture of white wax 35, light liquid petrolatum 20, oleic acid 32, oil of lavender 3, alcohol 5, and stronger ammonia water 5. p. sulphura'tum (N.F.), sulphurated petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of sublimed sulphur 3, linseed oil 37, oleic acid 30, and liquid petroxolin, q.s. to make 100. p. sulphura'tum compos'itum (N.F.), compound sulphurated petroxolin or petrox, a mixture of oil of cade and sulphurated petroxolin, of each 10, thymol 0.3, eucalyptol 3, oil of turpentine- 30, and liquid petroxolin, q.s. to make 100. p. terebin'thinse lar'icis (N.F.), Venice turpentine petroxolin or petrox, consisting of Venice turpentine 20, in liquid petroxolin 80. Petruschliy's lit'mus whey [Johann Petruschky, German bacteriologist, *i863.] A culture medium made by removing the casein from milk, neutral- izing the whey, and adding litmus solution. Pett'enkofer's reac'tion [Max von Pettenkofer, Ger- man hygienist, 1818-1901.] If to a fluid con- taining bile-acids one adds a little cane sugar and then drop by drop concentrated sulphuric acid, at first a cherry red and then a purple red color appear. P.'s the'oiy, grotmd-water theory, the theory that the development of certain epidemics (cholera, typhoid fever) coincides with a low level of the ground- water; the pathogenic germs are not carried directly from the sick to the well, but are received into the soil and there undergo, when the soil is dry, a "ripening" process. pez'in [G. pexis, coagulation.] The ferment of rennet which coagulates the casein of milk, rennin. pexin'ogen [pexin + G. gennao, I produce.] The substance secreted by the gastric glands which is changed into pexiti, or rennin. Peyer's glands (pi'er) [Johann Konrad Peyer, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1712.] Noduli lym- phatici solitarii. P.'s patch'es or plaques, noduli lymphatici aggregati. Peyrot's tho'rax (pa-ro') [Jean Joseph Peyrot, Parisian surgeon, 1843—1918.] An obliquely oval deformity of the chest in cases of a very large pleural effusion. Pfannenstiel's iacis'ion (pfahn'en-st8l) [J. Pfannen- stiel, German gynecologist, 1862-1909.] An incision made transversely, down to and includ- ing the external sheath of the recti muscles, about an inch above the pubes, the muscles being split or separated in the direction of their fibers; advocated for operations on the pelvic organs. Pf aundler's reac'tion (pfownd'ler) [Meinhard Pfaund- ler, German physician, *i872.] Thread* reaction. Pfeiffer's baciU'us (pfi'fer) [Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, German physician, *i858.] Bacillus influenza. P.'s blood a' gar, see under agar. P.'s phenom'enon, the alteration and complete disintegration of cholera vibrios when introduced into the peritoneal cavity of an immunized guinea-pig; or into that of a normal one if immune serum is injected at the same time; extended to include bacteriolysis in general. The animal is immunized by means of intraperitoneal injections of a culture of the pathogenic bacteria, . in gradually increasing doses, until many times the fatal dose is borne; if now a minute quantity of this animal 's serum is injected into another animal, the latter is rendered immune against the same bacteria. Pfeiffer's disease' (pfi'fer) [Emil Pfeiffer, German physician, contemporary.] Glandular fever.* Pflueger's laws (pflii'ger) [Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflueger, German physiologist, 1829-1910.] 1. Law of polar excitation; A given section of a, nerve is irritated by the development of catelec- trotonus and the disappearance of anelectrot- onus, but not by the reverse conditions. 2. Law of contraction: The results of the stimulation of an isolated nerve of a frog by opening and closing currents of different intensities and different directions are formulated as follows; Current Ascending Descending Closing Opening Closing Opening Weak Medium Strong Contrac- tion Contrac- tion, Quiet Quiet Contrac- tion Contrac- tion Contrac- . tion. Contrac- tion Contrac- tion Quiet Contrac- tion Qtiiet p.'s tubes, egg- tubes, ovarian tubes; branching tubes of germinal epithelium, containing the primitive ova, in the cortex of the ovary. Pfuhl's sign (pfool) [Eduard Pfuhl, German physi- cian, *i852.] The pressure of pus within a sub- phrenic abscess rises during inspiration and falls during expiration, the reverse of what happens in the case of a purulent collection above the diaphragm ; when the diaphragm is paralyzed this distinction is lost. Ph or PH. Abbreviation for hydrogen ion con- centration. phacitis (fa-si'(se')tis) [G. phakos, lens, + -itis^ Inflammation of the crystalline lens of the eye; also written phakitis. phacocele (fak'o-sel) [G. phakos, lens, -I- kele, hernia.] Dislocation of the crystalline lens of the eye. phac'ocyst [G. phakos, lens, + kystis, bladder.] The capsule of the crystalline lens. phac"ocystec'tomy [G. phakos, lens, -I- kystis, bladder, + ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of a portion of the capsule of the crystalline lens. phacocystitis (fak-o-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. phakos, lens, ■ -I- kystis, bladder, -t- -itis.l Inflammation of the capsule of the crystalline lens. phacoglaucoma (fak"o-glaw-ko'mah) [G. phakos, lens, + glaukos, greenish gray, -I- -dma."] Changes in the crystalline lens in glaucoma. phac'oid [G. phakos, lentil, -I- eidos, resemblance.] Of lentil shape. phacoid'oscope. Phacoscope. phacol'ysls [G. phakos, lens, + lysis, solution.] Operative breaking down and removal of the crystalline lens. phacomalacia (fak"o-mal-a's![-ah) [G. phakos, lens, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the crystal- line lens; soft cataract. phacometachoresis (fak"o-met-a-ko-re'sis) [G. pha- kos, lens, -I- metachoresis, change of place.] Phacocele, PHACOMETECESIS 763 PHALLIN phacometecesis, phacometoecesis (fak"o-met-e-se'sis) [G. phahos, lens, + meioikesis, migration.] Phacocele. phacom'eter [G. phakos, lens, + metron, measure.] 1 . A device for determining the refractive power of a lens. 2. Phacoscope. phacoplanesis (fak"o-plan-e'sis) [G. phakos, lens, + planSsis, a wandering.] Phacocele. phac"osclero'sis [G. phakos, lens, + sklerosis, hardening.] Induration of the crystalline lens; hard cataract. phac'oscope [G. phakos, lens, + skopeo, I view.] An instrument in the form of a dark chamber for observing the changes in the crystalline lens during accommodation. phacoscotas'mus [G. phakos, lens, + skotasmos, darkness.] Loss of transparency of the crystal- line lens; lenticidar cataract. phacother'apy [G. phakos, lens, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Cauterization of superficial neoplasms and cutaneous lesions by concentration of the heat of the sun by a lens. phsnogam (fe'no-gam) [G. phaino, I show, -1- gamos, marriage.] Phanerogam. phagedena, phagedsena (fa-je-de'nah) [G. phage daina, a canker; phago, I eat.] A sloughing and widely spreading ulcer, p. trop'ica, tropical ulcer.* slough'ing p., hospital gangrene. phagedenic (fS-je-den'ic). Relating to or having the characterittics of phagedena. phagedenoma, phagedaenoma (fa-je-de-no'mah). A fungous form of phagedena. phagmesis (f ag-me'sis). An anomaly, of very doubt- ful occurrence, in which feathers are said to replace hair in man. phagocaryosis (fag"o-kar-it-o'sis) [G. phago, I eat, + karyon, kernel (nucleus).] An assumed phago- cytic action of the cell-nucleus. phagocyte (fag'o-sit) [G. phago, I eat, -1- kytos, cell.] A cell possessing the property of ingesting bac- teria, foreign particles, and other cells. Phago- cytes are divided into two general classes: mi- crophags, small poljrmorphonuclear leucocytes which ingest chiefly bacteria; and macrophags, large mononucleated cells which are largely scavengers, ingesting dead tissue and degenerated cells ; the latter are produced mainly by prolifera- tion of the fixed connective-tissue cells. ed'ucated p., a p. which, following an infection, has acquired the ability to withstand the poison of a further infection of the same kind. phagocyt'ic. Relating to phagocjrtes or phagocy- tosis, p. index, a figure noting the average number of bacteria contained in each leucocyte after incubating a mixture of washed leucocytes, serum, and a bacterial culture, p. index of Ameth, the proportionate number per cubic millimeter of multinuclear neutrophils with nuclei of three or more lobes, which Ameth as- sumes to possess the greatest phagocytic power. phagocy'toblast [G. blastos, germ.] A primitive cell developing into a phagocyte. phagocytol'ysis [phagocyte + G. lysis, solution.] i,. Destruction of phagocytes, or leucocytes, occur- ring in the process of blood coagulation or as the result of the introduction of certain antagonistic foreign substances into the body. 2. A spon- taneous breaking down of the phagocytes, pre- liminary (according to Metchnikoff) to the liberation of cytase, or complement. phagocytolytic (fag"o-si-to-lit'ik). Relating to phagocytolysis, phagolytic. phagocytose (fag'o-si-toz). To englobe and de- stroy bacteria and other foreign substances, not- ing the action of the phagocytic cells. phagocyto'sis. The process of ingestion and diges- tion by the cells; most of the cells of the body which are concerned in nutrition possess this property; the substances ingested are other cells, bacteria, bits of necrosed tissue, foreign particles, etc. induced' p., p. occurring when bacteria sub- jected to the action of blood-serum are brought in contact with leucocytes, sponta'neous p.j p. occurring when a culture of bacteria is brought in contact with washed leucocytes in an indifferent medimn, such as a physiological salt solution. phagodynamometer (fag"o-di"nS,-mom'e-tur) [G. phago, I eat, + dynamis, force, + metron, measure.] A device foi- measuring the force required to chew various foods. The Phagodynamometer. A and B are metal repro- ductions of occlusal surfaces of molar teeth, and the pressure exerted on food placed between these is regis- tered on the dial. phagol'ysis [phago{cyie) + G. lysis, solution.] The disintegration of phagocytes, phagocytolysis.* phagolyt'ic. Relating to phagolysis, phagocyto- lytic. phagoma'nia [G. phago, I eat, H- mania, frenzy.] Boulimia occurring in the insane. phakitis (fa-ki'(ke')tis). Phacitis. phako-. For words so beginning, see phaco-. phalacro'sis [G. phalakrosis.'] Baldness, alopecia. phalangeal (fa,-lan'je-al). Relating to a phalanx. phalan'ges. Plural of phalanx. phalangette (fal-an-jef) [Fr. dim. of phalange, phalanx.] The distal or ungual phalanx, drop p., falling of the distal phalanx of a finger, and inability to extend it, when the hand is prone, due to an overstretching or rupture of the ex- tensor tendons of the finger near their insertion into the base of the affected segment. phalanx, gen. phalan'gis, pi. phalan'ges (fal'anks) [G. a line of soldiers.] I. One of the long bones of the fingers or toes, 14 in number for each hand or foot, 2 for the thumb or great toe, and 3 each for the other four digits; they are numbered from I-III, beginning from the metacarpus. The 3d (2d in the thumb or great toe), or terminal, phalanx is called the ungual phalanx because of a fiattened surface, ungual tuberosity, at its termination which sup- ports the nail. 2. One of a number of cuticular plates, arranged in several rows, on the surface of the organ of Corti; they are the heads of the outer row of Corti's rods and of Deiter's cells, and between them are the free ends of the hair cells. phallal'gia [G. phallos, penis, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the penis. phairic [G. phallos, penis.] Relating to the penis. phall'iform [G. phallos, penis, + L. forma, form.] Phalloid. phall'in. A poisonous albuminoid from the mush- room, Amanita phalloides; it is hemolytic, resembling serpent venom in its action. PHALLITIS 764 PHARYNGEUS phallitis (fal-i'(e')tis) [G. phallos, penis, + -itis.l Inflammation of the penis. phallocamp'sis [G. phallos, penis, + kampsis, a bending.] Chordee; any curvature of the erect penis. phallociyp'sis [G. phallos, penis, + krypsts, conceal- ment.] Dislocation and retraction of the penis. phallodyn'ia [G. phallos, penis, + odyne, pain.] Phallalgia, pain in the penis. phall'oid [G. phallos, penis, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling in shape a penis. phallon'cus [G. phallos, penis, + onkos, tumor.] A tumor or swelling of the penis. phall'oplasty [G. phallos, penis, + plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic Surgery of the penis. phallorrha'gia [G. phallos, penis, + rhegnymi, I burst forth.] Hemorrhage of the penis. phall'us [L. ; G. phallos.] Penis. phan'erogam [G. phaneros, visible, + gamqs, mar- riage.] In botany, a plant which has true flowers bearing seed. phaneTogenic (fan-er-o-jen'ic) [G. phaneros, visible, + genesis, origin.] Noting a disease the etiology of which is manifest; opposed to cryptogenic, phaneroma'nia [G. • phaneros, visible, + mania, frenzy.] Constant preoccupation with some external part, as plucking the beard, pulling the lobe of the ear, picking at a pimple, etc. phaneroscope (fan'er-o-skop) [G. phaneros, visible, -f- skoped, I view.] A lens used to concentrate the light from a lamp upon the skin, to facilitate examination of lesions of the skin and subcutane- ous tissues. phanerosis (fan-er-o'sis) [G. phaneroo, I make manifest.] The act or process of becoming visible. phantasia (fan-ta-se'ah) [G. appearance.] Fantasy: an illusion. phan'tasm [G. phaniasma, an appearance.] An illusion, a delusion, a figment of the imagina- tion in delirium. phantasmatomoria (fan-taz"ma-to-mo'rI-ah) [G. phaniasma, an appearance, -f- tnaria, folly,] Dementia with delusions. phantasmol'ogy [G. phaniasma, specter, + -logia.'] The scientific study of spiritualistic manifesta- tions and of apparitions. phantas"inosco'pia, phantasmos'copy [G. phaniasma, an appearance, + skoped, I view.] The form of delusion which consists in the seeing of phantoms. phantom [G. phaniasma, an appearance.] £. A specter, a phantasm. 2. A model of a part of the body; especially a model of the female pelvis used in demonstrating the process of childbirth and in practising the manipulations employed in a case of labor, p. tumor, a localized enlarge- ment of the abdomen, simulating an ovarian or other tumor or pregnancy, which is temporary in character, often disappearing suddenly. pharbit'isin. Kaladanae resina (B.A.). Phar. D. Abbreviation of Doctor of Pharmacy. phar'macal. Relating to pharmacy, pharma- ceutical. pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical (far-mS-su'tik, far- m^-su'ti-kal) [G. pharmakeuiikos, relating to drugs.] Relating to pharmacy, p. chem'istry, chemistry in its application to the analysis and the manufacture of drugs. pharmaceu'tics. Pharmacy. pharmaceutist (far-mS-su'tist) [G. pharmakeuiSs, a druggist.] A pharmacist, a druggist, an apothe- cary. phar'macist [G. pharmakon, a drug.] A druggist, a pharmaceutist, an apothecary, one who prepares and dispenses drugs. + phar"macodynam'ic [G. pharmakon, drug, dynamis, force.] Relating to drug action. phaT"macodynam'ics. The science of the physio- logical and therapeutic action of drugs. pharmacog'nosist. One skilled in pharmacognosy. pharmacognos'tics. Pharmacognosy. pharmacog'nosy [G. pharmakon, drug, -1- gnosis, knowledge.] The science of drugs in all their relations — sources, description, preparation, ac- tion, dosage, etc. phannacog'raphy [G. pharmakon, drug; + graphs, description.] A treatise on or description of drugs. pharmacologist. One versed in a. knowledge of drugs, their sources, appearance, chemistry, and action. pharmacol'ogy [G. pharmakon, drug, + -logia.] The branch of science which has to do with drugs in all their relations. phar"macoma'ma [G. pharmakon, drug, + mania, frenzy.] A morbid fondness for taking drugs; self-drugging carried to the degree of insanity. pharmacope'dia, pharmacope'dics [G. pharmakon, a drug, + paideia, instruction.] The teaching of pharmacy and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacopeia, Pharmacopoeia (f ar"mS-ko-pe'ah) [G. pharmakon, a medicine, + poieo, I make.] A work containing a list of accepted drugs and estab- lishing standards for their strength and purity, together with directions for making preparations (tinctures, etc.) from them. The first edition of the U.S. P. was compiled in 1820 and it has since been revised every ten years by a committee of physicians and pharmacists. The eighth revision was made in 1900 and issued in 1905 ; it was made a legal standard under the provisions of the Na- tional Food and Drugs Act in January, 1907. In works on Materia Medica, the various national pharmacopeias are referred to under abbreviations, of which the following are those most frequently encountered; B.P., British Pharmacopeia ; Codex, Codex medicamentarius, the French Pharma- copeia; I.e. Add. (or B.A.), the Indian and Co- lonial Addendum to the B.P. ; P.Austr, the Austrian Pharmacopeia; P.G., the German Phar- macopeia; P.Helv., the Swiss Pharmacopeia; U.S.P., the United States Pharmacopeia. pharmacopeial, pharmacopoeial (far"ma-ko-pe'al) Relating to the Pharmacopeia; noting a drug in the list of the Phanmacopeia, ofiicial. pharmacophobia (far-ma-ko-fo'bi-ah) [G. pharma- kon, drug, H- phobos, fear.] Morbid dread of taking medicine. pliarmacopsychosis (far"ma-ko-si-ko'sis) [G. pharmakon, drug, + psychosis.] Any form of drug addiction. phar"macother'apy [G. pharmakon, drug, + iher- apeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by means of drugs. phar'macy [G. pharmakon, drug.] 1. The act of preparing and dispensing drugs, a. A drug store, an apothecary's shop. pharyngal'gia [G. pharyna + algos, pain.] Pain in the pharynx. pharyngeal (far-in'jl-al). Relating to the pharynx. pharyngec'tomy [G. pharynx + ektome, excision.] Excision of a part of the pharynx. pharyngemphrax'is [G. pharynx + emphraxis, a stoppage.] Pharyngeal obstruction. pharynge'us [L.] Pharyngeal, noting (in com- pounds) a muscle of the pharynx, as musculus siy- lopharyngeus; also one of a number of nerves of the pharynx, see under nervus. PHARYNGISMUS 76s PHARYNX pharyngis'mus. Spasm of the muscles of the pharynx, pharyngospasm. pharyngit'ic. Relating to pharyngitis. pharyngitis (far-in-ji'(je')tis). Inflammation of the mucous membrane and underlying parts of the pharynx, atroph'ic p., p. sicca, chronic p. accompanied by more or less atrophy of the mucous glands and perversion of their secretion. follic'ular p., graniilar p. gan'grenous p., gan- grenous inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane; putrid sore throat, cynanche maligna, angina maligna or gangraenosa. glan'dular p., granular p. gran'ular p., clergyman's sore throat, a form of p. in -which the lymphoid follicles are enlarged, studding the mucous membrane as minute nodules or granules, mem'braiious p., inflammation accompanied by a fibrinous exu- date, forming a non-diphtheritic false membrane. p. hypertroph'ica latera'lis, a form of chronic p. in which the glazed- central portion is bounded on either side by a band of red thickened mucous membrane, p. sic'ca, atrophic p., chronic p. in which the secretion is scanty and adherent, giving the appearance of a varnished surface, p. ulcero'sa, Vincent's* angina. pharyngoamygdalitis (far-ing"go-S-mig-dal-i'(e')- tis) [G. pharynx + amygdale, almond, -1 — itis.] Inflammation of the pharynx and the tonsils. pharyngocele (far-ing'go-sel) [G. pharynx{pharyng-) + kele, hernia.] A diverticulum from the pharynx. pharyn"gocerato'sis. Pharyngokeratosis. pharyngodynia (far-ing"go-din'i-ah) [G. pharynx, + odyne, pain.] Pain in the pharynx, pharyngalgia. pharyni"goglos'sal. Relating to the pharynx and the tongue. pliaryn"goepiglott'ic, pharyn"goepiglottid'ean. Re- lating to the pharynx and the epiglottis, p. fold, pUca pharyngoepiglottica, a fold of mucous membrane extending backward from the epi- glottis on either side. pharyngoesophageal (far-ing"go-e-so-faj'e-al). Re- lating to the pharynx and the esophagus. pharyngoglos'sus. A band of muscular fibers, a part of the superior constrictor of the pharynx, running from the pharynx to the base of the tongue. pharyngokeratosis (far-ing"go-ker-a-to'sis) [G. pharynx + keras{kerai-), horn] A thickening of the lining of the lymphoid follicles of the phar- ynx, with the formation of a tough, firmly adher- ent, pseudomembranous exudate. pharyn"golaryn'geal. Relating to both the pharynx and the larynx. phaiyngolaiyngitis (far-ing"go-lar-in-ji' (je')tis). In- flammation of both the pharynx and the larynx. pharyn'golith [G. pharynx + Uthos, stone.] A con- cretion in the pharynx, pharyngeal calculus. phaiyngol'ogy [G. pharynx{pharyng-) + -hgia.] The branch of medical science which deals with the pharynx and its disorders. phaiyngomax'illary. Relating to the pharynx and the maxilla. phaTyn"gomyco'sis [G. pharynx + mykes, a fungus.] Invasion of the mucous membrane of the pharynx by a fungous growth, Leptothrix huccalis. pharyn"gona'sal. Relating to the pharynx and the nasal fosss. p. cav'ity, the rhinopharynx, the nasopharynx. ,„ , , t pharyngooral (far-ing"go-ohotoceptor (fo-to-sep'tor) [G. phos (phot-), light, + ceptor.] A nerve ceptor sensitive to light rays. "photochemistry (fo-to-kem'is-tri) [G. phos{phdt-), light.] The branch of chemistry which treats of the chemical changes set in action by light. photocinet'ic [G. phds(phdi-), light, + kinetikos, re- lating to movement.] Relating to movement caused by light. photodromy (fo-tod'ro-mJ) [G. phos, light, -t- dromos, a running.] In the induced or spon- taneous clarification of certain suspensions the particles or flocks settle on the side nearest the light {positive p.) or on the dark side (negative p.). • photodynam'ic [G. phos(phdt-), light, + dynamis, force.] Relating to the energy or force exerted by light. photodynia (fo-to-din'J-ah) [G. phos (phot-), light, + odyne, pain. ] Photalgia, pain caused by light rays; extreme photophobia. pho'todyspho'ria [G. phds(phot-), light, -I- dysphoria, extreme discomfort.] Extreme photophobia, photalgia. photoelectricity (fo-to-e-lek-tris'I-tl). Electricity produced by the action of light. photogen [G. ph6s (phdt-), light, -I- gennao, I pro- duce.] A microorganism which produces phos- phorescence. photogene (fo'to-jen) [G. phos(phdi-), light, -I- gen- nao, I produce.] A prolonged retinal image, after-image. photogen'esis [G. ph6s(phot-), light, + genesis, production.] The production of light ; phosphor- escence. photogen'ic, photogenous (fo-toj'en-us) [G. phos (phot-), light, -I- gennao, I produce.] Light- producing, phosphorescent. photohemotachometer, photohaemotachometer (fo- to-hem"o-tak-om'e-ter) [G. phds(ph6t-), light, + haima, blood, + tachos, speed, -1- metron, measure.] An appliance for recording photo- graphically the rapidity of the blood-current. photokinet'ic. Photocinetic. photol'ysis [G. ph6s(phot-), light, + lysis, solution.] Decomposition under the influence of light. pho'tolyte. Any product of decomposition by light. photoma'nla [G. phos(phot-), light, -t- mania. frenzy.] 1. An insane desire for light. 2. In- sanity caused by prolonged exposure to intense light. photom'eter [G. phds(phdt-), light, -t- metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the inten- sity of light. Foerster's p., see under Foerster. photom'et^. The measurement of the intensity ■ of hght. photomi'crograph [G. phds(ph6l-), light, + mikros, small, 4- graphs, a record.] An enlarged photo- graph of an object as seen under the microscope. Distinguished from micropholograph. photomicrog'raphy. The production of a photo- micrograph. photon'osus [G. phds(phdi-), light, + nosos, disease.] ■ Any disease caused by prolonged exposure to intense light. photopathy (fo-top'S-thi) [G. phos (phot-), light, -|- pathos, suffering.] Photonosus. photoperceptive (f o-to-pur-sep'tiv) [G. phos(phot-) , light, -H L. percipere, to perceive.] Photo- receptive. photopho'bia [G. ph6s(phdt-), light, 4- phobos, fear.] I. Abnormal sensitiveness to light, especially of the eyes. 2. Morbid dread and avoidance of light places. photopho'bic. Relating to or suffering from photo- phobia. photophore [G. phds(phdt-), light, -H phoros, bearer.] A lamp with reflector used in laryngoscopy and in the examination of other internal parts of the body, photop'sia, pho'topsy [G. phds(phdt-), light, + opsis, vision.] A subjective sensation of light, es- pecially in the form of flashes or sparks. photoptom'eter [G. phds(phdt-), light, + opios, visible, H- metron, measure.] Foerster's* optom- eter. photoptom'etry [G. phds(phdt-), light, -i-.optos, visi- ble, + metron, measure.] Measurement of the perception of light. photoradiom'eter [G. phos(phdt-), light, + L. radius, a ray, -t- G. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the penetrating power of light, Roentgen, or radium rays. photoTeceptive (fo-to-re-sep'tiv) [G. phds(phdt-), light, + L. recipere, to receive.] Photoper- ceptive, capable of receiving and perceiving light rays. photoreceptor (fo-to-re-sep'tor) . Photoceptor. pho'toscope [G. phds(phdt-), light, -I- shaped, I view.] Skiascope, fluoroscope. photos'copy. Skiascopy, fluoroscopy. phototaz'is [G. phds(phdt-), light, 4- taxis, orderly arrangement.] Reaction of living protoplasm to the stimulus of light, whereby the animal or plant is attracted (positive phototaxis) or re- pelled (negative phototaxis) by a luminous body; phototropism. photother'apy [G. phos(phdt-), light, -I- therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by means of light rays. photot'Topism [G. ph6s(phdt), light, -(- trope, a turning.] Phototaxis. photox'ylin. A substance resembling pyroxylin, made from wood-pulp; it is used in the manu- facture of a substance resembling collodion and employed for the same purposes. photu'ila [G. phds(phdt-), light, -I- ouron, urine.] The passage of phosphorescent urine. Phragmid'iotiirix [G. phragma, hedge, -t- idios, separate, + (hrix, hair.] A genus of Chlamy- dobacteriacea, including the marine forms in which division occurs in three planes, the cells being enclosed in an almost invisible sheath. PHREN ?n PHTHISIS phren [G. phrin, the diaphragm, heart, seat of emotions, mind.] i. The diaphragm, x. The mind. phrenal'gia [G. phren, mind, diaphragm, + algos, pain.] I. Psychalgia. 2 Pain in the diaphragm. phrenasthenia (fren-as-the'nl-ah) [G. phren, mind, + astheneia, weakness.] i Psychasthenia. u. A loss of tone in the diaphragm. phienet'ic [G. phrenitikos, frenzied.] i. Frenzied, maniacal. 2. A maniac. -phrenia [G. phren, the mind or seat of the intel- lectual faculties.] The deuterotheme in the construction of words referring to the intellect. phren'ic. 1. Relating to the diaphragm. 2. Re- lating to the mind. p. phenom'enon, p. wave, diaphragm* phenomenon. phrenicotomy (fren-K-kot'o-mi) [phrenic nerve + G. tome, a cutting, incision.] Section of the phrenic nerve in order to induce unilateral paraly- sis of the diaphragm, which is then pushed up by the abdominal viscera and exerts compression upon a diseased lung. phrenitis (fre-ni'(ne')tis) [G. phren, mind, + -itis.\ 1. Encephalitis. 2. Delirium. phrenocardia (fre-no-kar'di-ah). Cardiac arrhyth- mia, submammary pain, and dyspnea asso- ciated with neurasthenia; cardiovascular neuras- thenia. phrenocol'ic [G. phren, diaphragm, + kolon, colon.] Relating to the diaphragm and the colon, p. lig'ament, costocolic ligament, a fold of perito- neum passing from the diaphragm to the splenic flexure of the colon. phre"noco'lopexy [G. phren, diaphragm, + kolon, colon, -I- pexis, fixation.] Suture of a displaced or prolapsed transverse colon to the diaphragm. phrenogas'tric [Q. phren, diaphragm, + gaster, stomach.] Relating to the diaphragm and the stomach, p. lig'anient, a fold of peritoneum passing from the diaphragm to the fundus of the stomach. phrenoglott'ic [G. phren, diaphragm, + glottis, glottis.] Relating to the diaphragm and the glottis, noting a spasm involving the diaphragm and the vocal cords. phre'nograph [G. phren, diaphragm, + grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording graph- ically the movements of the diaphragm. phre"nohepat'ic [G. phren, diaphragm, -I- hepar Qiepat-), liver.] Relating to the diaphragm and the liver. phrenologist. One who claims to be able to indi- cate the mental powers and characteristics by a study of the external configuration of the skull. phrenology (fren-ol'o-jl) [G. phren, mind, -H -ology.] The doctrine that each of the mental faculties is located in a definite part of the cere- bral cortex, the size of which part varies in a direct ratio with the development of the cor- responding faculty, this size being indicated by the external configuration of the skull. On this theory it would be possible to determine one's mental characteristics by an examination of the prominences on the skull. phrenop'athy [G. phren, mind, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any mental disorder. phre"nople'gia [G. phren, mind, diaphragm, + pWge, stroke.] i. A sudden attack of mental derangement, a. Paralysis of the diaphragm. phrenoptosia (fren-op-to'sJ-ah) [G. phren, the diaphragm, + ptosis, a falling.] An abnormal sinking down of the diaphragm. phren'osin. A cerebroside containing galactose. phrenosplen'ic [G. phren, diaphragm, -t- splen, spleen.] Relating to . the diaphragm and the spleen, p. lig'ament, a fold of peritoneum passing from the diaphragm to the spleen. phrictopath'ic [G. phriktos, causing a shudder, + paths, suffering.] Relating to a peculiar sensa- tion, accompanied by shuddering, provoked by stimulation of an hysterical anesthetic area during the process of recovery. phry'nin [G. phrynos, toad.] A substance contained in the skin secretion of the toad which is an. intense irritant of the mucous membranes. phrynol'ysin [G. phrynos, toad, -I- lysis, solution; noting the lytic action of the substance on the red blood-cells.] The poison of the fire-toad, Bombinator igneus, contained in the secretion of the skin of the back and abdomen. phthinoid (thin'oyd) [G. phthinodes, consumptive.} Relating to or resembling phthisis ; wasting, con- sumptive, p. chest, a long narrow chest, the lower ribs being more oblique than usual and sometimes reaching almost to the crest of the ilium; the scapulse project backward, the manu- brium stemi is depressed, and Louis's angle is sharper than normal. pthiremia (fthi-re'mi-ah) [G. ptheiro, I corrupt, -|- haima, blood.] A morbid state of the blood. phthiriasis (ftU-ri'a-sis) [G. phtheir, a louse.] Ped- ictilosis, lousiness, p. cap'itis, pediculosis capitis. p. cor'poris, pediculosis corporis, p. inguinalis, presence of crab lice in the hairy pubic region. phthiriophobia (fthIr"i-fo'bI-ah) [G. phtheiriao, I have lice, + phobos, fear.] Unreasonable and extreme fear of infestation with lice. Phthir'ius [G. phtheir, a louse.] A genus of lice, fam. Pediculidm. P. inguina'lis, Pediculus pubis. phthisic (tiz'ik). i. Phthisis, -x. Asthma. 3. Relating to phthisis. 4. A sufferer from phthisis, or from asthma. phthisical (tizl-kal). Relating to or suffering from phthisis. phtfaisicky Ctizl-W). 1. Phthisical. ■^. Asthmatic. phthisin (tiz'in). Trade name of a preparation of the bronchial glands of certain animals, recom- mended in the treatment of pulmonary affections. phthisiologist (tiz-I-ol'o-jist). One versed in phthis- iology; a specialist in the prevention and treat- ment of phthisis ; a phthisiotherapist. phthisiology (tiz-l-ol'o-jl) [G. phthisis + -logia.'] The branch of medical science which treats of phthisis, or consumption, in all its relations. phthisiomania (tiz-i-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. phthisis + mania, madness.] A fixed but unfounded belief that one is suffering from pulmonary tuber- culosis; tuberculomania. phtbisiophobia (tiz-I-o-fo'M-ah) [G. phthisis, + phobos, fear.] An unreasoning fear of consump- tion or of the consumptive, tuberculophobia. phthisiotherapeutic (tiz-i-o-ther-5-pu'tik). Relat- ing to the treatment of phthisis. phthisiotherapeutics (tiz-K-o-ther-S-pu'tiks) [G, phthisis + therapeuiikos, relating to treatment.] ' Phthisiotherapy. phthisiotherapist (tiz-J-o-ther'S-pist). One who de- votes special attention to the treatment of phthisis, phthisiologist. phthisiotherapy (tiz-I-o-ther'S-pil) [G. phthisis + therapeia, treatment.] The treatment of phthisis, phthisiotherapeutics. phthisis [ti'sis, te'sis, thi'sis, the'sis) [G. a wasting.] I. A wasting or atrophy, local or general. 2 Specifically, tuberculosis of the lungs, consump- tion, abdom'inal p., intestinal tuberculosis; PHTHISIS 774 PHYSIOLOGICAL tabes mesenterica. black p., anthracosis. colliers' p., anthracosis. essen'tlal p. bulbi, ophthalmoma- lacia, a softening of the eyeball and reduction in size, not due to inflammation, fi'broid p., pulmonary tuberculosis with hyperplasia of con- nective tissue in the lung, file-cutters' p., siderosis. flax-dressers' p., pneumonoconiosis, byssinosis, more properly linosis. glan'dular p., tuberculous inflammation of the lymph glands, especially in the neck ; cervical adenitis, grinder's p.^siderosis ; silicosis, knife-grinder's p., siderosis. laryn'geal p., tuberculosis of the larynx, miners' p., colliers' p., anthracosis. p. bulbi, shrinking of the eyeball following uveitis or other inflam- matory disease, p. confirma'ta, the second stage of pulmonary tuberculosis, p. despeia'ta, the third stage of pulmonary tubercul sis. p. flor'ida, acute tuberculosis, galloping consump- tion, p. incip'iens, the primary stage of pulmo- nary tuberculosis, p. nodo'sa, miliary tuberculo- sis, potter's p., silicosis. phthisopyrin (tiz-o-pi'rin). Trade name of a mixture containing sodium arsenate, camphoric acid, and aspirin; recommended in tuberculosis, especially when fever is present. phycochrome (fi'ko-krom). [G. phykos, seaweed, -1- chroma, color.] A bluish green coloring matter from certain algae. Phycomyce'tes [G. phykos, seaweed, -t- mykes, fungus.] The lower Hyphomycetes , or moulds. phygogalac'tic [G. phyge, flight, -I- gala(galakt-), milk.] I. Checking the secretion of milk, lacti- fuge, galactophygous, ischogalactic. 2. An agent which lessens or arrests the secretion of milk, lactifuge. phylacagogic (fi-lak-a,-goj'ik) [G. phylaxis (phy- lak-), protector, + agogos, leading.] Stimulat- ing the production of protective antibodies. phylacogen (fi-Iak'o-jen) [G. phylax{phyiak-), pro- tector, -I- gennao, I produce.] Trade name of a vaccine composed of the metabolic products obtained from a culture of a pathogenic germ, con- taining no bacterial bodies nor any animal serum. phylaz'in [G. phylax, a sentinel.] Complement, or alexin present in specific serum. phylaxis (fi-laks'is) [G. a guarding.] Protection against infection. phylet'ic [G. phyletikos, belonging to a tribesman.] Relating to the successive organic modifications undergone during the process of evolution of the species; phylogenetic. phylogenic. phyll'oclade [G. phyllon, leaf, + klados, stem ] Cladophyll. phyll'ode [G. phyllon, leaf, -I- eidos, resemblance.] A flattened, leaf-like petiole. phyllotax'is [G. phyllon, leaf, + taxis, arrangement.] In botany, the manner of arrangement of the leaves on a stem. phylogenesis (fl-lo-jen'e-sis) [G. phyU, phylon, a. tribe, + genesis, origin.] The evolutionary de- velopment of any plant or animal species; ancestral history of the individual as opposed to ontogenesis, or the development of the individual. phylogenet'ic, phylogen'ic Relating to phylogene- sis; phyletic. phylogeny (fi-loj'en-1). Phylogenesis. phy'lum, pi. phyla [G. phylon, tribe.] 1. One of the primary divisions of the animal or vegetable kingdom, such as the Vertebrata or the Protozoa; it is the division next below the subkingdom and above the subphylum. i. The history of the evolution of a genus or species graphically repre- sented. phy'ma, pi. phymata [G. a tumor.] A nodule or small rotmded tumor of the skin. phymati'asis. Phymatiosis. phymatio'sis [G. phymation, tubercle, -1- -dsis.'\ Tuberculosis. phy'matoid [G. phyma, a tumor, -t- eidos, resem- blance.] Resembling a ttmior. phymator'rhysin [G. phyma{phymat-), tumor, + rhysis, a flowing.] A variety of melanin obtained from certain melanotic tumors and from hair and other heavily pigmented parts. phymato'sis. The growth or the presence of phy- mata or small nodules in the skin. physal'ifonn, physal'liform [G. physalis, bladder, bubble, + L. forma, form.] Like a bubble or small bleb. physal'iphore [G. physalis, bladder, + phoros, bearer.] A brood cell, or giant cell containing a large vacuole, in a malignant growth. phys'alis [G. a bladder.] A vacuole in a giant cell found in certain cancerous tumors. Phys'alis. A genus of solanaceous herbs, several species of which are employed medicinally in the regions where they grow. Physalop'tera [G. physalis, bladder, + ^(eron, wing.] A genus of round worms parasitic in many of the higher vertebrates. P. caucas'ica, a species found in man in Southern Russia. P. mordens, a species of Tropical Africa found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestine of man. physiatrics (fiz-I-at'riks) [G. physis, nature, + iatrikos, relating to a physician.] The use of natural forces in the treatment of disease. physic (fiz'ik) [G. physikos, natural.] i. The art of medicine. 2. A medicine, especially a cathar- tic; drugs in general. In'dian p., gillenia. p. - nut, the seed of Jatropha curcas, which furnishes a purgative oil. phys'ical. r . Relating to the body, as distinguished from the mind. p. diagno'sis, diagnosis made by means of auscultation, percussion, palpation, and inspection, p. signs, the symptoms of disease appreciable by the methods of physical diagnosis. physician (iS-zish'un) [Fr. physicien, a natural philosopher.] A practitioner of medicine, a medical man, a doctor, a person fitted by knowl- edge, and licensed by the proper authorities, to examine and treat the sick. Phys'ick's opera'tion [Philip Syng Physick, Phila- delphia surgeon, 1768-1837.] Iridectomy with the formation of a circular opening. P.'s pouch'es, proctitis with mucous discharge and burning pain, involving especially the saccula- tions between the rectal valves. P.'s tinc'ture, a tonic mixture made by steeping gentian, or- ange-peel, ginger, and iron filings in cider. physicochemical (fiz"i-ko-kem'I-kal). Relating to both physics and chemistry. physics (fiz'iks) [G. physika.] The branch of science which deals with the phenomena of matter, with the changes which matter under- goes without losing its chemical identity. physinosis (fiz-I-no'sis) [irregularly from G. physikos, physical, + nosos, disease.] A disease caused by physical agents. physiog'nomy [G. physis, nature, + gnomon, a judge.] I . The coimtenance, especially regarded as an indication of the character. 2, The estima- tion of one's character and mental qualities by a study of the face and general bodily carriage. physiological (fiz-I-o-loj'I-kal). 1. Relating to phys- iology. 2. Normal as opposed to pathological, noting the various vital processes. 3. Noting the Jf±iysiOL,OGICAL 77S PIA MATE action of a drug when given to a healthy person as distinguished from its therapeutic action. physiologicoanatomical (fiz-il-o-loj"l-ko-an-a-tom1- kal). Relating to both physiology and anatomy. physiol'ogist. One having a special knowledge, or whose vocation is the study, of physiology. physiol'ogy [G. physis, nature, + -logia.] The science which deals with living things, with the normal vital processes of animal and vegetable organisms, patholog'ical p., that part of the science of disease which treats of disordered function as distinguished from anatomical lesions. physiopatholog'ical. Relating to physiopathology. physiopathol'ogy [G. physis, nature, + pathos, suffering, + -logia.J Pathological physiology. physiother'apy [G. physis, nature, + therapeia, treatment.] Physiatrics. physique (fl-zek') [Fr.] The physical or bodily structure, the "build." physocele (fi'so-sel) [G. physa, a breath, + kele, tumor, hernia.] i. A gas tumor, a circum- scribed swelling due to the presence of gas. 2. A hernial sac distended with gas. physohematometra, physoh^matometra (fi"so-he- mS-to-me'trah) [G. physa, breath, + haima, blood, + metra, uterus.] Distention of the cavity of the uterus with blood and gas. physohydroine'tra [G. physa, breath, + hydor (hydr-), water, + metra, uterus.] Distention of the cavity of the uterus with gas and a serous fluid. physome'tra [G. physa, breath, + metra, uterus.] Distention of the cavity of the uterus with air or ■ any gas. physopyosal'pinx [G. physa, breath, + pyon, pus, + salpinx, trumpet.] Pyosalpinx accompanied by a formation of gas in the tube. physostig'ma [G. physa, bellows, + stigma; so called because of the shape of the stigma.] (U.S.) Physostig'matis sem'ina (Br.), Calabar bean, ordeal bean, the dried seed of Physostigma venenosum-, a vine of western Africa ; in poisonous doses^it causes vomiting, colic, salivation, sweat- ing, dyspnea, vertigo, slow pulse, and extreme prostration; therapeutically it is sometimes enxployed as an expectorant and for the relief of meteorism, in doses of gr. i-i J (o . 06-0 .09). The alkaloid, physostigmine, is employed locally as a myotic. physostigmi'na. Physostigmine, eserine, an alka- loid of physostigma or Calabar bean, physostig- mi'nse salicy'las (U.S.), physostigmine salicylate, eserine salicylate; employed by conjunctival instillation to reduce intraocular tension in glau- coma, and hypodermically in doses of gr. ■jj'in^ (o . ooi-o .005) for the relief of meteorism. physo- Btigmi'nee sul'phas (Br.), physostigmine sul- phate, eserine sulphate, a white odorless powder of bitter taste; employed for the same purposes as the salicylate. physostig'mine. Eserine, physostigmina.* phytal'bumose [G. phyton, plant.] A vegetable • albumose. phytin (fi'tin) [G. phyton, plant.] Trade name of a potassio-magnesium of salt of an inosit-phos- ■ phone acid, recommended as an appetizer and digestant, its action being said to be that of a powerful stimulatnt to the secretion of the gastric juice. phyto- [G. phyton, a plant.] A prefix signifying a plant or noting some relation to plants. phytobezoar (fi-to-bez'or) [G. phyton, plant.] A hair ball in the stomach. Phytoflagella'ta [G. phyton, plant.] A subclass Phytomastigophora the members of which ha yellow or green chromatophores. phytogen'esis [G. phyton, plant, + genesis, prodt tion.] The origin or formation of plants. phytogenet'ic, phytogen'ic. Relating to phyt genesis: of vegetable origin. phytogenous (fi-toj'en-us). Phytogenetic. phytogeny (fi-toj'en-!). Phytogenesis. phy'toid [G. phyton, plant, + eidos, resemblance Resembling a plant, noting an animal havii many of the biological characteristics of vegetable. phytolac'ca [G. phyton, plant, -|-L. lacca, lac] (N.P The root of Phytolacca decandra, pokeroot, a coi mon weed of eastern North America; formei employed in rheumatism in doses of gr. 3' (o . 2-0 .3). Given in eclectic practice in the tres ment of sore nipples, the sore mouth of nursi] infants, in sore throat, and subinvolution of t! uterus, phytolac'cse fruc'tus, pokeberry, t fruit of Phytolacca decandra, at one time official U.S.P., employed for the same purposes as t root. phytolac'cin. A concentration product of phyt lacca, pokeroot or pokeberry; employed for t same purposes as Phytolacca in doses of gr. i- (0.06—0. 2). phy'tolin. Trade name of a preparation of phyt lacca, recommended in rheumatism and in obesit Phytomastigoph'ora [G. phyton, vegetable.] class of the Mastigophora in which some pla: characteristics are prominent. phytopar'asite [G. phyton, vegetable, -I- parasite parasite.] Any vegetable parasite, especial a pathogenic fungus or bacterium. phytopathogen'ic. Causing disease in a plant. phytopathol'ogy [G. phyton, vegetable, + pathc suffering, + -logia.'\ 1. Vegetable pa.tholog the science of plant diseases. 2. Bactenologic pathology, the pathology of bacterial diseases. phytoph'agous [G. phyton, plant, +■ phago, I ea- Plant-eating; vegetarian. phy'toplasm [G. phyton, plant, + plasma, anythii formed.] The protoplasm of vegetable cells. phytoprecip'itin. A precipitin formed in respon to the injection of a vegetable albumin. phyto'sis. Any skin disease caused by the pre ence of a vegetable parasite. phytostearin (fi-to-ste'ar-in) [G. phyton, plant, siear, suet.] A vegetable fatty substance, r sembling cholesterin, present in seeds and youi shoots. phytotoz'in [G. phyton, a plant.] A toxin pr duced by one of the higher plants which resembl a bacterial toxin in its property of exciting tl formation of antitoxin; abrin and ricin a examples of a phytotoxin. phytox'ylin [G. phyton, plant, -I- xylon, wood.] substance similar to photoxylin and pyroxylin. pi'a [L. fem. of pius, tender.] Pia mater. pia-arachnitis (pe-ah-ar-ak-ni'(ne')tis). Piaracl nitis. pia-arachnoid (pe-ah-ar-ak'noyd). Piarachnoid. pi'al. Relating to the pia mater. pi'alyn [G. piar, fat, + lyo, I dissolve.] Lipase. pia mater (pe'ah-mah'ter) [L. tender, aifectiona' mother.] A delicate fibrous membrane close! enveloping the brain and spinal cord. Thi covering the brain (p. m. enceph'ali [BNA follows exactly the outer markings of the cer brum and also sends folds, telae chorioidese, in1 the ventricles; it invests the cerebellum but n( so intimately as it does the cerebrum, n( PIA MATER 776 PIGMENT dipping down into all the smaller sulci-. The spinal pia mater {p.m. spina'Us [BNA]) is thicker than that of the brain, being reinforced by a number of longitudinal fibers; it is firmly adherent to the cord and sends folds into the fissures; it also envelops the spinal nerves for a short distance. piama'tral. Pial, relating to the pia mater. pian (pe-an' or pi'an). Yaws. pian'ist's cramp, pian'o-player's cramp. A pro- fessional neurosis affecting the muscles of the fingers and forearms' in piano-players, piantic (pi-an'tik) [G. piantikos, fattening.] Not- ing sensitized and readily agglutinative micro- organisms, such as have been subjected to pian- tication.* piantication (pi-an-tl-ka'shun) [G. piantikos, fat- tening.] Exaggerated sensitization of bacteria by subculturing already sensitized organisms. piarachnitis (pi-ar-ak-ni'(ne')tis). X,eptomenin- gitis, inflammation of the pia mater and arach- noid membrane. piarachnoid (pi-ar-ak'no.yd). The pia mater and arachnoid considered as one membrane, menin- gina. piarrhe'mia, piairhee'mia [G. piar, fat, -f- haima, blood.] Lipemia. piblok'to [Eskimo word.] An hysterical attack affecting Eskinio women on the west coast of Greenland. pi'ca [L. pica, magpie.] A depraved appetite, a longing for substances not fit for food, such as slate pencils, wood, and the like. Picchini's syn' drome (pik-ke'ne). A form of poly- orrhomeningitis involving the three great serosse in contact with the diaphragm, sometimes also the meninges, tunica vaginalis testis, synovial sheaths, and burss, caused by the presence of a trypanosome. pi'ceous [L. piceus.'\ Relating to or containing'pitch. pichi (pe'che). Fabiana. Pick's disease' [Friedel Pick, Prague physician, *i867.] A disease marked by sugar-coated pericarditis with a similar pleuritis and peritoni- tis, and by pseudocirrhosis, or congestive indura- tion, of the liver. pic'oline. A base obtained from tobacco smoke, and found also in coal-tar and other substances. picraconitine (pik-rS-kon'i-ten). A white amor- phous powder, very bitter but not poisonous, obtained from aconitine by prolonged boiling; by further hydrolysis it is split up into benzoic acid and aconine. picradon'idin. An amorphous glucoside of bitter ta^te, the active principle of adonis ; employed as a substitute for digitalis in doses of gr. yV"! (0.006-0.015). picram'ic acid. A substance occurring in the form of minute red granules in the blood after poisoning with picric acid. pic'rate. A salt of picric acid. pic'ratol. Trade name for silver picrate or silver trinitrophenolate ; soluble in 50 parts of water, and contains about 30 per cent, of silver. pic'ric ac'id [G. pikros, bitter.] Trinitrophenol, carbazotic acid, C8H2(NOj)30H, formed com- mercially by dropping phenol into fuming nitric acid; it occurs in the form of yellow crystals, of bitter taste, slightly soluble in water; it is some- times used as an application in bums, eczema, erysipelas, and pruritus. pic'rin [G. pikros, bitter.] A bitter substance ob- tained from digitalis, and used for the same pur- poses in doses of gr. \ (0.015), picrocarmine (pik-ro-kar'min or men). A stain made of carmine i, ammonia 5, distilled water 50, aqueous solution of picric acid 50; used in histology. picrofor'mal. A fixative made of a mixture of solutions of formal and picric acid. picrogly'cion. Dulcamarin. pic'rol. Potassium diiodoresorcinol-monosulphon- ate, an odorless, white crystalline powder em- ployed as a substitute for iodoform. picroni'grosin. An alcoholic solution of picric acid and aniline black, employed as a histological stain. pic"ropodoph'yllin. An intensely bitter substance derived by treatment with ammonia from podophyllotoxin ; laxative. picropy'rine. A compound of picric acid and antipyrine, occurring in yellowish acicular crystals. picrorrhi'za [G. pikros, bitter, -I- rhiza, root.] (B.A.) The rhizome of Picrorrhiza kurroa, nat. order, Scrophulariacecs; antiperiodic, laxative, and tonic; employed in malaria and dyspepsia in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). picroscle'rotine. A highly poisonous alkaloid ob- tained from ergot. picrotox'in, picrotoxi'num [G. pikros, bitter, + ioxicon, poison.] (Br.) A neutral principle derived from the fruit of Anamiria paniculata, cocculus indicus, fishberries; it occurs in colorless, odorless crystals of bitter taste; it has been employed in epilepsy and chorea in doses of gr. A-jV (0.001-0.003). pie'bald skin. A condition of the skin in which it presents spots or patches of pigmentation or loss of pigment; vitiligo, leucoderma. Pied'mont White Sulphur Springs, California. Alkaline-saline-carbonated waters, 58° F. and 60° F. Several springs. Used by drinking in anemia, dyspepsia, constipation, disorders of the stomach, liver, and kidneys, and rheumatism. piedra (pe-a'drah) [Sp. a stone.] A disease of the hair characterized by the presence on the hairs of numerous, hard, nodular masses composed of fungous aggregations of Trichosporon gigan- teum. p. nos'tras, a condition similar to piedra, but affecting the hair of the beard, p. ponso'na, a snake-stone which enjoys some popular repu- tation in Mexico. Pierrefonds, France (pe-6r-fawn'). Sulphate of lime and ferruginous-arsenical waters. Cold. Two Springs. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic affections of the respiratory organs, skin diseases, anemia, chlorosis, rheumatism, and diseases of women. Jime i to October i. piesometer, piesimeter (pi-S-som'e-ter, pi-S-sim'e-ter) [G. piesis, pressure, -I- metron, measure.] Piezom- eter, an instrument for measuring the degree of pressure of a gas or a fluid. Pietrowski's reac'tion (pya-trov'ske). Biuret reac- tion; the peptones of the gastric juice give with Fehling's solution a characteristic rose-purple color. piezometer (pi-g-zom'e-ter) [G. piezo, I press, + metron, measure.] Piesometer. Piffard's' paste [Henry G. Piffard, New York derma- tologist, 1842-1910.] A paste made of sodium tartrate, 5, caustic soda, 2, and copper sulphate, ±. pigeon-breast (pij'on brest). Pectus carinatum. pig'ment [L. pigmenium; pingere, to paint.] i. Any organic coloring matter, as that of the red blood-cells, of the hair, of the iris, etc. i. A stain for histological or bacteriological work. 3. A medicinal preparation for external use, applied PIGMENT 777 PILUL to the skin like paint, hematog'enous p., a p. derived from the hemoglobin of the red blood- corpuscles, hepatog'enous p., bile p. derived from the destruction of hemoglobin in the liver. pig'mentaiy. Relating to a pigment. pigmenta'tion. Coloration, either normal or path- ological, of the skin or tissues by a deposit of pigment, eztra'neous p., discoloration of the skin or tissues by a pigment introduced from without, as in argyria.* pig'mented. Colored by a deposit of pigment. pigmentol'ysin. An antibody causing destruction of pigment. pigmen'tophag, pigmen'tophage [L. pigmentum + phag{pcyte).'\ Chromophag. pigmen'tum ni'grum [L. black pigment.] The black pigment lining the chorioid coat of the eye. pig'my. Pygmy. Piguet's for'mula (pin-ya') [Pignet, French army surgeon, contemporary.] A standard of com- parison of physical development: F = H — (C -H W) ; P is the empirical factor, H the height in centimeters, C the chest girth in centimeters at maximum expiration and W the weight in kilograms; a man is classed as very strong when F is less than lo, strong between lo and 15, good IS to 20; medium 20 to 25; weak 25 to 30; very weak above 30; see Black' s* formula. piitis (pi-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the pia mater. pil. Abbreviation of L. pilula, pill. pi'lar, pil'aiy [L. pila'ris; pilus, a hair.] Relating to or covered with hair. pilas'ter. An abnormally prominent linea aspera on the femur, the bone being unusually convex anteriorly. pila'tion [G. pilus, a hair.] A capillary fracture. Pilcz re'fler (pilts) [Alexander PUcz, Austrian neurologist, *i87i.] Change in the size of the pupils when one 's attention is suddenly attracted to some object. P. sign, paradoxical pupil phenomenon.* Pilcz-Westphal phenom'enon. 'Westphal*-Pilcz phe- nomenon. pile [L. pila, pillar.] A series of plates of two differ- ent metals imposed alternately one on the other separated by a sheet of cloth or paper moistened with a dilute acid solution, used to produce a. current of electricity; a battery. pile [L. pila, a ball.] An individual hemorrhoidal tumor. pi'leous [L. pilus, hair.] Hairy. piles [L. pila, a ball.] Hemorrhoids. pi'leum [L. a cap.] i. One of the lateral masses or hemispheres of the cerebellum. 2. A caul, a piece of amnion sometimes attached to the head of the child when bom. pil'eus [L. a cap.] I. In botany, the cap on a sporocarp in certain fungi, bearing the hymenia. 2. A nipple-shield, p. ventric'uli [L. cap of the stomach], cap, the upper portion of the duo- denum. pi'li annula'ti [L. ringed hairs.] Trichonosus ver- sicolor, leucotrichia annularis, ringed hair.* pilig'anine. An alkaloid from Lyco podium saururus , a plant of Argentine; the hydrochloride is purga- tive in doses of gr. J-i (o . oi-o .02). pilimiction (pi-li-mik'shun) [L. pilus, hair, + micHo, urination. ] i. The passage of hairs in the urine, as has been observed in cases of dermoid tumors. 2. The passage of threads of mucus in the urine. pi'lin. Spongiopilin. pill [L. pilula; dim. of pila, ball.] A small globular mass of some adherent but soluble substance, containing a medicinal substance to be swallowed. [For the official pills, see under pilula.'] Ande: son's p., Blaud's p., etc., see the proper name Asiat'ic p., a p. containing arsenous acid wii black pepper, blue p., massa hydrargyi bread p., a placebo made of bread crumb 1 other indifferent substance, dinn'er pills, pilul ad prandium (N.F.). enter'ic pills, pills coati with some substance, usually salol, which will n dissolve in the stomach, large p., bolus; ball ( veterinary practice), small p., pellet, pille pillule, parvule, granule. pill'ar [L. pila.] A structure or part having a reser blance to a. column or pillar, pillars of the dii phragm, see crus intermedium, crus laterale, ai crus mediale. pillars of the fauces, arcus palatii pillars of the fornix, the anterior (columna fornici and posterior {crus fomicis) portions of the fom in front of and behind the body. pill'et. Pellet, a small pill. pill'eum, pill'eus. Pileuni) pileus. pillion (pil'yon) [Gaelic pill, a cover.] i . A sadd or a cushion behind the saddle for a second ride hence 2. A temporary artificial leg. pill -rolling (pil'rol-ing) . A circular movement the opposed tips of the thumb and index-fing appearing as a form of tremor in paralys agitans. pilocar'pidine. A liquid alkaloid, CijHuNjC obtained from the leaves of Pilocarpus jaboranc pilocarpina, pilocarpine (pi-lo-kar-pi'nah, pi-lo-kai pen). An alkaloid obtained from the leaves pilocarpus, a syrupy liquid, diuretic, diaphoreti and sialogogue in doses of gr. J-J (0.008-0.01; and externally as a miotic and to stimulate t! growth of the hair, pilocarpi'nae hydrochlo'ridu (U.S.), pilocarpine hydrochloride, colorless cry tals of slightly bitter taste and no odor; doE gr. i—i (o . 008—0 . 03) ; as a miotic in solution of g 1-4 to the ounce, pilocarpi'nae ni'tras (U.S., Br pilocarpine nitrate, in colorless, shining cry tals or a white crystalline powder, soluble water; uses and doses the same as those pilocarpine hydrochloride, pilocarpi'nse phe'ns aseptolin. pilocar'pus [G. pilos, a hat, -I- karpos, fruit.] (U.S Jaborandi, jaborandi folia (Br.), the leaves Pilocarpus microphyllus or of P. jaboranc shrubs of the West Indies and tropical Americ diaphoretic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). pilocerine (pi-los'er-en). An alkaloid from a speci of cactus. pilocys'tic [L. pilus, hair.] Noting a dermoid cj containing hair. pilomotor (pi-lo-mo'tor) [L. pilus, hair, 4- moli mover.] Moving the hair, noting the arrectore pilorum muscles of the skin. piloni'dal [L. pilus, hair, + nidus, nest.] Noti: a growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or oth internal part. p. fis'tula, an anal or para-ar fistula due to the presence of a subcutaneo growth of hair. pi'lose [L. pilosus.] Hairy, downy, furry, cover with hair. pilosebaceous (pi"lo-se-ba'se-us) [L. pilus, hair, sebum, suet.] Relating to the hair-follicles a; sebaceous glands. pilo'sis [L pilus, hair.] Hirsuties, an excessi growth of hair, or growth of hair in an abnom location. pilula, geui and pi. pil'ula (pil'u-lah) [L.] Pi a small spherical, oval, or lenticular mass some inert material (excipient) containing active drug evenly incorporated with when the drug is bulky it may be made intc LULA 778 PILULA >iU without an excipient. In the U.S. P. ,nd N.F. the official pills are listed as pilulce pi.), in the B.P. as pilula (sing.); in the follow- ng list the letter p stands for either pilula or tilulae, as the case may be. p. ad pran'dium (N.F.), dinner pills; under this title he N.F. admits three pills, viz., Chapman's, Cole's, nd Hall's (see these names), but gives the preference the Lady Webster, or p. aloes etmastiches (U.S.P.). rhen none is specified. p. al'oes (U-S.), pills of aloes; aloes and soap of each 3.0, to make 100 pills; dose 1 to 3 pills. p. al'oes et asafoet'idae (N.F., Br.), pill of aloes and safetida; Socotrine aloes, asafetida, hard soap, con- ction of rose, each l ounce; dose gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5) lake into 2 to 4 pills; the N.F. prescribes g grams each 1 aloes, asafetida, and soap made into 100 pills; dose, pill. p. al'oes barbaden'sis (Br.), pill of Barbados aloes; iarbados aloes 2 ounces, soap i ounce, confection f rose I ounce, oil of caraway i fluidrachm; dose, r, 4-8 (0.25-0.5) in 2 to 4 pills. p. al'oes et fer'ri (.N.F., Br.), pills of aloes and iron; loes 7, dried iferrous sulphate 7, aromatic powder 7, onfection of rose sufficient to make 100 pills (U.S.); ose, I to 3 pills; dried ferrous sulphate i, Barbados loes 2, compound cinnamon powder 3, glucose syrup ( Br.) ; dose gr. 4-8 (o . 2 5-0 .5) in 2 to 4 pills. p. sd'oes et mas'tiches (N.F.), pills of aloes and lastic, Lady "Webster's dinner pills; aloes 13, mastic , red rose 3, to make 100 pills; dose i to 3 pills, p. aroes et myr'rhae (N.F., Br.), pills of aloes and lyrrh, Rufus's pills; aloes 13, myrrh 6, aromatic owder 4, syrup sufficient to make 100 pills (U.S.); ose, 3 to 6 pills; Socotrine aloes 2, myrrh i, syrup of lucose 1. 5 (Br.); dose, gr. 4—8 (0,25—0.5) in 2 to 4 ills. p. al''oes et podophyrii compos'ltse (N.F.), compound ills of aloes and podophyllum, Janeway's pills; purified loes gr. I (0.06), resin of podophyllum gr. j (0.03), xtract of belladonna leaves and extract of nux vomica ach gr. i (0.015); laxative. p. aVoes, hydrar'gyri et podophyl'li (N.F.), pills of oes, mercury, and podophyllum, triplex pills, pilula iplex; aloes 13, mass of mercury 6,5, resin of podo- tiyllum 1.6, to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. aroes, hydrar'gyri et scammo'nli compos''it8e NT.F.), compound pills of aloes, mercury, and scam- Lony, Francis' triplex pills; aloes 5.5, resin of scam- lony s . 5, mass of mercury 5 ■ 5, croton oil 0.32, oil of iraway i . 6, tincture of aloes and myrrh, to make 100 ills; dose i pill. p. aloi'ni compos'itse (N.F.), compound pills of aloin; oin 3.25, resin of podophyllum 0.8, extract of bella- anna leaves i . 6, to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. aloi'ni, strychni'nae et belladon'nse (N.F.), pills of bin, strychnine, and belladonna; aloin i . 3, strychnine . OS, extract of belladonna leaves 0. 8, to make 100 pills; ose, I pill. p. aloi'm, strychni'nae et belladon'nse compos'itee "^.F.), compound pills of aloin, strychnine, and bella- onna; aloin gr. J (0.013), strychnine gr. rio (0.0005), xtract of belladonna leaves gr. i (0.008), extract of iscara sagrada gr. i (0.03); laxative. p. antidyspep'ticEe (N,F.), antidyspeptic pills, strych- ine gr. ^ (0.0015), ipecac and extract of belladonna aves each gr, -^ (0.006), mass of mercury and com- Dund extract of colocynth each gr. 2 (o.i3). p. antimo'nii compos'itee (N.F.), compound pills of ntimony, Plummer's pills; sulphurated antimony 4; ilomel 4, guaiac 8, castor oil q.s. to make 100 pills, ose, I pill; the same as p. hydrargyri subchloridi com- osita (Br.), p. antineurargica* antineuralgic pill; under this title le N.F. formerly admitted two pills, viz., Gross's and irown-S6quard's (see these names). p. aatiperiod'icae (N.F.), antiperiodic pills, Warburg's ills; extract of aloes gr. i (0.06), rhubarb and ngelica each gr, J (0.03), elecampane, fennel, and saf- on each gr. i (0.015), camphor, cubeb, myrrh, white garic, and zedoary root each gr. i (0.008), quinine sul- hate i| (0.084), in extract of gentian to make a pill; ose, I to 3 pills; when specified without aloes, the same pill is made without the extract of aloes; this pill is the equivalent of Warburg's tincture, tinctura antiperi- odica. p. antiperiod'icae si'ne al'oe (N.F.)- antip^riodic pills without aloes; see the preceding. p. asafoet'idse (U.S.), pills of asafetida; asafetida 20, soap 6, to make 100 pills; dose, i to 3 pills. p. asafcet'idse compos'ita, p. galbani composita (Br.). p. cambo''gise compos'ita (Br.), compound pill of Gamboge; gamboge, Barbados aloes, compound cinnamon powder, each i, soap 2, syrup of glucose i; dose gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6) in i to 2 pills, p. cathar'ticse compos'ltge (U.S.), compound ca- thartic pills; compound extract of colocynth 80, resin of jalap 20, calomel 60, gamboge 15, diluted alcohol q. s. to make 1000 pills; dose, i or 2 pills. p. cathar'ticse vegetab'iles (N.P.), vegetable cathartic pills; compound extract of colocynth 60, extract of hyoscyamus 30, resin of jalap 20,extract of leptandra 1 5 , resin of podophyllum 15, oil of peppermint 8, diluted alcohol q.s., to make 1000 pills; dose, i or 2 pills. . p. coc'ciae, p. colocynthidis compositas (N.F,). p. colocyn'thidis compos'ita (Br.), compound colo- cynth pill, cochia pill, contains colocynth pulp 1, Barbados aloes 2, scammony resin 2, potassium sul- phate i, oil of cloves i, distilled water q.s.; dose, gr, 4-7i (0.25-0.5). p. colocyn'thidis compos'itae (N.F.), compound pills of colocynth, p. cocciae, cochia pills; purified aloes and resin of scammony each 13, extract of colocynth i . i, oil of clove 1 .5, to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. colocyn'thidis et hyoscjr'ami (Br.), pill of colo- cynth and hyoscyamus; compound pill of colocynth 2, extract of hyoscyamus i; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). p. colocyn'thidis et hyoscy'ami (N.F.), pills of colo- cynth and hyoscyamus; purified aloes, resin of scam- mony, and extract of hyoscyamus each 9.7, extract of colocynth . 6s. oil of clove i, to make 100 pills; dose, I pill as a cathartic. p. colocyn^thidis et podophyl'li (N.F.), pills of colo- cynth and podophyllum; compound extract of colo- cynth 16.2, resin of podophyllum 1.6, to make 100 pills; dose, i pill as a cathartic. p. digita'lis, scil'lee et hydrar'gyri (N.F.), pills of digitalis, squill, and mercury, Niemeyer pills for dropsy, Guy's pills; digitalis, squill, and mass of mercury each 6 . 5. clarified honey sufficient to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. fer'ri (Br,), iron pill, Blaud's pill, p. ferri car- bonatis (U.S.); ferrous sulphate 150, sodium carbo- nate 95, acacia 50, tragacanth 15, syrup 150, glycerin 10, distilled water 20; dose, gr. 5—15 (0.3—1.0). p. fer'ri carbona'tis (U.S.), pills of ferrous carbonate, p. ferri (Br.), iron pills, ferruginous pills, Blaud'spills; ferrous sulphate 16, potassium carbonate 8, sugar 4, tragacanth i, althgea i, glycerin and water of each q.s. to make 100 pills; dose i to 6 pills. p. fer'ri, quini'nse, al'oes et nu'cis vom'icse (N.F.), pills of iron, quinine, aloes, and nux vomica, pilulae quadruplices, quadruplex pills; dried ferrous sulphate, quinine sulphate, and aloes each 6.5, extract of nux vomica 1.6, extract of gentian sufficient to make 100 pills; dose, i pill as a tonic laxative. p. fer'ri iod'idi (U.S.), pills of ferrous iodide, Blan- card's pills; reduced iron 4, iodine 5, licorice 4, sugar 4, extract of licorice i, acacia i, balsam of tolu, water, ether of each q.s. to make roo pills; dose 2 to 6 pills. p. fer'ri, quinl'nse, strychni'nae et arse'ni fortio'res (N.F.), stronger pills of iron, quinine, strychnine, and arsenic, pilulae metallorum amaras, bitter metallic pills; reduced iron and quinine sulphate each 6 . 5, strychnine and arsenic trioxide each . 32, clarified honey to make 100 pills; dose, i pill as a tonic. p. fer'ri, quini'nee, strychni'nce et arse'ni mi'tes (N.F.), mild pills of iron, quinine, strychnine, and arsenic, Aitken tonic pills; reduced iron 4.5, quinine sulphate 6 . 5, strychnine and arsenic trioxide each . 13, clarified honey to make 100 pills; dose, i pill as a tonic. p. galba'ni compos'ita (Br.), compound pill of gal- banum, compound pill of asafetida; galbanum, asa- fetida, and myrrh of each 2, syrup of glucose i; employed in so-called functional neuroses in doses of gr- 5-15 (0.3-1.0). p. glyceryl'is nitra'tis (N.F.), pills of nitroglycerin, PILULA 779 PINEAPPLE glonoin pills; spirit of glyceryl nitrate and althea each 6.5, confection of rose to make lOO pills; dose I pill as a vasodilator. p. hydrar'gyri (Br.), pill of mercury, blue pill, massa hydrargyri (U.S.), mercury 2, confection of rose 3, licorice powder i; dose, gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). p. hydrar'gyri subchlo'ridi compos'ita (Br.), com- pound pill of mercurous chloride, compound pill of antimony, compound calomel pill, Plummer's pill; calomel i ounce, sulphurated antimony i ounce, resin of guaiac 2 ounces, castor oil 3 drachms, alcohol i fluidrachm; employed in rheumatism and for syphi- lides in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). p. ipecacuan'hae cum scil'la (Br.), pill of ipecac and squill; compound powder of ipecac 3, squill and ammoniac of each i, treacle q.s.; employed as an expectorant in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). p. ipecacuan'hse cum urgin'ea (B.A.), pill of ipecac and urginea; the same as p. ipecacuanhas cum scilla (Br.) with substitution of urginea; dose gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). p. laxati'vee compos'itse (N.F.), compound laxative pills, compound pills of aloin, belladonna, and strych- nine ; aloin l . 3, strychnine o. 05, extract of belladonna leaves o . 8, ipecac . 4, licorice 4 . 6, syrup q.s. to make 100 pills; dose i or 2 pills. p. laxati'vee post par'tum (N.F.), laxative pills after confinement. Barker's postpartum pill; compound extract of colocynth gr. ig (o. 11), purified aloes gr. S (0.055), extract of nux vomica gr. li (0.025), extract of hyoscyamus gr. ij (0.08), ipecac and resin of podophyllum each gr. ^ (0.005); laxative. p. metaUo'rum, metallic pills, p. ferri, quininae. strychnine et arseni fortiores (N.F.) and mites (N.F.). p. o'pii, pills of opium; powdered opium 6.5, soap 2, to make 100 pills; dose, i or 2 pills. p. o'pii, digita'lis et quinin'se (N.F.), pills of opium, dijitalis. and quinine, Niemieyerpillsfor phthisis; opium I, digitalis and quinine sulphate each 6.5, clarified. honey to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. o'pii et campho'rse (N.F.), pills of opium and camphor; opium gr. i (0.06), camphor gr. 2 (0.13); anodyne. p. o'pii et plum'bi (N.F.), pills of opium and lead; opium and lead acetate each gr. i (0.06); used in diarrhea. p. phos'phori (iJ.S., Br.), phosphorus pills; phos- phorus 0.06, althgea 6, acacia 3, chloroform, glycerin, ether, balsam of tolu, and water of each q.s. to make loo pills (U.S.); phosphorus i gr., white beeswax and lard of each 12.5, kaolin 11. 5, carbon disulphide 3.3 (Br.); dose I or 2 pills (U.S.),gr. 1-2 (0.06-0. 13) (Br.). p. plum'bi cum o'pio (Br.), pill of lead with opium; lead acetate 36, powdered opium 6, syrup of glucose 4; employed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). p. podophyl'li, belladon'nae et cap'sici, pills of podo- phyllum, belladonna, and capsicum; resin of podophyl- lum 1 . 6, extract of belladonna leaves . 8, capsicum 3.2, sugar of milk 6 . 5. acacia i . 6, syrup and glycerin of each q.s. to make 100 pills; dose, i to 3 pills. p. quad'ruplex, p. ferri, quininae, aloes et nucis vom- ica (N.F.). p. quaf uor [L. four], pill quatuor, pilula quadru- plex. p. quini'UEB sulpha'tig (Br.), pill of quinine sulphate; quinine sulphate 30, tartaric acid i, tragacanth i, glycerin 4; dose, gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). p. rhe'i (N.F.), pills of rhubarb; rhubarb 20, soap 6, to make 100 pills; dose, i pill. p. rhe'i compos'itae (U.S.), p. rhe'i compos'ita (Br.), compound pills of rhubarb, compound rhubarb pill; rhubarb 13, aloes 10, myrrh 6, oil of peppermint 0.5, to make 100 pills (U.S.); rhubarb 48, Socotrine aloes 36, myrrh 34, hard soap 24, oil of peppermint 3, syrup of glucose 44 (Br.); dose, i to 4 pills (U.S.), gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5) (Br.). p. sapo'nis compos'ita (Br.), compound soap pill; opium powder i, hard soap 3> syrup of glucose i; dose, gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). p. scammo'nii compos'ita (Br.), compound scam- mony pill; resin of scammony, resin of jalap, soap of each 1, tincture of ginger 3; purgative in doses of gr 3—5 (0.2—0.3). p. Bcil'Iee compos'ita (Br.), compound squill pill; squill 5, ginger, ammoniac, hardsoap, syrup of glucose of each 4; expectorant in doses of gr. 4-8 (0.25-0.5). p. tri'plex, p. aloes, hydrargyri et podophylli (N.F.). p. tri'plex, Fran'cis, p. aloes, hydrargyri et scam- monii compositae (N.F.). p. urgin'eae compos'ita (B.A.), compound pill of urginea; resembles p. scillse composita (Br.), with the substitution of urginea for squill; dose, gr. 4-8 (0.25- pil'ular. Relating to a pill. p. consis'tency, noting the consistency which will permit a mass to be rolled into a pill and setain its shape, p. mass, any soft solid drug mass which is of the proper • consistency to be made into pills. pil'ule. A small pill, pillet, pellet. pi'lus, gen. and nom. pi. pi'li, gen. pi. filo'rum [L.] Hair, one of the fine, thread-like appendages of the skin, covering more or less thickly the entire body, except the palms and soles and the flexor surfaces of the joints. A hair consists of radix or root, embedded in the hair follicle, and a free portion, scapus, stem or shaft. pimelitis (pi-me-li'(le')tis) [G. pimele, fat, + -His.'] Inflammation of adipose tissue. pixneloma (pi-me-lo'mah) [G. pimele^ fat, + -dnta.] Lipoma. pimelopterygium (pi-mS-lo-ter-ij'I-um) [G. pimele, fat, + pteryxlpieryg-), wing.] A pterygium containing fat, composed ' in part of fatty tissue. pimeloTThea (pi-mS-lS-re'ah) [G. pimele, fat, + rhoia, a flux.] Patty diarrhea. pimelorthopne'a, pimelorthopnoe'a [G. pimele, fat, + orthos, straight, + pnoe, breath.] Orthopnea, or difficulty in breathing in any but the erect posture, owing to excessive adiposity. pimelo'sis [G. pimele, fat, + -osis.] 1. Adiposity, obesity, lipomatosis. 2. Fatty degeneration. pimelu'ria [G. pimele, fat, + ouron, urine.] The passage of fat globules in the urine, lipuria. pimen'ta (N.F., Br.). Pimento, allspice; the dried fruit of Pimenia officinalis, a tree native in Jamaica and other parts of tropical America, em- ployed as a carminative and corrective in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). pimpinel'la (N.F.). Pimpernel, the rhizome and root of Pimpinella saxifraga, burnet saxifrage: carminative, diuretic, and emmenagogue, in doses of gr. 15 (i . o), or of 5 1 (4 ■ 0) of the tinc- ture. pimple (pim'pl). A papule or small pustule. pinac'oUne. A yellowish liquid of peppermint odor, obtained from acetone. Pinard's sign (pe-nar') [Adolphe Pinard, French obstetrician, *i844.] Pain on pressure over the fundus of the gravid uterus toward the end of pregnancy, said to denote a breech presenta- tion. pincement (pans-mon') [Fr. pinching.] A pinching manipulation in massage. pin'cers. The median deciduous incisor teeth of the horse, two in number. pine. See Pinus. pineal (pin'e-al) [G. pineus, relating to the pine.] Shaped like or relating to a pine-cone. p. body, p. gland, conarium, epiphysis cerebri, corpus* pineale. p. habe'na, p. haben'ula, the stalk or peduncle of the corpus pineale. p. recess', reces- sus pinealis of the third ventricle, dividing the habenula into two parts, p. stria, stria medul- laris, a bundle of white fibers from, the hippocam- pus and the basal optic ganglion passing to the habenula of the corpus pineale. pineapple (pin'ap-1). The fruit of Ananas sativa, or PINEAPPLE 780 PIROPLASMA Bromelia ananas; it contains a proteolytic enzyme, bromelin which is closely related to trypsin, p. test, for butyric acid in the stomach ; if a few drops of strong sulphuric acid and alcohol are added to a dried ethereal extract of the gastric juice, a pineapple odor (ethyl butyrate) will be given off if butyric acid was present. Pine Lawn Spring, New Jersey. Light alkaline- calcic waters. Employed as a table water. Pinel's sys'tem (pe-nel') [Philippe Pinel, Parisian alienist, 1745-1826.] The abolition of forcible restraint in the management of the insane. pi'nene. A volatile oil derived chiefly from tur-^ pentine oil, dextropinene from the American and levopinene from the French oil. pi'neoline. Trade name of a pine-needle extract, employed in dermatology. Pinguecula (pin-gwek'u-lah) [L. pinguis, fat.] [BNA]. A yellowish spot sometimes observed on either side of the cornea in the aged; it is a connective-tissue (not fatty) thickening of the conjunctiva. pin'iform [L. pinus, pine, -I- forma, form.] Pineal, shaped like a pine-cone. pink-eye. Acute contagious conjunctivitis.* pin'^a [L. wing.] The external ear exclusive of the meatus; auricle, concha, auricula (i) [BNA]. p. nasi, ala nasi. pinn'al. Relating to the pinna, auricular. pinn'ate [L. pinna, feather.] In botany, noting a leaf which is decidedly longer than it is broad. pinnat'ifid [pinnate + L. findere, to cleave.] In botany, noting a pinnate leaf with the blade cut about half way in toward the midrib. pi'nol. A volatile oil obtained from the needles of Pinus pumilio, a dwarf pine of the Alps, Appe- nines, and Carpathian mountains. pino'leum [L. pinus, pine, -t- oleum, oil.] The trade name of a preparation said to contain menthol, camphor, oil of eucalyptus, oil of Ceylon cinnamon, and pine-needle oil in liquid petroleum; employed locally in catarrhs of the respiratory mucous membranes. pinother'apy [G. peina, hunger, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Hunger-cure, nestotherapy, nestither- apy, limotherapy. Pins's syn'drome. Dulness, diminution of vocal fremitus and of the vesicular murmur, and a slight distant blowing sound, heard in the postero- inferior region of the chest on the left side, in cases of pericardial effusion; there is sometimes also a fine r41e in this region, but all the adventitious auscultatory signs disappear when the patient assumes the genupectoral position. pint (pint). A measure of quantity, containing 16 fluidounces, 28.875 cubic inches. Impe'rial p., contains 20 fluidounces, 34.659 cubic inches. pin'ta [Sp. spot, blemish.] A disease of the skin, endemic in tropical South America, marked by an eruption, chiefly on the face and other exposed parts, of patches of varying color, finally becom- ing white through destruction of the pigment layer of the skin. It is due to the presence of one of several fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monilia, and Montoyella. pi'nus \L.\ I. [from its fancied resemblance to a pine-cone] Corpus* pineale [BNA], pineal gland. 2. Pine. p. al'ba (N.F.), white pine bark, the dried inner bark of P. strobus; dose, gr. 30 (2.0); two syrups are official in the N.P. under the title syrupus pini strobi. Pi'nus [L.] A genus of evergreen coniferous trees yielding tar, turpentine, resin, and volatile oils. P. palus'tris, long-leaved pine, brown pine, one of the sources of pix liquida. P. stro'bus, white pine, the inner bark of which (pinus alba, N.F.) is credited with expectorant properties, being one of the ingredients of the compound syrup of white pine, syrupus* pini strobi compositus. pin'wonn. Oxyuris. pioepithelium (pi'D-ep-I-thell-um). Fatty degen- erated epithelium, or any epithelium containing fat globules. pione'mia, pionse'inia [G pion, fat, + haima.J Lip- emia. Piorkow'ski's u'rine-geratine (pyor-kov'ski) [Max Piorkowski, German bacteriologist, *i859.] A culture medium made from stale urine, peptone, and gelatin, used in the diiierentiation of the typhoid bacillus. piorthopne'a, piorthopnoe'a [G. pidn, fat, -I- orthos straight, -I- pnoe, breath.] Pimelorthopnea; difficulty in breathing in any but the erect posture, owing to excessive obesity. pi'per (U.S.). Black pepper, the dried unripe fruit of Piper nigrum, a climbing plant of the East Indies ; employed as a stimulant and carminative, in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3), and locally as a counterirritant. piperazin (pi-per-az'in). Piperazidin, ethylene- imine, pyrazin hexahydride; a. crystalline sub- stance obtained from ethylene chloride or ethyl- ene bromide by the action of ammonia ; employed in the treatment of uric-acid gravel and in gout in doses of gr. 15-30 (i . 0-2 . o) a day. p. quin'ate, sidonal, a white powder employed as a uric-acid solvent in doses of gr. 15-20 (1.0-1.3). pi'peridine. A derivative of pipeline, p. guai'aco- late, guaiaperol. piperina, piperine (pi-per-i'nah, pi'per-en). A feebly basic principle obtained from black pep- per; employed as a tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 3-5 (o . 2-0 . 3) . ' pipero'vatine. _ An alkaloidal body, CitHs,N02, allied to piperine, derived from the leaves of Piper ovatum, a West Indian plant. pipette' [Fr. dim. of pipe, pipe.] A tube used to transport small amounts of a gas or liquid in laboratory work. pipitzahoic acid (pl-pit-zah-ho'ik as'id). Perezon. pipsis'sewa [N.A. Indian name.] Chimaphila. pir'iform [L. pirum, pear, + forma, form.] Pear- shaped. pirifor'mis. See under musculus. Pirogofi's amputa'tion (pe-raw'gawf) [Nikolai Ivan- ovich Pirogoff, Moscow surgeon, 1810-1881.] Amputation of the foot, the lower articular surfaces of the tibia and fibula being sawn through and the ends covered with a portion of the os calcis which has also been sawn through from above posteriorly downward and forward; see cut under amputation. P.'s angle, venous angle. Piroplas'ma [L. pirum, pear, -I- G. plasma, a thing formed.] Babesia, a genus of Sporozoa of the subclass Hasmosporidia; many of the species are parasitic in the blood of the domestic animals. P. blgem'inum, the cause of redwater fever in cattle. P. donovan'i, a name sometimes given to the Leishman*-Oonovan body. P. hom'inis, the assumed parasitic cause of Rocky Mountain tick fever. P. mutans, a species of indetermi nate pathogenicity. P. ovis, the protozoan para- site causing heart-water in sheep; it is trans- mitted by a tick, Rhipicephalus bursa. P. parvum, the parasite of east-coast fever, or Rho- STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY Breech Presentation: right sacroanterior. Transverse (shoulder) Presentation: right scapuloanterior. Breech Presentation: right sacroposterior. Face Presentation: right mentoanterior. Transverse (shoulder) Presentation: right scapuloposterior. Vertex Presentation: rignt occipitoanterior. Face Presentation: right mentoposterior. Vertex Presentation: right occipitoposterior. PIROPLASMA 781 PIX desian redwater fever, a cattle disease in East Africa, differing in several respects from the redwater fever of Texas. piioplasmo'sis. Any infectious disease due to the presence in the red blood corpuscles of an animal parasite of the genus Piroplasma. Pirquet's test (per-kef) [Clemens von Pirquet, Vienna physician, *i874.] A test for the pres- ence of tuberculosis, especially inchildren, by means of the cutireaction.* piscid'la [L. piscis, fish, + cadera, to kill.] The bark of the root of Jamaica or white dogwood, Piscidia erythrina, a tree of Jamaica, Cuba, and southern Florida; employed as an anodyne in doses of gr. 5-8 (o. 3-0.5). pis'cidin. A neutral body, Cj,H„0„ obtained from piscidia. pisiform (piz'I-form) [L. pisum, pea, + forma, ap- pearance. Pea-shaped or pea-sized, p. bone, os pisiforme. pis'til [L. pistillum.l The female part of a flower, consisting of the ovary and, stigma, with or with- out a style. pit [L. puteus.'] I. Any natural depression on the surface of the body,''as the armpit or axilla. -2. A dimple; one of the pinhead-sized, depressed scars following the pustule of smallpox, pock- mark. 3. A sharp-pointed depression in the enamel surface of a tooth. 4. To indent, as by pressure of the finger on the edematous skin; to become indented, said of the edematous tissues when pressure is made with the finger-tip. au'ditoiy p., a depression in the head of the em- bryo marking the location of the future laby- rinth, p. of the stomach, scrobiculus cordis, the depression in the epigastritma just below the , xiphoid cartilage. pitch [L. pixJ] A resinous substance obtained from tar after the volatile substances have been ex- pelled by boiling. See pix. pitch'blende. Uraninite, a substance of pitch-like appearance chiefly uraniiun oxide, the main soiirce of radium. Pit'field's meth'od. See Smith-P-iifield. pitglan'din. Trade name of an extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body; tethelin. pith [A.S. pitha.'\ i. The medulla or light, cellular, central mass of the stems of plants, ii. The center of a hair. 3. The spinal cord and medulla oblongata. 4. To pierce the medulla of an animal by a knife introduced at the base of the skull. pithecoid (pith'e-koyd) [G. pithekos, ape, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling an ape. p. id'iot, one having an ape-like formation of the face. p. the'ory, the theory of man's descent with the ape from a common ancestor. pithiat'ic. Relating to pithiatism, pithiatric. pithiatism (pl-thi'S-tizm) [G. peitho, I persuade, + iatos, curable.] i. A morbid condition curable by suggestion. 2. The treatment of disease by suggestion. pithiatric (pith-I-at'rik) [G. pithanos, persuasive, -t- iatrikos, relating to medical treatment.] Curable -by persuasion or suggestion, referring to the class of hysterical symptoms which can be made to disappear or be reproduced by means of sugges- tion. 1 pith'ode [G. pithos, a spheroidal earthenware vessel, + eidos, resemblance.] The nuclear spindle in caryocinesis. Pitres's sections (petr) [Albert Pitres, Bordeaux physician, *i848.] A series of six coronal sec- tions made through the brain for the purpose of studying this organ. P.'s sign, (i) the axis of the sternum is marked on the chest wall, then a. string is stretched between the center of the sternal notch and the symphysis pubis ; normally this line coincides with the line of the sternal axis; if it does not, in cases of pleurisy, the angle which it forms with the sternal line indicates the degree of pleural effusion in the chest; (2) haphalgesia; (3) diminished sensation in. the testicles and scrotum in tabes dorsalis. Pittville waters, England. See Cheltenham. pituglandol (pit-u-glan'dol). Trade name of a ten per cent, extract of the infundibular por- tion of the hypophysis cerebri. pituita (pit-u-i'tah) [L.] A thick, nasal secretion, glairy mucus. pituitary (pit-u'1-ta-ri). Relating to pituita or glairy mucus, p. body, p. gland [so called because it was formerly supposed to secrete the nasal mucus], hypophysis cerebri; CoUina's term for the anterior, or epithelial, lobe only of the hypophysis; see processus infundibuli. pitu'itous. Pituitary, relating to pituita. pituitrin< (pit-u'J-trin). The trade name of a prepa ration made from the posterior lobe of the pit- uitary gland; said to xert a vasoconstrictor ac- tion similar to that of adrenalin and to be service- able as an oxytocic and in the treatment of acro- megaly and gigantism in doses of 10—30 gr. (0.6-2.0). pituitotrope (pit-u'i-to-trop). A person with 3 pituitotropic endocrine constitution. pituitotropic (pit-u-i-to-trop'ik). Relating tb or marked by pituitotropism. pituitotropism (pit-u-I-tot'ro-pizm) \pituitary gland, + G. tropos, a turning.] A type of endocrine constitution in which the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) exercises a dominat- ing influence. pit'urine. A liquid alkaloid, CuHijNj, resembling nicotine, obtained from pituri, the leaves of Duboisea hopwoodii, used by the Australian aborigines in the same way as tobacco. pityriasic (pit"I-ri-as'ik). Relating to or suffering from pityriasis. pityriasis (pit"I-ri'a-sis) [G. pityra, bran.] A derma- tosis marked by branny desquamation, p. al'ba atroph'icans, atrophoderma albidum. p. cap'itis, dermatitis seborrhoica of the scalp, p. cir- cina'ta, an acute affection marked by a red scaly, eruption, with slight fever of short duration p. licheno'des, maculopapular erythrodermia. p. lin'- guse, geographical tongue, p. macula'ta, p. circi- nata. p. margina'ta, a parasitic scaly eruption. p. nos'tras, tinea nodosa, p. pila'ris, (i) keratosis pilaris; (2) p. rubra pilaris, p. ro'sea, an eruption of patches of varying size, of a pink color covered with whitish scales; this is the macular form; in the circinate form the patches tend to increase in size peripherally while clearing in the center, p. ru'bra, dermatitis exfoliativa, a generalized red dermatitis marked by branny desquamation, p. ruTara pila'ris, lichen ruber, lichen psoriasis, an eruption of papules surround- ing the hair follicles, each papule pierced by a hair, and tipped with a homy, more or less greasy scale, p. sim'plex, seborrhea simplex, p. versic'- olor, tinea versicolor. pityroid (pit'i-royd) [G. pityra, bran, -f eidos, resemblance.] Branny, scaly, furfuraoeous. pivot -joint (piv'ot-joynt) . Articulatio trochoidea. pix, gen. pi'cis [L.] Pitch, p. burgun'dica (Br.), Burgundy pitch, white pitch, a resinous exuda- tion from the spruce fir or Norway spruce, Pifea. PIX 782 PLAGUE excelsa; employed as a cotmterirritant in the form of a plaster, p. canaden'sis, Canada or hem- lock pitch, a resinous exudation from the hem- lock Tsuga canadensis; sometimes employed as a substitute for p. burgundica. p. carbo'nis, p. lithanthracis (N.F.). p. carbo'nis praepara'ta (Br.), prepared coal-tar, prepared by heating in a shallow vessel for one hour at 120° F. ; used in the preparation of liquor picis carbonis (Br.). p. liq'uida (U.S., Br.), tar, obtained by the de- structive distillation of the wood of Pinus palus- tris and other species of pine; employed intern- ally as an expectorant, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06- 0.2), and externally in the treatment of various skin diseases, p. lithan'thracis (N.F.), p. car- bonis, coal-tar, a side product in the manufac- ture of illuminating gas, a very dark semisolid of characteristic odor. pix'ol. Trade name a of dark brown syrupy liquid obtained by warming 3 parts of pix liquida with I part of green soap and adding 3 parts of a 10 per cent, potassium hydroxide solution; em- ployed as an antiseptic as a substitute for phenol. P.L. Abbreviation for perception of light. place'bo [L. I will please.] An indifferent substance, in the form of a medicine, given for the moral or suggestive effect. placen'ta [L. a cake.] i. The organ of communica- tion between the fetus and the mother; it is formed from the outer layer of the fetal envelopes, or chorion, and is of flat circular form, about the size of a soup-plate, or seven inches in diameter. The fetal surface is smooth and from it proceeds the umbilical cord; the maternal surface is ' marked by a number of lobules, or cotyledons, which project into sinuses in the wall of the uterus, being there bathed in the maternal blood ; by this means the fetal blood receives oxygen and nutri- ment and gives up waste material, the placenta therefore performing the functions of respiration, nutrition, and excretion. After the expulsion of the child the placenta is called the after-birth. i. An enlarged spleen, a clot, or other body hav- ing a resemblance to a placenta. 3. In botany, the sporophore, the part of the ovary of a plant which contains the ovules, abla'tio placen'tse, abrup'tio placen'tae, premature detachment of a normally situated placenta, access'ory p., a mass of placental tissue distinct from the main placenta and sometimes at quite a distance from it. ann'ular p., one in the form of a band encircling more or less completely the interior of the uterus, batt'ledore p., one in which the funis is attached at the border, fe'tal p., the portion composed of the chorion which contains the blood-vessels of the fetus, horse'shoe p., an exaggerated p. reniformis curved in the form of a horseshoe, mater'nal p., the thin mem- ' brane lining the p., formed of the decidua sero- tina. p. bi'loba, a p. duplex in which the two . parts are separated by a constriction, p. bi- parti'ta, p. biloba. p. circumvalla'ta, a cup- shaped placenta with raised edges; see p. refiexa. p. dimidia'ta [L. dimidiare, to divide into halves], p. duplex, p. du'plex, one consisting of two parts, almost entirely detached, being united only at the point of attachment of the cord. p. febri'lis, the enlarged spleen in chronic ma- laria, p. fenestra'ta, one in which there are areas of thinning, sometimes extending to entire absence of placental tissue, p. fetalis, p. foeta'- lis [BNA], fetal p., the chorionic portion of the p., containing the fetal blood-vessels, p. mar- glna'ta, a p. with raised edges, less pronounced than the p. circumvallata, see p. refiexa. p. membrana'cea, a thin placenta covering most of the inner surface of the uterus, due to failure of the chorion lasve to atrophy, p. multilo'ba, a p. having more than three lobes separated from each other by simple constrictions, the fetus being single, p. pandurafor'mis (L. pandura, a three-stringed musical instrument], a form of p. dimidiata with the two halves placed side by side in the shape of a violin, p. prae'via, p. pre'via [L. prcBvius, leading the way], the condition in which the p. is implanted in the lower segment of the uterus obstructing the os more or less completely, p. prae'via centra'lis, that form in which the center of the p. corresponds to the os uteri, p. prae'via margina'lis, a form in which the p. comes just to, but does not occlude the os. p. prse'via partia'Us, a form in which the os, when fully dilated, is only partly covered by the p. p. Teflez'a, an anomaly of the p. resulting from the abnormal proliferation of the decidua refiexa; it is manifested as p. circumvallata or p. marginata. p. Tenifor'mis, a kidney-shaped placenta, p. san'guinis, blood-clot. p. spu'- ria, a mass of placental tissue which has no vascular connection with the fetus, p. succen- turia'ta, an accessory p. p. tii'loba, a p. tripartita in which the three parts form one mass separated by more or less deep constrictions, p. tripar- ti'ta, a p. consisting of three parts, entirely sepa- rate or joined together, the fetus being single. p. trl'plex, p. tripartita, p. veleunento'sa, a form in which the umbilical vessels spread out in the chorion, entering the p. as independent vessels. stu'dent's p., a retained placenta in a case of labor that has not been properly managed. zo'nary p., annular p. placen'tal. Relating to the placenta. placenta'tion. The mode of attachment of the placenta. placentin (pia.-sen'tin). A placental extract em- ployed in the cutireaction test for pregnancy. placentitis (pia-sen-ti'(te')tis) [L. placenta + G. -itis.'\ Placuntitis. placentol'ysin. Syncytiolysin. placento'ma. Placuntoma. placentother'apy [G. therapeia, treatment.] The therapeutic use of an extract of placental tissue. Placido's disc (plah-se'do) [G. Placido, Portuguese oculist, contemporary.] A disc marked with alternate black and white circles, employed as a keratoscope. placuntitis (pia-kun-ti'(te')tis) [G. plakous(pla- kount-), a flat cake (placenta), -I- -itis.l Inflam- mation of the placenta. placunto'ma [G. plakous(plakount-), a flat cake (placenta), -)- -oma.'] A tumor originating iu a portion of a retained placenta. pla"giocepharic. Relating to or marked by plagio- cephaly. pladaro'ma, pladaro'sis [G. pladaros, flaccid, + -oma.'] A soft wart-like growth on the eyelid. pla"gioceph'alism. Plagiocephaly. pla"gioceph'alous. Plagiocephalic. plagiocephaly (pla"ji;-o-sef'a-lI) [G. plagios, oblique, + kephale, head.] A deformity marked by an obliquity of the skull, one side being more devel- oped anteriorly, the other side posteriorly. plague (plag) [L. plaga, pestilence,] i. Any disease of wide prevalence or of excessive mortality, n. Pest, black death; an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus pestis; it is marked clinically by high fever, toxemia, prostration, a petechial eruption, and glandular swellings, pneumonia, or PLAGUE 783 PLASMA hemorrhage from the mucous membranes; it is primarily a disease of rodents and is transmitted to man by fleas which have bitten infected ani- mals, am'bulantp., am'bulatory p., (i) a seemingly mild form in which the patient does not take to the bed, but which is often fatal; (2) pestis minor, larval p. bubon'ic p., the usual form of p., marked by inflammatory enlargement of the lymphatic glands in the groins, axillae, or other parts, glan'dular p., bubonic p. lar'val p., pestis minor, a very mild form, in which bubos are usually present, but the signs of constitu- tional involvement are slight or wanting entirely. pneumon'ic p., a peculiarly fatal form in which there are scattered areas of pu'monary consolida- tion, with chill, pain in the side, bloody expecto- ration, and high fever, septice'mic p., pestis siderans, a generally fatal form in which there is an intense bacteriemia with symptoms of pro- found toxemia. Sibe'rian p., a cattle disease of Siberia and Manchuria, swine p., hog* cholera. plain [L. planus, flat.] A more or less smooth and level area, nuchal p., occipital p., orbital p., popliteal p., sternal p., see under planum. plaister (plas'tur). Plaster. plane [L. planus, flat.] 1. A flat surface; see planum. 2. An imaginary surface formed by extension through any axis or two definite points, in reference especially to craniometry and to pelvimetry, da'tum p., an arbitrary plane used as a base from which to make craniometric measurements, p. of pel'vic contrac'tion, the lower contracted portion of the pelvic cavity. p. of pel'vic expan'sion, the upper roomy por- tion of the pelvic cavity, vis'ual p., a plane drawn through the two axes of vision. The Pelvic Planes. planim'eter [L. planum, plane, + G. meiron, mbas- sure.J An instrument formed of jointed levers with a recording index, used for measuring the area of any surface, by tracing its boundaries. planithorax (plan"5-tho'raks) . A diagram of the chest showing the front and back in plane pro- jection, after the manner of Mercator's projec- ' tion of the earth's surface. plank'ton [G. planktos, wandering.] A general term embracing all sea animals. planoceU'ular [L. planus, flat, + cellula, cell.] Relating to or composed of flat cells, Planococ'cus [G. plane, wandering, + kokkos, berry.] A genus of Coccacem, the members of which are flagellated and divide in two planes. planocon'cave. Flat on one side and concave on the other, noting a lens* of that shape. planocon'vex. Flat on one side and convex on the other, noting a lens* of that shape. plan'ocyte [G. pianos, straying, -f- kytos, cell.] A wandering cell. Planosai'cina [G. plane, ;wandering, -I- L. sarcina, a . bundle.] A genus of Coccace(B, including flagel- lated cells which divide in three planes but do not usually remain united in cube-forms, like Sarcina. plan'ta, gen. and pi. plan'tcs [L.] [BNA] The sole of the foot, vola. planta'go. The root and leaves of the common or large-leaved plantain, Plantago major; employed chiefly in eclectic practice in the treatment of nocturnal incontinence of urine, leucorrhea, and hemorrhoids, and especially, both topically and internally, in toothache and in earache. plan'tar. Relating to the sole of the foot, volar. p. arch, arcus plantaris. planta'ris. See under musculus. Plants cell (plahn-ta'). Acctimulator or storage battery.* planula (plan'u-lah) [L. dim. of planus, flat.] The name given by Lankester to the embryo when it consists of the two primary germ layers only, yiz., ectoderm and endoderm. invag'inate p., gastrula. pla'num [L. neut. of planus, flat,] A plane or flat surface, a plain, p. nuchale (nu-ka'le) [BNA]; . nuchal plain, the outer surface of -the squa- mous part of the occipital bone below the superior curved line, giving attachment to the muscles of the back of the neck. p. occipita'le [BNA], occipital plain, the - outer surface of the occipital bone above the superior- curved line, covered by the hairy scalp, p. orbita'le, orbital plain, orbital surface of the maxilla, p. poplite'um [BNA], popliteal plain, popliteal surface, a flat triangular area at the lower end of the femur posteriorly, bounded by the diverging lips of the linea aspera. p. sterna'le [BNA], the sternal plane or anterior surface of the sternum, p. tempora'le [B NA], a slightly depressed area on the side of the cra- nium, below the inferior temporal line, formed by the temporal and parifetal bones, the greater wing of the sphenoid', and a part of the frontal bone. planu'ria [G. pianos, wandering, + ouron, urine.] 1. Extravasation of urine. 2. The voiding of urine from an abnormal opening. planus (pla'nus) \L.\ Flat. plaque (plak) [Fr. a plate.] i. A blood-platelet.* 2. A patch or small differentiated area on the skin or a mucous surface. plasm. Plasma. plas'ma [G. anything' formed.] i. The fluid portion of the circulating blood, distinguished from the serum obtained after coagulation ^. The fluid portion of the lymph. 3. Proto- plasm. 4. Glycerite of starch, glyceritum* amyli, used as an excipient for ointments, mus- cle p., an alkaline fluid in muscle which is spon- taneously coagulable, separatirfg into myosin and muscle-serum, p. glyceri'ni, glyceritum amyli. p. mari'num, sea-water diluted to make it iso- tonic with the blood-plasma, recommended in the treatment, by intramuscular injection,, of tuberculosis, various skin diseases, and other disorders, salted p., salted serum, the fluid PLASMA •784 PLASTER portion of blood drawn from the vessels, which is prevented from coagulating by being drawn into a solution of sodium or magnesium sulphate. plas'ma-cell. A phagocytic and probably ameboid leucocyte, resembling the mononuclear phago- cytic leucocyte of inflammatory exudates; tiirck's irritation cell, stim.ulation cell, phlogocyte. plas'macule [a dim. Latin form of plasma.] One of the minute granules assumed to exist in the blood-plasma and to endow it with vital prop- erties. plasmame'ba, plasmamLUMBUM 792 PNEUMATOSIS insoluble in water; occasionally employed to re- lieve irritation in dermatitis; it is used largely in the manufacture of paint and in the arts and is thus productive of lead poisoning, p. iod'idum (N.F., Br.), lead iodide, a bright yellow powder, or yellow lustrous scales; employed externally as a stimulating ointment in the case of sluggish ulcers, and has been used internally in the treat- ment of tuberculous glands in doses of gr. i— 2 (0.03-0.12). plum'bi ni'tras (N.F.), lead nitrate, occurs in colorless, translucent or opaque white, soluble crystals; employed externally in the treatment of chapped hands, cracked nipples, and other similar lesions, plum'bi ox'idum (U.S., Br.), lead oxide, litharge, a yellowish to reddish powder; employed externally as an application to bums, and is used to make the lead plaster of the B.P. plum'bi ox'idum ru'brum (N.P.), red oxide of lead, red lead, a bright orange-red pow- der turning black when heated. Plum'mer's pill [Andrew Plummer, Scotch physician, ti7s6.] Pilula hydrargyri subchloridi composita. plu'mose [L. pluma, feather.] Feathery. plu'mula [L. dim. of pluma, feather.] i . A feather- like marking on the upper wall of the aquseducui s cerebri. 2. In botany, the primary leaf-bud of the embryo. plumule (plu'mul). Plumula. Plunk'et's caus'tlc. Arsenic 60, sulphur 100, ranun- culus acris and ranunculus flammula each 480, beaten together into a paste. pluriceptor (plu-ri-sep'tor) [L. plus{plur-), more, -|- capere, to take.] A receptor having more than two compleraentophile groups. pluriglandular (plu-ri-glan'du-lar) [L. plus(plur-), more.] Polyglandular, noting several glands or their secretions. p, syn'drome, a group of symptoms supposedly due to perverted action and interaction of several ductless glands. plurigravida (plu-rl-grav'I-dah) [L. plus{plur-), more, -1- gravida, pregnant.] A woman pregnant for the third time or more, multigravida. pluriloc'ular [L. plus(plur-), more, -1- loculus, a small place or cell.] Multilocular. plurip'ara [L. plus(plur-), more, -I- parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne three or more children, multipara. pluripar'ity. Multiparity. plutoma'nia [G. ploutos, wealth, + mania, frenzy.] An insane delusion that one has great wealth. Plym'outh Rock Min'eral Well, Michigan. Alkaline- saline-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in gout, rheumatism, disorders of the stomach, irritability of the bladder and kidneys, gravel, and other troubles. pneocardiac reflex (ne-o-kar'dl-ak re'fleks) [G. pneo, I breathe, -|- kardia, heart.] A modifica- tion in the blood pressure or heart rhythm caused by the inhalation of an irritating vapor. pneodynamlcs (ne"-o-di-nam'iks) [G. pneo, I breathe, + dynamis, force.] The mechanics of respiration. pneogaster (ne-o-gas'ter) [G. pneo, I breathe, + gaster, belly.] The respiratory tract considered in relation with its development as part of the general intestinal system. pneograph (ne'o-graph) [G. pneo, I breathe, -I- grapho, I record.] An instrument for recording the force and rapidity of the respiratory movements. pneom'eter (ne-om'e-ter) [G. pneo, I breathe, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the volume of respired air. pneophore (ne'o-for) [G. pned, I breathe, -I- phoros, a bearer.] An instrument for use in artificial respiration. pneopneic reflex (ne-op-ne'ik re'fleks) [G. pneo, I breathe.] A modification of the respiratory rhythm caused by the inhalation of an irritating vapor. pneoscope (ne'o-skSp) [G. pneo, I breathe, + skoped, I examine.] An instrument for measuring the extent of the respiratory excursions of the chest. pneumarthro'sis (nu-mar-thro'sis) [G. pneuma, air, -I- arthron, joint, + -osis.'] The presence of air in a joint. pneumascope (nu'mS-skop) [G. pneuma, breath, + skoped, I examine.] Pneoscope. pneumascos (nu-mas'kos) [G. pneuma, air, + askos, bag (the peritoneal sac).] Pneumoperitoneum. pneumathemia, pneumatheemia (nu-m£-the'ml-ah) [G. pneuyna{pneumat~'), air, -f- haima, blood,] The presence of air bubbles or gas in the blood. pneumatic (nu-mat'ik) [G. pneumaiikos.] 1. Relat- ing to air or gas. 2. Relating to respiration. p. bone, hollow bone, one which contains many air-cells, p. cab'inet, an airtight box of steel with plateglass front, large enough to hold a person sitting, in which the air may be con- densed or rarified at will. pneumatinuria (nu-m4-tin-u'rl-ah) Pneumaturia. pneumatics (nu-mat'iks). The science which treats of the physical properties of air or gases. pneumatocardia (nu-mat-o-kar'dl-ah) [G. pneuma {pneumai-), air, + kardia, heart.] The presence of air bubbles or gas in the blood of the heart. pneumatocele (nu-mat'o-sel) [G. pneuma(pneumai-), air, -f- kele, tumor, hernia.] ±. Distention of the scrotum with gas. j. An emphysematous or gaseous tumor. 3. Pneumonocele. pneumatodyspnea, pneumatodyspnoea (nu-mat"o- dis-pne'ah) [G. pneuma{pneumat-), air, -I- dys- pnoia, difficulty in breathing.] Shortness of breath in cases of pulmonary emphysema. pneumatogram (nu-mat'o-gram) [G. pneuma{pneu- mat-), breath, + gramma, a drawing.] The record or tracing made by a pneumatograph. pneumatograph (nu-mat'o-graf) [G. pneuma{pneu- mat-), breath, -I- grapho, I record.] An instru- ment for recording the respiratory movements; pneograph. pneumatology (nu-ma-tol'o-il) [G. pneuma(,pneu- mat-), air, -I- -logia.] The science dealing with air or gases, their physical and chemical proper- ties and, among other things, their therapeutic applications. pneumatometer (nu-mi-tom'e-ter) [G. pneuma (pneumat-), breath, -I- metron, measure.] Pneom- eter. pneumatorrhachis (nu-ma-tor'4-kis) [G. pneuma {pneumat-), air, + rhachis, spine.] The presence of air or gas in the spinal canal. pneumatoscope (nu-mat'o-skop) [G. pneuma(pneu- mat-) , air, + skoped, I examine.] i . Pneoscope. 2. An instrument for use in auscultatory per- cussion, the percussion sounds of the chest being heard at the mouth. 3. A device for determin- ing the presence of air or of a liquid effusion in the mastoid cells, the principle being that a vibrat- ing tuning-fork is heard longer when in contact with the normal mastoid. pneumatosis (nu-mS-to'sis) [G. a blowing out.] Abnormal accumulation of gas in any part of the body. p. cystoi'des intestina'lis, a condition marked by the occurrence of gas cysts 'in the intestinal mucous membrane, especially of the sigmoid; it is due to the formation of gas in the lymph spaces and is probably dependent upon the presence of a gas-forming bacillus. PNEUMATOTHERAPY 793 PNEUMONIA pneumatotherapy (nu-mat-o-ther'i-pl) [G. pneuma {pneumat-), air, + therapeia, treatment.] The treatment of disease by means of the pneumatic cabinet or any other method of rarefying or con- densing air. pneumatothorax (nu-mat-o-tho'raks). Pneumo- thorax. pneumaturia (nu-ma-tu'ri-ah) [G. pneuma(pneu- mat-), air, + ouron, urine.] The passage of gas from the urethra during or after the discharge of urine, due to the decomposition of urine in the bladder or to the presence of an intestinal fistula. pneumatype (nu'mS-tip) [G. pneuma, breath, + typos, figure, outline.] A device for determining the permeability of the nasal fossae by exhaling through the nose against a plate of cooled glass. pneumectomy (nu-mek'to-ml). Pneumonectomy. pneumin (nu'min). Methylene-creosote, an insolu- ble yellow powder without odor or taste, recom- mended in bronchitis and tuberculosis in doses of gr. 4—8 (0.25-0.5); it is obtained by the action of formaldehyde on creosote. pneumobacilUn (nu-mo-bas'il-in). A toxin or toxic protein derived from cultures of the pneumo- bacillus. pneumobacillus. Bacillus pneumoniw. pneumobacterine (nu-mo-bak'ter-en). A stock vac- cine* made from killed cultures of the pneumo- coccus. pneumobulbar (nu-mo-bul'bar) [G. pneumdn, lung, + bolbos, bulb.] Relating to the lungs and the . vagus center in the medulla oblongata. pneumobulbous (nu-mo-bul'bus). Pneumobulbar. pneumocele (nu'mo-sel). Pneumonocele. pneumocentesis (nu"mo-sen-te'sis). Pneumonocen- tesis. pneumocephalus (nu-mo-sef'S-lus) [G. pneuma, air, -I- kephale, head.] The presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity. pneumochirurgia (nu-mo-ki-rur'ji-ah). Pneuraono- chirurgia. pneumochysis (nu-mokl-sis). Pneumonochysis. pneumococcal (nu-mo-kok'al). Relating to the pneumococcus. pneumococcemia, pneumococcsemia (nu-mo-kok-se'- ml-ah) [pnemococcus + G. haima, blood.] The presence of pneumococci in the blood. pneumococcus (nu-mo-kok'us). Diplococcus pneu- monias. Micrococcus lanceolatus. Streptococcus lanceolatus, the pathogenic microorganism of croupous pneumonia. Four principal types or strains of the p. are recognized, called respec- tively Type I, II, III, IV; Type III, called also P. mucosus, is distinguished quite sharply from the others Ijy morphological and cultural differ- ences; Type IV contains a number of independent strains differing more or less from each other; pneumococci of this type are the ones usually found in the mouth, they are responsible for about 20 per cent, of cases of pneumonia and are the least virulent; Type III gives the lowest incidence in disease of all the types, but is the most virulent; Types I and II are responsible for about 60 per cent, of all cases of pneumonia. Type I giving the greater number. pneumoconiosis (nu-mo-ko-ni-o'sis). Pneumono- coniosis. pneumoderma (nu-mo-der'mah) [G. pneuma, air, + derma, skin.] Subcutaneous emphysema. pneumodynamics (nu'mo-dj-nam'iks) [G. pneuma, breath, -t- dynamis, force.] Pneod3Tiamics. pneumoenteritis (nu"mo-en-ter-i'(e')tis). Pneumon- oenteritis. pneumoerysipelas (nu"mo-er-I-sip'e-las). Pneumon- oerysipelas. pneumogalactocele (nu-mo-gal-ak'to-sel) [G. pneu- m-a, air, + gala(galakt-), milk, + kele, tumor.] A tumor of the breast containing milk and gas. pneumogastric (nu-mo-gas'trik) [G. pneumdn, lung, + gaster, stomach.] Relating to the lungs and the stomach, noting the p. nerve, nervus vagus. pneumogram (nu'mo-gram). Pneumatogram. pneumograph (nu'mo-graf). Pneumatograph. pneumohemopericardium, pneumoheemopericardium (nu"mo-hem"o-per-l-kar'dJ-um) [G. pneuma, air, + haima, blood, 4- peri, around, + kardia, heart.] The presence of air or gas and blood in the pericardium. pneumohemothorax, pneumohaemothorax (nu"mo- hem-o-tho'raks) [G. pneuma, air, + haima, blood, + thorax.] The presence of air or gas and blood in the thoracic cavity. pneumohydrometra (nu"mo-hi"dro-me'trah) [G. pneuma, air, + hyddr(hydr-), water, + metra, uterus.] The presence of gas and serum in the uterine cavity. pneumohydropericardium (nu^mo-Wdro-per-I-kar'- dl-um) [G. pneuma, air, + hyddr(hydr-), water, + peri, around, + kardia, heart.] The presence of air and serum in the pericardium. pneumohydrotho'rax (nu-mo-hi-dro-tho'raks). Hy- dropneumo thorax. pneumohypodeima (nu"mo-hi-po-der'mah) [G. pneuma, air, H- hypo, beneath, + derma, skin.] Subcutaneous emphysema. pneumolith (nu'mo-lith) [G. pneumdn, lung, -t lithos, stone.] A calculus in the lung. pneumolysia, pneumolysis (nu-mo-liz'i-ah, nu-mol'- i-sis) [G. pneumon, lung, -|- lysis, a loosening.] Separation of the lung and costal pleura from the endothoracic fascia. pneumomalacia (nu-mo-mSl-a'sI-ah) [G. pneumon, lung, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the lung tissue. pneumomassage (nu"mo-ma-sazh') [G. pneuma, air, -I- Fr. massage.] Compression and rarefac- tion of the air in the external auditory meatus, causing movement of the ossicles of the tympa- num. pneumomelanosis (nu"mo-mel-an-o'sis). Pneumon- omelanosis. pneumometer (nu-mom'e-ter). Pneumatometer. pneumomycosis (nu-mo-my-ko'sis). Pneumono- mycosis. pneumonectasia (nu-mon-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. pneumdn, lung, + ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the pulmonary air-cells, emphysema. pneumonectomy (nu-mon-ek'to-mi) [G. pneumon, lung, -I- ektome, excision.] Operative removal of a portion of lung tissue. pneumonedema, pneumonoedema (nu-mon-e-de'- mah) [G. pneumdn, limg, + oidema, a swelling.] Edema of the lungs. pneumonemia, pneumonsemia (nu-mon-e'ml-ah) [G. pneumdn, lung, + haima, blood.] Congestion of the lungs. pneumonia (nu-mo'nJ-ah) [G. pneumdn, lung.] i. Inflammation of the lungs, pneumonitis. 2. Spe- cifically an acute infectious disease, croupous p. an'thrax p., pulmonary anthrax.* a'pex p., croupous p. affecting the apices, or upper portions, of the lungs, aspira'tion p., bronchopneumonia resulting from the entrance of a foreign body, usually food particles, into the bronchi, bron'- chial p., bronchopneumonia, ca'seous p., a form of pulmonary tuberculosis in which tuber- cles are absent, but there is a diffuse celMar PNEUMONIA 79* PNEUMOPARESIS infiltration which undergoes coagulation necro- sis resulting in a more or less extensive area of caseation, catar'rhal p., bronchopneumonia. cen'tral p., a form of croupous p. in which the exudation is for a time confined to the central portion of a lobe or near the root of the lung. cer'ebral p., p. accompanied by marked headache, delirium, and other cerebral symptoms, cheesy p., caseous p. chronic p., fibrous phthisis, con- tu'sion p., inflammation of the lungs following a severe blow on or compression of the chest, core p., central p. crou'pous p., lobar p., an acute infectious disease, caused by the pneumococcus. Micrococcus lanceolatus, marked by fever, pleuri- tic pains, cough, and rusty or blood-stained sputa; it normally lasts about nine days and ends in crisis with profuse sweating; there is an abundant fibrinous exudation into the pulmonary alveoli, resulting in consolidation of the greater part or all of one or more lobes of the lungs, whence the term lobar p. degluti'tion p., aspira- tion p. desquam'ative p., parenchymatous p. double p., croupous p. in which a larger or smaller portion of each lung is involved, emboric p., congestion and infarction of the lung following the plugging of one or more of the smaller pul- monary arteries with emboli, ether p., broncho- pneumonia following prolonged ether anesthesia, inhalation p. fi'brinous p., croupous p. fibrous p., interstitial p. hypostat'ic p., pulmonary conges- tion due to stagnation of blood in the dependent portions of the lungs in the aged or those debil- itated by disease who lie in the same position for long periods, in'durative p., interstitial or paren- chymatous p. inhala'tion p., (i) aspiration p. ; (2) bronchopneumonia following prolonged ether anesthesia or the inhalation of irritating vapors. intersti'tial p., a chronic inflammation of the in- terstitial tissue of the lung resulting in compres- sion of the air-cells, pneumonocirrhosis. lo'bar p., croupous p. lob'ular p., bronchopneumonia. mas'slve p., a form in which a large part or all of one lung is invaded, the exudation filling the bronchi as well, metastat'ic p., a purulent inflammation of the lungs due to pyemic em- boli, mi'gratory p., a form in which successive areas of the lung are invaded parenchy'ma- tous p., indurative p., chronic fibrinous, or croupous p. with induration of the exudate and proliferation of the interstitial tissue, plague p., pneumonic plague.* pleural p., pleurit'ic p., pleuropneumonia, p. al'ba, white p. p. CTupo'sa, croupous p. sec'ondary p., pulmo- nary inflammation, usually of bronchopneumonio type, occurring as a complication of some infec- tious disease and due to the microorganism of that affection, ter'minal p., p. of the lobar type occurring in the course of some acute or chronic disease and materially hastening the fatal ter- mination, toxe'mic p., pneumococcus sepsis, a systemic infection with the pneumococcus in which the pulmonary lesions are slight or absent. traumat'ic p., inflammation of the lung follow- ing contusion of the chest or a wound of the lung itself, ty'phoid p., p. complicating typhoid fever, or accompanied with stupor and other evidences of profound depression, vagus p., p. following injury or disease of the vagus nerve. wan'dering p., migratory p. white p., syphilitic inflammation with fatty degeneration of the lungs in the new-born. pneumonic (nu-mon'ik). i. Relating to pneu- monia. 2. Pulmonary. pneumonitis (nu-mo-ni'(ne')tis) [G. pneumon, lung, + -itis.] Inflammation of the lungs; strepto- coccus pneumonia, as distinguished from pneu- mococcus pneumonia. pneumonocele (nu-mon'o-sel). Protrusion of a portion of the lung through a defect in the wall of the chest. pneumonocentesis (nu-mon"o-sen-te'sis) [G. pneu- mon, litng, + keniesis, puncture.] Puncture of the Itmg in order to empty a pus-filled cavity. pneumonochirurgia (nu-mon"o-ki-rur'jI-ah) [G. pneumon, lung, -f cheirourgia, surgery.] Surgery of the lungs. pneumonocirrhosis (nu-mon-o-sl-ro'sis) [G. pneu- mon, lung, -I- kirrhos, tawny.] Cirrhosis of the lung, interstitial pneumonia.* pneumonoconio'sis [G. pneumon, lung, + konis, dust.] A fibrous induration of the lungs due to the irritation caused by the inhalation of dust incident to various occupations, such as coal- mining, knife-grinding, stone-cutting, etc. pneumonoenteritis (nu-nion"o-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. pneumon, lung, + enieron, intestine, -f- -itis.} Pneumonia complicating or complicated by enteritis. pneumonoeiysipelas (nu-mon"o-er-I-sip'e-las) [G. pneumon,' lung, + erysipelas.] Pneumonia complicating or complicated by erysipelas. pneumonomelanosis (nu-mon"o-mel-an-o'sis) [G. pneumon, lung, -t- melanosis, a becoming black.] Anthracosis ; a blackening of the lung tissue from the inhalation of coal dust or other black particles. pneumonometer (nu-mon-om'e-ter). Pneumatom- eter, pneometer.* pneumonomycosis (nu-mon-o-mi-ko'sis). Any dis- ease of the lungs due to the presence of fungi or bacteria. pneumonopaludism (nu"mon-o-pal'u-dizm). Con- solidation of the apices of the lungs occurring in chronic malaria; Bruns's disease. pneumonoparesis (nu-mon-o-par'e-sis) [G. pneumon, limg, -I- paresis, weakness.] A loss of resiliency of the pulmonary tissues resulting in a passive exudation into the air-cells. pneumonopathy (nu-mon-op'S-thl) [G. pneumon, lung, + pathos, sufiering.] Any disease of the lungs. pneumonopexy (nu-mon'o-peks-I) [G. pneumon, lung, + pexis, fixation.] Fixation of the Itmg by suturing the costal and pulmonary pleurse or otherwise causing adhesion of the two layers. pneumonophthisis (nu-mon-of-thi'(the')sis, nu-mon- o-ti'(te')sis). Pulmonary phthisis. pneumonopleuiitls (nu-mon''o-plu-ri'(re')tis) [G. pneumon, lung, -I- pleura, side, -f -itis.] Iflnamma- tion of both lungs and pleura ; pleuropneumonia. pneumonorrhagia (nu-mon-fi-ra'jl-ah) [G. pneumon, lung, -1- rhegnymi, I burst forth.] i. Hemor- rhage from the lungs, hemoptysis. 2. Hemor- rhage into the lung, pulmonary apoplexy. pneumonorrhaphy (nu-mon-or'4-fl) [G. pneumon, Itmg, + rkaphS, suture.] Suture of a wotmd of the lung. pneumonosis (nu-mon-o'sis). Pneumonopathy. pneumonotherapy (nu-mon-o-ther'S-pI) [G. pneu- mon, lung, -I- therapeia, treatment.] The treat- ment of pulmonary diseases. pneuraonotomy (nu-mon-ot'o-ml) [G. pneumon, lung, -I- tomS, incision.] Incision of the lung for the evacuation of an abscess or for any other purpose. pneumopaludism (nu"mo-pal'u-dizm). Pneumono- paludism. pneumoparesis (nu-mo-par'e-sis). Pneumonoparesis. PNEUMOPERICARDIUM 795 PODOTROCHILITIS pneumopericar'dium [G. pneuma, air.] The pres- ence of gas in the pericardial sac. pneumoperitoneum (nu"mo-per-i-ton-e'tmi) [G. pneuma, air.] The presence of gas in the perito- neal cavity outside of the intestine. pneumoperitonitis (nu"mo-per-i-ton-i'(e')tis) [G. pneuma, air, + peritonaion, peritoneum, + -itis."] Inflammation of the peritoneum with an accumu- lation of gas in the peritoneal cavity. pneumopexy (nu'mo-peks-1). Pneumonopexy. pneumopleuritis (nu"mo-plu-ri'(re')tis) i. [G. pneuma, air.] Pleurisy with air or gas in the pleiu-al cavity, .e. [G. pneumon, lung.] Pneu- monopleuritis . pneumopyopericardium (nu-mo-pi"o-per-i-kar'dlum) [G. pneuma, air, + pyon, pus.] The presence of gas and pus in the pericardial cavity. pneumopyothorax (nu-mo-pi-o-tho'raks). Pyopneu- mothorax. pneumorrhachis (nu-mor'3,-kis) [G. pneuma, air, + rhachis, spinal column.] The presence of gas in the spinal canal. pneumorrhagia (nu-m6-ra'ji-ah). Pneumonor- rhagia. pneumosan (nu'mo-san) [G. pneum.dn, lung, + L. sanare, to heal.] A fluid containing thiotri- methylamine and chlorides, used hypodermically in pulmonary tuberculosis. pneumosepticemia (nu-mo-sep-ti-se'mi-ah) [G. pneumon, lung, -|- septicem,ia.\ A fulminating, usually fatal, form of influenzal pneumonia. pneumoserothorax (uu"mo-se"ro-tho'raks) [G. pneuma, air, -1- L. serum. 4- G. thoraxl] Pneu- mohydro thorax. pneumotherapy (nu-mo-ther'S-pl). i. Pneumato- therapy. 2. Pneumonotherapy. pneumothermomassage (nu-mo-ther"mo-m3.-sazh') [G. pneuma, air, + therme, heat, + Fr. massage.] The application to the body of hot air under varying degrees of pressure. pneumothorax (nu-mo-tho'raks) [G. pneuma, air.] The presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity. val'vular p., p. due to a wound in the pulmonary pleura which allows of the passage of air from the lung into the pleural cavity but closes under pressure and does not permit of the return of air \nto the Ivmg. pneumotomy (nu-mot'o-ml). Pneumonotomy. pneumotox'in (nu-mo-tok'sin). A toxin produced by the pneiunococcus which gives rise to the symptoms of systemic infection in pneumonia. pneumotyphoid (nu-mo-ti'foyd). i. Typhoid fever in which the initial symptoms are those of pneumonia. 2. Typhoid pneumonia. pneumotyphus (nu-mo-ti'fus). Pneumotyphoid. pnigophobia (ni-go-fo'bi-ah) [G. pnigos, choking. + phobos, fear.] A morbid apprehension of choking. pock [A.S. poc, a pustule.] The specific pustular cutaneous lesion of smallpox. pock'et [Fr. pochette.] j.. A cul-de-sac or pouch-like cavity. 2. An abnormal space between the gum and the root of a tooth. 3. A collection of pus in a nearly closed sac. 4. To enclose the stump of the pedicle of an ovarian or other ab- dominal tumor between the lips of the external wound. pock'mark. The small depressed scar left after the healing of the smallpox pustule. pock'marked. Bearing on the skin of the face many scars of healed smallpox pustules. poculum Diogenis (poW-lum di-oj'en-is) [L pocu- lum, cup, Diogenes, a, Greek cynic philosopher, 412-323 B.C.] The palm of the hand when con- tracted and deepened by the action of the muscles on either side. podag'ra [G. pous{,pod-) , foot, + agra, seizure. Gout, especially typical gout in the great toe. pod'agral, podag'ric, pod'agrous. Gouty ; relating to or suffering from gout. podal'gia [G. pous{pod-), foot, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the foot, tarsalgia, pododynia. podal'ic [G. pous{pod-), foot.] Relating to the foot. p. vetsion, turning the fetus during childbirth so as to bring it down with the feet presenting. podarthritis (pod-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + arthron, joint, + -His.] Inflammation of any of the tarsal or metatarsal joints. podelco'ma, podhelco'ma [G. pous(pod-), foot, + helkoma, ulcer.] Mycetoma. podenceph'alus [G. pous{pod-), foot, + enkephalos, brain.] A monster with brain for the most part outside the cranium, attached only by a pedicle. podiater (po-di-a'tur) . Podiatrist. podiatrist (po-di-at'rist) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + iatros, physician.] Podiator, chiropodist; one who practises podiatry or the medical care of foot ills. podiatry (po-di-at're) [G. pous{pod-), foot, -|- iatreia, medical treatment.] Chiropody, pathol- ogy and treatment of disorders of the feet. podobromidrosis (pod"o-bro-ml-dro'sis) [G. pous- (pod-), foot, + bromos, a foul smell, + hidros, sweat.] Strong smelling perspiration of the feet. pododerm (pod'o-durm) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + derma, skin.] The. portion of the skin in Ungu- lata which lies beneath the hoof and secretes the homy structure. pod"odynaniom'eter [G. pous{pod-), foot, + dyna- mis, force, H- m-etron, measure.] An instru- ment for measuring the strength of the muscles of the foot or leg. pododynia (pod-o-din'l-ah) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + odyne, pain.] Podalgia, tarsalgia, pain in the foot. podogram (pod'o-gram) [G. pous{pod-), foot, + gramma, a drawing.] An imprint of the sole of the foot, showing the contour and the condition of the arch, or an outline tracing. podograph (pod'o-graf) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + grapho, I draw.] A device for taking an outline of the foot and an imprint of the sole. podology (pO-dol'o-jI) [G. pous(pod-), foot, + -logia.] The branch of medical science which has to do with the feet in all their relations. podom'eter [G. pous(pod-), foot, -I- metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the dis- tance covered in walking. podophyllin (pod-6-fil'in). Resina podophylli. pod"ophyUotox'in. A poisonous substance, C2,- Hj,0„ derived from podophyllin; a white, very bitter resin, cathartic in doses of gr. -bVitV (0.001-0.002). podophyllous tissue (pod-o-fil'us tis'su) [G. pous (pad-), foot, + phyllon, leaf.] The sensitive tissue on the inner wall of the hoof of an animal. podophyl'lum [G. pous(pod-), foot, + phyllon, leaf, from the fancied resemblance of the leaves to a duck's foot.] May-apple, vegetable calomel, the rhizome of Podophyllum peltatum, American mandrake, umbrella plant, duck's-foot ; employed as a laxative in doses of gr. 5-8 (o . 3-0.5). podo- phyl'li in'dici rhizo'ma (B.A.), the dried rhizome of Podophyllum emodi, Indian podophyllum, a Himalayan plant; cholagogue and cathartic in doses of gr. J-i (o . 015-0.06) of the resin, podo- phyl'li resi'na (Br.), resina* podophylli (U.S.). podotrochilitis (pod-o-trok-il-i'(e')tis) [G. pous{pod-), foot, -I- trochilea, pulley, + -itis.] Inflamma- PODOTROCHILITIS 796 POISSON-PEARSON FORMULA tion of the navicular bone in the horse, navicul- arthritis. poecilocyte. For this and other words beginning with pas-, see pecilocyie, etc. Poehl's test (pel) [Alexander Vasilyevich von Poehl, Russian physiological chemist, *i8so.] For cholera bacilli : the addition of sulphuric acid to a culture of cholera bacilli produces a pinkish color changing to purple; cholera-red reaction. pogoniasis (po-go-ni'a-sis) [G. pogonias, bearded.] Growth of a beard on a woman, or excessive hairi- ness of the face in men. pogo'nion [G. pogon, beard.] The mental point in craniometry, the most anterior point on the symphysis menti. poi'kiloblast. Peciloblast. poiWlocyte (poy'kilK)-sit) [G. poiHlos, manifold, -I- kytos, cell.] An irregular, usually pear-shaped, red blood-corpuscle, pecilocyte. poikilocythe'mia, poikilocythsB'mia. Poikilocytosis, pecilocytosis.* poikilocyto'sls. The occurrence of red blood-cor- puscles of irregular shape, pecilocytosis. poikilon'ymy. Pecilonymy. poikilothermal, poikilothennic (poy-kil-o-thur'mal, poy-Hl-o-thur'mik). Pecilothermal, pecilother- mic. poikilother'mism. Pecilothermism. point [Fr. : L. puncium.l ±. A spot or small area. 2. A sharp end or apex. 3. A slight projection. 4. A limit, as the boiling point. 5. To make ready to open, said of an abscess the wall of which is becoming thin and is about to break. See also puncium. apoph'ysary p., apophys'eal p., (t) subnasal p. ; (2) Trousseau's* p. alve'olar p., the mid-point of the anterior border of the upper alveolar margin, auric'ular p., the mid- point of the opening of the external auditory meatus, car'dinal p., (i) one of the four points in the pelvic inlet toward one of which the occi- put of the child is usually directed in case of head presentation, viz., the two sacroiliac articu- lations and the two iliopectineal eminences corresponding to the acetabula; (2) one of six points in the eye, viz., the anterior focal p. where rays starting parallel from the retina are focussed ; the posterior focal p., the point on the retina where parallel rays entering the eye are focussed ; the two principal points in the anterior cham- ber where the axis is cut by the two principal planes, and the two nodal points near the posterior surface of the lens, craniomet'ric p., one of the fixed points on the skull employed as landmarks in craniometry; these are: acan- thion, alveolar p. or prosthion, antinion, aster- ion, auricular p., basion, bregma, coronion, daoryon, entoraion, glabella, gnathion or pogo- nion or mental point, gonion, hormion, inion, jugale or jugal point, lambda, malar point, maximum occipital point or occipital point, mental point or gnathion or pogonion , metopion or metopio point, nasion or nasal point, obelion, occipital point or maximum occipital point, ophryon or supranasal or supraorbicular point, opisthion, pogonion or gnathion or mental point, prosthion or alveolar point, pterion, rhinion, spinal point or subnasal point, stepha- nion, subnasal point or spinal point, supra- auricular point, supranasal point or supra- orbital point or ophryon, supraorbital point or ophryon or supranasal point, symphysion, vertex; for descriptions of these points see the respective titles and for illustrations see plate facing skull, far p., punctum remotum, the farthest point of distinct vision, gle'noid p., the center of the glenoid cavity of the maxilla. jugal p., the tip of the angle formed by the masseteric and maxillary borders of the malar bone, malar p., apex of the tuberosity of the malar bone, max'imum occip'ital p., the point on the squama of the occipital bone farthest from the glabella, mental p., pogonion, gna- thion, the most forward point of the symphysis menti. metop'ic p., metopion. motor p., a point on the skin where the application of an electrode will cause the contraction of a special muscle. nasal p., nasion. near p., punctum proximum. the nearest point of distinct vision. nodal p., one of two points in a compound optical system, so related that a ray directed toward the first before entering the system, will leave the system in a direction as if it had passed through the second point parallel to its original direction. occip'ital p., the most prominent posterior point on the occipital bone above the inion. painful p., one of several points along the course of a nerve, pressure upon which is painful in cases of neuralgia; see under Valleix. pressure p., the seat of the pressure sense, one of the points in the skin where the nerve-terminal organs are located, prin'cipal p., one of two points in an optical system where the axis is cut by the two principal planes; lines drawn from these to corresponding points on the object and the image will be parallel, spi'nal p., subnasal p. subna'sal p., the center of the root of the anter- ior nasal spine, supra-auric'ular p., a cranio- metric point directly above the auricular p. at the root of the zygoma. Syl'vian p., the nearest point on the skull to the Sylvian fissure, about 30 mm. behind the external angular process. pointillage (pwan-te-yazh') [Fr. dotting, stippling.] A massage manipulation with the tips of the fingers. point'ing. Preparing to open spontaneously, said of an abscess or a. boil, past p., see past- poiniing. Poirier's line (pwS-re-a') [Paul Poirier, Parisian surgeon, 1853-1907.] A line extending from the bottom of the nasofrontal angle to a point a little above the lambda. Poiseuille's space (pwah-ze'e) [Jean Marie Poiseuille, Parisian physiologist, 1 797-1 869.] Still-layer, the periphery of the blood-stream in the capillaries where the white corpuscles roll along slowly, the red corpuscles moving more rapidly in the center. poison (poy'zn) [Fr. from L. potto, potion, draught.] Any substance which, when taken into the body, is injurious to health or dangerous to life, fatigue' p., a toxic substance formed in muscular tissue after severe exercise, micro'bial p., toxin. pois'on-ber'ry. Dulcamara. poison-el'der. Rhus vernix. poi'soning. i. The administering of poison. 2 Mixing poison with. 3. The state of being poisoned, blood p., septicemia, pyemia, food p., botulism, mytilotoxism, ptomainotoxism, bromatotoxism, sitotoxism, tyrotoxism. self- p., autointoxication, autotoxemia. poison-i'vy. Rhus toxicodendron. poi'son-nut. Nux vomica. poison-oak'. Rhus toxicodendron. poison-sumach (poy"zn-shu'mak). Rhus vernix. Poisson-Pearson f or'mula (pwah-son' per'son) . A formula to determine the statistical error in cal- culating the endemic index of malaria: let N = total number of children under 15 years in a locality; n = total number examined for the POISSON-PEARSON FORMULA 797 POLIOENCEPHALITIS spleen-rate; x = number found with enlarged spleen; -loo = spleen-rate; e% - percentage of error; then the percen tage erro r will be, by this formula: e% = g-°° -y H" " «) . L "-' n \ n \ 2V-I poitrinaire (pwi-tre-nair') [Fr, poitrine, cheat.] One suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis or other chronic disease of the lungs. poke. Phytolacca. poke'berry. Phytolaccae fructus. po'ker-back. Spondylosis rhizomelica. poke'root. Phytolacca radix. Poland Spring, Maine. Light alkaline-calcic waters with ferruginous properties. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, and disorders of the liver and kidneys. po'lar [L. polus, a. pole.] i. Relating to a pole. 2. Having poles, said of certain nerve cells having one or more processes. polarim'eter [L. polaris, polar, -I- G. metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the angle of rotation in polarization or the amount of polar- ized light. polarim'etiy. Measurement of the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization. polariscope (po-larl-skSp) [L. polaris, polar, + skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for study- ing the phenomena of the polarization of light. polariscop'ic. Relating to the polariscope or to polariscopy. polaristrobometer (po-lar"!(-stro-bom'e-tur) . [L. polaris, polar, -|- G. strobos, a whirling, -H metron, a measure.] A form of polarimeter used in examining sugars. polar'ity. The property of having two opposite poles, as that possessed by a magnet. polarization (po"lar-i-za'shim) . i. In electricity, the coating of the copper plate of an electric cell with a thick layer of hydrogen bubbles, with the result that the action of the battery is w^eakened or arrested. 2. A change effected in a ray of light passing through certain media, whereby the transverse vibrations occur in one plane only, instead of in all planes as in the ordinary light ray. po'larize. To put into a state of polarization, referring either to light rays or to an electric battery. po'larizer. The part of a polariscope which polar- izes the light, as distinguished from the analyzer. pole [L. polus; G. polos.'\ 1. One of the two points at the extremity of the axis of any body. 2. One of the two points on a sphere at the greatest dis- tance from the equator. 3. One of the two points in a magnet or an electric battery or cell having the extremes of opposite properties, as of attrac- tion or repulsion, an'imal p., the point in a telo- lecithal egg opposite the yolk, where the proto- plasm is found in the neighborhood of the ger- minal vesicle, cephal'ic p., the head-end of the fetus, fron'tal p., polus frontalis, ger'minal p., the part of an ovum where the nucleus lies. neg'ative p., cathode, the chemically active pole of an electric battery, the one connected with the electropositive element, occip'ital p., polus occipitalis, pelvic p., the breech-end of a fetus. pos'itive p., anode, the chemically inactive pole of an electric battery, the one connected with the electronegative element, tem'poral p., polus ■ temporalis, veg'etative p., the part of a telolec- ithal egg where the yolk is situated. pole-cell. Polar body, directive corpuscle ; a minute particle thrown off by cellular division from the maturing oocyte, an abortive ovum. pole-cor'puscle. Centrosome. poleozone (po-le-o'zon). Trade name of an anti- septic obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on potassium chlorate. policemen's disease' (po-les'men). Tarsalgia. policlin'ic [G. foZis, city, + klingyhed.] i. A public or city dispensary. 2. Polyclinic. pol'icy [Fr. police, a bill, ticket.] The contract made by an insurance company with the insured to pay a definite amount of mmey in the case of a certain event — accident, sickness, death, or maturation of the policy — on condition that the in- sured pays to the company an agreed sum yearly or at other stated periods, cash value, or cash surren'der value oif a p., the amoiint which the company will pay the insured for the cancellation of his contract, usually a large fraction of the reserve pertaining to that policy, endow'ment p., a life p. payable to the insured at the expira- tion of a specified period, or to the beneficiary in the event of his prior death, incontes'table p., one payable on death after a specified time, no matter whether the insured observes the con- ditions of travel, hazardous occupation, etc., or not. limited-pay'ment life p., a p. payable at death but which is fully paid for in a limited number of premiiuns; it is more exactly desig- nated, according to the number of premiums to be paid, as a ien-payment p., iweniy'paymeni p., etc. net value of Jpp., the amount of reserve pertaining to a policy, being the difference between the amount due on maturation of the policy and the present value of the net premiums, still to be paid ; the legal net value, is the net value computed according to a rate of interest assumed and a mortality table prescribed by law. non-for'- feitable p., one in which the company contracts to pay a definite amount on surrender or lapse after a stated number of premiums have been paid, or'dinaiy life p., the simplest form of a life insurance policy, in which the premium is paid every year until the death of the insured, at which time the amount of the policy is payable to the beneficiary or to the estate of the insured. partic'ipating p., one which shares in the profits of the company, in accordance with the previous agreement, its face value being thereby increased without any increase in the amount of the premium, pure endow'ment p., one payable at the end of a specified period, but only in case the insured is living; in the event of his prior death his estate receives nothing, renew'able term p., a term p. which may be renewed at its expiration for another like period, without physical examina- tion of the insured, but at a higher rate; see natural premium* term p., a life p. payable only if death occurs before the end of a specified period; designated more exactly as a one-year term p., a tetfyear term p., etc. ; see also renewable term p. whole life p., one which is payable only at death, it may be an ordinary life p. or a lim- ited-payment life p. poliencephalitis (pol'^-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis). Polioen- cephalitis. polioencephalitis (pol"I-o-en-sef-al-i'(e')tis) [G. pol- ios, gray, + enkephalos, brain, -t- -itis.'] Inflam- mation of the gray matter of the brain, either of the cortex or of the central nuclei, acute enceph- alitis, acute hemorrhagic cortical encephalitis; an acute infectious disease marked at the onset by fever, headache, convulsions, or stupor, followed POLIOENCEPHALITIS 798 POLYADELPHOUS by ocular palsies, symptoms resembling those of bulbar paralysis, aphasia, or idiocy, infe'rior p., bulbar paralysis, p. infecti'va, encephalitis lethargica. supe'rior p., ophthalmoplegia. polioencephalomeningomyelitis (pol"J-o-en-sef"al-o- men-ing"go-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. polios, gray, + enkephalos, brain, + meninx, membrane, + myelon, marrow, + -itis.'] Inflammation of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and of the meningeal covering of the parts. porioencephalop'athy [G. polios, gray, + enkephalos, brain, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the gray matter of .the brain. poliomyelencephalitis (pol"I-o-mi"el-en-sef-al-i'(e')- tis) [G. polios, gray, + myelon, marrow, + enkephalos, brain, + -Uis,'\ Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain. poliomyelitis (por^-o-mi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. polios, gray, + myelos, marrow, + -itis.] Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, acute' ante'rior p., inflammation of the anterior comua of the spinal cord, acute atrophic paralysis, infantile spinal paralysis, essential paralysis of children; an acute infectious disease marked by fever, pains, and gastroenteric disturbances followed by a flaccid paralysis of one or more muscular groups, and later by atrophy, chron'ic ante'rior p., remitting spinal atrophy, muscular atrophy of the upper extremities and neck, in which there are long intermissions of quiescence or improvement. poUomyeloencephalitis (po-H-o-m^'el-o-en-sef-al-i'- (e')tis) [G. polios, gray, + myelon, marrow, -f enkephalos, brain, + -itis.] Infantile cerebro- spinal paralysis, Heine-Medin disease, inflamma- tion of the gray matter of both brain and spinal cord. poUomyelopathy (pol"i-o-mi-el-op'a-thI) [G. polios, gray, -I- myelon, marrow, -I- pathos, suffering.} Any disease of the gray matter of the spinal cord. poUoneuromere (pol"i(-o-nu'ro-mer) [G. polios, gray, + neuron, nerve, -f- meros, part] One of the primitive segments of the gray matter of the spinal cord. pol'ioplasm [G. polios, gray, -t- plasma, anything formed, plasm,] Granular protoplasm. polio'sis [G. polios, gray.] Canities, a turning gray of the hair. Pol'itzer bag [Adam Politzer, Austrian otologist, *i835.] A pear-shaped rubber bag used for forcing air through the Eustachian tube by the P. method. P.'s lu'mlnous cone, a triangular area in the lower segment of the drum membrane which appears brighter than the rest of the membrane. P. meth'od, inflation of the Eustach- ian tube and tympanum by forcing air into the nasal cavity at the instant the patient swallows. P. spec'ulum, see under ear speculum* P.'s test, in cases of unilateral deafness, a tuning-fork held in front of the nares is heard only in the sound ear during deglutition. politzerization (pol"it-zur-i-za'shuii). Inflation of the Eustachian tube and middle ear by the Pol- itzer* method, neg'ative p., withdrawal of secre- tions from a cavity by suction, effected by attach- ing a compressed Politzer bag or rubber bulb to a tube inserted in the cavity. poll (pel). The head, especially the back part of the head. p. e'vil, suppurative inflammation on the head of a horse behind the ears. poUakiu'ria [G. pollakis, often, H- ouron, urine.] Abnormally frequent micturition. poUan'tin [pollen + G. anii, against.] Dunbar's serum, hay-fever antitoxin ; a serum claimed to be antitoxic in hay-fever, obtained by injecting horses with a solution derived from the pollen of ragweed or goldenrod; employed by instillation into the conjunctival sac or nares. It occurs also in powder form used by insufflation in the nostrils. poll'en [L. fine flour.] The male fertilizing element of a flower, the microspores of a phanerogam. poll-evil (pol'e-vil). A swelling or abscess on the top of a horse's head, caused by a blow. pol'lez, gen. pol'licis [L.] The thumb or first finger. p. ezten'sus, a deformity marked by backward deviation of the thumb, p. flexus, a permanent flexion of the thumb, p, pedis, the great toe, or hallux, p. superexten'sus, p. extensus. p. valgus, permanent deviation of the thumb to the ulnar side. p. varus, permanent deviation of the thumb to the radial side. pollina'tion. In botany, the dusting of the stigma or surface of the ovule with pollen. pollin'iuni, A coherent mass of pollen grains. pollino'dium [L. pollen + G. eidos, resemblance.] In botany, the male sexual organ of Ascomycetes which conjugates directly or by means of an out- growth with the oogonium, or female sexual organ. pollino'sis. Hay fever, assumed to be excited by the pollen of ragweed. pollution (p6-lu'shun) [L. polluere, to defile.] i-. Defilement. 2. The discharge of semen, either voluntary or involuntary, other than during coitus, self-p., masturbation. polocyte (po'lo-s!t) [G polos, pole, -f kytos, cell.] One of the polar bodies formed in the maturation of the ovum. polo'nium [L. Polonia, Poland, the native country of Mme. Curie who with her husband discovered the substance.] A radioactive substance or ele' ment, isolated from pitchblende; it is one of the disintegration products of radium emanation; called also radiotellurium. poltoph'agy [G. poltos, porridge, -t- phago, I eat.] Thorough mastication whereby the food is reduced to a pultaceous mass before being swal- lowed, Pletcherism; opposed to psomophagy. po'lus [L. pole.] A pole. p. fronta'lis, frontal pole, the most projecting part of the anterior extremity of each cerebral hemisphere. p. occipita'lis, occipital pole, the most projecting part of the posterior extremity of each cerebral hemisphere, the apex of the pyramidal occipital lobe. p. tempora'Iis, temporal pole, the most prominent part of the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, a short distance below the fissure of Sylvius. poly- [G. polys, much, many,] A prefix, in words formed from Greek roots, conveying the notion of multiplicity ; corresponding to the Latin prefix multi-. poly (pol'J). Abbreviation for polymorphonu- clear leucocytes. P61ya's opera'tion (pol'yah) [P6lya, Hungarian surgeon.] Gastrojejunostomy following pylor- ectomy; the union is effected through a hole made in the transverse mesocolon, the edges of which are stitched to the stomach after the junction has been passed below the mesocolon. polyacoustic (pol-I-a-koos'tik) [G. polys, much, , + akoustikos, relating to hearing.] Magnifying sound, megalophonic. polyadelphous (pol"I S-del'fus) [G. polys, many, -f adelphos, brother,] In botany, noting the sta- mens of a fiower which are united by their fila- ments into several bundles. POLYADENIA 799 PQLYERGIC polyadenia (pol-l-a-de'ni-ah) [G. polys, many, + aden, gland.] Pseudoleucemia. polyadenitis (pol'I-a-de-ni'(ne')tis) Inflammation of many glands, especially of the cervical lymph glands, p. malig'na, bubonic plague.* polyadeno'ma. Multiple adenomata. polyad'enous [G. polys, many, + aden, gland.] Relating to or involving many glands. polyse'mia. Polyemia. polyaesthe'sia. Polyesthesia. polyarteritis (pol-i[-ar-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. polys, many, + arteria, artery, + -it-is.] Simultaneous inflam- mation of a number of arteries, p. nodo'sa, an affection characterized by the formation of nodules upon the medium-sized and smaller arterial twigs. polyartluic (poU-ar'thrik) [G. polys, many, + arthron, joint.] Relating to or involving many joints, multiarticular. polyarthritis (pol"i-ar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. polys, many, + arthron, joint, + -itisl\ Simultaneous inflammation of several joints, p. chronica Tillo'sa, a. chronic inflammation confined to the synovial membrane, involving a number of joints ; it occurs in women at the menopause and in children, and has been thought to be due to specific infection with the dumb-bell bacillus. tuber'culous p., pulmonary osteoarthropathy. ver'tebral p., inflammation of a number of the intervertebral discs without involvement of the vertebral bodies. polyarticular (pol-I-ar-tik'u-Iar) [G. polys, many, -H L. articulus, joint.] Polyarthric, multiarticular. polyatomic (pol-I-3,-tom'ik) [G. polys, many, 4- aiomos, atom.] Noting a chemical compound having a valency greater than two, or containing more than two replaceable hydrogen atoms. polyax'on, polyax'one [G. polys, many, + axon, axis.] A nerve-cell of the third type, one having several neuraxons. polyaxon'ic. Relating to or noting a polyaxon. polyba'sic [G. polys, many, + basis, base.] Having more than one replaceable hydrogen atom, noting an acid with a basicity greater than i. pol'yblast [G. polys, many, + blastos, germ.] One of a group of ameboid, uninucleated, wandering, phagocytic cells found in inflammatory exudates, derived from primitive wandering cells, clasmat- ocytes, and lymphocytes. polycar'dia [G. polys, many, -1- kardia, heart.] Tachycardia. polycar'pous [G. polys, many, 4- karpos, fruit.] Apocarpous. polycen'tric [G. polys, many, + kentron, center.] Multinuclear, having several centers. ■ polycholia (pol-I-ko'U-ah) [G. polys, much, -I- chole, bile.] The excretion of an excess of bile. polychrest (pol'i-krest) [G. polychrestos, very use- ful.] In homeopathy, a drug of extensive range of applicability one of frequent employment. polychromasia (poll-kro-ma'zi-ah) [G. polys, many, + chroma, color.] Polychromatophilia. polychro'mate [G. poly s,_ many, + chroma, color.] One who is able to distinguish many colors. abnor'mal p., one who distinguishes most colors, but fails to perceive one or two, or confuses two colors. polychromatia (pol-I-kro-ma'shyah). Polychromat- ophilia,* polychromasia. polychromat'ic. Multicolored, having several colors . polychromatophil, polychromatophile (pol-i-kro'- mat-o-fil; pol-I-kro'mat-o-ffl) [G. polys, many, + chroma, color, -f- phileo, I love.] i. Staining readily with acid, neutral, and basic dyes, noting certain cells, particularly certain red blood-cells. 2. A young or degenerating erythrocyte showing acid and basic staining affinities. polychromatophilia (pol-I-kro-mat-o-fiil'I-ah) [G. polys, many, + chroma, color, + philia, affection.] I. A tendency of certain cells, such as the red blood-cells in pernicious anemia, to stain with both basic and acid dyes. 2. Condition in which many red blood-cells, taking acid, basic, and neutral stains, are present. polychromatophil'ic. Polychromatophil (i). polychromatosis (pol-I-kro-mi-to'-sis). Polychro- matophilia (2). polychromemia, polychromsemia (pol-I-kro-me'ml- ah). An increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. polychromia (pol-I-kro'ml-ah). Increased pigmen- tation in any part. polychromophil (pol-I-kro'mo-fil). Polychromato- phil. polychromophilia (poU-kro-mo-fin-ah). Polychro- matophilia. polyclin'ic [G. polys, many, -I- kline, bed.] A dis- pensary for the treatment of diseases of all kinds and for their study; policlinic. polyclon'ia [G. polys, many, + klonos, spasm.] Paramyoclonus, myoclonia, myoclonus multiplex. polyco'ria [G. polys, many, + kore, pupil.] The presence of two or more pupils in one eye. polycrot'ic. Relating to or marked by polycrotism. polyc'rotism [G. polys, many, -t- krotos, a beat.] A condition in which the sphygmographic tracing shows several upward breaks in the descending wave. polycyesia (pol"I-si-e'sI-ah) [G. polys, many, + kyesis, pregnancy.] Multiple pregnancy. polycys'tic [G. polys, many, + kystis, bladder.] Composed of many cysts, noting a tumor such as an hydatid. polycythse'mia, polycythe'mia [G. polys, many, 4- kytos, cell, -I- haima, hlood.} i. An increase in the globular elements of the blood; hyperglobul- ism. 2. Specifically an increase in the number of red blood-cells, erythrocytosis, erythremia, p. rubra, p. megalosplen'ica, Osier's disease, p. myelopath'ica. Vaquez's disease, p. ruTira, ery- throcytosis. p. ve'ra cum splenomega'lia, Vaquez's disease, rel'ative p., a relative in- crease in the number of red blood-corpuscles due to loss of the fiuid portion of the blood. polydac'tylism [G. polys, many, + daktylos, finger.] "The presence of more than five digits on either hand or foot. o Polydin'ida [G. polys, many, -I- dine, a whirling.] An order of Dinoflagellata having several flagella lying in transverse furrows. polydip'sia [G. polys, much, -I- dipsa, thirst.] Ex- treme thirst, p. ebrio'ria, a craving for intoxi- cants. polydispersoid(pol"i-dis-pur'soyd) [G. polys, many.] A colloid system in which the dispersed phase is composed of particles having different degrees of dispersion. polyeidocyte (pol-J-i' do-sit) [G. polys, many, + eidos, appearance, -I- kytos, cell.] A large uninuclear cell present in the spleen; lymphoidocyte, myelo- blast.* polyembryony (pol-I-em'bri-o'"n!() [G. polys, many, + embryon, embryo.] In botany, the production of two or more embryos in one ovule. polyemia, polyaemia (pol-I-e'ml-ah) [G. polys, much, -t- haima, blood.] Plethora. polyergic (pol-I-ur'jik) [G. polys, much, + ergon, work.] Capable of acting in several different ways. POLYESTHESIA 800 POLYMORPH polyesthesla, polyassthesia (pol-l-es-the'zl-ah) [G. polys, many, + aisihesis, sensation.] A disorder of sensation in which a single touch or other stimulus is felt as several. polyf or'min. 1 . A compound of formaldehyde and resorcin, occurring in the form of a brownish yellow powder; antiseptic, used as a substitute for iodoform; called also insoluble p. 2. A com- pound of hexamethylenamine and resorcinol, a white crystalline powder used as an intestinal antiseptic and externally; called also soluble p. polyg'ala [G. polys, much, + gala, milk.] Milk- wort, the herb and root of Polygala amara; expec- torant and tonic, employed in bronchitis and tuberculosis in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6) of the extract. P. sen'ega, see senega. polygalac'tia [G. polys, much, + gala(galact-), milk.] An excessive secretion of milk, especially at the weaning period. polygal'ic acid. Polygalin, a substance existing in senega root and forming, in combination with senegin, the acrid constituents of this drug, polyg'alin. Polygalic acid. polyg'amous. In botany, noting plants of the same species which have both unisexual and hermaph- rodite flowers. pol"ygangUon'ic. Containing or involving many ganglia or lymph-glands. polygas'tria [G. polys, many, + gasier, stomach.] Hyperchylia, excessive secretion of gastric juice. poIyglandtUar (pol"I-glan'du-lar) [G. polys, many.] Pluriglandular. polyglobulia (pol-i-glo-bu'll-ah) [G. polys, many, -t- L. globulus, globule.] Hyperglobulia, polycythe- mia.* polyglobulism (pol-I-glob'u-lizm). Hyperglobulia, polycythemia.* polyg'nathus [G. polys, much, + gnathos, jaw.] A double monster in which the parasite is attached to the jaw of the autosite. polygona'tum [G. polys, many, -I- gony, knee.] Solomon's seal, the rhizome of Polygonatum officinale; related in its action to convallaria; employed in rheumatism and gout as a. diuretic and purgative in doses of irfs-is (0.3-1.0) of a fluidextract; employed in eclectic practice in cases of irritable and relaxed mucous membranes with excessive secretion, in portal congestion, and in hemorrhoids. Polyg'onum [G. polygonon.] A genus of plants of the order Polygonacece, a number of the species of which are employed in domestic medicine. P. ^.avicula're, knotgrass; the herb is reputed to be antirheumatic and diuretic. P. bistor'ta, snake- wort, English serpentary, bistort; astringent, employed in dysentery and diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), or nEis-30 (1.0-2.0) of a fluidextract. P. hydropi'per, smartweed, the leaves are reputed to be useful in amenorrhea and fimctional impotence in doses of 15115-30 (i.o- 2 . o) of a fluidextract. P. puncta'ta, water smart- weed; the herb is employed in amenorrhea and dyspepsia in doses of 11)115-30 (1.0-2.0), and externally as a coimterirritant in gout, rheuma- tism, and neuralgia. polygraph (pol'l-graf) [G. polys, many, + graphs, I write.] An instrument by means of which simultaneous tracings can be taken of several different pulsations, as the radial and the jugular pulses, the liver pulsation, the apex beat of the heart, etc. polygyria (pol-l-ji'ri-ah) [G. polys, many, -I- gyros, circle, gyre.] The presence of more than the usual number of convolutions on the surface of the brain. polyhe'mia, polyh«'mla. Polyemia. polyhe'dral [G. polys, many, + hedra, base.] Hav- ing many sides or facets. polyhidro'sis, polyidro'sis [G. polys, much, -I- hidros, sweat.] Profuse sweating, hyperhidrosis. polyhybrid (poH-hi'brid) [G. polys, many, + hybrid.] The offspring of parents differing from each other in more than three characters. polyhydram'nios [G. polys, much, -1- hydor, water, -1- amnion.'] Dropsy of the amnion, an excess in the amount of amniotic fluid. polyhydruria (pol-jt-hi-dru'ri-ah) [G. polys, much -|- hydor, water, + ouron, urine.] Excessive in- crease in the watery portion of the urine. polyinfection (pol"I-in-fek'shun). Multiinfection. polylep'tic [G. polys, many, + lepsis, a seizing.] Noting a disease occurring in many paroxysms, such as malaria or epilepsy. polymas'tia [G. polys, many, -t- mastos, breas}.] Polymazia, hypermastia; a condition in which, in the human, more than two breasts are present. Polymastig'ida [G. polys, many, + mastix(mastig-), whip.] An order of Zoomastigophora, embracing cells provided with many flagella distributed tmiformly or in groups. polymastigote (pol-i-mas'tl-got) [G. polys, many.] A mastigote having several iiagella bunched together, polyma'zia [G. polys, many, + mazos, breast.] Polymastia. polyme'lia [G. polys, many, + melos, limb.] The presence of supernumerary limbs or parts of limbs, as in polydactylism. polyme'lius. A monster exhibiting polymelia, pol'ymer [G. polys, many, + meros, part.] One of two or more polymeric substances. polyme'ria [G. polys, many, + meros, part.] The presence of supernumerary 'parts of the body. polymer'ic [G. polys, many, -I- meros, part.] Not- ing two isomeric substances which have the same percentage composition, but the molecular weight of one (therefore the number of atoms in the molecule) is a multiple of that of the other. poljmi'erid. Polymer. polym'erism. 1. The condition of polymers or polymeric substances. 2. Polymeria, polym'erize. To change a compound into its polymer. polymicro'bic [G. polys, many, + mikrobion, microbe,] Caused by a number of different microorganisms. polymicrolipomatosis (poW-mi"-kro-U-po-mS-to'- sis) [G. polys, many, + mikros, small, -|- lipos, fat, + -oma + -osis.] The occurrence of multi- ple, small, nodular, fatty tumors in the subcu- taneous connective tissue. polyml'crotome. A microtome which makes several sections at one stroke. polymitus (p6-lim'S-tus) [G. polys, many, + mitos, thread.] A term denoting the stage in repro- duction of the malarial and similar organisms in which thin threads of protoplasm project from the surface of the microgametocyte; these threads, when detached, constitute the micro- gamete. polym'nia. The root of Polymnia uvedalia, bearsfoot, yellow leaf cup, a plant of the eastern United States; employed in eclectic practice in rheumatism, enlargement of the liver or spleen, glandular enlargements, and chronic malaria m doses of gtt. 2-3 (0.13-0.2) of the specific preparation every hour or two. polymorph. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte. POLYMORPHIC 8oi POLYPUS polTmor'pliic [G. polys, many, + morphe, form.] Occurring in more than one form; polymorphous, pleomorphic, multiform. polymor'plusin. Occurrence in several forms; the existence in the same species or other natural group of several types ; pleomorphism. polymor"phocell'ular [G. polys, many, + morphe, form, + L. cellula, cell.] Relating to or formed of cells of several different kinds. polymor'phocyte [G. polymorphos, multiform, + ky- ios, a hollow (a cell).] A marrow-cell, myelocyte. polymorphonuclear (pol"I-mor-fo-nu'kle-ar) [G. poly- morphos, multiform, + L. nucleus.] Having nuclei of varied forms, noting a variety of leuco- cyte. polymor'phous. Polymorphic, pleomorphic, multi- form. • •polymyoc'lonus. Myoclonus multiplex, polyclonia. polymyositis (pol-I-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. polys, many, + mys, muscle, + -itis^ i. Inflammation of a number of voluntary muscles simultaneously. 2. Infectious myositis. polyne'sic [G. polys, many, + nesos, island.] Occuring in many separate foci, noting certain forms of inflammation or infection. polyneu'ral [G. polys, many, + neuron, nerve.] Re- lating to, supplied by, or affecting several nerves. polyneu'iic. l. Polyneural. :<. Relating to or con- taining many nerve-cells. polyneuritis (pol-I-nu-ri'(re')tis) [G. polys, many, + neuron, nerve, -f- -itis.l Multiple netiritis. polynuclear (poH-nu'kle-ar) [G. polys, many, + L. nucleus.'} Multinuclear. polynucleated (pol-i-nulde-a-ted). Multinucleated. polynucleo'sis. Multinucleosis, the presence of numbers of polynuclear, or multinuclear, cells in the peripheral blood. polynucleotide (pol"i-nu'kle-o-tid) [G. polys, many.] A complex nucleic acid combined with several bases. polyodon'tia [G. polys, many, + odous(pdont-), tooth.] The presence of supernumerary teeth. polyonychia (pol-I-o-nik'J-ah) [G. polys, many, -f- onyx(,onych-), nail.]. The presence of super- numerary naUs on fingers or toes. polyo'pia, polyop'sia, pol'yopy [G. polys, many, + dps (dp-), eye.] Double, or more correctly multiple, vision, the perception of several images of the same object. polyorchidism (pol-i-or'kid-izm) [G. polys, many, -t- orchis, testicle.] The presence of one or more supernumerary testicles. polyorchis (pol-I-or'kis) [G. polys, many, -\- orchis, testicle.] A person who has more than two tes- ticles. polyorchism (pol-i-or'kizm). Polyorchidism. polyorrhomenitis (pol-i-or"ro-men-i'(e')tis) [G. polys, many, -1- orrhos, serum, + hymen, mem- brane, -)- -His.] Polyorrhomeningitis. polyorrhomeningitis (pol-i-or"ro-men-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. polys, many, + orrhos, serum, -t- meninx- (mening-) , membrane, -t- -itis.] General inflam- mation of all the serous membranes, Concato's disease, polyorrhomenitis, polyserositis. polyorrhomenosis (pol-i-or-ro-men-o'sis) [G. polys, many, -t- orrhos, serum, -I- hymen, membrane, -I- -osis.] Polyorrhomeningitis, polyserositis. polyotia (poH-o'shyah) [G. polys, many, -i- ous (of-), ear.] The presence of a supernumerary au- ricle on one or both sides of the head. pol'yp. Polypus. polypapillo'ma [G. polys, many.] i. Multiple papil- lomata. 2. Frambesia, yaws. SI polypar'esis [G. polys, much, + paresis, weakness.] General paralysis of tihe insane. polypeptid (polTpep'tid) [G. polys, many.] A peptid formed by the union of more than three amino-acids. polypet'alous [G. polys, many.] In botany, noting a flower with vmunited petals. polypha'gia [G. polys, much, + phago, I eat.] Excessive eating, gluttony. polyphalan'gism [G. polys, many, + phalanx.] Hyperphalangism ; the presence of a super- numerary phalanx in a finger or toe. polyphar'macy [G. polys, many, + pharmakon, drug.] The mixing of many drugs in one pre- scription; "shotgun" prescribing. polypho'bia [G. polys, many, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal fear or dread of many things; a minor degree of panophobia. polyphra'sia [G. polys, many, -I- phrasis, speech.] Extreme talkativeness or volubility. polyphylet'ic [G. polys, many, + phyle, tribe.] Derived from more than one source, or having several lines of descent; opposed to monophy- letic. polyphyll'ous [G. polys, many, + phyllon, leaf.] In botany, noting a flower with perianth the separate parts of which are not united. polyphyodont (pol-J-fi'o-dont) [G. polys, many, -f- phyo, I produce, 4- odousipdont-), tooth.] Hav- ing several sets of teeth formed in succession throughout life. pol'ypiform [L. polypus + forma, form.] Resem- bling a polyp, polypoid. polyplas'mia [G. polys, much, + plasma.] Hydre- mia, excessive fluidity of the blood. pol'yplast [G. polys, many, -I- plastos, formed.] Formed of several different structures. polyplas'tic [G. polys, many, + plastikos, plastic] Assuming or capable of assuming several forms, polymorphic, polymorphous. polypne'a, polypnce'a [G. polys, many, -\- pnoia, breath.] Tachypnea, deep, labored, and rapid respiration. pol'ypoid [L. polypus + G. eidos, resemblance.] Polypiform. polyp'orous [G. polys, many, -\- poros, pore.] Crib- riform, having many pores. Polyp'orus [G. polys, many, + poros, pore.] A genus of -mushrooms. P. officina'lis, agaricus, boletus, white or purging agaric, employed in the prevention of the night sweats of phthisis in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). polypo'sis. A condition marked by the presence of several polypi. pol'ypotome [L. polypus + G. iomos, cutting.] An instrument used for cutting away a polypus. pol'ypous. Relating to a polypus. pol'ypus [G. polys, many -h pous, foot.] A pedun- culated swelling or outgrowth from a mucous membrane, bleed'ing p., a prominent angioma of the nasal mucous membrane. ceU'ular p., mucous p. cystic p., a pedunculated cyst, fi'brin- ous p., a p. formed of a semiorganized blood-clot in a subinvoluted uterus after childbirth, fibrous p., a p. constituted largely of fibrous tissue, fleshy p., a submucous myoma projecting into the cavity of the uterus, gelat'inous p., myxoma, mucous p., a pedunculated growth, springing from the mucous membrane, of soft and jelly-like (mjrxo- matous) consistence, p. hydatido'sus, cystic p. rasp'beny p., a pedimculated fungoid tumor in the external auditory meatus, round-cell p., mucous p. spongy p., mucous p. vas'cular p., bleeding p. POLYRRHEA, POLYRRHCEA 802 PONS polyrrhe'a, polyrrhoe'a [G. polys, much, + rhoia, a flow.] A profuse discharge of serous or other fluid; hydrorrhea. polysaccharid, polysaccharide (pol-e-sak'ar-id) [G. polys, many, + sakcharis, sugar.] A carbohy- drate containing a large number of saccharid groups, (CjHinOj)!!. Starch is the most familiar example of a polysaccharid. polysar'cia [G. polys, much, + sarx, flesh.] Obesity, corpulence, lipomatosis. polysar'cous. Obese, corpulent excessively fat. polyscelia (pol-i-se'll-ah). A form of polymelia, the presence of more than two legs. polyscelus (polris'el-us) [G. polys, many, + skelos, leg.] A monster with one or more supemumer- vary legs. pol'yscope [G. polys, much, + skopeo, I examine.] Diaphanoscope. polysep'alous [G. polys, many.] In botany, noting a flower, the sepals of which are ununited. polyserositis (pol-i-se-ro-si'(se')tis) [G. polys, many, + L. serum + G, -itis.'] Polyorrhomeningitis. polysinuitis, polysinusitis (pol-I-sin-u-i'(e')tis, pol- I-si-nus-i'(e')tis) [G. polys, many, + L. sinus + G. -itis.l Simultaneous inflammation of two or more sinuses. pol'ysolve. Sodium sulphoricinate, a solvent of thymol, menthol, and various camphors; poly- sol veol, solvin. polyso'mia. The condition of a polysomus. polyso'mus [G. polys, many, + soma, body.] An imperfect double or triple monster with joined bodies. polyspermia, polyspermism (pol-K-spur'ml-ah, pol-I- spur'mizm) [G. polys, many, 4- sperma, seed.] I. Polyspermy. 2. An abnormally profuse sper- matic secretion. polysper'my [G. polys, many, + sperma, seed.] The entrance of more than one spermatozoon into the ovum. Polyspo'rea [G. polys, many, + sporos, seed.] A suborder of Myxosporidia in which the pansporo- blast contains more than two spores; the latter are as a rule elongated. polystichia (poH-stikl-ah) [G. polys, many, + stichos, row.] An arrangement of the eyelashes in two or more rows. polysuspensoid (pol"i-sus-pen'soyd) [G. polys, many.] A colloid system compound of solid phases having different degrees of dispersion. polysyphilide (pol-i-sif'5-led) [G. polys, many, -|- syphilide.] Marked by the presence of many syphilitic lesions. polythe'lia [G. polys, many, + thsle, nipple.] The presence of supernumerary nipples, either on the breast or elsewhere on the body. polytrichia (poI-I-trik'I-ah) [G. polys, much, + thrix (trick-), hair.] Hypertrichosis, hirsuties, pilosis, polytrichosis, excessive hairiness. Polytrichlna (pol-I-trl-ki'nah) [G. polys, many, + thrixilrich-), hair.] A suborder of Heterotrichida in which the cilia are uniformly distributed over the surface of the cell. polytrichosis (pol-I-tri-ko'sis). Polytrichia. polytrichum (pol-it'ri-kum) [G. polys, many, + thrixilrich-), hair.] Hair-cap, golden maidenhair, golden moss, the entire plant of Polytrichum commune, P. juniperinum., and other species of P. ; diuretic and astringent; employed in bronchitis and menorrhagia. polytTo'phla, polyt'rophy [G. polys, much, + iroph,S nourishment.] Hypemutrition. polyuria (poW-u'ri-ah) [G. polys, much, + ouron, urine.] Excessive excretion of urine, profuse I micturition, p. test, the drinking of large quantities of water which will cause a propor- tional increase in the urinary secretion if the kidneys are' sound, but not if the epithelium of the secreting tubules is damaged; called also Albarran's test. polyv'alent [G. polys, much, -f- L. valere, to have power.] Multivalent, p. se'rum, a serum con- taining antibodies produced by the injection of several strains of the same species of microorgan- ism, p. Tac'cine, a bacterial vaccine made from killed cultures of several strains of the same bacterial species ; see mixed vaccine. pomade (po-mad') [Fr. pommade.] Pomatum. poma'tum [L. pomum, apple.] A medicated oint- ment for the hair. pomegranate (pum'gran-at) [L. pomum, -apple, + granatus, many seeded.] Fruit of Punica grana- tum, a reddish yellow fruit the size of an orange containing many seeds enclosed in a reddish subacid pulp ; the bark of the root and stem is official in the U.S. P. as granatum. pomm'el joint. Condyloid joint. pom'pholyx [G. a bubble.] Chiropompholyx, an inflammatory eruption of deeply seated vesicles of varying size, occurring on the hands or feet, accompanied by itching and burning, and fol- lowed by desquamation. pom'phus [G. pomphos, blister.] A wheal. po'mum [L.] Apple, p. Ada'mi, Adam's apple, prominentia laryngea. Ponce de Leon Springs, Pennsylvania. Alkaline- carbonated waters. Six springs. Used by drinking in Bright's disease, the uric acid diathe- sis, acidity of the stomach, and heartburn. The summer months. Poncet's disease' (pawn-sa') [Antonin Poncet, French surgeon, 1846-1913.] Tuberculous rheu- matism.* P.'s operation, (i) lengthening of the tendo Achillis for talipes equinus; (2) perineal urethrostomy; (3) perineotomy, perineal cyst- otomy in prostatic disease. pon'derable [L. pondus, weight, -I- kahilis, apt, fit.] Having weight. ponga'mia oil. Poonga oil, the expressed oil of the seeds of an East Indian tree, Pongamia glabra; used externally in scabies and various skin affec- tions. pon'ogen, pi. pon'ogens, ponogena (pon-oj'en-ah) [G. ponos, fatigue, -(- gennao, I produce.] i. A fatigue poison, fatigue toxin.* 2. Parhormone. pon'ograph [G. ponos, fatigue, + graphs, I record.] An instnmient for recording graphically the progressive fatigue of a contracting muscle. ponopalmosis (pon-o-pal-mo'sis) [G. ponos, bodily exertion, -|- palmos, palpitation.] A condition of irritable heart in which palpitation is excited by slight exertion. ponophobla (pon-o-fo'bJ-ah) [G. ponos, fatigue, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear of overwork or of becoming fatigued; laziness. pon'os [G. fatigue, pain.] A disease occurring in yoimg children"^ in certain of the islands of Greece; it is characterized by enlargement of the spleen, hemorrhages, fever, and cachexia; possibly due to the presence of the Leishman- Donovan body. pons [L. bridge.] i. Pons Varolii, a prominent white mass on the basal aspect of the brain, lying in front of the cerebellum inferiorly, between the medulla and the cerebral peduncles, from each of which it is marked off by a groove; it is convex from side to side anteriorly, and posteriorly it forms part of the floor of the fourth ventricle, a. Any bridge-like formation connecting two more PONS 803 PORPHYRURIA or less disjoined parts of the same structure or organ, p. cerebel'li, p. Varolii, p. hep'atis, a bridge of liver tissue which sometimes overlaps the fossa venae cavae, converting it into a canal. p. Tari'ni, posterior perforated space, substantia* perforata posterior [BNA]. p. Varo'lii, pons (i). pontibra'chium. Brachium pontis [BNA]. pontic (pon'tik). Dummy (2). pontic'ulus [L. dim. of pons, bridge.] i. Ala pontis, propons. 2. A vertical ridge on the eminentia conchas giving insertion to the auricularis pos- terior (retrahens aurem) muscle, p. hep'atis, pons hepatis. p. promonto'rii, a ridge on the wall of the tympanum passing from the promon- tory to the pyramid. pon'tile, pon'tine. Relating to a pons, especially the pons Varolii. pontoon' [L. ponto, a small boat, a punt.] A loop of the small intestine. pool [A.S. pdl.\ A collection of blood in any region of the body, due to a dilatation of and retardation of the circulation in the capillaries and veins of the part, abdom'inal p., the volume of blood within the abdomen, greatly increased in cases of shock, giving rise to the condition of exemia. Pool's phenom'enon [Eugene Hillhouse Pool, New York surgeon, contemporary.] 1. Leg phenom- enon; contraction of the calf muscles following stretching of the sciatic nerve by placing the patient in a sitting position ; it occurs in post- operative tetany. 2. Arm phenomenon; con- traction of the arm muscles, resembling that from stimulation of the ulnar nerve, following stretching of the brachial plexus by elevating the arm above the head with the forearm extended; it occurs in post-operative tetany. Pool-Schlesinger sign (pool-shla'zing-er) [E. H. Pool;* H. Schlesinger.] A combination of Pool's and Schlesinger's signs; i.e. spasm both of the extensor muscles of the knee and of the calf muscles. pooled blood-serum. The mixed serum from a number of individuals, used to determine the normal phagocytic index. poplar. Populus. poples [L. the ham.] Poplitaeus or popliteal space; posterior surface of the knee. poplits'us. Popliteus; see under fmisculus. popliteal (pop-lit'e-al; more commonly, pop-li-te'al). Relating to the poples or posterior surface of the knee. poplite'us. See under musculus. popp'y. Papaver. p. oil, an expressed oil from the seeds of the poppy, resembling linseed oil. pop'uli gem'msB (N.F.). Balm of Gilead buds, bal- sam poplar buds, the winter leaf-buds of P. nigra or P. balsamifera; see Populus. pop'ulin. Benzoyl-salicin, CjoHzjO,, obtained from the bark and leaves of the aspen, Populus tremuloides; occurs in the form of white acicular crystals of a sweetish taste ; antipyretic in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06—0.2). Pop'ulus [L.] A genus of trees of the order Salicin- acetB, the poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods; the bark of several species possesses tonic properties, and the buds (populi gemma, N.F.) are tonic and stimulant; a fluidextract of the bark is given in doses of 5 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) , and one of the buds in doses of 15110-30(0.6-2.0). P. balsamifera, balsam poplar, balm of Gilead. tacamahack. P. ni'gra, black poplar; this and the preceding are sources of the N.F. populi gemmae, or poplar buds. por'cupine disease'. Ichthyosis. pore [G. poros^ A hole, perforation, or foramen; one of the minute openings of the sweat-glands of the skin. porencepha'lia. Porencephaly. , porencephal'ic. Relating to or marked by poren- cephaly. porencephalitis (por-en-sef-4-li'(Ie')tis) [G. poros, a pore, -I- enkephalos, brain, + -itis.'] Chronic inflammation of the brain with the formation of cavities in the substance of the organ. porenceph'alous. Porencephalic. porenceph'aly [G. poros, a passage-way, pore, + enkephalos, brain.] The occurrence of cavities in the brain substance, communicating usually with the lateral ventricles. Porges-Meier reaction (por'ges-mi'er). A test for syphilis; equal parts of blood-serum and a x per cent, emulsion of lecithin in physiological saline solution are mixed and kept for five hours at room temperature; blood-serum of the patient, under examination is then added and if the patient is syphilitic the lecithin will be precipitated. porioma'nia [G. poreia, a journey, + mania, frenzy.] Fugue, ambulatory automatism.* pomog'raphy [G. pome, a prostitute, -I- grapho, I write.] 1. A treatise on prostitution. .1. Obscene writing. porocele (po'ro-sel) [G. poros, callus, -f kele, hernia.] A hernia with indurated coverings. porocephaliasis, porocephalosis (po-ro-sef-al-i'S,- sis, po-ro-sef-al-o'sis). Infection with a species of Porocephalus. Poroceph'alus [G. poros, pore, + kephale, head.] A generic term applied to certain worm-like arthro- pods or their larvas, parasitic in a number of animals and in man. P. armilla'tus, a species occurring in the python, the larva or nymph being occasionally found in man. P. clava'tus, a species found as a parasite in man. P. con- stric'tus, a larval species living parasitically in the mesentery. P. cro'tali, a species of linguat- ulide which has been found in the lung of a. rattlesnake and is thought to infest man occa- sionally. P. denticula'tus, the larva of Linguat- ula rkinaria. P. monilifor'niis, a species of which the adult form is parasitic in the python; the larva or nymph may infest man. porokerato'sis [G. poros, pore, -I- keratosis.] Kera- todermia eccentrica, the pores of the sweat-glands being filled with plugs of homy epithelium. poro'ma [G. poroma, callus.] 1. Callus. 2. Exos- tosis. 3. Induration following a phlegmon. poroplas'tic felt. A material of stiffened porous felt which, when moistened, can be readily moulded to any part, so that when dry it forms a strong splint. poTo'sis. I. [G. callus-formation.] The formation of callus around the ends of a fractured bone. ^. [L. porosus, porous. ] A porous condition. cer'ebral p., a porous condition of the brain produced post-mortem by the Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. poTos'ity [L. porosus, porous.] ±. A porous con- dition. 2, A perforation. porot'omy [G. poros, pore, + tome, incision.] Divi- sion of a narrow meatus urinarius, meatotomy. po'rous [L. porus, a pore.] Having, pores which pass directly or indirectly through the entire thickness of the substance, thus rendering it permeable. porphyriza'tion. Grinding in a mortar (formerly on a slab of porphyry). poiphyru'ria [G. porphyra, purple, -f- ouron, urine.l The passage of uroerythrin (purpurin) in the urine. PORRIGO 804 POSITION porri'go [L.] Any scurfy disease of the scalp — ring- worm, favus, or eczema, p. decal'vans [L. decal- vare, to make bald], alopecia areata, p. favo'sa, honeycomb scall, honeycomb tetter, favus.* p. fur'furans, tinea tonsurans, p. larva'lis, eczema of the scalp, p. luplno'sa [L. lupinus, relating to a wolf], favus. Por'ro opera'tion [Eduardo Porro, Milanese obstet- rician, 1842-1902.] Celiohysterectomy, Porro- cesarean operation; cesarean section followed by supravaginal amputation ot the uterus. por'ta [L. gate.] i . The part of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter and the excretory ducts pass out, hilum, hilus [BNA]. ^. The foramen of Monro, p. hep'atis [BNA], portal fissure, a transverse fissure on the under surface of the liver between the caudate or Spigelian and quad- rate lobes, lodging the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels, p. U'enis, the hilus of the spleen, p. pulmo'nis, the hilus of the lung where the bronchi, vessels, and nerves enter and leave the organ, p. re'nis, hilus of the kidney. portacid, porteacld (port-as'id) [Fr. porter, to carry.] A glass rod for use in making a local application of any caustic acid. por'tal. Relating to any porta or hilus, specifically to the porta hepatis and the portal vein. p. cir- cula'tion, the circulation, within the liver, of the Wood brought by the p. vein. p. system, the p. vein and its branches through which the p. circu- lation takes place, p. vein, vena* portae. portcaustic, portecaustique (port-kaws'tik, port-ko- stek') [Fr. porter, to carry.] Any form of handle, permanent or adjustable, for holding a stick of silver nitrate or other solid caustic. porteaiguille (port-a-gii-e'e) [Fr. porter, to carry, + aiguille, needle.] A needle-holder. portemiche (port-S-mesh') [Fr. porter, to carry, + miche, wick.] A probe or sound with a notched extremity, used in introducing a drain or tent into a canal. portenoeud (port-S-ne') [Fr. porter, to carry, -I- nceud, knot.] An instrument used in carrying and tying a ligature around an artery or the stalk of a tumor. Por'ter Springs, Georgia. The waters are reported to contain hydrogen sulphide gas, iron, and sul- phates of magnesium, potassium, and sodium, also small amotmts of iodine, lithia, and manganese. Several springs. June 15 to October 1$. Por'ter's sign fWilliam Henry Porter, Irish physician, 1790-1861.] Tracheal tugging. Por'ter's tests [William Henry Porter, New York physician, *i853.] i. For uric acid in excess; Boil the upper strata of urine in a test-tube and add a few drops of 4 per cent, acetic acid ; at the end of 3 or 4 hours the uric acid will crystallize out just below the surface of the urine. 2. For in- dicanuria: Shake together 10 c.c. urine, 10 c.c. hydrochloric acid, and 5 drops 0.5 per cent, solu- tion potassium permanganate; then add 5 c.c. chloroform and shake; the presence of indican will be indicated by a purple coloration followed by a deposit of blue pigment. portio (por'shyo) [L. portion.] A part; in gyne- cology, portio vaginalis, p. du'ra, hard part, seventh nerve, nervus facialis ; formerly regarded as forming one nerve with the eighth or acoustic, being distinguished from the latter as the harder of the two. p. interme'dia, pars intermedia of Wrisberg, a small nerve between the facial and the acoustic, the sensory root of the facial, p. ma'jor [BNA], the larger, sensory, portion of the trigeminal nerve, p. mi'nor [BNA], the smaller, motor, portion of the trigeminal nerve, p. mol'lis, soft part, eighth nerve, nervus acusticus; formerly regarded as forming one nerve with the seventh or facial, being distinguished from the 1 after as the softer of the two. p. supravagina'- lis [BNA], the part of the cervix uteri lying above the attachment of the vagina, p. vaginalis [BNA], the part of the cervix uteri contained within the vagina. portiplezus (por-tl-pleks'us). The connection be- tween the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles passing through the porta, or foramen of Monro. portlig'ature, portelig'ature [Fr. porter, to carry.] An appliance for passing a ligature in the depths of 1. wound or a cavity which the fingers cannot reach. po'rus [L.] A pore, meatus, or foramen, p. acus'- ticus exter'nus [BNA], external acoustic or audi- tory pore or foramen, the orifice of the external auditory meatus in the tjrmpanic portion of the temporal bone. p. acus'ticus inter'nus [BNA], in- ternal acoustic or auditory pore orforamen, a large round irregular opening on the posterior surface of the pyramid, or petrous portion of the temporal bone, marking the inner termination of the inter- nal auditory meatus, p. op'ticus, optic disc, the point of entrance of the optic nerve through the sclera. posiomania (pos"i-o-ma'ni-ah) [G. posts, drinking, -I- mania, frenzy.] Dipsomania. position (po-zish'un) [L. positus, placed.] i. Atti- tude, posture; see Poeentan, Edebohls, Elliot- Fowler, P^an, Rose, Simon, Sims, Trendelenburg, Walcher. 2. The place occupied 3. Specific, Knbb-crbst, or Gbnupbctoral, Position. ally, in obstetrics, the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal structures; see cuts under presentation, anatom'ical p., the erect position of the body with the arms at the side and supinated, the palms of the hands looking for- ward; the terms posterior, anterior, lateral, medial, etc., are applied to the parts as they stand related to each other and to the axis of the body when in this position, -dorsal p., dorsal recum'bent p., a position assumed for rectal or vaginal examination, or during parturition, the patient lying on the back with hips and knees flexed and thighs abducted, doisosa'cral p., lith- otomy p. English p., a position of the parturient woman, lying on the left side with right hip and knee flexed, first p., left occipitoanterior posi- tion, L.O.A. ; see cut under presentation, fourth p., left occipitoposterior position, L.O.P. ; see cut under presentation, genucu'bital p., knee- elbow p. genupec'toral p., knee-chest p. knee- chest p., genupectoral p., a prone posture resting on the loiees and upper part of the chest, assumed for gynecological or rectal examination, knee- elbow p., genucubital p., a prone position resting on the knees and elbows, assumed for rectal or vaginal examination or operation ; see cut imder Bozeman. lat'eral recum'bent p., English p. POSITION 80s POSTHEPATIC leap'frog p., a stooping p., such as that taken by boys in playing leapfrog, assumed for a rectal examination, lithot'omy p., dorsosacral p., the patient lying on the back with buttocks at the end of the operating table, the hips and knees being fully flexed with feet strapped in position. obstef ric p., the p. assumed by the parturient woman, either dorsal recumbent or lateral recum- bent, second p., right occipitoanterior position, R.O.A. ; see cut under presentation, third p., right occipitoposterior position, R.O.P. ; see cut under presentation. Lithotomy Position. pos'itive [L. ^Oijtoi, placed.] Sign +. (l) Affirma- tive, definite, not negative. (2) In laboratory technique, noting the occurrence of the reaction. (3) In diagnosis, noting that examination reveals the presence of an abnormal condition. (4) In postmortem examinations, noting that pathological changes are present, p. col'umn, a luminous stream, usually pinkish in color, seen in passing a current of high potential through a tube from which the air has been partly exhausted. p. electric'ity, vitreous electricity, electricity such as is produced by friction of glass. p. pole, anode, the pole of an electric battery which is connected with the electronegative element, the chemically inactive pole. p. phase, the elevation of the opsonic index, fol- lowing the negative phase, after an injection of bacillary vaccine. posological (pos-o-lojl-kal). Relating to posology, or the dosage of remedies. posology (po-sol'o-ji) [G. posos, how much, -|- -logia.'] The branch of materia medica and therapeutics which has to do with a determination of the doses of remedies; dosage. post- [L. post, after.] A prefix to words derived from Latin roots, noting after, behind, or pos- terior, corresponding to Greek, meto. postaccess'ual. After an access or paroxysm of a disease. postacetab'ular. Behind the acetabular, cavity posta'nal. Behind the anus. postanesthetic, postansesthet'ic. Occurring after anesthesia, specifically after surgical or general anesthesia. postapoplec'tic. Occurring after an attack of apoplexy. postax'ial. Posterior to the axis of the body or any limb, the latter being in the anatomical position.* postbrachial (post-bra'kl-al). On or in the posterior part of the upper arm. postbrachium (post-bra'kl-um). Brachium quad- rigeminum inferius. postca'va. Inferior or ascending vena cava. postca'val. Relating to the inferior vena cava. postcen'tral. Posterior to a center. postci'bal [L. post, after, + cibum, food.] After a meal or the taking of food. postcister'na. The space in the transverse fissure of the cerebellum covered by the arachnoid. postclavic'ular. Behind the clavicle. postcomm'issure. Commissura posterior cerebri. postcor'dial [L. post, behind, + cor(cord-), heart.] Posterior to the heart. postcor'nu. Comu posterius of the lateral ventricle of the brain. postcii'brum [L. post, behind, + cribrum, sieve. Substantia perforata posterior. postcu'bital. On or in the posterior or dorsal part of the forearm. postdiastol'ic. Following the diastole of the heart. postdicrot'ic. Following the dicrotic notch in a sphygmogram, noting an additional interruption in the descending line of the pulse tracing. postdiges'tire. Following digestion, posf'diphtherific. Following or occurring as a sequel of diphtheria. , postdu'ral. Behind the dura mater, p. ar'tery, posterior meningeal artery, a branch of the arteria pharyngea ascendens, which enters the cranium through the foramen lacerum posterius. postepilep'tic. Following an epileptic seizure. doste'rior [L. comparative of posterns, following.] I. Behind or after in time or place ; posticus. 2. In botany, noting that part of a lateral member which is nearest the parent axis. poste'rius [L.] Neuter of posterior. posf'eroexter'nal. Occupying a position behind and to the outer side ; posterolateral. posVerointer'nal, Occupying a position behind and to the inner side; posteromedial. posterolat'eral. Behind and to one side, specifically [BNA] to the outer side. posterome'dial. Behind and to the inner side. posterome'dian. Occupying a central position posteriorly. posteropari'etal. Relating to the posterior portion of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum on either side. posterosupe'rior. Situated behind and at the upper part. posterotem'poral. Relating to or lying in the .posterior portion of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum on either side. postesophageal, postoesophageal (post-e-so-faj'e-al). Behind the esophagus. postfe'bnle. Occurring after a fever. postfo'vea. Fovea inferior in the floor of the fourth ventricle. postganglionic (post"gang-gU-on'ik). Posterior to or following a ganglion; noting especially the efferent visceral fibers of a neurone of the second order whose axone lies in a sympathetic ganglion. postgem'inum. One of the two testes of the corpora quadrigemina, colliculus inferior [BNA] postgenicula'tum, postgenic'ulum. The internal geniculate body of the brain. postgle'noid. Behind the glenoid fossa of the maxUIa. postgracile (post-gras'il). Behind the lobulus gracilis of the cerebellum. postgrad'uate. 1.. Relating to the period following graduation from any institution of learning, especially (in medicine) from a. medical school, noting a course of clinical and special study then pursued. ;=. A recent graduate, especially one pursuing a course of postgraduate study. postgripp'al. Postinfluenzal. posthemiple'gic. Following hemiplegia. posthemorirhagic (post-hem-6-raj'ik). Following a hemorrhage. posthepatic (post-he-pat'ik). Behind the liver. POSTHETOMY 806 POSTURE posthetomy (pos-thet'o-ml) [G. postke, prepuce, + tome, incision.] Peritonay, circumcision. pos'thioplasty [G. posthe, prepuce, + plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the prepuce. posthippocampal (post-hip-o-kam'pal). Behind the hippocampus, p. fissure, calcarine fissiire. posthitis (pos-thi'(the' )tis) [G. posthe, prepuce, + -itis.l Inflammation of the prepuce. pos'tholith [G. posihe, prepuce, + lithos, stone.] A preputial .calculus. posthumous (pos'tu-mus) [L. posiumus, last.] Occurring after the death of the producer; bom after the death of the father. posthyoid (post-hi'oyd). Behind the hyoid bone. posthypnotic (post-hip-not'ik). Following hypno- tism. posthypophysis (post-hi-pof'i-sis). The posterior portion of the pituitary body, or hypophysis cerebri. posti'cus [L.] Posterior. In the names of muscles the [BNA] substitutes posterior for posticus, as musculus tibialis posterior instead of musculus tibialis posticus. postinfluen'zal. Occurring as a sequel of influenza, postgrippal. postin'sular, i. Behind the insula. 2. The posterior portion of the insula, or island of Reil. postischial (post-is'kl-al). Behind the ischium. postmala'rial. Occurring as a sequel of malaria, postpaludal, postmas'toid. Behind the mastoid process. postme'dian. Posterior to the median plane. postmedias'tinal. 1. Behind the mediastinum, j^. Relating to the posterior mediastinum. postmediasti'nuin. The posterior mediastinum. postmeiotlc phase (post-mi-ot'ik faz) [L. post, after, + G. meiod, I make smaller.] Postreduction phase: the stage following that of reduction of the chromosomes in the sexual cells, representing the mature forms of these cells, ending with the conjugation of the nuclei in the impregnated ovum. postmortal (post-mor'tal). After death. post mortem [L. post, after; mors(mori-), death] X. After death, x. A post-mortem examination, autopsy, necropsy, p.-m. pus'tule, an ulcer resulting from cadaveric infection of an abra- sion of the hand. p.-m. wart, verruca necro- genica, lupus* verrucosus. postna'rial. Relating to the posterior nares or choanae, choanal. postna'ris. Posterior naris, choana. postna'sal. i. Behind the nasal fossae. 2. Re- lating to the posterior portion of the nasal fossae. postna'tal [L. post, after, -{- natus, birth.] Occur- ring after birth. postnecrot'ic. Subsequent to the death of a tissue or part of the body. postneurit'ic. Following neuritis. postnod'ular. Behind the nodulus vermis of the cerebellum. ' postoblonga'ta. The posterior or inferior portion of the medulla oblongata below the pons. postoc'ular [L. post, behind, + oculus, eye.] Poste- rior to the eyeball. postol'ivary. Situated posterior to the oliva. postop'erative. Following a surgical operation. postoper'culum. The posterior portion of the operculum. postperfora'tum. Posterior perforated space, sub- stantia perforata posterior [BNA]. postop^ticus. Any one of the optic lobes, or quad- rigeminal bodies. posto'ral [L. post, behind, + os(or-), mouth.] In the posterior part of, or behind, the mouth. postor'bital. Behind the orbit. postpal'atine. Relating to the posterior part of, or behind, the palate or palate bone. postpallium (pSst-pal'i-um) [L. post, after.] The cerebral cortex posterior to the sulcus centralis, or fissure of Rolando. postpal'udal. Postmalarial. pos^aralyt'ic. Following or consequent upon paralysis. post partum [L. post, after; partus, birth.] After childbirth. 2. Following or occurring as a sequel of childbirth, as post-partum hemorrhage. postpe'duncle. The posterior, or inferior, pedimcle of the brain. postpharyn'geal. Behind the pharynx. postpneumomo (post-nu-mon'ik). Following or oc- curring as a sequel of pneumonia. postpo'nent, postpo'ning [L. post, after, -I- ponere, to place.] Noting malarial paroxysms which recur each time at a later period, or after pro- gressively longer intervals. postpon'tile. Behind or below the pons Varolii. postpubescent (post-pu-bes'ent). Subsequent to the period of puberty. postpycnotic (post-pik-not'ik). Following the stage of pycnosis in a red cell, noting the disappearance of the nucleus (chromatolysis). postpyr'amid. Funiculus gracilis. postpyramidal (p6st-pl-ram'i-dal). Relating to the posterior pyramid or funiculus gracilis. postramus (post-ra'mus) [L. post, behind, + ramus, branch.] The posterior portion of the central white matter of the cerebellum. postreduc'tion phase. Postmeiotic phase. postrhi'nal fissure. A fissure separating the hippo- campal from the subcoUateral gyre. postrolandic (post-ro-lan'dik). Behind the fissvire of Rolando. postsa'cral. Behind or below the sacrum; refer- ring to the coccyx. postscale'nus. Musculus scalenus posterior. postscap'ular. Posterior scapular, behind the scapula. posfscapula'ris. Musculus infraspinatus. postscarlatinal (post-skar-lah-te'nal). Occurring as a sequel of scarlatina. postsphe'noid bone. The posterior portion of the body of the sphenoid bone. postsplen'ic. Behind the spleen. postsyl'vian. Behind the fissure of Sylvius. posttar'sal. Relating to the posterior portion of the tarsus. posttib'ial. Behind the tibia, situated in the posterior portion of the leg; sural. post tussis (p5st-tus'is) [L. post, after -1- tussis, cough.] After coughing, referring usually to certain auscultatory sounds. postty'phoid. Occurring as a sequel of typhoid fever. postulate (pos'tu-lat) [L. postulatus; postulare, to demand.] An unproved assertion or assumption ; a statement or formula offered as the basis of a theory. Ehrlich's p., side-chain* theory. Koch's p., Koch's* law. pos'tural. Relating to or effected by posture, as the postural treatment of peritonitis (Fowler's* position) or of a fracture. posture (pos'tur) [L. positura; positus, placed.] Position* of the body, as the erect posture, the recumbent posture, etc.; attitude, p. sense, the ability to recognize the position in which a limb is passively placed, the subject's eyes being closed. POSTUTERINE 807 POTASSIUM postu'terine (post-u'ter-in). Posterior to the uterus. postver'mis. The inferior surface of the vermis of the cerebellum. po'table [L. potabilis; potare, to drink, + hdbilis, fit.] Drinkable, fit to drink. Potain's apparatus (p6-tah') [Pierre Carl Edouard Potain, Parisian physician, 1825-1901.] A form of aspirator. P.'s disease', pulmonary and pleu- ral edema. P.'s sign, in dilatation of the aorta dulness on percussion is found extending from the manubrium sterni toward the second inter- costal space and the third costal cartilage on the right, the upper limit extending from the base of the sternum in the segment of a circle to the right. potamophobia (pot-am-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. poiamos, river, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fears aroused by the sight, and sometimes thought, of a river or any stream. pot'ash. 1. Potassa, potassium hydroxide. 2. Eearlash, potassii carbonas. potas'sa (.U.S. 1890). Potash, potassii hydroxidum (U.S. 1900). p. caus'tica (Br.), caustic potash, potassii hydroxidum (U.S.). p. cum cal'ce, potash "with lime, Vienna caustic, a gra3dsh white powder of equal parts of caustic potash and lime; employed as a caustic, p. sulphura'ta (U.S., Br.), sulphurated potash, sulphuret of potassium, liver of sulphur; obtained by melting together dried potassium carbonate 10, and sul- phur S; occurs in irregular masses of a liver color changing to brownish yellow; has been em- • ployed in whooping-cough, asthma, and tuber- culosis in doses of gr. 3-8 (o . 2-0 . 5), and exter- nally in scabies, acne, and psoriasis. potass'ic. Relating to or containing potassa. potass'ii. Genitive of potassium. p. ace'tas (U.S., Br.), potassium acetate, acetate of potash, KC2H3O2, a white granular powder or crystal- line mass soluble in water and alcohol; diuretic and diaphoretic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). p. bicarbo'nas (U.S., Br.), potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, KHCO3, occurs in colotless, translucent, prismatic crystals, soluble in water; employed as a diuretic and to decrease the acidity of the urine in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). p. bisul'phas, potassium bisulphate, acid sulphate of potassium, KHSOi; occurs in colorless, translucent crystals, of acid taste readily soluble in water; resem- bles potassium sulphate in its purgative action, but is more violent. p. bitar'tras (U.S.), potassium bitartiate, acid tar- trate of potash, cream of tartar, KHC4H<06, a white inodorous powder of acidulous taste; employed as a diuretic and to neutralize alkaline urine in doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0), and as a laxative in doses of 54-8 (16.0-32.0). . ,. .J p. bro'midum (U.S., Br.), potassium bromide, KBr, occurs as a white, shining, crystalline powder, soluble in water; employed as a nerve sedative, reduc- ing reflex activity, in epilepsy, chorea, and other spas- modic neuroses, and as a hypnotic, in doses of gr. 5-60 (0.3-4.0). ,_.,.. p. carbo'nas (U.S., Br.), potassium carbonate, salt of tartar, K2CO3, a white crystalline or granular powder, deliquescent, soluble in equal parts of water; employed chiefly externally in the treatment of cutane- ous diseases. p. chlo'ras (U.S., Br.), potassium chlorate, chlorate of potash, KClOa, occurring in colorless shining crys- tals, soluble in 16 parts of water; has been employed internally in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-o.s), and also as a mouth wash and gargle, in stomatitis and follicular pharyngitis. , , , . . , , p. chlo'ridum (N.F.), potassium chloride, colorless crystals or a white granular powder, soluble in about three parts of water. p. chro'mas, potassium chromate, neutral or yellow chroma te of potassium, KiCrOi; a yellow crystalline salt, soluble in 2 parts of water; employed as a reagent. p. ci'tras (U.S.. Br.) potassium citrate, KaCoHsOv , a white granular powder, deliquescent and soluble in water; employed as a diuretic and diaphoretic and to diminish the acidity of the urine, in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). p. ci'lras efferves'cens (U.S.), potassium citrate 200, citric acid i6z, sodium bicarbonate 477, tartaric acid 252: the salts are thoroughly mixed, and when moist passed through a sieve, and the granules then dried; dose 5 1— 2 (4.0—8.0). p. cyan'idum, potassium cyanide, KCN, a white granular powder having the odor, when moist, of hydro- cyanic acid, deliquescent ' and' soluble in water; em- ployed to meet the same indications as diluted hydro- cyanic acid, in doses of gr. :fe— i (0.005—0.008). p. dichro'mas (Br.), potassium dichroirate or bi- chromate, K2Cr207, occurs as orange red, translucent crystals, soluble in 9 parts of water; employed exter- nally as a caustic to syphilitic vegetations. p. et so'dii tar'tras (U.S.), potassium and sodium tartrate, soda tartarata (Br.), Rochelle salt, KNaC4H4- Og; occurs as white or transparent, inodorous, pris- matic crystals, of saline bitterish taste, soluble in water; laxative in doses of 32-4 (8.0-16.0). p. f errocyan' dum, potassium ferrocyanide, yellow prussiate of potash, K4Fe(CN)6-t-3H20, translucent, lemon- yellow crystals, of a sweetish taste, soluble in water; employed in the preparation of various cyanides and in medicine as an antidote to copper sulphate p. hydrox'idum (U.S.), potassium hydroxide, potassa caustica (Br.), caustic potash, KOH, occurs in white crystalline masses, inodorous but of an acid, caustic taste; employed as a strong penetrating caustic. p. hypophos'phis (U.S.), potassium hypophosphite, KH2PO2, occurs in white crystalline masses or granular powder, inodorous but of saline bitter taste; employed like the other hypophosphites as a nerve and general tonic. p. iod'idum (U.S., Br.), potassium iodide, KI, a colorless or whitish crystalline powder soluble in water ; employed as an alterative, and in syphilis and chronic rheumatism, in doses of gr. 5—20 (0.3-1,3). p. ni'tras (U.S., Br.,) potassium nitrate, niter, salt- peter, KNO3, occurs in colorless, translucent, pris- matic crystals, readily soluble in water; sometimes employed as a diuretic and diaphoretic in doses of gr: S-20 (0.3-1.3), and the fumes are inhaled for the relief of the asthmatic paroxysm. p. pennan'ganas (U.S., Br.), potassium perman- ganate, KMnOi; occurs in deep purple prismatic crystals, soluble in i s parts of water; a strong oxidizing agent, employed in solution as an antiseptic and deodorizing application to foul ulcers, cancer, and ozena, used internally in dyspepsia and amenorrhea . in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0.13). p. sozoiod'olas, potassium sozoiodolate, a colorless crystalline powder soluble in 50 parts of water; employed externally as an antiseptic and bactericide in skin diseases, otitis, rhinitis, and gonorrhea. p. succi'nas, potassium succinate, a deliquescent powder used as a hemostatic in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). p. sul'phas (N.P., Br.), potassium sulphate, K2SO4, occurs as colorless, translucent, prismatic or pyramida J crystals, or as a white powder, soluble in 9 parts , of water; laxative in doses of gr. 30-60 (2 . 0—4 . o) . p. tar'tras (Br.), potassium tartrate, soluble tartar, iQjC4H40n; occurs in colorless translucent crystals or white granular powder, soluble in less than its weight of water; diuretic, diminishing urinary acidity, in doses of gr. 3 0-60 (2 . 0-4 . o) . potass"iocu'pric. Relating to or containing both potassium and copper. potass"ioniercu'ric. Relating to or containing both potassium and mercury. potas'sium [L.] Kalium, an alkaline metallic ele- ment, symbol K (kalium), atomic weight 39.1, occurring abundantly in nature but always in combination. It is a soft silvery white or gray, lustrous substance. Its salts are largely used in POTASSIUM 808 POX For the salts of potassium see tinder A bacterial culture grown on a medicine, potassii. pota'to-cul"ture. slice of potato. po'tency [L. poteniia, power.] i. Power, force; strength. 2. In homeopathy, (a) the therapeutic efficacy of a drug as increased by succussion or trituration with alcohol or sugar of milk, respec- tively; (b) the degree of dilution or attenuation of a drug by which its therapeutic efficacy is increased. There are two degrees or systems of potency, the decimal and the centesimal. In the decimal system one part of the crude drug is triturated with nine parts of sugar of milk to make the first decimal potency. To make the second decimal potency one part of the first potency is triturated with nine parts of sugar of milk; and so on. In the case of drugs of which tinctures can be made, one drop of the mother tincture is added to nine drops of alcohol (in larger amounts, but in the same proportion) and the mixture is strongly shaken (succussed) to make the first decimal dilution or potency; one drop of this succussed with nine drops of alcohol makes the second decimal dilution, and so on. The centesimal potencies are made in the same way, except that one grain or one drop is tritu- rated or shaken with 99 grains or drops of the diluent to make the first centesimal potency; and one part of this again is mixed with 99 parts of the diluent to make the second centesimal potency. The centesimal potencies are indicated by num- bers from I to 30 (usually, though not always, the highest potency used) ; the decimal potencies are indicated by the signs ix, 2X, 30X, etc. fluxion p., a dilution or potency made with a machine, water being used as a vehicle, and pushed to an extreme degree— as high, it is stated, as the xrrVr or even naiaa ^ dilution, high p., the homeopathic preparation of a drug above the 30th dilution. potentia coeundi (po-ten'shyah ko-e-un'di) [L. the power of cohabiting, coire, to come together.] The ability to perform sexual intercourse. potential (po-ten'shal) [L. potentia, power.] i. Capable of doing or being, though not yet doing or being; possible, but not actual. 2. A state of tension in an electric source enabling it to do work under suitable conditions ; in relation to electricity the potential is analogous to the temperature in relation to heat. p. cau'tery, see eautery. potentialization (po-ten"shal-i-za'shun). The ren- dering potent; in homeopathy, the increase in potency of a drug through dilution or attenuation. potentialize (po-ten'shal-iz) . To render potent ; spe- cifically, in homeopathy, to increase the potency or therapeutic efficacy of a drug by dilution or attenuation; potentize. potentiation (po-ten-shl-a'shun). Potentialization. po'tentize. In homeopathy, to render potent, potentialize, said of the dynamization of drugs by dilution or attenuation. po'tio [L.] Potion, p. Rivier'ii, Riviere's* potion. po'tlon. A draft or large dose of liquid medicine. potoma'nia [G. poios, a drinking-bout, -I- mania, frenzy.] Delirium tremens. Pott's an'eurysm [Percival Pott, English surgeon, 1 1713-1788.] Aneurysmal varix.* P.'s ca'rles, P.'s disease. P.'s cur'vature, the kyphosis of P.'s disease. P.'s disease, tuberculous spondylitis, vertebral caries. P.'s fracture, fracture of the lower part of the fibula and of the malleolus of the tibia, with outward displacement of the foot. P.'s gan'grene, senile gangrene. P.'s paral'ysis or paraple'gia, paraplegia resulting from com- pression of the spinal cord in P.'s disease. P.'s tumor, a circumscribed swelling of the scalp indicating an underlying osteitis of the skull. po'tus [L. drink.] Potio, draft, drink, p. imperia'- lis, imperial drink, a solution of cream of tartar, J ounce in 3 pints of water, sweetened, and flavored with lemon peel, pouch (powch). Pocket, cul-de-sac. Broca's p., pudendal sac. Douglas's p., rectovaginal p., excavatio* rectouterina. laryn'geal p., sacculus laryngis. paracys'tic p., the lateral portion of the uterovesical p. pararec'tal p., the lateral portion of the rectouterine p. rectou'terine p., excavatio rectouterina. rectovag'inal p., excavatio recto- uterina. rectoves'ical p., excavatio rectovesicalis. uteroves'xcal p., excavatio* vesicouterina. vesi- cou'terine p., excavatio vesicouterina. Willis's p., the gastrohepatic omentum. Pougues-les-£auz, Prance (poog-la-zo'). Alkaline- ferruginous-carbonated waters. Cold. Seven springs. Used by drinking and bathing in aifec- tions of the digestive organs, the gouty diathesis, diabetes, certain forms of vesical catarrh, renal disorders, anemia, scrofula, and debility. May 15 to September 30. Poulet's disease (poo-la') [Alfred Poulet, French phy- sician, 1848— 1888.] Rheumatic osteoperiostitis. poultice (pol'tis) [L. puls(pull-), a thick pap.] Cata- plasm, alum p., cataplasma aluminis. bread p., a p. made by steeping bread crumb in hot milk or water, carrot p., cataplasma carotae. charcoal p., cataplasma carbonis. chlo'rinated soda p., chlorine p., cataplasma sod^ chlorinatae. clay p., cataplasma kaolini. flaxseed p., cataplasma linii linseed p., cataplasma lini. lobe'lia p., cataplas- ma lobeliae. molas'ses p., cataplasnia syrup, fusci. mustard p., cataplasma sinapis. spice p., a poultice made by moistening a powder of ginger, allspice, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon (or some similar mixture) with hot vinegar or alcohol to make a paste; useful in nausea, meteorism, and colic, stramo'nium p., cataplasma stramonii. yeast p., cataplasma fermenti. pound [A.S. pund; L. pondus, weight.] A unit of weight, containing twelve ounces, apothecaries' weight, and sixteen ounces, avoirdupois. Poupart's' lig'ament [Franjois Poupart, French ana- tomist, 1616-1708.] Ligamentum inguinale [BNA]. P.'s line, vertical line, a line drawn perpendicularly, on either side, from the center ot the clavicle to P.'s ligament. poVder [Fr. poudre; L. pulvis.] 1 A dry mass of minute separate particles of any substance. 2. Pulvis, a drug in finely comminuted form. 3. Charta; a single dose of a powdered drug, en- closed in an envelope of folded paper. [For the official powders, see pulvis.] aromaf ic p., pulvis cinnamomi compositus. bleaching p., calx chlorinata. composi'tion p., pulvis myricae compositus (N.F.). gray p., hydrargyrum cum creta. Jesuits' p., powdered cinchona bark. Seidlitz p., pulvis effervescens compositus. Pow'der Springs, Georgia. Strong chalybeate waters, containing carbonic acid gas, and hydro- gen siilphide. Four springs. Pownal Spring, Maine. Neutral waters, 42°F. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, and urinary troubles. pox [variant of the pi. of pock.] i. An eruptive disease; usually qualified by some term, as small- pox, cowpox, etc. 2. An eruption, first papular then pustular, occurring in chronic antimony poisoning. 3. Vulgarly, syphilis, chjcken-p., varicella, cow-p., vaccina, vaccinia, horse-p.. POX 809 PRECIPITATION equinia. sheep p., ovinia, sxnall-p.^ variola. swjne-p., (i) a form of varicella with pronounced eruption; (2) a disease of swine of the same nature as cow-p. white p., see white. Pozzi's syn'drome (pod'ze) [Samuel J. Pozzi, French gynecologist, 1846-1918.] Backache and leucorrhea without enlargement of the uterus, in cases of endometritis. P.p. Abbreviation for punctum proximum [L.], near point. P.r. Abbreviation for punctum remotum [L.], far point. Pr. I. Abbreviation for presbyopia. :i. Chem- ical symbol of praseodymium. prac'tice [L. praciica, business.] The exercise of the profession of medicine. prac'tise. To exercise the profession of medicine ; to treat the sick. practitioner (prak-tish'on-er). A person who prac- tices medicine; a physician engaged in practice. prse-. For words so beginning, not foimd here, see pre-. praecor'dia, prscor'dium [L. prm, before, + cor (cord-), heart.] The epigastric region and anterior surface of the lower central portion of the thorax. praeciibnun (pre-krib'rum) [L. pra, before, -t- cribrum, sieve.] Praeperforatum, substantia per- forata anterior [BNA]. praecu'neus [L. prce, before, + cuneus.] A division of the mesial surface of each cerebral hemisphere between the cuneus and the paracentral lobulus ; it lies above the subparietal sulcus and is bounded anteriorly by the pars marginalis of the sulcus cinguli and posteriorly by the parieto-occipital fissure. pr£egemcula'tam, praegenic'ulum. Pregeniculatum.. praeperfora'tam. Anterior perforated space, prae- cribrum, substantia perforata anterior [BNA] praeputiuni (pre-pu'shl-um) [L. pr gerere, to bear.] Germinating, producing off- spring, p. disc, discus proligerus, cumulus* oophorus [BNA], proline (pro'len). A decomposition product of casein, gelatin, and the vegetable protein, hordein. promegaloblast (pro-meg'al-o-blast). A cell inter- mediate between a lymphoidocyte and a megalo- blast. prominentia (prom-J-nen'shl-ah) [L.] A prominence or projection, p. larynge'a [BNA], the projec- tion on the anterior portion of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx ; laryngeal prominence, Adam's apple, pomum Adami. p. malleola'ris [BNA], malleolar prominence, a small prominence at the upper end of the stria malleolaris produced by the lateral process of the malleus, p. spiralis [BNA], a projecting portion of the ligamentum spirale cochleas, bounding the lower edge of the stria vascularis and containing within it a blood-vessel, the vas prominens. p. styloid'ea [BNA], a rounded eminence on the posterior wall (paries mastoidea) of the tym- panic cavity. promonto'rium [L. a headland.] [BNA] j.. Prom- ontory of the sacrum, sacrovertebral angle, a. A rounded eminence on the inner wall of the tympanum, caused by the first cojl of the cochlea. prom'ontoiy [L. proniontoriu7ni\ An eminence or projection, doub'le p., a deformity of the sacrum in which the second segment is bent backward, its body forming an external angle with that of the first segment; this second p. is called false p. false p., see double p. p. of the sacrum, promon- torium (i). p. of the tym'panum, promonto- riiun (2). promy'elocyte [G. pro, before, -I- myelos, marrow, + kytos, cell.] Granular leucoblast, a large uninu- clear cell seen in the blood in cases of mixed-cell leucemia ; it resembles a cell of lymphatic origin, but is really of myeloid descent. pro'nate [L. pronare, to bend forward.] To rotate the forearm in such a way that the palm of the hand looks backward when the arm is in the anatomical position, or downward when the arm is extended at a right angle with the body. prona'tion. The act of pronating; the condition of being pronated. prona'tor. See under musculus. pronaus (pro'na-us) [G. pro, before, -|- naos, temple.] Vestibulum vagina. prone [L. pronus, bent downward.] Noting the hand when pronated ; noting the body when lying face downward. proneph'ron, proneph'ros [G. pro, before, + nephros, kidney.] The primitive kidney; an embryonic structure consisting of a number of twisted tubules emptying into the duct of Muller. pronograde (pro'no-grad) [L. pronus, inclined for- ward, + gradi, to walk.] Walking or resting with the body horizontal, noting the posture of quadrupeds ; opposed to orthograde. pronom'eter. An instrument for indicating the degree of pronation or supination of the fore- arm. pronu'cleus. One of two nuclei undergoing fusion in caryogamy. In embryology the nucleus of the spermatozoon, male p., or of the cmm, female p., after impregnation of the ovum. proces'trum. Proestrum. proof-spir'it. Dilute alcohol of a specific gravity of 0.920, containing 49.5 per cent, by weight (57.27 per cent, by volume) of absolute alcohol. Originally in England it was the weakest alcohol which would ignite gunpowder moistened with it. prootic (pro-o'tik) [G. pro, before, + ous{dt-y, ear.] In front of the ear. propaesin (pro-pa'sin) . Trade name of paramido- benzoic acid-propylester, employed as a local anesthetic. prop'agate [L. propagare, to continue.] To repro- duce, to generate. propagation (prop-^-ga'shun). Reproduction, gen- eration. prop'agative. Relating to or concerned in propa- gation, noting the sexual part of an animal or plant as distinguished from the soma. propal'inal [G. pro, before, + palin, backward.] Back and forth; noting a forward and backward movement. pro'pane. One of the marsh-gas series of hydrocar- bons, C3H,. prop-cells. See cell. pro'pene. Propylene. prop'enyl. Glyceryl. propep'sin. Pepsinogen. propep'tone. Secondary proteose, deuteroalbu- mose, one of the intermediate products in the conversion of native protein into peptone. propeptonu'ria [G. o«ro«, urine.] The excretion of propeptone in the urine. properitone'al. In front of the peritoneum. PROPHASE 819 PROSTATA prophase (pro'faz) [G. prophasis, from prophaino, I foreshadow.! The preliminary stage in mitosis, including all the phenomena prior to the division of the chromosomes. prophylac'tic. Preventing disease, relating to prophylaxis. prophylax'is [G. pro, before, + phylasso, I guard.] The prevention of disease. propion [G. pro, before, + pidn, fat.] Diethylke- tone. propion'ic acid. Methyl acetic acid, ethylcarbonic acid, CgHeOj, a clear colorless liquid with an odor recalling that of butyric and of acetic acid, found in sweat. proplez'us. The choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle of the brain. pro'ponal. Dipropylmalonylurea, a white crystal- line powder of slightly bitter taste, very slightly soluble in water; employed as an analgesic and hypnotic in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). pro'pons. Ala* pontis, ponticulus. pro'posote. Trade name of creosote phenylpro- pionate, an oily straw-colored fluid employed in pulmonary affections in doses of njiio— 20 (0.6- 1.3)- proprioceptive (pro"prI-o-sep'tiv) [L. proprius, one's own, + capere, to take.] Capable of receiv- ing stimtili originating within the organism. p. mech'anism, the mechanism of sense of posi- tion and movement, by which we are able to adjust our musctilar movements to a great de- gree of accuracy and to maintain our equili- brium. proprioceptor (pro"prI-o-sep'tor). One of the per- ipheral end-organs of the afferent nerves in the deeper structures, such as the muscles, tendons, joints, etc propriospinal (pro"pri-o-spi'nal) . Relating espe- cially or wholly to the spine or spinal cord. p. ner'vous sys'tem, metameric* nervous system, paleencephalon. proptom'eter [G. pro, forward, + ptosis, a falling, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measur- ing the degree of exophthalmos. pFoptosis (prop-to'sis) [G. pro, forward, + ptsois, falling.] A forward displacement of any organ; specifically, exophthalmos or protrusion of the eyeball. propul'sion [G. propulsus; propellere, to drive forth.] The tendency to fall forward that causes the festination in paralysis agitans. propylamine (pro-pil-am'en). A liquid of am- moniacal odor, isomeric with trimethylamine, obtained by heating propyl nitrate with alcohol and ammonia. It has been recommended as an antispasmodic in chorea in doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0), and in rheumatism and pneumonia. pro'pylene. A gaseous hydrocarb n, CsH,,. pro re nata (pro-ra-nah'tah) [L.] As the occasion arises; employed sometimes in the signature of a prescription, abbreviated usually to p.r.n. pror'sad [L. prorsum, forward, -I- ad, to.] In a forward direction, cephalad. pror'sal. Toward the front, anterior. prosco'lex [G. pro, before, + skolex, a worm.] The " embryonic form of a tapeworm or other cestode. prosecretine (pro-se-kre'tin) . Unaotivated secre- prosect' [h. pro, before, + secare, to cut.] To dissect a cadaver or any part, that it may serve for a demonstration of anatomy before a class. prosec'tor. One who prosects, or prepares the material for a demonstration of anatomy before a class. prosecto'rium. A dissecting room ; a place in which anatomical preparations are made for demon stration or for preservation in a museum. prosenceph'alon [G. pros, before, + enkephalos brain.] The anterior primitive cerebral vesicle, the forebrain, dividing secondarily into telen- cephalon and diencephalon prosocele, prosocoele (pros'o-sel) [G. proso, forward, + koilia, hollow.] The cavity of the prosen- cephalon. prosenchyma (pros-en'ki-mah) [G. pros, toward, -I- enchyma, something poured in.] The fibrous framework or skeleton of a plant, consisting of non-functioning, elongated, pointed cells of woody structure. Prosim'iffi [L. pro, before, + simia, ape.] A sub- order of Primates, the same as Lemuroidea. prosodexn'ic [G. proso, forward, + demos, people.] Noting a disease which becomes epidemic by means of individual contagion, and not by general infection as through the milk or water supply. prosogas'ter [G. proso, forward, -f- gaster, belly.] The foregut. prosop'agus [G. prosopon, face, + pagos; pegnymi, I fasten together.] A twin monster in which the parasite, in the form of a tumor-like mass, is attached to the orbit or cheek of the autosite. prosopal'gia [G. prdsopon, face, -f- algos, pain.] Tic douloureux. prosopalgic. Relating to or suffering from tic douloureux or facial neuralgia. prosopantritis (pros-o-pan-tri'(tre')tis) [G. prosopon, face, + antron, cavity, -f -itis.'l Inflammation of one or both frontal sinuses. prosopecta'sia [G. prosopon, face, + ektasis, exten- sion.] Enlargement of the face, as in acromegaly. prosoplasia (pros-o-pla'sl-ah) [G. proso, forward, + plasis, a moulding.] i. Progressive transforma- tion, such as the change of cells of the salivary ducts into secreting cells. 2. Differentiation exceeding the physiological limits for the kind of cell in question. prosopodiplegia (pros"o-pod"l-ple'jl-ah) [G. prosopon, face, + pous(pod-), foot, -I- plege, stroke.] Par- alysis affecting the face and one lower extremity. prosoponeural'gia. Prosopalgia. prosopoplegia (pros"o-po-ple'ji-ah) [G. prosopon, face, -{- plege, stroke.] Facial paralysis. prosopoplegic (pros"o-po-ple'jik). Relating to, or suffering from, facial paralysis. - prosoposchisis (pros-o-pos'ki-sis) [G. prosopon, face, + schisis, fissure.] Harelip or other more extensive fissure of the face. pros'opospasm [G. prosopon, face, + spasmos, spasm.] Facial spasm. prosopostemodymus (pros"o-po-stur"no-did'l-mus) [G. prosopon, face, -f- L. sternum + G. didymos, twin.] Prosopothoracopagus. prosopothoracop'agus [G. prosopon, face, -t- thorax + pagos, fastened together.] A twin monster attached by the face and chest; cephalothora copagus. prosopoto'cia [G. prosopon, face, + tokos, birth.] A face presentation in childbirth. pros'taden. An extract made from the prostate gland of a bullock; suggested for use in prostatic hypertrophy., prostata (pros'tah-tah) [L. from G. prostates, one standing before.] The prostate, a chestnut- shaped body, partly muscular and partly glandu- lar, which surrounds the beginning of the urethra PROSTATA 820 PROTEIL in the male; it consists of two lateral lobes, which are practically fused, and an anterior portion, isthmus or middle lobe. It secretes a milky fluid which is discharged into the urethra at the time of the emission of semen, mixing with this secretion. prostatalgia [prostata + G. algos, pain.] Prostatic neuralgia, pain in the prostate gland, prostato- dynia. prostatauxe (pros-tS-tawk'se) [prostata + G. auxe, increase.] Prostatic enlargement or swelling, prostatomegaly. pros'tate. Prostata. prostatec'tomy [prostata + G. ektome, excision.] Removal of a part or all of the prostate. prostathelcosis (pros"tah-thel-ko'sis) [prostata + G. helkosis, ulceration.] Suppuration in the pros- tate gland. prostat'ic. Relating to the prostate gland. pTostaf'icoTes'ical. Relating to the prostate gland and the bladder. pros'tatism. The general condition induced by hypertrophy or chronic disease of the prostate gland. prostatit'ic. Relating to prostatitis. prostatitis (pros-ta-ti'(te')tis) [prostata + G. -itis.'] Inflammation of the prostate gland. prostatocystitis (pros"ta-to-sis-ti'(te')tis) [prostata + G. hystis, bladder, + -itis.] Inflammation of the prostate and the bladder; cystitis by ex- tension of inflammation from'the prostatic urethra. prostatocystot'omy [prostata + G. kystis, bladder, -I- tome, incision.] Incision through the prostate and bladder wall with drainage through the perineum. pros"tatomeg'aly [prostata + G. mega(megal-), large.] Prostatic enlargement or hypertrophy, prostatauxe. pros"tatodyn'ia [prostata + G. odyne, pain.] Pros- tatalgia. prostat'omy. Prostatotomy. proB"tatomyomec'tomy [prostata + myoma + G. ektome, excision.] Surgical removal of an hyper- trophied, or myomatous prostate. pros"tatorrhe'a, pros"tatorrhoe'a [prostata + G. rhoia, a flow.] An abnormal discharge of pros- tatic fluid. pros"tatotox'in. A cytotoxin obtained by the injection of emulsion of the prostate gland. prostatot'omy [prostata + G. tome, incision.] Incision through the middle lobe of the prostate, in order to bring the level of the prostatic urethra to that of the bladder, in cases of hypertrophy of this gland. prostatovesiculitis (pros"ta-to-ves-ik"u-li'(le')tis) [prostata + L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. -!/»>.] Inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. pros'theon. Prosthion, alveolar point.* pros'thesis [G. an addition.] Prothesis, the supply- ing of a lost leg, eye, or other part by an artifi- cial one. prosthet'ic. Relating to prosthesis or to an artifi- cial limb or other part. prosthet'lcs. The act of making and adjusting artificial parts. prosthetist (pros'the-tist) . 1. One who makes artificial limbs. 2. In dentistry one who special- izes in the construction of artificial dentures. pros'thion [G. prosthios, foremost.] The alveolar point.* prostitu'tion [L. prostituere, to expose publicly.] The yielding of one's body to promiscuous sex- ual use for pay. prostokvash'a [Rus.] Spontaneously soured and curdled milk largely consumed in Russia. prostra'tion [prostratus ; prosiernere, to overthrow.] A marked loss of strength, exhaustion. pro'tagon [G. protos, first, -I- agon, leading.] A crystalline fatty substance containing phos- phorus, found chiefly in the white matter of the brain. pro'tal [G. protos, ,first.] Existing from the first, dating from prenatal life. protarbumose. One of the intermediate products of protein digestion, derived from hemialbumose ; it is soluble in water and not coagulable by heat, but precipitated by ammonium sulphate, cupric sulphate, and sodium chloride. protamine (pro-tam'en) [G. protos, first, + amine.] A simple protein of basic properties forming salts with mineral acids ; it is not coagulable by heat, is soluble in water, and precipitates aqueous solu- tions of other proteins ; it is one of a group of the less complex forms of protein found in fish-sperm ; they differ in the different fishes and have re- ceived names derived from the name of the fish from whose spermatozoa they have been ob- tained — salmin, sturin, scombrin, etc. pro'tan. Tannin nucleoproteid, a combination of albumin and tannin ; a light brown tasteless pow- der insoluble in water, employed as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 10—30 (o . 6—2.0). protan'dry [G. protos, first, -1- aner{andr-), man.] The condition in which the male elements in an hermaphrodite fiower mature before the female; opposed to protogyny. protanopia (pro-tan-o'pl-ah) [G. protos, first, -I- anopia.] Red-blindness, red being the first of the primary colors ; see deuteranopia and tritanopia. protar'gol [protein -f- L. argentum, silver, + oleum, oil.] A trade name for silver proteid, silver pro- tein, or silver methylenealbumose ; a yellow pow- der, soluble in water, and containing about 8 per cent, of metallic silver; employed in septic conditions in doses of i to 3 grains (0.06-0.18), as an injection in gonorrhea in solutions of 1—400 to i-ioo, and in eye affections in solutions of 1-200 to 1—20. proteal (pro'te-al) [protein.] A vegetable protein prepared for therapeutic use by hypodermic administration . protean (pro'te-an) [G. Proteus, a god having the power to change his form.] i. Changeable in form, having the power to change form like the ameba; ameboid. 3. An insoluble primary de- rivative of protein formed by the action of dilute acids or enzymes on soluble protein. proteantigen (pro-te-an'tJ-jen) [protein -\- antigen.] A protein, whether animal or vegetable, em- ployed as a therapeutic antigen. protease (pro'te-az) [protein + -ase.] A protein- splitting or proteolytic enzyme, causing a hydro- lytic cleavage of the protein molecule. protec'tin. i. A substance, developing in blood- Serum on standing in vitro, the action of which is to protect red blood-corpuscles against the action of a hemolytic serum ; it resembles complementoid , but is more absorbable by non-sensitized cells. 3. Trade name of a protective made of paper coated with rubber plaster. protec'tive [L. protegere, to cover over, to defend.] 1. Prophylactic, preventing infection, conferring immunity, a. A thin oil-silk tissue used in surgical dressings. proteid (pro'te-id) [G. protos, first.] Protein. proteil (pro'te-il) [protein.] An animal protein prepared for use as a therapeutic antigen. PROTEIN 821 PROTOBLAST protein (pro'te-in) [G. protos, first.] One of a group of substances constituting the greater part of animal and vegetable tissues; they are formed chiefly by plants. They are of very complex constitution, all containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, and some containing in addition iron, phosphorus, or sulphur; chemically they are regarded as peptides (poljrpeptides) or combinations of aminoacids and their derivatives. They are colorless, odorless, in general tasteless, and of. varying degrees of solubility; they are putrefiable and readily undergo chemical change, hydrolysis, under the influence of ferments and. on boiling with dilute acids or alkalies, al'cohol- sol'uble p., gliadin, a simple protein, found in grain, soluble in 70 to 80 per cent alcohol and in dilute acids and alkalies, but not in absolute alcohol or neutral solvents, autol'ogous p., any p. found normally in the fluids or tissues of the body, coag'ulated p., an insoluble product formed by the action of heat on p.; hard-boiled white of egg is an example. com'pound p., conjugated p. con'jugated p., a substance which contains the protein molecule united to some other molectde or molecules other- wise than as a salt; the group contains the nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphpproteins, lecithoproteins, and chromoproteins or hemo- globins, defen'sive p., an antibody, alexin, phy- laxin. derived p., a derivative of the protein molecule effected by hydrolysis ; in the primary protein derivatives (metaproteins, acid and alkali proteins or albumins) there has been only a slight change in the protein molecule; the secondary protein derivatives (proteoses, pep- tones) are the products of more extensive cleavage of the protein molecule through hydrolysis, floating p., one present in the body fluids but not entering into the formation of the tissues, for'eign p., one which differs from any contained in the blood, lymph, or tissues of the body, heterol'ogous p., foreign p. im- mune p., antitoxin, protect'ive p., de- fensive p. pyocyan'ic p., a remedy used in certain forms of suppuration, obtained by treat- ing cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus with potassa. simple p., one which yields only a-aminoacids or their derivatives by hydrolysis; the group con- tains albumins, globulins, glutelins, alcohol- soluble proteins, albuminoids, histones, and pro- tamines. protein-fat (pro'te-in-fat). Soap-albumin. protein-granules (pro'te-in gran'ulz). Aleurone. proteinochromogen (pro"te-in-o-kro'mo-ien) [pro- tein + G. chroma, color, + gennao, I produce.] Tryptophan. protein-therapy (pro"te-in-ther'ah-p?) [protein + therapy.] Treatment of disease by the sub- cutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous in- jection of a foreign protein. proteinum pyocyaneum (pro-te-e'num pi-o-si-an'e- um). Pyocyanic protein.* proteinuria (pro"te-in-u'ri-ah) [protein + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of any protein in the urine, albuminuria. pro'teol. Trade name for a powder made by the action of formic aldehyde on casein, employed as an antiseptic dressing. proteol'ysis [protein + G. lysis, loosening.] Protein hydrolysis, the digestion or decomposition of protein. proteolyt'ic. Relating to or effecting proteolysis. proteomorphic theory (pro-te-o-mor'fik the'o-ri) [protein -f- G. morphe, shape.] The theory that the mechanism of immunity against bacterial disease resides in the hematopoietic system, and secondarily in all the cells of the body, the liver being the excretory organ for the waste products resulting from the immunizing process. Proteomyx'a [G. Proteus, a sea-god of the Greeks, who could assume numerous shapes, + myxa, mucus.] A subclass of Rhizopoda having soft pseudopodia which adhere on contact, the indi- vidual cells sometimes uniting to form plasmodia ; some of the species are parasitic. proteose (pro'te-6z). A secondary protein deriva- tive resulting from further cleavage of the meta- protein molecule, one of the intermediate prod- ucts of proteolysis between protein and peptone. pri'mary p., the first result of hydrolysis of meta- protein; it occurs in two forms, protoproteose and heteroproteose. sec'ondary p., derived from pri- mary p. by further hydrolysis; it is soluble in water. Proteoso'ma [G. Proteus, a sea-god who could change his form at will, -f- soma, body.] A genus of protozoans comprising the malarial para- sites of birds. The term is sometimes used inter- changeably with Plasmodium. proteosotherapy (pro-te-o"so-ther'ah-pi[) [pro- teose -f- therapy.] Treatment of disease by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection of a proteose. proteosu'ria [proteose -H G. ouron, urine.] Albumo- suria, the excretion of proteose in the urine. proteotoxin (pro"teo-o-tok'sin) [protein + toxin.] A toxic protein split-product resulting from the reaction between a bacterial protein and the serum of the host; endotoxin. proteuria (pro-te-u'ri-ah). Proteinuria. Proteus (pro'te-us) [G. Proteus, a sea-god who had the power to change his form.] i. A genus of protozoans, same as Amceba. 2. A specific name of several of the putrefactive bacilli. Proteus X 19, a short Gram-negative, slightly motile bacillus, which grows under aerobic conditions only; has been regarded as the specific organism in typhus fever. proth'esis [G. a putting before.] Prosthesis. prothet'ic. Prosthetic. prothrom'base. Prothrombin. prothrom'bin [G. pro, before.] A nucleoprotein derived from the blood-platelets or white cor- puscles, which in conjunction with the calcium salts in the blood forms thrombin or fibrin fer- ment; thrombogen. prothyl, prothyle (pro'thil, pro-thi'le) [G. protos, first, + hyle, matter, stuff.] Protyle*, the primi- tive substance from which it is believed by many that all matter has been evolved. prothy'mia [G. pro, before, -I- thymos, mind.] Mental alertness. protiodide (pro-ti'o-did, or did). The first of a series of compounds of iodine with a base, the one which contains the fewest iodine atoms. Protis'ta [G. protista, the first of all.] Haeckel's term for a proposed third kingdom of living things to include the lowest orders of the animal and vegetable kingdoms, the Protozoa and the Protophyta. proto- [G. protos, first.] A prefix in words derived from Greek roots, 'denoting the first in a series or the highest in rank. protoalbumose (pro-to-al'bu-moz). Protalbumose. pro'toblast [G. protos, first, -t- blastos, germ.] A naked cell, one without a condensed ectoplasm; an embryonic cell. PROTOBLASTIC 822 PROTOVERTEBRA protoblas'tic. Relating to a protoblast; holoblastic. protobrochal (pro-to-bro'kal) [G. protos, first, + brochos, mesh.] Noting the first stage in the development of the ova in which the cortex of the ovary is formed of a layer of epithelial cells with nuclei elongated at right angles to the sur- face, the oogonia. protocaryon (pro-to-kar'J-on) [G. protos, first, + karyon, nut, kernel.] A nucleus consisting of a single caryosome lying in a delicate network of linin immersed in the enchylema. protochloride (pro-to-klo'rid, or rid). The first of a series of chlorine compounds, the one containing the fewest chlorine atoms. pro'tocol [G. protokollon, from protos, first, + kollao, I paste; a label or sheet pasted on the outside of a roll of manuscript, serving as a title- page or indication of the contents.] 1. The official minutes or report of a meeting. 2. The description of the steps of an experiment. 3. A clinical report, protocone (pro'to-kon) [G. protos, first, + konos, cone.] The mesiobuccal cusp of an upper pre- molar tooth in a mammal. protoconid (pro"to-kon'id). The mesiobuccal cusp of a lower premolar tooth" in a mammal. protocurarine (pro-to-ku-rah'ren). An alkaloid, said to be extracted from curare, exhibiting the poisoning qualities of the drug in very active form. protoelastose (pro-to-e-las'toz). Hemielastin. protoerythrocyte (pro-to-er'i-thro-sit) [G protos, first, + erythrocyte.'] A primitive erythroblast with trachychromatic nucleus. protofluorine (pro-to-flu'o-ren) . One of Nichol- son's protyles. protogala (pro-tog'S-lah) [G. protos, first, + gala, milk,] Colostrum. protogas'ter [G. protos, first, -1- gaster, belly.] Proso- gaster, foregut. pro'togen. A yellow powder obtained by the action of formaldehyde upon egg albumin ; recommended as a concentrated food product. protoglob'ulose. A product of the hydrolysis or digestion of a globulin. protogon'ocyte [G. protos, first, + E. gonocyte.] The stem-cell, one of the two cells formed by division of the impregnated ovum. protogon'oplasm [G. protos, first, + gonos, seed, -I- plasma, a thing formed.] A differentiated mass of cytoplasm in a protozoon, which forms the substance of later developing gemmules. protogyny (pro-toj'I-nl) [G. protos, first, -I- gyne, woman.] Maturity of the female elements in an hermaphrodite flower before the male elements. protoiodide (pro-to-i'o-did, or did). Protiodide. protoleucoc3rte (pro-to-lu'ko-sit) [G. protos, first, + leuhos, white, + kytos, cell.] A primitive leuco- cyte; a lymphocyte of the bone-marrow. protomerite (pro-tom'er-it) [G. protos, first, -f- meros, part.C] The anterior portion of a cephalont by which it is attached to its host. protometrocyte (pro-to-me'tro-sit) [G. protos first, + meter, mother, + kytos, cell.] The mother cell of the protoleucocyte and protoerythrocyte, or of the cells of the leucocyte and hemoglobin series. protomyosinose (pro-to-mi'o-sin-oz). Au albumose formed in the digestion of muscular tissue. pro'ton [G. protos, first.] The 'first trace of the for- mation of any part or organ in the embryo; an- lage, primordium. protoneph'ron, protoneph'ros [G. protos, first, -I- nephros, kidney.] The primitive embryonic kidney. Wolffian body. protonuclein (pro-to-nu'kle-in). Trade name of a nuclein preparation derived from lymphoid tissue. protopath'ic [G. protos, first, + pathos, suffering.] Noting a set or system of peripheral sensory nerve-fibers furnishing a low degree of sensibility, enabling one to appreciate pain and temperature to a not very delicate extent, and not definitely localized; distinguished from epicritic* Protoph'yta [G. protos, first, -f phyton, plant.] A group of the lowest orders of the vegetable kingdom, including the bacteria. protophyte (pro'to-fit). One of the Protophyta. pro'topine [G. protos, first, + opion, opium.] An alkaloid obtained in minute quantities from the mother liquor of morphine, C20H17NOB, a white crystalline powder. pro'toplasm [G. protos, first, + plasma, thing formed.] Living matter, the substance of which animal and vegetable tissues are formed. Undifferen- tiated protoplasm is a clear, viscid, colloidal fluid, of a specific gravity of about 1.250, resem- bling the white of egg, composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, and a number of other elements, in complex and unstable com- bination. It is subject to change, or differentia- tion, of the most varied sorts, forming epithelium, bone, muscle, nervous structures, glands, etc. It contains always 12 and sometimes more ele- ments; the 12 essential elements are: calcium, carbon, chlorine, hydrogen, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, so- dium, and sulphur. Other names for protoplasm are sarcode, bioplasm, biogen, cytoplasm, supe- rior p., ergastoplasma. protoplasmat'ic, protoplas'mic. Relating to proto- plasm. pro'toplast [G. protos, first, -I- plastos, formed.] i. The first individual of a type or race. 2. A protozoon or unicellular organism. 3. A dif- ferentiated area of cytoplasm, supposed to have a special function such as digestion. protoproteose (pro-to-pro'te-oz) [G. protos, first.] Primary proteose, soluble in water, resembling native protein more nearly than peptone. protosalt (pro'to-sawlt). The first of a series of compounds of an acid and a base, the one con- taining the largest number of acid molecules relatively to the base; a salt of an acid with a metallic protoxide. pro'tose. Trade name of a food preparation. protospasm (pro'to-spazm) [G. protos, first, -|- spasmos, spasm. A spasm beginning in one limb or one muscle and gradually becoming more general. protosul'phate. A compound of sulphuric acid with a protoxide of the metal. protosyphills (pro-to-sif'ii-lis) [G. prStos, first.] Primary syphilis. prototox'in. A hypothetical form of toxin in bacterial cultures possessing lethal properties and a very strong affinity for antitoxin. prototox'oid, protox'oid [G. protos, -first.] A hypo- thetical substance in a bacterial culture, non- poisonous, but with a stronger affinity than toxin for antitoxin. prototroph'ic [G. protos, first, -p trophe, nourish- ment.] Deriving sustenance from inorganic materials; most plants are prototrophic; see metatrophic, paratrophic. pro'totype [G. protos, first, + typos, type.] The primitive form, the first form to which subse- quent individuals of the class or species conform. protover'tebra. A primitive vertebra or segment in the notochord ; somite, metamere. l-KU 1 U V JiKT KB R AL, 823 PROZYGOSIS protover'tebral. Relating to a protovertebra, as a p. somite or p. segment, meaning the same as protovertebra. protox'ide. The first of a series of oxides, the one containing the fewest oxygen atoms. protoz'oid. Prototoxoid. Protozoa (pro-to-zo'ah) [G. protos, first, + zoom, animal.] A subkingdom of animals, including all the unicellular animal organisms. They consist of a single cell or of an aggregation of non-differentiated cells, loosely held together and not forming tissues; distinguished from the Metazoa which include all other animals. The Protozoa are divided into four classes: Sarcodina,Mastigophora,Sporozoa,andInfusoria. protozo'al. Relating to Protozoa. protozo'an. i. Protozoal. 2. A protozoon. protozoologist (pro-to-zo-ol'o-jist). One versed in protozoology protozoology (pro-to-zo-ol'o-il) [G. protos, first, + «oo«, animal, + -logia.] The science which treats of the Protozoa. protozoon (pro-to-zo'on). An individual of the Protozoa, a unicellular animal, protozoan. protozoophag, protozoophage (pro-to-zo'o-fag, or faj) [protozoon + phagipcyte).'] A phagocyte which ingests protozoa. protrac'tor [L. protrahere, to draw forth.] i. An instnunent for extracting a, bullet from - a wound. 2. A muscle drawing a part forward, as antagonistic to a retractor. protrude (pro-triid') [L. protrudere, to push for- ward, to thrust out.] To project, to push out- ward or forward. protrusion (pro-tru'zhun) [L. protrudere, pp. pro- trusus, to push forward.] i. Pushing forward or out. 2. A projection. protryp'sin. Trypsinogen. protu'berance [L. protuberare, to swell out.] An outgrowth, a swelling, a knob. protuberantia (pro-tu-ber-an'shl-ah) [L.] Protub- erance, prominence, projection, p. larynge'a, prominentia laryngea [BNA], Adam's apple, p. menta'lis [BNA], mental protuberance, mental prominence or process, a rough triangular promi- nence at the lower portion of the symphysis or central ridge of the mandible, p. occipita'lis exter'na [BNA], external occipital protuberance, a prominence about the center of the outer sur- face of the squamous portion of the occipital bone, giving attachment to the ligamentum nucha, p. occipita'lis inter'na [BNA], internal occipital protuberance, a projection from about the center of the inner surface of the occipital bone. protyle (pro-tile) [G. protos, first, + hyle, stuff.] Original or primitive matter; the hypothetical substance from which all matter is ultimately derived, archyle, psychoplasm. Nicholson as- sumes that all the elements are built up from four protyles — coronium, hydrogen, nebulium, and protofluorine. pro'tylin. Trade name of a phosphorus-containing albuminous preparation, used in the treatment of goiter. proud flesh. Exuberant granulations; a fungous growth from a granulating surface which shows no tendency toward cicatrization. prove. In homeopathy, to test the action of a drug upon a healthy person in order to obtain the therapeutic range of the same. provertebra (pro-vur'te-brah) [L. pro, in front, -f- vertebra.] Protovertebra, metamere. proving (proo'ving). In homeopathy, a test of the action of a drug upon the healthy body ; a record of all the imusual sensations, or deviations from normal health, experienced by one taking the drug. provisional (pro-vizh'un-al) [L. providere; to pro- vide.] Temporary, providing for the present only. p. callus, the callus formed around a bone, and sometimes in the medullary cavity, after a fracture, which is absorbed after union has occurred. Prowazek's bod'ies (pro-vat'sek) [Stanislas Josef Mathias von Prowazek, German protozoologist, 1876-1915.] Oblong formations, usually con- sisting of two corpuscles, found in the cells of the smallpox eruption and in Guamieri's bodies. Prowazek-Greef bod'y (pro-vaht'sek-graf) [S. J. M. V. Prowazek; Carl Richard Greef, German ophthal- mologist, *i862.] Trachoma* body. Prowazekia (pro-va,-ze'ki-ah) [see Prowazek's bodies.] A genus of flagellate protozoans, form- erly included under the term Bodo; the organ- isms are parasitic but not, so far as known, pathogenic. prox'imad [L. proximus, next, + ad, to.] In a di- rection toward a proximal part, or toward the center, not distad. prox'imal [L. proximalis.] i. Nearest the trunk or the point of origin, said of part of an extremity, of an artery or a nerve, etc., so situated; in den- tistry, mesial; opposed to distal. 2. In dental anatomy, noting the surface of a tooth in rela- tion with its neighbor, whether mesial or distal. prox'imate. 1. Immediate, next, proximal (2). p. con'tact. touching of the adjacent surfaces of two teeth, p, prin'ciples, organic substances entering into the formation of living matter; those of the animal body are various proteins, albuminoids, fats, and carbohydrates, which, in conjunction with each other and with certain minerals, inor- ganic salts, and water, constitute the various tissues. proximoataxia (proks" i-mo-5-taks'i-ah) [L. proxi- mus, nearest + G. ataxia.] Ataxia or lack of muscular coordination in the proximal portions of the extremities — arms and forearms, thighs and legs; opposed to acroataxia.* proximobucc'al. Mesiobuccal, relating to the proximal and buccal surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. prozimola'bial. Mesiolabial, relating to the proxi- mal and labial surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. proximolin'gual. Mesiolingual, relating to the proximal and lingual surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. pTOximobucc'al. Relating to the proximal and buccal surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. proximola'bial. Relating to the proximal and labial surfaces of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. proximolin'gual. Relating to the proximal and lingual surfaces Of a tooth, noting the angle formed by their junction. prozo'nal. Anterior to a sclerozone. prozone (pro'zon) [L. pro, before, in front.] In the phenomenon of agglutination, the layer of con- centrated serum, in which agglutination is absent, preceding that of more dilute serum in which the action takes place. prozygosis (pro-zi-go'sis) [G. pro, before, -|- eygosis, a yoking.] Syncephaly. , PROZYMOGEN 824 PSEUD ELMINTH prozy'mogen. A graniilar substance within the nucleus which, upon discharge into the cytoplasm, becomes converted into zymogen. prune [L. prunum, a plum.] A dried plum, prunum.* prune-juice expectora'tion, A dark reddish purple fluid matter expectorated in certain cases o£ pneumonia. Prune'lla. The herb. Prunella vulgaris, heal-all, a. plant of the Labiatce, or mint-family, having slightly astringent and tonic properties. pru'ni virginia'nae cor'tex (Br.). Wild cherry bark, prunus virginiana (U.S.). pru'nin, A substance made by evaporation from the tincture of Prunus seroiina, wild cherry; employed in eclectic practice in the treatment of bronchial affections and in palpitation of the heart in doses of gr. 2-8 (o . 13-0 . 5). pru'noids. Trade name of a laxative preparation, in tablet form, composed of phenolphthalein, cascara sagrada, de-emetinized ipecac, and prunes. pru'num [L.] ( N.F., Br.) Prune the dried ripe fruit of Prunus domestica, a tree cultivated in warm temperate regions; employed as a food, having laxative properties, and used in medicine in preparing the confection of senna. Pru'nus. A genus of trees of the order Rosacete. P. amyg'dalus, almond. P. cer'asus, cherry. P. domes'tica, plum. P. laurocer'asus, cherry- laurel. P. per'sica, peach. P. serot'ina, wild cherry, prunus* virginiana. P. spino'sa, aloe or blackthorn. pru'nus virginia'na (U.S.). Wild cherry bark, pruni virginianae cortex (Br.), the bark of Prunus sero- iina; employed as a tonic and in cough mixtures as a bronchial sedative, in doses of gr. 20-30 (1.3-2.0). pruriginous (pru-rij'in-us) [L. pruriginosus, having the itch.] Relating to or suffering from prurigo. pruri'go [L. prurire, to itch.] A chronic disease of the skin marked by a persistent eruption of pap- ules which itch intensely, p. aestiva'lls [L. cbsUvus, relating to summer], summer p., a form recurring each summer, and very severe as long as the hot weather continues; pruritus asstivalis. p. a'gria [G. agrios, wild], a very severe form of p. with intense itching, resulting in the addition of deep scratch marks to the papular lesions, p. fe'rox [L. wild, cruel], p. agria. p. mitis, a mild form of p. p. simplex, a mild form having a pronoimced tendency to relapse. prurit'ic. Itching; relating to pruritus. pruri'tus [L. an itching, prurire, to itch.] Itching. bath p., itching produced by contact with cold water, essen'tial p., itching not dependent upon any apparent lesion of the skin. p. aestiva'Iis, summer itch, pruritus occurring during hot weather; usually associated with prickly heat, then called prurigo sestivalis. p. a'ni, more or less intense itching at the anus, occurring in paroxysms and iinassociated with apparent lesions other than those produced by scratching. p. hiema'lis, winter itch ; pruritus, occurring with- out other lesions, during the cold months, p. seni'lis, senile pruritus, itching associated with degenerative changes in the skin in the aged. p. TUl'vsB, an essential p. of the external female genital organs, symptomat'ic p., itching occur- ring as a symptom of some general disorder, such as gout or rheumatism, jaundice, gastroenteric disturbances, etc. Prus'sak's fi'bera [Alexander Prussak, Russian otologist, 1839-1897.] Elastic and connective- tissue fibers bounding Shrapnell's membrane. P.'s pouch or space, a recess in the mucous mem- brane on the tympanic surface of the drum mem- brane, between the membrana flaccida and the neck of the malleus ; recessus membranae tympani superior [BNA]. Pruss'ian-blue. Ferri ferrocyanidum. pruss'iate. A ferricyanide or ferrocyanide. prussicacid (pru'sik as'id) [referring to Prussian blue.] Hydrocyanic acid, see under acidum. psalis (sa'lis) [G. an arch.] Fornix cerebri. psalterial (sal-te'ri-al). Relating to the psalterium. psalterium (sahl-ta'rJ-oom) [G. psalterion, harp.] 1. Lyra, commissura* hippocampi [BNA]. 2. Omasum, many-plies.* psammocarcinoma (sam"o-kar-si-no'mah) [G. psammos, sand.] A carcinoma containing areas of calcareous degeneration. psammoma, pi. psammo^mata (sam-mo'mah) [psammos, sand, + ~dm.a.'\ A small endothelioma of the cerebral meninges, often multiple, which has undergone calcareous degeneration. psain"inosarco'ma. A sarcoma-like growth with a center of calcareous degeneration. psammother'apy (sam"o-ther'a-pI) [G. psammos, sand, + iherapeia, treatment.] The use of the sand bath in the treatment of certain rhetunatic and other diseases, ammotherapy. psammous (sam'us) [G. psammos, sand.] Sandy. pselaphesia (se-li-fe'sl-ah) [G. pselaphesis, a touch- ing.] The higher tactile sense, including the muscle sense. pselaphesis (se-13,-fe'sis). Pselaphesia. psellism (sel'izm) [G. psellismos, a stammering.] Stammering, mispronunciation or substitution of letter soxmds. pseud-. See pseudo-. pseudaconitine (su-dS-konl-ten). An alkaloid, C36H49NO1J, from Aconilum ferox, called also British or Nepaul aconitine; a yellowish amor- phous powder, exceedingly poisonous, dose gr. tiW-bIt (0.00005-0.0001). pseudacousma (su-dS-kooz'mah) [G. pseudes, false + akousma, something heard.] Pseudacusis. pseudacromegaly (su-dak-ro-meg'al-i). Enlarge- . ment of the extremities and face, not associated with disease of the hypophysis cerebri. pseudactinomycosis (su-dak"ti-no-mi-ko'sis). Pul- monary tuberculosis in which the sputum con- tains forms resembling actinomyces. pseudacusis (su-dS-ku'sis) [G. pseudes, false, + akousis, a hearing.] Incorrect hearing, a hearing of sounds as if they were altered in pitch. pseudaesthesia (su-des-the'zi-ah). Pseudesthesia. pseudagraphia (su-dS-grafl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, -I- o- priv. -t- graphs, a writing,] Partial agraphia in which one. can do no original writing, but can copy correctly. pseudalbuminuria (su-dal-bu-min-u'ri-ah). Cyclic albuminuria. pseudangina (su-dan'ji-nah) [G. pseudis, false, + L. angina, a strangling.] Angina vasomotoria. pseudankylosls (su-dan-kl-lo'sis). False ankylosis, fibrous ankylosis. pseudaphia (su-dafl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, + haphe, a touch.] Paraphia, incorrect perception of touch. pseudarthritis (su-dar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. pseudes, false, + arihron, joint, + -itis.] Hysterical or neuromimetic disease of the joints. pseudarthrosis (su-dar-thro'sis) [G. pseudes, false, -I- arthrosis, a jointing.] A false joint, motion in the shaft of a long bone between the two ends, following an ununited fracture. pseudelminth (su-del'minth) [G. pseudls, false, -I- PSEUDELMINTH 82s PSEUDOFRACTURE helmins (helminth-), worm.] Anything having the appearance of an intestinal worm. pseudencephalus (su-den-sefi-lus) [G. pseudes, false, + enhephalos, brain.] A monster with fissured skull and spinal column in which the brain is absent, the cranium being fiUed with a vascular fleshy tumor of the meninges. pseudesthesia, pseudaesthesia (su-des-the'zl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, + aisthesis, sensation.] i. Pseu- daphia. 2. A subjective sensation not arising from an external stimulus. 3. A sensation referred, after an amputation, to the absent member. pseudiater (su-dl-a'ter) [G. pseudes, false, + iairos, physician.] A charlatan, a quack. pseudinoma (su-di-no'mah) [G. pseudes, false, + is{in), fiber, + -oma.] i. An indurated swelling resembling a fibroma. 2. A scirrhous tumor. pseudo- (su'do) [G. psetides, false.] A prefix denot- ing a resemblance, often deceptive, to the thing indicated by the second element of the compound. Before a vowel it is usually contracted to pseud-. pseudoaconitine (su-do-3.-kon1-ten). Pseudaconi- tine. pseudoactinomycosis (su"do-ak-ti-no-mi-ko'sis) [G. pseudes, false.] A ' nocardiosis caused by any species of Nocardia not producing grains in the pus. pseudoalbuminuria (su-do-al-bu-min-u'ri-ah). Pseu- dalbumiinuria. pseu"doalope'cia area'ta. A form of alopecia follic- ularis in which the inflammatory manifestations are confined to a slight swelling of a pinkish hue at the mouths of the affected hair-follicles. pseudoalveolar (su-do-al-ve'o-lar). Resembling al- veolar tissue. pseudoanemia, pseudoanaemia (su-do-S.-ne'mi-ah) [G. pseudes, false.] Pallor of the skin and mucous membranes without the blood signs of anemia. pseudoangina (su-do-an'ji-nah). Pseudangina. pseudoanorezia (su-do-an-o-rek'si-ah) [G. pseudes, false, H- an- priv. -I- orexis, appetite.] Refusal to eat because of pain in swallowing or indigestion. pseudoapoplezy (su-do-ap'o-plex-sl). Serous apo- plexy or other condition simulating apoplexy, not due to cerebral hemorrhage. pseudoappendicitis (su-do-a-pen-dl-si'(se')tis). A sjrmptom-complex simulating appendicitis with- out inflammation of the appendix. pseudoaprazia (su-do-3,-prak'sl-ah). A condition of exaggerated awkwardness in which the person makes wrong use of objects. pseudoasthina (su-do-as'mah). Dyspnea. pseudoatazia (su"do-a-tak'sI-ah). A condition of ataxia not due to tabes dorsalis. pseudobacillus (su-do-bi-sil'us). Any microscopic object, such as a pecilocyte, resembling a bacillus. pseudobacterium (su-do-bak-te'ri-um). Any micro- scopic object resembling a bacUlus or other bac- terial form. pseudoblepsia, pseudoblepsis (su-do-blep'sl-ah, su- do-blep'sis) [G. pseudes, false, -t- blepsis, vision.] Parablepsia, pseudopsia; perverted vision, false vision. pseudobulbar (su-do-bul'bar). Noting a paralysis of seemingly, but not actually, bulbar origin. pseudocartilaginous (su-do-kar-tl-laj'in-us). Com- posed of a substance resembling cartilage in texture. . pseudocele (su'do-sel) [G. pseudes, false, + kotha, cavity.] The fifth ventricle of the brain, cavum septi pellucidi [BNA]. pseudochalazion (su-do-kal-a'zl-on). A small tumor of the eyelid resembling a chalazion. pseudochancre (su-do-shang'ker). A non-specific indurated sore on the penis resembling a chancre. pseudochorea (su-do-ko-re'ah). A spasmodic affec- tion or extensive tic resembling chorea. pseudochromesthesia, pseudochromsesthesia (su-do- krom-es-the'sl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, -¥ chroma, color, -t- aisthesis, sensation.] An anomaly in which each vowel in the printed word is seen as colored. pseudochromhidrosis (su-do-kro-mi-dro'sis) [G. pseudes, false, -I- chroma, color, 4- hidros, sweat.] The presence of pigment on the skin in association with sweating, but due to the local action of pig- ment-forming bacteria and not to the excretion of colored sweat. pseudochromosome (su-do-kro'mo-some) , [G. pseu- des, false, + chroma, color, -f- soma, body.] One of the rods of mitochondria formed during the process of maturation of the oocyte. pseudochylous (su-do-ki'lus). Resembling chyle. pseudocirrhosis (su-do-sl-ro'sis). A condition sim- ulating cirrhosis of the liver, cardiac liver. pseudocodeine (su-do-ko'de-en). A substance formed by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on codeine. pseudocoele (su'do-sel). Pseudocele. pseudocolloid (su-do-kol'oyd). A colloid-like or mucoid substance found in ovarian cysts, in the lips in Ford'yce's disease, and elsewhere. pseudocoloboma (su-do-kol-o-bo'mah). An apparent coloboma, due to heterochromia of the iris. pseudocrisis (su-do-kri'sis). A temporary fall of the temperature in pnetraionia or other disease usually ending by crisis. pseudocroup (su-do-kroop'). Catarrhal croup; lar- jTigismus stridulus. pseudocurarin (su-do-ku'ra-rin). A glucoside, re- sembling digitalin, obtained from oleander. pseudocyesis (su-do-si-e'sis) [G. pseudes, false, -I- kyesis, pregnancy.] False or spurious pregnancy ; a condition in which some of the signs of preg- nancy are present although no conception has taken place. pseudocylindroid (su"do-sil'in-droyd). A shred of mucus or other substance in the urine resembling a renal cast. pseudocyst (su'do-sist) [G. pseudes, false, + kysiis, bladder.] A false cyst, a fluid accumulation simulating a cyst, but without a capsule. pseudodementia (su-do-de-men'shl-ah). A condition of exaggerated indifference to one 's surroundings without actual mental impairment. pseudodiastolic (su-do-di-as-tol'ik). Seemingly associated with the cardiac diastole. pseudodiphtheria (su"do-dif-the'ri-ah). Diphtheroid. pseudodysenteiy (su-do-dis'en-ter-i). The occur- rence of symptoms indistinguishable from those of bacillary dysentery, caused by dietetic errors, a chiU, intestinal worms, or. other causes other than the presence of the specific microorganisms. pseudoedema, pseudooedema (su"do-e-de'ma) [G. pseudes, false, + oidema, a swelling.] A puffiness of the skin not due to a fluid accumulation. pseudoeiysipelas (su-do-er-i(-sip'e-las). Erysipeloid. pseudoesthesia, pseudoaesthesia (su-do-es-the'zi-ah). Pseudesthesia. pseudofibrin (su-do-fi'brin). A substance obtained by the precipitation of fibrinogen by sodium chloride, parafibrinogen. pseudofluctuation (su-do-fluk-chu-a'shon). A wave- like sensation, resembling fluctuation, obtained by tapping muscular tissue. pseudofracture (su-do-frak'chur). Spontaneous fracture. PSEUDOGANGLION 826 PSEUDOMUCIN pseudoganglion (su-do-gang'gli-on). A localized thickening of a nerve-trunk having the appear- ance of a ganglion. pseudoglobulin (su-do-glob'u-lin). The portion of globulin which remains in solution after as muclj as possible has been precipitated by dialysis. pseudogonorrhea, pseudogonorrhcea (su-do-gon-o- re'ah). Catarrhal urethritis. pseudogeusia (su-do-ju'sl-ah). A subjective taste sensation not produced by an external stimulus. pseudogeusesthesia, pseudogeusssthesia (su"do-ju- ses-the'zi-ah) [G. pseudes, false, -I- geusis, taste, + aisthesis, sensation.] A form of synesthesia in which a subjective sensation of light or color is produced by stimulation of the sense of taste. pseudoglioma (su-do-gli-o'mah). A form of irido- chorioiditis in which changes occur in the vitreous producing a resemblance to retinal glioma. pseudoglucosazone (su-do-glu-ko'sa-zon). A sub- stance sometimes present in normal urine which gives a reaction in the phenylhydrazine test. pseudogonococcus (su-do-gon-o-kok'us). A diplo- coccus, resembling morphologically the gonococ- cuF, found in the normal urethra and in non- specific discharges. pseudohemoglobin (su"do-hem-o-glo'bin). A com- bination of oxygen and hemoglobin, intermediate between hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. pseudohemoptysis (su-do-hem-op'tl-sis). Spitting of blood which does not come from the lungs or bronchial tubes. pseudohydrophobia (su-do-hi-dro-foTjI-ah). Lys- sophobia. pseudohermaphroditism (su-do-her-ma-frod'it-izm.) . The usual form of so-called hermaphroditism in which the individual is distinctly of one sex though having superficial characteristics of both. pseudohemia (su-do-her'ni-ah). Inflammation of the scrotal tissues or of an inguinal gland, simu- lating a strangulated hernia. pseudoheterotopia (su-do-het-er-o-to'pl-ah) [G. pseu- des, false, + heieros, other, + topos, place.] A seeming displacement of certain tissues seen at autopsy; it is really an artefact. pseudohydronephrosis (su-do-hi"dro-ne-fro'sis). The presence of a cyst near the kidney simulating hydronephrosis. pseudohyoscyamine (su-do-hi-6-si'am-en). An al- kaloid, CijHjjNOs, occurring along with hyos- cyamine and hyoscine in duboisia, the leaf of Duboisia myoporoides, a tree of Australia. pseudohypertrophic (su-do-hi-per-trof'ik). Relat- ing to or marked by pseudohypertrophy. pseudohypertrophy (su"do-hi-per'trof-J) [G. pseudesi false, + hyper, over, + trophe, nourishment.] False hypertrophy; increase in size of an organ or a part, due not to increase in size or number of the specific functional elements but to that of some other tissue) fatty or fibrous. pseudoileus (su-do-il'e-us). Absolute obstipation, simulating ileus, due to paralysis of the intestinal wall. pseudoinfluenza (su-do-in-flu-en'zah). An epidemic catarrh simulating influenza, but less severe. pseudojaundice (su-do-jawn'dis). Pseudoicterus. pseudolcterus (su-do-ik'ter-us). Discoloration of the skin not due to the bile pigments, as in Addison's disease. pseudoisochromatic (su"do-i"so-kro-mat'ik). Ap- parently of the same color; noting certain charts containing colored spots mixed with figures printed in confusion colors; used in testing for color blindness. pseudoleucemia, pseudoleucsemia (su-do-lu- se'mi-ah) [G. pseudes, false, -I- Uucemia.\ A disease marked by enlargement of the spleen and of the lymph nodes, the most prom- inent characteristic of which is a progressive pernicious anemia; it is believed by many to be usually of tuberculous origin; Hodgkin's disease, pseudoleukemia, aleucemia. in'fantile p., Jaksch's* disease, lymphat'ic p., p. without apparent participation of the spleen in the morbid process, myelog'enous p., myelo- matosis, p. cu'tis, the occurrence of lesions of various forms of the skin in cases of pseudo- leucemia. pseudoleukemia, pseudoleukemia (su-do-lu-ke'ml- ah). Hodgkin's disease, pseudoleucemia. pseudoleucocythemia, pseudoleucocythasmia (su-do- lu"ko-si-the'mI-ah) . Pseudoleucemia. pseudolipoma (su-do-li-po'mah). Any circum- scribed yielding swelling resembling a fatty tumor. pseudologia phantastica (su-do-lo'ji-ah fan-tas'tl- kah). The writing of anonymous letters to one- self, to persons of prominence, etc., by sufferers from pronounced hysteria. pseudolupus (su-do-lu'pus). A dermatomycosis, resembling lupus but not of tuberculous origin. pseudolymphocyte (su-do-lim'fo-sit). A small neu- trophile leucocyte. pseudolyssa (su"do-lis'sah). Lyssophobia. pseudomalaria (su-do-mal-a'ri-ah). A disease marked by recurring chills, fever, and sweats, of septic or other non-malarial origin. pseudomamma (su-do-mam'ah). A glandular struc- ture resembling the mammary gland, occurring in dermoid cysts. pseudomania (su-do-ma'ni(-ah). Pretended insanity. pseudomelanosis (su-do-mel-an-o'sis) [G. pseudes, false, + melas, black, -f -osis.'] A dark greenish or blackish post-mortem discoloration of the surface of the abdominal viscera, due to the action of sulphureted hydrogen upon the iron of disintegrated hemoglobin. pseudomembrane (su-do-mem'bran) [G. pseudes, false.] False membrane, a fibrinous exudate forming a tough felt-like membrane on the sur- face of the skin or a mucous membrane. pseudomembranous (su-do-mem'bran-us). Relating to or marked by the presence of a false membrane. p. enteri'tis, mucomembranous or mucous enteritis.* pseudomenrngitis (su-do-men-in-ji'(je')tis). Menin- gism. pseudometaplasia (su-do-met-S-pla'sI-ah) [G. pseu- des, false, -t- metaplasia.] Histological accommo- dation.* pseudomnesia (su-dom-ne'zl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, -t- WKeiis, memory.] False memory, a subjective impression of memory of events that have not occurred. Pseudomonas (su-dom'o-nas). A genus of Bacteria- ce glutaea; 96, analis; 97. femoris posterior^ 98, genu posterior; 99, poplitea; 100, cruris posterior; loi, suralis; 102, cruris lateralis; 103, retromalleolaris lateralis; 104, malleolaris lateralis; PSEUDOMUCIN 827 PSEUDOTROPINE in certain cysts, especially of the ovary; unlike mucin, it is freely soluble in water. pseudomus'cular hyper'trophy. See under hyper- trophy. pseudomyxoma (su-do-miks-o'mah). A tumor con- taining mucoid or colloid matter introduced ac- cidentally by the rupture of a neighboring mucous cyst. p. peritone'i, the presence of colloid matter, from a. ruptured ovarian cyst, in the peritoneal cavity. pseudonarcotic (su-do-nar-kot'ik). Inducing sleep by reason of a sedative effect, but not directly narcotic. pseudonarcotism (su-do-nar'ko-tizm). Stupor of hysterical nature, not induced by drugs. pseudonavicella (su-do-nav-I-sel'ah) [G. pseudes, false, + L. navicella, dim. of navis, ship.] The spore of a gregarine, so called becausfe of its resemblance to a diatom of the genus Navicella. pseudoneoplasm (su-do-ne'o-plazm) [G. pseudes, false, + neos, new, + plasma, a thing formed.] An enlargement of non-neoplastic character which clinically resembles a true neoplasm so closely as often to be mistaken for such. i. Phantom tumor. 2. A circumscribed fibrous exudate of inflammatory origin, temporary in character. pseudoneuroma (su-do-nu-ro'ma). A tumor on a nerve-trunk which contains no nerve substance, false neuroma. pseudonuclein (su-do-nuTile-in). A conjugated protein yielding, on hydrolysis, a protein and orthophosphoric acid. pseudonucleolus (su"-do-nu-kle'o-lus) [G. pseudes, false, -I- nucleolus-l One of the points of inter- section of the chromatin network. pseudonystagmus (su"do-nis-tag'mus). Sympto- matic nystagmus, occurring in various diseases of the nervous system. pseudoosteomalacia (su-do - os"te - o - mal - a'sl - ah) . Rachitic softening of bone. pseudoosteomalacic (su - do - os'te - o - mal - a'sik). Marked by pseudoosteomalacia. p. pelvis, a deformed pelvis similar to that produced by osteomalacia, but actually of rachitic causation. pseudoparalysis (su - do - par - al'I - sis). Apparent paralysis due to voluntary inhibition of motion because of pain, to incoordination, or other cause, but without actual paralysis, arthrit'ic gen'eral p., a disfease, occurring in arthritic subjects, having symptoms resembling those of general paresis,* the lesions of which consist of diffuse changes of a degenerative and non-inflammatory character due to intracranial atheroma, congen'- ital aton'ic p., amyotonia congenita. pseudoparaplegia (su"do-par-3,-ple'jI-ah). Apparen- paralysis in the lower extremities, in which the tendon and skin reflexes and the electrica Reac- tions are normal; the condition is sometimes observed in rickets. pseudoparasite (su-do-par'S-sit). A commensal. pseudoparesis (su-do-par'e-sis) . i. Pseudoparalysis. 2. A condition marked by the papillary changes, tremors, and speech disturbances suggestive of early paresis, in which however, the serological tests are negative. pseudopelletierine (su"do-pel-et'er-en). An alkaloid, C,H,6N0.2H20, contained in pomegranate bark; granatonine, pseudopunicine. pseudopeptone (su-do-pep'ton). A mucoid sub- stance in white of egg. pseudopericardial (su-do-per-I-kar'dl-al). Wrongly appearing to be related to the pericardium. pseudoperitonitis (su-do-per-J-ton-i'(e')tis). Peri- tonism. pseudophlegmon (su-do-fleg'mon). A non-inflam- matory circumscribed redness of the skin, due to a lesion of the nerves supplying the part. pseudophotesthesia, pseudophotsesthesia (su-do-fo- tes-the'sl-ah) [G. pseudes, false, + phosiphot-), light, -t- aisihesis, sensation.] Photism, a form of synesthesia in which a subjective sensation of light is produced by a stimulus to one of the other sense organs, whether of touch, taste, hearing, or smell. pseudophthisis (su-do-ti'(te')sis). A disease resembling pulmonary tuberculosis, but not of tuberculous origin. . pseudoplasm (su'do-plazm). Phantom tumor. pseudoplegia (su-do-ple'ji-ah) [G. pseudes, false, + plege, a stroke.] Pseudoapoplexy. pseudopneumococcus (su-do-nu- mo-kok'us). A diplococcus resembling somewhat the pneumo- coccus, but larger. pseudopod (su'do-pod). Pseudopodium. pseudopodiospore (su-do-po'd!-o-spor). Amoebula, pseudopodium (su-do-po'dl-um) [G. pseudes, false. + pous(pod-), foot.] A temporary protoplasmic process, of variable size and shape, put forth^by a protozoan for purposes of locomotion or for the prehension of food. pseudoporencephalia (su-do - por - en - sS - fall - ah). The presence of the lesions of porencephalia without marked symptoms. pseudopsia (su-dop'sJ-ah). Pseudoblepsia. pseudopteiygium (su-do-ter-ij'i-um). Scar-pteryg- ium, a pterygium of irregular shape following diphtheria, a bum, or other injury of the conjunc- tiva; pterygoid (2). pseudoptosis (su-do-to'sis). False ptosis, bleph- arochalasis. pseudopunicine (su-do - pu'nl - sen) . Pseudopelle- tierine, see also punicine. pseudorabies (su-do-ra'bi-ez). Lyssophobia. pseudoreaction (su-do-re-ak'shun). A false reac- tion, one not due to specific causes in a given test ; such, for example, as the formation of a cloud in the urine, on the addition of nitric acid, not caused by the precipitation of albumin. pseudorrheumatism (su-do- ru'm^-tizm). Rheuma- toid arthritis, or other similar condition pseudoscarlatina (su-do-skar-lS-te'nah). A reddish eruption accompanied by fever, due to food poisoning or sepsis. pseudosclerosis (su"do-skle-ro'sis) [G. pseudes, false + sklerosis, hardening.] i. Inflammatory in- duration or fatty or other infiltration simulating fibrous thickening. 2. Westphal's neurosis, hysteria characterized by the symptoms, except nystagmus, of multiple spinal sclerosis, but with- out the anatomical changes of this disease. pseudosmia (su-doz'ml-ah). A subjective sensation of an odor that is not present. pseudostoma (su-dos'to-mah) [G. pseudes, false, -1- stoma, mouth.] An apparent opening in a cell, membrane, or other tissue, due to a defect, in staining or other cause. pseudostructure (su"do-struk'chur) [G. pseudes, false.] Reticular substance* (i). pseudotabes (su-do-ta'bez). Pseudataxia. pseudotrichiniasis (su-do-tri-kin-i'-a-sis) [G. pseudes, false.] Multiple myositis.* pseudotrichinosis (su-do-tri-kin-o'sis). Pseudo- trichiniasis. pseudotropine (su-do-tro'pen). i. An isomer of tropine. 2. Oscine. PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS 828 PSYCHASTHENIA pseudotuberculosis (su"do - tu - ber - ku - lo'sis) [G. pseudes, false.] A disease characterized anatom- ically by the production of tubercles, but not due to the presence of Bacillus tuberculosis. pseudotumor (su-do-tu'mor) . Pseudoneoplasm. pseudotyphoid (su"do-ti'foyd). One of the various diseases, such as paratyphoid, resembling typhoid fever, but not due to Bacillus typhosus. pseudovacuole (su-do- vak'u-61). An apparent vacuole in a cell, either an artefact or an intra- cellular parasite. pseudoventricle (su-do- ven'tri-kl). Fifth ventricle of the brain, cavum septi pellucidi [BNA], pseudovomiting (su-do-vom'it-ing) [G. pseudes, false.] Regurgitation of matter from the esoph- agus or stomach without expulsive effort. pseudoxanthine (su-do- zan'thin). A leucomaine from muscular tissue, C4H5N5O. pseudoxanthoma (su"do-zan-tho'mah). A degen- erative disease of the skin, marked by the occur- rence of slightly elevated yellowish patches on the abdomen, neck, and other parts of the surface. pseudozoogloea (su"do-zo-og-le'ah) [G. pseudes, false, + zoon, animal, + gloia, glue.] A clump of bacteria, resembling externally a zooglcea mass, but wanting its compactness and gelatinous binding material. psilosis (si-lo'sis) [G. a stripping.] i. Sprue (2). 2. Falling of the hair. psilothin (sil'o-thin). A depilatory plaster applied warm to a hairy surface, and torn off when cool, bringing with it the hairs. psilothron (sil'o-thron) [G.] A depilatory. psilotic (si-lot'ik). i. Relating to psilosis. 2. Depilatory. psittacosis (sit-S-ko'sis) [G. psittakos, a parrot.] An infectious disease of birds, especially parrots; it is characterized by diarrhea, loss of appetite, wasting, and loss of feathers; it is sometimes transmitted to man in whom the symptoms are headache, nausea, epistaxis, constipation, and fever preceded by a chill, and usually with added sj^mptoms of bronchopneumonia. psoas (so'as) [G. psoa, the loins.] See under musculus. p. abscess, a cold or gravity abscess in the sheath of the psoas major muscle, the pus coming usually from tuberculous disease of the vertebra and pointing finally in the anterior and inner side of the thigh. psodymus (sodl-mus) [G. psoa, loins, -I- didymos, twin.] A twin monster, single from the lumbar region downward, having therefore but two legs with occasionally a rudimentary third one. psoitis (so-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the psoas major muscle, usually the result of a psoas abscess. psomophagia, psomophagy (so-mo-fa'jl-ah, so-mof- a-jl) [G. psomos, morsel, bit, + phago, I eat.] The practice of swallowing the food without thorough mastication; bolting the food. The opposite of poUophagy. psora (so'rah) [G.] i. Scabies. 2. Psoriasis. 3. Hahnemann's term for the "itch dyscrasia," defined as the parent of all chronic diseases — skin diseases, neoplasms, insanity, etc. ; it was similar to, though of more extended application than, the "herpetic diathesis" of French writers, p. lep- ro'sa, psoriasis. psorelcosls (so-rel-ko'sis) [G. psora, itch, -I- helkosis, ulceration.] Ulceration resulting from scabies. psorenteria (so-ren-ter'I-ah) [G. psora, scabies, + enteron, intestine.] Inflammatory swelling of the solitary follicles of the intestine, in typhoid fever, cholera, and other affections. psorenteritis (so-ren-ter-i'(e')tis). Psorenferia. psoriasic (so-ri-as'ik). Psoriatic. psoriasiform (so-rl-as'i-form) [G. psoriasis H- L. forma, form.] Resembling psoriasis. psoriasis (so-ri'a-sis) [G. psoriasis; psora, the itch.] A skih disease consisting in an eruption of circum- scribed rounded patches of a red color covered with adherent white scales, occurring chiefly on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, the scalp, and the back. p. annula'ris, p. annula'ta, p. circinata. p. bucca'lis, leucoplakia. p. cir- cina'ta, p. in which healing is taking place at the center while the process continues at the periph- ery, producing a ring-shaped lesion, p. difiu'sa, diffused p., a form with more or less coalescence of the lesions, p. gutta'ta [L. gutta, drop], p. occurring in roimd patches of small size, giving tha appearance of a rain-bespattered surface. p. gyra'ta, p. circinata in which there is a coales- cence of the rings giving rise to figures of various outlines, p. invetera'ta, a form in which the lesions are confluent, the affected skin being thickened, indurated, and scaly, p. lin'guae, leucoplakia. p. nummula'ris, p. with flat elevated lesions the size of a quarter or of a half-dollar. p. orbicula'ris, p. circinata. p. puncta'ta, p. in which the individual lesions are papules, each red in color, and tipped with a single white scale, p. Tupioid'es, a form in which crusts resembling rupia are formed on the skin. p. univeisa'lis, generalized p. psoriatic (so-rl-at'ik). Relating to or suffering from psoriasis. psoric (so'rik). Relating to or suffering from sca- bies, psorous. psorinum (so-ri'num). A homeopathic nosode prepared from the contents of the itch vesicle; it is employed in cases marked by profuse sweating, an offensive odor from the body, or headache with hunger. psoroid (so'royd) [G. psora, scabies, -I- eidos, resem- blance.] Resembling scabies. psorophthalmia (so-rof-thal'mj-ah). A pruritic ul- cerative inflammation of the margins of the eyelids. psorosperm (so'ro-sperm) [G. psoros, scabby, 4- sperma, seed.] A term loosely applied to para- sitic sporozoa other than those infecting the blood- corpuscles; one of the psorospermias. psorospermiae (so-ro-sper'ml-e) [G. psoros, scabby, -I- sperma, seed.] Coccidia-like protdzoan organ- isms. psorospermial, psorospermic (so-ro-sper'ml-al, so-ro- sper'mik). Relating to psorospermiae. psorospermosis (so-ro'-sper-mo'sis) [G. psdra, itch, + sperma, seed.] i. Infection with sporozoa other than the haemosporidia, with the so-called "psorosperms." 2. Keratosis foUicularis, errone- ously attributed to the presence of psorosperms in the skin. psorous (so'rus). Psoric. psychalgalia (si-kal-ga'11-ah) [G. psyche, mind, -t- algos, pain.] Psychalgia, algopsychalia. psychalgia (si-kal'ji-ah) [G. psychS, mind, + algos, pain.] Mind-pain, soul-pain; distress attending a mental effort, noted especially in melancholia. psychanal'ysis (si-kan-al'i-sis.) Psychoanalysis. psychasthenia (si-kas-the'nl-ah;si-kas-the-ni'ah) [G. psyche, mind, + astheneia, weakness.] A mild psychosis or psychoneurosis marked especially by lack of self-control, in consequence of which the patient is dominated by morbid fears or doubts, impulsions to unreasoning and consciously wrong or foolish acts, fixed ideas, etc., and suffers from PSYCHASTHENIA 829 PSYCHONOSIS a sense of unusualness or unreality in himself and his surroundings. psychataxia (si-ki-tak'sl-ah) [G. psyche, mind, + ataxia, confusion.] Mental confusion, inability to fix the attention or to make any continued mental effort. psyche (si'ke) [G. mind, sovil.] i. The cerebrospinal nervous system. 2. The mind. psycheclampsia (si-ke-klamp'sl-ah) [G. psyche, mind, + eklampsis, a flashing out.] A mental convulsion, acute mania. psycheism (si'ke-izm) [G. psyche, soul.] Animal magnetism, hypnotism. psychiater (si-ki-a'ter) {G. psyche, mind, + iatros, physician.] Psychiatrist. psychiatria (si-kl-a'tri-ah). Psychiatry. psychiatric (si-ki-at'rik). Relating to psychiatry. psychiatrics (si-ki-at'riks). Psychiatry. psychiatrist (si-ki'S-trist). An alienist, a specialist in diseases of the mind, one who practises psy- chiatry. psychiatry (si-ki'a.-tri) [G. psyche, mind, + iatreia, medical treatment.] The recognition and treat- ment of diseases of the mind. psychic (silcik) [G. psychikos, relating to the mind.] I. Relating to the mind or soul, mental. 2. A person who is supposed to be endowed with the power of communicating with spirits, a spiritual- istic medium, p. force, mental power, a force generated by thought or mental action, apart from energy or physical force. psychical (si'ki-kal). Psychic (i). psychics (si'kiks). Psychology. psychinosis (si-ld-no'sis) [G. psyche, mind, -I- nosos, disease.] A functional nervous disease; psy- chonosis. psychism (si'kism) [G. psyche, soul.] The theory of a principle of life pervading all nature. psychlampsia (si-klamp'si-ah). Psycheclampsia. psychoanalysis (si-ko-an-al'i-sis) [G. psyche, soul, mind, -|- analysis.] Psychanalysis, an examina- tion into the mental condition by means of a careful analysis and comparison of the symp- toms both subjective and objective. psychoauditory (si"ko-aw'dJ-to-ri) [G. psyche, mind + L. auditorius; audire, to hear.] Relating to the mental perception and interpretation of sounds, psychochrome (si'ko-krom) [G. psyche, mind, -I- chroma, color.] A certain color mentally con- ceived in response to a sense impression; see psychochromesthesia. psychochTomesthesia, psychochromaesthesia (si"ko- krom-es-the'sl-ah) [G. psyche, mind, + chroma, color, + aisthesis, sensation.] A form of synes- thesia in which a certain stimulus to one of the special organs of sense produces the mental image of a color. See pseudophotesihesia. psychocinesia (si"ko-sin-e'sI-ah) [G. psyche, mind, + kinesis, movement.] Impulsive insanity. psychocortical (si"ko-kor'tI-kal) [G. psyche, mind, + L. cortex, rind, bark.] Relating to the cortex of the brain as the seat of the mind. p. center, psychomotor* center. psychodometry (si-ko-dom'e-trl) [G. psyche, mind, -t- hodos,, way, + metron, measure.] The measure- ment of the rapidity of mental action. psychodynamics (si-ko-di-nam'iks) [G. psyche, soul, -1- dynamis, power.] The science of mental force or action. psychoepaepsy (si"ko-ep'i-lep-sl). Psychic lepiepsy.* psychogenesis (si-ko-jen'e-sis) [G. psyche, soul, spirit, + genesis, origin.] The development of the mind or of the mental faculties. psychogenet'ic, psychogen'ic [G. psyche, mind, + gennao, I produce.] i. Of mental origin or causa- tion. 2. Relating to mental development, or psychog nesis. psychogeny (si-koj'en-i). Psychogenesis. psychognosis (si-kog-no'sis) [G. psyche, soul, mind, -I- gnosis, knowledge.] Diagnosis of the mental or psychic state, both conscious and unconscious. psychognostic (si-kog-nos'tik) . Relating to psy- chognosis. psychogram (si'ko-gram) [G. psyche, soul, + gramma, a writing.] The visualization of a mental concept, the thing thought of being subjectively seen. psychographic (si-ko-graf'ik) [G. psyche, mind, soul, graphikos, from graphs, a writing.] Relat- ing to a psychogram. p. distur'bances, the employment of a bombastic and inflated style as a symptom of a psychoneurosis. psychokinesis (si-ko-kin-e'sis). Psychocinesia. psycholepsy (si'ko-lep-sl) [G. psyche, mind, + lepsis, an attack, a seizure.] i. A slight seizure, such as of temporary confusion, central conges- tion, tachycardia, temporary blindness, occurring in psychasthenic or hysterical subjects ; paralepsy. 2. Psychic epilepsy.* psychological (si-kp-lojl-kal). Relating to psy- chology; relating to the mind and its processes. psychologist (si-kol'o-jist). One making a special study of, or versed in, psychology. psychology (si-kol'o-jl) [G. psyche, mind, + -logia.] The science which deals with the mind and mental processes — consciousness, sensation, idea- tion, memory, etc. compar'ative p., the study of instinct and of mental action in the lower ani- mals, crim'inal p., the study of the mind and its workings in relation to crime, experimen'tal p., the study of mental action by means of various tests and experiments, genet'ic p., a science dealing with the evolution of mind and the rela- tion to each other of the different types of mental activity, objec'tive p., p. as studied by observa- tion of the mental workings in others than the observer, subjec'tive p., the study of one's own mind and its various modes of action as a basis for psychological deductions. psychometry (si-kom'6-tri) [G. psyche, mind, + metron, measure.] Measurement of the duration and force of mental processes. psychomotor (si-ko-mo'tor). Relating to the mental origin of muscijlar movement, to the production of voluntary movements, p. center, the part of the cerebral cortex around the central fissure, embi^cing the centers of voluntary muscular movement, psychocortical center. psychoneurosis (si-ko-nu-ro'sis) [G. psyche, mind, + neuron, nerve.] One of a group of minor diseases of the mind which are not actually insanities, defense p., Freud's term for hysteria and various neuroses and psychoses caused by some idea or sensation so painful that the sufferer endeavors to dismiss it from the mind ; at times, instead of being absolutely forgotten, the thought sinks down into the subconsciousness and acts as the hidden cause of the psychoneurotic dis- turbances, p. maid'ica, pellagra. psychonomy (si-kon'o-ml) [G. psyche, mind, -F nomos, law.] The branch of psychology treating of the laws of mental action. psychonosema (si-ko-no-se'ma) [G. psyche, mind, + nosema, a. disease.] Any mental disease, psy- chonosis, psychopathy. psychonosis (si-k6-no'sis) [G. psyche, mind, -I- nosos, disease.] Psychonosema, psychopathy. PSYCHO PARESIS 830 PTELEA psychoparesis (si-ko-par'e-sis) [G. psyche, mind, + paresis, weakness.] Mental weakness. psychopath (si'-ko-path). The subject of a psy- chosis or psychoneurosis ; especially one who is of apparently sotind mind in the ordinary or extra- ordinary affairs of life, but who is dominated by some abnormal sexual, criminal, or passional instinct. psychopathia (si-ko-path'i-ah) [G. psyche, mind, -1- pathos, suffering.] Psychopathy, p. martial'is, shell-shock. psychopathic (si-ko-path'ik). 1. Relating to men- tal disease. 2. Relating to psychotherapy. 3. A delirious or an insane person, p. ward, a ward in a. general hospital for the reception and temporary treatment of the insane. psychopathist (si-kop'S-thist). Psychiatrist, alienist. psychopathologist (si-ko-pS-thoro-jist). A person who devotes special attention to a study of the morbid changes occurring in mental diseases. psychopathology (si-ko-pa-thol'o-ji) [G. psyche, mind, -I- pathos, suffering, + -hgia.] ThS pathol- ogy of diseases of the mind. psychopathy (si-kop'S-thl) [G. psyche, mind, -H pathos, suffering.] i. Psychopathia, psychono- sema, psychonosis, psychosis, any disorder of the mind, congenital or acquired. 2 . Psychotherapy. psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'i-kal) [G. psyche, mind, + physikos, physical.] Relating to the mental perception of physical stimuli. psychophysics (si-ko-fiz'iks). The science of the relation between mental action and physical phenomena. psychophysiology (si-ko-fiz-J-ol'o-jI) [G. psyche, mind, -I- physis, nature, -1- -logia.] Physiology in relation to the mind and its processes. psychoplasm (si'ko-plazm) [G. psyche, mind, soul, + plasma, thing formed.] Archyle,* protyle. psychoplegia (si-ko-ple'ji-ah) [G. psyche, mind, -I- plege, stroke.] Mental weakness or dementia of sudden onset. psychoplegic (si-ko-ple'jik). r. Relating to psy- choplegia. 2. An agent which benumbs mental action. psychoreactlon (si-ko-re-ak'shun). Much*-Holz- mann reaction. psychorrhagia (si-ko-ra'ji-ah) [G. psyche, mind, -|- rhegnymi, I break forth.] The death agony. psychorrhythmia (si-ko-rith'mi-ah) [G. psyche, mind, -I- j-Ay (fcmos, rhythm.] Involuntary repe- tition by the mind of its formerly volitional action. psychosensorial (si-ko-sen-so'ri-al). Psychosensory. psychosensory (si-ko-sen'so-ri). i. Noting the men- tal perception and interpretation of sensory stimuli. 2. Noting an hallucination which the mind by an eflort is able to distinguish from an actuality. psychosis (si-ko'sis). [G. an animating.] i. Any mental state or -condition. 2. A disorder of the mind, insanity, anxi'ety p., a functional men- tal disturbance marked by anxiety, restlessness, and depression, exhaus'tion p., a confusional insanity following a surgical operation, profuse hemorrhage, or other depressing event, feb'- rile p., infection-exhaustion p. infec'tion- exhauB'tion p., confusional insanity, a p. fol- lowing an acute infection, shook, or chronic intoxication; it begins as delirium followed by pronounced mental confusion with hallucina- tions and unsystematized delusions and sometimes stupor; recovery is frequent, in- volu'tlonel p., mental disturbance occurring at the menopause or, in either sex, in the senescent or senile period, man'ic-depres'slve p., one marked by alternations of excitement and depression, with or without intervals of appar- ent mental health; see circular insanity* and insanity* of double form, polyneurit'ic p., Korsakoff's* psychosis, sen'ile p., mental dis- turbance occurring in old age and due to degen- erative cerebral processes, situa'tion p., a transitory mental disorder caused in a pre- disposed person by a seemingly unbearable situation, tox'ic p., confusional insanity due to the action of some exogenous poison or to autotoxemia. psychotechnics (si-ko-teVniks) [G. psyche, samA, + techne, art, skill.] The practical application of psychological methods in the study of economics, sociology, and other problems. psychotherapeutics (si"ko-ther-4-pu'tiks) [G. psyche, soul, spirit, -I- therapeud, I heal.] Psychotherapy. psychotherapy (si"ko-ther'a-pi) [G. psyche, soul, spirit, -f- therapeia, healing.] i. Treatment of disease by suggestion, a. Treatment of mental disorders, psychiatry. psychotic (si-kot'ik). Relating to a mental disorder. psychotrine (si'ko-tren) [Psycholria, a genus of gamopetalous plants to which belongs ipecac] An alkaloid present in small amount in ipecac; it possesses low toxicity and poor amebicidal properties. psychroalgia (si-kro-al'ji-ah) [G. psychros, cold, -1- algos, pain.] A painful sensation of cold. psychroesthesia, psychroaesthesia (si-kro-es-the'zJ-ah) \j3t. psychros, co\i, + aisthesis,se:asa.t\oii.'\ l. The form of sensation which perceives cold. z. A sen- sation of cold although the body is warm ; a chill. psychrometer (si-krom'e-ter) [G. psychros, cold, + meiron, measure.] A form of hygrometer, in which the relative humidity of the atmosphere is determined by a comparison of the readings of two thermometers, one of which is a wet-bulb thermometer. psychrophilic (si-kro-fil'ic) [G. psychros, cold, + philed, I love.] Preferring cold; thriving best at a low temperature, said of bacteria developing between the extremes of 0° and 30° C. (32° and 86° P.), with an optimum of 13° to 20° C. (59° to 68° P.). psychrophobia (si-kro-fo'bl-ah) [G. psychros, cold, 4- phobos, fear.] Extreme sensitiveness to cold; a morbid dread of cold. psychrophore (si'kro-for) [G. psychros, cold, + pharos, bearing.] An instrument in the form of a double catheter through which cold water is made to circulate in order to apply cold to the urethra or other canal or cavity. psychrotherapy (si-kro-ther'S-pJ) [G. psychros, cold, -I- therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by the application of cold in any form. ptarmic (tar'mik) [G. ptarmikos, causing to sneeze.] i. Causing sneezing. 2. Ani agent which pro- vokes sneezing, a sternutatory. ptarmus (tar'mus) [G. ptarmos, sneezing.] Sneez- ing. ptelea (tel'e-ah) [G. ptelea, elm.] The bark of Ptelea trifoliata, shrubby trefoil, hop-tree, wing- seed; it contains an alkaloid resembling, if not identical with, berberine; employed as a tonic and appetizer in doses of T5[is-3o(i. 0-2.0) of a fluidextract; employed in eclectic practice as a bitter tonic in disorders of the stomach and intestine, and in asthma with a sense of constric- tion in the chest, in doses of nui-20 (0.06-1.3) of the specific preparation. iTELEIN 831 PUBIC ptelein (tel'e-in). An alcoholic extract of ptelea, tonic in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). ptelia(tel'i(-ah). Ptelea. pterion (te'ri-on) [G. pteron, wing.] A cranio- metric point in the region of the anterolateral, or sphenoid, fontanelle, at the junction of the great wing of the sphenoid, the squamous temporal, the frontal, and the parietal bones. pternal'gia (ter-nal'ji-ah) [G. pterna, heel, + algos, pain.] Pain in the heel. pterygium (ter-ij'i(-um) [G. pterygion, dim. of pleryx, wing.] i. A triangular patch of hyper- trophied bulbar conjunctiva and subconjunc- tival tissue, extending usually from the inner canthus to the border of the cornea or beyond, with apex pointing toward the pupil. 2. A forward growth of the eponychium with adher- ence to the surface of the nail. pterygoid (ter'i-goyd) [G. pteryx(pteryg-), wing, + eidos, ' resemblance.] a.. Wing-shaped, alate; a term applied to various anatomical parts in the neighborhood of the sphenoid bone. 2. False or cicatricial pterygium, pseudopterygium. p. artery, see under ariccjo. p. canal, Vidian canal, canaUs* pterygoideus. p. chest, phthinoid* chest, p. depression, fovea pterygoidea. p. fissure, see under fissura. p. fossa, see under fossa, p. muscle, see under musculus. p nerve, see under nervus. p. notch, fissura ptery- goidea. p. pit, fovea pterygoidea. p. plates, lamina lateralis, and lamina medialis. p. plexus, see under plexus, p. proc'esses, processus pterygoideus, and processus pyramidalis. p.tu'- bercle, a slight prominence on the posterior sur- face of the lamina medialis of the sphenoid bone, below and to the inner side of the Vidian canal. pterygomandibular (ter-i-go-man-dib'u-lar) . Re- lating to the pterygoid process and the mandible. p. lig'a;nent, raphe pterygomandibulafis. ptery go maxillary (ter-J-go-maks'il-a-ri) . Relating to the pterygoid process and the maxilla, p. fossa, fossa pterygopalatina. p. lig'ament, raphe pterygomandibularis. pterygopalatine (ter'i-go-pal'a-tin) . Relating to the pterygoid process and the palate bone. p. fossa, see under fossa, p. groove, sulcus pterygo- palatinus. pterygophore (ter'e-go-for) [G. pieryx{pteryg-), wing, -t- phoros, bearing.] One of the cartilag- inous processes extending into the lateral fold of skin constituting the most primitive form of limb ; actinophore. pterygospinous (ter-i-go-spi'nus) . Noting a proc- ess of the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, Civinini's process, processus* pterygospinosus. p. mus'cle, a muscular slip occasionally arising from the spine of the sphenoid bone and inserted into the hinder margin of the outer pterygoid plate. ptilosis (til-o'sis) [G.] Loss of the eyelashes. ptisan (tiz'an) [G. ptisane.] A decoction or "tea" of pleasant taste and little medicinal virtue. P.T.O. [Ger. Perlsucht-iuberculin original.] A tuber- culin prepared, in the same way as Koch's origi- nal tuberculin (T.O.A.), from bovine tubercle bacilli; Klemperer's tuberculin. ptomaine (to'mah-en) [G. pioma, a corpse.] A substance, resembling in properties an alkaloid, formed during the decomposition of dead animal or vegetable matter ; cadaveric alkaloid. ptomainemia, ptomainsemia (to"mah-in-e'mI-ah) [G. kaima, blood.] A condition resulting from the presence of a ptomaine in the circulating blood. ptomainotoxism (to"mah-en-o-toks'izm) [ptomaine + toxism.] Poisoning by any ptomaine. ptomatine (to'mah-ten). Ptomaine. ptomatopsy (to'ma-top-si) [G. ptoma, corpse, -f- opsis, vision.] Inspection of a dead body; autopsy. ptomatropine (to-mat'ro-p5n). A ptomaine having poisonous properties similar to those of atropine, found in the tissues of those dead of typhoid fever. ptosis (to'sis) [G. ptosis, a falling.] i. A falling or sinking down of any organ. 2. Specifically a drooping of the upper eyelid, due to a fault of development, to paralysis of the le\>ator palpebras muscle, to a weighting of the lid by a tumor, or to recession of the supporting eyeball, false p., pseudoptosis, blepharochalasis.* mom'ing p., wa'king p., a functional paralysis of the upper lid, occurring temporarily in the anemic or neurotic on awaking, p. adipo'sa, blepharochalasis. p. sympathet'ica. Homer's symptom-complex. vis'ceral p., splanchnoptosia. ptotic (tot'ik). Relating to or marked by ptosis. P,T.R. [Ger. Perlsucht-iuberculin rest.1 A tuberculin prepared, in the same way as Koch's new tuber- culin (T.R.), from bovine tubercle bacilli. ptyaliu (ti'al-in) [G. ptyalon, saliva.] A diastatic enzyme in saliva, which converts starch into maltose. ptyalinogen (ti-al-in'o-jen) [ptyalin + G. gennao, I produce.] A substance assumed to exist in the secreting cells of the salivary glands, from which ptyalin is formed. ptyalism (ti'al-izm) [G. piyalismos, much spitting.] Salivation, sialism, an excessive secretion of saliva. ptyalize (ti'al-Tz) [G. ptyalizo, I spit much.] To salivate, to increase the secretion of saliva. ptyalocele (ti'al-o-sel) [G. ptyalon, saliva, + kele, tumor.] A salivary cyst; cystic dilatation of a salivary duct, sublin'gual p., ranula. ptyalogenic (ti-al-o-jen'ik) [G. ptyalon, saliva, -H gennao, I produce.] Formed from saliva; of salivary origin. ptyalogogue (ti-al'o-gog) [G. ptyalon, saliva, -I- agogos, leading.] i. Producing a flow of saliva, sialogogue. 2. An agent which increases the ilow of saliva. ptyalolith (ti'S-lo-lith) [G. ptyalon, saliva, + lithos, stone.] A salivary* calculus. ptyalolithi'asis. The formation or the presence of a salivary''' calciilus. ptychodont (ti'ko-dont) [G. ptychddes, in folds, + odous(odont-), tooth.] Noting an animal in which the crowns of the molar teeth are folded. ptyocrinous (ti-ok'ri-nus) [G. ptyon, a winnowing- fan, + krino, I separate.] Secreting by discharge of the contents of the cell, as in the mucous cells ; distinguished from diacrinous. pu'beral. Relating to puberty. pu'berty [L. pubertas; puber, gAiwn up.] The age at which the reproductive organs become developed, 13 to 16 years in boys, 12 to 14 in girls; in law the ages of presumptive puberty are 12 years in girls and 14 years in boys. pubes (pu'bez) [L. the hair on the genitals.] i . The mons Veneris, the pubic region. 2. The pubic hairs. 3. Os pubis, the pubic bone; also, as if plural of pubis, both pubic bones. pilbescence (pu-bes'ens). The coming to the age of sexual maturity. pubes'cent [L. pubescere, to be reaching the virile ^age.] Just coming to the age of puberty. pu'bic. Relating to the os pubis, p. angle, the PUBIC 832 PULMONITIS angle formed by the crest of the- pubis and the symphyseal border, p. arch, the arch formed by the diverging descending rami of the p. bones. p. body, the portion of the p. bone at the junction of the ascending and descending rami. p. bone, OS pubis, p. crest, the upper edge of the p. body between the tubercle and symphysis, p. lig'a- ments, four ligaments at the symphysis ; anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior or subpubic (ligamentum arcuatum pubis), p. ramus, one of the two branches of the body of the pubis : the ascending ramus, ramus superior [BNA], extend- ing from the body to the point of junction with the ilium ; the descending ramus, ramus inferior[BNA], passing outward and downward from the body to join the rainus of the ischium, p. spine, tuber- culum pubicum [BNA]. p. sym'physis, the immovable joint between the two pubic bones. p. tu'bercle, tuberculum pubicum. pubiot'omy [L. pubes + G. tome, a cutting.] Hebotomy. pu'bis. I. Os pubis. 2. [BNA] One of the pubic hairs, the hair of the pubic region just above the external genitals. pubocap'sular. Relating to the pubis and the capsule of the hip-joint, noting the ligamentum pubocapsulare passing from the superior ramus of the pubis to the capsule of the hip- joint. pubococcygeal (pu-bo-kok sij'e-al). Relating to the pubis and the coccyx, noting a muscle, muscu- lus* pubococcygeus. pubofein'oTal. Relating to the os pubis and the femur, noting a ligament, ligamentum pubocap- sulare, passing from the superior ramus of the pubis to the capsule of the hip- joint. puboprostafic. Relating to the pubic bone and the prostate gland, noting the p. ligament passing from either side of the symphysis pubis to the neck of the bladder over the anterior surface of the prostate. pubotib'ial. Relating to the os pubis and the tibia, noting the short adductor muscle of the leg. puboves'ical. Relating to the pubic bone and the bladder, p. lig'ament, puboprostatic* ligament. p. muscle, see under musculus. puden'da. Plural of pudendum. puden'dal. Relating to the pudenda, pudic. puden'dum, pi. pudenda [L. pudere, to be ashamed.] The external genitals, especially the female genitals, the vulva. Used also in the plural, p. mulieb're [ B NA], vulva, the external genital organs of the female, the rima pudendi and the labia majora bounding it. pu'dic [L. pudicus, modest.] Pudendal. puericulture (pu-er'I-kul-chur) [L. puer, boy, child, -t- cultura, culture.] 1 . The care and training of children. 2. The antenatal care of the child by attention to the hygiene, mental and physical, of the pregnant woman. puerile (pu'S-ril). Relating to a child, childish, childlike, p. respira'tion, the type of respiration as heard in auscultation of children, possessing less of the vesicular character of the adult respi- ratory sound. puerpera (pu-ur'pS-rah) [L. puer, child, -I- parere, to bring forth.] A parturient woman, one who is giving, or has recently given, birth to a child. puerperal (pu-ur'pS-ral). Relating to childbirth. p. convul'sions, p. eclamp'sia, convulsions, usually uremic in character, occurring in a parturient woman, p. fever, septicemia occurring after childbirth, p. insan'ity, mania or other mental disorder occurring during the puerperal period. p. pe'riod, the first week or ten days following childbirth, p. sepsis, p. septice'mia, p. fever. p. state, puerperium. p. woman, puerpera. puerperalism (pu-ur'pe-ral-izm). Any disorder con- sequent upon childbirth. puer'perant. i. Relating to the puerperium, puer- peral. 2. A puerpera. puerperium (pu-ur-pe'rl-um) [L.] The puerperal state, the period from the termination of labor to complete involution of the uterus. puerperous (pu-ur'pS-rus). Puerperal. puff. A whiff, a short blowing sound heard on auscultation, veiled p., a faint pulmonary mur- mur, simulating the mufHed flapping of a cloth in the wind. pufi-ball. Lycoperdon. pugill'us [L.] A handful, a rough measure of quan- tity sometimes used in directions for making an infusion or decoction of an innocuous drug. puke-weed. Lobelia. Pu'lex [L. flea.] A genus of insects, of the family PulicidiB. P. cheopis (ke'o-pis), the rat flea, believed to be the active agent in the dissemination of plague. P. fascla'tus, the rat flea which may also attack man. P. irr'itans, the common flea which infests man. P. pal'lipes, a flea found on rats and occasionally attacking man. P. pen'- etrans, Sarcophylla penetrans, jigger. P. serrat'- iceps, the dog flea, infesting dogs and cats, and often man. pulicicide, pulicide (pu-lis'i-sid, pu'li-sid) [L. pulex, flea, + c(Edere, to kill.] Any agent destructive to fleas. Puller Springs, Montana. Two springs, 95° F. and 105° F. Used by drinking in rheumatism and related affections. Pullna, Bohemia. Saline "bitter" waters. Used by drinking in chronic constipation, affections of the liver atid intestines, gallstones, bladder com- plaints, nervous disorders, obesity, headache, eye diseases, gastritis, gout, rheumatism, and eczema. pullulate (pul'u-lat) [L. pullulare, to sprout forth.] To germinate. pullulation (pul-u-la'shun). The act of germinat- ing. pul'mo, gen. pulmo'nis, pi. pulmo'nes [L.] Lung. pulmoaortic (pul"mo-a-or'tik). Relating to the pulmonary artery and the aorta. pulmom'eter [L. pulmo, lung, + G. metron, measure ] Pneumatometer, spirometer. pulmom'etry. Spirometry, pneumatometry, the measurement of the respiratory capacity of the lungs. pulmonary (pul'mS-na-rl) . Relating to the lungs, to the pulmonary artery, or to the aperture leading from the right ventricle into the pulmon- ary artery, p. a'rea, the region of the chest at the second left intercostal space, where sounds produced at the pulmonary orifice of the right ventricle are heard most distinctly, p. in- com'petency, p. insufG'ciency, deficient closure of the p. valve, p. steno'sis, narrowing of the opening into the p. artery from the right ventricle. pulmonec'tomy [L. pulmo (pulmon-), lung, -I- G. ektome, excision.] Pneumonectomy. pulmon'ic. i. Pulmonary. :<. A siifferer from disease of the lungs. 3. A remedy for diseases of the lungs. pul'monin. Trade name of an extract frpm the lungs of calves, recommended in diseases of the respiratory organs. pulmonitis (pul-mo-ni'(ne')tis) [G. pulmo{pulmon-), lung, + G. -itis.l Pneumonitis. OLMOTOR 833 PULSUS I'motor. An apparatus for supplying oxygen to the lungs and inducing artificial respiration in cases of asphyxiation by illuminating gas, drown- ing, etc.; oxygen under pressure is forced into the lungs and when the lungs are distended the action is automatically reversed and air is sucked out of the chest; the process is continued until natural respiration is established. Ip [L. pulpa, flesh.] i. A soft moist coherent solid. 2. The vascular tissue in the center of a tooth. 3. Chyme, dental p., den'tinal p., pulp (2). dig'ital p., p. of the finger, mum'- mified p., dental p. in a state of dry gangrene. p. canal', that portion of the p. cavity which is contained in the root of a tooth, p. cav'ity, the central hollow of a tooth filled with vascular tissue or pulp. p. cham'ber, that portion of the p. cavity which is contained in the crown or body of the tooth, p. nod'ule, a nodule of dentine projecting into or lying free in the p. cavity of a tooth, p. of the finger, the fleshy mass at the extremity of the finger, p. stone, p. nodule, splenic p., the soft substance of the spleen, ver'tebral p., the soft substance form- ing the central portion of an intervertebral disc. Ipa (pul'pah) [L. soft, fleshy part of a body.] Pulp. p. den'tis [BNA], tooth pulp. I'pal. Pulpar. I'par. Relating to pulp, in any sense, p. cell, see under cell. Ipa'tion. The act of reducing to a pulpy state. Ipifac'tion. The act of reducing to a pulpy con- dition, pulpation. rpiform [L. pulpa, pulp, -1- forma, form.] Re- sembling pulp, pulpy. I'pify. To reduce to a pulpy state. Ipitis (pul-pi'(pe')tis) [L. pulpa, pulp, -t- G. -»'<«.] Inflammation of the pulp of a tooth, odontitis. I'py. In the condition of a soft moist solid, pulpiform. Ique (pool'ka) [Sp.] A fermented drink from the juice of Agave americana; ^iuretic. I'sate [L. pulsare, to beat.] To throb or beat rhythmically, said of the heart or an artery. Isatile (pul'sa-til) [L. pulsare, to beat.] Throb- bing, beating. Isatil'la [L. dim. of pulsatus, beaten.] Pasque flower, Easter flower, the herb Anemone Pulsa- tilla and A . pratensis, collected soon after flower- ing. It has been employed in gonorrhea, rheuma- tism, and syphilis in doses of gr. 2-5 (o. 13-0.3) Isa'tion. A throbbing or rhythmical beating, as of the pulse or the heart. ise [L. pulsus, stroke.] The rhythmical dilata- tion of an artery, produced by the increased volume of blood thrown into the vessel by the contraction of the heart. A pulse may also at times occur in a vein or a vascular organ, as the liver, anacrot'ic p., anadicrot'ic p., see under pulsus, bigem'inal p., pulsus bigeminus. bul- bar p., Bamberger's p., a jugular p. supposed to indicate tricuspid insufficiency, cannon-ball p., water-hammer p. cap'illary p., the alternate rhythmical reddening and blanching of a capillary area, well seen -under the nails; it is one of the signs of aortic insufficiency, catacrot'ic p., cata- dicrot'ic p., see under pulsus, convul'sive p., one unequal in rhythm and force, cordy p., tense p. coup'led p., pulsus bigeminus. dic- rot'ic p., pulsus dicrotus. entop'tic p., an inter- mittent phose synchronous with the pulse, fil'- ifOTin p., thready p. gas'eous p., a soft, full, but feeble p. gutt'urai p., a pulsation felt in the throat, hard p., one which strikes forcibly against the tip of the finger and is with difficulty com- pressed, long p., one in which the impact is felt longer than usual, monocrotic p., pulsus mono- crotus. mousetail p., pulsus myurus. mov- able p., the lateral movement of a strongly pulsating tortuous artery, nail p., a capil- lary p. seen through the nail, paradox'ical p., Kussmaul's p., pulsus* paradoxus, piston p., water-hammer p. pul'monary p., variation in intensity of the pulmonary second sound accord- ing to the tension in the pulmonary artery, p. pres'sure, the variation in blood pressure occur- ring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; it is the difference between the systolic or maximum and diastolic or minimum pressures and varies normally between 25 and 40 mm. of mercury. p. wave, the progressive expansion of the arteries from the aorta to the capillaries, occurring with each contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, soft p., one which is readily extinguished by pressure with the finger, tense p., a hard full pulse but without very wide excursions, resem- bling the vibration of a thick cord, thready p., a small fine p., feeling like a small cord or thread under the finger, trip' -hammer p., water-ham- mer p. un'dulating p., pulsus undulosus. ve'- nous p., a pulsatory movement occurring in the veins, especially the internal jugular, wa'ter- hammer p., Corrigan's p., one with forcible impulse but immediate collapse, characteristic of aortic incompetency, wiry p., a small, fine, incompressible p. pulsell'um [L. dim. of pulsus, a stroking.] A pos- terior flagellum constituting the organ of loco- motion in certain protozoan organisms. pulsim'eter, pulsom'eter [L. pulsus, pulse, -I- G. mitron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the force and rapidity of the pulse. pul'sus [L. a stroke.] Pulse, p. abdomina'lis, the soft, compressible, but usually regular pulse occur- ring in certain abdominal disorders, p. alter'nans, a variation in size or force of the alternate pulse- beats, the rhythm being unaltered, p. anac'rotus, a pulse, in the ascending limb of the tracing of which there is a notch indicating a momentary re- coil of the wave. p. anadic'rotus, one, in the as- cending limb of the tracing of which there are two notches, p. bigem'inus, a pulse in which every second beat is an extra-systole occurring nearer to the preceding than to the succeeding normal beat; i.e., two beats occur, then a pause, then two beats again, etc. p. bisfer'iens, one in which the systole is marked by a double beat, the second being stronger than the,|irst. p. cap'risans [L. capering], a. bounding leaping pulse, irregular in both force and rhythm, p. catac'rotus, a pulse in which there is an upward notch interrupting the descending limb of 'the sphygmogram. p. catadic'rotus, a p. catacrotus in which there are two interrupting upward notches, p. celer, arapid pulse, p. celer'imus, water-hammer pulse. * p. cordis, the apex beat of the heart . p. deb 'ills, a weak pulse, p. diff'- erens, a condition in which the pulses in the two radial arteries differ in strength, p. dic'rotus, a pulse in which the systole is marked by a double beat, the second being weaker than the, first. p. du'plez, p. dicrotus. p. durus, a hard incom- pressible pulse, p. filifor'mis, a thready pulse. p. flu'ens, undulating pulse, p. undulosus. p. formi'cans [L. formica, ant], formicant p., a very small, nearly imperceptible pulse, the impression it gives to the finger .being compared to formica- PULSUS «34 PULVIS tion. p. fortls, a full strong pulse, p. fre'quens, a rapid pulse, p. heterochron'icus, an arrhyth- mic pulse, p. ineequa'lis, a pulse irregular in rhythm and force, p. infre'quens, a slow pulse. p. Inter'cidens, an intermittent pulse, p. inter- curT'ens, an occasional strong dicrotic pulse-wave giving the impression of an intercurrent ventricu- lar contraction, p. iiregular'is perpet'uus, permanently irregular pulse; a name formerly given to the condition now called auricular fibrillation of which such pulse is characteristic. p. magnus, a large full pulse, p. mollis, a soft easily compressible pulse, p. monoc'- TOtus, a pulse without any perceptible dicrotism. p. myu'rus [G-. mys^ mouse, -I- ouros, tail], a pulse marked by a wave, the apex of which is reached suddenly and which then sub- sides very gradually, p. oppres'sus, a pulse which seems to be pushed against the walls of a con- tracted artery, p. paradoz'us, Kussmaul's p., one which becomes weaker or disappears during deep inspiration, occurring in cases of adherent pericardium, p. parvus, a small pulse, p. rarus, p. tardus, p. respiratio'ne intennit'tens, p. para- doxus, p. tardus, a slow pulse, p. trem'ulus, a feeble fluttering pulse, p. trigem'inus, ofae in which there is a longer or shorter interval after each three beats, owing to the fact that the third beat is an extra-systole, p. undulo'sus, a toneless pulse in which there is a. succession of waves without character or force, p. vac'uus, a very weak pulse hardly distending the arterial wall. p. veno'sus, a venous pulse. pulta'ceous [G. polios, porridge.] Macerated, pulpy, pap-like. pulv. Abbreviation of L. pulvis, powder. pulveriza'tion. Reduction to powder. pul'verize [L. pulverare.] To reduce to a powder. pulver'ulent. In a state of powder, powdery, dusty. pulvi'nar [L. pillow.] The posterior extremity of the thalamus which forms a cushion-like promi- nence overhanging the brachia of the corpora quadrigemina . pul'vinate [L. pulvinus, cushion.] Raised or con- vex, noting a form of surface elevation of a bac- terial culture; see cut under culture, A, 4. piil'vis, gen. pul'veris, pi. pul'veres [L.] Powder, a pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a drug or ix combination of drugs in powdered form. When the active drug is small in bulk it is gener- ally diluted with some more or less inert sub- stance, such as aromatic powder, licorice root, sugar of milk, cane sugar, starch, acacia, etc. p. aca'ciffi compos'itus, compound powder of acacia, p. gummosus (P.G.); acacia so, licorice 34, sugar 16, p. acetanili'di compos'itus {N.F.), compound acet- anilide powder; acetanilide 70, caffeine 10, sodium bicarbonate 20; dose, gr. 2-10 (0.13-0.6). p. al'oes et canel'lsB (N.F,), powder of aloes and canella, hiera picra, hikry-pikry; purified aloes 80, canella ao; laxative and emmenagogue in dose of gr. IS (10). p. amyg'dalBB compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of almonds; sweet almonds 8, powdered sugar 4, pow- dered gum acacia i; employed to make the official mistura by mixing with 8 parts of water. p. anrsi compos'itus, compound anise powder, p. rhei et magnesias anjsatus (N.P.). p. anticatariha'lls, antioatarrh powder, catarrh snuff; bismuth subnitrate 7S.- powdered acacia 25, morphine hydrochloride 0.41; for insufflation in coryza. p. antimonia'lis (N.P., Br.), antimonial powder, James's powder; oxide of antimony i, calcium phos- phate z; diaphoretic in doses of gr. 2-8 (o.i3-o.s). p. antlsep'tlcus (N. P.), antiseptic powder; eucalyptol, menthol, phenol, and thymol each 0.1, salicylic acid o.s, zinc sulphate 13.5, boric acid 86.6; employed as a dusting powder, oras a lotion in s per cent, solution. p. aromaficus (U.S.), aromatic powder, p. cinra- momi compositus (Br.), compound powder of cinna- mon; Saigon cinnamon 3s, ginger 35, cardamom 15, nutmeg is; dose as a carminative, gr. s-15 (0.3-1 .0). p. aromat'icus rubefa'ciens (N.P.), rubefacient spice powder, replacing emplastrum aromaticum of the previ- ous edition of the N.F.; clove and cinnamon each 30, Jamaica ginger and capsicum each 20. p. bu'tese sem'inum (B.A.), powder of butea seeds, made from the dried kernel; anthelmintic in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). p. cat'echu compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of catechu; catechu 4, kino and rhatany of each 2, cinna- mon and nutmeg of each I ; dose, gr. 10-60 (0 . 6-4 . o) in diarrhea. p. cathar'ticus, cathartic powder, p. jalapse com- positus. p. cinnamo'mi compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of cinnamon, resembles pulvis aromaticus (U.S.); made of equal parts of finely powdered cinnamon, ginger, and cardamom; dose, gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). p. comitis's£e [L. comitissa, countess, with reference to the Countess of Chinchon (see Cinchona)], Peruvian bark, cinchona. p. ere' tee aromaficus (Br,, N.P.), aromatic chalk- powder; cinnamon 8, saffron and nutmeg each 6, cloves 3, cardamom 2, prepared chalk 23, sugar 53; employed as an antacid and in diarrhea in dose of gr. 30 (2.0). p. cre'tffi aromaficus cum o'pio (Br.), p. cre'tse et o'pii aromaficus (N.F.), aromatic powder of chalk and opium; aromatic powder of chalk 97 . S, powdered opium 2.s:dosegr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). p. ere' tee compos'itus (U.S.), compound chalk powder; prepared chalk 30, acacia 20, sugar so; dose, gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0). p. digesti'vus, digestive powder, p. pepsini com- positus. p. efferves'cens, pi. pul'veres effervescen'tes, efferves- cent powder; the N.F. formerly gave directions for the manufacture of two kinds, viz., fine powders and gran- ular powders; the fine powder is made with the medici- nal agent 50 parts, saccharated sodium bicarbonate and saccharated tartaric acid each 475 parts; the granu- lar powder is made with the medicinal agent so parts, saccharated sodium bicarbonate 475 parts, saccharated tartaric acid and saccharated citric acid each 237i parts. p. efferves'cens compos'itus (U.S.), compound effer- vescing powder, p. sodae tartaratse effervescens (Br.), Seidlitz powder; sodium bicarbonate 31, potassium and sodium tartrate 93, divide into la powders and enclose in blue paper; tartaric acid 27, divide into 12 powders and enclose in white paper; the two are dis- solved separately, the solutions being then mixed and drunk while effervescing. p. elateri'ni compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of elaterin; elaterin s, sugar of milk 19s; same as tritura- tion of elaterin (U.S.) , but only one-fourth the strength; dose, gr. J-s (0.03-0.3). p. fer'ri et quini'nse citra'tis efferves'cens, efferves- cent powder of citrate of iron and quinine; chalybeate tonic in dose of a heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0). p. fer'ri phospha'tis efferves'cens, effervescent pow- der of ferric phosphate; chalybeate in dose of a heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0). p. gam'bir compos'itus (N.F.), compound powder of gambir, formerly compound powder of catechu; gam- bir 40, kino and krameria each 20, Saigon cinnamon and myristica each 10; dose, gr. 20 (l .3). p. glycyrrhi'zse compos'itus (U.S., Br.), compound powder of licorice; senna 180, licorice 236, washed sulphur 80, oil of fennel 4, sugar soo (U.S.); senna 2, licorice 2, fennel i, washed sulphur i, sugar 6 (Br.);, laxative in doses of 3i-2 (2,0-8.0). P'_ Eummo'sus, gum powder, mucilaginous powder, official in the German Pharmacopeia; acacia 50, lico- rice-root 30, sugar 20; employed in making mixtures and as an excipient for pills; p. acacite compositus (N.P.). p. hydrar'gyrl chlo'ridl mi'tis et jala'pee (N.P.),. PULVIS 83s PUNCTURE powder of calomel and jalap; calomel 34, jalap 66; hydragogue cathartic in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). p. Insectici'dus, insect powder, pyrethri* flores. p. iodofor'mi compos'itus, compound iodoform pow- der, naphthalin iodofo/m; iodoform 20, boric acid 30, naphthalene 50, oil of bergamot 2i; antiseptic. p. ipecacuan'hee compos'itus (Br.), p. ipecacuan'hn et o'pii (U.S.), compound ipecac powder, powder of ipecac and opium, Dover's powder; ipecac 10, opium 10, sugar of milk 80 (U.S.); ipecac 10, opium 10, potassium sulphate 80 (Br.); anodyne in doses of gr. 3-S (o.a-o.3) and diaphoretic in doses pf gr. lo-ij (0.6-1 .0). p. jala'pee compos'itus (U.S., Br.) , compound powder ■of jalap, p. catharticus, p. purgans; jalap 35, potassium bitartrate 65 (U.S.); jalap 5, acid potassium tartrate 9, ginger i (Br.); dose, gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). p. kalada'nse compos'itus (B.A.), compound powder of kaladana; kaladana 5, acid potassium tartrate 9, ginger i; resembles p. jalapas compositus; dose, gr. 30-60 (1.3-4.0). p. ki'no compos'itus (Br.), p. ki'no et o'pii compos'- itus (N.F.), compound powder of kino and opium; kino 75, opium s, cinnamon 20; astringent and anodyne in doses of gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). p. morphi'nse compos'itus, compound powder of morphine, Tully's powder; morphine sulphate l.s, camphor 32, licorice 33, precipitated chalk 33 . 5, alcohol q.s.; dose, gr, s-io (0.3-0.6). p. myri'cse compos'itus (N.F.), compound powder of bayberry, composition powder; bark of bayberry root 60, ginger 30, capsicum and clove each 5; carmin- ative in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1 .3). p. o'pii compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of opium; opium3, black pepper 4, ginger 10, caraway 12, tragacanth i; dose, gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). p. pancreati'm compos'itus (N.F.), compound pan- creatin powder, peptonizing powder; pancreatin (U.S.)^ 20, sodium bicarbonate 80; digestive; 25 grains will peptonize 1 pint of milk. p. pepsi'ni compos'itus, compound pepsin powder, p. digestivus; saccharated pepsin and pancreatin each is, diastase and lactic acid each 1, hydrochloric acid 2, sugar of milk to make 100; digestive in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1,3). p. potas'sii bro'midi efEerves'cens, effervescent pow- der of potassium bromide; potassium bromide mixed with saccharated sodium bicarbonate and saccharated tartaric acid; dose heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0) representing gr. 10 (0.6) of potassium bromide. p. potas'sii bro'midi efferves'cens cum caffei'na, effervescent powder of potassium bromide with caf- feine: potassium bromide and caffeine with sacchar- ated sodium bicarbonate and saccharated tartaric acid; dose, heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0), containing potassium bromide gr. ro (0.6) and caffeine gr. i (0.06). p. pro lac'te humanisa'to, powder for humanized milk; compound pancreatic powder 3,5, sugar of milk 96. 5; used to prepare lac* humanisatum. p. pur'gans, purgative powder, p. jalapae compositus. p. rhe'i compos'itus (U.S., Br.) , compound powder of rhubarb, Gregory's powder; rhubarb 25, magnesium oxide 6s, ginger 10 (U.S.) ; rhubarb 2, light magnesia 6, ginger i (Br.); dose, gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). p. rhe'i et magne'siae anisa'tus (N.F.), anisated powder of rhubarb and magnesia, compound anise powder; rhubarb 3.5, heavy calcined magnesia 6.5, oil of anise 0.8; antacid and laxative for infants in dose of gr. 5 (0.3). p. sa'lis caroli'ni facti'tii efferves'cens, effervescent artificial Carlsbad salt; sal carolinum factitium (N.F.) mixed with saccharated sodium carbonate, and sac- charated tartaric acid; a heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0), in a glass of water (56, or 200.0) epresentsra glass of Carlsbad (Sprudel) salt. p. sa'lis kissingen'sis facti'tii efferves'cens* efferves- cent artificial Kissingen salt; sal kissingense factitium (N.F.) mixed with saccharated sodium carbonate and saccharated tartaric acid; a heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6 . 0) , in a glass of water ( B 6, or 200 . 0) represents a glass of Kissingen (Rakoczy) water. p. sa'lis vichya'ni facti'tii efferves'cens, effervescent artificial Vichy salt: sal vichyanum factitium (N.F.) mixed with saccharated sodium carbonate and sac charated tartaric acid; a heaping teaspoonful, gr. 90 (6.0), in a glass of water (56, or 200.0) represents a glass of Vichy (Grande Grille) water. p. sa'lis vichya'ni facti'tii efferves'cens cum lith'io, effervescent artificial Vichy salt with lithium; same as the preceding with the addition of lithium citrate gr. S (0.3) in each dose. p. scammo'nii compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of scammony; resin of scammony 4, jalap 3, ginger i ; dose, gr, 10-20 (0.6-1.3). p. tal'ci compositus (N.F.), salicylated talcum pow- der; salicylic acid 3, boric acid 10, talc 87; antiseptic dusting powder. p. tragacan'thee compos'itus (Br.), compound powder of tragacanth; tragacanth, acacia, starch, of each z, sugar 3 ; employed as an excipient for pills and for making mixtures. pump. An apparatus for forcing a fluid, either gas or liquid, from or to any part, breast p., a suction instrument for withdrawing milk from the bresist. dental p., a contrivance for prevent- ing an accumulation of saliva in the mouth during operations on the teeth, stomach p., an apparatus for removing the contents of the stomach by means of suction. pump'kin-seed. Pepo. punch (L. pungere, to stick, to punch.] i. An instrument for making a hole or indentation in some solid material or for driving out a foreign body inserted in a hole in such material. 2. An instrument for extracting the root of a tooth. pin-p., an instrument for perforating the metal plate to receive the pins for fastening an artificial tooth, plate p. an instrument for cutting out portions of the artificial tooth plate. punc'ta. Plural of punctum. punc'tate [L. punciare, to dot.] Marked with points or dots differentiated from the surround ing surface by color, elevation, or texture. punc'tio. The act of pricking or dotting. punc'tum, gen. punc'ii pi. punc'ia [L.] A point the tip of a sharp process; a minute round spot differing in color or otherwise in appearance from the surrounding tissues, p. caecum, the blind spot on the retina where the optic nerve enters the eyeball, p. coxa'le, the highest point of the crest of the ilium, p. doloro'sum, painful point, see Valleix's* points, p. ischiad'icum, the lower part of the tuberosity of the ischium, p. lacri- ma'le [BNA], laorymal punctum or opening, the minute circular opening of the lacrymal duct, on the margin of each eyelid near the inner com- missure, p. lu'teum, macula lutea. p. nasa'le infe'rius, rhinion. p. prox'imum, near point.* p. remo'tum, far point.* p. vasculo'sum, one of the minute dots seen on section of the brain, due to small drops of blood at the cut extremi- ties of the arteries, p. sa'Iiens, the circum- scribed expansion of the blood-vessel which is the primitive heart in the embryo. punctu'ra [L.] Puncture, p explorato'ria, explora- tory ptmcture. punctura'tio. The act of puncturing. puncture (punk'chur) [L. punctura; pungere, to prick.] I. To make a hole with a small pointed object, such as a needle. 2. A prick or small hole made with a pointed instrument, diabet'ic p., Bernard's p , a puncture at a point in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, which is followed by glycosuria, explor'atory p., p of a cavity or tumor with a hollow needle to deter- mine the presence or absence of fluid or gas, and its nature, if present, lumbar p., Coming's p., Quincke's p., insertion of a hollow needle through the spinal membranes between the third and PUNCTURE 836 PURKINJE'S CELLS fourth lumbar vertebrae in order to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space. spinal p., lumbar p. pimc'tured. Pierced, pricked, p. wound, a wotind made with a sharp-pointed cylindrical object. pungent (pun'jent) [L. pungere, to penetrate.] Sharp, acrid; said of the taste or odor of a sub- stance. p'u'nica. Granatum. pu'nicin. Granatin, mannite from the bark of the pomegranate. pu'nicine. Pelletierine, one of four alkaloids {punicine, isopunicine, methylpunicine, and pseudopunicine) from the bark of the pome- granate (see granatum), a mixture of the tannates of which constitutes the official pelletierinse tannas. P.tr.O. Abbreviation for pyrexia of unknown (or uncertain) origin, a term applied to various febrile conditions, including trench fever, ob- served among troops at the front in the world war; there are at least three forms: a relapsing form (trench fever), one with a single short initial pyrexia, and one marked by prolonged initial fever. pu'pa [L a doll.] A stage in the development of an insect between the larva and the imago ; when quiescent, as in the moth, the pupa is sometimes called chrysalis; when active, as in the mosquito, it is called nymph. pu'pil [L. pupilla, dim. of pupa, a girl or doll.] The circular orifice, in the center of the iris through which the light rays enter the eye. Ar'gyll- Rob'ertson p., one in which the accommodation reflex persists while the light reflex is lost. artifi'cial p., an opening made by excision of a portion of the iris in order to improve the vision in cases of central opacity of the cornea or lens, etc. bound'iag p., anisocoria in which there is a rapid dilatation of the pupil alternating with con- traction, cat's-eye p., a distorted pupil elon- gated in the vertical axis, ezclu'sion of the p., the condition resulting from posterior annular syne- chia, in which the iris is bound down throughout the entire pupillary margin, but the pupil is not occluded, key'hole p., a p. with an artificial coloboma on one side of the pupillary margin. occlu'sion of the p., the presence of an opaque membrane closing the pupillary area, pinhole p., an extremely contracted pupil, seclu'sion of •the p., exclusion of the p. stiff p., Argyll- Robertson p. absence, acorea, atretopsia. contraction, miosis, myosis corephthisis, coreclisis, stenocoriasis, stnocoria dilatation, corediastasis, corectasis, mydriasis, platy- coria. double^ diplocoria. equality in size of the two, isocoria. examination, pupilloscopy , coroscopy. imper- f oration, atretopsia. inequality in size of the two, aniso- coria. instrument for measuring, coreometer, pupillome- ter. irregularity in shape, dyscoria, coremetamorphosis. making an artificial, see under iris, malposition, corectopia. measurement of, coreometry, pupillom- etry. multiple, polycoria. obliteration, coreclisis, synizesis pupillse. pupil'la [L.] Pupil of the eye, the circular opening in the center of the iris. pu'pillary, pu'pilary. Relating to the pupil. pupillom'eter [L. pupilla, pupil, -I- G. metron, meas- ure.] Corometer, coreometer. pupillos'copy [L. pupilla, pupil, + skopeS, I view.] Coroscopy, skiascopy.* pu"pillostatom'eter [L. pupilla, pupil, + G. statos, placed, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the distance between the centers of the pupils. pu'ral. Trade name of a mixture of menthol, phenol, benzoic acid, and charcoal, used for fumigation. Pur'dy's meth'od [Charles Wesley I%rdy, American physician, 1846-1901.] Determination of the amounts of chlorides, sulphates, and other salts, and of albumin in the urine by centrifugation. P.'s solu'tion, a modified Fehling's solution, con- sisting of copper sulphate 4.752, potassium hydrate 23.5, stronger ammonia water 350, glycerin 38, distilled water to make 1000. pure [L. purus.] Unadulterated, free from ad- , mixture with any extraneous matter. pur'gatln, pur'gatol. Anthrapurpurin diacetate, a yellow, tasteless powder, insoluble in Water; purgative in doses of gr. 8-30 (0.5-2.0). purga'tion. A purging, causing an evacuation of the bowels by cathartics, catharsis. pur'gative. Cathartic. purge (purj) [L. purgare, to cleanse.] 1. To cause a copious evacuation of the bowels, a. A cathar- tic remedy. pur'gen [Lat. purgare, to purge.] Proprietary name of a preparation of phenolphthalein, em- ployed as a laxative in doses of i to 5 grains (0.06 to 0.33). purging (pur'jing). Causing a free evacuation of the bowels, p. agar'ic, agaricus. p. buckthorn, rhamnus cathartica. p. cassia, cassia fistula, p. nut, curcas purgans. p. root, the root of Euphorbia* corollata, a tree of eastern North America. pu'rifonn [L. pus{pur-), pus, -f forma, form.] Resembling pus. purine (pu'rin) [L. purus, pure, -f- urina, urine.] The mother substance, CSH4N4, of the uric-acid group of bodies; it is not known to exist as such in the body; there are three purine groups, viz., oxypurines, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid; aminopurines, adenine and guanine; and methyl purines, caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, p. ba'ses, p. bod'ies, adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, paraxanthine, heteroxanthine, theophylline, theobromine, caf- feine; see also alloxur* bases, nuclein* bases, pyrimidine* bases, xanthine* bases. PuRKiNjs Cell. purine'mia, purinas'mia [purin + G. haima, blood.] The presence of purine or xanthine bases in the blood. purine'mic. Relating to or suffering from purine- mia. purinom'eter [purin + G. metron, measure.] A device for determining the amount of purine or xanthine bases in the urine. Purkinje's cells or cor'puscles (poor-kin'zheh) [Johannes Evangelista von Purkinje, Bohemian anatomist, 1787-1869.] Large piriform nerve-cells, with many branches, between the molectdar and PURKINJE'S CELLS 837 PUSTULE granular layers of the cerebellar cortex. P.'s fi'bers, interlacing fibers formed of large muscle- cells with central granulated protoplasm, con- taining one or two nuclei and a transversely striated peripheral portion; they are found be- neath the endocardium in the heart-muscle of the young child. P.'s figures, shadows of the retinal vessels, seen as dark lines on a yellowish field when a candle is held to the side of the eye in a dark room. P.'s im'ages, three reflections of an image, noted by one looking at the pupil of another person, formed by the anterior surface of the cornea and the two surfaces of the crystalline lens ; the first two are upright and virtual images, that from the posterior surface of the crystalline is inverted and real; called also Purkinje-Sanson mirror images. P.'s net'work, the network formed by P.'s fibers beneath the endocardium. P.'s phenom'enon, a blue object which; in a strong light, seems of equal brightness with a red one, appears to be brighter than the red one when the light is dimmer. P.'s ves'icle, the nucleus of the mammalian ovum. Purkinje-Sanson images. Pvu-kinje images. Pur'maun's meth'od [Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann German surgeon, 1648-17 21.] Treatment of aneurysm by extirpation of the sac. puTohepatitis (pu"ro-hep-a-ti'(te')tis). Suppura tive inflammation of the liver, hepatic abscess. puromu'cous. Mucopiirulent, containing both pus and mucus. purple (pur'pl) [L. purpura.] A color formed by a mixture of blue and red. vis'ual p., rhodopsin. purpura (pur'pu-rah) [L. from G. porphyreos, purple.] An affection characterized by hemorrhage into the skin, the color being at first red, becoming gradu- ally darker, then purple, fading to a brownish yel- low, and finally, in the course of two or three weeks, disappearing; it may result in a permanent pig- mentation; extravasations occur also into the mucous membranes and internal organs. Hen'- och's p., an infectious disease of childhood, similar to p. rheumatica; see Henoch, malig'nant p., cerebrospinal fever, p. angioneurot'ica, a diseas'e marked by angioneurotic edema, petechise, and hyperesthesia of the skin and gastric mucous membrane, the latter expressed in the form of gastric crises, p. annula'ris telangiecto'des, Majocchi's disease, an eruption of punctate or larger purpuric spots, often grouped in ring form, associated with more or less pronounced telangiectasia, p. bullo'sa, pemphigus hsemor- rhagicus. p. ful'minans, a severe and rapidly fatal form of p. haemorrhagica, occurring espe- cially in children; Henoch's* p. p. hamorrhag'- ica, land scurvy, morbus maculosus WerlhofEi; a disease, probably infectious, characterized by ex- tensive ecchymoses, hemorrhages from the mucous membranes,- and prostration of a typhoidal nature; it lasts from a few weeks to several months, and may terminate fatally, p. iod'ica, iodic p., an eruption of discrete miliary petechias, usually confined to the lower extremities, appear- ing in rare instances during the administration of any of the iodides, p. nau'tica, p. scorbutica. p. nervo'sa, Henoch's* p. p. papillo'sa, lichen lividus. p. pu'Ucans, p. pulico'sa, petechise caused by the bites of insects and animal parasites, p. rheumat'ica, pehosis rheumatica, Schonlein's disease ; p. associated with erythema multiforme, occurring with acute rheumatic ar- thritis, p. scorbu'tica, scorbutus, scurvy, p. seni'lis, the occurrence of petechias and ecchymo- ses on the legs in aged and debilitated subjects. p. sim'plex, a hemorrhagic eruption in the form, of petechiae or larger ecchymoses, usually unac- companied by constitutional symptoms. ' p. symptomatica, a petechial eruption in scarlet fever and other exanthemata, p. urti'cans, p., simplex accompanied by an urticarial eruption. puipu'ric. Relating to or affected with purpura. purpurif'erous [L. purpura, a purple dye, + ferre, to bear.] Forming a purple pigment; forming the visual purple. purpurigenous (pur-pu-rij'en-us) [L. purpura, a pur- ple dye, 4- G. gennao, I produce.] Purpuriferous. pur'purin. i. Uroerythrin. 2. A violet stain de- rived from madder. purpurinu'ria [purpurin + G. ouron, urine.] Por- phyrinuria, the excretion of purpurin, or uroery- thrin, in the urine. purpurip'arous [L. purpura, a purple dye, + parere, to bring forth.] Purpuriferous. purr. A low vibratory murmur, like the sound of contentment made by a cat ; purring thrill. purr'ing frem'itus or thrill. A vibratory fremitus felt on palpation over the heart in certain cases of valvular disease, or over an aneurysm. pur'sianin. A laxative glucoside from cascara sagrada. pu'rulence, pu'rulency [L. purulentus, festering.] Suppuration; the condition of containing or pro- ducing pus. pu'rulent [G. purulentus, festering.] Suppurative, suppurating, containing or forming pus. puruloid (pu'ru-loyd) [L. pus{pur-), pus, + G. eidos, resemblance.] Puriform: pus [L.] A fluid product of inflammation, consist- ing of a liquid (liquor puris) containing leuco- cytes {pus-corpuscles) and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquefied by the proteolytic and histolytic ferments which are elaborated by the pus-organisms or leucocytes, blue p., p. tinged with pyocyanin, a product of Bacillus pyocyaneus. cheesy p., a very thick almost solid pus resulting from the absorption of the liquor puris. curds P-> J'us containing flakes of caseous matter, ichorous p. (i'kor-us), thin pus con- taining shreds of sloughing tissue, and sometimes of a fetid odor; ichor, green p., blue p. when, as sometimes happens, it has more of a green hue. laud' able p., typical creamy yellow pus. p. bo'num et laudab'ile, good and laudable p., the old term for typical pus of thick creamy con- sistence and yellowish color, thought to indicate a healthy inflammatory process tending to recov- ery, sa'nious p., ichorous p. stained with blood'. pus-basin. A receptacle curved so as to fit closely the surface to which it is applied, used to re- ceive the pus from a wound during its cleansing and redressing. pus-cor'puscle. One of the cells, chiefly polymor- phonuclear leucocytes, constituting the formed . elements in pus, pyocyte. pus-or'ganisms. Bacteria causing suppurative in-^ flammation, chiefly staphylococci and strepto- cocci, though other forms ,of bacteria, as gono* cocci and pneiunococci, also excite suppuration. pus -tube (pus'tiib). Pyosalpinx. pus'tula [L.] Pustule. pus'tulant [L. pustulare, to cause pustules, to blister.] i. Causing a pustular eruption, a. . An agent producing pustules. pus'tular. Relating to or marked by pustules. pustula'tion. The formation or the presence of pustules. pustule (pus'tul) [L. pustula, blister, pustule.] A small circumscribed elevation on the skin, con- PUSTULE 838 PYGMY taining pus. malig'nant p., cutaneous anthrax; a form of anthrax* in which the characteristic lesion begins as a papule which soon becomes a vesicle and breaks, discharging a bloody serum; the seat of this vesicle, in about 36 hours, becomes a bluish black necrotic mass; the constitutional symptoms are severe — high fever, vomiting, pro- fuse sweating, and extreme prostration; the af- fection is often fatal in its termination, post- mortem p., an ulcer, on the knuckle usually, re- sulting from infection during a dissection or the making of an autopsy. pus'tuliform [L. pusiula, pustule, + forma, form.] Having the appearance of a pustule. pus'tulocrusta'ceous. Marked by pustules crusted with dry pus. puta'men [L. paring.] [BNA]. The outer, larger, and darker gray of the three portions into which the lenticular nucleus is divided by laminas of white fibers; it is connected by intervening bands of gray substance with the caudate nucleus. Put'nam's type [James Jackson Putnam, Boston neurologist, *i846.] Combined spinal sclerosis (involving both posterior and lateral columns) coniplicating pernicious anemia and cachectic states. putrefac'tion [L. putrefacere, to putrefy.] Decom- position, the cleavage or splitting up of the molecules of a protein, resulting in the formation of other substances of less complex constitution with the evolution of ammonia or its derivatives and sulphureted hydrogen. putrefac'tive [L. puier{putr-), rotten, +'facere, to make.] Relating to or causing putrefaction. pu'trefy [L. puter(puir-), rotten, + facere, to make.] I. To cause to become putrid, x. To become putrid, to rot. pu'trefying. Undergoing putrefaction, decompos- ing, rotting. putrescence (pu-tres'ens). Decay, rottenness, pu- tridity. putrescent (pu-tres'ent) [L. putrescere, to decay.] Putrefying, becoming rotten. putrescible (pu-tresl-bl). Subject to decay. putrescine (pu-tres'8n). A poisonous ptomaine, tetramethylenediamine, . C4Hi2N2, isolated by Brieger from putrid flesh and from cultures of the cholera bacillus. pu'trid [L. puiridus.'] Decayed, rotten. pu'trilage. Rottenness, putrid substance. Puzos' meth'od (pu-zo') [Nicolas Puzos, Parisian accoucheur, 1686-1753.] Early rupture of the membranes in placenta prsevia. pys'mia. Pyemia. pyarthrosis (pi-ar-thro'sis) [G. pyon, pus, + arthrosis, a jointing.] The presence of pus in the cavity of a joint. Pycnan'themum [G. pyknos, thick, + anikemon, blossom.] Mountain mint, a genus of plants, having aromatic and carminative properties, used in domestic medicine as a tonic. pycne'mia, pycnae'mia [G. pyknos,. thick, + haima, blood.] Pycnohemia, inspissation of the blood. pycnid'ium [G. pyknos, dense.] In botany, the receptacle, in Ascomyceies, in which the gonidia, or stylospores, are produced. pycnocar'dla [G. pyknos, frequent, + kardia, heart. Tachycardia. pycnohe'mia, pycnohte'mia. Pycnemia. pycnom'eter [G. pyknos, thick, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the specific grav- ity of any substance. pycnomor'phous [G. pyknos, thick, + morphe, form, shape.] Noting a cell or tissue which stains deeply owing to the fact that the stainable material is closely packed. pycnophra'sia [G. pyknos, thick, + phrasis, speech.] Thickness of utterance. pycno'sis [G. pyknos, dense.] Thickening, condensa- tion ; specifically a condensation and reduction in size of the cell or its nucleus, usually associated with hyperchromatosis. pycnosphyg'mia [G. pyknos, frequent, + sphygmos, pulse.] Rapidity of the pulse, tachycardia. pycnot'ic. Relating to or characterized by pycnosis. pyecchysis (pi-ek'I-sis) [G. pyon, pus, -I- ek, out, -t- chysis, a pouring.] A discharge of pus. pyelit'ic. Relating to pyelitis. pyelitis (pi-S-li'(le')tis) [G. pyelos, a pan (pelvis), + -j'/ii.] Pyelonephritis, inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney. pyelocystitis (pi-S-lo-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. pyelos, a pan (pelvis), -1- kystis, bladder, + -»'(«.] Inflamma- tion of the renal pelvis and the bladder. pyelogram (pi'S-lo-gram). A roentgenogram of the renal pelvis and ureter. pyelography (pi-el-og'ra.-fI) [G. pyelos, pan (pelvis), + grapho, I write.] Radiography of the ureter and pelvis of the kidney after these have been fllled with a solution of silver salts; pelviureterog- raphy, ureteropyelography. pyelolithot'omy [G. pyelos, a pan (pelvis), -I- Uihos, stone, + tome, incision.] Incision into the pelvis of the kidney for the removal of a calculus. pyelom'eter [G. pyelos, a. pan (pelvis), + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the diameters of the pelvis in the living woman; pelvimeter. pyelonephritis (pi"el-o-nS-fri'(fre')tis) [G. pyelos, pan (pelvis), -I- nephros, kidney, + -iiis.] Inflam- mation of the kidney with special involvement of the renal pelvis. py"elonephro'sis [G. pyelos, a. pan (pelvis), + nephros, kidney, -H -osis.] Any disease of the pelvis of the kidney. pyelopUcation (pi"el-o-pli-ka'shim) [G. pyelos, a pan (pelvis), 4- L. plicare, to fold.] Operation of taking tucks in the wall of the renal pelvis when unduly dilated by a hydronephrosis. pyeloscopy (pi-6-los'ko-pi) [G. pyelos, pelvis, + skopeo, I view. ] Fluoroscopic observation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney after the injec- tion through the ureter of an opaque solution. pyelot'omy [G. pyelos, a pan (pelvis), + toml, incision.] Incision into the pelvis of the kidney. pyemia, pyaamia (pi-e'ml-ah) [G. pyon, pus, -f- haima, blood.] The presence of pus in the blood ; a form of septicemia in which the invading organ- ism gives rise to foci of suppuration manifested by multiple abscesses, phlebitis, etc. cryptogen'ic p., one the source of which is not evident, the focus being concealed in the deeper tissues. por'tal p., suppurative pylephlebitis. pyemic (pi-e'mik). Relating to or suffering from pyemia. pyemesls (pi-em'e-sis) [G. pyon, pus, + emesis, vomiting.] The vomiting of pus. pyencephalus (pi-en-sef'al-us) [G. pyon, pus, + enkephalos, brain.] Abscess of the brain, pyo- cephalus. pyesis (pi-e'sis). Pyosis. py'gal [G. pyge, buttocks.] Relating to the buttocks. pygal'gia [G. pyge, buttocks, -f- algos, pain.] Pain in the buttocks. pygmy, pigmy (pig'ml) [G. pygmaios, dwarfish.] A PYGMY 839 PYOGENIC, PYOGENETIC Pygopagus with Fused Sacrum and Coccyx. The fetus on the left is also a Notencephalus. physiological dwarf, especially one of a race, of similar beings, such as the pygmies of Central Africa. pygodidymus (pi'go-didlmus) [G. pyge, buttocks, + didymos, twin.] A twin monster joined above but with the buttocks and parts below doubled. pygop'elus [G. pyge, buttocks, + melos, part.] A double monster in wliich the parasite is repre- sented by a fleshy mass, or rarely a more fully developed limb, attached to the sacral or coccy- geal region of the autosite. pygop'agus [G. pyge, but- tocks, + pagos, fastened together.] A double monster, the two de- veloped individuals be- ing joined at the but- tocks, usually back to back. py'ic. Relating to pus, purulent. py'in [G. pyon, pus.] A nucleoalbtmiin consti- tuting the chief al- biuninous constituent of the pus-corpuscles. pykno-. Por words so be- ginning, see under pyctto-. py'la [G. pyle, gate.] The orifice of aommunica- tion between the par- aqueduct and aqueduct of Sylviiis (aquaeductus cerebri). py'lar. Relating to the pyla. pylemphraz'is [G. pyle, gate, -t- emphraxis, a dam.] Obstruction in some portion of the portal vein. py"lephUbecta'sia [G. pyle, gate, -I- phleps(phleb-), vein, + ekiasis, extension.] Dilatation of the portal vein. pylephlebitis (pi-le-fl5-bi'-(be')tis [G pyle, a gate, + phleps^phleb-), veia, + -itis.] Inflammation of the portal vein or any of its branches, adhe'- sive p., inflammation of the portal vein or its branches, leading to thrombosis. pylethrombophlebitis (pi"l6-throm"bo-phlS-bi'(be')- tis) [G. pyle, gate, + thrombos, a clot, + phleps {phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Inflammation of the portal vein with the formation of a thrombus. pylethrombo'sis [G. pyle, gate, + thrombos, clot.] Thrombosis of the portal vein or any of its "branches. py'Uc. Portal, relating to the vena portae. pylon (pi'lon) [G. pyU, a gateway.] A temporary artificial leg (possibly intended for pillion, mean- ing primarily a woman's saddle or cushion for an extra rider). pyloral'gia [G. pyloros, pylorus, + algos, pain.] Pain in the pyloric region of the stomach. pylorec'tomy [G. pyloros, pylorus, -I- ektome, ex- cision.] Excision of the pylorus. pylor'ic. Relating to the pylorus. ' pyloristenosis (pi-lor-1-sten-o'sis) [G. pyloros, pylorus, H- stenosis, a narrowing.] Stricture or narrowing of the orifice of the pylorus. pyloritis (pi-lo-ri'(re')tis) [G. pyloros, pylorus, -1- -«■<«.] Inflammation of the pyloric end of the stomach. pylorodio'sis [G. pyloros, pylorus, -t- diosis, pushing apart.] Operative dilatation of the pylorus. , pylo'roplasty [G. pyloros, pylorus, -I- plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the pylorus. pyloroptosia (pi-lor-op-to'sl-ah) [G. pyloros, py- lorus, -I- ptosis, a falling.] Downward displace- ment of the pyloric end of the stomach. pylo'rospasm. Spasmodic contraction of the pylorus . pyloros'tomy [G. pyloros, pylorus, -I- stoma, mouth.] Establishment of a fistula leading from the ab- dominal surface into the stomach near the pylorus. pylo'rus [G. ^yteroi. a gatekeeper.] [BNA] Pyloric orifice; the aperture between the stomach and small intestine (duodenum). pyo- [G. pyon, pus.] A prefix denoting supp\|Lration or an accumulation of pus. pyocele (pi'o-sel) [G pyon, pus, + keH, tumor, hernia.] An accumulation of pus in the scrotum. pyoce'lia, pyocoe'lia [G. pyon, pus, -t- koilia, a. cavity.] Pus in the abdominal cavity, pyoperito- neum. pyoceph'alus [G. pyon, pus, -1- kephale, head.] A purulent effusion within the cranium, cir'cum- Ecribed p., abscess of the brain, ezter'nal p., meningeal suppuration, inter'nal p., the presence of pus in the cerebrospinal fluid. pyochezia (pi-o-ke'zi-ah) [G. pyon, pus, + chezo, I defecate.] A discharge of pus from the bowel. pyococ'cus. One of the micrococci causing suppu- ration, especially Streptococcus pyogenes; see pus-organisms. pyocolpocele (pi-o-kol'po-sSl) [G. pyon, pus, + kolpos, sinus (vagina), + kele, tiunor, hernia.] Pyocolpos. pyocolpos (pi-o-kol'pos) [G. pyon, pus, + kolpos, sinus (vagina).] An accumulation of pus in the vagina. pyoc'tanin. See pyoktanin. pyoculture (pi'o-kul-chur) [G. pyon, pus.] Pep- tonized bouillon is inoculated with a few drops of pus and, after 24 hours in the incubator, the cvdture is compared with the rest of the pus as a control; if the growth is less pronounced in the bouillon than in the unsown pus, the culture is said to be positive, the indication being that the organism is having a hard struggle to repress the bacterial invasion. pyocyanase (pi-o-si'an-az). A bacteriolytic enzyme formed in cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneu-Sf it is alleged to dissolve a number of pathogenic bacte- ria, fespecially those of anthrax, diphtheria, plague, and typhoid fever, but not B. tuberculosis. pyocyan'ic. Relating to blue pus or the bacillus of blue pus, B. pyocyaneus. pyocyanin (pi-o-si'an-in). The blue pigment formed by Bacillus pyocyaneus. py"ocyanogen'ic [G. pyon, pus, -i- kyanos, blue, + gennao, I produce.] Pyocyanic, causing blue pus, producing pyocyanin. pyocyanol'ysin. An hemolysin formed by Bacillus pyocyaneus. py'ocyst [G. pyon, pus, + kystis, bladder.] A cyst with purulent contents. pyocyte (pi'o-sit) [G. pyon, pus, -I- kytos, cell.] Pus-corpuscle. pyodermatitis (pi-o-dvir-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. pyon, pus, -t- derma(dermat-), skin, + -His.'] Suppiu-a- tive inflammation of the skin, pyodermia. pyodermatosis (pi"o-dur-m&-to'sis) [G. pyon, pus, + derma, skin, -F -oi»s.] Pyodermia. pyoder'mia. Any pustular or other form of suppur- ative disease of the skin. pyodermitis (pi-o-dur-mi'(me')tis). Pyodermatitis. pyogen'esis [G. pyon, pus, + genesis, origin.] The formation of pus. pyogen'ic, pyogenet'ic [G. pyon, pus, -f gennao, I produce.] Pus-forming ; relating to pus formation p. fever, pyemia. PYOGENOUS 840 PYRAMIDAL pyogenous (pi-oj'en-us). Pyogenic; caused by pus or suppuration. pyohemia, pyohaemia (pi-o-he'ml-ah). Pyemia. py'ohemotho'rax, py"oh8emotho'rax [G. pyon, pus, + haima, blood, + thorax.] The presence of pus and blood in the pleural cavity. py'oid [G. pyon, pus, + eidos, resemblance.] Re- sembling pus, puriform. pyok'tanin blue [G. pyon, pus, + ktantes, a murderer.] Trade name for methyl violet, an oxidation product of dimethylaniline ; a purple crystalline powder, soluble in 75 parts of water; antiseptic, analgesic, employed in diseases of the mucous membranes, ulcers, wounds, syphilis, and cancer. p. yel'low, apyonin, a yellow powder; antiseptic, employed in ophthalmic practice. pyolabyrinthitis (pi-o-lab-I-rin-thi'(the')tis) [G. pyon, pus, + labyrinihos, labyrinth, + -iiis.J Suppura- tive inflammation of the labyrinth of the ear. pyometra (pi-o-me'trah) [G. pyon, pus, + meira, uterus.] An accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity. pyonephritis (pi-o-nS-fri'(fre')tis) [G. pyon, pus, + nephros, kidney, + -iiis.] Suppurative inflam- mation of the kidney. pyonephro'sis [G. pyon, pus, -I- nephros, kidney, + -osis.] The distention of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney with pus. py'onex [G. pyon, pus, + ex, out.] Acupuncture, Baunscheidtism ; also the instrument, composed of a number of needles set in the extremity of a cylinder, used for performing acupuncture. pyoovarium (pi"o-o-va'ri-um) [G. pyon, pus, + L. ovarium, ovary.] The presence of pus in the ovary, an ovarian abscess. pyopericarditis (pi"o-per-i-kar-di'(de')tis). Suppura- tive inflammation of the pericardium. py"opeiicar'dium [G. pyon, pus.] An accumulation of pus in the pericardial sac. pyoperitonitis [pi"o-per-I-t6-ni'(ne')tis) [G. pyon, pus, + peritonaion, peritoneum, + -itis."] Sup- purative inflammation of the peritoneum. py"operitone'um [G. pyon, pus.] An accumulation of pus in the peritoneal cavity, pyocoelia. py"ophtharinia, pyophthalmitis (pi"of-thal-mi'(me')- tis) [G. pyon, pus, + ophthalmos, eye, + -itis.l Suppurative inflammation of the eye. py"ophylac'tic [G. pyon, pus, + phylaktikos, guard- ing.] Protecting against purulent infection or pus-absorption; noting a membrane lining the wall of an abscess. py"ophysome'tra [G. pyon, pus, -I- physa, air, + metra, uterus.] The presence of pus and gas in the uterine cavity. pyopneumopericardium (pi"o-nu'mo-pgr-l-kar'dl- um) [G. pyon, pus, + pneuma, air.] The presence of pus and gas in the pericardial sac. pyopneumoperitoneum (pi"o-nu"mo-pSr-!-t6-ne'um) [G. pyon, pus, + pneuma, air.] The presence of pus and gas in the peritoneal cavity. pyopneumothorax (pi"o-nu"mo-tho'raks) [G. pyon, pus, + pneuma, air.] The presence of gas together with a purulent effusion in the pleural cavity, subdiaphragmat'ic p., subphren'ic p., subphrenic abscess associated with perforation of one of the hollow viscera, with resultant escape of gas into the abscess cavity. pyopoiesis (pi"o-poy-e'sis) [G. pyon, pus, + poiesis, a making.] Pyogenesis, pyosis, suppuration. pyoptysis (pi-op'tl-sis) [G. pyon, pus, + piysis, a spitting.] Purulent expectoration, spitting of pus. pyorrhea, pyorrhoea (pi-o-re'ah) [G. pyon, pus, + rhoia, a flow.] A purulent discharge, p. alveo- la'ris, Riggs's disease, Fauchard's disease, a suppurative inflammation of tlje periosteum lining the tooth-sockets, marked by shrinkage, of the gums and loosening of the teeth, p. saliTa'7 ris, a discharge of pus from a salivary duct. pyosalpingitis (pi-o-sal-pin-ji'(je')tis) [G. pyon, pus, + salpinxisalping-'), trumpet, + -itis^ Suppura- tive inflammation of the Fallopian tube. pyosalpingo-oophoritis (pi-"o-sal"ping-go-o-6-for-i'- (e')tis). Pyosalpingo-oothecitis. pyosalpingo -oothecitis (pi"o-sal'ping-go-o-6-the-si'- (se')tis) [G. pyon, pus, + salpinxisalping-"), trumpet, -)- dotheke, ovary, + -itis.] Suppura- tive inflammation of the Fallopian tube and the ovary. pyosalpinx (pi-o-sal'pinks) [G. pyon, pus, -I- salpinx, trumpet (oviduct).] Pus-tube, distention of a Fallopian tube with pus. pyosapremia, pyosapraemia (pi"o-sa-pre'mr-ah) [G. pyon, pus, + sapros, putrid, + haima, blood.] Purulent infection of the blood, pyemia. pyosepticemia, pyoseptiCEemia (pi"o-sep-ti-se'mI-ah) [G. pyon, pus, -I- septikos, putrefying, + haima, blood.] Infection of the blood with several forms of bacteria, both pyogenic and non-pyogenic. pyosis (pi-o'sis) [G.j Suppuration, p. Corlett'i, Corlett's* pyosis. p. Man'soni, Mansop's* pyosis. p. palma'ris, an affection observed in children in the East Indies, characterized by the presence of numerous discrete pustules on the palms, p. trop'ica, Kurunegala ulcers, an af- fection observed by Castellani in Ceylon, marked by the presence of dirty yellowish or blackish lesions, covered with a crust, the re- moval of which leaves a shallow granulating ulcer. pyostatic (pi-o-stat'ik) [G. pyon, pus, + statikos, causing to stand.] i. Arresting the formation of pus. z. An agent which arrests the formation of pus. pyotho'rax [G. pyon, pus.] Empyema. pyoureter (pi-o-u-re'ter) [G. pyon, pus, + oureter, ureter.] Distention of a ureter with pus. pyoxan'thin [G. pyon, pus, + xanthos, yellow.] A reddish yellow pigment obtained from blue pus by oxidation. pyoxan'those. A yellowish pigment obtained from blue pus by oxidation. pyracetosal'yl. A compound of aspirin and anti- pyrine; antipyretic and analgesic in doses of 10 grains (0.6). pyral'oxin. An oxidation product of pjrrogallol obtained by the action of the vapor of ammonia and of oxygen, occurring as a brown powder; recommended in the form of a 10 per cent, oint- ment with vaseline and lanolin in the treatment of eczema and psoriasis. pyr'amid [G. pyramis.] A term applied to a number of anatomical structures having a more or less pyramidal shape. Specifically the petrous por- tion of the temporal bone, ante'rior p, (of the medulla), pyramis (2). cerebell'ar p., pyramis vermis, poste'rior p. (of the medulla), funiculus gracilis, p. of light, a triangular area at the anterior inferior part of the drum membrane, running from the umbo to the periphery, where there is seen a bright reflection of light, p; of the thyroid, median lobe of the thyroid gland, Lalonette's* p. p. of the tym'panum, eminentia pyramidalis [BNA]. p. of the ves'tibule, pyramis vestibuli. renal p., pjTamis renalis. pyram'idal. i. Of the shape of a pyramid. 2 Relating to any anatomical structure called pyramid, p. bone, cuneiform-bone of the carpus, OS* triquetrum [BNA]. PYRAMID ALE 841 PYROBORATE pyramidale (pi-ram-l-dale). Os pjTamidale, os triquetrum [BNA]. pyramlda'lis. See under musculus. pyram'idon. Dimethylamino-antipyrine, a white powder or colorless crystals, soluble in 2 parts of alcohol and in 9 parts of water; antipyretic, ano- dyne, antiasthmatic in doses of gr. 5-8 (o.. 3-0 . 5). p. cam'phorate, used in night sweats of phthisis in doses of gr. 7^15 (0.5-1.0). p. sal'icylate, antirheumatic and antineuralgio in doses of gr. 8—10 (0.5-0.6). pyramis (pir'a-mis) [G.] Pyramid. 1. The pet- rous portion of the temporal bone. 2. Pyramid of the medulla oblongata, a bundle of motor nerve-fibers on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata on either' side of the anterior median fissure between that and the anterior lateral sulcus, p. medul'lse oblonga'ts [BNA], (i) anterior, pyramis (2); (2) posterior, funiculus gracilis, p. rena'lis [BNA], Malpighian pyra- mid, medullary pyramid, one of a number of pyramidal masses seen on longitudinal section of the kidney; they contain the secreting apparatus and the tubules, p. tym'pani, eminentia pyramidalis. p. ver'mis [BNA], a subdivision of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum anterior to the tuber, between it and the uvula, p. vestib'uli [BNA], pyramid of the vestibule, the anterior triangular extremity of the crista vestibuli. pyr'an. Pyranum. pyrau'tin. Paraethoxyphenylsuccinimide, colorless acicular crystals, nearly insoluble in water; anti- pyretic in doses of gr. 5-1 5 (o . 3-1 .0). pyr'anum. Pyrenol, a mixture of salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and thymol, a white crystalline powder of sweetish taste and aromatic odor; employed in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bron- chitis in doses of gr. 10-15 (° ■ ^~' • °)- pyrazine (pi'ra-zen). Antipyrine. p. hexahy'dride, piperazine. py'razol. A derivative of pyrrhol, C5H4N2; its compounds are said to be antispasmodic. pyraz'oline. Antipyrine. pyrec'tic [G. pyrektikos.] Feverish, febrile, pyretic. pyrenemia, pyrensemia (pi-re-ne'ml-ah) [G. pyrin, the pit of a fruit, + haima, blood.] A condition marked by the presence of nucleated blood-cor- puscles. pyrenin (pi're-nin) [G. pyrin, pit of a fruit.] A nuclein in the plasmosome, or nucleolus. pyrenoid (pi're-noyd) [G. pyrin,, pit of a fruit, -f eidos, resemblance.] One of the minute lumi- nous bodies seen in certain protozoan chromato- phores. pyr'enol. Pyranum. pyrethrum (pir'eth-rum) [G. pyrethron, feverfew.] (U.S.) Pyrethri radix (Br.), pellitory, Spanish chamomile, the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum, a shrub native of Morocco; increases the flow of saliva and is employed in atonic pharyngitis and elongated uvula as a masticatory in doses of gr. 30-60 (2.0-4.0). Ger'man p., the root of Anacyclus officinarum, cultivated chiefly in Ger- many; employed as a substitute for the official pyrethrum. pyr'ethri flo'res, Persian insect pow- der, pulvis insecticidus; the dried and powdered partly expanded flower heads of Chrysanthemum roseum and of C. cinerariifolium, yielding the Persian and the Dalmation insect powder, respect- ively, pyr'ethri ra'dix (Br.), pellitory root, pyrethrum (U.S.). _ pyret'ic [G. pyrektikos; pyretos, fever.] Feverish, febrile; relating to fever. pyretico'sis. Any fever. py'retln. Trade name of an antipyretic and analge- sic compound, recommended in doses of gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). pyretogen (pi-ret'o-jen) [G. pyretos, fever, + gen- nao, I produce.] Any agent that excites fever. pyretogenesis (pi"re-to-jen'e-sis) [G. pyretos, fever, + genesis, origin.] The origin and mode of pro- duction of fever. pyretogenet'ic, pyretogen'ic [G. pyretos, fever, + ^genes, producing.] Causing fever, p. bacte'ria, pathogenic bacteria, infection with which causes fever, p. stage, stage of fervescence.* pyretogenin (pi-re-toj'en-in). A product of various pyretogenic bacteria, injection of which causes an eleyp-tion of body temperature. pyretogenous (pi-re-toj'en-us) [G. pyretos, fever, + gennao, I produce.] 1. Caused by fever. ' 2. Causing fever, pyretogenetic. pyretog'raphy [G. pyretos, fever, + graphs, a de- scription.] A treatise on fevers. pyretol'ogy [G. pyretos, fever, -I- -logia.1 The branch of medical science treating of the production and varieties of fever. pyretolysis (pi-rS-tol'i-sis) [G. pyretos, fever, -t- /yiix, loosening, solution.] i. Reduction of fe- ver. 2. The acceleration of lytic processes (see lysis, 2) by an elevation of body temperature. py"retotypho'sis [G. pyretos, fever, + typhosis, crazy vanity; typhos, stupid.] i. Febrile delir- ium. 2. Febrile stupor. pyrex'ia [G. pyrexis, feverishness.] Fever, lo'cal p., acute inflammation. pyrex'ial. Relating to fever; febrile pyretic, feverish. pyr'idine, pyridi'na. A colorless volatile liquid of empyreumatic odor and burning taste, CjHjN, resulting from the dry distillation of organic matter containing nitrogen, and has also been made synthetically; it is employed as a respiratory sedative in asthma and dyspnea, and in angina pectoris in doses of 11K2-8 (0.13-0.5), also by injection in gonorrhea. pyr'iform (L. pyrum(pirum), pear -I- forma, form.] .Piriform. pyrifor'mis. Piriformis, see under musculus. pyrimidine (pi-rim'i-den) . A body closely related to purine, composed of carbon, nitrogen, and N=CH I I hydrogen, forming a ring, HC CH. p. ba'ses, II II N— CH the derivatives of the p. ring, such as cytosine, thymine, and uracile. p. ba'ses, cleavage products of the nucleic acids which are pyri- midine derivatives. Pyrmont, Germany. Chalybeate-carbonated and saline-carbonated waters. Cold. Several springs. Mud baths. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, scrofula, nervous disorders, gastric and hepatic troubles, diseases of women, chlorosis, retarded convalescence, intestinal ca- tarrh, affections of the spleen, obesity, chronic catarrh, urinary diseases, gout, and rheumatism. May 1 to October 10. pyro- [G. pyr, fire.] A prefix denoting fire or pre- pared by fire. pyroacetic spirit (pi-ro-S-se'tik spir'it). Acetone. pyroarsenic acid (pi"ro-ar-sen'ik as'id). A crys- talline acid, H4Asa07, obtained by heating arsenic acid to 180° C. (356° F.). pyrobo'rate. A salt of pyroboric acid. PYROBORIC ACID 842 PYXOL. pyrobo'ric acid. Tetraboric acid, HjBjO,, obtained by heating boric acid. pyrocatechin (pi-ro-kat'e-kin). Orthodioxyben- zene, catechol, an isomer of resorcinol, occurring in acicular needles soluble in water; employed ex- ternally as an antiseptic to meet the same indications as resorcinol. pyrocatechinuria (pi-ro-kat"e-kin-u'ri-ah) [G. ouron, urine.] The presence of pyrocatechin in the urine. pyrocit'ric acid. Citraconic acid. pyrodex'trin. A tasteless substance formed by heating starch. pyr'odin. Acetyl phenylhydrazine, a crystalline powder obtained by treating phenylhydrazine with acetic anhydride ; employed internally as an antipyretic in doses of gr. i-2 (0.03-0". 13), and externally in parasitic skin diseases in 10 per cent, ointment. pjrr'oform. A grayish powder, obtained by the interaction of bismuth oxyiodide and oxidized pyrogallol, employed in the treatment of skin diseases as a substitute for pyrogallol. pyrogal'lic acid. Pyrogallol. pyrogal'lol [G. pyr, fire, + L. (acidum) gallicum + oleum, oil.] (U.S.) Pyrogallic acid, C,Hj(OH)j, a substance obtained from gallic acid by the action of heat, occurring as white shining plates or needles, of bitter taste, soluble in water; employed externally in the treatment of psoriasis, ringworm, and other skin affections, andintemally for hemoptysis in doses of gr. J— i (0.03-0.06). ox'idized p., pyraloxin. p. monac'etate, eugallol. p. sal'icylate, saligallol. p. tiiac'etate, lenigallol. pyrogen (pi'ro-jen). [G. pyr, fire, + gennao, I produce.] Pyretogen, any fever-producing sub- stance. pyrogen'ic [G. pyr, fire, -t- -genes, producing.] Pyretogenic, pyrola (pir'o-lah) [L. pyrusCpirus) , pear-tree.] Round-leaved or false wintergreen, the plant Pyrola rotundifolia, an herb of Europe and North America; employed in epilepsy, uterine diseases, and gravel, and in general as an antispasmodic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). pyroligneous (pi-ro-lig'ne-us) [G. pyr, fire, + L. lignum, wood.] Relating to or produced by the dry distillation of wood. p. acid, wood- vinegar.* p. al'cohol, methyl alcohol, wood-alcohol, p. vin'egar, wood-vinegar. pyrolu'site [G. pyr, fire, -I- lousis, a washing.] Man- ganese dioxide or binoxide, black oxide of man- ganese, mangani dioxidum. pyromania (pi-ro-ma'ni-ah) [G. pyr, fire, + mania, frenzy.] An insane impulse to incendiarism. pyrom'eter [G. pyr, fire, -)- metron, measure.] An in- strument for measuringvery high degrees of heat, beyond the capacity of a mercurial thermo- meter. py'ronin. A basic dye, the chloride of tetramethyl- (pyronin G) or tetraethyl- (pyronin B) diamido- diphenylcarbide trioxide. pyronjrx'is [G. pyr, fire, + nyxis, a pricking.] Igni- pimcture. pyropho'bia [G. pyr, fire, + phobos, fear.] An insane dread of fire. pyrophos'phate. A salt of pyrophosphoric acid; see ferri pyrophosphas py"rophosphor'ic acid. An acid, H^PjO,, obtained by heating phosphoric acid to 213° C. (415° F.); it forms pyrophosphates with bases. Pyroplas'ma [L. pyrum(pirum), pear, -t- G. plasma, a thing formed.] Piroplasma, Babesia.* pyropunc'ture [G. pyr, fire.] Ignipuncture. py'rosaL Antipyrine salicylacetate. pyrosis (pi-ro'sis) [G. a. burning.] The raising of small quantities of acid liquid from the stomach; heartburn. PyToso'ma [L. pyrum(pirum), pear, -f G. soma, body.] Babesia. pyrot'ic. i. Relating to pyrosis. 2. Caustic. pyrotox'in. Any toxic albumin produced in the tissues diiring the progress of a fever. pyrox'ylin, pyrozyli'num [G. pyr, fire, + xylon, wood.] (U.S.) Soluble gun-cotton, obtained by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids on cotton; employed in the preparation of collodion. py'rozone. Trade name of a preparation of hydro- gen peroxide. pyirhol, pyrrol, pyrroline (pir'ol, pir'o-len). A tarry liquid obtained by the destructive distilla- tion of bone, and found also in coal-tar; employed in the manufacture of iodol. p. cell, a white cell which gives the pyrrhol reaction with par- aminobenzaldehyde and hydrochloric acid; peri- thelial cell, Marchand's wandering cell. p. reaction, a pink color changing to red, pro- duced by the action of p. vapor on wood sdde- hyde in the presence of hydrochloric aoid. pythogen'esis [G. pyiho, I decay, + genesis, origin.] 1. Origination from decaying matter. 2. The causation of decay. pythogen'ic [see pythogenesis."] Originating from filth or putrescence, p. the'ory of typhoid fever, a theory that typhoid fever is caused by an increased virulence of the colon bacillus or its transforma- tion into the Eberth bacillus. pythogenous (pi-thoj'en-us) [G. pyiho, I decay, + gennao, I produce ] Pythogenic. pyuria (pi-u'ri-ah) [G. fyon, pus, + ouron, urine.] The presence of pus in the urine when voided. pyxid'ium [G. pyxidion, dim. of pyxis, a box.] In botany, a capsule fruit with transverse dehiscence, the top separating like a lid. pyx'is [G. a box.] Pyxidium. pyxol (piks'ol). Trade name of an antiseptic said to be somewhat similar to the compound solu- tion of cresol (U.S.P.). Q.H. 843 QUARTAN Q q.h. Abbreviation of L. quaque hora, every hour; q.2 h., quaque secunda hora, every second hour; q.3 h., quaque tertia hora, every third hour. qj. Abbreviation of L. quantum libet, as much as is desired. q. P. Abbreviation of quanti-Pirquet. q. _s. Abbreviation of quantum sufficit, as much as is needed; or quantum sufficiat, as much as may be needed. quack. A charlatan j one who pretends to a knowl- edge of medicine which he does not possess. quack'eiy. Charlatanry; a false claim to medical knowledge; treating the sick without knowledge of medicine or authority to practise. quader (kwa'der) [Ger. square.] The precuneus or quadrate lobe of the cerebrum. quadran'giilar [L. quadri-, four, + angu/us, angle.] Noting a figure having four angles. quadrantanopsia (kwad-rant-an-op'sl-ah) [quadrant + anopsia.] Loss of vision in a part, approxi- mately a quarter, of the visual field. quad'rate [L. quadratus, square.] Having four equal sides, square. quadra'^tiptona'tor. Musculus pronator quadratus. quadra'tus [L. square.] A name given to several muscles which are more or less square in shape; see under musculus. quadribasic (kwad-ri-ba'sic). Noting an acid hav- ing four hydrogen atoms which are replaceable by atoms or radicals of a basic character. quad'riceps [L. quadri-, four, + caput, head.] Having four heads, noting a muscle of the thigh, musculus q. femoris, and one of the calf, musculus q. sures, or the combined gastrocnemius (with two heads), soleus, and plantaris, more commonly called musculus triceps surae, the plantaris being counted as a separate muscle, q. ar'tery of the fe'mur, the descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery of the thigh. quadiigemina (kwad-rl-jem'i-nah). Corpora quad- rigemina; see colliculus inferior and colliculus superior. quadrigem'inal [L. quadri-, four, + geminus, twin.] Pour-fold, noting the corpora quadrigemina. quadrigem'inum. One of the corpora quadrigemina. quadrigem'inus. Quadruplet. quadrilat'eral [L. quadri^, four, -I- latus, side.] Having four sides quadrip'ara [L. quadri^, four, -I- parere, to bear.] A woman who has given birth to four children, or who is giving birth to the fourth child. quadrip'arous. Noting a quadripara. quadriplegia (kwod-ri-ple'ji-ah) [L. quadri-, four, H- G. plege, stroke. ', Tetraplegia. quad'risect [L. quadri-, four, + secare, to cut.] To divide into four parts. quadritub ercular (k w o d"r i-t u-b u r'k u - 1 a r) [L. quadri-, four, -t- tuberculum, tubercle. Haying f our tubercles or cusps, as a molar tooth. quadriurate (kwad-ri-u'rat). The urate forming the solid urine of birds and reptiles; the acid urate of human urine. quadriv'alent [L. quadri-(quaUuor), four, -)- valere, to have power.] Having the combining power of four atoms of hydrogen. quadroon'. A child of a white person and a mulatto. Quadru'mana [L. quaituor, four, -f- manus, hadn,] An order of MammaKa, now generally abandoned, which included monkeys, apes, and lemurs; it embraced all now included in the order of Pri- mates, except man. quad'ruped [L. quattuor, four + pes(ped-), foot.] A four-footed animal. quad'ruplet [L. quadruplus, fourfold.] Quadrigemi- nus, one of four children bom at one birth. qualimeter (kwol-im'e-tur) [L. qualis, of what kind, -i- G. metron, measvu-e.] A device for estimating the degree of hardness of the x-rays. qual'itative. Relating to quality and not quantity. q. anal'ysis, an analysis to determine the nature of the substances present without regard to their respective amounts. Quant's sign (kvahnt). A T-shaped depression in the occipital bone occurring in many cases of rickets. quantimeter (kwon-tim'e-tur) [L. quantus, how much, -I- G. metron, measure.] A device for determining the quantity uf x-rays generated by a Crookes or Coolidge tube. quanti-Pirquet (kwahn'te-per'ket). Quantitative cutaneous test; measurement of the amount of sensitiveness to tuberculin by the use of graduated dilutions in the Pirquet* test; see Ellermann*- Erlandsen method. quan'titative. Relating to, quantity, q. anal'ysis an analysis made to determine the actual amount of each substance present quantiv'alence [L. quantus, how much, -f valere, to have power.] Valence. quan'tum [L. neut. of quantus, how much.] A certain definite amount, q. libet, as much as is desired; abbreviated to q.l. q. sufi'icit, q. suf- fic'iat, as much as suffices, as much as may be needed; abbreviated in prescription writing to q.s. or quant, suff. quarantine (kwar'an-ten) [It. quaraniina; quarania, forty.] J.. A period (originally forty days) of detention of ships and their passengers coming from a port where smallpox, yellow fever, or some infectious disease prevails, z. To detain ships and their passengers when the former have come from an infected port, or any of the latter are ill of an infectious disease. 3. A place where passengers coming by ship from an infected port are detained until the incubation period of the disease in question has passed. 4. The isolation of a person sick with a contagious disease, land q. the establishment of a q. against persons ap- proaching a city by land from an infected district. shotgun q., the enforcing of a land q. by means of soldiers or an armed guard. quart, i. A measure of fluid capacity, the fourth part of a gallon, the equivalent of 0.9468 liter. 2. A dry measure holding a little more than the fluid measure, impe'iial q., a liquid measure con- taining about 20 per cent, more than the ordinary quart, or 1.1359 liters. quartan, quartan fe'ver (kwawr'tan) [L. quartanus, relating to a fourth (thing).] A malarial fever the paroxysms of which recur every third day (every fourth day, reckoning the day of the parox- QUARTAN 844 QUILLAJA ysm as the first), due to the sporulation and invasion of new red blood-corpuscles by a proto- zoan blood-parasite, Plasmodium malarite. double q., infection with two independent groups of quartan parasites, so that paroxysms occur on two successive days followed by one day without fever, q. par'asite, Plasmodium malaria, triple q., infection with three independent groups of quartan parasites, so that a paroxysm occurs every day, resembling a double tertian or a quotidian fever. quar'ter [L. quartus, fourth.] The lateral part of the wall of the hoof in the horse, false q., in the horse, a separation in the crust below the seat, in the coronary band, of an injury severe enough to prevent the secretion of homy substance; it occurs usually at the inner quarter and is due to the horse treading on his coronet. quar'ter-crack. Sand-crack. quar'ter-evil. Symptomatic anthrax. quartipara (kwawr-tip'ah-rah) [L. quartus, fourth, + parere, to bear.] Quadripara. quar'tisect [L. quartus, fourth, + secare, to cut.] Quadrisect. quartistemal fkwawr-tl-stur'nal). Relating to the segment of the sternum opposite the fourth inter- costal space ; the fotu-th stemebra, counting from the upper end of the sternum. quarto'nol. Trade name of a mixture of glycero- phosphates in the proportions of calcium and sodium each 2\ grains, quinine -J grain, and strychnine ^^; see tonol. quartz'lite lamp. A mercury quartz lamp, consist- ing of a vacuum tube of quartz at the extremities of which are small U-tubes containing mercury, serving as the positive and negative electrodes. quassa'tion [L. quassare, to shatter.] The breaking up of crude drug materials, such as bark and woody stems, into small pieces to facilitate extraction and other treatment. quassia (kwash'yah) [named from a Negro in Suri- nam who employed it as a tonic] (U.S.) Quassia ligniun (Br.), bitterwood, the wood of Picrasma excelsa {Picrcena excelsa), or of Quassia amara; it is marketed as Jamaica q. and Surinam q. It is employed as a bitter tonic in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3—2.0). The infusion is used as an injection for the destruction of thread worms, q. cup, a cup made of q. wood in which water is allowed to stand over night, acquiring thus the tonic proper- ties of the wood. quas'sin. The bitter principle of Surinam quassia, employed as a tonic in doses of gr. J-J (0.0 1 5-0.03 .) «luas'siin. The neutral bitter principle of Jamaica quassia; employed as a tonic in doses of gr. J-J (0.015-0.03). quater'naiy [L. quarternarius, of four.] i. Noting a chemical compound containing four elements. 2, Fourth in a series, q. syph'ilis, parasyphilis. Quatrefages's an'gle (kS-tr-fazh') [Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Brfeu, French natural- ist, 1810-1892.] Parietal angle.* quebrachamine (ke-brah'chah-men). An alkaloid of quebracho, resembling quebrachine, but melting at a lower temperature and more soluble. quebrachine (ke-brah'chSn). An alkaloid, CjjHjj- NjOa, from quebracho; employed in cardiac dyspnea in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). q. hydrochlo'ride, a salt employed like the alkaloid in doses of gr. |— i^ (0.05-0.1). quebracho (ke-brah'cho) [Port, quebrahacho; que- brar, to break, -I- hacha, axe, referring to the hardness of the wood.] Aspidosperma. q, bianco, white q. q. colora'do, red q. red q., the bark of Loxopterygium lorenzii and other species of L., used as a substitute for cinchona, white q., aspidosperma. queen of the meadow. Eupatorium. queen's delight, queen's root. Stillingia. Qufinu's tho'racoplas"ty (ka-nii') [E. QuSnu, Parisian surgeon, *i852.] Resection of the ribs to allow of retraction of the thorax in the treat- ment of empyema. Quinu-Mayo opera'tion (ka-nii'-ma'o) [E. Quinu; William J. Mayo, American surgeon, *i86i.] Excision of the rectum with removal of the neighboring lymph-glands, for cancer. Quenu-Muret sign (ka-nu'mii-ra') [E. QuBnu.] In a case of aneurysm the main artery ot the limb is compressed and then a puncture is made at the periphery; if blood issues it is assumed that the collateral circulation is well maintained. quercin (kwur'sin). A crystalline carbohydrate, CtH6(OH)a, of bitter taste, contained in acorns and oak-bark. quercitann'ic acid. An acid like tannic acid obtained from oak-bark. quercitann'in. Quercitannic acid. quercitann'oform. A preparation, similar in its uses to tannoform, prepared from quercitannic acid and formaldehyde. quer'cite. A sweet crystalline substance, C,H,- (OH)j, obtained from acorns. quercitiin (kwur'sit-rin). A glucoside, CsjHssOjo, obtained from the bark of Quercus iinctoria, oc- curring in the form of a yellow crystalline powder; it has tonic astringent properties. quercitrin'ic acid. Quercitrin. quer'cus [L. oak.] (N.P.) Theha.r^oi Quercus alha, white oak, stone oak; employed as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-15 (o .6-1.0), and externally in the form of infusion in chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis. querulent (kwer'u-lent). One who is ever suspicious, always opposing any suggestion, complaining of ill treatment and of being sUghted or misunder- stood, easily enraged, and dissatisfied with what- ever is ; the condition is a psychosis of hysterical or paranoiac type. Query's serum (kwer'iz se'rum). A syphilitic antiserum prepared by inoculating monkeys with filtered cultures of the Treponema pallidum in bouillon. Quevetme's i'ron (kS-ven') [Theodore Auguste Quevenne, French physician, 1805-1855.] Fer- rum reductum. Quicherat, France (ke-shg-rS'). Saline-ferruginous- carbonated waters. Used by drinking in anemia and diseases of the stomach. quick [A.S. cwic, living.] i. Pregnant with a child the movement of which is felt. 2 A sensitive part, painful to touch. 3. Eponychium. quickening (kwik'ning) [A.S. cwic, living.] The signs of life felt by the mother as a result of the fetal movements, usually noted first in the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy. quick'Ume. Unslaked lime, calcium oxide, quick'silver [quick, living, + silver.] Mercury, hydrargyrum.* quilla'ia. QujUaja. quillaiae cor'tex (kwilla'ye) (Br.) Soap bark quillaja (U.S.). quiUaja (kwil-lah'yah). (N.P.) Quillaise cortex (Br.) soap bark, Panama bark; the inner bark of Quil- laja saponaria, a large tree of Chile; sometimes employed as a sternutatory in chronic rhinitis and as a shampoo. QUINA 84s QUININiE quina (ke'nah, kwe'nah) [Sp.] Cinchona bark. quinacetine (kwin-as'S-ten). A synthetic alkaloid the sulphate of which has been employed as an analgesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). quinal'gen. Analgen. quinam'icine. An artificial alkaloid made from quinamine. quinam'idine. An artificial alkaloid isomeric -with quinamicine, made from quinamine. quinamine (kwin-am'en). An alkaloid, C19H24- N202, obtained from cinchona bark. quinaphenin (kwin-S-fen'in). A compound of quinine and phenetidin, employed to meet the same indications as quinine. quinaph'thol. Chinaphthol. quinasep'tol. Diaphthol, ortho-oxyquinoline-meta- sulphonic acid; light yellowish .crystals, very slightly soluble in cold water, antiseptic in i per cent, solution; recommended also internally as a urinary antiseptic. quinaquina (ke'nah-ke'nah, kwin'ah-kwin'ah) [a reduplication of quina.] Cinchona bark. quin'ate. A salt of quinic" acid. quince. A tree, Cydonia vulgaris^ of the order Rosacea, yielding a fruit from the seed of which a mucilage is prepared; see cydonium. quince-seed. Cydonium. Quincke's disease', Quincke's ede'ma (kving'keh) [Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke, German physician, *i842.] Acute circumscribed edema of the skin. Q.'s pulse, capillary pulse, as shown by a momen- tary reddening of the nail-bed, blanched by pressure of the finger, with each systole ; a sign of aortic insufficiency with cardiac hypertrophy. Q.'s punc'ture, lumbar puncture for removal of a portion of the cerebrospinal fluid or to determine the tension of the same. Q.'s set, a. trocar', can- nula, and manometer for use in making Q.'s puncture. Q.'s sign, Q.'s pulse. quin'etine. A mixture of cinchona alkaloids in imi- tation of a similar product, called febrifuge, made at the cinchona plantations in the East Indies. quinhy drone (kwin-hi'dron). A reaction product of aqueous solutions of quinone and hydro- quinone. quinia (kwinl-ah). Quinine. quin'ic acid. Kinic acid, a crystalline acid, CjHuOj, obtained from the cinchona barks ; it yields quin- one on treating with sulphuric acid and mangan- ese peroxide, and is converted into benzoic acid on heating with hydriodic acid. quin'icine. An anaorphous alkaloid isomeric with quinine and quinidine. quinid'amlne. One of the cinchona alkaloids. quinidina (kwin-i-de'nah) . Quinidine, conquin- ine, beta-quinine; one of the alkaloids of cin- chona, isomeric with quinine, occurring in color- less shining prismatic crystals, of bitter taste, almost insoluble in water. It is employed, usu- ally in the form of the sulphate or bisulphate, as a substitute for quinine in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1 .0). quinina (kwl-ne'nah). (U.S.) Quinine, the most important of the alkaloids derived from cinchona, CJ0H21N2O2+3HJO, occurring as a white, flaky, odorless, bitter powder, very slightly soluble^ m water; employed as a tonic and antiperiodic, being specific in malaria both as a curative and as a preventive remedy. The uncombined alkaloid is seldom employed, its more soluble salts being used instead; dose, gr. 2-15 (0.13-1.0). quini'nae [L.] Genitive of quinina, of quinine. Q. ace'tas, quinine acetate, a fine white crystalline powder soluble in 7 parts of water; dose, gr. i-io (0.06-0.6). q. albu'minas, quinine albuminate; light yellowish scales, soluble in water, employed as a tonic in doses of gr. 2-15 (0.13-1.0). q. arse'nas, quinine arsenate; white prismatic crystals, nearly insoluble in cold, but freely soluble in hot, water; antiperiodic and tonic in doses of gr. ii-\ (0.005-0.01). q. arse'nis, quinine arsenite, a white powder or acicular needles, slightly soluble m water; antiperiodic in doses of gr. i-i (0.03-0.06). q. ben^zoas, quinine benzoate, white prismatic crys- tals soluble in 350 parts of water; dose gr. 2-20 (0.13— 1.3). q,. bisul'phas (U.S.), quinine bisulphate, acid qui- nine sulphate, colorless, translucent acicular crystals, of bitter taste, very soluble in water; dose gr. 2-15 (0.13-1-0). q. bo'raSy quinine borate, white crystalline powder soluble in water; dose, gr. 3-30 (0.2—2.0). q. bro'maSy quinine bromate, white crystalline mass soluble in 250 parts of water; dose gr. 3-30 (0.2-2.0). q. campho'ras, quinine camphorate, white powder insoluble in water; doses, gr. 3-30 (0.2-2.0^. q. car'bolaSf quinine carbolate, quinine phenate, quinine phenolate, white acieular crystals soluble in 400 parts of water; dose gr. 2-20 (0.13-1.3). q. carbo'nas, quinine carbonate, colorless needle- shaped crystals, soluble in water; dose gr. i-ro (6,06- 0.6). q. chlo'ras, quinine chlorate, white needle-shaped crystals soluble in,water; dose gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). q. chlorhydrophos'phaSf quiiiine chlorhydrophos- phate, or hydrochlorphosphate, or phosphochloride ; a yellow crystalline powder soluble in water; employed in nervous and malarial headaches in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). q. chlorhydrosurphas, quinine chlorhydrosulphate, or hydrochlorsulphate, or sulphochloride; white acicji- lar crystals, very soluble in water; employed hypoder- mically in pernicious malaria in doses of 11]J i o— i s (0.6-1.0) of a 20 per cent, solution. q. ci'tras, quinine citrate, white needle-shaped crystals, very slightly soluble in water; antiperiodic in doses of gr. 2-20 (0.13-1.3). q. dihydrochlo'ridum (U.S.), quininas hydrochlori- dum acidum (Br.), quinine dihydrochloride, occurring as a white odorless, bitter powder, soluble in 0.6 part of water or 12 parts of alcohol; dose, gr. 1^15 (o.i-i.o), q. eo'solas, quinine eosolate, a quinine salt of trl- sulphoacetylguaiacol; a yellow powder of bitter taste,, slightly soluble in water; employed in influenza and malaria in doses of gr. s-io (0.3-0,6). q. et ure'se hydrochlo'r- dum (U.S.), quinine and urea hydrochloride, q. hydrochlorocarbamidum, C20H24N2.- HC1C0(NH2)2, HCI-I-SH2O; occurs in small prismatic crj^tals, soluble in water, containing not less than 58 per cent, of anhydrous quinine; has been used in cholera in doses of gr. 10-15 (0 6-1 , o) hypo derm ically, but is chiefly employed as a local anesthetic in place of cocaine, in subcutaneous injections of a i per cent, solution. q. for'mas, quinine formate, quinoform, chinoform^ occurring in soluble crystals, containing 87 per cent- of quinine; employed hypodermically in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0.2) in malaria, per os in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3) as a general tonic, and in solution (i to 50)- as a collyrium in asthenopia. q. glycerophos'phas (N.P.), quinine glycerophos- phate, white acicular need es or crystalline powder of a bitter taste, soluble n 100 parts of water; employed in nervous exhaustion in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). q. hydrio'didum, quinine hydriodide, quinine iodide, a yellowish powder, slightly soluble in water; employed as an alterative in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). q. hydrobro'midum (U.S.), quinine hydrobromide, white silky needle-shaped crystals, of bitter taste, soluble in 40 parts of water; dose, gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.0). q. hydrochlo'ridum (U.S., Br.), quinine hydro- chloride, quinine muriate, white silky needle-shaped crystals, of bitter taste, soluble in 18 parts of water;, dose, gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.0). QUININE 846 QUINTIN TREATMENT q. hydrochlo'ridum ac'idum (Br.), acid quinine hydrochloride, quinine dihydrochloride, quinine bi- muriate; a white crystalline powder, very soluble in water, employed hypodermically in doses of IIB2-20 (0.13-1.3) of a 30 per cent, solution. q. hydrochlorphos'phas, qujninas chlorhydrophos- phas. q. bydrochlorsul'phas, quininae chlorhydrosulphas, q. hypophos'phis (N.F.). quinine hypophosphite, a white crystalline powder, soluble in water; employed, usually in combination with other hypophosphites, in doses of gr. i-S (0.06-0. 3)- q. lac'tas, quinine lactate, white needle-shaped crystals soluble in water; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). q. lygo'sinas* quinine lygosinate, a quinine salt of diorthocumarketone or of dioxydibenzylacetone; an orange-yellow powder of bitter taste and faintly aro- matic odor, but slightly soluble in water; styptic and antiseptic, employed in surgical dressings. q. phe'nas, quinine phenate, quininae carbolas. q. salicyras (U.S.), quinine salicylate, colorless or pinkish needle-shaped crystals of bitter taste, soluble in 77 parts of water; employed in rheumatism in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0,6). q. sul'phas (U.S., Br.), quinine sulphate, white, lus- trous, silky, needle-shaped crystals of bitter taste, soluble in about 700 parts of cold water; the most frequently prescribed salt of quinine; dose, gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2) as a tonic, gr. 5-15 (0.3-1-0) as an anti- periodic. q. taa'nas (U.S.). quinine tannate, a yellowish white, odorless, and almost tasteless powder, soluble in 800 parts of water, a compound of quinine and tannin, containing from 30 to 35 per cent, of anhydrous quin- ine; dose, gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3); it is sometimes given in preference to the sulphate, especially to children, on account of its slight taste. q. TaVeras (N.F.), quinine valerate, quinine valeri- anate, occurring in the form of colorless plates or needles with a faint odor and taste of valerian; has been recom,mended in neuralgia and nervous headache in doses of gr. i-s (0.06-0.3). quinine (kwin.-5n', kin-en', kwi'nin) [Peruvian, ktna, cinchona bark.] Quinina.* q. and ure'a hydro- chlor'ide, quininse hydrochlorocarbamidum. q. choc'olate, a mixture of quinine hydrochloride and chocolate in which the intense bitter of the quinine is partly concealed, q, dihy^drobromo- guai'acolate, guaiaquinol. q. guaiacol-bisurpho- nate, guaiaquin, a yellowish powder of acid bitter taste, employed as an intestinal antiseptic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). q, u'rethane, a mixture of urethrane and quinine hydrochloride, employed subcutaneously. quininephytin (kwin-in-ef'i-tin). Quinine anhy- dro-oxymethylenediphosphate, a yellowish crys- talline powder, of bitter taste, soluble in water; employed as an antiperiodic and tonic in doses of gr, s-8(o.3-o-5)- quin^inism. Cinchonism. Quin'lan's test. For bile: when a thin layer of bile is examined through a spectroscope, absorption lines appear in the violet. quinochlo'ral. A compound of quinine and chloral, antipyretic in doses of gr. 2-8 (o .13-0 . 5). quln'oform. Chinoform, a compound of quinine or cinchotannin and formaldehyde. quinoidlne (kwin-oy'dfin). Chinoidin, amorphous quinine, a resinous substance consisting of the uncrystallizable cinchona alkaloids; tonic and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 5-30 (o . 3-2 . o). Various salts, borate, citrate, and tannate, are employed for the same purposes and in the same doses. qulnol (kwin'ol, kin'ol). Hydroquinone. quinoUne (kwin'o-lfin, kin'o-l6n). Chinoline, leuco- line, C0H7N, a volatile alkaloid obtained from coal-tar, from the cinchona alkaloids, or made synthetically ifrom aniline ; occurs as a colorless or yellowish liquid, pf a cool taste and a faint odoi resembling that of bitter almond; antipyretic in doses of Tgiio-20 (o . 6-1 . 3), but seldom employed internally; used chiefly in 0.5 per cent, solution as a preservative fluid for anatomical and patho- logical specimens, q.-bis'muth sulphocy'anate, crurin, a reddish yellow granular powder, insol- uble in water; applied as an antiseptic dressing to syphilitic ulcers, and by injection in gonorrhea. q. salicylate, a white crystalline powder; used as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). q. tar'trate, colorless needle-shaped crystals, solu- ble in 80 parts of water; antipyretic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0,3-1.0). quinol'ogy [quina -H G. -logia.'\ The botany, chem- istry, pharmacology, and therapeutics, of cin- chona and its alkaloids. quin'one. Chinone, a substance, C^H^Og, obtained from quinic acid by treating with manganese peroxide and sulphuric acid, it is prepared also from aniline by oxidation. quinotoxin (kwin-o-tok'sin), A poisonous isomer of quinine. quinopyrine (kwin-o-pi'ren) Chinopyrine, anti- pyrine- quinine, a white powder, a compound of quinine hydrochloride and antipyrine; employed subcutaneously in the treatment of malaria in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). quin'osol. Chinosol, potassium oxyquinoline-sul- phonate, a yellow crystalline powder, soluble in water; antiseptic in surgery, and used to preserve anatomical preparations in 5 per cent, solution. quinotropine (kwin-o-tro'pen). Trade name of a compound of quinine and urotropine, a so-called uric acid solvent. quin'ovin. A glucoside obtained from cinchona bark. Quinquaud's disease' (kan-ko') [Charles ^mil Quinquaud, French physician, 1841-1894.] Sup- purative inflammation of the hair-follicles of the scalp, causing a patchy baldness. Q.'s sign, the person to be tested rests the tips of the extended fingers lightly against the palm of the examiner; if the subject is an alcoholic the examiner will presently feel a number of light taps or a grating sensation transmitted through the finger tips. quinquetubercular (kwin-kwe-tu-bux'ku-lar) [L. quinque, five, -1- tuberculum, tubercle.] Having five tubercles or cusps, as certain molar teeth. quinquevalent (Icwin-kweVa-lent) [L. quinque, five, + valere, to have power.] Having a com- bining power equal to five atoms of hydrogen. quinqui'na. Quina quina. quinquiv'alent. Quinquevalen t. quinsy (kwin'ze) [a corruption of cynanche.] Cir- cumtonsillar abscess; acute suppurative inflam- mation of the faucial tonsil and surrrounding tissues, lin'gual q., phlegmonous inflammation of the lingual tonsil and neighboring structures. quin'tan. Recurring every fifth day, i.e. after a free interval of three days. quintess'ence [L. quintus, fifth, -H essentia^ essence.] A concentrated extract. quintipara (kwin-tip'ah-rah) [L. quintus, fifth, + parere, to bear.] A woman who has given birth to five children, or who is giving birth to her fifth child. quintistemal (kwin-tl-stur'nal) [L. quintus, fifth, -f- sternum.] The fifth sternal segment from the top, corresponding to the fifth intercostal space next above the xiphoid appendix. Quintin treat'ment (kan-tafi') [Ren^ Quintin, French physician, contemporary.] Sek-water treatment, see marine serum,'"' QUINTUPLET 847 Q.V. quin'tuplet [L. quiniuplex, fivefold.] One of five children bom af one birth. quionine (kwi'o-nSn, ke'o-nen). Trade name of a mixture of cinchona alkaloids, less bitter than, quinine. quiten'idine. An alkaloid obtained by oxidation from quinidine. quitt'er, quitt'or. A fistula of the coronet of a horse, accompanied by swelling and pain. quiz [L. qucBsitio, inquisition (?).] i. To prepare a student for examination by means of systemati- cally arranged questions covering the entire sub- ject of study. 2. A course of quizzing to prepare a student for examination. 3. A class being prepared for examination by quizzing. quiz-master. One who conducts a quiz. quizz'er. Quiz-master. quotidian (kwo-tid'l-an) [L. quotidiamts.] Daily, occurring every day. q. fever, a malarial fever, the paroxysms of which occur daily; it is usually a double tertian, in which there is an infection by two distinct groups of parasites sporulating al- ternately every forty-eight hours, but may, it is supposed also, be an infection by a form of per- nicious malarial parasite. quotient (kwo'shent) [L, quoties, how often.] The number of times one amount is contained in another, blood q., color index, a figure obtained by dividing the hemoglobin percentage in a specimen of blood by the nimiber of erythrocytes, expressed as a percentage of the normal ntmiber, in the same specimen; it indicates the percentage amount of hemoglobin in the red corpuscles. D q., the ratio of glucose to nitrogen in the urine, pro'tein q., a figure obtained by dividing the amount of the globidin by that of the albumin in a specimen of blood-plasma, respi'ratory q., the figure obtained by dividing the amount of car- bon dioxide in the expired air by that of the oxygen inhaled; it is normally about 0.9. q.v. I. Abbreviation of L. quantum vis, as much fls you wish. 2, Abbreviation of L. quod vidi, which see. R RADIATIO R R. Abbreviation for RSaumur, indicating a ther- mometer scale, and for L. recipe, take, being the superscription of a prescription, usually indicated by the symbol IJ. R. [L. residuum, residue.] v. Behring's term for the mass of tubercle bacilli employed in the prepara- tion of tuberculase. RI, the mass of moist bacHU previous to any treatment ; RII, the mass after the extraction of the substances soluble in alcohol (TZ) ; RIII, the mass remaining after the removal of the constituents of , RII soluble in pure water (TV) ; RIV, the restbacillus, the residue after the extraction of the constituents of RIII soluble in 10 per cent, salt solution (TCrl); this RIV con- tains TC. Ra. Chemical symbol of radium. Raabe's test (rah^Deh) [Gustav Raabe, German physician, *i875.] For albumin in the urine, which is indicated by a white ring formed round a crystal of trichloracetic acid dropped into the filtered urine in a test-tube. rabb'eting [Fr. raboter, to plane.] Impaction of the ragged ends of a broken bone, like the rabbeting of two planks. ra'biate. Rabid. rab'ic. Rabid. rab'id. Relating to or suffering from rabies. rabies (ra'bi-ez) [L. rage, fury.] Lyssa ; hydrophobia (the usual term for the disease in man), an acute infectious disease of dogs, wolves, and other ani- mals, characterized by spasm of the muscles of respiration and deglutition, madness, and other symptoms of profound disturbance of the central nervous system. The lesions (congestion, peri- vasctilar exudation of leucocytes, and minute hemorrhages) are found exclusively in the brain, medulla, spinal cord, and ganglia. The specific organism is believed by most observers to be a protozoon, the so-called Negri* body, present in the substance of the nerve-cells and their processes. It occurs usually in two stages, the spasmodic and the paralytic, dumb r., sullen r. fu'rious r., the form or stage of r. in which the animal is wildly excited, running aimlessly about and snapping at objects, whether living or not, in his way. paralyt'ic r., a form or stage marked by an ascending paralysis, dumb r. sullen r., the paralytic stage of rabies, dumb-madness, drop-jaw. rabietic (r3,-bl-et'ik). Rabid. race. i. A division of mankind, by some regarded as a species, such as the Caucasian, Mongolian, and Negro. 2. A tribal division. 3. An arti- ficial division of animals kept distinct only by careful selection in breeding, r, cul'ture, eugen- ics, r. su'icide, artificial prevention of concep- tion. raceme (ra-sem') [L. racemus, a bunch of grapes.] An indefinite inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on stalks arising from a. long central axis. racemose (ras'e-mos) [L. racemus, a bunch of grapes.] Branching, with nodular terminations, resembling a bunch of grapes, t. adeno'ma, a tumor preserving the racemose glandular form. f. an'euiysm, active dilatation-aneurysm. r. gland, any gland, like the parotid, which has numerous branching ducts terminating in acini. rach-. For words beginning thus, see rhach-. rachitic (r4-kit'ic). Relating to, or suffering frotn, rickets, rickety, r. ro'sary, a row of beading at the jvmction of the ribs with their cartilages, often seen in rachitic children. rachitis (r3,-ki'(ke')tis) [a Greek-like form of the E. rickets.l Rickets: written also rkachiiis. r. feta'lis annula'ris, a congenital enlargement of the epiphyses of the long bones, r. feta'lis micromel'ica, a congenital condition in which the bones are abnormally short, r. intrauteri'na r. uteri'na, r. fetalis. rachitism (rakl-tizm). A rachitic state or tendency. ra'cial. Relating to or characteristic of a race, raclage (rS-klazh') [Pr.] Curettage, scraping. radectomy (rS,-dek'to-mi) [L. radix, root, -t- G. ektome, excision.] Amputation (2), removal of a part or the whole of the root of a tooth. radesyge (rah-da-su'geh) [Nor.] A chronic ulcera- tive disease of uncertain nature, probably either syphilis or leprosy, which prevailed in Norway and Sweden in the i8th century. ra'diad. In a direction toward the radial side. ra'dial [L. radialis.'] l. Relating to the radius (bone of the forearm) or to any structures named from it, or to any radius. 2. Radiating; diverging in all directions from any given center. radialis (ra-d!-a'lis). See under arteria and nervus. ra'dian. An angle whose arc is equal to the length of the radius. radiant (ra'di-ant) [L. radiare, to shine, to radiate.] i. Radiating, giving out rays. ■^, A point from which light radiates to the eye. r. matter, matter (gas) in a state of extreme tenuity, as in a Crookes tube, the particles of which stream forth with great force and rapidity under the influence of a discharge of electricity of high potential. radiate (ra'dl-at). j. To spread out in all directions from a. center. 2. Radial (2). r. lig'ament, stellate ligament, ligamenttmi* radiatum. radiatio (ra-dJ-a'shl-o) [L.] Radiation, r. cor'po- ris callo'si [BNA], radiation of the corpus callo- sum, the spreading out of the fibers of the corpus callosum in the centrum semiovale of each cere- bral hemisphere, r. cor'poris stria'ti [BNA], radiation of the corpus striatum, fibers passing from the thalamus and hypothalamus to the caudate and lenticular nuclei and thence to the cortex, r. occipitothalam'ica [BNA], occipito- thalamio radiation, optic radiation, a longitudi- nal band of fibers in the medullary portion of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum, lying between the tapetura and the fasciculus longitudinalis inferior; the fibers pass from the thalamus, the lateral geniculate body, and the superior quadri- geminal body to the cortex of the occipital lobe. r. op'tica, optic radiation, 1. occipitothalamica [BNA]. r. pyramida'lis, pyramidal radiation, white fibers passing to the cortex from the pyra- midal tract, r. tegmenta'lis, fibers from the RADIATIO 849 RADIUM thalamus, partly from the red nucleus of the tegmentum, passing some through the internal capsule and some through the lenticular nucleus, and terminating in the cortex of the parietal lobe. r. thalam'ica, thalamic radiation, the fibers passing out from the surface of the thalamus and running through the internal cap- sule to reach the cerebral cortex, called also thalamocortical tract and thalamic peduncles. radiation (ra-dl-a'shun). i. The act or condition of diverging in all directions from a center. z. The sending forth of light or any other rays. 3; A cerebral tract or diverging bundle of white fibers in the brain, see radiatio. 4. A ray. radical (rad'I-Id) [L. radix, root.] i. In chemistry, a group of atoms passing as such from one com- pound to another, acting thus like a single atom. 2. The haptophore group of an antibody. 3. Re- lating to the root or cause, thorough; as a radical operation, one which removes every trace of possibly diseased tissue, or makes recurrence impossible. radicle (radl-kl) [L. radicula, dim. of radix, root.] ±. A rootlet or structure resembling one, as the radicle of a vein, a minute veinlet joining with others to form a vein; or the radicle of a nerve, a nerve fiber which joins others to form n nerve 2. Radical (i and 2). radicotomy (rad-I-kot'o-ml) [L. radix (radic-). root, + G. tome, section.] Rhizotomy, radic'ula [L. dim. of rodix, root.] i. Radicle (i). 2 A spinal nerve root, radix. radiculalgia (ra-dik"u-lal'jl-ah) [L. radicula, radicle, + G. algos, pain. Neuralgia due to lesion of the sensory root of a spinal nerve. radic'ular. Relating to a radicle. radiculec'tomy [L. radicula, radicle, + G. ektoma. excision.] Excision of the posterior root of I spinal nerve. radiculitis (ra-dik-u-li'(le')tis) [L. radicula, radicle + G. -itis.l Inflammation of a spinal nerve- root. radioactinium (ra"dJ-o-ak-tin'I-um). A disintegra- tion product of actinium, giving off alpha and beta rays ; its disintegration product is actinium X. ladioactive (ra"dJ-o-ak'tiv) [L. radius, ray, -I- aciivus; agere, to act.] Possessing radioactivity. . r. con'stant, the fraction of the whole amoimt of radioactive substance disintegrating in a given tmit of time; symbol X. radioactivity (ra'dl-o-ak-tiVi-tl) The property of emitting rays or particles of matter, which can pass through various substances opaque to light rays and which produce certain chemical and electrical effects; this property is possessed in an eminent degree by radium and less markedly by uranium, polonium, actinium, and thorium. induced r., r. occurring temporarily in an ordinary substance which has been for a while within the sphere of influence of a radioactive substance. ra'diobe [L. radius, ray, + G. bios, life.] A pecvJiar formation, possibly a crystal, formed in gelatin submitted to the action of radium, thought by J. B. Burke to be a transition form between a crystal and a living microbe. radiobicipital (ra"dI-o-bi-sip'i-tal). Relating to the radius and the biceps muscle. radiocar'pal. 1. Relating to the radius and the bones of the carpus. 2. On the radial or outer side of the carpus. radiochemistry (ra-dt-o-kem'is-trl). The chemistry of radioactive substances. , radiocinematography (ra"di-o-si-ne-ma-tog'ra-fi) [L. radius, ray, + G. kinema, motion, -|- graphs, S4 drawing, writing.] A moving picture of the movements of organs or of the progress of a bismuth suspension, as revealed • by an «-ray examination. radiode (ra'dl-od) [radium + G. odos, way.] A metal container for radium. ladiodermatitis (ra"dI-o-der-ma,-ti'(te')tis) [L. ra- dius, ray, + G. derma, skin, -I- -itis.'\ Actino- dermatitis. radiodiagnosis (ra"dl-o-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis by means of the «-rays. radiodigital (ra"di-o-dij'i(-tal). Relating to the fingers on the radial or outer side of the hand. radiodontia (ra--iSi3.] Ansa peduncularis. R.'s band, R.'s ribbon. R.'s cir'cular or lim'iting sul'cus, sulcus circularis. R.'s is'land, insula. R.'s rib'bon, lemniscus medialis. R.'s sul'cus, sulcus circularis. R.'s tri'angle, trigonum lemnisci. re"implanta'tion. The return of a part to the place whence it was taken, as an extracted tooth to its socket ; replantation. re'lnfec'tion. A second infection by the same microorganism, after recovery from or during the course of a primary infection. reinforcement (re-in-f ors'ment) . i . An increase of force or strength, noting specifically the in- creased sharpness of the patellar reflex wh?n the patient at the same time closes the fist tightly or pulls against the flexed fingers or contracts some other set of muscles. 2. In dentistry, strength- ening a plate by the addition of a piece of metal. re"inocula'tion. A reinfection by means of inocula- tion. Reinsch's test. A strip of copper is placed in the suspected fluid which is then acidulated with hydrochloric acid and boiled ; if arsenic is present a gray deposit occurs on the copper, and this deposit on heating is sublimated and deposited as a crystalline layer on a piece of glass held above the copper strip. re"insu'rance. Insurance by one company in another of all or part of a risk already assumed by the first company. re"inver'sion. The correction, spontaneous or operative, of an inversion, as of the uterus. Reisseissen's muscles (risls-en) [Franjois Daniel Reisseissen, Berlin anatomist, 1 773-1828.] Microscopic smooth muscle fibers in the smallest bronchial tubes. Reissner's mem'brane (ris'ner) [Ernst Reissner, Berlin anatomist, 1824— 1878.] Membrana ves- tibularis Reissneri. rejuvenescence (re-ju-ven-es'ens) [L. re-, again, + juvenescere, to grow young.] i. A renewal of youth; the return of a cell or tissue to a state in which it was in an earlier stage of existence. 2. In botany, the escape of the protoplasm of a cell and its conversion into a cell of a different character, as occurs in certain algae. relapse' [L. re-, back, -f lapsus, a sliding.] The re- turn of a disease after it has once spent its course. relaps'ing. Recurring, said of a disease which returns in a new attack after convalescence has begun. African r. fe'ver, tick fever, an infectious disease marked by a number of recurring attacks of fever with headache and (in Europeans) vomiting; the latter symptom is less constant in the native ; the fever lasts about three days, but the apyretic interval may be from a few days to several weeks; the specific parasite of the form occurring in West Africa, and probably also in South Africa, is a spirochete, Spiroschaudinnia duttoni, the intermediate host of which is a tick, Ornithodoros moubata; the jiarasite of the North African form is Spiroschaudinnia berbera which is probably transmitted by lice. Amer'ican r. f e'ver, an acute specific fever, observed in orth America, resembling closely the European type, caused by Spiroschaudinnia novyi; two other types, possibly distinct from this, have been described in Central and South America. Asi- at'ic r. fe'ver, an acute specific relapsing fever endemic in various parts of Asia, caused by Spiroschaudinnia carteri and spread by means of some blood-sucking insect. Europe'an r. fe'ver, recurrent fever, an acute infectious dis- ease caused by the Spirochata obermeieri (Spiro- schaudinnia recurrenlis) ; it is marked by a num- ber of febrile attacks lasting about six days and separated from each other by apyretic intervals of about the same length; the microorganism is found in the blood during the febrile periods but not in the intervals; the intermediate host is believed to be the bedbug, Cimex lectularius. RELATIVE 860 REPELLEI rel'ative [L. relatus; referre, to refer.] Referring or having relation to another object or subject ; not existing independently, i. field, that portion of the cerebral cortex, a lesion of which may or may not produce spasm or paralysis. relax' [L. re-, back, + laxare, to loosen.] 1. To loosen, to slacken, i. To cause a movement of the bowels. relax'ant. i. Laxative. 2. Relieving strain or tension. relief. The removal of pain or distress, physical or mental, relieve (re-lev') [L. re-, again, + levare, to lift,] To free wholly or partly from pain or discomfort, either physical or mental. religiosus (re-lij"I-o'sus) [L. religious.] The superior rectus muscle of the eye which rolls the eyeball upward, as in the act of prayer. Remak's band (ra'mahk) [Robert Remak, German anatomist, 1815-1865.] Axis-cylinder. R.'s fi'bers, non-meduUated nerve-fibers. R.'s gang'- lia, groups of nerve-cells in the wall of the venous sinus where it joins the right atrium of the heart R.'s nu'clear divis'ion, amitosis. R.'s plex'us, Meissner's plexus, plexus* submucosus. Remak's re'flex (ra'mahk) [Ernst Julius Remak, German neurologist, son of Robert R., 1849— 1911.] Stroking of the' upper anterior surface of the thigh causes plantar flexion of the first three toes and sometimes of the foot, with extension of the knee; it occurs when the conducting paths in the cord are interrupted. R.'s sign, the dissociation of the sensations of touch and of pain in tabes dorsalis and poly- neuritis. R.'s type, antebrachial type, paralysis localized in the extensor muscles of the fingers and wrist. remediable (rS-me'dl-a-bl) [L. remediare, to cure, -I- habilis, apt.] Curable. reme'dial [L. remedialis; remediare, to cure.] Cura- tive. rem'edy [L. remedium; re-, again, + mederi, to cure.] An agent which cures disease or alleviates its symptoms. concoT dant rem'edies, in homeop- athy, remedies of dissimilar origin whose actions are similar, and which may therefore be given in succession, inim'ical rem'edies, in homeopathy, remedies whose actions are dissimilar or antago- nistic and which therefore may not be given in succession, tissue r., see under tissue. Remij'ia [Remijo, a Columbian physician, 19th cen- tury.] A genus of small trees or shrubs, natives of South America, the bark of several species of which (cuprea bark) is similar to cinchona bark. Temineraliza'tion. The return to the body of neces- sary mineral constituents lost through disease or dietary errors. remission (re-mish'un) [L. remissus; re-, back, -t- mittere, to send.] A lessening in severity; a temporary abatement of the symptoms of a. disease. remit' [L. remittere, to slacken.] To become less marked for a time without absolutely ceasing. remitt'ence. A temporary amelioration, without actual cessation, of symptoms. remitt'ent. Characterized by temporary remissions or periods of abatement of the symptoms, r. fever, a severe form of malarial fever in which the temperature falls periodically, nearly but not quite to the normal, the new paroxysm occurring before the symptoms of the former have entirely disappeared. ren, gen. re'nis, pi. re'nes [L.] Kidney, r. mo'- bliis, movable kidney. ren'aden [L. ren, kidney, 4- G. aden, gland.] Tr; name of an extract of lambs' or Ca ves' kidne recommended in the treatment of certain re affections. renaglandin (ren-S-glan'din). Trade name 61 preparation of the suprarenal gland recommenc in hemophilia and menorrhagia. re'nal. Relating to a kidney or the kidneys. Renaut's lay'er (r6-no') [Joseph Louis Rene French physician, *i844.] Ranvier's basem. membrane, a thin hyaline layer separating dermis or corium from the epidermis. ren'culus. Reniculus. Rendu's meth'od (ron-dii') [Henri Jules Louis Ma Rendu, French physician, 1844—1902.] Smear the peritoneum with camphor naphthol, af laparotomy and lavage, in the treatment of tub culous peritonitis. R.'s tremor, an intent tremor of hysterical origin. renestypticin (ren-e-stip'tl-sin). Trade name o: suprarenal preparation. renicap'sule [L. ren, kidney, -f capsula, capst The capsule of the kidney. renicar'diac [L. ren, kidney, + G. kardia, hea: Nephrocardiac. renic'ulus, pi. reniculi [L. dim. of ren, kidne Lobus renalis [BNA], one of the lobules, cor spending to a pyramid and its surrounding c tical substance, of which the kidney is origina composed. ren'iform [L. ren, kidney, -)- forma, form.] Kidni shaped. ren'in. Trade name of an extract of lambs' calves' kidneys, recommended in the treatmt of certain renal diseases. reniportal (ren"I-por'tal) [L. ren, kidney, + pot gate.] I. Relating to the hilus of the kidni 2. Relating to the portal, or venous capilU circulation in the kidney. renipuncture (ren'^-punk'tur) [L. ren, kidney, punctura, puncture.] Incision of the capsule of 1 kidney followed by multiple puncture of 1 substance of the organ, performed for the rel of tension and the cure of albuminuria. ren'net. i. A preparation of the fourth stomac or abomasum, of the calf, used in curdling mi 2 Rennin (i). ren'nin. i. Rennet, chymosin, an enzyme, prest as such (or as a zymogen) in the chief cells of t gastric tubules. 2. A name proposed by Tig stedt and Bergmann for a supposed internal sec tion of the kidney which acts as a vasoconstrict rennin'ogen. Prorennin, prochymosin, pexinogi the zymogen of rennin. renni'num (N.F.). Rennin, rennet. ren'nogen. Renninogen. renocutaneous (ren"o-ku-ta'ne-us) [L. ren, kidni -I- cutis, skin.] Relating to the kidneys and 1 skin. renogas'tric [L. ren, kidney, + G. gaster, stomac Relating to the kidneys and the stomach. renointestinal (ren"o-in-tes'tr-nal). Relating to 1 kidneys and the intestine. renopulmonary (ren"o-pul'mun-a-rJ). Relating the kidneys and the lungs. renun'culus [dim. of ren.] Reniculus. repand' [L. repandus, bent or turned back.] Noti a leaf or a bacterial colony with edge marked a series of slightly concave segments with angu projections at their points of union ; see out unc colony, 3, c. repell'ent [L. repellere, to drive back.] i. Reduci swelling. 2. An astringent or other agent whi reduces swelling. STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY The Differential Diagnosis of Scarlet Fever and the Scarlatiniform Eruptions. ^ i. Scarlet fever rash showing sudaminal vesicles. 2. The fading scarlatina eruption. _ 3. Scarlatina eruption, early stage. 4. Typical scarlet fever tongue. 5- The scarlet fever rash, magnified. 6. Scarlet fever desquamation. 7. The scarlatinal form of rubella. 8. Acute exfoliative dermatitis. 9. Erythema infectiosa. (Pisek's original plate; courtesy Archives of Diagnosis.) REPELLER 86i RESOLVENT repeller (re-pel'er). An instrument used, in abnor- mal labor in mares and cows, for pushing back a part presenting badly. repercolation (re-pur-ko-la'shun). Repeated per- colation; the passage of the percolating fluid through the same substance a second time, or through a fresh quantity of the same sort. repercussian (re-pur-kush'un) [L. refercutere, to drive back.] The driving away of a swelling. repercuss'ive. Driving in or away, repellent. rep'ertory [L. reperto'rium, list, inventory.] In homeopathic practice an index of symptoms, or of the symptoms peculiar to a special disease, with the name of the remedy or remedies having the same symptom, i.e. producing the same symptom when given in a proving. replanta'tion [G. re-, again, + plantare, to plant.] Noting the experiment of removing an organ or other part of the body, replacing it, and reestab- lishing its circvilation by vascular anastomosis; reimplantation. 2. In dentistry, specifically, the replacing of a tooth into the socket from which it has been extracted. reple'tion [L. repleiio, replete, to fill up.] Plethora. reposition (re-po-zish'un) [L. reposiius; reponere, to lay up.] The return of a part to its normal place ; reduction. repos'itor. An instrament used to replace a dis- located part, especially a prolapsed uterus. repression (re-presh'un) [L. r'eprimere, to repress.] In psychology, the thrusting back of a conscious thought into the unconscious sphere. reproduc'tion [L. re-, again, + producere, to produce.] 1. The restoration of lost parts, regeneration. 2. The recall and presentation in the mind of the steps of a former impression. 3. Procreation ; the production of a new generation of living beings. reproduc'tive. Relating to reproduction. repullulation (re-pul-u-la'shim) [L. re-, again, + pullulare, to sprout.] Renewed germination; the return of a morbid process or growth. repul'sion [L. repulsus; repellere, to drive back.] I. The act of repelling or driving apart; opposed to attraction. 2. Aversion. resal'dol. An acetyl derivative of a condensation product of chlormethylsalicylic aldehyde and resorcin, a yellow powder insoluble in water; employed in tuberculous and catarrhal ulceration of the intestine in doses of gr. 10-30 (o . 6-2 . o). resal'gin. Resorcylalgin. resect' [L. resecius; resecare, to cut off.] i. To cut off, especially to cut oiif the articiilar ends of one or both bones forming a joint. 2. To cut out a seg- ment of a part, as of the intestine. resection (re-sek'shun). Removal of the articular ends of one or both bones forming a joint, or of a segment of any part, such as the intestine. reserve (re-zun/) [L. re-, back, servare, to keep.] In life insurance, the funds devoted to the pay- ment of death claims, being the receipts from the net premiums with the interest earned thereon. ini'tial r., the r. at the beginning of a policy year, being the terminal r. of the previous year plus the net premium for the new year, term'inal r., the balance of the insurance fund, or reserve, at the end of the policy year after deducting the amount paid in death claims. reservoir (rez'ur-vwor) [Fr.] A storage place for liquids; receptaculum.* residual (re-zid'u-al) [L. residuum, residue.] Re- lating to or of the nature of a residue ; left behind, r abscess, an abscess, partly absorbed, remaining after the inflammatory process causing it has disappeared, r. air., see air. residue (rez'!-du) [L. residuum.] Remainder, rest; specifically, the non-toxic portion of protein split-products, ty'phoid r., see under typhoid. resid'uum [L.] Residue, r. ru'brum, trade name of a desiccated ox-blood, recommended in anemia in doses of gr. 5 (0.3). resilience (re-zil'J-ens) [L. resilire, to jump back.] Elasticity. res'in, i. An amorphous brittle substance consist- ing of the hardened secretion of a number of plants, probably derived from a volatile oil and similar to a stearoptene. .1. Rosin, the special resin of the pharmacopeia, resina. 3. A pre- cipitate formed by the addition of water to certain tinctures, ac'aroid r., acaroid gum, a resinous exudate from certain species of Xanthorrhcea, a genus of Australian trees, gum r., see gum-resin. resi'na [L.] i. Resin. 2. (U.S., Br.) Rosin, col- ophony, the residue after distillation of the vola- tile oil from turpentine; a brittle, easily powdered, translucent, resinous mass, of an amber to reddish brown color, soluble in ether and chloroform, but insoluble in water; employed in plasters to render them adhesive and also in ointments to render them locally stimulating, r. co'pal, copal. r. draco'nis, dragon's blood, a resin obtained from the fruit of Calamus draco, an East Indian palm ; formerly an ingredient of plasters but now seldom used. r. jala'pae (U.S.), resin of jalap, in yellowish brown masses, soluble in alcohol ; purga- tive in doses of gr. 2—5(0.13—0.3). r. podophyl'li (U.S.), podophylli resina (Br.), resin of podophyl- lum, podophyllin, a grayish to greenish yellow powder, soluble in alcohol; laxative in doses of gr. ^V^V (0.003-0.006). r. podophyl'li in'dici (B.A.), resin of Indian podophyllum, from P. emodi; cathartic and cholagogue in doses of gr. J-i (0.015-0.06). r. scammo'nise (U.S.), scammo'nii r. (Br.), resin of scammony, occurs in dark yellow resinous masses or a light yellow powder of little odor or taste; dose, gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). res'inoid [L. resina, rosin, ^- G. eidos, resemblance.] 1. Resembling rosin. 2. An extract obtained by ' evaporating a tincture. 3. A substance contain- ing a resin or resembling one. res'inol. Trade name of an antiseptic preparation used in the form of an ointment in the treatment of various skin diseases. res'inous. Relating to or derived from a resin. resis'tance. 1. A passive force exerted in oppo- sition to another and active force, i. The oppo- sition in a conductor to the passage of a current of electricity, whereby there is a- loss of energy and a production of heat. 3. The power residing in the red blood cells to resist hemolysis and to preserve their shape under varying degrees of osmotic pressure in the liquor sanguinis, r. coil, rheostat, r. form, in dentistry the shape given to the contour of a cavity so that the fill- ing may withstand great stress without moving. resolu'tion [L. resolulus; resolvere, to resolve.] The arrest of an inflammatory process without sup- puration; the absorption or breaking down and removal of the products of inflammation, as in pneumonia, or of a new growth. resolve (re-zolv') [L. re-, again, + solvere, to loosen.] To return or cause to return to the normal without suppuration, said of a phlegmon or other form of inflammation, resolv'ing power, definition (of a lens). resol'vent. i. Discutient, causing resolution. 2. An agent which arrests an inflammatory process or causes the absorption of a neoplasm. RESONANCE 862 RESPIRATORY res'onance [L. resonare, to resound, to echo.] i: The sound obtained on percussing a part which can vibrate freely. 2. The intensification and hollow character of the voice sound obtained on auscultating over a cavity, amphor'ic r., a percussion sound like that produced by blowing across the neck of an empty bottle, obtained by percussing over a pulmonary cavity, the patient 's mouth being open, bandbox r., vesiculotym- panitic f. bell'metal r., a clear metallic sound obtained by striking a coin held against the chest by another coin, in cases of a large pulmonary cavity or of pneumothorax, cracked-pot r., a peculiar sound, resembling that heard on striking a cracked pot, elicited on percussing over a pul- monary cavity which communicates with a bronchial tube, the patient having the mouth open, hydafid 1., a peculiar vibratile r. heard on ausciiltatory percussion over an hydatid cyst. Skoda'ic r., see Skodaic. tympanitic r., a drum- like r. obtained by percussion over a large space filled with air, as the stomach or intestine, or a large pulmonary cavity, vesic'ular r., the sound obtained on percussing over the normal lungs. vesic"ulotympanit'ic r., a peculiar partly tym- panitic partly vesicular sound, obtained on per- cussion in cases of pulmonary emphysema. vocal r., the voice sounds as heard on auscultation of the chest, wooden r., vesiculotympanitic r. res'onant. Resounding, having the quality of resonance. resorb' [L. re-, again, + sorbere, to suck up.] To reabsorb, to absorb what has been excreted, as an exudate or pus. resor'bin. An unguent made of a thick emulsion of expressed oil of almond, white or yellow wax, gelatin, soap, water, and lanolin; used as a ve- hicle for remedies to be exhibited by inunction, as it is said to be very readily absorbed through the skin. resor'cin. Resorcinol. resorcinol (re-zor'sJ-nol) [resin + orcin + L. oleum, oil.] i (U.S.) Resorcin, metadihydroxy- benzene, CaHjOj; a diatomic phenol obtained from sodium benzenemetadisulphonic acid by heating with sodium hydroxide; a white crystal- line powder soluble in water; employed inter- nally for the relief of nausea, asthma, whooping cough, and diarrhea in doses of gr. 5-10 (o. 3-0 . 6), but chiefly as an external antiseptic in psoriasis, eczema, seborrhea, and ringworm. Pyrocatechin and hydroquinone are isomers of resorcinol. 2. A compound of equal parts of resorcinol (i) and iodoform, a brown powder; employed as an antiseptic dusting powder for wounds, ulcers, etc., and in 5 to 15 per cent, ointment in psoriasis and other skin diseases, r. eucalyp'tol, a white powder, antiseptic; employed externally in ointment or solution in the treatment of skin diseases, and in aqueous solution by inhalation in pulmonary tuberculosis, r. monac'etate, euresol. r.phthal'- ein anhy'dride, fluorescein, r. salol, employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). resorcl'num. (U.S. 1890.) Resorcinol. Tesorcylal'gin. A compound of antipyrine and betaresorcylic acid; antipyretic and analgesic. resorption (re-sorp'shun) . i. The act of resorb- ing; the removal of an exudate, a blood-clot, pus. etc., by absorption. 2. A loss of substance by lysis, of the roots of the deciduous teeth, for example. resorpyrine (re-zor-pi'r6n). A reaction product of resorcinol and antipyrine, a white powder; analgesic and antipyretic in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). respi'rable [L. respirare, to breathe, + habilis, apt, fit.] Fit for respiration. respira'tlon [L. respirare, to breathe.] i. A func- tion common to all living plants or animals, con- sisting in the taking in of oxygen and the throw- ing off the products of oxidation in the tissues, mainly carbon dioxide and water 2. The sound of the air moving in the bronchi and lungs heard on auscultation, abdom'inal r., r. effected mainly by the action of the diaphragm, the movement being chiefly of the abdominal walls, amphor'ic I., a sound like that made by blowing across the mouth of a bottle, heard on auscultation in some cases in which a large pulmonary cavity exists, or occasionally in pneumothorax, artific'ial r., the maintenance of respiratory movements by arti- ficial means in cases of suspended animation. The various methods are the Marshall Hall, by rolling and pressure on the thorax with the patient prone; the Silvester, by alternately raising the arms above the head and lowering them, making pressure on the chest with the patient supine; the Howard, by intermittent pressure on the chest with the patient supine; the Schaefer, by intermittent pressure on the chest, the patient being prone; the Laborde, by rhythmical tongue traction; and the Fell-0'Dwyer, by insufflation through an O'Dwyer tube; in the case of a still- bom infant the Prochownik, Schultze, and Buist methods are used ; see these names, bron'chial r., a tubular blowing sound caused by the passage of air through a bronchus in an area of consolidated lung tissue, bronchocav'emous 1., combined bronchial and cavernous r. bronchovesic'ular r,, combined bronchial and vesicular r. cav'emous r., a hollow reverberating sound heard on ausculta- tion over a cavity in the lung, cogwheel r., jerky or interrupted 1., the inspiratory sound being broken into two or three by silent intervals. costal r., thoracic r. diaphragmaf ic r., abdominal 1 . divi'ded r., the occurrence of a distinct pause, noted on auscultation, between the inspiratory and expiratory sounds; observed in cases of advanced emphysema, inter'nal r., tissue r. interrup'ted i., cogwheel r. jerky r., cogwheel r. metamorphos'ing r., bronchocavernous r., the first part of inspiration being bronchial the last part cavernous, physiolog'ical r., metabo- lism, the giving off of waste material and the formation of new by the cellular protoplasm. pu'erile r., an exaggeration of the normal respiratory sound, heard in children and in adults after exertion, rude r., bronchovesicu- lar r supplemen'tary r., puerile r. thorac'ic r., r. effected chiefly by the action of the intercostal and other muscles which raise the ribs, causing expansion of the chest, tis'sue r., the inter- change of gases between the blood and the tis- sues, tu'bular r., bronchial r. vesic'ular r., the respiratory murmur heard on auscultating over the normal lung, vesiculocav'ernous r., caver- nous r., due to the presence of a cavity, mingled with the vesicular murmur of the surrounding normal lung tissue, wavy r., cogwheel r. res'pirator. An appliance fitting over the mouth and nose, used for the purpose of excluding dust, smoke, etc., or of warming the air before it enters the respiratory passages. respi'ratoiy. Relating to respiration, r. bundle, funiculus solitarius. r. coeffic'ient, r. quotient. I. murmur, vesicular respiration.* r. pulse, a venous pulse synchronous with the respira- RESPIRATORY 863 RETE tory movements, r. quo'tient, the figure obtained by dividing the volume of carbon diox- ide in the expired air by that of oxygen in the inspired air; it is normally less than unity — about 0.9. r. tract, the air passages from the nostrils to the air-sacs in the lungs. respire' [L. respirare.] To breathe. respirom'eter [L. respirare, to breathe, + G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the extent of the respiratory movements. response (re-spons') [L. responses; respondere, to answer.] The reaction of a muscle or other part to any stimulus. rest. 1. [A.S. rast.] Quiet, repose, z. [A.S. rwstan.] To repose, to cease from work. 3. [L. restore, to remain.] A group of cells or a por- tion of fetal tissue which has become displaced and lies embedded in tissue of another character; it is believed by many that under certain con- ditions this embryonic structure may take on renewed growth and give rise to a tiunor; called also embryonal r., or epithelial r. rest-atom. Recoil* atom. rest-bacil'lus. v. Behring's term for the tubercle bacillus after the removal of the constituents soluble respectively in pure water, in a 10 per cent, salt solution, and in alcohol and ether. It is from this that TC, or tuberculase, is prepared. Seei?. rest-body. A small mass of cytoplasm remaining after the nucleus and cytoplasm of the schizont have divided into asexual spores or merozoites. rest-cure, rest-treat'ment. A method of treatment of nervous diseases, developed by S. Weir Mitchell, consisting essentially of isolation, prolonged confinement to the bed, a diet chiefly of milk, cocoa, and beef-juice, Swedish movements, mas- sage, electricity, and hydrotherapy. rest' -harrow [arrest harrow, the roots of the plant catching the prongs of the harrow.] Ononis. restibrachium (res-tl-bra'kJ-um) [L. resiis, rope, + brachium, arm.] Corpus restiforme. res'tiform [L. restis, rope, + forma, form.] Rope- like, rope-shaped, i. body, corpus restiforme. rest'ing stage. The quiescent stage of a cell or its nucleus in which no caryocinetic changes are taking place; vegetative stage. res'tis [L. rope.] Corpus restiforme. restitutio (res-ti-tu'shl-o) [L. re-, again, -I- statuere, to set up.] Restitution, r. ad in'tegrum, return to health, complete recovery. restitu'tion. In obstetrics the return of the rotated head of the fetus to its natural relation with the shoulders after its emergence from the vulva. restora'tion [L. restaurare, to restore, to repair.] 1. Replacement. 2. Recovery. restor'ative. i. Renewing health and strength, a. An agent which promotes a renewal of health or strength. resupina'tion. Supination ; lying, or tummg over, on the back. resu'pinate. i. To supinate, to turn on the back. z. Supinated; lying on the back, supine. resuscitate (re-sus'i-tat) [L. re-, again, -I- suscitare, to raise up.] To revive, to restore to life after apparent death. resuscita'tion. Restoration to life after apparent death. , ,j, a retain'er [L. re-, back, + Unere, to hold.] An appliance for holding a loose tooth in position until it has become firm, ret'amine. An alkaloid from Spartium junceum, or Genista hispanica, Spanish broom, resembling in its action sparteine. retch [A.S. hrcecan, to hawk.] To make an involun- tary effort to vomit. letch'ing. Making movements of vomiting without effect, vomiturition. rete, pi. e'tia (re'te) [L. a mesh.] x. A network of nerve-fibers or small vessels, z. A structure composed of a fibrous network or mesh. r. acromia'le, a vascular network between the acromion and the skin of the shoulder, fortned by anastomoses of the acromial branch of the transversa scapulae with the acromial branch of the thoracoacro- mialis. r. articula're, a r. vasculosum in the neighborhood of a joint, where such arrangements are common. r. articula're cu'biti [B N A], vascular networks overthe epicondyles of the humerus and the olecranon and between the triceps tendon and joint capsule, composed of anastomoses between branches of the radial and middle collateral, superior and inferior ulnar collateral, radial recurrent, interosseous recurrent, and recurrent ulnar. r. articula're ge'nu [BNA], an articular network over the front and sides of the knee, formed by branches of the genu suprema, of the five genual (articular) arteries from the poplitea, of the recurrens tibialis anterior and posterior, and of the tibialis posterior. r. Galea' neum [BNA], a superficial network over the posterior tibial calcaneus, formed by branches of the peroneal and posterior tibial arteries and twigs from the malleolar retia. r. cana'lis hypoglos'si [BNA], a small venous network around the hypoglossal nerve, connected with the occipital sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and internal jugular vein. r. carpi ante'rius, r. carpi volare [BNA], r. carpi dorsa'le [BNA], r. carpi posterius, avascu- lar network over the dorsal surface of the carpal joints , formed by anastomoses of branches of the dorsal and volar interosseous, and dorsal carpal branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. r. carpi poste'rius, r. carpi dorsale [BNA]. r. carpi vola're [BNA], r. carpi anterius, a small vascular network deeply situated over the volar sur- face of the carpal joints, formed of branches from the volar interosseous and volar carpal branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. r. dorsa'le pe'dis [BNA], a network on the dorsal surfaces of the second row of tarsal bones, formed by anastomoses between the plantaris lateralis and arcuata arteries, r. foram'inis ova 'lis [BNA], a venous network around the mandibular nerve, connecting with the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus. r. Hall'eri, r. testis. r. malleola're latera'le [BNA], a network over the outer malleolus formed by branches of the malleolaris posterior lateralis and anterior lateralis, peronaea,. tarsea lateralis, and dorsalis pedis arteries. r. malleola're media'le [BNA], a network over the inner malleolus formed by branches from the malleo- laris, anterior medialis, posterior medialis, and tarsese mediales. r. Malpi'ghu, r. mucosum, stratum germinativum [BNA], r, mirab'Ue [wonderful network], a vascular netwoifc interrupting the continuity of an artery or vein, such as occurs in the glomeruli of the kidney. r. muco'sum, stratum germinativum [BNA]. p. patel'lae [BNA], the superficial portion of the r- articulare genu. r. tes'tis [BNA], r. Halleri, the network of canals at the termination of the straight tubules in the medi- astinum testis. r. vasculo'sum [BNA], a vascular network formed by anastomoses between minute arteries just before they become capillaries. r. vasculo'sum Hall'eri, r. testis. re'tia veno'sa vertebra'rum [BNA], circular venous plexuses within the dura of the spinal cord formed by communications between the individual vertebral plexuses and the longitudinal vertebral sinuses. r. veno'sum dorsa'le ma'nus [BNA], a network of RETE 864 RETINOSCOPY veins on the dorsum of the hand emptying into the radial and the ulnar veins. r. veno'sum dorsa'le pe'dis [BNA], dorsal venous network of the foot, a superficial network of fine veins on the dorsuna of the foot. r. veno'sum planta're (BNAJ, plantar venous net- work, a fine superficial venous network in the sole of the foot. retention (re-ten'shtin) [L. re-, back, + tenere, to hold.] I. The keeping in the body of what normally belongs there, especially the retaining of food and drink in the stomach. 2. The keep- ing in the body of what normally should be dis- charged, as urine or feces. 3. Keeping in mind; memory, r. form, in dentistry the shape given to the inside of a cavity so that the filling may withstand great force without displacement. retial (re'shyal). Relating to a rete. retic'ula. i. Plural of L. reticulum, a. Forma tic reticularis (2), retic'ular [L. reticularis; reticulum, a little net.] Relating to a reticulum; net-like; cellular, can- cellaE, areolar, r. car'tilage, yellow elastic cartilage, f. forma' tion, formatio reticularis. r. layer, pars reticularis, the inner layer of the corium, composed of connective-tissue bundles. retic'ulated. ReticiUar. reticulation (re-tik-u-la'shun). The presence or formation of a reticulum or network, such as is seen in the red cells during active blood regeneration. retic'ulin, retic'uline. An albuminoid or sclero- protein present in the connective-tissue frame- work of the lymphatic tissues. retic'ulum [L. dim. of rete, a net.] i. A fine net- work, especially of nerve-fibers or protoplasmic processes. 2. Neuroglia. 3. The second stom- ach of a ruminant, between the rumen and omasum. ret'iform [L. rete, network, -1- forma, form.] Re- sembling a net or network. ref ina, gen. and pi. ret'ina [L. rete, a net.] Opto- meninx, the inner, nervous, tunic of the eyeball, consisting of an outer pigment layer attached to the inner surface of the chorioid, ciliary body, and iris, and an inner layer formed by the expansion of the optic nerve. It comprises an optic or physiolog- ical portion which re- ceives the visual rays, and a non-percipient ciliary portion, or pars ceBca retinas, the two being separated by the ora serrata. The optic portion con- sists of eight layers, as follows (the num- bers referring to the layers as shown in the cut): i, pigment layer, stratum pig- menti; :<, layer of rods and cones, bacil- lary layer; 3, outer nuclear layer: 4, outer molecular layer; 5, inner nuclear layer ; 6, inner molecular layer; 7, ganglionic layer; 8, nerve-fiber layer, stratum opticum ; between the layer of rods and cones and the outer nuclear layer is the outer limiting membrane, and covering the Thh Human Retina (diagrammatic). stratum opticum is the inner limiting membrane. at'rophy of the r., neurodeatrophia. coarc'tate r., a ring-like effusion of fluid between the chori- oid and retina, giving the latter a funnel shape, detach'ment of the r., ablatio retinas, separation of more or less of the retina from the chorioid. inflamma'tion of the r., retinitis, dictyitis. leop'ard r., tigroid r. pain in the r., neurodealgia. shot-silk r., the appearance of numerous wave- like glistening reflexes, like the shimmer of silk, observed sometimes in the retina of a young person, ti'groid r., the striped or spotted appear- ance of the retina in retinitis pigmentosa. retinac'ulum, gen. retinac'uli, pi. retinac'ula [L. a halter.] A frenum, or a retaining band or liga- ment, r. cap'sulae articula'ris coxae, one of several longitudinal folds of the cervical reflection of the capsular ligament of the hip- joint, r. cu'tis, (i) one of the folds of the skin about the joints; (2) one of the connective-tissue bands attaching the subcutaneous tissue to the corium. r. patell'se, one of several fibers of insertion of the vastus lateralis (r. patella laterale) or of the vastus naedialis (r. paielltz mediale) which run past the patella on either side to be inserted into the condyle of the tibia, r. ten'dinum, the annular ligament of the ankle or wrist. ret'inal. Relating to the retina, retinitis (ret-I-ni'(ne')tis) [L. retina, + G. -»/«.] Inflammation of the retina, albuminu'ric t., a form of r. occurring in Bright 's disease, marked by the presence of white spots arranged in stellate forms at the macula and surrounding the optic disc, cir'cinate r., a form in which white patches form an annular or crescentic figure surrounding the macula, diabet'ic r., retinal infiammation occurring in diabetes, marked by the presence of irregularly grouped white spots on the retina. gravid'ic r., a teniporary r. associated with the albuminuria of pregnancy, hemorrhag'ic r., a. form marked by frequently recurring hemor- rhages, both superficial and deep, into the retina. leuce'mic r., splenic r. metastat'ic r., purulent 1. resulting from the arrest of septic emboli in the retinal vessels, proliferating r., a form in which connective-tissue new formations project into the vitreous, punc'tate r., a form in which the retina is dotted with numerous small yellowish white points, r. pigmento'sa, a chronic progres- sive inflammation of the retina with atrophy and pigmentary infiltration of the inner layers, tigroid retina, serous r., simple r- , edema of the retina, a mild inflammation of the superficial layers of the retina, splenic r., a form occurring sometimes in leucemia, in which the retina is paler than normal and the seat of numerous small hem- orrhages, stri'ated r., a form marke by yellowish gray streaks radiating from the optic disc. retinochorioiditis, retinochoroiditis (ret-!-no-ko-ri- oy-di'(de')tis, ret-!-no-ko-roy-di'(de')tis). Chorio- retinitis. ret'inol. Resinol, rosin oil, codoil ; a thick, yellow, viscid, oily liquid, obtained by distillation from Burgundy pitch and rosin ; has been given in gonorrhea in doses of nJs-S (0.3-0.5), applied externally in various skin diseases, and employed as a solvent of phosphorus and a number of other drugs. retinopapillitis (ret-l-no-pa-pil-i'(e')tis). Papillo- retinitis. ret'inoid \G. retine, resin, -f eidos, resemblance.] r. Resembling a resin, resinous. 2. [L. retina.l Resembling the retina. retinoscopy (ret-in-os'ko-pi) [retina -^ G. skopeo, I RETINOSCOPY 86s RETZIUS'S CAVITY examine.] Shadow test, skiascopy; a method of detecting errors of refraction by illuminating the retina and noting the light and shadow and the direction of movement of the light when the mirror is rotated. retort' [L. retorta; retorquere, to twist back.] A flask-like vessel with a long neck passing outward, used in distilling. retract' [L. re-, back, + trahere, to draw.] i. To shrink. 2. To draw back. retrac'tile. Retractable, capable of being drawn back. retrac'tion. i. A shrinking. 2. A drawing back. 3. The state of being drawn back. retrac'tor. An instrument for drawing aside the lips of a wound. re'trad [L. retro, backward, + ad, to.] Backward, toward the back part, caudad. retrahens aurem, retrahens auriculam (re'tra- henz aw'rem, aw-rik'u-lam) [L. drawing back the ear, or auricle.] Musculus auricularis posterior. retrench'ment [F. re-, back, + trancher, to cut.] The cutting away of superfluous tissue. retro- [L. back, backward.] A prefix in words formed from Latin roots, denoting backward or behind. retroauricu'lar (re-tro-aw-rik'u-lar) [L retro behind.] Behind the auricle. retrobuccal (re-tro-buk'kal) \L. retro, behind, + bucca, mouth.] Relating to the back part of, or behind, the mouth. retroburbar [L. retro, behind, + bulbus, bulb.] i. Behind the eyeball, a. Posterior to the mediJIa oblongata. retroce'dent [L. retro, backward, + cedere, to go.] Going back. r. gout, an attack of gout in which the articular symptoms subside with involvement of some internal organ, such as the stomach. retrocervical (re-tro-sur'vi-kal) [L. retro, behind, + cervix, neck.] Behind the cervix uteri. retrocession (re-tro-sesh'un). i. A going back, a relapse, s. The cessation of the external symp- toms of a disease followed by signs of involvement of .some internal organ or part. letroclu'sion [L. retro, backward, -f- claudere, to close.] A form of acupressure for the arrest of • bleeding; the needle is passed through the tissues over the cut end of the artery, is turned around, and then passed backward beneath the vessel. retrocol'ic. Behind the colon. retrocoll'ic [L. retro, behind, -1- collum, neck.] Relating to the back of the neck ; drawing back the head. r. spasm, retrocollis, torticollis in which the spasm affects the posterior neck muscles. retrocoll'is. RetrocoUic* spasm. retrodevla'tion. A backward bending or inclining, retro displacement. retrodisplace'ment. Any backward displacement, such as retroversion or retroflexion of the uterus. retroesophageal (re-tro-e-so-faj'e-al). Behind the esophagus. retroflec'ted [L. retro, backward, + f^ctere, to bend.] Retroflexed. retroflec'tion. Retroflexion retroflexed ( re-tro-flekst') [L. retro, backward, -I- flexus, bent.] Bent backward. retroflex'ion. Retroflection, backward bending, as of the uterus when the body is bent back, forming an angle with the cervix. ret'rograde [L. retro, backward, -1- gradi, to go.] I Moving backward. 2. Degenerating, revers- ing the normal order of growth and development. r. cancer, a shrunken and quiescent malignant growth, r. metamorpho'sis, catabolism. SS retrog'raphy [L. retro, backward, -H G. grapho, I write.] Mirror-writing. retrogression (re-tro-gresh'tm) [L. retrogressus; retro, backward, + gradi, to go.] x. Involution, catabolism, a reversal of the metabolic processes. 2. Degeneration. retroinfection (re-tro-in-fek'shun). Infection of the mother by the fetus. retroin'sular. Behind the insula. retroirid'ian. Behind the iris. retrojec'tion [L. retro, backward, -I- jacere, to throw.] The washing out of a cavity by the backward flow of an injected fluid. retrojec'tor. A form of syringe with long tubular attachment to the nozzle, used in retrojection. retrolingual (re-tro-ling'gwal) [L. retro, behind, -t- lingua, tongue.] Relating to the back part of the tongue; behind the tongue. retromamm'ary [L. retro, behind, + mamma, breast.] Behind the mamma. retromandibular (re-tro-man-dib'u-lar) [L. retro, behind, + mandihula, lower jaw.] Behind the lower jaw, noting especially a point in front of the mastoid process, tenderness of which to pressure constitutes Signorelli's* sign. retromas'toid. Posterior to the mastoid process; relating to the posterior mastoid cells. retrona'sal. Posterior nasal, relating to the poste- rior nares. retroocular (re-tro-ok'u-lar). Retrobvilbar (i). retroperitoneal (re"tro-per-I-to-ne'al). Behind the peritoneum. retroperitonitis (re-tro-per-I-t6-ni'(ne')tis). Inflam- mation of the cellular tissue behind the perito- neum. retrophaiyn'geal. Behind the pharynx. retrophar'ynx. The posterior part of the pharynx. retroplacen'tal. Behind the placenta. retroplasia (re-tro-pla'zi-ah) [L. retro, backward, -(- G. plasis, a moulding.] A form of degeneration, in which a cell or tissue is converted into one further back along the lihe of development. retroposed (re-tro-pozd') [L. retro, backward, + positus; ponere, to place.] Displaced backward, but not inclined or bent, neither retroverted nor retroflexed. retroposition (re-tro-po-zish'im). Simple backward displacement of a structure or organ, as the uterus, without retroversion or retroflexion. retropul'sion [L. retro, back, + pulsio, a pushing.. An involuntary backward walking or running] occurring in certain nervous affections. 2. A pushing back of any part. retrostal'sis [L. retro, backward, -f- sialsis, constric- tion.] Antiperistalsis. retroster'nal. Behind the sternum. retrotar'sal. Behind the tarsus, or edge of the eyelid, r. fold, fornix conjunctivae. retrouterine (re"tro-u'ter-in). Behind the uterus. retrovaccina'tion. i. The vaccination of a cow with humanized virus. 2. The vaccination of a human with virus from a. retrovaecinated cow. retroversiofle zion (re-tro-vur"sho-flek'shun) . Combined retroversion and retroflexion of the uterus. retroversion (re"tro-vtir-zhun) [L. retro, backward, + vertere, to turn.] A turning backward, as of the uterus, without flexion or bending of the organ. retrovert'ed. Turned or inclined backward, with- out being bent. Ret'zius's cav'ity [Anders Adolf Retzius, Swedish anatomist, 1796-1860.] R.'s space. R.'s fi'bers, stiff fibers in Deiters ' cells. R.'s gyrus, the gyrus RETZIUS'S CAVITY 866 RHACHIOMETER intralimbicus in the cortical portion of the rhinencephalon. R.'s lig'ament, ligamentum fun- diforme pedis. R.'s space, preperitoneal space, cavum Retzii, a space between the peritoneum and the anterior abdominal wall, filled with loose connective tissue, into which the bladder pushes when distended. R.'s veins, veins aris ng in the walls of the intestine and passing to the branches of the vena cava instead of to those of the portal vein. Ret'zius'sforani'ina[Magnus Gustaf i?ete»'«^, Swedish histologist, son of Anders A. R., *i842.] Key*- Retzius foramina. R.'s lines, calcification lines, accretion* lines. R.'s stri'se, striffi parallelae, brown striae, dark concentric lines crossing the enamel prisms of the teeth, seen on cross section of the enamel. reu'nient [L. re-, again, + unire, to unite.] Con- necting, noting the ductus reuniens. Reuss's col'or ta'bles (roys). Charts in which colored letters are printed on colored backgrounds in such combination that some of them are invisible to a color-blind person. R.'s for'mula, A = grams of albumin per liter of serous fluid; then A = (sp. gr. — looo) X | — 2.8. R.'s test, for atropine: the addition of oxidizing agents and sulphuric acid to a liquid containing atro- pine produces an odor of orange-flowers and roses. revaccina'tion. Vaccination of a person previously successfully vaccinated. revell'ent [L. re-, back, -I- vellere, to draw.] Revul- sive. Reverdin's meth'od (r5-ver-dan') [Jacques L. Reverdin, Swiss surgeon, of Geneva, *i842.] Epidermic grafting, the placing of small bits of epidermis on a granulating surface to promote healing. reversion (re-vur'zhun). The cropping out in an individual of certain characters peculiar to a remote ancestor, which characters have been in abeyance during one or more of the intermediate generations. Revilliod's sign (re-ve-yo') [Henri Revilliod, Swiss physician, contemporary.] Inability, in facial hemiplegia of cerebral origin, to close the eye on the affected side without closing the other at the same time. revivescence (re-vi-ves'ens). Revivification (i). revivification (re-viv"i-fi-ka'shun) [L. re-, again, -|- vivere, to live, -f- facere, to make.] 1. Revives- cence, renewal of life and strength, a. Paring or scraping the edges of an old wound to promote union, refreshing. revolute (rev'o-liit) [L. revolutus from revolvers, to revolve.] Curled back, like the tips of the fronds of a fern. revul'sent. i. Revulsive, derivative, revellent. 2 A counterirritant. revul'sion [L. revulsus; revellere, to pull back.] Counterirritation, derivation. revul'sive. 1. Causing revulsion. 2. A revulsent or counterirritant. Rey'nold's test. For acetone: corrosive sublimate is added to the suspected fluid and then solution of caustic potassa until the reaction is alkaline: the addition of ammonium sulphate to the clear filtrate will throw down a precipitate of black sulphate of mercury if acetone is present. R.F.A. Abbreviation for ^ right frontoanterior, noting a fetal presentation with the forehead of the child directed toward the right acetabulum of the mother R.F.P. Abbreviation for right frontoposterior, noting a presentation of the fetus with the fore- head directed toward the right sacroiliac articula- tion of the mother. Rh. Chemical symbol of rhodium. Rhabditis (rab-di'tis) [G. rhabdos, a. rod.] A genus of small nematode worms, some free living, others parasitic on plants and animals. R. genita'lis, R. pellio. R. niell'yi, a species observed by Nielly of Brest in a case of vesicopapular eruption on the skin. R. pell'io, a species found in the vagina in one instance. rhab'doid [G. rhabdos, a rod, -1- eidos, resemblance.] Rod-shaped, r. suture, sagittal suture. rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o'mah) [G. rhabdos, a stripe, + mys, muscle, + -oma.] A tumor com- posed chiefly of striated muscular tissue, r. sarcomato'sum, rhabdomyosarcoma. rhabdomyosarcoma (rab"do-nii"o-sar-ko'mah). A mixed rhabdomyoma and sarcoma; a tumor of striated muscle-fibers containing numerous im- perfectly differentiated, vegetative, or embryonic cells; rhabdomyoma sarcomatosum. Rhabdone'ma [G. rhabdos, rod, + nema, thread.] A genus of minute nematode worms resembling and sometimes confused with Rhabditis; some of the species are parasitic in animals. rhabdophobia (rab-do-fo'bi-ah) [G. rhabdos, rod, -t- phobos, fear.] A morbid fear excited by the sight of a stick; morbid fear of a beating. rhachial (rak'J-al). Rhachidial, rhachidian. rhachialbuminimeter (rak"i-al-bu"min-im'e-tur) [G. rhachis, spine, -|- albumin + G. metron measure.] A graduated test tube used to deter- mine the amount of albumin or globulin (pre- cipitated by means of heat and acid) in a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid. rhachialbuminimetry (rak"if-al-bu"min-im'i-tri)[G. rhachis, spine, -|- albumin -H G. metron, meas- ure.] Determination of the albumin (globulin) content of the spinal fluid. rhachialgia (rak-1-al'ji-ah) [G. rhachis, back, + algos, pain.] Pain of a neuralgic character in the back; notalgia. rhachianalgesia (rak-I-an-al-je'sJ-ah). Spinal anes- thesia* (2). rhachianesthesia, rhachianassthesla (rak-I-an-es-the'- zi-ah) [G. rhachis, spine, + anesthesia.] Spinal anesthesia. rhachicentesis (rak-I-sen-te'sis). Rhachiocentesis. rhachidial (rS-kid'I-al) [G. rhachis, spine.] Spinal. rhachidian (r3.-kid'i-an). Rhachidial, spinal. rhachitysis (rS-kil'l-sis) [G. rhachis, spine, -(- lysis, a loosening.] Forcible correction of lateral ctu'vature by lateral pressure against the con- vexity of the curve. rhachiocampsis (rak-I-o-kamp'sis) [G. rhachis, spine, -f kampsis, a bending.] Spinal curvature. rhachiocente'sis (rak-1-o-sen-te'sis) [G. rhachis, spine, -\- kentesis, puncture.] Spinal pimcture, lumbar puncture. rhachiochysis (rak-i-ok'i-sis) [G. rhachis, spine, -t- chysis, a pouring out.] A subarachnoid effusion of fluid in the spinal canal. rbachlococainization (rak-l-o-ko'kah-en-i-za'shon). Spinal anesthesia by the subarachnoid injection of a weak solution of cocaine. rhachiodynia (rak-e-o-dinl-ah) [G. rhachis, back, -H odyne, pain.] Rheumatism of the muscles of the upper part of the back. rhacbiometer (rak-I-om'e-ter) [G. rhachis, spine, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the curvature, natural or pathological, of the spinal column. RHACHIOMYELITIS 867 RHEUM rhachiomyelitis (rak-J-o-mi-S-li'(le')tis) [G. rhachis, spine, + myelon, marrow, + -itis'l Inflamma- tion of the spinal cord, myelitis. rhachioplegia (rak-1-o-ple'jI-ah) [G. rhachis, spine, + plege, stroke.] Spinal paralysis. ThachioscoUosis (rak-l-o-sko-ll-o'sis) [G. rhachis, spine, + skoliosis, a bending.] Lateral spinal curvature, scoliosis. rhachiotome (rak'!-o-tom) [G. rhachis, spine, + iomos, cutting.] A specially devised instrument for dividing the lamina of the vertebras. rhachiotomy (rak-i-ot'o-mi) [G. rhachis, spine, + tome, incision.] i . Division of the laminae of the vertebra in order to expose the spinal cord, lami- nectomy. 2. Division of the spinal column in embryotomy. rhachipagus (rS-kip'a-gus) [G. rhachis, spine, + pagos, consolidated.] A twin monster joined along the spine. rhachis (rak'is) [G.] The spinal column. rhachischisis (ra-kis'ki-sis) [G. rhachis, spine, + schisis, division.] A congenital fissure of the spinal column, r. partia'lis, mesorrhachischisis. r. poste'rior, spina bifida, t, tota'lis, holorrhach- ischisis. rhachistoTainization (rak-I-sto"vah-en-i-za'shon) . Regional anesthesia produced by intraspinal lumbar injection of a solution of stovaine. rhachitic (rS-kifik). Rachitic, rickety. rhachitis (ra-ki'(ke')tis). Rickets, rachitis. rhachitome (rak'i-tom). Rhachiotome. rhachitomy (ra-kit'o-mi). Rhachiotomy. rhaco'ma [G. rhakoma; rhakoo, I tear in strips.] An excoriation. rhaco'mata [pi. of rhacoma.1 Rhagades. rhaebocra'nia. Rhebocrania. rhaebosce'lia. Rheboscelia. rhaebo'sis. Rhebosis. rhagades (rag'S-dez) [G. rhagas, pi. rhagades, a, crack.] Chaps, cracks or fissures in the skin; linear excoriations, rhacomata. rhagadiformis (ra-gad-i-for'mis) [G. rhagas irha- gad-), crack, + L. forma, shape.] Fissured. -rhagia [G. rhegnymi, I break forth or burst.] A suf- fix denoting a discharge from a bursted vessel ; usually denoting bleeding from a part. rhagiociin (raj'i-o-krin). A clasmatocyte, a wan- de^-ing cell in a state of temporary rest. rham'nin. Trade name of », fluidextract of fran- gula; aperient. rhamnose (ram'noz). A dextrorotatory sugar oc- casionally excreted in the urine. rhamnozanthin (ram"no-zan'thin). Frangulin. Rham'nus [G. rhamnos, buckthorn.] A genus of shrubs and trees of the order Rhamnacece. R. califor'nica, a shrub of California, the bark of which was formerly used as an adulterant of cascara sagrada. R- carolinia'na, a species with edible fruit. R. cathar'tica, purging buckthorn, a shrub of southern Europe the bark and berries of which are cathartic; the latter, baccae spinas cervinee, buckthorn berries, are official in the N.F. under the title rhamnus cathartica; dosegr. 10-20 (0.6-1.2). R. cro'ceus, a species with edible fruit. R. fran'gula, frangula. R. pur- shia'na, cascara sagrada (U.S. and Br.). rhapha'nia. Raphania, a spasmodic disease sup- posed to be due to poisoning by the seeds of Rhaphanus rhaphanistrum, or wild radish. Rhaph'anus [G. raphanos, cabbage.] Raphanus, a genus of plants including the radish, R. sati'vus. rha'phe. Raphe. rhaphidiospore (ra-fid'I-o-sp5r) [G. rhaphis(rhaphid-), a needle, -I- sporos, seed.] Sporozoite.. rhapon'tic [G. rha, rhubarb, + poniikos, relating to the Black Sea.] Relating to rhubarb. 1. root, rhubarb. rhat'any. Ratany, krameria (N.F.). Brazil'ian r., the dried root of Krameria argentea. Para' r., Brazilian r. Peru'vian r., the dried root of Krameria triandra. Savanill'a r., the dried root of Krameria ixina. rhebocra'nia, rhfebocra'nia [G. rhaibos, crooked, -|- kranion, skull.] Torticollis. rheboscelia, rhaeboscelia (re-bo-se'U-ah) [G. rhaibos, bent, + skelos, leg.] Any deformity of the legs, knock-knee, bow-legs, etc. rhebo'sis, rhaebo'sis [G. rhaibos, crooked, bent.] Rheboscelia. rhegma (reg'mah) [G.] A fracture; a rent, a fissure. rhe'ic. Relating to rheum, or rhubarb, t. acid, chrysophanic acid. rhe'in. A crystalline substance of little or no activity, obtained from rhubarb. Rheinfelden, Switzerland (rin'fel-den). Saline waters. Used by bathing, very rarely internally, in protracted convalescence, anemia, chlorosis, scrofula, general debility, certain chronic bone and joint affections, wounds, fistulas, chronic rheumatism, skin disorders associated with scrof- ula, gout, nervous disorders, paralysis, and obesity. May 15 to October 31. rhembasmus (rem-baz'mus) [G. rhembasmos, mental indecision.] Indecision, mental uncer- tainty. rheochord (re'o-kord) [G. rheos, a stream, + chords, cord.] A form of rheostat, consisting of a wire interposed in the/ circuit, used for measuring the resistance or reducing the strength of the electric current. rheometer (re-om'e-ter) [G. rheos, a stream, + metron, measure.] i. A device for measuring the rapidity of the blood-current. 2. A galvan- ometer. rhe'ophore [G. rheos, stream, -f- phoros, bearer.] The cord conducting an electric current. rhe'oscope [G. rheos, stream, + skoped, I view.] Electroscope, galvanoscope. rhe'ostat [G. rheos, stream, + statos, placed.] A resistance 'Coil; an instrument used to regulate the degree of resistance in an electric current. rheotachygraphy (re-o-tS-kig'ra-fl) [G. rheos, a stream, + tachys, swift, -f- graphe, a record.] Recording graphically the variations of electro- motive force in a muscle. rheotann'ic acid. A glucoside, C^^^fi^^, the form of tannin occurring in rhubarb. rheotax'is [G. rhed, I flow, -I- taxis, orderly arrange- ment.] A form of positive barotaxis, in which a body is impelled to move contrary to the direction of the current in a fluid in which it is. rheotome (re'o-tom) [G. rheos, stream, + iomos,. cutting,] An interrupter, an instrument for periodically breaking an electric current. rheotrope (re'o-trop) [G. rheos, stream, -I- tropos, a turning.] An instrument for automatically reversing an electric current. rheot'ropism [G. rhed, I flow, -t- trope, a turning.] Rheotaxis. rhestocythemia, rhsstocythaemia (res"to-si-the'mJ- ah) [G. rhaistos, destroyed, + kytos, cell, -f haima, blood.] The presence of broken down red blood-cells in the peripheral circulation. rheum (room) [G. rheuma, a flux.] A mucous or watery discharge, epidem'ic r., influenza, salt 1., eczema. RHEUM 868 RHINOCGELIA rheiim (re'irni). (U.S.) Rhei radix (Br.), rhubarb, the rhizome of Rheum officinale; tonic and astrin- gent in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13) ^^'^ laxative in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). rheumapyra (roo-map'i-rah) [G. rheuma, flux, + pyr, fire.] Rheumatic fever. rheumarthritis (roo-mar-thri'(thre')tis) [G. rheuma, flux, + arihron, joint, + -itis,'\ Articular rheumatism. rheumarthrosis (roo-mar-thro'sis). Rheumarthritis. rheumatalgia (rob-mi-tal'ji-ah) [G. rheuma, flux, + algos, pain.] Rheumatic pain. ^heuniatic (roo-mat'ik). Relating to or suffering from rheumatism. rheu'matin. Saloquinine* salicylate. rheumatism (roo'mS-tizm) [G. rheuma, a flux.] i. ' Rheumatic fever; an acute, probably infectious, disease, characterized by fever, profuse perspira- "'^liohs, painful inflammation and swelling of one or more of the joints, and often endocarditis; ' (palled also acute articular r. j. An indefinite term applied to various conditions characterized ■by pains in the muscles, joints, and fibrous tissues. acute artic'ular t., acute inflam'matoiy r., see rheumatism (i). chronic r., an affection of the joints, slow in progress, prodiicing a painful thickening and contraction of the fibrous struc- tures, interfering with motion, and causing more or less deformity, gonorrhe'al r., an arthritis, often a polyarthritis, due to a systemic infection with the gonococcus. inflamm'atory r., acute articular r. mus'cular r., a painful inflammation of the voluntary muscles, especially of their fibrous attachments, nodose r., (i) arthritis deformans; (2) an acute or subacute articular r., accompanied by the formation of nodules on the tendons, ligaments, and periosteum in the neigh- borhood of the affected joints, subacute' r., a mild, but usually protracted form of acute rheumatism, often rebellious to treatment, tu- ber'culous r., Poncet's disease, an inflammatory condition of the joints or fibrous tissues caused by the toxins of tuberculosis. rheumatismal (roo-ma-tiz'mal). Rheumatic. xheu'matism-root. Dioscorea. Theumatoce'lis [G. rheuma, flux, + kelis, spot.] Purpura rheumatica. rheumatoid (roo'ma-toyd) [G. rheuma, flux, + eidj>s, resemblance.] Resembling rheumatism in one or more features, r. arthri'tis, arthritis deformans. rheumatopyra (roo-mS-top'i-rah). Rheumapyra. iheumatosis (ru-mS-to'sis). An affection, such as erythema nodosum, believed to be of rheumatic origin yet not so frankly so as the arthritic form. rheumic (roo'mik). i. Catarrhal, eczematous. 2 Relating to rhubarb. 1. acid, an acid, CjjHjjO,, derived from rheotannio acid. rhez'is [G. rhexis, rupture.] Bursting or rupture of an organ or vessel. Thlgolene (rig'o-len) [G. rhigos, cold, + elaion, oil.] A very volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of petroleum; employed as a local anesthetic, its rapid evaporation, when sprayed on the skin, causing a freezing of the tissues. rhi'nal [G. rhis(rhin-), nose.] Relating to the nose, nasal. rhinal'gia [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the nose, rhinodynia. rhinedema, rhinoedema [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + oidema. swelling.] Swelling of the nasal mucous membrane. Thinencephal'ic. Relating to the rhinencephalon. rhlnenceph'alon [G. rhis{rhin-), hose, -(- enkephalos brain.] [BNA] Olfactory brain (in man), the rudimentary olfactory lobe, consisting of the olfactory bulb and peduncle, parolfactory (Broca's) area, subcallosal gyrus, and anterior perforated substance. rhjnenceph'alus. Rhinocephalus. rhinenchysis (ri-nen'ki-sis) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + enchysis, a pouring in.] A nasal douche, washing out the nasal cavities. rhinesthesia, rhinsesthesia (ri-nes-the'zJ-ah) [G. rhis (rhin-), nose, + aisthesis, sensation.] The sense of smell. rhlneurynter (ri-nu-rin'ter) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + euryno, I dilate.] A dilatable bag used to make pressure within the nostril to arrest a profuse epistaxis. rhinion (rinl-on) [G. rhinion, nostril.] A cranio- metrio point, the lower end of the suture between the nasal bones, punctum nasale inferius. rhinism (ri'nizm) [G. rhis{rhin-), nose.] The presence of a nasal quality of the voice, rhinolalia. rhinitis (ri-ni'(ne')tis) [G. rhis{rhitu-), nose, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the nasal mucous mem- brane, acute' r,, coryza, cold in the head, an acute catarrhal inflammation .of the mucous membrane of the nose, marked by sneezing, lacrymation, and a profuse secretion of watery mucus, atroph'ic r., chronic r. with thinning of the mucous membrane, chron'ic r., a protracted sluggish inflammation, usually with profuse mucopurulent discharge, of the nasal mucous membrane; in the later stages the mucous mem- brane with its glands may be thickened, hyper- trophic r., or thinned, atroph'ic t. croupous r., membranous r. fi'biinous r., membranous r. gan'grenous r., cancrum nasi, hypertroph'ic r., chronic r. with permanent thickening of the mucous membrane, mem'branous r., a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane attended with a fibrinous or pseudomembranous exudate, pseudomem'branous r., membranous r. r. caseo'sa, caseous r., a form of chronic r. in which the nasal cavities are more or less com- pletely filled with an ill-smelling cheesy material. I. purulen'ta, purulent r., a chronic r. in which pus formation is excessive, r. sic'ca, a form of chronic r. with little or no secretion, t. vaso- moto'ria, hay-fever, scrofulous r., tuberculous infection of the nasal mucous membrane. rhinoantritls (ri"no-an-tri'(tre')tis) [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, + antron, a cave.] Inflammation of the nasal cavities and one or both antra of Highmore. rWno'byon [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, + byd, I plug.] A nasal plug or tampon. rhinocanthec'tomy [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + kanthas, canthus, + ekiome, excision.] Excision of the inner canthus of the eye, rhinommectomy. rhinocele, rhlnoccele (ri'no-sel). Rhinocoelia. Thinoceph'alus [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, -|- kephale, head.] A cyclopic monster having simple skin folds in place of a nose, rhinencephalus, rhinoph- thalmus. rhlnochiloplasty (ri-no-kilo-plas-tJ) [G. rhis (rhin-), nose, + cheilos, lip, H- plasso, I form.] Plastic or reparative surgery of the nose and upper lip. rhlnocleisis (ri-no-kli'sis) [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, -I- kleisis, a closure.] Nasal obstruction, rhinosten- osis. rhinocoelia (ri-no-se'll-ah) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + koilia, a hollow.] The primitive cavity or ventricle of the rhinencephalon. RHINOCULIN 869 RHIPICEPHALUS rhinoc'ulin. Trade name of an ointment contain- ing a local anesthetic, asserted to be non-toxic, recommended in the treatment of hay-fever. rhinodacryolith (ri-no-dak'ri-o-lith) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, -I- dakryon, tear, + Uthos, stone.] A calculus in the nasal duct. rhinodynia (ri-no-din'i-ah) [G. rhisirhin-), nose, -|- odyne, pain.] Rhinalgia. rhinola'lia [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + lalia, talking.] Nasal speech, rhinophonia, rhinism; it may be caused by abnormal size of the posterior nasal apertures, r. aper'ta, or by partial or complete closure of the same, r. clau'sa, rbinolaiyngitis (ri-no-lar-in-ji'(je')tis) [G. rhis (rkin-), nose, -t- larynx(,laryng-) + -itis.'\ Inflam- mation of the nasal and laryngeal mucous membranes. rhinolarjmgol'ogy. Rhinology and laryngology combined. rhi'nolith [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + Uthos, stone.] Nasal calculus; a calcareous concretion in the nasal cavity. Thinolithi'asis. The presence of a nasal calculus. rhinological (ri-no-loj'i-kal). Relating to rhin- ology. ihinol'ogist. One versed in rhinology, a specialist in diseases of the nose. rhinology (ri-nol'oji) [G. rhis{rhin-) , nose, + -ology.] The branch of medical science which has to do with the nose and its diseases. rhinomanometer (ri-no-man-om'e-tur) [G. rhis- (rhin-), nose, -I- manometer. 1 An instrument used to determine the presence and amount of nasal obstruction, as shown by the rise' and fall of a column of water. rhinom'eter [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, + metron, meas- ure.] An instrument, consisting of a rod with two separable arms, used to measure the width of the nasal passages. rhinomio'sis [G. rhis(rkin-), nose, -f- meiosis, a making smaller.] An operation for reducing the size of the nose. rhinommec'tomy [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + omma, eye, + ektome, excision.] Excision of the inner canthus of the eye, rhinocanthectomy. rhinonecrosis (ri"no-ne-kro'sis) [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, + nekrosis, deadness.] Necrosis of the bones of the nose. rhinopharyn'geal. i. Relating to the nose and the pharynx. 2. Relating to the rhinopharynx. rhinopharyngitis (ri-no-far-in-ji'(je')tis). Naso- pharyngitis, inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the upper part of the pharynx and posterior nares. r. mu'tilans, a destructive ulceration beginning on the soft, palate and extending thence to the hard palate, nasophar3Tix, and nose, resulting in mutilating cicatrices; the disease, so far as known, occurs only in certain portions of the tropics, especially the islands of the Pacific; gangosa. rhinopharyngolith (ri"no-far'ing-go-lith) [G. lithos, stone.] A concretion in the rhinopharynx. rhinophar'ynx [G. rhis(rhin-), nose.] Nasopharynx, the upper portion of the pharynx, above the level of the palate. rhinopho'nia [G. rhisirhin-), nose, + phone, voice.] Rhinolalia. rhinophy'ma [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, -I- phyma, tumor.] Acne rosacea of the nose, associated with a marked degree of connective-tissue hypertrophy, rosacea hypertrophica. rhinoplasty (ri'no-plas-ti) [G. rhisirhin-), nose, -|- pla.iso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the nose, the supplying of a partial or com- plete defect of the nose by tissue taken from elsewhere. Carpue's r., Indian r. English t., I. by means of a flap from the cheek. In'dian r., r. by means of a flap from the forehead. Ital'ian r., r. by means of a flap taken from the arm. Tagliaco'tian r., Italian r. rhinopol'ypus. A nasal polypus. rhinop'sia [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, + opsis, vision.] Convergent squint. rhinoreaction (ri"no-re-ak'shun). Moeller's test for tuberculosis ; one drop of a 2 per cent, solution of tuberculin is placed on the mucous membrane of the middle nasal fossa and inferior turbinate and distributed by a wad of gauze on a probe; a positive reaction is indicated by marked redness of the parts followed by an exudate which soon dries to a crust. rhinorrha'gia [G. rhisirhin-), nose, + -rkagia.] Epistaxis, nosebleed, especially if profuse. rhinorrhaphy (ri-nor'S-fl) [G. rhis{rhin-), + rhaphe, sewing.] Excision of an oval piece of skin from the bridge of the nose and union of the edges of the wound, so as to take up the slack, for the relief of epicanthus. rhinorrhe'a, rhinorrhoe'a [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + rhoia, flow.] Nasal hydrorrhea ; a profuse watery discharge from the nasal mucous membrane. cerebrospi'nal r., a spontaneous discharge of cerebrospinal fluid from the nose. rhinosalpingitis (ri"no-sal"pin-ji'(ie') tis) [G. rhis (rhin~), nose, -I- salpinx(salping-), tube, -1 — itis.'} Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and Eustachian tube. rhinoscle'rin. Trade name of a vaccine from a culture of the bacillus of rhinoscleroma, recom- mended in the treatment of that disease. rhinoscleroma (ri"no-skle-ro'mah) [G. rhis{rhin-), nose, -H skleros, hard, -f -oma.] A hard, nodular, reddish, glossy growth, tender on pressure, but not spontaneously painful, occurring chiefly at the anterior nares, but occasionally in the external auditory meatus. It is believed to be due to the presence of a specific bacillus. rhinoscope (ri'no-skop). A small mirror attached at a suitable angle to a rod-like handle, used in posterior rhinoscopy. rhinoscop'ic. Relating to the rhinoscope or to rhinoscopy. rhinoscopy (ri-nos'ko-pl) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, -H skopeo, I examine.] Inspection of the nasal cavity, ante'rior c, , inspection of the anterior portion of the nasal cavity with or without the aid of a nasal speculum, me'dian r., inspection of the roof of the nasal cavity and openings of the posterior ethmoid cells and sphenoidal sinus by means of a long-bladed nasal speculum. poste'rior r., inspection of the nasopharynx and posterior portion of the nasal cavity by means of the rhinoscope. rhinosporidiosis (ri"no-spo-rid-K-o'sis). Invasion of the nasal cavity by a species of Rhinosporid- ium (g.».). Rhinosporld'ium kineal'yi [G.rhis (rhin-), nose, + sporidion, dim. of sporos, seed.] A protozoan organism of the order Haplosporidia, found in certain vascular raspberry-like tumors of the septum nasi in natives of India. rhinostenosis (ri"no-ste-no'sis) [G. rhis(rhin-), nose, + stenosis, a narrowing.] Rhinocleisis, nasal obstruction. Rhipiceph'alus [G. rhipis, fan, -I- kephalS, head.] A genus of ticks, several species of which are agents in the infection of cattle and sheep with "coast fever," "heart-water disease," and vari- RHIPICEPHALUS 870 RHYTHMEUR ous other affections. R. appendicula'tus, brown tick, a species transmitting Piroplasma parvum, the protozoan parasite of Rhodesian redwater fever. R. bursa, a species of tick which trans- mits the pathogenic protozoan of heart-water in sheep. R. simus, black-pitted tick, a species which, like R. appendiculatus, transmits the para- site of Rhodesian redwater fever. rhizodontropy (ri"zo-don'tro-pI) [G. rhiza, root, + odous(odont-), tooth, -1- trope, a turn.] The at- tachment of an artificial crown to the root of a tooth by means of a peg. rhizodontrypy (ri"zo-don'tri-pI) [G. rhiza, root, -|- odous(odont-), tooth, + trypad, I bore.] The operation of drilling into the root of a tooth. rhi'zoid [G. rhiza, root, + eidos, resemblance.] i Root-like. ii. In botany, a filamentous branching resembling a root. 3. Irregularly branching, like a root ; noting a form of plate culture ; see cut under colony, i, c. rhizome (ri'zom) [G. rhizoma, root.] In botany, a subterraneous stem, or one lying on the surface, which sends up aerial shoots or branches. rhizomelic (ri-zo-mel'ik) [G. rhiza, root, -t- melos, limb.] Relating to the "roots" of the limbs, i.e. to the hips and shoulders, as in r. spondylosis.* rhizoneure (ri'zo-nur) [G. rhiza, root, + neuron, nerve.] A neiu"on of the posterior nerve-root ganglion. rhizoplast (ri'zo-plast) [G. rhiza, root, -f plastos, formed. ] A prolongation of the fiagellum or of the blepharoplast of a protozoon to the nucleus of the cell. Bhizop'oda [G. rhiza, root, -1- pous(pod-), foot.] A class of the Sarcodina having pseudopodia of various forms, but without axial filaments ; the amebas belong to a subclass of this class. rhizot'omy [G. rhiza, root, + tome, section.] Section of the posterior spinal nerve-roots for the relief of pain or spastic paralysis: Dana's operation. iho'dalline. Thiosinamine. rho'dium [G. rhodios, rose-colored.] A metallic element, symbol Rh, atomic weight 102.9, of bluish gray color, forming reddish compounds with acids. rhodogen'esis [rhodopsin + G. genesis, production.] The reproduction of the visual purple, after it has been bleached out by light, through the with- drawal of light or its absorption by the pigment cells of the chorioid. ihodophylac'tic. Relating to rhodophylaxis. rhodophylazis (ro-do-fi-laks'ls) [rhodopsin + G. phylaxis, a guarding.] The action of the pigment cells of the chorioid in preserving or facilitating the reproduction of the visual purple. rhodop'sin [G. rhodon, rose, + dps, eye.] The visual purple, a red pigment found in the external segments of the rods of the retina ; it is bleached by the action of light and restored in the dark or by the action of the pigment of the chorioid. rhceadine (re'S-den) [G. rhoias, a species of poppy.] An alkaloid obtained from opiurii, CjiHjiNOs, white tasteless prismatic crystals, non-poisonous. rhombenceph'alon [G. rhombos, a lozenge-shaped figure, -|- enkephalos, brain.] [BNA] The lozenge- shaped brain, the posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles, dividing secondarily into myelencephalon and metencephalon. rhomboatloideus (rom"bo-at-lo-id'e-us). See under musculus. rhombocoele, rhomboccelia (rom'bo-sSl, rom"bo- se'II-ah) [G. rhombos, rhomb, -I- koilos, hollow, or hoilia, a hollow.] Sinus rhomboidalis. rhomboid (rom'boyd) [G. rhombos, a rhomb, + eidos, appearance.] Rhomboidal, resembling a rhomb, i.e. an oblique parallelogram, but hav- ing unequal sides; noting especially a ligament and two muscles, r. impress'ion, tuberositas costalis. r. lig'ament, ligamentum costo- claviculare [BNA]. r. muscle, muscular rhom- boideus. r. sinus, the fourth ventricle of the brain. rhomboideus (rom-bo-id'e-us). See under musculus. rhonchal, rhonchial (rong'kal, rong'kl-al). Relating to a rhonchus. rhonchus (rong'kus) [G. rhonchos, a snoring.] Rdle, especially a whistling or sonorous (snor- ing) r41e produced in the larger bronchi or the trachea. Rhopaloceph'alus canceromato'%us. A sporozoon regarded by Korotneff as pathogenic for cancer. rhotacism (ro'tah-sizm) [G. rho, the letter r.] The too frequent use or incorrect pronunciation of the letter r. rhu'barb [G. rheon (or rha) barbaron, foreign rhu- barb.] Any plailt of the genus Rheum, especially R. rhaponiicum-, garden rhubarb, pie-plant, and R. officinale, or its rhizome, the drug rheum. Rhus, gen. rhois [G rhous, sumach.] A genus of trees of the order Anacardiacets, several species of which are employed in medicine. R. aromat'ica, sweet or fragrant sumach; the root bark is em- ployed in the treatment of incontinence of urine in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-1.0). r. gla'bra (N.F.), sumach, the fruit of Rhus glabra, smooth sumach; employed as an astringent in diarrhea in doses of gr. 5--15 (0.3—1 .0), and in infusion as a gargle in chronic pharyngitis, r. toxicodendron, poison oak, poison ivy, climbing siunach, picry, the leaflets of Rhus radicans; a volatile acid con- tained in the leaves of this plant causes in sus- ceptible individuals a violent dermatitis; it is employed in eclectic practice in the exanthemata and erysipelas; in homeopathy for erysipelas, eczema, sprains, lumbago, and rheumatism in the 6th to 30th potency. rhus'in. A concentration product of rhus glabra, employed as an intestinal astringent in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). rhypa'ria [G.] Sordes. rhypophagy (ri-pof'a-jl) [G. rhypos, filth, + phago, I eat.] The eating of filth, scatophagy. rhypophobia (ri-po-fo'bl-ah) [G. rhypos, filth, + phobos, fear.] An exaggerated and morbid fear of dirt or filth. rhythm [G. rhyihmos.] Measured time or motion; the regular alternation of two different or opposite states, can'tering r., a disturbance of r. in the heart sounds comparable to the foot-falls of a cantering horse, gallop r., cantering r. nodal r., abnormal cardiac r. characterized by the simul- taneous contraction of auricles (atria) and ventricles, or the ventricular contraction may precede the auricular by the fraction of a second; it is assumed that in this case the contraction starts from the atrioventricular instead of the sinoauricular node, pen'dulum r., a condition in which the two sounds of the heart are practically alike, and resembling the even swing of a pendu- lum or ticking of a clock, si'nus r., normal cardiac rhythm proceeding from the sinoauricular node, or remains of the sinus venosus. ventric'u- larr., noting the very slow ventricular contrac- tions occurring in cases of heart-block. rhythmeur (ret-mSr' or rith'mur) [Fr.] An ap- paratus for securing rhythmic interruptions of the electric current in an x-rc^y machine. JSXiY rilMlU 871 KlJUtili rhyth'mic. Marked by rhythm. rhytidosis (rit-I-do'sis) [G. rhytidosis, a. -vmnkling.] A sinking in and wrinkling of the cornea. rib [A.S. ribb.'\ i. Costa, one of the twenty-four elongated curved bones forming the main portion of the bony wall of the chest ; each rib articulates by its head (capitulum) and tubercle (tuberositas* costcB) with two adjacent vertebrae and terminates anteriorly in a cartilaginous extension which articulates directly or indirectly with the side of the sternum; the last two ribs on either side are not connected with the sternum, their an- terior extremities being free; the 1st, loth, nth, and 12th ribs articulate each with only one vertebra; the nth and 12th ribs have no tubercle, or tuberosity. 2. In botany, nerve or vein. cer'vical r., an occasional short rib, unattached anteriorly, in the neck above the first rib. false r., costa spuria, one of the five lower ribs on either side which do not articulate with the sternum directly, floating r., costa fluctuans, one of the two lower ribs on either side which are not at- tached anteriorly, true r., costa vera, the seven upper ribs on either side whose cartilages articu- late directly with the sternum. Rib'bert's the'ory [Moritz Wilhelm Hugo Ribbert, German pathologist, *i855.] The theory that a tumor results from the growth of cell-rests per- mitted by reduction in tension of the surrounding tissues. Ribera's meth'od (re-ba'rah) [Jos6 Ribera y Sans, Spanish surgeon, contemporary.] Production of artificial anemia of the lower extremities by means of compression by an elastic spica the circular turn of which is made around the waist. a Ribes' bag. See Chainpeiier* de Ribes. Ribes' gang'Uon (reb) [Frangois Ribes, French physician, 1800— 1864.] The uppermost of the sympathetic ganglia, situated on the anterior communicating artery of the brain. rice. The grain of Oryza saliva, the rice-plant, used for food, and also when finely pulverized as a dusting powder. rice-body. Corpus* oryzoideum. rice-water dischar'ges or stools. A watery fluid containing whitish flocculi, discharged from the bowel in Asiatic cholera, and occasionally in other cases of serous diarrhea. Rich'ardson's spray-produ'cer [Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson, London physician, 1828-1890.] An apparatus for throwing ether spray to produce local anesthesia. Richet's an'eurysm (re-sha') [Didier Dominique Alfred Richet, Parisian surgeon, 1816-1891.] Fusiform aneurysm. Richfield Springs, New York Alkaline-calcic- sulphureted waters. Sixteen springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, dis- orders of stomach, liver, and kidneys, insomnia, and chronic malarial infection. The summer months. There are besides, iron and magnesia springs. Richter's her'nia (rikh'ter) [August Gottlieb Richter, German surgeon, 1742-1812.] Hernia engaging only a portion of the wall of the intestine, parietal hernia. R's suture, an interrupted silver suture for wounds of the intestine. Rich'ter-Monro' line. Monro-Richter line. ricin (ris'in). A specific poison, analogous to the bacterial toxins, occurring in the seeds of the castor-oil plant ; a white, odorless powder which acts as a violent irritant poison to the gastroen- teric tract, gall-passages, and kidneys. ricinine (ris'in-en). A poisonous principle obtained from the castor-oil bean. Ricinus (ris'in-us) [L.] A genus of plants with one species, R. commu'nis, the castor-oil plant ; from the seeds of this is expressed a purgative oil, oleum* ricini; the leaves are reputed to be galactagogue. rick'ets [E. wrick, to twist.] Rachitis, a disease, occurring in infants and young children; it is characterized by softening of the bones, enlarge- ment of the liver and spleen, malnutrition, pro- fuse sweating, and general tenderness of the body when touched, acute r., infantile scurvy, adult r., a disease resembling rickets in many of its fea- tures, occurring in adult life, fetal r., achondro- plasia, hemorrhag'ic r., infantile scurvy, late r., adult r. scurvy r., infantile scurvy. Rick'ett's or'ganism [Howard Taylor Ricketts, American pathologist, 1871-1910.] A polar- staining pleomorphic bacillus, possibly the pathogenic organism of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, or tick* fever (4). rickettsia (rik'et-syah) . Rickett's organism. R. pedic'uli, a species found in the body louse and suggested as the pathogenic organism of trench fever. rick'ety. Rachitic, relating to or suffering from rickets. Ricord's chan'cre (re-kor') [Philippe Ricord, Paris surgeon, bom in Baltimore, 1800-1889.] A syph- ilitic chancre with a thin parchment-like base. Rideal-Walker method (rid'el-waw'kur) [Samuel Rideal, English chemist and bacteriologist, *i863; J. T. Ainslie Walker, English chemist, contem- porary.] A method of standardization of disin- fectants by a comparison of the strength of a disinfectant necessary to kill the typhoid bacillus in a definite tinae with that of a solution of car- bolic acid which will accomplish the same thing in the same time. Ridell's opera'tion. Removal of the entire anterior and inferior walls of the frontal sinus, for chronic inflammation of that cavity. rider's bone. See under bone, r.'s leg, a strain of the adductor muscles of the thigh. ridge [A. S. hrycg, back, spine.] i. A, usually rough, linear elevation. 2. In dentistry, an elongated elevation on the surface of a, tooth. basal r., cingulum (2). bicip'ital r., one of two elevated lines on the humerus, the anterior or internal, crista tuberculi minoris [BNA], and the posterior or external, crista tuberculi majoris [BNA]. buccogin'gival r., a distinct ridge on the buccal surface of a deciduous molar tooth, close to the gingival margin, epicondyl'ic r., one of two ridges for muscular attachments on the humerus, the external on the external border, and the internal on the internal border of the bone. glu'teal r., one of three ridges on the femur which form the upper continuation of the linea aspera, tuberositas glutsea [BNA]. linguogin'gival r., a ridge on the lingual surface of the incisor and canineteeth, near the gums, mar'ginal r., one of the ridges of enamel on the outer edges of the mas- ticatory, or occlusal surface of a premolar or molar tooth, mylohy'oid r., linea mylohyoidea [BNA]. oblique r., a ridge on the masticatory surface of an upper molar tooth from the mesiolingual to the distobuccal cusp, pec'toral r., external bicipital r., crista tuberculi majoris [BNA]. prona'tor r., an oblique r. on the anterior, or volar, surface of the ulna, giving attachment to the pronator quadratus muscle, pter'ygoid r., crista infra- temporalis [BNA]. supercil'iary r., arcus super- ciliaris [BNA]. supplemen'tal r., a r. on the RIDGE 872 RINGER'S SOLUTION surface of a tooth that is not normally present. supracon'dylar r., epicondylic r. supraor'- bital r., a ridge on the frontal bone marking the upper margin of the orbit, tem'poral i., linea temporalis [BNA]. transverse' r., a ridge running transversely across the occlusal surface of a molar tooth, formed by the junction of two trian- gxjlar ridges, trap'ezoid r., an oblique line on the upper surface of the clavicle giving attachment to the trapezoid ligament, trian'gular r., in a molar tooth the ridge on the occlusal surface running from the point of a cusp to the center of the crown. rid'gel, rid'^. A horse with one testicle removed, ridgeling. ridgeUng (rijling). A horse or man with but one testicle, ridgel. Ridley's si'nus [Humphrey Ridley, English anato- mist, 1653-1708.] Sinus circularis. Riedel's disease' (re'del) [Bemhard MoritzCarl Lud- wig Riedel, German surgeon, 1846-1916.] Lig- neous thyroiditis.* R.'s lobe, a tongue-like process, occasionally extending downward from the lower margin of the liver external to the gall-bladder, lobus appendicularis. Riedel's cells (re'der) [Hermann Rieder, German pathologist, *i858.] Polymorphonuclear lym- phoidocytes. Riegel's pulse (re'gel) [Franz Riegel, German physi- cian, 1843— 1904.] A diminution in the size of the pulse during expiration; the converse of the pulsus paradoxus. R.'s symp'toxn-com'plex, tachycardia associated with asthmatic symp- toms. R.'s test for rennin; 5 c.c. of neutralized gastric juice is added to 10 c.c. of milk, and if coagulation occurs after incubation for 15 minutes rennin is present. R.'s test-meal, consists of a plate of soup, 200 grams beef- steak, 50 grams mashed potatoes, and one roll. Riga's disease' (re'gah) [Riga, Italian physician, contemporary.] Erosion or ulceration of the fre- num of the tongue, with induration and the for- mation of a grayish membrane ; it occurs in in- fants during dentition and is thought to be due to the habit of putting out the tongue, the frenum of which is irritated by rubbing against the new lower incisor teeth. Rigal's suture (re-gal') [Joseph Jean Antoine Rigal, French surgeon, 1797-1865.] Rubber suture* for harelip operations. Riggs's disease' [John M. Riggs, American dentist, 1810-1885.] Pyorrhea alveolaris. right [A.S. riht.'] The side of the body opposite to that on which the apex beat of the heart is felt, dexter. right-eyed. Seeing more distinctly with the right eye, or using that eye instinctively in one-eyed operations such as sighting a gun. right-hand'ed. Using the right hand for writing and most manual operations habitually or with greater ease than the left. rigid (rij'id) [L. rigidusl] Stiff, inflexible. rigidity (ri-jid'1-tl). Stiffness, rigor, anatom'ical r., r. of the cervix uteri in labor, not due to any patho- logical infiltration, cadav'eric r., rigor mortis. patholog'ical r;, 1. of the cervix uteri in labor, due to cancer or other morbid condition, post-mor- tem r., rigor mortis. ri'gor [L.] 1. Rigidity. 2. A chill, acid r., coagu- lation of muscle protein induced by acids. heat r., coagulation of muscle protein induced by heat. r. mor'tis [L. mors (gen. mortis), death], stiffening of the body, from one to seven hours after death, due to hardening of the muscular tissues in consequence of the coagulation of the myosinogen and paramyosinogen; it disappears after from one to five or six days, or when decom- position begins, r. nervo'rum, tetanus, r. tremens, paralysis agitans. rl'ma, gen. and pi. ri'mce [L. a slit.] A slit or fissure, or narrow elongated opening between two sym- metrical parts, r. cornea'lis [BNA], corneal cleft, a groove in the sclera into which the edge of the cornea fits. r. glot'tidis [BNA], glottis vera, true glottis, the interval between the true vocal cords, r. o'ris [BNA], the mouth-slit, the aperture of the mouth, r. palpebra'rum [BNA], the lid-slit or fissure between the opposed lids of the closed eye. i. puden'di [BNA], r. vulvse, pudendal or vulvar slit, urogenital cleft, the cleft between the labia majora. r. respirato'ria, r. vestibuli. r. Testib'uU [BNA], glottis spuria, false glottis, the interval between the false vocal cords, r. voca'lis, r. glottidis. r. tuIvsb, r. pudendi. Rimini's test (re'me-ne). A test for formaldehyde in lu-ine, milk, and other fluids, by the use of dilute solution of phenylhydrazin hydrochloride, sodium nitroprusside, and sodium hydroxide. rimmose (rim'5s) [L. rima, a fissure.] Fissured, marked by cracks in all directions, like the crackle of porcelain. rim'ula [L. dim. of rima.J A minute slit or fissure. rin'deipest [Ger. rinder, cattle.] Cattle plague, an acute contagious disease affecting ruminants ; it is characterized anatomically by inflammation, sometimes pseudomembranous, of the intestinal mucous membrane, with swelling and necrosis of Peyer's patches; the pathogenic organism of the disease is unknown. Rindfleisch's cells (rint'flish) [Georg Bduard Rind- fleisch, German physician, *i836.] Granular eosinophile leucocytes. R.'s folds, semilunar folds of the serous surface of the pericardium embrac- ing the beginning of the aorta. ring [A.S. kring.J i. A circular band surrounding a wide central opening. 2. In anatomy, anniilus, any approximately circular structure surrounding an opening or a level area. 3. The chain of atoms in a closed-chain* compound, abdom'inal r., inguinal r., annulus inguinalis abdominalis, annulus inguinalis subcutaneus. carbocy'cUc r., see carbocyclic. contrac'tion r., Bandl's ring, a slight constriction marking the boundary between the upper and the lower uterine segments, cru'ral r., annulus femoralis. exter'nal abdom'i- nal r., annulus inguinalis subcutaneus [BNA]. fem'oral r., annulus femoralis. glauco'matous r., a yellowish white ring, indicating atrophy of the chorioid, surrounding the optic disc in glaucoma. heterocy'cUc r., see heterocyclic, in'guinal r., annulus inguinalis. inter'nal abdom'inal r., annulus inguinalis abdominalis. isocy'cUc r., see isocyclic. lym'phoid c, the broken ring of lymphoid tissue, formed of the lingual, faucial, and pharyngeal tonsils, ton'sillar r., Waldeyer's* throat-ring, lymphoid ring, umbil'ical r., annu- lus umbilicalis. ring-bone. A bony deposit on the pastern of a horse, forming a more or less complete ring around the bone; occurring just above the coronet, it is called low ring-bone, in the middle of the pastern, high ring-bone, false r.-b., an exostosis on the middle or upper part of the long pastern bone in the horse. Ring'er's solu'tion [Sidney Ringer, English phy- siologist, 1835-1910.] A solution resembling the blood serum in constitution. One formula is: sodium chloride, 1.8; calcium chloride, 0.048; RINGER'S SOLUTION 873 RIVIERE'S POTION potassium chloride, 0.084; sodium bicarbonate, 0.06; distilled water, 200. Another formula is: sodium chloride, 229 gr.; magnesium chloride, 25! gr.; potassium chloride, 8i gr.; magnesium sulphate, 13 gr.; calcium sulphate, 8i gr.; distilled water, i pint. ring-knife. Spoke-shave; a circular or oval ring of steel with internal cutting edge, on the model of the carpenter's spoke-shave, used for shaving off tumors in the nasal and other cavities. ring'worm. A vegetable parasitic disease of the skin and its appendages, tinea. Bow'ditch Island r., tinea irabricata. Burmese r., tinea imbricata. Chinese r., tinea imbricata. India r., tinea im- bricata. hon'eycomb r., favus. hypertroph'ic r., granuloma trichophyticum. r. of the beard, tinea barbae, tinea sycosis, r. of the body, tinea corporis, tinea circinata. r. of the genitocru'ral re'gion, tinea cruris, r. of the nails, tinea unguium, onychomycosis trichophytina. r. of the scalp, tinea capitis, tinea tonsurans, scaly r., tinea im- bricata. To'kelan r., tinea imbricata. Rinne's test (rin'neh) [Heinrich Adolf Rinne, German otologist, 1819-1868.] i. Positive test: a vibrating tuning fork is held in contact with the skull until the sound is lost, its prongs are then brought close to the auditory orifice when, if the hearing is normal, a faint sound will again be heard. 2. Negative test: a vibrating tuning fork is heard longer and louder when in contact with the skull than when held near the auditory orifice, indicating some disorder of the sound-conduct- ing apparatus. Hiolan's arch (re-ol-on') [Jean Riolan, French anato- mist, 1580— 1657.] The arched transverse mes- ocolon. R.'s bones, several small detached pieces of bone occasionally present in the petro-occipital suture of the cranium. R.'s bouquef , a collective name for the 3 muscles and 2 ligaments attached to the styloid process of the temporal bone ; the 3 muscles (red flowers) are the stylohyoid, stylo- glossus, and stylopharyngeus ; the 2 ligaments (white flowers) are the stylohyoid and stylomaxil- lary. R.'s muscle, musculus ciliaris (2). ri'pa [L. a bank.] i. Taenia thalami. 2. Any line formed by the reflexion of the endyma of the brain from a ventricular surface. ripa'rian. Relating to a ripa, marginal. Ripault's sign (re-po') [Louis Henri Antonin Ripault, French physician, 1807-1856.] A sign of death, consisting in a permanent change in the shape of the pupil produced by unilateral pressure on the eyeball. Rippoldsau, Germany (rip'polt-sow). Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-carbonated waters. Cold. Five springs. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chlorosis, skin .affections, scrofula, gout, rheumatism, and neuralgia. May i to October i. Rls'ley's ro'tary prism [Samuel Doty Risley, Philadel- phia opthalmologist, *i845.] A prism with cir- cular base which can be rotated in a metal frame piaiiked with a scale, used in examination of im- balance of the ocular muscles. ris'iccol. Trade name of a powder said to consist of equal parts of magnesia usta and castor oil with sugar and flavoring agents ; recommended in place of castor-oil in dose of 5i (15 . o). risk [Fr. W9M«; L. rs, back, -t- ^ecare, to cut.] i. In life insurance, the company's obligation assumed in the policy contract. 2. An insured person or an applicant for life insurance, impaired r., an in- sured person, or applicant for life insurance, whose family history is bad, denoting a positive lack of longevity, or who has had or now has some organic disease in a more or less advanced stage ; a variety of substandard r. substan'dard r., a risk assumed in the insurance of a person who has some hereditary or acquired tendency to disease or a slight impairment of some organ ; in view of the decreased, expectancy of life in such a case an increased premium is charged. supeiBtan'dard r., an insured person or applicant for life insurance, whose family historyis exceptionally good or whose habits or circumstances are such as to warrant an expectancy of life greater than that of the average healthy man; it has been suggested to create a class of such exceptional risks who may be ac- cepted at a smaller premium than the regular pre- mium for others of the same age. under-av'erage r., an insured person, or applicant forlifeinsurance, who is engaged in a hazardous occupation, who suffers from some slight ailment, whose general appearance is not good, or whose family history reveals a lack of resisting power; a division of substandard r. risorius (ri-saw'ri-us) [L. risor, a. laugher.] See under musculus. ri'sus [L.] A laugh, r. cani'nus, r. sardon'icus, the semblance of a grin caused by facial spasm, especially in tetanus. Rit'ter's disease [Gottfried Ritter von Rittershain, German physician, 1820-1883.] 1. Dermatitis exfoliativa infantum. 2. Winckel's disease. R.'s law, a nerve is stimulated at both the open- ing and the closing of an electrical current. R.'s o'pening tet'anus, the tetanic contraction which occasionally occurs when a strong current, passing through a long stretch of nerve, is opened. Ritter-RoUet phenom'enon (rit'er-r6-la') [Johann Wilhelm Rttter, German physicist, 1 776-1810.] On equal electrical stimulation of motor nerve- trunks, the flexor and adductor muscle-groups react more readily than the extensors and ab- ductors. Ritt'er-Val'U law [see i?«'a«r-Rollet ; Eusebio Valli, Italian physiologist, 1726-1816.] If a nerve is cut off from its center or if the center is destroyed, the nerve at first shows increased irritability from the center outward, but it soon loses all irrita- bility. Rival'ta's disease' [Sebastiano Rivalta, Italian veterinary surgeon, contemporary.] Actinomy- cosis. R.'s reac'tion, a means of differentiating between transudates and inflammatory exudates into a test-tube containing i drop of a 50 per cent solution of acetic acid in 50 c.c. distilled water, one drop of the fluid is let fall ; a bluish white ring is formed which broadens out and presents opales- cent striations when the fluid is of inflammatory origin; a pure dropsical transudate gives no reaction. Riva-Rocci sphygmomanom'eter (re'vah-rot'che) [S. Riva Rocci, Italian physician, contemporary.] One of the earliest forms of sphygmomanometer in which the systolic or maximum blood-pressure is measured by the force necessary "to arrest the circulation in the brachial artpry, this force being shown by a merciury manometer; see illustration on page 859. Rive'rius' po'tion. Riviere's potion. R.'s salt, potassium citrate. Riviere's po'tion (re-ve-air') [Lazare Riviire, French physician,, 1589-1655.] An effervescing drink made by combining a solution of potassium, or sodium bicarbonate and one of citric acid, official in the French codex; liquor sodii citratis (N.F.). RIVINUS'S CANALS 874 ROCK ENON SPRINGS Rivinus's canals' or ducts (re-ve'noos) [August Quirin Rivinus, the Latinized form of Bachmann, German anatomist, 1652-1723.] Ductus Rivini, ductus riviniani, the ducts of the sublingual gland; the ductus major Rivini is an occasional large duct of the sublingual gland, opening near Wharton's duct, it is also called Bartholin's duct. R.'s fora'men, a minute opening in Shrapnell's membrane thought to be normal, but later re- garded as an artefact: also called Bochdalek's canal. R.'s glands, sublingual glands. R.'s incl'sure, R.'s notch. R.'s mem'brane, Shrap- nell's* membrane. R.'s notch or seg'ment, the interrupted portion of the sulcus tympanicus. R.'s tympan'ic incl'sure, R.'s notch. The Riva-Rocci Sphygmomanometer. rivulose (riv'u-los) [L. rivus, a brook.] Marked by irregular wavy lines, like the rivers on a map; noting the appearance of a bacterial colony. ri'vus lacrima'lis [L. rivus, stream.] A space between the closed lids and the eyeball through which the tears flow to the punctum lacrimale riz'iform [Fr. ria, rice, + forme, form.] Resem bling rice-grains. RLS person. A stammerer, so called because these are the letters which are usually mis- pronounced. R.M.A. Abbreviation of right mentoanterior, not- ing a face presentation of the fetus with the chin pointing to the right acetabulum of the mother. R.M.P. Abbreviation of right mentoposterior, not- ing a face presentation of the fetus with the chin pointing to the right sacroiliac joint of the mother. R.N. Abbreviation for registered nurse. R.O.A. Abbreviation of right occipitoanterior presentation, the occiput of the fetus being turned toward the right acetabulum of the mother. Roanoke' Red Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Alkaline- carbonated-sulphureted, and alkaline-chalyb- eate-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in chronic throat, bronchial, and pulmonary af- fections, hay-fever, anemia, and debility. The summer months. roaring (rawr'ing). A rough inspiratory sound made by the horse when breathing rapidly; it is due to partial paralysis of the vocal cords or to ob- struction in some part of the respiratory pas- sages; occasionally the sound occurs with expiration as well. Robert's pel'vis (r6-bair') [C&ar Alphonse Robert, Parisian surgeon, 1801-1862.] A pelvis flattened transversely, the inlet being long and narrow; see cut under pelvis. Rob'erts' test [Sir William Roberts, London physician, 1830-1899.] I. The suspected urine is poured gently down the side of a test-tube containing a saturated solution of sodium chloride with 5 per cent, hydrochloric acid; if albumin is present a white disc appears at the plane of contact. 2. A quantitative test for sugar, determined by the change in specific gravity of the urine on fermen- tation of the sugar. Rob'ertson's pu'pil. See ArgylURoberison. Robin's my'eloplaxes (rfi-ban') [Charles Philippe Robin, Parisian physician, 1821-1885.] Osteo- clasts, multinuclear cells of the bone-marrow. R.'s spa'ces, minute spaces between the adven- titia and the muscularis of an artery, constituting the lymphatic system of the vessel. R.'s sym- pez'ion, nitrogenous concretions in the seminal vesicles. ro'bin. A poisonous nucleoproteiu from the inner bark of Robinia pseudacacia or American locust; emetic and purgative. rob'inol [after Albert Robin, a. Parisian physician.] Trade name of a preparation of the glycerophos- phates of calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, quinine, and strychnine in a solution containing no sugar. Robinson's circle (rob'in-sunz sur'kl) [Fred Byron Robinson, Chicago anatomist, 1857-1910. ] An arterial circle formed by anastomoses between the abdominal aorta, common iliac, hypogas- tric, uterine, and ovarian arteries. Rob'inson's disease' [Andrew R. Robinson, NewYork "dermatologist, *i845.] Hidrocystoma. Rob'inson's opera'tion. For varicose veins, by sec- tion, between two ligatures of the affected veins. Robiquet's paste (r6-be-ka') [Pierre Jean Robiquet, French physician, 1780-1840.] A cancer paste of equal parts of zinc chloride and flour with guttapercha added to form a firm mass. Robles' fe'ver (ro'blas) [Robles, Honduras physi- cian.] An affection, neither typhoid nor mala- ria, marked by an irregular fever and slight gen- eral symptoms, lasting from two or three weeks to as many months. Tob'orant [L. roborare, to strengthen.] 1. Tonic, strength-giving, a. A strengthening agent, a tonic. ro'borin. Trade name of a substance said to be prepared from beef blood, recommended as a tonic in anemia and convalescence from acute diseases. Rob'son's point, R.'s posi'tion. See Mayo-Robson. Rochelle pow'der (ro-shel') [a city in France.] Seidlitz* powder. R. salt, potassii et sodii tartras. Rocher's sign (rfi-sha') [Rocher, Bordeaux sur- geon, contemporary.] Signe du tiroir, drawer sign; if one lies supine with knees flexed, the soles of the feet resting flat on the table, and then grasps the tibia pushing it forward, as in closing a drawer, it will slide freely over the femoral surface if the crucial ligaments have been injured. Rock'bridge Alum Springs, Virginia. Acid-chalyb- eate-aluminous waters, 50° F. to 56° F. Numer- ous springs. Used by drinking and externally in chronic diarrhea, leucorrhea, pharyngitis, rhinitis, atonic and catarrhal conditions of the mucous membrane, scrofulous ulcers, and syph- ilitic eruptions. Rock Castle Springs, Kentucky. Light saline- chalybeate-carbonated waters. Used by drink- ing for the tonic »nd diuretic properties. Rock Enon Springs, Virginia. Sulphated-saline- chalybeate, and alkaline-carbonated waters. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing in dyspepsia, gout, catarrhal affections, dis- ROCK ENON SPRINGS 875 ROLANDO'S ANGLE orders of the kidneys and urinary passages, rheumatism, skin diseases, intestinal worms, cuts, bruises, and venomous bites. rock fever. Malta fever. rock-rose. Helianthemum. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Tick* fever (4). rod [A.S. rod.] i. A straight slender cylindrical formation. 2. One of the rhodopsin-containing cells forming with the cones the layer of rods and cones of the retina. Corti's r., see Corti. enam'el r., one of the enamel prisms of a tooth. r. bacte'ria, bacilli. ro'dagen. A white powder prepared from the milk of goats from which the thyroid gland has been removed; employed in the treatment of Graves' disease and other conditions supposed to be due to hypersecretion of the thyroid gland. ro'dent ul'cer. A superficial iJcerating epithelioma of relatively slight malignancy, situated usually on the face, ulcus exedens, ulcus rodens. rodonalgia (ro-don-al'ji-ah) [G. rodon, rose, + algos, pain.] . Erythromelalgia. Roederer's ecchymo'ses (re'der-er) [Johann Georg Roederer, German obstetrician, 1727-1763.] Minute ecchymoses on the pleiira and pericar- dium sometimes seen in stillborn infants, thought to be due to an attempt of the fetus to breathe while in the uterus. R.'s obliq'uity, the position of the fetal head at the brim of the pelvis in normal labor, with the occiput presenting, favor- ing subsequent flexion. Roemer's exper'iment (re'mer) [Paul Roemer, Ger- man bacteriologist, 1876-1916.] The instillation of abrin into the conjunctiva, demonstrating the local formation of antitoxins. Roentgen rays (rent'gen) [Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, German physicist, *i845.] .?f-rays.* roentgenism (rent'gen-izm). i. The employment of tKe Roentgen rays* in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. 2. Any untoward effects of the Roentgen rays on the tissues. roentgenization (rent"gen-i-za'shun). Roentgen- ism (i). roentgenize (rent'gen-iz). To apply the Roentgen rays in diagnosis or treatment. roentgenogram (rent'gen-o-gram). The shadow picture made on a sensitized film or plate by the Roentgen rays.* roentgenograph (rent'gen-o-graf). To make a roentgenogram. roentgenog'raphy {Roentgen (rays) + G. grapko, I write.] Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of the Roent- gen rays, the record of the findings being im- pressed upon a photographic plate; skiagraphy. roentgenologist (rent"gen-ol'o-jist). One skilled in the diagnostic or therapeutic application of Roentgen rays. roentgenol'ogy [Roentgen (rays) + G. -logia.} The study of the Roentgen rays* in all their appli- cations. roentgenometry (rent-gen-om'e-trl) [G. metron, measure.] Measurement of the roentgenothera- peutic dosage and of the penetrating power of the «-rays; x-ray dosimetry. roentgenoscope (rent'gen-o-scope). An apparatus for examination by means of the shadow picture produced by the Roentgen rays on a fluorescent screen; fluoroscope. roentgenoscopy (rent-gen-os'ko-pl) [Roentgen (rays) + G. skoped, I view. ] Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of the Roentgen rays projected upon a fluorescent screen; skiascopy, fluoroscopy. roentgenother'apy [Roentgen (rays) + G. therapeia, treatment.] The treatment of, disease by means of the Roentgen rays.* roentog'raphy. Roentgenography. roethelen (re'teln) [Ger. dim. of roeihe, redness.] German measles, rubella.* Roger-Josufi test (r6-zha'-zho-zu-a') [H. L. Roger; Otto JosuS, French physician, *i869.] Blister test.* Roger's bacillus (r6-zha') [C. H. Roger, Parisian physician, *i86o.] A bacillus of rather large size found in cases of dysenteriform enteritis. Roger's disease' (r6-zha') [Henri Louis Roger, Parisian physician, 1811-1892.] Circulatory dis- turbances dependent upon a congenital defect of the interventricular septum. R.'s reac'tion, the presence of albumin in the sputum, regarded as corroborative evidence of tuberculosis. R.'s symp'tom, a subnormal temperature toward the termination of tuberculous meningitis Rogers' "Tycos" Sphygmomanometer. Rogers' sphygmomanom'eter [Oscar H. Rogers, New York physician, *i857.] Tycos sphygmo- rtianometer, one constructed with the usual arm sleeve and inflating bulb, but with an aneroid barometer gauge graduated in quarter centimeters instead of the mercury manometer. de Rohan's meth'od (de-ro-an'). Treatment of fissure of the nipple by means of a breast-pump. Rokitan'sky's disease' [Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Viennese pathologist, 1804-1878.] Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. R.'s divertic'ulum, a traction diverticulum of the esophagus. R.'s her'nia, a separation of the muscular fibers of the bowel allowing protrusion of a sac of the mucous mem- brane or one of the peritoneum. R.'s kidney, amyloid kidney. R.'s pelvis, spondylolisthetic pelvis.* R.'s tumor, a multilocvdar ovarian cyst. Rolan'dic. Relating • to or described by Luigi Ro- lando,* as Rolandic fissure, line, point, etc. Rolan'do's angle [Luigi Rolando, Italian anatomist, 1773— 1831.] The angle which the direction of the fissure of R. makes with the midplane, usually from 69° to 74°, with a general average of a few minutes over 73°. R.'s a'rea, the motor area in the cerebral cortex comprising the precentral and postcentral convolutions. R.'s cells, the ganglion cells in R.'s gelatinous substance. R.'s column, a slight ridge on either side of the medulla obongata. R.'s fissure, sulcus centralis. R.'s gelat'inous substance, a translucent substance of gelatinous appearance, consisting of ganglion- cells and neuroglia, capping the posterior comu of the spinal cord on either side. R.'s lobe, oper- culum. R.'s points, two points in the surface of the skull on either side, corresponding to the upper and lower extremities of R.'s fissure. R.'s substance, substantia gelatinosa. R.'s tu'bercle. ROLANDO'S ANGLE 876 ROSENBACH'S DISEASE a small oblong grayish prominence on the exter- nal and inferior surfaces of the restiform body, below and behind the tip of the olive. rolandom'eter [Rolando (fissure of) + G. metron, measure.] An appliance for tracing on the exter- nal surface of the skull the location and course of R.'s fissure. roll-culture, roll-tube culture. See under culture. roller (rSl'ur). A strip of muslin or cheese-cloth, usually from two to four or five inches wide and several yards long, rolled upon itself to form a compact cylinder; a roller-bandage. Rol'ler's nu'cleus [Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Roller, German alienist, 1802-1878.] A small bulbar nucleus lying immediately anterior to the hypoglossal nucleus, believed to be an accessory hypoglossal nucleus. Rol'let's stro'ma [Alexander Rollet, Austrian physiol- ogist, 1834-1903.] The colorless stroma of the red blood-corpuscles. Romanov'sky's chro'matin stain [Dimitri Leonidov Romanovsky, Russian physician, *i86i.] Aqueous solutions are made of methylene blue (saturated) and of eosin (i per cent.), and a mixture is made of i part of the first to 2 parts of the second at the time of the staining opera- tion. See Nocht's and Goldhorn's modified stains. Romberg's disease (rom'berg) [Moritz Heinrich Romberg, Berlin physician, 1795-1873.] Facial hemiatrophy. R.'s spasm, trismus occurring in facial spasm. R.'s symptom, (i) Brauch*-Rom- berg symptom; (2) Romberg-Howship symptom. Rom'berg-How'ship symp'tom [M. H. Romberg; John Howship.] Lancinating pains along the inner side of the thigh to the knee, or even down the leg to the foot, in cases of incarcerated obturator hernia; caused by compression of the obturator nerve. Rom'berg-Paess'ler syn'drome [M. H. Romberg; H. Paessler, German physician, contemporary.] Tympanites, rapid heart action, low blood-pres- sure, stupor or coma, and the general symptoms of shock, due to dilatation of the blood-vessels in the splanchnic area. Rom'melaere's sign [Guillaume Rommelaere, Bel- gian physician, *i836.] Diminution of the phos- phates, sodium chloride, and nitrogen in the urine in cancer. Roncegno, Austria (ron-chan'yo, ron-tseg'no). Arsenical waters with a large proportion of metal- lic sulphates. Used internally and by bathing in anemia, chlorosis, neurasthenia, malarial cach- exia, chronic bronchial catarrh, prolonged con- valescence, early phthisis, cutaneous disorders, and chronic rheumatism. April 1 5 to October 3 1 . rongeur (rawn-zhSr') [Fr. ronger; to gnaw.] A strong biting forceps for gouging away bone. roof (A. S. krof.] Tegmen. r. of fourth ventricle, tegmen ventriculi quarti. r. of orbit, paries superior orbitae. r. of skull, calvaria. r. of tympanum, tegmen tympani, paries tegmentalis cavi tympani. roof -cell. A nerve-cell of the roof-nucleus. roof -nu'cleus. Nucleus fastigii. root [A.S. rot.] 1. The subterranean portion of a plant, which fixes the plant in the soil, and ab- sorbs moisture and nutrient material, a. In anatomy the base, foundation, or beginning of any part, radix. 3. Radix dentis, the portion of a tooth below the neck, covered bycementum, and fixed in the alveolus, ante'rior r., radix anterior, the one of two bundles of nerve-fibers, emerging from the spinal cord and joining to form a spinal nerve, which is composed of motor fibers, dorsal r., posterior r. fa'cial r., radix nervi facialis, nerve r., one of two bundles of nerve fibers emerging from the spinal cord which join to form a spinal nerve; some of the cranial nerves are similarly formed by the union of two roots, olfac'tory f., stria olfactoria. poste'rior r., radix posterior, the spinal nerve r. which con- tains sensory fibers and on which is seated' a ganglion, i. of a hair, radix pili. r. of the lung, radix pulmonis, r. of the nail, radix unguis, r. of a tooth, radix dentis [BNA]. ven- tral r., anterior r. yellow r., hydrastis. root-canal'. Pulp* canal. root-sheath. One of the epidermic layers of the hair-follicle; the outer root-sheath is derived from the rete mucosum, the inner from the stratum comeum; the latter is composed of two layers, Henle's externally and Huxley's internally. R.O.P. Abbreviation of right occipitoposterior presentation, the occiput of the fetus being in relation with the right sacroiliac joint of the mother. Rosa (ro'zah) [L. rose.] A genus of plants including the roses. R. centifo'lia, the pale rose. R. cani'na, dog rose. R. damasce'na, damask rose. R. gall'ica, red rose; see the following. ro'sa gal'lica [L. French rose.] (U.S.) Rosae gal- licae petala (Br.), red rose, the petals of Rosa gal- lica collected before expanding; employed in sev- eral pharmaceutical preparations. rosa astu'rica. Pellagra. rosacea (ro-za'se-ah) [L. rosaceus, rosy.] Acne* rosacea, r. hypertroph'ica, rhinophyma. rosacic acid (roz-as'ik as'id). Purpurin (i). rosan'ilin, rosan'iline. A derivative of aniline, Cj„- Hji N3O, occurring in brownish red crystals ; used as a base in the manufacture of various dyes. ro'saiy. See imder rachitic. rose [L. rosa.] i. The flower of a plant of the genus Rosa. 2. Erysipelas, cabbage r., Rosa centifolia. damask r., Rosa damascena. dog r., Rosa canina. moss r., Rosa centifolia. pale r., Rosa centifolia. red r., Rosa gallica. rose-cold. June cold, hay-fever occurring in the early summer. Rose's blood test (ro'zeh) [Heinrich J?05e, German chemist, 1795-1864.] The scrapings of a blood- stain are boiled in a dilute solution of caustic potassa; the dissolved hematin gives to the fluid, when examined in a thin layer, a bile- green color, and in thicker layer a red color. R.'s metal, an alloy of bismuth 2, lead i, and tin i. Rose's cephal'ic tet'anus (ro'zeh) [Edmund Rose, Berlin physician, 1836-1914.] Tetanus confined to the head, characterized by spasmodic dyspha- gia and accompanied usually by paraljrsis of the facial nerve, following a wound of the head. R.'s posi'tion, an operative position of the body with the head in strong extension hanging over the end of the table, employed in operations on the pharynx ta prevent the entrance of blood into the air passages. rosein, roseine (roz'in, ro'zSn). Puchsiu. rosemary (r5z'ma-ri). Rosmarinus. Rosenbach's disease' (ro'zen-bahkh) [Ottomar Rosenbach, Berlin physician, 1851-1907.] Heber- den's* nodes. R.'s law, (i) in affections of the nerve-trunks or nerve-centers, paralysis of the flexor muscles appears later than that of the ex- tensors; (2) ill cases of abnormal stimulation of organs with rhythmical functional periodicity, there is often a grouping of the individual acts with corresponding lengthening of the pauses, in ROSENBACH'S DISEASE 877 ROTARY such a way that the proportion of total rest and activity remains nearly the same. R.'s sign, (i) inability of neurasthenics to close the eyes imme- diately and completely on command; (2) trembling of the upper lids, when the eyes are gently closed, in Graves' disease; (3) loss of the abdominal reflex in cases of acute inflammation of the viscera. R.'s syn'drome, tachycardia associated with gas- tric' and respiratory disturbances. R.'s test for bile in the urine ; the suspected urine is passed several times through the same filter paper, this is then dried and touched with a drop of slightly fuming nitric acid when the play of colors characteristic of the bile-pigments is produced, viz., a yellow spot surroimded by rings of red, violet, blue, and green. Rosenbach's tuber'culin (ro'zen-bahkh) [F. J. R. Rosenbach, German physician, contemporary.] A 2 months old tubercle bacillus culture is sown with particles of Trichophyton holosericum album; in ten days the mould covering the culture and containing the bacilli is separated from the medium, triturated in a glycerin-phenol solution, filtered, and added to the filtered fluid of the culture medium. Rosenheim's en'ema (ro'zen-him) [Theodor Rosen- heim, German physician, *i86o.] A nutrient enema composed of peptone, grape-sugar, and codliver oil emulsion in a. 0.3 per cent, soda solution. RosenmueUer's bod'y (ro'zen-mii-ler) [Johann Christian Rosenmueller, German anatomist, 1771- 1820.] Parovarium, epoophoron* [BNA]. R.'s fossa, recessus pharyngeus. R.'s gland or node, (i) lymphoglandula subinguinalis profunda; (2) glandula lacrimalis inferior, a large lymph-node at the entrance to the femoral canal. R.'s organ, R.'s body. R.'s recess', R.'s fossa. R.'s valve, plica lacrimalis. Rosenthal's canal' (ro'zen-tahl) [Isidor Rosenthal, German physiologist, "=1836.] Canalis* spiralis cochleae. Rosenthal's test (ro'zen-tahl). To determine the presence of blood in the urine; caustic potash is added to the urine and the precipitate is re- moved and dried; a bit is then put on a slide with a crystal of sodium chloride, a cover glass is applied, and under it a few drops of glacial acetic acid are caused to flow; the plate is warmed and on cooling Teichmann's crystals of hemiu will appear if blood is present. Rosenthal's vein (ro'zen-tahl) [Friedrich Christian Rosenthal, Gerraaxi axiSLtoraist, 1780-1829.] Vena basalis. roseola (ro-ze'o-lah) [L. dim. of roseus, rosy.] Rose- rash, scarlet-rash macular erythema; a sym- metrical eruption of small closely aggregated patches of reddish color, epidem'ic c, rubella. idiopath'ic r., r. not occurring as a symptom of a recognized general disease, symptomat'ic i., a rash symptomatic of typhoid fever, measles, or other eruptive fever, syphilit'ic r., macular syphilide; usually the first eruption of syphilis, occurring in from 6 to 12 weeks after the initial lesion. roseolous (ro-ze'o-Ius). Relating to or resembling roseola. Ro'ser's sign [Wilhelm Roser, German surgeon, 1817-1888.] Absence of pulsation of the dura mater exposed after trephining, indicating a subjacent lesion; called also Roser-Braun sign. Roser-Kaaton line (ro'zer-na-lS-toh'). N^aton's* line. rose-rash. Roseola. rosette' [Fr. a little rose.] The tertian malarial parasite in its segmented or mature phase. rosin (roz'in). Turpentine resin, resina.* r. oil, ret'nol. ros'inol. Retinol. rosmari'nus [L. sea-dew.] Rosemary, anthos, the dried leaves and flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis, an evergreen shrub of the Mediter- ranean region, from which is obtained a frag- rant oil, oleum* rosmarini. rosolic acid (ro-zol'ik as'id). Corallin, a substance occurring in amorphous reddish brown masses; employed as a test for alkalies and acids, the former turning its solution a violet red, the latter yellow, r.-a, paper, filter paper dipped in rosolic acid solution and dried, used to test the reaction of a fluid. Ross's bod'ies [Edward Halford Ross, English pathologist, contemporary.] A round copper- colored body containing dark granules, sometimes having ameboid movements, found in the blood and tissue fluids in syphilis ; called also Lymphocyto- zoon pallidum. Ross's test [Hugh Campbell Ross, English path- ologist, contemporary.] Film test for syphilis: to 5 c.c. of a 2 per cent agar solution add 0.4 c.c. Unna's polychrome blue, 0.4 c.c. of a 5' per cent, aqueous solution of sodium, bicarbonate, and 4 . 2 c.c. of sterile water ; pour a thin film of this on a clean slide and when it is solid place the material to be examined on a clean cover glass and drop gently on the jelly; this stains the spirochetes. Rossbach's disease' (raws'bahkh) [Michael Joseph Rossbach, German physician, 1842-1894.] Gas- troxynsis. Rosscomm'on Springs, Pennsylvania. Neutral, lightly carbonated waters. Employed as a table water. ^ Rossel's' test [Otto Rossel, Swiss physician, con- temporary.] For occult blood in the stools: an ethereal extract of feces is treated , with aloin and oil of turpentine, the presence of blood being indicated by p bright red color, Ross-Jones test. A test for an excess of globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid: i c.c. of cerebrospinal fluid is carefully floated over 2 c.c. of a concen- trated ammonium sulphate solution and • if globulin is present in excess a fine white ring appears at the line of junction in about three minutes. Ros'so reac'tion. Russo's* test. rostell'um [L. dim. of rostrum, a beak.] The anterior portion of the , head of a tapeworm, provided with a row of hooks. ros'tral [L. rostralis.} Relating to any rostrum or anatomical structure resembling a beak. ros'trate [L. rostratus.^ Having a beak or hook. ros'triform [L. rostrum, beak, + forma, form.] Beak-shaped. ros'trum [L. a beak.] Any beak-shaped structure. r. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], beak of the corpus callosum, the recurved portion of the corpus callosum passing backward from the genu to the anterior commissure, r. sphenoida'le [BNA], the anterior projecting part of the body of the sphenoid bone which articulates with the vomer. rot [A.S. rotian.] i. To decay. 2. Decay, a proc- ess of decomposition. 3. A disease of [sheep caused by the liver fluke, Distoma hepaticum. ro'tary. Relating to or marked by rotation. 1. conver'ter, a. device for changing a direct to an alternating electric current.' r. joint, a pivot- joint or trochoid. ROTATE 878 RUBIDIUM rotate (ro'tat) [L. rotare, to turn or swing around.] 1. To revolve. 2. To turn or twist. rota'tion [L. rota, a wheel.] i. Turning or move- ment of a body round its axis. 2. A recurrence in regular order of certain events, such as the symptoms of a periodical disease. rota'tor, pi. rotato'res. A muscle which causes a part to revolve on its axis. ro'tatory. Rotary, causing, caused by, or char- acterized by rotation. Rotch's sign [Thomas Morgan jRo^cft, Boston physi- cian, *i848.] Percussion dulness in the fifth intercostal space on the right, in cases of peri- cardial effusion. Roth's disease' (rot). Roth- Bernhardt disease. Roth's vas aber'rans (rot) [Moritz Roth, Swiss physician, 1839-1914.] An inconstant aberrant vessel or divertictilum of the rete testis. Roth-Bem'hardt disease' (rot) [Vladimir Karlovich Roth, Russian neurologist, *i848; Martin Bern- hardt, Berlin neurologist, *i844.] Meralgia paraesthetica. Rothberger's neu'tral red a'gar (rot'ber-gur). See under agar. rott'lera. Kamala. rot'ula [L. dim. of rota, a wheel.] i. The patella. 2. A troche or lozenge. rot'ulad [L. rotula, patella, -I- ad, to.] In a direction toward the patella. rot'ular. Patellar. Rouge's opera' tion (roozh). To obtain access to the nasal cavities, avoiding a subsequent scar; the upper lip is freed from the maxilla, the alar cartilages are separated from the maxilla and the cartilaginous septum is detached from the nasal spine; after the operation the flap is replaced and held in position by compresses without suture. rouget (roo-zha') [Fr. rouge, red.] Leptus autum- nalis. r. des pores [Fr. pore, swine], swine ery- sipelas. Rouget's bulb (roo-zha') [Antoine D. Rouget, French physiologist, 19th century.] A venous plexus on the surface of the ovary. R.'s muscle, Mueller's fibers (i). Rougnon-Heb'erden disease' (roo-nyon') [Nicolas Franfois Rougnon, French physician, 1727— 1799; William Heberden.'] Angina pectoris. rouleauz-forma'tion (roo-lo') [Fr. pi. of rouleau, a roll.] The arrangement of red blood-corpuscles in shed blood with their flat surfaces in ap- position, forming figures resembling stacks of coins. round (rownd) [L. rotundus.'] Circular, i'. lig'a- ment, (i) ligamentum teres; (2) chorda obliqua r. worm, ascaris. roup. An infectious respiratory catarrh in poultry. Rouaselot's caus'tic (roos-lo'). Frfere Gome's caustic, compound of arsenic trioxide i, mercuric sul- phide (red sulphuret) 5, burnt sponge 2. Roux's exper'iment (roo). Destruction of a blasto- mere in the developing egg of a frog, followed by absence of a certain part in the embryo. Roux's meth'od (roo) [Philibert Joseph Roux, Parisian surgeon, 1780—1854.] Division of the inferior maxilla in the median line, to facilitate the operation of ablation of the tongue. Roux spat'ula (roo) [Pierre Paul Emil Roux, Paris bacteriologist, 1=1853.] A very small nickeled steel spatula used to transfer bits of infected material, such as diphtheritic membrane, to culture tubes. R. serum, Behring serum, diph- theria antitoxin. R.'s stain, a double stain for diphtheria bacilli, compound of gentian violet or dahlia 0.5, methyl green 1.5, distilled water 200. Rov'sing's sign [Thorkild Rovsing, Copenhagen surgeon, *i862.] Pain at McBumey's point induced, in cases of appendicitis, by pressure exerted over the descending colon. Rowntree and Geraghty's test (rown'tre, ger'ah-te) [Leonard George Rowntree, American physician, "'1883; John T. Gerachly, American physician, *i876.] Phenolsulphonephthalein test. Royal Gorge Hot Springs, Colorado. Alkaline- saline-carbonated waters, 102° F. Very near are the Royal Gorge Cold Soda and Iron Springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism and skin diseases. Royat les Bains, France (ro-ya"la-ban'). Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-arsenical-lithic-carbonated wa- ters, 68° F. to 96° F. Four springs. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, chlorosis lymphatic affections, rheumatism, nervous dis-- orders, dyspepsia, arthritic gout, catarrhal affec- tions, debility, skin disorders, diseases of women, diabetes, biliary and renal colic, Bright's disease, diseases of the throat and respiratory organs, the uric-acid diathesis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiac weakness. May 15 to September 30. R.S.A. Abbreviation of right sacroanterior, noting a breech presentation of the fetus with the sacrum directed toward the right acetabulum of the mother. R.S.B. Abbreviation for regimental stretcher bearer. R.S.P. Abbreviation of right sacroposterior, noting a breech presentation of the fetus with the sa- crum directed toward the right sacroiliac joint of the mother. Ru. Chemical symbol of ruthenium. rubber-dam'. A thin sheet of rubber-tissue used by dentists to keep the saliva away from the field of operation: called also coffer-dam. rubber-tis'sue. A thin sheet of caoutchouc used as a protective in surgical dressings. rube'do [L. redness.] A temporary redness or flushing of the skin, blushing. rubefacient (ru-be-fa'shent) [L. ruber, red, -|- facere, to make.] i. Causing a reddening of the skin. 2. A mild counterirritant which reddens the skin. rubefac'tion. Redness of the skin caused by a counterirritant. rubel'la [L. dim. of ruber, red.] German measles, roetheln, epidemic roseola, rubeola; an acute exanthematous disease resembling in several respects both measles and scarlet fever, having the catarrhal symptoms of the former and the angina of the latter ; the rash more nearly resem- bles that of measles than of scarlatina; the con- stitutional symptoms are usually very mild. The incubation period varies between 5 and 20 days. rubeola (ru-be'o-lah) [L. dim. of rubeus, red.] I. Measles. 2. Rubella, r. no'tha [L. nothus, spurious], rubella, r. scarlatinosa, fourth disease.* ruber (ru'bur) [L.] Red. rubescent (ru-bes'ent) [L. rubescere, to become red.] Reddening. ru'bi fruc'tus (N.F.). Blackberries, the ripe fruit of Rubus nigrobaccus or R. villostis. ru'bi idse'i fruc'tus (N.F.). Raspberries, the ripe fruit of Rubus idacus or R. strigosus. ru'bia. Madder. rubid'lum. A metallic element, symbol Rb, atomic weight 84.8; a silvery white metal, the salts of which have been used in medicine for the same purposes as the corresponding potassium or sodium salts. RUBIGINOUS 879 RUSCONI'S ANUS rubiginous (ru-bij'in-us) [L. rubigo, rust.] Rusty, of the color of iron rust. rubi'go [L.] Rust, mildew. ru'bin, ruTjine. Fuchsin. Ru'binat water. A purgative water (sulphated saline) from the Rubinat mineral springs in the Province of Lerida, Spain. Rubner's test (roob'ner) [Max Rubner, Berlin hygienist, *i854.] Acetate of lead is added to the suspected urine and the latter is filtered; now ammonia is added until a permanent precipitate is formed ; if grape sugar is present, on heating the fluid the precipitate will take on a pink to red color; if there is milk sugar the color will be yellow to browTi. ru'bor [L.] Redness ; one of the classical symptoms of inflammation.* rubrospi'nal. Relating to the red nucleus and the spinal cord. r. system, the linking of the red nu- cleus with the opposite side of the spinal cord by means of the r. tract, or Monakoff's bundle. r. tract, see under tract. ru'bus (N.F.). Blackberry, the bark of the rhi- zome of Rubus villosus, R. nigrobaccus, or R. cuneif alius, bramble; tonic and astringent, em- ployed in diarrhea in doses of gr. 20—30 (i .3—2 .0). Ru'bus [L. blackberry bush or bramble bush. ] A genus of plants of the order Rosaceas. R. cunei- fo'lius, a variety of blackberry. R. idee'us, raspberry. R. nigrobac'cus, blackberry. R. occidenta'lis, blackcap, black raspberry. R. stiigo'sus, raspberry. R. villo'sus, a variety of blackberry. See rubi fructus, rubi idati fructus, and rubus. Ruck's tuber'cuUn [Karl von Ruck, American physician bom in Germany, *i849.] See under tuberculin. ruc'tus [L.] Eructation. Rudbeck'ia [after Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish botanist, 1630—1702.] A genus of plants of the order Com- positcB, including R. hirta, yellow daisy, black- eyed Susan, and R. laciniata, cone-flower; has been employed in domestic medicine as a diuretic. ru'diment [L. rudimentum, a beginning.] i An organ or other structure in an early stage of its development. >=. Any part the development of which has been arrested. mdimen'taiy. Relating to a rudiment, imperfectly developed, vestigial. Tudimen'tuia, pi. rudimen'ia [L.] A rudiment. rue. Ruta. Ruffini's nerve'-endings (roof-fe'ne) [Angelo Rufjini, Italian anatomist, contemporary.] Sensory nerve endings in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the finger; each consists of an oval con- nective-tissue capsule within which the axones begin as numerous knobs from which extend the primitive fibrils. Ru'fus's pills. Pilulas aloes et myrrhse. ru'ga, pi. ru'gce [L. a wrinkle.] A fold, ridge, or crease; a wrinkle, r. gas'trica, one of the folds of the mucous membrane of the stomach when the organ is contracted, r. palati'na, one of five or six transverse ridges running outward on either side of the anterior portion of the raphe of the palate. ru'gSB vagina'les [BNA], a number of transverse ridges in the mucous membrane of the vagina. Rug'by knee [Rugby, a public school in England.] Schlatter's disease, a painful enlargement of the tubercle of the tibia, occurring in boys and young men, given to athletics; a mild periostitis due to strain rugine (ru-zhen') [Fr.] Periosteum elevator, raspa- tory. ru'gitus [L. roaring.] Borborygmus, intestinal rumbling. Tu'gose. Marked by rugae, wrinkled. rugos'ity. i. The state of being thrown into folds or wrinkles. 2. A ruga. ru'gous. Rugose. Ruhm'korfF coil [Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff, German electrician, 1823-1887.] An induction- coil in which the secondary coil is not movable, as in the DuBois Reymond coil, but is fixed at the point of maximum intensity. rum. A spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the sugar cane, bay r., spiritus* myrcise. ru'men [L. throat.] The first stomach, or paunch of a ruminant. fumenot'omy [L. rumen ■{■ G. tome, incision.] Inci- sion into the first stomach of a ruminant. ru'mex (N.F.). Dock, the root of Rumex crispus or R. obtusif alius, curly or yellow dock; astrin- gent and tonic, and has been employed in indi- gestion and in the treatment of various chronic skin diseases in doses of 51-2 (4 ■ o~8 . 0) , or of 5 1 (4.0) of the N.P. fluidextract. ru'minant. An animal that chews the cud, such as thfe sheep and the cow. rumina'tion [L. ruminare, to chew the cud.] Mery- cism. Rummo's disease' (room'mo) [Gaetano Rummo, Italian physician, ti9i7.] Cardioptosia. rump. The buttocks or gluteal region. Rumpel-Leede sign (room'pel-la'deh) [Theodor Rumpel, *i862; C. Leede, *i882; German physicians.] If a venous stasis is produced in the arm of a scarlet fever patient, the arteries being left alone, hemorrhages appear at the elbow in from five to twenty minutes — punctate or larger, in some cases becoming confluent. The phenomenon has been observed also in other exanthemata. Rumpf's symp'tom [Theodor Rumpf, German physician, *i8si.] I. Pres.sure over a painful point, in cases of neurasthenia, will accelerate the pulse from ten to twenty beats in the minute. 2. Fibrillary twitching in traumatic neuroses. run'aTound. A superficial paronychia. Ruaeberg's for'mula (roo'na-berg) [Johan Wilhelm Runeberg, Finnish physician, 1843— 1918.] A formula for estimating the amount of albumin in a serous fluid, similar to Reuss'* formula except that, instead of 2.8, 2.73 is subtracted in the case of a transudation, and 2.88 in case of an inflammatory exudate. R.'s type, a clinical type of progressive pernicious anemia in which brief periods of apparent improvement occur from time to time. Ruotte's opera'tion (ru-ot'). Veno-peritoneos- tomy. ru'pia [G. rhypos, filth.] The formation of thick crusts over ulcers following a pustular or tuber- cular syphilide. r. escharofica, dermatitis gan- grenosa infantum. ru'pial. Relating to rupia. rupopho'bia. Rhypophobia. Ruppell's se'rum (roop'el). A bacteriolytic serum prepared from several strains of the meningo- coccus, employed in cerebrospinal meningitis. rup'ture [L. ruptura; rumpere, to break.] i. Her- nia. 2. A tear or solution of continuity; a break of any organ or other of the soft parts. Rusco'ni's a'nus [Mauro Ruscani, Italian biologist, 1776-1849.] Blastopore. R.'s nu'tritive cav'- ity, ccelenteron. RUSSELL'S BODIES 880 RYE-SMUT Russ'ell's bodies [William Russell, Edinburgh physician, contemporary.] Small hyaline spher- ical bodies, staining deeply with fuchsin, found in cancerous and simple inflammatory growths; regarded by some as blastomycetes and of etio- logical significance, by others as hyaline degen- erated cells; called also fuchsin bodies. Russo's reac'tion (roos'so) [Mario Russo, Italian physician in Catania, contemporary.] To 4 or S c.c. of the patient's urine add 4 drops of a o.i per cent, aqueous solution of methylene blue, and examine against the light; an emerald-green coloration is positive but a bluish tinge is a negative indication. The reaction is said to be positive in typhoid fever, measles, smallpox, and advanced tuberculosis. rust [A.S.] The reddish coating forming on iron or steel exposed to moist air, composed of ferric oxide with some ferric hydrate. Rust's disease' or e'vil [Johann Nepomuk Rust, Berlin surgeon, 1775-1840.] Tuberculosis of the two upper cervical vertebrae and their articu- lations. R.'s phenom'enon, in cancer or caries of the upper cervical vertebrae the patient will always support the head by the hands when changing from the recumbent to the sitting posture or the reverse. rust'y. Reddish, iron-rust color, rubiginous, r. spu'tum, a tenacious reddish matter expector- ated in pneumonia. ru'ta. Rue, the leaves of Rata graveolens or gar- den rue; carminative and emmenagogue in doses of gr. 15—30 (1.0—2.0), and applied externally as a rubefacient. ruthe'nium. A metallic element, symbol Ru, atomic weight 101.7; a hard brittle metal of the platinum group. rutido'sis. Rhytidosis. ru'tin. A glucoside from rata, CiaHtoOzs; rutic acid, rutinic acid. Ruysch's mem'brane (rish) [Friedrich Ruysch, Dutch anatomist, 1638-1731.] Lamina chorio- capillaris. R.'s muscle, the muscular tis- sue of the fundus uteri. R.'s tubs, a minute tubular cavity, best seen in the fetus, opening in the lower and anterior portion of each surface of the nasal septum. R.'s veins, Retzius'* veins. rye. Secale cereale, a cereal plant, spurred r., ergot. rye-smut. Ergot. 88i SACCHAROMYCES Abbreviation of L. signa, remark, the usual introduction of the signature in a prescription.* Abbreviation of spherical or spherical lens. Chemical symbol of sulphur. Abbreviation of L. sinister, left; and of L. semis, half, in this case usually 55. a. Chemical symbol of samarium. tbadil'la. Cevadilla, the seed of Asagrcea officina- lis, a plant of the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; -it yields vera trine; employed externally in ointment as a parasiticide. I'bal (U.S.). Saw palmetto, the fruit of Serenoa serrulata, a small evergreen of the coast of the southern United States; tonic, diuretic, and expectorant, employed in the treatment of chronic inflammations of the respiratory and genitourinary tracts in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6- i.o). ibba'tia [after Liberato Sabbati, Italian botanist, 18th century.] A genus of plants of the order GentianeiB, native of the United States, American centaury ; a number of the plants have tonic and antiperiodic properties, being employed as a substitute for quinine. iber-legged (sa'ber-legd). Noting a horse in which the angle of the hock is very acute, the feet extending forward under the body. I'ber-shin. The sharp-edged anteriorly convex tibia in hereditary syphilis. ibi'na. Savin, the tops of Juniperus sabina, a shrubby species of cedar of the north temperate zone in Europe and America; employed exter- nally and internally in rheumatism and gout and in amenorrhea, in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6), and locally for the removal of venereal warts and as a stimulant to sluggish ulcers. ibouraud's pastilles (s3,-boo-roz' pas-tSlz). Discs of barium platinocyanide in a mixture of acetate of starch and collodion, which undergo a color change when exposed to the a;-rays, the degree of change indicating, like Holzknecht's chromo- radiometer,* the strength of the rays. ibouraud-Noire in'strument (sS-boo-ro' nwS.-ra')- A device for measuring the quantity of «-rays by means of the change in color of a disc of barium platinocyanide which exposure to them produces; the unit usually employed in this method is called teinte B, or tint* B. bro'mine. Trade name of a calcium salt of dibrombehenic acid, CaiC^iHtiO^BT)^, used to meet the indications of the ordinary bromides in doses of gr. 7i (0.5). ib'ulous [L. sabulum, sand.] Sandy, gritty. ibulum (sab'u-lum) [L. fine sand.] Brain-sand, acervulus [BNA]. ibur'ra [L. sand.] i. Decomposition of the food in the stomach. 2. Sordes. ibur'ral. Relating to saburra. ic [L. saccus, a bag.] i. A pouch, a bursa; the capsule of a tumor, or envelope of a cyst. 2. An encysted abscess at the root of a tooth, ab- dom'inal s., the one of the four serous sacs in the embryo which forms the abdominal cavity. air s., a pulmonary alveolus, conjunc'tival s., the space between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, dental s., the envelope of a den- S6 tal follicle which encloses the embryonic tooth. embryon'ic s., blastodermic vesicle, her'nial B., the peritoneal envelope of a hernia, lac'rymal s., saccus lacrimalis. oment'al s., the space between the folds of the great omentum, pu- den'dal s., Broca's pouch, a pear-shaped encap- sulated collection of connective tissue and fat in each labium majus. tear s., saccus lacrimalis. yolk s., umbilical vesical. sac'cate [L. saccus, a money-bag.] i. Relating to, formed by, or forming a sac; pbuched. 2. In bacteriology, of an elongated bag shape, noting the form of liquefaction in a gelatin stab culture; see cut under culture, C, 3. saccharate (sak'S-rat). A salt of saccharic acid. saccharated (sak'S-ra-ted) [G. sakcharon, sugar.] Sweetened, mixed with sugar. saccharephidrosis (sak-ar-ef-i-dro'sis) [G. sakcha- ron, sugar, -I- ephidrosis, a slight perspiration.] The presence of some form of sugar in the sweat. saccharic (sak-ar'ik). Relating to sugar, s. acid, I. An amorphous deliquescent acid, HjCjHjO,, obtained by- the action of nitric acid on sugar, forming salts, some crystallizable, some not crystallizable, with bases. 2. An acid, H,CjH,0„ not found in the free state, forming crystallizable salts with bases. saccharide (sak'ar-Id). A sucrate, or conlipound of a sugar with a base. s. group, an atomic group (C^HijOj) supposed to occur in most of the carbohydrates, except the pentoses. sacchariferous (sak-ar-if'er-us) [G saccharum, sugar, + ferre, to bear.] Producing sugar. sacchJarification (sak-S-rl-fi-ka'shon). The process of saccharifying. saccharify (sak'S-ri-fi) [L. saccharum, sugar, -I- facere, to make.] To convert starch into sugar. saccharimeter (sak-S-rim'e-ter) [G. sakcharon, sugar, -1- meiron, measure.] An instrument for deter- mining the amount of sugar in a solution ; it may be a polarimeter, an hygrometer, or a retort-like device in which the solution is fermented and the amount estimated by the volume of carbonic acid produced. See cut under Einhom. saccbarin (sak'ar-in). Benzosulphinidum (U.S.), glusinum (Br.), sol'uble s., sodii benzosulphi- ■ nidum (U.S.), sodium-saccharin, the sodium salt of benzosulphinide. saccharine (sak'ar-in). Relating to sugar, sweet. saccharobacillus (sak"ar-o-b3.-sil'us). Bacillus pasteurianus, a bacillus causing acetic fermenta- tion of sugar. m saccharogalactorrhea, saccharogalactoilboea (sak"- ar-o-gal-ak-to-re'ah) [G. sakcharon, sugar, -I- gala^galak-), mUk, -I- rhoia, a flow.] An excess- ive secretion of lactose in the milk. saccharometer (sak-S-rom'e-ter). Saccharimeter. Saccharomyces (sak-S-ro-mi'sez) [G. sakcharon, sugar, + mykes, fungus.] A genus of budding fungi, or blastomycetes, the yeast fungi. S. al'bicans, Oidium albicans. S. busse, a species isolated by 0. Busse in a case marked by broken- down nodules in the internal organs and on the bones. S. capillit'ii, a form found on the scalp in certain cases of alopecia. S. cerivi'sise, beer- SACCHAROMYCES 882 SADDLE-JOINT yeast, ordinary yeast. S. hom'inis, a species iso- lated in a case of pyemia and found to be path- ogenic for certain animals. S. neofor'mans, a blastomycete regarded by Sanfelice as patho- genic of cancer. S. subcuta'neus tumefa^ciens, a species isolated in a case of multiple tumors on the neck and hips which resembled myosar- comata, pathogenic for certain animals, but not for guinea-pigs. S. tumefa'ciens albus, a form isolated in a few cases ofj pharyngitis; patho- genic for guinea-pigs. Eaccharomyce'tic. Relating to or caused by the yeast fungus. saccharomycosis (sak-ar-o-mi-ko'sis) [G. sakcharon, sugar, + mykes fungus.] Blastomycosis. saccharorrhea, saccharorrhoea (sak-ar-or-re'ah) [G. sakcharon, sugar, -|- rhoia, a flow.] Glycosuria. saccharose (sak'kar-oze) [G. sakcharon, sugar.] Sucrose, cane-sugar (Ci2H220ii), a dextrorotatory disaccharid found in many plants, such as the sugar cane, sugar beet, certain maples and palms, etc. saccharosuria (sak"ar-o-su'ri-ah) [G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of cane-sugar, or saccharose, in the urine. saccharum (sak'a-rum) [G. sakcharon.] (U.S.) Saccharum purificatum (Br.), refined sugar, cane- sugar, sucrose; sugar obtained from the sugar- cane, Saccharum officinarum, from several species of Sorghum, and from the sugar beet. Beta vul- garis, CijHjzO^; employed in pharmacy in the manufacture of syrup, confections, etc. s. acer'num, maple sugar, s. canaden'se, maple sugar, s. lac'tis (U.S., Br.), sugar of milk, lactose, a sugar obtained from the whey of cows' milk, Ci2H220ii-l-H20, occurring as a gritty powder of moderately sweetish taste ; diuretic in daily doses of 5 1-6 (30.0-180.0), but employed chiefly in pharmacy in the making of triturations and other preparations. sacciform (sak'sl-form) [L. saccus, sac, -f forma, form.] Pouched, sac-shaped, saccular. sacc'ular. Sacciform, sac-shaped. sacc'ulated. Saccular. saccula'tion. i. A structure formed by a group of sacs. 2. The formation of a sac or pouch. sacc'ule. Sacculus, a small sac. sacculocochlear (sak"u-lo-kok'Ie-ar). Relating to the saccidus (2) and the membranous cochlea. sac'culus [L. dim. of saccus, sac] Saccule, i. A small sac or pouch. 2. The smaller of the two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the labyrinth, lying in the spherical recess ; it is connected with the cochlear duct by a very short tube, ductus reuniens, and with the utriculus by the begiftning of the ductus endolymphaiicus and the ductus ulriculosaccularis which joins it. s. alveola'ris, infundibulum, air-cell. s. commu'nis, utriculus of the labyrinth, s. endolymphat'icus, saccus endolymphaticus. s. lacrima'lis, saccus lacrima- lis. s. laryn'gis, appendix ventriculi laryngis. s. pro'prius, sacculus (2). a. vestib'uli, sacculus (2). Bac'cus, pi. sac'ci [L. ] A sac. s. endolymphat'- icus [BNA], endolymphatic sac, the dilated blind extremity of the ductus endolymphaticus. s. lacrima lis [BNA], lacrymal sac. the upper por- tion of the nasolacrymal duct into which empty the two lacrymal ducts, s. reu'niens, sinus venosus. Sachsse's solution (zahkh'seh) [Georg Robert Sachsse, German agricultural chemist, 1840-1895.] A solution of red iodide of mercury 18, iodide of potassium 25, and caustic potash 80, in water 1000; employed as a test for glycosuria, sugar if present causing a reduction of the solution. sa'cra. Arteria sacra. sacrad [L. sacrum + ad, to.] In the direction of the sacrum. sa'cral. Relating to or in the neighborhood of the sacrum. sacral'gia [L. sacrum + G. algos, pain.] Pain in the sacral region. sacrec'tomy [L. sacrum + G. ektome, excision.] Resection of a portion of the sacrum to facilitate excision of the rectxim. sa'criplex. The sacral plexus. sa"croante'rior. With the sacrum directed forward, noting a breech presentation of the fetus with the sacrum directed to one or the other acetabulum of the mother. sacrococcygeal (sa-kro-kok-sij'e-al). Relating to both sacrum and coccyx. sa"crococcyge'us. See under musculus. sacrocoxalgia [L. sacrum -t- coxa, hip, + G. algos, pain.] Pain in the sacroiliac joint; sacrocoxitis. sacrocoxitis (sa-kro-kok-si'(se')tus) [L. sacrum + coxa, hip, -t- G. -itis.} Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. sacroiliac (sa-kro-il't-ak). Relating to the sacrum and the ilium, noting the articulation between the two bones', and the associated ligaments. sacrolumba'lls. Sacrolumbal;, noting a muscle, the musculus* iliocostalis lumborum. sacroposte'rior. With the sacrum directed back- ward, noting a breech presentation of the fetus with the sacrum pointing to one or the other sacroiliac articulation of the mother. sacroprom'ontoiy. The promontory of the sacrum.* sacrosciat'ic. Relating to both sacrum and ischium, s. lig'aments, ligamentum sacrotuber- osum [BNA] (great or posterior) and ligamentum sacrospinosum [BNA] (small or anterior). sacTOspi'nal. Relating to the sacrum and the spinal column above, sacrovertebral, sacrospina'lis. See tmder musculus. sacrofomy. Sacrectomy. sacrovertebral (sa-kro-vur'te-bral)-. Relating to the sacrum and the vertebrae above, s. angle, promontory of the sacrum.* sa'cnim [L. neuter of sacer, sacred.] Os sacrum, sacred bone, so called because it was believed to escape disintegration and to serve as the basis for the resurrected body; a broad, slightly curved, spade-shaped bone, thick above, thinner below, closing in the pelvic girdle posteriorly; it is formed by the welding together of five originally separate sacral vertebrae, assimila'tion s., one which is composed of six segments, the last lumbar vertebra assuming the appearance of a sacral segment ; or one which is composed of but four seg- ments, the first sacral being free and having the characteristics of a lumbar vertebra. lat'eral masses of the s., bars formed by the fused costal elements at the sides of the coalesced sacral ver- tebr£E. prom'ontory of the s., the salient angle formed at the junction of the last lumbar vertebra with the sacrum. sactosal'pinx [G. saktos, stuffed, + salpinx, tube.] Hydrosalpinx or pyosalpinx. saddle-back (sad'1-bak). Lordosis. saddle-joint (sad'l-joynt). A joint in which the extremities of the two bones are inversely convex in one direction and concave in the other, allowing of anteroposterior and lateral motion with circumduction, but without rotation; the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the most perfect example of such a joint. SADDLE-NOSE 883 SAINT-HONORE-LES-BAINS saddle-nose (sad'1-noz). A sinking in of the bridge of the nose &ue to necrosis of the vomer. sa'dism [after the Marquis de Sade, 1740-18 14, who was confessedly addicted to the practice.] A form of sexual perversion in which the subject finds pleasure in inflicting severe pain upon his victim; the opposite of masochism.* sa'dist. One who practises sadism. sadis'tic. Marked by sadism. Sae'gerstown Mineral Springs, Pennsylvania. Saline- calcic waters. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing, in various disorders. The entire year. The Carpometacarpal Joint op the Thumb. An example of the articulatio sellans, or saddle- joint; the lines indicate the axes of motion when the surfaces are in apposition. Saemisch's ul'cer (za'mish) [Edwin Theodor Sae- ntisch, German ophthalmologist, 1833—1909.] A serpiginous ulcer of the cornea, frequently accompanied by hypopyon. Saenger's mac'ula (seng'er) [M. Saenger, Prague obstetrician, 1853-1903.] Macula gonorrhoica. S.'s opera'tion, cesarean section followed by careful closure of the uterine wound by three tiers of sutures. Saenger's sign (zeng'er) [Alfred Saenger, German neurologist, *i86o.] A lost light reflex of the pupil returns after a short time in the dark, noted in cerebral syphilis but absent in tabes dorsalis. saeptum [L.] Septum. saf'flower [Ar. safrd, yellow.] Carthamus. saS'ron [Ar. safrd, yellow.] Crocus. saf'ranine. A base, CjjHjoNj, obtained from aniline, aniline pink, used as a stain in histology. saf'ranophil, saf'ranophile. Staining readily with safranine, noting certain cells and tissues. saf'rol, saf'rolum. The methylene ether of allyl pyrocatechol, CioHioOz. contained in oil of sassa- fras, oil of camphor, and various other volatile oils; it is obtained chiefly from oil of camphor by fractional distillation; tonic and carminative in doses of 11JI-2 (0.06-0.13), but prolonged ad- ministration causes fatty degeneration. sagapenum (sag-ah-pe'num) [G. sagapenon.] An oleogum-resin obtained from Ferula persica, occurring in yellowish brown tears, having a bitter acid taste and a faint garlicky odor; formerly employed in hysteria. sage [L. salvia; salvus, safe.] Salvia. sagittal (saj'I-tal) [L. sagitta, an arrow.] Resem- bling an arrow ; in the line of an arrow shot from a bow, i.e. in an anteroposterior direction, s. crest, a prominent ridge along the s. suture of the skull, present in certain animals, s. groove, sulcus sagittalis, the groove on the internal surface of the skull lodging the superior longitu- dinal sinus, s. line, any anteroposterior line, s. plane, an anterioposterior plane, either that of the s. suture or one parallel to it. s. sinus, the superior longitudinal sinus, s. sulcus, s. groove. s. suture, the interparietal suture. Sagnac rays (san-yak'). Secondary rays produced when «-rays or gamma rays impinge upon the surface of any body; they resemble or are identical with the beta rays. sa'go. A pearly starch made from the pith of several species of palms, the sago-palms, Meirox- ylon IcBvis, M. rumphii, or Arenga saccharifera; the sago of commerce is often tapioca. sagra'din. Trade name of a laxative preparation from cascara sagrada. Sah'li'stest [Hermann ^a/jZi, Swiss physician, *iS56.] I. The salol test of pancreatic efficiency; salol is decomposed into phenol and salicylic acid by the action of the pancreatic juice, therefore if these substances cannot be found in the urine two hours after the administration of 30 grains of salol, the pancreatic function is presumably in abeyance. 2. Desmoid* reaction, iodoform be- ing used instead of methylene blue, and the time when iodine appears in the urine is noted. S.s' whistle, a whistling sound heard on auscultation of the abdomen, due to flatus passing through a stenosed portion of intestine. Saigon' cin'nanion'[5oigoM, the capital of French Cochin China.] Cinnamomum saigonicum. Saint-Amand, Prance (saii-ta-mahh'). Feebly mineralized thermal waters with a slight sulphur- ous smell, about 79° F. Five springs. Used by drinking and bathing in the uric acid diathesis, in gouty and acid dyspepsia. The mud baths are much used. The vegeto-mineral ferruginous mud, saturated with sulphur water is prepared for the baths with the thermal water. These baths are used in chronic rheumatism, atonic gout, rheumatoid arthritis, neuralgias, sciatica, paralysis, sprains, stiff joints following injury, chronic diseases of the bones and joints, chronic skin diseases, trophic disturbances due to varicose veins, certain nervous affections, gunshot wounds, diseases of women, and tabes dorsalis. May 15 to September 30. Saint An'thony's fire. Erysipelas. Saint-Christare, France (sah-kre-star'). Weakly mineralized cold waters containing a little sul- phate of copper, carbonate of iron, and manga- nese. Five cold springs. One tepid spring, about 75° F., with a slight sulphurous smell. The Source du P&heur is a cold sulphurous spring. Used by drinking, bathing, pulveriza- tions, and douches in gout, affections of the mouth and tongue including chronic glossitis of smokers, diseases of women, eye affections, skin diseases, and neurasthenia. The entire year. Saint Clair Springs, Michigan. Muriated-saline- calcio and alkaline-saline-carbonated waters. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in the strumous diathesis, digestive disorders, and Bright*s disease. The entire year. St. Germain' tea. Species laxantes. Saint-Genrais, France (san-zher-veh'). Muriated- sulphated-sulphurous waters containing lithium. 102° F. and 108° F. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing in nervous disorders, skin diseases, dyspepsia, constipation, gastrohepatic affections, mucomembranous enterocolitis, phlebitis, hemorrhoids, uterine congestions, and catarrh of the respiratory organs. May 15 to October 1. Saint-Hel'ena White Sulphur Springs, California. Saline-chalybeate-sulphureted waters, 64.4° F. to 97.25° F. Seven springs. Used by drinking in rheumatism and disorders of the kidneys. The summer months. Saint-Honor£-les-Bains, France (san-t6-n8-Ta"la- bah'). Sulphurous-arsenical-carbonated waters, 8o°F.to88"'F. Pour springs. Used by drinking SAINT-HONORfi-LES-BAINS 884 SALICIN and bathing in diseases of the respiratory organs, chronic skin diseases, scrofula, rheumatism, early pulmonary tuberculosis, uterine catarrh, and diseases of children. May 15 to September 30. St. John Long's lin'iment [John St. John Long, Lon- don portrait painter and empiric, bom in Ireland, 1 800-1 83 7.] A liniment composed of oil of tur- pentine 1^ oz., strong acetic acid i oz., distilled water 3 oz., and the yolk of one egg. Saint-L4ger, France (sah-la-zha'). See Pougues les Eaux. Saint Louis Springs, Michigan. Alkaline-calcic- chalybeate waters, containing carbonic acid gas. Used by drinking in chronic rheumatism, neural- gia, and dyspepsia. Saint-Maurice (san-mo-res'). See Sankt Moritz. Saint-Hectaire, France (san-nek-ter'). Alkaline- saline waters, cold and hot, 103° F. to 120° F. Numerous springs. Used by drinking and bath- ing in rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, dyspepsia, diseases of women, anemia, scrofula, albuminuria, and chronic gastric catarrh. June i to October i . Saint Regis Springs, New York. See Massena Springs. Saint-Sauveur, France (san-so-ver'). The waters are comparatively feebly mineralized, containing sulphide of sodium and baregin. Cold and hot (95° F.). Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of women, muscular rheuma- tism, dyspepsia, gastralgia, cystitis, and nervous irritability. June i to September 30. Saint Vi'tus's dance [St. Vitus, a martyr under Diocletian ; at one time the superstition prevailed that dancing before his image would ensure good health for the following year.] Sydenham's chorea. saiodine (sa-i'o-din). Trade name of a calcium salt of iodobehenic acid, Ca(C22H,202l)2, a color- less, inodorous, tasteless powder, used to meet the indications for the ordinary iodides in doses of gr. 15-45 (1.0-3.0) sajodin (sah-yod'in). Saiodine. sal [L. salt.] Salt. s. acetosel'la, s. limonis. s. aera'tus, saleratus, potassium bicarbonate, s. alem'broth, the double chloride of mercury and ammonium, s. ammo'niac, ammonium chloride, s. caroli'num facti'tium (N.F.), artificial Carlsbad salt; potassium sulphate 2, sodium chloride 18, sodium bicarbonate 36, dried sodium sulphate 44; laxative in dose of gr. 15 (i . o) in a glass of water ; it occurs as an amorphous powder and in crystal- line form. s. caroli'num facti'tium efferves'- cens (N.P.), effervescent artificial Carlsbad salt, made by the addition to the artificial Carlsbad salt 250, of sodium bicarbonate 400, tartaric acid 157, and citric acid 250; dose gr. 90 (6.0) dis- solved in a glass of water, s. de duo'bus, potas- sium tartrate. G. diuret'icum, potassium ace- tate. B. eniz'um, potassium bisulphate. s. kissingen'se facti'tium (N.F.), artificial Kissin- gen salt; potassium chloride 17, sodium chloride 357, anhydrous magnesium sulphate 59, sodium bicarbonate 107; antacid and laxative in dose of gr. 24 (i .5) in a glass of water. B. kissingen'se facti'tium efferves'cens (N.F.), effervescent arti- ficial Kissingen salt, made by the addition to the artificial Kissingen salt 400, sodium bicarbonate 406, tartaric acid 94, citric acid 250; dose gr. 80 (5.5) in a glass of water, s. limo'n's, essential salt of lemon, salt of sorrel, salacetos, a poison- ous mixture of potassium binoxalate and potas- sium tetroxalate; used for removing ink and other stains. 8. lith'ii citra'tis effecves'cens (N.F.), effervescent salt of lithium citrate; lith- ium citrate 50, sodium bicarbonate 570, tartaric acid 300, citric acid 195 ; dose, gr.*i20 (8 . o) in a glass of water, s. mirab'ile, sodium sulphate. s. perla'tum, sodium phosphate, s. potas'sii bro'midi efferves'cens (N.F.), effervescent salt of potassium bromide; potassium bromide 166, sodium bicarbonate 530, tartaric acid 204, citric acid 250; dose, gr. 90 (6 . 0) in a glass of water. s. potas'sii bro'midi efferves'cens compos'itus (N.F.), compound effervescent salt of potassium bromide; caffeine 8, potassium bromide 83, lith- ium carbonate 42, sodium bicarbonate 587, tar- taric acid 180, citric acid 250; dose, gr. 90 (6.0) in a glass of water, s. prunelle', fused potassium nitrate, s. vichya'num facti'tium (N.F.), arti- ficial Vichy salt; sodium bicarbonate 846, anhy- drous magnesium sulphate 38.5, potassium car- bonate 38 . 5, sodium chloride 77; antacid in dose of gr. IS (i . o) in a glass of water, s. vichya'num facti'tium efferves'cens (N.F.), effervescent arti- ficial Vichy salt; artificial Vichy salt 250, sodium bicarbonate 485 . St tartaric acid 164 . 5, citric acid 250; dose, gr. 60 (4.0) in a glass of water, s. vichya'num facti'tium efferves'cens cum lith'io (N.F.), effervescent artificial Vichy salt with lith- ium; artificial Vichy salt 250, lithium citrate .83.3, sodium bicarbonate 441.4, tartaric acid 125.4, citric acid 250; dose, gr. 90 (6.0) in a glass of water, s. volat'ile, ammonium carbonate. salacetin (sal-as'e-tin). Trade name of phenyl- amine acetosalicylate, an antiseptic and analgesic. salacetol . (sal-as'e-tol). Salicylacetol, salantol, acetyl-salicylic-ester; occurs in colorless scales or needles having a slightly bitter taste; employed as a substitute for salol in summer diarrhea and dysentery in doses of gr. 20—40 (i . 3—2 . 6). salacetos (sal-as'e-tos). Sal limonis. salac'tol. A mixture of sodium salicylate and sodium lactate which is used as a solvent of diphtheritic membranes in a i per cent, spray. sal'amide. A derivative of salicylic acid, having similar therapeutic action. salan'tol. Salacetol. salaz'olon. Sahpyrine. salbo'rol. Trade name of a compoimd of salol and boric acid; used in rheumatism. salbro'malide. Salicylbromanilide. sal'en. Trade name of a mixture of methyl and ethylglycolic esters, soluble in ether and alcohol. sal'enal. Trade name of a 33.3 per cent, ointment of salen. sal'ep, sal'op [Ar. sahleb.'] The dried tuber of several species of Orchis growing in Turkey and neighbor- ing regions ; employed as a demulcent in irritativa intestinal disorders. salera'tus [L. sal aeratus, aerated salt.] Sal aSratus was originally potassium bicarbonate, but the term saleratus is now applied to monosodic car- bonate or sodium bicarbonate, baking soda. salia effervescentia (sal'K-ah ef-er-ves-sen't!-ah) [L. incorrect pi. oi sal effervescens, effervescent salt.] (N.F.) Preparations made by adding sodium bicarbonate and tartaric and citric acids to the active salt; when thrown into water the acids break up the sodium bicarbonate, setting free the carbonic acid gas. sal'icin, salici'num [L. salix, wiUow.] (U.S., Br.) Orthohydroxybenzyl-glucoside, CijHijO,, a glu- coside obtained from the bark of several species of Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar) ; occurs as a white crystalline powder of bitter taste, soluble in 21 parts of water; employed in rheumatism, influenza, and as a bitter tonic, in doses of gr. S-30 (0.3-2.0). ben'zoyl-s., populin. bALlUYl, 88s SALIVATOK sal'icyl [L. salix, willow, + G. hyle, stuff.] The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid, CjHtOj. s. salicyl'ic ac'id, diplosal. s. treatment, treat- ment o£ rheumatism with salicin, salicylic acid, or any of its compounds or derivatives. salicylacetol (sal-i-syl-as'e-tol). Salacetol. sal'icylage. The addition of salicylic acid as a preservative. salicylamide (sal-i-sil-am'id) . Obtained by the action of ammonia gas on methyl salicylate; occurs in the form of colorless tasteless scales, soluble in 250 parts of water; antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). salicylan'ilide. A substance obtained by heating a mixture of aniline, salicylic acid, and phosphorus trichloride. sal'icylate. ±. A salt of salicylic acid. a. To salicylize. sal'icylated. Treated by the addition of salicylic acid as a preservative. salicylbroman'ilide. Antinervin, salbromalide, a. preparation said to contain acetanilide, ammo- nium bromide, and salicylic acid ; employed as an antipyretic and antineuralgio in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6). salicyl'ic [L. salix, willow, + G. hyle, stuff.] Derived from salicin; containing the radical salicyl. s. ac'id, acidum* salicylicum. sal'icylide. Salicylous acid. sal'icylism. Poisoning by salicylic acid or any of its compounds. sal'icylize. To salicylate, to treat food-stuffs with salicylic acid as a preservative. salicylous acid (sal-is'il-us as'id). Salicylic acid aldehyde, salicylide, salicylaldehyde, oxybenzal- dehyde, CjHiOH.CHO; a colorless liquid of pungent taste and pleasant odor, obtained from SpirejBa ulmaria, meadow sweet, and made s)ti- thetically; diuretic and antiseptic in doses of 1512-8 (0.13-0.S). salicylquinine (sal"i-sil-qwin-en', sal'i-sil-kwi'nin). Saloquinine. salicylu'ric acid. An acid formed in the urine after the administration of salicylic acid or its compounds. salicylysin (sal-i-sil'i-sin) . Trade name of an English make of thiosinamine salicylate, similar to fibrolysin. Salies de B£ani, France (sa-le-de-ba-am'). Saline waters containing bromides, iodides, and other constituents. Several springs. Used by bathing in diseases of women, intestinal congestions, lym- phatic affections, scoliosis, anemia, chlorosis, neu- ralgias, incontinence of urine. The entire year. salifeb'rin. Antifebrin salicylate, salicylanilide obtained by heating together salicylic acid and acetanilide; a white powder, insoluble in water, antipjrretic and analgesic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). salifiable (sal-I-fi'a-bl) [L. sal, salt, -I- /!en, to be made, + habilis, fit.] Capable of being made into salts, said of a base that combines with acids to make salts. salifor'min. Hexamethylene tetramine salicylate saligal'lol. Pyrogallol disalicylate, a resinous mass insoluble in water, employed in acetone solution in the treatment of eczema and psoriasis. saligenin (sal-ij'en-in). Salicylic alcohol, occurs in the form of small white crystals soluble in water and alcohol; has properties similar to those of salicin and the salicylates in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.18-0.6). salimen'thol. A compound of menthol with sal- icylic acid ether; a light yellow liquid recom- mended in the treatment of rheumatism in doses of gr- 3-5 (0-2-0-3)- salim'eter [L. sal, salt, + G. metron, measure.] An hydrometer used to determine the specific gravity, or the strength, of a saline solution. salinaph'thol. Naphthyl salicylate. sa'line. Relating to, of the nature of, or containing salt; salty, s. pur'gative, Epsom salt, Rochelle salt, or any salt having purgative properties; s. solu'tion, a solution of any salt; specifically liquor sodii chloridi physiologicus (U.S.), physio- logical salt solution, one containing sodium chloride in the proportion of 8 . s to 1000, approx- imately that which exists in the blood. salini'gtin. A glucoside, CisHuO,, obtained from the bark of Salix discolor; needle-shaped crystals soluble in 52 parts of water; has been used as a substitute for salicin. Salins du Jura, France (sS-lan-dii-zhu-ra.'). Saline waters. One spring in use. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of women, anemia, chlorosis, scrofulous affections, tuberculosis, rickets, infantile paralysis, convalescence, and general debility. June 20 to September 15. Salins Moutiers, France (sS-lan"moo-tI-a'). Saline- carbonated springs, 97° F. Used internally and externally in anemia, chlorosis, tuberculosis of the bones and joints, certain diseases of the eyes, ozena, rheumatism, and diseases of women. See also Brides-les-Bains. sal'iphen, Salicylphenetidin, a derivative of phene- tidin, occurring in colorless crystals insoluble in water; has antipyretic and analgesic properties. salipyrine (sal-I-pi'ren). A combination of anti- pjrrine and salicylic acid, antipyrine* salicylate. sal'it. The salicylic-acid ester of bomeol, bomyl or bomeol salicylate, an oily liquid insoluble in water; has been employed in gout and rheuma- tism, neuralgia, and other painful conditions; it is applied externally, diluted with equal parts of olive oil, by inunction in doses of 3 1-2 (4 • 0-8 .0). salitann'ol, A compound of gallic and salicylic acids ; employed as an antiseptic dusting powder. salithy'mol. Thymol salicylate. saliva (sS-li'vah) [L.] Spittle; a clear, tasteless, odorless, slightly alkaline, viscid fluid, con- sisting of the secretion from the parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary salivary glands and the mucous glands of the oral cavity; its function is to keep the mucous membrane of the mouth moist, to lubricate the food during mastication, and, in a measure, to convert starch into maltose, the latter action being effected by a diastatic enzyme, ptyalin. chorda s., the secretion of the submaxillary gland ob- tained by stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve, ganglion'ic s., submaxillary s. obtained by direct irritation of the gland, rest'ing s., the saliva found in the mouth in the intervals of food taking and mastication, s. pump, dental pump.* sympathet'ic s., submaxillary s. obtained by stimulation of the sympathetic. sarivant. i. Causing a flow of saliva. 2. An agent which increases the flow of saliva. salivary (sal'i-va-ri). Relating to saliva, s. cal'- culus, a concretion in Wharton's duct. s. gland, one of the three pairs of glands furnishing the saliva; they are the parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary; these are called the oral salivary glands in distinction to the pancreas or abdominal salivary gland. sal'ivate. To cause an excessive flow of, saliva. saliva'tion. Ptyalism. sal'ivator. Salivant (2) SALIVOLITHIASIS 886 SALSO MAGGIORE Bali"voUthi'asis. Ptyalolithiasis. sa'lix [L.] Willow, the bark of Salix alba, white willow, and other species of Salix; formerly employed as a tonic in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6- a.o). s. ni'gra, the bark of the black or pussy willow, employed for the relief of nocturnal emissions and to quiet ovarian neuralgia in doses of gr. 30—60 (2.0—4.0). Salkowsld's test (sal-kov'ske) [Ernst Leopold Salkowski, German physician, *i844.] For indol; add to the solution a little nitric acid and then drop in cl 2 per cent, solution of potassium nitrite ; a red color is produced if indol is present. sal-lamziekte (sal-lahm'zek-teh) . Lamziekte. sEtll'endeis. Sellanders. saltmine [L. salmo, salmon.] A protamine, CsjHsjNigOj, present in the sperm of the salmon. salochinin (sal-o-kin'in). Saloquinine. sal'ocoll. PhenocoU salicylate, in white silky crystals, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and anti- neuralgic, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). salocre'ol. Trade name of a compound of creosote and salicylic acid, used externally in rheuma- tism. sal'ol (Br.). Phenylis salicylas (U.S.). sal'ol-cam'phor. A yellowish oily liquid obtained by heating 3 parts of salol with 2 parts of cam- phor; local anesthetic; analgesic and antiseptic in doses of gr. 3-8 (o . 2-0 .5). Sal'omon's test [Hugo Salomon, Vienna physician' contemporary.] For cancer of the stomach; after a day of non-albuminous fluid diet the stomach is washed out; the following morning it is again washed with physiological salt solution ; in benign cases the return fluid never contains more than 16 milligrams of nitrogen in 100 c.c. and no albumin; in cancer the nitrogen ranges from 10 to 70 mg. per 100 c.c, and the albumin from I'j to J gram per liter. Salonica or Saloniki fever (sal-o-ne'kah, or ke) [Salonica, anciently Thessalonica, a city in Gre- cian Macedonia.] A type of trench fever affect- ing the allied troops in Greece during the great European war, resembling clinically, but not pathologically a combination of malaria, ty- phoid fever, and bronchopneumonia. sal'ophen. Acetpara-amidosalol, acetparamino- salol, acetamidosalol, acetylparamidosalol, ace- tylparamidophenol salicylate, CisHiaOiN; a synthetic compound proposed as a substitute for salol, occurring in fine, white, odorless, and taste- less scales, soluble in hot water; employed in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, and as an intes- tinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-15 (o . 3-1 . o) . sal'ophenin. Salophen. saloquinine (sal-o-kwin-Sn', sal-o-kwi'nin). Trade name for quinine salicylic acid ester, a tasteless substitute for quinine in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0—2.0). s. sal'icylate, rheumatin, a white powder employed in neuralgia and acute rheuma- tism, in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). salpingec'tomy [G. salpinx(salping-), tube, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of the Fallopian tube. salpingemphraxis (sal"pin-jem-fraks'is) [G. salpinx {salping-), trumpet, -t- emphraxis, a stopping.] Obstruction of the Eustachian or of the Fallopian tube. salpin'glan. Relating to the Fallopian or to the Eustachian tube. salpingit'ic. Relating to salpingitis. salpingitis (sal-pin-]i'(je')tis) [G. salpinx, trumpet, + -itis.] Inflammation of the Fallopian tube, or of the Eustachian tube. salpingocath'eterism. Catheterism of the Eusta- chian tube. salpingocele (sal'ping-go-sel) [G. salpinx{salping-) , tube, -I- kele, hernia.] Hernia of a Fallopian tube. salpingocyesis (sal"ping-go-si-e'sis) [G. salpinx{sal- ping-) tube, + kyesis, pregnancy.] Tubal pregnancy. sar'pingomall'eus [G. salpinx{salping-), tube, + malleus, hammer.] Musculus tensor tympani. salpingo-oophorectomy (sal"ping-go-o"o-for-ek'to- ml). Salpingo-oothecectomy. salpingo -oophoritis (sal"ping-go-o"o-for-i'(e')tis). Salpingo-oothecitis. salpingo-oophorocele (sal"ping-go-o-of'6-ro-sel). Salpingo-oothecocele. salpingo-oothecectomy (sal"ping-go-o"6-the-sek'to- mJ) [G. salpinx, tube, + dotheke, ovary, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of the ovary and its Fallopian tube. salpingo-oothecitis (sal"ping-go-o"6-the-si'(se')tis) [G. salpinx, tube, + dotheke, ovary, -H -itis.] Inflammation of both Fallopian tube and ovary. salpingo-oothecocele (sal"ping-go-o"6-the'ko-sel) [G. salpinx(salping-), tube, + dotheke, ovary, + kele, hernia.] Hernia of both ovary and Fallo- pian tube. salpingoovariectomy (sal"ping-go-o- va-rl-ek'to-ml) . Salpingo-oothecectomy. salpingoovariotomy (sal"ping-go-o-va-rl-ot'o-mi). Salpingo-oothecectomy. salpingoperitonitis (sal"ping-go-per"-I-to-ni'(ne')tis) [G. salpinx(salping-), tube, -f- peritonaion, peri- toneum, + -itis.] Inflammation of the perito- neum of the Fallopian tube. salpingopezy (sal'ping-go-pek-sl) [salpinx -1- G. pexis, fixation.] The operative fixation of an oviduct. salpingophaiyn'geal. Relating to the Eustachian tube and the pharynx. sal"pingopharynge'us. See under musculus. salpingorrhaphy (sal-ping;gor'a-fi) [G. salpinx, trumpet, -t- rhaphe, stitching.] Suture of the Fallopian tube. salpingosalpingostomy (sal'ping-go-sal-ping-gos'to- ml) [salpinx + salpinx + G. stoma, mouth.] The anastomosing of one oviduct with its fellow on the other side. sal"pingostaphyli'nus [G. salpinx(salping-), tube, + staphyle, uvula.] See under musculus. salpingostomat'omy [G. salpinx(salping-), tube, -f stoma, mouth, + tome, incision.] Salpingostomy. salpingos'tomy [G. salpinx (salping-), tube, -f sioma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial opening in a Fallopian tube, usually with suture to the ovary, in cases in which the fimbriated extremity has been closed by inflammation. salpingot'omy [G. salpinx{salping-), tube, -i- tome, incision.] Incision into th Fallopian tube. salpingysterocyesis (sal"ping-jis"ter-o-si-e'sis) [G. salpinx(.salping-), tube, -h hystera, uterus, -|- kySsis, pregnancy.] Ectopic pregnancy in the intramural portion, or uterine extremity, of the Fallopian tube. sal'pinx [G. a trumpet.] i. Fallopian tube, tuba* uterina. 2. Eustachian tube, tuba* auditiva. Salso Maggiore, Italy (sahl-so-mad-jo'ra). The wells at this resort contain a mixture of strong brine and petroleum. The brine contains various ingredients. A mud deposit is also used. Used externally in scrofula, rheumatism, gout, tuberculosis, syphilis, arthritic affections, sequelae of gonorrhea, chronic catarrhs of the nose, throat, and upper air passages, diseases STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY Norma Prontat-is: i. Mental protuberance; 2, maxilla; _4, infraorbital foramen; 6. zygomatic bone; 7, zygomat- icofacial (malar) foramen; 8, lacrymal tubercle; 9, lacrymal groove; 10, nasal bone; 12, glabella; 13, great wing of sphenoid; 14, temporal fossa; 22, parietal bone;_34, zygomatic arcn; 35, gonion; 36, ramus of mandible; 37, mental foramen; 38, symphysis; 40, nasal septum; 41, middle turbinated bone; 42, sphe- nomaxillary suture; 43, orbital surface of sphenoid; 44, frontonasal suture; 45, superciliary ridge; 46, frontal eminence; 47, ophryon; 48, supraorbital notch ; 49, temporal ridge ; 5 0, anteroinferior angle of parietal bone; 51, optic foramen; 52, nasal process; 53, sphenoidal fissure; 54, inferior turbinated bone; 55, intermaxillary suture; 56, body of mandible. jg IS ir 10 30 31 32 33 34 B5 36 37 Norma Lateralis: i. Mental tubercle; 2, maxilla; 3, alveolar point; 4, infraorbital foramen; 5, anterior nasal spine; 6, zygomatic bone; 7, foramen zygomat- icofaciale; 8, lacrymal tubercle; 9, lacrymal groove; ID, nasal bone; 11, nasion; 12, glabella; 13- great wing of sphenoid; 14, temporal fossa; 15, frontal bone; 16, pterion; 17, coronal suture; 18, bregma; 19, tem.- poral squama; 20, superior temporal line; 21, inferior temporal line; 22, parietal bone; 23, obelion; 24, lamb- da; 25. occipital bone; 26, lambdoid suture; 27. inion; 28, asterion; 29, supramastoid crest; 30, mastoid process ; 31, suprameatal ridge ; 3 2, auriculare ; _ 33, styloid process; 34, tuberculum articulare; 35, gonion; 36, ramus of mandible; 37, mental foramen. Norma Basilaris: i. Foramen magnum; 2, lambdoid suture; 3, superior curved line; 4, external occipital crest- 5, inion; 6, inferior curved line; 7, lambdoid suture- 8, posterior condyloid foramen; 9, occipito- mastoid suture; 10, parietomastoid suture; ir, groove ' for occipital artery; 12, digastric fossa; 13, jugular process: 14, stylomastoid foramen; iSr carotid canal; 16 foramen lacerum medium; 17, foramen spinosum; is' foramen ovale; 19, sphenosquamous suture; 20, zygoma; 21, malar; 22, superior maxilla; 23, posterior palatine canal; 24, lateral mass of ethmoid; 25, inter- maxillary suture ; 26, anterior palatine canal ; 27, posterior nasal spine; 28, pterygoid fossa; 29, vomer; 30, eminentia articularis; 31, glenoid fossa; 32, audi- tory process flooring external auditory _ canal; 33. styloid process; 34, supramastoid crest; 35. jugular fora- men- 36. mastoid process; 37. mastoid foramen; 38, condyle of occipital bone; 39, sphenomaxillary fissure. Floor of Cranial Cavity : i , Diploe ; 2, crest for attach- ment of falx; 3, foramen cecum; 4, crista galli; 5, cribriform plate of ethmoid; 6, anterior cranial fossa; 7, olivary eminence; 8, pituitary fossa; 9, foramen rotundum; 10, posterior clinoid process; 11, cavernous groove; 12, foramen lacerum medium; 13, middle cranial fossa; 14, depression for ganglion of Gasser; 15. groove for inferior petrosal sinus; 16, groove for lateral sinus; 17. foramen magnum; 18, posterior cranial fossa; 19, internal occipital crest; 20, fossa for occipital lobe of cerebrum; 21, crest for attachment of falx; 22, internal occipital protuberance; 23, groove for lateral sinus; 24, anterior condyloid foramen; 25, jugular foramen; 26, groove for lateral sinus; 27, groove for superior petrosal sinus; 28, internal auditory- canal; 29, petrosquamous suture; 30, hiatus Fallopii; 31, foramen spinosum; 33, foramen ovale; 34, dorsum sellse; ^5, anterior clinoid process; 36, lesser wing of sphenoid; 37, cavernous groove; 38, optic foramen; 39. 40. cribriform plate of ethmoid; 41, slit for nasal nerve. SALSO MAGGIORE 887 SANATOGEN of women, chronic inflammatory exudations, anemia, chlorosis, neurasthenia, and general debility. April i to October 31. salt. I. A compound formed by the interaction of an acid and a base, the hydrogen atoms of the acid being replaced by the atoms of the base. 2. Sodium chloride, NaCl, common salt, table salt. acid s., bisalt, a salt in which all of the hydrogen of the acid is not replaced by the electropositive element, basic s., one in which there are one or more hydrogen atoms not replaced by the elec- tronegative element, double s., one in which two basylous elements or radicals are united with the same acid. Epsom s., magnesium sulphate. Glauber's s., sodium sulphate, hal'oid s., a s. formed from an hydracid by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen, similar in constitution to common salt, or sodium chloride, NaCl. -ic s., a. salt in which the basic element occurs in a higher valency than it does in the -ous salt of the same element. Monsel's' s., iron subsulphate. neutral s., a s. in which the hydrogen of the acid has been wholly replaced by the electropositive element. normal s., one which is neither basic nor acid. -ous s., a salt in which the basic element occurs in a lower valency than it does in the -ic salt of the same element. Rochelle' s., sodium and potassium tartrate, s. solu'tion, saline* solution. saltation (sal-ta'shun) [L. saltare, to dance.] Dancing, leaping. saltato'rial, sal'tatoiy. Relating to or marked by dancing or leaping, s. spasm, a spasmodic affec- tion or tic of the muscles of the lower extremity. salt-dye. A neutral staining substance, such as the eosinate of methylene blue. Sal'ter's incremen'tal lines (sawl'tur) [Sir James A. Salter, English dentist, 19th century.] Trans- verse lines, sometimes seen in dentine, due to improper calcification. salt-fever. An elevation of temperature following the ingestion of salt and sugar in infants, occur- ring chiefly in those suffering from intestinal dis- orders — a form of anaphyla'xis. salt-free di'et. See dechloridation. Salt Lake Hot Springs, Utah. Saline-sulphureted- carbonated waters, 112° F. Used by bathing in various disorders. saltpe'ter, saltpe'tre [L. sal, salt, + petra, rock.] Niter, potassii* nitras. Chil'e s., sodii nitras. salts. A saline purgative. Salt Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Saline-sul- phureted-calcic-carlDonated waters. The iodine spring contains some iron, iodine, and bromine, — rare in sulphur waters. Three springs. Used by drinking in chronic constipation, metallic poison- ing, abdominal engorgement, liver disorders, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, scrofula, and syphilis. saluTiriotis [L. salubris, healthy.] Healthful. sal'ubrol. Methylenediantipyrine tetrabromide, a yellow powder employed as an antiseptic dusting powder in place of iodoform. sal'ufer [L. salus, health, + ferre, to bring.] Sodium silicofluoride, sodium fluosilicate, NajSiFlj; a tasteless, odorless powder, employed as a deodor- ant, antiseptic, and styptic, in 1-500 to 1-5000 solution. sal'umin. Aluminum salicylate, a slightly reddish powder, employed in ozena and pharyngitis. sol'uble S.) ammoniated aluminum salicylate, employed in solution as a spray in diseases of the upper air passages saluta'rium [L. saluiaris, healthful.] Sanitarium. sal'utary [L. saluiaris.] Healthful, wholesome. sal'varsan [L. salvare, to preserve, + sanitas, health.] ' Trade name of dioxydiamimoarsenobenzol, No. 606, useful in the treatment of syphilis, yaws, and possibly other diseases of protozoan origin; it is a yellow powder, administered intravenously after admixture with a dilute solution of caustic soda. The name under which salvarsan is licensed to be made and sold in the United States is arsphenamine ; in Great Britain it is sold as kharsivan ; other names are arsenobenzol, arsenobillon, diarsenol. s. milk, the milk of a goat to which salvarsan has been administered, suggested as a suitable food for heredosyphilitic infants. salvarsanized-serum method (sal'var-san-izd-se'- rum meth'od). Swift-Ellis method; the treat- ment of cerebrospinal syphilis by the subarach- noid injection of serum taken from the patient half an hour after an intravenous injection of salvarsan. When the patient's own serum is used, it is sometimes called autosalvarsanized, to distinguish it from the salvarsan impregnated serum derived from another individual. salvateU'a [It.; L. salvare, to save.] The dorsal vein of the little fiilger, bleeding from which was anciently regarded as curative in melancholia. Salva'tor Mineral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- calcic-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking in diabetes, irritability of the bladder and urinary passages, Bright's disease, acid dyspepsia, and torpidity of the liver. salve (sahv) [A.S. sealf.] An ointment, ceratum, unguentum. moth'er's s., unguentum fuscum (N. F.). s. mull, unguentum extensum (N.F.). sal'veol. Trade name of a cresol solution of sodium creosolate; antiseptic. sal'via [L.] Sage, the dried leaves of Salvia ojicin-' alis, garden sage, meadow sage; aromatic tonic, astringent, and diaphoretic in doses of gr. 15-30 (i .0-2 .0). Salzbrunn, Austria. See Obersalzbrunn. ' Salzer's opera'tion (zahlt'ser) [Fritz Adolf Salzer, Utrecht surgeon, bom in Vienna, *i858.] i. Exclusion of the intestine. 2. Excision of the mandibular division of the trigeminus nerve. S.'s test -meals, two meals given four hours apart; the first consists of moderate quantities of cold roast beef, a soft-boiled egg, rice, and milk; the second of stale white bread and water; the con- tents of the stomach, removed an hour after the second meal, should show no remains of the first meal if digestion is normal. Salzschlirf, Germany (zahlts'shlirf). Saline-lithi- ated-carbonated-sulphureted waters.. Cold. Four springs. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic gout, rheumatism, gallstones, impaired metabolism, the uric acid diathesis, renal calculus, cystitis, gastroenteric catarrh, obesity, and diseases of women. May i to September 30. sama'rium. A supposed metallic element of unknown properties. sambu'cus (N.F.). Sambuci flores (Br.), elder flowers; the dried flowers of Sambucus canadensis or 5. nigra, the common elder or black elder; slightly laxative in doses of 51-2 (4 • 0-8 . 0) , and employed in infusion and ointment in the treat- ment of bruises or sprains. sam'ol. Trade name of a 25 per cent, ointment of salimenthol. ' san'ative [L. sanare, to heal.] Curative, healing. san'atogen. Proprietary name of a food prepara- tion, said to consist of 95 per cent, milk casein in combination with 5 per cent, sodium glycero- phosphate; employed in gastric disorders, ane- mia, and nervous affections. SANATOL 888 SANSON'S IMAGES san'atol. Arttnann's creolin. sanato'rium [L. sanare, to heal.] An institution lor the treatment of chronic diseases, such as tuber- culosis, nervous disorders, chronic rheumatism, etc., and as a place for recuperation under medical supervision; often improperly called sanitarium.* san'atory. Health giving, curative. san'atose. Trade name of a preparation said to be a compound of casein and sodium glycerophos- phate, employed in anemia and gastric dis- orders. San Bemardi'no Hot Springs, California. Sulphated- saline-silicious-calcic waters, loo" F. to 175° F. sand [A.S.] The fine detritus of quartz and other crystalline rocks, brain s., acervulus cerebri. intes'tinal s., minute calculi or gritty material occurring in feces, composed of soaps, bile pig- ment, cholesterin, magnesium salts, succinic acid, etc. s, bath, immersion of the body in hot sand. s. fly, black fly, buffalo gnat, a biting dipterous insect of the genus Simuliiim. s. treatment, treat- ment by means of sand baths, ammotherapy, psammotherapy. s. tumor, psammoma. san'dalwood. The heart-wood of various species of Santalum* red s., the wood of Santalum rubrum. white s., the wood of Santalum album see oleum, santali. san'darac [of Eastern origin.] An oleoresin from Calliiris quadrivalvis and other species of C, small trees of northwestern Africa ; has been used as an expectorant, and externally as an ingredient of stimulating ointments. sand-crack. A crack or fissure in the hoof of the horse, occurring usually on the inside of the fore- foot {quarter-crack) or in the fore-part of the hindfoot {toe-crack); when the crack is deep enough, to expose the sensitive laminse, or when it extends to the coronary band, lameness results. San'dets' sign [James Sanders, English physician, 17 77-1843.] Pulsatory movement of the tho- racic wall in cases of adherent pericardium. sand-fly fe'ver. Pappataci fever. San Diego de los Bafios, Cuba (sahn-de-a'go da ISs bahn'yos). Alkaline - saline - sulphurous waters, 22° C. and 34° C. Numerous springs. Used by drinking and bathing in the rheumatic, herpetic, and scrofulous diatheses. Last of January to April. J Sandstroem's bod'ies (zant'strem) [I. Sandstrom, Norwegian physician, 19th century.] Glandulae parathyreoidese. Sand'with's bald tongue [Fleming Mant Sandwith, English physician, 1853-1918.] The abnormally clean tongue seen in a later stage of pellagra. sand'worm dis'ease. An inflammatory eruption on the inner side of the sole, observed in certain parts of Australia, marked by a patch of erythema spreading in spirals, and disappearing spontan- eously. sane [L. sanus.'] Sound of mind. sangaree (sang-gah-re') [Sp. Sangria.] A beverage made of sweetened water, red wine, and nutmeg. sangrenal (sang'gre-nal). An adrenal preparation, recommended as a hemostatic and. heart stimu- lant. sanguiferous (sang-gwif'er-us) [L. sanguis, blood, -h ferre, to carry.] Conveying blood, circulatory. sangulferr'in. Trade name of a tonic said to be prepared from the iron of the blood with man- ganese. sanquifica'tion [L. sanguis, blood, 4- facere, to make.] Hematopoiesis sang'uinal. Traae name of a preparation made from dried blood, recommended in aneniia and chlorosis. sanguinaiia (sang-gwin-a'rl-ah) [L. sanguis, blood.] (U.S.) The rhizome of Sanguinaria canadenis, bloodroot, tetterwort, a common wild flower of eastern North America ; employed as an expector- ant in doses of gr. i-s (0.06-0.3). sanguin'aiine. A poisonous alkaloid from san- guinaria, employed as a tonic and expectorant in doses of gr. •jV'i (0.005-0.008). sanguine (sang'gwin) [L. sanguis, blood.] 1. Plethoric. 2. Full of vitality, hopeful. sanguineous (sang-gwin'e-us) [L. sanguis, blood.] i. Relating to blood, bloody. 2. Plethoric. sanguin'olent. Bloody, tinged with blood. sanguis (sang'gwis) [L.] Blood. Sanguisuga (sang-gwi-su'gah) [L. sanguis, blood, sugere to suck.] A genus of leeches, now called Hirudo. S. medicina'lis, Hirudo medicinalis. S. officina'lis, Hirudo promncialis. sanguisuge (sang'gwi-suj) [L. sanguis, blood, -H sugere, to suck.] A leech. sanies (sa'ni-ez) [L.] A thin, blood-stained, puru- lent discharge. sa'nious. Relating to sanies; ichorous and blood- stained. sanita'rian [L. sanitas, health.] A hygienist, one versed in the science of public health. sanita'rium [L. sanitas, health.] A health resort; not to be confused with sanatorium..* san'itaiy. Healthful, conducive to health, s. survey', a systematic inspection of any locality or building with regard to its water supply, drainage, atmospheric conditions, and other factors (and if a building, plumbing, ventilation, heating, etc.) affecting the health of the inhabitants. san'itas. Trade name of a class of disinfectant preparations made from turpentine. sanita'tion. The emplojmient of measures designed to promote health and prevent disease; practical hygiene, assanation. san'itol. A proprietary antiseptic mouth-wash. san'ity [L. sanitas, health.] Soundness of mind. Sankt Moritz, Switzerland (zahnkt-mo'rits). Alka- line-chalybeate-carbonated waters. Cold. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing in ane- mia, nervous and intestinal disorders. Graves' disease, chlorosis, diseases of women, and tuber- culosis. June 15 to September 15. sanmeth'yl. Trade name of a preparation of santal, methylene blue, copaiba, cubebs, and other drugs, recommended in gonorrhea. sanmett'o. Trade name of a preparation of santal and saw palmetto (sabal), used in prostatic and vesical disorders. san'oform. Methyl diiodosalioylate, a colorless crystalline powder, without odor or taste, obtained by the interaction of iodine and methyl salicylate ; employed as an antiseptic and deodor- ant dusting powder. san'ose. Trade name of a. food preparation of casein and albumose. sansevier'ia (san-se-vl-8r'l-ah) [after the Prince of Sanseviero of Naples, 1710-1771.] A genus of plants of South Africa and India. S. thyrsiflo'ra, a species of South Africa, employed internally as a domestic remedy for hemorrhoids. San'som's sign [Arthur Ernest Sansom, EngUsh physician, 183,8-1907.] Reduplication of the second sound of the heart at the base, occurring in mitral stenosis. Sanson's im'ages (sahn-son') [Louis Joseph Sanson, French physiciafi, 1790-1839.] Purkinje's* images. SANTA BARBARA HOT SPRINGS 889 SAPOTA Santa Barbara Hot Springs, California. Alkaline- saline-sulpho-carbonated- waters, 99.° F. to 122° F Twenty-two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheumatism, and other joint affections, Bright's disease, glandular enlarge- ments, chronic skin diseases, syphilis, and scrofula. san'tal. Sandalwood, santalum.* Ban'talin. A dye from red sandalwood. aantalol (san'tal-ol). An alcohol, CisHasO, which with the aldehyde, CisHjiO, forms almost the entire part of oil of sandalwood. san'talum. Sandalwood, santal. s. al'bum (N.F.), white sandalwood, see oleum santali. s. ru'brum (U.S.), red saunders, red sandalwood, pterocarpi lignum, the heart-wood of Pterocarpus sanialin- its, a small tree of India; employed in pharmacy as a coloring agent. Santa Rosa White Sulphur Springs, California Light saline-stilphureted waters containing car- bonic acid gas, S9°F- to 62° F. Used by drink- ing and bathing in rheumatism,' skin diseases, affections of the kidneys and bladder, and congestion of the liver following malarial poisoning. Santa Isabel' Sulphur Springs, California. Alkaline- saline-carbonated-sulphureted waters, 59.2° F to 96.3° F. • There is also a warm sulphur mud spring, 95° F. IJsed by drinking and bathing in affections of the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys, glandular enlargements, chronic rheuma- tism, skin diseases, and syphilis. The entire year. Santini's boom'ing (sahn-te'ne). A sonorous boom- ing sound heard on auscultatory percussion of an hydatid cyst. san'tol. Trade name of a sandalwood preparation, used in gonorrhea. Eanton'ica [G. santonikon, wormwood.] Levant wormwood, semen-contra, the unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia paucifolia, a shrub growing in Turkestan ; formerly employed for the expulsion of roimd worms, in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0); now superseded by the active prin- ciple santonin. san'tonin, santoni'num (U.S., Br.). "The inner anhydride or lactone of santonic acid, obtained from santonica" (U.S.); "a crystalline principle prepared from the dried unexpanded flower- heads or capitula of Artemisia maritima" (Br.), CisHigOj; occurs in colorless shining prismatic crystals, almost insoluble in water; employed to effect the expulsion of roimd worms (Ascaris lumbricoides) in doses of gr. J-2 (0.03-0.13), and also in impaired vision from disease of the optic nerve and in incontinence of urine. santoninox'ime. A derivative of santonin, CisHisOj.NOH, occurring in the form of colorless acicular crystals; employed for the same purposes as santonin, in doses of gr. i (0.06) for a child, and gr. 2-3 (o . 13-0 . 2) for an adult. Santorini's canal' (sahn-to-re'ne) [Giovanni Do- menico SantorifU, Italian anatomist, 1681-1737.] S.'s duct. S.'s car'tilage, cartilage comiculata. S.'s con'cha, concha nasalis suprema. S.'s carun'cula ma'jor, papilla duodeni. S.'s duct, ductus pancreaticus accessorius. S.'s fis'sures, two fissures, one in the cartilaginous portion of the external auditory meatus, the other in the tragus. S.'s inci'sure, (i) incisura anterior auris [BNA]; (2) S.'s fissure. S.'s lab'yrinth, plexus pudendalis. S.'s muscle, (i) musculus risorius; (2) musculus incisurse helicis; (3) an in- complete band of non-striated muscular fibers beneath the constrictor urethrse muscle. S.'s papil'la, papilla duodeni. S.'s tu'bercle, tuber- ■ . culum corniculatum. S.'s veins, veins passing from the scalp to the cerebral sinuses. santoze'a. Trade name of a preparation said to contain sabal, santol, and other drugs, reconi- mended in vesical disorders. san'tyl. Santalyl salicylate, salicylic-acid ester of santalol, an ester obtained by heating together salicylic acid and oil of sandalwood; a yellowish oil of balsamic odor and taste ; employed in gonor- rhea in doses of n);2o-3o (i . 3-2 . o). sap. The circulating fluid of plants, nu'clear s., caryolymph. saphe'na [G. saphenes, visible.] See under vena. saphe'nous. Relating to or associated with a sa- phena vein, noting a number of structures in the leg. s. opening, fossa ovalis, an oval aperture in the fascia in the upper and inner part of the thigh below Poupart's ligament, which transmits the internal saphenous vein. sap'id [L. sapidus.l Savory, tasty. sa'po [L.] (U.S.) Soap, sapo durus (Br.), hard soap, Castile soap, a soap made with olive oil and so- dium hydroxide; employed as an antidote in poisoning by mineral acids, and in the form of a suppository or of an enema of soap suds in con- stipation; used also as an excipient in pills, b. anima'lis (Br.), animal or tallow soap, curd soap, s. domesticus, soap made with sodium hydroxide and a purified animal fat consisting chiefly of stearin, used in pharmacy in the preparation of certain liniments, s. domes'ticus, s. animalis. s. du'rus (Br.), hard soap, sapo (U.S.). s. mol'lis (U.S., Br.), soft soap, green soap, potash soap, made with linseed oil (U.S.) or olive oil (Br.) and potassitun hydroxide; employed as a stimulating application in various skin diseases, b. vir'idis, s. mollis. sapocar'bol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of cresol and soft soap. sapogenin (sS-poj'en-in). Sapogenol, a white acicu- lar crystalline substance, derived from saponin. sap'olan. Trade name of a dark brown ointment, said to consist of naphtha, soap, and lanolin, recommended as a stimulating application in certain skin diseases. sapolan'olin. Trade name of a mixture of soft soap and lanolin, employed in eczema. sapona'ceotis [L. sapo, soap,] Soapy, relating to or resembling soap. sapona'ria. Soapwort, soaproot, the dried roots of Saponaria officinalis, sweet betty, wild sweet William, an herb of temperate regions of Europe and America ; formerly employed as an altera- tive in gouty and syphilitic skin diseases, in doses of S 1—2 (30 . 0-60 . o) of an infusion of an ounce to the pint. sapona'tus [L.] Mixed with soap. saponifica'tion [L. sapo(sapon-), soap, + facere, to make.] Conversion into soap, noting the action of an alkali upon fat. sapon'ify. To make into soap. sap'onin [L. sapo, soap.] A class of substances found in many plants which possess the common property of foaming, or making suds, when strongly agitated in aqueous solution; they also hold resinous and fatty, substances in suspension in water; they are amorphous bodies as a rule, though a few are crystallizable, and possess the properties of glucosides; they are irritants when applied to the skin or mucous membranes, and given internally cause nausea and vomiting. sapo'ta. The fruit of Achras sapoia, a tree of tropi- cal America, having diuretic properties. SAPOTIN 8go SARCOMA sap'otin. A glucoside from the seeds of sapola. sapotox'in. A glucoside from quillaia, or soap- bark. sappan' [Malay.] (B.A.) The heart-wood of CtEsalpinia sappan; employed as a dye, and in medicine as an astringent, similarly to haema- toxylon. Sappey's fl'beis (sap-pa') [Marie Philibert Constant Sappey, French anatomist, 1810-1896.] Non- striated muscular fibers in the check ligament of the eyeball. S.'s lig'ament, the posterior thick- ened portion of the capsule of the temporoman- dibular articulation. S.'s veins, accessory portal veins, ven«* paraumbilicales. sapphism (saf'izm) [Sappho, a Greek poetess of alleged irregular life.] Homosexual perversion among women, tribadism, Lesbian love. sapre'mia, sapraa'mia [G. sapros, rotten, -f- haima, blood.] Septicemia, the presence in the blood of the poisonous products of the putrefactive bacteria. Eapre'mic. Relating to or suffering from sapremia. sap'rine. A ptomaine from the putrefying abdomi- nal viscera. saprodontia (s5"pro-don'shyah) [G. sapros, rotten, -f odous{odoni-), tooth.] Dental caries. saprogen (sap'ro-jen) [G. sapros, decayed, + gennao, I produce.] Any putrefactive micro- organism. saprogenic, saprogenouk (sa-pro-jen'ik, sS-proj'en- us) [G. sapros, rotten, -I- gennao, I produce.] Causing or resulting from decay. sap'rol. A disinfectant mixture of cresols in mineral oil. Saproleg'nia [G. sapros, rotten, + legnon, an edge.] A genus of fimgi, one species of which, 5. ferax, causes a destructive disease in salmon. saproph'ilous [G. sapros, rotten, + philos, fond.] Saprophytic. saprophyte (sap'ro-flt) [G. sapros, decayed, + phyton, plant.] A plant which grows on decaying vegetable matter. A microorganism which grows normally on dead matter, as distinguished from a parasite. saprophytic (sap-ro-fit'ik) [G. sapros, decayed, -f- phytikos, vegetable.] Relating to a saprophyte; obtaining nourishment from decaying vegetable matter. sapropy'ra [G. sapros, rotten, -I- pyr, fire.] Typhus fever. saproty'phus. Typhus fever. saprozoic (sap-ro-zo'ik) [G. sapros, putrid, -t- zoikos, relating to animals.] Living in decaying organic matter, noting especially certain protozoa. Sarato'ga Springs, New York. Muriated-alkaline- calcic-chalybeate-lithic-carbonated waters. More than fifty springs. Usedbydrinkirigandbathingin chronic constipation, dyspepsia, anemia, neuras- thenia, engorgement of the liver and portal system, the uric acid diathesis, and general debility. June 15 to September 15. sar'cin. Hypoxanthin. Sar'cina [L. sarcina, a pack, bundle.] A genus of non-flagellated organisms of the family Coccacecs, in which division occurs in three planes, the newly formed cells remaining in position, thus forming cubes. S. au'rea, a species found in the exudate in certain cases of croupous pneumonia. S. fusces'cens [L. getting dark colored], u. specie, occasionally found in the stomach contents. S. no'bilis, a form producing a reddish pigment, found once in a specimen of ascitic fluid. S. ventric'uli, a species found not infrequently in the stomach. S. virchow'ii, a species found in certain cases of chronic non tuberculous pul- monary disease, pseudomycosis sarcinica. sar'cine. 1. Hypoxanthin. 2 A packet of cocci of the genus Sarcina. sarcin'ic. Relating to the genus Sarcina. sarcitis (sar-si'(se')tis) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + -itis.] Myositis. sarco- [G. sarx(sark-), flesh.] A prefix denoting muscular substance or a resemblance to flesh. sarcoadeno'ma. Adenosarcoma. sar'coblast [G. sarx(,sark-), flesh, -I- blastos, germ.] A bud from a germinating cell. sarcocarcino'ma. A mixed carcinoma and sarcoma or a transition form between the two. sar'cocarp [G. sarx{sark-), flesh, + karpos, fruit.] Mesocarp. sarcocele (sar'ko-sel) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -t- kele, hernia, tumor.] A flashy tumor or sarcoma of the testicle. Sarcocystis [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + kystis, bladder.] A genus of protozoan parasites of the order Sarco- sporidia; the initial stages are passed in muscular tissue. S. muris, a species parasitic in mice, causing the structures called Miescher's* tubes. S. tenel'la, a species in the sheep, producing cysts of large size in the muscles. sarcode (sar'kod) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- eidos, resemblance, j Animal, as distinguished from vegetable protoplasm. Sarcodi'na [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -t- dine, a whirling.] A subphylum (or class) of Protozoa, with naked protoplasm and without permanent organs of locomotion or prehension, these functions being performed by temporary extrusions of protoplasm called pseudopodia. sarcoenchon droma (sar"ko-en-kon-dro'mah). Chondrosarcoma. sarcoglia (sar-kog'U-ah). i. The substance, as- sumed to be differentiated from neuroglia, at the junction of nerve and muscle fibers, or Doyen's hillocks. 2. Sarcoplasm sar'coid [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + eidos, appearance.] i. Resembling flesh. 2 A tumor resembling a sarcoma, mul'tlple benign' s., the occurrence of multiple nodules on the skin, resembling leuce- raia cutis, but due to a proliferation of connective- tissue cells surrounding the blood-vessels. sarcolac'tate. A salt of sarcolactic acid, a para- lactate. saicolac'tic acid. Paralactic acid, a dextrorotatory lactic acid. sarcolem'ma [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- lemma, husk.] The sheath enclosing a muscle-fiber. sarcolemm'ic, sarcolemm'ous. Relating to the sarcolemma. sarcorogy [G. sarx{sark-), flesh, + -logia.'] i. Myology. 2. The anatomy of the soft parts, as distinguished from osteology. sarco'ma, pi. sarco'mata, sarco'mas [G. sarx{sark-), flesh, i-f -oma.'] A tumor, usually highly malig- nant, formed by proliferation of imperfectly differentiated cells of the vegetative or embryonic type; a malignant connective- tissue (parablastic) neoplasm, alve'olar o., a tumor formed of a reticular stroma of connective tissue enclosing numerous round cells, angiolith'io s., psam- moma. decid"uoceirular s., chorioma malig- num. enceph'aloid s., round-cell s. fascic'ular B., spindle-cell s. gi'ant-cell s., a giant-cell myeloma in which some of the spindle-cells have been replaced by smaller round cells ; metastases are not infrequent, infec'tive s., a growth occur- ring in the dog, apparently due to contagion; it is uncertain whether it is a true neoplasm or a SARCOMA 891 SATURNINE granuloma, leucocyt'ic s., leucemia. med'ul- laiy s., a soft very vascular malignant growth, fitngus haematodes. melanotic »., melanoma, a markedly pigmented s. myelogen'ic s., one orig- inating in the bone-marrow, my'eloid s., a mixed s. containing both round and spindle cells. oat-cell s., a malignant tumor composed of short, bluntly spindle-shaped cells with comparatively long oval nuclei, os'teoid s., a s. containing bony tissue, round-cell s., a malignant tumor com- posed chiefly of closely packed round cells; the cells are of two kinds, small and large, the former consisting chiefly of nucleus with very little cytoplasm, the latter having a larger cell-body and tending, through pressure, to become oval or polygonal in shape, spin'dle-cell s., a malignant tumor composed of elongated, spindle-shaped cells; the cells are of two kinds, small and large. sarco'matoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a sarcomia. sarcomato'sis. The occurrence of several sarco- matous growths on different parts of the body. s. genera'lis, mycosis fungoides. sarco'matous [L. sarcomatosum.'] Relating to or of the nature of sarcoma. sarcomere (sar'ko-mer) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- meros, part.] The section of muscle-fiber between two adjacent dark lines (Krause's membranes or Dobie's layers). sarcomphalocele (sar-kom'fal-o-sel) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- omphalos, mnbilicus, 4- kelS, tumor.] A hard fleshy tumor at or near the umbilicus. sarcomyces (sar-ko-mi'sez) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -j- mykes, fungus.] A fungous fleshy growth. sar'coplasm [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- plasma, a thing formed.] i. The undifferentiated protoplasm of a, muscle-cell, hyaloplasm. 2. The homo- geneous semifluid interstitial substance surround- ing the muscle-columns. sarcoplas'mic. Relating to sarcoplasm. sar'coplast [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, 4- plastos, formed.] One of the rounded interfibrillary cells in a muscle fiber. sarcopoietic (sar"ko-poy-et'ik) [G. sarx{sark-), flesh, + poied, I make.] Forming muscle. Sarcopsyl'la pen'etrans [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, + psylla, a. flea.] Jigger, chigoe, a minute flea-like insect, of which the impregnated female burrows into the skin or under the toe-nails, and there becomes distended with eggs to the size of a, pea, causing abscesses and ulcers. Sarcop'tes scabie'i [G. sarx, flesh, , -I- kopto, I cut.] The itch-mite, formerly called Acarus scabiei. sarco'sis [G. sarx(,sark-), flesh.] i. An abnormal increase of flesh. 2. A multiple growth of fleshy' tumors. 3. A diffuse sarcoma involving the whole of an organ. Sarcosporid'ia [G. sarx(,sark-), flesh, + sporos, seed.] An order of Neosporidia, in which the early stage is passed in the muscle-cells of vertebrates; the spore cases from Miescher's tubules. sarcosporid'ium. One of the sarcosporidia. sarcosporidio'sis. Infection of the voluntary muscles with sarcosporidia, causing Miescher's tubes in the mouse and Rainey's corpuscles in the pig. The affection is rare in man. sarcosto'sis [G. sarxisark-), flesh, + osteon, bone.] Ossification of muscular tissue. sarcostyle (sar'ko-stil) [G. sarx(sark-), flesh, -|- stylos, pillar.] One of the delicate fibrilte pro- ducing the longitudinal striation of a muscle- fiber; the spongioplasm of a muscle-cell. sar"cother'apy [G. sarx(,sark-), flesh, + iherapeia, treatment.] Zomotherapy. saicot'ic. I. Relating to sarcosis. 2. Causing an increase of flesh. saT'cous [G. sarx{sark-), flesh.] Relating to muscu- lar tissue ; muscular, fleshy. sardon'ic grin [G. sardonikos, Sardinian, noting a plant supposed to cause death, the victim laugh- ing the while.] Risus sardonicus. Sarotham'nus [G. saron, broom, + ihamnos, shrub.] A genus of shrubs including the common broom, S. scoparius.* sarrace'nia. The American pitcher plant, Sarra^ cenia purpurea, sometimes given in the treatment of atonic dyspepsia in doses of itRio-30 (o . 6—2 . o) of a fluidextract of the root. sar'sa. Sarsaparilla. sarsaparilla [Sp. zarza, a bramble.] (U.S.) Sarsse radix (Br.), the dried root of Smilax medica and - other species of S., a thorny vine widely distrib- uted throughout the tropical and semitropical world. It has been largely employed in gout, rheumatism, and syphilis, and popularly as a "blood purifier," in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0) usually in some fluid preparation. sar'sse ra'diz (Br.). Sarsaparilla (U.S.), the dried root of Smilax ornata Jamaica sarsaparilla. sarto'rius [L. sartor, a tailor, the muscle being used in crossing the legs in the tailor's position.] See under musculus. sas'safras [L. saxifraga, stone-breaker, signifying its alleged property of dissolving vesical calculi. ] The root-bark of Sassafras variifolius, a tree of the eastern United States; aromatic stimulant and astringent, employed as a flavoring addition to pharmaceutical preparations and as a diuretic and diaphoretic; dose, indefinite, s. xnedul'la (N.P.) sassafras pith, the dried pith of sassafras stems ; it contains a gum extracted with water to make the formerly official (now N.F.) mucilago sassafras meduUse. sas'sy bark. Erythrophleum. sat. Abbreviation of saturated, sat. sol., satu- rated solution. satellite (sat'6-lit) [L- satelles, guard.] A minor structure accompanying a more important or larger one, as a vein accompanying an artery, or a small or secondary skin lesion in the neighborhood of a larger one. satellito'sis [L. satelles (saiellit-), an attendant, + G. -OS-is.'] A condition marked by an accumula- tion of free nuclei, probably neuroglia nuclei, around the neurons or ganglion cells of the cere- bral cortex; it is present in general paresis and certain other affections. Satt'ler's elas'tic lay'er. A thin layer of elastic connective-tissue fibers between the layer of large vessels ^nd the choriooapillaris of the chorioid coat of the eye. sat'urate [L. satnrare, to fill.] i. To impregnate to the greatest possible extent. 2. To neutralize, to satisfy all the chemical affinities of a substance sat'urated color, a siinple color of the spectrum which cannot be further decomposed ; the smaller the admixture of white light with the simple color the greater the degree of saturation, sat'urated solu'tion, a liquid holding all of a salt or other substance which it is capable of dissolving. satura'tion. ±. Impregnation of one subs^^ance by another to the greatest possible degree, as a liquid by a soluble salt or the atmosphere by vapor. 2. Neutralization, as of an acid by an alkali. 3. In optics, see saturated color under saturate. sat'umine [L. saturninus; sati-rnus, lead.] Relating to lead ; due to or symptomatic of lead-poisoning. SATURNISM 892 SCALD-HEAD sat'urnism [L. saiurnus, the alchemical term for lead.] Lead- poisoning. satyriasis (sat-I-ri'a-sis) [G. saiyros, a satyr.] ±. Ex- cessive venereal excitement in the male. x. An obsolete term for elephantiasis or leprosy. satyTomania (sat"ir-o-ma'nI-ah) [G. satyros, satyr, -I- mania, frenzy.] Satyriasis. Sauerbruch's cab'inet (zow'er-brookh) [Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Munich surgeon, *i87S.] An air- tight chamber permitting operation on the thorax under negative air pressure, the patient lying within the cabinet with his head outside. S.'s pros'thesis, Vanghetti's prosthesis, an artificial limb in which motion is eflfected by means of plastic motors.* sauerin (zow'er-in). Trade name of a, German preparation, stated to be a pure active culture of the Bulgarian lactic acid (Massol's) bacillus. Saundby's test (sawnd'be) [Robert Saundby, English physician, 1849-1918.] For blood in the stools; on the addition of 30 drops of a 20 volume hydro- gen peroxide solution to a mixture of 10 drops of a saturated benzidin solution and a small quantity of feces in a test-tube, a. persistent dark blue color denotes the presence of blood. Saunders (sawn'durz). Sandalwood, santalum.* Saunders' disease' (sawn'dur) [Edward Watt Saunders, St. Louis physician, *i854.] Acute gastric disturbance in infants, due to an excess of carbohydrates in the diet. sauriasis (saw-ri'a-sis) [G. saura, a lizard.] Ichthyo- sis sauroderma. saurider'ma. Saurodermia. saurio'sis. Saurodermia. saurodennia (saw-ro-dur'ml-ah) [G. sauros, lizard, + derma, skin.] Ichthyosis hystrix. sau'sage-poi'soning. Botulism. sau'sage-shaped roll. Iliac* roll. Saussure's hygrom'eter (so-sur') [Horace Bfe^dict de So«ji«re, Swiss physicist, 1740-1779.] An in- strument for estimating atmospheric humidity, based upon the elongation of a hair by moisture. Sav'ill's disease' [Thomas Dixon Savill, London physician, 1856-1910.] Dermatitis epidemica. sav'in. Sabina. sav'onal. Trade name of a preparation containing soap, used as a base for ointments. saw [A.S. saga."] An instrument having an edge of sharp tooth-like projections; employed in surgery for cutting bone. Adams' s., Gigli s., Hey's s., see the proper names, butcher's o., a saw with narrow blade set in a D -shaped frame, used in amputations, chain s,, a saw made in short links, passed behind a bone and made to cut from below upward by pulling the two ends alternately, crown s., a trephine. subcuta'neous s., Shrady's* saw. saw-palmett'o. Sabal. saxifrage (saks'I-fraj) [L. saxifraga; saxum, stone, + frangere, to break.] A plant of the genus Saxifraga, several species of which formerly enjoyed repute as solvents of urinary calculi. saxifragant (saks-if'ra-gant) [L. saxum stone, + frangere, to break.] Lithotritic, possessing the power of dissolving or of crushing calculi. sax'in. Trade name of a sweet substance, used like saccharin as a substitute for sugar. sax'ol. Trade name of a preparation of liquid paraffine. Sayre's jack'et [Lewis Albert Sayre, New York surgeon, 1820-1900.] A plaster-of-Paris jacket, applied while the patient is suspended by the head and axilto; used in the treatment of Pott's disease and lateral curvature of the spine. S.'s suspen'sion appara'tus, a, tripod derrick with rope and pulley attachment for suspending the patient during the application of a plaster-of-Paris jacket. Sb. Chemical symbol of antimony (stibium). SbCls. Antimony trichloride, butter of antimony SbjOg. Antimonic oxide. SbjO,. Antimonious oxide. SbjSj. Antimony trisulphide, black antimony. Sc. Chemisal symbol of scandium. scab [A.S. scteb.'] 1. Eschar, a crust formed by the drying of the pus on the surface of an ulcer or ex- coriation. 2. A contagious mange-like disease of sheep. 3. To form a scab. Sayre's Suspension Apparatus for the applicatioa of a plaster jacket. scabies (ska'bl-ez) [L. scabere, to scratch.] The itch, dermatitis, accompanied with intense itching, caused by the burrowing beneath the skin of the itch-mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. s. cnis- to'sa, Boeck's* itch. sca"bioplio'bia [L. scabies + G. phobos, fear.] A morbid dread of, or delusion of suffering from, the itch. scabiosus (ska-bl-o'sus) [L.] Scabious (i). sca'bious. i. Relating to or suffering from scabies. 2. Erigeron. scabrities (ska-brishl-gz) [L. scaber, scurfy.] i. Roughness and scurfiness of the skin. 2. A chronic inflammatory granulation of the conjunc- tiva of the eyelids, s. un'guium, a, roughening and thickening of the nails. scala [L. a stairway.] See the subtitles, s. me'dia, middle scala or cochlear passage, ductus cochlearis [BNA]. s. tym'pani [BNA], tym- panic canal, the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying below the lamina spiralis, s. vestib'uli [BNA], vestibular canal, the division of the spiral canal of the cochlea lying above the lamina spiralis. scald (skawld) [L. txcaldare; ex, from, -I- calidus, hot.] I To bum by contact with a hot liquid or steam. 2. The lesion resulting from such contact. 3. [see scall] Any crusted or scurfy disease of the scalp, such as favus. scald-head. Scald (3). SCALDING 893 SCARLATINA scalding (skawld'ing) . A burning pain iii urinating. scale [A.S. sceale.] 1. A thin plate of bone. 2. A small thin plate of homy epithelium, resembling a fish-scale, cast off from the skin. 3. To des- quamate. 4. To remove tartar from the teeth. scale [L. scala, stairway.] A strip of metal, glass, or other substance, marked oil in lines, for measuring. Fahrenheit s., centigrade s., Reaumur s., see the comparative thermometer scales in the Appendix. scalene (ska-lSn') [G. skalenos, uneven.] i. Having sides of unequal length, said of a triangle so formed. 2. One of several muscles, see mus- culus scalenus, s. tu'bercle, tuberculum scale- num, a prominence on the upper surface of the first rib about an inch from its anterior extremity, giving insertion to the scalenus anterior muscle. scale'nus. See under musculus. scaler. An instriunent for removing tartar from the teeth. scall [Ice. skalli, bald-head.] A pustular scaly eruption of the skin or scalp, hon'eycomb s., an eruption of minute contiguous ulcers separated by raised edges; porrigo favosa, milk s., crusta lactea. scalp. The hairy skin covering the cranium. scalpel' [L. scalpellum; din. of scalprum, a knife.] A pointed knife with convex edge. Scalpels. scalpriform (skal'pri-form) [L. scalprum, chisel, + forma, shape.] Like a chisel, s. inci'sois, the cutting or gnawing incisors of a rodent. scal'prum [L. chisel, penknife. J i. A large strong scalpel. 2. A raspatory. sca'ly. I. Scurfy. 2. Squamous. scammonia (skam-mo'ni-ah)[ G. j Scammony, the plant Convolvulus scammonia, the dried root of •which, official in the U.S.P. as scammoniae radix, is the source of the drug scammony, or resina scammoniae (U.S.). scamm'onin, A glucoside from scammony, purga- tive in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). scamm'ony. Scammonia. scan'dium. A rare metallic element, symbol Sc, atomic weight 44 . i, known only in its white oxide. scanning speech. A form of speech in which the syllables or words are separated by distinct pauses. scanso'rius [L. relating to climbing.] See under musculus. Scanzoni's opera'tiou (skahn-tso'ne) [Priedrich Wil- helm Scanzoni, German obstetrician, 1821-1891.] Bringing the occiput anterior by means of the forceps in order to expedite delivery. S.'S second OS, Bandl 's* ring. sca'pha [L. skiff.] [BNA] Fossa of the helix, scaph- oid fossa, the longitudinal furrow between the helix and the antihelix of the auricle. scaph"ocepharic [G. skaphe, boat, + kepkale, head.] Noting a long narrow skull with a more or less prominent ridge along the prematurely ossified sagittal suture scaphoceph'alism. The state of having a scapho- cephalic skull. scaphoceph'alous. Scaphocephalic. scaphoceph'aly. Scaphocephalism. scaph"ohydroceph'alus, scaph"ohydroceph'aly. The occurrence of hydrocephalus in a. scaphocephalic individual. scaph'oid [G. skaphe, boat, -^ eidos, resemblance.] Boat-shaped, navicular ;.hoIlowed. s. abdo'men, a condition in which the abdomen is concave, s. bone, OS naviculare [BNA]. s. scap'ula, see scapula. scapula, gen. and pi. scap'ulw (skap'u-lah) [L.] The shoulder-blade; a large triangular flattened bone lying over the ribs posteriorly on either side, articulating by its outer angle with the clavicle and the humerus, scaph'oid s., one in which the vertebral border below the level of the spine presents a more or less marked concavity in place of the normal convexity; the scaphoid type of s. (Graves) is one in which the vertebral border between the spine and the teres major process is straight, or slightly, moderately, or markedly concave, s. ala'ta, winged scapula, scapula with prominent vertebral border and inferior angle. scapalal'gia [G. algos, pain.] Scapulodynia. scap'ular. Relating to the scapula. scap'ulary. A form of brace or suspender for keep- ing a belt or body bandage in place; it is made of a broad roller bandage split half way, the un- divided part being in front, the divided ends passing over the shoulders and down the back. scapulec'tomy [L. scapula + G, ekiome, excision.] Removal of the scapula or a portion of it. scapuloclavic'ular. Noting the a''ticulation be- tween the scapula and clavicle; acromioclavi- cular. scapulodjm'ia [G. odyne, pain.] Rheumatism of the scapular muscles. scapulohu'meral. Relating to both scapula and humerus. scap'ulopexy \scapula + G. pexis, fixation.] Opera- tive fixation of the scapula to the chest wall. sca'pus [L. shaft, stalk.] The shaft or stem of the hair. It consists of cuticle, a fine layer of over- lapping scales ; cortex, the body of the hair made up of closely packed elongated fusiform cells, resembling fibers, containing pigment and some- times air spaces; medulla, present only in the coarser hairs, a core of polyhedral nucleated cells, containing pigment, air spaces, and fat granules. scar [G. eschara, scab.] Cicatrix. scarf'skin [A.S. scearfe, fragment, scraping.] Epi- dermis. scarifica'tion [L. scarificare, to scratch.] The act of scarifying, the condition of being scarified. scar'ificator. An instrument for scarifying; it con- sists of a number of concealed cutting blades, set near together, which are projected at will by a spring. ' scar'ify [L. scarificare, to scratch.] To make a number of superficial incisions in the skin. scarlati'na [L. scarlatum, scarlet.] Scarlet fever, an acute exanthematous (lisease, marked by fever and other constitutional disturbances, and a generalized eruption of closely aggregated points or small macules of a bright red color, followed by desquamation in large scales, shreds, or sheets. The mucous membrane of the mouth and fauces is usually also involved. The incubation period varies from 5 to 12 days. s. angino'sa, scarlet fever with severe inflammation of the fauces, s. hsemorrhag'ica, a form in which- blood extra v- SCARLATINA 894 SCHERLIEVO asates into the skin and mucous membranes, giving to the eruption a dusky hue; there is fre- quently also bleeding from the nose and into the intestine, ts. la'tens, latent s., a form in which the rash is absent, the action of the specific poison being manifested in acute nephritis, s. malig'na, a severe scarlet fever in which the patient is early overcome with the intensity of the sys- temic intoxication. ». rheumat'ica, dengue, b. simplex, a mild form of the disease. scarlatinal (skar-l£-te'nal). Relating to scarlatina. scarlatin'iform [L. scarlatina + forma, form.] Resembling scarlatina, noting a rash. scarlaf inoid [L. scarlatina + G eidos, resemblance.] Scarlatiniform. scar'let. Of a bright red color tending toward orange, s. fever, scarlatina, s. rash, (i) roseola; (2) scarlatina, s. red, a, dye, the sodium salt of araidoazobenzene-azobetanaphthol-disul- phonic acid, occurring in the form of a reddish- brown powder, soluble in alcohol, ether, and olive oil, but not in water; employed in medi- cine as a vulnerary, and in histology as a fat stain. Scax'pa's fas'cia [Antonio Scarpa, Italian anatomist, 1752-1833.] Thickening of the superficial fascia of the abdomen around the edge of the subcutaneous inguinal ring. S.'s fluid, endolymph. S.'s foram'- ina, two openings in the line of the intermaxil- lary suture transmitting, the anterior foramen the left nasopalatine nerve, the posterior the right. S.'s gang'lion, ganglion vestibulare, a gangliform swelling on the ramus vestibularis of the auditory nerve within the internal auditory meatus. S.'s haben'ula, Haller's* habenula. S.'s hia'tus, the opening between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli of the internal ear. S.'s liquor, endolymph. S.'s membrane, the membrane occluding the fen- estra rotunda. S.'s method, cure of aneurysm by ligation of the artery at some distance above the sac. S.'s nerve, nervus nasopalatinus. S.'s sheath, fascia cremasterica. S.'s shoe, a metal support preventing palmar extension of the foot beyond a right angle, used in the treat- ment of talipes equinus. S.'s staphylo'ma, pos- terior staphyloma. S.'s tri'angle, trigonum femorale. Scatacratia (skat-4-kra'shyah) [G. skdr{skai-), excre- ment, + akratia, lack of control.] Incontinence of feces. scate'mia, scatEe'mia [G. skdr(skat-), excrement, + haima, blood,] Intestinal autointoxication. scat'ol [G. skor{skat-), excrement.] A crystalline substance of fecal odor, resulting from protein decomposition in the intestine; chemically it is beta-methyl indol, C,H,NO. scatol'ogy [G. skdr(skai-), excrement, + -logia.] The scientific study and analysis of the feces, for physiological and diagnostic purposes; coprol- ogy. scatoph'agy [G. skor(skai-), excrement, + phago, I eat.] Eating of excrement by the insane. scatos'copy [G. skoriskat-), excrement, -I- skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the feces for pur- poses of diagnosis. scat'ula [L. a rectangidar figure whose width is one- tenth of its length.] A square pill-box. scav'enger-cell. A phagocyte engaged in the removal of broken-down tissues. scelotyrbe (sel-o-tur'be) [G. skelos, leg, -I- iyrbe, disorder.] Spastic paralysis of the legs. Schacher's gang'lion (shah'kher) [Polycarp Gottlieb Schacher, German physician, 1674-1737.] Len- ticular or ophthalmic ganglion, ganglion* ciliare. Schachowa's tube (shah'kho-vah) [Seraphina Schachowa, Russian histologist in Bern, 19th century.] TubiUus spiralis of the kidney. SchS'ter's meth'od [Edward Albert Schdfer, British physiologist, "=1850.] Method of resuscitation in cases of drowning . or asphyxia ; the patient is laid face downward and natural breathing is imitated by gentle intermittent presstu-e over the lower part of the thorax at the rate of about fifteen times a minute. SchaeSer's re'flex (sha'fer) [Max Schaeffer, German neurologist, contemporary.] In cases of organic nervous disease, the great toe is dorsiflexed when the skin over the tendo Achillis is pinched. Scham'berg's dermati'tis [Jay Frank Schamberg, Philadelphia dermatologist, *i87o.] An erup- tion of reddish dots, the size of a pin-head, at first isolated, but later forming irregular patches; the red dots finally fade leaving a reddish brown or brownish yellow pigmentation. Schanz's syn'drome (shahnts) [Alfred Scham, Ger- man physician, contemporary.] Spinal weak- ness, marked by early fatigue, pain on pressure over the spinous processes, pain produced by the prone position, and a tendency to curvatures of the spine. Schapiro's sign (shah-pe'ro). No reduction of the pulse rate occurs when the patient lies down, in cases of weakness of the myocardium. Schaudinnella henles (show-din-nel'ah henle-e) [After Fritz Richard Schaudinn, German proto- zoologist, the discoverer of the protozoan parasite of syphilis, 1871— 1906.] A supposed gregarine parasite in the intestines of a worm Henlea leptodera. Schede's meth'od (sha'deh) [Max Schede, German surgeon, 1844-1902.] Supplying the defect in bone, after removal of a sequestrum or scraping away carious material, by allowing the cavity to fill with blood which may become organized Scheele's acid (shaleh, usually sheel) [Karl Willem Scheele, a Swedish chemist, 1742—1786.] A solution of hydrocyanic acid of 4 per cent, strength. S.'s green, copper arsenite. Scheiner's ezper'iment (shi'ner) [Christoph Scheiner, German priest and physicist, 1575 — 1650.] Through two minute holes in a card, separated from each other by less than the diameter of the pupil, one looks at a pin ; at a short distance from the eye the pin appears double ; as it is moved from the eye a point is found where it appears single, and beyond which it remains single for the normal eye, but for the myopic eye it soon again becomes double. schema (ske'mah) [G. schema, outline, plan.] In homeopathy, the arrangement of the drug symp- toms in anatomical order — ^head, nose, eyes, etc. schematic (ske-mat'ik) [G. schema, shape, figure.] Made after a definite type or formula ; represent- ing in general, but not with absolute exactness, noting an anatomical drawing or model. Scherer's test (sha'rer) [Johann Joseph von Scherer, German physician and chemist, 1814-1869.] I . If a trace of leucin is carefully moistened with nitric acid on a platinum plate, and a solution of caustic soda is added to the residue a yellow to brown color appears, and upon heating an oil- like drop is formed. 2. A quantitative test for albumin, the precipitate obtained by boiling with acetic acid being weighed. Bcherlievo (skair-lya'vo) [Dalmatian.] An endemic disease, now recognized as tertiary syphilis, in Bosnia, Servia, and neighboring countries. SCHICK'S SIGN 89s SCHLANGENBAD Schick's sign [Schick, Viennese pediatrist, 19th century.] An expiratory stridor heard on auscu- lation of the chest in the case of an infant with tuberculosis of the bronchial glands. S.'s test, ■b'o_ of the dose of diphtheria toxin fatal to a guinea-pig is injected just beneath the skin of a child; the appearance of a red spot at the site of injection within 48 hours indicates suscepti- bility to diphtheria, a negative reaction indicates immunity. Schiff's test [Ugo Schiff, German chemist in Flor- ence, 1834-191S.] I. For sugar in the urine: a piece of filter-paper impregnated with xylidine and glacial acetic acid is exposed to the vapor of \irine heated with sulphuric acid; if sugar is present the paper is reddened. 2. For urea: when furfurol and hydrochloric acid are added to a liquid containing urea a purple color is produced. 3. For uric acid: filter-paper im- pregnated with silver nitrate and dipped in an alkaline liquid containing uric acid turns brown. Schimmelbusch's disease' (shim'el-boosh) [Curt ScWj«M«eib«5cfe, German surgeon, *i86o.] Adegen- erative cystic change in the breast, associated with adhesion of the tube or ovary to the cecum which is inflamed and distended with feces. schinus (ski'nus) [G. schizo, I split.] Pepper-tree, Peruvian mastic the seed of Schinus molle; em- ployed, like cubebs, in catarrhs and gonorrhea. schindylesis (skin-di-le'sis) [G. schindylesis, splinter- ing.] A form of synarthrosis (suture) in which the sharp edge of one bone is received in a cleft in the edge of the other, as in the articulation of the vomer with the rostrum of the sphenoid. Schinznach, Switzerland (shints'nahkh). Saline- sulphurous-carbonated waters, 82.4° F. to 95° F. Used by drinking and bathing in gout, rheum- atism, asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, rickets, caries, and diseases of women. May to October. SchiStz's tonom'eter (she-ots') [Hjalmar Schiotz, Nor- wegian physician, *i85o.] An instrument for de- termining intraocular pressure by means of small weights supported by the resistance of the eyeball. schistocephalus (skis-to-sef'al-us) [G. schisios , cloven, -1- kephale, head.] A monster with a cloven head. schistoccelia (skis-to-sell-ah) [G. schisios, cloven, -t- koilia, a hollow.] A congenital fissure of the abdominal wall. schistocomius (skis-to-kor'mus) [G. schisios, cloven, + kormos, trunk of a tree.] A monster with a cleft of ail or a part of the trunk, the lower extremities being usually imperfectly developed or absent ; schistosomus. schistocyte (skis'to-sTt) [G. schisios, cloven, -I- ky0s, cell.] 1. Microoyte; it was so called by Ehrlich because it has the appearance of having been produced by budding from an ordinary red blood-ceU. is. A dividing or fragmented red blood-cell. schistocytosis (skis-to-si-to'sis). The occurrence of many schistocytes in the blood. schistoglossia (skis-to-glosl-ah) [G. schisios, cloven, + glossa, tongue.] A congenital fissure or cleft of the tongue. schistomelus (skis-tom'e-Ius) [G. schisios, cloven, + melos, member.] A monster with one or more cleft limbs. schistometer (skis-tom'e-ter) [G. schisios, cleft, + metron, measure.] A device for measuring the opening of the glottis. schistoprosopus (skis-to-pros-o'pus) [G. schisios, cloven, -t- prosopon, face.] A ^monster with a more or less extensive cleft of the face. schistorrhachis (skis-tor'S-kis) [G. schisios, cloven, + rhachis, spine.] Spina bifida. Schistosoma (skis-to-so'mah). Schistosomum. schistosomiasis (skis-to-so-mi'S.-sis) , Infestation with a species of Schistosoma, bilharziasis. Schistosomum (skis-to-so'mum) [G. schisios, cloven, + soma, body.] A genus of Tremaioda, compris- ing the blood-flukes, in which the sexes are distinct. S. catt'oi, S. japonicum. S. hemato'- bium, Distoma hematobium, occurs as a parasite in the portal system and the veins of the bladder and rectum ; it is common in Egypt. S. japon'i- cum, S. caitoi, a blood-fluke supposed to be the cause of a disease characterized by enlargement of the liver and spleen with ascites and cachexia. schistosomus (skis-to-so'mus) [G. schisios, cloven, + soma, body.] A monster with schistoccelia, or cleft body, schistocormus. schistoster'nia (skis-to-ster'ni-ah) [G. schisios , cloven, _ -I- L. sternum.'] A congenital cleft of the sternum, schistothorax. schistothorax (skis-to-tho'raks) [G. schisios, cloven, -t- ihorax.] Congenital cleft of the chest wall. schistotrachelus (skis-to-tra-ke'lus) [G. schisios, cloven, + irachelos, neck.] A monster with a cleft of the neck. schizaxon (skiz-aks'on) [G. schizo, I cleave.] A neuraxon divided into two branches. schizocyte ( skiz'o-sit) [G. schizo, I split, + kyios, a hollow (a cell).] Schistocyte. schizocytosis (skiz-o-si-to'sis). Schistocytosis. schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'e-sis) [schizo, I split, -I- genesis.l Multiplication of cells by fission, scissiparity, fissiparity, schizogony (skiz-og'o-ne) [G. schizo, I split, 4- gone, generation.] Multiple fission in which the nucleus first divides into several and then the cell divides into as many parts as there are nuclei; the non-sexual multiplication of the hemoprotozoa in the blood of vertebrates occurs in this way. Schizogregarina (skiz-o-greg-ar-i'nah) [G. schizo, I split.] A suborder of Gregarinida reproducing by fission or budding in addition to sporulation. EChizom.ycete (skiz'o-mi-set). One of the Schizo-: myceies or fission-fungi. Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se'tez) [G. schizo, I split, + mykes, fungus.] A class of vegetable micro- organisms which reproduce by fission, fission- fungi ; the bacteria belong to this class. schizomycetic (skiz-o-rni-se'tik). Relating to or caused by fission-fimgi or bacteria. Bchizomycosis (skiz-o-mi-ko'sis). Any schizomycetic or bacterial disease. schizont (skiz'ont) [G. schizo, I split, + dn(pnt-), a being.] An adult protozoon of the asexual cycle which produces only isospores developing into adult forms without conjugation. schizophrenia (skiz-o-fre'ne-ah) [G. schizo, I split, -I- phren, mind.] i. A condition marked by splitting of the personality or intrapsychic ataxia. 2. Dementia prsecox. schizophrenic (skiz-o-fren'ik) . Relating to or suf- fering from schizophrenia. schizothemia (ski-zo-the'mi-ah) [G. schizo, I split, -f- thema, the subject of an argument, proposi- tion.] Repeated interruptions in a conversation by the speaker himself introducing other sug- gested topics. schizotrichia (skiz-o-trik'l-ah) [G. schizo, I split, + ihrix(trich-), hair.] A splitting of the hairs at their ends, scissura pilorum. Schlangenbad, Germany (shiahng'en-baht). Indif- ferent earthy waters rich in oxygen and nitrogen, SCHLANGENBAD 896 SCHROETTER'S CHOREA 8i° F. to 89° F. Nine springs. Used by drink, ing and bathing in diseases of women, gout, neu- rasthenia, nervous exhaustion, spinal disease- certain types of paralysis, convalescence, dyspep- sia, skin diseases, and general debility. May i to October i. Schlat'ter's disease' [K. Schlatter, Zurich surgeon, *i864.] A painful condition of the tuberosity of the tibia at the point of insertion of the liga- mentum patellae, occurring in young athletes; the pain is excited or increased by pressure and by movements of extension of the knee; a sepa- ration of the tubercle of the tibia is believed to be the condition present. Schlatter-Osgood disease'. Same as Schlatter's* disease. Srhleich's anesthe'sia (shlikh) [Karl Ludwig Schleich, German surgeon, *i859.] i. Local anesthesia produced by distending the subcutane- ous tissues with a very weak cocaine solution introduced at successive points by means of a hypodermic syringe; called also infiltration anes- thesia. 2. General anesthesia induced by inhala- tion of a mixture of chloroform, sulphuric ether, and petroleum ether. S.'s marble soap, lysol 12 fluidounces, distilled water 10 fluidounces, soft soap 7 pounds, groxmd white marble 11 pounds; used for cleansing the hands before a surgical operation and for scrubbing the field of operation. S.'s sota'tion, one of three solutions used for infiltration anesthesia: the strongest contains sodium chloride gr. 3 (0.2), cocaine hydrochloride gr. 3 (0.2), morphine hydrochloride gr. 4 (0.25), in water 100; in the two weaker solutions the amounts of cocajne and of morphine are gr. ij (0.1) and gr. i (o. 01) of cocaine and gr. -f (0.025) and ^ (0.005) of morphine. Schlemm's canal' [Friedrich Schlemm, German anatomist, 1795-1858.] Fontana's or Lauth's canal, sinus* venosus sclerse. S.*s lig'ament, a band reenforcing the capsular ligament of the shoulder, passing from the under edge of the glenoid cavity to the lower part of the neck of the humerus. Schlesingei's sign (shla'zing-er) [Hermann Schles- inger, Austrian physician, *i868.] In tetany, if the lower limb, kept extended at the knee, is strongly flexed at the hip a spasm quickly occurs in the extensors of the knee. Schloesser's meth'od (shlSs'er) fCarl ScMoesser, German oculist, '1857.] Injection of alcohol into the foramina of exit of the branches of the fifth nerve, for the relief of tic douloureux. Schmidel's anastomo'ses (shme'del) [Casimir Chris- toph Schmidel, German anatomist, 1718-1792.] Abnormal channels of communication between the vena cava and portal systern, as for example, a communication between the coronary veins of the stomach and the azygos vein. Schmidt's fi"brinoplas'tic [Eduard Oskar Schmidt, German anatomist, 1823-1886.] Serum-globulin which, according to Schmidt, unites, under the influence of the fibrin ferment, with fibrinogen to produce fibrin. Schmidt's syn'drome [Johann Friedrich Moritz Schmidt, German laryngologist, *i838.] Uni- lateral paralysis of a vocal cord, the velum palati, trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid, Schmidt's test [Adolf Schmidt, German physician, 1865-1918.] A fermentation test of intestinal digestion; the subject lives on a. prescribed diet for a few days, and then a sample of feces is tested for fermentation, if this occurs within 48 hours it indicates that the digestion of starch in the intestine is defective; fermentation occurring at the end of about 4 days denotes the presence of albuminous matters. Schmidt-Lan'termann inci'sures [Eduard Oskar Schmidtl\ Irregular breaks in the medullary sub- stance of a nerve- fiber. Schneider's cai'mine (shni'der) [Franz Coelestin Schneider, German chemist, 1813— 1897.] A stain consisting of a saturated solution of carmine in concentrated acetic acid. Schneide'rian mem'brane [Conrad Victor Schneider, German anatomist, 1610-1680.] Pituitary mem- brane, mucous membrane of the nasal fossae. ■ Schnitter-Kurashige meth'od (shnit'er-koo^rah- she'ga). A method for detecting tubercle bacilU in the blood by treating the suspected blood with glacial acetic acid and antiformin, centrifuging, and staining the sediment accord- ing to Ziehl-Neelsen and Much-Weiss. Schoeler's meth'od (she'ler) [Heinrich Leopold Schoeler, German ophthalmologist, *i844.] Treatment of detachment of the retina by injec- tion of tincture of iodine into the vitreous body. Schoenbein reac'tion (shen'btn) [Christian Friedrich Schoenhein, German chemist, 1799— 1868.] If potassium iodide and sulphate of iron are added to a solution of hydrogen peroxide, iodine is get free. S.'s test, Alm^n's* blood test. Schoenlein's disease' (shen'lin) [Johann Lucas Schoenlein, Berlin physician, 1 793-1 864.] Pur- pura rheumatica. Schooley's Mountain Springs, New Jersey. Chalyb- eate waters. Used by drinking in sluggishness of the liver, disorders of the kidneys and bladder, and general debility. Schott meth'od [August Schott, 1839-1886; Theodor Schott, *i852, German physicians in Bad Nauheim.] Nauheim method; a method of treatment of cardiac and vascular diseases by baths in carbonic-acid water followed by graduated resisting movements. Schreger's lines (shra'ger) [Christian Heinrich Iheo&oT Schreger, Danish anatomist, 1768— 1833.] Concentric lines caused by a bending of the dentinal tubules near the surface of the dentine. Schrei'ber's maneu'ver [Julius Schreiber, German physician, *i848.] Rubbing the inner side of the thigh in order to prevent voluntary muscular tension in testing the patellar reflex. Schrei'ner's base. Spermin. Schridde gran'ules (shrid'eh) [H. Schridde, German physician, contemporary.] Chondroconia. Schroeder's contrac'tion ring (shre'der) [Karl Schroeder, German gynecologist, 1838-1887. Bandl's* contraction ring. S.'s opera'tion, ex- cision of the diseased mucous membrane in obstinate catarrh of the cervix uteri. Schroeder's por'tion of ure'a (shre'der) [Woldemar von Schroeder, German physician, 1850-1898. ] The amount of urea formed in the liver in twenty- four hours. S.'s test for urea, when added to chloroform containing bromine, urea is decom- posed, liberating oxygen. Schroen's baciU'us [Otto von Schroen, German path- ologist in Naples, 1837-1917.] An acid-fast bacillus, not identical with Koch's, asserted to be pathogenic of tuberculosis. S.'s gran'ule, a minute refractive body in the germinal spot. Schroen-Much gran'ules (shren-mookh) [Otto v. Schroen; Hans Much.] Much's* granules. Schroetter's chore'a (shrg'ter) [Leopold von Schroet- ter, Viennese laryngologist, 1837-1908.] Chorea* of the larynx. ;hroth's method 897 SCIATIC iroth's meth'od (shrot) [Johann Schroth, German physician, 1800— 1856.] Dipsotherapy. huchardt's opera'tion (shoo'khart). Paravagi- cial hysterectomy. lueftner's gran'ules (shuf ner) [Wilhelm Schueff- ner, German physician in Sumatra.] Glis- tening granules, which take a deep red color with Romanovsky's stain, sometiifles seen in the decolorized red blood corpuscles invaded by the parasite of tertian malaria. iuegner's gran'ules (shiig'ner). Plehn's* gran- ules. liuele's sign (shu'leh) [Heinrich Schuele, German psychiatrist, 1839-1916.] Omega melanchoU- cum. Iiueller's meth'od (shu'ler) [Karl Heinrich Anton Ludwig Max Schueller, Berlin surgeon, *i843.] Artificial respiration effected by hooking the fingers under the lower ribs and raising the thorax rhythmically. hueller's phenom'enon (shul'er) [Arthur Schueller, Austrian neurologist, contemporary.] In cases of functional hemiplegia the patient usually turns to the sound side in walking, but to the affected side in case of an organic lesion. huetz's micrococc'us (schuts) [Johann Wilhelm Schuetz, German veterinarian, *i839.] The path- ogenic agent of strangles in the horse. Schultze's Method of Resuscitation. thtilt'ze's bun'dle or com'ma [Max Johann Sigis- mund Schultze, German anatomist, 1825-1874.] Comma tract, a longitudinal bundle of descerid- ing fibers in the inner portion of the fasciculus cuneatus, or Burdach's column, of the spinal cord. S.'s cells, olfactory cells. S.'s tract, S.'s bundle. ihult'ze's fold [Bemhard Sigismund Schultze, German obstetrician, 1827-1919.] A crescentic amniotic fold between the remains of the umbili- cal vesicle and the placenta at the point of inser- tion of the cord. S.'s meth'od, resuscitation of the apparently stillborn child: one holds the child between his- separated legs facing in the same direction as himself, with the forefingers in the axilla, the thumbs on the chest anteri- orly, and the other fingers on the back; then the child is raised, with head down, so that the legs fall over in the direction of the operator; after a few seconds it is returned to the first position, and the maneuver is then repeated, the whole 57 being done rhythmically in the time required for ordinary respiration. S.'s phantom, a model of a female pelvis used in demonstrating the mechanism of childbirth and the application of forceps. S.'s placen'ta, a placenta expelled with the central portion in advance of the periphery. Schult'ze's test [Ernst Schultze, German-Swiss physiological chemist, 1860-1912.] For protein: a bluish red color is produced by adding a weak solution of cane-sugar and then concentrated sulphuric acid to a liquid containing any protein. Schultze-Chvostek sign [Bernhard Sigismund Schultze; Franz Chvosiek.] Chvostek's* symp- tom. Schwabach test (shvah'bahkh) [Dagobert Schwa- bach, Berlin aurist, *i846.] A series of five tuning-forks of different tones is used and the number of seconds is noted in which the patient can hear each by air-conduction and bone-con- duction. Schwalbach, Germany (shvahl'bakh). Chalybeate- carbonated waters. Cold. Several springs. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of women, anemia, chlorosis, nervous disorders, retarded convalescence, digestive disorders and general debility. There are peat baths. May t to October 15. Schwalbe's coi'puscles (shvahl'beh) [Gustav Schwalbe, German anatomist, 1844-1916.] Taste buds, calycuU gustatorii [BNA]. S.'s fora'men, Vicq d'Azyr's foramen, foramen* caecum (2). S.'s space, (i) Tenon's space, spatium* interfasciale; (2) the suprachoroid space, the sum-total of lymph spaces in the lamina fusca. Schwann's sheath [Theodor Schwann, German anat- omist, 1810-1882.] Neurilemma. S.'s white sub- stance, medullary* substance. Schwartz's meth'od (shvarts) [Charles Edouard Schwartz, French surgeon, *i852.] Treatment of varicose veins by multiple ligatures and sometimes excision of large varices. Schwartze opera'tion (shvart'seh) [Hermann Schwartze German otologist, 1837-1910.] An incision is made from the temporal line to the apex of the mastoid process, parallel to and i inch behind the attachment of the pinna; then the mastoid antrum is cautiously opened and free drainage is established for the escape of pus ; an operation for mastoiditis. Schwartze-Stacke opera'tion [Hermann Schwartze; Ludwig Stacke.l A mastoid operation combining the main features of the Schwartze and the Stacke operations. Schwarz's test [Karl Leonhard Heinrich Schwarz, German chemist, 1824-1890.] For sulphonal, heating of which with charcoal gives rise to the odor of mercaptan. Schwediauer's disease' (shva'de-ow-er) [Franfois Xavier Schwediauer, Austrian physician, 1748- 1824.] Albert's* disease. Schweitzer's rea'gent (shvi'tser) [Matthias Eduard Schweitzer, German chemist, 1818-1860.] An ammoniacal solution of copper oxide with caustic potassa, which dissolves cellulose (cotton, silk, etc.); a test for linen cloth; any admixture of cotton is dissolved out in half an hour, silk in 24 hours, while linen is unaffected. schwelle (shvel'eh) [G.] Threshold. sciage (se-azh') [Fr. scie, saw.] A to-and-fro saw- like movement of the hand in massage. sciatic (si-at'ik) [G. ischiadikos.] Relating to or situated in the neighborhood of the ischium or hip, ischiatic; relating to sciatica, s. fora'men. SCIATIC 898 SCLERODERMA, SCLERODERMIA either s. notch converted into a foramen by the sacrosciatic ligaments, s. nerve, nervus ischiadi- cus. s. notch, incisura ischiadica, one of two curved notches on the posterior border of the ischium, converted into foramina by the sacro- sciatic ligaments. sciatica (si-atl-kah). Sciatic neuritis, neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, felt at the back of the thigh and sometimes running down the calf of the leg. scilla (sil'ah) [G. skilla.] (U S., Br.) Squill, squills the bulb of Urginea maritima, sea-onion, a bul- bous plant of the eastern Mediterranean shores ; stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic, employed in bronchitis and cardiac dropsy, in doses of gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3), usually in combination with digitalis. scillain (sil'ah-in). A glucoside from scilla or squill; diuretic in doses of gr. i^tnV {°-°°°(>- o.ooi). scillin (sil'in). A yellow crystalline glucoside from squill ; probably inert. scillipic'iin [L. scilla, squill, -|- G. pikros, bitter.] A bitter yellowish red glucoside from squill, diuretic in doses of gr. ^— i (o . 02—0 . 06) hypoder- mically. scillitin (sill-tin). A brownish amorphous gluco- side from squill, diuretic in doses of gr. j^j-J (0.003-0.015). sciUitox'in, A brown amorphous glucoside from squill, diuretic in doses of gr. ^-yj (o . ooi-o . 002). Scindap'sus. A genus of East Indian climbing plants, some of which have anthelmintic proper- ties. The fruit of S. officinalis is diaphoretic. scintillascope (sin-til'ah-skop) [L. scintilla, spark, + G. skoped, I observe.] Spinthariscope. scintillation (sin-til-a'shim) [L. scintilla, a. spark.] A flashing or sparkling ; a subjective sensation as of sparks or flashes of light. scirrhencanthis (skir(sir)-en-kan'this) [G. skirrhos, a hard tumor, -I- en, in, -I- kanthos, canthus.] An indurated tumor of the lacrymal gland. scirrhoblepharoncus (skir"(sir")o-blef-ar-on'kus) [G. skirrhos, hard, -f- blepharon, eyelid, H- onkos, tumor.] A scirrhous cancer of the eyelid. scirrhoid (skir'(sir')oyd) [G. skirrhos, a hard tumor, + eidos, resemblance.]' Resembling a scirrhous tumor. scirrhoma (skir(sir)-ro'mah) [G. skirrhos, hard, + -oma.] Scirrhus. scirrhophthalmia (skir(sir)-of-tharmJ-ah) [G. skir- rhos, hard, -H ophihalmos, eye.] A scirrhous tumor of the eye. scirrhosarca (skir(sir)-o-sar'kah) [G. skirrhos, hard, + sarx{sark-), flesh.] Sclerema neonatorum. Bcirrhosity (skir(sir)-os'I-tl). A scirrhous state or hardness of a tumor. scirrhous (skir'(sir')us). Hard, relating to a scir- rhus. scirrhus (skir'(sir')us) [G. skirrhos, a hardened tumor.] Scirrhous carcinoma, fibrous cancer, a cancer in which induration has occurred through overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue in the stroma, the opposite of medullary cancer. scission (sish'un) [L. scissio; scindere, to cleave.] Fission. scissiparity (sis-l-par'l-tl) [L. scissio, cleavage, + parere, to bring forth.] Schizogenesis, fissiparity, reproduction by fission. scissor-leg (siz'ur-leg). X-leg, a crossing of the legs due to adduction at both hips. scissors (siz'urs) [L. scissus; scindere, to cut.] An instrument with two blades moving on a pivot, cutting against each other. scissura (sl-su'-rah) [L. scissus; scindere, to cut.] i. A cleft or fissure. 2. A splitting, s. pilo'rum, schizotrichia, a splitting of the ends of the hairs. scissure (sish'ur). Scissura. Sclavo's serum (sklah'vo) [Sclavo, Sienna bacteri- ologist, contemporary.] An antianthrax serum obtained from the blood of the immunized ass. sclera (skle'rah) [G. skleros, hard.] [BNA] Sclerotica, sclerotic coat, white of the eye, a fibrous mem- brane forming the outer envelope of the eye, except for its anterior sixth which is occupied by the cornea. scleradenitis (skler-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. skleros, hard, + aden, gland, H — iiis.] Inflammatory indura- tion of a gland. scle'ral. Relating to the sclera. scleratitis (skler-3.-ti'(te')tis). Scleritis. sclerectasia (skler-ek-ta'zl-ah) [sclera + G. ektasis, an extension.] A protrusion or bulging of the sclera. sclerectoiridectomy (skler-ek"to-ir-i-dek'to-mI) . A combined sclerectomy and iridectomy employed in glaucoma to form a filtering cicatrix. sclerec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] i. Excision of a portion of the sclera. 2. Removal of the fibrous adhesions formed in chronic otitis media. sclere'ma [G. skleros, hard.] Scleroderma, sclero- dermia, dermatosclerosis, chorionitis, hidebound disease, skinbound disease; a hardening of the skin, occurring in patches or generalized, s. adulto'rum, diffuse symmetrical scleroderma, s, neonato'rum, an affection of the skin, usually fatal, occurring in premature infants; it consists in a progressive hardening of the skin, involving the entire body with the possible exception of the ■ chest and abdomen; scirrhosarca. sclerencepha'lia, sclerenceph'aly [G. skleros, hard, + enkephalos, brain.] Sclerosis and shrinkage of the brain substance. sclerenchyma (skler-en'ki-mah) [G. skleros, hard, -I- enchyma, infusion.] The woody fibrous substance in plants, such as forms the outer envelope of a nut. sclererythrin (skler-erl-thrin). A red amorphous powder obtained from ergot; physiologically inert. scleii'asis. 1. Sclerema adultorum, diffuse sym- metrical scleroderma.* ' 2. Sclerosis. sclerin (skle'rin). Rhinosclerin. scleriritomy (skler-i-rit'o-ml) [sclera + iris + G. tome, incision.] The operation of incising the iris and the sclera. scleritis (skle-ri'(re')tis). Inflammation of the sclera. scleroblastema (skle-ro-blas-te'mah) [G. skleros, hard, + blastema, sprout.] The embryonic- tissue entering into the formation of the bones. scleroblastemic (skle-ro-blas-tem'ik). Relating to or derived from the scleroblastema. sclerocat'aract [G. skleros, hard.] A hard cataract. sclerochorioiditis (skle-ro-ko-re-oy-di'(de')tis). In- flammation of the sclerotic and chorioid coats of the eye. s. poste'rior, posterior staphyloma, myopic chorioiditis. scleroconjunc'tiTal. Relating to the sclera and the conjunctiva. sclerocor'nea. The cornea and sclera regarded as forming together one of the coats of the eye. sclerodactyl'ia [G. skleros, hard, + daktylos, finger.]; Scleroderma affecting any of the digits of the hands or feet. scleroderma, sclerodermia (skle-ro-dur'mah, skle- ro-dur'ml-ah) [G. skleros, hard, -1- derma, skin.]' A hardening and thickening of the skin, with loss of elasticity ; sclerema, cir'cumscribed s., morphea. diffuse' symmet'rical s., sclerema adultorum,. SCLERODERMA, SCLERODERMIA 899 SCOLECIFORM scleriasis, ah induration of the skin with stiffening and rigidity, or an edematous infiltration followed by atrophy and rigidity, occurring over large and usually symmetrical areas, s. neonato'ruin, sclerema neonatorum. sclerodermatitis (slcle"ro-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. skleros, hard, + d.erma(dermat-), skin, + -iiis.'\ Inflammatory induration of the skin. sclerodermitis (skle"ro-dur-mi'(me')tis). Scleroder- matitis. sclerogenous (skle-roj'en-us) [G. skleros, hard, + gennao, I produce.] Producing hard or sclerotic tissue ; causing sclerosis. scle'roid [G. skleros, hard, + eidos, resemblance.] Of hard texture, sclerous. scleroiritis (skle-ro-i-ri'(re')tis). Inflammation of both sclera and iris. sclerokeratitis (skle-ro-ker-a-ti'(te')tis) [G. skleros, hard, + keras, horn.] Inflammatory cellular infiltration of the sclera and cornea. sclerokeratoiritis (skle-ro-ker"a-to-i-ri'(re')tis.] In- flammation of sclera, cornea, and iris. sclero'ma [G. skleros, hard, + -oma.'] A circum- scribed indurated area of granulation tissue in the skin or mucous membrane, respi'ratory s., rhinoscleroma in which the lesion involves the mucous membrane of the greater part or all of the upper respiratory tract. sclerome'ninx [G. skleros, hard, -I- meninx, mem- brane.] Dura mater, pachymeninx. scleromere (skle'ro-mer) [G. skleros, hard, -|- meros, part.] Any metamere of the skeleton, such as a vertebral segment. sclerom'eter [G. skleros, hard, -I- meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the density or hardness of any substance. scleromu'cin. A substance obtained from ergot, said to be similar to or identical with sclerotic acid. scleronychia (skle-ro-nikl-ah) [G. skleros, hard, -I- onyx{onych-), nail.] Induration and thickening of the nails. scleronyx'is [sclera + G. nyxis, a pricking.] Punc- ture of the sclera ; specifically operative puncture with a. view to couching or needling the lens in cataract. sclero-o3phoritis (skle-ro-o-6-for-i'(e')tis). Sclero- oothecitis. sclero-oothecitis (skle-ro-o-6-the-si'(se')tis) [G. skleros, hard, -1- doiheke, ovary, + -iiis.l Inflam- matory induration of the ovary. sclerophthal'mia [G. skleros, hard, + opihalmos, eye.] A congenital condition in which the opac- ity of the sclera has advanced over the edge of the cornea so that only a small central area of the latter remains transparent; it may be tmilateral, one-half of the cornea being normal. scleroprotein (skle-ro-pro'te-in) [G. skleros, hard.] Albuminoid; one of a group of nitrogenous bodies, resembling proteins yet differing from them in solubility and in not being utilizable in nutrition, present in the connective and skeletal tissues of the body; gelatin, keratin, and elastin are sclero- proteins. Isclero'sal. Sclerous. sclerosarco'ma [G. skleros, hard, -1- sarx(sark-), flesh, -I- -oma.l A fleshy tumor of the gums, a form of epulis. sclerose (skle-ro'z). To harden, to undergo sclerosis. sclerosis (skle-ro'sis) [G. sklerosis, hardness.] In- duration or hardening of chronic inflammatory origin; especially induration of nervous^ and other structures by a hyperplasia of the interstitial fibrous connective tissue, amyotroph'ic lat'eral s., a form of progressive muscular atrophy with increased reflexes and spastic irritability of the muscles, arte'rial s., arteriosclerosis. arteriocap'illary s,, arteriosclerosis, especially of the finer vessels, bone s., eburnation. com- bined s., a form of sclerosis of the spinal cord involving both posterior and lateral columns, dissem'inated s., multiple s. focal s., multiple H. iu'sular s., multiple s. lat'eral spi'nal s., spastic spinal paralysis, lobar s., s. of the brain involving the greater part or all of a lobe, mul'- tiple s., the occurrence of patches of sclerosis in the brain and spinal cord, causing more or less paralysis, tremor, nystagmus, disturbances of speech, and apoplectiform attacks, the various symptoms depending upon the seat of the lesions; it occurs chiefly in early adult life. poste'rioT s., tabes dorsalis. poste'rior spi'nal s., tabes dorsalis. s. ventric'uli, sclerotic gastritis unicel'lular s., a growth of fibrous tissue between and isolating the individual cells of a part, vas'- cular s., arteriosclerosis. scleroskereton. Parts formed by ossification of fibrous structures, such as fascia, ligaments, and tendons ; the sesamoid bones are ' parts of the scleroskeleton , sclerosteno'sis [G. skleros, hard, + stenosis, a nar- rowing.] Induration and contraction of the tis- sues, s. cuta'nea, sclerema. Scleros'toma [G. skleros, hard, -I- stoma, mouth-] A genus of nematode worms, mostly parasitic. S. duodena 'le, Ankylosioma duodenale. S. syn'ga- mus, Syngamus tracheale. scle'rothrix [G. skleros, hard, + thrix, hair.] Indu- ration and brittleness of the hair. sclerot'ic. i. Relating to sclerosis. 2. The sclera of the eye. 3. Relating to ergot, s. acid, sclerotinic acid, an amorphous brown powder, obtained from ergot; hemostatic and oxytocic in dose of gr. i (0.06), s. coat, sclerotica, sclera.* s. teeth, teeth which are hard, yellowish in color, and comparatively immune to caries. sclerot'ica [NL. scleroticus, hard, sc. tunica, coat.] Sclera [BNA]. scleroticec'tomy [sclerotica + G. ektome, excision.] Sclerectomy (i). scleroticochorioiditis (skle-rot"I-ko-ko-rI-oy-di'(de')- tis). Inflammation of the sclerotic and chorioid coats of the eye. scleroticonyx'is. Scleronyxis. sclerof'icopunc'ture. Scleronyxis scleroticot'omy. Sclerotomy. sclerotitis (skle-ro-ti'(te')tis). l. Scleritis. 2. Oto- sclerosis. sclerotium (skle-ro'shyum) [G. sklerotes, hardness.] A hard compact substance formed of mycelia and reserved food material, representing the resting stage of certain fungi ; that of Claviceps purpurea is the ergot of rye. Ecle'rotome [sclera + G. tomos, cutting.] i. A knife used in sclerotomy. 2. A segment of the skeleton derived from a mesodermal somite. sclerot'omy [sclera + G. tome, incision.] An incision through the sclerotic coat of the eye. ante'rior s., incision into the anterior chamber of the eye. poste'rior s., incision through the sclera into the vitreous humor. sclerotrichia (skle-ro-trikl-ah) [G. skleros, hard, + ihrixitrich-), hair.] Sclerothrix. scoleciasis (sko-le-si'a-sis) [G. skolex (skolec-), worm, + -iasis.] Infection of the alimentary tract by lepidopterous insects. scoleciform (sko-le's!-form) [G. skolex, worm -\- L. forma, form.] Scolecoid, vermiform. SCOLECITIS 900 SCOTOMA scolecitis (sko-le-si'(se')tis) [G. skdlex(skdlec-), worm, +-itis.'] Inflammation of the venniform ap- pendix. sco'lecoid [G. skolex, worm, + eidos, appearance.] I. Worm-lilce; vermiform, a. Resembling a soolex, hydatid. scolecoidec'tomy [G. skolekoeides, vermiform, + ekiome, excision.] Removal of the vermiform appendix. £iColecoiditis (sko"le-koy-di'(de')tis) [G. skolekoeides, vermiform, + -itis.] Inflammation of the vermi- form appendix, appendicitis. scolecol'ogy [G. sholexiskolec-), worm, -I- -logia.] Helminthology. scolec'tomy. Scolicoidectomy. sco'lex, pi. scole'ces (not scol'ices) [G. skSlSx, a worm.] The head of the tapeworm by whick it is attached to the wall of the intestine; it is formed in the interior of the daughter cyst of an echinococcus scoliom'eter [G. skolios, curved, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring curves, especially those in lateral curvature of the spine. scoliorachitic (sko"H-o-ra-kit'ik). Noting a spinal curvature due to rickets. Ecoliosiom'etiy [G. skoHosis, curvature, ■+■ ntetron, measure.] An apparatus for measuring a lateral curvature of the spine. jSCOlio'sis [G, skoHosis, a curvature.] Lateral curvature of the spine. There are usually at least two curves in the scoliotic spine; the main or original curve, and a compensatory curve in the other direction, coxit'ic s., s. in the lumbar spine resulting from tilting of the pelvis in a case of hip-disease, empye'mic s., s. due to retraction of one side of the chest following an empyema. habit s., one supposed to be due to habitual standing or sitting in an improper position. myopath'ic s., lateral curvature due to weakness of the spinal muscles, oc'ular s., ophthal'mic s., s. supposed to be due to head-tilting, with the resultant cervical curve, in certain cases of astigmatism, osteopath'ic s., lateral curvature due to vertebral disease, rachit'ic s., o. occurring in rickets, either myopathic or osteopathic sciat'ic s.» lateral curvature in sciatica, in which the primary lumbar curve is toward the affected side, stat'ic s., lateral spinal curvature due to inequality in length of the two legs. scoliot'ic. Relating to or suffering from scoliosis. scoliotone (sko'l!-o-t6n) [G. skolios, crooked, + tonos, a stretching.] An apparatus for stretching the spine and reducng the curve in scoliosis. scom'brin [G. skombros, mackerel.] A protam- ine present in the sperm of the mackerel. scoop [A.S skopa.] A narrow spoon-like instru- ment for extracting the contents of cavities or cysts. scoop'ers' disease'. A form of pneumonoconiosis occurring in the scoopers or shovelers of grain in elevators. sco'parin. A glucoside, CjjHjiOn,, from scoparius, occurring in yellow, tasteless, and odorless crys- tals ; diuretic in doses of gr. 5-10 (o . 3-0 . 6). scopa'rius [L. scopa, a broom.] (N.P.) Scopa'rii cacu'mina [broom tops] (Br,), broom, besom, the dried tops of Cyiisus scoparius, a shrub of Europe and northwestern Asia, containing sparteine; diuretic in cardiac dropsy and chronic Bright's disease in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). scopo'la [after Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian naturalist, 1723-1788.] The dried rhizome and roots of Scopola carniolica, an herb of Austria and neighboring countries of Europe; sedative, employed as an hypnotic in various maniacal conditions in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). s. japon'ica, Japanese belladonna, the root of which is allowable by the Japanese Pharmacopeia as a substitute for belladonna. scopolami'nae hydrobro'midum (U.S.). Scopolamine hydrobromide, the hydrobromide of an alkaloid derived from scopola; it is chemically identical with hyoscinse hydrobromidum, but is claimed by some to be free from the occasional untoward effects of this salt. scopolamine (sko-po'lS.-men) . An alkaloid from scopola employed in the form of scopolaminae* hydrobromidum. s. sta'ble, scopomannit. scopoleine (sko-po'le-en). An alkaloid from scopola possessing mydriatic properties. scopo'lia. Scopola. scopomannit (sko-po-man'it). Scopolamine sta^* ble, trade name of an aqueous solution of scopo- 1 amine hydrobromide with 10 per cent, of man- nite added as a preservative. scopomor'phinism. Associated chronic addiction to scopolamine and morphine. scopopho'bia [G. skoped, I view, + phobos, fear.] An insane dread of being looked at. scoracratia (skor-3,-kra'shiah). Scatacratia. scorbu'tic. Relating to or suffering from scorbutus or scurvy. scorbu'tus [Latinized form of the Teutonic word for scurvy, schorbuyck.'] Scurvy. scordine'ma [G. yawning.] Heaviness of the head with yawning and stretching, occurring as a prodrome of an infectious disease. scoretemia, scoreteemia (skor-§-te'mI-ah) [G. skor, dung, or skoria, refuse.] Scatemia. scotodinia (sko-to-din'i-ah) [G. skotos, darkness, + dine, a whirling.] Vertigo, faintness. sco'tograph [G. skotos, darkness, + grapho, I write.] I. An appliance for aiding one to write in straight lines in the dark or to aid the blind to write. 2. An impression made on a photographic plate by a radioactive substance without the intervention of any opaque object other than the screen of the plate. scotog'raphy. . Skiagraphy. scotoma, pi. scoto'mata (sko-to'mah) [G. skotoma, darkness.] A spot of varying size and shape, within the visual field, in which there is no vision, ann'ular s., ring s., a circular blank area surrounding the center of the field of vision, cen'tral s., absence of vision at the point of fixation on the retina, color s., a patch of color-blindness in the visual field. flitter'ing s., scintillating s. in'sular s., a. small spot of blindness surrounded by an area of good vision, neg'ative s., one .which is not ordinarily perceived, but is detected only on examination of the entire visual field, paracen'- tral s., one which is only partly central, the fixa- tion point not being entirely obscured, per- Iph'eral s., a spot where vision' is absent anywhere within the field of vision outside of the point of fixation, physiolog'ical s., blind-spot, the point on the retina where the optic nerve enters, pos'i- tive s., one which is perceived subjectively as a black spot within the field of vision, rel'ative s., one in which vision is impaired but not entirely destroyed, ring s., annular s. scin'tillating s., fortification-spectrum, teichopsia; the appear- ance of a dark patch with bright zigzag outline in the visual field of one or both eyes; it is usually of short duration and is indicative of eye- strain or follows intense mental or physical labor. SCOTOMAGRAPH QOI SCULTET'S BANDAGE scoto'magraph [s.cotoma + G. grapho, I write.] An instrument for automatically recording the size and shape of a scotoma. scoto'matous. Relating to scotoma. scotom'eter. An instrument for measuring the size of a scotoma. scotos'copy [G skoios, darkness, + skoped, I view.] Skiascopy. Scott's dressing. Unguentum hydrargyri com- positum. screatus (skre-a'tus) [L.] Hawking. screen [Fr. icran^l i. A thin sheet of any substance used to shield an object from any influence, such as heat, light, a;-rays, etc. .i. A sheet upon which a picture is projected, fluores'cent s., a s. coated with crystals of calcium tungstate used in the fluoroscope. screw -joint (skru'-joynt) . Articulatio cochlearis. screw-worm. The larva of the blue-bottle fly. Lucilia macellaria, Compsomyia macellaria, which sometimes hatches out from eggs deposited in the skin, nasal cavities, or external auditory canal, causing great distress and often serious patho- logical changes (myiasis). scriv'ener's palsy. Writer's cramp. scrobic'ulate (L. scrobiculus; dim. of scrobis, a trench.] Pitted, marked with minute depres- sions. scrobic'ulus cor'dis [L. pit or fossa of the heart.] The pit of the stomach; the point, normally a slight depression, just below the lower end of the sternum, precordial depression, infrastemal de- pression. scrofula [L. dim of scrofa, an old sow.] A consti- tutional state, occurring in the young, marked by a lack of resisting power of the tissues, predis- posing to tuberculosis; lymphatism is. present and there is a proneness to eczematous eruptions, ulceration, glandular swellings, respiratory catarrhs, and granular lids; tuberculosis of the glands, bones, or joints is conunon. Two types are recognized: the lymphatic or phlegmatic, in which there is a tendency to fat with a coarse muddy complexion, thick lips, coarse hair, and stolidity of expression; and the sanguine, in which the skin is clear, changing readily from pale to pink, the eyes blue, and the hair fine and silky, with spareness of figure, vivacity, and mental activity. scrof'ulide. A scrofulous skin lesion, scrofuloderma. scrofuloderm, scrofuloderma (skrof'u-lo-durm, skrof" u-lo-dur'mah) [scrofula + G. derma, skin.] Scrofiilide, any scrofulous skin disease, pap'- ular s., lichen scrofulosorum. pus'tular s., acne agminata, foUiclis. tuber'culous s., granu- loma, a granulating ulcer surrounding the orifice of a sinus leading down to a tuberculous gland or focus of bone tuberculosis, ul'cerative s., tuberculous s. verr'ucous s., a warty lupoid growth, scrofulophyma. scrofulophy'ma [scrofula -f- G. phyma, a growth.] Verrucous scrofuloderm.* scrofulo'sis. Scrofula. scrof'ulotuberculo'sis. Tuberculous scrofuloderma. scrofulous. Relating to or suffering from scrofula. scroll-bone. Turbinated bone. scroll-ear. A deformity of the external ear in which the pinna is rolled forward. scrophula'ria. The leaves and flowering tops and the root of Scrophularia nodosa, figwort, pilewort ; diuretic and alterative, employed in domestic medicine in the treatment of scrofula and vari- ous skin diseases, in doses of 5i-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluidextract. scro'tal. Relating to the scrotum, s. tongue, furrowed tongue. scrotitis (skro-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the scrotum. scrotocele (skro'to-sel) [scrotum + G. kele, hernia.] Scrotal hernia. scro'tum [L. supposedly a transposition of scortum,, a hide, skin.] A musculocutaneous sac con- taining the testes ; it is formed of skin, containing a network of nonstriated muscidar fibers (the dartos), cremasteric fascia, cremaster muscle, and the serous coverings of the testes and epididy- mides, lymph s., stasis of the scrotal lymphatics, elephantiasis of the scrotum. blood in, hematoscheocele, oschematedema. calculus, oscheolith. dropsy, hydroscheocele, oscheohydrocele, oschedema. hernia in, oscheocele, scrotocele. in- flammation, oscheitis, oschitis, scrotitis. plastic surgery, oscheoplasty. pus in, oscheopyedema, empy- ocele. swelling, oscheoncus. tumor, oscheoma, os- cheoncus, oscheophyma, oscheochalasis; oscheocarci- noma, chimney-sweep's cancer; hematoscheocele, varicocele, empyocele, hydrocele; oschelephantiasis. scrufi of the neck. Nucha, nape. scruple (skru'pl) [L. scrupulus, dim. of scrupus, a sharp stone.] An apothecaries' weight of twenty grains or one- third of a dram; symbol, 3. g IF Bandage op Scultetus, AND ITS Application TO THE Leg. Scultet's' or Sculte'tus's ban'dage [Johann Scultet, originally Schulies, surgeon of Ulm in Swabia, 1595— 1645.] An apparatus for fractures, espe- cially compound fractures, of the lower extremity; it consists of a-" guttered wooden splint on which are laid overlapping strips of bandage, ij times the length of the circumference of the limb; the ^ ^r^^ ^^E ^^^^^m fj ij^^M^^ m ^^ Sm ^ ^^^^ij^^^ '!^B 'JS ^GzI^tM ScuLTETUs's Position. (Landouzy and Jayle.t leg is then placed on the splint and the strips are applied over it so as to enwrap it and retain the dressings. S.'s posi'tion, a position of the patient on an inclined plane with head low, recommended by S. for herniotomy and cas- tration ; see cut below. SCUM 902 SECODONT scum. Epistasis, a film of insoluble material which rises to the surface of a liquid; that which sinks to the bottom of a liquid is the sediment or hypostasis. scurf [A.S.] Dandruff; branny desquamation. scurf'skin. Scarfskin, epidermis. Bcur'vy [derivation uncertain.] A disease marked by inanition, debility, anemia, edema of the dependent parts, a spongy condition, sometimes with ulceration, of the gums, and hemorrhages into the skin and from the mucous membranes; the etiology of the disease is not definitely es- tablished, but it is believed to be due to a monotonous diet of salt meats or an absence of fresh vegetables or vegetable or fruit acids, or not improbably to ptomaines developed in the preserved food. Alpine s., pellagra, butt'on s., see button, in'fantile s., Barlow's disease. Holler's disease, Cheadle's disease, acute rickets; a cachectic condition, resulting from the use of improper food, in infants; marked by pallor, fetid breath, coated tongue, diarrhea, and sub- periosteal hemorrhages, land s., purpura hsemor- rhagica. sea s., scurvy. scur'vy-grass. Cochlearia officinalis, a cress used as a salad and as a remedy for scurvy. scu'tate. Relating to a scute; scutular. scute [L. scutum, shield.] A thin lamina or plate, squama, tympan'ic s., the thin bony plate separating the attic of the tympanum from the mastoid cells. Scutellaria (sku-tS-la'rl-ah) [L. scuiella, a dish.] (N.F.) The dried entire plant, Scutellaria laierifolia, blue pimpernel, a wild flower common in marshy regions of North America; alleged to be antispasmodic and sedative in doses of gr. 15- 30 (1.0-2.0). scutell'arin. A bitter crystalline glucoside from Scutellaria. scutellum (sku-tel'lum) [L. dim. of scutum, shield.] In botany: i. A broad cotyledon, in grasses, covering the albuminous seed. 2. A flattened apothecium rimmed by the thallus. scu'tiform [L. scutum, shield, + forma, form.] Shield-shaped, thyroid; scutate. scu'tular. Relating to a scutulum. scu'tulum [L^ dim. of scutum, shield.] i. A yel- low saucer-shaped crust, the characteristic lesion of favus. 2. Scapula. scu'tum [L. shield.] i. A scute. 2. The thyroid gland. 3. The patella, s. pec'toris, sternum. scybala (sib'S-lah). Plural of scybalum. scybalous (sib'S-lus) Relating to scybala. scybalum (sib'S-lum) [G. skybalon, excrement.] A hard round mass of inspissated feces. scyphifonn (si'fl-form) [G. skyphos, goblet, cup, + L. forma, form.] Scyphoid. sc}rphoid (sif'oyd) [G. skypha, cup, + eidos, resem- blance.] Cup-shaped. scythropasmus (sith-ro-paz'mus) [G. skythrdpas- mos, sadness of countenance.] An expression of exhaustion or dulness, regarded as a bad prog- nostic sign in fevers. scytitis (si-ti'(te')tis) [G. skytos, skin, + -iiis,} Dermatitis. scytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'mah) [G. skytos, skin, + blastema, sprout.] The cuticular membrane of the embryo. Scytone'ma [G. skytos, skin, + nema, thread.] A genus of algee, composed of branching filaments. Se. Chemical symbol of seleniu}n. seal-fln defor'mity. Deflection outward of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis. seam'stress's cramp. An occupation neurosis, simi- lar to writer's cramp, occurring in needle-women. Bearch'er. A form of sound used to determine the presence of a calcvilus in the bladder. sea'sickness. A disorder of uncertain nature, affecting travelers by sea, characterized by head- ache, giddiness, nausea, and vomiting, and usually an abnormal drowsiness. sea'-tangle. Laminaria, a form of seaweed, the dried stem of which was formerly much employed as a surgical tent. sea-tent. Sea-tangle. seat-worm. Pin-worm, oxyuris.* sea-water treat'ment. See marine serum* seba'ceous. Relating to sebum ; oily, fatty, s. cyst. a distended s. foUiele. s. crypt, s. gland, s. folli- cle, s. gland, s. gland, one of the racemose glands of the skin situated in the corium, usually, though not always, in relation with the hair-folli- cles; they secrete sebum. sebiagogic (seb-i-i-goj'ik) [L. sebum + G. agogos, leading.] Sebiferous. sebif'erous [L. sebum, suet, + ferre, to bear.] Pro- ducing fatty or sebaceous matter, sebaceous, sebiparous. sebip'arous [L. sebum, suet, -I- parere, to produce.] Sebiferous. seb'olith [L. sebum, suet, + G. lithos, stone.] A concretion in a sebaceous follicle. seborrhagia (seb-6-ra'jI-ah) [L. sebum, tallow, -)- -rhagia.} Steatorrhea, seborrhea. seborrhe'a, seborrhoe'a [L. sebum, taUow, -I- G rhoia, a flow.] Steatorrhea, overaction of the sebaceous glands, s. adipo'sa, s. oleosa, s. capil- lit'ii, s. cap'itis, s. of the scalp, s. congesti'va, lupus erythematosus, s. cor'poris, dermatitis seborrhceica. s. facie'i, s. of the face, s. oleosa affecting especially the nose and forehead, s. furf ura'cea, s. sicca (i) , dandruff, s. nigra, a form characterized by a pigmented secretion, s. oleo'sa a greasy condition of the skin due to a thin oily secretion of the sebaceous glands, s. seni'lis, . keratosis senilis, s. sicca [L. siccus, dry], (i) an accumulation on the skin, especially the scalp of greasy scales or crusts due to overaction of the sebaceous glands; (2) dermatitis seborrhoeica. s squamo'sa neonato'rum, ichthyosis sebacea. seborrheal (seb-6-re'al). Relating to or character- ized by seborrhea. seborrhe'ic. Seborrheal seborrheic (seb-or-ro'ik) . Seborrheic, seborrheal. se'bum [L. taUow.] The secretion of the sebaceous glands, s. cuta'neum [BNA], cutaneous fatty secretion, s. palpebra'le [BNA], lema. secre- tion of the Meibomian glands, s. prceputia'le [BNA], smegma, secretion of Tyson's glands, s. ovi'le, sevum prasparatum. Seca'le. A genus of grasses of the family Gram- inea. S. cerea'le, rye. S. clava'tum, S. cor- nu'tum, ergot of rye, ergota.* secaline (sek'a-len). A crystalline alkaloid, C15H55- NjOi.,, obtained from ergot; without physiological action. sec"alintox'in. A compound of sphacelotoxin and secaline, obtained from ergot. sec'alose. A carbohydrate or sugar from rye. secernent (se-sur'nent) [L. secernens; secernere, to separate.] i. Secreting, li. A secreting organ. Sechenoff's center (se-cha'nof). [Ivan Sechenoff, Russian neurologist, 19th century.] A center in the brain inhibiting reflex movements. secodont (sek'o-dont) [L. secare, to cut, + odous (odont-), tooth.] Noting an animal in which the tubercles of the molar teeth have cutting edges. SECOND 903 SEELIGMUELLER'S SIGN sec'ond [L. secundus."] Following the first in any order or series, s. inten'tion, see intention, s. nerve, nervus opticus, s. sight, a condition due to alteration in the refractive power of the lens, in beginning cataract, causing myopia, so that reading becomes possible again without glasses. sec'ondaries. The lesions of secondary syphilis.* sec'ondaiy. 1. Occupying the second place, occur- ring after the first, subordinate. 2. One of the symptoms of syphilis following the development of the chancre, s. syphilis, see syphilis. secre'ta [L. neuter pi. of secretus, secreted.] Secre- tions, the products of secretion. secretagogue (se-kre'tS-gog) [L. secreta, secretions, + G. agogos, drawing, forth.] i. Causing secretion. z. An agent which stimulates the secreting or- gans. secrete (se-kref) [L. secretus; secemere, to separate.] To elaborate or produce a substance from the blood, the sap of plants, or other material not previously containing it. secre'tine. A hormone, formed by the epithelial cells of the duodenum under the stimulus of acid contents from the stomach, the ofBce of which is to incite pancreatic secretion, gas'tric »., gastrine. secre'tion [L. secemere (pp. secreius')^ to separate, divide off.] i. The production by a cell or aggregation of cells (a gland) of some substance differing in chemical and physical properties from the body from which or by which it is produced. 2. The product, solid, liquid, or gaseous, of cellular or glandular activity. A secretion is stored up in or utilized by the animal or plant in which it is produced, thereby differing from an excretion which is intended to be expelled from the body, inter'nal s., an endocrine, an autacoid, the product of one of the so-called en- docrine glands which is not discharged externally but is taken up directly into the blood; see chalone and hormone. secre"todermato'sis. A skin disease characterized by disordered secretion. secretogogue (se-kre'to-gog) [L. secretum^ secretion, -t- G. agogos, leading.] An agent, speoificially a hormone, which promotes secretion. secretomotor, secretomotory (se-kre"to-mo'tor, se- kre"to-mo'tor-J). Stimulating secretion. secre'tory. Relating to secretion or the secretions. sectile (sek'til) [L. sertilis; serare, to cut.] i. Cap- able of being cut or divided. 2. Having the appearance of being divided. sectio (sek'shyo) [L.] Section, s. agrippi'na, s. caesarea. s. alta, the high operation for stone, suprapubic lithotomy or cystotomy, s. cadav'- eris, autopsy, post-mortem examination, s. ■ cassa'rea, cesarean section.* h, latera'lis, lateral lithotomy, s. media'na, median lithotomy. section (sek'shun) [L. sectio; secare, to cut.] i. The act of cutting. 2. A cut or division. 3. A cut surface. 4. A thin slice of any material for ex- amination under the microscope. J. A segment or part of any organ or structure delimited from the remainder, abdom'inal s., celiotomy, laparot- omy, cesa'rean s., hysterotomy, the delivery of a fetus by incision into the uterus; the incision may be made through the abdominal wall {ab- dominal cesarean section) or through the vagina (paginal cesarean section). microscop'ical s., section (4). perin'eal s., any section through the perineum, either lateral or median lithotomy or external urethrotomy, se'rial s., one of a number of consective microscopical sections of the spinal cord or other structure for the purpose of a histological study of the part. Sigaultian s. (se-go'shyan) [see Sigaid(\, symphyseotomy. sectorial (sek-to'ri-al) [L. sector, cutter.] Cut- ting, noting molar and premolar teeth of the carnivora. secundffl viss (se-kun'de vi'e) [L. secandus, second, + via, a way.] The second channels for the pas- sage of nutriment into the body, the lacteal and blood-vessels; see prima vice, under via. secun"digTav'ida [L. secundus, second + gravida, pregnant.] A woman in her second pregnancy. secundi'na [L. fem. of secundinus; secundus, second, agreeing with tunica, coat, understood.] The afterbirth, usually in plural secundi'ntz. s. cer'e- bri, the combined pia and arachnoid membranes, s. oc'uli, the vascular layer of the chorioid coat of the eye. s. u'teri, the chorion. sec'undine [L. secundus, second.] In botany, the envelope of the ovule next to the nucellus. secundines (sek'un-denz) [L. secundince.] The after- birth, the membranes and placenta, the expulsion of which, following the birth of the child, consti- tutes the third stage of labor. secundip'ara [L. secundus, second, -t- parere, to give birth.] A woman who has borne two children at different labors. secundlpar'ity. The state of being a secundipara. secun'dum artem [L.] According to art, by rule, in an approved way. sed'atin. Valerydin, valerylphenetidin, occurring in tasteless, odorless crystals ; employed as a sedative in nervous affections in doses of gr. 8—15 (o. 5—1.0). sed'atine. Antipyrine. seda'tion [L. sedare, to allay.] The act of calming; the state of being calm. sed'ative [L. sedare, to allay.] i. Calming, quieting 2 . An agent which quiets nervous excitement ; the sedatives are designated, according to the part or the organ upon which their specific action is exerted, cardiac, cerebral, nervous, respiratory, spinal, etc. sed'entaiy [L. sedere, to sit.] i. Sitting, relating to the sitting posture, .i. Physically inactive. sed'iment [L. sedimentum; sedere, to settle.] Hypo- stasis, insoluble material which sinks to the bottom of a liquid; that which rises to the surface is called epistasis or scum. sedimenta'tion. The formation of a sediment, s. test, (i) agglutination test, Widal's test (in the case of typhoid fever) ; (2) the employment in gastric roentgenology of a non-suspended mixture of a, contrast salt, such as barium or bismuth, in water; the salt sediments rapidly and can be spread over all parts of the stomach wall, thus giving information as to shape and movement of the organ, and also bringing into view lesions on the anterior or posterior wall invisible when the stomach is full. sed'imentator. A centrifugal machine for separat- ing the insoluble matter suspended in a liquid. sedimen'tum. Sediment, s. laterit'imn, brick- dust* deposit. Sed'litz pow'der. Seidlitz* powder. seed [A.S. sixd^ i. The reproductive body of a flowering plant, the mature ovule. 2. In bac- teriology, to inoculate a culture medium with microorganisms. seed'y-toe. A disease of the hoof of a horse con- sisting in separation of the outer wall, or crust, from the inner layer of soft horn derived from the laminae; it affects the quarters most fre- quently. Seeligmueller's sign (za'likh-mu-ler) [Otto Ludwig Gustav Adolf Seeligmueller, German neurologist, SEELIGMUELLER'S SIGN 904 SELF-FERTILIZATION 1837-1912.] Contraction of the pupil on the affected side in facial neuralgia. Seessel's pock'et or pouch (za'sel) [A. Seessel, German embryologist, 19th century.] An ento- dermic pouch in the buccopharyngeal membrane of the embryo. Sfiglas type (sa-glah') [Jules Siglas, Parisian physi- cian, *i856.] The so-called psychomotor type of paranoia. Beg'ment [L. segmenium; secare, to cut.] i. A section, a part of an organ or other structure delimited naturally, artificially, or in the imagi- nation from the remainder. 2. Metamere. 3. To reproduce by budding. 4. To divide and redivide into minute equal parts, interann'ular 6., the portion of a nerve-fiber between two successive nodes of Ranvier. lower u'terine s., the inferior portion of the uterus which must be dilated in order to allow of the expulsion of the fetus in parturition, prim'itive s., somite, b. o the spi'nal cord, a portion of the spinal cord corresponding to the line of attachment of one pair of spinal nerves, upper u'terine s., the main portion of the body of the gravid uterus, the contraction of which furnishes the chief force of expulsion in labor. segmen'tal. Relating to a segment. segmenta'tion. i . Dividing into segments ; the state of being divided into segments. 2. The process of development of the impregnated ovum. segmenta'tion-cav'ity. Blastoocele, the cavity formed in the segmentation sphere, by invagi- nation into which the gastrula is formed. segmenta'tion-nu'cleus. The compound nucleus in the impregnated ovum, formed by the conjuga- tion of the nuclei of the germ-cell and of the sperm-cell, or the female and the male pronucleus. segmenta'tion-sphere. Morula, blastosphere. seg'menting body. Schizont. segregation (seg-re-ga'shun) [L. segregare, to sepa- rate.] I. Separation; removal of certain parts from a mass. 2. The separation of the domi- nant and recessive characters in the offspring of hybrids, law of s., see law. se^'regator [L. segregare, to separate.] A separator, a device by means of which the portions of urine entering the bladder from the two ureters are collected separately without being allowed to mingle; see Cathelin, Downes, Harris, Luys, Seidelin bod'ies (si'de-lin) [Harald Seidelin, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, contem- porary.] Paraplasma flavigenum, an organism described by Seidelin as parasitic in the ery- throcytes in yellow fever, and believed by him to be the cause of that disease. Seidlitz pow'der (sed'hts, Ger. zldlits) [Seidlitz, a. mineral spring in Bohemia.] Pulvis effervescens compositus. Seigler's Springs, California. There are about twenty springs among which are the " Soda Spring," alkaline and carbonated, the " Magnesia Spring," containing Epsom salt and carbonated, the " Arsenic Spring," 96° F., and the " Sulphur Spring." Used by drinking and bathing in Bright's disease, bladder troubles, constipation, skin diseases, syphilis, scrofula, rheumatism, and affections of the liver and lungs. Seignette's salt (sayn-yef) [Pierre Seignette, apothecary in Rochelle, Prance, 1660-1719.] Rochelle salt, potassium and sodium tartrate. seismotherapy (siz-mo-ther'S-pI). Sismotherapy. seizure (se'zhflr). An attack, the sudden onset of a disease or of certain symptoms, such as con- vulsions, psy'chic s., psycholepsy, an attack of morbid sensations, such as fulness in the head, vertigo, palpitation, etc., with temporary dis- turbance of consciousness, not amounting to unconsciousness. sejunc'tion [L. sejungere, to disjoin.] A separation ; a breaking of continuity in the mental processes resulting in a loss of personality. selec'tion [L. seligere, to choose.] i. In biology, the preservation of the lives of certain individuals and the destruction of those of others, in con- sequence of which the character of the race tends to change. 2. In life insurance, the choice among the applicants for insurance of those to whom policies may be issued, adverse' s., s. against the company, the lapse of policies on the lives of young and healthy men with the con- tinuance of those on the lives of the aged and in- valids, artific'ial s., interference by man with natural s., whereby a variety of animal (horse, dog, chicken, pigeon, etc.) is produced having special characteristics making for beauty, utility, or bizarrerie. zned'ical s., (i) in sociology, the preservation, by medical care and treatment, of the weak and unfit, whereby the race tends to degenerate; (2) in life insurance, selection based upon the results of a physical examination of the applicants, those found not to come up to the standard being rejected; the effect of this medical selection lasts only for five or ten years, the proportion of good, 'bad, and indifferent risks becoming ultimately the same as the pro- portions in a mass of non-select lives, since some fall into bad health, others are in indifferent health, and others still continue to be up to the medical standard at the time of selection. nat'ural s., the elimination of the weak and unfit through the action of natural laws, whereby the race tends to grow stronger; opposed to artificial s. on the one side and medical s. on the other, self-s., s. against the company, the »., unconscious or intentional, made by the applicant for insurance, of the form of policy ; the rate of mortality among those taking out a term policy, the premium for which is comparatively low, is higher than among those taking out an endowment policy, the premium for which is comparatively high; in other words, the rule appears to be : the smaller the premium the higher the mortality, s. against the com'pany, adverse s., self-s. selene unguium (se-le'ne ung'gwi-um) [G. selenS, moon; L. unguis, nail.] The white of the nails, lunula.* sel'enin [G. selene, the moon.] An antiserum pre- pared by Klebs from cultures of Diplococcus semilunaris, employed in the treatment of the mixed infection in tuberculosis. seleniovanadic ointment (sS-le"rf-o-van-ad'ik oynt'ment). Trade name of a, preparation of selenium and vanadium recommended as an application for the relief of pain in malignant disease. sele'nium [G. selene, moon.] A metallic element, symbol Se, atomic weight 79.2, having some chemical similarity to sulphur. selenodont (sS-Ie'no-dont) [G. selene, moon, -f- odous ipdont-), tooth.] Noting an animal, or man, having teeth, as the human molars, with longitudinal crescent-shaped ridges. self -abuse (self-S-bus'). Masturbation. self-diges'tion. Autodigestion. self-fertilization (self-fur-til-i-za'shun). The fecun- dation of the ovules by the pollen of the same flower; or of the ova by the spermatozoa of the same animal, in hermaphrodite forms. SELF-INFECTION 90s SEMITENDINOUS self-infec'tion. Autoinfection. self-Um'ited. Noting a disease which tends to cease after a definite period, as a result of its own processes; pneumonia is a typical example of a self-limited disease. self-poi'soning. Autointoxication. self-pollu'tion. Masturbation. seU-selec'tion. See under selection. self-suspen'sion. Stretching, or straightening of the spinal column by means of extension effected by the patient himself. Selivanoff^s test (sel-i-vah'nof) [Peodor Selivanoff, Russian' chemist, *i8s9.] To 10 c.c. of urine are added 10 c.c. of hydrochloric acid and some crystals of resorcin; if levulose is present warming the mixture produces a. brilliant red color, glucose producing no color. sell'anders. Psoriasis or eczema at the bend of the hock in a horse. sel'la tur'cica [L. Turkish saddle.] A saddle-like prominence on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, situated in the middle cranial fossa and dividing it into two halves. The posterior part, dorsum sellae [back of the saddle] is the highest; in front of this is the hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa, and in front of that the tuberculum sellae or pommel of the saddle (olivary eminence). Sel'ters or Selt'zer water [Nieder Sellers, a mineral spring in Prussia.] A mineral water containing carbonates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium, and chloride of sodium. See Nieder* Sellers. semeiog'raphy. Semiography. semeiorogy. Semiology, symptomatology.* semeiot'ic. Semiotic. semelincident (sem"el-in'si-dent) [L. semel, once, incidere, to happen.] Happening once only, said of an infectious disease, one attack of which con- fers permanent immunity. se'men [L. seed.] i. Seminal fluid, sperm; a thick, yellowish white, viscid fluid containing spermato- zoa ; it is a mixture of the secretions of the testi- cles, vesiculae seminales, prostate, and Cowper's glands. 2. A seed. s. cinse, santonica. s. con- tra, santonica. s. lini, linseed, s. sanctum, san- tonica. semenuria (se"men-u'ri-ah). Seminuria, sperma- turia.* semi- [L. semis, half.] A prefix denoting one-half or partly; used with words derived from Latin roots; the corresponding Greek prefix is hemi-. semicanalis (sem-I-kan-al'is) [L. semi-, half, -1- canalis, canal.] Semicanal, a half canal; one of the two parts into which the canalis musculo- tubarius is divided by the cochleariform process, s. mus'culi tensor'is tym'pani [BNA], semicanal of the tensor muscle of the tympanum, the division of the canalis musculotubarius containing the tensor tympani muscle, s. tu'bse auditi'vae [BNA], semicanal of the auditory tube, the division of the canalis musculotubarius which forms the bony part of the Eustachian tube. semicartilaginous (sem"i-kar-tJ-laj'in-us). C o m - posed partly of cartilage. semicircular (sem-I-sur'ku-lar). Forming a half- circle or an incomplete circle, s. canal, ductus semicircularis. semico'ma. A mild degree of coma from which it is possible to arouse the patient. semico'matose. In a condition of unconsciousness from which one can be aroused. semicre'tinism. A mild degree of cretinism, in which there is imbecility rather than idiocy. semicrista (sem-i-kris'tah) [L. semi-, half, + crista, crest.] A small or imperfect ridge or crest, s. incisi'va, nasal crest, crista nasalis. semidecussa'tlon. Incomplete decussation such as occurs in the optic chiasm. sem"ldiagrammat'ic. Not wholly a copy of nature, noting an illustration in which some special point is emphasized by the omission of certain unessen- tial or irrelevant details. semiflez'ion. The position of a joint or segment of a limb midway between extension and flexion. semilu'nar [L. semi-, half-, + luna, moon.] Half- moon shaped, crescentic. s. bone, os lunatum [BNA]. s. car'tilages, two interarticular fibro- cartilages of the knee-joint, meniscus lateralis and meniscus medialis [BNA]. semilunare (sem-i-lu-nah'ra) . Os lunatum. semiluxa'tion. A partial dislocation, subluxation. sein"iinembrano'sus. See under musculus. semimemlbranous. Consisting partly of membrane, noting the musculus semimembranosus.- sem'inal. Relating to the semen, s. cap'sule, ves- icula seminalis. s. cyst, a cyst of the testicle, s. flu'id, semen (i). s. lake, the vault of the va- gina after insemination, s. ves'icle, vesicula semi- nalis. semina'tion. Insemination. seminiferous [L. semen(semin-), seed, -t- ferre, to carry.] Carrying or conducting the semen, noting the tubules of the testis. seminoma (sem-S-no'mah) [L. semen -\- G. -oma.] Tumor of the seminal vesicle. seminor'mal. One-half the normal, noting a solu- tion* of a certain strength. seminu'ria [L. semen(semin-) + G. ouron, urine.] Spermaturia. semiography, semeiography (se-mi-og'ra-fK) [G. semeion, sign, -f- graphs, a description.] A treatise on symptomatology; a description of the symptoms of a disease. semiological, semeiological (se-ml-o-lojl-kal). Re- lating to the symptoms of a disease. semiol'ogy, semeiol'ogy [G. semeion, sign, -{- -logia.] Sjrmptomatology. semiorbic'ular. Semicircular, hemispherical. semiotic, semeiotic (se-mi-ot'ik) [G. semeion, sign.] Symptomatic. semiot'ics, semeiofics. Symptomatology,* semi- ology. semipenn'iform [L. semi-, half-, -I- penna, feather, -t- forma, form.] Penniform on one side, noting a nauscle the fibers of which are obliquely attached to one side of a tendon. semiprone (sem-I-pron'). Halfway between the mid-position and pronation, three-quarters prone. se'mis [L.] One-half ; noted in prescriptions by M. semisideratio (sem"i[-sid-6-ra'shyo) [L. semi-, half, + sideratio, sunstroke.] Hemiplegia. semisom'nus. Semicoma. semiso'por. Semicoma. semispi'nal [L. semi-, half, + spinalis.] Half spinal ; noting muscles attached in part to the spines of the vertebrae; see musculus semis pinalis. semisul'cus. A slight groove on the edge of a bone or other structure, which, uniting with a similar groove on the corresponding adjoining structure, forms a complete sulcus. semisupine (sem-I-su-pin'). Halfway between the mid-position and supination, three-quarters supine. semitendino'sus. See under musculus. semiten'dinous. Composed in part of tendon,,not- ing the musculus semitendinosus. SEMITERTIAN 906 SENSIBILIZATION semitertian (sem-i-tur'shyan). Partly tertian, partly quotidian; noting a malarial fever in which two paroxysms occur on one day and one on the suc- ceeding day. semitontine (sem-t-ton'ten) [L. semi-, half, + ton- iine,*] A form of insurance in which the in- sured allows all the profits on his policy, from compound interest, lapses, etc., to accumulate for a number of years and then receives the whole amount in a dividend; the beneficiaries of those who die during the period receive the face value of their policies, but the interest in the profits is forfeited to the survivors. Semen's law (se'mon) [Sir Felix Semon, London laryngologist, born in Germany, *i 849.] In les- ions of the ganglia or branches of the motor nerves of the larynx, paralysis of the abductor muscles occurs before that of the adductors. S.'s sign, impaired mobility of the vocal cords in carcinoma of the larynx. Semon-Hering hypoth'esis (za'mon-ha'ring) [Rich- ard Semon, German naturalist, 1859-1908; Ewaldi Hering, German physiologist, 1834-1918.] Mnemic* hypothesis. sen'ecin. A precipitation of the tincture of senecio, employed in doses of gr. 1-2 (0,06-0. 13). senecio (sS-ne'sI-o) [L. old man.] (N.F.) i. The dried herb, Senecio aureus, life-root, squaw- weed, ragwort, a common weed of the eastern United States; employed in the amenorrhea and other menstrual irregularities of chlorotic girls, in leucorrhea, and in strangury, in doses of 5 1 (4.0), or 5i (4-0) of the N.F. fluidextract, orof IK J— 2 (o . 03-0 .13) of the specific eclectic prepara- tion every hour or two. 2. A tincture from the fresh flowering plants of Senecio aureus, em- ployed in homeopathic practice in dysmenorrhea and other menstrual disorders in doses of the I St to the 6th potencies. sen'ega [Seneca, an Indian tribe, one of the Five Nations.] (U.S.) Senegas radix (Br.), the dried root of Polygala senega, an herb of eastern and central North America; expectorant in chronic bronchitis in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). sen'egin. The active principle of senega occurring in the drug in a mixture with polygalic acid. senescence (se-nes'ens) [L. senescere, to grow old.] The state of growing old ; beginning oM age. senescent (se-nes'ent). Growing old. seniculture (sen'i-kul-chur) [i. senex, old man, -|- cullura, culture.] The hygiene of old age. senile (se'nil) [L. senilis.] Relating to or charac- teristic of old age. s. afrophy, shrinking of the tissues consequent upon the involution of old age. s. demen'tia, dementia due to s. atrophy of the brain, a. iuvolu'tion, the retrograde metabolism of old age. s. tremor, the trembling of the hands and shaking of the head sometimes seen in the se'nilism. Premature senility; progeria. senll'ity. Old age. The sum of the physical and mental changes occurring in advanced life. se'nium [L.] Old age, especially the debility of the aged. s. prse'cox, premature senility. Senn's bone-plates [Nicholas Senn, Chicago surgeon of Swiss birth, 1844-1908.] Plates of decalcified bone employed in intestinal anastomosis. S.'s test, for perforation of the bowel; after the abdomen is opened hydrogen gas is injected into the rectum, and then a light held near the coils of intestines will reveal a perforation through ignition of the escaping gas. sen'na [Ar. se«a.] (U.S., Br.) The dried leaflets of Cassia acuiijolia and C. angusiifolia; laxative in doses of gr. 40—60 (2.6-4.0). Alexan'drine s.. Cassia acutifolia. Amer'ican s., Cassia mari- landica, Indian s.. Cassia angusiifolia. Mecca s., an inferior grade of Indian s. Tinn'evelly s., Indian s. senn'in [after Nicholas Senn.] Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of iodine and phenol. sensa'tion [L. sensa, idea, conception.] The trans- lation into consciousness of the effects of i± stimulus exciting any of the organs of sense, de- layed' s., a s. which is not perceived until the lapse of an appreciable interval following the appli- cation of the stimulus, gen'eral s., one referred to the body as a whole and not to any particular external object, girdle s., zonesthesia. objec'- tive s., a s. caused by some material object, re- ferred' s., a sensation felt in one place in response to a, stimulus applied in another, re'flex s., referred s. spe'cial s., one referred to a stimulus produced by an external body and acting on any of the sense organs, subjec'tive s., a s. experi- enced by the individual, not excited by any ex- ternal material stimulus of the organ to which the s. is referred, transferred' s., referred s. abnormality of, paresthesia, dysesthesia, cakesthesia. haphonosus. absence, anesthesia, associated, syn- esthesia, belt-like, zonesthesia, girdle sensation, biting, nxordication, odaxesmus, cold, cryesthesia, conveying, esthesodic. crawling, formication, myr- mecia, myrmeciasis. description of, esthesiography. diminished acuteness of, hypeUhesia, bradyesthesia, obtusion, disease affecting, esthesionosis, esthesio- neurosis, haphonosus. erroneous localization, alles- thesia, alloesthesia, allachesthesia, allochiria. general, of existence, cenesthesia, coenesth'esia. beat, cau- mesthesia. increased acuteness of, hyperesthesia, acroesthesia, supersensitiveness, oxyesthesia, instru- ment for measuring, esthesiometer. locality, topes- thesia. movement, _ kinesthesia, cinesthesia, muscle sense, muscular, kinesthesia, cinesthesia; myonarco- sis (dulled), numb, obdormition. painful, algesia, algesthesia. pricking, acanthesthesia. relating to, sensory, esthetic; tactile (touch), science relating to, esthesiology, esthematology. seat of perception, sen- sorium. temperature, thermesthesia. unpleasant touch, haptodysphoria. sense [L. sensus; sentire, to feel, to perceive.] Feeling, sensation, the faculty of perceiving any stimulus, consciousness, cinesthet^ic s., muscular s. gene'sic s., th$ sexual instinct, mus'cular s., the faculty of perceiving a muscular contraction, deep sensibility, pressure s., the faculty of discriminating various degrees of pressure on the surface, seventh s., visceral s. sixth s., cenes- thesia. space s., the faculty of perceiving the relative positions of objects in the external world. special s., one of the five senses related to the organs of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. vis'ceral s., the perception of the existence of the internal organs, seventh s. sense-cen'ter. Any center in the cerebral cortex where a stimulus to a sense-organ is brought into the realm of consciousness; sensorium (i). sense-or'gan. Any organ, as the eye, in which a stimulus is translated into a sensation. sensibilin (sen'sl-bil-in). Toxogenin. sensibilisatrice (son-se-be-le-sS-tres') [Fr.] Sub- stance sensibilisatrice, sensitizer, immune body, amboceptor.* sensibil'ity [L. sensibilitas.] The consciousness of sensation, the capability of perceiving sensible stimuli; sensation, deep s., sensation in the muscles, tendons, and joint surfaces, by means of which the position of a limb, the tension, and the estimation of a difference in weights is ap- preciated, and the loss of which produces ataxia. mesoblas'tic s., deep s. sensibiliza'tion. Sensitization. SENSIBLE Q07 SEPTICEMIA, SEPTICEMIA sen'sible [L. sensihilis; seniire, to feel, to perceive.] I. Perceptible to the senses. 2. Capable of sensation. 3. Sensitive. 4. Having reason or judgment, intelligent. s^nsif'erous [L. sensus, sense, + ferre, to carry.] Conducting a sensation. seusigenous (sen-sij'en-us) [L. sensus, sense, + G. gennao, I produce.] Giving rise to sensation. sen'sitive. i. Capable of perceiving sensations. ii. Responding to a stimulus. 3. Readily under- going a chemical change, as a sensitive reagent. 4. Amenable to the destructive action of com- plement. 5. One who is readily hypnotizable. 6. One supposed to receive communications from spirits, a psychic. se;isitivity (sen-si-tiv'i-ti) [L. sentire, to feel.] The state of being sensitive. sensitiza'tion. i. The rendering of bacteria or animal cells amenable to the destructive action of alexin or complement by contact with immune body or amboceptor. 2. The production by the body cells of a specific proteolytic ferment which acts only upon the protein the presence of which has called it into existence; when the organism has come to the condition in which it reacts to the special protein, it is said to be sensitized to that protein. sen'sitize. To render sensitive (3 or 4). See also sensitization, sen'sitized culture, a live culture of an organism to which has been added an anti- serum; after the mixture has been allowed to stand for a while the sertmi is removed by washing and centrifugation and the organism then sus- pended in physiological salt solution; employed as a vaccine. sen'sitizer. Amboceptor. sen'sitizing sub'stance. Substance sensibilitrice, amboceptor.* sensomobile (sen-so-mo'bil). Capable of movement in response to a stimulus. sensomobil'ity. The state of being sensomobile. sensoxno'tor. Sensorimotor. senso'rial. Relating to the sensorium. sensoriglan'dular. Relating to glandular secretion resulting from stimulation of the sensory nerves. sensorimetab'olism. Metabolism activated by stimulation of the sensory nerves. sensorimo'tor. Both sensory and motor, noting a mixed nerve having both afferent and efferent fibers. sensorimus'cular. Noting muscular contraction in response to a sensory stimulus, reflex. senso'rium. i. The seat of sensation, sense- center. 2. The aggregate of the organs and cen- ters in the body relating to sensation. sensorivas'cular. Noting a change in the blood- supply of a part occurring as a sensory reflex. Sensorivasomotor (sen"so-rl-vaz-o-mo'tor). Not- ing contraction or dilatation of the blood-vessels occurring as a sensory reflex, sensorivascular. sen'soiy. Relating to sensation, s. nerve, an afferent nerve, one which transmits peripheral stimuli to the sensorium. sensualism (sen'shu-al-izm) . Sensuality; domi- nation by the passions or appetites. sentient (sen'shyent) [L. seniiens; sentire, to feel, to perceive.] Sensitive; capable of sensation. sen'timent [L. sentire, to feel.] Feeling or emotion in relation to one idea ; the expression in conscious thought of a feeling, especially of any of the higher or nobler feelings or emotions. sentisec'tion. Vivisection of an animal that is not anesthetized ; see callisection. sep'al [L. sepalum; separ, separate.] The leaf of a calyx. sep'aloid[L. sepalum, sepal, -I- G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a sepal. sep'aratoT, Anything which separates two or more substances or prevents them from mingling. 1. Specifically a device by means of which the portions of urine entering the bladder from the two ureters are prevented from mingling; a segregator; see Catkelin, Downes, Harris, Luys. 2. In dentistry an instrument for forcing two teeth apart so as to give room for examination, excavating cavities, etc. separato'rium. An instrument used in separating the pericranium from the skull. se"pedogen'esis [G. sepedon, rottenness, + genesis, origin, production.] The origin or causation of sepsis. se'pedon [G. sepedon, rottenness.] Putrescence, putridity. se"pedonogen'esis. Sepedogenesis. se'pia [G.] i. A black secretion of the cuttlefish, from which a pigment is made. 2. In homeo- pathic practice, a tincture prepared from dried and powdered sepia, used in leucorrhea, dyspepsia, chronic nasal catarrh, and facial neuralgia in pregnant women, especially when associated with sallowness or a slight degree of jaundice ; dose, 6th to 30th potencies. se'pium [G. sepion.] The bone of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. sep'sine. A ptomaine formed in putrefying animal matter. sep'sis [G. sepsis, putrefaction.] The presence of various pus-forming and other pathogenic organ- isms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues; septicemia, intes'tinal s., (i) autointoxication of intestinal origin; (2) ptomaine poisoning. puer'peral s., puerperal* fever, s. len'ta, a slowly developing and more or less localized in- fection with (usually) Streptococcus viridans. sep'tal. Relating to a septum. ' sep'tan [L. sepiem, seven.] Noting a malarial fever, the paroxysms of which recur every seventh day. sep'tate. Having a septum; divided into compart- ments. septec'tomy [L. sceptum, septum, -t- ektome, excision.] Operative removal of the whole or a part of a septum specifically of the septum narium. septe'mia, septEe'mia. Septicemia. septentrionaline (sep-ten-tri-on'al-en) . An alka- loid derived from Aconitum lycoctonum; a. local analgesic. septfoil (set'foyl) [Fr. sept, seven, feuille, leaf.] Tormentilla. sep'tic. Relating to or caused by sepsis, s. fever, septicemia. septicemia, septictemia (sep"ti-se'mi-ah) [G. sepsis, putrefaction, + haima, blood.] A systemic . disease caused by the presence of microorgan- isms or their toxins in the circulating blood; the infecting germ may be one of the pus organisms, the pneumococcus, typhoid bacillus, coli ba- cillus, or other pathogenic bacterium, crypto- gen'ic s., a form of s. in which no primary focus of infection can be found, hemorrhag'ic s., a term applied to a group of animal diseases, not transmissible to man, caused by a number of closely related bacteria, called collectively Bacil- lus plurisepticus. mouse s., a disease of mice caused by Bacillus murisepiicus. puer'peral s., puerperal fever, septic infection occurring in women after childbirth, rabbit s., a disease in rabbits caused by Bacillus cuniculicidus. s. SEPTICEMIA, SEPTICEMIA 908 SEQUEL, SEQUELA meliten'sis, Malta fever, undulant fever.* s. pluriform'ls, hemorrhagic s. septice'mic. Relating to, suffering from, or resulting from septicemia. sep'ticine. A ptomaine from decaying animal matter. septicopMebitis (sep-tl-ko-fle-bi'(be')tis) O.septikos, putrefying, + phleps(phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Septic inflammation of a vein. septicopyemia, septicopyaemia (sep-tl-ko-pi-e'ml-ah). Pyemia and septicemia occurring together. septicopye'inic. Relating to septicopyemia. septigrav'ida [L. sepiem, seven, + gravida, preg- nant.] A woman who is pregnant for the seventh time. sep'tile. Septal. septimetritis (sep-tJ-me-tri'(tre')tis) [G. septos, de- cayed, + metra, uterus, + -itis.\ Septic inflam- mation of the uterus. septipara (sep-tip'ah-rah) [L. septum, seven, -I- parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne seven children in as many pregnancies. septiv'alent [L. septem seven.] Having a valency of seven. septomar'ginal. Relating to the margin of a sep- tum. septom'eter [septum + G. metron, measure.] An instrument, like a pair of calipers with straight arms, used for measuring the thickness of the nasal septum. septona'sal. Relating to the nasal septum. sep'totome [L. sceptum, septum, + G. fomos, cutting.] An instrument for incising or removing a section of the nasal septum. septot'omy [L. smptum, septum, -1- G. tome, incision.] Incision of a septum, specifically of the septum narium. sep'tulum, pi. Sep' tula [L. dim. of septum.'] A mi- nute septum, s. testis [BNA], one of the trabeculae of the testis, imperfect septa and fibrous cords radiating toward the surface of the gland from the mediastinum testis. sep'tum, gen sep'ti, pi. sep'ia [L. septum or saptum, a partition.] A thin wall dividing two cavities or masses of softer tissue, gin'gival s., gum s., the portion of the gums occupying the inter- proximal spaces, s. alve'oli, one of the thin plates of bone separating the alveoli in the alveolar process of either jaw. s. atrio'rum [BNA], s. auricula'rum, the dividing wall between the atria of the heart, b. bul'bi ure'thrae [BNA], a fibrous septum in the interior of the bulb of the urethra which divides it into two hemispheres. s. canal 'is musculotuba'rii [BNA], processus cochleariformis, a very thin horizontal plate of bone forming two semicanals, the upper, smaller, for the tensor tyrapani muscle, the lower, larger, for the Eustachian tube. s. cartilagin'eum [BNA], cartilaginous septum, the cartilaginous portion of the septum nasi. s. cervica'le inter- me'dium [BNA], intermediate cervical septum, a fibrous membrane uniting the cervical spinal arachnoid and dura mater in the median line posteriorly, s. cor'porum cavernoso'rum [BNA], an incomplete fibrous septum between the cor- pora cavernosa of the clitoris. B. crura'le, s. femorale [BNA]. s. femora'le [BNA], s. crurale, Cloquet's ganglion or septum, a lymphatic gland or plug of fat blocking the femoral ring. s. glan'dis [BNA], cartilago penis, a fibrous par- tition extending through the glans penis from the lower surface of the albuginea to the urethra. s. interalveola're, pi. septa inter akeola'ria [BNA], one of the interalveolar septa, the bony parti- tions between the tooth-sockets, s. intermus- cula're [BNA], intermuscular septum, a term applied to aponeurotic sheets separating various muscles of the extremities; these are: s. i. ante'- rius (fibula're), s. i. (fem'oris) latera'le, s. i. (f.) media'le, s. i. (hu'meri) latera'le, s. i. (h.) media'le, s. i. poste'rius (fibula're). s. lin'gusB [BNA], the median vertical fibrou^ partition of the tongue merging posteriorly into the transverse hyo- glossal membrane, s. lu'cidum, clear septiim, (i) stratum lucidum of the skin; (2) s. pellu- cidum [BNA]. s. mediastina'le [BNA], the mediastinum regarded as the dividing wall between the two pleural sacs. s. membrana'- ceum [BNA], membranous septum, the mem- branous anteroinferior portion of the nasal septum, s. membrana'ceum ventriculo'rum [BNA], the membranous portion of the ventricu- lar septum of the heart, s. mo'bile na'si [BNA], the anterior movable part of the nasal septum, formed by the recurving crus mediale of the cartilago alaris major on either side. s. muscula're ventriculo'rum [BNA], the muscular portion of the ventricular septum of the heart, formed of fibers derived from the musculature of both ventricles, s. na'si [BNA], the dividing wall between the two nasal cavities, formed pos- teriorly of bone (mainly the vomer and per- pendicular plate of the ethmoid), anteriorly of cartilage, s. na'si oss'eum [BNA], osseous nasal septum, consisting of the vomer and per- pendicular plate of the ethmoid, s. orbita'le [BNA], orbital s., palpebral ligaments, a fibrous membrane attached to the margin of the orbit and extending into the lids, constituting in great part the posterior fascia of the orbicularis oculi muscle, s. pectinifor'me, comb-like septum, the anterior portion of the s. penis which is broken by a number of slit-like perforations, s. pellu'- cidum [BNA], transparent septum, s. lucidum, a thin plate made of two laminae of gray matter, forming a partition between the anterior portions of the lateral ventricles; it extends from the an- terior part of the body, the genu, and the rostrum of the corpus callosum to the fornix; the space be- tween the two lamiucB is the fifth ventricle, s. penis [BNA], the portion of the tunica albu- ginea separating the two corpora cavernosa penis, s. posti'cum, the fibrous membrane joining the arachnoid and pia along the posterior line of the spinal cord. s. scroti [BNA], an in- complete wall of connective tissue and non- striated muscle dividing the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a testis, s. sln'uum fronta'lium [BNA], the bony partition between the two frontal sinuses; it is often defiected to one or the other side of the middle line. s. sin'uum sphenoida'lium [BNA], the median dividing wall between the sphenoidal sinuses, s. subarach- noidea'le, subarachnoid s., s. posticum, a fibrous layer passing between the spinal arachnoid and pia mater in the middle line posteriorly, s. transver'sum, (i) the projection into each am- pulla of the semicircular canals of the thickened wall on which the nerves terminate; (2) the par- tition which forms in the embryo and divides the splanchnoccele into the abdominal and pericar- dial regions, becoming in mammals the dia- phragm, s. tubae, cochleariform process, a bony partition dividing the canalis musculotubarius into two parts, s. ventriculo'rum [BNA], the dividing wall between the ventricles of the heart. se'quel, sequela, pi. se'quels, sequel'is (se-kwel'ah) SEQUEL, SEQUELA .9°9 SEROSEROUS [L. sequela.] A morbid condition following as a consequence of another disease. seques'ter. Sequestrum. seques'tral. Relating to a sequestrum. sequestra'tion [L. sequesiraiio ; seqiiesirarej to lay aside.] i. Isolation, separation from others, as in the case of one with a contagious disease, a. The formation of a sequestrum. sequestrec'tomy [L. sequestrum + G. ektome, exci- sion.] The operative removal of a sequestrum. sequestrot'oniy [L. sequestrum + G. tome, incision.] Sequestrectomy. seques'tTum [L. sequestrare, to lay aside, to separate.] A piece of necrosed bone which has become separated from the surrounding healthy osseous tissue, pri mary s., a completely detached s. sec'ondary s., one loosely attached to the surround- ing sound bone, ter'tiary s., one firmly attached to the surrounding bone. se'ra. Plural of serum: Beralbu'min. Serum albumin." Sereno'a [after Sereno "Watson, Cambridge (Mass.) botanist, 19th century.] A genus of palms, the dried fruit of one species of which, 5. serrulata, saw-palmetto, is the official sabal.* Sergent's white line (sair-zhan') [Emil Sergent, French physician, contemporary.] On drawing the point of a penholder or the finger-nail across , the skin a white line appears, lasting from thi ee to five minutes; the phenomenon! occurs in cases of low arterial tension, as in Addison's disease. se'rial. Relating to a series, s. change in electric irritability, see qualitative alteration* s. sec'tions, see section. ser'iceps [L. sericum., silk, + caput, head.] A bandage or sort of reversed cap, made of ribbon, used to make traction on the fetal head during parturition. ser'icum [L.] Silk. series (se'rez) [L. severe, to join together.] ±. A succession of similar objects following one an- other in space or time. 2. In chemistry, a group of substances either elements or compounds, having similar properties or differing from each other in composition by a constant ratio, ali- phat'ic s., fatty s. aromat'ic s., all the compounds derived from benzene, distinguished from the fatty series derived from methane, faf ty s., all the open-chain compounds, derived from meth- ane, distinguished from the aromatic series derived from benzene, homol'ogous s., a series of organic compounds, the succeeding mem- bers of which differ from each other by the radicle CHj. se'riflux [L. serum -f- fluxus, a flow.] Orrhorrhea, a profuse serous discharge. se'rine. i. Serum albumin. 2. Alpha-amino- beta-hydroxypropionic acid, CH2.OH.CH.NH2- COOH, present in small amount in most proteins. serinuria (se-rin-u'ri-ah). The excretion of serum albumin alone, without serum globulin, in the urine. seriscission (ser-i-sish'un) [L. sericum, silk, + scissio, a cleaving.] Division of the pedicle of a tumor or other tissue by a silk ligature. serja'nia. The bark or wood of Serjania nodosa, or Paullinia curura, a. South American plant, employed like curari as an arrow poison. seroalbuminuria (se-ro-al-bu-min-u'ri-ah). Serous albuminuria.* serocolitls (se-ro-ko-li'(le')tis) [L. serosa, serous membrane, + G. kolon, colon, -f- -itis.] Colitis externa, pericqlitis, inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the colon. serocys'tic. Relating to one or more serous cysts. serodermatosis (se"ro-dur-ma-to'sis). Any skin dis- ease with a watery discharge, or with cutaneous edema. serodiagno'sis. Diagnosis made by means of a reaction obtained in the blood-serum or other serous fluids of the body; the Wassermann* reaction is an example; orrhodiagnosis. seroenteritis (se-ro-en-ter-i'(e')tis) [L. serosa + G. enteron, intestine, -I- -itis.l Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the intestine, enteritis externa, perienteritis. serofi'brinous. Noting an exudate composed of serum and fibrin. serofl'brous. Relating to a serous membrane and a fibrous tissue. serofor'malin. Trade name of a mixture of forma- lin and dried and pulverized blood-serum; used' as an antiseptic dusting powder. Eerohepatitis (se-ro-hep-S.-ti'(te')tis) [L. serosa + G. heparQiepat-), liver, -f- -itis.] Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the liver, hepatitis ex- terna, perihepatitis. seroimmunity (se"ro-im-mu'nl-t![). Passive immu- nity.* serolem'ma [L. serum, + G. lemma, husk.] The outer or mesoblastic layer of the amnion. serological (se-ro-Iog'I-kal) Relating to serology. serol'ogy [L. serum + G. -logia.] The branch of. science dealing with serum, especially with: specific immune or lytic sera; orrhology._ seromem'branous. Relating to a serous membrane. seromu'cous. Composed of or containing serum and mucus. seronol (se'ro-nol). A remedy proposed for the treatment of influenza; it is composed of guaiacol, 0.1, eucalyptol and camphor, of each, 0.5, in sterilized olive oil, 250 c.c, this amount being injected into the gluteal muscles once a day for S or 6 days. seroperitoneum (se"ro-per-i-to-ne'um) . Hydro- peritoneum, ascites. serophthisis perniciosa endemica (se-rof-the'sis pur-nish-i-o'sah en-dem'i-kah) . Beriberi. serophyte (se'ro-fit) [serum + G. phyton, plant.] A bacterium which develops readily in the normal body fluids; see serosaprohpyte. se"ropneu"motho'rax. Hydropneumothorax. seropu'rulent. Composed of or containing both serum and pus, noting a discharge of thin, watery pus, or seropus. se'ropus. Purulent serum; pus largely diluted with serum. seroreaction (se-ro-re-ak'shun). j.. Sertun-disease. 2. Any reaction occurring in serum, such as deflection of the complement.* sero'sa [L. fern, of serosus, serous (sc. tunica, coat, or membrana, membrane.] Serous membrane, especially the serous or peritoneal coat of the intestines. serosamucin (se-ro"sah-mu'sin) . Mucoid found in serous fluids — ascitic, synovial, etc. serosanguineous (se"ro-sang-gwin'e-us). Noting an exudate or a discharge composed of or containing both serum and blood. serosaprophyte (se-ro-sap'ro-fit) [serophyte + saprophyte.] A microorganism which cannot grow and multiply in the normal unaltered body fluids, but readily adapts itself to development there when the fluids have undergone a degen- erative change. seirose'rous. Relating to two serous- surfaces; noting a suture, as of the intestine, in which the SEROSEROUS 910 SERUM edges of the wound are infolded so as to bring the two serous surfaces in apposition. serositis (se-ro-si'(se')tis) [L. serosa + G. -iiis,] Inflammation of a serous membrane, orrhomenin- gitis. multi'ple s., polyorrhomeningitis. seros'ity. i. A serous fluid, serum, j. The con- dition of being serous. 3. The serous quality of a liquid. serosynoTial (se-ro-si-no'vl-al). Relating to both serum and synovia, or to both a serous and a synovial membrane. serosynovitis (se-ro-si-no-vi'(ve')tis). Synovitis at- tended with a copious serous effusion. serotax'is [L. serum + G. taxis, a drawing up in line.] Hemospasia or edema of the skin in- duced by the application of a strong cutaneous irritant. serother'apy [L. serum + G. therapeia, treatment.] Orrhotherapy. i. Treatment of an infectious disease by the injection of an antitoxin or specific serum. 2. The whey-cure. serotho'rax. Hydrothorax. seroti'na [L. fem. of serotinus, late.] Decidua* serotina or basalis. se'rous. Relating to, containing, or producing serum, s. inflamma'tion, inflammation of a serous membrane, especially when attended with a copious effusion of serum, s. membrane, serosa, one of the smooth membranes lining the closed cavities of the body (the pleura, the peritoneum, etc.), and forming the inner coat of a blood-vessel. se"rovaccina'tion. A process for producing mixed immunity by the injection of a serum, to secure passive immunity, and by vaccination with a modified or killed culture to acquire active immunity later. serozyme (se'ro-zim) [L. serum + G. zyme, leaven.] A hypothetical substance formed in the blood plasma, which, upon contact with a foreign body or injured epithelium, reacts with cytozyme to form thrombin ; thrombogen. serpenta'ria (U.S.). Serpentarise rhizoma (Br.), the dried rhizome and roots of Arisiolochia ser- pentaria, serpentary, sangree, Virginia snakeroot ; stomachic, diuretic, and diaphoretic in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6—2.0). ser'pentary. Serpentaria. English s., bistorta. serpiginous (ser-pij'in-us) [L. serpere, to creep.] Creeping, noting an ulcer or other cutaneous lesion which extends gradually over the surface on one side while usually healing on the other. serpi'go [L. serpere, to creep.] i. Ringworm. 2. Herpes. 3. Any creeping or serpiginous erup- tion. ser'pol, ser'polet. Serpyllum. serpyll'um. The flowering herb. Thymus serpyl- lum, wild thyme, slightly diaphoretic and stim- ulant, like thyme serra'go [L. serra, a saw.] Sawdust. serr'ate, serr'ated [L. serra, a, saw.] Notched, den- tate, toothed. serra'tion [L. serra, saw.] i. The state of being serrated or notched. 2. Anyone of the processes in a serrate or dentate formation. serra'tus [L ] Serrate, serrated ; see under musculus, serrefine (sair-fen') [Fr.] A small spring forceps, usually made of wire, used for approximating the edges of a wound or for closing the cut end of an artery during an operation. serrenoeud (sair-n6') [Fr. serrer, to press, H- nceud, knot.] An instrument for tightening a ligature. Serres's angle (sair) [Antoine Etienne Renaud Serrefine. Augustin Serres, Parisian physician, 1786-1868.] Metafacial angle. S.'s glands, gingival glands. serr'ulate, serr'ulated [G. serrulaius, dim. of serra- tus.] Finely serrated. Serto'U's cells [Enrico Sertoli, Italian histologist 19th century.] Foot- cells ; elongated striated cells in the testicular tubules, to which the spermatids are attached. S.'s col'umns, the colum- nar flgures between the spermatoblasts formed of aggregations of S.'s cells. se'rum, pi. se'ra [L. whey.] i . A clear watery fluid, especially that moistening the surface of serous membranes, or exuded in inflammation of any of those membranes. 2. The fluid portion of the blood obtained after coagulation, distinguished from the circulating plasma in live blood. 3. An antitoxin as prepared for therapeutic use. 4. Whey, anti-s., a specific antitoxic or bacteriolytic s. obtained by inoculating animals with success- ively increasing numbers of the pathogenic microorganism against infection by which the senmi is designed to be protective or curative. antitox'ic s., a serum containing the antitoxin of the pathogenic microorganism, against infection by which it is protective or curative, autosal'- Tarsanized s., see salvarsanized-serum. bacter- iolyf ic s., a serum containing a lysin destructive to a species of bacteria, for'eign s., a s. derived from an animal and injected into an animal of another species or into man. gly'cerin s., blood serum containing 5 per cent, of glycerin; used in the cultivation of the tubercle bacillus" immune' s., specific b. inorgan'ic s., a solu- tion of various salts, not a serum derived from an animal; see Bar del, Catani, Crocq, Cuguillire, Hayem, Huchard, Latta, Mathieu, and Trunecek. marine' s., a dilution of sea-water, 83 parts, with spring water, 190 parts, filtered through a germ-proof Berke- feld filter, employed by hypodermic injection to increase cellular resistance to infection and to improve the nutritive processes, multipar'tial B., polyvalent s. muscle s., the fluid remaining after the coagulation of muscle-plasma and the separation of myosin, normal s., a a. contain- ing complement and a, great variety of inter- bodies, but only a small aniount of each; it is by increasing the amount of one of the latter, now called immune-body, or amboceptor, that normal s. is converted into specific s. polyValent s. an antiserum obtained by inoculating an ani- mal with several species or strains of the bac- terium in question, pooled s., the mixed serum from a number of individuals, used in deter- mining the normal phagocytic index, sal'- varsanized s., see salvarsanized. s. antidiph- ther'lcum (U. S.), antidiphtheric serum, diph- theria antitoxin, a fluid separated from the coagulated blood of a horse immunized through repeated injections of diphtheria toxin ; dose, in se- vere cases, from 10,000 units; as a prophylactic 1000 units, s. antidiphther'icum puriflca'tum (U.S.), purified antidiphtheric serum, concen- trated diphtheria antitoxin, diphtheric antitoxin globulins; a solution in physiological saline solu- tion of the antitoxin-bearing globulins extracted from the antitoxic serum, having a, potency of 250 antitoxic units per mil; dose: protective 1000 units; curative 10.000 units. 8. antidiph- ther'icum sic'cum (U.S.), dried antidiphtheric serum, dried diphtheria antitoxin; evaporated SERUM 911 SEWERAGE antidiphtheric serum, occurring in the form of yellowish flakes or a whitish powder, having a potency of 4000 units per gram; dose: prophy- lactic 1000 units; curative 10,000 units, s. antitetan'icum (U.S.), antitetanic serum, tetan- us antitoxin; a fluid separated from the coagu- lated blood of a horse or other large domestic animal immunized through repeated injections of tetanus toxin; it should have a potency of not less than 100 units per mil; dose: prophy- lactic 1500 units; curative 10,000 units, s. antitetan'icum purifica'tum (U.S.), purified anti- tetanic serum, tetanus antitoxin globulins, anti- tetanic globulins; a solution in physiological salt solution of the antitoxin-bearing globulins ex- tracted from the blood serum of an animal im- munized against tetanus; its potency is 100 units per mil; dose: prophylactic 1500 units; curative 10,000 units, s. antitetan'icum sic'- cum (U.S.), dried antitetanic serum, dried tetanus antitoxin; yellowish or orange flakes or a yellowish white powder obtained by evapo- rating the antitetanic or the purified antitetanic serum; its potency is 1000 units per gram; dose: prophylactic 1500 units; curative 10,000 units. ^. lactis, whey, the thin fluid which separates when milk is coagulated, specific s., a s. con- taining a large number of amboceptors which have a special affinity for a given bacterium or the red cells of one animal in particular, and which serve to bind the complements in either specific or normal serum to these cellular ele- ments and so to effect their destruction. se'rumal. Relating to or derived from serum, s. cal'culus, a concretion formed around the neck or on the root of a tooth; it occurs especially in pyorrhea and differs in color and constitution from salivary calculus, or ordinary tartar. serum-albu'min. A protein belonging to the group of native albumins, occurring with the globulins in the body fluids; it is coagulable by heat, but is not precipitated by magnesium or ammonium sulphate; its chemical formula is C7sHi22Nj„S024. serum-casein (se"rum-ka'se-in). Paraglobulin. serum-disease'. Local and general symptoms (urticaria, fever, general glandular enlargement, edema, pains in the joints, and occasionally albuminuria) appearing in from 8 to 12 days after an injection of foreign serum ; the immediate occurrence of the symptoms is regarded as ana- phylactic* in character, denoting a previous injec- tion of the same kind of serum; recovery takes place after a variable period, or in exceptional cases symptoms of collapse appear and sudden death may occur. serum-glob'ulin. Paraglobulin, a variety of globu- lin present in the plasma and cells of the blood. serum-rash. An urticaria or other eruption occur- ring after an injection of foreign serum; see serum^diseass. serum-sick'ness. Serum-disease. serumuria (se-rum-u'rl-ah). Albuminuria. Servet's' or Serve'tus's circula'tion [Michel Servei, Spanish physician, burned by Calvin at Geneva, 1509-1553.] The pulmonary circulation. sesame (ses'S-me). An herb, Sesamum indicum, the seeds of which contain a fixed oil, oleum sesami, used as a food. ses'amoid [G. sesame, sesame, + eidos, appearance.] Resembling in size or shape a grain of sesame. s. bone, an oval nodule of bone or fibrocartilage in a tendon playing over a joint surface; most common in the metacarpo- and metatarso-phalan- geal articulations and other joints of the fingers and toes; the patella is a sesamoid bone, the largest in the body. s. car'tilage, (i) a small nodule of yellow fibroelastic cartilage found occasionally on the external border of the aryte- noid cartilage of the larynx; (2) a small cartilage usually found in the fibrous tissue connecting the cartilage of the septum with the inferior lateral cartilage of the nose on either side. sesamoiditis (ses-S-moy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the sesamoid bones behind the fetlock in the horse. sesqui- [L.] A prefix denoting one-half more. sesquiba'sic. Noting a salt with three equivalents of the acid for two of the base. sesquichloride (ses-kwe-klor'id) . A chloride in which the proportion between the chlorine atoms and those of the other element is as three to two. sesquiho'ra [L.] An hour and a half; noting in prescription writing the interval between doses. sesquioz'ide. An oxide in which the proportion between the oxygen atoms and those of the other element is as three to two. ses'quisalt. A sesquibasic salt. sesquisul'phide. A compound of sulphur with another element in the proportion of three atoms of the former to two of the latter. sessile (ses'il) [L. sessus; sedere, to sit.] Having a broad base of attachment not pedunculated. seta'ceous [L. seia, a bristle.] i. Having bristles. 2. Resembling a bristle. Setchenofi's center. See Sechenoff. setif'erous [L. seia, bristle, -I- ferre, to carry.] Bristly, having bristles. setigerous (se-tij'er-us) [L. seia, bristle, -I- gerere, to carry.] Setiferous. se'ton [L. seia, bristle.] A wisp of threads or a strip of gauze passed through the subcutaneous tissues, forming an issue.* s. wound, a tangential perforating wound, the wounds of entrance and exit being on the same side of the head, limb, or body. sev'en-barks. Hydrangea. sev'en-day fe'ver. A sporadic fever attacking Europeans in Indian ports; it resembles dengue somewhat yet is apparently distinct from that as well as from malaria and influenza. Seven Springs, Virginia. The waters evaporated leave a residue containing aluminum sulphate, iron persulphate, magnesium and calcium sul- phate, besides other ingredients. This residue is used in cholera morbus, dysentery, and in liver and bowel troubles. seventh nerve. 1. Nervus facialis. 2. In the older enumeration of the facial nerves, the seventh comprised the facial, called portio dura of the seventh nerve, and the acoustic or auditory, called portio mollis, s. sense, visceral sense.* sev'etol. The trade name of an emulsion said to contain 30 per cent, of a mixture of beef fat, butter, olive oil, lard, and peanut oil. se'vum [L.] Suet or tallow, s. benzoina'tum (N.P.), benzoinated suet; benzoin 30, sevum prasparatum 1000. s. prsepara'tum (U.S., Br.), prepared suet, prepared mutton tallow; the in- ternal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, Ovis aries, purified by melting and straining; employed in pharmacy in making ointments. sewage (su'aj). The waste matter, solid and liquid, passing through a sewer. sewer (su'ur). A pipe or conduit for removing surface water, excrement, and liquid waste. sewerage (su'ur-aj). A system of sewers for SEWERAGE 912 SHEATH removing excreta, surface water, and kitchen waste in a community. sewer-gas (su'ur-gas). The foul air of a sewer. sewing-spasm (so'ing-spasm). An occupation neu- rosis affecting seamstresses, tailors, and shoe- makers, interfering with the use of the needle; seamstress's cramp. sex [L. sexus.] The character or quality which distinguishes between male and female. sexdigitate (seks-dij'i-tat) [L. sex, six, -I- digitus, finger or toe.] Having six digits on one or both hands or feet. sexlv'alent [L. sex, six, -t- valere, to have strength.] Having a combining power equal to six atoms of hydrogen. sez-limited (seks'lim-I-ted). Occurring in one sex only. sez-linked (seks'linkt) . Noting, in heredity, any character whose determinant is associated with the determinant of sex. sexology (seks-ol'o-ji). The science of sex, study of the relations of the sexes. sex'tan. Noting a malarial fever the paroxysms of which recur every sixth day. sextigravida (seks-ti-gravl-dah) [L. sextus, sixth, + gravida, pregnant.] A woman in her sixth pregnancy. sextigrav'ida [L. sextus, sixth, + gravida, pregnant.] A woman in her sixth pregnancy. sextipara (seks-tip'ah-rah) [L. sextus, sixth, + parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne six children in as many pregnancies. sexto'nol. Trade name of a mixture of six glycero- phosphates, as follows ; calcium and sodium each 2 grains, iron \ grain, manganese and quinine each J grain, strychnine ij^ grain; see tonol. sez'ual. I. Relating to sex; genital. 2. A person considered in his or her sexual relation or tend- encies, con'trary s., an invert, sec'ondary s. char'acteis, characters, not connected with the genital organs, which are peculiar to one or the other sex, such as the beard in man, the absence of beard or of hair on the chest in woman, etc. s. aim, the action toward which a sexual impulse strives, s. ob'ject, a person toward whom an- other is sexually attracted. sezual'ity. Sex, the quality of sex. sex'valent. Sexivalent. S.G.O. Abbreviation for Surgeon General's Office. shad'dock. Grape-fruit, pomela, the fruit of Citrus decumana. shad'ow [A.S. sceadu.] Achromatocyte, phantom corpuscle, a decolorized red blood-cell shad'owgram. Skiagram. shadow-nucleus (shad'o-nu"kle-us). A nucleus which has lost its pigment and staining properties. shad'ow-test. Retinoscopy. shaft [A. S. sceaft,] An elongated rod-like struc- ture, as the part of a long bone between the epi- physeal extremities, hair s., scapus pili [BNA]. shake [A. S. sceacan.] i. To tremble, to shiver, i!. To agitate, to move (a thing) to and fro or up and down. shakes. Ague, malarial chill. sha'king pal'sy. Paralysis agitans. shank [A. S. sceanca.] The tibia, the shin, the leg. shank bone. 1. The tibia. 2. The middle meta- carpal (or metatarsal) bone, or cannon* bone, in the horse. Shann'ondale Springs, West Virginia. Saline-calcic- chalybeatc waters containing carbonic acid and sulphureted hydrogen gas. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing in various disorders. The summer months. shaped [A.S. scapan, to form.] Formed, of the shape of, resembling. animal, zooid. anvil, incudiform. arch, arciform. bead, moniliform. beak, rostrate, rostriform, coro- noid, coracoid. bed, clinoid. berry, bacciform. blad- der, cystoid, cystomorphous, cystiform. boat, navi- cular, scaphoid. bone-marrow, myeloid. bow, arciform, arcuate, bubble, physaliform. bundle, desmoid, fasciate. chain, catenoid. club, clavate, clavellate, claviform. coin, mummiform, mummular, discoid, comb, pectinate, pectiniform. cone, coni- cal, conoid, crescent, semilunar, meniscoid, cres- centic. cross, crucial; cruciform, crown, coro- noid. cube, cuboid, cup, arytenoid, calyciform, cotyloid, crateriform, scyphoid. cylinder, cylindrical, cylindroid. D (Greek), deltoid, dart, belemnoid, sty- loid, disc, discoid, ear, auriform, egg, oval, oviform, ovoid, elbow, anconoid, olecranoid, olecranal. fan, flabellate, flabelliform. feather, penniform. fiddle, panduriform. fish, ichthyoid, fistula, s y r i n ^ o i d . nask, lageniform. forceps, forcipate. funnel, infun- dibuliform, choanoid. ganglion, gangliform. gland, adeniform. grain, sesamoid, grape, aciniform, aci- nous; botryoid, racemose, staphylose, staphyloid. heart, cordate; cordiform. hinge, ginglymoid. hook, hamular, ankyroid, uncinate, unciform, horn, keroid, keratoid, ceratoid. horseshoe, hippocrepian, hippo- crepiform. Iddney, nephroid, reniform. L (Greek), lambdoid. lattice-work, cancellous, lens, lentiform, lenticular, phacoid. mushroom, fungiform, fungoid. myrtle-leaf, myrtiform. nail, clavate, claviform, gomphoid; onychoid (of finger or toe), needle, acic- ular. net, retiform, reticulate, retecious. network, plexiform. nipple, mammillary, mastoid, nucleus, nucleiform, nucleoid, olive, olivary, palate, palati- form. papilla, papilliform. pear, piriform, peg, styloid, penis, phalliform, phalloid, phallic, pine- cone, pineal, pimform. pitcher, urceiform, urceolate. plant, phytoid. ring, annular, cricoid (seal ring). rod, bacteroid, bacterioid, bacilliform. roof, tectiform. root, rhizomorphoid. rope, restiform. round, cir- cular. S (Greek), sigmoid, sac, sacciform, saw, ser- rate, shield, thyroid, scutiform, scutate, clypeate, clypeiform, clypeastriform. sickle, falciform, falcate. sieve, ethmoid, cribriform, coliform. sphere, spheroid. sleep, hypnoidal. spinal cord, myeloid, spindle, fusiform, spiral, helicoid. spleen, splenoid, spleni- form. sponge, spongiform, spongioid, spongy, star, asteroid, stone, lithoid, calculous, sword, ensiform, xiphoid, tapeworm, taenioid, teniform, strobiloid. teeth, dentate, tendril, pampiniform, thread, fili- form, nematoid. tissues, histioid, histoid, tongue, glossoid. teeth, dentate, dentoid, odontoid, odonti- noid. top, turbinate, tree, dendritic, dendroid, tube, tubular, tubiform, canalicular, fistulous, syringoid, ulcer, ulcerous, helcoid. varix, cirsoid, variciform. varicoid. vessel, vasiform, vasoform, angioid. violin, panduriform. web, arachnoid,^ areolar, reticulate, wedge, cuneiform, sphenoid, wing, aliform, pinnate, pterygoid, worm, lumbricoid, vermiform. Y (Greek) , hyoid, hypsiloid. Shar'on Springs, New York. Saline-calcic-sulphu- reted waters. There is also a chalybeate spring within the limits of the village. The White Sulphur Spring water registers 48° F. Three important springs. Used by drinking and bath- ing in inflammatory conditions of the eye, rheumatism, gout, paralysis, stiff joints, glandu- lar enlargements, old gunshot wounds, hemor- rhoids, congestion of the liver, abdominal pleth- ora, metallic poisoning, syphilis, and other dis- orders. Shar'pey's fi'bers [William Sharpey, British anat- omist, 1802-1880.] Connective-tissue fibers by which the periosteum is attached to the under- lying bone. shaven-beard' appear'ance. The finely dotted ap- pearance of Peyer 's patches seen post mortem in cases of typhoid fever. sha'ving cramp. Keirospasm, xyrospasm, an occupation neurosis affecting barbers. shawl-muscle. Musculus trapezius. sheath (sheth) [A.S. scceth.] i. Any enveloping structure, such as the membranous covering of a muscle, nerve, or blood-vessel. 2. Vagina (i). 3. The prepuce of a horse, dentinal s., dural s., femoral s., see the adjectives. Henle's SHEATH 913 SIALADEN s., Mauthner's s., Schwann's s., see the proper names. Sheboy'gan Mineral Well, Wisconsin. Muriated- saline-sodic-magnesic waters, containing a small amount of bicarbonate of manganese, sulphate of baryta, and biborate of soda. Used by drinking in chronic constipation, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids, liver disorders, rheumatism, anemia, chlorosis, and many other affections. sheep-pox. Ovinia, a disease similar to cowpox which occurs in sheep. Sheldon Springs, Vermont. Alkaline-saline-silicious waters. Four springs. Used by drinking in gout, uric acid gravel, and catarrhal affections of the bladder. The summer months. Bhell-shock. A general term used to cover all serious mental and nervous disturbances arising as a result of the circumstances of battle; the condition may be due to trauma of the head or other parts, to the atmospheric shock of near-by explosions, to prolonged or extreme psychic strain, or to minor insults in men of neuropathic heredity; war neurosis, sinistrosis. Shep'herd's frac'ture. A fracture of the external tubercle (posterior process) of the talus, some- times mistaken for a, displacement of the os trigonum. Sherman bolts (shur'man). Screw bolts with nuts, employed to fix and hold in apposition the fragments of a broken bone. Sher'rington's law [Charles Scott Sherrington, English physiologist, *i859.] Every posterior spinal nerve root supplies a special territory of the skin, which is, however, invaded above and below by fibers from the adjacent spinal segments. sherr'y. A strong white wine originally from Xeres in Spain. shield [A.S. scild.'] A protecting screen, such as a lead sheet for protecting the operator from the a:-rays, a watch-glass sealed over the sound eye to protect it in a case of gonorrheal ophthalmia, a cap to protect a fissured nipple from injury, etc. embryon'ic s., an area of proliferating cells in the developing ovum in which the primitive streak appears. Shiga's bacillus (she'gah) [K. Shiga, Japanese bac- teriologist, contemporary.] Bacillus dysenteries. Shiga-Kruse bacill'us (she'gah-kru'zeh). Shiga* bacillus. shimamushi disease' (she-mah-moo'she) [Jap. shima, island, + mushi, bug.] Island disease, Japan- ese* river fever. shin [A.S. scina^ The anterior portion of the leg. s. bone, tibia. shingles (shing'glz) [L. cingulum, girdle.] Herpes zoster. shirt-stud ab'scess. A bilocular abscess, the two cavities being connected by a short narrow sinus. shiv'er. i. To shake or tremble, especially from cold. ::. A tremor, a slight chill. shiv'ering. 1. Trembling from cold or fear. 2. A spasmodic affection, resembling chorea, affecting the thigh muscles of the horse. shock [shake.'\ j.. A sudden physical or mental disturbance. 2. A state of profound mental and physical depression consequent upon severe physical injury or an emotional disturbance. apathet'ic s., ordinary s. (2). deferred' s., delayed' s., a state of shock coming on at a con- siderable interval after the receipt of the injury. delir'ious s., erethistic s. elec'tric s., a sudden violent impression caused by the passage of a current of electricity through any portion of 58 the body, erethis'tic b., traumatic or toxic delirium following s. sec'ondary s., a return of the symptoms of shock after apparent recovery from the first attack, shell s., see shell-shock. sur'gical s., shock induced by a surgical opera- tion or a trauma, tor'pid s., ordinary s. (2). shod'dy-fe'ver. An infiuenza-like affection from which workers in rags and shoddy garments suffer. shoe-boil. Capped elbow. shoemakers' spasm (shoo'ma-kerz spazm) . An oc- cupation neurosis, analogous to writer's cramp, from which shoemakers sometimes suffer, short cir'cuit. See circuit. shortsight'edness. Myopia. shot'gun prescrip'tion. See prescription shot-silk phenom'enon. Shot-silk reflex.* shoulder (shol'der) [A.S. sculder.'] The lateral por- tion of the scapular region, where the scapula joins with the clavicle and humerus and is covered by the rounded mass of the deltoid. pegged s., the shoulder of a horse, normal in contour, but without full freedom of movement. s. blade, scapula, s. girdle, see girdle, s. joint, the joint between the scapula and the humerus, articulatio humeri. shoul'der-slip. Inflammation of the muscles and tendons of the shoulder- joint in the horse. show (sho) [A.S. scedwe.] An appearance; spe- cifically the first appearance of blood in beginning menstruation or labor. shower (show'ur) [A.S. sciir.] A short brisk fall of rain, uric-ac'id s., an attack, occurring at times in the gouty, in which the urine contains a large amount of uric acid, considerable gravel composed of this substance being passed. Shrady's subcuta'neous saw [George Frederick Shrady, New York surgeon, 183 7-1 90 7.] An instrument consisting of a trocar and fenestrated cannula; when it has been introduced alongside the bone the trocar is withdrawn and a saw, set in a shaft of the same diameter as the trocar, is introduced in its place. Shrady's Subcutaneous Saw. X, Trocar and fenestrated cannula; 2, saw; 3, saw within the cannula in place of the trocar; A, cannula; B, back of the saw; C, cutting edge; D, screw for fas- tening together cannula and trocar or saw. Shrap'nell's mem'brane [Henry Jones Shrapnell, English anatomist, 19th century.] Pars flaccida of the membrana tympani, a small triangular area of the drum membrane whose apex is the malleolar prominence and base the notch of Rivinus. shriv'el. To shrink, to wither, to wrinkle, to lose moisture and contract. shriv'eling. Kraurosis. Si. Chemical sjmibol of silicon. siagonantritis (si-a-gon-an-tri'(tre')tis) [G. siagon jaw, -I- antron, cave, -I- -iiis.'] Inflammation of the maxillary sinus. sial'aden. [G. sialon, saliva, -t- aden, gland.] A salivary gland. SIALADENITIS 914 SIDEROL sialadenitis (si-al-ad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. sialon, saliva, + aden, gland, + -itis.} Inflammation of a salivary gland. sialadenoncus (si-al-a-de-non'kus) [G. sialon, saliva, + aden, gland, + onkos, tumor.] A tumor of a salivary gland. sial'agogue. Sialogogue. sialapo'ria [G. sialon, saliva, + aporia, want of.] A deficient secretion of saliva. sialemesia, sialemesis (si-al-e-me'sl-ah, si-al-em'e-sis) [G. sialon, saliva, + emesis, vomiting.] Vomiting of saliva or vomiting caused by or accompanying an excessive secretion of saliva. sial'ic. Salivary. si'aline. Salivary. si'alism, sialis'mus [G. sialismos."] Salivation, ptyal- ism, sialorrhea. sialoadenitis (si"al-o-ad-S-m'(ne')tis). Sialadenitis. sialoangiitis (5i"2.-lo-an-je-i'(e')tis) [G. sialon, saliva, + angeion, vessel, + -Ms.] Inflamma- tion of a salivary duct. sialodochitis (si-al"o-dfl-ki'(ke')tis) [G. sialon, saliva, + docks, receptacle, + -itis.] Inflammation of the duct of a salivary gland. sialoductitis (si-al-o-duk-ti'(te')tis) [G. sialon, saliva, + L. ductus, duct, + G. -itis.] Sialodochitis. sialogenous (si-al-oj'en-us) [G. sialon, saliva, + gennao, I produce.] Producing saliva, sialogogue. sialogogic (si-al-o-goj'ik). Sialogogue (i). sialogogue (si-al'o-gog) [G. sialon, saliva, + agogos, drawing forth.] Ptyalogogue. 1. Stimulating the secretion of saliva. 2. An agent which pro- motes the flow of saliva. si'alolith [G. sialon, saliva, + liihos, stone.] A salivary calculus or concretion. sialoUthi'asis. The occurrence of salivary calculi. sialorrhea, sialorrhcea (si"-al-or-re'ah) [G. sialon, saliva, + rhoia, a flow.] Sialism, salivation. sialoschisis (si-al-os'ke-sis) [G. sialon, saliva, + schesis, retention.] Suppression of the secretion of saliva, sialaporia. sialosemiology (si-al-o-se-ml-ol'o-jJ) [G. sialon, saliva, + semeion, sign, + -ology.] The study and analy- sis of the saliva as an aid to diagnosis. sialosteno'sis [G. sialon, saliva, + stenosis, a narrow ing.] Stricture of a salivary duct. sialosyrinx (si-al-o-sir'inks) [G. sialon, saliva, + syrinx, fistula.] A salivary fistula, an unnatural opening into a salivary gland or duct. Siamese' twins. Joined twins, Chang and Eng by name, bom in Siam in 181 1, who for many years were exhibited in the United States and finally settled in North Carolina, married, and brought up families. They died in 1874, Chang being found dead in bed one morning, and Eng dying a few hours later. The one dying first was intem- perate, but his potations had no effect on the other, although post mortem there was found a com- munication between the portal system of the two brothers, a thin bar of liver tissue extending through the connecting band. Teratologically the two constituted a xiphopagus. sibb'ens [Gaelic, subhag, raspberry, cf. framhcBsia,] A form of syphilis formerly endemic in Scotland, the lesions of which resembled those of framboesia. sib'ilant [L. sibilans; sibilare, to hiss.] Hissing or whistling in character, noting a form of r^le. sib'ilus. A sibilant rdle. sibling [A.S., sib, relation, -t- -ling, diminutive.] One of two or more children of the same parents. sibred (sib'red) [A.S. sibrceden, relationship.] Con- dition of being related, of being children of the same parents. Sib'son's aor'tic ves'tibule [Francis Sibson, English anatomist, 1814-1876.] Vestibulum aortje, the portion of the left ventricle just below the aortic opening, having fibrous walls and affording room for the segments of the closed aortic valve. S.'s aponeuro'sis, vertebropleural ligament, attached to the seventh cervical vertebra above and the domeof the pleura below,supporting and strength- ening the latter. S.'s groove, a groove occasion- ally seen on the outer side of the thorax formed by the prominent lower border of the pectoralis major muscle. S.'s notch, a notch on the left border of pericardial dullness in cases of exten- sive effusion. sicc'ant [L. siccans; siccare, to dry.] Siccative sicc'ative [L. siccare, to dry.] Drying. sicchasia (sl-ka'zl-ah) [G. sihchasia, loathing.] The nausea of pregnancy. sic'co. Trade name of an iron-protein combination occurring in the form of a brown soluble powder. siccolabile (sik-o-lab'il) [L. siccus, dry, 4- labilis, perishable.] Subject to alteration or destruction on drying. siccostabile, siccostable (sik-o-stab'il, sik-o-sta'bl) [L. siccus, dry, + stabilis, stable.] Not subject to alteration or destruction on drying. sic'cus \L. ] Dry. sick [A.S. sedc] 1. Ill, unwell, sufferingfrom disease. 2. Nauseated. 3. Menstruating. 4. In childbed. sick-head'ache. Migraine, megrim. sick'le-fonn. The malarial crescent, the primitive sexual form of the parasite of estivoautumnal fever. sickle-hammed, sickle-hocked (sili/l-hamd, sik*!- hokt). Saber-legged. sick'le-hocked. A condition in the horse named from the rounded outline of the hock behind, which in conjunction with the thigh and leg, presents a somewhat semicircular outline. sick'ness. 1. Disease, z. Nausea, car s,, an affection resembling sea-sickness caused by railway riding, falling s., epilepsy, green s., chlorosis, monthly s., menstruation, morning s., the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. mountain s., a symptom-complex of nausea, vertigo, and prostration experienced by one on ascending to high altitudes, sea a,, naupathia serum s., see serums-sickness. Si'da [G. side, pomegranate.] A genus of plants some of which have medicinal properties. S. asiat'ica, a species of India the leaves of which are used as an application to ulcers. S. carpinifo'lia, a species said to be insecticidal. S. lanceola'ta, a species the root of which is diuretic. S. rhomboid'ea, an Indian species the root of which is used in dysentery. side [A.S. side.] One of the two lateral margins or surfaces of a body, midway between the front and back. side-bones. Ossified cartilages on either side of the coflin bone in the horse. side-chain, side-chain theory. See under chain. sid'erans [L. sidus, star.] Fulminating. sidera'tion [L. siderari, to be planet struck.] Any sudden attack, as of apoplexy. sid'erism, sideris'mus [G. sideros, iron.] Metallo- therapy. siderodromophobia (sid"er-o-drom-o-fo'bK-ah) [G. sideros, iron, -I- dromos, road, + phobos, fear.] Morbid fear aroused by the sight, or sometimes thought, of a railway, a locomotive, or a train of cars. sid'erol. Trade name of a pieparation said to con- tain beef essence and iron and phosphorus in organic combination; recommended as a hema- SIDEROL 915 SIGNA tunc in anemia, neurasthenia, rickets, and general debility. sid'erophil, sid'erophile [G sideros, iron, + philos, fond.] I. Absorbing iron. li. A cell or tissue which contains iron. sideroph'ilous. Siderophil (i). sid'erophone [G. sideros, iron, + phone, sound.] An electrical device for detecting a bit of iron in the eyeball, its presence causing the instrument to sound. sid'eroscope [G. sideros, iron, + skoped, I view.] A very delicately poised magnetic needle for the detection of the presence and location of a par- ticle of iron or steel imbedded in the eyeball. sidero'sis [G. iideroj, iron.] i. A form of pneumon- oconiosis due to the presence of iron dust; steel- grinder's disease, scissors-grinder's disease, grinder's asthma, etc. 2. A reddish brown or greenish discoloration of the iris and lens due to the presence of a particle of iron in the vitreous. 3. Discoloration of any part by an iron pigment; when the iron is derived from the blood it is called hematogenous s., when derived from an iron foreign body it is called xenog'enous s. 4. An excess of iron in the blood. sid'erous. Containing or composed of iron. si'donal. Piperazin quinate. new s., the anhy- dride of quinic acid proposed as a substitute for the original sidonal. Siebold's opera'tion (ze'bolt) [Gaspard von Siebold, German surgeon, 1 736-1807.] Hebotomy. Siegle's o'toscope (ze'gleh) [Emil Siegle, German otologist, 1833-1900.] An ear speculum with a bulb attachment by which the air pressure can be varied, thus imparting movement to the membrana tympani while under inspection. Siegle's Otoscope. sieve (siv) [A.S. sife.J A diaphragm of a coarse- meshed fabric, horsehair, wire, etc., used for separating the finer from the coarser parts of any broken or powdered matter, s. bone, ethmoid bone. ». plate, lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid. sig. Abbreviation of L. signa, write; used as the introduction of the signature in a prescription. Sigault's opera'tion (se-go') [Jean Ren6 Sigault, French surgeon, i8th century.] Symphyseot- omy. sigh (si) [A.S. slcan.l i. To make an audible inspiration and expiration under the influence of some emotion. 2. A deep inspiration, made involuntarily under the influence of some emotion, followed by an audible expiration. sight (sit) [A.S. gesihth.] Vision, the ability or faculty of seeing, day s., night blindness, nyctalopia, far s., hyperopia, long s., hyper- opia, near s., myopia, night s., day blindness, hemeralopia. old s., presbyopia, second s., an improvement in near vision in the aged, sometimes caused by swelling of the crystalline lens in incipient cataract, short s., myopia. sig'matism [G. sigma, the letter s.] A form of stammering in which pronunciation of the letter s is imperfect. sig'moid [G sigma, letter S, -I- eidos, form.] Resem- bling in outline the letter S or one of the forms of the Greek sigma (S or C). s. flex'ure, colon sigmoideum, S romanum; the lower curved por- tion of the colon, from the level of the crest of the ilium to its junction with the rectum, s. cav'ity of the la'dius, incisura ulnaris. s. sausage, iliac roll. sigmoidec'tomy [sigmoid + G: ektome, excision.] Excision of the sigmoid flexure. sigmoiditis (sig-moy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the sigmoid flexure. sigmoidopez; (sig-moy'do-pek-si) [G. sigmoeides, sigmoid, -|- pexis, fixation.] Operative at- tachment of the sigmoid colon to tfie belly wall for the relief of prolapse of the rectum. sigmoidoproctostomy (sig-moy"do-prok-tos'to-me) [G. sigmoeides, sigmoid, + proktos, anus, -t- stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial anus by opening into the junction of the sigmoid colon and the rectum. sigmoid'oscope [G. sigmoeides, sigmoid, -t- skoped, I view.] A long speculum for viewing the cavity of the sigmoid colon. sigmoidos'copy. Inspection, through a speculum, of the interior of the sigmoid colon. sigmoidos'tomy [G. sigmoeides, sigmoid, + stoma, mouth.] Establishment of an artificial anus by opening into the sigmoid colon. Sigmund's glands (zeg'moond) [Karl Ludwig Sigmund, Viennese syphilographer, 1810-1883.] The epitrochlear lymph nodes, enlargement of which, especially if accompanied by a slight rise in temperature, was believed by S. to be almost pathognomonic of syphilis. sign [L. signum, mark.] i. A symptom, especially a phenomenon, already present or produced by some maneuver, indicating a, certain disease or morbid state. 2. An abbreviation or symbol. 3. Signature (3). Abadie's s., Ahlfeld's s., Allis's s., for these and the other eponymic signs, see the proper names, access'ory s., a syniptom usually though not always present in a disease, antece'- dent s., a prodromic s. assi'dent s., accessory s. coin s., bellmetal resonance.'** car'diac a., see cardiac, commem'orative s., a phenomenon pointing to the previous existence of some disease other than the one present at the time, con- trolat'eral s., Brudzinski's sign (i). ear s., the ears are not involved in cases of sub- cutaneous inflammation, because of the close adhesion of the skin and cartilage, but in erysipelas and other skin inflammations the ears do not escape, echo s., the involuntary reduplication of the last syllable or word in a sentence, fan s. (Pr. signe de I'Hentail), the spreading apart of the toes in the complete Babinski* phenomenon, lig'ature s., in cases of hemophilia the application of a liga- ture, not very tightly drawn, around a limb will cause the production of ecchymoses in the per- ipheral portion of the member, neck s., Brud- zinski's sign (2). object'ive s., one that is evident to the examiner, phys'ical s., one that is elicited by auscultation, percussion, or palpation, spi'nal s., the spinal muscles are in a state of tonic con- traction on the affected side in pleurisy, sub- ject'ive s., one that is perceived only by the patient, not objective. sig'na. Imperative of L. signare, to write, a word used to introduce the signature in a prescription ; abbreviated to S. or sig. SIGNATURE 916 SIMON'S OPERATION signature (sig'na-tur). i. The part of a prescrip- tion* containing the directions to the patient. 2. Some marking on, or the color or shape of, a plant or mineral, supposed to be symbolical or indicative of its therapeutic virtues, doctrine of sig'natures, the teaching that a signature is an indication of th^ therapeutic virtues of a plant or mineral. sig'naturist. One who, like the followers of Para- celsus, believed in the doctrine of signatures. Signorelli's sign (sen-yor-el'le) [Angelo Signorelli, Italian physician, contemporary.] Tenderness on pressure in the glenoid fossa in front of the mastoid process in meningitis. sil'bamine. Fluoride of silver, a light gray hygro- scopic powder ; employed for urethral and vesical irrigations in solution of i : 1000. sil'berol. A trade name for silver sulphocarbolate, silver phenolsulphonate, or silver phenylsul- phonate; soluble in water and contains 38 per cent, of metallic silver; used in gonorrhea and in conjunctivitis. sU'ica. Dioxide of silicon, silicic anhydride, SiO^. sil'icate. A salt of silicic acid. s. of so'dium, soluble glass; see under sodium, silicea (si-lis'e-ah). The homeopathic preparation of silica triturated with sugar of milk; employed in the treatment of boils and carbuncles, rickets, chronic headache, and bromidrosis of the feet, in doses of the 6th to 200th potency. silicic (sil-is'ik). Relating to silica or silicon, s. acid, one of several colloid acids, solutions of which in water are obtained by treating silicates, but which have not been isolated in a, free state, s. anhy'dride, silica, silicon dioxide, silicious (sil-is'-I-us). Containing silica. Silicoflageirida [silicon + flagellum.] An order of Zoomastigophora, 'the individuals of which have an open skeletal framework of silicon and one flagellum. silicoflu'oride. A compound of silicon and fluorine with another element. sil'icon [L. silex, flint.] A very abundant non- metallic element, symbol S; atomic weight 28.3; like carbon it is obtained in three allotropic forms ; it does not exist in a free state in nature. silico'sis [L. silex, flint.] A form of lung-dust disease or pneumonoconiosis, due to the inhalation of stone-dust; stone-masons' disease, potters' consumption. siliqua (sil'I-kwah). In botany a dry dehiscent fruit with two carpels, occurring in the Crucifera. sil'iqua oli'vas [L. the husk of the olive.] The ectal arcuate fibers, white fibers which pass over the lower portion of the olive in the medulla oblongata. sUique (si-lek') [Fr. ; L. siliqua, husk, pod.] A long slender pod, like that of the mustard plant sil'iquose. Resembling a silique; noting a form of cataract resulting in shrivelling of the lens with calcareous deposit in the capsule. silk'weed. Asclepias. silk'worm gut. A suture material obtained by drawing out in a single thread the fluid silk in a silkworm just ready to spin its cocoon. Sil'pha [G. silphe, a beetle.] A genus of beetles the carrion beetles, which feed upon dead animal matter. sil'phlum. The rhizome of Silphium perfoliatum, Indian cup, a plant of North America employed as a tonic alterative in doses of 5i~i (2.0-4.0) of a fluidextract. sil'ver [A.S. seolfor.] Argentum; a metal of lus- trous white color, of a specific gravity of 10.4 to 10. 7 J one of the elements, symbol Ag, atomic weight 107.88. colloid'al s., coUargol. s. ac'etate, argenti acetas. s. acetguai'acol-trisul'phonate, b. eosolate, argenti* eosolas. s. albu'minate, largin. s. ar'senite, argenti arsenis. s. ca'seinate, argoiiin. s. chlo'ride, argenti chloridum, s. cit'rate, itrol. s. cy'anide, argenti cyanidum. B. e'osolate, argenti eosolas. s. ethylenedi'amine, argentamine. s. flu'oride, silbamine, tachiol. E. gel'atose, albargin, albargol. ». ich'thyolate, ichthargan, ichthargol. s. i'odate, argenti iodas. s. i'odide, argenti iodidum. s. lac'tate, actol. s. ni'trate, argenti nitras. s. nu'cleinate, nargol. s. ox'ide, argenti oxidum. s. oxyquin'oline- sul'phonate, argentol. s. phenolsul'phonate, s. phenylsul'phonate, silberol. s. phos'phate, a yellow amorphous powder, insoluble in water. s. pic'rate, picratol. s. protarbinate, largin. s. pro'tein, protargol, novargan. ». pro'teinate, novargan. s. quinasep'tolate, argentol. s. sodio- ca'seinate, argonin. s. sul'phate, argenti sulphas. s. sulphocar'bolate, silberol. s. vitell'in, argyrol. silver-fork defonn'ity. The deformity resembling the curve of the back of a fork seen in CoUes's fracture. sil'ver-leaf. Stillingia. Silves'ter's meth'od [Henry Robert Silvester, Eng- lish physician, 1829— 1908.] Artificial respiration effected, the patient being on his back, by raising the arms upward by the sides of the head, keeping them there two seconds, then turning the arms down and pressing them firmly against the chest for two seconds. Called by Silvester the physio- logical method. sil'vol. Trade name of a soluble protein-silver compound, said to contain about 20 per cent, of silver, occurring in the form of dark lustrous scales; employed externally in acute inflamma- tion of mucous membranes in 5 to 40 per cent, solution. simaba (se-mah'bah) . The seeds of the cedron fruit, Simaba cedron, a small tree of South America, antidyspeptic, antiperiodic, and antispasmodic, in doses of 1152-5 (0.13-0.3) of a fluidextract. simaruba (sim-ah-ru'bah). The root-bark of Sim- aruba amara and S. glauca, small trees of tropical America, employed as a bitter tonic in doses of 15110-20 (o . 6—1 . 3) of a fluidextract simil'ia sinul'ibus curan'tur [L. likes are cured by likes.] The homeopathic formula expressing the law of similars, or the doctrine that any drug which is capable of producing morbid symptoms in the healthy will remove similar symptoms occurring as an expression of disease. Another reading of the formula, the one employed by Hahnemann, the foimder of Homeopathy, is similia similibus curentur, let likes be cured by likes ; this is called by homeopathic writers a rule of art, the other formula being regarded as expressing a law of nature. siinil''imuin, simiirimum [L. simillimus, most like.] In homeopathy, the remedy indicated in a cer- tain case because the same drug, when given to a healthy person, will produce the symptom com- plex most nearly approaching that of the disease in question. Si'mon's opera'tion [John Simon, English surgeon and obstetrician, 1824-1876.] Repair of a ruptured perineum by suturing first the vaginal mucous membrane and then the cutaneous sur- face. Simon's opera'tion (ze'mon) [Gustav Simon, German surgeon, 1824-1876.] i. Colpocleisis. 2. Marck- wald's* operation. S.'s posi'tion, a position for WIXJ.VHJJ.-N O >jri!^K.AiHJIN 917 SiiMSiltUSil/ vaginal examination, the woman lying on the back with hips elevated, thighs and legs flexed, _ and thighs widely separated; Edebohls' position. Simon's sep'tic fac'tor (si'mon) [Charles E. Simon, American physician, *iS66.] In pyogenic in- fections there is always a diminution or absence of the eosinophiles associated with an increase of the neutrophiles in the blood. S.'s sign, in in- cipient meningitis in children the movements of the diaphragm are dissociated from those of the - thorax. Simon's symp'tom (ze'mon). Polyuria occurring in cases of cancer of the breast, due to metastases to the hypophysis cerebri. Simonart's threads (se-m6-nar') [Pierre Joseph C6cilien Simonart, Belgian obstetrician, 1817- 1847.] Fibrous bands passing between the fetus and the amnion, due to the stretching of adhesions by the accumulation of fluid. Simo'nea folliculo'rum. Demodex folliculorum. Simonelli's test (se-mo-nel'le) [P. SimonelU, Italian physician.] Of renal adequacy: iodine is given internally and if it appears at the same time in the urine and the saliva the kidneys are sound. sim'ple [L. simplex.} i. Plain, not complicated, not compound 2. A medicinal herb. sim'pler, sim'plist. An herb-doctor, one who treats disease with simples. simplex character (sim'pleks kar'ak-tur) [L. sim- plex, simple, unmixed. ] In heredity a character for which the determinant is derived from one parent only. Simp'son for'ceps [Sir James Young Simpson, Scottish obstetrician, 1811-1870.] An obstetri- cal forceps (see cut under forceps). Simp'son light. A lamp emitting ultraviolet rays, produced by an electric arc between two elec- trodes, one of tungstate of iron and the other of manganese. Simp'son's plug or splint [William Kelly Simpson, New York laryngologist, 1855-1914.] A com- pressed cotton tampon, cut to shape, inserted into the nasal fossa to retain the parts after opera- tion on the septum, or to plug the nares in epis- taxis. Sims' Position. Sims' posi'tion [J. Marion Sims, American gyne- cologist, 1813-1883.] To facilitate a vaginal examination, the woman lying on the side with the under arm behind the back, the thighs flexed, the upper one more than the lower. S.'s spec'ulum, a double duck-bill vaginal spec- ulum. si'mul [L.] At once, at the same time; a term used in the signature of a pre- scription. simula'tion [L. simulare, to imitate, to feign.] I. To imitate, said of a disease or symptom which resembles another. 2. Malingering, feigning illness. Simu'Iium. A genus of biting gnats or midges including the black-flies and buffalo-gnats of North America. gim'ulo. The seeds of Capparis coriacea, capers, employed in hysteria and epilepsy in doses of 5 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . o) of a tincture. Sims' Specultjm. sinal'bin [sinapis alba, white mustard.] A fixed oil in white mustard from which acrinyl sulpho- cyanide is formed by the action of myrasin. sinam'ine. AUyl cyanamide derived' from oil of mustard. sin'apine. A base, C15H23NO5, not obtained in a free state, existing as a sulphocyanate in white mustard. Sina'pis [G. sinapi, mustard.] A siibgenus of —^rassica, cruciform plants, including mustard, s. ai'ba (U.S.), s. al'bae sem'ina (Br.), white mustard, the ripe seed of Sinapis alba; the powder is stomachic in small doses, emetic in large ones; externally is rubefacient and counterirritant, em- ployed in the form of poultices or pediluvia. s. ni'gra (U.S.), sina'pis ni'grae sem'ina (Br.), black mustard, the ripe seed of Brassica nigra; used for the same purposes and in the same way as s. alba. sinapis'copy [G. sinapi, mustard, -f- skopeo, I examine.] The testing of disorders of sensation by the application of mustard to the skin. siii|^pism. A mustard plaster. sin'apize. To treat or mix with mustard. sinap'olin. Diallyl urea, obtained from oil of mustard. sincipital (sin-sipl-tal). Relating to the sinciput. sin'ciput, gen. sincip'itis [L. half of the head.] I. The upper half of the cranium; in a restricted sense the anterior part of the head just above and including the forehead. ^. Bregma. sin'ew [A.S. sinu.} i. A "tendon. 2. Popularly, in plural, nervous and musctilar strength, weep- ing s., ganglion (3). sing. Abbreviation of singular, and of L. singulo- rum, of each. sing'ers' nodes or nod'ules. Chorditis tuberosa. singulta'tion [L singultus, hiccup.] Hiccupping. singul'tous. Relating to hiccups. singul^tus [L.] A hiccup. sin'igrin [sinapis nigra.] Potassium myronate, a. glucoside in black mustard from which the vola- tile oil of mustard, allyl isosidphocyanate, is formed by the action of myrosin. sinis'ter, f. sinis'tra, neut. sinis'trum [L.] j.. Left. 2. (sin'is-ter). Of evil import, of bad prognosis. sinistrad (sin'is-trad, sin-is'trad) [L. sinister, left, -f- ad, to.] Toward the left side. sinistral (sin'is-tral, sin-is'tral). Relating to the left side, left, sinister. sinistraural (sin-is-traw'ral) [L. sinister, left, -t- auris, ear.] Left-eared; noting one who hears more distinctly with the left ear. sin'istrin. A levorotatory substance, resembling dextrin in other respects, obtained from squill. sinistrocardia (sin-is"tro-kar'di-ah) [L. sinister, left, +' G. kardia, heart.] Displacement of the heart beyond the normal position on the left side. sinis"trocer'ebral [L. sinister, left, -I- cerebrum, brain.] Relating to the left cerebral hemisphere. sinistroc'ular [L. sinister, left, + oculus, eye.] Left-eyed; noting one who uses the left eye by preference in monocular work, such as the use of the microscope. sinlstroman'ual [L. sinister, left, + manus, hand.] Lefthanded. sinistrop'edal [L. sinister, left, + pes(ped-), foot.] Left-footed; noting one who uses the left leg by preference, in hopping for instance. sinistrorse (sip'is-trors) [sinister, left, + versus; ver- tere, to ttim.] Turned or twisted to the left. sinistrose (sin'is-tr5z). A levorotatory sugar, levulose. SINISTROSIS 918 SINUS sinistrosis (sin-is-tro'sis) [L. sinister, awkward, un- lucky, + -osis.] Shell-shock. sinistro torsion (sin-is"tro-tor'shun). A turning or twisting to the left. sinlstrous. Sinistral. sink'aline. Choline in mustard, combined with sinapic acid in sinapine. sin''uate. Sinuous. sinuat'rial, sinu-auric'ular. Relating to the sinus venarum and the right atrium of the heart. sinuitis (sin-u-i'(e')tis) [L. sinus -H G. -iiis.] In- flammation of the lining membrane of any sinus, especially of one of the accessory sinuses of the nose, sinusitis, frontal s., metopantritis. sin'uous [L. sinuosus.] Tortuous, bending in several directions. si'nus, pi. (Eng.) si'nuses, (L.) sinus [L. bay, hollow.] ±. A channel for the passage of blood, which has not the coats of an ordinary blood-vessel; such are the blood-passages in the gravid uterus or those in the cerebral meninges. 2. A hollow in bone or other tissue; antrum. 3, A fistula or tract leading to a suppurating cavity. G. a'IsB par'vae, s. of the small wing (of the sphenoid bone), s. sphenoparietalis [BNA]. s. aor'tffl [BNA], s.ValsalvEe, the space between each semilunar valve and the wall of the aorta. s. basila'ris, plexus basilaris [BNAJ. s. cavemo'sus [B NA], cavernous sinus, a paired blood-sinus on either side of the sella turcica, the two being connected by anastomoses, the anterior and pos- terior intercavernous sinuses in front and behind the hypophysis respectively, making thus the circular sinus. s. circula'tis (i) [BNA], a venous ring around the hypophysis, formed by the cavernous and the two intercavernous sinuses; (2) a venous sinus at the periphery of the placenta; (3) s. venosus sclerse. s. corona'rius [BNA], a short trunk receiving most of the veins of the heart, running in the sulcus between the left atrium and ventricle, and emptying into the right atrium between the inferior vena cava and the atrio- ventricular orifice. s. costomediastina'lis [BNA], see sinus pleura. s. du'r£B ma'tris [BNA], sinuses of the dura mater, cerebral sinuses; see the following: J. cavernosus, s. cir- cularis, s. inter cavernosus anterior, s. inter cavernosus posterior, s. occipitalis, s. parasinoideus, s. petrosus inferior, s. petrosus superior, s. rectus, s. sagittalis inferior, s. sagittalis superior, s. sphenoparietalis, s. transversus. s. epididym'idis [BNA], a narrow space between the body of the epididymis and the testis. s. ethmoida'lis, one of the air-cells or spaces in the ethmoid bone. s. fronta'lis [BNA], frontal sinus; a hollow formed on either side by the separation of the two plates of the frontal bone, beneath the superciliary ridge; it com- municates by the infundibulum with the nasal fossa of the same side. s. intercaverno'sus ante'rior [BNA], anterior inter- cavernous s., see sinus cavernosus. s. intercaverno'sus poste'rior [BNA], posterior inter- cavernous s., see sinus cavernosus. s. jugula'ris, one of three enlargements of the jugu- lar veins; that of the external jugular (s. j. externm) is between the two sets of valves; those of the internal jugular (s.j.interncB) are at the origin (bulbus superior) and near the termination (bulbus inferior) . s. lactif'erus [BNA], ampulla, a circumscribed spindle-shaped dilatation of the lactiferous duct just before it enters the nipple. B. laryn'gis, ventriculus laryngis [BNA]. s. latera'lis, s. transversus. s. longitudina'lis, s. sagittalis [BNA]. s. mastoid'eus, one of the cells in the mastoid process of the temporal bone, B. maxilla'ris [fiNA], maxillary sinus, antrum of Highmore; an air cavity in the body of the superior maxilla, communicating with the middle meatus of the nose. s. Mey'eri, see Meyer. s. obli'quus, oblique s., a pericardial fold covering the posterior aspect of the left atrium (auricle) be- tween that and the esophagus. s. occipita'lis [BNA], an unpaired vessel commencing at the confluens.sinuum and passing downward in the base of the falx cerebri to the foramen magnum where it bifurcates and passes to the transverse sinus and the venous plexus of the upper cervical vertebrae. s. paranasa'lis [BNA], accessory nasal sinus, one of the cavities in the bones of the face lined by mucous membrane continuous with that of the nasal cavities; these sinuses are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, and ethmoidal. s. parasinoid'eus, parasinoidal sinus, lacuna lateralis, one of a number of irregular spaces in the dura mater communicating with one of the cranial blood-sinuses. s. petro'sus infe'rior [BNA], inferior petrosal s., a paired sinus running in the groove on the petro-occipi- tal fissure connecting the cavernous sinus with the bulb of the internal jugular vein. s. petro'sus supe'rior [BNA], superior petrosal sinus, a paired sinus in the groove on the pyramid of the tem- poral bone, connecting the cavernous sinus with the transverse sinus. s. phrenicocosta'lis [BNA], see sinus pleura. s. pirifor'mis, recessus piriformis [BNA], s. pleu'rae, two recesses of the pleura, one behind the sternum and costal cartilages {s. costomediastinalis) , the other between the diaphragm and chest wall (s. phrenicocostalis) . s. pocula'ris [cup-cavity], utriculus* prostaticus [BNA]. s. poste'rior [BNA], a deep groove above the pyrami- dal eminence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity. s. prostaficus, s. pocularis, utriculus* prostaticus [BNA]. s. recta'lis [BNA], one of the grooves, with pocket- like recess at the lower end, separating the rectal columns. s. rec'tus [BNA], straight s., tentorial s., an unpaired sinus in the posterior part of the falx cerebri where it is attached to the tentorium cerebelli; it passes horizon- tally to the confluens sinuum. s. reua'lis [BNA], the cavity of the kidney, contain- ing the cal/ces and pelyis. s. rhomboida'Hs, rhomboccelia, a dilatation of the central canal of the spinal cord in the lumbar region. 8. sagitta'Us infe'rior [BNA], s. longitudinalis infe- rior, an unpaired sinus in the lower margin of the falx cerebri, running parallel to the sinus sagittalis superior and emptying into the sinus rectus. G. sagitta'Us supe'rior [BNA], s. longitudinalis su- perior, an unpaired sinus in the sagittal groove, beginning at the foramen cascum and terminating at the confluens sinuum. s. sigmoid' eus, the S-shaped portion of the s, latera- lis lying on the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the jugular process of the occipital bone. s. sphenoida'lis [BNA], a cavity in the body of the sphenoid bone communicating with the nasal fosses. s. sphenoparieta'lis [BNA], s. alSfe parvae, a paired sinus beginning on the parietal bone, running along the posterior margin of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, and emptying into the cavernous sinus s. tar'si [BNA], tarsal s., a hollow or canal formed by a broad groove in the talus, just anterior to the poste- rior articular facet {sulcus tali), and a corresponding groove in the calcaneus {sulcus calcanei). s. termina'lis, the vein bounding the area vasculosa in the blastoderm. s. tonsilla'ris [BNA], the space between the palatine arches in which lies the tonsil. s. transver'sus [BNA], transverse s., (i) lateral s., it begins at the internal occipital protuberance (at the confluens sinuum), the right as the continuation of the superior sagittal, the left of the straight sinus, and at the jugular foramen becomes continuous with the internal jugular vein; (2) a passage in the peri- cardial sac between the tubular sheath covering the origins of the great vessels and the atria, or auricles. s. tym'pani [BNA], sinus of the tympanum; a small circular depression between the vestibular and cochlear fenestree on the inner wall of the tympanum. SINUS gig SKELETON s. urogenita'lis [BNA], an embryonic structure derived from the cloaca, which is transformed into the vestibule of the vagina in the female and the ure- thra in the male. s. Valsal'vse, s. aortse. s. vena'rum [BNA], s. vena'rum cava'nim, the por- tion of the cavity of the right atrium (auricle) of the heart which receives the blood from the venae cavae ; it is separa'ted from the rest of the atrium by the crista terminalis. s. veno'sus [BNA], saccus reuniens, the posterior of the four dilatations of the primitive tubular heart; the cavity at the posterior end of the cardiac tube in the embryo, in which the veins from the body unite; in the course of development it forms the termination of the venae cavffi, the portion of the right auricle between the orifices of these vessels, and the coronary sinus, s. veno'sus scle'rse [BNA], venous s. of the sclera, canal of Sohleram or of Lauth, a ring-like vein in the sclera, near its anterior edge, encircling the cornea. s. vertebra'les longitudina'les [BNA], columns of venous plexuses lying on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies on either side of the posterior longi- tudinal ligament. straight s., s. rectus. sinusitis (si-nus-i'(e')tis). Sinuitis. sinusoid (si'nus-oyd) [L. sinus + G. eidos, re- sembling.] I. Resembling a sinus. ^. A blood- space in certain organs, as the pleen, liver, and pancreas. 3. In mathematics, a sine-curve. sinusoidal (si-nus-oy'dal). Relating to a sinusoid, s. cvirrent, an alternating induced electrical current in which the two current strokes are equal, the graphic illustration of the current being a sine- curve, or sinusoid. sinusoidaliza'tion. The application of a sinusoidal current ; d' Arsonvalization. SiOj- Silicic anhydride, silicon dioxide. si'phon [G. siphon, a pipe.] x. A bent tube or pipe having legs of unequal length; when the shorter leg is inserted in a vessel containing a liquid and suction is made on the longer leg so as to bring the liquid over the bend into the longer leg, the liquid will continue to flow through the siphon until the vessel is empty. 2. A bottle contain- ing a liquid charged with carbonic acid, with a glass tube running to the bottom of the bottle; when a stop-cock at the upper end of the tube is opened, the presence of the carbonic acid gas forces the liquid out. siphonage (si'fon-ej). Washing out the stomach or other cavity by means of a siphon. Siphonaptera (si-fon-ap'te-rah) [G. siphon, a tube, -t- apteros, wingless.] A genus of wingless suctorial insects; fleas. siphono'ma [G. siphon, tube, + -oma.] A neoplasm of tubular structure. Siphunculata (si-fun-ku-lah'tah) [L. siphunculus, dim. of G. siphon, tube. ] An order of suctorial insects which includes the lice. Sip'py's meth'od [Bertram Welton Sippy, Chicago physician, *i866.] Treatment of gastric ulcer by neutralizing the free acid of the gastric juice, with a view to prevent further corrosive action. si'ren-limb [L. siren, a mermaid.] Union of the two lower limbs with partial separation of the feet, sirenomelus; see cut under sympus. Birenome'lia. A monstrosity in which the two lower limbs are fused into one. Birenom'elus [G. seiren, mermaid, -I- melos, limb.] A monster with fusion of the lower limbs. siri'asis [G. seiriasis, from seiriao, I am hot.] Sun- stroke. si'rolin. Trade name of a 10 per cent, solution of thiocol in syrup, recommended in the treatment of tuberculosis in doses of 3 1-2 (iS-o-3o-o)- sir'up. Syrup. sismother'apy [G. seistnos, shaking, + therapeia, treatment.] Vibratory massage. sit'fast. A small hard cutaneous tumor on the back of a horse, often resulting from the indura- tion of a neglected warble. sitieirgia (sit-I-Ir'jI-ah) [G. sition, food, + eirgo, I refuse.] Refusal to take food. sitiol'ogy [G. sition, food, + -logia.] Sitology. sitioma'nia [G. sition, food, -\- inania, frenzy.] Sitomania, bulimia. sitiopho'bia [G. sition, food, + phobos, fear.] Sito- phobia. Sitka Hot Springs, Alaska. The waters are said to contain iron, sulphur, manganese, and chlorine, 120° F. Four sptings. Used by drinking and bathing in syphilis, rheumatism, diseases of the skin and blood. The spring months. sitol'ogy [G. sitos, food, + -logia.] Dietetics. sitoma'nla [G. sitos, food, + mania, frenzy.] Bulimia. sitopho'bia [G. sitos, food, -I- phobos, fear.] An insane fear of taking food. sitotherapy (si-to-ther'^-pi) [G. sitos, food, -I- thera- peia, treatment.] Dietotherapy,* trophother- sitotox'in. Any food poison, especially one developing in grain. sitotoz'ism [G. sitos, grain, food, -|- toxikon, poison.] I. Poisoning by spoiled or fungous grain. ^. Pood poisoning in general. si'tus [L.] Site, situation, s. inver'sus, a trans- position of the viscera, the liver being on the left side, the heart on the right, etc. s. perver'sus, malposition of any viscus. s. transver'sus, s. inversus. sitz-bath [Ger. sitzen, to sit.] Hip-bath; one in which the bather sits in a small tub. sixth nerve. Nervus abducens. SjHqvist's meth'od (syo'kvist) [John August Sokvist, Swedish physician, *i863.] The use of a baryta mixture in the determination of the amount of urea in the urine. Skagg's Hot Springs, California. Carbonated- borated waters, 120° F. to 140° F. Four springs. skat'ol, skatol'ogy, etc. Scatol, scatology, etc. skein (skan) [Gael., sgeinnidh, hempen thread.] The coiled thread of chromatin seen in the early stage of mitosis, test skeins, skeins of wool of various colors used in testing for color-blindness by Holmgren's method. skelal'gia [G. skelos, leg, + algos, pain.] Pain in the leg. skel'etal. Relating to the skeleton, s. muscle, a muscle connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body. skeletiza'tion. Extreme emaciation, "reduced to a skeleton." skeletogenous (ske-le-toj'en-us) [G. skeleton, + gennao, I produce.] Producing a skeleton or bony framework, osteogenic. skeletol'ogy [G. skeleton -t- -logia.] The branch of anatomy and of mechanics dealing with the skeleton. skel'eton [G. skeletos, dried.] 1. The bony frame- work of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton or neuroskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). 2. All the dry parts remaining after the destruction and removal of the soft parts ; this includes ligaments and carti- lages as well as bones. 3. All the bones of the body taken collectively, appendic'ular s., the skeleton of the limbs, ax'ial s., the skeleton of the head and trunk, vis'ceral s., the skeleton of the hemal arches, that part of the skeleton which protects SKELETON 920 SLEEP-DRUNKENNESS the viscera — the anterior portion of the skull, sternum, ribs, and innominate bones; splanchno- skeleton. Skene's glands [Alexander Johnston Chalmers Skene, American gynecologist, 183 8-1 900.] Par- aurethral glands, which see under glandula. skeocytosis (ske-o-si-to'sis) [G. skaios, left + kytos, cell, + ~dsis.'\ Deviation* to the left, neocytosis. skew. I. Squint, strabismus. 2. A piebald or spotted horse, s. muscle, see muscle, s. pu'pils, deviation of the ocular axes, one passing upward the other downward. ski'agram [G. skia, shadow, + gramma, a writing.] A print made from a photographic plate exposed to the action of the a;-rays, an a;-ray photograph. ski'agraph. Skiagram. skiag'raphy [G. skia, shadow, + grapho, I write.] The making of :x:-ray photographs, the passage of a:-rays through a more or less solid substance, such as part of the body, in front of a photo- graphic plate, the softer parts through which the rays penetrate readily appear in light shadow, the bones and other more solid structures appear in darker shadow on the plate. skiam'eter [G. skia, shadow, + metron, measure.] A device for measuring the intensity or pene- trating power of the x-Ta.ys. ski'ascope [G. skia, shadow, + skopeo, I examine.] An instrument employed in skiascopy.' skias'copy [G. skia, shadow, + skopeo, I examine.] I. Retinoscopy. 2. Fluoroscopy. skin [A.S. scinn.] The membranous covering of the body, cutis, integumentum commime [BNA]. decid^uous s., keratolysis, elas'tic s., cutis elastica. glos'sy s., shining atrophy of the skin, usually of the hands, following injury of the nerve supplying the part. loose s., dermatolysis. parchment s., atrophy of the skin, true s., cutis vera, corium, derma. absence, adermia. atrophy, derniatrophia, atropho- derma, liodermia. beneath, hypodermic, hypoder matic, subcutaneous, bleeding from, dermatorrhagia , hematidrosis , hematopedesis. blistering, epispastic , vesicant, vesicatory, blueness, cyanosis, congestion- dermathemia. deficiency of pigment, aibinism, alpho- sis, leucopathia, leucopathy. description, dermatog- raphy, dermography. disease, dermatosis, dermaton- osus, dermatopathy; dermatoneurosis, neurodermato- sis (of nervous origin); dermatom,ycosis (parasitic), discoloration, derma tod yschroia, parachroia, para- chroma, melanosis, denigration; argyria (from sifver) ; xanthopathy, icterus, jaundice (yellow) ; cyanosis (blue), dropsy, anasarca, edema, dermatochysis, hygro- dermia. dryness, xerodermia, goose, cutis anserina, dermatospasmus, horripilation, grafting, dermepen- thesis. hypertrophy, dermatauxe, dermatchypertrophy, dermypertrophy, pachydenna. in, endermic, ender- rnatic. inflammation, dermatitis, dermitis, haploderma- titis.cutitis.scytitis. livideruption.pelidnoma.pelioraa, peliosis, ecchymosis, vibices, ecchysis, petechiEe, pur- pura, on, epidermic, epidennatic. pam, dermalgia, dermatalgia, dermatodynia. parasite, dermatophyte (vegetable) , dermatozoon (animal) . pigmentation, melanosis, melanoderma, hyperchromatosis. redden- ing, rubefacient, epispastic. redness, erythrodermia, erubescence, rubefaction. relating to, dermal, cuta- neous, integumentary, relaxation, dermatolysis, der- n^ectasia, resembling, dermatoid, dermoid, science of diseases, dermatology, dermatonosology, dermatopa- thology. softening, dermatomalacia. through, percu- taneous, diadermic, diadermatic. without, adermic, adermatic. adermous, apellous, skinless, yellowness, xanthopathy, xanthochromia, xanthochroia, jaundice, icterus, skin-graft'ing. The placing of bits of epidermis or larger strips of the entire skin on a denuded sur- face in order to supply defects or to stimulate a new growth of epidermis ; for a description of vari- ous methods, see Krause, Oilier, Reverdin, Thiersch, Wolfe. skin-bound. Hide-bound, affected with sclero- derma. Sko'da*s r^le [Joseph Skoda, Viennese physician, i8o5-i8Sr.] A rdle in a bronchus heard through an area of consolidated tissue in pneumonia. S.'s sign, Skodaic* resonance. S/s tym'pany, S.'s sign. Skoda'ic. Relating to Skoda, s. res'onance, a peculiar high-pitched sound, less musical than that obtained over a cavity, elicited by percussion just above the level of a pleuritic effusion. sko'tograph. Scotograph. skull [Early Eng. skulle, a bowl.] Cranium, the bony framework of the head, consisting of 22 bones, 14 of the face and 8 of the brain-case. absence, acrania. back, occiput, boat-shape, scaph- ocephaly, cymbocephaly. broadness, platycephaly. conical shape, acrocephaly, oxycephaly, craniometric points, acanthion, alveolar, antinion, asterion, auricu- are, basion, dacryon, glabella, glenoid, gonion, inion, lambda, malar, mental, metopion, nasion, obelion, ophryon, opisthion, pterion, stephanion (inferior and superior), subnasal. crushing the fetal, cephalo- tripsy, cephalothlasia, cranioclasis, cranioclasty, basil- ysis, basiolysis, basiotripsy, cephalotomy, craniotomy, excision of part, craniectomy; trephining, trepanna- tion, cephalotrypesis, craniotrypesis. fetal (carti- laginous) , chondrocranium. fissure, cranioschisis ; diastematocrania (longitudinal) ; craniorrhachischisis (skull and spine), front, sinciput, bregma, having boat-shaped, scaphocephalic, cymbocephalic. having broad, platycephalic, platycranial, platybregmatic. having conical, acrocephalic (vertical), oxycephalic, (longitudinal), having high, hypsicephalic. naving high and broad, hypsibrachycephalic. having high and narrow, hypsistenocephalic. having large, raego- cephalic, megalocephalic, macrocephalic. having long, dolichocephalic, macrocephalic. having medium sized, mesocephalic, metriocephalic. having narrow, leptocephalic, stenocephalic, stenobregmatic. having short, brachycephalic. having small, microcephalic, nanocephalic. having thick, pachycephalic. having well proportioned, metriocephalic, orthocephalic. high vaulted, hypsicephaly. instrtiments for crushing the fetal, craniotome, cephalotome, cranioclast, ceph- aloclast, cephalotribe, cephalotryptor, basilyst, bas- iotribe, craniotrypsotome. large size of, cephalonia, megacephaly, megalocephaly, macrocephaly, lengthy, dolichocephaly, macrocephaly. measurement of, crani- ometry, narrowness, leptocephaly, stenocephaly. plastic surgery, cranioplasty. protrusion of contents through a fissure, craniocele, cephalocele, encephalo- cele. puncture of, cephalocentesis. science relating to, craniology, craniometry, section of the fetal, craniotomy, cranioclasis. shortness, brachycephaly ; hyperbrachycephaly (extreme). smallness, micro- cephaly, nanocephaly, microseme. softening, cranio- malacia, craniotabes. thickening, craniosclerosis, cra- niostenosis, pachycephaly. top, vertex, calvaria, vault, vault of, calvaria, calvarium, sinciput, skullcap, skuU'cap. I. Calvarium, sinciput; the upper dome- like portion of the skull, roofing the brain. ^, Scutellaria. skunk' -cabbage. Dracontium, Symplocarpus fceti- dus. slant, slanf -culture. See culture. sleep [A.S. sleep.] A physiological state of relative unconsciousness and inaction of the voluntary muscles, the need of which recurs periodically. It is a period of regeneration of the higher nervous system and of muscular tissue, the nutritive and metabolic processes continuing. The number of hours in the twenty-four given to sleep varies from six or seven in the aged to twelve or fourteen in the infant, the average for the male adult being eight and for the female adult nine, these figures varying somewhat with the individual, elec'tric s., a condition of unconsciousness induced by the passage of a Leduc* current through the brain. paroxys'mal s., sleep epilepsy, narcolepsy; a sud- den uncontrollable disposition to sleep occurring at irregular intervals, with or without obvious predisposing or exciting cause. sleep -disor'der. Somnipathy. sleep-drunk'enness. Somnolentia; a half waking condition in which the faculty of orientation is in SLEEP-DRUNKENNESS 921 SNAGGLE-TOOTH abeyance, and tinder the influence of nightmare- like ideas the person becomes actively excited and violent, sometimes to the extent of inflicting injury upon others. sleep'iness. Somnolence, an inclination to sleep. slee'ping cells. See under cell. sleep'ing-sick'ness. i. African trypanosomiasis, African lethargy, nelavan, narcolepsy; an endem- ic disease in tropical Africa caused by the pres- ence in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Try- panosoma gambiense, a protozoan introduced by the bite of a species of tsetse fly, Glossina pal- palis. The symptoms consist in mental deterio- ration, an increasing tendency to drowse or sleep, tremors, enlargement of the lymphatic glands, emaciation, an evening elevation of temperature, and a rapid pulse. The disease is uniformly fatal, if untreated, but recovery has been observed after the employment of organic arsenic compounds. 2. Encephalitis lethargica. sleep'lessness. Insomnia. sleep-produ'cing. Hypnotic, somniferous, somni- facient, soporific, soporiferous. sleep-talking (slep-taw'king). Somniloquence, somniloquism, somniloquy. sleep-walking (slep-waw'king). Somnambulism, somnambulance. slide. An oblong glass plate on which is placed an object to be examined under the microscope. sling. A supporting bandage, such as a loop sus- pended from the neck and supporting the flexed forearm, lentic'ular s., ansa lenticularis. slobb'ering. A condition in farm animals marked by an imnatural flow of saliva due to the inges- tion of certain foods, such as fresh red clover hay. slough (sliif). I. Necrosed tissue separated from the living structure, vi. To separate from the living tissue, said of a dead or necrosed part. sloughing phagede'na, hospital gangrene. slows (sloz). Milk-sickness, trembles. Slu'der's meth'od or opera'tion [Greenfield Sluder, American laryngologist, *i86s.] Removal of the faucial tonsil in its capsule. S.M.A. Abbreviation for synthetic milk adapted, an artificial infant food, composed of skim milk, milk sugar, and cod-liver oil. smallpox [E. small pocks, or pustules.] Variola, an acute eruptive contagious disease marked at the onset by chills, high fever, backache, and head- ache ; in from 2 to 5 days the constitutional symp- tomis subside and the eruption appears ; this is at first papular, the papules become vesicles, and the latter pustules; the vesicles are umbilicated; the pustules dry and form scabs which on falling off leave a permanent marking of the skin (pock- marks). The average incubation period is 8-14 days, con'fluent s., a severe form in which the lesions nm into each other, forming large suppur- ating areas, discrete' s., the usual form in which the lesions are separate and distinct from each other, hemorrhag'ic b., a severe form of s. accompanied by extravasation of blood into the skin in the early stage, or into the pustules at a later stage, accompanied often by nosebleed and hemorrhage from other orifices of the body. mod'ified s., varioloid, varicel'loid s., varioloid. smear, smear-culture. See culture. Smee cell [Alfred Smge, London surgeon, 1818-1877.] An electric cell consisting of a plate of zinc and one of platinized silver dipping into dilute sul- phuric acid. smeg'ma [G. smegma, unguent.] Sebum, secretion of the sebaceous glands; specifically, s. prsepu'tii [BNA], the whitish cheesy secretion of Tyson's glands which collects beneath the prepuce. s. clitor'idis [BNA], the secretion of the odoriferous glands of the clitoris. smell. I. To scent, to perceive by means of the olfactory apparatus, u. The sense of smell, olfaction. 3. An odor, a scent, or'gan of s., organon olfactus. sense of s., olfaction. smell-brain. Rhinencephalon. Smell'ie's scis'sors [William Smellie, London obstetrician of Scotch birth, 1697-1763.] Lance- pointed shears, with external cutting edges, employed in craniotomy. Smellie's Scissors. smi'lacin. Smilasaponin, CjuHj^O,,,, a non-crystal- lizable substance from sarsaparilla. Smi'laz [G.] A genus of plants, the root of several tropical American species of which yields sarsapa- rilla ; that of a North American species is used as a substitute for sarsaparilla in doses of 3i— i (2.0—4.0) of a fluidextract. Smith's disease' [Eustace Smith, London physician, 1835-1914. ] Mucous colitis. S.'s sign, a venous hum heard on auscultation over the manu- brium stemi when the head is thrown back, in cases of enlarged bronchial glands Smith's frac'tnre [Robert William Smith, Irish sur- geon, 1807-1873.] Fracture of the radius near its lower articular surface. Smith's opera'tion [Henry Smith, English surgeon in the India Medical Service.] Extraction of an immature cataract with the capsule intact. Smith's phenom'enon [Theobald Smith, American pathologist, *i859.] A form of anaphylaxis, occasioned in certain animals by the injection of a foreign serum or of some otherwise inert protein, in which a second injection, even in minute quantity, causes respiratory failure, con- vulsions, paralysis, and often death. Smith's solu'tion of bro'mine. Liquor bromi (N.F) smith's spasm. Hephestic* hemiplegia. Smith's test [Walter George Smith, Irish physician contemporary.] For bile in the urine: when tincture of iodine is poured gently over urine containing bile pigments, a green color appears at the plane of contact of the two fluids. Smith-Plt'field meth'od [John Blackburn Smith, English surgeon, contemporary; Robert L. Pittfield, American physician, *i87o ] For stain- ing flagella: a mordant is made by saturating a hot saturated solution of corrosive sublimate with ammonia alum, then mixing with an equal part of 10 per cent, tannic acid solution and adding one-half part 5 per cent, carbol-fuchsin solution; the preparation is treated with this mixture and then stained with a saturated alcoholic solution of gentian violet, i, in a satu- rated ammonium alum solution, 10. smokers' can'cer. Epithelioma of the lip or tongue, thought to be due to long continued irritation by hot tobacco smoke or by the stem of a clay pipe. smudging (smuj'ing). A form of slurring or scamp- ing speech in which 'the more difiicult consonants are dropped. Sn. The chemical symbol of tin (L. stanmim) snagg'le-tooth. A tooth which is out of line with the others. SNAKEROOT 922 SODIUM snake'root. Serpentaria. black a., cimicifuga. Canada »., wild ginger, Asarum canadense, Sen'eca s., senega. Texas s., Aritolochia reticulata, resembling serpentaria in its properties. Vir- ginia s., serpentaria. white s., Eupatorium ageratoides. snake-stone. A smooth light piece of pumice stone or calcined bone, applied by natives of tropical countries to snake-bites in the belief that the stone will suck out the venom. snakeweed. Euphorbia pilulifpra, snake'wort, Bistorta. snap'finger. Trigger-finger. snare [A.S. snear, a cord.] An instrument for use in removing polypi and other projections from any surface, especially one within a cavity ; it con- sists of a wire loop which is passed around the base of the tumor and gradually tightened, cold s., the ordinary unheated s. galvanocaus'tic s., hot s., a tj. the wire of which is raised to a red or white heat by the galvanic current. sneeze [A.S. fnedsan.] 1. To expel air from the nose and mouth by an involuntary spasmodic contraction of the muscles of expiration. 2. An act of sneezing, a reflex excited by an irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose. Snell's law [Simeon Snell, English ophthalmologist, 1851— 1909.] Descartes'* law. Snell'en's reform' eye [Herman Snellen, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1834-1908.] An artificial eye formed of two concavoconvex plates with a hollow space between them. S.'s test types, square black letters printed on a card, employed in testing the acuteness of distant vision; the letters vary in size in such a way that each one subtends a visual angle of 5' at the distance at which the normal eye should be able to distin- guish it. snore [A.S. jnoro.] 1. A rough rattling inspiratory noise produced by vibration of the pendulous palate, or sometimes of the vocal cords, during sleep or coma; stertor, rhonchus. a. To breathe noisily, or with a snore. snot. A vulgar term for a thick mucous secretion from the nose. snow [A.S. sndw.] A crystalline precipitation of frozen aqueous vapor, carbon-diox'ide s., solidi- fied (frozen) carbon dioxide employed in the treatment of warts, lupus, nevi, and other skin aflfections. snow' -blindness. Conjunctival irritation caused by the reflection of bright sunlight from snow; it is characterized by photophobia, blepharospasm, a burning pain in the eyes, hyperemia, and chemosis, with or without pronounced ambly- opia. snuff. I. To inhale forcibly through the nose. a. Finely powdered tobacco used by inhalation through the nose or applied to the gums. 3. Any medicated powder applied by insufflation to the nasal mucous membrane; errhine. cjitarrh' s., a powder used by insufflation in the treatment of coryza; a formula is given in the N.P. under the title: pulvis anticatarrhalis. snuffles (snuf'lz). Obstructed nasal respiration, especially in the newborn infant, then often due to congenital syphilis. SO2. Sulphurous anhydride, sulphur dioxide, usually called sulphurous acid, which is properly HjSOa. soam'ine. Sodium para-aminophenylarsonate, an arylarsonate employed in the treatment of syphilis, in doses of gr. 10 (0.6) by hypodermic injection every other day. soap [A.S. sape, L. sapo, G. sapon.] A compound of a fatty acid with an alkali, used for cleansing purposes and as an excipient in the making of pills and suppositories, an'imal s., sapo animalis. Castile' s., sapo (U.S.), sapo durus (Br.), curd s., sapo animalis. green ■<., sapo mollis, hard s., sapo (U.S.), sapo durus (Br.), insol'uble s., a compound of a fatty acid with an earthy or metallic base, marine' s., a soap made of cocoa- nut-oil or palm-oil and soda which dissolves in salt water, salt-water s., marine s. soft s., sapo mollis, sol'uble s., a compound of a fatty acid with potassa, soda, or ammonia, superfatt'ed s., a s. containing an excess (3 to 5 per cent.) of fat above that necessary to neutralize completely all the alkali ; employed in the manufacture of medi- cated soaps and in the treatment of skin dis- eases, tallow s., sapo animalis. soap-albu'min. A combination of soap and albu- min, supposed to be the constitution of the intracellular soap granules ; protein-fat. soap-bark. Quillaja. Boap-cyst. Butter-cyst. soap-root. Yucca. sob. A short involuntary inspiration, spasmodic in character, accompanying weeping. socaloin (sok-al'o-in). An aloin, CuHijO,, obtained from Socotrine aloes. so'cia parot'idis [L. companion of the parotid.] Glandula parotis accessoria, an accessory parotid gland sometimes found detached from the parotid at the beginning of Stenson's duct. sock'et [L. soccus, a shoe, a sock.] i. The hollow part of a joint, the excavation in one bone of a joint which receives the articular end of the other bone. a. Any hollow or concavity into which another part fits, as the eye-socket. ». joint, enarthrosis. tooth s., alveolus, the cavity in which the root of a tooth is fixed. Socotrine (sok'o-tren) [Socoira, an island in the Indian ocean.] Relating to the island of Socotra, noting a variety of aloes, aloe socotrina, imported from Bombay and ofiicial in the B.P. so'da. Sodii hydroxidum. s. caus'tica, caustic soda, sodii hydroxidum. s. cum caice (N.F.), soda with lime, London paste; equal parts of sodium hydroxide and lime; escharotic. s. tar- tara'ta (Br.), tartrated soda, potassii et sodii tartras (U.S.). Soden, Germany (zo'den). Saline-carbonated waters, 52° F. to 86° F. Twenty-four springs. Used by drinking and bathing in chronic catar- rhal affections of the respiratory organs, tubercu- losis, emphysema, scrofula, convalescence, dis- orders of digestion and metabolism, heart affections, and debility. May to September 30. so'dic. Relating to or containing soda or sodium, s. chalyb'eate, noting a mineral water containing both sodium and iron. so'dii. Genitive of sodium, s. acetas, s. carbonas, etc., see under sodium. sodio-. A prefix denoting a compound containing sodium; as sodiocitrate, sodiotartrate, a citrate or tartrate of some element containing sodium in addition. sodiocaff'eiue sul'phonate. Symphoro] Na. sodiotheobro'mine sal'icylate. Diuretin. so'dium. A metallic element, symbol Na (L. natrium), atomic weight 23, a silvery white lustrous alkali metal of the consistence of wax, oxidizing readily in air or water; the salts of sodium are extensively employed in medicine as well as in the arts. The metal itself is official in the B.P., but only its salts in the U.S. P. SODIUM 923 SODIUM sodii ace'tas (U.S.), sodium acetate, NaC2H802 + 3H2O; colorless, odorless, translucent, prismatic crys- tals, of saline taste, soluble in water; employed as a diuretic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0), and as a laxa- tive in doses of 3 1-3 (4.0-8.0). H. acetsulphan'ilate, cosaprin. B. anhydrometh'yiene-cif rate, citarin. so'du arse'nas (U.S.), sodium arsenate, Na2HAs04 + 7H2O; colorless, odorless, translucent, prismatic crystals, of alkaline taste soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as white arsenic, arsenous tri- 03ade, in doses of ao-xV (0.003-0.006); the officia sodium arsenate of the B. P. is the equivalent of ex- siccated sodium arsenate, U.S.P. Bo'dii arse'nas exsicca'tus (U.S.), exsiccated sodium arsenate, sodii arsenas (Br.), Na2HAs04; a white, odor- less powder, soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as the preceding in smaller doses, gr. aWs (0.002—0.004). s. bar'biturate, the English make of barbital-sodium. or soluble veronal. so'dii ben'zoas (U.S., Br.), sodium benzoate, NaCy- H5O2; a whita crystalline or amorphous powder, with- out odor, of a sweetish and slightly astringent taste, soluble in wa^er; employed in chronic gout and rheu- matism in doses of gr. 20-60 (1.3-4,0). so^dii benzosulphin'idum (U.S.), sodium benzosul- phimde, soluble saccharin, sodium-saccharin, occurring as a white powder or prismatic crystals, of a very sweet taste, soluble in water; dose gr. 3 (0.2). so'dii bibo'ras (Br.), sodii boras (U.S.), borax, occurs in the form of a white powder or colorless prismatic crystals; employed in solution as a gargle and mouth wash and as a deodorant in bromidrosis. so'dii bicarbo'nas (U.S., Br.), sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrocarbonate, NaHCOs; a white inodorous powder of very "faintly alkaline taste, soluble in 11 or 12 parts of water; employed in acid dyspepsia, in rheumatism, and in general as an antacid in doses of gr. s-30 (0.3-2.0). so'dii bicarbo'nas sacchara'tus, saccharated sodium bicarbonate; sodium bicarbonate 75, sugar 25; used in the preparation of effervescent powders. so'dii bisul'phis, sodium bisulphite, acid sodium sul- phite, NaHSOa; granular or crystalline powder, or prism.atic crystals, of sulphurous odor and taste, solu- ble in water; employed in gastric and intestinal fer- mentation in doses of gr. 10—20 (0.6-1.3). so'dii bo'ras (U.S.), soditim borate, laorax (Br.) NaB4H7+ 10H2O; colorless, translucent, prismatic crystals without odor and of sweetish alkaline taste, soluble in 17 parts of water; employed as a mouth wash in aphthous stomatitis, and as a douche in leucor- rhea, and recommended in epilepsy in doses of gr. S-30 (0.3-2.0). so'dii boroben'zoas (N.F.), sodium borobenzoate; sodium borate 3 , sodium benzoate 4 ; urinary antiseptic in doses of gr. 30 (2.0). B. borosal'icylate, borsalyl. so'dii bro'midum (U.S., Br.), sodium bromide, Na- Br; colorless, translucent, prismatic crystals, of saline, bitterish taste, soluble in water; employed in epilepsy and other spasmodic affections and as an hypnotic in doses of gr. 10-60 (0.6-4.0). so'dii cacody'las (U.S.), sodium cacodylate, sodium dimethylarsenate, (CH3)2AsO.ONa + 3H2O; a white amorphous powder, soluble in water; employed • in anemia, leucemia, chorea, and malaria in- doses of gr, ^3 (0.03-0.2). s. caffeine -sul'phonate, symphorol Na, s. canthar'idate, a white, soluble, crystalline powder, employed hypodermically in laryngeal tuberculosis in doses of TIP3-6 (0.2—0.4) of a 0.06 percent, (6-10,000) solution. so'dii carbo'nas (Br.), sodium carbonate, sal soda, washing soda, Na2C03 -I- 10 H2O; an inodorous crys- talline salt, of alkaline taste, soluble in water; employed internally to meet the same indications as sodium, bicarbonate, and externally for the relief of bums, to rheumatic joints, and in scaly diseases of the skin; dose gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). so'dii carbo'nas exsicca'tus (Br.), dried sodium carbonate, NaaCOs; a white powder of alkaline taste, ' soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as sodium carbonate. so'dii carbo'nas monohydra'tus (U.S.), monohy- drated sodium carbonate, Na2C03 + H20; a white crystalline powder soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as sodium carbonate. so'dii chlo'ras, sodium chlorate, NaClOa; occurs as a white crystalline powder, of saline taste, soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as potassium chlorate; dose gr. s-iS (0.3-1.0). so'dii chlo'ridum (U.S., Br.), sodium chloride, com- mon salt, table salt, NaCl; one of its most important medical uses is in making the physiological salt solution of 0.6 to 0.9 per cent, strength, or about a teaspoonful to the pint. eo'dii cin'namas, sodium cinnamate, hetol; employed in phthisis and as a vasodilator, in doses of gr. 3-5 (0.2-0.3). so'dii ci'tras (U.S.), sodium citrate, 2Na3C6HB07-|- 11H2O; a white granular powder, of saline taste, solu- ble in water; diuretic and antilithic in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). so'dii citrotar'tras efferves'cens (Br.), effervescent sodium citrotartrate; sodium bicarbonate 17, tartaric acid 9, citric acid 6, sugar 5, thoroughly mixed and passed through a sieve to form a granular powder which dissolves with effervescence in water; diapho- retic and diuretic in doses of 5 1-2 (4.0-8.0). so'dii cyan'idum (U.S.), sodium cyanide, occurring in the form of a white granular powder or amorphous pieces, soluble in water and deliquescent; this takes the place of potassium cyanide in the U.S.P. 1900. s. dithiosal' icy late, dithion. s. eth'ylate, a reddish yellow, mildly caustic powder, soluble in alcohol and water; employed in 10 per cent aqueous solution in lupus and certain other skin diseases. s. ethylsul'phate, s. sulphovinate, a white crystalline powder, soluble in water and alcohol; laxative in doses of 3 1-4 (4.0-16.0). 8. flu'oride, fiuorol, a white crystalline powder of saline taste, soluble in 25 parts of water; employed in epilepsy, tuberculosis, and malaria in doses of gr. 12-J (0.005-0.01), and externally in antiseptic dressings in I per cent, solution. s. for'mate, a white crystalline powder soluble in water; employed in pneumonia and tuberculosis in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). so'dii glycerophos'phas (U.S.), sodium glycerophos- phate, sodium glycerinophosphate, occurring in the form of white Scales or powder, soluble in water; em- ployed in nervous affections, anemia, and debility in doses of gr. 2-6 (0.13-0.4). s. group, a group of five (or six) basylous elements, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium (and silver) ; the latter is not always included in the group, for it differs from the others in physical properties, but resembles them in chemical properties. so'dii hippu'ras, sodium hippurate, said to be a solvent of uratic gravel and calculi in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). so'dii hydrox'idum (U.S.), sodium hydroxide, so- dium hydrate, caustic soda, NaOH; occurs in hard opaque masses, caustic and of an acrid alkaline taste, soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as potassium hydroxide. so'dii hyposul'phis, s. thiosulphas. so'dii hypophos'phis (U.S., Br.) , sodium hypophos- phite, NaPH202 + H2O ; white granular powder of somewhat bitter sweetish taste, soluble in water- employed in anemia and debility in doses of gr. 5—1^ (0.3-1.0). so'dii in"digotindisurphonas (U.S.), sodium indigo- tindisulphonate, indigo car-mine, occurs in the form of a blue powder or a soft purple mass; employed as a stain in microscopy and as a test for sugar in the urine. so'dii io'didum (U.S., Br.) .sodium iodide, Nal ; occurs in cubical crystals or as a white cr^'stalline powder, soluble in water; employed for the same purposes as potassium iodide in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). so'dii methylarae'nas, sodium methylarsenate, ar- rhenal, arsenyl, neoarsycodile; colorless soluble crys- tals obtained by the interaction of methyl iodide and sodium arsenate in the presence of an excess of alkali; SODIUM 924 SOFTENING employed in tuberculosis, chorea, and other affectiona in which the cacodylates are used, in doses of gr. i-ii (0.03-0.1). 8. methylsul'phate, colorless crystals, soluble in water, employed for the same purposes as s. ethyl- sulphate. so'dii ni'tras, sodium nitrate, cubic niter, Chile salt- peter, NeNOb; a colorless crystalline powder of a cool- ing, saline, bitterish taste, soluble in water; has been employed in diarrhea in doses of 5 1-2 (4.0-8.0). so'dii ni'tris (U.S., Br.), sodium nitrite, NaN02; white crystalline powder of saline taste, soluble in water; has been employed for the same purposes as nitro- glycerin in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). s. nu'cleate, s. nu'cleinate, a salt employed, appar- ently beneficially, in the treatment of scarlet fever. B. o'leate, eunatrol, a white soft mass, used as a. cholagogue in doses of gr. 10-15 (0.6-1.0). s. paracre'sotate, a crystalline powder of bitter taste, soluble in warm water; recommended as a gastric and intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 2-10 (0.13-0.6). so'dii perbo'ras (U.S.), sodium perborate, obtained by the action of boracic acid on sodium peroxide; em- ployed in the extemporaneous preparation of hydrogen peroxide, 25 gm. in I liter (7 drams to i quart) of water being said to make a s-volume hydrogen peroxide. so'dii phenolsul'phonas (U.S.), sodii sulphocarbolas (Br.), occurs as white rhombic crystals soluble in 5 parts of water; employed in tonsillitis and as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). so'dii phos'phas (U.S., Br.), sodium phosphate, sodium orthophosphate, Na2HP04 4-i2H20; a granu- lar crystalline salt, with a cooling saline taste, soluble in 5.S parts of water; laxative in doses of 5i-3 (2.0-8.0). so'dii phos'phas efEerves'cens (U.S., Br.), exsiccated sodium phosphate 200, sodium bicarbonate 477, tar- taric acid 252, citric acid 162, mix and pass through a sieve to make a granular salt; dose 5 1-4 (4.0-16.0). so'dii phos'phas ezsicca'tus (U.S.), exsiccated so- dium phosphate, anhydrous or dried sodium phos- phate; dose gr, 10-60 (0.6-4.0). so'dii pyrophos'phas, sodium pyrophosphate, Na^Pa- O7+10H2O, a crystalline powder of cooling saline taste, soluble in 11 J parts of water; employed occasion- ally as a laxative in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). so'dii salicyl'as (U.S. and Br.), sodium salicylate, in white tabular crystals or scales; employed in rheuma- tism, neuralgia, influenza, intestinal fermentation, tonsillitis, and other affections in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). so'dii santoni'nas (U.S. 1880), sodium santoninate. Colorless, translucent plates of bitter taste, soluble in "water; formerly employed as an anthelmintic. s. sil'icate, soluble glass, water glass, Na2SiO>, made by fusing together sodium carbonate and pow- dered quartz; a solution is used to impregnate band- ages for applying fixed dressings; it has also been given internally in gout and tuberculosis. s. silicoflu'oride, a white granular powder, odorless and tasteless, employed as an antiseptic irrigating fluid in solutions of from 1-2000 to 1-500. s. ste'arate, a white powder-of soapy feel, soluble in water; used externally in sycosis and parasitic skin diseases. s. suc'cinate, white prisipatic crystals, soluble in water; employed in catarrhal jaundice in doses of gr. S~^5 (0.3-1.0). s. Bulphaa'ilate, white shining leaflets soluble in water, employed to correct iodism in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). so'dii sul'phas (U.S., Br.), sodium sulphate, Glau- ber's salt, Na2S04-l- ioH20; colorless, prismatic crystals, of a saline bitter taste, soluble in 2.8 parts of water; it is an ingredient of many of the natural laxa- tive waters; employed as a purgative in doses of 3 2-8 (8.0-30.0). so'dii sul'phas efEerves'cens (Br.), sodium sulphate 25, sodium bicarbonate 25, tartaric acid 13.5, citric acid 9, mix and pass through a sieve to form a coarsely granular powder; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). so'dii sul'phis (Br.) , sodium sulphite, Na2S03 -f- 7H20; colorless, translucent, prismatic crystals of a sulphurous saline taste, soluble in water; employed for the relief of intestinal fermentation in doses of gr. 20-40 (1.3-2.6), and externally in aphthous stomatitis. so'dii sul'phis exsicca'tus (U.S.), dried sodium sul- phite, occurring in the form of a white powder, soluble in three parts of water; employed for the same purpose as sodium sulphite in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). so'dii sulphocar'bolas (Br.), sodii phenolsulphonas (U.S.). s. sulphoric'inate, s. sulphoricino'leatef polysolve, solvin, made by combining castor oil, sulphuric acid, and sodium hydroxide and chloride; a thick brownish yellow liquid forming an emulsion with water; used as a solvent for iodine, iodoform, resorcinol, pyrogallol, and a number of other substances for external use. s. sulphovi'nate, s. ethylsulphate. G. tar'trate, Na2C4H406-l-2H20; white soluble crys- tals, employed as a diuretic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0), and as a laxative in doses of $4-8 (15.0- 30.0). 8. taurocho'late, a yellowish gray powder soluble in water, extracted from the bile of carnivora; chola- gogue in doses of gr. 2-6 (0.13-0.4). B. tel'lurate, a white soluble powder, employed in the night sweats of phthisis in doses of gr. i-J (0.015- 0.0s). so'dii thiosul'phas (U.S. and Br.), sodium thio- sulphate or hyposulphite, Na2S203-l-5H20; employed in solution as a lotion for ringworm and chloasma, and internally as a purgative and to reduce blood pres- sure in doses of gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0). 5. val'erate^ s. vale'rianate^ a white crystalline mass or powder, of unctuous feel with faint odor and taste of valerian, soluble in water; a nervine tonic in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). so'dium-ichthyol (ik'the-ol). Sodium ichthyol- sulphonate, occurs as a brown mass soluble in the usual menstrua; employed as an alterative and antiseptic in doses of gr. 2—10 (o. 13-0.6). sodoku (s5-do'koo) [Jap. rat-poison.] Rat-bite fever. sod'omist, sod'omite [G. sodomites, an inhabitant of Sodom, a city destroyed by fire, according to the Biblical narrative, on account of the wickedness of its people.] One who practises sodomy. sod'omy. Unnatural sexual relations between persons of the same sex, especially males, or between a beast and a human. sodophthalyl (so-dof-thal'il). A derivative of phenolphthalein, disodoquinone phenol- phthalein; used as a laxative. Soemmering's f ora'men (ze'mS-ring) [Samuel Thomas von Soemmering, German anatomist, 1755-1830.] Fovea centralis, which was thought at one time to be an opening. S.*s gan'glion, sub- stantia nigra. S.'s gray sub'stance, the anterior portion of the anterior perforated space, of a darker color than the rest. S.'s Ug'ament, suspensory ligament of the lacrymal gland. S.'s nerve, the long pudendal nerve, a branch of the small sciatic, running through the anterior por- tion of the perineum and supplying the skin of the scrotum. S.'s spot or yellow spot, macula lutea. soft [A.S. sofie.] Not hard, not resistant, yielding, s. comm'issure, commissura media, commissura mollis, massa* intennedia [BNA]. s, palate, velum pendulum palati, palatum* moUe. s. parts, the non-bony and non-cartilaginous tissues of the body. s. soap, sapo mollis. softening (sawf'ning). Malacia, moUities, the act of becoming or state of being soft, a diminution of the normal consistence of a tissue, ane'mics., "white softening of the brain, gray s., a stage of s. following yellow s. in which there has been more or less absorption of the fat. hemorrhag'ic s.| red s. mucoid s., myxomatous degeneration. red s., s. of the brain in which bleeding has taken place into the necrosed part, white s., anemic s., •FTENiNG 92s SOLUTION 1. of the brain due to complete cutting off of the Jlood-supply. yellow S., a late stage of s. of the jrain in which fatty degeneration of the cells has )ccurred together with a deposit of altered Dlood pigment. 1-disease'. A disease supposed to be caused by jmanations from the soil, as was formerly nalaria. a bean (so'yah ben). Soy bean. 1. L. A colloidal dispersion in which the dis- persed particles are of the size of submicrones. 2. Abbreviation of solution. an'idine. A crystallizable alkaloid, CjsHnNOj, Dbtained by treating solanine with dilute acids; its effects are similar to those of solanine, but it is said to be free from the irritant action of the latter. 'lanine. An alkaloid of not definitely deter- mined composition obtained from dulcamara and from potato sprouts; it causes nausea and vom- iting, dryness of the fauces, vertigo, headache, weak pulse, and muscular tremors or convulsions. I'anoid [L. solanum + G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a potato in texture, said of certain malignant growths. lano'ma [L. solanum + G. -oma.] A solanoid neoplasm. la'num [L. nightshade.] A genus of plants of the order Solanacets, including various species of nightshade as well as the potato. S. carolinen'se, the horse-nettle, apple of Sodom, a North Amer- ican plant, used in eclectic practice in the treat- ment of epilepsy and other convulsive affections and of whooping-cough, in doses of n^io— 20 (0.6-1.3) of t^6 specific preparation. S. dul- cama'ra, bitter sweet, see dulcamara. S. nigrum, black nightshade. S. tubero'sum, the potato. la'num (N.P.). Horse-nettle berries, the dried ripe fruit of Solanum caroUnense; has been rec- ommended as an adjuvant to the bromides in the treatment of epilepsy in doses of 5 1 (4 • 0) of the N.P. fiuidextract. Tar [L. Solaris; sol, sun.] Relating to the sun or sunlight, s. fever, dengue, s. plejcus, plexus coeliacus. s. ther'apy, s. treatment, heliotherapy. la'rium [L. sol, sun.] A sun-parlor, an outside gallery or roof-room enclosed in glass. lation (sol-a'shun). In colloidal chemistry, the transformation of a gel into a sol. Idaini's rea'gent (sol-dah-e'ne) [Arturo Soldaini, Italian chemist.] Copper carbonate 15, potas- sium bicarbonate 416, water 1400; one part of this reagent boiled with two parts of urine will result in the throwing down of a yellow precipi- tate if the urine contains glucose. le [A.S.] The under part of the foot, the plantar surface, planta [BNA]. lenoid (so-le'noyd, sole-noyd) [G. solen, a pipe, a groove, + eidos, resemblance.] i. A coil of wire in the shape of a cylinder; when a bar of iron is placed in the center of the cylinder and a current of electricity is passed through the wire the iron core becomes a magnet. ^. An apparatus like a large solenoid used for d'Arsonvalization. le-plate. The arborization, surrounded by gran- ular protoplasm, of the axis-cylinder, constituting the nerve end-organ in muscle. le'us [L. solea, sole, sandal.] See under musculus. Iferino (sol-fer-e'no). Rosaniline, fuchsin. I'id [L. solidus.] 1. Firm, compact, not fluid; without interstices or cavities, not cancellous. 2. A body which retains its form when not con- fined, one which is not fluid, neither liquid nor gaseous. Solida'go [L.] A genus of plants of the order Com- posite, the goldenrods. S. odo'ra, sweet or fragrant goldenrod, and S. virgau'rea, Aaron's rod, wound-wort, have carminative and astrin- gent properties. sol'idism. The ancient doctrine that diseases are due to changes in the solid parts of the body; opposed to humoralism. sol'idist. An adherent of the doctrine of solidism. solidis'tic. Relating to solidism. sol'itary [L. solitarius; solus, alone.] Alone, single, not agminated or forming one of a group, s. bundle, fasciculus solitarius. s. foU'icles, s. glands, noduli lymphatici solitarii [BNA]. sol'oid. Trade name of a figure in the shape of a truncated cone into which certain salts and other drugs are compressed for convenience in dispensing. Sol'omon's seal. The rhizome of several species of Polygonatum, having properties similar to those of convallaria. Solovieff's phenom'enon (s6-lawM-yef). Phrenic* phenomenon in tetany. sol'phinol. Trade name of a white crystalline powder said to be composed of boric acid, borax, and various sulphites, recommended as an external antiseptic. solubil'ity. The property of being soluble. sol'uble [L. solubilis; solvere, to dissolve.] Capable of being dissolved. sol'ubrol. Trade name of an orange-yellow in- odorous powder recommended as a substitute for iodoform. sorurol. A trade name for thyminic* acid. solute (so-liit') [L. solutus, dissolved.] The dis- solved substance in a solution. solution (so-lu'shun) [L. solutio; solvere, to dissolve.] I. The termination of a disease by crisis. 2. A break, cut, or laceration of the solid tissues, used in the term, solution of continuity. 3. The in- corporation of a solid or a gas in a fiuid sub- stance, the resultant being a homogeneous liquid; cf. dispersion and suspension. 4. Spe- cifically, in pharmacy, an aqueous solution of a non-volatile substance. In the language of the Pharmacopoeia, an aqueous solution of a non- volatile substance is called a solution or liquor; an aqueous solution of a volatile substance is a water or aqua; an alcoholic solution of a non- volatile substance is a tincture or tinctura; an alcoholic solution of a volatile substance is a. spirit or spiritus; a solution in vinegar is a vine- gar or acetum; a solution in glycerin is a glycerite or glyceritum; a solution in wine is a wine or vinum; a solution of sugar in water is a, syrup or syrupus; a solution of a, mucilaginous sub- stance is a mucilage or mucilago; a solution of an alkaloid or metallic oxide in oleic acid is an oleate or oleatum. [Por definitions of Donovan's s., Fowler's s., and other eponymic terms, see the proper names.] ace'tic s., acetum. alco- hol'ic s., spiritus; tinctura. a'queous »., aqua; liquor, arsen'ical s.. Fowler's* s. centinor'- mal s., a solution one-hundredth the strength of a normal s., abbr. chem'ical s., one in which the solute and solvent react to form a new substance which is then dissolved in the re- mainder of the solvent; the original substance cannot be recovered on evaporation. coU'oid s., an apparent solution of a colloid substance, a dispersoid* or an emulsoid.* decinor'mal s., a solution one-tenth the strength of a normal s.. SOLUTION 926 SOMNAMBULANCE abbr. — • In the case of sodium chloride, this 10 is approximately the so-called physiological salt solution, which is, however, frequently and in- correctly called a normal salt solution, ethe'- real s., a solution of any substance in ether. grammolec^ular s., a solution of the strength of one gram*-molecule of any substance in one liter of water or other menstruum; normal s. isoton'ic salt s., a solution of sodium chloride having the same density or osmotic tension as the blood serum; a physiological salt solution, one which, when injected into the blood-vessels, will cause neither a swelling nor a shrinking of the red corpuscles, molec'ular dis'persed S., dispersoid. normal s., one which contains in one liter sufficient of the dissolved substance to replace one gram of hydrogen ; the number of grams per liter required to make a normal solu- tion is that indicated by the molecular weight of the salt: a normal solution of NaCl contains therefore 58.37 grams per liter, or S . 837 per cent., which is approximately ten times the strength of the physiological salt solution, usu- ally called, incorrectly, a normal salt solution. nu'clear s., hypochromatosis, chromatolysis, caryolysis. phys'ical 5., a simple s. in which there is no change in composition of either solute or solvent, the former being found imaltered on evaporation of the latter, physiolog'ical salt s., liquor sodii chloridi physiologicus (U.S.), a 0.85 per cent, solution of sodium chloride in distilled water; approximately a decinormal s., but usu- ally called a normal salt solution, saline s., a s. of sodium chloride, sat'urated s., one which contains all of a substance which the menstruum is capable of dissolving, seminor'mal s., a solu- tion one-half the strength of a normal s., abbr. -■ standard »., standardized s., a solution of 2 definite strength used as a standard of compari- son with other solutions of the same substance. supersat'urated s., a solution containing more of the solid than the menstruum would ordinarily dis- solve ; it is made by heating the solvent when the substance is added, and on cooling the latter is re- tained without precipitation, test s., a solution of some reagent, in definite strength, used in chemical analytic operations, volumet'ric s., standard s. sol'utol. Trade name of a dark brown liquid, a solution of cresol in an alkaline creosotate; used as a disinfectant. solv. Abbreviation of L. solve, dissolve. solvate (sol' vat). A non-aqueous solution or dis- persoid in which there is a combination of some kind between solvent and solute, or dispersion means and disperse phase; a similar aqueous solution or dispersoid is called a hydrate. solvation (sol-va'shun). Chemical combination of a non-aqueous solvent with the solute, or of a dispersion means with the disperse phase. BoVveTit\h. solvens; solvere, to 6.{s56b7e.'\ i. Capable of dissolving. 2. A menstruum, a liquid which holds another substance in solution. sol'veol. Trade name of a liquid said to contain crosol, dissolved in a solution of a sodium salt; employed as an antiseptic in surgical dressings and in the treatment of skin diseases, in i to 5 per cent, solution. sol'vin. Sodium sulphoricinate. soma (so'mah) [G.] The body, including the head and neck, without the limbs. somacule (so'mah-kul) [somaailum, L. dim. form of G. soma, body.] A protoplasmic molecule, the smallest conceivable particle of protoplasm. somaesthe'sia. Somatesthesia. somatesthesia, somatassthesia (so"mah-tes-the'zI-ah) [G. soma{sdmai-), body, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] Bodily sensation, the consciousness of the body. somatesthet'ic. Relating to somatesthesia. somat'ic [G. sdmatikos, bodily.] i. Relating to the soma or trunk. 2. Relating to the wall of the body-cavity; parietal. 3. Relating to the body; corporeal, physical. 4. Relating to the vegeta- tive as distinguished from the generative, func- tions; vegetative, trophic. somaticosplancluuc (so - mat - 1 - ko - splank'nik) [G. sdmatikos, relating to the body, -I- splanchnikos, relating to the bowels.] Relating to the body and the viscera. somaticovisceral (so-mat-J-ko- vis'er-al). Somati- cosplanchnic. somatochrome (so'mat-o-krom) [G. soma, body, + chroma, color.] Noting the group of neurons or nerve-cells in which there is an abundance of cytoplasm completely surrounding the nucleus. somatodid'ynius [G. soma(sdmai-), body, -I- didy- mos, twin.] A twin monster with fused bodies. somatogenic (so"mah-to-jen'ik) [G. soma(^sdmat-), body, + -genes.] Originating in the soma or body under the influence of external forces. somatology [G. sdm.a, body, + -logia.] 1. The science which deals with the body, including both anatomy and physiology. Bo'matome [G. soma, body, + iomos, cutting.] A somite or metamere. ■^. An instrument for cutting the trunk in embryotomy. somatop'agus [G. soma{sdm.ai-), body, + pagos, fastened together.] A twin monster attached by the bodies. somatopathic (so-ni&-to-path'ik) [G. soma, body, -I- pathos, suffering.] Bodily or organically ill, as distinguished from nervous (neuropathic) or mental (psychopathic) disorder. so'inatoplasm [G. sdma(sdmat-), body, -I- plasma, something formed.] 1. The protoplasm of the cell-body. uj. The aggregate of all the forms of specialized protoplasm entering into the com- position of the body. so"matopleu'ral. Relating to the somatopleure. somatopleure (so'mS.-to-plur) [G. sdma(sdmai-), body, + pleura, side.] The embryonic layer formed by the union of the parietal layer of the mesoderm with the ectoderm; somatic mesoblast. somatopsychic (so"ma-to-si'kik) [G. soma, body, + psyche, soul.] Relating to both body and mind. Bo'matose. Trade name of a food preparation of the soluble albumin of beef. somatosplanchnopleuric (so"ma-to-splank"no-plu'- rik). Relating to both somatopleure and splanch- nopleure. somatot'omy [G. somaisomat-), body, + tome, a cut- ting.] Anatomy of the animal body ; dissection. so"matotrid'ymus [G. soma{s6mat-), body, + tridy- mos, triplet.] A triple monster united by the bodies. somesthe'sia. Somatesthesia. somite (so'mit) [G. soma, body.] Primitive seg- ment; one of Iho pair of masses, formed from the mesoderm between the digestive canal and the surface of the body in the embryo, from which the segment, provertebra, or metamere is developed. som'nal [L. somnus, sleep.] An hypnotic compound of alcohol, chloral, and urethane, ethylated chloral-urethane; dose gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). Bomnam'bulance. Somnambulism. OUMJN AMU UL,XSM 927 tJUUJJAJN Eomnam'bulism [L. somnus, sleep, + ambulare, to walk about.] i. A sleep disorder in which a person walks, writes, or performs other complex acts automatically while in a condition of som- nolence, having no recollection, on awaking, of what he has done. 2. A condition in which one's mental processes are conducted in a more or less unusual or odd way, and in which one seems con- fused and almost as if asleep. somnam'bulist. A sleep-walker, one who is subject to somnambulism. sonuufa'cient [L. somnus, sleep, + facere, to make.] I. Soporific, hypnotic, causing sleep, a. An agent which produces sleep. somniferous [L. somnus, sleep, H- ferre, to bring.] Somnifacient. somnific. Somnifacient. somniloquence, somniloqulsm (som-nil'o-kwens, som-nil'o-kwizm) [L. somnus, sle6p, + loqui, to talk.] Talking in one's sleep. somnil'oquist. An habitual sleep-talker. somniloquy (som-nil'o-kwl). Talking under the in- fluence of hypnotic suggestion. soninip'athist. i. A sufferer from any sleep-disor- der. 2. A subject of induced hypnotism. somnip'athy [L. somnus, sleep, + G. pathos, suifer- ing.] I. Any disorder of sleep. 2. Hypnotism. sora'noform. Trade name of an anesthetic mixture, said to contain ethyl bromide, 5, ethyl chloride, 60, and methyl chloride, 35; recommended as an anesthetic for minor surgical operations and in dentistry. som^nol. Trade name of a synthetic hypnotic de- rived from chloral-methane; dose 3i^~2 (2.0— 8.0). som'nolence, som'nolency [L. somnolentia.] i. Drowsiness, sleepiness. 2. A condition of semi- consciousness approaching coma. som'nolent [L. somnus, sleep.] i. Sleepy, drowsy, having an inclination to sleep. ^. In a condition of incomplete sleep, semicomatose. somnolentia (som-no-len'shl-ah) [L.] 1. Somno- lence. 2. Sleep-drunkenness. soninolescent (som-no-les'ent). Inclined to sleep, drowsy. som'nolism. Hypnotism. som'nos. Trade name of an hypnotic, said to be a solution of chloral glycerolate, obtained by the interaction of glycerin and anhydrous chloral; dose 31-4 (4.0-16.0). som'nus [L.] Sleep. somosphere (so'mo-sfer) [G. soma, body, -I- sphaira, sphere.] One of the constituents, with the centrosome and centrosphere, of the archiplasm. son'ifer [L. sonus, sotind, -I- ferre, to carry.] A form of ear-trumpet, consisting of a receiver connected by a flexible tube with- an ear-piece. son'itus [L. din.] Tinnitus aurium. sonom'eter [L. sonus, sound, 4- G. metron, measure.] A form of acoumeter, in the shape of a bell struck with varying degrees of force. sono'rous [L. sonorus; sonor, sound.] Resounding, giving forth a sound, s. rile, a dry r41e varying in character from a soft coo to a snore; it is often produced by the vibration of a mass of fibrinous exudate or viscid mucous secretion in a bronchus. sophis'ticate [G. sophistikos, fallacious.] To adul- terate. sophistica'tion. Adulteration. so'phol. Trade name of an organic .silver compound, silver f ormonucleinate ; a brown soluble powder recommended in conjunctivitis in 3 to 5 per cent, solution. sophomania (sof-o-ma'ni-ah) [G sophos, wise, -H mania, frenzy.] A form of megalomania in which the patient has an extravagant belief in his own wisdom. Sopho'ra [Ar. sojdra.] A genus of plants of the order LeguminoscB, or bean-family. S. secundi- flo'ra, coral-bean, a Texas species containing sophorine. S. tomento'sa, a tropical species, the bean of which has been used in cholera. soph'oiine. An amorphous poisonous alkaloid from Sophora secundipara and other species of 5., probably the same as cytisine, ulexine, and baptitoxine ; its salts have been used in migraine and asthma. so'por [L.] Stupor, an unnaturally deep sleep. soporif'erous [L. sopor, deep sleep, + ferre, to bring.] Soporific. soporific [L. sopor, deep sleep, -I- facere, to make.] Hypnotic, somnifacient, causing deep sleep. BO'porose, so'porous [L. sopor, deep sleep.] Relating to or causing sopor; comatose, stuporous. sorbefa'cient [L. sorbere, to suck up, -I- facere, to make.] i. Causing absorption. 2. An agent which causes or facilitates absorption. sor'bin. Sorbose, a very sweet non-fermentable glucose, CgHijOe, obtained from the berries of the mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia. sor'bite, A sugar isomeric with mannite and dulcite, CjHuOj -I--JH20, obtained from the berries of the mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia; it is non-fermentable, does not reduce copper salts, and is optically inactive. sordes (sor'dez) [L. sordere, to be foul.] A dark brown or blackish crust-like collection on the lips, teeth, and gums of a person with severe typhoid or other low fever. sore [A.S. sdr.l 1. A wound, ulcer, or any open skin lesion. 2. Painful, bed-s., decubitus, fun'- gating s., a granulating chancroid, hard »., chancre, orien'tal s., oriental boil.* soft »., chancroid, vene'real s., chancroid. sore-shins'. Periostitis of the anterior surface of the metacarpal bones in the horse. sore-throat'. Odynphagia, angina; a condition characterized by pain or discomfort on swallow- ing; it may be any of a variety of inflammations of the tonsils, pharynx, or larynx diphtherit'ic s.-t., croupous tonsillitis, cler'gymen's s.-t., granular pharyngitis, hos'pital s.-t., a superficial septic in- flammation of the mucous membrane of the fauces and pharynx, sometimes observed in hospital internes and nurses, putrid s.-t., gangrenous pharyngitis, angina maligna or gangrenosa, cyanche maligna, sep'tic s.-t., tonsillitis of streptococcic causation, spotted s.-t., follicular tonsillitis, ul'cerated s.-t., putrid s.-t. Soret's band (so-ra'). A dark band in the violet end of the hemoglobin spectrum. sorghum (sor'gum). A plant with saccharine juice, Andropogon sorghum; the seeds are sometimes employed in domestic medicine as a diuretic. soroche (so-ro'cha) [Sp.] Mountain sickness. sororiation (so-raw-ri-a'shun) pi*. sororiare, to increase in size together (said of the temale breasts); soror, sister.] Growth of the breasts at puberty. sorr'el. A plant of the genus Rumex, containing oxalic acid ; it is used as a salad, salt of s., sal limonis. S.O.S. Abbreviation of si opus sit, if necessary, if occasion requires. soterocyte (so'ter-o-sit) [G. soter, preserver, -1- kytos, cell.] Platelet. soudan'. Sudan. SOUFFLE 928 SPACE souffle (soo'fl) [Fr. souffler, to blow.] A softblow- ing sound heard on auscultation, car'diac s., a soft puffing heart murmur, fetal s., funic'ular s., a blowing sound, synchronous with the systole of the fetal heart, heard on auscultation over the pregnant uterus, placen'tal s., uterine s. umbil'i- C£il B. fetal s. u'terine s., a blowing sound, syn- chronous with the cardiac systole of the mother, heard on auscultation of the pregnant uterus. soul-pain (sol'pan). Psychalgia. souma (soo'mah). A trypanosomiasis of horses in West Africa and the Sudan; the pathogenic agent in Trypanosoma cazaibout. sound. I. Noise; the vibrations produced by a sounding body, transmitted by the air or other medium, and perceived by the internal ear. 2. An elongated cylindrical, usually curved instru- ment of metal, used for exploring the bladder or other cavities of the body or for dilating strictures in the urethra or other canal. 3. Whole, healthy, not diseased or injured. 4. To explore a cavity by means of a sound, auscul'- tatory s., a rile, murmur, bruit, fremitus, or other soimd heard on auscultation of the chest or abdomen, car'diac s., heart s., one of the two sounds heard on auscultation over the region of the heart; the first, the longer and duller of the two, occurs with the ventricular systole; the sec- ond, shorter and sharper, occurs in diastole, being the sound of the closure of the semilunar valves. muscle s., a fine murmur heard on auscultation over the belly of a contracting muscle, percus- sion s., any sound elicited on percussing over one of the cavities of the body, respi'ratory s., a murmur, bruit, fremitus, or rile heard on ausctd- tation over the lungs or any part of the respiratory tract. sour'wood. Oxydendron. South Dako'ta Hot Springs, South Dakota. Sul- phated-saline-calcic waters, 96° F. and 98° F. Eight springs. Used by drinking and bathing in neuralgia, gout, rheumatism, metallic and malarial toxemia, paralysis, neurasthenia, catar- rhal disorders of the respiratory tract, chronic skin diseases, dyspepsia, Bright's disease, disorders of the liver and syphilis. south'emwood. brotanum. Trocar. ac^^ O Cannula Southey's Tube. Southey's tubes (sudh'J) [Reginald S. Southey, Eng- lish physician, 1835-1899.] Cannulas of small, almost capillary, caliber, thrust by means of a trocar into the subcutaneous tissues to drain the same in case of anasarca. Soxhlet's appara'tus (soks'let) [Franz Soxhlet, Ger- man chemist, *i848,] An apparatus for steriliz- ing milk, the fluid being contained in sealed flasks surrounded by steam at a temperature of about 102° C. (215.6° P.). so'ya, soy bean. The bean of the climbing herb Glycine soja or G, hispida, Chinese bean, a bean rich in albuminoids and containing little starch, the meal of which is used in preparing a bread for diabetics. Soy'mida febrif 'uga. The only species of the genus Soymida, a tree of the East Indies, the bark of which is astringent and antiperiodic. so'zal. Aluminum paraphenolsulphonate, a granular powder of slight carbolic odor, used in one per cent, solution as an antiseptic application to tuberculous and other ulcers. so'zin [G. sozo, I preserve.] Complement or alexin present in normal serum. sozoidol (so - zo - i'o - dol) . Diiodoparaphenol - sul- phonic acid, sozoiodolic acid; a crystalline powder readily soluble in water, employed chiefly in the form of salts with aluminum, ammonium, barium, lead, lithium, magnesium, mercury, potas- sium, sodiimi, and zinc, which see under the following. sozoiodolate (so-zo-i'o-dol-ate). A salt of sozoio- dolic acid ; most of the salts may be employed in place of iodoform, alu'minnm s., occurs in color- less needles soluble in 3 parts of water, ammo'- nium s,, large shining prisms soluble in 30 parts of water, ba'rium s., colorless needles almost insolu- ble in water, lead s., colorless acicular crystals soluble in 200 parts of water. Uth'ium s., acicular crystals or scales, soluble in 30 parts of water; has been employed internally as a substitute for the salicylates in rheumatism, magne'sium s., colorless needles soluble in 16 parts of water mer'cury s., mercurous diiodoparaphenolsul- phonate, orange- yellow powder soluble in 500 parts of water; employed externally in syphilitic skin diseases and ulcerations and joint affections, and internally in dose of gr. J (o . 03). potas'sium B., crystalline powder soluble in 70 parts of water; employed externally in parasitic skin diseases, and in ozena and gonorrhea, so'dium s., colorless shining needles soluble in 14 parts of water; em- ployed externally or by insufflation in chancre, tuberculous laryngitis, diphtheria, lupus, tuber- culous abscesses and joint disease, and ulcers ; in- ternally as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3—0.6). zinc s., colorless acicular crys- tals soluble in 20 parts of water; employed as an antiseptic and astringent application in various affections of the mucous membranes. sozoiodolic acid (so-zo i-o-dol'ik as'id). Sozoiodol sozo'lic acid. Acidum sulphocarbolicum. sp. Abbreviation of L. spiritus, spirit. Spa, Belgium (spah). Chalybeate-carbonated wa- ters. Cold. Eight or nine springs Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of women, ane- mia, chlorosis, gout, arthritis, rheumatism, ner- vous disorders, gastralgia, cachexia, liver affec- tions, urinary disorders, dyspepsia, migraine, neuralgia, tendency to diarrhea, and debility. Mud baths are given. May to October. space [L. spatium.] Any demarcated portion of the body, either an area of the surface, a segment of the tissues, or a cavity, arach'noid s., subarach- noids. ax'illaiys., the axilla, car'tilages., oneof the spaces in the ground substance of hyaline cartilage which contain the cartilage cells, cor- neal s., lacuna, one of the stellate spaces in interstitial cement substance connecting the lamellae of the cornea, each of which contains a cell or corneal capsule, epidu'ral s., cavum epidurale, the space between the dura mater and the vertebral periosteum or the dura mater and the bones of the cranium, the latter probably lymph spaces, epitympan'ic s., tympanic attic. intercos'tal s., the interval between any two ad- jacent ribs, intercru'ral s., the triangular area between the crura cerebri, interglob'ular s., one of a number of irregular branching spaces near SPACE 929 SPASTIC the periphery of the dentine, they are due to failure of calcification of the dentine, interpleu'- ral s., mediastinum, medlas'tinal s., medias- tinum, per'forated s., substantia perforata. pnetimaf ic s., any one of the accessory sinuses of the nose, poplit'eal s., a lozenge-shaped space at the back of the knee-joint bounded above by the biceps and semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, and below by the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle; it contains the popliteal artery and vein and the small sciatic and popliteal nerves, retroperiton'eal s., the space behind the peritoneiun containing the aorta and its branches, the great sympathetic nerve, and the kidneys, retropharyn'geal s., the space pos- terior to the pharynx, filled with loose areolar tissue, subarach'noid s., cavum subarachnoidale, the space between the pia mater and the arach- noid in which is the cerebrospinal fluid and, at the termination of the spinal cord, the nerves forming the cauda equina, subdu'ral s., caviun subdurale, the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid, subgin'gival s., the space between a tooth and the free margin of the gums, supraster'nal s., a narrow interval between the deep and superficial layers of the cervical fascia above the manubrium sterni, Bums's space, undefen'ded s., pars membran- acea septi. yolk s., an interval in the impreg- nated ovum between the zona pellucida and the vitellus. zon'ular spaces, Petit's canal, spatia* zonularia. spa'dix [G. a palm-branch.] A fleshy spike envel- oped in a bract called a spathe. spagiric (spa-jir'ik) [G. spad, I tear open, + ageiro, I collect.] Relating to the Paracelsian or alchem- ical system of medicine. Spallanzani's law (spahl-lahn-tsah'ne) [Lazaro Spallanzani, Italian naturalist and physiologist, 1729— 1799.] The younger the individual the greater is the regenerative power of its cells. ^pane^mia, spanse'mia [G. spanos, rare, -H haima, blood.] Poverty of the blood, hydremia, anemia spane'mic. i. Relating to spanemia, anemic. 2 An agent "which thins the blood. Span'ish fly. Cantharis. Span'ish wind'lass. Garrote tourniquet.* spanomenorrhea, spanomenorrhoea (span"o- men-or-re'ah) [G. spanos, rare, + men, month, -f- rhoia, flow.] Scanty menstruation. spanopne'a, spanopnoe'a [G. spanos, rare, + pnoe, breath.] Slow and shallow respiration. spar'adrap. Adhesive plaster, especially a medi- cated plaster. sparganosis (spar-gS.-no'sis) . Infestation with some variety of Sparganum. Sparganum (spar'g^-num) [G. sparganon, swad- dling clothes.] A group of larvs of worms of the family DibothriocephalidiE. spargo'sis [G.] i Distention of the breasts with milk. 2. Swelling or thickening of the skin. spark [A.S. spearca.J A small incandescent particle. elec'tric s., the flash of light attended with a crack- ling or hissing sound produced by a discharge of electricity. Spark'ling CatawOoa Springs, North Carolina. The waters are said to be chalybeate and sulphurous. Three springs. Used by drinking and bathing for the decided alterative and tonic properties. Sparta Mineral Wells, Wisconsin. Chalybeate waters. Twelve mineral wells. Used by drink- ing in various disorders. sparteina (spar-te-e'na) [spariium.] Sparteine, an alkaloid obtained from scoparius, Cytisus or 59 Spartium scoparius. spartei'nae sul'phas (U.S), sparteine sulphate, a colorless, odorless, crystal- line powder, of faint saline bitterish taste, soluble in water; employed as a cardiac stimulant and diuretic in doses of gr. J-i (0.015-0.06). spar'tium. Scoparius. spasm (spazm) [G. spasmos.] An involuntary con- viJsive muscular contraction; convulsion, cramp, cadav'eric s., rigor mortis occurring irregularly in the different muscles, causing movements of the limbs, canine s., risus sardonicus. carpoped'al s., see carpopedal. clonic s., alternate involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle, cynic s., risus sardon- icus. fa'cial »., mimic tic. func'tional s., an occupation neurosis, such as writer's cramp. habit s., tic. histrion'ic s., facial s., mimic tic* inten'tion s., a spasmodic contraction of the muscles occurring when a voluntary movement is attempted, mimic s., mimic tic. mobile s., a tonic spasm occurring in spastic infantile hemiplegia on attempted movement, nic'- titating s., winking s., involuntary spasmodic winking, nodding s., salaam convulsions, a neurosis characterized by rhythmical nodding movements of the head, occupa'tion s., profes'sional s., occupation neurosis, pho'nic s., dysphonia spastica, progres'sive tor'sion s. of child'hood, dystonia musculorum deformans. ro'tatory s., spasmodic torticollis, a. spasmodic contraction of the splenius muscle, causing ro- tation of the head, salaam' s., nodding s. sal'tatory s., Gower's disease, a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the lower extremities. smith's s., hephestic* hemiplegia, synclon'ic s., clonic s. of two or more muscles, tonic »., a continuous involuntary muscular contraction. winking s., nictitating s. spasmod'ic. Relating to or marked by spasm, s. asthma, asthma due to spasm of the bron- chioles, s. croup, laryngismus stridulus, s. stricture, a functional stricture, temporary nar- rowing of the urethra or other canal by a spas- modic localized contraction of its muscular coat. spasmol'ogy [G. spasmos, spasm, + -logia.] Study of the nature, causation, and means of relief of spasms. spasmolyg'mus [G. spasmos, spasm, -I- lygmos, a sobbing.] r. Spasmodic sobbing. 2. Spasmodic hiccup. spasmophilia (spaz"mo-firi-ah). Spasmophilic* diathesis. spasmophil'ic [G. spasmos, spasm, + philos, fond.] Having a tendency to convulsive seizures s. diath'esis, a condition in which there is an ab- normal mechanical or electrical excitability of the motor nerves, shown by a tendency to tetany, laryngeal spasm, or general convulsions. spas'motin. Sphacelotoxin, CgoHjiOg, a yellowish resinous powder, used in amenorrhea and as a uterine tonic in doses of gr. -J-i (0.03-0.06). spasmotox'in. A toxic substance isolated from cultures of Bacillus tetani. spas'mus [G. spasmos.l Spasm, s. ag'itans, paraly- sis agitans. s. cani'nus, risus sardonicus. s. coordina'tus, compulsive movements, such as imitative or mimic tics, festination, etc. s. glott'idis, laryngismus stridulus, s. nic'titans, nictitating spasm, s. nu'tans, nodding spasm. spas'tic [G. spasiikos, stretching.] Spasmodic, con- vulsive, s. ane'mia, local anemia from spasmodic vasoconstriction, s. hemiple'gia, partial hemi- plegia with increased reflexes and spasmodic SPASTIC 93° SPECILLUM contraction of the muscles on attempted move- ment, s. paral'ysis, partial paralysis with mus- cular rigidity. spasticity (spas-tisl-tl) A state of muscular rigidity and spasm with exaggeration of the reflexes. spathe (spadh) [G. spathe, a broadsword.] A large bract enveloping a flower-cluster, or a spadix. spa'tia. Plural of spatium, space. spatial (spa'shal). Relating to space or a space. spatium, pi. spatia (spa'shyiun) [L.] A space, s. an'guli ir'idis [BNA], space of the angle of the iris, space of Fontana, one of a number of irregularly shaped spaces between the fibers of the pectinate ligament of the iris, spa'tia jntercosta'lia [BNA], intercostal spaces, the intervals between the ribs. s. interfascia'le [BNA],. the lymph space between Tenon's cap- sule (the connective tissue envelope of the eye- ball) and the sclera, s. interglobula'Te, pi. spa'tia inter globula'ria [BNA], one of a number of irregular branched spaces near the periphery of the dentine of the crown of a tooth through which pass the ramifications of the tubules. spa'tia iateross'ea metacar'pi [BNA], the spaces between the metacarpal bones in the hand. spa'tia inteross'ea metatar'si [BNA], the spaces between the metatarsal bones in the foot, spa'- tia intervagina'lia [BNA], spaces between the layers of the optic nerve sheaths, corresponding to the spaces between the meninges of the brain. s. perichorioidea'le [BNA], perichorioid space, the interval between the chorioid and the sclera, filled . by the loose meshes of the lamina fusca and the lamina suprachorioidea. s. perilym- phat'icum [BNA], a space between the bony and membranous portion of the labyrinth, es. retro- peritonea'le [BNA], the space between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the posterior abdominal wall, spa'tia zonula'ria [BNA, Petit's canal, the spaces be- tween the fibers of the zonule of Zinn at the equator of the crystalline lens. spat'ula [L. dim. of spatha, a paddle.] i. A flat blade like a knife-blade, with no sharp edge, used in pharmacy for spreading plasters and ointments. 2. Scapula. spat'ulate, spat'ulated. Shaped like a spatula. Bpav'in. A disease of the hock- joint of the horse, marked by inflarnmation and swelling, blood s., a distention of the veins in the vicinity of the hock in a horse, due to pressure from the swelling of bog s. impeding the return flow of blood, bog s., a distention of the capsular ligament of the true hock- joint in a horse, accompanied by heat and pain; the swelling appearing primarily in front is believed to be usually the result of sprain or other injury. spay [Gael, spoth, castrate, or G. spadon, eunuch(i').] To remove the ovaries, to castrate (a woman). spearmint (spSr'mint). Mentha viridis. special (spS'shal) [L. specialis; species, a kind.] Relating to a particular subject, individual, s. practice, specialism, s. senses, the five senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling. specialism (spS'shal-izm). In medicine the study and treatment of a particular group of diseases, as of the eye, of the nervous system, of children, etc. specialist (spS'shal-ist). One who devotes himself to the study of a particular science or to the study and treatment of a particular group of diseases. bacteria, bacteriologist, childbirth, obstetrician, ac- coucheur, man-midwife; accoucheuse, midwife, de- formities, orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon, diagnosis, diagnostician, digestive organs, gastroenterologist. diseases of children, pediatrist, diseases of women, gynecologist, ear, aurist, otologist, eye, oculist, ophthalmologist; refractionist (fitter of glasses); optometrist (non-medical fitter of glasses); optician (maker of glasses), feet, podiatrist, chiropodist. heart, cardiologist, internal diseases, internist, intes- tine, enterologist. larynx, laryngologist. mental disorders, psychiatrist, alienist, psychiater, mouth, stomatologist, nervous diseases, neurologist, nose, rhinologist, rhiniatrist. obstetrics, obstetrician, ac- coucheurj man-midwife: accoucheuse, midwife, opera- tive medicine, surgeon, chirurgeon. pathology, path- ologist, protozoa, protozoologist. rectum, proctolo- gist, skin, dermatologist. stomach, gastrologist. syphilis, syphilographer. teeth, dentist, dental sur- geon, odontologist. treatment, therapeutist; electro- therapeutist (electricity) ; hydrotherapeutist (water) ; aerotherapeutist, pneumatotherapist (air); balneolo- gist (mineral springs); radiotherapeutist, roentgenolo- gist, actinotherapeutist (radiant energy): pharmaco- therapeutist (drugs) phototherapeutist (light rays); serotherapeutist (antitoxic and other sera); hypno- therapeutist (hypnotism), tuberculosis, phtnisiother- apist, phthisiotnerapeutist. urinary organs, urologist, genitourinary surgeon. specialize (spS-shal-ize). To devote one s special study and attention to one subject or group of subjects. specialty ( spS'shal-tl). The particular group of dis- eases or branch of medical science to which one devotes his time and attention. spe'cies, pi. species (spe'shez) [L. a kind or sort.] i. A biological division between the genus and a variety or the individual. 2. (plural) A class of pharmaceutical preparations in the P.G. and N.F., consisting of a mixture of dried plants, not pul- verized, but in sufficiently fine division to be con- veniently used in the making of extemporaneous decoctions or infusions; a tea. s. aromat'icse (P.G.), aromatic tea, composed of peppermint leaves, wild thyme, and lavender flowers, each 2 parts, cloves and cubeb each i part. s. diuret'- icae (P.G.), diuretic tea, composed of levisticum root, ononis root, licorice root, and juniper berries each I part. 5. emollien'tes (P.G., N.P.), emollient cataplasm, composed of althaea leaves, malva leaves, melilot (wild laburnum), German chamo- mile flowers, and flaxseed, each i part. s. lax- ati'vsB (N.P.), laxative tea, St. Germain tea, composed of senna 160, elder flowers 100, fennel and anise each 50, potassium tartrate 25, tartaric acid 15. s. ligno'rum (P.G.), wood tea, composed of guaiac root 5, ononis root 3, licorice root 1, and sassafras bark 1. s. pectorales (P.G. N.F.), pectoral tea, composed of marshmallow root 8, licorice root 3, orris root i, colt's foot leaves 4, mullein flowers 2, anise 2. specific [L. species + facere, to make.] Relating to a species, a. Relating to an individual infectious disease, one caused by a special microorganism ; in a special restricted sense, syphilitic. 3. A remedy having a definite curative action in relation to a particular disease or symptom, as quinine in relation to malaria, or mercury to syphilis. 4. in eclectic practice, denoting a class of drug prep- arations of standard strength designed to meet certain special indications in the treatment of diseases or symptoms, s. gravity, see gravity. specificity (spS-sI-fis^-tJ). The condition or state of being specific, of having a fixed relation to a single cause, or to a definite result, as the case may be; specificity is manifested in the relation of a' disease to its pathogenic microorganism, of a re- action to a certain chemical union, or of an anti- body to its antigen, or the reverse. specill'um, pi. speciU'a [L. specere, to look.] A probe or small sound. SPECTACLES 931 spectacles (spek'ti-klz) [L. spectare, to regard.] Lenses set in a frame which holds them in front of the eyes, used to correct errors of vision or to . protect the eyes from the glare of the sun or electric light. The parts of the spectacles are the lenses; the bridge between ^he lenses, resting on the nose; the rims or frames, encircling the lenses, now often omitted, the bridge and the shoulders being riveted directly to the lenses; the sides or temples, wires passing on either side of the head to the ears ; the bows, the curved extremities of the sides over the roots of the auricles; the shoulders, short bars attached to the rims or riveted to the lenses and jointed with the sides. bifo'cal s., see bifocal. Franklin s., divided s., an early form of bifocal s. in which the lower half of the lens is for near, the upper half for distant vision, pantoscop'ic s., bifocal s. pul'pit s., s. for near use, consisting of only the lower segment of the lens, so that the wearer may look over them for distance use. stenope'ic s., discs of wood or metal, with narrow slits in the center allowing only a minimum amoimt of light to enter. spec'tral. Relating to a spectrum. spectrom'eter [L. spectrum- + G. meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the refractive power of any translucent substance. spectrophotom'eter [L. spectrum + G. phos{phdt-), light, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the intensity of color in a. solu- tion by comparing it with the color in a spec- trum. spectroscope (spek'tro-skop) [L. spectrum ■\- G. skopeo, I view.] An instrument for resolving a ray of light from any luminous body into its spectrum, and for the observation of the spectrum so formed. spectroscop'ic. Relating to or performed by means of a spectroscope Bpec'trum, pi. spec'tra [L. an image.] ±. The color picture presented when a ray of white light is re- solved into'its constituent colors by being passed Jhrough a prism or reflected from a glass diffrac- tion grating. The colors of the spectrum, ar- ranged according to the increasing rapidity of the vibrati6ns, or decreasing length of the waves, of which they consist, are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; of these red, green, and blue- violet are called the primary colors. 2. After-image, absorp'tion s., one produced by light which has passed through vapors of various substances, the single colored band which each of these substances, if viewed alone through the spectroscope, would give being absorbed by the corresponding color of the sun's light, appearing there as a black line (Fraunhof er's lines) . chem'i- cal s., ultra-violet s., the invisible part of the spectrum in which are the actinic rays, or those exercising a chemical action, contin'uous s., one in which there are no absorption bands or lines, fortifica'tion s., teichopsia, scintillating scotoma. oc'ular s., after-image, thermal s., the invisible part of the spectrum outside of the red rays, in which are the heat rays, toxin s., a figure in the form of a spectrum used by Ehrlich to re- present the neutralizing power of antitoxin in the presence of toxin, prototoxoid, toxone, speculum (spek'u-ltim) [L. a mirror; specere, to look at.] I. An instrument for enlarging the opening of any canal or cavity in order to facilitate inspection of its interior; see cuts under Fergusson, Cusco, and Sims for varieties SPEECH of vaginal specula, under Siegle and here for ear specula. 2. Septum pellucidum. Brink'- erhofE's s., a conical tubular speculum for rectal examination, with closed extremity but with a sliding bar on one side the opening of which gives a window of any desired size. Cook's s., a three-pronged s. for rectal examina- tions and operations. Kelly's s., a, tubular a., with obturator, for rectal examination. Math'ew's s., a four-pronged s. for rectal exami- nation. Mar'tin's s., a conicocylindrical s. with obturator for rectal examination, s. Helmon'tii, van Helmont's mirror, the central tendon of the diaphragm, s. rhomboid'eum, lumbodorsal fascia. A B Ear Specula: A. Wilde's; B, Gruber's. spe'dalskhed [Norw.] Leprosy. Spee's curve. A curved Une touching the summits of the buccal cusps of the upper or lower teeth from first bicuspid to third molar, correspond- ing more or less accurately to the arc of a fircle, the center of which lies behind the crista lacrimalis posterior and on the line bisect- ing the horizontal plane passing through the orbit. Spee's em'byro (spa) [Ferdinand Graf von Spee, German embryologist, *i8ss.] An embryo sup- posed to be between one and two weeks old, n mm. in length, described by Graf v. Spee. speech [A.S. spiBc.'] Speaking, talk, the use of the voice in conveying ideas, clipped s., scamping s. echo s., echolalia. mirror s., a reversal of the order of syllables ia a word, analogous to mirror writing, scamping s., a form of lalling in which consonants or syllables are omitted when difficult of pronunciation; scanning s., staccato s. slur- ring s., slovenly articulation of the more difficult letter sounds, stacca'to s., a slow and laborious utterance, each syllable being enunciated sepa- rately, noted especially in multiple sclerosis. absence of power, dumbness, mutism, mutitas, deaf- mutism, aphonic, whisper, psithyrism. ataxic, atax- aphasia, ataxophemia. detective, olophonia, asa- phia (from cleft palate) ; alalia, mogilalia (from lesion of vocal organs) ; aphthongia, laloplegia (from muscu- lar esion). defective pronunciation, stammering; gammacism (g or k) ; pamgammacism (d for g, or t for k); lambdacism (I); lallation'(two frequent use of 1); mutacism, mytacism, mimmation (too frequent use of m); niinnation (two frequent use of n); rhotacism (r); sigmatism Cs); thetism, lisping (th for s); iotacism (too frequent use of the e sound) ; labialism (confusion in use of labial consonants); betacism (b). difficult, dyslalia, dysgrammatism, dysphasia, dysphrasia, dysphonia, dysphemia, baryphonia. disinclination for, lalophobia, taciturnity, disorder of, logopathy. SPEECH 932 SPERMATOXIN logoneurosis, lalopathy, laloneurosis, distinctness of phonation, lamprophonia. drawling^ angophrasia, baryphonia. excessive, loquacity, hyperlogia, volu- bility, polyphrasia, garrulity, leresis. imitation of other's, eohomatism, echopathy. incoherent, lalling, lallation, dysphrasia, divagation, eiubolalia, embolo- lalia, embolophrasia, agrammatism, acataphasia, het- erolalia, heterophonia. loss of, aphasia, aphemia, aphonia, alogia, logoplegia, logapnas a, logagnosia, logamnesia, alalia, loss of understanding of, acata- mathesia. loss of whispering, apsithyria. obscene, coprolalia, asschrolalia, eschrolalia, eschromythesia. rapid, tachyphrasia, logorrhea. repetition, echolalia, echophrasia, cataphasia, cataphrasia. slow,_ brady- lalia, bradyarthria, bradyphasia. spasmodic, logo- spasm, stammering, stuttering, thick, baryglossia, barylalia. speed'y-cut. A wound of the foreleg of a horse in the' neighborhood of the knee, made by a cut with the shoe of the opposite foot; it is inflicted usually at the gallop when the horse has begun to tire. Bpel'ter [L. pestrum, pewter.] Crude commercial zinc. s. shakes, brass *-founders' ague. Spen'cer Wells' fa'cies [Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, English' gynecologist, 1818-1897.] Facies ova- rica. Speng'ler's frag'ments [Carl Spengler, Swiss physician, *i86i.] Small round bodies resembling the the cross-section of a bacillus, found in tubercu- lous sputum ; they have the same staining quali- ties as the tubercle bacillus, and when inoculated in a suitable culture medium are said to develop into tubercle bacilli. S.'s meth'od for examining sputum; the sputum is mixed with an equal amount of lukewarm weak sodium carbonate solution; pancreatin is added and then crystal- lized carbolic acid, and the mixture is incubated for a short time at body temperature; the sedi- ment is then examined for tubercle bacilli. S.'s tuberculin, S.'s immune bodies, IK; see under tuberculin. Spens syn'drome [Thomas Spens, Edinburgh physi- cian, 1764— 1S42.] Stokes*- Adams disease ; it was described by Spens in 1792. sperm [G. sperma, seed.] Semen, s. cell, sperma- tid. spenna (sptu^mah) [G. seed.] Semen, the testicular secretion containing the male reproductive cells. For words beginning sperma-, see spermato- sper"iiiacet'i [G. sperma, seed, -f- ketos, whale.] Cetaceum. sperm-as'ter. A radiation in the fecundated ovum proceeding from the head of the spermato- zoon. spermatacra'sia [G. sperma, seed, -I- akrasia, incon- tinence.] Sperm.atorrhea. spennatemphraxis (spur"nia,-tem-fraks'is) [G. sper- ma, seed, -t- emphraxis, stoppage.] An impedi- ment to the discharge of semen. spermat'ic. Relating to the sperm or semen. sper'matid [G. sperma, seed.] The rudimentary spermatozoon derived from division of the sper- matocyte. sper'matism. The emission of semen. spermatitis (spur-ma-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the ductus deferens, funiculitis, deferentitis. sper^matoblast [G. sperm.a(spermai-), seed, -f- blasios, germ.] Spermatid. spermatocele (spur'ma-to-sel) [G. sperma, seed, -f- k(le, tumor.] A cystic heart-shaped tumor of the epididymis containing spermatozoa. spermatocidal (spur-mJt-to-si'dal) [G. sperma(sper- mat-), seed, 4- L. cadere, to kill.] Destructive to spermatozoa. sper'matocyst [G. sperma(spermat'), seed, -f kysiis, bladder.] 1. Seminal vesicle, a. Spermatocele. spennatocystec'tomy [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, -t- kysiis, bladder, -t- ekiome, excision.] Sur- gical removal of the seminal vesicles. spermatocystitis (sper"ma-to-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. sper-. ma{spermat-), seed, + kystis, bladder, + -iiis.l Inflammation of a seminal vesicle ; seminal vesic- ulitis. sper"matocystot'oiny [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, + kystis, bladder, + tome, incision.] Incision into a seminal vesicle. spermatocy'tal. Relating to the spermatocytes. spermatocyte (spur'mS-to-sit) [G. sperma, seed, + kytos, a hollow (cell).] A celt resulting from division of the spermatogonium, which in turn forms by division the spermatid. spermatogen'esis [G. sperma, seed, -I- genesis, production.] The process of formation and development of the spermatozoon. spermatogen'ic. Relating to spermatogenesis, forming spermatozoa. spermatogenous (sper-mS-toj'en-us). Spermato- genic. spermatogeny (sper-mS-toj'en-I). Spermatogenesis. spermatogone, spermatogoniiim (spur'mS-to-gon, spur-mS-to-go'nI-tun) [G. sperma, seed, + gone, generation.] The primitive sperm-cell giving rise by division to the spermatocyte ; ^spermatospore, spermatophore. sper'matoid [G. sperma(jspermai-), seed, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Resembling semen. 2. Sper- ma tozoid. spermatol'ogy [G. sperma^spermai-), seed, + -logia.] The branch of histology, physiology, and embry- ology dealing with the seminal secretion. spermatol'ysln. A specific lysin formed in the fluids of the body in response to the repeated injection of spermatozoa ; it is destructive to the spermato- zoa of animals of the same species as that from which the injection material was obtained. spermatol'ysis [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, + lysis, solution.] Destruction, with dissolution, of the spermatozoa. spermatolyt'ic. Relating to spermatolysis. spermatomere (spur'mS-to-mer) [G. sperma{sper- mat-), seed, -I- meros, part.] One of the particles into which the nucleus of the spermatozoon di- vides after fertilization of the ovum. sper"matopath'ia, spermatop'athy [G. sperma {spermat-), seed, -f pathos, suffering.] Any morbid change in the seminal secretion. sper"matopho'bia [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, -^ phobos, fear.] A form of hypochondriasis in which the patient erroneously believes himself to be suffering from spermatorrhea. sper'matin. An albuminoid in the seminal fluid. sper'matophore [G. sperma{spermat-), seed (semen), + pharos, a bearer.] Spermatogonium. spermatopoietic (spur"ma-to-poy-et'ik) [G. sperma {spermat-), seed, + poied, I make.] Relating to the production of semen; secreting semen. spermatorrhea, spermatorrhoea (spur'mS-to-re'ah) [G. sperma(spermat'), seed, + rhoia, a flow.] An involuntary discharge of semen, without orgasm. spermatoschesis (spur"ma-tos'k6-sis) [G. sperma (spermat-), seed, -I- schesis, retention.] Non- secretion of semen. sper'matospore [G. sperma{spermat-), seed (semen), + sporos, seed.] Spermatogonium. spermato'vum. An impregnated ovum. spermato'on [G. sperma(spermat-), seed, -|- don, egg-] Spermatid. spermatox'in. A cytotoxin specific for spermato- zoa, spermotoxin."* SPERMATOZOA 933 SPHENO-OCCIPITAL spermatozoa (spur-ma-to-zo'ah). Plural of sperma- tozoon. spermatozo'al, spermatozo'an. Relating to sper- matozoa. spermatozoicide (spur"ma-to-zo'I-sId) [G. spermato- zoon, + L. ccsdere, to kill.] Spermatocide, sper'matozoid. Spermatozooid. sper"matozo'oid [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, + zoon, animal, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Resem- bling spermatozoa. 2. A spermatozoon. spermatozoon, pi. spermaiozo'a (spur"ma-to-zo'pn) [G. sperma(spermat-), seed, + zoon, aniinal.] The male sexual cell, the human s. is described as composed of a head, a neck, and a tail ; the head is a broadly oval flattened body containing the nucleus, the neck and tail are of protoplasm con- taining an axial filament; the head is from 4 to 6 micra in length the neck and tail from 41 to 53 micra. spermatu'ria [G. sperma{spermat-), seed, + ouron, urine.] Spermatorrhea occurring with the pas- sage of urine. sperm-cell. Spermatozoon. sper'miduct. The ductus deferens and ductus ejaculatorius. sper'min. ,.. An organic base, CjHjN, contained in semen and in small amount in sputum and other secretions; its phosphate forms the Boettcher and Charcot-Leyden crystals. 2. A synthetic substance, C5H14N2, stimulating to the metabolic processes, and said to exist in the testicular juice or internal secretion of the testicle. sper'mism. Spermatism. sper'mium. Waldeyer's term for the mature male germ-cell or spermatozoon. sperm-nu'cleus. The head of the spermatozoon, become spheroidal, after it has entered the ovum. sper'moblast. Spermatoblast, spermatid. sper'molith [G sperma, seed, + Uthos, stone.] A concretion in the ductus deferens. spermoloropexis, spermoloropexy (spur"mo-lo-ro- peks'is, spur-mo-lo'ro-peks-i) [G. sperma, se- men, -t- loron, a thong, 4- pexis, fixation.] Fixa- tion of the spermatic cord; an operation for retained testicle, which consists in freeing the testis and spermatic cord from adhesions, bring- ing the testis down into the scrotum, and attach- ing the cord by sutures to the periosteum of the ' pubes. spermol'ysis. Spermatolysis, spermoneural'gia. Neuralgia of the spermatic cord. sper"mophlebecta'sia [G. sperma, seed, -f- phleps (phleb-), vein, + ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the spermatic veins, varicocele. sperm'oplasm. The protoplasm of the spermatozoon. sper'mosphere [G. sperma, seed, + sphaira, sphere.] The mass of cells formed by the division of the spermatocyte and giving rise to the spermatids. sper'mospore. Spermatospore, spermatogonium. spermotox'ic. Relating to spermotoxin. spermotox'in. A substance formed in animals, which have received injections of spermatozoa from another species, which has the power of immobilizing and clumping the spermatozoa of animals of that other species. spes phthisica (spez (or spas)tiz'I-kah) [L. spes, hope.] The feeling of hopefulness and confidence of recovery experienced by many sufferers from tu- berculosis even in the later stages of the disease. spew [A.S. spiwan.] To vomit, belyan'do s., grass-sickness. sp. gr- Abbreviation of specific gravity.* spii. Abbreviation for spherical, or spherical lens. sphacelate (sfas'e-lat) [G. sphakelos, gangrene.] To slough, to become gangrenous. sphacelation (sfas-e-la'shun). 1. The process of becoming gangrenous. 2. Necrosis, gangrene. sphacelin'ic acid. Sphacelotoxin, spasmotin; a yellow. resinous acid, Cj„H2i09(?), obtained from ergot, it causes marked contraction of the blood- vessels, producing gangrene when long continued. sphacelism (sfas'e-lizm). Sphacelation. sphaceloder'ma [G. sphakelos, gangrene, + derma, skin.] Gangrene of the skin. sphacelotox'in. An active principle obtained from ergot, believed to be identical with sphacelinio acid. sphacelous (sfas'e-lus). Necrotic, gangrenous, sloughing. sphacelus (sfas'e-lus) [G. sphakelos, mortification.] 1. Moist gangrene, a. A slough, a soft mass of necrotic matter. sphaeraesthe'sia. Spheresthesia. sphEerau'thus in'dicus. A plant of India from which a reddish volatile oil is obtained; used as a stimu- lant aphrodisiac. sphserobacte'rium, pi. sphcerohacte'ria [G. sphaira, ball.] Micrococcus. sphserococ'cus [G. sphaira, ball, + kokkos, berry.] Micrococcus. sphaero'ma [G. sphaira, sphere, + -oma.] A tumor of spherical shape. Sphaerot'ilus [G. sphaira, globe, + itlos, something pulled, flock.] A genus of ChlamydohacteriaccB, S. bo'vis, Actinomyces bdvis. sphagiasmus (sfS-jI-az'mus) [G. sphage, throat.] Spasm of the neck muscles, spasmodic torticollis. sphagitis (sf3.-ji'(je')tis) [G. sphage, throat, -I- -iiis.] Sore- throat. spheneth'moid. Sphenoethmoid. sphe'nion. The tip of the sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone, a craniometric point. sphenobas'ilar. Relating to the sphenoid bone and the basilar process of the occipital bone, not- ing a suture. sphenoccip'ital. Sphenobasilar. sphenoceph'aly [G. sphen, wedge, -I- kephale, head.] The state of having a wedge-shaped head. sphenoethmoid (sfe-no-eth'moyd). Relating to the sphenoid and ethmoid bones, s. recess', a recess above and behind the superior concha, or turbi- nated bone, into which the sphenoidal sinus opens. sphenofron'tal. Relating to the sphenoid and frontal bones, noting a suture. sphe'noid [G. sphen, wedge, -I- eidos, resemblance.] Wedge-shaped, sphenoidal, s. angle, see angle. s. bone, OS sphenoidale, s. crest, crista sphen- oidalis. s. fissure, fissura orbitalis superior [BNA]. s. process, processus sphenoidalis. s. sinus, see sinus. sphenoid'al. Sphenoid, relating to the sphenoid bone. sphenoiditis (sfe-noy-di'(de')tis). i. Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. 2. Necrosis of the sphenoid bone. sphenoma'lar. Sphenozygomatic. sphenomax'illaiy. Relating to the sphenoid bone and the maxilla, s. fissure, fissura, orbitalis infe- rior [BNA]. a. fossa, fossa pterygopalatina [BNA]. sphenom'eter [G. sphen, wedge, + meiron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the size of the wedge to be removed in the operation for the correction of knock-knee. spheno-occip'ital. Sphenobasilar. SPHENOPALATINE 934 SPHYGMODYNAMOMETER sphenopalatine (sfe-no-pal'a-tin). Relating to the sphenoid and the palate bones, s. fora'men, the s. notch converted into a foramen by the under stirface of the body of the sphenoid bone. s. notch, incisura sphenopalatina, a deep notch be- tween the sphenoidal and orbital processes of the palate bone. sphenopari'etal. Relating to the sphenoid and the parietal bones, noting a suture and a cerebral sinus which communicates with the cavernous sinus. sphenopetro'sal. Relating to the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, noting a suture. sphenor'bital. Noting the portions of the sphenoid bone in relation with the orbits. Bphe"nosaI"pingostaphyli'nus. Musculus tensor veli palatini [BNA]. sphenosis (sfe-no'sis) [G. sphenosis, a wedging together.] Impaction of the fetus in the pelvic canal during labor. sphe"nosquamo'sal. Relating to the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone. sphenotem'poral. Relating to the sphenoid and the temporal bones. spheno'tic [sphenoid + G. ous{oi-), ear.] Relating to the sphenoid bone and the bony case of the ear. E>. center, one of two centers of ossification of the sphenoid bone for the lingulse, appearing about the eighth week. s. fora'men, foramen lacerum mediuna. sphenotresia (sfe-no-tre'si-ah) [G. sphen, wedge, + tresis, perforation.] Boring through the base of the skull, in order to facilitate its crushing, in craniotomy. sphe'notribe [G. sphen, wedge, + iribo, I bruise.] An instrument for crushing the base of the skull after sphenotresia. sphenotrip'sy. Crushing the base of the skull after sphenotresia. oKgo.r.] i. The fibrous skeleton of an aqtiatic organism from which all cellular matter has been removed; employed in surgery for mopping away blood and other fluids during an operation; now usually replaced by 2. 2. Any absorbent material, such as gauze or prepared cotton, used in lieu of a sponge in surgi- cal operations. 3 Any material having a sponge- like texture, such as iron sponge, used in the purification of water, bleached s., spongia decolorata (N.P.). ■JX VJIN (jJli-Jjrit Ar XIXS U 943 SJr'UKUi'JlUK.ili sponge-graft'ing. The placing of small bits of sponge on a granulating surface in order to pro- mote a growth of epidermis. sponge-tent, Spongia compressa (N.P.). spon'gia [G.] Sponge. In homeopathic practice roasted sponge, spongia usta, triturated with sugar of milk; employed in the treatment of croup and of chronic hoarseness in doses of the 3d to 30th potency, s., cera'ta, waxed sponge, sponge-tent; purified sponge cut to the desired shape and dipped in melted wax. s. compres'sa, compressed sponge, sponge-tent; a sponge is im- pregnated with thin mucilage of acacia, wrapped with twine to the desired shape, and then dried; used to dilate sinuses, the os uteri, etc., the dried sponge absorbing moisture after insertion. s. decolora'ta, decolorized or bleached sponge; a sponge treated successively with potassium permanganate, sodium thiosulphate, diluted hy- drochloric acid, and sodium carbonate, s. usta, Turkish sponges cut into small pieces and heated in an apparatus like a coffee roaster; employed in homeopathy, see spongia. spongiform (spun'ji-form) P^. spongia, sponge, -t- forma, form.] Having the appearance of a sponge. spon'gin. The fibrous or homy constituent of sponges. spongioblast (spun'ji-o-blast) [G. spongia, sponge, -I- blastos, germ.] i. Amacrine* cell. ^. A primitive neuroglia cell, one of the layer of columnar cells in the neural tube. spongiocyte (spun'jl-o-sit) [G. spongia, sponge, -K kytos, cell.] A neuroglia cell. spon'gioid [G. spongia, sponge, + «doi,resemblance.] Spongiform. spongiopi'lin. A tissue consisting of a loosely woven mesh enclosing bits of sponge, coated on the back with a layer of India rubber; used as a substitute for poultices, being dipped in hot water and applied to the skin. spongioplasm (spun'jl-o-plazm) [G. spongos, sponge, + plasma, thing formed.] The fib- rillar network supporting the fluid portion, or hyaloplasm, of protoplasm; cytoreticulum. spongiosa (spun-ji-o-sah) [G. spongos, sponge.] The gray matter of the spinal cord forming the horns, except that which caps the head of the dorsal horn and encircles the central canal; see substantia gelatinosa. spongiositis (spon-jl-o-si'(se')tis). Inflammation of the corpus spongiosum, or corpus cavemosnm urethrEe. spongy (spun'jt). Of sponge-like texture, spongi- form, spongioid, s. bone, (i) cancellous bone; (2) one of the turbinated bones. spontaneous (spon-ta'-ne-us) [L. spontaneus; sponte, voluntarily.] Occurring without ex- ternal stimulation. spoon [A.S. span, chip.] An instrument consisting of a rod with a small bowl- or cup-shaped extrem- ity. Daviel's s., see Daviel. sharp s., an instru- ment with a small cup-shaped extremity having sharpened edges, used for scraping skin lesions. Volkmann's s., see Volkmann. spoon-nail. Celonychia. sporad'ic [G. sporadikos, scattered.] Occurring singly, not grouped; neither epidemic nor endemic. sporadoneure (spaw-rad'o-nur) [G. sporadikos, scat- tered, + neuron, nerve.] A nerve-cell in the tissues outside of the nerve-centers or ganglia. sporan'gia. Plural of sporangium. sporan'gial. Relating to or of the nature of a sporangium. sporan'gium [G. sporos, seed, -f- angeion, vessel.] In botany, a sac containing spores. spore (spawr) [G. sporos, seed.] The reproductive cell of a sporozoan or of a cryptogamous p lant ; a cell of an inferior ordei to an ovum orseed. black s., a degenerating malarial or other blood parasite in the body of the mosquito, swarm-s.i see swarm*-spore. sporicidal (spawr-i-si'dal) [G. sporos, d^ seed, + L. ccedere, to kill.] Destruc- ^W tive to spores. j sporicide (spawr'i-sld). i. Sporicidal. | 2. An agent which kills spores. sporid'ium. A protozoan spore, an em- bryonic protozoan organism, sometimes parasitic in man or the lower animals. sporiferous (spaw-rif'er-us) [L. spora, spore, + ferre, to bear.] Producing spores. spoiiparous (spaw-rip'S-rus) . [L. spora, spore, + parere, to bear.] Reproduc- ing by means of spores, sporiferous. sporoagglutination (spaw"ro-ag-glu-ti[- na'shun). A diagnostic method in relation to the mycoses, based upon the fact that the blood of sufferers from diseases caused by fungi con- tains specific agglutinins which cause clumping of the spores of these organ- isms. sporoblast (spawr'o-blast) [G. sporos, seed, + blastos, offspring.] A sec- ondary cyst, containing the sporo- zoite, formed within the oocyst. spo'rocarp [G. sporos, seed, + karpos, fruit.] In botany, a multicellular structure, in certain cryptogams, re- sulting from a sexual process, which Sharp produces the spores and atrophies when Spoon. these are discharged. spo.rocyst (spawr'o-sist) [G. sporos, seed, -|- kystis, bladder.] The intermediate (asexual) genera- tion of a trematode worm, by some regarded as the second larval stage; it is developed in the body of a gastropod from the miracidium and gives origin to the cercaria, either directly or through an intermediate generation, the redia. Sporocystin'ea. A suborder of Coccidiidia in which the sporoblasts have sporocysts. sporogen'esis [G. sporos, seed, -f genesis, produc- tion.] 1. Sporpgony. 2. The production of spores. sporogenous (spaw-roj'en-us) [G. sporos, seed, -|- gennao, I produce.] Sporiparous. sporogeny (spo-roj'en-I). Sporogenesis. sporogo'nium [G. sporos, seed, -I- gone, generation.] The sporocarp in mosses, moss-fruit. sporogony (spawr-og'8-ni) [G. sporos, seed, -(- gone, generation.] Sporogenesis, reproduction by means of spores. sporont (spawr'ont) [G. sporos, seed, -1- dn(ont-), being.] A sexually mature protozoan parasite which has become detached from its host, leaving its attaching organ behind; it produces anisospores that conjugate to form the zigote, this developing into the schizonl which begins the non-sexual cycle. spo'rophore [G. sporos, seed, -I- phoros, bearer.] i. In botany, the part which bears the seeds or spores. 2. Sporophyte. SPOROPHYL, SPOROPHYLL 944 SPUTUM spo'rophyl, spo'rophyll [G. sporos, seed, + phyllon, leaf.] A spore-bearing leaf, often greatly modified. sporophyte (spaw'ro-fit) [G. sporos, spore, + phyton, plant.] Sporophore, the spore-bearing stage, or life-cycle, of a plant. spc'roplasm [G. sporos, seed, + plasma, thing formed.] The protoplasm of the ovxim. sporoplas'mic. Relating to sporoplasm. sporothe'ka [G. sporos, seed, + iheke, case.] The envelope enclosing the minute needle-like spores of the malarial parasite in the mosquito. cporotrichosis (spaw-ro-tri-ko'sis) [sporotrichum + -osis.] A cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis (affecting also the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx) caused by mucedines of the genus Sporotrichum; three forms are described — a disseminated gummatous form {s. beurmanni), a gummatous lymphangitis (s. schenkii), and a form characterized by the presence of multiple abscesses {s. dori). trop'ical s., due to Sporo- trichum indicum. Sporotrichum (spaw-rot'rik-um) [G. sporos, seed, + thrix{trich-) , hair.] A genus of fungi of the family MucedinecB, some species of which give rise to various forms of sporotrichosis ; the species described are 5. beurmanni, S. dori, S. indicum, and 5. schenkii, Sporozo'a [G. sporos, seed, -f- zoon, animal.] A sub- phylum (or class) of Protozoa, embracing para- sitic forms without organs of locomotion, which reproduce chiefly by sexual or non-sexual spore formation, sporozo'an. i. Relating to the Sporozoa. 2. An individual cell of the Sporozoa, a sporozoon. sporozoite (spaw-ro-zo'it) [G. sporos, seed, -f- zoon, animal.] One of the minute elongated bodies resulting from the repeated division of the ooki- nete or oocyst, falciform body; in the case of the malarial parasite it is the form which is intro- duced into the blood by the bite of a mosquito and enters the erythrocyte, there to develop into the mature parasite. sporozooid (spawr-o-zo'oyd) [G. sporos, seed, + zoon, animal, ■\- eidos, resemblance.] A falci- form figure seen in certain cancerous tumors, regarded by son:ie as a sporozoan spore or sporozoite. Bporozo'on [G. sporos, seed. -I- zoon, animal.] An individual sporozoan organism. sport. An organism varying in whole or in part, without apparent reason, from others of its type; this variation may be transmitted to the descend- ants or the latter may revert to the original type. sporula'tion. Production of or division into spores, a mode of reproduction of unicellular organisms; see multiple fission.* spor'ular. Relating to a spore or sporule. sporule (spawr'ul) [L. sporula; dim. of sporos, seed.] A spore, a small spore. spot [A.S. splot.'\ I. A limited area differentiated in color, elevation, texture, or sensation from the general surface; macula, papule, pustule. 2. To lose a slight amount of blood per vaginam, suffi- cient to "spot" the napkin, acoustic s., macula acustica. blind s., papilla nervi optici. blue s., macula cserulea. embryon'ic s., area germina- tiva. germ'inal s., a prominent nucleolus in the germinal vesicle or nucleus of the ovum, hypno- gen'ic s., a point sometimes present in susceptible subjects, pressure upon which will throw the person into an hypnotic state, hysterogen'ic s., a point pressure upon which will induce a parox- ysm of hysteroepilepsy in a susceptible subject. Koplik's s., see Koplik. milk s., macula albida. Mongo'lian spots, Mongolian maculae, dark bluish or mulberry-colored spots on the sacral region, observed as a congenital condition in children under four or five years in China, Japan, Burma, and Korea; the spots are rounded or oval, and do not disappear on pressure, pelvic s., see pelvic, spongy s., an area in the external audi- tory canal where a number of minute blood- vessels enter from the mastoid bone; vascular zone, tem'perature s., one of a number of defi- nitely arranged spots on the skin sensitive to heat and cold, but not to ordinary pressure or pain stimuli, ten'dinous s., macula albida. white s., macula albida. yellow s., macula lutea. spotted fever, i. Typhus* fever. 2. Epidemic cerebrospinal* meningitis. 3. Tick* fever (4), sprain [L. exprimere, to press out.] i. An injury to a joint, with possible rupture of some of the ligaments or tendons, but without dislocation or fracture. 2. To cause a sprain of a joint. spray. A jet of liquid in fine drops, coarser than a vapor; it is produced by forcing the liquid from the minute opening of an atomizer, mixed with air. Spreng'el's defor'mity [Otto Gerhard Carl Sprengel, German surgeon, 1852—1914.] Congenital ele- vation of the scapula, attributed by Sprengel to pressure exerted in utero through deficiency of amniotic fluid. sprew. Sprue. spring-finger. Trigger finger.* spring-halt. A myoclonus in a hind leg of a horse, the leg being flexed beyond the normal and then stamped on the ground. Bpring-hock. Inflammation of the ligaments of the hock in the horse, caused by a strain, and marked by sudden and great swelling above and below the hock, local heat, and lameness. Spring Lake Well, Michigan. Muriated-saline-cal- cic waters. spruce. A tree of the genus Picea. s. gum, an exudate from the trunk and branches of Picea mariana, extensively used, flavored in various ways, as a masticatory, or chewing-gum. sprue. I. Aphthse,* thrush, j. Tropical diarrhea, psilosis; a chronic remitting catarrhal inflamma- tion of the mucous membrane of the alimentary tract, occurring in the tropics, characterized by stomatitis, diarrhea, anemia, and emaciation. 3. In mechanical dentistry, a piece of wood or metal used for making the ingate when casting molten metal. spunk. Punk, fungus chirurgorum, touchwood, surgeons' agaric, amadou; the stem of a fungus, Polyporus fomentarius, impregnated with nitre. spur [A.S. sporai] A homy outgrowth from the skin; a dull spine or projection from a bone; a small projection from any structure, calcar. spurge. Euphorbia. spurge-flax. Mezereum. spu'rious [L. spurius, of illegitimate birth.] False, not genuine, adulterated. spurred lye. Ergot. sputa. Plural of sputiun. sputamen'tum. Sputum. spu'tum, pi. spu'ta [L. sputum; spuere, to spit.] i. Expectorated matter, especially mucus or mucopurulent matter expectorated in diseases of the air-passages. 2. An individual mass of such matter, albu'minoid s., the frothy expectoration of pulmonary edema, glob'ular s., nummular s. green s., s. ffiruginosum. num'mular s., a thick coherent mass expectorated in globular shape which does not run at the bottom of the cup but SPUTUM 94S STAFF forms a discoid mass resembling a coin, prune- juice s., a thin reddish expectoration, characteris- tic of gangrene or cancer of the lung and certain cases of pneumonia, rusty s., a reddish brown, blood-stained expectoration characteristic of crou- pous pneumonia, s. jerogeno'sum, a green expec- toration seen occasionally in jaundice, s. coctum, the opaque purulent s. of the later stages of bron- chitis, s. crudum, the clear viscid mucous ex- pectoration of the early stages of bronchitis, s. cruen'tum, bloody expectoration squa'ma, pi. squa'mw [L. a scale.] i. A thin plate of bone. 2. An epidermic scale, s. fronta'lis [BNA], frontal squama, the broad curved por- tion of the frontal bone forming the forehead. s. occipita'lis [BNA], the tabular or squamous portion of the occipital bone. s. tempora'Us [BNA], temporal squama or scale, squamous portion of the temporal bone. squa'mate. Squamous, scale-like, scaly. squamocell'ular. Relating to or having squamous epithelium. squamofron'tal. Relating to the squama frontalis. squamomas'toid. Relating to the squamous and petrous portions of the temporal bone. squa"ino-occip'ital. Relating to the squamous portion of the occipital bone, developing partly in membrane partly in cartilage. squamoparietal (skwa"mo-pa.-ri'e-tal). Relating to the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone. squamopetro'sal. Relating to the squamous and petrous portions of the temporal bone. squamo'sa. The squama of the frontal, occipital, or temporal bone, especially the latter. squamo'sal. Squamous, relating to the squama of the temporal bone. squamosphenoid (skwa"mo-sfe'noyd). Spheno- squamosai, relating to the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone. squamotem'poral. Relating to the squama tempora- hs. squa'mous [1». squamosus.'] Squamate, squamosal, scale-like, scaly; relating to or covered with scales ; relating to a squama. squa"niozygoniat'ic. Relating to the squama and the zygoraatic process of the temporal bone. squarrose, squarious (skwar'os, skwar'us). Scaly- scurfy. squaw-root. i. Caulophyllum thalictroides, blue cohosh 2 Conophalis americana, cancer-root. squaw-vine. Mitchella. Squibb's diarrhe'a mix'ture [E. R. Squibb, American manufacturing chemist.] Mistura opii et chlor- oformi composita (N.F.); tincture of capsicum 10, tincture of opium and spirit of camphor each 20, chloroform 8, alcohol to make 100; dose, T11130 (2.0). S.'s rhu'barb mix'ture, formerly listed in the N.F. as mistura rhei composita, compound rhubarb mixture; each dose of 32 (8 .0) contains ipecac, gr. i (o .015). rhubarb, gr. i^ (o.i), sodium bicarbonate, gr. 3 (0.2), in glycerin and peppermint water; antacid and stomachic. squill. Scilla. Indian s., urginea. BquiUit'ic. Relating to, containing, or prepared from squill. squint, i. Strabismus, x. To suffer from stra- bismus, al'temating s., a. form of s. in which both eyes remain steady or move alike when either eye indifferently is covered; that is to say one in which either eye fixes, concom'itant s., strabismus in which the deviating eye follows the other in its movements, the angle between 60 the visual axes remaining the same, conver'gent s., internal s. dynam'ic s., heterophoria. diver'- gent s., external a. exter'nal s., divergent s., exotropia; the form in which the visual axes diverge, inter'nal s., convergent s., esotropia, cross-eye ; the form in which the visual axes con- verge, la'tent s., heterophoria. suppressed' s., heterophoria. ver'tical s., a form in which the visual axis of one eye deviates upward (strabis- mus sursum vergens) or downward (strabismus deorsum vergens). unioc'ular »., one in which one eye only fixes; that is, when one eye is cov- ered both eyes move, when the other eye is cov- ered both remain steady. Squire's cath'eter [Trumann Hoffman Squire, American surgeon, 1823-1889.] Vertebrated catheter.* squirt'ing cu'cumber. Elaterium. Sr. Chemical symbol of strontium. S roma'num. Sigmoid flexure, colon* sigmoideum. ss. Abbreviation of L. semis, half. stab [Gael, sioh^ 1. To pierce with a narrow pointed instrument, as a knife or dagger. 2. A stab wound.* 3. A stab culture.* stabile (stab'il) [L. stabilise Stable, steady, fixed; noting (i) certain constituents of serum unaf. fected by ordinary degrees of heat, etc., and (2) an electrode held steadily on a, part diu-ing the passsage of an electric current. stable (sta'bl) [L. stabilis; stare, to stand.] Firm, steady, stabile, s. el'ements, tissue cells which cease to multiply by mitosis at a certain period after birth. staccato (stak-kah'to) [It. detached, separate.] A musical term noting a series of notes separated from one another by a distinct interval ; noting in medicine a form of speech, also called scanning speech, in which the words and syllables are separated by brief pauses. Stacke opera'tion (stah'keh) [Ludwig Siacke, Ger- man otologist, *i859.] The pinna and cartilagin- ous auditory canal are separated from their attachments and turned forward; the outer wall of the attic is now removed and the external wall of the antrum, so that tympanum, aditus, and antrum make but one cavity, thus giving free exit to pus in mastoiditis. stactom'eter [G. siaktos, dropping, + metron, measure.] Stalagmometer,* a dropper, an instru- ment for measuring the number of drops in a given quantity of a liquid. sta'dium, pi. sta'dia [G. stadion, a. measure of dis- tance, about 600 feet, used in races.] A stage in the course of a disease, especially of an acute pyretic disease, s. acmes, the acme or height of a disease, s. augmen'ti, the stage of rising temperature, s. calo'ris, the feverish stage in a malarial paroxysm, b. decremen'ti, the stage of falling temperature or defervescence, s. defer- vescen'tise, s. decrement!, s. deflorescen'tiae, the stage of disappearing eruption in an exanthem- atous disease, s. florescen'tise, the eruptive stage in an exanthematous disease, s. fri'goris. (i) the cold stage or stage of chill in a malarial paroxysm; (2) the algid stage in cholera, s, invasio'nis, the prodromal or incubative stage of an infectious disease, s. sudo'ris, the sweating stage in a malarial paroxysm. staff [A.S. ite/.] I. A lithotomy guide; a curved sound, grooved on the convexity, introduced into the urethra, the groove serving as a guide for the point of the knife passed through the perineum and thence into the bladder. 2. See attending* staff, consulting* staff, house* staff. STAFFORD MINERAL SPRING 946 STANCH, STAUNCH Stafford Min'eral Spring, Mississippi. Calcic-chalyb- eate waters. Used by drinking in diabetes, Bright 's disease, affections of the bladder, and other affections. StaS'ord Springs, Connecticut. Light saline-chalyb- eate-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in affections of the skin and blood. The summer months. stage [Fr. ilage, story of a house.] i. Stadium, a period in the course of a disease. -^ . The part of a microscope on which the object to be examined is supported, algid g., the cold stage or stage of collapse in cholera, amphibol'ic s. [G. amfhibo- los, doubtful], the stage following the acme of a disease in which the outcome, whether recovery or death, is in doubt, cold s., stadium frigoris. deferves'cent s., the stage of falling temperature. erup'tive b., stadium florescentiae. first s., the beginning of labor, the period during which the cervix uteri is disappearing and the os is dilating. hot s., stadium caloris. in'cubative s., the pri- mary stage of an infectious disease in which the toxins are being gradually elaborated and the prodromal symptoms are appearing, prod'romal s., incubative stage, pyrogen'ic s., stadium augmenti. second s., the expulsive stage of labor, that during which the fetus is being forced through the maternal passages into the outer world, s. of inva'sion, incubative s. sweating s., stadium sudoris. third b., the stage of labor following the birth of the child, during which the secundines are being expelled. Btagg'er. To walk unsteadily, to reel. stagg'ers. i. Dizziness, vertigo. ;i. A form of caisson disease in which vertigo, mental confusion. and muscular weakness are the chief symptoms, 3. A disease in sheep, marked by swaying and uncertain gait, caused by the presence of coenure, the larva of Tania cesnurus, in the brain or by other cerebral lesions called also sturdy and gid. blind s., a disease of the cerebrospinal centers in the horse, marked at first by symptoms similar to those of stomach staggers, but ending in blind- ness, grass 8., loco poisoning in horses, mads., blind s. sleepy s., stomach s., a disease in the horse, supposed to be of gastric origin, possibly gastric paralysis, in which the animal is somno- lent, but wlaen aroused begins at once to eat rapidly and without satiety; it is usually fatal. stag'nate [L. stagnare; stagnum, a pool.] To cease to flow. stagna'tion. The retardation or cessation of flow of blood in the vessels; passive congestion; accumulation in any part of a normally circulating fluid. stag'nin. Trade name of a styptic preparation derived from the spleen of the horse. Stahl's ear [Friedrich Carl Stahl, German physician, 1811-1873.] A deformed external ear, in which the fossa ovalis and upper portion of the scaphoid fossa are covered by the helix; regarded as a stigma of degeneracy stain [M.E. sieinen:\ i. To discolor. 2. To color, to dye. 3. A discoloration. 4. A dye used in histological and bacteriological technique, acid s., an aniline salt in which the acid is the staining part, such as the picrates, eosin, acid fuchsin, Congo, etc.; the qualification "acid" has no reference to the litmus reaction and is not to be taken in its chemical sense; acid stains affect chiefly the protoplasm, basic s., an aniline salt (usually neutral in its litmus reaction) in which the basic element is the staining part, such as basic fuchsin, methylene blue, Bismarck brown, etc.; the stain affects chiefly bacteria and the nuclei of the cells, con'trast s., difEeren'tial s., a dye used to color one portion of a tissue or cell which remained unaffected when the other part was stained by a dye of another color, double s., a mixture of two dyes which stain different portions of a tissue or cell differently, mul'tiple s., a. mixture of several dyes each having an independent selective action on one or more portions of the tissue, green s., a fungoid deposit at the cervicolabial and cervicobuccal portions of the teeth, neutral s., a compound of an acid and a basic stain, necessary to color neutrophil cells or tissues which will not stain with either a basic or an acid dye alone, nu'clear s., basic s. plasmat'ic s., plasmic s., a dye coloring a tissue uniformly, the opposite of a selective s proto- plas'mic s., acid s., one which stains the proto- plasm rather than the nuclei. selec'tiTe s., a stain which colors one portion of a tissue or cell exclusively or more deeply than the remaining portions. staining (stan'ing). Coloring (a cell or tissue) by one of the various dyes used in bacteriology, hematology, or histology, preag'onal s., vi'tal s., s. of a blood cell while still living, necessarily just before death, as the stain is toxic to the cell. stair'case. A series of reactions which follow one another in progressively increasing or decreasing intensity, so that the chart shows a continuous rise or fall. stalagmom'eter [G. stalagma, drop, + metron, measure.] An instrument for determining ex- actly the number of drops in a given quantity of fluid ; used as a measure of the surface tension of a. fluid, for the lower the tension is, the smaller are the drops, and consequently the more numer- ous in the given quantity of fluid. sta'ling. Urination of horses or cattle. stalk-disease (stawk-diz-Sz'). An old term for a vesicular eruptive disease of the ox. staltic (stal'tik) [G. staltikos, contractile.] Styptic. sta'men [L. the warp in a loom.] i. Power of endurance (usually in the plural form, stamina). ' 2. In botany, the male element of a flower; it consists typically of a slender stalk (the filament), tipped with the pollen bearing part (the anther). stam'ina. Power of endurance, strength. stam'inode [L. stamen + G, eidos, resemblance.] A sterile or aborted stamen. stam'mer [A.S. siamur.] i. To hesitate in speech, halt, repeat, and mispronounce, by reason of embarrassment, agitation, unfamiKarity with the subject, etc.; distinguished from j<»/ter.* 2. To mispronoimce or transpose certain consonants in speech, stam'mering. A speech disorder characterized by (i) hesitation and repetition of words, or (2) mispronimciation or transposition of certain consonants, especially /, r, and i. Lisping, lalling, rhotacism, and idioglossia are varieties of the second form of stammering, s. of the blad'der, urinary stuttering, irregular halting or interruption ot the stream in micturition. stamp'er. One who stamps, a term sometimes applied to one suffering from tabes dorsalis or other nervous disorder affecting the muscles of locomotion. stamp-Uck'ers' tongue. A form of stomatitis for- merly occurring in those whose occupation was to apply stamps and labels, moistening them with the tongue. stanch, staunch [L. stagnare, to stagnate.] To ar- rest bleeding. ox/ViNJUAltiJ 947 STAl'MYLOMA stan'dard. Anything serving as a. type or pattern to -which, other like things must conform, s. candle, a spermaceti candle burning 2 grains a minute, used as a standard of light, called candle- power, s. guin'ea-pig, one weighing about 250 grams, used for determining the minimal lethal dose of a toxin (toxic unit), s. solu'tion, a solu- tion of known strength, usually a normal solution, employed in volumetric analysis. standardiza'tion. i. The making of a solution of definite strength so that it may be used for com- parison and in tests. 2. Making any drug or other preparation conform to the type or stand- ard. stann'ate. A salt of stannic acid. stann'ic [L. stantiunt, tin.] Relating to tin, espe- cially when in combination in its higher valency. s. acid, an acid, HjSnO,, of gelatinous consistency turning hard on exposure to the air; it forms stannates with bases. Stan'nius's lig'ature [Herman Friedrich Stantius, German biologist, 1808-1883.] !• A ligature experimentally encircling the atrioventricular groove, following which the contractions of the auricle cease while those of the ventricle con- tinue. 2. A ligature experimentally isolating the sinus venosus of the heart of a frog, follow- ing which the contractions of the rest of the heart cease while those of the sinus venosus continue. stann'ous [L. stannum, tin.] Relating to tin, especially noting compounds containing tin in its lower valency, s. chloride, SnClj-l-2H20, em- ployed as a reagent. stannozyl (stan-oks'il) . Trade name of a com- bination of metallic tin and its oxide, employed in the treatment of staphylococcal affections, such as acne and furunculosis; it is given in tablet form in doses of S to 8 tablets, gr. 15-30 (i . 0-2 . o) , a day. stan'num [L.] Tin, a metallic element, symbol Sn, atomic weight 119. A trituration of the pre- cipitated metal with sugar of milk is employed in homeopathy in chronic catarrhal and other conditions marked by extreme weakness; dose, 6th to 15th decimal potency. stapedectomy (sta-pe-dek'to-rm) [L. stapes (staped-) stirrup, + G. ektome, excision.] Re- moval of the stapes, performed sometimes in cases of chronic catarrhal otitis media. stape'dial. Relating to the stapes. stapediotenotomy (sta-pe"dI-o-ten-ot'o-mI) [L. stape- dius + G. tenon, tendon, -f tome, incision.] Division of the tendon of the stapedius muscle. stapediovestibular (sta-pe"dl-o-ves-tib'u-lar). Re- lating to the stapes and the vestibule of the ear. stape'dius. A small muscle in the tympantmi inserted into the neck of the stapes. stapes, gen. sta'pedis (sta'pez) [L.] Stirrup (so named from its shape), the smallest of the three auditory ossicles; its base, or footpiece, fits into the vestibular or oval window, while its head is articulated with the lenticular process of the long limb of the incus. staphisagria (staf-is-a'grt-ah) [G. staphis, raisin, -f- agria, fem. of agrios, wild.] (U.S.) Staphisagrias semina (Br.). Stavesacre, larkspur; the dried ripe seed of Delphinium staphisagria, a plant of southern Europe; employed locally for the de- struction of pediculi and in scabies. staphis'agrine. An alkaloid, C,jH,,NOj, or a mix- ture of alkaloids, from staphisagria; it is said to be an antidote to strophanthim staphylag'ra [G. staphyle, uvula, + agra, a catching.] Uvula forceps. staphyledema, staphylcedema (staf-il-e-de'mah) [G. staphyle, uvula, + oidema, swelling.] Edema of the uvula. staphyline (stafl-lin) [G. staphyle, a bunch of grapes, the uvula.] i. Resembling a bunch of grapes, botryoid. 2. Relating to the uvula, uvular. BtaphyU"nophaiynge'us. Musculus glossopalatinus. staphyli'nus. See under musculus. staphyl'ion [G. dim. of staphyle, a bunch of grapes.] A craniometric point, the midpoint of the poste- rior edge of the hard palate. staphylitis (staf-il-i'(e')tis) [G. staphyle, uvula, -I- -itis^ Inflammation of the uvula. staphyloangina (staf"il-o-an'ji-nah). A staphylo- coccic phar3Tigitis. staphylococc'al. Relating to or caused by any species of Staphylococcus. staphylococcemia, staphylococc£emia (staf'il-o-kok- se'mi-ah) [staphylococcus + G. haima, blood.] Staphylomycosis, staphylococcic sepsis, the pres- ence of staphylococci in the blood. staph"ylococ'cia. Any staphylococcic infection. staphylococ'cic. Relating to or caused by any species of Staphylococcus Staphylococcus (staf"il-o-kok'kus) [G. staphyle, a bunch of grapes, + kokkos, a berry.] A genus or group of cocci in which the individuals are arranged in irregular masses resembling somewhat bunches of grapes. S. ce'reus au'- reus, a species isolated from the nasal mucus in coryza; it forms a reddish orange pigment in cultures. S. ce'reus flavus, a species isolated from pus; it produces a yellow pigment in cultures. S. cit'reus, an occasional form, feebly if at all pathogenic, cultures of which on potato and agar give a lemon-yellow color. S. epider'midis albus, an organism normally present in the skin, possibly an attenuated form of S. .pyogenes albus. S. pllcat'ilis, a species regarded as pathogenic of perleche. S. pyog'enes albus, a non-motile gram-positive form, causing suppura- tion, s. pyog'enes au'reus, a pus-producing form, occurring commonly on the skin, stab cultures of which in gelatin give a yellow precipitate. S. vir'idis flaves'cehs, a species isolated from the lesions of varicella which forms a greenish yellow pigment in cultures. staphylodermatitis (staf"il-o-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis). Inflammation of the skin due to the action of staphylococci. staphylodialysis (staf"il-o-di-al'i-sis) [G. staphyle, uvula, + dialysis, loosening.] Relaxation of the uvula, "falling of the palate." staphyloede'ma. Staphyledema. staphylohe'mia, staphylohas'mia. Staphylococcemia. staphylol'ysin. x. An hemolysin excreted by a staphylococcus, a. An antibody causing lysis of staphylococci. staphylo'ma [G.] A bulging of the cornea or sclera due to inflammatory softening, ann'ular s., a s. extending around the periphery of the cornea. ante'rior s., a bulging near the anterior pole of the eyeball, cor'neal s., keratoconus, keratoglobus. cil'iaiy s., scleral s. at the part where this coat is covered by the ciliary body, equato'rial s., bulging of the sclera on one of the lateral aspects of the eyeball, intercal'aiy s., a scleral s. anterior to the insertion of the ciliary body. poste'rior »., a protrusion of the sclera at the temporal side of the optic disc, scleral s., equatorial s. or posterior s. u'veal s., iridoncus STAPHYLOMA 948 STATICE or swelling of the iris, with protrusion through a rupture of the sclera. staphylo'inatous. Relating to or marked by staph- yloma. staphylomycosis (staf"il-o-mi-ko'sis). Staphylo- coccus infection or sepsis, staphylococcemia. staphylon'cus [G. siaphyle, uvula, -t- onkos, tumor.] Tumor or enlargement of the uvula. staph"ylo-opson'ic in'dex. The opsonic index in relation to a staphylococcic infection. staphylopharyngeus (staf"il-o-far-in-je'us). Mus- culus pharyngopalatinus. staph"ylopharyngor'rhaphy [G. siaphyle, uvula, + pharynx H- rhaphe, suture.] Surgical repair of defects in the uvula or soft palate and the pharynx. staphyloplas'min. Staphylotoxin. staph'yloplasty [Q.' siaphyle, uvula, 4- plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the uvula or soft palate. staphylopto'sia, staphylopto'sis [G. siaphyle, uvula, + piosis, a falling.] Relaxation or elongation of the uvula, staphylodialysis. staphylor'rhaphy [G. siaphyle, uvula, + rhaphe, suture.] Staphyloplasty, closure of a divided uvula or of a cleft of the soft palate, uranoplasty, uranorrhaphy. Staphylostreptococcia (staf"il-o-strep"to-kok'si-ah). Double infection with staphylococci and strepto- cocci. staphylotome (staf'il-o-tom) [G. siaphyle, uvula, -I- iomos, cutting.] A guillotine or knife for remov- ing the uvula. staphylot'omy [G. siaphyle, uvula, 4- iowie, incision.] I. Amputation of, or any cutting operation on, the uvula. '2. Cutting away a staphyloma. staphylotox'in. The toxin elaborated by any species of Siaphylococcus . star [A.S. sieorra.] Any star-shaped structure; aster.* daughter s., polar s., one of the figures forming the diaster. dental s., a spot of deeper yellow in the center of the dentine of a horse's incisor tooth, between the central enamel and the anterior border of the table ; it varies considerably with the age of the animal. star-an'ise. lUicium. 'Starch Granules I, In parenchyma cell olthe potato; II, single granules from the same cell, showing laminas (a); III, granules from wheat. starch [A.S. siearc, strong.] A carbohydrate, hav- ing the formula C5H10O g or some multiple thereof, the percentage composition being the same as that of cellulose ; it exists more or less throughout the vegetable kingdom its chief commercial sources being the cereals and potatoes; it is not found in animal tissues. Starch is a white, tasteless, inodorous powder or mass consisting of minute rounded or ovoid graniiles which split into layers when heated. When soaked in water the granules swell and form a pasty mass ; when subjected to the action of dry heat starch is con- verted into dextrin; it is converted into dextrin and glucose by the action of diastase and of the saliva and pancreatic juice. Starch is employed in medicine as a" dusting powder and as an in- gredient of certain ointments. For the therapeu- tic uses and preparations of starch see the official title, amylum. an'imal s., glycogen, i'odized s., amylum iodatum. starch-su'gar. Glucose. stare [A.S. siarian^ i. To look intently or fixedly with wide-open eyes at any object. 2. An intent gaze, post-ba'sic s., a peculiar appearance in children with posterior basic meningitis, due to a retraction of the upper eyelid and a rolling down of the eyeball. star' grass. Aletris. Stark Mineral Spring, Connecticut. Neutral waters, about 40° F. Used by drinking in affections of the liver, kidneys, and bladder. The summer months. Star'tin's mix'ture. Magnesium sulphate, giv; dried iron sulphate ^i; dilute sulphuric acid, 5iu; syrup of ginger, 5vi; water to make giii; dose, teaspoonful in water. starva'tion. Suffering from long-continued depriva- tion of food. starve [A.S. steorfan, to die.] i. To suffer from lack of food, b . To deprive of food so as to cause suffering or death. 3. Formerly, to die of cold. stasibasiphobia (sta"sJ-ba"sJ-fo'H-ah) [G. stasis, standing, 4- basis, stepping, + phobos, fear.] A delusion of inability to stand or walk, and a fear of making the attempt. stasimor'phia [G. stasis, a standing still, + morphe, shape.] Any deformity due to arrested develop- ment. stasiphobia (sta-si-fo'bl-ah) [G. stasis, standing, + . phobos, fear.] A delusion of inability to stand, and a morbid fear of making the attempt to do so. sta'sis [G. a standing still.] Stagnation of the blood or other fluids, pres'sure s., traumatic as- phyxia, ecchymotic mask.* Stas-Otto method (stahs-ot'o) [Sias, Belgian chemist, 1813-1891.] A method of extraction of alkaloids from plants and animal bodies; the substance is digested in alcohol and tartaric acid, then the fatty and resinous matters are precipitated with water, the fluid is treated with an alkali; and the alkaloids extracted with ether or chloroform. state [L status stare, to stand.] Condition, situa- tion, status stat'ic, stat'ical [G. staiikos, causing to stand.] In a state of equilibrium or rest, not in action, s. elec- tric'ity, Franklinio electricity, electricity pro- duced by friction, s. gangrene, moist gangrene, that caused by stasis of the blood, s. med'icine, a system of therapeutics based upon the varying weight of the body in relation to the amount of food taken and the total excretion. statice (stat'J-se) [G. staiikos, causing to stand, noting the astringent properties.] The root of several species of Statice and of LimoniMm-,,, con- taining considerable tannin and possessing there- fore astringent properties. Limonium caro- liniarum, Statice caroliniarum, or S. limonium^ marsh rosemary, canker-root, ink-root, is the most used American species ; given in diarrhoea in doses of it!iio-3o (o.6-2.'o) of a fluidextract. STATICS 949 STECHIOLOGY stat'ics. The branch of mechanics which has to do with matter at rest and the forces producing equilibrium. stat'im [L.] At once, immediately. etation (sta'shun) [L. statio; stare, to stand.] The art or manner of standing. stationaiy (sta'shun-a-rl). At rest, not moving or changing. statoliths (stat'o-liths) [G. statos, standing, placed, + lithos, stone.] Otoconia. statom'eter [G. statos, standing fixed, + metron, measure.] Exophthalmometer, an apparatus for measuring the amoiint of protrusion in exophthalmos . stat'ure [L. statura; statuere, to put, to set.] The height of a person. sta'tus [L.] State, standing, condition, s. ar- thrit'icus, gouty diathesis or predisposition, s. cholera'icus, a condition sometimes following the cold stage of cholera, marked by cold skin, feeble pulse, hebetude, and a dull expression, s. chore'icus, a very severe form of chorea in which the persistence of the movements prevents sleep and the patient dies of exhaustion, s. cribro'sus, a condition marked by dilatations of the perivascular lymph sheaths in the brain. s. crit'icus, a very severe and persistent form of crises in tabes dorsalis. s. epUep'ticus, a con- dition in which one major attack of epilepsy succeeds another with little or no intermission, lasting for 13 to 24 hours, s. gas'tricus, chronic indigestion, s. hemicra'nicus, a con- dition in "which attacks of migraine succeed each other with such short intervals as to be almost continuous, s. hydrocephal'icus, the terminal condition in epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, marked by extreme emaciation and exhaustion, vomiting, contractures of the extremities, and coma. s. hypnot'icus, the hypnotic state, s. lacuna'ris, a condition, occurring in cerebral arteriosclerosis, in which there are numerous small losses of substance of irregular outline in the brain, s. lymphat'icus, lymphatism, a condition of infancy and childhood, marked by hyperplasia of the lyTnphatic structures, spleen, and bone-marrow, and persistence of the thymus gland; sudden death, especially when the child is under the influence of an anesthetic, is not unusual in subjects of this affection, s. nervo'sus, (i) an erethistic state ; (2) a typhoid* condition or state, s. praesens, the present state, the part of the anamnesis or history of a case, describing the condition of the patient at the time when he comes under observation, s. raptus, ecstasy, s. thy'- micus, a condition similar to s. lymphaticus in which persistence of the thymus gland seems to be an especial factor, s. th/'micolymphaficus, s. thymicus. s. typho'sus, s. nervosus (2). s. vertigino'sus^ chronic vertigo; a condition in which attacks of vertigo occur in rapid succession. statuvo'lence [L. status Qiypnoiicus) + volens; volere, to wish.] Self-induced hypnotism. statuvo'lent. Relating to statuvolence, noting a person capable of self-hypnotism. staurion (staw'rl-on) [G. dim. of stauros, cross.] A craniometric point at the intersection of the median and transverse palatine sutures. staurople'gia (staw-ro-ple'jl-ah) [G. stauros, cross, -t- plege, stroke.] Crossed hemiplegia- stave of the thumb. Bennett's* fracture. stavesacre (stavz'a-ker) [L.staphisagria.] Staphis- agria. staxis [G. a dripping.] Stillicidium. stay. The bar of the horse's hoof. stay knot. See under knot. Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The waters contain soda, iron, magnesia, and sulphur, 40° F. to 103° F. One hundred and forty springs. Used by drinking and bathing in skin diseases and rheu- matism. April to late December. steapsin (ste-ap'sin) [probably G. stear, tallow.] A steatolytic enzyme in the pancreatic juice, which converts the neutral fats into fatty acids and glycerin; lipase. ^ ste'arate. A salt of stearic acid. stearic acid (ste-ar'ik as'id). A white fatty acid, CH3.(CH2)i6COOH, occurring in solid animal fats and in some of the vegetable fats. ste'arin. j.. A glyceride of stearic acid, CjHjCCjg- H3b02)3, present in the solid animal fats and in some of the vegetable fats. 2. Stearic acid. stearocono'tum [G. stear, fat, + konis, dust.] A yellowish dry fat, containing sulphur and phos- phorus, found in brain tissue. stearodermia (ste"ar-o-dur'mi[-ah) [G stear, tallow, + derma, skin.] Any disease of the sebaceous glands of the skin. stearoptene (ste-ar-op'ten) [G. stear, tallow, -I- ptenos, winged.] A tough, crystalline solid which separates out from a volatile oil which has been standing for some time or has been subjected to cold ; sometimes called a camphor. ste'arosan. Trade name for santalyl stearate an oily, odorless, tasteless liquid employed as a substitute for oil of santal in catarrhal affections of the genitourinary tract in dose of ilj 10 (0.6). stearrhe'a, stearrhoe'a. Steatorrhea. ste'atin, steati'num. Unguentum extensum, muUa (N.F.). ste'atite. Soapstone, talcum.* steatitis (ste-a-ti'(te')tis) [G. stear(steai-) , tallow -H -itis.] Inflammation of adipose tissue. steatocele (ste'at-o-sel) [G. stear{steat-), tallow, suet, -I- keU, tumor.] A fatty tumor within the scrotum. ste"atocrypto'sis [G. stear, tallow, + krypte, crypt.] Any disease of the sebaceous glands of the skin, stearodermia. steatogenous (ste-S-toj'en-us) [G. stear{steat-), tal- low, -t- gennao, I produce.] i. Causing fatty degeneration. 2 Causing any disease of the sebaceous glands. steatolysis (ste-S-tol'I-sis) [G. stear(sieat-), tallow, -H lysis, solution.] The hydrolysis or emulsion of fat in the process of digestion. steatolytic (ste-S-to-lit'ik) . Relating to steatolysis. steatoma (ste-^-to'mah^ [G. siear(sieat~), tallow, + -dma.] I. A fatty tumor, lipoma. 2. A seba- ceous cyst. steatopyga, steatopygia (ste-S-to-pi'ga, ste-S-to-pi'- jj-ah) [G. stearisteai-), suet, -f pyge, buttocks.] An excessive accumulation of fat on the buttocks. steatop'ygous. Having excessively fat buttocks. steatorrhea, steatorrhcea (ste-S-tor-re'ah) [G. stear {steal-), tallow, -|- rhoia, a. flow.] 1. Overaction of the sebaceous glands, seborrhea. 2. Patty stools, the passage of fat in large amounts in the feces, as noted in certain cases cf pancreatic disease. steatosis (ste-S-to'sis) [G. stear(sieat-), tallow.] i. Adiposis, z. Fatty degeneration. 3. Any dis- ease of the sebaceous, glands., steatozoon (ste-S-tq-zo'on) [G. stear (steat-), tallow, + soon, animal.] Demodex folliculorum. ■ stechiology (ste-kK-ol'o-jl) [G. stoickeion, element, 4- -logia.] The science which ' deals with the ele- ments in any branch Of knowledge, as in chemistry, or in anatomy or'physiolo^; cellular physiology. STECHIOLOGY 9SO STERCOBILIlSr histology of the cells ; also written stoechiology, stoichiology. stechiometry (ste-kl-om'e-tri) fG. stoicheion, element, + metron, measure.] The determination of the actual and relative quantities of the elements concerned in any chemical reaction; also written stoechioinetry and stoichiometry. stee'ple -skull. Oxycephaly. steel [A.S. style.'] An alloy of iron, usually with carbon (J to 3 per cent.) ; in medicine, iron or fer- rum.* tincture of s., tincture of iron, tinctura ferri chloridi. wine of s., wine of iron, vinum ferri. steel-grinders' disease or lung. Siderosis. atege (ste'ge) [G. stegos, roof.] The intenjal pillar of Corti's organ. steg'month (G. siego, I cover.] The puerperium, the period, roughly calcvdated as one month, between childbirth and perfect return to the normal state. stegno'sis [G. stoppage.] i. A stoppage of any of the secretions or excretions, constipation. 2. Constriction, stenosis. stegnot'ic. ±. Astringent, constipating. ^. An as- tringent agent, one checking secretion or causing constipation. Stegomyia (steg-o-mi'I-ah) [G. stegos, roof, + myia, fly.] A tropical and subtropical genus of mos- quitos of the group CuliciwB, tiger mosquito, yellow-fever mosquito. The genus contains at least seventeen species, one of which S. cal'opus (formerly called 5. fasciata) has been identified as the agent of transmission of the yellow-fever germ; it is possible that some or all of the other species of the genus may also serve as in- termediate hosts of the germ of this disease. Stein's test [Stanislav Aleksandr Fyodorovich von Stein, Russian otologist, *i855.] In cases of labyrinthine disease the patient is unable to stand or to hop on one foot with his eyes shut. Steiner's tu'mors (sti'nur). A form of nocardiasis marked by the occurrence of juxta-articular nodules: Jeanselme's nodules. stell'ate [L. stella, a, star.] Star-shaped, b. cells of V. Kupffer, see Kupffer's* cells, s. lig'a- ment, ligamentum radiatum [BNA], any fan- shaped ligament, such as those connecting the costal cartilages with the sternum anteriorly. stell'ula [L. dim. of Stella star.] A small star or star-shaped figtire. s. vasculo'sa, s. Winslowii. s. Verheyen'ii, one of the venas stellatee, the star-shaped groups of veins in the cortex of the Mdney. s. Winslow'ii, Winslow's star, one of the capillary whorls in the lamina choriocapil- laris from which arise the venae vorticosae. Stellwag's sym'ptom (stel'vahgh) [Carl Stellwag von Canon, Viennese ophthalmologist, 1823-1904.] Retraction of the lids and consequent widening of the palpebral slit, or rather infrequency and incompleteness of nictitation, in exophthalmic goiter. Sten'der dish pSVilhelm P. Slender, Leipsic manu- facturer of scientific apparatus, contemporary.] A flat shallow vessel used in staining sections. stenion (sten'I-on) [G. stenos, narrow.] The termi- nation in either temporal fossa of the shortest transverse diameter of the skull, a craniometric point. Ste'no's duct, etc. See Stensen. steno- [G. stenos, narrow.] A prefix denoting narrowness or constriction. stenobreg'mate, stenobregmat'lc. Noting a skull narrow at its anterior portion, the part where the bregma is. stenocar'dia [G. stenos, narrow, + kardia, heart.] Constriction of the heart, angina* pectoris- stenoceph'alous. Noting one with a narrow head, marked by stenocephaly. stenocepha'lia, stenoceph'aly [G. stenos, narrow, + kephale, head.] Marked narrowness of the head. stenochoria (sten-o-ko'rl-ah) [G. sienochoria, nar- rowness.] Abnormal contraction of any canal or orifice, especially of the lacrymal ducts. ste"nocompres'sor \Steno's duct -I- L. compressor.'] An instrument for compressing the ducts of the parotid glands in order to keep back the saliva during dental operations. stenocori'asis [G. stenos, narrow, -I- korS, pupil. Contraction of the pupil, myosis. stenocrota'phia, stenocrot'aphy [G. stenos, narrow, + krotaphos, temple.] Narrowness of the skull in the temporal region; the condition of a sten- obregmate skull. Sten'on's duct, etc. See Stensen. stenope'ic [G. stenos, narrow, + ope, opening.] Provided with a narrow opening or slit; noting i. spectacles used as a protective against snow- blindness. sten'osal. Relating to stenosis. stenosed (sten-ozd'). Narrowed, contracted, stric- tured. sten'osin. Arrhenal, sodium methylarsenate. stenosis (sten-o'sis) [G.] A narrowing of any canal, a strictitte; especially a narrowing of one of the cardiac valves. stenostenosis (ste"no-sten-o'sis). Stricture of the parotid duct, Steno's or Stensen's duct. stenosto'mia [G. stenos, narrow, -f- stoma, mouth.] Narrowness of the oral cavity. stenothermal (sten-o-thur'mal) [G. stenos, narrow, + therme, heat.] Thermostable through a small range, able to withstand only slight changes in temperature. stenotho'rax [G. stenos, narrow.] A narrow con- tracted chest. stenot'ic. Affected with stenosis; narrowed, con- stricted, strictured. Sten'sen's duct [Nicholaus or Nils Stensen, Danish anatomist, 1638-1686.] i. Ductus parotideus. 2. Ductus incisivus. S.'s exper'iment, compres- sion of the abdominal aorta of an animal very promptly causes paralysis of the posterior por- tions of the body since the blood supply to the lumbar cord is almost entirely shut oS. S.'s fora'- men, foramen incisivum. S.'s plex'us, the venous network surrounding S.'s duct. S.'s veins, venas vorticosae. Stent's mass. A plastic material used for taking an impression of the mouth in making a dental plate. stepha'nion [G. dim. of Stephanos, wreath, crown.] A craniometric point where the coronal suture in- tersects the temporal crest (linea temporalis). Ste'phenson's wave [William Stephenson, Scotch ob- stetrician, 1837-1908.] Congestion of the pelvic organs, gradually increasing prior to the menses, becoming stationary when the flow begins, and gradually subsiding at the termination of the menstrual period. stepp'age [Fr.] The peculiar gait of sufferers from diabetic neuritis of the peroneal nerve and from tabes dorsalis; in consequence of this dorsal flexion of the foot is impossible, and the patient in walking is obliged to raise the foot very high in order to clear the ground with the drooping toes. stercobi'lln [L. stercus, excrement.] A brown color- ing matter, derived from the bile, present in the feces. STERCORACEOUS 951 STERN'S PASTURE Etercora'ceous [L. sUrcus(stercor-), excrement.] Fecal, relating to or containing feces. ster'coral. Stercoraceous, stercorous. s. ulcer, an ulcer of the colon caused by the pressure of in- spissated fecal masses. stercoremia, stercoTsemia (stur-ko-re'ml-ah) [L. stercus(stercor-), feces, + G. haima, blood.] Copremia, intestinal autointoxication. ster'corin. A substance resembling cholesterin, derived from feces. Bter'corous. Stercoraceous, stercoral. steicu'lia [L. ster'cHS, excrement, referring to the fetid odor of some of the species.] The seeds of Sierculia {Cola) acuminata, cola.* ster'cus [L.] Feces. stere (stair) [Fr. stire; G. stereos, solid.] A measure of capacity, a cubic meter, a kiloliter. stereo- [G. stereos, solid.] A prefix denoting a solid, or a solid condition or state. stereoagnosis (ster"e-o-ag-no'sis). Astereognosis. stereoanesthesia (ster-e-o-an-es-the'zi-ah) [G. stereos, solid, + an- priv. + aisthesis, sensation.] Inability to recognize the form of objects by handling them. stereoarthrolysis (ster"e-o-ar-throl'I-sis) [G. stereos, solid, + arthron, joint, + lysis, loosening.] The production of a new joint with mobility in cases of bony ankylosis. stereochemical (ster"e-o-kem^-kal). Relating to stereochemistry. stereochemistiy (ster-e-o-kem'is-tri) [G. stereos, solid.] The branch of chemistry dealing with atoms in their space relations, with the positions which the atoms in a compound bear in relation to one another. stereogno'sis [G. stereos, solid, + gnosis, knowledge.] The appreciation of the form of an object by means of touch. stereognos'tic. Relating to stereognosis. stereoisomer (ster-e-o-i'so-mer) [G. stereos, solid, + isos, equal, + meros, part.] A molecule contain- ing the same number and kind of atoms as another but in which these have a different arrangement in space, in virtue of which it may exhibit differ- ent properties. stereoisomeric (ster"e-o-i-so-mei:'ik). Relating to stereoisomerism. stereoisomerism (ster"e-o-i-s6m'er-izm) [G. stereos, solid, 4- isos, equal, + meros, part.] The condi- tion in wliich two or more substances, having the same molecular and constitutional formulas, differ in physical properties ; these differences are due to different spatial arrangements of the atoms or radicals in relation to the carbon atom. stereometer (ster-e-om'e-tur) [G. stereos, solid, + metron, measure.] i. An instrument for measuring the capacity of a vessel or the size of a solid body. 2. An instrument for de- termining the specific gravity of a liquid. Btereom'etry . i . The measurement of a solid object or the cubic capacity of a vessel. 2. Determina- tion of the specific gravity of a liquid. stereophan'toscope [G. stereos, solid, + phantos, visi- ble, -)- skopeo, I view.] A stereophoroscope with moving discs of different colors instead of pictures, Btereophor'oscope [G. stereos, solid, + phoros, a bearer, + skopeo, I view.] A stereoscopic zoe- trope used in testing vision. stereoplasm (ster'e-o-plazm) [G. stereos, solid.] The outer more solid portion of the protoplasm of a cell, especially of a protozoan. stereop'sis [G. stereos, solid, + opsis, vision.] Stero- scopic vision. ster'eoscope [G. stereos, solid, + skopeo, I view.] An instrument by means of which two images of the same object, as seen from slightly different view-points, are blended into one, giving an appearance of relief to the picture. stereoscop'ic. Relating to a stereoscope or to the appearance of relief presented by a solid body, s. vision, the perception of objects in relief and not as all in one plane. stereoskiagraphy (ster"e-o-ski-ag'ra-f!() [G. ste- reos, solid, + skia, shadow, + graphe, a writ- ing.] The taking of an x-ray picture from two slightly different positions so as to obtain a stereoscopic effect. stereotrop'ic. Relating to or exhibiting stereo- tropism. stereot'ropism [G. stereos, solid, + tropos, a turning.] Growth or movement of a plant or animal toward (pqsitive s.) or away from (negative s.) a, solid body. stereo^py (ster'e-o-ti-pl). i. The maintenance of one attitude for a long period. 2. The constant repetition of certain meaningless gestures or movements. ster'esol. A liqtiid composed of benzoin, tincture of tolu, ethereal oil, carbolic acid, saccharin, and shellac dissolved in alcohol; it dries to a vamiah adherent to skin and mucous membranes; em- ployed as a paint to diphtheritic pseudomembrane and as an adhesive to hold thin dressings in place. ster'iform. Trade name of a 5 per cent, mixture of formaldehyde in sugar of milk; employed as an antiseptic, s. chlo'ride, s. containing ammo- nium chloride, 10, and pepsin, 20 per cent. s. i'odide, s. containing ammoniiim iodide, 10, and pepsin, 20 per cent. sterig'ma [G. sterigma, a support.] In botany, the stalk which bears the gonidium or spore in fungi. sterile (ster'U) [L. sterilis, barren.] 1. Unfruitful, not fertile, bearing no progeny. 2. Aseptic. sterility (ster-il'i-ti) . Barrenness, infertility, un- productiveness, one-child »., s. occurring in a woman who has borne one child and has no more, sterilization (ster"il-i-za'shun) . i. The act or process of making any person or thing sterile. 2. Castration. 3. The destruction of all micro- organisms in or about an object; cf. pasteuriza- tion, discontin'uous s., exposure to a tem- perature of 100° C. (212° F.) for a definite period, usually an hour, on each of several definite period, usually an hour, on each of several successive days, frac'tional s., the heating of a fluid to 56° to 70° C. (132.8° to 158° F.) for a given period, usually one hour, on each of several successive days; at each heating the developed bacteria are destroyed, but the spores are unaf- fected; also called tyndallization. intermitt'ent s., fractional s. or discontinuous s. s. by flowing steam, s. by exposure in an unsealed vessel to the action of steam at a temperatiu'e of 100° C. (212° F.). s. by steam under pressure, s. effected by exposure to the action of superheated steam in an autoclave.* ster'ilize. To render sterile; to castrate; to make aseptic. ster'ilizer. An apparatus for making anything aseptic or germ-free. Bter'isol. Trade name of an antiseptic solution of formaldehyde, potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, and sugar of milk in water. Stem's pos'ture [Heinrich Stern, New York physi- cian, 1868— 1918.] In cases of tricuspid insuffi- ciency the murmur is developed or made more distinct if the patient lies supine with the head STERN'S POSTURE 9S2 STETHOSCOPE extended and lowered over the end of the table; this is S.'s posture or position. S.'s proce'dure, placing the patient on the left side, when tym- pany and gurgling will be perceived in the mid- abdomen in cases of typhlatonia. ster'nad. In a direction toward the sternum. ster'nal. Relating to the sternum. stemalgia (stur-nal'jl-ah) [G. siernon, stemmn, -f- algos, pain.] Pain in the sternum or the sternal region, sternodynia. sterna'lis. See under musculus. sternebra, pi. ster'nebra (stur'ne-brah) [sternium) -f- (vert)ebra.] A sternal vertebra, one of the four segments by the fusion of which in early life the body of the sternum is formed. sternen (stur'nen) [G. en, in.] Relating to the sternum independent of any other structures. stemochondroscapularis (stur-no-kon"dro-skap-u- la'ris) [G. siernon, sternum, + ckondros, cartilage, + L. scapula.] See under musculus. stemoclavic'ular. Relating to the sternum and the clavicle ; noting an articulation, and an occasional muscle. stemoclavicula'ris. See under musculus. stemoclei'dal [G. siernon, sternum, + kleis^kleid^), key (clavicle).] Relating to the sternum and the clavicle. sternocleidomastoid (stur"no-kli"do-mas'toyd). Re- lating to sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process, noting the origins and insertion of the muscle so named. stemocleidomastoideus (ster"no-kli"do-mas-to-id'e- us). See under musculus. stemocos'tal [L. sternum + casta, rib.] Relating to the sternum and the ribs. stemodym'ia. Stemopagia. sternod'ymus [G. siernon, sternum, -f- didymos, twin.] Stemopagus. stemodyn'ia [G. siernon, sternum, + odyne, pain.] Stemalgia. stemofascialis (stur"no-fa-sU-al'is). See under m-usculus. stemogloss'al. Noting muscular fibers which occa- sionally pass from the sternohyoid muscle to join the hyoglossal muscle. stemohyoideus (stur"no-hi"o-id'e-us). See under musculus. ster'noid [G. siernon, sternum, -t- eidos, resemblance.] Resembling the sternum. stemomas'toid. Relating to the sternum and the mastoid process of the temporal bone, noting the musculus* stemocleidomastoideus. stemopa'gia. Stemodymia, a double monstrosity with fusion at the sternum. stemop'agus [G. siernon, sternum, -f- pagos, joined together.] Stemodymus, a twin monster with fusion of the sterna or the anterior chest- walls. stemopericar'dial. Relating to the sternum and the pericardium; noting the superior and inferior s. ligaments, passing from the posterior surface of the sternum to the anterior surface of the peri- cardium. sternothyroideus (stur"no-thi-ro-id'e-us). See under musculus. sternotracheal (stur-no-tra'lce-al). Relating to the sternum and the trachea. stemotrype'sis [G. siernon, sternum + irypesis, a boring.] Trephining of the sternum. sternovertebral (stur-no-vur'te-bral). Vertebroster- nal, relating to the sternum and the vertebrae, noting the true ribs, or the seven upper ribs on either side, which articulate with the vertebras and with the sternum. Bternum, gen. ster'ni, pi. ster'na (stur'num) [G. siernon, the chest.] The breast- bone, a long flat bone, articulating with the cartilages of the first seven ribs and with the clavicle, forming the middle part of the anterior wall of the thorax; it consists of three portions: the corpus or body, mesosternum, gladiolus; the manubrium or presternum; the ensiform or xiphoid cartilage or appendix or process, or metasternum. stemutatio (stur-nu-ta'shyo) [L. sternuiare, slernu- ere, to sneeze.] Sternutation, sneezing, s. con- vulsi'va, paroxysmal sneezing, the sneezing of hay fever. stemuta'tion [L. siernuiaiio.] Sneezing. sternutator (stur'nu-ta-tur) [L. sternuiare, to sneeze.] Sneezing gas,* diphenylchlorarsine. stemu'tatory. Errhine, ster'tor [L. sieriere, to snore.] A snore, a noisy inspi- ration occurring in coma or deep sleep, hen- cluck 3., a breath-sound like the clucking of a hen, sometimes heard in cases of postpharyngeal abscess. stertorous (stur'tor-us). Relating to or character- ized by stertor or snoring. ster'ule. Trade name for a flask-shaped glass cap- sule containing a sterile solution of an alkaloid or other drug, chiefly for hypodermic or ophthalmic use; the neck of the flask is broken when it is desired to use the solution. stetharteritis (steth-ar-ter-i'(e')tis) [G. stethos, chest, + arieria, artery, -I- -itis^ Inflammation of the aorta or other arteries in the chest. stethe'mia, stethae'mia [G. stethos, chest, + haima, blood.] Pulmonary congestion. stethocathar'sis [G. stethos, chest, + katharsis, a. purging.] Expectoration. stethocyr'tograph [G. stethos, chest, -|- kyrtos, bent, + grapho, I record.] An apparatus for measur- ing and recording the curvatures of the thorax. stethogoniom'eter [G. stethos, chest, + gonia, angle, -f- matron, measure.] An apparatus for measuring the curvatures of the thorax. steth'ograph [G. stethos, chest, -h grapho, I record.] An apparatus for recording the respiratory move- ments of the chest. stethokyrtograph (steth"o-kur'to-graf). Stethocyr- tograph. stethome'nia [G. sieihos, chest, + men, month.] Hemoptysis occurring as a form of vicarious menstruation. stethometer (steth-om'e-tur) [G. stethos, chest, + melron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the circumference of the chest and its varia- tions in respiration. stethomyitis, stethomyositis (steth-o-mi-i'(e')tis, steth-o-mi-o-si'(se')tis) [G. stethos, chest, -I- mys, muscle, -t- -itis.'\ Inflammation of the muscles of the chest-wall. stethoparal'ysis [G. stethos, chest.] Paral3rsis of the respiratory muscles. stethophone (steth'o-fon) [G. stethos, chest, + phone, sound.] Stethoscope. stethophonom'eter [G. stethos, chest, + phoni, sound, + meiron, measure.] A device for meas- uring the intensity of the sounds heard on auscultation or of the percussion note. stethopol'yscope [G. stethos, chest, + polys, many, -|- skoped, 1 examine.] A stethoscope with a num- ber of flexible ear tubes, so that several persons can listen at the same time to the same ausculta- tory sound. Bteth'OBCope [G. sieihos, chest, -f- skopeo, I examine.] An instrument originally devised by Laennec for TETHOSCOPE 9S3 STILL-CHAUFFARD SYNDROME aid in hearing the respiratory and cardiac sounds in the chest; now modified in various ways and employed in mediate auscultation of any of the vascular or other sounds in the body anywhere. binau'ral s., Cammann 's s . or some modification of it; it consists essentially of two self-retaining ear pieces connected with a single bell, difieren'tial B., one having two bells, or chest pieces, so that two sounds in different parts of the chest may be heard simultaneously and compared. ithoscop'ic. 1 . Relating to or effected by means of a stethoscope. 2. Relating to an examination of the chest. sthos'copy. 1. Examination of the chest by menas of auscultation, either mediate or imme- diate, and percussion. 2. Mediate ausctiltation with the stethoscope. For the system of stetho- scopic abbreviations adopted by the International Tuberculosis Association in 1913, see the Appen- dix. ew'art's solu'tion [Douglas Hunt Stewart, New York surgeon, *i86o.] i. An antiseptic solution of alum sulphate I, calx chlorinata 2, in water 100, boiled for 5 minutes; used for hand ster- ilization. 2. Biniodide solution, containing calomel i gr., in two ounces each of alcohol, tincture of iodine, and glycerin. S.'s pur'ple, iodine I gr. in vaseline i ounce. lew'art's test. Estimation of the amount of collateral circulation, in case of an aneurysm of the main artery of a. limb, by means of a calorimeter. ewart -Holmes sign (stu'art-homz' sm). The pa- tient rests his elbow on the table and attempts to flex the arm, this being resisted by the ex- aminer grasping the wrist; the wrist being now released flexion at once occurs but is soon arrested by the involuntary contraction of the triceps; in cerebellar hypotonia, however, this reflex does not occur and flexion of the arm is continued to its fullest extent. Iie'nia [G. sthenos, strength.] A condition of activity and apparent force, as in an acute sthenic* fever. ien'ic. Strong, active; marked by sthenia, said of a fever with strong bounding pulse, high temperature, and active deliriunTi. denop'yra [G. sthenos, force, + pyr, fire.] A sthenic* fever. ib'ialism [L. stibium, antimony.] Chronic anti- monial poisoning. ib'iated [L. stibium, antimony.] Impregnated with or containing antimony, antimonialized. ibia'tiou. The process or the condition of being stibiated ib'me. A compound of antimony and hydrogen, SbHg, acting chemically as a basic radical, antimoniureted hydrogen. ib'ium [L.; G. stibi.'\ Antimony. ibo'nium. The hypothetical radical SbH,, analo- gous to ammonium. ichochrome (stik'o-krom) [G. stichos, a row, -H ckrama, color.] Noting a nerve-cell in which the tigroid mass, or stainable material, is arranged in roughly parallel rows or lines. ick'er's disease' [G. Sticker, German physician, *i86o.] Erythema infectiosum. ick'ing-plaster. Court plaster, a protective plaster made of sUk spread on one side with a thin coating of isinglass. ic'ta [G. stiktos, dappled.] Lungwort, a lichen Sticta pulmonaria; employed in eclectic practice for chronic coughs and rheumatism, especially when there is pain between the shoulders shooting up to the back of the head; employed in home- opathy in the treatment of catarrhal troubles with dryness of the mucous menibranes, and in hard, dry coughs. stiff-neck'. Wryneck, torticollis, s.-n. fever, (i) dengue; .(2) cerebrospinal* meningitis. sti'fle-bone. The patella of the stifle-]'oint of a horse. sti'fle-joint. The femorotibial joint in the hind leg of a horse. stig'ma, pi. stig'mata [G.a mark; siizo, I prick.] i. In botany, the part of the pistil of a flower, sessile on the ovary or at the extremity of the style, usually moistened with a viscid fluid, which receives the pollen. -2. In anatomy; (o) the interval between the endothelial cells in the wall of a capillary or lymph-channel ; (b) the point of rupture of a Graafian follicle on the surface of the ovary. 3 . In pathology : (a) any spot or blemish on the skin ; (6) a bleeding spot on the skin of an hysterical person; (c) see stigma of degeneration. 4. In protozoology, the eye-spot of an infusorian. cos'tal s., Stiller's* sign. s. of degenera'tion, one of a number of physical, nervous, or psychic abnormalities occurring solely, or with preponder- ating frequency, in degenerates, s. ventric'uli, one of a number of miliary ecchymoses of the gas- tric mucosa. stig'mal. Stigmatic. stig'mata. , Plural of stigma, s. may'dis, corn-silk; employed in eclectic practice as a mild stimulat- ing diuretic and in cystitis and gravel, in doses of iT^2o— 60 (1.3—4.0) of the specific preparation. For the U.S. P. preparation see zea. stigmat'ic. Relating to or marked by a stigma or stigmata. stig'matism. The condition of having stigmata. stigmatiza'tion. i. Stigmatism, 2. The production of stigmata, especially of hysterical stigmata. stigmatodennia (stig"m3,-to-dur'mI-ah) [G. stigma (stigmat-), mark, + derma, skin.] A disorder of the skin marked by the occurrence of spotted lesions. stigmatom'eter. Astigmatometer. stigmato'sis. Stigmatodermia. stigmomet'ric card [G. stigme, a point, + metron, measure.] Fridenberg's test card; a card con- taining a series of dots and squares, of definite and graduated size, arranged in groups; these dots are to be counted at various distances as a test of vision and accommodation in illiterates. sti'let, stilette'. Style. sti'li. PI. of stilus {q.v.). s. ac'idi salicyl'ici dilu'- biles (N.F.), salicylic acid pencils, containing 10 per cent, of the active agent, s. cocai'nse dilu'- biles, cocaine pencils, containing 5 per cent, cocaine hydrochloride, s. dilu'biles (N.P.) [L. diluere, to dilute], paste pencils, Unna pencils; a paste of starch, dextrin, tragacanth, and sugar; after the incorporation of a medicinal substance, the paste is rolled into cylinders and dried; em- ployed as a means of making direct application to the skin. Still's disease [George Frederic Still, English physi- cian, *i868.] A peculiar form of polyarticular joint disease, associated with glandular and splenic enlargement, occurring in infants and young children; it is accompanied by profuse sweating, d- mild fever of intermittent type, and occasion- ally prominence of the eyes; retarded develop- ment is a feature of sufferers from the disease. still-birth. The delivery of a dead fetus. Still-Chauffard syn'drome (stil-sho-far'). Chauf- fard* syndrome. STILLER'S SIGN 954 STOKES-ADAMS DISEASE Stil'ler's sign [Berthold Stiller, Budapest physician, *l837.] The presence of a floating tenth rib as indicative of a neurasthenic tendency; called also costal stigma. BtHlicidium (stil-I-sid'J-um) [L. the trickling of rain; stilla, drop, + cadere, to fall.] A dripping, dribbling, or falling of a liquid drop by drop. S. lacrima'rum, epiphora, s. na'rium, the discharge of watery mucus in the early stages of coryza. s. uri'nte, incontinence of urine in cases of dis- tended bladder; strangury. StUl'ing's canal' [Benedict Stilling, German anato- mist, 1810-1879.] Cloquet's canal, canalis* hyoideus. S.'s cells or S.'s column, S.'s nucleus. S.'s fleece, the white fibers surrounding the nucleus dentatus of the cerebellum. S.'s gelat'lnous sub'stance, the neuroglia surroimding the central canal of the spinal cord. S.'s nu'cleus, a group or column of scattered cells running the greater part of the length of the spinal cord just anterior (ventrad) to Clarke's column. S.'s raph'e, the transverse fibers uniting the pyra- mids on the anterior surface of the oblongata. Still'ing's col'or ta'bles [Jacob Stilling, German ophthalmologist, 1842-1915.] Reuss's color tables. stillin'gia [Benjamin StilUngfleet, an English bota- nist, 1702-1771.] (U.S.) The dried root of Stillingia sylvaiica, queen's delight, silver-leaf, yaw-root, an herb of the southeastern United States; employed as an alterative in doses of gr. 15—30 (i. "6—2.0); in eclectic practice it is employed in the treatment of ozena, chronic laryngitis and pharyngitis, and syphilis. BtlU'ingln. A precipitate from a tincture of stil- lingia, employed as an alterative in the treatment of syphilis and scrofula. Stilus [L. a stake.] Stylus; a pencil-shaped medic- inal preparation for external application; a medicated bougie; a pencil or stick of nitrate of silver or other caustic. See stili. stim'ulant [L. stimulans; stimulare, to urge on, to incite.] i. Stimulating, exciting to action. 2. An agent that arouses organic activity, strength- ens the action of the heart, increases vitality, and promotes a sense of well-being. Stimulants are classified, according to the parts upon which they chiefly act, as cardiac, respiratory, stomachic, hepatic, cerebral, spinal, vascular, genital, etc. dlfiu'sible s., one that produces a rapid but tem- porary effect, gen'eral b., one that affects the entire body, local s., one whose action is con- fined to the part to which it is applied. Btlm'ulate. To arouse the system in general or any special system or organ to increased fimc- tional activity. stlmula'tlon. i. The arousing of the body or any of its parts or organs to increased functional activity. ^. The condition of being stimulated. stlm'uUn. I. A substance said to be present in fresh gastric juice which stimulates the gastric glands to renewed secretion. 2. A substance in normal and especially in immune serum which stimulates the cells to increased phagocytic activity, 3. A non-specific substance, such as broth, which has the supposed power of increasing the activity of the leucocytes BtJm'ulus, pi, stim'uU [L. a goad.] x. A stimulant. a. Anything which arouses action (the response) in a. muscle, nerve, or gland, or which promotes some trophic change, ad'equate s., homologous i. heterol'ogous s., a s. which acts upon any part of the sensory apparatus or nerve-tract. homol'ogous s., one which acts only upon the nerve terminations in a special sense organ. Sti'pa [L. tow.] A genus of grasses some species of which are ornamental, others used for forage. S. IneObrians, a species which is said to produce stupor in animals grazing on it. S. sibe'rica, that Siberian species having an action similar to a of S. inebrians. S. vas'eyi, S. virid'ula, sleepy grass, a species growing in jjhe southwestern United States, which is said to be narcotic. Btipe, stipes (stip, sti'pez) [L. stipes, trunk.] i. The stalk which supports the pileus of a mushroom. 2. The stalk which supports the carpel. 3. The petiole of a frond. stipp'ling. In histology, a speckling of a blood-cell or other structure with fine dots when exposed to the action of a basic stain, due to the presence of free basophile granules in the cell protoplasm. stjp'ule [L. stipula, dim. of stipes, trunk, stock.] An appendage at the base of a leaf. stirp [sturp) [L. stirps, a stock.] i. A race or family. 2. Galton's term for the aggregation or sum total of gemmules or organic units in the fertilized ovum. stirpiculture (stuT'pJ-kul"tur) [L. stirps, stock, + cultura, cultivation.] Scientific selection in breed- ing in order to improve the stock. stirr'up [A.S. siirdp.] Stapes. stitch [A.S. stice, a pricking.] ±. A sharp sticking pain of momentary duration, z. A suture. stith [an obsolete term for anvil.] Incus. stock [A.S. stoc] A supply of any material kept on hand ready for use. s. culture, a culture of any microorganism kept constantly active, by rein- oculation of fresh media from time to time. s. vaccine, a bacterial vaccine made from any of the species, not from one individual strain, distinguished from an autogenous vaccine. Stock'er's sign. For the differentiation between typhoid fever and tuberculous meningitis; if in the former disease, the bedclothes are pulled down the patient takes little or no notice, but in tuberculous meningitis the interference is resented and the clothes are quickly pulled up again. stock'ing. Edema of the leg in the horse. Stodd'art's gel'atin a'gar. See under agar. stcechiology, stoichlology (ste-kl-ol'o-jl, stoy-ki-ol'- o-jl). Stechiology. stoechiometer, stoichiometeT (ste-kl-om'e-ter, stoy- kl-om'e-ter). Stechiometer. stoechiometry, stoichlometiy (ste-kl-om'e-trl, stoy- kl-om'e-tri). Stechiometry. Stoerk's blenorrhe'a [Karl Stoerk, Viennese laryngol- ogist, 1832-1899.] Chronic, first purulent then dry, catarrh of the upper air-passages with hyper- trophy of the mucous membrane and submucosa ; in many cases the same as scleroma. Stokes's expec'torant [William Stokes, Dublin phy- sician, 1804—1878.] Mistvira pectoralis, Stokes (N.P.). S.'s law, a muscle lying above an in- flamed mucous or serous membrane is frequently the seat of paralysis. S.'s lin'iment, a turpentine liniment, practically the same as linimenttim terebinthinse aceticum (N.P.). S.'s opera'tion, amputation through the articular extremity of the femur; see cut under amputation. S.'s sign, pulsation felt on palpation of the right side of the abdomen in acute enteritis. Stokes's rea'gent [William Royal Stokes, American pathologist, *i87o.] A solution of ferrous sul- phate, with the addition of citric acid, alkalinized with ammonia ; employed as a test for hemoglobin. Stokes-Adams disease' [William Stokes, Dublin physician, 1804-1878; Robert Adams, Glasgow :OKES-ADAMS DISEASE 9SS STOMATOLOGY physician, 1794-1861.] A syndrome chaxacter- ized by slow and occasionally irregular pulse, rertigo, syncope, pseudoepileptic convulsions, and sometimes Cheyne-Stokes respiration; the path- ology is uncertain, but arteriosclerosis is almost :onstantly present. The syndrome was described by Adams in 1827 and by Stokes in 1842; also by Spens* in 1792. jk'vis's test [Barend Joseph E. Siokvis, Dutch physician, *i834.] For bile in the urine: the suspected urine is mixed with a solution of zinc icetate, the precipitate is washed in water, liissolved in aqua ammonias, and filtered; if the urine contains bile-pigments the filtrate will gradually turn a greenish blue color. I'lon [L. stolo, a shoot.] In botany, a slender shoot trailing on the ground. )ltz's opera'tion [Joseph Stoltz, French gynecol- ogist, 1803— 1896.] Pubiotomy. I'ma, pi. sto'mata [G. a mouth.] 1.. A rninute opening or pore. j. Stigma (2a). 3. In botany, a minute aperture on the surface of i± leaf or young stem communicating with an air-space in its substance, 4. In composition, noting the mouth, or an artificial opening between two cav- ities or canals, or betT^een such and the surface of the body. >macace (sto-mak'a-se). Stomatocace. >mach (stum'ak) [G. stomachos, L. stomachus.'] Ventricula [BNA]; a large irregularly piriform sac between the esophagus and the small intestine, lying just beneath the diaphragm ; when distended it is 10 or II inches in length and 4 to 4 J inches in its greatest diameter, and has a capacity of about I quart. Its wall has four coats or tunics — mucous, submucous, muscular, and peritoneal; the muscular coat is composed of three layers — the fibers ruiming longitudinally in the outer, circularly in the middle, and obliquely in the inner layer, biloc'ular s., hourglass s. car'diac s., fimdus. drain-trap s., water-trap s. hour'glass s., a condition in which there is a central constriction of the wall of the stomach dividing it more or less completely into two cavities, a cardiac and a py- loric, leather-bott'le s., a condition of extreme hypertrophy of the wall of the stomach, resulting from stenosis of the pylorus or occurring in cases of cirrhosis; in the latter case there is also marked contraction of the cavity of the organ, pit of the s., epigastriimi, scrobiculus cordis, pylor'ic s., antrum, tri'fld s., a condition in which the stom- ach is divided by two constrictions into three pouches, wal'let s., a form of dilated stomach in which there is a general bag-like distention, the antrum and fundus being indistinguishable. water-trap s., a ptotic and dilated s., having a relatively high (though normally placed) pyloric outlet which is held up by the gastrohepatic liga- ment. aelditr, gastroxia, gastroxynsis, pyrosis, heartburn; hyperchlorhydria. atrophy, gastratrophia. calculus, gastrolith; bezoar (in animals), congestion, gastremia, Eastiffimia, gasterangemphraxis. connecting the py- £)ric and cardiac extremities m cases 01 constriction, eastrogastrostomy, gastroanastomosis. dilatation, gas- trectasia gastroectasia, macrogastna. diminution, eastroohthisis, gastrostenosis. disease, gastropathy, eastronosus, gastrosis, gastricism; gastrypopathia fslight) ■ gastryperpathia (severe) ; gastromycosis (due to fonHi) ejection of matter from, vomiting, emesis; eructation, belching (gas), examination of, gastros- copy stomachoscopy. excessive mucous secretion, eastr'oblennorrhea, gastromyxorrhea, gastrorrhea. ex- cessive secretion of gastric juice, gastrochymorrhea, eastrosuccorrhea. excision, gastrectomy, gastropylo- fectomy. fixation of a prolapsed, gastropexy. func- tional weakness, gastrasthenia, gastroadynamia. gaseous distention, gastrotympamtes. hemorrhage. gastrorrhagia, hematemesis, gastrostaxis. hernia, gastrocele. incision into, gastrotomy. inflammation, gastritis, mycogastritis; gastroadenitis (glands) ; linitis ([connective tissue); gastroenteritis (stomach and intestine); gastrocohtis (stomach and colon); gastro- duodenitis (stomach and duodenum); gastroenteroco- litis (stomach, small and large intestine), instrument for recording movements, gastrogiaph, gastrocineso- graph. irregular movements, gastrataxia, gastro- ataxia, gastrospasm. irritability, gastrerethism, gas- trohypemeuria. large size, megalogastria, gastro- megaly, macrogastria. motor activity, prochoresis. operative coniinunication with colon, gastrocolostomy. operative communication with duodenum,^ gastroduod- enostomy. operative communication with intestine, gastroenterostomy, operative formation of a fistula, gastrostomy, operative reduction in size, gastroplica- tion. pain, gastralgia, gastrodynia, stomachoaynia, cardialgia, stomachalgia, hyperesthesia ventnculi, stomach-ache; gastralgocenosis (relieved by taking food), paralysis, gastroparalysis, gastroplegia. per- foration of ulcer, gastrobrosis, gastrodialysis. plastic surgery, gastroplasty, prolapse, gastroptosia. science relating to, gastrology. small size, microgastria. soltening, gastromalacia; malacoma, malacosis, mplli- ties, or malacia ventriculi. suppressed secretion, achylia gastrica, anadenia ventriculi, achlorhydria, hypochlorhydria. suture of, gastrorrhaphy, ulcera- tion, gastrohelcosis, gastrohelcoma, " gastrelcosis. vicarious menstruation, gastromenia. stomach-ache (stum'ak-ak). Gastralgia, gastro- dynia, stomachalgia, stbmachodynia. stomachal (stum'ak-al). Relating to the stomach. stomachalgia (stum-ak-al'ji-ah) [G. stomachos, stomach, -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the stomach, stomach-ache. stomachic (stom-ak'ik). i. Stomachal. ■^. An agent which improves appetite and digestion. stomachodynia (stom-ak-o-din'I-ah) [G. stomachos, stomach, + odyne, pain.] Gastrodynia. stomachoscopy (stom-ak-os'ko-pl) [G. stomachos, stomach, + skopeo, I examine.] (Jastroscopy. stomach -reefing (stum'ak ref'ing). Gastropli- cation. sto'mata. Plural of stoma. sto'matal. Relating to a stoma. stomatargia [G. stoma, mouth, + algos, pain.] Pain in the mouth. stomat'ic [G. stoma, mouth.] Relating to the mouth, oral. stomatitis (sto-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. stoma(stomat-), mouth, + -itis.] Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, sore-mouth, aph'thous s., a catarrhal s. with the formation of minute vesicles on the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks, and tongue, catarrh'al s., a simple non- ulcerative inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, epidem'ic a., foot-and-mouth disease, follic'ular s., aphthous s. gan'grenous s., noma, herpet'ic s., aphthous s. mycot'ic s., thrush, parasit'ic s., thrush, s. intertrop'ica, sprue (2). s. simplex, catarrhal s. s. ulcero'sa, rdcerative s., stomatocace, putrid sore mouth, a destructive ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth, s. ulcero'sa chron'ica, Riggs's disease, vesic'ular s., aphthous s. stomatocace (sto-mi-tok'a-se) [L. stoma(,stomai-), mouth, -I- feofee, badness.] Ulcerative stomatitis, putrid sore mouth. sto"inatocathar'sis [G. stoma, mouth, + katharsis, purgation, cleansing.] i. Disinfection of the oral cavity. 2. Salivation. stomatodyn'ia [G. stoma(siomat-), mouth, -h odyne, pain.] Stomatalgia. stomatodyso'dia [G. stom^{siomat-), mouth, + dysodia, bad odor.] A bad odor or stench from the mouth. stomatological (sto-mS-to-loj'i-kal). Relating to stomatology. stomatol'ogist. One who is skilled in stomatology. stomatol'ogy [G. stoma, mouth, + -logia.'\ The STOMATOLOGY 9S6 STRAIN branch of medical science which has to do with the mouth and teeth and their diseases. stomatomalacia (sto-mJi-to-mal-a'sJ-ah) [G. stoma(stomat-) , mouth, + mdtakia, softness.] Pathological softening of any of the structures of the mouth; noma. stomatome'nia [G. siomaisiomai-), mouth, + men, month.] Bleeding from the gums as a form of vicarious menstruation. stomat'omy. Stomatotomy. stomatomycosis (sto"ma-to-mi-ko'sis) [G. stoma- (stomai-), mouth, + mykes, fungus.] Thrush or other disease of the mouth due to the presence of a microscopic fungus. stomatonecrosis (sto"ma-to-ne-kro'sis) [G. stoma- {siomat-), mouth, + nekrosis, a, killing.] Gang- rene of the mouth, noma. stoin"atono'ma [G. sioma(skimai-), mouth, + name, spreading.] Gangrene of the mouth, noma. stomatopathy (sto-mS-top'S-thi) [G. stoma {stomal-), mouth, -{- pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the mouth. stomatoplas'tic. Relating to stomatoplasty. stomatoplasty (sto'mg,-to-plas-tii) [G. stoma {stomal-), mouth, + ptasso, I form.] Repara- tive or plastic surgery of the mouth. stomatorrhagia (sto"mS.-tor-raj'i-ah) [G. stoma {stomal-), mouth, -|- -rhagia.] Bleeding from the gums or other part of the oral cavity. stom'atoscope [G, stoma{stomat-), mouth, -(- skopeo, I examine.] An apparatus for illuminating the interior of the mouth to facilitate examination. stomato'sis [G. stoma{slomal-), mouth.] Any dis- ease of the oral cavity. stomatot'omy [G. stoma{slom-aW), mouth, -\- tome, incision.] Nicking the edge of a rigid os uteri to facilitate labor. stoma to ty'phus. Ulcerative stomatitis, stoma- tocace. stomenorrhagia (sto-men-or-raj'i-ah) [G. stoma, mouth, -{- Ttien, month, -|- -rhagia,] Stoma- tomenia. stomoceph'alus [G. stoma, mouth, -t- kephale, head.] A monster with undeveloped jaw and a snout- like mouth. stomod'eal. Relating to the stomodeum. stomodeum, stomodaeum (sto-mo-de'um) [G. stoma, mouth, -|- daio, I divide.] The invagina- tion of the ectoderm forming the mouth cavity. Stomox'ys cal'citrans [G. stoma, mouth, + oxys, sharp; L. calcitrare, to kick, noting the efforts of cattle to rid themselves of the insect.] A species of biting fly, resembling in size and general appearance the common house-fly; this or another species of the same genus is believed to be the intermediate host of Trypanosoma evansi, the cause of surra. stone [A.S. stan.] i. Calculus.* a. An English unit of weight of the human body, equal to 14 pounds. 3. Noting a, complete loss of any of the senses or of life ; as stone blind, stone deaf, stone dead, blue s., cupri sulphas. stone'-bruise. A bruise of the foot received in walking barefoot over loose stones. stone'-masons' disease' or lung. Silicosis. stone' -searcher. A steel sound with an angular curve near its tip, used in the examination of the bladder in the case of a suspected calculus. Btool [A.S. stol, seat.] i. An evacuation of the bowels. 2. Feces, the matter discharged at one movement of the bowels. stop. In dentistry, to fill a tooth-cavity. stop'-needle, A surgical needle, with the eye at the tip, the shank of which has a projecting shelf to arrest the needle when it has passed the desired distance through the tissues. stop'-speculiim. A dilating speculum, as for exam- ple one for the eyelids, which is provided with a catch to prevent its being opened too wide. stor'age batt'ery. A battery having two plates of lead or other material immersed in an electrolyte ; when these are charged with a current of electric- ity they become negative and positive, and when a connection is made the current flows from one to the other as between the poles of a galvanic battery; accumulator. See cut under battery. sto'rax. Styrax. storesinol (sto-rez'I-nol). One of two amorphous resins, or alcohols, C8sHjt(OH)3, contained in styrax. stork-legs. The picture presented by extreme wasting of the feet and legs as far as the knees in cases of progressive muscular atrophy. Storm Lake Mineral Spring, Iowa. Alkaliue-saline- calcic-carbonated waters. Used by drinking in diseases of the bowels, liver, and kidneys. Stoughton's elix'ir (sto'ton) [Stoughlon, English physician, eighteenth century.] An- elixir con- taining aloes, rhubarb, gentian, and cascarilla, with various flavoring tinctures. stovaine (sto'vah-een). A local anesthetic, used especially to induce intraspinal anesthesia, in injections of gr. J—} (0.015— 0.045); chemically it is benzoyl-ethyldimethyl-aminopropanol hydro- chloride. stovainization (sto-vah-e-ni-za'shtm). The induc- tion of spinal anesthesia by subarachnoid injec- tions of stovaine. strabis'mal, strabis'mic. Relating to or affected with strabismus. strabismom'eter [G. strabismos + meiron, measure.] An ivory plate with upper margin curved, to conform with the lower lid, and marked in milli- meters or fractions of an inch, used to measure the lateral deviation in squint. strabismus (str&-biz'mus) [G. strabismos.] Heterotropia, squint; a constant lack of parallelism of the visual axes of the eyes, al'temating s., see squint. dynam'ic s., latent squint, heterophoria.* s. con- ver'gens, internal squint.* s. diver'gens, external squint.* o. deor'sum ver'gens, vertical squint, in which the visual axis of one eye deviates downward, s. sur'sum ver'gens, vertical squint, in which the visual axis of one eye deviates upward. unioc'ular s., see squint. strabom'eter, Strabismometer. strabotome (strab'o-tom). A knife for use in performing stra- botomy. strabot'omy [G. strabismos, strabismus, -f tome, a cutting.] Division of one or more of the ocu- lar muscles or their tendons for the correction of squint. Strachan's disease (strawn) [William Henry Williams Strachan, English physician, nineteenth century ] Pellagra. strain (stran) [A.S. strynd; slreonan, to beget.] i . A race or stock; said of bacteria or protozoa derived from a definite source and preserved in success- ive cultures or by successive animal inoculations. 2. An hereditary tendency. May's Strabis- mometer. TRAIN 9S7 STRATUM rain (stran) \L. stringere, to bind.] i. To make an effort to the limit of one's strength. 2. To injure by overuse or improper use. 3. To filter. to percolate. 4. An act of straining. 5. In- juxy resulting from strain or overuse. rainer (stran'ur) . A filter or percolator. •ait. In obstetrics (1) the upper opening, superior strait, or inlet; or (2) the lower opening, inferior strait, or outlet, of the pelvic canal. :ait'-jacket. A shirt with very long sleeves, used to restrain a, violently insane person; the shirt is put on and securely laced, and then the patient's arms are folded and the ends of the sleeves are fastened behind the back; sometinies simply a square of canvas buckling behind, binding the arms to the sides of the body. ramo'nium (U.S., Br.). The dried leaves (and ripe seeds — Br.) of Datura stramonium, thorn- apple, Jamestown or Jimson weed, stink-weed, an herb abounding in temperate and subtropical countries. It contains an alkaloid, daturine, resembling hyoscyamine or atropine; it is anti- spasmodic in doses of gr. 1—3 (0.06-0.2) and anodyne locally appHed. rangalesthesia, strangalssthesia (strang^'gal-es- the'zi-ah) [G. sirangale, halter, + aisthesis, sensa- tion.] Girdle-sensation, zonesthesia. rangle (strang-gl) [G. sirangaloo, I choke.] To siiffocate, to choke ; to compress the trachea so as to prevent respiration. rangles (strang'glz). An acute infectious disease in the horse, marked by catarrh of the anterior respiratory passages with enlargement and suppu- ration of the glands in the floor of the mouth; it is caused by the streptococcus of Schtitz and affects chiefly horses under the age of five years. rang'ulated. Constricted so as to prevent the passage of air, noting the trachea; or so as to cut off the blood-supply, noting a hernia or any part encircled by a tight band. rangula'tion. The act of strangulating or the condition of being strangulated, in any sense. rangury (strang'gu-ri) [G. stranx{strang'), a drop, H- ouron, urine.] Di£&ctilty in micturition, the urine being passed drop by drop with pain and tenesmus. rap [A.S. stropp,] i. A strip of adhesive plaster. 2 . To apply overlapping strips of adhesive plaster, covering an ulcer for example. rassburg's test (strahs'boorg) [Gustav Adolf Strassburg, German physiologist, *i848.] For bile in the urine : albumin, if present, is precipi- tated, then cane-sugar is added and filter paper is dipped in the fluid and dried; if bile pigments are present in the urine sulphuric acid will turn the filter paper a reddish violet color. rath'peffer, Scotland. Sulphurous and chalyb- eate waters. Cold. Used by drinking and bath- ing in rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, skin diseases, and gastrohepatic disorders. May to October, ratifica'tion [G. stratum, layer, -H facere, to make.] An arrangement in the form of layers or strata. rat'ified. Arranged in the form of layers or strata. rat'iform [L. stratum, cover, layer, + forma, shape.] Arranged in the form of a layer or in strata ; descriptive of the manner of liquefaction in a gelatin stab-culture ; set cut under culture, C, 5 . ra'tum, gen. stra'ti, pi. stra'ta [L. a layer.] One of the layers of differentiated tissue, the aggregate of which forms any given structure, such as the retina or the skin. s. arbum profun'dum [BNA], a mass of white matter separating the corpora quadrigemina from the central gray stratum of the cerebral aqueduct. s. bacilla're ret'inee, the layer of rods and cones of the retina. s. cine'reum, s. griseum centrale. s. cine'reum coUic'uli superio'ris, ashen (gray) layer of the superior colliculus, s. griseum coUiculi superioris. G. compac'tmn, the superficial layer of decidual tis- sue in the pregnant uterus, in which the interglan- dular tissue preponderates. s. cor'neum [BNAl, horny layer, the outer layer of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat kera- tinized non-nucleated cells. s. cylin'dricum, s. germinativum, the deepest layer of the epidermis. s. denta'tum, dentate layer, so called because of the fibrils or intercellular bridges of the cells of this layer; s. mucosum, s. germinativum [BNA], s. disjunc'tum, the layer of partly detached cells on the free surface of the s. comeum. s. fibro'sum [BNA], the outer, fibrous, layer of the capsular ligament of a joint. s. filamento'sum, filamentous layer, so called be- cause of the presence of fibrils or filaments connecting the polygonal cells; s. mucosum, the polygonal cell, or prickle-cell, layer of the s. germinativum [BNA], s. gangliona're, ganglionic layer, nerve-cell layer, the second layer, from within, of the retina, consist- ing of nerve-cells with large nuclei. s. germinati'vum [BNA], germinative or Malpighian layer, s. mucosum, rete mucosum, the inner layer of the epidermis resting on the cerium; it consists of sev- eral layers of polygonal cells and one, lowest, iayer of columnar cells; some regard this latter as a separate layer to which they apply the name s. germinativum or basilar layer, calling the other layers of this stratiun s. m,ucosum. s. germinati'vum un'guis [BNA], the layer on the concave surface of the nail which passes impercep- tibly into the germinal layer of the epidermis, s. granulo'sum [BNA], (i) granular layer, a layer of flattened cells containing granules of keratohyalin and eleidin, lying just above the s. mucosum of the epider- mis; (2) the outer layer of cells surrounding the ovum in the Graafian follicle; (3) stratum nucleare retinas. s. gris'eum centra'le [B N A], central gray layer, Sylvian gray matter, a layer of gray substance sur- rounding the aquseductus cerebri and continuous with the gray matter of the third and fourth ventricles. s. gris'eum coUic'uli superio'ris [BNA], a layer of gray matter beneath the stratum zonale and capping the stratum opticum of the colliculus superior (netes). s. interme'dium, intermediate layer, the layer formed by the deeper cells of s. lucidum of the epider- mis, considered by Ranvier to constitute a distinct layer. s. interoliva're lemnis'ci [BNA], the decussating fibers of the fillet (lemniscus) longitudinally disposed between the olivary nuclei. s. lacuno'sum, a cortical-cell layer in the hippocam- pus. s. lemnis'ci, fillet layer, a layer of gray matter in the lower part of the colliculus superior (nates) , transversed by fibers of the lemniscus. s. lu'cidum^ clear layer, the layer of the epidermis just beneath the s. comeum; it consists of two or three layers of flat clear cells with atrophied nuclei. s. molecula're, molecular layer, (i) plexiform layer, one of two layers, inner and outer, of the retina, com- posed chiefly of interlacing dendrites from the cells of the adjoining nuclear layers; (2) the brain cortex. s. muco'sum, mucous layer, rete mucosum, rete Malpighii, stratum germinativum [BNA]; by some this term applies to the layers of polygonal cells only, the lower layer of columnar cells being called the basilar layer or s. germinativum; it is this layer which contains the pigment of the skin. 8. nuclea're, nuclear layer, granular layer, one of two layers, inner and outer, of the retina, composed of nerve-cells of various kinds. s. op'ticum, optic layer, (i) a layer of gray matter below the s. cinereum of the colliculus superior, tra- versed by numerous fibers from the cortex of the occip- ital lobe of the cerebrum; (2) the inner layer of the retina, consisting of (mostly centripetal) nerve-fibers. STRATUM 9S8 STREPTOMYCOSIS 8. papilla're, papillary or superficial layer of the oorium, corpus* papillate [BNA). s. pigmen'ti refinas, the outer layer of the retina, consisting of pigmented epithelium. s. plezifor'me, s. moleculare. s. reticula're, reticular or deeper layer of the corium, tunica propria [BNA]. s. spino'sum, prickle-cell layer, spinous layer, so called because of the cellular fibrils or intercellular bridges of the cells of this layer; s. mucosum, s. ger- minativum [BNA]. s. spongio'sum, the middle layer of the decidua formed chiefly of dilated glandular stuctures. 8. subcuta'neum, the subcutaneous connective tissue. s. synovia'le [BNA], theinner, lining, membrane of the capsular ligament of a joint. s. zona'le [BNA], (i) a mass of white substance cov- ering the upper surface of the thalamus and forming part of the floor of the central portion of the lateral ventricle; (2) a layer of white substance seen on the surface of a section of the lamina quadrigemina. Straus's sign [Isidore Straus, Parisian physician 1845-1896.] In case of facial paralysis, if an injection of pilocarpine is followed by sweating on the affected side later than on the other, the prognosis is grave. Strauss' test (strows). A test for lactic acid in the contents of the stomach, by means of a solution of ferric chloride and ether. straw'berry-cream blood. The appearance of the blood in marked lipemia. straw'beny-tongue. The white-coated tongue with large projecting red papillas, seen in scarlatina. straw-itch. An urticarioid dermatitis caused by a mite Pediculoides veniricosus occasionally infest- ing the straw of which mattresses are made. streak (strek) [A.S. strica.} A line, stria, or stripe, especially one which is more or less indistinct or evanescent, germ'inal s., the first trace of the blastoderm in the impregnated ovum, consisting of a longitudinal grouping of cells at one end of the germinal area, meningit'ic s., tacke c6r6brale, a line of redness following the drawing of the nail or a pencil-point across the skin, marked espe- cially in cases of meningitis and other acute affections of the nerve-centers, piim'itive s., germinal s. strength'ening-plaster. Emplastrum ferri. streph'otome [G. strepho, I turn, -t- tome, incision.] A corkscrew-shaped instru- ment, with flat ribbon-like spirals, formerly used in the radical cure of inguinal her- nia; the instrument was in- troduced, encircling the canal, the walls of which were thus brought together, and was left in situ until obliterating adhesions had formed. streptoangina (strep-to-an'ji- nah). Membranous sore- throat due to the presence of a streptococcus. »trep"tobacil'lu8 [G. sireptos, twisted.] A rod bacterium occurring in chains, the individual bacilli being joined end to end. S. leb'inis, a species of lactic- acid forming bacillus. streptobacte'ria. Any bacterial forms arranged in chains or wreaths, including Strepiobacillus, Streptococcus, and Streptothrix. streptococc'al. Streptococcic, relating to a strepto- coccus. streptococcemla, streptococcsemla (strep'to-kok- Strbphotomb. se'ml-ah). Streptococcus infection or sepsis, streptomycosis, the presence of streptococci in the blood. streptococ'cic. Streptococcal. streptococcicosis (strep-to-k k-sK-ko'sis). Any streptococcal infection. streptococcolysin (strep"to-kok-ol'i-sin). An hemo- lysin excreted by a streptococcus. Streptococ'cus [G. streptos, curved, 4- kokkos, berry.] A genus of CoccacetB in which the indi- viduals are arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads, division of the cells occurring in one plane only. S. ac'idl lac'tici, S. lebinis. S. anglno'sus, 5. pyogenes. S. aphthic'ola, a species thought to be causative of foot-and- mouth disease; cf. S. involutus. S. conglomera'- tus, a variety which forms flocculent colonies in bouillon; it has been found in the throat secre- tions in scarlatina. S. cunic'uli, Bacillus necro- phorus. S. endocardit'icus, a species, believed to be pathogenic, found in the lesions of ulcerative endocarditis. S. diffu'suB, a variety which, when cultivated in bouillon, produces a general cloud- ing of the fluid. S. erysipel'atis, S. erysipel'atos, Fehleisen's s., the cause of erysipelas, generally regarded as identical with 5. pyogenes. S. faeca'lis, a short-chained s. occurring in great numbers in the intestine; it is found in chronic forms of malignant endocarditis, in chronic cystitis, and in certain terminal infections. S. farcin'ica, Actinomyces farcinica. S. htemo- lyticus, a species causing destruction of red blood cells. S. involu'tus, a form said to be regularly present in the vesicles of foot- and-mouth disease; cf. 5. aphikicola. S. lac'ticus, 5. lebinis. S. lanceola'tus, Diplococ- cus pneumonia. S. leb'inis, S. acidi laclici. Bad. guniherii, a species producing lactic acid and causing the coagulation of milk, said to be the bacterium of Bulgarian sour milk. S. longus, 5. pyogenes. S. lues, a. form occur- ring in the pus of chancroid. S. morbillo'sus, a species which has been found in the nasal dis- charge in measles. S. mu'ris ratt'i, an organism found in certain cases of rat-bite fever. S. pyog'enes [G. pyon, pus, -I- gennao. I produce.] a pus-forming organism pathogenic for man and the lower animals. S. saliva'rius, a short- chained streptococcus occurring in the saliva and also throughout the alimentary canal; it is found in chronic forms of malignant endocarditis and not infrequently in terminal infections. S. varicell'se, a species which has been found in the vesicles in chickenpox; probably not pathogenic. S. vari'olse, a species found in the vesicles of smallpox and cowpox; probably not pathogenic, but possibly symbiotic with the causative organ- ism of the disease. S. vir'idans, a form which grows in green colonies, is not hemolytic, and produces neither gas nor pus; it is a frequent cause of neuritis and non-suppurative arthritis, the focus of infection often being in the teeth or tonsils. S. wies'neri, an organism having a special attraction toward gray nervous sub- stance, suggested as the cause of encephalitis lethargica. streptocorysin. Streptococcolysin. streptocyte (strep'to-sit) [G. streptos, curved, + kytos, cell.] Streptococcus. Btreptodermatitis (strep-to-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis) . Inflammation of the skin caused by the presence of streptococci. streptomyco'sis. Streptococcus infection or sepsis, streptococcemla. STREPTOSEPTICEMIA 9S9 STROGANOFF'S METHOD streptoseptice'mia, streptosepticse'mia. Streptomy- cosis, streptococcemia. streptothiicial (strep- to- thrish'al). Streptotrichal. streptothrico'sis. ± . An infectious disease caused by one or more species of Streptoihrix; it is marked by a chronic suppurative inflammation, the piis containing granules composed chieifly of colonies of the causal microorganism, a. Actinomycosis . Strep'tothrix [G. streptos, bent, -1- thrix, hair.] A genus of Chlamydobacteriaceas, which includes the forms of unbranched threads in which division occurs in only one plane. S. actinomy'- ces, Actinomyces bovis. S. farcin'ica, a species found in farcy, believed to be pathogenic. S. leproid'es, a microorganism obtained in cultures made from leprous nodules ; the source of nastin.* S. madu'rae, a species found in the lesions of fungous foot of India, probably not pathogenic. S. mu'ris ratt'i, an organism believed by Schlott- mueller to be pathogenic of rat-bite fever. streptotrichal (strep-tot'rik-al). Relating to, or caused by the presence of, some species of Strep- toihrix. streptotrichiasis (strep- to-trik-i'a-sis). Strepto- thricosis. stress [L. stringers, to draw together.] In dentistry the pressure of the upper teeth against the lower as the jaws are closed in mastication. stretch'er [A.S sireccan, to stretch.] A sheet of canvas stretched to a frame with four handles,, used for transporting the sick or wounded; a litter. Btri'a, gen. and pi. siri'ce [L. channel, furrow.] A stripe, band, or line, distinguished by color, texture, depression, or elevation from the tissue in which it is found, acous'tic s., au'ditory s., o. medullaris (2). brown s., s. of Retzius.* s. • acus'tica, s. medullaris [BNA]. s. atroph'ica, an atrophic, glistening, white band or streak in the skin, occiirring as the result of overstretching s. for'nicis, s. of the fornix, s. medullaris [BNA]. s. longitudina'Us latera'lis [BNA], s. tecta, a longitudinal band of gray matter near each outer edge of the upper surface of the corpus callosum imder cover of the gyrus cinguli. s. longitudina'Us media'lis, [BNA], a longitudinal band of gray matter running along the surface of the corpus callosum on either side of the median line. s. malleola'ris, [BNA], malleolar stripe, a bright line seen through the membrana tympani, produced by the attachment of the manubrium of the malleus, s. medulla'ris [BNA], medullary s., (i) s. fomicis, s. pinealis, a longitudinal strand of fibers along the wall of the third ventricle just below the taenia thalami; many of the fibers end in the nucleus, or ganglion, habenulae, others cross to the opposite »ide on the dorsum of the habenula forming there the commissura habenularum ; (2) acoustic s., auditory s., one of the horizontal white stripes on the floor of the fourth ventricle passing from the mesial groove outward over the upper part of' the restiform body; they divide the rhomboidal fossa into the fovea inferior and fovea superior on either side. s. olfacto'ria [BNA], oiJEactory stria, one of three white bands (js. media'lis, s. interme'dia, s. latera'lis) passing backward from the olfactory trigone; the medial stria curves upward behind the area of Broca and terminates in the callosal gyrus; the intermediate, imperfectly developed, passes into the anterior perforated substance; the lateral runs along the border of the anterior perforated substance and joins the limen insulas. s. pinea'- lis, pineal s., s. medullaris [BNA]. s. paraUe'la, brown s., s. of Retzius.* s. tec'ta, s. longi- tudinalis lateralis, s. termina'Us [BNA], termi- nal stria, tasnia semicircularis, a band of fibers running first in the roof of the inferior horn and then in the floor of the body of the lateral ven- tricle, passing from the amygdaloid nucleus to the anterior perforated substance, s. vascu- la'ris [BNA], vascular stripe, a, portion of the upper part of the ligamentum spirale cochleae containing numerous small blood-vessels, s. ventric'uli ter'tii, s. medullaris (i). striatal (stri'a-tal). Relating to the corpus stri- atum. stri'ate, stri'ated [L. striatus, furrowed.] Striped, marked by striae, s. body, corpus striatum. stria'tion. i. Stria, striae. 2. A striate appearance. 3. The act of streaking or making striae, stria'tum [L neut. of striatus, furrowed.] Corpus striatiun. stric'ture [L. strictura; striatus, bound.] A circum- scribed narrowing or stenosis of a tubular struc- ture, ann'ular s., a, ring-like constriction encir- cling the wall of a canal, bridle s., narrowing of a canal by a band of tissue stretching across part of its lumen, contrac'tile s., recurrent s. func'- tional s., spasmodic s. organ'ic s., one due to the presence of cicatricial or other new tissue, not spasmodic, per'manent s., organic s. recurr'ent s., a s. due to the presence of contractile tissue which may be dilated but soon returns, spas- mod'ic s., a s. due to localized spasm of muscular fibers in the wall of the canal, tem'porary s., spasmodic s. stricturotome (strik'tu-ro-tom) [L. strictura, stric- ttu-e, -f- G. tomos, a, cutting.] A stricture-knife, an instrument for use in dividing a stricture. stricturot'omy [L. strictura, stricture, + tome, incision.] Surgical division of a stricture. stri'dor [L.] A high-pitched noisy respiration, like the blowing of the wind, congen'ital s., crowing inspiration occurring at birth or within the first two or three weeks of life; infantile respiratory spasm, laiyn'geal s., habitual noisy respiration sometimes occurring without apparent cause in infants ; congenital s. s. den'tium, grinding of the teeth, s. serrat'icus, a. rough grating, like the sound of a saw. strid'ulous [L. stridulus; stridere, to creak, to hiss.] Having a shrill or creaking sound. stiing-galvanom'eter. Electrocardiograph, string-halt. Spring-halt. striocellular (stri"o-sel'u-lar). Striocellularis, re- lating to or composed of striated muscular tissue. striocellula'ris, neutr. striocellula're [L. stria, a. furrow, + cellula, cell.] Noting striated muscu- lar tissue. striospinoneural (stri"o-spi"no-nu'ral) , Relating to the corpus striatum, the spinal cord, and the nerves, noting a system of nerve fibers passing through the first two structures mentioned, strip [A. S. strypan, to rob,] To express the con- tents from a flexible tube or canal, such as the urethra, by running the finger along it. stripe. Stria, streak, strobi'la [G. strobile, a twist of lint,] A number of consecutive tapeworm segments, strobile (strob'il). Strobila. strob'iloid [G, strobile, strobile, -1- eidos, resemblance,] Resembling a chain of segments of a tapeworm, Strogan'off's meth'od [Vasilii Vasilovich Stroganoff, Russian obstetrician, contemporary.] Treatment of puerperal eclampsia by narcotics, shielding STROGANOFF'S METHOD 960 STRUMA the patient from all external sources of irritation, and rapid delivery. stroke [A.S. strdc] i. A blow; hence a sudden at- tack, as a sunstroke, a paralytic or apoplectic stroke. 3. A pulsation. 3. [A.S. strdcian.] To pass the hand or any instrument gently over a sxirface. 4. A gliding movement over a surface, a stroking, back s., the recoil of the ventricle of the heart during systole, basculation. stroke' -culture. Smear-culture.* stro'ma, pi. siro'mata [G. stroma, a mattress.] The framework, usually of connective tissue, of an organ, gland, or other structure; distinguished from the parenchyma, or specific substance, of the part. s. plexus, see plexus, s. vit'reum [BNA], the delicate framework of the vitreous body. stro'mal. Relating to the stroma of an organ or other structure. stromat'ic. Stromal. stromatolysis (stro-mS-tol'l-sis) [stroma + G. lysis, solution.] Solution of the enveloping membrane of a bacterial or other cell, the cell body not being affected. Stro'meyer-Little opera'tion [G. F. L. Stromeyer; "W. J. Little.] An operation for abscess of the liver, the pus being found by a cannula and the abscess being then opened by the knife running along the cannula as a guide. Stro'meyer's spUnt [Georg Friedrich Louis Stro- meyer, German surgeon, 1804-1876.] A hinged splint for the knee, admitting of being set at any angle. Strongyloides intestina'lis (stron-jl-loy'dez) [Strongy- lus + G. eidos, resemblance.] Anguillula intes- iinalis et stercoralis, Rhabdonenia intestinale, R. strongyloides; an intestinal parasitic worm having a parasitic and a free-living generation; it has been found in sufferers from diarrhea acquired in Cochin China, but its pathogenic relation to the disease is doubtful; called also S. stercora'lis. strongylosis (stron-jl-lo'sis). Infestation with a species of Strongylus. Strongylus (stron'ji-lus) [G. strongylos, round.] A genus of Nematode. S. a'pri [L. aper, wUd boar], a round worm parasitic in the bronchial tubes of the pig and wild boar, and occasionally found in man. S. duodena'lis, Uncinaria duodenalis. S. elonga'tus, 5. apri. S. equi'nus, a nematode worm, parasitic in the intestine of the horse. S. gi'gas, Bustrongylus gigas. S. longevagina'tus, 5. apri. S. paradox'us, 5. apri. S. quadridenta'- tus, Uncinaria duodenalis. S. rena'lis, Bustrongy- lus gigas. S. sub'tilis, a species found in the small intestine in native Egyptians, and also in the intestine of the camel. S. su'is, 5. apri. strontia (stron'sh!-ah). Strontium oxide, SrO. Stron'tia Min'eral Spring, Maryland. Saline-calcic- strontiated waters containing carbonic acid gas. Used by drinking in rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia, diabetes, and sea-sickness. strontium (stron'shyum) [Strontian, a town in Scotland.] A metallic element, symbol Sr, atomic weight 86.62, of dark yellow color; some of its salts are used in medicine, stron'tii bro'- midum (U.S.), strontium bromide, SrBrj-feHjO; colorless translucent crystals, of saline bitterish taste, soluble in water; employed to meet the same indications as the other bromides in doses of 51-3 (4.0-12.0). s. caf'feine-sul'phonate, sym- phoral Sr. stron'tii carbo'nas (N.F.), strontium carbonate, a white tasteless powder, insoluble in water, stron'tii io'didum (U.S.), strontium iodide, Srl24-6H20, occurs in colorless plates or a white granular powder, of saline bitter taste. soluble in water; used for the same purposes as the other iodides in doses of gr. 5-60 (0.3-4.0). stron'tii lac'tas, strontium lactate, a white granu- lar or crystalline powder, of saline bitterish taste, soluble in 4 parts of water; has been employed in albuminuria in doses of gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0). stron'tii salicy'las (U.S.), strontium salicylate, a white crystalline powder of saline, sweetish taste, soluble in 18 parts of water; employed for the same purposes as sodium salicylate in doses of gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.0). strophan'thin, strophanthl'num (U.S.). A gluco- side or mixture of glucosides from strophanthus ; a whitish crystalline powder, soluble in water, extremely poisonous; cardiac tonic, like strophan- thus, in doses of gr. jlo- il n (0.0002—0.0003). strophanthone (stro-fan'thon). Trade name of a liquid preparation of the active principles of strophanthus, employed in doses of 15^15 (i-o). strophanthus (stro-fan'thus) [G. strophos, a cord, -H anthos, flower.] (U.S.) Strophanthi semina (Br.), the dried ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombe, a vine of East Africa, used by the natives as an arrow poison; a cardiac tonic and vaso- constrictor resembling digitalis; dose gr. J— i (0.03-0.06). strophoceph'alus [G. strophe, a spiral, + kephale, head.] A monster with a distorted head and face. strophulus (strof'u-lus) [L. dim. of strophus, colic] Red gum, gum rash, lichen infantum; miliaria* rubra, sometimes associated with intestinal disturbances, occurring in infants, s. al'bidus [L. whitish], milium, s. can'didus [L. dazzling white], a form in which the papules are color- less and shining, s. intertinc'tus, s. pru- rigino'sus, a form marked by much itching. e>. volat'icus, wildiire rash,* <± fugitive miliary eruption, coming and going without apparent cause and without marked general symptoms. struc'tural. Relating to the structure of a part; having a structure. struc'ture [L. structura; struere, to build.] ±. The arrangement of the details of a part; the manner of formation of a part. 2. A tissue or formation made up of different but related parts. StruempeU's disease' (strum'pel) [Adolf von Struem- ^eH, German physician, *i853.] i. Spondy- litis deformans. •^. Acute poliencephalitis in children. S.'s phenom'enon, dorsal flexion of the great toe, sometimes of the entire foot, in a paralyzed limb when the extremity is drawn up against the body, flexing both knee and hip. S.'s reflex, stroking the abdomen or thigh causes flexion of the leg and adduction of the foot. S.'s type, (i) familial type of lateral spinal sclerosis. (2) acute hemorrhagic encephalitis. Struempell-Marie disease' (strum'pel-m5-re') [Adolf V. Struempell; Pierre Marie.] Rhizomelic spondy- losis.* stru'ma [L. struere, to build.] ±. Scrofula, a. Goiter, bronchocele. adre'nal s., hyperplasia of the suprarenal bodies, s. aberra'ta, a goitrous tu- mor of an accessory thyroid gland, s. aneurys- mat'ica, vascular goiter with dilated vessels, h. coUoid'es, colloid goiter, enlargement of the thy- roid gland with an increase in colloid due to degeneration of the glandular epithelium, s. colloid'es cys'tica, colloid goiter in which the increased colloid occurs in the form of cystic collections, s. cys'tica oss'ea, cystic goiter with calcification in the hyaline connective tissue, s. endothorac'ica, enlargement of a deeply lying thyroid or of an accessory thyroid STRUMA 961 STYLE, STYLET, STYLETTE in the anterior mediastinum, s. fibro'sa, en- largement of the thyroid due to hyperplasia of the interstitial connective tissue, s. follicula'- ris, colloid parenchymatous goiter. s. gela- tino'sa, s. coUoides. s. lipomato'des aberra'ta re'nis, hypernephroma, s. lymphat'ica, status lymphaticus. s. malig'na, cancer of the thyroid gland, s. moU'is, soft or colloid goiter, s. parenchymato'sa, enlargement of the thyroid due to hyperplasia of the parenchyma, s. petro'sa, hard or fibrous goiter, s. pul'sans, s. aneurysmatica. s. suprarena'lis, fatty tumor of the suprarenal body. s. thy'mica, enlarge- ment of the thymus, or persistence of this gland after the period at which it usually undergoes atrophy, s. thymicolymphat'ica, thymic struma associated with status lymphaticus. s. vas- culo'sa, vascular goiter. strumectomy (stru-mek'to-rcJ) [L. struma + G. ektome, excision.] i. Excision of a. scrofulous gland. 2. Surgical removal of all or a portion of a goitrous tumor. strumiform (stru'mi-form) [L. struma + forma, form.] I. Resembling scrofula. 2. Resem- bling a goiter. strumipriTic (stru-ml-priv'ik). Strumiprivus. strumipTiTOUS (stru-mip'ri-vus) . Strumiprivus. strumiprivus, fern, sirumipriva (stru-ml-pre'vus) [L. struma + privus; privare, to deprive of.] Strumi- privic, strumiprivous, relating to the removal of a goiter; noting a constitutional state, cachexia* strumipriva. strumitis ('stru-mi'(me')tus) [L. struma, goiter, -(- G. -itis.'] Inflammation of a goitrous tumor; inflammation, with swelling, of the thyroid gland stTumoderma (stru-mo-dur'mah). Scrofiiloderma. stru'mous. i. Scrofulous. 2. Goitrous. Stru've's test [Heinrich Struve, German physician in St. Petersburg, 19th century.] The suspected fluid is treated with ammonia or caustic potassa and then with tannin, and finally with acetic acid until the reaction is distinctly acid; if blood is present a dark precipitate of tannate of hematin is formed; this precipitate treated with glacial acetic acid and ammonium chloride gives the characteristic hemin crystals. strychnina (strik-ne'nah). (U.S., Br.) An alkaloid from nux vomica, CziHjjNjOj; occurs as colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder, odorless, but of intensely bitter taste, nearly insoluble in water; cardiac and general tonic, stomachic, and nervine in doses of gr. ^j-jV (0.001-0.003). strychni'nse glycerophos'phas (N.P.), strychnine glycerophosphate or glycerinophosphate, a white fine or crystalline powder; dose, gr. :^ (0.0015). strychni'nse hydrochlo'ridum (Br.), strychnine hydrochloride, occurs in colorless prismatic crystals, soluble in 35 parts of water; dose gr. ■^g-^ (0.001-0.003). strychni'nae ni'tras (U.S.), strychnine nitrate, colorless shining crystals, solu- ble in 42 parts of water; dose, gr. jVtV (o-°°i- 0.003). strychni'nae sul'phas (U.S.), strychnine sulphate, a white crystalline powder, of intensely bitter taste, soluble in 31 parts of water; dose, gi._ ^ijpljij (0.001-0.003). strychni'nte val'eras (N.F.), strychnine valerate, a white crystalline powder; dose, gr. ^ (0.0015). strychnine (strik'nen). Strychnina. saccharin- ated s. (sak'ar-in-a-ted), a mixture of strychnine and saccharin, the saccharin disguising somewhat the bitterness of the strychnine ; dose slightly larger than that of pure strychnine, b. ar'senite, a white crystalline powder, used in malaria and skin diseases in doses of gr. ^\-^ (0.001-0.003). 61 s. cit'rate, a, constituent of the official ferri* et strychninae citras strychninism (strik'nen-izm). Chronic strychnine poisoning. Btiychninize (strik'nen-iz). To bring under the influence of strychnine. stiychninomania (strik"ne-no-ma'n![-ah). Addic- tion to the use of strychnine. stiychni'num. Strychnina. strychnism (strik'nizm). Strychninism. stiychnize (strik'niz). Strychninize. Strychnos (strik'nos) [G. nightshade.] A genus of tropical shrubs or trees of the order LoganiacecB. S. igna'tia, the source of ignatia.* S. nux-yom'- ica, the source of nux* vomica. Stryker Mineral Springs, Ohio. Sulphated and muriated, and calcic-chalybeate waters. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, torpor of the liver, constipation, and debility. stuck-flnger. Trigger-finger. Stuetz's test (stiits). Fuerbringer's test. stump-foot. Club-foot. stump. The extremity of a limb left after amputa- tion; the pedicle remaining ^fter removal of the tumor which was attached to it. s. hallucina'- tion, the sensation as of the continual presence of a limb or a portion of a limb after its amputation. stun [A S. stunian, to make a loud noise.] To stupefy; to render unconscious by cerebral con- cussion. stupe [L. stupa, oakum, tow.] A compress or cloth wrung out of hot water, usually impregnated with turpentine or other irritant, applied to the surface to produce counterirritation. stupefa'cient, stupefac'tive [L. stupor + jacere, to make.] Causing stupor, narcotic. stupema'nia [L. stupor + G. mama, frenzy.] In- sanity with stuporous symptoms. stu'por [L.] Lethargy, torpor, unconsciousness. stu'porous. Relating to or marked by stupor. stur'dy. Staggers in sheep, gid. stu'rin [L. sturio, sturgeon.] A protamine in the sperm of the sturgeon. Sturm's in'terval (stoorm) Qohann Christoph Sturm, 1635— 1703.] The distance between the anterior and posterior foci or focal points in the eye. stutter (stut'ur) [frequentative of stut, from Goth. stautan, to strike.] To enunciate certain words with difficulty and with frequent halting and repetition of the initial consonant of a word or syllable; the cause is a spasm of the lingual and palatal muscles. stuttering (stut'ur-ing). A spasmodic speecti disorder in which certain words are enunciated with difficulty through inability, as it were, to pass the initial consonant; distinguished from the hesitating form of stammering which is not due to spasm but to faulty innervation or to psychic causes, u'rinary s., stammering of the bladder, frequent involuntary interruptions occurring during the act of urination. sty, stye, pi. sties, styes (sti). Hordeolum, inflam- mation of one of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid. Meibo'mian s., inflammation of a Mei- bomian* gland. Zeiss'ian s., inflammation of one of Zeiss's* glands. style, stylet, stylette (stil, sti'let, sti-let') [It. stiletto, a dagger; dim. of L. stilus or stylus, a stake, a pen.] 1. A wire contained in the lumen of a flexible catheter used to stiffen it and give it form during its passage; mandril, mandrin. 2. A slender probe. 3. In botany, the prolongation of a pistil supporting the stigma, ba'sal or bas'ilar s., one STYLE, STYLET, STYLETTE 962 SUBCHRONIC which apparently arises from the base of a simple ovary. styliform (sti'U-form) [L. stilus {stylus), a stake, + forma, form.] Peg-shaped, styloid. stylo-. In composition, relating to a styloid proc- ess, specifically to the styloid process of the temporal bone. styloauricularis (sti"lo-aw-rik-u-la'ris). See tinder musculus. styloglos'sus [G. glossa, tongue.] Relating to the styloid process and the tongue ; see under musculus. stylohyal (sti-lo-hi'al). Relating to the styloid process of the temporal bone and to the hyoid bone. stylohyoid (sti-lo-hi'oyd) . Stylohi'al; relating to the musculus stylohyoideus. stylohyoideus (sti-lo-hi-o-id'e-us). See under »««j- culus. styloid (sti'loyd) [G. stylos, a peg, a post, 4- eidos, resemblance.] Peg-shaped, styliform; noting one of several slender bony processes, see under processus, s. cor'nua, the lesser comua of the hyoid bone. sty"lolarynge'us. See under musculus. stylomandib'ular. Relating to the styloid process of the temporal bone and the mandible, noting the ligamentum stylomandibulare, a flat liga- mentous band of the cervical fascia extending from the styloid process to the inner side of the angle of the jaw. stylomas'toid. Relating to the styloid and the mastoid processes of the temporal bone ; noting especially a small artery and a foramen. stylomaz'illary. Stylomandibular. stylomy'loid. Stylomandibular. stylopharynge'us. See under musculus. styloph'orum [G. stylos, a style, + phoros, a bearer.] Yellow poppy, the plant Stylophorum diphyllum, resembling chelidonium in its action. stylostaphyline (sti-lo-staf'l-lln). Relating to the styloid process of the temporal bone and the uvula or velum pendulum palati. stylosteophyte (sti-los'te-o-fit) [G. stylos, post, -1- osteon, bone, -I- phyton, growth.] A peg-shaped bony outgrowth. stylostix^is [G. stylos, pen, style, + siixis, a pricking.] Acupunctvtre. sty'lus [G. stylos; L. stilus (stylus).'] A style, a stilet; stilus.* stymato'sis [G. styma, priapism.] Painful priapism. stTpe [G. stype, tow.] A tampon. styp'sis [G.] I. Astringency. 2. The application of a styptic. styp'tic [G. styptikos.l i. Astringent, hemostatic, 2. An astringent hemostatic agent. Btyp'ticin. Cotamine hydrochloride. s^'tol. Cotamine phthalate. sty'racin. Cinnamyl cinnamate, C,Hg.C,H,Oj, a crystalline constituent of styrax. sty'racol. Guaiacol cinnamate. sty'rax [G.] (U.S.) Storax, styrax liquidus, liquid storax, a liquid balsam obtained from the wood and inper bark of Liquidamber orientalis, a tree of Asia Minor; has been employed in the treat- ment of chronic inflammation of the mucous mem- branes in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3), ^^^ externally for scabies. sty'rol. Styrene, cinnamene, phenylethylene, C,H„ a colorless liquid of pleasant odor, contained in styrax. sty'rone. Cinnamyl alcohol, C,Hi„0, obtained from styrax by distillation with caustic potassa; employed as a deodorant in 12 per cent, glycerin solution, and as a decolorizing agent in histology. ' sub- [L. sub, under.] A prefix to words formed frona Latin roots, noting beneath, less than the normal or typical, inferior; it corresponds to the Greek prefix hypo-. subabdom'inal. Below the abdomen. Eubabdpminoperitoneal (sub-ab-dom"l[-no-per-I-to- ne'al). Beneath the abdominal, as distinguished from the pelvic, peritoneum. subacetate (sub-as'e-tat). An acetate containing one or more atoms of the base still capable of combining with the acid to form higher salts, a. basic acetate. subacid (sub-as'id). Slightly acid, acidulous. subacid'ity. Slight acidity, the condition of being subacid. subacro'nual. Beneath the acromion process. subacute (sub-5-kut'). Not frankly acute, yet not chronic, noting the course of a disease. subalimentation (sub-al-i-men-ta'shun) [L. sub, under, -f alim.entation.'] A condition of insuffi- cient nourishment. Bubanal (sub-a'nal). Below the anus. subancone'us [L. sub, beneath, + G. ankon, elbow.] Below the elbow; see under musculus. subap'ical. Below the apex of any part. subaponeuTOt'ic. Beneath an aponeurosis. subarachnoid (sub-4-rak'noyd). Beneath the arachnoid membrane. subar'cuate. Slightly arcuate or bowed. subareolar (sub-a-re'o-lar). Beneath an areola, especially the areola of the mamma. subastrag'alar. Beneath the astragalus. subastrin'gent. Slightly astringent. subaural (sub-aw'ral) [L. auris, ear.] Below the ear ; subauricular. subauricular (sub-aw-rik'u-lar). Below an auricle, especially the concha or pinna of the ear. subax'ial. Below the axis of the body or any part. subax'illary. Beneath the axilla. subba'sal. Beneath any base or basal membrane. subbrachial (sub-bra'kl-al). Relating to the infe- rior quadrigeminal brachium or postbrachium. subbrachycephalic (sub-brak-I-sS-fal'ik). Slightly brachycephalic, having a cephalic index of 80.01 to 83.33. subcal'carine. Below the calcarine fissure, noting a cerebral convolution, or gyrus. subcallo'sal. Below the corpus callosum, noting a cerebral convolution, or gyrus. Eubcap'sular. Beneath any capsule, as the inter- nal or external capsule of the brain, or a capsular ligament. subcar'bonate. A carbonate having one or more unsatisfied bases, a basic carbonate. subcartilaginous (sub-kar-tl-laj'in-us). 1. Partly cartilaginous. 2. Beneath a cartilage. subce'cal. Below the cecum, noting a fossa. subchloride (sub-klo'tid). The chloride of a series which contains proportionally the greatest amount of the other element in the compound; subchloride of mercury is HgjClj; chloride or per- chloride of mercury is HgClj. subchondral (sub-kon'dral) [G. chondros, cartilage.] Subcartilaginous ; beneath or below the cartilages of the ribs. subchordal (sub-kor'dal). Below the notochord. subchorioidal (sub-ko-rl-oy'dal). Subchoroidal. subchorionic (sub-ko-rl-on'ik). Beneath the cho- rion. subchorold'al (sub-ko-roy'dal). Beneath the cho- roid (chorioid) coat of the eye. Bubchronic (sub-kron'ic) Almost, but not frankly chronic, rather slower than subacute; noting the course of a disease. SUBCLASS 963 SUBICULUM subclass' [L. sub, imder, + classis, a division.] In biological classification, an occasional division between the class and the order. subcla'vian. Beneath the clavicle. subclavic'ular. Subclavian. subcollat'eial. Below the collateral fissure, noting a cerebral convolution, or gyrus. subcla'vius. See under musculus. subconjunc'tival. Beneath the conjunctiva. subconscious (sub-kon'shus). i. Not wholly con- scious. 2. Noting an idea or impression which is present in the mind, but of which there is at the time no conscious knowledge or realization. subconsciousness (sub-kon'shus-nes). i. Partial unconsciousness. 2. The state in which mental processes take place without the conscious perception of the individual. subcontinuous (sub-kon-tin'u-us). Almost con- tinuous, having only slight breaks in continuity. subcor'acoid. Beneath the coracoid process. subcor'tex. The white matter of the brain im- mediately underlying the cortex. subcor'tical. i. Relating to the subcortex; beneath the cerebral cortex. 2. In botany, betieath the bark. subcos'tal [L. cosia, rib.] Beneath the ribs, noting a number of arteries and grooves. subcra'nial. Beneath or below the cranium. subcrep'itant. Nearly, but not frankly crepitant, noting a rSle.* subcrepita'tion. i. The presence of subcrepitant r41es.* 2. A sound approaching crepitation in character. subcruree'us, subcrure'us [L. sub, below, + crus (crur-), leg.] See under musculus. subcrura'lis. Subcruraeus. subcul'ture. i. A culture made by transferring to a fresh medium microorganisms from a previous culture; a method used to prolong the life of a particular strain where there is a tendency to degeneration ia older cidtures. 2. To make a fresh culture with material obtained from a previous one. subcu'neus. Below the cuneiis, noting a gyre on the mesial surface of the occipital lobe of the brain. Bubcuta'neous [L. sub, beneath, + cutis, skin.] Beneath the skin; hypodermic. subcuta'neus coll'i [L. beneath the skin of the neck.] See musculus plaiysma. Bubcutic'ular. Beneath the cuticle or epidermis, subepidermic. subcu'tin. Paraphenolsulphonic-acid ethyl ester of paraminobenzoic acid, a white crystalline powder soluble in 100 parts of water but more readily in physiological salt solution; local anesthetic in 12.5 per cent, solution in saline solution. subcu'tis. I. The corium or true skin. 2. The subcutaneous connective tissue. subcutoyd (sub-ku'toyd) [L. sub, beneath, + cutis, skin. ] Trade name of a preparation of an eclectic remedy suitable for hypodermic administration. subdelir'ium. Slight or not continuous delirixim. subdel'toid. Beneath the deltoid muscle, noting a bursa. subden'tal. Beneath the roots of the teeth. subder'mic [L. sub, under, + G. derma, skin.] Subcutaneous, hypodermic. subdiaphragmat'ic. Beneath the diaphragm. subdor'sal. Below the dorsal region. subduce', subduct' [L. sub, below, + ducere, to lead.] To pull or draw downward. subdu'ral. Beneath the dura mater. subenceph'alon [L. sub, under, + G. enkephalos, brain.] Hypencephalon. subendocar'dial. Beneath the endocardium. subendothe'lial. Beneath endotheliuni. subendothe'lium. Subepithelium (2). suben'dymal. Subependymal. subepider'mal, subepider'mic. Beneath the epi- dermis, subcuticular. subepithe'lial. Beneath the epithelium. subepithe'lium. 1. Any structure beneath the epithelium, 2. A fine layer between the epithe- lium and the basement membrane of the mucous membrane of the intestine and bronchi; Debove's membrane. su'berin [L. suber, cork.] The modified cellulose in cork. subes'ton. Aluminum subacetate, used as a dusting powder in hyperidrosis, decubitus, herpes, etc. subfam'ily. In biological classification, an' occa- sional division between the family and the genus, often the same as tribe. subfascial (sub-fash'al). Beneath a fascia. subfe'brile. Slightly feverish. subflssure (sub-fish'ur). A cerebral fissure beneath the surface, concealed by overlapping convolu- tions. Bubfla'yous [L. sub, under, 4- flavus, yellow.] Slightly yellow, yellowish; noting the ligamenta subflava, connecting the laminae of the vertebrae. subfo'lium. One of the secondary divisions of the foUum vermis. subf ron'tal, B elow or beneath a frontal convolution or lobe of the brain. subgall'ate. A salt of gallic acid having one or more atoms of the base unsatisfied, a basic gallate. subgemm'al. Below a gemma or bud. subge'nus. A subdivision of a genus, not recognized as a distinct genus, yet regarded as higher than a species. Eubgerminal (sub-jur'ml-nal). Beneath the germi- nal streak of an impregnated ovum, noting the yolk cavity. Bubgle'noid. Below the glenoid fossa or glenoid cavity, infraglenoid. subgloss'al [L. sub, beneath, + G. glossa, tongue.] Sublingual, hypoglossal. subglossitis (sub-glos-si'(se')tis) [L. sub, under, + G. glossa, tongue, -I- -iiis.] Inflammation of the tissues beneath the tongue, or of the under surface of the tongue. subglott'ic. Below the glottis, an opening between the vocal cords. subgran'ular. Slightly granular. subgrunda'tion [L. sub, under, + A.S. grund, bot- tom, foundation.] The depression of one frag- ment of a broken cranial bone below the other. subgyre, subgyrus (sub-jir', sub-ji'rus) [L. sub, under, -t- gyrus, a circle.] A cerebral convolution which lies beneath the surface concealed by other superficial convolutions. subhepat'ic [L. sub, imder, + G. heparQiepat-), liver.] Beneath the liver. subhu'meral. Below the humerus. subhyaloid (sub-hi'al-oyd). Beneath, on the vitre- ous side of, the hyaloid membrane. subhy'oid, subhyoid'ean. i . Below the hyoid bone. 2. After the hyoid arch in the embryo. subicteric (sub-ik'ter-ik). Slightly jaundiced. subicular (su-bik'u-lar). Relating to the subicu- lum, noting the cortical area in the neighborhood of the uncinate gyre. subiculum (su-bik'u-lum) [L. subex{subic-) , a layer.] The uncinate gyre, uncus gyri hip- pocampi [BNA]. s. promonto'rii, support of the promontory; a bony ridge bounding the fenestra vestibuli posteriorly. SUBILIAC 964 SUBNUTRITION subiliac (sub-il'i-ak) . x. Below the ilium, z. Relating to the subilium. subilium (sub-il'if-um) . The lower portion of the ilium. subinfec'tion. i. A secondary infection occurring in one exposed to and successfully resisting an epi- demic of another infectious disease. 2. Poisoning of the organism by toxins liberated from collec- tions of bacteria undergoing lysis. subinflamma'tion. A very mild degree of inflam- mation, irritation. subinflam'matory. Very slightly inflammatory, showing irritation of the tissues. subin'tlmal. Beneath the intima. subintrance (sub-in'trans). Anticipation of the malarial paroxysm. subin'trant [L. subinirare, to steal into.] Noting a malarial paroxysm which anticipates, or returns before its proper time, to such an extent that its first symptoms are manifested before the previous paroxysm has entirely disappeared. subinvolu'tion. An arrest in the normal involution of the uterus following childbirth, the organ remaining abnormally large. subiodide (sub-i'o-did). That one of a series of iodine compounds containing the least iodine. subja'cent [L. subjacere, to lie under.] Below or beneath another part. sub'ject [L. subjectus, lying beneath.] j.. A person imder medical or surgical treatment. 2. An animal upon which an experiment is being made. 3. A body for dissection. subjec'tive. Perceived by the individual only and not evident to the examiner, noting certain symptoms, such as pain. subjec'toscope [L. subjectus, subject, + skopeo, I examine.] An instrument for examination of subjective vision. subju'gal. Below the jugal bone, or os zygomati- cum. Bubking'dom. A large or primary division of a kingdom, either animal or vegetable; it is not a definite division, some naturalists recognizing more, some fewer, subkingdoms. sub'Iamine. Ethylenediamine mercuric sulphate, a white crystalline powder containing about 40 per cent, of mercury; employed instead of corro- sive sublimate in 1-500 or i-iooo solution. Bublatio (sub-la'shl-o) [L. sublatus, raised up, taken away.] Sublation. s. refinse, detachment of the retina. Sublation (sub-la'shun) [L. sublatio.] Detachment, elevation, or removal of a part. Bubleucemia (sub-lu-se'mi-ah) [L. sub, under.] Hypoleucemia (2). sublimate (sub-li-mat) [L, sublimare, to raise on high.] I. To bring a solid substance into a state of vapor and then to cause its condensa- tion, in order to free it from non-vaporizable impurities, z. Any substance which has been submitted to sublimation. 3. Corrosive sub- limate, hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum. sublima'tion. 1. The process of vaporizing a solid substance by heat and then condensing it, a process of purification by separating the non- vaporizable impurities; a process analogous to the distillation of liquids. 2. Freud's term for the diversion of certain components of the sexual instinct to a higher and non-sexual aim. sublime (sub-lim')- I. To sublimate, z. To undergo a process of sublimation. sublim'inal [L. sub, under, -I- limenQimin-), thresh- old.] Below the limit of sensory perception; below the limit or threshold of consciousness, subconscious, s. seli, subconscious mind, the sum of the mental processes which take place without the conscious knowledge of the individual. subll'mis [L.] At the top; on the surface; super- ficial. sub"limophe'nol. Said to be phenolated mercuric chloride or a mixture of mercury phenolate and calomel, employed as an antiseptic in surgery. sublingual (sub-ling'gwal) [L. sub, tmder, -]- lingua, tongue.] Beneath the tongue. sublingua'Us. See under arteria, fovea, and glandula. sublinguitis (sub-ling-gwi'(gwe')tis). Inflammation of the sublingual salivary gland. sublob'ular. Beneath a lobtde, as of the liver. sublum'bar. Below the lumbar region. subluxa'tion. An incomplete luxation or dislocation. sublymphemia (sub-lim-fe'mi-ah) [L. sub, under, -I- lymph {cells) + G. haima, blood.] A blood state in which there is a great increase in the proportion of lymphocytes although the total number of white cells is normal. submamin'ary. Below or beneath the mammary gland. submar'ginal. Near the margin of any part. submarine (sub-ma-ren'). In dentistry noting a field of operation or other part beneath a lake of saliva. submazill'a. The mandible, or lower jaw. submaxillaritis (sub-maks"il-ar-i'(e')tis). Mumps affecting the submaxillary salivary gland. submax'illary. i. Mandibular, a. Beneath the lower jaw, noting a salivary gland and its duct, lymph glands, an artery and vein, a nerve,/ a fossa (fovea*), and a triangle of the neck. submaxillitis (sub-maks-il-i'(e')tis). Submaxillar- itis. subme'dial, subme'dian. Almost, but not exactly in the middle. submem'branous. Partly or nearly membranous. submen'tal [L. sub, under, -|- mentum, chin.] Be- neath the chin. submicTon, submicrone (sub-mi'kron, sub-mi'- kron) [L. sub, under, + microne.] Hypo- microne, ultramicrone, a colloid particle, smaller than o.i /i and larger than i iijj., recog- nizable in the ultramicroscope; distinguished from microne and amicrone. submicroscopic (sub-mi-kro-skop'ik) . Too min- ute to be visible under the most powerful microscope. submorphous (sub-mor'phus) . Neither frankly amorphous nor franldy crystalline, noting the structure of certain calculi. submuco'sa. A layer of tissue beneath a mucous membrane. submu'cous. Beneath a mucous membrane. subnarcof ic. Slightly narcotic. Eubna'sal [L. sub, under, + nasus, nose.] Under the nose. s. point, a craniometric point at the root of the nasal spine. subneu'ral [L. sub, under, -t- neuron, nerve.] Be- low the neural axis. subni'trate. A basic nitrate, a salt of nitric acid having one or more atoms of the base still capable of combining with the acid. subnor'mal. Below the normal. subnormal'ity. The state of being below what is normal. subnotochordal (sub-no-to-kor'dal). Below the notochord. subnu'cleus. A secondary nucleus. subnutri'tion. A mild degree of innutrition. SUBOCCIPITAL 96s SUBSTANTIA suboccip'ital. Below the occiput or the occipital bone. suboper'culum. The orbital operculum.* suborbital (sub-or'bi-tal) . Beneath the orbit. subor'der. In zoological classification an occasional division between the order and the family. suboxide (sub-oks'id) . That of a series of oxides which contains the least oxygen. subozida'tion. Deficient oxidation. subpap'ular. Noting an eruption of few and scattered papules, or one in which the lesions are very slightly elevated, being scarcely more than macules. subparalyt'ic. Paretic. subparietal (sub-pa,-ri'e-tal) . Below or beneath any structure called parietal — bone, lobe, layer • of a serous membrane, etc. subpatell'ar. Beneath the patella. subpec'toral. Beneath the pectoralis muscle. subpedun'culai. Below a cerebral pedimcle. subpel"viperiton'eal. Beneath the pelvic, as dis- tinguished from the abdominal, peritoneum. subpericar'dial. Breath the pericardium. subperiosteal (sub-per-i-os'te-al). Beneath the peri- osteum. subperitoneal (sub-per-1-to-ne'al). Beneath the peritoneum. subperitone"oabdoni'inal. Subabdominoperitoneal. subperitone"opel'vic. Subpelviperitoneal. subpetro'sal. Inferior petrosal, noting a cerebral sinus. subpharyngeal (sub-f3.-rin'je-al). Below the phar- ynx. subphren'ic [L. stib, under, + G. phren, diaphragm.] Subdiaphragmatic. subphy'lum [L. sub, under, -1- G. phylon, race.] In biological classification the division between the phylum and the class. subpi'al. Beneath the pia mater. subplacen'tal. Beneath the placenta, noting the decidua vera. subpleural (sub-plu'ral). Beneath the pleura. subplex'al. Below or beneath any plexus. subpon'tine. Below the pons Varolii. subpreputial (sub-pre-pu'shyal). Beneath the pre- puce. Bubpu'bic. Beneath the pubic arch; noting a liga- ment, ligamentum arcuatum pubis, connecting the two pubic bones below the arch. subpul'monary. Below the lungs. subpyramidal (sub-pl-ram'i-dal). i. Below any pyramid, noting especially the i. fossa in the tympanum. 2. Nearly pyreimidal in shape. subret'inal. Beneath, on the outer side of, the retina. subros'tral. Beneath the rostrum, noting a cere- bral fissure below the genu of the callosum. subsalt'. A basic salt, one in which the base has one or more unsaturated molecules still capable of combining with the acid. subsarto'rial. Beneath the sartorius muscle, not- ing a nerve plexus. subscap'ulEiT. Beneath or below the scapula. BUbscapula'ris. See under musculus. subscle'ral. Beneath the sclerotic coat of the eye, i.e. on the choroidal side of this layer. subsclerot'ic. l. Subscleral. z. Partly or slightly sclerotic or sclerosed. subscription (sub-skrip'shun). The part of a pre- scription* preceding the signature, in which are the directions for compounding. subse'rous. Beneath a serous membrane. subsib'ilant. Noting a r^le with a quality between blowing and whistling. subspi'nous. Infraspinous. i. Beneath any spine. as of the scapula, of a vertebra, etc. a. Beneath, or anterior to, the spinal column. subsple'nial. Beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. substage'. An attachment to a microscope, below the stage, supporting the condenser or other accessory. substance (sub'stans) [L. substantia, essence, material.] Matter, stuff, material, al'pha s., reticular s. (i). be'ta s., Heinz* bodies, gray s., substantia cinerea or grisea, the gang- lionic or cellular portion of the brain and spinal cord. nterspongioplas'tic s., cytochylema. letic'ular s., (i) substantia reticulofilamentosa, filar mass, filar structure, a filamentous plas- matic material, beaded with granules, demon- strable by means of vital staining in the red blood-cells; (2) substantia reticularis, white s., substantia alba, the conducting or dendritic portion of the brain and spinal cord, white s. of Schwann, see Schwann. substance (silb-stahns') [Fr.] Substance, s. fixa- trice (feks-S-tres') [Fr. fixing substance], Metch- , nikoff's term for immune body or amboceptor, s. sensibilisatrice (sahii-se-be-le-si-tres') [Pr. sen- sitizing substance], Bordet's term for immune body or amboceptor. substan'dard. Below the standard or the normal. s. risk, see risk. substantia (sub-stan'shyah) [L.] Substance. s. adamanti'na [BNA], enamel, the hard substance covering the exposed portion of the teeth ; it is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate, car- bonate, and fluoride, and magnesium phosphate. In structure it is a mass of hexagonal prisms held together by an extremely thin calcified matrix. ■ s. alba [BNA], white substance.* s. cine'rea, gray substance.* s. compac'ta, the compact, non-cancellous portion of bone. s. cortica'lis [BNA], cortex, cortical substance; the [BNA] notes the following: j. c cerebell'i, cere- bellum, s. c. glan'dula suprarena'lis, suprarenal gland, i. c. len'tis, crystalline lens, j. c. lym- phoglan'duliB, lymph node, s. c. oss'ium, bones, s. c, re'nis, kidney, 5. c. telenceph'ali, cerebrum, s. ebur'nea [B NA], dentine, the ivory forming the mass of the tooth; it is composed of collagen, elastin, calcium phosphate, carbonate, and fluoride, and magnesium phosphate. It is struc- tureless, but contains a large number of fine tubules running in a direction from the pulp cavity to the external surface, in which are found processes (dentinal fibrils. Tomes 's fibrils) from the odontoblasts, s. femigin'ea, ferruginous substance, an elongated group of pigmented cells, underlying and giving a bluish tint to the locus caeruleus in the fioor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, s. gelatinofsa centra'lis [BNA], s. grisea centralis, s. gelatino'sa Rolan'di [BNA],. gela- tinous substance of Rolando, a light-colored glassy semitranslucent substance, composed chiefly of neuroglia, with, in certain regions, small ganglion cells, which forms the apex of the posterior gray column and, when seen on section, seems to fit over the caput cornu lik^ a cap. s. gris'ea [BNA], s. cinerea, gray substance.* s. gris'ea centra'lis [BNA], s. gelatinosa centralis, central gray matter of the spinal cord, a mass of neuroglia surrounding the central canal, s. len'tis [BNA], substance of the crystalline lens; it is divided into i. corticalis, cortex, and nucleus lentis, inner or main substance of the lens. s. meduUa'riS [BNA], medullary sub- stance; the [BNA] notes the following: i. m. SUBSTANTIA 966 SUCCEDANEUM glan'dulm suprarena'Us, suprarenal gland, 5. m. lymphoglan'dulce, lymph node, s. m, re'nis, kidney, s. m. oss'ium, bone-marrow, medulla ossium [BNA]. s. metachromat'ico-granula'ris, Heinz* bodies, s. ni'gra [BNA], black sub- stance, intercalatum, locus niger, ganglion of Soemmering; a mass of gray matter, crescentic on cross section, containing a large number of deeply pigmented nerve-cells; it extends from the upper border of the pons into the subthala- mic region between the dorsal (tegmental) and ventral (pedal) portions of the pedunculus (crus) cerebri, s. os'sea [BNA], cement, crusta pe- trosa, a layer of modified bone covering the dentine of the root and neck of a tooth, s. perfora'ta ante'rior [BNA], anterior perforated substance, locus perforatus anticus, an area on either side of the optic chiasm in the olfactory trigone, which is perforated by numerous blood-vessels, s. perfora'ta poste'rior [BNA], posterior perforated substance, locus perforatus posticus, a gray area at the base of the brain an- terior to the pons, containing numerous openings for the passage of branches of the posterior cere- bral artery, s. pro'pria cor'nese [BNA], the proper substance of the cornea, consisting of modified transparent connective tissue between the layers of which are open spaces or lacuns nearly filled with the corneal cells or corpuscles. 8. pro'pria membra'ns tym'pani, membrana propria, the middle, fibrous layer of the drum membrane, e. reticula'ris, formatlo reticularis. B. reticula'ris al'ba [BNA], (i) reticular white substance of Arnold, a thin layer of fibers cover- ing the medial surface of the hippocampal gyrus; (2) a region extending on either side of the raphe of the medulla oblongata as far as the root fibers of the hypoglossal nerve, s. reticula'ris gris'ea [BNA], an area in the medulla behind the olive containing white and gray matter, the latter in considerable amount, s. reticule - filamento'sa, reticular substance (i). s. spon- gio'sa [BNA], spongy substance of the bones, composed of trabeculae crossing each other in every direction, s. vit'rea, s. adamantina. substernal (sub-stur'nal). Beneath the sternum. substernomastoid (sub-stur"no-mas'toyd). Be- neath the sternomastoid muscle, noting a group of deep cervical lymph-glands. substitu'tion. In chemistry, the displacing of one or more atoms of one element in a compound by an equivalent number of atoms of another ele- ment, s. product, a product obtained by replac- ing one element in a molecule with an atom or radical of another substance, s. ther'apy, opo- therapy or organotherapy, administration of preparations made from organs, especially the endocrine, in order to relieve conditions believed to be caused by a deficiency of the internal secretion of those organs. substitutive (sub'sti-tu-tiv). Substituting; causing a substitution or change, s. ther'apy, treatment designed to excite an acute non-specific inflamma- tion to overcome one of a specific character, as in the fomrer practice of injecting a strong solution of silver nitrate in a beginning gonorrhea; allo- pathy. sub'strate, substra'tum [L. substraius, spread under.] 1. Any layer or stratum lying beneath another. 2. Any substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment. Bubsul'phate. A basic sulphate, one which contains one or more atoms of the base unsatisfied and still capable of combining with the acid. subsul'tus [L. subsilire, to start up.] A twitching or jerking, s. clonus, s. ten'dinum [L. iendo, tendon], a twitching of the tendons, especially noticeable at the wrist, occurring in low fevers. subsyl'vian. Below the fissure of Sylvius, noting the anterior horizontal ramus of the Sylvian fissure. subtar'sal. Below the tarsus. subtegumen'tal. Subcutaneous, hypodermic. subtem'poral. Beneath or at the lower part of the temporal lobe or temporal convolution of the brain; noting a fissure, sulcus temporalis inferior [BNA], extending along the ventral surface of the temporal lobe. subte'nial. Beneath or below any taenia of the brain. subtetan'ic. Not quite tetanic, noting convulsions which are not clonic nor yet altogether tonic (as those of tetanus), but rather of a remittent tonic character. subthalam'ic [L. sub, beneath, + thalamus^ Lying beneath the thalamus, s. nu'cleus, hypothala- mic nucleus, Luys' body. s. re'gion, hypothala- mus [BNA]. subthal'amus. Hypothalamus. subthyroidea, subthyroldism (sub-thi-ro-id'e-ah, sub- thi'roy-dizm). Hypothyroidism. subthyroideus (sub-thi-ro-id'e-us). A muscular bim- dle formed of fibers derived from the thyreoary- tenoidaeus and the vocalis muscles. subtile, subtle (sut'il). 1. Slender, fine. 2. Sharp, acute. subtrapezial (sub-tra-pe'zl-al). Beneath the tra- pezius muscle, noting a nerve plexus. subtribe'. In zoological and botanical classifica- tion, an indefinite division of a tribe. subtrochanteric (sub-tro-kan-ter'ik). Below any trochanter. subtrochlear (sub-trok'le-ar). Below the trochlea. subtu'beral. Lying below any tuber. subtympan'ic. Below the tympanum. subumbil'ical. Below the umbilicus. subungual, subunguial (sub-ung'gwal, sub-ung'gwl- al) [L. sub, beneath, + unguis, nail.] Beneath the (toe or finger) nail ; hyponychial. suburethral (sub-u-re'thral). Below or beneath the urethra; noting a gland on either side of the be- ginning of the vagina, the suburethral or vulvo- vaginal gland, called also gland of Bartholin or of Duverney. subvaginal (sub-vaj'in-al). i. Below the vagina, z. On the inner side of any tubular membrane serving as a sheath. subver'tebral. Beneath, or on the ventral side, of a vertebra or the vertebral column, subspinal. subvir'ile. More or less lacking in virility. subvit'rlnal. Beneath the vitreous body. subvo'la [L. sub, under, + vola, palm or sole.] Hypothenar, the fleshy projection on the ulnar side of the palm of the hand. subvolu'tion [L. sub, under, -f- volvere, to turn.] Turning under of a flap of mucous membrane, after an operation for pterygium, to prevent adhesion. subwa'king. Noting a state intermediate between sleeping and waking ; hypnoidal. subzo'nal. Below or beneath any zone or zona, such as the zona radiata or zona pellucida. subzygomat'ic. Below or beneath the zygoma. succeda'neous. Relating to a succedaneum, em- ployed as a substitute. succedaneum (suk-se-da'ne-um). A drug or any therapeutic agent that has the properties and can be employed in place of another, caput s., a SUCCEDANEUM 967 SUDATORIUM swelling of the scalp and subjacent connective tissue forming on the presenting part of the head of a fetus during its birth. succenturiate (suk-sen-tu'ri-at) [L. succeniunare, to receive into a company of soldiers, to substitute.] Substituting, accessory a. kidney, adrenal, or suprarenal body. s. placen'ta, an accessory or supernumerary placenta. suc'cinate. A salt of succinic acid with a base, usually ammonium or potassium. succin'ic acid [L. succinum, amber.] An acid, H2C-4 HjOj, occurring in colorless crystals, obtained by the destructive distillation of amber and by treating fats with nitric acid; employed for the relief of spasmodic pains in doses of gr. 5—10 (0.3-0.6). succinol (suk'sin-ol) \L. succinum, amber, + oleum, oil.] Refined oil of amber, employed, like other tar oils, in the treatment of various skin diseases. succinoresinol (suk"si-no-rez1-nol). A resinol de- rived from amber. suc'cinous. Relating to amber. succinum (suk'se-num) [L.] Amber, a fossil resin; a volatile oil obtained by its destructive distillation is sometimes used in medicine; see oleum, succini. succorrhea, succorrhcea (suk-kor-re'ah) [L. succu^, juice, + G. rkoia, a flow.] An ab- normal increase in the secretion of a digestive fluid, such as the saliva or gastric juice. succuba (suk'ku-bah) [L. succumbere, to lie under.] A female demon formerly supposed to seduce a man during sleep, and to be the cause of noc- turnal pollutions. suc'cubus [L.] A demon anciently believed to have intercourse with a woman during sleep, and to be the cause of lascivious dreams. suc'cus, gen. and pi. suc'ci [L.] Juice, i. The fluids constituents of the body tissues. 2. A fluid secretion, especially the digestive fluid. 3. The fluid portion of plants. 4. Specifically a pharmacopeial (B.P.) preparation obtained by expressing the juice of a plant and adding to it sufficient alcohol (i part to 3 of juice) to pre- serve it; formerly official also in the\U.S.P., but now replaced by tinctures, s. acal'yphae (B.A.), the fresh juice of acalypha with the addition of J volume 90 per cent, alcohol; dose 5i~4 (4.0-16.0). s. adhat'odse (B.A.), adhatoda juice; dose 3i-4 (4.0-16.0). s. belladon'nae (Br.), juice of bella- donna; dose, iffiS-iS (o-3-i-o)- s. cit'ri (N.P.), lime juice, the juice of Citrus medica acida. a. cit'ri et pepsi'num (N.F.), lime juice and pepsin, formerly called succus limettae cum pepsino; glycerite of pepsin 400, lime juice 600; dose, 32 (8.0). s. coni'i (Br.), the fresh juice of conium preserved with the addition of 25 per cent, alco- hol; has been used in chorea in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). s. enter'icus, intestinal juice; an opalescent, straw-colored, alkaline fluid, con- taining the enzymes maltase, invertase, erepsin, and enterokinase, and the non-enzymic secre- tin, s. gas'tricus, gastric juice ; a clear, nearly colorless, acid fluid, containing pepsin, rennin, lipase, hydrochloric acid, and various salts, b. hyoscy'ami (Br.), juice of hyoscyamus; dose, 15130-60 (2 . 0-4 .0). s. limet'tse cum pepsi'no, s. citri et pepsinum (N.F.). s. pancreat'icus, pan- creatic juice; a. clear syrupy fluid, containing several enzymes, viz., trypsinogen, amylopsin, lipase, and probably rennin, lactase, and inver- tase. s. pomo'rum (N.P.), fresh apple juice, sweet cider, the juice of Pyrus malus. s. pros- tat'icus, prostatic fluid; a whitish secretion, one of the constituents of the semen, the office of which is believed to be to preserve the vitality of the spermatozoa, s. scopa'rii (Br.), juice of broom; dose 3 1-2 (4 . 0-8 . 0) . s. tarax'aci (Br.), juice of dandelion; dose 32—4 (8.0-16.0). succuss (suk-kus') [L. succutere, to shake up.] To make succussion. succussion (suk-kush'un). A diagnostic procedure which consists in shaking the body so as to elicit a splashing sound in a cavity containing both gas and fluid. sucholotozin (su-ko-lo-toks'in) [L. sus, hog, -I- ckolera + toxin.] The toxin of hog-cholera. suck [A.S. sucan.] i. To draw a fluid through a tube by exhausting the air in front. 2. To draw a fluid into the mouth, specifically to draw milk from the breast. suck'ing-pad. Corpus adiposum buccse. suckle (suk'l). i. To nurse, to feed by milk from the breast. ^, To suck, to draw sustenance from the breast. su'crate. A compound of sucrose. su'crol. Dulcin, paraphenetol carbamide, a deriva- tive of paraphenetidin ; used as a substitute for sugar, being 200 times as sweet as cane-sugar. sucrose (su'kroz) [Pr. sucre, sugar.] Cane-sugar, saccharose.* suction (suk'shun) [L. sugere, to suck.] The act or process of sucking, aspiration, post-tus'sive s., a suction sound heard on auscultation over a pulmonary cavity at the end of a cough. suc'tion-cups. Cupping-glasses of various shapes, employed to produce local hyperemia according to Bier's* method. suc'tion-plate. A plate, supporting a denture, which is held in place by atmospheric pressure. Sucto'ria [L. sugere, to suck.] A subclass of Ciliaia including organisms with cilia only in the early stages as a rule, but having tentacles for piercing or sucking. suctorial (suk-to'ri-al). Relating to suction, or the act of sucking; adapted for sucking, s. insect, a mosquito or other insect which draws blood by piercing the skin. s. pad, sucking pad, corpus* adiposum buccae. suda'men, pi. sudam'ina [L. sudare, to sweat.] A minute vesicle due to retention of fluid at the mouth of a sweat follicle. sudam'ina. x. Plural of sudamen. -x. Miliaria crystallina. sudam'inal. Relating to sudamina. Sudan'. A name given to several fat-dyes. s. brown, a brown stain for fats, derived from alpha- naphthylamine. s. red III, sudan III, brown powder, aminoazobenzene-azobetanaphthol (Cjj- HijNjO), used as a stain in histological technique; it colors fatty tissues red, leaving connective tissue uncolored, it also stains the fatty envelope of the tubercle bacillus, s. yellow G., metadioxyazo- benzene, a yellow fat-stain. sudan'ophil [sudan + G. philos, fond.] Staining readily in a solution of sudan, usually sudan III. sudanophil'ia [sudan III + G. phileo, I lov^.] A condition in which the leucocytes contain minute fat droplets which take a brilliant red stain when treated with 0.2 per cent, sudan III and o. i per cent, cresyl blue in absolute alcohol. suda'tion [L. sudatio; sudare, to sweat.] Sweating. sudato'ria [L. sudaiorius, relating to sweating.] Ephidrosis, hyperidrosis. sudato'rium [L. sudare, to sweat.] A hot-air or Turkish bath to induce profuse perspiration. SUDOMOTOR 968 SULCUS sudomotor (su-do-mo'tor) [L. sudor, sweat, + motor, mover.] Sudoriferous, noting especially the nerves which stimulate the sweat-glands to activity. su'dor [L.] Sweat, perspiration.* su'doral. Relating to perspiration. sudore'sis. Diaphoresis. sudoriceratosis (su-dor-i-ser-a-to'sis) [L. sudor, sweat, + G. keras, horn.] Sudorikeratosis. sudoriferous [L. sudor, sweat, + ferre, to bring forth.] Carrying or producing sweat, o. ducts, the excretory ducts of the sudoriparous glands. sudorific [L. sudor, sweat, + facere, to make.] Dia- phoretic, sudoriferous, sudoriparous, causing perspiration. sudorikeratosis (su-dor-I-ker-a-to'sis). Sudoricera- tosis, keratosis of the sudoriferous ducts. sudoriparous (su-dor-ip'S,-rus) [L. sudor, sweat, + parere, to produce.] Producing sweat, s. gland, sweat-gland, glandula* sudoripara. su'et. The internal fat of the sheep and other animals, prepared s., sevum praeparatum. sufi'ocate [L. suffocare; sub, under, -I- fauces, pharynx.] 1 . To impede respiration, to asphyx- iate. 2. To suffer from want of oxygen, to be unable to breathe. suffoca'tion. The act or condition of suffocating, asphyxiation. sufiu'migate [L. sub, under, -I- fumigare, to smoke.] To treat by means of fumigation. sufiumiga'tion. Treatment by the application of medicated fumes or smoke. Buffu'sion [L. sub, under, + fundere, to poor out.] I. The act of pouring a fluid over the body. j. Reddening of the surface. 3. The condition of being wet with a fluid. 4. An extravasation. sugar (shfi6g'ar) [G. sakcharon; L. saccharum.] A carbohydrate of sweet taste; see saccharum. beech-wood s., xylose, beet s., saccharose extracted from beet-root, brain s., cerebrose. cane s., saccharose extracted from the sugar- cane, saccharum.* fruit s., levulose. gel'atin s., glycocoU. grape s., glucose, dextrose.* heart s., muscle s. in'vert s., a. mixture of equal parts of dextrose and levulose. liver s., glycogen. malt s., maltose, maple s., saccharum cana- dense, saccharose extracted from the sap of the sugar-maple, Acer saccharinum. milk s., lac- tose, muscle s., inosite. redu'cing s., one which has the property ot causing oxidation, s. of lead, acetate of lead, cupri * acetas. vir'tual s., a carbohydrate, neither dextrorotatory nor reducing, found in the blood, especially that of the right ventricle; the passage of the blood through the lungs turns it into ordinary sugar. su'garin. A synthetic sweetening agent said to be several hundred times sweeter than cane-sugar; it is a methyl derivative of saccharin or benzo- sulphinidum. Buggestibil'ity. A state in which one is prone to think or to do whatever is put in the mind by another. sugges'tible. Susceptible to suggestion. suggestion (sug-jes'chun) [L. suggerere, to supply.] The implanting of an idea in the mind of another by some word or act on the part of the operator, the subject being more or less influenced in his conduct or physical condition by such implanted idea. See autosuggestion. suggestionlst (sug-jes'chun-ist). One who employs suggestion in the treatment of disease. sugges'tive. Relating to suggestion, s. thera- peu'tlcs, treatment of disease by means of sugges- tion; pithiatism. suggilla'tion [L. suggillare, to beat black and blue.] 1. Ecchymosis, a black and blue mark. 2. Livor. suint (swint) [Fr. wool-grease.] The natural grease in wool, a mixture of a soluble soap and insoluble fatty matter, from which the ofiScial adeps* lanae is extracted. sul'cal. Relating to a sulcus, s. artery, a small branch of the anterior spinal artery running in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord. sul'cate, sul'cated. Grooved, furrowed, marked by a sulcus or sulci. sulciform (sul'sl-form) [L. sulcus + forma, form.] Having the form of a groove or sulcus. sulcomar'ginal tract. Tractus tectospinalis. sul'culus, pi. sul'culi [L dim. of sulcus, furrow.] A small sulcus. sul'cus, gen. and pi. sul'ci [L. a. furrow or ditch.] r. One of the grooves or furrows on the surface of the brain, bounding the several convolutions or gyri, a fissure. 2. Any long narrow groove, furrow, or slight depression. s. ampulla 'ris [BNA], ampuUary sulcus, a slight groove on the external surface of that part of the am- pulla of each semicircular duct of the labyrinth which corresponds to the convex side of the duct, it is where the nerve enters. s. anthel'icis transver'sus [BNA], a deep groove on the cranial surface of the auricle separating the emi- nences of the triangular fossa and of the concha. s. auric'ulffl ante'rior, anterior auricular groove, between the cms helicis and the tuberculum supra- tragicum. s. auric'ulEB poste'rior [BNA], posterior auricular groove, between the antitragus and the cauda of the helix marking the location of the antitragicohelicine iissure. s. basila'ris [BNA], basilar groove, a mesial groove on the ventral surface of the pons Varolii in which lies the basilar artery. s. bicipita'lis latera'lis [BNA], external bicipital groove on the outer side of the biceps in the middle of the arm. s. bicipita'lis media'lis [BNA], internal bicipital groove, a furrow on the inner side of the biceps in the middle of the arm. s. calca'nei [BNA], interosseous groove, a deep fur- row on the upper surface of the calcaneus giving attachment to the interosseous ligament. s. callosa'lis, callosal s,, s. corporis callosi [BNA]. 6. callosomargina'lis, callosomarginal Assure, s. cinguli [BNA]. s. caroficus [BNA], carotid sulcus, cavernous groove* of the sphenoid bone. s. car'pi [BNA], the concavity on the anterior surface of the arch formed by the carpal bones. s. centra'lis [BNA], central s., fissure of Rolando, a fissure running obliquely upward and baclcward on the lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere, between the frontal and parietal lobes. s. cerebell'l [BNA], cerebellar sulci, the irregular furrows between the gyri or convolutions of the cere- bellum. s. cer'ebri [BNA], cerebral sulci or fissures, grooves bounding the cerebral gyri or convolutions. s. chias'matis [BNA], sulcus of the chiasma, optic groove of the sphenoid bone. s. cin'guli [BNA], s. of the cingulum, callosomarginal fissure, a fissure on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, bounding the upper surface of the gyrus cinguU (callosal convolution); the anterior portion is called the pars subftontalis, the posterior portion, which curves up to the supcromedial margin of the hemisphere, bounding the paracentral lobule posteri- orly, the pars marginalis. s. circula'ris [BNA], circular sulcus of Reil, limiting sulcus of Reil, a semicircular fissure separating the insula fro.m the operculum above, in front, and behind. s, corona'rius [BNA], coronary sulcus, auriculo- LCUS 969 SULCUS entricular groove, a groove on the outer surface of le heart marking the division between the auricles itria) and the ventricles. s. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], s. of the corpus callosum, allosal s., a fissure separating the corpus callosum om the gyrus cinguh above. s. cos'tffi [BNA], a groove in the lower inner border : the rib, lodging the intercostal vessels and nerve. s. cru'ris hel'icis [BNA], groove of the crus of the slix, a transverse fissure on the cranial surface of the iiricle corresponding to the crus of the helix. s. cu'tis [BNA], groove of the skin, one of a large limber of grooves of variable depth on the surface of le corium. 8. ethmoida'lis [BNA], ethmoidal sulcus, nasal roove; a groove on the inner surface of each nasal one, lodging the internal nasal or anterior ethmoidal erve. s. fimbriodenta'tus, fimbriodentate s., a groove eparating the fimbria from the fascia dentata hippo- ampi. s. fronta'lis, frontal groove; the continuation on he cerebral surface of the frontal bone of the sagittal ulcus. s. fronta'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior frontal s., a igittal fissure on the outer surface of each frontal lobe f the cerebrum separating the middle from the inferior rental gyrus. s. fronta'lis me'dius^ middle or median frontal s., .n imperfectly developed sagittal fissure dividing the diddle frontal convolution into an upper and a lower lart; this s. is found only in man and the anthropoid .pes; at its anterior extremity it bifurcates, the two )ranches spreading out laterally and constituting the rontontarginal s. s. fronta'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior frontal s., a agittal fissure on the superior surface of each frontal jhe of the cerebrum, starting from the anterior border f the anterior central s.; it forms the outer boundary f the superior frontal convolution. s. frontomargina'lis, see s. frontalis medius. s. glutEe'us [BNA], gluteal furrow, the furrow be- ween the buttock and thigh. s. ham'uli pterygoid'ei [BNA], hamular groove, a Toove at the base of the hamular process which forms pulley for the tendon of the tensor veli palatini. s. horizonta'lM cerebel'li [BNA], horizontal sulcus tf the cerebellum, great horizontal fissure, a deep cleft tncircling the circumference of the cerebellum, and eceiving the three cerebellar peduncles anteriorly. s. hypothalam'icus [BNA], hypothalamic s., s. of /Tonroe, a aroove in the lateral wall of th'^ third ven- ricle on either side leading from the foramen inter- entriculare to the aditus ad aquaeductum cerebri. s. infraorbital! s [BNA], infraorbital groove; a gradu- Uy deepening groove on the orbital surface of the laxilla, which leads to the infraorbital canal. s. infrapalpefara'lis [BNA], the hollow or furrow elow the lower eyelid. s. interme'dius ante'rior [BNA], anterior interme- liate sulcus, anterior paramedian groove, an occasional urrow between the anterior median fissure and the -nterior lateral sulcus of the spinal cord, usually pres- nt only in the fetus, indicating the lateral border of he anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus. s. interme'dius poste'rior [BNA], posterior inter- nediate sulcus, posterior paramedian furrow or groove, , longitudinal furrow between the posterior median ,nd the posterior lateral sulci of the spinal cord in the ervical region, separating the funiculus gracilis from he funiculus cuneatus. s. interparieta'lis [BNA], interparietals., intraparie- al s. of Turner, a branched fissure starting from near he lateral (Sylvian) fissure at the posterior border >f the posterior central gyrus, and running obhquely )ackward and medially to terminate in the transverse iccipital sulcus; it separates the superior and inferior )arietal lobules; a horizontal branch proceeds medially orming the posterior boundary of the posterior central [yrus. s. intertubercula'ris [BNA], inter tubercular sulcus, )icipital groove, a furrow running down the shaft of he humerus from between the two tuberosities, lodg- ng the tendon of the long head of the biceps, and giving attachment in its floor to the latissimus dorsi muscle. s. iatragra'cilis, a cerebellar fissure between the gracilis minor and gracilis posterior lobuli. s. intraparieta'Us^ intraparietal s. of Turner, s. in- terparietalis [BNA], s. lacrima'Iis [BNA], lacrymal groove; (i) a hollow in front of the lacrymal crest of the lacrymal bone; (2) a groove on the nasal process of the maxilla, the upper part of which forms with (i) a fossa for the lodgment of the lacrymal sac. s. latera'lis [BNA], a groove on the lateral aspect of the mesencephalon which is continuous below with the furrow between the middle and superior peduncles of the cerebellum. s.latera'lis ante'rior [BNA], anterior lateral, or ante- rolateral, sulcus, an indistinct furrow on either side of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, near the anter- ior median fissure, marking the line of exit of the anterior nerve-roots. s. lateralis poste'rior [BNA], posterior lateral, or posterolateral, sulcus, a longitudinal furrow on either side of the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, marking the line of entrance of the posterior nerve-roots. s. lim'itans (i) [BNA] a lateral groove running the whole length of the rhomboidal fossa on either side of the posterior median fissure, the remains of the embry- onic sulcus separating the ventral and dorsal zones of the medullary canal; (2) limiting a. of Reil, s. circularis [BNA]. s. long! tudina' lis [BNA], longitudinal sulcus, inter- ventricular groove, ventricular groove, crena cordis; a groove on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the heart, marking the location of the septum between the two ventricles. s. longitudina'Iis supe'rior, s. sagittalis [BNA]. s. luna'tus, a sulcus in the human brain comparable to, if not identical with, the ape-fissure {Ajfenspalte) . s. malleola'ris [BNA], malleolar s. or groove, a broad groove on the posterior surface of the internal or medial malleolus, through which the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle runs. 8. ma'tricis un'guis [BNA], the cutaneous furrow in which the root and posterior part of the lateral border of the nail are situated. B. media' nus lin'gUEe [BNA], median longitudinal raphe of the tongue, a slight longitudinal depression running forward on the dorsal surface of the tongue from the foramen csecum. s. media'nus poste'rior [BNA], posterior median sulcus, posteromedian fissure, a shallow furrow in the median line of the posterior surface of the cord. s. mentolabia'lis [BNA], thementolabialfurrow, the indistinct line separating the lower Hp from the chin. s. mylohyoid'eus [BNA], mylohyoid sulcus, a groove on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible leadr ing to the opening of the inferior dental canal; it lodges tbe mylohyoid artery and nerve. s. nasolabia'lis [BNAJ, nasolabial furrow, the furrow between the ala nasi and the Hp. 8. ner'vi radia'Hs [BNA], groove for radial nerve, musculospiral groove, a furrow between the external epicondylic ridge of the humerus and the deltoid emi- nence, winding round the outer surface of the shaft, lodging the musculospiral (radial) nerve and the superior profunda artery. s. ner'vi ulna'ris [BNA], groove for ulnar nerve, a furrow on the posterior surface of the internal epicon- dyle of the humerus, lodging the ulnar nerve. s. nyin"phocaruncula'ris, a groove between the labium minus and the border of the remains of the hymen, in which is the opening of the duct of Bartho- lin's gland on either side. B. nymphohymenea'lis, s. nymphocaruncularis. s. obturato'rius [BNA], obturator s. or groove, a broad, shallow furrow on the pelvic surface of the pubis external to the obturator crest. s. occipita'lis latera'Us [BNA], lateral occipital s., one of several variable fissures on the lateral aspect of the occipital lobe of each cerebral hemisphere, bounding the lateral occipital convolutions. s. occipita'lis supe'rior [BNA], superior occipital s., one of several small and variable sulci separating the SULCUS 970 SULPHEMOGLOBINEMIA superior occipital gyri on the upper aspect of the occioital lobe of the cerebrum. s. occipitotempora'lis, occipitotemporal s., s. tem- poralis inferior [BNA]. s. occipita''lis transver'sus [BNA], transverse occipi- tal s., the extremity of the occipital ramus of the inter- parietal suture, regarded by some as the representative in man of the ape-fissure. s. olfacto'rius [BNA], olfactory s., a fissure on the inferior surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum, running parallel with the longitudinal fissure and separating the gyrus rectus from the orbital gyri. s. orblta'lis [BNA], orbital s., one of a number of irregularly disposed fissures on the inferior surface of each frontal lobe of the cerebrum, dividing it into the orbital gyri. 8. palati'nus [B N A], palatine groove, one of a number of grooves on the lower surface of the palatal process of the maxilla in which run the vessels and nerves of the hard palate. s. paraglenoida'lis [BNA], paraglenoid groove, a fur- row on the inner face of the ala of the ilium, at the bor- der of the auricular surface. s, parallel'is, s. temporalis superior. s, parolfacto'rius ante'rior [BNA], anterior parol- factory sulcus, a fissure separating the parolfactory area from the superior frontal gyrus. s. parolfacto'rius poste'rior [BNA], posterior parol- factory sulcus, a shallow groove on the medial surface of the hemisphere separating the subcallosal gyrus from the parolfactory area. s. petro'sus infe'rior [BNA], inferior petrosal groove; (i) a shallow groove on either side of the basilar portion of the occipital bone lodging the inferior petrosal sinus; (2) a groove, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, lodging the inferior petrosal sinus. s. petro'sus supe'rlor [BNA], superior petrosal groove, a groove on the superior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone in which rests the superior petrosal sinus. s. praecentra'lis [BNA], precentral s., s. verticalis, an interrupted fissure anterior to and in general parallel with the fissure of Rolando, forming the anterior boundary of the gyrus centralis anterior. 6. promonto'rii [BNA], a narrow groove running ver- tically over the surface of the promontory in the tympanum, lodging the tympanic nerve. s. pterygopalati'uus [BNA], pterygopalatine groove, a sulcus on the sphenoidal process and posterior sur- face of the vertical plate of the palate bone which, with grooves of the same name on the maxilla and ptery- goid process of the sphenoid, forms the canal of the same name, the inferior extremity of which is the foramen palatinum majus. s. sagitta'Us [BNA], sagittal sulcus, superior longi- tudinal sulcus; (i) a groove on the inner surface of the occipital bone which lodges the superior longitudinal sinus; (2) a groove at the line of junction of the two parietal bones, which lodges the superior longitudinal venous sinus and to the edges of which the falx cerebri is attached; it extendsdown in the center of the frontal bone, and terminates in the frontal crest. s. scle'rse [BNA], s. of the sclera, a slight groove on the external surface of the eyeball indicating the line of union of the sclera and cornea. B. sigmoid'eus [BNA], sigmoid sulcus, sigmoid fossa or groove; a broad groove in the posterior cranial fossa, first situated on the lateral portion of the occipital bone, then curving around the jugular process on to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, and finally turning sharply on the posterior inferior angle of the parietal bone and becoming continuous with the trans- verse groove; it lodges the lateral (transverse) sinus. S. spira'lis exter'nus, external spiral sulcus, a con- cavity in the outer wall of the ductus cochlearis be- tween the prominentia spiralis and the crista basilaris. B. Bpira'lis inter'nus, internal spiral sulcus, a con- cavity in the floor of the ductus cochlearis formed by the overhanging labium vestibulare. s, subcla'vius [BNA], a groove on the surface of the lung just below the apex, corresponding to the course of the subclavian artery. s. Bubparieta'lis [BNA], subparietal s., a fissure con- tinuing the direction of the s. cinguli from where the pars marginalis of that fissure bends upward; it forms the upper boundary of the posterior portion of the gyrus cinguli. s. ta'Ii [BNA], interosseous groove; a deep furrow on the under surface of the astragalus giving attachment to the interosseous ligament. s. tempora'lis infe'rior [BNA], inferior temporal s., occipitotemporal s., a sagittal fissure on the under sur- face of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, separating the inferior temporal from the fusiform (occipitotem- poral) convolution. s. temporalis melius [BNA], middle temporal s., second temporal s. , a sagittal fissure on the lower part of the lateral surface of the temporal lobe of the cere- brum, separating the middle and inferior temporal convolutions. s. temporalis supe'rior [BNA], superior temporal s., supertemporal s., first temporal s., parallel s., a long deep fissure running the whole length of the lateral surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, parallel with the lateral (Sylvian) fissure, separating the supe- rior and middle temporal convolutions; its posterior extremity, running into the parietal lobe, is deflected upward and is capped by the angular gyrus. s. tempora'lis transver'sus [BNA], transverse tem- poral s., one of a number of transverse fissures on the surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum bordering on the lateral (Sylvian) fissure, running from the region of the superior temporal gyrus to the insula; they sepa- rate the transverse temporal convolutions from each other. s. termina'Us [BNA], (i) a V-shaped groove, with apex pointing backward, on the surface of the tongue, marking the separation between the oral, or horizontal, and the pharyngeal, or vertical, parts of this organ; (2) a groove on the surface of the right atrium of the heart, marking the junction of the primitive sinus venosus with the atrium. B. transver'sus [BNA], transverse sulcus, groove on the inner surface of the parietal bone, at its posterior inferior angle, which receives the lateral venous sinus. s. tu'baa auditi'vee [BNA], a furrow on the inner surface of the posterior border of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, for the cartilaginous Eustachian tube. s. tympan'icus [BNA], tympanic sulcus, a groove in the tympanic ring in which the circumference of the drum membrane is fixed. sul'ci veno'si [BNA], grooves occasionally found on the internal surface of the parietal bone, in which veins lie. s. ventra'lis, the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord. s. vertica'lis, s. praecentralis. sulfonal, sulfur, etc. See sulpkonal, sulphur, etc. sulph-, sulpho-. A prefix denoting that the com- pound to the name of which it is attached con- tains the group SO 2, sulphurous anhydride. sulphacid (sulf-as'id). Thioacid. sulphaldehyde (sulf-al'de-hid). Thioaldehyde, « colorless liquid of strong odor, employed as a hypnotic in place of paraldehyde, than which it is much stronger. sulpham'inol. Thioxydiphenylamine. sulphan'ilate. A salt of sulphanilic acid. sulphanil'ic acid. A coal-tar derivative occurring in small white crystals; has been used for the relief of lodism and catarrhal troubles in doses of gr. s~io (0.3-0.6). sul'phate. A salt of sulphuric acid with a base. sulphemoglobin,sulphsemoglobin(sulf"hem-o-glo'bin) Isulphur -H hemoglobin.] A substance formed by the action of hydrogen sulphide on hemoglobin; sulphmethemoglobin. Bulphemoglobine'mia, sulphsemoglobinEe'mia. A morbid condition due to the presence of sulphemo- globin in the blood; it is marked by a persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in that fluid ; it is thought to SULPHEMOGLOBINEMIA 971 SULPHYDRATE be caused by the action of hydrogen sulphide absorbed from the intestine. sulph-hemoglo'bin. Sulphemoglobin. sulphichthyolic acid (sulf-ik-thl-ol'ic as'id). Ich- thyosulphonic* acid. sul'phide. A compound of sulphur with a base, sulphuret. sulphindigotic acid (sulf"in-di-got'ik as'id). Sulpho- indigotic acid, an acid CaHjNO.SO,, formed by the interaction of sulphuric acid and indigo; it forms with soditmi, indigo-carmine, or sodium sul- phindigotate. sulph'inide. Saccharin, benzosulphinidum.* sul'phite. A salt of sulphurous acid with a base. sulphmethemoglo'bin, sulphmethaemoglo'bin. Sulph- emoglobin. sulphoacid (sul'fo-as-id). i. Thioacid. 2. Sul- phonic acid. sulphocar'bol. Acidum* sulphocarbolicum. sulphocar'bolate. A salt of sulphocarbolic acid. sulphocarbol'ic acid. See under acidum. sulphocy'anate. A salt of sulphocyanic acid. sulphocyanic acid (sul"fo-si-an'ik as'id). Thio- cyanic acid, rhodanic acid, an acid, CNHS, occur- ring in human saliva and in the seeds of certain plants. sulphogel (sul'f o-jel) . Same as hydrogel, with sulphuric acid instead of water as the dispersion means. sulphohy'drate. Sulphydrate. sulphoichthyolic acid (sul-fo-ik-thJ-ol'ik as'id). Ichthyosulphonic* acid. sulphoindigotic acid (sul"fo-in-di-got'ik as'id). Sulphindigotic acid. sul'phonal (Br.). Sulphonmethane (U. S.). sul'phonalism. Chronic sulphonal poisoning; addiction to sulphonal. sul'phone. The radical SO,, or a compound of it with carbon. sulphonethylmethane, sulphonethylmethanum (sul"- fon-eth"il-meth'an, sul"fon-eth"il-meth'a-num). (U.S.) Trional,C8HisS204, obtained by the oxi- dation of a mercaptol formed by the condensation of methylethylketone with ethylmercaptan ; colorless, shining scales, soluble in 195 parts of water and readily soluble in alcohol ; hypnotic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). sulphon'ic acid, A monobasic acid derived from benzene in which hydrogen is replaced by SO2.OH. sulphonmethane, sulphonmethanum (sul"fon-meth'- an, sul"fon-meth'a-num). (U.S.) Sulphonal. (Br.), CjH„S204, obtained by the oxidation of a mercaptol formed by the condensation of acetone with ethylmercaptan; a colorless crystalline pow- der, soluble in 360 parts of water and in 47 parts of alcohol; hypnotic in nervous and mental dis- eases in doses of gr. 20-40 (1.3-2.6). sijlphoparaldehyde (sul"fo-par-al'de-hid) Triethial- dehyde, a substance said to have hypnotic prop- erties. sulphophe'nol. Acidum* sulphocarbolicum sulphosalicylic acid (sul"fo-sal-i-sil'ik as'id) Sal- icyl-sulphonic acid, a crystalline acid, CjHjSOjH.- OH.COOH,' obtained by the interaction of sali- cylic acid and sulphuric anhydride; employed as a test for albumin, and has been given internally as a substitute for salicylic acid in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). Sulpho-Sa'Une Spring, Ohio. Muriated-saline-alka- line waters, 62° F. Used by drinking and bath- ing in metallic poisoning, portal congestion, hemorrhoids chronic skin- diseases, and syphilis. BUl'phosalt. A salt of sulphonic acid. sulphose (sul'f oz). Trade name of a preparation of ammonium ichthyolsulphonate, used for the same jjurposes as ichthyol. sulphosol (sul'f o-sol) . Same as hydrbsol, with sulphuric acid instead of water as the dispersion means. sul'phozism. Chronic sulphuric-acid poisoning. sul'phur (U.S., Br.), i. Brimstone, an element, symbol S, atomic weight, 32.07, occurring in native state in volcanic countries. It is of bright yellow color and occurs as a crystalline solid or as an amorphous powder; it combines with oxygen to form suljiiurous and sulphuric acids and with many of the metals and non- metallic elements to form sulphides. The pharma- copeia recognizes three preparations : washed, pre- cipitated, and sublimated sulphur. It is mildly laxative in doses of gr. 45-90 (3.0-6.0), and has been employed in rheumatism, gout, and bron- chitis in doses of gr. 5— ro (0.3-0.6) ; externally it is valuable in the treatment of skin diseases, and the fumes of burning sulphur were formerly extensively used in the disinfection of rooms after being occupied by a patient with contagious disease. 2. In homeopathic practice a trituration of sublimed sulphur with sugar of milk, employed as an antipsoric, to control the psora or under- lying hereditary constitutional taint which inter- feres with the effect of otherwise well indicated drugs; dose ix to 30th potency, flow'ers of s., 5. sublimatum. liver of s., hepar sulphuris, potassa sulphurata. milk of s., s. prascipitatum. precip'itated s., s. praecipitatum. roll s., brim- stone, sublimed s. melted and cast in cylindrical moulds, sublimed' s., s. sublimatum. s. group, the three bivalent metalloids, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium; they form dibasic acids with hydrogen, and their oxyacids are also dibasic. sul'phuris io'didum (N.F., Br.), sulphur iodide, a grayish black crystalline mass of metallic luster, applied as a stimulant or slight caustic in the treatment of certain skin diseases, s. lo'tum (U.S.), washed sulphur, sublimed s. macerated in diluted ammonia water to remove the free acid; a yellow or greenish yellow gritty powder, with- out odor or taste, s. praecipitatixm (U.S., Br.), precipitated s., milk of s., sublimed s., boiled with lime water, the lime being removed from the precipitate by washing with diluted hydrochloric acid; a yellowish or grayish, fine, non-crystalline powder, s. sublima'tum (U.S., Br.), sublimed s., flowers of s., prepared by distilling the rough sulphur of commerce ; a yellow somewhat gritty powder of faint sulphurous odor, veg'etable ti., lycopodium. washed s., s. lotum. sulphura'ria. A mineral deposit from certain std- phur waters, composed of a mixture of sulphur compounds, employed in the treatment of various diseases of the skin. sul'phurated. Sulphureted. sul'phurator. An apparatus for applying the fumes of burning sulphur for disinfection or bleaching. sul'phuret. Sulphide. sul'phureted, sul'phuretted. Combined with sul- phur ; noting a sulphide, as sulphureted hydrogen,^ sulphu'ric acid. Acidum sulphuricum. sul'phurize. To sulphurate, to combine with sul- phur. sulphurous (sul'fu-rus) Containing or relating to sulphur, s. acid, acidum sulphurosum. sulphuryl (sul"fu-ril) [sulphur + G. hyle, stuff.] The radical SOj. sulphy'drate. Sulphohydrate, a compound of the radical SH with another radical or element. SULPHYDRYL 972 SUPERINVOLUTION sulphydryl (sul-fi'dril) [sulphur + hydrogen + G. hyle, stuff.] The radical SH. sum. Abbreviation of L. suma, take, or sumendus, sumendum, to be taken, a direction in the signa- ture of a prescription.* sumac, sumach (su'mak) [Ar. sumrndg.] Rhus glabra. sum'bul [Hindu word.] (U.S.) Sumbul root, musk root, the dried rhizome and roots of an tmknown plant, probably of the order Umbelliferce; stimu- lant and antispasmodic in doses of gr. 15-60 (1.0-4.0). s. ra'dix (Br.), dried transverse slices of the root of Ferula sumbul; nervine and seda- tive, similar in action to valerian, in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). summa'tion [L. summare, to sum up.] The aggre- gation of a number of similars, totality, s. of stim'uli, muscular or mental effects produced by the frequent repetition of slight stimuli, one of which alone would be without evident response. summ'er [A.S. sumer.} The hot season of the year in non-tropical climates, varying in length ac- cording to the latitude and elevation above the sea. s.-au'tumn fever, estivoautumnal* fever, s. asth'ma, s. bronchi'tis, s. catarrh', rose cold, hay-fever, s. chol'era, s. complaint', s. diaxrhe'a, cholera morbus. s. fever, hay-fever, June cold, rose cold. s. rash, prickly heat, lichen tropicus. Summit Soda Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- chalybeate-carbonated waters. Used by drink- ing and bathing in Bright's disease, stone in the bladder, dyspepsia, and sluggishness of the in- testines and liver. sun'bum. An erythema or dermatitis caused by the actinic rays of the sun. Sim chol'era mix'ture [New York Sun, in which the formula was originally published at the time of a cholera epidemic in New York.] Misttira opii et rhei composita (N.F.); tinctures of capsicum and of rhubarb each 10, spirits of camphor and of peppermint, laudanum, and alcohol each 20; dose 1IH30 (2.0). sun'stroke. Insolation, siriasis; a form of heat- stroke restilting from undue exposure to the sun's rays, probably caused by the action of the actinic rays combined with the high temperature. The symptoms are those of heatstroke, but there is often an absence of fever, with extreme pros- tration and collapse. super- [L. super, above, beyond.] A prefix to words of Latin derivation, signifying in excess, above, superior, or in the upper part of; often the same as supra; it corresponds to the Greek prefix hyper-. superabduc'tion. Abduction of a limb beyond the normal limit. superacid (su-per-as'id). Overacid, more than nor- mally acid. superacld'ity. Hyperacidity, an excess of acid; specifically excessive acidity of the gastric juice, hyperchlorhydria. superacro'mial. Above the acromion process. superactiv'ity. Abnormally great activity; hyper- activity. superacute (su"pur-a-kflt'). Extremely acute, marked by great severity of symptoms and rapid progress; noting the course of a disease. superal'bal [L. super, above, + albus, white] I. Relating to, or situated in the upper part of the white substance of the brain. superalbumino'sis. The presence of an excess of albumin. superallmenta'tion. Overfeeding, luxus consump- tion, gavage; the forcing ot food upon a patient with tuberculosis or neurasthenia, in excess of the demands of the appetite or of the nutritional needs of a person in health. superalkalin'ity. Excessive alkalinity. supercallo'sal. Above the corpus callosum, noting the callosomarginal sulcus, sulcus cinguli [BNA]. supercar'bonate. Bicarbonate. supercen'tral. Above the center or any central part. supercerebel'lar. Situated in, or relating to, the superficial portion of the cerebellum. supercer'ebral. Situated in, or relating to, the superficial portion of the cerebrum. supercil'iaiy. Relating to or in the region of the eyebrow, b. arch, arcus superciliaris. s. ridge, s. arch. supercil'ium, pi. supercil'ia [L. super, above, + cilium, eyelid.] i. Eyebrow. ^. An individual hair of the eyebrow. superdicrofic. Hyperdicrotic. su"perdisten'tion. An extreme distention. superducf [L. super, above, + ducere, to lead.] To elevate or draw upward. superdu'ral. Above or relating to the superficial portion of the dura mater. superezcita'tion. i. The act of exciting or stimu- lating unduly. ^. Overstimulation; a condition of extreme excitement. superezten'sion. Extension beyond the normal limit. superfecundation (su"pur-fe-kun-da'shun) [L super, above, + fecundus, fertile.] The impregnation of two or more ova, liberated at the same ovula- tion, by successive acts of coitus. superfeta'tion [L. super, above, + fetas.] The presence of two fetuses of different ages, not twins, in the uterus ; due to the impregnation of two ova liberated at successive periods of ovulation. superfibrina'tion. The presence of an excessive amount of fibrin or fibrinogen in the blood or other body fluids. superficial (su-per-fish'al) [L. superficialis; super, above, -I- facies, figure, form.] i. On, near, or relating to the surface, sublimis. 2. Cursory, not thorough. superficia'Us [L.] Superficial; noting a number of nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures near the surface of the body. s. colli, see nervus cuta- neus colli, s. volae, ramus volaris superficialis [BNA], a branch of the radial artery anastomos- ing with the anterior carpal branch of the ulnar artery, forming the anterior carpal arch, rete* carpi volare, in front of the wrist. superficies (su-per-fish'J-ez) [L. super, above, + facies. figure, form]. Outer surface, facies [B NA]. superfiss'ure. A cerebral fissure or sulcus formed above a convolution by the overlapping of another; supersulcus. superflez'ion. Flexion beyond the normal limit. superfoeta'tion. Superfetation. superfron'tal. Above or in the upper part of the frontal region ; noting a sulcus in the upper part of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum, sulcus prse- centralis superior. superfunc'tion. Excessive function of a gland, organ, or other part. supergen'ual. Above the knee or any genu. superimpregna'tion. i. Superfecundation. a. Superfetation. superinduce (su"pur-in-diis'). To induce or bring on in addition to something already existing. superinvolu'tion. An extreme reduction in size of the uterus, after childbirth, below the normal size of the non-gravid organ. SUPERIOR 973 SUPPRESSION supe'iior [L. comparative of super, above.] i. Above in relation to another structure, higter. 2. Better, of more value. Buperlacta'tion [L. super, above, + lactare, to suckle.] The continuance of lactation beyond the normal period, hyperlactation. superle'thal [G. super, over, + letalis, fatal.] Beyond the fatal limit, noting a dose of a drug that will probably kill. superliga'men [L. super, above, + ligamen, band- age.] A retentive dressing; a bandage retaining a surgical dressing in place. supenne'dial. Above the middle of any part. supermoron (su-pur-mo'ron) . A person who is but slightly subnormal mentally, in a. grade above that of a moron. su"permotirity. Hypercinesis, the capability of motion in excess of the normal. snpemor'mal. Above the normal. supernumerary (su-pur-nu'mur-a-ri) [L. super, above, + numerus, number.] Exceeding the normal number; accessory. supemutrition (su-per-nu-trish'tm). Excessive nutrition, the result of superalimentation, leading to hypertrophy. superoccip'ital. Above or at the upper part of the occiput or occipital bone or region. superofrou'tal. Superfrontal. superolat'eral. At the side and above. superpar'asite. Hyperparasite. supeipetro'sal. Above or at the upper part of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. superphos'phate. That phosphate of a series which contains the greatest proportion of phosphoric acid; an acid phosphate. superpigmenta'tion [L. super, over, + pigmentum, paint.] An excess of pigment in a part. su'persalt. An acid salt, a salt containing one or more acid molecules which may still combine with the base. Bupersat'urate. To make a solution hold more of a salt or other substance than it will normally dissolve. Buperscrip'tion. The beginning of a prescription,* consisting of the injunction, recipe, take, usually noted by the sign "S^. Bupersecretio (su-pur-se-kre'shyo) [L.] Excessive secretion, hypersecretion. supersecre'tion \super, over, 4- secernere, to sepa- rate.] Hypersecretion; oversecretion ; secretion in amount greatly in excess of the normal. BUpersenBita'tlon, Bupersensitiza'tion. Increased susceptibility to the action of a protein following a first injection of the same; the production of anaphylaxis. supersep'tal. Above a septum, noting the super- septal fissure in the cuneus or quadrate lobe of the cerebrum. BuperstanMard. Above the normal or the standard, noting especially, in life-insurance, a supersiand- ard risk.* Bupersul'cuB. Superfissure. Bupertem'poral. Above or in the upper part of the temporal bone, lobe, or region, s. convolu'tion, gyrus temporalis superior, s. fissure, sulcus temporalis superior. superten'sion. Extreme tension. BUpervenos'ity. A state of incomplete oxidation of the blood. supinate (su'pi-nat). To turn the forearm and hand volar side uppermost. supjna'tion. i. The act of supinating. 2. The state of being supinated, or turned volar side upward. su'pinator. A muscle which produces supination of the forearm ; see under musculus. supine (su-pin') [L. supinus.] Lying on the back, supinated or in a position' of supination. Buplagotoxin (su-plag-o-toks'in) [L. sus, hog, + plaga, plague, H- G. toxikon, poison.] The toxin of swine plague. suppeda'nium, pi. suppeda'nia [L. sub, beneath, -I- pes, foot.] An application to the sole of the foot.. Bupplemen'tal. Relating to a supplement, addi- tional, s. air, reserve air.* Bupplemen'taiy. Supplemental, supernumerary. support'ing cells. See Hensen, and cut of Corti's organ. suppositoria (sfl-poz-l-to'iit-ah) [L. pi. of supposi- torium, something placed underneath.] Supposi- tories. A suppository is a small mass shaped for ready introduction into one of the orifices of the body, made of a substance, usually medicated, which is solid at ordinary temperattu-es but melts at blood heat; it is composed usually of oil of theobroma, soap (sodium stearate), or glycer- inated gelatin. A rectal suppository is in the shape of a cone or a spindle, weighing about 30 grains (2.0). An urethral suppository, or bougie, is pencil-shaped, pointed at one extremity, either 2.8 inches (7 cm.) or 5.6 inches (14 cm.) in length, weighing 30 or 60 grains (2.0 or 4.0) when made of glycerinated gelatin. A vaginal suppository is globular or egg-shaped, weighing about 150 grains (10. o), if made of glycerinated gelatin, or 60 grains (4.0) if made of cocoa butter, s. ac'idi carbol'ici [Br.], carbolic acid, or phenol, suppositories, made with white wax and oil of theobroma, containing I gr. (0.06) of phenol in each suppository; disinfec- tant and anesthetic in cancer of the rectum, s. ac'idi tan'nici [Br.], tannic acid suppositories, con- tain each 3 gr. (0.2) of tannic acid; employed in hemorrhoids and prolapse of the rectum, and in leucorrhea. s. belladon'nae [Br.], belladonna suppositories, contain each iJ^ gr. (o . i) of extract of beldlaonna ; employed in painful condi- tions of the rectum and neighboring pelvic organs. B. boroglyceri'ni (N.P.), suppositories of boroglyc- erin ; contains boroglycerin gr. i5(i.o)in glycerin- ated gelatin ; astringent, s. glycerifni (U.S., Br.), glycerin suppositories, made of glycerin 30.0 monohydrated sodium carbonate 0.5, stearic acid 2.0, water 5.0, to make 10 suppositories (U.S.) ; gelatin J ounce, glycerin 2J ounces, water q.s., boil down to 1563 grains and pour into moulds of 30, 60, or 120 grain measure (Br.); employed in constipation, s. iodofor'mi (Br.), iodoform sup- positories, each contains gr. 3 (0.2) of iodoform; employed in hemorrhoids, fissure of the anus, etc. s. plum'bi compoB'ita (Br.), compound lead sup- positories, contain each lead acetate gr. 3 (0.2), opium gr. i (0.06); employed in dysentery rectal hemorrhage, and hemorrhoids, s. mor- phi'nsB (Br.), morphine suppositories, each con- tains gr. i (0.015) morphine hydrochloride; for strangury and other painful affections of the rectum or bladder. supposito'rium [L. sub, under, -1- positus, placed.] Suppository; see suppositoria. suppos'itoiy. Suppositorium. suppress'ion [L. supprimere, to press down.] t Holding back, repression, arrest; noting any symptom or other abnormal phenomenon. ' 2 Arrest of the secretion of a fluid, as urine or bile ; to be distinguished from retention, in which secre- tion occurs but the discharge from the body is prevented. SUPPURANTIA 974 SUPRATROCHLEAR suppuran'tia [L. neuter pi. of suppurans, causing suppuration.] Agents that cause suppuration. supp'urate [L. suppurare.] To form pus. suppura'tion. The formation of pus. Bupp'urative. Forming pus. suppurating. supra- [L. above.] A prefix denoting a position above the part indicated by the word to which it is joined ; often signifying the same as super. supraacromial (su-prah-S-kro'ml-al). Superacro- mial. su"praacro"miohuniera'lis. Musculus deltoideus. supra-a'nal. Superanal. supra-auric'ular. Above the auricle or pinna of the ear. s.-a. point, a craniometric point at the root of the zygoma, directly above the auricular point. supra-ax'illary. Above the axilla. suprabucc'al. Above the cheek. supracap'sulin. Trade name of a preparation con- taining the active principle of the suprenal gland; hemostatic and vasoconstrictor. supracer'ebral. On or above the surface of the cerebrum. supracerebellar (su"prah-ser-e-bel'ar) . On or above the surface of the cerebellum. suprachorioidea (su-prah-ko-ri-o-id'e-ah). Supra- choroid* lamina. suprachoroid (su-prah-ko'royd). On the outer side of the choroid of the eye. s. lam'ina, the connec tive tissue between the choroid and the sclerotic coats of the eye. supracil'iary. Superciliary. supraclavic'ular. Above the clavicle, s. fossa, the hollow on either side of the neck dipping down behind the clavicle. supraclavicula'ris. See under musculus. supracommissure (su-prah-kom'i-shur) . Com- missura habenularum, dorsal stalk of the corpus pineale. supracon'dylar, supracon'dyloid. Above a condyle, noting a foramen and various bony ridges or markings. supracos'tal. Above the ribs. supracot'yloid. Above the cotyloid cavity, or acetabulum. supradiaphragmat'ic. Above the diaphragm. supraepicondylar (su"prah-ep-I-kon'dI-lar). Above an epicondyle. supraepitrochlear (su-prah-ep-i-trok'le-ar). Above the internal epicondyle of the humerus. supragle'noid. Above the glenoid cavity or fossa. s. tu'bercle, a rough surface just above the glenoid cavity of the scapula, giving attachment to the large head of the biceps muscle. supraglott'ic. Above the glottis, or chink between the vocal cords. Buprahepat'ic [L. supra, above, -I- G. heparQiSpat-), liver.] Above the liver. suprahy'oid. Above the hyoid bone, noting cer- tain accessory thyroid glands lying within the geniohyoid rnuscle. suprainguinal (su"prah-ing'gwin-al). Above the inguinal region, or groin. supraintestinal (su"prah-in-tes'tl-nal). Above the intestine. Bupralum'baT. Above the lumbar region. Bupramalle'olar. Above either malleolus. Bupramamm'ary. Above the mammary gland. Bupramandib'ular. Above the mandible, or lower jaw. supramar'ginal. Above any margin, noting espe- cially the 8. gyre, a cerebral convolution on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. supramas'toid. Above the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. supramaxill'a. The maxilla. supramax'illary. Relating to the maxilla or upper jaw. Bupramen'tal [L. supra, above, + mentum, chin.] Above the chin. suprana'sal [L. supra, above, + nasus, nose.] Above the nose. s. point, ophryon. supraneural (su"prah-nu'ral) [L. supra, above, -I- G. neuron, nerve.] Above the neural axis. supranuclear (su"prah-nu'kle-ar). Between a nu- cleus of the brain and the cortex. supraobli'quus. Musculus obliquus superior. supraoccip'ital. Superoccipital. supraorbital (su"prah-or'bI-taI). Above the orbit, either on the face or within the cranium; noting niunerous structures, see canalis, foramen in- cisura, nervus, etc. s. lidge, arcus superciliaris. s. neural'gia, neuralgia of the supraorbital nerve, brow-ache, hemicrania. s. point, ophryon. suprapatellar. Above the patella. suprapel'vic. Above the pelvis. suprapineal (su-prah-pin'e-al). Above the corpus pineale. suprapon'tine. Above the pons Varolii. suprapu'bic. Above the pubic arch. s. cystot'omy, operation of opening into the bladder by an inci- sion just above the symphysis pubis, the bladder being distended with air or water so as to raise the peritoneal investment above the point of incision. supraren'aden. Trade name of a preparation made from the suprarenal gland; recommended in Addison's disease. suprare'nal [L. supra, above, + ren, kidney.] i . Above the kidney. 2. A suprarenal gland, s. capsule, s. body, s. gland, glandula suprarenalis. Buprare'nalln. Trade name of a preparation made from the suprarenal gland; hemostatic and vaso- constrictor. suprarene (su'prah-ren). A suprarenal or adrenal body. supraren'in. Trade name of a preparation of the suprarenal gland; hemostatic and vasocon- strictor applied locally in 1— loooo up to i— 1000 solutions. suprascap'ular. Above the scapula. suprascle'ral. On the outer side of the sclera, noting the suprascleral or perisclerotic lymph-space between the sclera and Tenon's capsule, or fascia bulbi. suprasep'tal. Above any septum. supraspi'nal. Above the spinal column or any spine. supraspina'lis. See under musculus. supraspina'tus. See imder musculus. supraspi'nous. Above any spine, especially above one or more of the vertebral spines or the spine of the scapula. suprastape'dial. Above the stapes. supraster'nal [L. supra, above, + sternum^ Above the sternum; epistemal."' Buprasyl'vian. Above the fissure of Sylvius. kuprasymphysaiy (su-prah-sim-phiz'S-rl). Above the symphysis pubis. supratem'poral. Supertemporal. suprathoracic (su-prah-tho-ras'ik). Above or in the upper part of the thorax. Bupraton'sillar. Above the tonsil, noting a recess above and slightly back of the tonsil. Bupratroch'Iear (su-prah-trokle-ar). Above a troch- lea, especially the trochlea of the humerus. rPRATURBINAL 97S SUSTENTACULUM iratur'binal. The fourth turbinated body concha )f Santorini, concha nasalis suprema [BNA]. iratympan'ic. Above the tympanum. iravaginal (su-prah-vaj'in-al). Above the va- ^na, or above any sheath. ra [L.] Calf of the leg. ral. Relating to the calf of the leg. alimenta'tioii [Fr. sur; L. super, above.] Super- ilimentation, cingle (sur'sing-gl) [L. super, over, + cingulum, jdt.] The posterior narrowing part of the nu- :leus caudatus, cauda striati. ■'dity [L. surditas.] Deafness. 'domute. i. Deaf and dumb. z. A deafmute. excita'tion [Fr. sur; L. super, above.] Superexci- ;ation. f eit (sur'fit) [Fr. surf ait; L. super, above, + facere, o make.] Urticaria in the horse. geon (sur'jun) [G. cheirourgos; L. chirurgus.] i. \. medical practitioner who performs operations or reats external diseases or those amenable to oper- itive measures, z. In England, formerly a general )ractitioner, one without a degree of M.D., but rith the license of the Royal College of Surgeons. toting assist'ant s., a non-commissioned surgeon in me of the public services who has the duties of an issistant surgeon, but is not in line of promotion. issisfant s., a member of the junior grade of urgeons in one of the public services, a newly appointed member of the medical corps, house ., the chief among the surgical internes in a hos- >ital. passed assisfant s., an assistant s. in one if the public services who has passed the exami- lation entitling him to the rank of surgeon when . vacancy occurs. 'geon-apoth'ecary. In England, a general prac- itioner who has not the M. D. degree, but has the icense of the Royal College of Surgeons and the Apothecaries Hall. 'geon-denf ist. A dental surgeon, a dentist. 'geon gen'eral. The chief medical officer in the J. S. Army, Navy, or Public Health Service, n other armies any member of the medical corps rho has the rank of general, not necessarily the hief medical officer. jery (sur'jer-I) [L. chirurgia; G. cheir, hand, + rgon, work.] The branch of medicine which has o do with external diseases (those of the skin ex- epted) and all other diseases and accidents amen- ble to operative or manual treatment, dental s., entistry. major s., operative surgery in which he operation itself is hazardous, as in amputation bove the ankle or wrist, abdominal and cerebral urgery, the removal of large tumors, etc. minor ., surgery which has to do with slight and not azardous operations, the application of splints, andages, etc. orthope'dic s., the branch of sur- ery which embraces the treatment of deformities nd of chronic joint diseases, plastic s., thes ranch of operative surgery which has to do with le repair of defects, the results of loss of tissue, of xtensive cicatrices, etc., by direct union of parts, y grafting, the transfer of tissue from one part to nother, etc. railway s., treatment of injuries ;sulting from railways, including also the sani- ition of cars and of stations, the ocular and hysical examination of engineers and other em- toyees, etc. vef erinary s., medicine and surgery ealing with the diseases and injuries of the lower aimals. gical. Relating to surgery, s. anatomy, s. idney, s. pathology, etc., see the noims. a (soor'rah) [East Indian name.] A disease of orses, mules, and cattle in Mauritius, Africa, Southern Asia, and the Philippines, caused by the presence in the blood of Trypanosoma evansi, in- fection probably occurring through the agency of a biting fly, a species of Stomoxys, or of Tabanus, or both. The symptoms are anemia, ecchymoses, edema, and emaciation; the disease is almost invariably fatal. surrenal (sur-re'nal). Suprarenal. surr'ogate [L. surrogare, to substitute; sub, under, + rogare, to ask.] A substitute. sursa'nure [Fr.; L. super over, -I- sanus, healthy.] A superficially healed ulcer, with pus beneath the surface. suisumduc'tion [L. sursum, upward, + ducere, to draw.] A drawing upward, specifically the mov- ing upward of one eye independently of its fellow. sursumvergence (sur-sum-vur'jens) [L. sursum, up- ward, -I- vergere, to bend.] An upward turning; specifically upward movement of the eyeballs. sursimiversion (sur-sum-vur'shun) [L. sursum, up- ' ward, + vertere, to turn.] The act of moving the eyes upward, sus'citate [L. sub, under, + citare, to excite.] To stimulate, to arouse to increased activity. suscita'tion. Excitation. susotoxin (sus"o toks'in) [L. sus, hog.] A toxin extracted from a pure culture of the hog-cholera bacillus. Suspec'ta. A former division or class of serpents concerning which it was not definitely known whether they were venomous or not ; see Venenosa. suspen'sion [L. suspensio; sub, under, + pendere, to hang.] I. A temporary interruption of any func- tion. 2. A hanging from a support, as employed in the treatment of spinal curvatures or during the application of a plaster jacket. 3. The diffusion through a liquid of a solid in finely divided parti- cles ; this difiers from a solution* in that the parti- cles retain their solid form and are not liquefied, consequently in time they may sink to the bottom of the vessel as a precipitate or sediment; a per- fect solution forms no precipitate so long as evap- oration of the solvent is prevented; it differs from a dispersion in that in the latter the parti- cles are held in a. condition between suspension and solution by virtue of their electrical charge, surface energy, kinetic energy, and the adsorbed ions of electrolytes, and neither are so coarse as to separate from their medium and form a de- posit, nor have so lost their identity as to be incorporated in a homogeneous mass with the fluid medium. Sayre's s., see Sayre. suspensoid (sus-pen'soyd) [suspension + G. eidos, resemblance.] Suspension colloid; a colloid solu- tion in which the disperse particles are solid and lyophobe or hydrophobe, and are therefore sharply demarcated from the fluid in which they are suspended; distinguished from emulsoid. suspen'soiy. r. Suspending, supporting, noting a ligament or other structure the office of which is to keep an organ or other part in place. 2. Noting a bandage applied as a support to a de- pendent part, such as the scrotum or a pendulous breast. sustentac'ular. Relating to a sustentaculum, sup- porting. sustentac'ulum [L. a prop.] A structure which serves as a stay or support to another, s. li'enis, ligamentum phrenicocolicum, on which rests the base of the spleen, s. ta'li, support of the ankle- bone; a bracket-like lateral projection from the inner surface of the os calcis, the upper sur- face of which presents a facet for articulation with the astragalus. SUSURRUS 976 SUTURA susur'rus [L.] Murmur. Suth'erland Springs, Texas. The waters are used for their tonic, alterative, laxative, diuretic, and astringent properties. Numerous springs. Em- ployed by drinking and bathing in various com- plaints. The entire year. sutura (soo-too'rah) [L.] Suture, in any sense, especially a cranial or anatomical suture. s. corona'lis [BNA], coronal suture, line of union of the frontal with the two parietal bones. B. denta'ta, dentate suture, one which presents tooth- like projections on its interlocking margins, as the interparietal. s. ethmoid" eomaxilla'ris [B N A], ethmoideomaxil- lary suture, line of apposition of the orbital surface of the body of the maxilla with the lamina papyracea (os planum) of the ethmoid bone. s. fronta'lis [BNA], frontal suture, remains of the s. metopica, sometimes discernible for a short distance above the nasofrontal suture. Cranial Sutures. i, Sutura dentata (the sagittal suture); 2, sutura limbosa (the coronal suture) . s. frontoethmoid'ea, s. frontoethmoida'lis [BNA]* frontoethmoidal suture, line of union between the cribriform plate of the ethmoid and the orbital plate and posterior margin of the nasal process of the frontal bone. s. tron^tolacrima'Iis [BNA], frontolacrymal suture, line of union between the upper margin of the lacry- mal and the orbital plate of the frontal. 5. frontomazilla'ris [BNA], frontomaxillary suture, articulation of the nasal process of the maxilla with the frontal bone. 8. harmo'nia» harmonic suture, a simple firm appo- sition of two contiguous bones having smooth or roughened edges, as the palatal portion of the inter- maxillary. s. iacisi'va [BNA], s, premaxillaris. 6. infraorbita'lis [BNA], infraorbital suture, an in- constant suture sometimes found running from the infraorbital foramen, on the anterior surface of the maxilla, to the infraorbital groove in the floor of the orbit, separating the orbital plate of the malar process from the rest of the maxilla. s. inter maxilla'ris [BNA], intermaxillary suture, the line of union of the two superior maxillary bones. s. internasa'lis [B NA], internasal suture, line of union between the two nasal bones. 8. interparieta'Iis, s. sagittalis. 8. lacrimoconcha'lis [BNA], lacrymoconchal suture, line of union of the lacrymal with the inferior turbin- ated bone. 8. lacrimomaxilla'ris [BNA], lacrymomaxillary su- ture, line of union, on the inner wall of the orbit, between the anterior and inferior margin of the lacry- mal bone and the maxilla. s. lambdoid'ea [BNA], lambdoidal suture, line of union between the occipital and two parietal bones. B. limbo'sa, limbous or bevelled suture, one in which the opposing margins fit by parallel ridges. B. mendo'sa, a suture separating the upper part of the squamous portion from the remainder of the occipital bone; it usually closes dur ng the first year of life, but sometimes persists, bounding one side of the interparietal bone. B. metop'ica, metopic suture, line of union between the two halves of the frontal bone, obliterated at the fifth or sixth year. s. nasofronta'lis [BNA], nasofrontal suture, line of union of the frontal and of the two nasal bones. B. nasomaxilla'ris [BNA], nasomaxillary suture, line of union of the lateral margin of the nasal bone with the frontal process of the maxilla. 8. notha (no'tah), false suture, one the opposing margins of which are smooth or present only a few ill- defined projections. e. occipitomastoid'ea [BNA], occipitomastoid suture, continuation of the lambdoid suture between the pos- terior border of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and the occipital. 6. palati'na media'na [BNA], median or middle pala- tine suture, line of union between the horizontal plates of the palate bones, continuing the intermaxillary suture posteriorly. s. palati'na transver'sa [BNA], transverse palatine suture, line of union of the palatal processes of the maxillae with the horizontal plates of the palate bones, 8. palatoethmoid'ea, s. palatoethmoida''lis [BNA], palatoethmoidal suture, line of junction of the orbital process of the palate bone and the lamina papyracea, os planum, of the ethmoid. s, palate maxilla'ris [BNA], palatomaxillary suture, line of union, in the floor of the orbit, between the orbital process of the palate bone and the orbital sur- face of the maxilla. 8. pari'''etoma3toid'ea [BNA], parietomastoid suture, articulation of the posterior inferior angle of the pari- etal with the mastoid process of the temporal bone. s. petrcsquamo'sa, petrosquamous suture, temporal suture, a suture, distinct in early life, uniting the petrous and squamous portions of the temporal bone. 8. premazilla'ris, premaxillary or incisive suture, an occasional suture running from the anterior palatine foramen in the intermaxillary suture forward and out- ward on either side to the interval between the canine and lateral incisor teeth; it marks the line of union of the premaxillary (when present) and the maxillary bones. 8. sagitta'lis [BNA], sagittal suture, line of union between the two parietal bones. G. serra'ta [BNA], serrate suture, one the opposing margins of which present deep saw-like indentations, as the frontal; it resembles a dentate suture, but the inden- tations are deeper and more irregular. 8. sphe'^noethmoid'ea, s. sphenoethmoida'lis [BNA], sphenoethmoidal suture, line of union between the crest of the sphenoid bone and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. 8. sphenofronta'lis [BNA], sphenofrontal suture, line of union between the orbital plate of the frontal and the two wings of the sphenoid on either side. 8. sphenomaxilla'ris [BNA], sphenomaxillary suture, an inconstant suture between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the body of the maxilla. s, spheno-orbita'lis [BNA], spheno-orbital suture, articulation between the orbital process of the palate bone and the outer surface of the body of the sphenoid. 8. sphenoparieta'lis [BNA], sphenoparietal suture, line of union of the lower border of the parietal with the upper edge of the great wing of the sphenoid. s. sphenosquamo'sa [BNA], sphenosquamous or sphenosquamosal suture, articulation of the great wing of the sphenoid with the squamous portion of the tem- poral bone. s. sphenozygomafica [BNA], sphenozygomatic suture, junction of the malar bone and greater wing of the sphenoid. 8. squamo'sa [BNA], (i) squamous or scale-like suture, one the opposing margins of which are scale- like and overlapping; (2) specifically, the squamosal or squamoparietal suture, articulation of the parietal with the squamous portion of the temporal bone. 8. squa*momastoid'ea [BNA], squamomastoid or mastosquamosal suture, line of union of the squamous and mastoid portions of the temporal bone, fused in early life. s. Bqaa''moparieta'U8. squamoparietal suture, b. squamosa (/s) SUTURA 977 SUTURE s. ve'ra, true suture, one whose opposing margins present well defined and truly interlocking projections. Sutures. A, Interrupted; B, continuous; C, glover's; D, mat- tress; E, quilled. s. zygomaticofronta'lis [BNA], zygomaticofrontal suture, line of union between the external angular or Lemkrt med structure viniting the opposed bones forming a cranial suture. sutura'tion. Sewing, stitching, the application of sutures. suture (su'chiir) [L. suiura, a seam.] i. A synar- throsis between two bones formed in membrane, the uniting medium (which tends to disappear eventually) being a fibrous membrane continuous with the periosteum; an anatomical suture. ■^. The surgical uniting of two surfaces by means of stitches. 3. The material, silk thread, catgut, wire, etc., by means of which the two sur- faces are kept in ap- position. 4. The seam so formed; a surgical suture. [For the anatomical sutures see suiura.] apposition s., a s. of the skin only, approxima'- twisted, flgure-op-8, or Harelip Suture. Goi//(/ dupui/tm Connell Cushing Porje-sfmg £puie/i Sutures. zygomatic process of the frontal and the frontal proc- ess o£ the malar bone. B. zygomaticomaxilla'ris [BNA], zygomaticomaxil- lary suture, articulation of the malar bone with the zy- gomatic process of the maxilla. B. zygomaticotempora'lis[B NA], zygomaticotemporal suture, line of junction of the zygomatic process of the temporal and the temporal process of the malar bone. su'tural. Relating to a sutilre in; any sense. " joint, suture (i). s. Ug'ament, th» fiK,-, 62 the fibrous tion s., one involving the deep tissues, buried s., a s. of the deeper tissues which is entirely covered when the cutaneous lips of the wound are approxi- mated, button s., one in which the threads are passed through the eyes of a button and then tied; used when there is danger of the threads cutting through the flesh, coapta'tion s., apposition s. cobbler's s., one made with a thread having a needle at each end. contin'uous SUTURE 978 SWELLING s., see cut. false s., sutura notha. figure-of-8 B., harelip s. glover's s., a, continuous suture in which each stitch is passed through the loop of the preceding one ; see cut. harelip s., a pin is passed through the lips of the wound at right angles to the line of incision and a thread is passed over the ends of the pin in the form of a figure-of-8. implant'ed s., a pin is passed through each lip of the wound parallel to the line of in- cision and the pins are then tied together. interrupt'ed b., see cut. Lembert 5., an inter- rupted intestinal s. passed in and out through the serous and mucous coats on one side of the wound and repeated on the other side, thus in- vaginating the lips of the wound and bringing the serous surfaces in contact; (2) a continuous s. passed in the same way as the interrupted s. mattress s., see cut. pin s., harelip s. quilled s., one in which the threads are tied over a quill on either side of the line of incision, to prevent tearing out when there is much tension ; see cut. quilted s., mattress s. relaxa'tion s., one so ar- ranged that it may be loosened if the tension of the wound becomes excessive, rubber s., a harelip s. in which a rubber band is slipped over the ends of the pin. shotted s., one in which the ends are fastened by passing through a split shot which is then compressed, spiral s., continuous s. subcutic'ular o., Halsted* s. (2). tension s., relaxation s. true s., sutura vera, twisted s., harelip s. uninterrupfed b., continuous s. Woelf'ler's s., see under Woelfler. Suwanee Sulphur Springs, Florida (su-waw'ne). Alkaline-calcic-sulphureted waters, 74° F. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of the blood, liver, and kidneys, nervous affections, dyspepsia, and rheumatism. The entire year. Suzanne's gland (su-zan') [Jean Georges Suzanne, French physician, *i859.] A small mucous gland in the floor of the mouth. svap'nia. Trade name of a preparation of opium, used in doses of gr. J-i (0.03-0.06). swab (swob). A tuft of cotton, ball of gauze, or' the like attached to the end of a stick or wire; used for cleansing cavities, applying remedies to the walls of cavities, or getting a bit of secretion for bacteriological examination. swage (swaj). i. A tool used for shaping metal, such as a die and counter-die. a. To shape by means of a swage, swallow (swol'o) [A.S. swelgan.] To pass anything through the fauces, pharynx, and esophagus into the stomach ; to perform deglutition. swamp'-fever. i. A disease of horses, sometimes called infectious anemia, due to a microorganism and marked by general debility, remittent fever, staggering gait, the voidance of large amounts of urine, progressive anemia, and loss of flesh ; the appetite, however, remains good, as a rule. 2. Malaria. swamp-itch. i. Water itch, uncinariasis cutis, :i. Pruritus of the legs occurring in lumber- men. swarm-cell. Zoogonidium. swarm-spore. One of a large number of active motile individuals resulting from the sporulation or multiple fission of the parent cell, ame'boid s.-s., amoebula. flag'ellated s.-s., flagellula. sway-back. Lordosis, or sinking down of the back, in horses. sweat (swet) [A.S. swdt.] i. Sudor, perspiration, especially sensible perspiration. 2. To per- spire. absence of, anhidrosis, adiaphoresis, adiapneustia, ana- phoresis, agent checking secretion, antisudoral, anti- sudorific, antihidrotic, anai)horetic, anhidrotic. agent promoting secretion, sudorific, diaphoretic, hidrotic, hydropoietic. bloody, hematidrosis, hzemathidrosis, transudation; menidrosis (vicarious menstruation). colored, chromidrosis, chromhidrosis; cyanhidrosis (blue): melanidrosis, melanephidrosis (black); melin- ephidrosis (yellow); galactidrosis (milky), disease of glands, hidronosus, hidrocryptosis; hidroadenitis (inflammation), excessive secretion, ephidrosis, hy- peridrosis, sudoresis, hidropedesis, hidrorrhea, diapho- resis, desudation; bromonyperidrosis (fetid), fetid, bromidrosis, osmidrosis, general, panhidrosis, pani- drosis, local, meridrosis. phosphorescent, phos- phoridrosis. producing, hidropoietic, hidrotic, hidro- phorous, sudorific, sudoriferous, sudoriparous; dia- phoretic; diapnoic (moderate), secretion of, suda- tion, perspiration, hidropoiesis, hidrotopoiesia, dia-* phoresis, hidrosis; h^hidrosis (deficient) ; diapnog, transpiration (insensible); paridrosis, hidrodermia; sudatoria (abnormal); chromidrosis (colored); hemi- diaphoresis, hemidrosis (unilateral); meridrosis (local), panhidrosis, panidrosis (general), suppression, anhi- drosis, anidrosis, hidroschesis, ischidrosis, oligidria; anaphoresis (partial), urinous, urhidrosis, uridrosis, sweat-gland. One of the tubular coil-glands in the corium and subcutaneous connective tissue, secreting sweat ; glandula sudoripara. sweating (swet'ing). i. Perspiring. 2. Causing profuse perspiration, bloody b., hemathidrosis. colliq'uative s., profuse clammy s. cd'ored s., chromhidrosis. exces'sive s., hyperhidrosis' fet'id s., bromhidrosis. phosphores'cent s., phos- phorhidrosis. profuse s., hidrosis, sudoresis, hyperhidrosis. scan'ty s., anhidrosis. sweat'ing-herb. Eupatorium. sweating-sick'ness. Miliary* fever (i). Swediaur's disease'. See Schwediauer. Swedish gymnas'tics. A series of systematized gymnastic exercises without apparatus, em- ployed for the correction of deformities and for other therapeutic measures; Lingism. S. leech, Hirudo medicinalis, S. movements, S. gym- nastics. swee'ny. Wasting of the muscles over the shoulder- blade of a horse, caused by a sprain or by a bruise from an ill-fitting collar. sweet [A.S. swete.'\ Having a. taste like that of sugar. B. almond, amygdala dulcis. s. orange, aurantium dulce. s. urine, diabetes, glycosuria. Bweet'bread. The thymus gland (neck s., throat s.) or the pancreas (stomach s. abdominal s.) of an animal used for food. Sweet Chalyb'eate Springs, Virginia. Calcic-chalyb- eate-carbonated waters, about 75° P. Four springs. Used by drinking and bathing in neuralgia, gastralgia, anemia, chlorosis, leucor- rhea, and other disorders. sweet-dock. Bistorta. Sweet Springs, Missouri. Muriated-saline-calcic- sulphureted waters, 54° F. Five springs. Used by drinking in diseases of the liver, kidneys, and bladder. A bathing establishment is supplied from a salt-sulphur spring, five miles away. swell-foot [Ger. schwellfuss.] Swelling and redness of the metatarsus, with pain and disability, due to sprain of the ligaments (syndesmitis metatarsea), and frequently detachment of them from thebones, chips of bone being torn off with the rupture. The trouble results from jumping or the strain of dancing or long marches, being especially produced, it is said, by the goose-step method of marching practised in the German army. swell'ing. An enlargement, a protuberance, a tumor, albu'minous s., cloudy* s. Cal'abar s., see Calabar, cloudy s., see under cloudy, glassy s., amyloid degeneration.* white s., tuberculous arthritis, especially of the knee. lETEN'S LIQUOR 979 SYME'S OPERATION iten's liq'uor or solu'tion (sve'ten) [Gerard van vieten, Dutch physician, 1700-1772.] A solu- an of bichloride of mercury 4, chloride of sodium id chloride of ammonium, each i, water 500. t-Ellis meth'od [Homer Pordyce Swift, New York lysician, *i88i; Arthur W. M. eIHs, New York lysician.] Salvarsanized* serum method. le [A.S. swin.] Hog, pig; a quadruped of the mily Suida. s. chol'era, hog* cholera. iS. diph- le'ria, hog* cholera, s. erysip'elas, rouget, specific, usually fatal infectious disease of vine, resembling a septicemia in its clinical )urse ; there are gastric hemorrhages with enlarge- ent of the spleen and parenchymatous in- immation of other internal organs, and a laracteristic eruption of red spots, later becom- ig brown, on the neck, bfeast, and abdomen ; the ithogenic microorganism has been thought to be acillus rhusiopathite suis. s. fat, lard, adeps.* fever, hog* cholera, s. pest, (i) s. plague; (2) 3g* cholera, s. plague, an infectious disease of vine caused by Bacillus suisepiicus; the pectoral irm is characterized by pleurisy with necrosis of ortions of the pulmonary tissue; another, the spticemic, form is marked by edema and redness E the skin, edema of the lungs, with fever, s. DX, see swinepox. lepoz. X. A disease of swine marked by cir- iimscribed phlegmons on the legs. 2. A form of liickenpox in which the vesicles are not umbili- ited. in'y. Sweeny, on. A faint, syncope. >'ma [G. syhoma; sykon, fig.] A pendulous fig- ke growth; a large soft wart. ose. Saccharin, benzosulphinidum.* j'sifonn. Resenibling sycosis. osis (si-ko'sis) [G. a fungous fig-like tumor; ykon, fig.] I. A pustular folliculitis of the «ard. 2. Hahnemann's term for the con- titutional effects of the gonorrheal virus. ii'poid s., a papular or pustular inflamma- ion of the hair-follicles of the beard, fol- Dwed by punctuate scarring and loss of the lair; ulerythema sycosiforme. non-parasit'ic ., s. vulgaris, s. contagio'sa, tinea* sycosis, s. rambcesifor'mis, s. nuchae necrotisans. s. nu'chae ecroti'sans, a pustular folliculitis, occurring at the =alp line at the back of the neck, resulting in ermanent scarring, s. staphylog'enes, s. vulgaris. . Tulga'ris, nonparasitic s., due to simple infec- ion with pus cocci, tin'ea s., parasitic s., ring- rorm of the beard, see under tinea. 'enham's chore'a [Thomas Sydenham, English ihysician, 1624-1689.] See chorea. S.'s lau'da- um, vinum* opii. ab'ic speech. Scanning* speech. 'able-stumbling. A form of stuttering in which lie patient halts before certain syllables which e finds difficult to enunciate. 'abus [G. syllabos; syllambano, I collect.] A list f the titles of a lecture course, or an abstract of he main points in a lecture or a book. epsiol'ogy [G. syllepsis, pregnancy, -I- -logia.] "he science which treats of conception and of the leriod of pregnancy. ep'sis. [G.] Pregnancy, res'ter's meth'od. See Silvester. 'vian. Relating to Franciscus or Jacobus lylvius* or to any of the structures described by ither of them . S. an'gle, the angle formed by the I. line and a line perpendicular to the horizontal )iane tangential to the highest point of the lemispliere. S. aq'ueduct, aquseductus cerebri. S. ar'tery, arteria cerebri media. S. fis'sure, fis- sura cerebri lateralis. S. fos'sa, fossa cerebri later- alis. S. gray matter, stratum griseum centrale. S. line, the line of the posterior limb of the s. fis- sure. S. os'sicle, processus lenticularis. S. point, the point of division of the s. fissure into its anterior, ascending, and posterior limbs. S. val- ley, vallecula Sylvii. S. valve. Eustachian valve, valvula* venae cavas inferioris. S. vein, vena cerebri media. S. ven'tricle, fifth ventricle of the brain, cavum septi pellucidi. syl'viduct. Syl\ ian aqueduct, aquaeductus* cerebri. Syl'vius [Franciscus Sylvius, Latinized form of Franfois Dubois (or de le Boe), anatomist of Leyden, 1614-1672.] All the cerebral structures defined under Sylvian were described by or named after this Sylvius. Syl'vius [Jacobus Sylvius, Latinized form of Jacques Dubois, French anatomist, 1478-1555.] The Sylvian* valve, Sylvian* ossicle, and caro* quadrata Sylvii were described by this Sylvius. sym'bion [G. syn, with, -|- bios, life, mode of living.] An organism associated with another in sym- biosis; commensal. symbio'sis [G. syn, with, + bios, life, mode of living.] The mutually advantageous association of two or more organisms; commensalism ; the growth together of the cholera bacillus, an ameba, and the lepra bacillus, although the latter cannot be cultivated alone, is an example of symbiosis. symbiote (sim'bi-ot) [G. syn, with, -t- bios, life.] 1. Portier's name for one of the alleged intra- cellular organisms supposed to be essential in the process of metabolism, and possibly the same as vitamines. ■^. Symbion. symbiot'ic. Relating to sjTnbiosis. symbleph'aron [G. syn, together, + blepharon, eye- lid.] Adhesion of one or both lids to the eyeball. ante'rior s., union between the lid and eyeball by a fibrous band not involving the fornix, com- plete' s., adhesion involving the entire surface between the lid and eyeball, par'tial s., anterior or posterior s., incomplete s. poste'rior s., ad- hesion between the eyeball and lid involving the fornix, total s., complete s. symblepharopterygium (sim-blef "ar-o-ter-ij'i-um) .] Union of the lid to the eyeball through the inter- vention of a pterygium-like growth. sym'bol [G. symbolon, a mark or sign.] i. A con- ventional sign serving as an abbreviation, such as the "Sf at the beginning of a prescription. 2. In chemistry an abbreviation (the initial and sometimes one other letter) of the Latin name of an element, expressing, in chemical formulaB, one atom of that element. symbo'lla [G. symbolon, a mark or sign.] The power of recognizing the form and nature of an object by touch. symbolism (sim'bo-lizm) . i. In psychoanalysis, a term expressing the manner of unconscious or subconscious thinking in a form in which it would be unrecognized by the consciousness. 2. A mental state in which everything that happens is regarded by the individual as sym- bolic of his own thoughts. symbolopho'bia [G. symbolon, mark or sign -|- phobos, fear.] A morbid fear of having a sym- bolical meaning attached to one's acts or words. Syme's opera'tion [James Syme, Scotch surgeon, 1 799-1890.] I. Amputation of the foot at the ankle-joint, the malleoli being sawn off, and a flap being made with the soft parts of the heel; see cut under amputation. 2. Excision of the tongue. 3 External urethrotomy. SYMELUS 980 SYMPHYSIS sym'elus. Symmelus. Sy'mington's anococcyg'eal body [Johnson Syming- ton, Scotch anatomist, contemporary.] A small mass of connective tissue and muscle between the coccyx and the anal canal. symme'lia [G. syn, with, + melos, limb.] Sireno- melia, sympodia.* symm'elus. Sirenomelus, sympus. symmet'ric, symmet'rical. Relating to or marked by symmetry, s. asphyx'ia, s. gan'grene, Ray- naud's* disease. symmetromania (sim'S-tro-ma'nJ-ah) [G. sym- metria, symmetry, + mania, madness.] An irresistible impulse to perform symmetrical actions such as moving both arms when motion of one only is intended. symm'etry [G. syn, with, + metron, measure.] Equality or correspondence in form of parts dis- tributed around a center or an axis, at the two extremities or poles, or on the two opposite sides of any body, inverse' s., correspondence of the right or left side of an asymmetrical individual to the left or right side of another. sympathec'tomy. Sympathetectomy. sympathetec'tomy [sympathetic + G. ektome, ex- cision.] Excision of a segment of a sympathetic nerve or of a sympathetic ganglion. sympathet'ic [G. syn, with, + pathos, suffering.] I. Relating to or exhibiting sympathy. 2. Noting the nerves of organic life. s. nervous system, systema nervonun sympathicum [BNA]. s. ophthaVmia, the occurrence of inflammation in one eye following disease in the other, not due to any apparent or direct contagion. sympathet"icoparalyt'ic. Noting paralysis of a sympathetic nerve. sympathet icotonia (sim-p^-thef'J-ko-to'nK-ah) . Sympathicotonia. sympathet "icoton'ic. Sympathicotonic. sympathetoblast (sim-pi-thet'o-blast) [sympathetic ganglion -|- G. blastos, sprout.] One of the prim- itive cells derived from the sympathetic ganglia which, with the pheochromoblasts, * enter into the formation of the medulla of the adrenal gland. sympath'ic. Sympathetic. sympathicopathy (sim-path-K-kop'S-thi) [L. sym- pathicus, sympathetic, -I- G. pathos, suffering.] A disease resulting from disordered action of the sympathetic nervous system. sympathicotonia (sim-path"i-ko-to'ni-ah) . A con- dition in which there is increased tonus of the sympathetic system and a marked tendency to vascular spasm and high blood pressure; opposed to vagotonia* sympathicotonic (sim-path"i-ko-ton'ik) . Relating to or characterized by sympathicotonia, i,e. in- creased tone in the arteries or vasoconstriction ' caused by action of the sympathetic nervous system. sympath'lcus. The sympathetic nervous system, systema* nervorum sympathicum. sympathicec'tomy. Sympathetectomy. sympathiconeuritis (sim-path'I-ko-nu-ri'(re')tis). In- flammation of the sympathetic nerves. sympath'icotrip"sy [sympathicus, sympathetic, + G. tripsis, a rubbing.] Operation of crushing the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. sympathicotropic (sim-path"i-ko-trop'ik) [G. tropikos from trope, a turning.] Having a special affinity for the sympathetic nerve. sym'pathism [G. sympaihcia, sympathy.] Sug- gestibility. sym'pathizer. An eye affected with sympathetic ophthalmia. sym'pathy [G. sympatheia; syn, with, -1- pathos, suffering.] i. The mutual relation, physiological or pathological, between two organs, systems, or parts of the body. 2. Mental contagion, as seen in the spread of chorea or other nervous disease through a school, the yawning induced by seeing another person yawn, etc. symperitoneal (sim-per-I-to-ne'al). Relating to the surgical induction of adhesion between two por- tions of the peritoneum, as in Talma's* operation. sympex'ion [G. sympexis, concretion.] A concretion of nitrogenous matter in the seminal vesicles. sympexis (sim-pek'sis) [G. concretion.] A term pro- posed by Heidenhain to denote thedeposition of red blood-cells according to the laws of surface tension. symphalangism (sim-fal'an-jizm) [G. syn, with, 4- phalanx + -ism.] i*. Syndactylism. 2. Anky- losis of the finger- or toe-joints. sym"phoricar'pus [G. symphoreo, I bear together, H- karpos, fruit.] Snowberry, waxberry, a plant of the elderberry family reputed to have diuretic properties. sym'phorol. A substance made by heating chloro- caffeine or bromocaffeine with anhydrous lithium, sodium, or strontium sulphite, the resultant being a white soluble powder, known as symphorol L, Na, or Sr, (or lithium, sodium, or strontium caffeine- sulphonate), according to the base; it is diuretic and recommended in fatty heart, renal diseases, and obesity in doses of gr 10-20 (o . 6-1 . 3). symphyocephalus (sim"fi-o-sef'al-us) [G. symphyes, grown together, + kephale, head.] Syncephalus,* monocephalus. symphyseal (sim-fiz'e-al). Relating to a symphysis. symphyseorrhaphy (sim-fiz-e-or'r&-fi) [G. symphysis + rhaphe, suture.] The fastening together of the parts of a divided symphysis. symphyseotome (sim-fiz'e-o-tom) [G. symphysis + tome, incision.] An instrument for use in sym- physeotomy. symphyseotomy (sim-fiz-e-ot'o-mJ) [symphysis{sym- physe-) + G. tome, cutting.] The operation of cutting through the symphysis pubis in order to enlarge the pelvic diameters. symphys'ic. Relating to a symphysis, symphyseal ; grown together, fused. symphysion (sim-fiz'i-on). A craniometric point, the most anterior point of the alveolar process of the mandible. Symphysis. symphysis, gen. symphys'eos (sim'fi-sis) [G. a growing together.] i. A form of synarthrosis (mixed synarthrosis) in which union between two bones is effected by means of fibrocartilage. 2. A union, meeting point, or commissure of any two struc- tures. 3. A pathological adhesion or growing to- gether, car'diac s., adhesion between the parie- ■ tal and visceral layers of the pericardium, s. mandib'ulSB, a vertical ridge in the center of the lower jaw, indicating the line of union of the two parts of which the bone is composed at birth, s. os'sium pu'bis [BNA], the line of union of the two pubic bones in the middle line of the pelvis SYMPHYSIS gSi SYNAPSE, SYNAPSIS anteriorly, s. sacrococcyge'a [BNA], the artic- tilation of the coccyx with the sacrum. symphysodactyl'ia [G. symphysis, fusion, + daktylos, finger.] Syndactylia, syndactylism, syndactyly. sym'phytum [G. symphyton.] Comfrey, bruisewort, slippery root ; the leaves and root of Symphytum officinale; employed as a vulnerary and as a de- mulcent and astringent in diarrhea and bronchitis. Symplocar'pus foet'idus. Dracontium.* sympo'dial. Relating to, or characterized by, a sym podium. sympo'dium [G. syn, together, + pous(pod), foot.] In botany, a false axis, an apparently continuous stem made up of successive branches from pre- ceding stems which are deflected from the axis at the point of branching. symp'tom [G. symptoma; syn, with, + pidma(pipid), fall.] Any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in function, appearance, or sen- sation, experienced by the patient and indicative of disease. For the various symptoms and varie- ties of symptoms, see below and also under phe- nom.enon, reflex, sign, and syndrome, ab'sti- nence s., withdrawal s. acciden'tal s., any mor- bid phenomenon occurring in the course of a disease, but having no relation with it. access'- ory s., ass'ident s., one which usually but not always accompanies a certain disease; distin- guished from a pathognomonic s. characteris'tic s., in homeopathy, a s. peculiar to or specially charac- teristic or pathognomonic of any drug, co-ncom'- itant s., accessory s. consec'utiTC s., one that ap- pears in the stage of decline or during convales- cence, having, however, no necessary connection with the original disease; an accidental sequel. constitu'tional »., a symptom indicating that the disease has become general, the toxins or other materies morbi being present in the blood, dis- socia'tion s., see dissociation, drug s., in home- opathy, one of the unusual sensations or deviations from normal health experienced by a person who is proving a drug; it offers an indication, accord- ing to the doctrine of similars, for the therapeutic employment of the drug, equiv'ocal s., one which points definitely to no special disease, being associated with any one of a number of morbid states, esophagosarivaty s., an excessive secretion of saliva occurring in certain cases of cancer of the esophagus, guiding »., character- istic s. induced' s., one excited by a drug, exer- cise, or other means — often intentionally for di- agnostic purposes, keynote s., characteristic s, local s., one of limited extent caused by disease of a particular organ or part, lo'calizing s., one in- dicating clearly the seat of the morbid process objec'tive s., one which is evident to the observer. pathogen'ic s., in homeopathy, one observed in the proving of a drug, and also one of the symp- toms of poisoning by a drug, pathognomon'ic s., one which, when present, points unmistakably to a certain definite disease, press'ure s., paraly- sis, spasm, or other nervous s., caused by pressure upon the spinal cord or brain, reflex s., a disturb- ance of sensation or function in an organ or part more or less remote from the morbid condition giving rise to it, as vertigo or headache due to eye- strain, signal s., the aura of epilepsy or other initial symptom of a convulsive or paralytic attack, subjec'tive s., one apparent only to the patient himself, sympathet'ic s., reflex s. withdraw'al symp'toms, abstinence symptoms, a group of morbid symptoms, predominently erethistic, occurring in a narcotic addict who is deprived of his accustomed dose of the drug. symptomat'ic. Relating to a symptom or symp- toms, indicative, s. anthrax, see anthrax. symp"tomatol'ogy [G. symptoma(sympidmat-), symp- tom, -I- -ology.l I. Semiology, the science of the symptoms of disease, their production, and the indications they furnish. 2. The aggregate of symptoms of a disease. symptomatolytic (simp 'to-mat "o-lit'ik) [G. symp- toma, symptom, -|- lytikos, able to dissolve.] Removing symptoms. symptom-com'plex. Complex (i), syndrome.* symptdmes complices (samp-tom' kon-ples') [F. accomplice or assisting symptoms.] In Roent- genography of the gastroenteric tract, a group of symptoms, recognized in part by the use of the Roentgen ray, usually by fluoroscopic examina- tion, wh'ch help to establish the diagnosis. symp'tom-group. Symptom-com- plex, syndrome.* symptomolytic (simp-to-mo-lit'- ik). Symptomatolytic. ' sympto'sis [G. syn, together, -I- piosis, a falling.] Marasmus; atrophy, either local or general. sympus (sim'poos) [G. syn, to- gether, -I- pous, foot.] Sireno- melus, a monster with lower ex- tremities fused, s. a'pus, s. di'- pus, s. mon'opus, a sirenomelus without feet, with both feet more or less distinct, and with but one foot respectively. Syms' trac'tor (simz) [Parker Syms, New York surgeon, *i86o.] A collapsible rubber bag attached to the extremity of a tube ; the tube is introduced into the stmpus Dipus. bladder through the perineal wound and the bag is inflated; traction now made brings the enlarged prostate into the wound where it is readilj' accessible. syn- [G. syn, with, together.] A prefix to words of Greek derivation, indicating together, with, joined; it corresponds to the Latin con-. synadelphus (sin-S,-del'fus) [G. syn, together, -\- adelphos, brother.] A twin monster with single head and trunk, but with four arms and four legs. synaesthe'sia. Synesthesia. synalgia (sin-al'ji-ah) [G. syn, with, -f- algos, pain. ] Reflex or referred pain ; pain felt at a part more or less remote from the seat of the causative lesion. synal'gic. Relating to or marked by reflex or referred pain. syn"anastomo'sis [G. syn, together.] An anasto- mosis between several blood-vessels. synanche (sin-an'ke) [G. sorethroat; syn, together, + ancho, I choke.] Cynanche. synan'them, synanthe'ma [G. syn, together, + anthed, I blossom.] An exanthem consisting of several different forms of eruption. synaphymenitis (sin-a-fi-me-ni'(ne')tis) [G. synaptos, joined, -f- hymen, membrane, + -itis.'\ Con- junctivitis. synapse, synapsis (sin-aps', sin-ap'sis) [G. a binding together.] i. The gathering of the chromatin into a tangled skein at one side of the nucleus dur- ing the prophase of heterotypical division of the nucleus of a sex-cell, forming the union of chromo- somes in pairs, thereby effecting the reduction of chromosomes. 2. The close approximation of, or contact between, the processes of different neurons. SYNAPTASE 982 SYNDACTYLIA, SYNDACTYLISM synaptase (sin-ap'taz) [G. synapto, I join (because forming as it were a union between amygdalin and water).] Emulsin. synap'tic. Relating to synapsis, s. phase, synap- sis (i). synarthro'dia. Synarthrosis. synarthro'dial. Relating to synarthrosis; noting an immovable articulation between two bones. synarthrophysis (sin-ar"thro-fi'sis) [G. syn, together, + arihron, joint, + physis, growth.] The process of ankylosis. synarthro'sis, pi. synarthro'ses [G. syn, together, + arthrosis, articulation.] A fixed articulation; union of two bones without an intervening joint cavity and without the possibility of movement of one on the other. The chief varieties of synarthrosis are known as synchondrosis, syndes- mosis (suture), and symphysis, or mixed synar- throsis. Gomphosis and schindylesis are also varieties of synarthrosis. synathre'sis, synathroe'sis [G. synathroisis, a gather- ing together.] i. Congestion. 2. Bier's method of induced hyperemia. syncaryon (sin-kar'i-on) [G. syn, together, -I- karyon, kernel (nucleus).] The nucleus formed by the fusion "of the two pronuclei in caryogamy. syncephalus (sin-sef'&-lus) [G. syn, together, 4- kephale, head.] A double monster having a single head with two bodies; symphyocephalus, monocephalus : cf. craniopagus, janiceps. synchilia (sin-ki'H-ah) [G. syn, together, + cheilos, lip.] A more or less complete adhesion of the lips, atresia of the mouth. synchiria (sin-ki'rJ-ah) [G. syn, together, + cheir, hand.] A form of dyschiria in which the subject refers a stimulus applied to one side of the body to both sides. synchondroseotomy (sin-kon-dro-se-ot'o-ml) [syn- chondrosis + G. tome, cutting.] Operation of cutting through a synchondrosis; specifically Trendelenburg's operation, cutting through the sacroiliac ligaments and forcibly closing the arch of the pubes in the treatment of exstrophy of the bladder. synchondrosis, pi. synchrondro' ses (sin-kon-dro'sis) [G. syn, together, + chondros, cartilage, + -osis.] A synarthrosis between two bones formed in cartilage, the uniting medium being hyaline cartilage which tends to disappear with the advance of ossification, s. arycornicula'ta [BNA], the junction of the cartilage of San- torini with the arytenoid, s. epiphy'seos, epi- physeal line, a layer of unossified cartilage unit- ing the epiphysis and the diaphysis or shaft of a Jong bone, disappearing at maturity, when the two parts become one bone. s. intersphenoida'- lis [BNA], a layer of cartilage separating the two halves of the body of the sphenoid in the new- born, s. intraoccipita'lis ante'rior [BNA], car- tilaginous union in the new-born between the lateral and the basilar portions of the occipital bone. s. intraoccipita'lis poste'rior [BNA], cartilaginous union between the squama and the lateral portions of the occipital, s. petrooccip- Ita'lis [BNA], fibrocartilage filling the petro- occipital fissure, s. sphenooccipita'lis [BNA], cartilaginous union in the new-born between the body of the sphenoid and the basilar portion of the occipital, s. sphenopetTo'sa [BNA], spheno- petrous or sphenopetrosal s., fibrocartilage filling the sphenopetrosal fissure, s. sterna'lis [BNA], sternal synchondrosis, the cartilaginous line of junction between the manubrium and body of the sternum. synchondrotomy (sin-kon-drot'o-ml). Symphyse- otomy. synchopexia (sin-ko-peks'J-ah) . Tachycardia. synchronism (sin'kro-nizm) [G. syn, together, -H chronos, time.] Occurrence of two or more events at the same time; the condition of being simultaneous. synchronous (sin'kro-nus) [G. syn, together, -I- chronos, time.] Occurring simultaneously. synchysis (sin'ki-sis) [G. a mixing together.] A fluid condition of the vitreous humor of the eye. s. scintill'ans, an appearance of glistening spots in the eye, due usually to cholesterin crystals floating in an abnormally fluid vitreous. syncinesis (sin-sin-e'sis) [G. syn, with, + kinesis, movement.] Synkinesis, involuntary movement accompanying a voluntary one ; as the movement of a closed eye following that of the uncovered one, or the movement occurring in a paralyzed muscle accompanying motion in another part. syacineVic. Relating to or marked by syncinesis. syn'clinal [G. syn, together, + klind, I incline.] No- ting two structures inclined one toward the other. synclit'ic. Relating to or marked by synclitism. synclitism (sin'kU-tizm) [G. syn, together, -|- klisis, an inclining.] A condition of parallel- ism between the planes of the fetal head and of the pelvis, respectively. syn'clonus [G. syn, together, + klonos, a tumult.] Clonic spasm or tremor of several muscles. syncoelom (sin-se'lom) [G. syn, together, -f- caslom.] The aggregate of perivisceral spaces — the peri- cardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities and the tunicas vaginales. syn'copal. Relating to syncope. syncope (sin'k6-pe) [G. synkope, a cutting short, a swoon.] Fainting, a swoon; ct sudden fall of blood-pressure or failure of the cardiac systole, resulting in cerebral anemia and more or less complete loss of consciousness, cat s., ailuro- phobia. laryn'geal s., laryngeal vertigo.* lo'cal s., limited numbness in a. part, especially of the fingers; one of the symptoms, usually as- sociated with local asphyxia, of Raynaud's* disease, s. angino'sa, primary cardiac angina pectoris, the cardiac spasm being due to stenosis or occlusion of the coronary arteries. syncop'ic. Syncopal. syncy'anin. The pigment formed by the Bacillus syncyaneus, a non-pathogenic species found in water. syncytial (sin-sit'i-al). Relating to a sjmcytium; formed of a multinucleated protoplasmic mass without apparent division into cells. syncytiolysin (sin-si t-I-ol'i-sin). A cytolysin formed in response to injections of emulsions of placental tissue. syncytioma (sin-sit-I-o'mah). Deciduoma, chori- oma.* s. benig'num, chorioma benignum. s. malig'num, chorioma malignum. syncytiotozin (sin-sit"I-o-toks'in). A cytotoxin spe- cific for the cells of the syncytium. syncytium (sin-sitl-ura) [G. syn, with, -I- kytos, a hollow (cell).] I A multinucleated protoplas- mic mass, seemingly an aggregation of several cells but without any perceptible cell-outlines. 2. A nucleated protoplasmic membrane, without cell-outlines, lining the blood lacunae of the pla- centa; placental Plasmodium. syndac'tyl, syndac'tyle. Syndactylous. syndactyl'ia, syndac'tylism, syndac'tyly [G. syn, together, -I- daktylos, finger.] A growing together, or fusion, usually congenital, of two or more fingers or toes. SYNDACTYLIZED 983 SYNORCHIDISM syndac'tylized. Fused or grown together, having reference to two or more fingers or toes. syndac'tylous. Having fused or webbed fingers or toes. syndac'tylus. A person with fused or webbed fingers or toes. syndec'tomy [G. syndesmos, a conjunction (conjunc- tiva), + ektome, excision.] Peritomy, excision of a ring of conjunctiva around the periphery of the cornea. syndel'phus. Synadelphus. syndesmectopia (sin-dez-mek-to'pi-ah) [G. syn- desmos, ligament, + ektopos, out of place.] Dis- placement of a ligament. syndesmitis (sin-dez-mi'(me')tis) [G. syndesmos, a, ligament, conjunction (conjimctiva), -I- -itis.'] 1. Inflammation of a ligament. 2. Conjunctivi- tis, s. metatar'sea, inflammation of the meta- tarsal ligaments occurring in swell*-foot. syndesmography (sin-dez-mog'ra-fi) . [G. syn- desmos, ligament, + grapke, a description.] A treatise on or description of the ligaments. syndesmology (sin-dez-mol'o-jl) [G. syndesmos, liga- ment, -t- -logia.} The branch of anatomy which has to do with the ligaments. syndesmoma (sin-dez-mo'mab) [G. syndesmos, liga- ment, conjunction (connective tissue), -H -oma.l A connective-tissue tumor. syndes"mo-odon'toid joint. The posterior atlan- ■toepistrophic articulation, between the anterior surface of the transverse ligament of the atlas and the back of the odontoid process of the epis- tropheus (axis). syndesmosis (sin-dez-mo'sis) [G. syndesmos, liga- ment.] A synarthrosis in which opposing sur- faces are imited by fibrous connective tissue; as the union between the lower ends of the tibia and fibula, s. tibiofibula'ris [BNA], tibiofibular syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular articulation. 5. tyin"panostape'dia [BNA], t3rmpanostapedial junc- tion, the connection of the base or footpiece of the stapes with the vestibular or oval window. syndesmot'omy [G. syndesmos, ligament, + tome, incision.] i. The surgical division of a ligament. 2. The anatomy of the ligaments. syndrome (sin'drom) [G. syndromos, a running to- gether, a meeting.] The aggregate of symptoms associated with any morbid process, and consti- tuting together the picture of the disease. The term is employed especially, though not exclu- sively, in relation to the grouped symptoms of disease of the central nervous system. See also sign and symptom. For a definition of the vari- ous syndromes see under the qualifying word. syndrom'ic. Relating to a. syndrome. synechia (sin-ek'J-ah, sin-g-ki'ah) [G. synecheia, continuity.] Any adhesion; specifically adhe- sion of the iris to the cornea {anterior s.) or to the capsule of the lens {posterior s.). an'nular s., adhesion of the entire pupillary margin of the iris to the capsule of the lens, total s., adhesion of the entire surface of the iris to the lens capsule. synechotome (sin-ek'o-tom). A small knife for use in synechotomy. synechotomy(sin-S-kot'o-ml) [G. synecheia, synechia, -I- tome, incision.] Division of the adhesions in synechia. synectenterotomy [G. synektos, held together, -t- enteron, intestine, -I- tome, incision.] The separation of intestinal adhesions. synencephalocele (sin-en-sef'al-o-sel) [G. syn, to- gether, + enkephalos, brain, -t- kele, hernia.] Protrusion of brain substance through a defect in the skull, with adhesions preventing reduction. synenceph'alus [G. syn, together, -t- enkephalos, brain.] Syncephalus. synerget'ic (sin-tir-jet'ik) [G. synergetikos.] Work- ing together, noting especially the cooperative action of certain muscles. syner'gic. Synergetic. syn'ergist. i. An adjuvant, a remedy which aids the action of another. 2. A muscle which assists another in its action ; the flexor muscles of a part, for example, are sjTiergists one of another. synergis'tic. Synergetic. synergy (sin'ur-jl) [G. synergia; syn, together, -I- ergon, work.] Cooperation in action. synesthesia, synsesthesia (sin-es-the'zi-ah) [G. syn, together, -t- aisthesis, sensation.] A condition in which a stimulus, in addition to exciting the usual and normally located sensation, gives rise to a sub- jective sensation of different character or locali- zation ; color-hearing and color-taste are forms of synesthesia, s. al'gica, painful s. synesthesialgia (sin-es-the-zi-al'ji-ah) [synesthesia + G. algos, pain.] Synesthesia algica. syngamous (sin'gam-us) [G. syn, with, -(- gamos, marriage.] Noting the theory that the sex of the future individual is determined at the time of fertilization of the ovum; see epigamous and progamous. Syn'gamus. A genus of nematode worms, parasitic in many animals. S. trachea'lis, Sclerosioma syngamus, a parasite of the trachea of fowls, causing the disease called gapes. syn'gamy [G. syn, with, + gamos, marriage.] Con- jugation of cells ; sexual reproduction. syngen'esis [G. syn, together, -t- genesis, produc- tion.] I. Sexual reproduction. 2. The doctrine that in each sexual cell are contained the germs of all future generations of cells that may be derived from it. syngenet'ic. Relating to syngenesis. syngen'ic [G. syngenes, congenital.] i. Congenital. 2. Reproduced by the vmion of both sexual elements, syngenetic. syngignoscism (sin-jig'no-sizm) [G. syngignosho, I agree with. Hypnotism; suggestion. synize'sis [G. a falling in.] i. Closure or obliter- ation of the pupil. 2. The massing of chromatin at one side of the nucleus which occurs usually at the beginning of synapsis. synkar'yon. Syncaryon. synkine'sis. Syncinesis. synneurosis (sin-nu-ro'sis) [G. syn, with, -t- neuron, tendon.] Syndesmosis, ligamentary union of bones. synocha (sin'o-kah) [G. synochos, lasting.] Febris synocha, a continued fever. synochal (sin'o-kal). Noting a con|;inued fever. synochus (sin'o-kus) [G. synochos, lasting.] A con- tinued fever. synococcus (sin-o-kok'kus) [G. syn, with.] A microorganism frequently associated with the gonococcus. synol (si'nol). Trade name of a liquid antiseptic soap. synophrys (sin-of'ris) [G. syn, together, -|- ophrys, eyebrow.] The growing together of the eye- brows. synophthal'mia [G. syn, together, -H ophihalmos, eye.] Cyclopia, congenital fusion of the eyes. synophthal'mus [G. syn, together, -I- ophthalmos, eye.] Cyclops. synorchidism, synorchism (sin-or'kl-dizm, sin-or'- kizm) [G. %yn, together, -t- orchis, testis.] Con- genital fusion of the testes in the abdominal cavity. SYNOSCHEOS 984 SYPHILINUM synoscheos (sin-os'ke-os) [G. syn, together, + osche, scrotum.] Partial or complete adhesion of the penis and scrotum, a malfomiation in hemaphroditism. synosteorogy [G. syn, together, + osteon, bone, + -logia.] Arthrology. synosteo'sis [G. syn, together, + osteon, bone.] 1. Synostosis, bony ankylosis. 2. Synarthrosis. synosteot'omy [G. syn, together, + osteon, bone, + tome, incision.] Arthrotomy. synosto'sis. Synosteosis. • synotia (sin-o-shl-ah). Fusion of the ears in ag- nathia.* syno'tus [G. syn, together, + ous(dt-), ear.] An agnathous monster with fused ears, otocephalus. synovectomy (si-no-vek'to-mi) [synovia + G. eklome, excision.] Exsection of a portion or all of the synovial membrane of a joint. synovia (si-no'vi-ah) [G. syn, together, + L. ovum, egg.] Joint-oil, a clear viscid fluid secreted by a synovial membrane, the function of which is to lubricate the joint or the surfaces of an enclosed tendon, or to serve as a water-pad in a bursa. It consists mainly of mucin with some albumin, fat, epithelium, and leucocytes. synovial (si-no'vi-al) . Relating to, containing, or consisting of S3movia. s. bursa, bursa mucosa, b. capsule, stratum synoviale. s. crjrpt, a diverticuliun of the synovial membrane of a joint, s. cyst, a tumor caused by the ac- cumulation of synovia in a bursa, a s. crypt, or ■ the sac of a synovial hernia, s. fluid, synovia. s. fold, plica synovialis. s. frenum, frenulum synoviale. s. fringe, plica synovialis. h. glands, Havers's* glands, s. hernia, protrusion of a fold of the stratum synoviale through a rent in the stratum fibrosum of a joint capsule. s. lig'ament, one of the large synovial folds in a joint, s. membrane, see membrane, s. sheath, vagina mucosa, s. tuft, villus syno- vialis. syno'vin. One of two mucinous substances present in synovia. synoviparous (si-no-vip'&-rus) [synovia + L. parere, to produce.] Producing synovia; syno- vial. synovitis (si-no-vi'(ve')tis). Inflammation of a synovial membrane, especially that of a joint, arthromeningitis ; in general, when unqualified, the same as arthritis, bursal s., bursitis, dry s., s. with but little serous or purulent effusion. fungous s., fimgous arthritis.* pu'rulent s., suppurative s. serous s., s. with a large effusion of non-purulent fluid; hydrarthrosis, hydrops articuli. supp'urative a., suppurative arthritis, pyarthrosis, empyema articuli. s. sicca, dry s. ten'dinous s., vag'inal s., inflammation of a tendon sheath, tenosynovitis, vibra'tion s., inflamma- tion of a joint caused by the passage of a bullet or other missile through the soft parts in its immediate vicinity without wound of the joint itself. syntax'is [L, syn, together, + taxis, arrangement.] Articulation. synteno'sis [G. syn, with, -I- tenon, tendon.] A hinge-joint largely guarded by tendons, as one of the phalangeal articulations. syntere'sis [G. close observation.] Prophylaxis. syntex'ls [G. syntexis, a melting together.] Emaci- ation, wasting, phthisis. synthermal (sin-thur'mal) [G. syn, together, -f- therme, heat.] Having the same temperature. syn'thesis [G. syn, together, -I- thesis, a putting, arranging.] In chemistry the formation of com- pounds by the union of simpler compounds or elements. synthet'lc. Relating to or made by synthesis. syn'thetize. To make synthetically. syn'tonin [G. syntonos, strained tight.] Acid- albumin. syntoxoid (sin-toks'oyd) [G. syn, with.] A toxoid having the same degree of affinity for an anti- toxin that the toxin has. syntrip'sis [G. a, shattering.] A comminuted frac- ture, or its production. syn'trophus [G. syntrophos, brought up or nursed together.] A congenital disease. syntrop'ic £G. syn, together, -I- tropikos, turning.] In anatomy, noting a, number of similar struc- tures inclined in one general direction, as the spinous processes of a series of vertebrae, or the ribs. synulo'sis [G. synoulosis."] Cicatrization. synulot'ic. i. Promoting cicatrization. 2. An agent which promotes healing. syphilelco'sis [G. helkdsis, ulceration.] Syphilitic ulceration. syphilel'cus [G. helkos, ulcer.] A syphilitic ulcer. syphilemia (siph-il-e'ral-ah) [syphilis + G. haima, blood.] Constitutional syphilis; presence of the specific organism in the blood stream. syphilide (sif'il-ed) [Pr.] Syphiloderma, any of the cutaneous lesions of syphilis, acne'iform s., pus- tular s. acu'mrnate pap'ular s., follicular s. an'- nular s., a syphilitic eruption of large papules spreading peripherally while healing in the center, or of circinate groups of papules, bullous s., a bul- lous eruption arising from the enlargement of the lesions of a pustular s. coiym'bose s., a syphilitic eruption consisting of a large central papule sur- rounded by a more or less complete ring of smaller papules, ecthy'matous s., pustular s. erythem'atous s., syphilitic roseola, flat pap'- ular s., lenticular s. follic'ular s., a small conical papular eruption around the hair- follicles in syphilis, frambe'sioid »., vegetating s. gum'matous 5., gumma, herpet'iform s., vesicular s. lentic'ular s., an eruption of flat- tened papules, up to the size of a pea or larger, in syphilis, mac'ular s., syphilitic roseola, mil'- iary pap'ular s., follicular s. nod'ular s., cutane- ous gummata. pal'mar s., any syphilitic eruption of the palnis. pap'ular s., see follicular s. and lentictdar s. pem'phigoid s., bullous s. pig'- mentary s., a syphilitic eruption consisting of rounded white patches surrounded by a layer of pigmentary deposit, plan'tar s., any sjrphilitic eruption of the soles of the feet, pus'tular s., a pustular eruption supervening upon a papular s. ru'pial H., rupia. sec'ondary s., one of the skin lesions of secondary syphilis, serpig'inous s., an lUcerating tubercular s. spreading on one side while being replaced by thin scar tissue on the other, ter'tiary s., a syphilitic skin lesion peculiar to the third stage of the disease, tuber'cular s., cutaneous gummata. varicel'liform s., vesicular s. varioliform s., pustular s. veg'etating s., an eruption consisting of warty vegetations spring- ing from moist papules or other lesions of syphilis. vesic'ular s., an eruption of small vesicles topping the lesions of a papular syphilide. syphilidog'raphy. Syphilography. syph'lUn. An old term for the then unknown materies morbi or contagious principle of syphilis. syphili'num. A homeopathic attenuation of the syphilitic virus. SYPHILIONTHUS 98s SYRINGOENCEPHALOMYELIA sypbilion'thus [syphilis + ionthos, the acne of adolescence.] A copper colored syphilide with branny scales. syphilipho'bia. Syphilophobia. syphilis (sif i-lis) [fancifully and incorrectly derived (according to tradition) from G. sys, hog, + philos, loving; or syn, -with, + philos, loving.] An infectious disease spread by inoculation through sexual intercourse and also largely through the medium of contaminated table utensils, pipes, towels, etc. After an incuba- tion period of 12 to 20 days, the first symptom is the chancre,* followed by slight fever and other constitutional symptoms, and a skin eruption of various appearances with mucous patches; this constitutes the second stage. The third stage is marked by the formation of gummata. The specific organism is Treponema pallidum (Spirochizia pallida), con- gen'ital s., s. hereditaria, equine s., dourine. pri'mary s., the first stage of the disease from the development of the chancre to the appearance of the eruption, sec'ondary s., the second stage of the disease, beginning with the appearance of the eruption and lasting an indefinite period. quater'nary s., parasyphilis. s. d'emblfie (don- bla') [Fr. right away], s. occurring without an initial sore. s. heredita'ria, hereditary s., o. present in a child at the time of birth, s. heredita'ria tar'da, s., supposed to be hereditary or congenital, which does not manifest itself Tm.til several years after birth, s. innocen'tium, s. inson'tium [L. s. of the innocent], syphilis acquired in other ways than by coitus or other sexual practices, as may occur through the com- mon use of table instruments, public drinking cups, lavatory towels, etc. s. oeconom'ica, s. insontium in which infection occurs through the medium of table utensils, towels, and other articles of domestic use. ter'tiary s., the final stage of the disease, of indefinite beginning and ending, marked by the formation of gummata. S3T)hiUt'ic. Relating to, caused by, or suffering from syphilis, s. fever, the elevation of tempera ture often present in the early roseolous stage of secondary syphilis. syphiliza'tion. Inoculation with the pus of a chan- cre, practised ineffectually as a prophylactic or curative measure. syph'ilize. To infect with syphilis, to practise syphilization. syphiloderm, syphiloderma, pi. syphiloder'mata. (sif'il-o-durm, sif-il-o-dur'mah) [syphilis + G- derma, skin.] Syphilide. syphiloder'matous. Relating to a syphilitic skin lesion. syphilodol (sif 'il-o-dol) . Trade name of a sub- stance compounded of silver, arsenic, and anti, mony, offered for the treatment of syphilis, yaws and various protozoal diseases as a substitute for salvarsan and similar substances; a yellow powder of acid reaction, soluble in water, or yel- lowish brown tablets; administered by intra- venous injection and per os. syphilogen'esis, sjrphilogeny (sif-il-oj'en-J) [syphilis + G. genesis, production.] The origin and pro- gressive course of syphilis. syphilog'rapher. A writer on syphilis. syphilog'raphy [syphilis + G. graphs, a description.] A treatise on or description of syphilis. syphiloid (sif'il-oyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling syphilis. syphilologist (sif-il-ol'o-jist). i. One versed in the knowledge of syphilis. 2. A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. syphilol'ogy [syphilis + -ology.] The branch of medical science which has to do with syphilis in all its relations, syphilo'ma. A syphilitic tumor, gumma. syphilo'matous. Relating to a syphiloma, gumma- tous. syphiloma'nia. Syphilophobia. syphilomyces (sif'hite 2.25, quinine i.i, strychnine 0.1 15, sodium itrate 3.7s, diluted hypophosphorous acid 15, sugar 700, glycerin so, water to make 1000; dose, 3i-4 (4-0~ 16.0). s. iodotann'icus (N.P.), syrup of iodotannin; iodine, 2.7; tannic acid, S-4; sugar, 800; distilled water, 800; dose, 3 1 (4-0). B. ipecacuaa'hffi (U.S.), syrup of ipecac; fiuidextract of ipecac 70, acetic acid 10, glycerin 100, sugar 700, water to make 1000; adult emetic dose 3i-i (iS-o- 30.0), expectorant n]j2o-6o (1.3—4,0). s. ipecacuan'hee et o'pii (N.F.), syrup of ipecac and opium, syrup of Dover's powder; tincture of ipecac and opium with cinnamon, each dose of 3 1 C4.0) represent- ing gr. s (0.3) of Dover's powder. s. krame'rise (N.F.), syrup of krameria, or of rhat- any; fiuidextract of krameria 450, syrup 550; dose, 32-4 (8.0-16.0). B. lactuca'rii (U.S.), syrup of lactucarium; tincture of lactucarium 100, glycerin 200, citric acid i, orange- flower water 50, syrup to make 1000; dose 32—4 (8.0-16.0). 8. limo'nis (Br.), syrup of lemon; fresh lemon peel I, 90 per cent, alcohol 2, lemon juice 25, sugar 38; employed as a flavor, and diluted to make lemonade. s. man'nae (P.G., N.F.), syrup of manna; each dose of 32 (8.0) contains gr. 15 (i.o) of manna. 8. morphl'nae compos'itus, compound syrup of mor- phine; each dose of 3i (4-o) contains morphine sul- phate gr. ^ (o .002), fiuidextract of ipecac nir| (o .008), fiuidextract of senega vji6 (0.4), fiuidextract of rhubarb itRi (0.06), fiavored with oil of sassafras; expectorant. 8. morphi'nse et aca'cige (N.F.), syrup of morphine and acacia, pectoral syrup, Jackson's pectoral syrup; each dose of 3i C4-o) contains morphine sulphate gr. 3^ (0 .002) in syrup of acacia flavored with oil of sassa- fras. s. morphi'nse sulpha'tis, syrup of morphine sulphate; each dose of SJ C2.0) contains gr. iV (0-004) of this salt. 8. papav'eris (N.F.), syrup of poppy; each dose of 3i (2.0) contains about TI528 (1.7s) tincture of poppy. s. phospha'tum compos'itus (N.F.) , compound syrup of phosphates, chemical food; each dose of 3i (4-0) contains calcium phosphate gr, 2 (0.13), ammonium phosphate and iron phosphate each gr. i (0.06), and also potassium and sodium phosphates; nutrient tonic. s. phospha'tum cum quini'na et strychni'na (N.F.), syrup of phosphates with quinine and strychnine ; each dose of 5 1 (4-o) contains quinine hydrochloride gr. i (0.015), strychnine sulphate gr. iJ^ (0.0005), ferric phosphate gr. i (o . 06) , with citrophosphates of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. 8. pi'cis liq'uidse (U.S.), syrup of tar; tar 5, alcohol so, magnesium, carbonate 10, sugar 850, water to make 1000; dose, 3 1-4 (4.0-16.0). 8. pi'ni stro'bi compos'itus (N.F.), compound syrup of white pine; white pine bark and wild cherry, each 85, aralia and balsam poplar buds, each 10, sanguinaria 8, sassafras 7, cudbear i, chloroform 6, sugar 650, glycerin 100, oil of sassafras 0.2, alcohol and water of each enough to make 1000; dose, $1 (4.0). 8. pi'ni stro'bi compos'itus cum morphi'na (K.F.), compound syrup of white pine with morphine; mor- phine sulphate o . 4, compound syrup of white pine i coo ; dose, 10130 (2.0). B. pru'ni virginia'nee (U.S., Br.), syrup of wild cherry, syrup of Virginian prune; wild cherry 150, sugar 700, glycerin 150, water to make 1000; dose, 3 1-4 (4-0-16.0). 8. quinidi'nce (N.F.), syrup of quinidine, bitterless syrup of quinidine; each dose of 5 1 (4.0) contains gr. 2 (0.13) of this alkaloid. B. rham'ni cathar'ticae (N.F.), syrup of rhamnus cathartica, syrup of buckthorn berries, s. spinse cervinae (P.O.); each dose of 32 (8.0) contains 3i (4.0) of the fermented juice of buckthorn berries; laxative. 8. rhe'i (U.S., Br.), syrup of rhubarb; fiuidextract of rhubarb 100, spirit of cinnamon 4, potassium carbo- nate 10, water 50, syrup to make 1000 (U.S.); rhubarb root 2, coriander 2, sugar 24, 90 per cent, alcohol 8, distilled water 24 (Br.); dose for young children, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). B. rhe'i aromaficus (U.S.), aromatic syrup of rhu- barb, spiced syrup of rhubarb; aromatic tincture of SYRUPUS SYSTEM rubarb 150, potassium carbonate 1, syrup 850; dose 3 1-2 {4.0-8.0). B. rhe'i et potas'sffi compos'itus, compound syrup of rhubarb and potassa, now called mistura rhei alkalina (N.P.). 8. rhoe'ados (Br.), syrap of red poppy; red poppy petals 13, sugar 36, alcohol ai, distilled water 20; dose, 3J-I (2.0-4.0). s. ro'ssB (N.F., Br.), syrup of rose; fluidextract of rose I2S, diluted sulphuric acid 10, sugar 750, water to make 1000 (U.S.); dried red-rose petals 2, sugar 30, water 20 (Br.); used as a flavor. s. ru'bi (N.F.), syrup of rubus, or of blackberry- bark; fluidextract of rubus 250, syrup 730; used in diarrhea in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). s. ru'bi aromat'icus, aromatic syrup of blackberry; each dose of 3 2 (8.0) represents blackberry root gr. is (1 .0) with allspice, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg; used in diarrhea. s. ru'bi fruc'tus (N.F.), blackberry syrup, syrup of blackberry fruit. B. ru'bi idoB'i (N.F.), raspberry syrup. s. sanguina'rise (N.F.), syrup of sanguinaria or blood root; each dose of 3i (2-0) represents gr. 6 (0.4) of sanguinaria. s. sarsaparil'lae compos'itus (U.S.), compound syrup of sarsaparilla, s. sudorificus; fluidextract of sarsa- parilla 200, fluidextract of licorice 15, fluidextract of senna 15, oil of sassafras 0.2, oil of anise 0.2, oil of gaul- theria 0.2, sugar 650, water to make 1000; used as a vehicle for potassium iodide, in doses of 3 1-4 (4.0—16.0). s. scil'lse (U.S., Br.), syrup of squill, s. aceti scillae, syrup of the vinegar of squill; vinegar of squill 450, sugar 800, water to make 1000 (U.S.) ; vinegar of squill 20, sugar 38 (Br.); dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). s. scil'lae compos'itus (U.S.), compound syrup of squill, fluidextract of squill 80, fluidextract of senna 80, antimony and potassium tartrate 2, purified talc 20, sugar 750, water to make 1000; expectorant and diaphoretic in doses of lll!20-30 (i. 3-2^0). B. sen'egce (U.S.), syrup of senega; fluidextract of senega 200, syrup 800; dose 3 1—2 (4.0-8.0). s. sen'nfie (U.S., Br.), syrup of senna; fluidextract of senna 250, oil of coriander 5, syrup to make looo (U.S.); alcoholic extract from senna 40 ounces, sugar so, oil of coriander 10 minims (Br.); dose 3i-2 (2.0-8.0). 8, sen'nee aromat'icus (N.P.), each dose of 32 (8.0) contains fluidextract of senna HJis (i.o), jalap gr. 3 (0.2), rhubarb gr. i (0.06), with cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and oil of lemon. B. sen'nse compos'itus (N.F.), compound syrup of senna; each dose of 32 (8.0) contains fluidextract of senna lljis (i.o), fluidextracts of rhubarb and of frangula each 11134 (0.25), flavored with wintergreen. 8. sim'plex, simple syrup, syrupus (U.S., Br.). B. Bo'dii hypophoBphi'tis (N.F.), syrup of sodium hypophosphite; each dose of 3i (4.0) contains gr. 2 (0.13) of this salt. B. spi'nfle cervi'nae (P.G.), syrup of buckthorn, is similar to s. rhamni catharticse (N.F.). B. stillin'gise compos'itus (N.F.), each dose of 3i (4.0) is equivalent to compound fluidextract of stil- lingia (N.F.)lll!iS (1.0); alterative. B. sudorificus, s. sarsaparillae compositus (U.S.). B. toluta'nuB (U.S., Br.), syrup of tolu; tincture of tolu 50; magnesium carbonate 10; sugar 820; water to make 1000 (U.S.); balsam of tolu li ounces, boiled i hour in water i pint, with sugar 2 lb., and when cool add enough water to make 16 ounces (Br.) ; used in ex- pectorant mixtures in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). B. urgin'esB (B.A.), syrup of urginea; resembles syrup of squill; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4.0). B. zingib'eriB (U.S., Br.), syrup of ginger; fluidex- tract of ginger 30, alcohol 20, magnesium carbonate 10,- sugar 820, water to make 1000 (U.S.); strong tincture of ginger i, syrup 19 (Br.); dose, 3 1-4 (4-0-16.0). syr'upy. Relating to syrup; of the consistency of syrup. Bygsarco'slc. Syssarcotic. syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko'sis) [G. syssarkosis; syn; with, -I- sarx(sark-), flesh.] Union of bones by muscle, a muscular articulation; in man examples of s. are the muscular connections of the hyoid bone, of the patella, and of other sesamoid bones. syssarcot'ic. Relating to or charactenzed by syssarcosis. sysso'mus [G. syn, together, + soma, body.] A twin monster with two heads, but more or less extensive fusion of the bodies, systal'tic [G. systaltikos, contractile.] Pulsating, alternately contracting and dilating; noting the action of the heart. sys'tem [systema, a complex whole.] A consistent and complex whole made up of correlated and semi-independent parts. Specifically: i. The entire organism. 2. Any complex of structures anatomically related, as the vascular system. 3. Any complex of structures functionally related, as the digestive system. 4. In zoology and botany a method of classification, as the Linnean system. 5. A scheme of medical theory, as the Brtmonian system. 6. An encyclopedic treatise on medicine or any of its branches, the work of several authors, arranged systematically accord- ing to subjects. 7. A progressive course of in- struction, arranged according to a definite plan, absoi'bent s., lymphatic s. alimen'tary s., diges- tive s. associa'tion s., see association*-system. blood-Tas'cular s., the heart and blood-vessels considered as a whole, central nervous s., systema nervorum centrale [BNA]. cerebrospi'- nal s., the combined systema* nervorum centrale and systema* nervorum periphericum [BNA]. cir'culatory s., vascular s. coU'oid s., a com- bination of the two phases, internal and exter- nal, of a colloid solution; the various systems are: gas + liquid (foam); gas + solid (meer- schaum); liquid + gas (fog); solid -t- gas (smoke); solid + liquid (sol); liquid + solid (gel); liquid + liquid (emulsion); solid -|- solid (colored glass), den'tinal s., all the dentinal tubules in a tooth, dermal s., dermoid s., the skin and its appendages, the nails and hair, diges'tive s., the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus with all its associated organs and glands, apparatus digestorius [BNA]. esthe- slod'ic s., see esthesiodic. glan'dular s., all the glands of the body collectively. Haver'sian s., see Havers, hematopoiet'ic s., the blood-mak- ing organs, the spleen and bone-marrow, het- eroge'neous s., one which contains various dis- tinct and mechanically separable parts, as for example a suspension or an emulsion, homoge'- neous s., one the parts of which cannot be mechanically separated, which is therefore uni- form throughout and possesses in every part identically physical properties; a perfect solu- tion, e.g. of soditun chloride, is such a system. kinesod'ic s., see kinesodic. kinetic' s., see kinetic. lymphat'ic s., the lymphatic spaces, vessels, and glands, including the lacteals. mus'cular s., al the muscles of the body collectively, nervous s. the central, peripheral, and sympathetic nervous systems collectively, pedal s., see pedal, per- iph'eral nervous s., systema nervorum peripher- cum [BNA]. portal s., the capillaries of the liver carrying venous blood from the portal vein and discharging it through the hepatic vein into the vena cava inferior, projec'tion s., see pro- jection, respi'ratory s., apparatus respiratorius [BNA], all the air passages from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli, sympathet'ic nervous s.. rSTEM 989 SZABO'S TEST systema nervorum sympathicum [BNA]. s. disease', a disease involving only one of the nerve-fiber systems or tracts in the spinal cord. transi'tion s., the type of a solution which is neither frankly an emulsoid nor frankly a disper- soid. urogen'ital s., apparatus urogenitalis 'BNA], the external and internal organs of gen- sration together with the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, uropoiet'ic s., the organs concerned in the secretion and excretion of urine, viz., the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra, vas'cular s., the blood-vascular and lymphatic systems collectively. ste'ma [G.] System, s. lymphat'icum [BNA], the lymphatic system, including the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and central lymphatic trunks, s. nervo'rum centra'le [BNA], the ;entral nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord. s. nervo'rum peripher'icum [B NA] , the peripheral nervous system, comprising the :erebral, or cranial, and the spinal nerves, s. nervo'rum sympath'icum [BNA], sympathetic system of nerves, trisplanchnic or vegetative systeni; a collection of nerve ganglia arranged on sither side of and anterior to the vertebral col- umn, connected with each other by longitudinal md transverse nerve-fibers and also with the lerebrospinal nerves by the rami communi- zantes; these ganglia and their connecting nerve 2ords form the truncus sympathicus, sympathetic trunk, and the ganglia are distinguished as the ganglia trunci sympathici, ganglia of the sympa- thetic trunk. The sympathetic nerves, non- medullated and of a grayish color, arise from the ganglia of the trunk and pass to the viscera and blood-vessels, being broken up, however, before distribution into numerous plexuses (plexus sympathici) situated in great part on the arter- ies; in these plexuses are other ganglia called ganglia plexuum. sympatkicorum, ganglia of the sjTnpathetic plexuses, from which new nerve- fibers arise. The sympathetic system supplies the non-striated muscular system (visceral and arterial) and also regulates in great part glandu- lar activity; its nerve cords convey fibers to the viscera from the cerebrospinal system and also transmit afferent fibers from the viscera to the lerebrospinal centers, thus bringing the organic 3r vegetative processes more or less under the control of sentient and voluntary nervous action. 3. nervo'rum vegetati'vum, s. nervorum sympath- icum [BNA]. ["tem-diseas'es. Degenerative diseases of the spinal cord, limited to certain definite tracts, distinguished from those marked by transverse lesions; in the combined system-diseases, several tracts are simultaneously affected. systemat'ic. Relating to a system in any sense; arranged according to a system, s. anat'omy, descriptive anatomy. sys'tematize. To arrange according to a system ; to • classify. system'ic. Relating to a system ; specifically somatic, relating to the entire organism as distinguished from any of its individual parts, s. circula'tion, see circulation, s. death, somatic death. sys'temoid [G. systema + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a system ; noting a tumor of complex structure resembling an organ. systole (sis't6-le) [G. systole, a contracting.] The rhythmical contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles, by which the blood is driven through the aorta and pulmonary artery to traverse the systemic and pulmonary circulations, respectively; its occurrence is indicated physically by the first sound of the heart heard on ausculta- tion, by the apex beat felt in the fifth intercostal space to the left of the sternum, and by the swell- ing of the pulse, abort'ed s., a loss of the systolic beat in the radial pulse through weakness of the ventricular contraction or mitral regurgitation. arte'rial s., the contraction of an artery following its dilatation by the pulse wave, extra s., a premature contraction of the heart or one of its chambers in response to a stimulus from some unusual point, the fundamental or sinus rhythm of the organ being maintained, s. alter'nans, hemisystole. systol'ic. Relating to, or occurring at the time of the cardiac systole. systolom'eter [G. systole + metron, measure.] i. An apparatus for determining the force of the cardiac contraction. 2. An instrument for an- alyzing the sounds of the heart. systremm'a [G. anything twisted.] A muscular cramp in the calf of the leg, the contracted muscles forming a hard ball. syzygial (sJ-zij'K-al). Relating to a syzygium. syzygiology (siz"i-ji(-ol'o-ji) [G. syzygios, bound together, joined, -t- -ology.] The study of interrelationships, or interdependencies, espe- cially of the whole, as opposed to the study of separate parts or isolated functions. syzygium (sl-zij'I-um) [G. syzygos, yoked.] i. The conjugation of certain protozoans. 2. The par- tial fusion of two parts or organs, each, however, remaining distinct. 3. Jambul. syzygy (siz'i-ji). Syzygium (i and 2). Szabo's test (sah'bo). For hydrochloric acid: a liquid containing hydrochloric acid will turn a brownish red or yellow color on the addition of a mixture of sodioferric tartrate and ammonium sulphocyanide. 99° TABLET T. Abbreviation for tension. T + , increased tension ; T — , diminished tension. t. Abbreviation for temporal. TA. See alkaline tuberculin* Ta. Chemical symbol of tantalum. tabacism (tab'S-sizm) . Tabacosis. tabaco'sis [L. tahacum^ tobacco.] Chronic tobacco poisoning, especially the occupational disease from inhaling the dust in cigar and tobacco factories. tabac'um [L.] Tobacco,* the plant Nicotiana tabacum. tab'anid. A gadfly. Taba'nus [L. a gadfly.] A genus of biting flies, gadflies, horse-flies, breeze-flies; several of the species are believed to transmit trypanosomes. tabardillo (tab-ar-dil'yo). The Mexican term for the typhus fever of that country, matlazahuatl tabasheer (tab-S-sher') [Hindu word.] An excre- tion found at the joints of the bamboo in India and Brazil, employed as a tonic and cough remedy. tabatiire (ta-bi-te-air') [Fr. snuffbox.] The hollow at the base of the metacarpal bone of the thumb when the digit is extended; it is formed by the prominence on either side of the tendons of the extensor primi and extensor secundi intemodii poUicis muscles (musculus extensor poUicis brevis and musculus extensor poUicis longus [BNA]). tabby-cat stria'tion. Tigroid* striation. tabefaction (ta-be-fak'shun) [L. tabefacere, to melt.] Tabescence, emaciation, atrophy, tabes. tabell'a. [L. dim. of tabula, tablet.] A medicated tablet or lozenge. tabes (ta'bez) [L. a wasting away.] Progressive wasting or emaciaton, phthisis ; usually signifying tabes dorsali's. cer'ebral t., a form of t. dorsalis in which the earliest symptoms are in the region innervated by the cranial nerves, cer'vical t., a form of t. dorsalis in which the upper extremi- ties are first affected, maran'tic t., a form of t. dorsalis marked by extreme emaciation, t. diabet'ica, diabetic neuritis, especially of the motor nerves of the lower extremities, marked by muscular atrophy and a steppage gait. t. dorsa'lis, locomotor ataxia, posterior spinal sclerosis a chronic progressive sclerosis of the posterior spinal ganglia and roots, the poste- i;ior columns of the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves; the symptoms are ataxia, or muscular incoordination, anesthesia, neuralgia, lancinating pains, visceral crises, and muscular atrophy; atrophy of the optic nerve is not uncommon, trophic disorders of the joints (arthropathies) are frequent, and paralysis is a late symptom; the disease begins usually in middle life and is often, if not always, a sequel of syphilis, t. heredita'rla, Friedreich's,* or hereditary, ataxia, t. infe'rior, degeneration of the posterior roots in the lum- bar region, the lower extremities being the parts affected, t. mesenter'ica, tuberculosis of the mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph-nodes. t. spasmod'ica. Little's* disease, t. spina'lis, t. dorsalis. t. supe'rior, a form of t- dorsalis in which the ataxia is especially marked in the upper extremities or region supplied by the cranial nerves, cerebral or cervical t. tabescent (ta-bes'ent) [L. tabescere, to waste away.] Progressively emaciating, tabetic, phthisical. tabet'ic. Relating to or suffering from tabes, especially tabes dorsalis. tabet'ifomi [L. tabes (iabei-), a wasting, + forma, form.] Resembling tabes dorsalis. tab'ic. Tabetic. tab'id. Tabetic, tabic; emaciating, wasting away. tablature (tab'la-tiir) [L. tabula, table.] The state of division of the cranial bones into two plates separated by the diploe. ta'ble [L. tabula.] i. One of the two plates or lam- inae, separated by the diploe, into which the cra- nial bones are divided. 2. An arrangement of the data of a clinical history, the steps of an experi- ment, etc., in parallel columns, showing all the essential facts in a readily appreciable form. 3. The occlusal or grinding surface of the tooth of a horse. Amer'ican Expe'iience t., a table, based upon the statistics of a number of American life insurance companies, showing the mortality rates of the insiired, and serving as a basis for the determination of the expectation of life at differ- ent ages. Carlisle t., a mortality table, similar to the American experience t., based upon the vital statistics for a number of years of Carlisle, Eng- land. Combined Experience t., a mortality table, similar to the American and the Carlisle tables, based upon the statistics of a large number of life insurance companies, exam'ining t., a table on which the patient lies during a gynecological or other medical examination. Gill's t., said to be the first American mortality table; it was based, however, on English statistics, being a sort of composite of the Carlisle, the Healthy English Lives, and other tables. Healthy English Lives t., a mortality table constructed by Dr. Farr, based upon the statistics of certain districts in Eng- land in which the annual mortality was 17 per 1000 or less. Horthamp'ton t., a mortality table con- structed in the i8th century from the statistics of baptisms and funerals of the churches of North- ampton; owing to the error of regarding the number of baptisms the same as the nxunber of births the table is inaccurate, the life expectation being too low. op'erating t., a table on which the patient lies during a surgical operation, vit'reous t., the inner table of one of the cranial bones; it is more compact and harder than the outer table. ta'blespoon. A large spoon, used as a measure of the dose of a medicine, equivalent to about 4 fluidrams or i fluidounce. tab'let [Fr. tablette, dim. of L. tabula, table.] A small disc, usually of sugar of milk, impregnated with a tincture or other fluid form of some medica- ment (tablet saturate), or containing a finely powdered drug incorporated with it (tablet triturate) ; each tablet contains a dose, or a frac- tion of a dose, of the remedy, and is taken inter- nally or dissolved in water and administered hypodermically. poi'son tablets, toxitabellsB (U.S.), tablets stamped with the skull and cross bones and the word "poison;" the only ones oflScial in the U.S.P, are those containing bi- chloride of mercury. TABLOID 991 T.ENIA tab'loid [tablet + G. eidos, resemblance.] Trade name of a special make of tablet. ta"bopar'esis. A condition in which the symptoms of tabes dorsalis and general paresis are asso- ciated. tabophobia (ta-bo-fo'bl-ah) [L. tabes + G. phobos, fear.] Ataxophobia. tab'ular [L. tabula, table.] 1. Laminar, table-like. 2. Arranged in the form of a table (2). tab'ule. Tablet. tac'ahout [a native name.] A gall formed on the Indian tamarisk, furnishing tannic acid. tacamahaca (tah-kah-mah-hah'kah) '[S.A. Indian name.] A gum-resin from several South Ameri- can trees ; used internally as a pectoral, and exter- nally in plasters for rheumatic pains. tache (tash) [Fr. spot.] A macule, a freckle, a circumscribed discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane, t. blanche (blahhsh), white spot, macula* albida. t. bleuatre (ble-atr'), blue spot, macula* caerulea. t. c£r£brale (sa-ra-bral'), meningitic streak.* t. laiteuse (la-tez'), milk spot, macula* albida. t. m£ning£ale (ma-nan- zha-al'), meningitic streak.* t. spinale (spe-nal'), a trophic bulla forming on the skin in certain cases of disease of the spinal cord. tacheometer (tak-e-om'e-ter). Tachometer. tachetic ' (ta.-ket'ik) [F. tache, spot.] Marked by bluish or brownish spots. tachiol (tak'i-ol). A trade name for silver fluoride; said to be powerfully germicidal in solutions of 1—100,000 or even weaker. tachistoscope (tS-kis'to-sk5p) [G. tachistos, very rapid, -t- skopeo, I examine.] An instrument employed in experimental optics to determine the shortest exposure capable of making a conscious impression on the retina; it is on the plan of the movable shutter employed in photography. tachogram (tak'o-gram) [G. tachos, rapidity, + gramma, mark,] The record made by the tachometer. tachography (ta.-kog'ra,-fi) [G. tachos, speed, -I- grapho, I write.] The recording of the rapidity of the blood-current. tachometer (tS-kom'e-ter) [G. tachos, speed, -I- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the rapidityof the'blood-current.hemotachometer. tachycardia (tak-e-kar'dl-ah) [G. tachys, quick, -I- kardia, heart.] Very rapid action of the heart, heart-hurry, auric'ular t., auricular flutter. essen'tial t., persistent rapid action of the heart due to no discoverable organic lesion, paroxys' - mal t., recurrent attacks of rapid heart-action, with normal intervals, t. exophthal'mica, the rapid heart-action occurring as one of the symptoms of exophthalmic goiter. tachycar'diac. Relating to or suffering from ex- cessively rapid action of the heart. tachymeter (ta-kim'e-ter) [G. tachys, swift, + meiron, measure.] An instrument for determining the rapidity of motion of any object ; tachometer. tachyphagia (tak-l-fa'ji-ah) [G. tachys, rapid, + phago, I eat.] Rapid eating, bolting of food. tachyphrasia (tak-I-fra'zJ-ah) [G. tachys, rapid, -I- phrasis, speaking.] Very rapid speech. tachyphrenia (tak-l-fre'ni-ah) [G. tachys, rapid, -f phren, mind.] Rapidity of the mental processes. tachyphylaxis (tak'Tl-fi-lak'sis) [G. tachys, quick, -f phylaxis, protection.] Rapid production of immunity, as is exemplified by the fact, for example, that a second injection of the pressor hormone of the pituitary, a few minutes after the first, produces no further rise of blood pres- sure (Schafer.) tachypnea, tachypnoea (tak-I-pne'ah) [G. tachys, rapid, + pnoe(J>noie), breathing.] Very rapid breathing. tachyrrhythmia (tak-!-rith'mi-ah) [G. tachys, rapid, + rhythmos, rhythm.] Tachycardia, auric'- ular t., auricular flutter. tachysystole (tak-i-sis'to-li) [G. tachys, rapid, + systole, a contracting.] Tachycardia, auric'- ular t., auricular flutter. taco'sis. Tecosis. tactile (tak'til) [L. iaciilis; tactus, touch.] Relating to touch or to the sense of touch, t. cell, one of the cells, either single or compound, in. which a sensory nerve-fibril terminates, t. cor'puscle, corpusculum* tactus. t. eleva'tion, torultis tactilis. t. disc, t. meniscus, t. hair, a hair having the fiuiction of an end-organ, as one of a cat's whiskers, t. menis'cus, a discoid expan- sion of the axis-cylinder of a sensory nerve in the epidermis, t. papil'la, one of the papillae of the skin containing a t. cell or corpuscle. taction (tak'shun) [L. tactio; iangere, to touch.] j. The sense of touch. 2. The act of touching. tactom'eter [L. tactus, touch, + G. metron, measure.] Esthesiometer. tac'tor [L. one who or that which touches.] A tactile end-organ. tac'tual. Relating to or caused by touch. tac'tus [L.] Touch, the sense of touch, t. erudi'tus [L. skilled], the trained sense of touch in a diagnos- tician or obstetrician, t. exper'tus [L. experi- enced], t. eruditus. tse'dium [L.] Weariness, loathing, t. vi'tse, weari- ness of life taenia, tenia (te'itt-ah) [G. tainia, band, tape.] i. Any anatomical band-like structure. 2. A tapeworm. t. acus'tica, pi. tainiai acustica, stria* meduUaris [BNA]. t. chorioid'ea [BNA], the border of the chorioid plexus in the lateral ventricles, t. co'li [BNA], t. of Valsalva, one of the three bands in which the longitudinal muscular fibers of the large intestine, except the rectum, are collected; these are called respectively: t. meso- colica, situated at the place corresponding to the mesenteric insertion, t. libera, free band, oppo- site the mesocolic band, and t. omentalis at the place corresponding to the site of adhesion of the omentum to the transverse colon, t. fim'- briae [BNA], tenia of the fimbria, the torn edge of the fimbria hippocampi after removal of the chorioid plexus, t. for'nicis [BNA], tenia of the fornix, the slightly dentated lateral border of each crus (anterior pillar) of the fornix, t. hippocam'pi [BNA], corpus fimbriatum. t. lib'era [BNA], see t.coli. t.medulla'ris,striamedullaris(i). t.mes- ocol'ica [BNA], see t. coli. t. nervo'sa, Gasser- ian* ganglion, t. omenta'lis [BNA], see t. coli. t . pontis, a band of white fibers detached from the anterior edge of the pons Varolii on either side, looping over the cerebellar peduncle and lateral lemniscus, t. pylo'ri, one of the thickened bands of the gastric muscle running longitudinally on the anterior and posterior aspects of the pylorus. t. semicircula'ris, semicircular tenia, stria* ter- minalis [BNA]. t. tec'ta, stria longitudinalis lateralis, t. termina'lis, a broad muscular band in the roof of the right cardiac atrium, contrac- tion of which closes the mouths of the venae cavae during the auricular systole, t. thal'ami [BNA], tenia of the thalamus, thalamic tenia, the sharp edge or angle between the superior and inner or medial surfaces of the thalamus on either side; to it is attached the epithelial lamina forming the lining of the roof of the third ventricle, t. T^NIA 992 TALIPES ventric'uli quar'ti [BNA], taenia of the fourth ventricle, the line of junction of the epithelial portion of the roof with the nerve substance, t. ventric'uli ter'tii, stria meduUaris. Tse'nia, Te'nia [G. tainia, a. ribbon.] A genus of Cestoda or tapeworms. It formerly embraced most of the tapeworms, but is now restricted to a few species. T. segyp'tica, T. nana. T. africa'na, a tapeworm found in native Africans, the cysti- cercus of which is unknown. T. arma'ta, T. solium. T. confu'sa, a rare tapeworm, the cysti- cercus of which is unknown. T. cucumeri'- na, Dipylidium caninum. T. cucurbiti'na, T. solium. T. demerarien'sis, Davainea madagas- cariensis. T. denta'ta, T. solium. T. diminu'ta, Hymenolepis diminuia. T. echinococc'us, a small tapeworm of the dog, the eggs of which, when ingested, cause echinococcous disease in man. T. ellip'tica, Dipylidium caninum. T. iner'mis, T. saginaia. T. lata, T. saginaia, Diboihrio- cephalus laius. T. madagascarien'sis, Davainea madagascariensis. T. mln'ima, T. nana. T. muri'na, T. nana. T. na'na, Hymenolepsis nana, T. echinoccus of dogs. T. pellu'cida, T. so- lium. T, sagina'ta, beef tapeworm, derived from Cysticercus bovis by eating the insufficiently cooked flesh of an infested ox. T. so'lium, pork tape- worm, a common tapeworm in man acquired by eating insufficiently cooked pork infested with Cysticercus cellulosce, measly pork. T. vulga'ris, T. solium. tas'niacide, tffi'niafuge, etc. See teniacide, teniafuge, etc. tieniola (te-ni'o-lah) [L. dim. of iicnia, ribbon.] A slender taeniaor band-like structure, t. cine'rea, a thin ridge of gray matter on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain to the outer side of the «tri£e meduUares. t. cor'poris callo'si, lamina rostralis [BNA]. Tseniorhynchus (te-nl-o-rin'kus) [G. tainia, band, + rhynchos, snout.] A genus of mosquitos; also a species of the genus Ochlerotatus. Taenzer's stain (tents'er). An orcein solution used for staining elastic tissue. T>A.F. Abbreviation of the German Tuberculin Albumose frei, albumose-free tuberculin, em- ployed in place of old tuberculin for the subcu- taneous test. Tagetes (ta-je'tez) [Tages, an Etruscan god.] A genus of composite plants, two species of which, T. erecta and T. patula, are sometimes used as substitutes for calendula.* TagUacotian (tal-yah-ko'shyan). Referring to Gas- pard Tagliacozzi, Italian svirgeon in Bologna, 1546-1599. T. meth'od or opera'tion, a plastic operation in which the skin flap is taken from a distant part; especially rhinoplasty in which the new nose is fashioned from the forearm which is bound firmly to the face until the flap is so united to the face that its union with the forearm can be severed. tag'ma [G. a brigade of soldiers.] A molecular group; the smallest indivisible particle of proto- plasm. tall [A. S. tog/.] I. Cauda, the posterior free extrem- ity of the spinal column in an animal. 2. Any tail-like structure, t. bone, coccyx, t. fold, an embryonic fold in which is developed the t. gut. t. gut, the portion of the archenteron in the caudal extremity of the embryo, t. sheath, the proto- plasmic envelope of the tail of a spermatozoon. tail'or's cramp. A spasmodic neurosis of the mus- cles of the forearm and hand, sometimes affecting tailors, analogous to writer's cramp; the same as seamstress's spasm, t.'s muscle, musculus sar- torius. t.'s spasm, t.'s cramp. Tait's knot (tat) [Lawson Tait, English gynecolo- gist, 1845-1899.] Staffordshire knot, a ligature for the pedicle of an ovarian tumor, see under knot. T.'s law, an exploratory laparotomy should be performed in every case of obscure pelvic or abdominal disease which threatens health or life. T.'s opera'tion, perineorrhaphy. ta'ka-di'astase [after Jokichi Takamine, Japanese chemist, resident in New York, *i853.] Trade name of a digestive ferment for starches, obtained from Aspergillus oryziB (a fungus of the koji- yeast used in making rice-wine) grown on steril- ized bran. talal'gia [L. talus, heel, -t- G. algos, pain.] Pain in the heel, ptemalgia. talc, tal'cum [Ar. talq.] Soapstone, native hydrous magnesium silicate, talcum purifica'tum (U.S.), purified talc, prepared by boiling powdered talc with hydrochloric acid in water ; used in phar- macy as a filter, and also employed as a dusting powder and in many cosmetic preparations. Taliacb'tian opera'tion. See TagUacotian. tal'iped. i. Clubfooted. i. One who has a club- foot. taliped'ic. Clubfooted, taliped (i). talipes (tal'i-pez) [L. talus, heel, ankle, + pes, foot.] I. Pes, or talipes, calcaneus. ^. Clubfoot in gen- eral, cyllosis. t. arcua'tus, t. cavus. t. calca"neo- valgus, t. calcaneus and t. valgus combined, t. Talipes. A, Equinws; B, calcaneus; C, varus; D, valgus. calca"neoTa'rus, t. calcaneus and t. varus com- bined, t. calca'neus, permanent dorsal flexion of the foot, so that the weight of the body rests on the heel only. t. cavus, hollow foot, an exag- geration of the normal arch of the foot. t. equi"- noval'gus, t. equinus and t. valgus combined. t. equi'nova'rus, t. equinus and t. varus com- bined, t. equi'nus, permanent extension of the foot so that only the ball rests on the ground; it is commonly combined with t varus, t. per- ca'vus, an extreme degree of t, cavus. t. plano- val'gus, t. valgus, t. planus, flat-foot, splay-foot, iAi-iiriiib 993 TANNIN a condition in which the arch of the foot is broken down, the entire sole touching the ground, t. spasmod'icua, a temporary distortion of the foot, usually t. equinus, due to muscular spasm, t. valgus, permanent eversion of the foot, the inner side alone of the sole resting on the ground; it is usually combined with a breaking down of the plantar arch. t. varus, inversion of the foot, the outer side of the sole only touching the ground; there is usually more or less t. equinus associated with it, and often t. cavus. taiipom'anus [L. talipes + manus, hand.] Club- hand; a permanent distortion of the hand analo- gous in its varieties to talipes. Tal'lerman appara'tus [Lewis A. Tallerman, English inventor, contemporary.] An apparatus in which one extremity or the trunk can be enclosed ' and submitted to dry air of a high temperature ; used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism and other affections. Talley's Springs, Virginia. The waters contain lithia, sulphur, and iron. tall'ow. The harder fat of ruminants, especially of the sheep and the ox; suet, sevum.* veg'etable t., a hard fat from various plant substances, espe- cially the fruit-pulp of the Chinese plant, Sapium sebiferum, consisting chiefly of palmitin. Tallqvist's hemoglo'bin-scale (tahl'kvist). [Theo- dor Waldemar Tallqvist, Finnish pjiysician, *i87i.] A chromolithograph of graduated blood tints showing the varying color of samples of blood containing from lo to loo per cent, of the normal content of hemoglobin; a piece of filter-paper is moistened with a drop of the blood to be examined and its color is then compared with those of the scale, the correspond- ing tint on the scale indicating the percentage of hemoglobin. Tal'ma's disease' [A. Sape Talma, Dutch physician, 1847-1918.] Myotonia acquisita. T.'s opera'- tion, a modified Drummond*-Morison opera- tion for the relief of ascites. talocalcaneal, talocalcanean (ta-lo-kal-ka'ne-al, ta- lo-kal-ka'ne-an). Relating to the talus, or astragalus, and the calcaneus, or os calcis; noting the joint between the bones and also the ligaments connecting theni. talocni'ral. Relating to the talus and the bones of the leg; noting the ankle-joint. talofib'ular. Relating to the talus and the fibula; noting the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the external lateral ligament of the ankle attached to the malleolus and the talus, ligamentum talofibtilare anterius et posterius [BNA]. tal'on [L. ialo, claw of a bird.] A low cusp of a tooth; the posterior (distal) part or heel of an upper molar tooth. talonavic'ular. Relating to the talus and the os naviculare or scaphoid bone of the tarsus ; noting the ligamentum talonaviculare [BNA], or superior astragalonavicular ligament. talonid (tal'8-nid). The posterior (distal) part, or heel, of a lower molar tooth. taloscaph'oid. Talonavicular. talotib'ial. Relating to the talus and the tibia noting the articulation between the two bones and also that portion of the deltoid ligament of the ankle which is attached to the talus and the internal malleolus. tal'pa [L. a mole (the animal).] A wen. ta'lus, gen. ta'H [L. one of a set of dice.] [BNA] Ankle-bone, astragalus; the bone of the foot which articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle-joint. 63 tam'a [L.] Edema of the feet and legs. tam'arac. Native Indian name of the American or black larch, Larix americana, the bark of which is reputed to be alterative and tonic in doses of ni[2o-4o(i.3-2.5) of a fluidextract. tamarin'dus (N.P., Br.). Tamarind, the pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus indica, a large tree of India; mildly laxative in doses of 32-4 (8.0- 16.0). tamar indien (tS-mar" an-dyan') [Fr. tamarind.] A laxative fruit confection containing tamarind, senna, and flavoring substances. tambour (tahm-boor') [Fr. drum.] The recording part of a graphic apparatus, such as a sphygmo- graph, consisting of a membrane stretched across the open end of a cylinder and the recording stile attached to it. tam'pan [native name.] Ornithodorus moubata. tam'picin. A resin from Ipomaea simulans, Tampico jalap; laxative in small doses, purgative in large ones. tam'pon. i. A cylinder or ball of cotton-wool, gauze, or other loose substance; employed as a plug in a canal or cavity to restrain hemorrhage, absorb secretions, or maintain a displaced organ, such as the uterus, in position. 2. To insert a tampon, to plug a canal with gauze, cotton-wool, or other substance. tamponade', tam'ponage. The insertion of a tam- pon. tam'poning, tampon'ment. The act of inserting a tampon. ta'mus. Black bryony, the rhizome and seeds of Tamus communis^ a plant of the Mediterranean region; diuretic and cathartic. tan. Sunburn, pigmentation of the skin froHi ex- posure to the actinic rays of the sun or electric light. tanace'tol, tanace'tone. A ketone (Cii,Hi,0) identi- cal with absinthol and thuyol. tanace'tum [Latinized from tansy^ Tansy, bitter- buttons, parsley fern ; the flower heads or entire plant, Tanacetum vulgare, an aromatic herb of Europe ajid the neighboring portions of Asia; carminative, anthelmintic, and emmenagogue in dosea of gr. 20—40 (i . 3—2 . 6). tanghin (tang'gin). A poisonous extract from the seeds of Tanghinia venenifera, a tree of Madagas- car; it is a cardiac poison, like strophanthus, employed formerly as an ordeal poison. tangle (tang'gl). Laminaria. tann'al. A brownish yellow powder employed locally as an astringent; soluble i. is aluminum tannotartrate; insoluble t., aluminum tannate. tannal'bin. Trade name of a compoimd of tannin and albumin, a brown tasteless powder, containing about 50 per cent, of tannin; employed in diar- rhea in dose of gr. 7^-15 (0.5-1.0). vet'erinaiy t., employed in doses of 35-8 (20.0-32.0) for horses and cattle, calves and foals gr. 45-90 (3.0-6.0). tannal'um. Tannal. tannase (tan'az). A ferment produced in cultures of Peniciliwm glaucunt and found in certain tannin forming plants. tann'ate. A salt of tannic acid. tan'nic. Relating to tan (tan-bark) or to tannin, t. acid tannin, acidum* tannicima. tan'nigen. Diacetyltannin, acetic ester of tannic acid; trade name of an organic compound of tannin, a yellowish tasteless powder employed locally as an astringent and also internally in diarrhea in doses of gr. 2— 7i (0.12-0.5). tan'nin [tan, the bark of oak and other trees con- taining the substance.] Tannic acid. TANNISMUT 994 TAR tannis'mut, tannis'muth. Trade name of a light yellow powder, said to be a bitannate of bismuth; recommended in the treatment of chronic intesti- nal catarrh in doses of gr. 5-10 (o . 3-0 . 6). tan'nisol. Methylene ditannic acid; a reddish brown powder, employed in diarrhea in doses of 3-6 grains (0.2-0.4). tannoca'sum. An astringent compoimd of tannin and casein, used in diarrhea. tannochloral (tan-o-klo'ral). A compound of chloral hydrate and chloral, astringent and parasiticide ; same as captol. tannochrome (tan'o-krom). Trade name of a gray powder, insoluble in water, composed of equal portions of resorcinol and chromium bitannate; recommended in eczema and some other skin diseases. tann'ocol. Trade name of a compound of tannin and gelatin, employed in diarrhea in dose of gr. 15 (i.o). tanu'oform. Methyl ditannin; trade name of a compound of tannin with ferric aldehyde, a reddish white powder; used locally as an astrin- gent and antiseptic, and internally in diarrhea in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.18-0.6). tannogel'atin. Tannocol. tannoguaiafonn (tan-o-gwi'3,-form). A compound of guaiacol, tannin, and formaldehyde; an odor- less and tasteless powder recommended for its antiseptic and astringent properties in the treat- ment of intestinal tuberculosis, in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). tann'on. Hexamethylene tetramine tannin. tann'opin. Hexamethylene tetramine tannin. tann'osal. Creosal, creosoti tannas. tannothy'mal. Proprietary name of a mijiture of tannic acid, formaldehyde, and thymol ; employed in diarrhea in doses of 5-15 grains (0.3-1.0). Tanret's rea'gent (tahu-ra') [Charles Tanret, French physician, 19th century.] For albumin in the urine: potassium iodide 3.32, mercuric chloride 1.35, acetic acid 20, water 64; it gives a white precipitate when added to albuminous urine. Tansini's operation (tahn-se'ne) [Iginio Tansini, Italian surgeon, *i855.] j.. Ari operation for the removal of a cyst of the liver. 2. Amputation of the breast with removal of all the skin covering it, the loss being compensated for by a generous flap taken from the back. tan'sy [G. aihanasia, immortality.] Tanacetum. tan'talum. A rare metal seldom seen except as a compound; symbol Ta, atomic weight 181. taon (tah-on'). Philippine name for infantile beriberi. tap. X . To withdraw fluid from a cavity by means of a trocar and cannula or a hollow needle. 2. To strike lightly with the finger or a hammer-like instrument in percussion or to elicit a tendon reflex. 3. A light blow. 4. An East Indian fever of undetermined nature, front t., a quick light blow on the muscles of the front of the leg, causing contraction of the calf muscles in cases of spinal irritability. tapelnocephalic, tapeinocephaly (ti-pi-no-sS-fal'ik, ti-pi-no-sef'al-I). See tapinocephalic, iapino- cephaly. tape'tum [L. a carpet.] i. Membrana versicolor of Fielding, a stratum formed by the commissural fibers of the body and upper part of the splenium of the corpus callosum, bending round the lateral ventricle. 2. In botany a cell, or layer of cells, surrounding the archesporiimi, and becoming absorbed as the spores develop, t. alve'oli, alveolar periosteum, t. cellulo'sum, t. choriold'ea, t. lucidum, an iridescent layer in the choroid coat of the eye in certain of the carnivorous animals, giving the shining appearance seen in the cat's eyes in the dark. t. cor'poris callo'si, a. band of white fibers passing from the corpus callosum to the temporal lobe over the middle comu of the lateral ventricle, t. fibro'sum, a layer of wavy connective-tissue fibers in the choroid coat of the eye of grazing animals, giving a metallic hue to the eye. t. lu'cidum, t. cellulo- sum. t. nigrum, t. oc'uli, the pigment layer of the retina, t. ventric'uli, a bundle of white fibers running from the cortex of the frontal lobe to that of the occipital lobe. tape'wonn. Tsenia, an intestinal parasite, consist- ing of a head, or scolex, by which the worm is attached to the wall of the intestine, and several, usually a large number of, segments (proglottides) containing the reproductive organs. The ovum, entering the intestine of man or one of the lower animals is there hatched and the embryo, carried to the tissues by the blood stream, develops into an hydatid or cysticercus. The cysticercus, when ingested, becomes in the intestine the mature tapeworm, armed t., Tcsnia solium, pork tapeworm, beef t., Tienia saginata. broad t., Swiss t., Boihriocephalus laius. dog t., TtBnia echinococcus. dwarf t., Hymenolepsis nana. bookless t,,' Ttenia saginata or T. mediocanellata. hydat'id t., dog t., Tania echinococcus. pork t,, armed t. sol'itary t., armed t., Tasnia solium. Swiss t., broad t. unarmed t., bookless t. taphophotla [G. taphoe, a funeral, the grave, + phobos, fear.] An extreme fear of being buried alive. taph'osote. Trade name of creosote tannophos- phate, recommended in pulmonary tuberculosis. Tapia's syn'drome (tah'pe-ah) Unilateral paraly- sis of the larynx and the tongue, without involve- ment of the velum palati. tapinocephal'ic. Having a low flat head; relating to tapinocephaly. tapinocephaly (tS-pi-no-sef'S-lI) [G. iapeinos, low, + kepkale, head.] A condition of flat head in which the skull has a vertical index below 72; similar to chamecephaly. tapio'ca. Cassava starch, amylum manihot; a starch from the root of Jatropha manihot and other species of/., plants of tropical America. ta'pir -mouth. Atrophy of the orbicularis oris- muscle with thickening and separation of the lips, the upper slightly overhanging, suggesting a. tapir's snout; it occurs in facioscapulohumeral musctilar atrophy. ta'piroid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a tapir's snout, a term rometimes applied to an elongated cervix uteri. tapotage (tS-pii-tazh). A loose cough excited in certain pulmonary diseases by strong percussion in the supraclavicular space. tapotement (tS-put-mofi') [Fr.] A massage move- ment consisting in striking with the side of the hand, usually with partly flexed fingers. tapp'ing. 1. Tapotement. 2. Thoracentesis, para- centesis, etc. tap'rpot. In botany, a continuation of the radicle of the embryo forming the main descending root of the plant. tar. A thick, semisolid, blackish brown mass, of complex composition, obtained by the destruc- tive distillation of the wood of various species of pine; pix* liquida. beechwood t., oleum fagi, a thick oily liquid of dark brown color and odor of creosote ; largely employed as a source of creosote.. TAR ms TARSUS birch t., oleum rusci. coal-t., a thick tarry liquid formed in the distillation of coal gas; it is the source of aniline, benzene, and many valuable sub- stances, among them a number of the synthetic drug compounds, t. acne, acne artificialis. t. camphor, naphthalin. t. mixture, mistura olei picis (N.F.). t. ointment, unguentum picis liquidas (U.S.P.). t. syrup, syrupus picis liquidse (U.S.P.). t. water, water slightly impregnated with tar. t. wine, vinum picis (N.F.). tar'antism. Dancing mania of Italy, popularly supposed to be caused by the bite of a tarantula. taran'tula. One of a ntimber of poisonous spiders around the shores .of the Mediterranean and in tropical and subtropical America, t. cuben'sis, a tincture made from the live Cuban tarantula, employed in homeopathic practice in the treat- ment of carbuncles, felons, and malignant diph- theria, in doses of the 6th to 30th potency. Tarasp-Schuls, Switzerland (tar'ahsp-shools). Al- kaline-saline, and chalybeate-carbonated waters. Cold. Various springs. Used by drinking and bathing in gastralgia, gastroenteric catarrh, chronic constipation, obesity, disorders of nutri- tion, anemia, hemorrhoids, gallstones, chronic diarrhea, hepatic disorders, gouty and uric acid conditions, diabetes, gravel, renal catarrh, and catarrhal disorders of the respiratory organs. June I to October. taraxacerin (tar-aks-as'er-in). A white waxy sub- stance, CjHijO, obtained from taraxacum. tarax'acin. A bitter principle from taraxacum. tarax'acum [derivation tmcertain.] (U.S.) The dried root of Taraxacum, officinale, a wild plant of wide distribution throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; tonic, laxa- . tive, and an hepatic stimulant in doses of 3 1-3 (4.0—12.0). tar'bagau plague. Bubonic plague endemic in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, so called because it attacks a species of rodent resembling a mar- mot, the local name of which is tarbagan. Tardieu's ecchymo'ses (tar-de-e') [Auguste Am- broise Tardieu, French physician, 1818-1879.] Subpleural and subpericardial ecchymoses observed in the bodies of persons who have been strangled; the same as Bayard's* ecchymoses, occurring, however, in adults. tare. In commerce, an allowance made for the weight of a box or other vessel containing the goods; hence, in chemistry, a control vessel kept by the side of, and exposed to the same influences as, the vessel holding the compounds under examination or treatment, used as a basis of comparison in weighing the crucible or other vessel containing the compound. tar'entism. Tarantism. taren'tula. Tarantula. tar'get [It. targhetia, a small shield.] In the oph- thalmometer, the same as mire. Tarin's fas'cia (ta,-ran') [Pierre Tarin, French an- atomist, 1725-1761.] Fascia dentata. T.'s fora'- men, hiatus Fallopii. T.'s fos'sa, fossa . inter- peduncularis. T.'s space, porus Tarini, substan- tia* perforata posterior. T.'s t^'nia, t^nia semi- circularis, stria* terminalis. T.'s valve, velum meduUare posterius. Tamier's for'ceps (tar-ne-a') [Etienne St^phane Tarnier, French obstetrician, 1828-1897.] Axis- traction forceps.* T.'s sign of coming abortion, straightening out of the angle between the upper and lower uterine segments. tarsadenitis (tar-sad-en-i'(e')tis) [G. iarsos, tarsus, -(- aden, gland, -V -iiis^ Inflammation of the tarsal borders of the eyelids and of the Meibo- mian glands. tar'sal. Relating to a tarsus in any sense, t. bones, see tarsus, t. car'tilages, t. plates, t. cyst, chalazion, t. glands. Meibomian glands, glandulse tarsales [BNA]. t. lig'aments, ligamen- tum palpebrale mediale [BNA] (internal), and raphe palpebralis lateralis [BNA] (external). t. plates, tarsus superior and tarsus inferior [BNA]. tarsale, pi. tarsa'lia (tar-sa'le) [L.] Any tarsal bone. tarsal'gia [G. tarsos, tarsus, + algos, pain.] Police- man's disease, podalgia; pain in the tarsus due' usually to incipient flat-foot or to an abnormal shortening of the tendo Achillis. tarsa'lis. Musculus* tarsalis. tarsec'tomy [G. tarsos, tarsus, -1- ektome, excision.] . Excision of the tarsus of the foot or of a segment of the tarsus of an eyelid. tarsecto'pia, taisec'topy [G. tarsos, tarsus, -I- ek, out of, + topos, place.] Subliixation of one or more tarsal bones. tar'sen [G. tarsos, tarsus, + en, in.] Within the tarsus; relating to the tarsus independent of other structures. tarsitis (tar-si'(se')tis). i. Inflammation of the tarsus of the foot. 2. Inflammation of the tarsal border of an eyelid, marginal blepharitis. tarsochiloplasty (tar-so-ki'lo-plas-tl) [G. tarsos, tarsus, -I- cheilos, lip, -I- f lasso, I form.] Repara- tive or plastic surgery of the borders of the eye- lids, marginal blepharoplasty. tarsocla'sia, tarsoc'lasis [G. tarsos, tarsus, + klasis, a breaking.] Instrumental fracture of the tarsus, for the correction of club-foot. tarsomalacia (tar"so-ma-la'si-ah) [G. tarsos, tarsus, + malakia, softness.] Softening of the tarsal cartilages of the eyelids. tarsometatar'sal. Relating to the tarsal and meta- tarsal bones; noting the articulations between the two sets of bones, and the ligaments in rela- tion thereto. tarso-or'bital. Relating to the eyelids and the orbit. tarsophalangeal (tar-so-fa-lan'je-al). Relating to the tarsus and the phalanges, t. re'flex, extension of all the toes except the first, when the outer part of the tarsus is tapped; in certain cerebral dis- eases the reverse takes place, the toes being flexed. tarsophyma (tar-so-fi'mah) [G. tarsos, tarsus, + phyma, a tumor, boil.] A tumor of the tarsal border of the eyelid; hordeolum, or sty. tarsopla'sia, tar'soplasty [G. tarsos, tarsus, -f plassO, I form.] Blepharoplasty. tarsopto'sia [G. tarsos + ptosis, a falling.] Flat-foot tarsorrhaphy (tar-sor'rS,-fi) [G. tarsos + rhapke, a stitching.] An operation for reducing the length of the palpebral fissure by stitching together the margins of the eyelids at the outer canthus. tarsotar'sal. Midtarsal; referring to the articula- tion between the two rows of tarsal bones, or Chopart's joint. tarsotib'ial. Relating to the tarsal bones and the tibia, tibiotarsal, talotibial, t. amputa'tion, am- putation through the ankle-joint, t. lig'aments, tibiotarsal, or talotibial,* ligaments. tarsot'omy [G. tarsos, tarsus, + tome, incision.] 1. Incision of the tarsal cartilage of an eyelid. 2. Any operation upon the tarsus of the foot. tar'sus, gen. and pi. tar'si [G. tarsos, a wicker-work frame.] i. The root of the foot, or instep. As a division of the skeleton, the seven .bones of the instep, viz., astragalus or talus [BNA], os calcis or calcaneus [BNA], scaphoid or navicu- lare [BNA], three cuneiform, or wedge bones, and TARSUS 996 T-BANDAGE the cuboid. ^. The fibrous material giving so- lidity and form to the edges of the eyelids ; it is often called erroneously tarsal cartilage. tar'tar. i. Acid potassium tartrate, potassium bitartrate, forming a crust on the interior of wine- casks. 2. A brownish or yellowish brown sub- stance, chiefly calcium phosphate, deposited on the teeth from the saliva, cream of t., potassii bitartras, sol'uble t., potassii tartras. t. emet'ic, antimonii et potassii tartras. t. lithin, lithium bitartrate. vit'riolated t., potassium tartrate. Tar'tar type [Tartar, or Tatar, a Mongolian race in eastern and northern Asia.] Mongolian idiocy.* tartar'ic acid. Acidum* tartaricum. tartarated (tar'tar-a-ted). Combined with tartar (i), t. an'timony, antimonii et potassii tartras. t. soda, potassii et sodii tartras. tartariza'tion. The production of the systemic effects of tartar emetic, especially in the treatment of syphilis. tar'tarized. Tartarated. tar'tar-Iith'in, Trade name of a preparation of lithium bitartrate. tar'trate. A salt of tartaric acid, acid t., bitar- trate, a salt of tartaric acid which contains an acid molecule still capable of combining with a base, normal t., one which contains no uncom- bined acid molecules. tar'trated. Tartarated. taste [It. tastare; L. iangere, to touch.] i. To per- ceive through the medium of the gustatory nerves. 2. The sensation produced by a suitable stimulus applied to the gustatory nerve endings in the tongue, after t., a taste remaining after all the substance producing the original impression lias apparently disappeared, franklin'ic t., a sour taste produced by the application of static elec- itricity to the tongue, organ of t., organon gustus |[BNA]. t. bud, t. bulb, calyoulus gu.statorius JENA], t. cell, a cell in a t. corpuscle in which the axis-cylinder of the gustatory nerve-fiber ends. t. cor'puscle, calyculus gustatorius [BNA]. t. end, t. cell. t. goblet, calyculus gustatorius [BNA]. t. pore, one of several depressions on the circumference of the vallate papillae into which the gustatory hairs of the taste-bulbs project, t. ridge, one of the ridges surrounding the vallate papillae of the tongue, volta'ic t., franklinic t. acuteness of, hypergeustia, h^pergeusesthesia. dullness of, hypogeustia. having, sapid, savory, loss of, ageu- sia, ageustia, gustatory anesthesia, perversion of, allotriogeusia, parageusia, dysgeusia, pseudogeusia. without, tasteless, insipid. Tatar type (tah'tar) [Tatar or Tartar, a Mongolian race in eastern and northern Asia.] Mongolian idiocy.* Tate Spring, Tennessee. Saline-calcic-chalybeate waters. One spring. Used by drinking in nervous disorders, insomnia, dyspepsia, liver affections, and chronic metallic poisoning. tattoo'ing [Tahiti, iatu.'\ Marking the skin With various designs by pricking in an indelible pigment. tau'rin [L. taurus, bull.] i. A crystallizable sub- stance, CjHjSNOj, formed by the decomposition of taurocholic acid. 2. An unmodified virulent tuberculous virus; see bovovaccine. taurocholate (taw-ro-kolat). A salt of taurocholic acid. taurocholic acid (taw-ro-ko'lik as'id) [G. tauros, bull, + chole, bile.] One of the two organic acids in bile, CjjHjjNSO,; by hydrolysis it forms cholio acid and taurin. tautomenial (taw-to-me'nl-al) [G. tautos, the same, + men, month.] Relating to the same menstrual period. tautomeral (taw-tom'er-al). Tautomeric (i). tautomeric (taw-to-mer'ik) [G. tautos, the same, + meros, part.] i. Relating to the same part; noting certain nerve-fibers on the same side of the spinal cord in which are the nerve-cells from which they originate, n. Relating to or marked by tautomerism. tautomerism (taw-tom'er-izm) [G. tautos, the same, -I- meros, part.] The power of a chemical com- pound of reacting in different ways as if it were two or more distinct substances. Tawara's node (tah-vah'rah) [Tawara, Japanese phy- sician, contemporary.] A node near the coronary sinus in the right atrium, from which starts the bundle of His; Aschoff's node, Koch's node. taz'ine. A crystalline alkaloid from the leaves, seeds, and bark of several species of Taxus, or yew; is said to be serviceable in epilepsy. tax'is [G, arrangement, order.] i. Reduction of a hernia or of a dislocation of any part by means of manipulation. :i. Systematic classification or orderly arrangement. 3. Tropism, the reaction of protoplasm to a stimulus, by virtue of which • animals and plants are led to move or act in certain definite ways in relation to their environ- ment; the various kinds of taxis are designated by prefixing a word noting the stimulus governing them; see chemotaxis, electrotaxis, thermotaxis, etc. A taxis is positive when the body is attracted toward the stimulus, negative when it is repelled by it. bipo'lar t., the reposition of a retroverted uterus by making traction on the cervix in the vagina, and pushing up the fundus by the finger in the rectum. Taxo'dium [G. taxos, yew, + eidos, resemblance.] A genus of coniferous trees, cypress. The leaves and cones are said to be diuretic. taxol'ogy [G. taxis, order, + -logia."] Taxonomy. taxonom'ic. Relating to taxonomy or the science of classification. taxon'omy [G. taxis, order, arrangement, + nomas, law.] The science of classification, taxology. Taxus [G. taxos.] A genus of coniferous trees, the yews. The leaves, seeds, and bark of several species contain an alkaloid, taxine, said to be useful in epilepsy. Tay's cherr'y red spot [Warren Toy, English physician, contemporary.] The chorioid ap- pearing as a red sp6t through the fovea cen- tralis surrounded by a contrasting white circle; noted in cases of amaurotic idiocy. T.'s dis- ease', chorioiditis guttata. Tay-Sachs disease [Waren Tay, English physician, contemporary; Bernard Sachs, New York neurol- ogist, *i8s8.] Amaurotic family idiocy. Tay'lor's appara'tus or brace [Charles Fayette Taylor, New York orthopedic surgeon, 1827- 1899.] A steel spinal support for the treatment of Pott's disease. Tay'lor's di'et. A mixture of white of egg, sugar, and olive oil, employed in certain cases when the urine is to be examined for chlorides. tayu'ya. The root of a Brazilian plant, Triano- sperma ficifolia; employed in syphilis and scrofula in doses of 155-15 (o.,i-i.o) of a tincture. Tb. Chemical symbol of terbium. tb. Abbreviation for tuberculosis and tubercle bacillus. T-bandage, A strip of roller bandagewith another strip attached to its center at right angles; employed as a retentive bandage for dressings T-BANDAGE 997 TEGMEN to the external genitals or anus; see cut under bandage. TC [tuberculin + Ger. contagiose, contagious.] V. Behring's formula for the principle remaining after the extraction from the tubercle bacillus of the various constituents soluble respectively in pure water, in a lo per cent, salt solution, aftd in alcohol and ether; it is the active principle of bovovaccine.* After inoculation it is assimied that TC becomes an integral part of the cells of the immunized animal, and is metamorphosed into a hypothetical body, TX. Te. I. Abbreviation in electrodiagnosis denoting tetanic contraction. 2. Chemical symbol of tellurium, tea [of Chines* derivation.] i. The dried leaves of Thea sinensis, a shrub of China and southern and southeastern Asia and Japan; its chief constitu- ent, upon which its stimulating action largely depends, is the alkaloid theine (caffeine) which is present in amount of from i to 4 per cent. z. The infusion made by pouring boiling water upon tea leaves. 3. Any infusion or decoction made extemporaneously, usually with herbs used in domestic medicine, or with the "species" of the P.G. black t., thea nigra, green t., thea viridis. teamster's t., ephedra. tea'berry. Wintergreen, gaultheria.* teach'ers' nodes or nod'ules. Chorditis nodosa. teak (tek). The tree Tectona grandis, of eastern and southern Asia, furnishing a timber wood ; the leaves are astringent and the flowers diuretic. Teale's junputa'tion [Thomas Pridgin Teale, English surgeon, 1801— 1868.] I. Amputation of the forearm in its lower half, or of the thigh, with a long pos- terior rectangular flap and a. short anterior one. 2. Ampu- tation of the leg, with a long anterior rectangular flap and a short posterior one. _ team'ster's tea. Tepopote, ^^^^^ ^^ Incision Ephedra* anttsyphthttca. for Teale's Leg tear (ter) [A.S. tedr.l i. A drop of Amputation. , the fluid secreted by the lacry- The We s^ect.on mal glands by means of which upper extremity the conjunctiva is kept moist. "/ the vertical 2. A rounded bead-like mass of "°®' exuded gum or resin. tear-sac (ter'sak). Saccus* lacrimalis. tease (tSz) [A.S. tcesan.'] To separate the structural parts of a tissue by means of a needle, in order to prepare it for microscopical examination. tea'spoon. A small spoon, holding about one dram of liquid; used as a measure in the dosage of fluid medicines. teat [A.S. til.l i. Nipple, papilla* mamm». ». Breait, mamma. 3. Any nipple-like protuber- ance. technic (tek'nik). i. Technical, z. Technique. technical (tek'nJ-kal) . Relating to technique. technique (tek-nek') [Fr. from G. technikos, relating to Uchne, art, skill.] The manner of performance, or the details, of any surgical operation, experi- ment, or mechanical act. technocausis (tek-no-kaw'sis) [G. tecknos, art, -f- kausis, a burning.] Actual cautery. technoctonia, technoctony (tek-nok-to'ni-ah, tek- nok'to-ni) [G. Uknon, child, -I- Uonos, murder.] Child-murder, infanticide. teco'sis [G. teko, I waste away.] A disease of goats marked by extreme emaciation, due to infection with Micrococcus caprinus. tectocephal'ic [L. tectum, roof, H- G. kephale, head.] Scaphocephalic. tectoceph'aly. Scaphocephaly. tectol'ogy [G. tekton, builder, -I- -logia,] Structural morphology. tecton'ic [G. tektonikos, relating to building.] Relat- ing to plastic surgery or to the restoration of lost parts by grafting, t. ker'atoplasty, see kerato- plasty. tecto'rial. Relating to or forming a roof or cover, tegminal. t. nu'cleus, nucleus ruber, t. mem- brane, (i) posterior occipitoaxial ligament, mem- brana tectoria [BNA]; (2) Corti's membrane. tecto'rium [L. a covering; tegere, to cover.] i. Any roof-like structure. ^. Corti's membrane. 1 te'dious [L. icBdium, wearisomeness.] Irksome, slow. t. labor, prolonged labor, but not so difficult as dystocia. teel oil. Oleum* sesami. teeth. Plural of tooth (q.v.) . ante'rior t., the four incisors and two canine teeth in each jaw. au'- ditory t., Huschke's* auditory teeth, decid'- uous t., milk t. malacot'ic t., t. which are comparatively soft in structure, white in color, ^nd prone to decay, mastoid t., supernumerary t. in the horse, milk t., the first set of teeth, see primary dentition* and dens deciduus, notched t., pegged t., peg'top t., screw'driver t., syphilit'ic t., Hutchinson's* teeth, oral t., anterior t. per'manent t., see secondary dentition* and dens permanens. sclerot'ic t., t. which are naturally hard, usually yellowish in color, and Httle subject to decay. absence, anodontia. boring into, odontotrypy, odon. tocentesis. calculus, odontolith, tartar, chattering, odonterism, crepitatio dentium. cutting, eruption, decay of, odontosphacelism, dental canes, odonto, necrosis, odontorrhizophthisis. development of, odon- togeny, odontophyia. disease, odontopathy, odontia- odontonosus. eruption of, odontiasis, odontophyia. dentition, falling out of, odontoptosia, odontosteresis, filling cavities in, odontoftlerosis, obturation, first set, dentes caduci, dentes lactei, dentes decidui [BNA], milk teeth, temporary teeth, deciduous teeth, fissure, odontoschism, fracture, odontagma, odontoclasis. grinding, stridor dentium. having all of same kind, homodont, isodont. having but one set, monophyo- dont. having different kinds, heterodont. having large, macrodont, megalodont. having more than two sets, polyphyodont. having small, microdont. hav- ing straight, orthodont. haying two successive sets (deciduous and permanent), diphyodont. having white, leucodont. having yellow, xanthodont. hem- orrhage following extraction,, odontorrhagia, imper- fect development, odontatrophia, odontatrophy. inflammation, odontitis, odontophlegmon. irregu- larity, odontoloxia, odontoparallaxis, looseness, odon, -toseisis, odontoseism, agomphiasis. pain, odontagra- odontalgia, odontodynia, odontoneuralgia, odonthar- paga, odontorrheumalgia, dentagra, dentarpaga, dentalgia, dolor dentium, toothache, science relating to, odontology, dentology; odontonosology, odonto- pathoiogy (disease); odontiatria, odontotechny, odon- totherapy, dentistry, dental surgery (treatment of , disease), second set, dentes fixi, dentes permanentes [BNA], permanent teeth, sensitiveness, odonthyper- esthesia, odonthaemodia. set of, denture, specialist in disease of, dentist, dental surgeon, odontiater. splitting, odontoschisis. straightening, orthodontia. transplantation, allotriodontia. tumor of, odontoma, exostoma or exostosis dentium, odontosteophyte. tumor containing, odontocele; dentigerous cyst, der- moid cyst, without, edentulous, edentate, anodont, agomphious, toothless. teeth'ing. Dentition, the eruption or "cutting" of the teeth, especially of the milk teeth. teg'men, gen. teg'minis, pi. teg'mina [L. a cover, roof.] 1. A structure which covers or roofs over a part. 2. In botany, the inner coat of the seed. t. TEGMEN 998 TELEORGANIC cruris, tegmentum, t. mastoid'eum, the lamina pani [BNA], roof of the tympanum or middle ear, formed by the thinned superior (anterior) surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. t. ventric'uli quar'ti [BNA], roof of the fourth ventricle, formed in its upper part by the superior, or anterior, medullary velum stretch- ing between the two brachia conjunctiva, in its lotrer part by the inferior medullary velum and chiefly by the epithelial lining, the tela chori- oidea. t. ventriculo'runi, centrum semiovale [BNA]. tegmen'tal. Relating to any tegmentum or cover- ing, t. cells, cells roofing in or covering any delicate or highly difiEerentiated cells or structures. t. nu'cleus, nucleus ruber [BNA]. t. por'tion of the pons, dorsal portion of the pons, pars dorsalis pontis. tegmen'tum [L. cover.] The dorsal portion of the pedunculus (crus) cerebri, containing fibers pass- ing to the cortex. teg'min. Trade name of a. preparation like collo- dium. teg'ument. Integument. tegumen'tal. Relating to the integument, cuta- neous. tegumen'tary. Tegumental. Teichmann's crys'tals (tikh'mahn) [Ludwig Teich- mann, German histologist, 1823-1895.] Crystals of hemin. T.'s test, for blood; a scraping from the suspected spot is moistened with acetic acid, a little chloride of sodium is added, and the whole is warmed ; if the stain was of blood the rhombic crystals of hemin will be formed. teichopsia (ti-kop'sl-ah) [G. ieichos, wall, + opsis, vision.] Scintillating scotoma.* teinte B (tant ba) [Fr. for tint.] Tint B. te'la, gen. and pi. ie'l.] Polio- myelitis. tephro'sia. The herbage of Cracca virginiana, Turkey-pea, devil's shoestring, an herb of eastern North America ; anthelmintic. tephro'sls [G.] Incineration, cremation. tephrylom'eter [G. tephros, ashen, -1- hyle, stuff, -f- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the thickness of the cerebral cortex; it consists of a graduated tube of thin glass which is plunged into the brain substance, the depth of the gray matter being read off on the scale. tep'id [L. tepidus; tepere, to be lukewarm.] Luke- warm, t. bath, a bath in water at about 86° F. (30° C). tepida'rium [L.] x. A , hot-air chamber in the Roman bath. 2. A warm bath. TepUtz-Schoenau, Bohemia (teplits-she'now). Weak alkaline waters, 83° P. to 115° F. Many springs. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, paralysis, nervous diseases, incipient spinal affections, scrofulous disorders, ankylosis, fractures, chronic skin diseases, metallic poisoning, and syphilis. There are also peat or moor baths. May to Sep- tember 30. tepopote (tep-o-po'ta) [Am. Indian name.] Team- ster's tea. Ephedra* aniisyphiliiica. tep'Sr [L.] Lukewarmness, moderate warmth. ter [L.] Three times, thrice, t. in di'e [L. dies, day], three times a day; abbreviation, t. i. d. ter^abdell'a [G. tereo, I bore, + bdella, leech.] An artificial leech. ter'as, pi. ter'ata [G.] A monster, a fetus with defi- cient, redundant, misplaced, or misshapen parts. terat'ic. Relating to a monster. ter'atism. Teratosis. ter"atoblasto'ma [G. teras(tero«-), monster, + blastos, germ, -t- -oma.J Teratoma. teratogen'esis, teratogeny (ter-5-toj'en-I) [G. teres (ierai-), monster, + genesis, origin.] The origin or mode of production of a monster. ter'atoid [G. ieras(terat-), monster, + eidos, resem- blance.] Resembling a monster, t. tumor, tera- toma. teratological (ter"a-to-loj'l-kal). Relating to tera- tology. teratol'ogy [G. ieras(ierat-), monster, + -logia.'] The branch of science which deals with the pro- duction, the anatomy, and the classification of monsters. teratoma (ter-S-to'mah) [G. teras, monster, + -oma.J A tumor due to the inclusion in the individual of the products of development of independent or aberrant germ-cells; a dermoid tumor is a tera- toma, and so is, according to one theory, a cancer, t. stnuno'sum thryeoidea'le ova'rii, a t. of the ovary composed largely of thyroid gland tissue. terato'matous. Relating to or of the nature of a teratoma. teTatophobia (ter"&-to-fo'bi-ah) [G. teras(,terat-), monster, -f- phobos, fear.] Abnormal dread on the part*Of a pregnant woman lest she give birth to a monster. terato'sis [G. teras, monster.] Monstrosity, tera- tism. atre'sic t., one in which any of the normal openings, as the nares, mouth, anus, or vagina, is imperforate, ceas'mic t., a monstrosity in which there is a failure of the lateral halves of a part to unite, as in cleft palate, ectogen'ic t., one in which there is a deficiency of parts, ectop'ic t., one in which the organs or other parts are mis- placed, hypergen'ic t., one in which there is a redundancy of parts, symphys'ic t., one in which there is a fusion of normally separated parts, ter'bium. A rare metallic element, symbol Tb, atomic weight 159.2. terchloride (tur-klo'rid). A compouhd containing three atoms of chlorine in the molecule, two of {.CHLORIDE 1003 TERTIAN FEVER lich are capable of uniting with more of the ler element ; trichloride. [L.] Rub; a direction formerly used in sscription writing. jene, terebe'num (U.S., Br.). A thin colorless uid of an aromatic odor and taste, a mixture hydrocarbons obtained by the action of sul- uric acid on oil of turpentine; employed as an pectorant and in cystitis and urethritis in doses iiJlS-io (0.3-0.6). jinth. The tree, Pisiacia terebinthus, from lich Chian* turpentine is obtained; it is native the shores of the eastern Mediterranean. inthina (ter-e-bin'thl-nah) [L. fem. of tere- ithinus (from G. terebinthinos) , relating to tur- ntine; sc. reHwo, resin.] (N.F.) Turpentine, us americanum (Br.) , an oleoresin from Pinus dustris and other species of Pinus, the pitch nes; see oleum terebinihinm and resina. t, naden'sis (Br.), Canada turpentine, Canada ilsam, balsam of fir, a liquid oleoresin from bies balsamea, the balsam fir; a yellowish trans- irent viscid fluid of aromatic odor and slightly tter taste; employed like turpentine, but iefly for mounting microscopical specimens. chi'a, Chian* turpentine, t. lar'icis (N.P.),. rch turpentine, Venice turpentine, a trans- irent yellowish thick liquid, the oleoresin ob- ined from Larix europaa. )inthinate (ter-e-bin'thl-nat). 1. Containing or ipregnated with turpentine. 2. A preparation ntaining turpentine. linthine (ter-e-bin'thin). Terebinthinate (r). lin'thinism. Turpentine poisoning. irachesis (te're-brS-ke'sis) [L. teres, round, + brachys, short.] Shortening of the round liga- ents of the uterus. brant, ter'ebrating [L. ierehrare, to bore.] Dring, piercing; used figuratively, as in the term pain. iration (ter-e-bra'shun). i. The act of boring, of trephining. 2. A boring pain, s, gen. ter'etis, pi. ter'etes [L.] Round and long, iting certain muscles and ligaments; see liga- mtum teres, musculus teres, and musculus prona- ' teres. tiprona'tor. Musculus pronator teres [BNA]. tiscapula'ris. Musculus teres major, il (tur'gal) [L. tergum, back.] Relating to the ,ck, dorsal. )lat'eral. Dorsolateral. ;um [L.] The back. . [G. lerma, a limit, an end.] i. A definite or aited period. 2. (pi.) Menses, at t., at the irmal time, at the end of pregnancy; noting a irmal birth as distinguished from a miscarriage. la [G. a limit.] Lamina terminalis. at'ic. Relating to the terma, noting a small tery. 'inad [L. terminus + ad, to.] Toward the tremity or terminus. linal [L. terminus, a boundary, limit.] i. slating to the end, final. 2. Relating to the tremity or summit of any body. t. alve'olus, air-sac or pulmonary vesicle, t. ar'tery, an tery which gives off no branches but splits up once into capillaries, t. cone, conus medul- ris [BNA]. t. crest, crista terminalis [BNA]. demen'tia, dementia following an acute form insanity such as mania or melancholia, t. um, the slender termination of the spinal cord, um terminale. t. infec'tion, an infection with reptococci, staphylococci, or other pathogenic icteria, occurring in the course of a chronic disease and acting as the direct cause of death. t. thread, filum terminale. te.-mina'tion [L. terminus, end, limit.] The end, expiration, limit. tenninorogy [L. terminus, a term, + G. -logia.] i . Onomatology, the science of technical terms or words. 2. Nomenclature, the vocabulary of any science or branch of science. term'inus [L.] The end, the conclusion; the ex- tremity of any body. terms. Menses. ter'nary [L. ternarius, of three.] Noting a chemical compound containing three elements. temi'trate. Trinitrate. teroxide (tur-oks'id). Trioxide, a compound con- taining three atoms of oxygen, two of which are still capable of combining with the base. ter'pene. A hydrocarbon, CuHi,;, occurring in essential oils and resins. ter'pin. Turpentine camphor, a diatomic alcohol, C,(|Hi5(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on alcohol and turpentine, t. hy'drate, ter- pini* hydras, t. iodohy'drate, chroatol. terpin'eol. A colorless liquid with a lilac odor, CijHij.OH, obtained by heating terpin hydrate with diluted phosphoric acid ; one of the constit- uents of terpinol ; used to mask the odor of iodo- form. terpi'ni hy'dras (U.S.) Terpin hydrate, CioHjuOj-t- HgO, occurs in colorless lustrous prismatic crys- tals of a bitterish aromatic taste; employed as an expectorant in bronchitis and in the treat, ment of hay fev r, in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3.). ter'pinol. An oily liquid, with the odor of hyacinths- obtained by distilling terpin hydrate in the pres- ence of dilute mineral acids; it is a. mixture of terpineol, dipentene, and other similar substances ; expectorant in doses of 11^2-5 (0.13-0.3) terr'a [L.] Earth, soil. t. alba, white clay. t. fullon'ica, fuller's earth, t. japon'ica, catechu. t. sigilla'ta, bole. t. silic'ea purifica'ta (U.S.), purified siliceous or infusorial earth; boiled, washed, and calcined siliceous earth containing fragments of diatoms; a light fine white or gray powder, insoluble in water but readily absorbing moisture; employed in various pharmaceutical operations. terrain-cure (ter-an'kur) [Fr. from L terrenus, relating to the ground.] A system of treatment of heart diseases, anemia, and obesity chiefly, by means of diet and of walking exercises taken in accurate dosage, along paths of measured as- cent and measured length, see Oertel's* method. terr'ace. To suture in several rows, in closing a wound through a considerable thickness of tissue. terr'aline. Trade name of a petroleum jelly, resembling vaseline; recommended for internal use in tuberculosis. Terrillon's operation (te-re-yawn') [Octave Roch Simon Terrillon, French surgeon, *i844.] Re- moval of hydatids by gradual constriction with an elastic ligature. tersulphate (tur-sul'fat). A sulphate containing three molecules of sulphuric acid, of which two are still capable of combining with the base. tersulphide (tur-sul'fid) . A compound contain- ing three atoms of sulphur united with one of the other element; trisulphide. tertian fe'ver (tur'shim) [L. tertianus, relating to a third (thing).] A malarial fever, the paroxysms of which recur every other day (every third day, reckoning the day of the paroxysm as the first). It is caused by the sporulation and invasion of new red blood-corpuscles by a protozoan blood-para- TERTIAN FEVER 1004 TEST site, Plasmodium vivax. In double tertian or quotidian fever, a paroxysm occurs every day, those of the alternate days being similar; it is due to infection by two groups of parasites so that those of one or the other group spor-jlate every day. tertiarism, tertiarismus (tur'shyar-izm, tur-shyar- iz'mus). All the symptoms of the tertiary stage of syphilis taken collectively, t. d'embUe (doii- bla'), the occurrence of tertiary syphilitic symp- toms, without distinct secondaries, in the mother of a child with hereditary taint from a syphilitic father. tertiary (tur'shl-er-J) [L. iertiarius, containing one- third.] Third in order, t. al'cohol, an alcohol formed by the substitution of three alkyl mole- cules for as many hydrogen atoms, t. syph'ilis, see syphilis. tertipara (tur-tip'ah-rah) [L. tertius, third, -I- parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne three children. Tesla cur'rent (tesh'lah) [Nikola Tesla, American electrician of Hungarian birth, *i857.] High frequency current, one of high tension with very rapid alternation, employed therapeutically by the d' Arson val method. teslaization (tesh-lah-i-za'shun). Therapeutic em- ployment of the Tesla current, d'Arsonvaliza- tion. tess'ellated [L. tessella, a small square stone.] Made up of small squares, checkered, t. epithe'lium, pavement epithelium made of overlapping squamous cells. test [L. testum, an earthen vessel.] 1. To try a sub- stance, to prove, to determine the chemical nature of a substance by means of reagents, z. A method of examination to determine the presence or absence of a definite disease, as the tuberculin test ; or the presence or absence of some substance in any of the fluids or excretions of the body, as a test for albumin or sugar in the urine. 3. A substance used in making a test, a reagent. 4. Testa. (For tests not included in the following list, see under reaction and under the name of the inventor of the test.) ac'etone t., the sus pected urine is shaken up with a few drops of sodium nitroprusside, and strong ammonia water is then gently poured over the mixture; if acetone is present, a magenta ring forms at the line of contact, at'ropine t., Dehio's* test, bead t., Ein- hom's* test, belt t., firm upward pressure on the lower part of the abdomen will remove the feeling of discomfort in cases of enteroptosia. ben'zidin t,, for blood: the suspected fluid is treated with glacial acetic acid and ether, and the latter is then decanted and treated with hydrogen per- oxide and a solution of benzidin in acetic acid; the presence of blood is indicated by a bluish color turning to purple, biu'ret t., for urea; caustic soda is added and then a copper stilphate solution drop by drop; the presence of urea is indicated by a pink color, changing to bluish, of the solution, blister t., Roger- Josu^ t. ; a blister is made on the skin and fluid from it is examined, especially for eosinophils; if these exist in a proportion of less than 25 per cent., the case is probably one of an infectious disease, calor'ic t., see Bdrdny's* sign, conjunc'tival t., con- junctival* reaction, cur'rant t., a meal of cur- rants is given and if the seeds are not found in the stools until after more than twenty-four hours, there is impaired gastric motility, fatigue' t., fatigue reaction.* fermenta'tion t., for sugar in the urine; yeast is added to the suspected urine in an inverted test-tube; if sugar is present fer- mentation will take place in a few hours, the amount of sugar being estimated by the bulk oi carbonic acid formed, film t., Ross's* t. fis'tula t., compression or rarefaction of the air in the external auditory canal excites nystagmus when there is an erosion of the inner bony wall of the tympanum, so long as the labyrinth is still cap able of functioning; when the tympanic wall is intact, no nystagmus occurs, girdle t., for a splanchnoptosia ; the examiner stands behind the patient and makes both hands meet in front of the abdomen of the latter, pulling back and raising the viscera imtil the patient experiences relief; then the support is suddenly withdrawn and if ptosis of the viscera is present the patient will experience pain and sometimes dizziness, glycyltryp'- tophan t., see glycyltryptophan. guai'ac t., Alm^n's* blood test, hy'drogen t., for arsenic. Marsh's* test, hydrostat'ic t., if the lungs of a dead infant float in water it is a sign that the child was bom alive, Raygat's t. hypere'mia t., Moszkowicz's* test, iod'ipin t., Heichel- heim's test, see under iodipin. meth'ylene- blue t., 0.05 gram of this substance in i c.c. of water is injected subcutaneously and if the urine becomes blue within half an hour it is as.sumed that the renal permeability is un- impaired; called also the Achard-Cartaigne method, murex'ide t., Weidel's test for uric acid, see under murexide. nystag'mus t., Barany's* test, or'cin t., Bial's* test, phe"- nolsulphonephthal'ein t., see this word. phlorid'zin t., after the exhibition of a mixture of 30 grains each of phloridzin and sodium bicar- bonate, glycosuria occurs if the kidneys are healthy; if there is renal insufficiency little or no sugar appears in the urine, phloroglu'cin t., for glycuronates and pentose in the urine; the addi- tion of a hydrochloric-acid solution of phloro- glucin to the urine will give a reddish color in the presence of pentose or the glycuronates. pre- cip'itin t., (i) a biological test for human blood; to the suspected fluid, or washings from a sus- picious stain, immune serum from an animal which has received peritoneal injections of human blood is added; if the stain is of human blood, there will be a precipitation on addition of the immune serum; (2) Ascoli* reaction, resor'cin t., Boas's* test, saf'ranin t., for sugar in the urine; safranin is added to a mixture oi equal parts of the suspected urine and a normal solution of caustic soda, and will dissolve when the mixture is heated to 82° C. (180° F.) ii sugar is present, se'rum t., see Uhlenhuth's* method, shad'ow t., retinoscopy. sil'ver t.j for sugar in the urine ; when the suspected fluid is boiled with a solution of silver nitrate and ammo- nia, if glucose is present metallic silver will be formed, sponge t., a hot sponge is passed down the spinal column; if caries is present pain will be felt as the sponge passes over the spot, sta'tion t., for ataxia; the subject is made tc stand with the feet together and the eyes shut and if ataxia is present there will be marked swaying of the body. sul'phuT t., for albumin the suspected liquid is mixed with lead acetate and sodium hydrate and heated; if any pro- tein is present there will be a black precipitate of sulphide of lead, three-glass t., the bladdei is emptied by passing urine into a series oi three-ounce test-tubes, and the contents oi the flrst and the last are examined; the first tube contains the washings from the anterior urethra, the second, materia from the bladder, and the last, material fron .ST 1005 TETANIA he_ posterior urethra, prostate, and seminal ■esicles. tryp'tophan t., see tryptophan, tuber'- ulin t., an injection of a small dose of tuberculin rill produce no reaction in a non-tuberculous ubject, but will be followed by fever and a seal swelling if the person has tuberculosis; he same method is used in testing cattle for uberculosis. a (tes'tah) [L. sheU.] A shell; egg-shell. 2. An nvelope of certain forms of protozoa, consisting of ■arious earthy materials cemented to a chitinous lase. 3. In botany, the outer, sometimes the nly, coat of the seed. t. ovi, powdered eggshell, ccasionally employed as an antacid, t. prepara'- a, prepared oyster-shell, powdered oyster shells, onsisting chiefly of calcium carbonate; this was ifficial in the U.S.P. of 1870, and was employed as n antacid like chalk. ta'cea [L. testa, shell.] A group of Amabea, in rhich the cells are provided with a firm chitinous nvelope, often containing earthy material, with n opening through which the pseupodia are irotruded. la'ceous. Relating to or provided with a shell. aden (test-ad'en) [L. testis + G. aden, gland.] >ade name of a preparation of bullock's esticles. amen'tary [L. testamenium, a will.] Relating o a will or testament, t. capac'ity, the ability, hrough mental soundness and legal right, to ?rite a valid will. :-break'fast. Test-meal; see Boas and Ewald. lec'tomy [L. testis + G. ektome, excision.] Orchid- ctomy, castration. tes. Plural of testis. ibrachial (tes-tJ-bra'kl-al). Relating to the tes- ibrachia, superior cerebellar peduncles, or irachia conjunctiva. ibrachium (tes-ti-bra'kl-um) [L. testis, one of the orpora quadrigemina, -I- brachium, arm.] A uperior cerebellar peduncle, brachium conjunc- ivum [BNA]. icie (tes'tl-kl) [L. iesticulus, dim. of testis.] One f the male reproductive glans, normally present II the cavity of the scrottmi; testis [BNA], orchis. iver'ted t., one which is rotated in the scrotum, he epididymis being anterior, irr'itable t., euralgia of the t. pulpy t., medullary sarcoma f the t. retained t., undescend'ed t., failure of he testicle to descend into the scrotum, it being etained in the abdomen or inguinal canal. bsence, anorchism, anorchidia. atrophy, orchiatro- hia, orchidatrophy, descent of the, orchidocatabasis. nlargement, orchidauxe. ezcision, orchiectomy, rchidectomy, orchectomy, didymectomy, castration, rcMtomy, orchotomy, orchiotomy, fusion of the 7ro, synorchism, synorchidism. hernia, orchiocele, rchocele. inflammation, orchitis, orchiditis, didy- litis; gonorrhorchitis (gonorrheal); didymopyia suppurative); periorchitis, albuginitis (of tissue Ltrrounding) ; epididymitis (of epididymis), non- escent, cryptorchism, cryptorchidism, _ enorchism ; lonorchidism, monorchidia (of one testicle), pain, rchialgia, orchidalgia, orchiodynia, orchidodynia, rchioneuralgia, didymalgia, didymodynia. plastic argery, orchioplasty, person with more than two, olyorchid, polyorchis. person with one, monorchid, lonorchis; ridgel, ridgeling (applied to a horse). erson with three, tr'orchid triorcnis. person without, norchid, eunuch, person with undescended, testicond. resence of but one, monorchism, presence of more lan two, polyorchism, presence or three, triorchism. slating tOf orchic, testicular, suture of an ectopic, rchidorrhaphy, orchiorrhaphy, orchidopexy, orchi- pexy. swelling, gonocele, gonoscheocele, orchid- uxe, orchidoncus. tumor, orchidocele, orchocele, ircocele, orchidoncus; orchidotyloma, orchidotuber- ulum, orchidosponeioma (tuberculous); orchiden- ephaloma, orchidomyeloma, orchidoscirrhus (malig- nant) ; orchiohydatidoma (hydatid cyst) ; spermatocele (cystic, containing spermatozoa) ; orchiostosis (bony) . tes'ticond [L. testis + condere, to hide.] A person, having imdescended testicles. testic'ular. Relating to the testicles, t. cord, sper- matic cord, funiculus* spermaticus [BNA]. t. duct, vas deferens, ductus* deferens [BNA]. t. fluid, t. juice, spermin. t. ther'apy, treatment of senile debility and certain nervous affections by means of injections of t. fluid or extract. testic'ulin. Trade name of a preparation of testic- ular fluid. testlc'ulus [L.] Testicle. tes'tidin. Trade name of a preparation of testic- ular fluid. tes'timony [L. testimonium; testis, a witness.] The oral evidence given in a court of law. ex'pert t., testimony regarding the medical facts in a case at law, given by one whose training and special knowledge warrant him in speaking authorita- tively, i tes'tin, tes'tlne. Trade name of an extract of the testicles of a ram or bullock ; spermin. tes'tis, pi. testes [L.] i. Testicle, one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the cavity of the scrotum. 2. Postopticus, one of the inferior pair of the corpora quadrigemina, coUiculus* inferior [BNA]. descent' of the t., the gradual change of position of the testis, in the fetus and infant^ from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum. tJ cer'ebri, postopticus, coUiculus inferior [BNA], t. foemin'eus, t. mulieb'iis, ovary, t. reduz, a. condition in which there is a tendency in the tes- ticle to ascend to the upper part of the scrotum or into the inguinal canal, t. viri'lis, the male testicle. testitis (tes-ti'(te')tis) [L. testis, testicle, + G. -itis.'\ Orchitis. Testivin's sign (tes-te-van'). The formation of a thin pellicle, like gold-beaters' skin, on albumin- free urine after treatment with an acid and ether, alleged by the author to be a [prodromal sign of an infectious disease. test-meal. A simple meal, usually of a roll and sometimes a cup of coffee, given on an empty stomach; after a definite period the contents of the stomach are withdrawn and their condition furnishes evidence as to the digestive power of the stomach. ' test-object. An object having very fine surface markings, mounted on a slide, used to determine the defining power of the object lens of a micro- scope. test-paper. A strip of filter-paper dipped in a solu- tion of litmus or other reagent and dried; used to determine the acid or alkaline reaction of a fluid by its change of color when moistened with it. test-solu'tion. A solution of some reagent used in the test for sugar in the urine, and in other chem- ical operations. test-tube. A tube of thin glass closed at one end, used in the examination of urine and other chemi- cal operations, for bacterial cultures, etc. test-types. Black letters of various sizes printed on a card, used to test the acuity of vision; see Jaeger and Snellen. teta'nia. Tetany, t. gas'trica, a form associated with gastric disorder affecting the muscles of the extremities and of respiration t. epidem'ica, t. rheumatica. t. parathyreopri'va, tetany follow- ing excision of the parathyroid glands, t. rheu- mat'ica, an acute epidemic form of tetany, of several weeks' duration, occurring chiefly in winter. TETANIC 1006 TETRACID tetanic (t2-tan'ik). i. Relating to or marked by- tetanus. 2. An agent, such as strychnine, which in poisonous doses produces tonic muscular spasm. t. convul'sion, tonic convulsion, one marked by firm and constant muscular contraction. tetan'icum, pi. tetan'ica. Tetanic (2). tetan'iform [L. tetanus + forma, form.] Resem- bling tetanus. tetanigenous (tS-tan-ij'en-us) [G. teianos, tetanus, + gennao, I produce.] Causing tetanus or tetani- form spasms. tetanill'a [L. dim. of tetanus.] i. Fibrillary myo- clonia. 2. Tetany. tet'anin. Tetanotoxin. tet'anism. A more or less continuous general muscular hypertonicity in young infants; myoto- nia neonatorum. tetaniza'tion. i. The act of tetanizing the muscles. 2. A condition of tetaniform spasm. tet'anize. To cause tonic spasm in a muscle. tef'anocann'abine. A substance found in cannabis indica, the same as choline. tetanode (tet'an-od) [G. tetanos, tetanus, + eidos, resemblance.] i. Tetanoid. 2. Noting the quiet interval between the recurrent tonic spasms in tetanus. tet'anoid [G. tetanos, tetanus, + eidos, resemblance.] ±. Tetaniform. 2. Tetanilla, tetany, t. fever, cerebrospinal meningitis, t. paraple'gia, see paraplegia, t. pseu"doparaple'gia, spastic spinal paralysis.* tetanorysin. A hemolytic toxin formed by Bacillus tetani; the toxin causing the characteristic symp- toms is tetanospasmin. tetanom'eter [G. tetanos, tetanus, -I- metron, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the force of tonic muscular spasms. tetanomo'tor [L. tetanus -H motor, a. mover.] An instrument by means of which tonic spasms are produced by the mechanical irritation of a ham- mer striking the motor nerve of the muscle affected. tef'anospas'min. The one of the two toxins of Bacillus tetani which causes the characteristic symptoms; the other toxin is called tetanolysin. tetanotox'in, A ptomaine derived from cultures of Bacillus tetani. tet'anus [L. ; G. tetanos, tension.] i. An infectious disease marked by painful tonic muscular con- tractions; it i6 caused by the toxin (tetanospas- min) of Bacillus tetani acting upon the central nervous system; see emprosthotonos, opisthotonos, and pleurothotonos. 2. A tonic muscular contrac- tion, ^especially one induced by an electrical cur- rent, acous'tic t., experimental t. induced by a faradic current, the speed of which is estimated by the pitch of the vibrations, an'odal clo'sure t., a tetanic muscular contraction occurring during the time the circuit is closed, the current then rimning, while the positive pole is applied, an'- odal o'pening t., a tonic contraction in a muscle, to which the anode is applied, when the circuit is opened, apyret'ic t., benign t., tetany, cath'oda clo'sure t., a tetanic muscular contraction 9ccur- ring during the time the circuit is closed, the cur- rent then running, while the negative pole is applied, cath'odal o'pening t., a tonic contraction in a muscle, to which the cathode is applied, when the circuit is opened, cephal'ic t., tonic spasms following injury to the facial nerve. cer'ebral t., (i) cephalic t. ; (2) experimental t. produced in animals by an injection of tetano- spasmin into the brain substance, drug t., tonic spasms caused by strychnine or other tetanic. exten'sor t., t. affecting chiefly the extensor mus- cles, flexor t., t. affecting chiefly the flexor muscles, hydropho'bic t., cephalic t. idio- path'lc t., t. occurring without any visible wound to serve as a portal of entry for the specific bacillus, intermitt'ent t., tetany, med'ical t., idiopathic t. post-par'tum t., puerperal t. puer'- peral t., t. occurring during the puerperium from infection of the obstetric wound, rheumafic t., idiopathic t. t. anti'cus, emprosthotonos. t. comple'tus, t. involving most of the muscles of the body, generalized t. t. dorsa'lis, opisthotonos, t. latera'lis, pleurothotonos. t. nascen'tium, t. neonato'rum, a form of t. affecting newborn in- fants, especially in the West Indies, possibly due to infection through the open end of the severed umbilical cord. t. posti'cus, t. dorsalis. toxic t., drug t. traumat'ic t., t. following infection of a wound, u'terine t., puerperal t. tet'any. A disorder marked by intermittent tonic muscular contractions, accompanied b^ fibrillary tumors, paresthesias, and muscular pains; the hands are usually first affected, the spasms occur- ring later in the face trunk, and sometimes the laryngeal muscles; there is increased irritability of the motor and sensory nerves to electrical and mechanical stimuli; the disorder occurs with gastric and intestinal troubles, after exhausting diseases, and as a consequence of removal of the parathyroids, dura'tion t., a tonic spasm occur- ring in degenerated muscles upon application of a strong galvanic current, epidem'ic t., tetania rheumatica. gastric t., tetania gastrica. para- thyreop'rival t., tetania parathyreopriva. rheu- mafic t., tetania rheumatica. tetarcone (tet'ar-kon) . Tetartocone. tetartanopia tetartanopsia (tet"ar-tan-o'pI-ah, -op'sl- ah) [G. tetartos, fourth, -I- an- priv. -I- dps, eye; + opsis, vision.] Loss of vision in an homonymous quadrant in each field, quadrantic hemianopsia. tetartocone (tS-tar'to-kon) [G. Utartos, fourth, -t- konos, a cone.] The fourth or distolingual cusp of a molar tooth of the upper jaw. tetartoconid (tg-tar"to-kon'id) . The fourth or distolingual cusp of a molar tooth of the lower jaw. tethelin (teth'e-lin) [G. tethelos, p.p. of ihallo, I flourish.] The growth-controlling principle iso- lated from the anterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri; pitglandin. tet'mil. Ten millimeters. tet'ra-. A prefix to words formed from Greek roots, meaning four. tetraba'sic [G. tetra-, four, + basis, base.] Noting an acid having four replaceable hydrogen atoms. tetrablas'tic [G. tetra, four, -f hlastos, germ.] Hav ing four germinal layers, namely endoderm, ectoderm, and two layers of mesoderm. tetraboric acid (tet"rah-bo'rik as'id). Pyroboric acid. tetrabrachius (tet"rah-bra'kl-us) [G. tetra-, four, + hrachion, arm.] A monster with four arms. tetrachirus (tet-ra-ki'rus) [G. tetra-, four, -I- cheir, hand.] A monster having four hands. tetrachloric acid (tet-rah-klo'rik as'id). Perchloric acid. tetrachlo'ride. A compound containing four atoms of chlorine to one atom of the other element or one radical equivalent. . tetrachlormeth'ane. Carbon tetrachloride. tetracid (tet-ras'id) [G. tetra-, four, + L. acidus, acid.] Noting a base having four replaceable hydroxyl groups. TETRACOCCUS 1007 TEUCRIN tetracoc'cus. Micrococcus ietragenus. tetracrotic (tet-rah-krot'ik) [G. ieira-, four, + krotos, a striking.] Noting a pulse curve with four up- strokes in the cycle, that is with three interrup- tions in the descending limb in addition to the summit of the systolic wave, called also catatri- crotic. tet'rad [G. Utras, the number four.] i. A collection of four things having something in common. 2. In chemistry, a quadrivalent element. 3. In heredity, a bivalent chromosome which divides into four in the maturation division. tetradac'tyl [G. tetra-, four, -t- daktylos, finger.] Having only four fingers or toes on each hand or foot. tetrad'ic. Relating to a tetrad. tetiagen'ic. Relating to or produced by Micrococ- cus ietragenus. tetragenous (tS-traj'en-us). Producing fours; not- ing a schizomycete dividing in two planes, thus producing groups of four, such as Micrococcus ietragenus. tet'ragon, tetrago'num [G. tetra-, four, + gonia, angle.] Quadrangle.' t. lumba'le, lumbar quad- rangle, a space bounded laterally by the obliquus extemus abdominis muscle, medially by the sacrospinalis, above by the serratus posterior inferior, and below by the obliquus intemus abdominis. tetrago'nus. Quadrangular, a name given to the musculus* platysma [BNA]. Tetragyn'ia [G. tetra-, four, + gyne, female.] An order of plants, in the Linnean system, the flowers of which have four pistils. tetrahy'dric. Noting a compound containing four replaceable hydrogen atoms. tetrahy"droparaqmnan^isol. Thalline sulphate. tetraiodoethylene (tet-rah-i"o-do-eth'il-en). Diio- doform. tetraiodopyrrhol (tet-rah-i"o-do-pir'ol). lodol. tetramas'tia [G. tetra-, four, + mastos, breast.] Tetramazia. tetramas'tous. Having four breasts. tetrama'zia [G. tetra-, four, + mazos, breast.] The presence of four breasts. tetramas'tigote [G. tetra-, four, + mastix(mastig-), whip.] Noting a protozoan or other microorgan- ism provided with four iiagella. tetram'elus [G. tetra-, four, -1- melos, limb.] Tetras- celus. tetramer'ic, tetram'erous [G. teira-, four, -I- meros, part.] Having four parts, or parts arranged in groups of four. ■tetrameth"ylenedi'amine. Putrescine. tetrameth"ylputres'cine. A poisonous derivative of putrescine, having the formula CgH juNj, similar in its action to miuscarine. Tetran'dria [G. tetra-, four, + aner(andr-), male.] A class of plants, in the Linnean system, the flowers of which have four stamens. tetrani'trol. Erythrol tetranitrate, obtained by the nitration of erythrol, a tetratomic al- cohol ; occurs in colorless scales ; a vasodilator and antispasmodic in doses of gr. -J-i (0.03- 0.06). -tetranop'sia [G. tetra-, four, + an- priv. + opsis, vision.] Diminution of the visual field by one- quarter. T^etranychus (tS-tran'I-kus) [G. tetra-, four, + onyx (onych-), nail, claw.] A genus of mites, chiefly injurious to plants, but some species of which are troublesome to man, sometimes burrowing under the skin. tetraophthal'mus. Tetrophthalmus. tetrao'tus. Tetrotus. tetrapet'alous. Having four petals. tetraphar'macon [G. tetra-, four, + pharmakon, a drug.] An ointment compounded of pitch, rosin, wax, and lard. tetraple'gia [G. tetra-, four, -^ plege, stroke.] Paral- ysis affecting the four extremities. tet'rapus [G. tetra-, four, + pous, foot.] A monster with four feet. tetrascelus (tS-tras'el-us) [G. tetra-, four, + skelos, leg.] A monster with four legs. tetraschistic (tet-rah-skis'tik) [G. tetra-, four, + sckisis, division.] Tetragenous. tetrasep'alous. Having four sepals. tetras'ter [G. tetra-, four, -t- aster, star.] A figure exceptionally and abnormally occurring in mitosis, in which there are four asters. tetiastichiasis (tet-rah-stJ-ki'a-sis) [G. tetrct-, four, -H sticJtos, row.] The arrangement of the eyelashes in foiir TOWS. tetras'toma [G. tetra-, four, -t- stoma, mouth.] A trematode worm or fluke Trhich has been found in the urine and is thought to be occasionally para- sitic somewhere in the urinary tract. tetratom'ic [G. ietra-, four, + atomos, atom.] Noting a quadrivalent element or radical ; tetradic. tetravaccine (tet-rah-vak'sen) [G. tetras, the number four.] A vaccine recommended by Castellani, consisting of a mixture of dead cul- tures of typhoid, paratyphoid A, paratyphoid B, and cholera. tetrav'alent [G. tetra-, four, + L. valens, worth.] Quadrivalent. tetrelle (te-trel') [Fr. dim. of tetin, nipple.] An appliance by means of which the feeble sucking of a weakly infant is made effectual by supple- mentary suction of the mother. Tet'rodon [G. tetra-, four, + odous{pdont-), tooth.] A genus of tropical or subtropical fishes, in- cluding a poisonous species of Eastern Asiatic seas. tetrod'onine. A poisonous ptomaine from the roe of a species of Tetrodon, a fish of Japanese and Chinese waters; one of the fugu poisons of Japan. tet'ronal. Diethlysulphone-diethylmethane, CjHj,,- S2O4, occurring in colorless shining plates, soluble in 450 parts of water, readily soluble in alcohol; hypnotic in doses of gr. 15-30 (1.0-2.0). tetrophthal'mos, tetrophthal'mus [G. tetra-, four, + ophthalmos, eye.] A monster with four eyes. tet'rose. Erythrose, a monosaccharid, C^HjO^, the molecule of which contains but four carbon atoms. tetro'tus [G. tetra-, four, + ousiot-"), earj A mon- ster with four ears. tetrox'ide. An oxide, the molecule of which con- tains four oxygen atoms. tett'er [A.S. teter.] i. A pruriginous skin disease of animals, contagious, and sometimes communi- cable to man. 2. A term popularly applied to eczema, lupus, and various other cutaneous disorders, blister t., pemphigus, brawny t., dandruff, seborrhea capitis, crusted t., impetigo, dry t., scaly eczema, psoriasis, eating t., lupus. hon'eycomb t., porrigo favosa, favus. humid t., moist or weeping eczema, milk t., crusta lactea. moist t., humid t., scaly t., dry t. tet'y. A skin disease of uncertain nature, occurring in Madagascar; it is marked chiefiy by a pustular eruption around the mouth. teu'ciin. A g^ucoside, CjiHj^O,,, from several species of Teucrium; employed as a tonic and nervine in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). TEUCRIUM 1008 THANATOLOGY Teu'crium [G. teukrion, germander.] A genus of plants of the order Labiaias, the germanders, several species of which have been more or less employed in medicine. T. canaden'sis, Ameri- can germander, wood-sage, has been employed in various functional nervous affections in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6—2.0). Teutleben's lig'aments (toyt'la-ben). Lateral folds uniting the pericardium and diaphragm. teutlose (tutloz) [G. ieutlon, beet.] A saccharose from beetroot. Tez'as fe'ver. Redwater fever, bovine hemoglo- binuria, bovine malaria, southern cattle fever; an infectious disease of cattle in the Southwestern United States and other subtropical regions ; it is marked by fever, splenic enlargement, gastritis, and hemoglobinuria; the cause is the presence in the blood of a protozoan parasite, Babesia bigeminum, which is transmitted by a tick Margaropus annulatus. Tex'as Sour Springs, Texas. Acid-saline-chalyb- eate waters. Five springs. Used by drinking and locally in disorders of women, pharyngitis, and conjunctivitis. Called also Caldwell Springs. tes'is [G.] Childbearing. tex'tiform [L. textum, something woven, + forma, form.] Reticular, tissue-like, web-like. tez'tural. Relating to the texture of the tissues. tex'ture [L. iextura; texere, to weave.] The com- position or structure of a tissue or organ. tez'tus [L. texere, to weave.] A tissue. TGI [tuberculin + Ft. globulineuse, "globulinous."] V. Behring's formula for a globulin constituent of the tubercle bacillus soluble in a 10 per cent, salt solution. Th. Chemical symbol of thorium. thalamen'cephal. Thalamencephalon. thal'amencephal'ic. Relating to the thalamenceph- alon. thalamencephalon (thal"am-en-sef'a.-lon) [G. thal- amos, thalamus, + enkephalos, brain.] Thal- amic brain, diencephalon, interbrain, 'tween- brain, the hinder original part of the fore- brain; it includes the thalamus, the epithalamus (pineal body), and the metathalamus (geniculate bodies) . thalamic (thal-am'ik) . Relating to the optic thalamus, t. brain, thalamencephalon. t. ep'ilepsy, epilepsy due to disease of the thal- amus, t. syn'drome, hemianesthesia, slight hemiplegia and hemiataxia with more or less complete astereognosis, severe paroxysmal pain on the hemiplegic side and choreo-athetoid movements in the members of the same side, associated with a destructive lesion of the optic thalamJs. t. te'nia, taania thalami. thalamocele, thalamocoele (thal'am-o-sSl) [G. thala- mos + koilia, a hollow.] The third ventricle of the brain. thalamocor'tical. Relating to the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. thalamocru'ral [L. crus{crur-), leg.] Relating to the thalamus and one of the cerebral peduncles, or crura. thal"amolentic"ular. Relating to the thalamus and the nucleus lentiformis. thal"amomamm'illary. Relating to the thalamus and the mammillary bodies, corpora* mamillaria. t. fascic'ulus, bundle of Vicq* d'Azyr. thalamopedun'cular. Thalamocrural. thal'amotegmen'tal. Relating to the thalamus and the tegmentum, noting a tract of white fibers passing from the thalamus through the tegmen- tun> to the opposite side of the spinal cord. thal'amus [G. thalamos, a bed, a bedroom.] [BNA] Optic thalamus, a large ovoid mass of gray sub- stance, with a flattened inner or medial surface, lying in the path of each pedunculus cerebri; from it fibers pass to all portions of the cortex; it is made up of two segments, anterior and posterior, the latter being also called pulvinar. t. op'ticus, optic thalamus, thalamus [BNA] thalassin (th^-las'sin) [G. thalassa, the sea.] A poisonous principle, antagonistic to congestine, isolated (with the latter) from Anemone scultetus; it causes redness of the skin, and itching and congestion of the nasal mucous membrane with sneezing. thalassopho'bia [G. thalassa, sea, + phobos, fear.] Unreasoning fear of the sea. thalassother'apy [G. thalassa, the sea, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by a residence at the seashore, by sea-bathing, or by a sea- voyage. Thalic'trum [G. thaliktron.] A genus of plants of the order Ranunculacece, several species of which contain berberine. thaHctrine. A yellowish poisonous alkaloid from a species of Thalictrum. thal'line. The methylether of tetrahydropara- oxyquinoline, occurring in white prismatic crystals very sparingly soluble in water, t. sal'icylkte, a reddish crystalline powder, employed as an in- testinal antiseptic and antirheumatic in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). t. sul'phate, tetrahydropara- quinanisol, a white granular powder or needle- shaped crystals, soluble in 7 parts of water; antiseptic, hemostatic, and antipyretic, employed in typhoid fever in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5) and in 2 to 5 per cent, solution as an injection in subacute and chronic gonorrhea, t. tar'trate, in white crystalline powder, used for the same purposes as the sulphate, and in the same dose. thalliniza'tion. The production of the systemic effects of thalline or its salts. thall'ium [G. thallos, a green twig.] A soft, lustrous white metallic element, symbol Tl, atomic weight 204. t. ac'etate, has been employed in night sweats in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). t. sul- phate has been recommended in i per cent, solu- tion as an injection in cystitis. Thalloph'yta [G. thallos, a green twig, + phyton, plant.] A subkingdom of plants, including the lower cryptogams — among them the alg» and fungi. thall'us [G. thallos, a young shoot.] In botany, a plant body without differentiation into true root, stem, or leaf. Thalmann's a'gar (tahl'mahn). See under agar. Thamm's tuber'culin. See under tuberculin. thamu'ria [G. thama, often, -H ouron, urine.] Fre- quent micturition, poUakiuria. than"atognomon'ic [G. thanatos, death, + gndmoni- kos, fit to give judgment.] Of fatal prognosis, indicating the approach of death. thanatobiological (than'S-to-bi-o-lojI-kal) [G. than- atos, death, 4- bios, life, + -logia.] Relating to the processes concerned in life and death. thanatog'raphy [G. thanatos, death, -I- graphe, description .] 1 . A description of one's symptoms and thoughts while dying. 2. A treatise on death. than'atoid [G. thanatos, death, -I- eidos, resemblance.] 1. Resembling death. 2. Mortal : deadly. than'atol. Trade name of a disinfectant prepara- tion of pyrocatechin ethyl ether. thanatol'ogy [G. thanatos, death, -|- -logia.] The branch of science which treats of death in all its aspects. i-f^^XAlUiWAJNlA 1009 THENAD Jiatoma'nia [G. thanatos, death, + mania, frenzy.] suicidal mania. Jiatom'eter [G. thanatos, death, + metron, meas- u-e.] An instrument to determine the presence )f death; one form is a thermometer for taking the ntemal temperature. aatophid'ia [G. thanatos, death, + ophis, a ser- Jent.] Venomous snakes. natopho'bia [G. thanatos, death, + phobos, fear.] \n extreme and abnormal fear of death. Jiatop'sia, than'atopsy [G. thanatos, death, + )psis, view.] Necropsy, autopsy. nato'sis [G. thanatos, death.] Necrosis j gangrene. me's meth'od [George Dancer Thane, English matomist, contemporary.] For indicating the josition of the fissure of Rolando j the upper end of he fissure corresponds to the midpoint of a line lra,wn from the glabella to the inion. p'sia. The resin of Thapsia garganica and r. selphium, plants of the Mediterranean re- ^on of Europe and Africa; employed as a con- tituent of a stimulant plaster used in skin Liseases. Tin [G. tramis.'] Intestine. umatropy (thaw-mat'ro-pl) [G. thauma, a won- ler, + trope, a turning.] The transforming of »ne form of tissue into another. umatuTgic (tha-w-mS-tur'jik) [G. thauma(thau- nat-), a. wonder, + ergon, work.] Miraculous; aagical. 'a. Tea, the dried leaf of a plant of the genus 7ameUia, formerly called Thea. t. nigra, black ea, prepared by allowing the leaves to wilt and :eeping them in heaps for some time before dry- og. t. vir'idis, green tea, prepared by drying the eaves rapidly immediately after picking, with- lut allowing them to wilt or macerate. aism (the'ah-izm). Theism. ba'ic [L. ihebaicus, relating to Thebes, whence ipium was formerly obtained.] Relating to or lerived from opium. baicine (the-ba'i-sen). An amorphous alkaloid, someric with thebenine, derived from thebaine )y the action of dilute acids. baine (the'bah-en). Paramorphine, CuHjiNO,, ,n alkaloid obtained from opium ; occurs in white hining scales; it causes tetanic convulsions, esembling strychnine in its action. baism (theT^ah-izm). Opiumism, opium addic- ion. "benine. An amorphous alkaloid isomeric with hebaicine and, like it, derived from thebaine by he action of dilute acids. sbe'sian. Relating to or described by Adam Ihristian Thebesius, a German physician, 1686- 732, T. foram'ina, the openings of the Thebe- ian veins on the inner surface of the right atrium f the heart, foramina* venarum minimarum. '. valve, valvula sinus coronarii. T. veins, venae ordis minimae. ca, pi. the'ccB (the'kah) [G. theke, a box.] L sheath, especially the synovial sheath of a endon. t. cordis, pericardium, t. follic'uli, he outer wall of a Graafian follicle, derived rom the stroma of the ovary, t. ten'dinis, he synovial sheath of a tendon, t. vertebra'- is, the spinal dura mater. 'cal. Relating to a sheath, especially a tendon- teath. citis (the-si'(se')tis) [G. theke, box (sheath), + itis.] Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon, endovaginitis. 'codont [G. theke, box, 4- odous(odont-), tooth.] laving the teeth inserted in alveoli. 94 XhecoBo'ma, Thecoso'mum [G. theke, box (sheath), + soma, body.] Schistosomum. thecostegnosia, thecostegnosis (the"ko-steg-no'sI-ah, the"ko-steg-no'sis) [G. theke, box (sheath), + stegnosis, a narrowing.] Constriction of a tendon- sheath. Xheden's meth'od (ta'den) [Johann Christian Anton Theden, German surgeon, 1714-1797.] Treat- ment of aneurysms or of large sanguineous effusions by compression of the entire limb by means of a roller bandage. T.'s vul'neraiy, dilute sulphuric acid 40, vinegar 240, alcohol 75, purified honey 80, distilled water 30. the'ic. An intemperate tea-drinker. Theile's canal (ti'leh) [Friedrich Wilhelm Theile, German anatomist, 1801-1879.] The serous space formed by the reflexion of the pericardium on the aorta and pulmonary artery. T.'s glands, glandular structures in the walls of the cystic duct and, in small numbers, in the pelvis of the gall-bladder. Theile'ria. Piroplasma. theine, theina (the'(te')en, the(te)-e'nah). Caffeine obtained from the dried leaves of Thea sinensis (U.S.) or Camellia thea (Br.); it is present in the amount of from 2 to 4 per cent. theinlsm, theism (the'(te')in-izm, the'(te')izm). Chronic poisoning resulting from immoderate tea-drinking, marked by palpitation, insomnia, nervousness, headache, and dyspepsia. thelal'gia [G. thele, nipple -I- algos, pain.] Pain in the nipple. the'le [G.] Nipple, papilla mammae [BNA]. the'Ieplasty [G. thele, nipple, -1- plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the nipple. theler'ethism [G. thele, nipple, + ereihismos, irrita- tion.] Erection of the nipple. thelitis (the-li'(le')tis) [G. thele, nipple, + -itis.] Inflammation of the nipple, mammary papillitis, mamillitis. the'lium, pi. thelia [G. thele, nipple.] i. A papilla. 2. A cellular layer. 3. Nipple, papilla mammae [BNA]. thelon'cus [G. thele, nipple, -H onkos, tumor.] A tumor of the nipple. the"lophleb"oBtem'ma [G. thele, nipple, -I- phleps (phleb-), vein, + stemma, a wreath.] A venous circle surrounding the nipple. the"lorrha'gia [G. thele, nipple, -I- -rhagia.] Bleed- ing from the nipple. the'lothism. Thelerethism. thel'yblast [G. thelys, female, -t- blastos, germ. Feminonucleus. thelyblas'tic. Relating to the thelyblast, or fem- inonucleus. thel'yplasm [G. thelys, female, -I- plasma, something made or formed.] The female element of idio- plasm. thelygon'ia [G. thelys, female, -I- gone, birth.] Thelytocia. thelyma'nia [G. thelys, female, + mania, frenzy.] Satyriasis. thelyto'cia [G. thelys, female, + tokos, birth.] Giving birth to females only, noting specifically the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in insects in which only females are produced. thelytocous (the-lit'o-kus) [G. thelys, female, + tokos, birth.] Giving birth to female offspring only. thelytoky (the-lit'o-H). Thelytocia. the'nad [G. thenar, the palm of the hand, + L. ad, to.] Toward the outer side of the palm of the hand. THENAL THERAPY the'nal. Relating to the palm of the hand. t. aspect, the outer side of the palm. t. em'inence, the ball of the thumb, thenar. the'nar [G. the palm of the hand.] i. The fleshy- mass on the outer side of the palm, the radial palm, the ball of the thumb. ^. Noting any structure in relation with this part. *• em'inence, t. prom'inence, thenar (i). the'nen [G. thenar, palm, + en, in.] Relating only to the palm, specifically to the radial side of the palm. The'obald Smith's phenom'enon. See Smith's* phenomenon. theobro'ma [G. theos, a god, + brdma, food.] Cacao (incorrectly cocoa), the dried ripe seed of Theo- hroma cacao, the chocolate-tree, a tall bush or low tree extensively cultivated in the tropics ; it yields chocolate and "cocoa," used as beverages, and a fat, oleum theobromatis, employed in the making of suppositories and for other pharma- ceutical purposes. theobro'mic acid. A waxy substance derived from theobroma. theobromi'ns so'dio-salicyl'as (U.S.). Theobro- mine sodiosalicylate, sodiotheobromine salicy- late, diuretin, a mixture of sodium theobromine and sodium salicylate, occurring as a white odor- less powder, of a sweetish alkaline taste, soluble in water; employed as a diuretic in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1 .3). theobromine (the-o-bro'men) . An alkaloid, C7H8N4O2, resembling caffeine in its action, present in the chocolate or cacao bean. t. so"- diosal'icylate, theobrominae sodio-salicylas (U.S.). theobro'mose. Theobromine-lithium, occurring in the form of aoicular crystals ; diuretic. the'ocin. Sjmthetically made theophylline, em- ployed as a diuretic in doses of gr. 3—8 (o . 2-0 . 5), sol'uble t., a double salt of sodium acetate and dimethylxanthin sodium, a white powder soluble in about 35 parts of water; employed as a diuretic in place of theocin in doses of gr. 1^5 (0.1-0,3) two or three times <* day. t.-so'dium, soluble theocin. theolac'tin. Proprietary name for a preparation of sodium lactate and theo bromine-sodium ; a white soluble powder, employed as a diuretic in doses of 10-15 grains (0.6-1.0). the'olin. JHeptane, CjHj,, a colorless liquid hydro- carbon resembling benzene, obtained from petroleum. theoma'nia [G. Theos, God, -|- maniu, frenzy.] Religious insanity; insanity in which the subject believes that he is God. theoma'niac. A subject of theoraania. theopho'bia [G. Theos, God, -|- phobos, fear.] An insane fear of the anger of God. theoph'orin. The proprietary name of a double salt, theobromine sodium-sodium formate; a white powder of a saline bitter taste, freely soluble in alkaline water; said to be diuretic in doses of 7i gr. (0.5). theophylli'na [L. thea, tea, G. phyllon, leaf.] (U.S.) Theophylline, an alkaloid CyHsNiOz + HjO, found with theine (caffeine) in tea leaves; a white crystalline powder, soluble in 180 parts of water; diuretic in doses of gr. 3—8 (0,2-0.5). theoret'ical. Relating to or based upon a theory; hypothetical. the'ory [G. theoria.] An hypothesis ; a reasoned and probable explanation of the manner in which something has been produced or will be produced ; a doctrine of which absolute proof is lacking. atom'ic t., the theory that all substancs are com- posed of atoms — of one kind only (elements) or of several different kinds grouped often in most complex fashion (compounds), emigra'tion t., Cohnheim's theory, germ t., the theory, now a doctrine, that infectious diseases are due to the presence and functional activity, within the body, of animal or vegetable microorganisms, migra'- tion t., (i) the theory of Leber that sympathetic ophthalmia is caused by a transportation of the pathogenic agent through the lymph channels of the optic nerve; (2) the theory of "Wagner that new animal species arise through adaptation to new surroundings of actively migrating or pas- sively transported animals, myogen'ic t., the theory that the cardiac movements are due mainly to stimuli originating in the heart muscle itself, and that the heart does not act solely in response to nerve stimulation, neurogen'ic t., the theory that the cardiac movements are due solely to stimuli conveyed by the nerves ; opposed to the myogenic t. side-chain t., see under chain, t. of med'icine, the science, as distin- guished from the art, or practice, of medicine. theother'apy [G. Theos, God, + therapeia, treat- ment.] Treatment of disease by prayer or religious exercises. therapei'a [G.] Therapia. therapeusis (ther-ah-pu'sis). Therapeutics, ther- apy. therapeu'tic, therapeu'tical. Relating to thera- peutics, or the treatment of disease; curative. therapeu'tics [G. therapeutike, medical practice.] The practical branch of medicine dealing with the treatment of disease, empirical t., treatment of a morbid state by means of remedies which ex- perience has sho-wn to exert a favorable influence in similar conditions, mass'ive ster'ilizing t. the treatment of an infectious disease, especially one of protozoal origin, by one large dose of a suita- ble remedy, large enough to sterilize all the tissues and to destroy the microorganisms contained therein; therapia magna sterilisans. me'diate t., treatment of a nursing infant by administering remedies to the mother, ra'tional t., a plan of treatment of disease based upon a correct inter- pretation of the symptoms and a knowledge of the physiological action of the remedy employed. specific t., treatment of a disease by means of a specific remedy, as of malaria by quinine, or syphilis by mercury or the Ehrlich-Hata prepara- tion. therapeu'tist. One skilled in' the treatment of disease. therapia (ther-ah-pe'(pi')ah) [G. therapeia.] Ther- apy, therapeutics, t. magna sterili 'sans, massive sterilizing therapeutics.* t. sterili'sans conver'- gens, in chemotherapy, a rapid decrease in the number of the parasites, following the administra- tion of the remedy, t. sterili'sans diver'gens. Browning's phenomenon; in chemotherapy a primary increase in the number of the parasites preceding their final disappearance, t. sterili'- sans fractiona'ta,' in chemotherapy, the employ- ment of small repeated doses of a microparasiti- cide when the organism does not become refrac- tory to the drug so given. therap'ic. Therapeutic. ther'apist. Therapeutist. ther'apy [G. therapeia.] Therapeutics, the treat- ment of disease, bacte'rial t., opsonic t. opson'- ic t., the treatment of an infectious disease by injection of killed cultures of the specific micro- organism, organ'ic t., organotherapy, pro'- THERAPY THERMOGRAPH tein t., treatment of disease by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection of a foreign or heterologous protein, serum t., treatment of an infectious disease by a specific antiserum, serotherapy.* vaccine t., opsonic t. therenceph'alous [G. ther, wild beast, + enkephalos, brain.] Noting a skull in which the angle at the hormion, formed by lines converging from the inion and nasion, measures from 116° to 129°. theri'aca [G. iheriakos, relating to wild beasts.] i. An antidote to the poison of venomous animals; specifically t. Andromachi, Venice treacle, a compound containing seventy or more drugs. 2. Treacle or molasses. theriat'rica [G. therion, a wild beast, + iatrike, medical treatment.] i. The medical treatment of. animals in a zoological garden or menagerie, ii. Veterinary medicine in general. theiiother'apy [G. therion, wild animal, + therapeia, treatment.] Veterinary therapeutics. theiiot'omy [G. therion, wild beast, + tome, incision.] Anatomy or dissection of the lower animals, zootomy. therio'ma [G.] A malignant tumor or tdcer. therm [G. therme, heat.] A small calory, the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Centigrade, approximately 15 minims of water i . 8 degree Fahrenheit. thermacogen'esis [G. therme, heat, + pharmakon, drug, + genesis, production.] The elevation of body temperature by drug action. ther'mae [G. thermai, pi. of therme, heat.] Hot springs. thermaerotherapy (thur-ma"er-o-ther'a,-pi) [G. thermos, warm, + aer, air, + therapeia, treat- ment.] The treatment of disease by means of heated air. thermsesthe'sia. Thermesthesia. ther'mal. i. Relating to warmth or heat. 2. Noting mineral springs the waters of which issue from the ground at a temperature of 70° F. (26.7° C.) or over. t. capac'ity, the amount of heat required to raise any body from 0° to 1° C. t. death-point, the degree of heat necessary to kill a fluid culture in ten minutes, t. hammer. button cautery.* t. sense, thermesthesia, t. springs, see def. 2. Ther'mal Acid Springs, California. Heavy acid- chalybeate-saline-aluminous waters, closely re- sembling those of the Matchless Mineral Wells of Alabama. thermalge'sia. Thermoalgesia. thermanalge'sia. Thermoanalgesia. thermanesthe'sia, thermanaesthe'sia. Thermoanes- thesia. thermatol'ogy [G. therme, heat, -1- -logia.] The branch of therapeutics dealing with the applica- tion of heat; thermotherapy. thermesthesia (thur-mes-the'zJ-ah). Thermoesthe- sia, the temperature sense. therm"esthesiom'eter, therm"sesthesiom'eter. Ther- moesthesiometer. ther'mic [G. therme, heat.] Relating to heat. t. fever, siriasis. sense, thermesthesia. thermif' ugiu [G. therme, heat, -t- L. fugare, to drive away.] Trade name of sodium carbamate, employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 2-3 (0.13-0.3). ther'min. Tetrahydrobetanaphthylamme hydro- chloride, CioHjiNHj.HCl; a reddish white crystal- line powder, soluble in water; employed as a mydriatic in i to 5 per cent, solution, and is said to increase the body temperature. thermo- [G. therme, heat.] A prefix denoting heat or some relation to temperature. thermossthe'sia. Thermoesthesia. thermoalgesia (thur-mo-al-je'zl-ah) [G. thermos, hot, + algesis, sense of pain.] Ex(;essive sensibility to heat, pain caused by slight degree of heat. thennoanalge'sia. Thermoanesthesia, insensibility to pain. thermoanesthesia, thermoanssthesia (thur"mo-an- es-the'zl-ah) [G. thermos, hot, -t- an- priv. + ais- thesis, sensation.] Loss of the temperature sense, or of the ability to distinguish between heat and cold; insensibility to heat or to temperature changes. thermocauterec'tomy [G. ekiome, excision.] Re- moval of a part by means of the thermo- cautery. thermocautery (thtu--mo-kaw'ter-I). The actual cautery, thermoelectric cautery; specifically, the Paquelin* cautery. thermochemistry (thur-mo-kem'is-tri). The inter- relation of chemical action and heat. ' thermochroic (thur-mo-kro'ik). i. Relating to ther- mochrose. 2. Exerting a selective action on heat- rays. thermochroism (thur-mok'ro-izm). Thermochro- sis. thermochrose (thur'mo-kroz). [G. therme, heat, + chros, color.] The property possessed by heat rays of refiection, refraction, and absorption, similar to that of light rays. thermochrosis (thur-mo-kro'sis) [G. therme, heat, -t- chrdsis, color.] The selective action of certain substances on radiant heat, absorbing some of the rays, refiecting or transmitting others. thermochrosy (thur-mok'ro-sJ) [G. therm^, heat, + chrdsis, color.] Thermochrose. ther'mocurrent. A current of thermoelectricity. thermodifiu'sion. The diffusion of fluids, either gaseous or liquid, in consequence of diflference of temperature. ther'modin. Acetylparaethoxyphenylurethane, Cj,- Hi,NO„ occurring in colorless tasteless crys- tals, slightly soluble in water; antipyretic and antineuralgic in doses of gr. 5-15 (6.3—1.0). ther"moelec'tric. Relating to thermoelectricity. thermoelectricity (thur"mo-e-lek-tris'K-t!() [G. therme, heat.] An electrical current generated in a circuit of two or more metallic substances, such as antimony and bismuth, when the junction of the two is heated. thermoesthesia, thermoaesthesia (thur-mo-es-the'zl- ah) [G. therme, heat, -I- aisthesis, sensation.] The warmth sense, temperature sense; the ability to distinguish differences of temperature. ther"moesthesiom'eter, ther"moaBsthesiom'eter. An instrument for testing the temperature sense, consisting of a metal disc with thermometer attached by which the exact temperature of the disc at the time of application may be known. thermoexci'tory. Stimulating the production of heat. thermogen'esis [G. therme, heat, + genesis, produc- tion.] The production of heat ; specifically the physiological process of heat production in the body. thermogenet'ic, thermogen'ic. Relating to thermo- genesis, heat producing, t. center, a nerve-center presiding over the production of heat in the body. thermogen'ics. The science of heat production. thermogenous (thur-moj'en-us). Thermogenic. ther'mograph [G. therme, heat, + grapho, I record.] A registering thermometer, one form of which records every variation of temperature by THERMOGRAPH IOI2 THERMOTACTIC, THERMOTAXIC means of a style, moving with the mercury in the tube, and registering its rise and fall upon a circular temperature chart turned by clockwork. ther^'mohyperalge'sia [G. therme, heat, + hyper, above, + algesis, sense of pain.] Excessive thermoalgesia. thermohypeTesth esia, thermohyperasthesia (thur-mo-hi"pur-es-the'zi-ah) [G. therme, heat, + hyper, over, + aisthesis, sensation.] Very acute thermoesthesia, or heat-sense. thermohypesthesia, thermohypsesthe'sia [G. thermi, heat, + hypo, under, + aisthesis, sensation.] Diminished heat perception. thermohypoesthesia, thermohypossthesia (thur- mo-hi"po-es-the'zi-ah) . Thermohypesthesia. thennoinhibitory (thur-mo-in-hib'I-to-ri). Imped-» ing or arresting thermogenesis. ther'mol. Acetyl-salicyl-phenetidin, C^^'H.„HO^, a white crystalline powder without odor or taste; antipyretic, antineuralgic, and antispasmodic, in doses of gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). thennola'bile [G. therme, heat, + L. labilis, perish- able.] Subject to alteration or destruction by heat.- thermol'ogy [G. therme, heat, + -logia.\ The science of heat, thermotics. thermorysis [G. therme, heat, + lysis, solution.] I. The loss of body heat by evaporation, radia- tion, etc. 2. Chemical decomposition by heat. thennolyt'ic. i. Relating to thermolysis. 2. An agent promoting heat dissipation, t. center, a nerve-center presiding over the process of heat dissipation in the body. thennom'eter [G. therme, heat, + metron, measure.] An instrument for indicating the temperature of any substance. The ordinary thermometer is a sealed vacuum tube, expanded into a bulb at its lower extremity, and containing mercury; the latter expands with heat and contracts with cold, its level accordingly rising or falling in the tube, the exact degree of variation of level being indicated by a scale etched on the glass of the tube or marked on the ffame which holds the tube. For measuring extreme degrees of cold, a thermometer filled with alcohol instead of mercury is used (spirit thermometer) . High tem- peratures are measured by means of a vessel con- taining dry air or gas (air or gas thermometer), the expansion or increased pressure of which indicates the degree of heat. For measuring excessive heat, such as that of a furnace or pottery kiln, a special form of thermometer, in the shape of a metallic bar or other contrivance is used; this is termed a pyrometer, clin'ical t., a small self- registering t., consisting of a simple glass tube without frame, used for taking the temperature of the body, ho'migrade t., see homigrade. kata-t., see catathermometer. maz'imum t., see self-registering t. self-reg'istering t., one in which the maximum or minimum temperature, during the period of observation, is registered by means of a special appliance; in the clinical t. only the highest temperature is registered (maximum thermometer) ; this is effected usually by a steel bar above the column of mercury, or by a segment of the mercury separated from the main column by a bubble of air; after the maximum temperature is registered the bar or segment of mercury remains in place as the column of mercury contracts, surface t., a clinical t. the bulb of which is flattened in the form of a disc which indicates roughly the temperature of the portion of the skin to which it is applied, t. scale, a scale em- ployed to indicate the degree of heat registered by a thermometer; there are three of these in more or less common use, the centigrade, the Fahrenheit, and the RSaumur; see these names ; the scale for measuring the absolute* temperature is a centigrade scale, the freezing point on which is marked 273° and the boiling point (100° C.) 373°. See the comparative thermometer scales (absolute, centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Riaumur) in the Appendix. thermomet'ric. Relating to thermometry or to a thermometer. thermom'etry. The measurement of temperature. thermoneurosis (thur-mo-nu-ro'sis). An elevation of the temperature of the body due to nervous in- fluence, as seen sometimes in hysteria. thermopalpa'tion [G. therme, heat, -I- L. palpare, to feel.] The estimation of the temperature of the body by the application of the palm or back of the hand to the surface. thermopenetra'tion. Diathermia. thennoph'agy [G. therme, heat, -1- phago, I eat.] The eating of hot food. ther'mophil, ther'mophile. i. Thermophilic. 2. A thermophilic microorganism. thermophilic [G. thermos, warm, -f- phileo, I love.] Preferring heat; thriving best at a high tem- perature, said of bacteria which develop between the limits of 40° and 70° C. (104° and 158° F.), with an optimum of 50° to 55° C. (122° to 131° F.). _ thermopholbia [G. therme, heat, -{- phobos, fear.] An abnormal dread or dislike of heat. ther'mophore [G. therme, heat, -I- phoros, bearing.] 1 . An arrangement for applying heat to a part ; it consists of a water heater, a tube conveying hot water to a coil, and another tube conducting the water back to the heater. 2. A flat bag con- taining certain salts which produce cold when moistened; used as a substitute for the ice-bag. 3. An appliance for preventing cooling of the mask in ether inhalations. thermophyl'ic [G. therme, heat, -1- phylasso, I avoid.] Resistant to heat, noting certain microorgan- isms. thermopile (thur'mo-pH). A thermoelectric bat- tery, consisting usually of a series of bars of anti- mony and bismuth joined together; used as a. thermoscope, heating of the bars at their junc- tions giving rise to an electric current. thermople'gia [G. therme, heat, + plege, stroke.] Heat-stroke, siriasis, insolation. ther"mopolypne'a, ther"mopolypnoe'a [G. therme, heat, 4- polys, much, + pnoie, breathing hard.] Rapid respiration caused by fever. thermoreg'ulator. Thermostat. ther'moscope [G. therme, heat, -I- skoped, I view.] Differential thermometer, an instrument for indicating slight differences of temperature, with- out registering or recording them thermostabile, thermostable (thur-mo-sta'bl) [G. therme, heat, + L. stabilis, stable.] Not subject to alteration or destruction by heat. ther'mostat [G. therme, heat, + statos, standing.] An apparatus for the automatic regulation of heat, as in an incubator. thermosteresis (thur-mo-stg-re'sis) [G. therme, heat, + steresis, loss.] The abstraction or deprivation of heat. thermosystal'tic [G. therme, heat, H- systaltikos, contracting.] Relating to thermosystaltism. thermosystal'tism. Contraction, as of the muscles, under the influence of heat. thermotac'tic, thermotax'ic. Relating to thermo- taxis. THERM OT AXIS 1013 THIOPHIL thermotax'is [G. therme, heat, + taxis, orderly ar- rangement.] 1. Reaction o£ living protoplasm to the stimiilus of heat, whereby the animal or plant is attracted (^positive t.) or repelled (^negative t.) by heat; thermotropism. 2. Regulation of the temperature of the body. thermotherapy (thur-mo-ther'a-pi) [G. therme, heat, + therapeia, treatment.] Treatment of disease by the application of heat in any way. thennofic. Relating to heat or to thermotics. thermot'ics [G. thermotes, heat.] The science of heat, thermology. theTmotonom'eter [G. therme, heat, + tonos, tone, strain, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the degree of thermosystaltism, or muscular contraction under the influence of heat. thermotox'in. A toxin or poison formed in the tissues under the influence of excessive heat. thermotracheotomy (thur-mo-tra-ke-ot'o-ml). Tra- cheotomy performed by means of the thermo- cautery. thermotropism [G. therme, heat, + trope, a turning.] Thermotaxis (i). the'roid [G. ther, a wild beast, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling an animal in instincts or propensities. the'romorph. A monster having a malformation resembling a normal structure in one of the lower animals. theromor'phia, theromor'phism [G. ther, a wild ani- mal, 4- morphe, shape.] A malformation or abnormality in man, resembling a normal struc- ture in one of the lower animals. the'sis [G. an arrangement.] 1 . An essay on a medical topic prepared by the graduating student. 2. A proposition, submitted by the candidate for a doctorate degree in some universities, which must be substained by argument against any objec- tions offered. Theve'tia [after Andrew Thevet, a French missionary monk, 1502— 1590.] A genus of plants of the order ApocynacecB, or dogbanes. T. ahou'ai and T. neriifo'Ua, containing the glucoside thevetin, are fish poisons of Brazil. T. yccot'li, a Mexican species, containing the glucosides, cerberid and thevetosin, is a heart poison. thi'al. Hexamethylenamine oxymethylsulphonate, a white powder soluble in water; employed in antiseptic surgical dressings, and as a disinfec- tant. thial'din. A prismatic crystalline substance, CjHi,- NSj, of a peculiar characteristic odor, soluble in water, obtained by the action of sulphureted hy- drogen or a solution of aldehyde ammonia; said to be a heart stimulant and, in large doses, paraly- zant. thial'ion. Trade name of a preparation containing lithium, recommended in gout and rheumatism. thick-leg. Big-leg, lymphangitis of the leg in a horse. thick -wind. Roaring, an ailment in horses marked by labored breathing due to thickening of the mucous membrane of the finer bronchial tubes and air cells. Thielmann's diarrhe'a mix'ture (teel'mahn) [Karl Heinrich Thielmann, German physician, 1802— 1872.] Fluidextract of ipecac o . 8, oil of pepper- mint 4, wine of opium 24, tincture of valerian 40, ether 12, alcohol to make 100; dose, 11B30 (2.0). Thiersch's canalic'uli (tersh) [Karl Thiersch, Ger- man surgeon, 1822-1895.] Minute channels in newly formed reparative tissue, permitting the circulation of nutritive fluids, precursors of new vascularization. T.'s meth'od, skin-grafting with films of epidermis wjth a portion of the dermis. shaved off in strips and applied to the surface after shaving down the granulations; the method was published in 1874 but had been previously recom- mended by Oilier of Lyons in 1872. thieves' vin'egar. Acetum aromaticum. thi'genol. Trade name of a synthetic sodium sul- phonate, recommended as a substitute for ichthyol. thigh. .The upper leg, between the hip and the knee. t. bone, femur, t. joint, hip- joint, articu- latio coxse [BNA]. thigmotaz'is [G. ihigma, touch, + taxis, orderly arrangement.] A form of barotaxis, noting the reaction of plant or animal protoplasm to contact with a solid body. thigmot'ropism [G. thigma touch, -I- trope, a turn- ing.] Thigmotaxis. thio- [G. theion, sulphur.] A prefix denoting that sulphur has replaced oxygen in the compound to the name of which it is attached. thioacid (thi"o-as'id) . Sulphacid, sulphoacid; an acid derived from another acid by the replace- ment of oxygen by sulphur. thl'oalcohol. Mercaptan. thi'ocol [G. theion, sulphur, + kolla, glue.] Potas- sium guaiacolsulphonate; a white powder with a slightly bitter taste, used in the treatment of chronic catarrhal and tubercidous affections in doses of 5—20 gr. (0.3-1.3). thiocy'anate. A salt of thiocyanic, or sulphocyanic acid. thiocyanic acid (thi"o-si-an'ik as'id). Sulphocyanic acid. thi'odin. Trade name of a preparation obtained by the action of ethyl iodide upon thiosinamine, employed as a resolvent of scar tissue in doses of gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4). thi'oether. An ether in which the oxygen is re- placed by sulphur, a sulphur ether. thi'ofonn. Trade name for dithiosalicylate of bismuth, a light brownish powder, used as a substitute for iodoform. thiogen'ic [G. theion, sulphur, + gennao, I produce.] Producing sulphur, noting the bacteria in the waters of certain mineral springs, which convert hydrogen sulphide into highersulphur compounds. thi'ogenol. An external antiseptic of sodium sul- phonate compounded with sulphur. thi'ol, thio'lum. A mixture of sulphurated hydro- carbons, purified with ammonia; occurs in the form of a dark brown powder or a dark, reddish brown, syrupy liquid, employed as a dusting powder or in ointment in the treatment of skin diseases. thi'olin. Thiolinic acid, a green oily substance pre- pared by boiling sulphur in linseed oil and treat- ing with sulphuric acid ; a sodium salt is employed in skin diseases as a substitute for ichthyol. thion'ic [G. theion, sulphur.] Relating to sulphur. t. acid, thioacid, sulphoacid. thi'onin. A dark green histological stain. thiophene (thi'o-f en) . A hydrocarbon found in com- mercial benzene, a colorless oily liquid ; antiseptic, but employed only in salts with iodine and bro- mine, so'dium t. sul'phonate, a white crystalline powder used in prurigo in place of beta-n^phthol. t. bini'odide a yellow crystalline powder, employed as an antiseptic dusting powder in place of iodo- form, t. dii'odide, t. biniodide. t. tetrabro'mide, a yellow crystalline powder, used like the binio- dide. thi'ophil, thi'ophile [G. theion, sulphur, + philos, fond.] I. ThiophUic. 2. A thiophilic micro- organism. THIOPHILIC 1014 THOMSONIANISM thiophil'ic. Thriving in the presence of sulphur or sulphur compounds, noting certain bacteria. thiopy'rine. A compound formed from antipyrine by replacing its oxygen by sulphur. thioresOT'cin. A grayish yellow powder, phenyl bisulphydrate, used as a substitute for iodo- form. thiosinamine (thi-o-sin'a-men). Rhodalline, allyl sulphocarbamide, a white crystalline powder of bitterish, sweetish taste and faint odor of garlic, slightly soluble in water; employed as a resolvent of scar tissue, uterine fibroids, and fibrous adhe- sions in joints; employed internally in doses of gr. J— I (0.03-0.06), and also subcutaneously. thiosul'phate. -A salt of thiosulphuric acid, a hypo- sulphite. thiosulphu'ric acid, Hyposulphurous acid, a sul- phuric acid in which an atom of oxygen has been replaced by sulphur. Thi'othrix [G. theion, sulphur, + thrix, hair] A genus of ChlamydohacieriacecB, which includes those in which the cells contain sulphur granules. thio-ure'a. Sulphocarbamide; urea in which the oxygen has been replaced by sulphur. thiozydiphenylamine (thi-oks"i-di-f en-il-am'en) . A yellow odorless and tasteless powder insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, alkaline solutions, and acetic acid; employed in laryngeal tuber- culosis and generally as a, substitute for iodo- form, and internally in cystitis in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.25). Solutions of t. of 8 per cent, strength in eucalyptol, guaiacol, and creosote have been employed in tuberculous laryngitis. third [A.S. thridda.] That one of a series between the second and the fourth, t. cor'puscle, platelet. t. inten'tion, see intention, t. nerve, nervus ocu- lomotorius [BNA]. t. sphincter, plica transver- salis recti, t. ven'tricle, ventriculus tertius thirst [A.S. thurst.'] A desire for drink associated with uncomfortable sensations in the mouth and pharynx ; dipsa sitis. absence of t., adipsia, apo- sia. excessive t., polydipsia, morbid t., dipsosis. thirst-cure. Treatment of disease by restricting the consumption of fluids; Schroth's method, dip- sotherapy. Thiry's fis'tula (te-re') [Jean Hubert Thiry, Bel- gian physician, 1817-1897.] An artificial fistula for collecting the intestinal juice of a dog or other animal for experimental purposes. A loop of intestine is isolated, its vascular and nervous connections being preserved, the continuity of the intestinal tract being restored by end-to-end anastomosis; one end of the isolated segment is closed, the other attached to the skin of the abdomen and provided with a cannula. Thiry-VeUa fis'tula. Vella's* fistula. thi'uret. A light odorless powder, CgHjNjSj, em- ployed as a substitute for iodoform. thiip"senceph'alus [G. thlipsis, pressure, + enkepk- alos, brain.] A monster of the class of pseuden- cephalus, in which the brain is replaced by a spongy mass which extrudes through a defect in the upper cervical spine and back of the skull. Thoma's ampull'a (to'mah) [Richard Thoma, Ger- man histologist, *i847.] The terminal dilatation of an interlobular artery in the spleen. T's. fluid, nitric acid i, 95 per cent, alcohol 35; a fluid for decalcifying bone in the preparation of histolog- ical specimens. Thoma-Zeiss hemocytom'eter (to'mah-tsis) Richard Thoma, German histologist, *i847; Carl Zeiss, German maker of optical instruments.] An apparatus for counting the blood-cells; it con- sists of a glass pipette, provided with an ampulla for collecting the blood and diluting it, and a counting chamber; the latter has a depth of -^ mm. and is marked off into squares of j^^ square mm., so that the space under each square contains -^^^ cubic mm. Thom'as's bal'sam. Balsam of tolu. T.'s collyr'iuiu a solution of gr. 20 each of sodium chloride and zinc sulphate in one ounce of rosewater. Thoma-Zeiss Hemocttombter. SM, graduated pipette for drawing and diluting blood. £, mixing chamber; D, counting cell; B, ruled surface; shown enlarged at c. Thomas's splints [Hugh Owen Thomas, Liverpool surgeon, 1834-1891.] Rigid splints, made of steel bars curved to the shape of the limb and retained by plaster-of-Paris bandages, employed in the treatment of chronic joint diseases. Thomp'son's solu'tion of phos'phorus [Ashburton Thompson, English physician, 19th century.] Liquor phosphori (N.F.). Thomp'son's test [Sir Henry Thompson, London surgeon, 1820-1904.] The two-glass test; the urine, in a case of gonorrhea, is passed into two glasses; if the gonococci and gonorrheal threads are found only in the first glass the probability is that the process is limited to the anterior urethra. Thomsen's disease' (tom'sen) [Asmus Julius Thom- sen, Danish physician, 1815-1896.] Myotonia congenita. Thoma-Zeiss Ruled Slide for Blood-csll Counting. Thom'son's fas'cia [Allen Thomson, Scotch anato- mist, 1809-1884.] Inconstant yellowish fibers, passing from the median line a little above the symphysis pubis obliquely downward and out- ward on the aponeurosis of the internal rectus femorls.'under the spermatic cord, outside of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and in front of the femoral arch; they cover the inner half of the external abdominal ring. Thomso'manism [Samuel Thomson, Massachusetts physician, 1769-1843.] Herbalism, a therapeutic llUJMSUJNiAJNlSM lois THORMAEHLEN'S TEST method in which none but remedies of vegetable origin are employed. tho'racal. Thoracic. thoracal'gia [G. thdrax(ihdrak-), chest, + algos, pain.] Pain in the chest, pleurodynia. tho"racaor'ta. The thoracic aorta. thoracec'tomy [G. thorax + ektome, excision.] Resection of a portion of a rib. thoracente'sis [G. thorax(thdrak-), chest, + keniesis, puncture.] Tapping the thorax, the thrusting of a trocar and cannula into the cavity of the chest for the removal of accumtilated fluid. thoracic (tho-ras'ik). Relating to the thorax. t. aor'ta, the portion of the aorta contained in the tfiorax. t. ax'is, arteria thoracoacromialis [BNA]. t. cav'ity, cavum thoracis, the cavity bounded by the diaphragm and the walls of the chest, con- taining the lungs and bronchi, heart and origin of "the large vessels, and the esophagus, t. choke, see choke, t. duct, ductus thoracicus. t. girdle, shoulder girdle.* t. index, see index, t. spine, dorsal spine, that part of the spinal column which enters into the fomaation of the chest. thoracicoabdom'inal. Relating to the thorax and the abdomen. thoracico-acro'siial. Acromiothoracic. thoracicohu'meral. Relating to the thorax and the humerus. thoracispi'nal. Relating to the thoracic or dorsal portion of the spinal column or spinal cord. thoracoabdom'inal. Thoracicoabdominal. thoracoacro'mial. Acromiothoracic. thoracoceloschisis, thoracocceloschisis (tho'ra-ko- se-los'ki-sis) [G. thorax + koilia, belly, + schists, fissure.] A congenital fissure of the trunk embracing both the thoracic and abdominal cavities. thoracocente'sis. Thoracentesis. thoracocyllo'sis [G. thorax + kyllosis, a crippling.] Any deformity of the chest walls. thoracocyrtosis (tho"ra-ko-sur-to'sis) [G. thorax + kyrtos, curved.] Abnormally wide curvature of the chest wall. thoracodid'ymus [G. thorax + didymos, twin.] A twin monster joined in the thoracic region. thoracodyn'ia [G. thorax + odyne, pain.] Thorac- algia. tho"racogas"trodid'ymus [G. thorax + gaster, belly + didymos, twin.] A twin monster with fused abdomen and thorax. thOTacogastroschisis (tho-rS-ko-gas-tros'kl-sis) [G. thorax + gaster, belly, + schists, fissure.] Tho- racoceloschisis, tho'racograph [thorax + grapho, I record.] An instrument for obtaining the horizontal contour of the chest. thoracolumbar (tho-rS-ko-lum'bar). Relating to the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spine, a term applied to the thoracic and lumbar ganglia and associated fibers constituting the sympa- thetic nervous §ystem proper, as distinguished from the autonomic system. thoracom'elus [G. thorax + mehs, extremity.] A double monster in which the parasite, often only a single arm or leg, is attached to the thorax of the autosite. ' thoracom'eter [G. thorax H- metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the size of the chest; stethometer. • thoracomyodynia (tho"ra-ko-ml-o-din1-ah) [G. thor- ax + tnys, muscle, + odyne, pain.] Pain in the muscles of'the chest wall. Thohacopagus. thoracop'agus [G. thorax + pagos, attached, fused.] A twin monster with fusion in the thoracic re- gion usually in the neighborhood of the sternum ; xiphopagus. tho'racoplasty [G. thorax + plasso, I form.] Re- parative or plastic surgery of the thorax. thoracop neumoplasty (tho"ra-ko-nu'- mo-plas-ti) [G. thorax + pneumon, lung, + plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the chest in which the limg is also involved. thoracoschisis (tho-rS- kos'kl-sis) [G. thorax (tharak-), chest, + schisis, fissure.] Con- genital fissure of the chest wall. thorac'oscope [G. thorax + skopeo, I examine.] Stethoscope. thoracos'copy. Exam- ination of, the chest. thoracosteno'sis [G. thorax + stenosis, nar- rowing.] Narrowness of the chest. thoracos'tomy [G. thorax + stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an opening into the cavity of the chest, as for the drainage of an empyema ; or resection of a portion of a rib over a greatly hy- pertrophied heart. thoracotomy [G. thorax + tome, incision.] Any cutting operation upon the chest wall. thoradel'phus [G. adelphos, brother.] A twin mon- ster belonging to the class' of monocephalus, in which, from the navel upward, the two individuals are fused into one. thor'adin. The former trade name of thoremedin. thorax, gen. thora'cis [G. thorax, breastplate.] The chest, the upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; it is formed by the twelve dorsal vertebrae, the twelve pairs of ribs, the sternum, and the muscles and fasciae attached to these ; below it is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm; it contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems, as distinguished from the abdomen which encloses thpse of the digestive apparatus. Thorel's bun'dle (tor'el) [Ch. Thorel, German phy- sician, contemporary.] A structure, analogous to the bundle of His, connecting the sinoauricular and auriculoventricular nodes. thoiem'edin. Trade name of a preparation said to contain radioactive thorium in combination with didymium and lead salts, sulphuric acid, and a. small quantity of hydrochloric and nitric acids; recommended in the treatment of various skin diseases, and especially lupus and epithelioma. tho'rium [Thor, the Norse god of thunder.] A metallic element, symbol Th, atomic weight 232.42; it is radioactive and antiseptic; its dis- integration product is mesothorium. The four known thorium emanations are called respectively thorium A, B, C, and D. Thormaehlen's test (tor'ma-len) [Johann Thormaeh- len, German physician, 19th century.] For melanin; the suspected liquid is treated with sodium nitroprusside, caustic potash, and acetic acid ; if melanin is present the solution takes on a deep blue color. THORN'S MANEUVER ioi6 THROMBOLYMPHANGITIS Thorn's maneu'ver (torn) [WtUy Thorn, German obstetrician, 1859-1913.] Conversion of a face into a vertex presentation by combined external and internal version. thorn' -apple. Stramonium, t.-a. crys'tals, am- monium urate crystals in the shape of rounded bodies with many projecting points. thom'-poppy, A plant, Argemone mexicana, native of the southwestern United States and of Mexico ; the seeds are purgative in doses of 3 1—2 (4.0- 8.0) in infusion. Thom'ton's sign [J. Knowsley Thornton, English physician, 1 845-1904.] Paroxysmal attacks of severe pain in the side in renal colic. Thomwald's an'gina (tom'vahlt). See Tornwald. thorough-joint (thur'o-joynt). Diarthrosis, arthro- dia. thorough -pin (thur'o-pin). i. Synovial distention of the sheath of the flexor perforans tendon of the horse, causing a swelling on each side of the hollow of the hock. 2. Synovial distention on the posterior surface of the carpal joint, or knee of the foreleg of the horse. .thorough-wort (thur'o-wurt). Eupatorium. thor'ter-ill. Louping-ill, leaping*-iU. thoughf -reading. Telepathy, mind-reading. thought' -transfer. Telepathy. thox'os. Trade name of a preparation containing strontium, lithiiun, and colchiciun, recommended for rheumatism. thread (thred) [A.S. Ihrced.] i. A fine spun filament of flax, silk, cotton, or other fibrous material. 2. A filiform or thread-like structure. thread' -fungus. Any species of Trichophyton. thread-galvanometer (thred-gal-van-om'e-ter). Elec- trocardiograph. thread-gran'ules. Mitochondria. thread-reac'tion [Ger. FadenreaktionJ] If a drop of blood from a person suffering or convalescent from typhoid fever is added to a suitable medixmi inoculated with typhoid bacilli, the latter exhibit a tendency to arrange themselves in chains or threads; the reaction is present, but incomplete, in the case of a person who has had typhoid fever a number of years before. The phenomenon is observed in the case of other bacteria also when growing in a specific serum ; it is supposed to be due to the presence of agglutinins in the serum. thread-worm. Oxyuris. thready. Filamentous, filiform. three-cor'nered bone. Cuneiform bone of the car- pus, OS* triquetrum [BNA]. three-day fever. Dengue. Three Springs, Pennsylvania. Sulphated-saline- calcic waters containing carbonic acid gas, 55° F. Three springs. Used by drinking in chronic constipation, obesity, uremia, general anasarca, local dropsies, and other affections. The entire year. thremmatol'ogy [G. thremmaifhremmat-), a nursling, + -logia.] I. The science of breeding animals by artificial selection. 2. The branch of science which deals with the laws of heredity ; see eugenics. threpsol'ogy [G. threpsis, nourishment, 4- -logia.'] The science of nutrition. threshold (thresh'hold) [A.S. iherxold.] Limen. *. The point where a stimulus begins to produce a sensation, the lower limit of perception of a stim- ulus; schwelle. 2. The, external opening of a canal, entrance, ab'solute t., the lowest limit of any perception whatever ; distinguished from dif- ferential t. differen'tial t., the lowest limit at which two stimuli can be differentiated, double- point t., the least degree of separation of two points applied to the surface which permits of their being felt as two. rela'tional t., the smallest degree of difference between two stimioli which permits them to be perceived as different. stim'ulus t., absolute t. t. bod'y, any substance in the blood plasma, the presence of which gives rise to more or less pronounced symptoms. thridace, thridaceum (thrid'as, thrJ-da'se-um) [G. thridax, lettuce.] The expressed juice of Lactuca virosa; practically the same as lactucarium, which is the exuded juice of the plant. thrill. The vibration accompanying a cardiac or vascular murmur, which can be felt on palpation j fremitus, hydat'id t., the pecuUar trembling or vibratory sensation felt on palpation of an hydatid cyst, presystol'ic t., a thrill sometimes felt, on palpation over the apex of the heart, immediately preceding the ventricular con- traction, purring t., purring* fremitus. , throat (throt) [A.S. throtu.] i. The gullet, the swallow, the fauces and pharynx. 2. The ante- rior aspect of the neck, jugulum. 3. Any nar- rowed entrance into a hollow part, sore-t., see sore-throat. throat-almond. Tonsil. throat-ring. Waldeyer's* throat-ring. throat-root. Geum or water-avens? throat-wort (throt'wurt). 1. Scrophtilaria or fig- wort. 2." Digitalis. 3. Campanula trachelium. throb. I. To pulsate. 2. A beating or pulsation. throe (thro) [A.S. thrdw.} A severe pain or pang; the pain of childbirth. throm'base [thrombipse) + -ase.] Thrombin, the fibrin ferment. thrombec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] The excision of a thrombus. throm'bin [G. thrombos, clot.] A ferment (the activated thrombogen) formed in the blood, after this is shed, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin; it is formed from the conjunction of pro- thrombin and calcium salts. thromboangiitis (throm-bo-an-je-i'(e')tis) [G. throm- bos, a clot, + angeion, vessel, + -itis.] Inflam- mation of the intima of a vessel, with thrombosis, t. oblit'erans, obliteration of the larger arteries and veins of a limb by thrombi, with subsequent gangrene — presenile spontaneous gangrene. thromboarteritis (throm-bo-ar-te-ri'(re')tis). Throm- boangiitis affecting an artery. thromboblast (throm' bo-blast) [ihrombo{cyte) + G. blastos, germ.] A small basophile cell said to be the mother cell of the platelet, thrombocin'ase. Throrabokinase. throm'bocyst, thrombocys'tis [G. kystis, a bladder.] A membranous sac enclosing a thrombus. thrombocyte (throm'bo-sit) [G. kytos, cell.] Platelet. throm'bogen [G. thrombos, clot, -I- genesis, source.] Prothrombin, a proferment supposed to be liber- ated from disintegrated blood-plates and which, when activated, converts fibrinogen into fibrin, causing coagulation of the blood. thrombogen'ic [G. thrombos, clot, + gennao, I pro- duce.] 1. Relating to thrombogen. 2. Causing thrombosis or coagulation of the blood, throm'boid [G. thrombos, clot, + eidos, resemblance.] Resernbling a clot or thrombus. thrombokin'ase [thrombogen + G. kineo, I set in motion.], A zymoplastio substance contained in the tissues and the blood, which is supposed to possess the property of activating thrombogen when combined with a calcium salt. thrombolymphangitis (throm-bo-lim-fan-ji'(je')tis) Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel with the for- mation of a lymph-clot. iROMBOPENIA 1017 THYMECTOMIZE ■ombopenia (throm-bo-pe'ni-ah) [thrombocyte + G. penia, poverty.] Diminution in the number of blood platelets. ■ombophUia (throm-bo-fil'l-ah) [thrombosis + ur. philos, fond.] A blood state in which there is 1 tendency to the occurrence of thrombosis. ombophlebitis (throm-bo-fleb-i'(e')tis) [G. throm- ms, a clot, + phleps{phleb-), vein, + -itis.] Thrombosis with secondary phlebitis, as con- Tasted with phlebothrombosis. * ombosed (throm'bozd). i. Clotted, z. Not- ng a blood-vessel which is the seat of thrombosis. om'bosin. Thrombin. ombo'sis [G. thrombosis, a curdling.] 1. The brmation of a thrombus. 2. The presence of a hrombus. atroph'ic t., t. due to feebleness of he circulation, in a case of marasmus for example ; narantic t. compres'sion t., t. due to arrest of he circulation in a vessel by compression, as rom a tumor, creep'ing t., a gradually increas- Qg t. involving one section of a vein after another a continuity, dilata'tion t., t. due to slowed irculation consequent upon dilatation of a vein, ump'ing t., t. occurring in one vein and another a different regions, maran'tic t., maras'mic t., .trophic t. placen'tal t., t. of the veins of the iterus at the placental site, plate t., platelet t., . thought to be due to an abnormal accumulation if platelets. ambosta'sis. Local arrest of the circulation aused by thrombosis. ombot'ic. Relating to, caused by, or character- zed by thrombosis. om'bus [G. thrombos, a clot.] A plug more or ess completely occluding a blood-vessel or one if .the cavities of the heart, formed in situ by oagulation of the blood or a deposition, of some if its formed elements, agglu'tinative t., hya- ine t. ag'ony t., a heart clot formed during the ct of dying after prolonged heart failure. intemor'tem t., a clot formed in running blood Luring life, ball t., a white antemortem t. ound in the left atrium in certain cases of tiitral stenosis, fer'ment-t., a t. supposed to le formed in consequence of the liberation of ibrin-ferment in the circulating blood, fi'- irinous t., one formed by repeated deposits of ibrin from the circulating blood; it usually oes not completely occlude the vessel, glob'- ilar t., one of a number of thrombi of varying ize, from a pea to a walnut, within the eart cavity, connected by a delicate fibrinous etwork; they are usually cystic in character, the iterior having broken down into a thick fluid lass, hy'aline t., a translucent colorless plug, artly or completely filling a capillary or small rtery or vein; it is formed by an agglutination f red blood-corpuscles which lose their hemoglo- in. infec'tive t., one formed in septic phlebitis. im'inated t., one formed gradually by clotting E the blood in successive layers, maran'tic t., laras'mic t., a t. formed in cases of marasmus r general debility, milk t., a, localized swelling I the breast due to obstruction in the milk-ducts. lixed t., laminated t., the layers of different ages eing of different color or consistency, mu'ral a t. formed on and attached to a diseased patch E endocardium, not on a valve, obstruc'tive t., ae due to obstruction in the vessel from com- ression or other cause, pale t., a clot of opaque, uU white color, in the heart or any vessel, com- Dsed essentially of blood-platelets, pari'etal t., a. arterial t. which has been in large part absorbed, le remains adhering to one side of the wall of the vessel. poBtmor'tem t., a heart clot formed after death, prop'agated t., see creeping throm- bosis* red t., one formed rapidly by the coagu- lation of stagnating blood, sec'ondary t., one formed about an embolus as a nucleus. strat'ified t., mixed t. val'vular t., a parietal t. which projects into the lumen of the vessel. white t., pale t. through-drain'age. Drainage through a tube which passes from one portion of the surface to another through the wound cavity. through-illumina'tion. Transillumination. throw'back. An individual organism which mani- fests certain characters peculiar to a remote ancestor or to the original type, which have been in abeyance during one or more of the inter- mediate generations. throwing-back'. Telegony (in animals), xenia (in plants). thrush. I. Aphthous stomatitis, sprue (i), aphthas.* 2. A disease of the frog of a horse's foot attended with a malodorous discharge, due to filth and neglect. thrush'-fungus. Oidium albicans, or Saccharomyces albicans. thrust'-culture. Stab culture.* thryp'sis [G. a breaking in pieces.] A comminuted fracture. Tbudichum's test (too'de-khoom) [Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum, German physician, *i829.] For creatinin: a mixture of the suspected fluid with dilute ferric-chloride solution will turn dark red on heating, if creatinin is present. thu'ja (thoo'yah). (N.P.) Thuya. thu'jol. Thuyol. thu'lium. A metallic element, symbol Tm, atomic weight 168.5. thumb [A.S. thilma.] The first finger on the radial side of the hand, poUex. stave of the t., Ben- nett's* fracture, t. lancet, see illustration under lancet. thumps. Singultus, or hiccup in the horse. thun'der-disease. Apoplexy. thun'der-humor. An obstinate skin eruption, thus, gen. thu'ris [L. incense.] Frankincense, t. america'num (Br.), terebinthina (U.S.), turpen- tine. thu'ya [G. thyia.] Thuja (N.F.), arbor vitae, the fresh tops of Thuya occidentalis, an evergreen tree of eastern North America largely cultivated for ornamental purposes and as a hedge; has been employed internally as an expectorant, emmenagogue, and anthelmintic, in doses of 115-30 (1.0-2.0) of the fluidextract, and ex- ternally to remove epithelial growths — warts and epithelioma. thu'yol, thu'yone. A volatile oil of thuya, CmHigO, possessing stimulant properties. thylacitis (thi'-ia-si'(se')tis) [G. thylaxithylak-), bag, + -itis.'l Inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the skin. thymacetin (ti-mas'et-in). A white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water CnH^jNOi; it is made from thymol as phenacetin is from phenol, and resembles phenacetin in its antipyretic and analgesic properties; dose gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). thyme (tim). 'The dried leaves and flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris, sweet thyme, garden thyme, employed as a condiment; it contains a volatile oil, oleum* thymi, and is a source of thymol. thymec'tomize [G. thymos, thymus, + ektome, ex- cision.] To deprive, by operation, of the thymus gland. THYMECTOMY 1018 THYREOEPIGLOTTIDEUS thymec'tomy [G. thymos, thymus, + ektome, exci- sion.] Operative removal of the thymus gland. thymegol (thi'(ti') me-gol). See egols. thymelco'sis [G. thymos, thymus, + helkdsis, ulcera- tion.] Suppuration of the thymus gland. thymene (ti'men). A colorless volatile oil, C,|,Hi„ derived from oil of thyme, possessing antiseptic properties. -thymia [G. thymos, the mind or heart as the seat of strong feelings or passion.] The deutero- theme in the construction of words referring to the emotions. thymic (thi'mik). Relating to the thymus gland. t. acid, adenylic* acid. t. asthma, laryngismus stridulus, t. death, sudden death occurring in the status* lymphaticus. t. stridor, t. asthma. thymic (ti'mik). Relating to or containing thyme, t. acid, thymol. thy'micolymphat'ic. Relating to the thymus and the lymphatic glands, noting especially the status l3maphaticus or thymicus. thy 'mine. i. A purine formed by the decomposition of adenylic, or thymic acid. 2 Trade name of an extract of the thymus gland. thymin'ic acid. Nucleolin-phosphoric acid; said to be a solvent of uric acid and to prevent its deposi- tion in the tissues, and recommended therefore in the treatment of gout in doses of 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6). thymi'odide. Thymol iodide. thym'ion [G.] A wart. thymio'sis [G. thytnion, a wart.] 1 . A warty condi- tion. 2. Yaws. thymitis (thi-mi'(me')tis) [G. thymos, thymus, -I- -iiis.] Inflammation of the thymus gland. thymocyte (thi'mo-sit) [G. thymos, thymus, -|- kytos cell.] A lymphocjrte originating in the thymus gland. thymoform (ti'mo-form). A condensation product of thymol and formaldehyde, occurring as a yellowish powder, tasteless, but with a slight odor of thyme, insoluble in water; is recommended as a substitute for iodoform. thymohydroquinone (ti"mo-hi-dro-kwin'on). A substance occurring in the urine after the adminis- tration of thymol. thymoke'sis. Abnormal persistence and enlarge- ment of the thymus gland. thymol (ti'(thi')mol). (U.S., Br.) Thymic acid, C,i|HiiO, a phenol present in the volatile oil of Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Monarda punctata (horsemint), Carum copticum. or Piychotis ajowan (ajowan seed), and in other volatile oils; it is obtained chiefly from ajowan oil; occurs in large colorless prismatic crystals, insoluble in water, of the odor of thyme; employed externally and internally as an antiseptic, as a deodorizer of offensive discharges, and as a specific for uncina- riasis in doses of gr. ^3 (0.03-0.2). t. car'- bonate, thymotal, tyratal, occurs as colorless crystals insoluble in water; recommended as a teniacide in doses of gr. 8-30 (o. 5-2 . o) . t. i'odlde, thymolis* iodidum (U.S.). t. sal'icylate, sali- thymol, a reaction product of sodium salicylate with sodium thymolate and phosphorus tri- chloride; occurs as a white crystalline powder of sweetish taste, slightly soluble in water; rec- ommended as an antiseptic. thymo'lis io'didum (U.S.). Thymol iodide, aris- tol, CjoHjjOjIj, a reddish brown powder obtained by the interaction of thymol and iodine in alkaline solution; employed as a substitute for iodoform in skin diseases, wounds, ulcers, purulent rhinitis, otitis, etc. thy'molize. To impregnate with thymol. thy'molol. Thymolis iodidtmi. thymol'oform. Thymoform. thymoma (thi-mo'mah). Lymphosarcoma of the thymus gland. thymop'athy [G. thymos, thymus, the mind, + pathos, suffering.] i. Any disease of the thymus gland. 2. Any mental disease. thymoprivic (thi-mo-priv'ik) . Thymoprivus. thymop'rivous (thi-mop'ri-vus) . Thymoprivus. thymoprivus (thi"mo-pre'vus) [thymus + L. privus, deprived of.] Thymoprivic, thymo- privous, noting the condition caused by prema- ture atrophy or removal of the thymus. thymopsyche (thi"mo-si'ke) [G. thymos, ' desire, courage, anger, + psyche, soul.] The affective processes. thymotal (ti'mo-tal). Thymol carbonate. thymotol (ti'mo-tol). Thymolis iodidum. thymus (ti'mus). (N.F.) Thyme, the dried flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris, sweet thyme, garden thyme ; a condiment, employed occasion- ally in hot infusion as a diaphoretic ; the volatile oil, oleum* thymi, is official in the U.S. P." and the fiuidextract in the N.F. thymus (thi'mus) [G. thymos, excrescence, sweet- bread.] 1. A ductless gland located in the supe- rior mediastinum and lower part of the neck ; it is a structure of early life, reaching its maximum development at the end of the second year, and then gradually undergoing retrograde changes, being absent in the adult. It consists of two irregularly shaped, nearly entirely separated lobes, divided into a number of polyhedral lobules separated by septa from the enveloping sheath of the lobe. Each lobule consists of clusters of lymphoid follicles consisting of an outer cortical and an inner medullary powtion. It is supplied by the inferior thyroid and internal mammary arteries, and its nerves are derived from the vagus and sympathetic. It supplies an internal secre- tion of undetermined nature and action. 2. The thymus of the calf or lamb is the sweetbread, called also the throat-sweetbread, the pancreas being the stomach-sweetbread, t. persis'tens hyperplas'tica, a thymus which, instead of atro- phying, persists in the adolescent or adult, or even hypertrophies. thy'raden. Trade name of a thyroid gland extract, employed in myxedema, cretinism, etc., and to stimulate metabolism in doses of gr. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). thyrasthenia (thi-ras-the'nx-ah) [thyroid gland + G. astheneia, weakness.) A neurasthenic con- dition due to deficient thyroid secretion. thyrein (thi're-in). lodothyrin. thyreiodine (thi-re-i'o-din). lodothyrin. thyremphraz'is [G. emphraxis, a stoppage.] Dimin- ished or arrested fimction of the thyroid gland. thyreo-. For words not here found, see under thyro-. thyreoaplasia (thi're-o-a-pla'zl-ah) [G. thyreos- shield (thyroid gland) , + a-priv, + plasis, amould, ing.) The anomalies observed in cases of con- genital defects of the thyroid gland and defi- ciency of its secretion. thyreocele (thi're-o-s61) [G. thyreos, shield, + kelS, tumor.] Enlargement of the thyroid gland, goiter, struma. thyreochondrotomy (thi"rp-o-kon-drot'o-mJ) [G. thyreos, shield, + chondros, cartilage, + tome, incision.] Division of the thyroid cartilage laryngotomy, thyreocricofomy. Division of the cricothyroid membrane, tracheotomy. thy"reoepiglottid'eus. Musculus thyreoepiglotticus. THYREOGENIC loig THYROLINGUAL thyreogenic (thi-re-o-jen'ik). Thyrogenous; caused by an excess or deficiency of the thjToid secretion. thyreohyoid'eus. See under musculus. thy'reoid [G. thyreos, shield, + eidos, resemblance.] Thyroid. thyreoidea (thi-re-o-id'e-ah). The thyroid gland, t. accesso'ria, t. ima, accessory thyroid gland, an outlying mass of thyroid gland tissue. thyreoidec'tin. Trade name of a reddish brown powder prepared from the blood of animals from which the thyroid gland has been removed; em- ployed in the treatment of Graves' disease and other conditions of supposed hypersecretion of the thyroid gland, in doses of gr. 5(0.3). thyreoidec'tomy. Thyroidectomy. thyreoitis (thi-re-o-i'(e')tis). Thyroiditis. thyreolyt'ic [G. lytikos, dissolving.] Causing de- struction of the thyroid gland cells. thyreon'cus [G. thyreos, shield, + onkos, ttmior.] ■Goiter, struma, thyreocele. th/'reo-oesophage'us. A small inconstant band of muscular fibers passing between the esophagus and the thyroid cartilage. thyreophy'ma [G. phyma, a, tumor.] Goiter, stru- ma, thyreocele, bronchiocele, bronchocele. thyreoprivic (thi-re-o-priv'ik) . Thyreoprivus. thyreoprivous (thi-re-op'ri-vus) . Thyreoprivus. thyreopri'vus [G. thyreos, shield (thyroid), + L. privus, deprived of.] Noting symptoms or a constitutional state caused by removal of the thyroid gland; strumiprivus, thyreoprivic, thy- reoprivous. cachez'ia thyreopri'va, cachexia strumipriva. thyreopro'tein (thi-re-o-pro'te-in). Thyroantitoxin. thyreotherapy (thi-re-o-ther'a-pl). Treatment by means of a preparation of the thyroid gland. thyreotox'in, tiiyrotox'in. A cytotoxin specific for the cells of the thyroid gland. thy'resol. Trade name of the methyl ester of santal oil, a colorless liquid of aromatic odor; recom- mended in the treatment of gonorrhea and other inflammatory affections of the urinary passages in doses of njio (0.6) three or four times a day. thyrine (thi'ren). The active principle of the thyroid gland secretion. thyroadenitis (thi-ro-ad-e-ni'(ne')tis) [G. thyreos, shield, + aden, gland, + -itis.] Inflammation of the thyroid gland. thyroantitox'in. A protein derivative of the thy- roid gland, employed therapeutically for the same purposes as other thyroid preparations. thyroarytenoid (thi-ro-3,-rit'en-oyd) . Relating to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, t. lig'aments, the inferior is the ligamentum vocale, the superior the ligamentum ven- triculare. t. muscles, the external is the musculus thyreoarytaenoideus, the internal is the musculus vocalis. thy'rocele. Thyreocele, goiter. thyrochondrotomy (thi"ro-kon-drot'o-mI). Thy- reochondrotomy. thyrocoll'oid. A colloid substance in the thyroid gland. thirocricotomy (thi'ro-kri-kot'o-mil). Thyteocri- cotomy. thyroepiglott'ic. Relating to the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis; noting the musculus thyre- oepiglotticus and the ligamentum thyreoepiglot- ticum, a. band passing from the thyroid notch to the tip of the epiglottis. thyrogenous (thi-roj'en-us) [thyroid + G. gennao, I produce.] Of thjToid-gland origin, thyreogenic. thyroglan'din. Trade name of a preparation of the thyroid gland, recommended in myxedema and other morbid states. thyroglob'ulin. An iodine-containing globulin in the thyroid gland. thyrogloss'al. Relating to the thyroid gland and the tongue, noting a duct in the embryo. thyrohy'al. The greater cornu of the hyoid bone. thyrohy'oid. Relating to the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone, hyothyroid; see musculus thyreohyoideus. thy'roid [G. thyreos, an oblong shield, + eidos, form.] Resembling a shield, scutiform; noting a gland {glandula* thyreoidea) and a cartilage of the larynx {cariilago* thyreoidea). Also written, more correctly, but less commonly, thyreoid. access'ory t., an outlying mass of thyroid gland tissue, t. axis, truncus thyreocervicalis [BNA]. t. bar, one of the two visceral arches of the em- bryo, which develops into the t. cartilage, t. body, t. gland, t. car'tilage, cartilage thyreoidea. t. disloca'tion, dislocation of the head of the femur into the obturator foramen, t. em'inence, the Adam's apple, the prominence of the thyroid cartilage in the front of the neck. t. fora'men, foramen obturatum. t. gland, (1) glandula* thyreoidea [BNA], a ductless gland l3ring in front of the upper part of the trachea; it furnishes an internal secretion of influence upon metabolism, the absence of which results in cretinism and myxedema; (2) the thyroid gland of the sheep employed in crude form, in extract, or desiccated (glandulae* thyroideas siccae, U.S.P.) in the treat- ment of myxedema, cretinism, and to promote metabolism, t. ther'apy, t. treat'ment, the treat- ment of my^xedema, cretinism, and other condi- tions by some preparation of the thyroid gland of the sheep. thyroidec'tin. Thyreoidectin. thyroidec'tomize. To remove the thyroid gland from. thyroidec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Removal of the thyroid gland. thyroid'in. Trade name of a thyroid gland prep- aration, employed in mjrxedema and other conditions. thy'roidism. i. Hyperthyrea. 2. Poisoning by overdoses of a thyroid extract. thyroiditis (thi-roy-di'(de')tis). Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Ug'neous t., Riedel's disease, a condition due to the development of a dense fibro- sis in the thyroid gland, parasit'ic t., an infec- tious disease of the ductless glands, marked clinically in the chronic form by enlargement of the thyroid and myxedematous symptoms; by enlarged thyroid, submaxillary, and axillary glands, and fever in the acute form; the patho- genic microorganism is believed to be a trypano- some, Schysotripanum cruzi, transmitted by a, hematophagous bug, Lamus (Conorrhinus) megis- tus, in which it is parasitic in the intestine; called also Chagas's, or Chagas-Cruz, disease. thyroidiza'tion. The therapeutic use of a thyroid gland preparation. thyroidot'omy [G. tome, incision.] i. Any cutting operation on the thyroid gland. .1. Division of the thyroid cartilage; laryngotomy. thyroiodine (thi-ro-i'o-din) . An organic (non-pro- tein) iodine compound in the thyroid gland which, when combined with a protein, forms thyroglobulin. thyroiodinine (thi-ro-i'o-din-en). lodothyrin. thyrolaryngeal (thi"ro-ia-rin'je-^l). Relating to the thyroid gland or cartilage and the larynx; see arieria thyreolaryngea. thyrolin'gual [L. lingua, tongue.] Thyreoglossal. THYRON TIDAL thy'ron. Trade name of a. preparation from the thyroid gland of the pig ; used for the same pur- poses as the other thyroid preparations in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). thyron'cus. Thyreoncus. thyronucleoalbumin (thi-ro-nu"kle-o-al-bu'min). A nucleoalbumin in the thyroid gland. thyropal'atine. Noting the musculus* pharyngo- palatinus. thyrophaiyngeal (thi-ro-fS-rin'je-al). Noting the musculus* thyreopharyngeus. thyrop'rival. Thyreoprivus, strumiprivus. thyroprotein (thi-ro-pro'te-in). Trade name of an extract' containing the active principles of the thyroid gland adjusted to a standard of 0.33 per cent, iodine. thyroptosia (thi-rop-to's!-ah) [G. ptosis, a. falling.] Downward dislocation of the thyroid gland. thyrot'omy [G. tome, a cutting.] i. Incision of the thyroid cartilage, laryngotomy. 2. Any cutting operation on the thyroid gland. thyrotox'ic. Relating to thyrotoxin. t. se'rum, a. thyrotoxin obtained by injecting into animals the nucleo-proteins of the thyroid gland. thyrotoxicosis (thi-ro-tok-si-ko'sis) [thyroid + G. toxikon, poispn, + -osis.\ Poisoning by an excess of thyroid secretion; exophthalmic goiter. thyrotox'in. A specific cytotoxin obtained by injections of thyroid gland emulsion. thjrrotrope (thi'ro-trop) . One who has a thyroid type of constitution. thyrotropic (thi-ro-trop'ik) . Relating to thyro- tropism; of the thyroid type of constitution. thyrotropism (thi-rot'ro-pizm) [thyroid gland + G. tropos, a turning.] A type of endocrine constitution in which the thyroid exercises a dominating influence. thyroxin (thi-roks'in) [abbreviation of thyro-oxy- indol.] The active iodine compound existing normally in the thyroid gland and extracted therefrom in crystalline form by Kendall for therapeutic use; it is also prepared synthetically; chemically it is trihydro-triiodo-oxy-beta-indol- propionic acid. thyrsus (thur'sus) [G. ihyrsos, an ivy-wound wand.] Penis. Ti. Chemical symbol of titanium. tib'ia, gen. and pi. tib'ia [L. pipe, flute.] Shin-bone; the inner and larger of the two bones of the leg, ar- ticulating with the femur, fibula, and astragalus. tib'iad [L. ad, to.] In a direction toward the tibia. tibix'us. Tibialis. tib'ial. Relating to the tibia. tibia'le posti'cum, A sesamoid bone in the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle. tibia'lis [L.] Tibial; relating to the tibia or to any structures named from it; see under arteria and musculus. tib'ien [G. en, in.] Relating to the tibia indepen- dent of other parts. tibiocalca'nean. Relating to the tibia and the calcaneus. tibiofascia'lis. See under musculus tibiofem'oral. Relating to the tibia and the femur, noting the t. articulation, or knee-joint, and the t. index.* tibiofib'ular. Relating to both tibia and fibula. t. articula'tion, (i) inferior, syndesmosis tibio- fibularis [BNA] (2) superior, articulatio tibio- fibularis. tibionavic'ular. Relating to the tibia and the navicular bone of the tarsus. tlbioperone'al. Tibiofibular. tibioscaph'oid. Tibionavicular. tibiotar'sal. Relating to the tibia and the tarsus, noting the t. articulation, or ankle-joint. tic [Fr.] A more or less involuntary repeated con- traction of a certain group of associated muscles ; an habitual spasmodic movement of any part; a habit contraction, convul'sive t., mimic t. fa'cial t., mimic t. hab'it t., an habitual repeti- tion of some grimace, shrug of the shoulder, twisting or jerking of the head, or the like, lo'cal t., a t. of very limited extent, as the wink- ing of an eye, a twitch of a finger, or the like mim'ic t., facial spasm, involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, usually unilateral, psy'chic t., a gesture or ejaculation made under the in- fluence of an irresistible morbid impulse, ro'ta- tory t., rotatory spasm.* spasmod'ic t., a dis- order in which sudden spasmodic coordinated movements of certain muscles or groups of physi- ologically related muscles occur at irregular intervals, t. de pens£e (tik de pahn-sa') [Fr..of thought], the habit of involuntarily giving expression to any thought that happens to be present in the mind. t. douloureux (doo-loo-re') [Fr. painful], a form of trigeminal neuralgia due to degenerative changes in the nerve, t. non- douloureux, myoclonus. tick. A mite of the families Ixodidce and Argasidiz, both of ■which contain many parasitic species which transmit pathogenic protozoa to man and the lower animals ; so far as known only members of the family ArgasidcE are injurious to man, African relapsing fever t., Ornitkodorus moubata. spotted-fever t., Dermacentof modestus, D. venus- us. D. reticulatus occidentalis. Texas-fever t., Margaropus annulatus, the t. instrumental in the spread of Texas cattle fever. tick-fe'ver. i. Any infectious disease of man or the lower animals caused by a protozoan blood- parasite transmitted through the agency of a tick. 2. African relapsing* fever. 3. Texas cattle fever. 4. Rocky Mountain spotted fever; an acute infectious disease, of high mortality, characterized by arthritic and muscular pains, a moderately high continuous fever, and a profuse petechial eruption; it occurs in the spring of the year in several of the States in the Rocky Moun- tain region; the pathogenic organism is not deflnitely determined (see Rickett's* organism and Babesia hominis), but it is transmitted by two or more species of tick of the genus Derma- centor, D. venustus and D. modestus both being implicated. tickle (tik'l). To cause a peculiar and intolerable sensation by repeated light stimulation of the cutaneous nerve-endings, to titillate. tick'Ung. Titillation; a peculiar disagreeable sen- sation, caused by repeated light stimulation of the cutaneous nerve-endings ; it is accompanied by reflex involuntary laughing, sometimes fol- lowed, if the irritation is continued, by convul- sions. Tico'rea febrif'uga. A small tree of Brazil, the bark of which is employed as a, bitter astringent and antipyretic. ticpolon'ga. Cobra manil, a venomous serpent of Ceylon. tictol'ogy [G. iikto, I bear young, + -logia.} Obstet- rics. t.i.d. Abbreviation of L. ter in die, three times a day. ti'dal. Relating to or resembling the tides, alter- nately rising and falling, t. air, the ebbing and flowing air, that which enters and leaves the UAL, TINCTURA ungs with each cycle of respiration, t. respira'- ion, Cheyne-Stokes* respiration, t. wave, the phygmographic line of descent before the first licrotic break. 5 [A.S. ad, time.] An alternate rise and fall, ebb ind flow, acid t., a temporary increase in the icidity of the urine occurring during fasting. Ll'kaline t., a temporary decrease in the acidity of he urine occurring after eating. iy's test [Charles Meymott Tidy, English physi- ;ian, 1843-1892.] For albuminuria; a white jrecipitate is thrown down on the addition of jhenol and alcohol, or phenol and acetic acid, if Jbumin is present. demann's gland (te'deh-mahn) [Friedrich Tiede- nann, German anatomist, 1781-1861.] Bar- iholin's gland, glandula* vestibularis major, r.'s nerve, a nerve occompanying the central irtery of the retina in the optic nerve. ;er-lily appear'ance. The peculiar speckled ippearance noted in the fatty cardiac muscle in jemicious anemia. lie al'dehyde. A substance, CjHjO, obtained rom acetaldehyde by heating with zinc choride md diluted hydrochloric acid. lium. Croton iiglium, the source of oleum* ;igUi, or croton oil. retier (te-gre-tya') [Ft.] A form of saltatory ihorea or dancing mania occurring in certain jarts of Abyssinia. ;roid [G. iigris, tiger, + eidos, appearance.] Spotted and streaked like a tiger, noting the igroid masses, or Nissl bodies, which are collec- tions of deeply stainable substance in the proto- plasm of the neurons, or nerve-cells. These jodies are of various forms called nuclear caps 'cone-shaped masses covering each pole of the lucleus), tigroid spindles (spindle-shaped collec- ions variously placed in the cell protoplasm), ind wedges of division (masses found at the point )f bifurcation of a dendrite), t. bodies, Nissl jodies, t. masses; see above, t. ret'ina, see ■etina. t. masses, see the main title, t. spindle, me of the forms of t. masses br Nissl bodies; see :he main title, t. stria'tion, linear whitish or yellowish markings on the fatty degenerated leart-muscle. rol'ysis [G. lysis, solution.] Disintegration and lolution of the tigroid masses in a nerve-cell; ;hromatolysis, chromolysis, chromophilysis. ia. Linden* flowers. 'acin. A glucoside from the leaves of tilia, or inden* flowers. laux's disease' (te-lo') [Paul Jules Tillaux, Pari- sian surgeon, 1834-1904.] Nodular disease of ;he mamma; a form of mammitis marked by the presence of multiple fibrous tumors in the sub- itance of the breast; also called Tillaux-Phocai. Usease. ma [G.] Lint. mus [G. tilmos, plucking, tearing.] Carphologia. ibre (tanOsr) [Fr.] Tone-color, the distinguishing juality of a sound, by which one may determine ts source. le [A.S. tlma.l j.. That form of the relation of ivents which is expressed by the terms past, jresent, and future, and measured by various mits such as minutes, hours, days, months, years, !tc. 2. A certain period during which something lefinite or determined is done, iner'tia t., the nterval elapsing between the reception of the itimulus from a nerve and the contraction of the nuscle. reac'tion t., the interval between the ipplication of a stimulus to a nerve and the responsive contraction of a muscle, or other reaction, recogni'tion t., the interval between the application of a stimulus and the recognition of its nature. time-sense. The faculty by which the passage of time is appreciated. tin. A metallic element; see stannum. t. group, a group of three amphoteric elements, tin, titan- ium, and zirconium. tin'ca [L. a tench.] The tench, a fresh water fish tenacious of life, and in consequence thought in former times to possess healing virtues, os tin'cse, tench 's mouth, the os uteri. tinct. Abbreviation of L. iinciura, tincture. tinct'able. Stainable, capable of taking up a dye. tinction (tink'shun) [L. lingere, to dye.] i. A stain, a preparation for staining. 2. The act of staining. tincto'rial [L. tinctorius, dyeing.] Relating to color- ing or staining. tinctu'ra, gen. and pi. tinctu'rce [L. tingere, to dye.] Tincture, the pharmacopeial name of an alcoholic solution or extract of a non-volatile vegetable substance, an alcoholic solution of a volatile sub- stance being called ipiritus. There are four exceptions, however, to this d^finition in the list of official tinctures, viz., tinctures of iodine, ferric chloride, musk, and cantharides; in two of these the active substances are inorganic, in one vola- tile, and in two the tincture is made from an animal substance. The tinctures of iodine and ferric chloride are simple solutions, the others are extractive preparations. All tinctures are made with alcohol which is usually diluted with water and sometimes is ammoniated. t. aconi'ti (U.S. and Br.), tincture of aconite; the U.S. tincture is now of 10 per cent, strength (formerly of 35 percent.), dose, ^3—5 (0.18-0.3); the Br. tinc- ture is of s per cent, strength, dose, TiPs-is (0.3-r.o). t. aconi'ti, Flem'ing, Fleming's tincture of aconite; aconite 70, alcohol 100; this is 7 times stronger than the official (U.S.) tincture, is minims being the equiva- lent in strength of 10 grains of the crude drug; dose vsi-2 (0.06-0.12). t. actae'ae, tincture of actsea, t. cimicifugse. t. adhaf od« (B.A.), tincture of adhatoda; adhatoda leaves, dry, i, 60 per cent, alcohol 8; dose tI]}3(*-6o (2.0-4.0). tinctu'rse sethe'reae (N.F.), ethereal tinctures; a class of preparations consisting of 10 per cent, perco- lations of drugs in a menstruum of ether I and alcohol 2, t. al'oes (U.S., Br.), tincture of aloes; aloes 100, licorice 200, diluted alcohol to make 1000 (U.S.); ex- tract of Barbados aloes J, liquid extract of licorice 3, 45 per cent, alcohol to make 20 (Br.); dose (U.S.), 52-4 (8.0-16.0), (Br.), 3i-2 (2.0-8.0). t. al'oes et myr'rhEB (N.F.), tincture 0/ aloes and myrrh, elixir proprietatis Paracelsi, elixir pro; aloes 100, myrrh 100, licorice 100, alcohol 750, water 250; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). t. al'oes compos'ita (P.G.), compound tincture of aloes, Swedish bitters; aloes 6, gentian, zedoary, rhubarb, and saffron each i, 90 per cent, alcohol 200: dose, HJs-rS (0.3-1.0). t. alsto'nisB (B.A.), tincture of alstonia or dita bark, alstonia bark i, 60 per cent, alcohol 8; dose II530-60 (2.0-4.0). t. ama'ra, (i) (N.F.) bitter tincture, stomachic tincture, stomach drops; a tincture of gentian, cen- taury, zedoary, bitter orange peel, and orange berries; bitter tonic in dose of IIP30 (2.0); (2) (P.G.) bitter tincture; gentian 3, centaury 3, bitter orange peel 2, orange berries i, zedoary i, 68^ per cent, alcohol 50; stomachic in doses of 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). t. andrograph'idis (B.A.), tincture of andrographis; made by percolating with 60 per cent, alcohol; dose, 3i-i (2.0-4-0). t. antac'rida, antacrid tincture, Fenner's guaiac mix- TINCTURA TINCTURA ture; each dose of njiis (i .0) contains corrosive chloride of mercury gr. iV (0.005), guaiac and Canada turpen- tine each gr. i (0.06). oil of sassafras njii (0.013); emmenagogue. t. antiperiod'ica (N.F.), antiperiodic tincture, War- burg's tincture; rhubarb and angelica fruit, each 8, inula, saffron, and fennel, each 4, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, and agaric, each 2, pepper 0.3s, Saigon cinnamon and ginger, each 0.75, quinine bisulphate 20, extract of aloes 17 S» alcohol and water of each enough, in the proportion of 3 volumes of alcohol to 2 of water, to make 1000; dose 5 1-4 (4. 0-16.0). t. antiperiod'ica si'ne a'loe (N.F.). antiperiodic (Warburg's) tincture without aloes; same as the pre- ceding with the omission of the aloes; dose, 5 1-4 (4.0-16.0). t. aristolo'chiae (B.A.), tincture of aristolochia; aristolochia i, 70 per cent, alcohol 5; dose, 34— i (2.0-4.0). t. ar'nicffi (U.S., Br.), tincture of arnica; arnica 200, diluted alcohol 1000 (U.S.) ; arnica i, 70 per cent, alco- hol 20 (Br.) ; applied externally for bruises and sprains, t. aromat'ica (N.F.), aromatic tincture; Saigon cin- namon 100; Jamaica ginger 40, galangal, clove, and cardamom seed, each 20, alcohol and water, in the pro- portion of 2 volumes to one, to make 1000; dose 15130 (2.0). t. asafoefidae (U.S., Br.), tincture of asafetida; asafetida 200, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); asafetida 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, TIBio-30 (0.6-2.0). t. auran'tii (Br.), tincture of orange peel; bitter orange peel s, 90 percent, alcohol 20; doge, 3i~2 (2.0— 8.0). t. auran'tii ama'ri (U.S.), tincture of bitter orange peel; bitter orange peel 200, alcohol 600, water 400; dose 54-2 (2.0-8.0). t. auran'tii dul'cis (U.S.), tincture of sweet orange peel; sweet orange peel 500, alcohol 1000; dose, 3i— 2 (2.0-8.0). t. azadirach'tae (B.A.), tincture of azadirachta or of margosa bark; azadirachta i, 45 percent, alcohol 10; dose, 3i~i (2.0-4.0). t. belladon'nEe (Br.), tincture of belladonna; liquid extract of belladonna root 2, 60 per cent, alcohol 30^ dose, TI]35-is (0.3-1.0). t. belladon'nse folio'rum (U.S.), tincture of bella- donna leaves; belladonna leaves 100, diluted alcohol 1000; dose TlBs-iS (0.3-1.0); this tincture is about -J weaker than the same preparation in the U.S. P. 1890. t. benzoi'ni (U.S.), tincture of benzoin; benzoin 100. alcohol 1000; used externally for sunburn, chilblains, etc t. benzoi'ni compos'ita (U.S., Br.), compound tinc- ture of benzoin, elixir traumaticum; benzoin 100, aloes 20, storax 86, balsam of Tolu 40, alcohol to make 1000 (U.S.); benzoin 2, storax li, balsam of Tolu 4, socotrine aloes J, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); em- ployed by inhalation in croup and bronchitis, and externally as a vulnerary, t. bryo'niaB (N.F.), tincture of bryonia; bryonia 100 to alcohol 1000; dose, 3i (40). t. bu'chu (Br.), tincture of buchu; buchu leaves 4, 60 per cent, alcohol 20; dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). t. cac'ti grandiflor'i (N.F.), tincture of cactus grandi- florus; dose irKiS (i 0). t. calen'dulEB (N.F.), tincture of calendula or of marigold; calendula 200, alcohol 1000; employed externally in sprains and bruises. t. calotrop'idis (B.A.), tincture of calotropis; calo- tropis I, 60 percent, alcohol 10; dose 3i-i (2.0-4.0). t. calum'bse (U.S., Br.), tincture of calumba or of Colombo; calumba 200, alcohol 600, water 400; dose, 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. campho'raB compos'ita (Br.), compound tincture of camphor, t. opii camphorata (U.S.), paregoric, paregoric elixir; tincture of opium 585 minims, benzoic acid 40 grains, camphor 30 grains, oil of anise 30 minims, 60 per cent, alcohol to make 20 fluidounces; dose, TfJ|3o-6o (2.0-4.0). t. can'nabis (U.S.), t. can'nabis in'dicsB (Br.), tinc- ture of cannabis, tincture of Indian hemp; cannabis 100, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); extract of Indian hemp i, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, llls-rs (0.3-1.0). t. canthar'idiB (U.S., Br.), tincture of cantharides tincture of Spanish flies; cantharides 100, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); cantharides i, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br,); dose W1-5 (0.06-0.3). t. cap'sici (U.S., Br.), tincture of capsicum; capsi- cum 100, alcohol 950, water 50 (U.S.); capsicum i» 70 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose TIB5-1S (0.3-1.0). t. cap'sici et myr'rhffi (N.P.), tincture of capsicum and myrrh, hot drops, "number six"; each dose of 34 (2.0) contains capsicum gr. i (0.06) and myrrh gr. 4 (0.25); carminative and stomachic. t. caramell'is (N.P.), tincture of caramel; caramel, 100; alcohol, 250; water, 750. t. cardamo'mi (U.S.), tincture of cardamom; carda- mom, 200, diluted alcohol 1000; dose 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. cardamo'mi compos'ita (U.S. , Br.) , compound tincture of cardamom; cardamom 25, Saigon cinnamon 25, caraway 12, cochineal 5, glycerin 50, diluted alcohol to make 1000 (U.S.); cardamom i ounce, caraway i ounce, raisins 2 ounces, Ceylon cinnamon 4 ounce, cochineal 55 grains, 60 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose 34-2 (2.0-8,0). t- cascaril'lse (Br.), tincture of cascarilla; cascarilla 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20; dose, 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. cafechu (Br.), tincture of catechu; catechu 4, Ceylon cinnamon i, 60 per cent, alcohol 20; dose 3i-2 (2,0-8,0>. t. cafechu compos'ita (U.S. 1890), t, gambir com- posita. t. chira'tse (Br.), tincture of chirata or of chiretta; chirata 2, 60 per cent, alcohol 20; dose, 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. chlorofor'mi et morphi'nae compos'ita (Br.), com- pound tincture of chloroform and morphine; chloro- form i4 fluidounces, morphine hydrochloride 874 grains, diluted hydrocyanic acid i fiuidounce, tinc- ture of capsicvuu 4 fiuidounce, tincture of Indian hemp 2 fluidounces, oil of peppermint 14 minims, glycerin 5 fluidounces, 90 per cent, alcohol to make 20 fluid- ounces ; made to imitate chlorodyne ; employed in diarrhea in doses of n]!io-3o (o.6-r2.o). t. cimicif'ugae (N.F.. Br.), tincture of cimicifuga, tincture of actaea racemosa or of black cohosh, or of black snakeroot; cimicifuga 200, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); cimicifuga 2, 60 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br,); dose, 34—2 (2,0-8.0). t. cincho'nee (U.S., Br.), tincture of cinchona, tinc- ture of bark; cinchona 200, glycerin 75, alcohol 675, water 250 (U.S.); red cinchona i, 70 per cent, alcohol 5 (Br,); dose, 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. cincho'nse compos'ita (U.S., Br.), compound tinc- ture of cinchona,* Huxham's tincture of bark; red cinchona 100, bitter orange peel 80, serpentaria 20, glycerin 75, alcohol 675. water 250 (U.S.) ; bitter orange peel I ounce, serpentaria 4 ounce, cochineal 28 grains, saffron 55 grains, 70 per cent, alcohol 10 fluidounces, tincture of cinchona 10 fluidounces (Br.); dose, 34~3 (2.0-8.0), t. cincho'nse detanna'ta, detannated tincture of cin- chona, made from the fluidextract after removal of the tannin by ferric oxide; its strength is the same as that of t, cinchonee (U.S.), t. cinnamo'mi (U.S., Br.), tincture of cinnamon; Saigon cinnamon 200, glycerin 75, alcohol 675, water 250 (U.S.); Ceylon cinnamon 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, 54-2 (2.0-8.0). t. coc'ci (Br.), tincture of cochineal; cochineal 2, 45 per cent, alcohol 20; used as a coloring agent only, t. coc'culi in'dici (N.F.), tincture of cocculus indicus, used externally as a parasiticide. t. col'chici sem'inis (U.S.) , t. col'chici sem'inum (Br.) ; tincture of colchicum seed, tincture of colchicum; colchicum seed 100, alcohol 600, water 400 (U.S.). colchicum seed 4, 45 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br,); dose (U.S.). n]Ji5-6o (1.0-4.0), (Br.), Tfpio-30 (0.6-2.0). t. coni'l (Br.), tincture of conium; conium fruit 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20; dose IIP20-60 (1.3-4.0). t. coscin'ii (B.A.), tincture of coscinium; i part macerated in 10 parts of 60 per cent, alcohol; dose, ll)!3o-6o (2.0-4.0). t. co'to, t. paracoto. t. creso'lis sapona'ta, saponated tincture of cresol; soft soap 45, fcresol 35, alcohol 100; used externally as an antiseptic. t. cro'ci (N.F., Br.), tincture of saffron; saffron 100, alcohol 1000; used chiefly as a coloring agent. IOZ3 XXJ."N»^ J. lJX\.iT^ . cube'bffi (N.F.. Br.), tincture of cubeb;cubeb 200 ohol 1000; dose 3i-2 (2.0-8.0). . dfelphin'ii (N.F.) , tincture of larkspur, used chiefly emally as a parasiticide. . digita'Us (.U.S., Br.), tincture of digitalis; digita- 100, diluted alcohol 1000 (U.S.); digitalis 2i, 60 cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose iruio-is (0.6-1.0). . ergo'tse ammonia'ta (N.F., Br.), ammoniated tinc- e of ergot; ergot s, solution of ammonia 2, 60 per -t. alcohol to make 20; dose 3J-2 (2.0-8.0). :. fer'ri chlora'ti eethe'rea (P.G.), ethereal tincture chlorated iron, t. ferri chloridi setherea (N.F.). . fer'ri chlo'ridi (U.S.), tincture of ferric chloride, erri perchloridi (Br.), tincture of the perchloride or o.ride of iron; solution of ferric chloride 350, alco- 650 (U.S.) ;" strong solution of ferric chloride s, per cent, alcohol 5, distilled water 10 (Br.); dose, f-20 (0.3-1.3). ;. fer'ri chlo'ridi aethe'rea (N.F.), ethereal tincture ferric chloride, Lamotte's drops, Bestucheff's tinc- e; each dose of 3i (4-0) contains the equivalent of 3ut gr. i (0.03) of metallic iron, in a mixture of ohol 7, ether 2, tincture of ferric chloride i. . fer'ri citrochlo'ridi (N.F.), tincture of citrochloride iron, tasteless tincture of iron; prepared by heating ;ether solutions of ferric chloride and sodium citrate , i adding alcohol and water; each dose of T^Jio (0.6) Ltains about gr. i (0.06) of ferric chloride. . fer'ri poma'ta (P.G., N.F.), tincture of ferrated ;ract of apples; a hydroalcoholic solution of extrac- n ferri pomatupa (N.F.) flavored with cinnamon; ;h dose of 3i (4-o) represents gr. J (0.008) of metal- iron. . gallae (N.P., Br.), tincture of nutgall, tincture of Is; nutgall 200, glycerin 100, alcohol 900; employed ally as an astringent in relaxed uvula, tonsillitis, 1 prolapse of the rectum.; internal dose, TI])3o-6o 0-4.0). ;. gambir compos'ita (U.S.), compound tincture of nbir, t. catechu composita (U.S. 1890); gambir 50, ,gon cinnamon 25, diluted alcohol 1000; dose 3i-2 0-8. o) . ;. gelsem'ii (U.S., Br.) , tincture of gelsemium; semium 100, alcohol 650, water 350 (U.S.); gelsem- a 2, 60 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, UBs-is 3-1.0). ;. gentia''nae compos'ita (U.S., Br.), compound tinc- e of gentian; gentian 100, bitter orange peel 40, damom 10, alcohol 600, water 400 (U.S.) ; gentian 2 , ter orange peel J, cardamom i, 45 per cent, alcohol (Br.); dose, 3i-3 (2.0-8.0). ;. 'guai'aci (U.S.), tincture of guaiac; guaiac 200, ohol 1000; dose 3i*-2 (2.0-8.0). :. guai'aci ammonia'ta (U.S., Br.), ammoniated cture of guaiac; guaiac 200, aromatic spirit of ammo- 1000 (U.S.); guaiac 4 ounces, oil of lemon 20 lims, oil of nutmeg 30 m.inims, strong solution of monia ij fluidounces, alcohol i8j fluidounces (Br.); se. 34-2 (2.0-8.0). :. guai'aci compos'ita (N.F.), compound tincture guaiac, Dewee's tincture of guaiac; each dose of (4.0) contains guaiac gr. y^ (0.5), potassium carbo- ;e gr. i (0,02), flavored with allspice; emmenagogue i alterative. :. hamamel'idis (Br.), tincture of hamamelis, tinc- e'of witch hazel; hamamelis bark 2, 45 per cent. ohol 20; dose, nB3o-6o (2.0-4.0). . herba'rum recen'tium, tincture of fresh herbs; merly a class of U.S. P. preparations, now trans- ■ed to the N.F. with the title tincturge medicamen- ixm recentium iq.v.). , hu'muli (N.F.), tincture of hops; hops 200, alcohol >o; dose 3i (4-o)- . hydras'tis (U.S., Br.),^ tincture of hydrastis; irastis 200, alcohol 650, water 350 (U.S.); hydrastis So per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, TI530-60 (2.0- . hyoscy'ami (U.S., Br.), tincture of hyoscyamus; Dscyamus 100, diluted alcohol 1000 (U.S.); hyoscy- us leaves and tops 2, 45 per cent, alcohol 20; dose, [0-60 (2.0-4.0). igna'tiae (N.F.), tincture of ignatia; ignatia 100, ahol and water, in the proportion of 8 to i, 1000; ;e, njtio (0.6). t. io'di (U.S., Br.), tincture of iodine; iodine 70, potassium iodide 50, distilled water 50, alcohol to make 1000 (U.S.); iodine and potassium iodide each i ounce, water J fliiidounce, alcohol to make 20 fluidounces (Br.), usually employed externally; internal dose 11]! 1-3 (0.06-0.2). t. io'di for'tior (N.F.), stronger tincture of iodine, Churchill's- tincture of iodine, containing iodine 16. s. potassium iodide 3 .3, in alcohol and water 100; locally counterirritant ; internal dose iioi (0-06). t. io'di decolora'ta (N.F.), decolorized tincture of iodine; made with iodine, sodium thiosulphate, am- monia water, and diluted alcohol; practically a solu- tion of ammoniun^ iodide; rubefacient. t. ipecacuan'hse et o'pii (N.F.), tincture of ipecac and opium; liquid Dover's powder; fluidextract of ipecac 100, tincture of deodorized opium 900; dose, Ms-zo (0.3-1.3). t. jaboran'di (Br.), tincture of jaborandi or of pilo- carpus; jaborandi leaves 4 ounces, 45 per cent, alco- hol 20; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). t. jala'pje, (i) (Br.) tincture of jalap; jalap 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20; dose 34— i (2.0-4.0); (2) (N.F.) tincture of jalap; each dose of 5i (4.0) represents gr. 12 (0.8) of jalap. t, jala'pse compos'ita, (i) (B.A.) compound tinc- ture of jalap; jalap 8, scammony 2, turpeth i, 60 per cent, alcohol 100; purgative in doses of 34— i (2.0- 4.0) ; (2) (N.F.) compound tincture of jalap; each dose of -3 1 (4-0) represents jalap, gr. 8 (0.5), and scam- mony gr. 2 (0.13). t. ki'no (U.S., Br.), tincture of kino; kino 50, purified talc 10, glycerin 150, alcohol 650, water to make 1000 (U.S.); kino 2, glycerin 3, water 5, alcohol to make 20 (Br.): dose, 34-i (2.0-4.0). t. ki'no et o'pii compos'ita (N.F.), compound tincture of kino and opium; each dose of 3i C40) represents gr. 4 (0.03) each of kino and opium, in addition to smaller amounts of camphor, cloves, cochineal, and aromatic spirit of ammonia. t. krame'rise (N.F., Br.), tincture of krameria, tinc- ture of rhatany; krameria 200, diluted alcohol 1000 (U.S.); krameria 4, 60 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. lactuca'rii (U.S.), tincture of lactucarium; lactu- carium 500, glycerin 250, a mixture of alcohol, diluted alcohol, and purified petroleum benzin equal parts to make 1000; dose, 34— i (2.0-4.0). t. lavan'dulEB compos'ita (U.S., Br.), compound tincture of lavender; oil of lavender flowers 8, oil of rosemary 2, Saigon cinnamon 20, cloves 5, nutmeg 10, red saunders 10, water 250, alcohol 750 (U.S.); oil of lavender i4 fluidrachms, oil of rosemary 10 minims, cinnamon bark 150 grains, nutmeg 150 grains, red sandal-wood 300 grains, 90 per cent, alcohol 40 fluid- ounces (Br.); employed for flatulence and nausea in doses of tiP3o-6o (2.0-4.0). t. limo'nis (Br.), tincture of lemon, t. limonis corti- cis (U.S.); fresh lemon peel 5, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); employed as a flavor in doses of 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. limo'nis cor'ticis (U.S.), tincture of lemon peel, t. limonis (Br.); fresh lemon peel 500, alcohol 1000; used as a flavor in doses of 34-2 (2.0-8.0). t. lobe'lise (U.S.), tincture of lobelia; lobelia 100, diluted alcohol 1000; dose, TIU10-20 (0.6-1.3) as an expectorant, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0) as an emetic. t. lobe'liee aethe'rea (Br.), ethereal tincture of lobe- lia; lobelia 4, spirit of ether 20; dose, Ms-zo (0.3-1.3). t. lu'puli (Br.), tincture of hops; hops 4, 60 per' cent, alcohol 20; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). tinctu'rse medicamento'rum recen'tium (N.F.), tinc- tures of fresh drugs; the general formula for these tinc- tures is to macerate 500 grams of the cut, bruised, or crushed fresh drug in alcohol, 1000 mils, for 14 days, then strongly express the liquid and filter it through paper. t. mos'chi (U.S.), tincture of musk; musk s, alcohol 45, water 45, diluted alcohol 10; dose, 54— i (2.0-4.0). t. myr'rhae (U.S., Br.), tincture of myrrh; myn-h 200, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); myrrh 4, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); employed as an astringent in receding and spongy gums, relaxed uvula, etc. t. nu'cis vom'icse (U.S., Br.), tincture of nux vomi- ca; extract of nux vomica 20, alcohol 750, water 250 (U.S.); liquid extract of nux vomica 2, distilled water TINCTURA 1024 TINCTUR 3, 90 per cent, alcohol 9 (Br.): the U.S. tincture is i weaker than that of the U.S.P. 1890 and i the strength of the B.P. tincture; dose (U.S.), IIIs-io (0.3-0.6), (Br.), nis-is (0.3-1.0). t. oliv'eri coi'ticis (B.A.), tincture of black sassafras bark; oliveri cortex i, 60 per cent, alcohol 10; carmina- tive in doses of ^30-60 (2.0-4.0). t. o'pii (U.S., Br.), tincture of opium, laudanum; opium 100, alcohol, water, and diluted alcohol equal parts to make 1000 (U.S.); the B.P. tincture of opium is about I the strength; dose (U.S.), UPs-so (0.3-1.3), (Br.), 11510-30 (0.6-2.0). t. o'pii ammonia' ta (Br.), ammoniated tincture of opium; tincture of opium 3 fluidounces, benzoic acid z8o grains, oil of anise i fluidrachm, solution of am- monia 4 fluidounces, 90 per cent, alcohol to make 20; dose IIJ30-60 (2.0-4.0). t. o'pii camphora'ta (U.S.) , camphorated tincture of opium, paregoric, paregoric elixir, t. camphorae com- posita (Br.); opium 4, benzoic acid 4, camphor 4, oil of anise 4, glycerin 40, diluted alcohol to make 1000; dose, 5 1-4 (4.0-16.0). t. o'pii croca'ta (N.F.), tincture of opium with saf- fron, practically the same as Sydenham's laudanum or wine of opium; granulated opium, 100; saffron, 25; Saigon cinnamon and clove, of each 6; diluted alcohol, to make 1000; dose, itrio (0.6). t. o'pii deodora'ta (U.S.), tincture of deodorized opium; extract opium 200 with boiling water 500, wash the percolate with purified petroleum benzin, and after removing the benzin add alcohol 200 and water suffi- cient to make 1000; dose, liPs-20 (0.3-1.3). t. papav'eris, tincture of poppy ; each dose of 5 i (2 . o) represents the extract from gr. is (i .0) of poppy cap- sules. t. paraco'to (N.F.), tincture of paracoto, formerly tincture of coto; paracoto 125, alcohol 1000; dose, 11E30 (2.0). t. passiflor'se (N.F.), tincture of passion flower; dose, iTRio Co. 6). t. pectora'lis (N.F.), pectoral tincture, pectoral drops, Bateman's pectoral drops; a mixture of lauda- num, compound tincture of gambir, oil of anise, and camphor; expectorant for children in dose of lljjio (0.6), representing HJJ^ (0.03) of laudanum. t. persio'nis (N.F.), tincture of cudbear; used as a bright red coloring agent. t. persio'nis compos'lta (N.F.) , compound tincture of cudbear; differs from the preceding by the addition of caramel; a dark brown coloring agent. t. phos'phori, tincture of phosphorus, spiritus phos- phori (N.F.). t. physostig'matis (U.S.), tincture of physostigma, tincture of Calabar bean; physostigma 100, alcohol 1000; dose liPio-30 (0.6-2.0). t. picrorrhi'zse (B.A.), tincture of picrorrhiza; picrorrhiza i part, macerated in 45 per cent, alcohol 8 parts; dose 5i-i (2.0-4.0). t. pimpinel'lae (P.G., N.F.), tincture of pimpinella; pimpinella 16.5, extracted with diluted alcohol 100; ' diuretic and tonic in dose of 3 1 (4.0). t. podophyl'li (Br.), tincture of podophyllum; resin of podophyllum 320 grains, 90 per cent, alcohol 20 fluidounces; dose, 3r-2 (4.0-8.0). t. podophyl'li in'dici (B.A.), tincture of Indian podophyllum, of the strength of i part of the resin to 30 parts of 90 per cent, alcohol; dose, UPs-is (0.3-1.0). t, pru'ni virginia'nse (Br.), tincture of Virginian prune, tincture of wild cherry; wild cherry bark 4, distilled water yi, 90 per cent, alcohol 12}; dose, 3 1-3 (4.0-8.0). t. pulsatill'ffi (N.F.), tincture of Pulsatilla; dose, mio (2.0). t. pyr'ethri (U.S., Br.), tincture of pyrethrum, tincture of pellitory; pyrethrum 200, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); pyrethrum 4, 70 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); employed locally in relaxation and paralysis of the uvula and pharynx. t. quas'siee (U.S., Br.), tincture of quassia; quassia 300, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); quassa 2,4spercent. alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, ll!!i.?-6o (1.0-4.0). t. quiUa'jee (N.P.), tincture of quillaja, tincture of soap bark; quillaja 200, alcohol 350, water 650; em- ployed as a shampoo. t. quini'nae (Br.), tincture of quinine; quinine hydn chloride 175 grains, tincture of orange, 20 fluidounce dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). ' '^ t. quini'nse ammonia' ta (Br.), ammoniated tinctui of quinine; quinine sulphate 175 grains, solution ( ammonia 2 fluidounces, 60 per cent, alcohol 18 fluic ounces; dose, 3 1-2 (2.0-4.0). t. rhe'i (U.S.), tincture of rhubarb; rhubarb 201 cardamom 40, glycerin zoo, alcohol 500, water 40( dose, n]33o-6o (2.0-4.0). t. rhe'i aquo'sa (P.G., N.P.), aqueous tincture c rhubarb; a dose of 3 1 (4.0) represents rhubarb gr. (0.4), sodium borate and potassium carbonate eac gr. S (0.04), flavored with cinnamon; cathartic- t. rhe'i aromafica (U.S.), aromatic tincture c rhubarb; rhubarb 200, Saigon cinnamon 40, cloves 4( nutmeg 20, glycerin 100, alcohol 550, water 450; dos< III!iS-6o (1.0-4.0). t. rhe'i compos'ita (Br.), compound tincture c rhubarb; rhubarb 2, cardamom i, coriander i, glyceri; 2, 60 per cent, alcohol 18; dose, 3 2-4 (8.0-16.0). t. rhe'i dul'cis (N.F.), sweet tincture of rhubarb rhubarb 100, licorice and anise, each 40, cardamor seed 10, alcohol and water 1000; dose 15130 (2.0). t. rhe'i et gentia'nae (N.F.), tincture of rhubarb an( gentian; each dose of 3i (4.0) represents rhubarb gr. , (0.25) and gentian gr. i (0.06); tonic laxative. t. rhe'i vino'sa (P.G.), vinous tincture of rhubart vinum rhei compositum (N.F.). t. sa'bal et san'tali (N.P.), tincture of saw palmetto and santal; saw palmetto, 200; sandalwood. 6s; alcoho and water, of each sufficient to make 1000; dose. S (4.0). t. sanguina'rias (U.S.). tincture of sanguinaria. tine ture of bloodroot; sanguinaria 100. acetic acid 20 alcohol 600, water 400; dose, HPio— 30 (0.6-1.0). t. sapo'nis vir'idis (U.S. 1880). tincture of greei soap, linimentum saponis mollis (U.S.) . t. sapo'nis vir'idis compos'ita, compound tincture o green soap, linimentum saponis mollis compositun (N.F.); employed externally in the treatment of skii diseases. t. scil'lee (U.S., Br.), tincture of squill; squill loc alcohol 750, water 230 (U.S.); squill 4. 60 per cent alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, III10-36 (0.6-a.o). t. sen'egse (Br.), tincture of senega; senega 4, 60 pe cent, alcohol 20; dose 3i— i (2.0-4.0). t. sen'nse compos'ita (Br.), compound tincture o senna: senna 4, raisins 2, caraway i, coriander i 45 per cent, alcohol 20; dose, 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0), t. serpenta'riae (N.P., Br.), tincture of serpentaria serpentaria 200, alcohol 650, water 350 (U.S.); serpen taria 4, 70 per cent, alcohol' 20 (Br.); dose, 3i-! (2.0-8.0). t. stramo'»ii (U.S., Br.), tincture of stramonium stramonium 100, diluted alcohol 1000 (U.S.); stramo- nium 4, 45 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.); dose, HJs-i' (0.3-1.0). t. strophan'thi (U.S.. Br.) , tincture of strophanthus strophanthus 100, alcohol 650, water 350 (U.S.) strophanthus i, 70 per cent, alcohol 20 (Br.) ; the U.S tincture is twice the strength of that of the U.S.P 1890. and four times as strong as the B.P. tincture dose (U.S.), HJ3-8 (0.2-o.s). (Br.), III5-20 (0.3-1.3). t. sum'bul (N.F.. Br.); sumbul 100, alcohol 1000: dose 3 1-2 (4.0-8.0). t. tinos'porae (B.A.), tincture of tinospoia or oi gulancha; resembles tincture of calumba in action dose, 3i-r (2.0-4.0). t. toluta'na (U.S.. Br.), tincture of tolu; balsam oi tolu aoo, alcohol 1000 (U.S.); balsam of tolu 2, 9c per cent, alcohol 1000 (Br.) ; used as a flavor in doses oi 1)!i5-6o (1.0-4.0). t. toluta'na fethe'rea, ethereal tincture of tolu; bal- sam of tolu dissolved in alcohol and ether; used foi coating pills. t. toluta'na solu'bilis, soluble tincture of tolu; a mix- ture of balsam of tolu, magnesium carbonate, glycerin, alcohol, and water; used as a flavor. t. urgin'eee (B.A.), tincture of urginea; urginea 1, macerated in 60 per cent, alcohol 5; dose THs-15 (o 5- i.o). t. valerU'nsB (U.S.). tincture of valerian; valerian 200. alcohol 7SO, water 250; dose, 5i-2 (3.0-8.0). [NCTURA I02S TINNITUS t. valeria'nse ammonia'ta (U.S., Br), ammoniated tincture of valerian; valerian 200, aromatic spirit of ammonia 1000 (U.S.) ; valerian 4 ounces, oil of nutmeg 30 ininims, oil of lemon 20 minims, solution of am- monia 2 fluidounces, 60 per cent, alcohol 18 ounces (Br.); dose, lI]!:s-6o (1.0-4.0). t. valeria'nffi in'dicee ammonia'ta (B.A.), ammoni- ated tincture of Indian valerian; resembles in prepara- tion and use the official ammoniated tincture of valerian; dose, 34-i (2.0-4.0). t. vanin» (N.F.), tincture of vanilla; vanilla 100, sugar 200, alcohol 650, water 350; used as a flavor. t. vaniUi'ni compos'lta, compound tincture (or es- sence) of vanillin; alcoholic solution of vanillin and :umarin, used for flavoring. t. vera'tri vir'idis (U.S.), tincture of veratrum viride, tincture of American hellebore; veratrum viride 100, ilcohol 1000; this is one-quarter the strength of the tincture of the U.S.P. 1890; dose, 1510-30 (0.6-2.0). t. vibur'ni op'uli compos'ita (N.F.), compound tincture of viburnum; each dose of 3 1 (4.0) represents viburnum opulus and dioscorea each gr. 2 (0.13) and Scutellaria gr. J (0.03), with cloves and cinnamon; emmenagogue, antispasmodic. t. zedoa'rise ama'ra (N.F,), bitter (or compound) tincture of zedoary; a dose of 3i (4.0) represents zedoary gr. 15 (i.o), aloes gr. 8 (0.5), rhubarb, gentian, white agaric, and saffron each gr. 4 (0.25), in glycerin, alcohol, and water; tonic laxative, resembling War- burg's tincture, t. antiperiodica, without quinine. t. zingib'eris (U.S., Br.), tincture of ginger; ginger 200, alcohol 1000; dose I1520-60 (1.3—4.0). ictura'tion. The making of a tincture from a crude drug. icture (tink'chur) [L. tinctura.J A liquid alcoholic extractive of a non-volatile vegetable substance, tinctures of iodine, ferric chloride, cantharides, and musk excepted; see tinctura. alcohoric t,, a t. made with undiluted alcohol, ammo'niated t., a t. made with ammoniated alcohol (aromatic spirit of ammonia), ethe'real t., a t. made with a mixture of alcohol and ether, glyc'erinated t., a t. made with diluted alcohol to which glycerin is added to facilitate the extraction or to preserve the preparation, golden t., a mixture of 4 fluid drachms of chloroform and 2 fluidounces each of ether, alcohol, and laudanum. Hahnemann'ian t., in homeopathy a preparation of equal parts by weight of alcohol and of the expressed juice of a plant; this is allowed to stand for eight or ten days and is then filtered. hy"droalcohoI'ic t., a t. made with diluted alcohol in various proportions with water, mother t., the standard homeopathic tincture of any drug, made by macerating or dissolving the drug in alcohol or water; the attenuations or dilutions are made from this ; its sign is B, the Oreek th; the mother t. of an acid is the first decimal dilution, or one part of acid to nine parts of distilled water, but in a few cases it is the centesimal dilution, and in the case of phos- phorus it is the third decimal dilution, t. of fresh drugs, tinctura medicamentorum recen- tium. 16 (tin) [A. S. tind, a prong.] In dentistry a slender pointed instrument. I'ea [L. a bookworm.] Ringworm, t. al'ba, due to Trichophyton macfadieni. t. albig'ena, due to Trichophyton albiscicans. t. bar'bae, t. sycosis. t. cap'itis, ringworm of the scalp, t. tonsurans. t. circina'ta, trichophytosis corporis, herpes ton- surans, ringworm of the body, an eruption, usually annular in form, occurring on the non- hairy parts of the body. t. circina'ta trop'ica, t. imbricata. t. cru'ris, t. inguinalis, dhobie itch, a pruritic affection clinically resembling eczema marginatum, involving the skin of the perineal region and inner side of the thighs, sometimes 6S the axillae, and teneath the breasts in women; it is due to the presence of a fungus, Trichophyton cruris or T. perneti. t. fla'va, due to Malassezia tropica, t. imbrlca'ta, due to Trichophyton con- centricum. t. favo'sa, favus. t. Imbrica'ta [L. overlapping like tiles], herpes desquamans, Toke- lau or Bowditch Island ringworm, a circinate eruption consisting of a number of concentric rings of overlapping scales, occurring in tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago, due to the pres- ence of a fungus, probably a species of Tricho- phyton, t. inguina'lis, t. cruris, t. intersec'ta, an eruption of roundish or oval, slightly elevated, itching patches on the trunk and extremities ; the patches may remain isolated or several may fuse together, but they do not form concentric rings; it is due to the presence of a fungus, t. ke'rion [G. kerion, honeycomb], (r) inflammatory ring- worm of the scalp and beard, marked by pustules and a boggy infiltration of the surrounding parts ; (2) favus. t. lupino'sa [L. lupinus, relating to a wolf], favus. t. ni'gra, due to Foxia (Clado- sporium) mansoni and other species, t. ni"gro- circina'ta, due to Trichophyton ceylonense. t. nodo'sa, a trichomycosis affecting the beard, marked by the presence of hard nodular masses surrounding the hairs, t. sabourau'di, due to Trichophyton blanchardi. t. syco'sis [G. sykon, a fig], parasitic sycosis, ringworm of the beard, occurring as a mild superficial affection, or in an inflammatory form resembling granuloma tri- chophyticum. t. ton'dens, t. tonsurans, t. ton'surans, herpes tonsurans, porrigo furfurans, ringworm of the scalp, with involvement of the hair and more or less complete alopecia, t. tri- chophyti'na, ringworm, trichophytosis, a disease of the skin, hair, and nails, due to the growth of a fungus of the genus Trichophyton, t. un'- guium, ringworm of the nails, causing thicken- ing, roughness, and splitting, t. ve'ra, favus. t. versic'olor [L. party-colored], pityriasis versi- color, chromophytosis, a chronic eruption of brownish yellow, branny patches on the skin of the trunk, due to the presence of a fungus, Microsporon furfur. Tinel's sign (te-nelz' sin). Signe de fourmille- ment; a sensation of tingling, or "pins and needles," felt in the distal extremity of a limb when percussion is made over the site of a divided nerve above; it indicates beginning of regeneration in the nerve. It is sometimes called "distal tingling on percussion," ab- breviated to D.T.P. tingibil'ity. • The property of staining, or of being tingible. tlngible (tin'ji-bl) [L. tingere, to dye, + habilis, fit, apt.] Stainable. tingle (ting'gl). To feel a peculiar pricking sensa- tion. ting'ling. A peculiar pricking thrill, caused by cold, by a mental shock, or striking a nerve, such as the ulnar at the elbow (the 'funny bone"). tinkle (ting'kl) [an imitative word.] To make a metallic clinking sound like that of a. coin or a small bell. j. A clinking metallic sound some- times heard on auscultation over a pneumothorax or a large pulmonary cavity. tink'ling. Tinkle (2). Tinnevell'y senna [Tinnevelly, Tinnevelli, or Tin- avely, a district in Madras, British India.] A senna derived from the cultivated Cassia angus- tifolia, marketed usually as Indian senna. tinni'tus [L. jingling.] Sonitus, subjective noises (ringing, whistling, booming, etc.) in the ears; TINNITUS 1026 TISSUE-TENSION called also t. au'rium, noises in the ears, and (. cer'ebri, head noises, click'ing t., an objective clicking sound in the ear in cases of chronic ca- tarrhal otitis media ; it may be audible to a by- stander as well as to the patient and is supposed to be due to an opening and closing of the mouth of the Eustachian tube, or to a rhythmical spasm of the velumpalati. tinos'pora (B.A.). Gulancha, the stem of Tinospora cordifolia of India and Ceylon ; bitter tonic like calumba; employed in rheumatism and as a stomachic. tint [L. tinctus; Hngere, to dye.] A shade of color varying according to the amount of white ad- mixed with the pigment, tint B, in «-ray meas- urement by the Sabouraud-Noir6 instrument, a color of the pastille indicating the quantity of radiation which will cause the hair to fall; about f the erythema dose. tintom'eter liini + O. meiron, measure.] A scale of colors of different shades, used to determine by comparison the intensity of color of the blood (hemoglobinometer) or of other fluids. tintometric (tin-to-met'rik). Relating to tintometry. tintometiy (tin-tom'e-trt). Estimation of the in- tensity of color in a fluid by comparison with a standard color scale. tip. I. A point, a more or less sharp extremity. 2. A separate, but attached piece, of the same or another structure, forming the extremity of a part. tip-foot. Talipes equinus. tiqueur (te-ker') [Fr.] One who suffers from a tic. tire [A.S. teorian.l i. To fatigue, to exhaust. ^. To become fatigued. 3. Exhasution, fatigue. tireballe (ter-bal') [Fr. tirer, to draw, + balle^ ball.] An in- strument in the form of a screw or spiral, designed for extracting a bullet or other foreign body from the tissues. tirefond (ter-fawn') [Fr. tirer, to pull, + fond, bottom,] An instrument in the form of a conical screw, designed for raising depressed bone as in fracture of the skull. fires (tirz). Trembles, milk*- sicl aggregated lymphoid nodules on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, the hypertrophy of which con- stitutes the morbid condition called adenoids. ton'sillar, ton'sillary. Amygdaline, relating to a tonsil, especially the faucial, or palatine tonsil. t. ring, Waldeyer's* throat-ring. tonsillec'tomy [L. tonsilla, tonsil, + G. ektome, excision.] Amygdalectomy; removal of the entire tonsil. ton'sillith. Amygdalolith. tonsillit'ic. Relating to or suffering from tonsillitis ; amygdalitic. tonsillitis (ton-sil-i'(e')tis) [L. tonsilla, tonsil, -I- G. -itis.'\ Amygdalitis, inflammation of a tonsil, especially of the palatine tonsil, lacu'nar t., inflam' mationof the mucous membrane lining the tonsil- lar crypts, parenchy'matous t., inflammation of the entire substance of the faucial tonsil, often pass- ing into quinsy, superfi'cial t., inflammation sim- ply of the mucous membrane covering the tonsil. tonsillolith (ton'sil-o-lith) [L. tonsilla, tonsil, -I- G. mhos, stone.] Amygdalolith; a calcareous con- cretion in a distended tonsillar crypt, tonsillar calculus. ton'siUotome [L. ionsilla, tonsil, -I- G. tome, a cutting.] Amygdalotome; an instrument, sometimes mod- elled after a guillotine, for use in cutting away a portion of an hypertrophied tonsil. tonsillot'omy. Amygdalotomy ; the cutting away of a portion of an hypertrophied faucial tonsil. tonsilloty'phoid. Typhoid fever complicated with a. pseudomembranous deposit on the tonsils. tontine (ton-ten') [after Lorenzo Tonii, Italian banker, 17 th century.] A form of life-insurance in which no dividends are paid until the end of a specified period, at which time the profits are divided among the survivors and those of the same class of insurance who have kept ' their policies in force. to'nus [L. ; G. ionos.] Tonicity. tooth, pi. teeth [A.S. toth.] One of the hard conical structures set in the alveoli of the upper and lower jaws, employed in mastication and assist- ing also in articulation. A tooth is a dermal structure, not bone; it is composed of dentine (substantia* ebumea [BNA]), encased in cement (substantia* ossea [BNA]) on the covered portion, and enamel (substantia* adamantina [BNA]), on its -exposed portion. It consists of a root (radix) buried in the alveolus, a neck (collum) covered by the gum, and a crown (corona) the exposed portion. In the center is a hollow, the tooth-cavity or pulp-cavity (cavum dentis [BNA]), filled with a connective-tissue reticulum contain- ing a jelly-like substance (pulpa dentis) and blood-vessels and nerves which enter through a canal at the apex of the root. The 20 milk-teeth or deciduous teeth (see dens* deciduus) appear between the sixth or ninth and the twenty-fourth months of life. These fall out and are replaced by the 32 permanent teeth (see dens* permanens} appearing from the 5th or 7th to the i6th or 23d years. There are four kinds of teeth; incisor (densincisivus), canine (dens caninus), bicuspid or premolar (dens premolaris), and molar (dens molaris). See dens, denial, dentition, and teeth. axle t., molar t bicus'pid t., bicus'pidate t., dens premolaris. buck t., a tooth which has erupted outside of the dental arch, ca'nine t., dens caninus. cross-pin t., an artificial t. in which the pins are placed horizontally, cuspid t., cus'pidate t., dens caninus. decid'uous t., milk t. eye t., the canine tooth, on either side. TOOTH 1030 TORRICELLIAN EXPERIMENT in the upper jaw. gum t., a molar t., dens* molaris. incl'sor t., dens incisivus. infundib'- ulum of the t., see mark, milk t., dens deciduus. per'manent t., dens pennanens. stomach t., one of the lower canine teeth, straight-pin t., an artificial tooth with the pins vertical, succeda'- neous t., dens succedaneus, one of the perma- nent teeth which replace the deciduous teeth, an incisor, cuspid, or bicuspid, wisdom t., dens serotinus. toothache (tooth'ak). Pain in a tooth, of neuralgic character or due to caries or periodontitis; odontalgia. tooth-band. Lamina dentalis. tooth-cough. Cough of reflex origin, due to caries or other disease or malformation of the teeth. toothed. Having teeth; having tooth-like projec- tions, dentate, serrate, t. ver'tebra, axis, epi- stropheus [BNA]. tooth-germ (tooth'jurm). The enamel organ and dentine papilla, constituting the developing tooth. reserve' t.-g., enamel organ and papilla of a per- manent tooth. tooth-key. An instrument formerly used for extract- ing a tooth by grasping it and then twisting it by a movement similar to the turning of a key. tooth-rash. Strophulus. tooth-sac. A capsule, developed from the connec- tive tissue of the gum, which encloses the develop- ing tooth. tooth -spasms (tooth'spazmz) . Infantile eclamp- sia. Tooth's type [Howard Henry Tooth, English phy- sician, contemporary.] Charcot*-Marie type of progressive muscular atrophy. topal'gia [G. topos, place, -I- algos, pain.] Pain localized to one spot; the presence of a painful point or spot ; a symptom occurring in hysteria or neurasthenia. Tope'ka Min'eral Wells, Kansas. Alkaline-saline- waters. Two wells. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, and various other dis- orders. topesthesia, topsesthesia (to-pes-the'zl-ah) [G. topos, place, + aisthesis, sensation.] The ability to lo- cate any part touched, through the tactile sense alone. topha'ceous. Sandy, gritty; relating to a tophus. to'phi. Plural of tophus. to'phus, pi. tophi [L. a calcareous deposit from springs, tufa.] i. A deposit of sodium biurate in the subcutaneous fibrous tissues in the neigh- borhood of a joint or in the cartilage of the exter- nal ear; chalk-stone. 2. A salivary calculus, or tartar. 3. A node or swelling on the periosteum of the cranium or tibia in syphilis. top'ica [neut. pi. of L. topicus, local, agreeing with remedia.] Remedies for local external use. top'ical [G. topikos; topos, place.] Relating to a definite place or locality, local, Topinard's angle (tS-pe-nar') [Paul Topinard, French anthropologist, 1830-1912.] Facial angle, ophryo- spinal angle.* T.'s line, a line running between the glabella and the mental point. topoanesthesia (to-po-an-es-the'zl-ah) [G. topos, place, -f- anesthesia,] Inability to localize a cu- taneous sensation. topognosis (to-pog-no'sis) [G. topos, place, -1- gndsis, knowledge.] The recognition of the location of a painful or other sensation; topes- thesia. topograph'ical. Relating to topography, t. anat'- omy, regional anatomy, topography.* t. dlagno'- sls, the determination of the seat of a disease. topog'raphy [G. topos, place, + graphs, a descrip- tion.] In anatomy, the description of any part of the body, especially in relation to a. definite and limited area of the surface. toponarco'sis [G. topos, place, + narkosis, a bentunb- ing.] A localized cutaneous anesthesia. toponeuro'sis [G. topos, place.] A localized neurosis. to'ponym [G. topos, place, -i- onyma, name.] A regional terra, one designating a region as dis- tinguished from the name of a structure, system, or organ. topon'ymy. Topical or regional nomenclature, as distinguished from organonymy.* topophobia (to-poTfo'bi-ah) [G. topos, place, -|- phobos, fear.] Abnormal fear or dread of certain localities. topotherm"esthesiom'eter [G. topos, place, -f therme, heat, -I- aisthesis, sensation, -f- metron, measure.] A device for determining the temperature sense in different parts of the surface. toramine (tor-am'en) . Trade name of ammonium trichlorbutylester-malonic acid; employed for the relief of cough. tor'cular Heroph'ili [L. wine-press of Herophilus.*] Confiuens sinuum [BNA]. to'ric. Relating to, or having the curvature of, a torus, t. lens, a lens ground on a glass curved like the surface of a torus. tor'men. See tormina. tor'ment [L. tormentum,, anguish.] Suffering, an- guish; colic, Ueus, tormina. toT'mentil, tormentiria. The rhizome of Potentilla tormentilla, septfoil, a plant of northern Europe and Asia; employed for the same purposes as geranium. tor'mina [L. pi. of tormen; torquere, to twist.] Severe colic or griping intestinal pain. tor'minal. Relating to or marked by tormina. Tomwald's disease' (tom'vahlt) [Gustavus Ludovi- cus Tornwaldt, German physician, 1843-1910.] Infiammation of the lacuna or crypt of the phar- yngeal tonsil, with the formation of a cyst con- taining pus; called also T.'s angina, T.'s bursitis. to'rose, to'rous [L. torosus, fleshy.] Bulging, tuber- cular, knobby. tor'pent [L. torpere, to be numb.] 1. Torpid. 2. A benumbing agent. tor'pid [L. torpidus; torpere, to be numb.] Inactive, sluggish. torpid'ity. Torpor. tor'por [L.] Numbness, insensibility, stupor, t. intestlno'rum, constipation, t. peristal'ticus, atonic constipation, t. ret'inae, a form of nyc- talopia, the retina responding only to strong luminous stimuli. torrefac'tion [L. torrefacere, to parch.] Parching or drying by heat; a pharmaceutical operation for rendering drugs friable. torrefy (tor'e-fi). To parch, to dry by heat. Torricellian exper'iment (tor-re-chel'I-an) [Evange- lista Torricelli, Italian physicist, 1608-1647.] A glass tube sealed at one end is filled with mercury and is then everted with the open end beneath the surface of mercury in an open vessel; the mercury in the tube will be observed to sink to a certain point, about 30 inches above the level of the mercury in the vessel, being kept at this elevation by the pressure of the atmosphere; this experiment revealed the principle of the mercu- rial barometer. T. vac'uum, the vacuum at the upper end of the barometer tube resulting from the sinking of the column of mercury to the point where it is balanced by the atmospheric pressure. TORSIOMETER 1031 TOXIC torsiom'eter [L. iorsio, torsion, + G. metron, meas- ure.] Clinometer. tor'sion [L. torqaere, to twist.] 1. A twisting or rotation of a part upon its axis. 2. Twisting of the cut end of an artery to arrest hemorrhage. t. angle, the angle formed by any two axial planes of a long bone. t. forceps, forceps used for mak- ing torsion of an artery to arrest hemorrhage. t. fracture, fracture of a bone caused by a twisting force, t. of a tooth, twisting of an irregular tooth without extraction, to bring it into line with the dental arch. tor'sive. Twisted in a spiral. torso (tor'so) [Ital.] The trunk; the body with- out relation to head or extremities. torsoclu'sion [L. torquere, to twist, + cludere, to close.] Acupressure performed by entering the needle in the tissues parallel with the artery, then turning it so that it crosses the artery transversely, and passing it into the tissues on the opposite side of the vessel. torticoll'ar. Relating to or .marked by torticollis. torticol'lis [L. tortus, twisted, + collum, neck.] Wry-neck, stiff-neck, caput obstipum, a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck, chiefly those supplied by the spinal accessory nerve ; the , head is drawn to one side and usually rotated so that the chin points to the other side, intermitt'- ent t., t. spastica, rheumat'ic t., symptomatic t. spu'iious t., stiffness of the neck due to caries of the cervical vertebrae, symptomat'ic t., rheu- matic t., stiff-neck due to rheumatism of the muscles of the neck, chiefly of the sternocleido- mastoid, occurring especially in children, t. spas'tica, intermittent stiff-neck due to clonico- tonic spasm of the neck muscles. tor'tuous [L. tortuosus.l Having many curves, full of turns and twists. tor'ula [L. torulus, dim. of torus, -a, swelling.] A former genus of budding fungi; now indicating the globular forms of these microorganisms, such as are frequently assumed by the wild yeasts. tor'ulifonn [L. torulus, dim. of torus, a knot, swelling, -I- forma, shape.] Having the form of a torula, beaded; noting a plate culture with a group of similar colonies resembling a budding yeast- plant; see cut under colony, 2, B. tor'uloid [L. torulus, dim. of torus, a knot, swelling, + G. eidos, resemblance.] Toruliform. tor'ulus [L. dim. of torus, a swelling.] A minute elevation, papilla, t. tac' ilis, tactile elevation, one of a number of small areas in the skin of the palms and soles especially rich in sensory nerve- endings. to'rus [L. a bulge.] x. A geometrical figure formed by the revolution of a circle round the base of any of its arcs ; such is the convex molding at the base of a pillar, x. A rounded swelling, such as that caused by a contracting muscle. 3. Tuber cinereum. 4. In botany, the base into which the parts of a single flower are inserted, t. fronta'- lis, a slight prominence on the frontal bone at the root of the nose. t. ma'nus, the metacarpal region, t. occipita'lis [BNA], an occasional ridge near the superior curved line of the occipital bone. t. palati'nus [BNA], palatine torus or protuberance ; a bony swelling sometimes present upon the median line (median palatine suture) of the roof of the oral cavity, t. spira'lis, stria medullaris. t. tuba'rius [BNA], Eustachian cushion, a ridge in the pharyngeal wall posterior to the opening of the Eustachian tube, caused by the projection of the cartilaginous portion of this tube. t. uteri'nus, a transverse ridge on the back part of the isthmus uteri, formed by the jimction of the rectouterine, or sacrouterine folds. Toti's operation (to'te) [Addeo Toti, Italian oph- thalmologist and laryngologist, contemporary.] Dacryocystorrhinostomy. totipotential cell (to-tl-po-ten'shal) [L. totus, all, -I- potentia, power.] A cell capable of giving origin to other cells of every kind necessary to form the entire individual ; such are the impregnated ovum and certain cells in the primitive germinal area or in the germinal blastomere. touch (pich) [Ft. toucher.} i. The tactile sense. 2. Digital examination, royal t., adenochiropsalogy, a former practice by the kings of England and France of tapping a scrofulous person with the finger; it was supposed to be curative of the disease. touch-cor'puscle. Meissner's or Wagner's corpuscle, corpusculum* tactus [BNA]. ' touch-me-not. Noli me tangere. touch -wood. A. Spunk. ■^. Rotten wood used as tinder. tour de maitre (toor-de-matr') [Fr. the master turn.] An old and spectacular method of passing a catheter or sound through the male urethra ; the instrument was introduced with concavity downward and stem parallel with the thighs, then, when the beak was in the neighborhood of the membraneous urethra, the catheter was turned rapidly with concavity upward and the tip swept into the bladder. Tourette's' disease'. See Gilles* de la Touretie. toumesol (tum'sol) [Fr. tourner, turn, + sol(,soleil), sun.] Litmus. tourniquet (toor'ni-ket) [Fr. tourner, to turn.] An instrument for arresting temporarily the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb ; it con- sists of a broad band drawn tightly around the limb, with a pad over the artery, the pressure of which is increased by means of a screw. Dupuy- tren's t., an instrument for compressing the ab- dominal aorta, garrote' t., a bandage tied tightly round the limb over a stick, a pad being sometimes placed over the artery; when the bandage is securely tied it is tightened as much as may be desired by turning the stick; called also Spanish t. Tourtual's canal' (toor'tu-al). Canalis pterygo- palatinus. tow. The coarse and broken part of flax, unfit for spinning, used in surgical dressings. tow'elling. Friction with a coarse towel. tower skull. Oxycephaly. Town'send's mix'ture [Joseph Townsend, English clergyman, 1739-1816.] A solution of red oxide of mercury i, potassium iodide 300, in water 2000, flavored with cardamom and syrup of orange peel. toxae'mia. Toxemia. toxalbu'min. Toxin, a toxic albumin. toxal'bumose. A poisonous albumose. tozane'mia, toxanae'mia [G. toxikon, poison, -I- an- priv. -I- haima, blood.] Anemia due to the ac- tion of a hemolytic poison. toxe'mia, toxse'mia [G. toxikon, poison, + haima, blood.] Blood-poisoning, the presence in the blood of the poisonous products of any patho- genic microorganism. toxe'mic. Relating to or suffering from toxemia. toxen'zyme. A poisonous enzyme. tox'ic. [G. toxikon, an arrow-poison.] i. Poison- ous. 2. Relating to a toxin. 3. Caused by a, poison, t. unit, see unit. TOXICEMIA 1032 TOXITABELL^ HYDRARGYRI tozice'mia, toxicae'inia. Toxemia. toz'icant. ±. Toxic, poisonous, n. Any poisonous agent, specifically an alcoholic or other poison causing symptoms of what is popularly called intoxication. toxicide (toks'i-sid) [G. ioxikon, poison, + L. ccedere, to kill.] i. Destructive to poisons, z. An agent which destroys a poison; a chemical antidote. toxicity (toks-is'J-ti). A state of being poisonous, poisonousness. toxicoden'drol. A fixed oil contained in the leaves of Rhus toxicodendron. toxicoden'dron [G. ioxikon, poison, + dendron, tree.] Poison ivy, Rhus* toxicodendron. toxicodei'ma [G. ioxikon, poison, + derma, skin.] Any skin disease caused by a poison. toxicodermatitis (toks-J-ko-dur-ma-ti'(te')tis). In- flammation of the skin caused by the action of a poison. toxicodennato'sis. Toxicoderma. toxicogen'lc [G. ioxikon, poison, + gennao, I pro- duce.] I. Producing a poison. 2. Caused by a poison. toxicohe'mia, toxicohse'mia. Toxemia. tox'icoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Having an action like that of a poison, temporarily pois- onous. tozicological (toks-I-ko-loj'i-kal). Relating to toxicology. toxicol'ogy [G. ioxikon, arrow-poison, -h -logia.l The science of poisons — their source, chemical composition, action, tests, and antidotes. toxicol'ogist. One who has a special knowledge of poisons and their antidotes. toxicoma'nia [G. ioxikon, poison, + mania, frenzy.] A craving for any poison. toxicomu'cin, A specific toxic mucin obtained from cultures of tubercle bacilli. toxicopath'ic. Noting any morbid state caused by . the action of a poison. toxicop'athy [G. ioxikon, poison, + pathos, suffer- ing.] Any disease of toxic origin. toxicophid^ia [G. ioxikon, poison, + ophidian, a serpent.] The venomous serpents, thanatophidia. toxicophloea (toks"i-ko-fle'ah) [G. toxicon, arrow- poison, + phloios, bark.] Acocanthera. toxicophobia (toks-i-ko-fo'bi-ah) [G. ioxikon, poison, -I- phobos, fear.] A morbid or insane fear of being poisoned. toxicophylax'in [G ioxikon, poison, -i- phylaxis, a guarding.] An antitoxic phylaxin, a defensive protein which destroys or neutralizes a toxin or other poisonous bacterial product. toxico'sis. Systemic poisoning; any disease of toxic origin, toxicopathy. endogen'ic t., auto- toxicosis, autointoxication, exogen'ic t., any disease caused by a poison introduced from without and not generated within the body, reten'tion t., endogenic t., nosotoxicosis, a disease due to the retention of waste products which are normally excreted as formed. toxicoso'zin. A sozin, or normal defensive protein, which destroys or neutralizes a toxin or other poisonous bacterial product. toxidermitis (toks-i-dur-mi'(me')tis). Toxicoderma- titis. toxif eroUB [G. ioxikon, poison, + pherd, I bear.] Containing poison, poisonous. toximu'cin. Toxicomucin. tox'in [G. ioxikon, (arrow-)poison.] A poisonous substance of undetermined chemical nature, elaborated during the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, an'imal t., zootoxin, a substance having the properties of an extracellular bacterial t., excreted by certain animal cells, bacte'rial t., one produced by bacteria ; there are two classes of bacterial toxins, differing markedly from each other in their mode of action and in their chemical and physical properties, viz., extracellular toxins, or exotoxins, and intracellular toxins, or endo- toxins, extracell'ular t., exotoxin, a t. excreted by a bacterial cell ; it is soluble in water, uncrystal- lizable, precipitable by alcohol, and thermolabile ; it is capable, within the animal organism, of exciting the production of a specific antitoxin; according to the side-chain* theory a toxin molecule has two atomic groups : the toxophore, which is the poisonous element, and the hapto- phore, which anchors it to the cell upon which it acts ; substances of a character similar to the exo- toxins are produced by certain animals {zootoxin) and plants (phyiotoxin) ; the extracellular toxins are analogous to the ferments and it has been suggested that they are specific ferments (them- selves non-toxic), by the action of which certain of the albumoses of the animal body are changed into highly poisonous compounds — the true toxins ; according to this theory the extracellular prod- uct of the bacteria is called primary toxin, the product of its enzymic action upon the albumoses of the host, secondary toxin, fatigue t., ponogen, kinotoxin, a substance isolated by Weichardt from the body fluids, after excessive muscular exertion, believed to be the cause of the phenom- ena of fatigue; by methods analogous to those employed in the case of bacterial toxins W. claims to have obtained a fatigue antitoxin possessing recuperative powers, intracell'ular t., endotoxin, a specific poisonous substance formed and retained within the bacterial cell, which exerts a poisonous action upon the animal cells only when freed by the disintegration (bac- teriolysis) of the bacteria; it differs somewhat from an exotoxin in its resistance to heat, being in general more thermostabile. plant t., a sub- stance, similar in its properties to an extracel- lular bacterial toxin, a phytotoxin. pri'mary t., see extracellular t. sec'ondary t., see extracel- lular t. toxine'inia, toxinse'mia. Toxemia. toxi-infec'tion. Toxinfeotion. tozi-infec'tious. Toxinfectious. toxinfec'tion. Infection with a toxin, the micro- organism causing which not being demonstrable. toxinfec'tious. Noting a disease due to the action of a toxin, the microorganism producing which not being demonstrable in the tissues or fluids of the body. toxin'ic. Relating to a toxin. toxinicide (toks-inl-sld) [toxin + L. ccedere, to kill.] 1. Destructive to a toxin, .s. An antitoxin or other agent which destroys or neutralizes a toxin. toxino'sis. Any disease or lesion caused by the action of a toxin ; toxinf ection. toxipep'tone. A poisonous peptone. toxipho'bia. Toxicophobia. toxires'in. A resinous substance, a cardiac poison, derived from digitoxin by the action of acids. tox'is. Poisoning. toxitabel'lffi hydrar'gyrl ehlo'ridi corrosi'vl (U.S.). Poison tablets of corrosive mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate tablets, bichloride tablets; angular tablets, colored blue, weighing about i gram (15 grains), containing about 0.5 gram (7 to 8 grains) of corrosive sublimate, and stamped with the skull and cross bones and the word " poison." 3XITHERAPY I033 TRACHELAGRA dther'apy. Treatment of an infectious disease by means of an antiserum. dtubercuHde (toks-I-tu-bur'ku-Ied). A cutaneous lesion believed to be due to the action of tubercu- lous toxin, the specific bacillus not being locally demonstrable. [oalexin (toks''o-a-leks'iu). A defensive protein, protecting the cells from the action of a toxin. Eogenin (toks-oj'en-in) [G. toxikon, poison, + ^ennao, I produce.] A hypothetical substance Eormed in the blood by the injection of antigen, which in itself is innocuous, but which, on the iddition of fresh antigen, gives rise to the phenomena of anaphylaxis. Eoid (toks'oyd) [toxin + G. eidos, resemblance.] A. toxin which has lost its toxophore group and so Is devoid of poisonous action, though still retaining its haptophore group, and capable of combining with receptors, either free (anti- toxiu) or attached. , roinfec'tiou. Toxinfection. [oinfec'tious. Toxinfectious. [olecithin (toks-o-les'I-thin). A mixture of a venom with lecithin, the latter acting as a comple- ment* for the former. col'ysin [toxin + G. lysis, solution.] Toxicide, mtitoxin. comu'cin. Toxicomucin. c'on. Epitoxoid, a hypothetical bacterial prod- uct, of feeble toxicity and weak affinity for mtitoxin; it is supposed to be the cause of the paralysis in the case of diphtheria ; see ioxonoid. c'onoid. A hypothetical substance in cultures of the diphtheria bacillus, which has weak afSnity for antitoxin; it is non- toxic to guinea-pigs but causes paralysis in rabbits. cono'sis [toxin + G. nosos, disease.] Toxicosis, toxicopathy; toxinosis. copep'tone. Toxipeptone. E'ophll, tox'ophile [G. toxikon, poison, -I- philos, fond.] Susceptible to the action of a poison. :'ophore [toxin + G. phoreo, I bear.] Noting the itomic group of the toxin molecule which carries the poisonous principle, and upon which, when mchored to the cell by its haptophore group, the specific action of the toxin depends ; ergophore. :oph'orous. Relating to the toxophore group rf the toxin molecule. :ophylax'in. Toxicophylaxin. xoplasma pyrogenes (toks-o-plaz'mah pi-roj'en- ;s) [G. toxikon, poison, + plasma; pyr, fire [fever), + genes, producing.] A protozoan blood parasite, causing irregular fever with headache, cough, and diarrhea, followed by inemia and sore and bleeding gums; quinine has ao effect on the disease. :oso'zin. Toxicosozin. yn'bee's cor'puscles [Joseph Toynbee, English Dtologist, 1815-1866.] Corneal corpuscle.* T.'s ezper'iment, swallowing when the mouth and nose ire closed causes rarefaction of air in the tym- panum. T.'s law, in brain disease due to otitis media, the lateral sinus and cerebellum are in- i^olved in case of mastoiditis, the cerebrum in ;ase of inflammation of the tympanic attic. T.'s lig'ament, tensor tympani muscle. T.'s o'toscope, ;ee otoscope. ' [tuberculin precipitation^ See Calmette's tuber- zulin* '. [Ger. Tuberculin RUckstand, residuum,] New tuberculin; the lower layer of sedimented pow- dered bacilli, the e'xtract of which forms the new tuberculin of Koch ; see under Tuberculin. Abbreviation for L. linctura, or tincture trab'al. Relating to the trabs cerebri, callosal. trabec'ula, gen. and pi. trabec'ula [L. dim. of trabs, a beam.] One of the supporting fibers traversing the substance of a structure, usually derived from the capsule or one of the fibrous septa, trabec'- ulae car'nesB [BNA], columns cameae, muscular bundles on the lining walls of the ventricles of the heart, t. cer'ebri, trabs cerebri, corpus callosum. t. cine'rea, the middle commissure of the brain, massa* intermedia [BNA]. t. cra'nii, an embryonic structure at the base of the skull where the sphenoid bone is developed later. trabec'ulce cor'porum cavernoso'rum, fibrous bands and cords given off from the fibrous envel- opes and septum of the corpora cavernosa penis. trabec'ulae li'enis [BNA], small fibrous bands given off from the capsule of the spleen and con- stituting the framework of that organ, trabec'- ulae testis, septula testis [BNA]. trabec'ular. Relating to or containing trabeculae. t. re'gion, a part of the base of the skull in the embryo, see trabecula* cranii. trabec'ularism. A state marked by the presence of trabeculae. trabec'ulate. Trabecular, marked by the presence of trabeculae, cross-barred. trabs, pi. tra'bes [L. a beam.] Corpus callosum, called also t. cerebri, trabecula cerebri. trace [Fr. ; L. irahere, to dra"w.] A mark; a slight, scarcely measurable quantity, prim'itive t., germinal streak.* tra'cer. An instrument used in dissecting out nerves and blood-vessels. trachea (tra-ke'ah; more commonly tra'ke-ah) [G. iracheia arteria, rough artery.] "Windpipe; the air-tube extending from the larynx, at the level of the disc between the 6th and 7th cervical ver- tebrae, to the giving off of the bronchi, at the level of the disc between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebra2; this point is called the bifurcation of the trachea. The trachea is composed of from 16 to 20 cartilaginous rings, connected by a mem- brane, the annular ligament; posteriorly the rings are defective for -^ to J of their circum- ference, the interval, forming the membranous wall, being closed by a fibrous membrane contain- ing unstriped muscular fibers, scab'bard t., a deformity of the t. caused by flattening and ap- proximation of the lateral walls, producing more or less pronounced stenosis. trachea-ec'tasy [G. ektasis, extension.] Dilatation of the trachea, tracheal (tra'ke-al). Relating to the trachea, t. catarrh, tracheitis, t. forceps, forceps with long slender curved blades and scissors handle, used for the extraction of foreign bodies from the trachea, t. pain, trachealgia. t. tri'angle, in- ferior carotid triangle.* t. tugging, a downward ■ pull of the trachea, manifested by a depression of the pomum Adami, synchronous with the action of the heart, symptomatic of aneurysm of the aortic arch; the sign is elicited most easily by drawing the cricoid cartilage upward with the thumb and forefinger while the patient sits with head thrown back and mouth closed; Oliver- Cardarelli sign, Porter's sign. trachealgia (tra-ke-al'jl-ah) [G. algos, pain,] Pain in the trachea. trachealis (tra-ke-a'lis). See under musculus. tracheitis (tra-ke-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the lining membrane of the trachea, tracheal catarrh. trachelagra (trS-ke-lag'rah) [G. trachelos, neck, -|- agra, a seizure.] A gouty or rheumatic affection of the muscles of the neck, producing torticollis. TRACHELALIS 1034 TRACHEOSTENOSIS trachelalis (trak-e-la'lis). Noting a muscle of the neck, musculus* longissimus capitis [BNA]. ■ trachelectotnopexy (tra,-ke-lek'toni-o-pek-sI) [G. trachelos, neck, + ekiome, excision, + pexis, fixation.] Partial excision, with fixation of the remaining portion of the cervix uteri. trachelectomy (tri-kel-ek'tS-ml) [G. trachelos, neck, + ektome, excision.] Amputation of the cervix uteri. trachelematoma (tri-ke-le-nia.-to'mah) [G. trachelos, neck, + haimaihaimat-), blood, + -oma,] A hematoma of the neck. trachelian (trS-ke'le-an) [G. trachelos, neck.] Cer- vical. trachelism, trachelismus (trak'e-lizm, trS-ke-Iiz'- mus) [G. trachSlismos.] A bending backward of the neck, such as sometimes ushers in an epileptic attack. trachelitis (tra-ke-li'(le')tis) [G. trachelos, neck, + -itis.] Inflammation of the mucous membrane, frequently involving also the deeper structures, of the neck of the womb; cervicitis. tracheloacromialis (tr4"ke-lo-S-kro-mI-alis). An anomalous muscle, arising occasionally from the occipital bone and inserted into the acromion process; it occurs normally in some animals, being called the levator scapulas muscle. trachelocele [trak'e-lo-sel) [G. trachelos, neck, + kele, tumor, hernia.] Tracheocele, bronchocele. tracheloclavicularis (trak"e-lo-klS-vik"u-la'ris). An anomalous muscle occasionally arising from the cervical vertebras and inserted into the outer end of the clavicle. trachelocyllosis (trak-e-lo-sil-lo'sis) [G. trachelos, neck, + kyllosis, a bending.] Torticollis,* wryneck. trachelocyrtosis (trak-e-lo-sur-to'sis) [G. trachelos, neck, + kyrtdsis, humpback.] Trachelokyphosis. trachelocystitis (trak-e-lo-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. trachelos, neck, + kystis, bladder, + -itis.'\ Inflammation of the neck of the bladder. trachel^dynia (trak-e-lo-dinl-ah) [G. trachelos, neck, + odyne, pain.] Pain in the neck. trachelokyphosis (trak-e-lo-ki-fo'sis) [G. trachelos, neck, + kyphosis, humpback.] Pott's disease, with its angular deformity, of the cervical spine. trachelology (trak-e-lol'o-ji) [G. trachelos, neck, + -logia.] The study of the neck and its injuries and diseases. trachelomastoid (trak-e-lo-mas'toyd). Noting a muscle of the neck, musculus* longissimus capitis [BNA]. trachelomyitis (trak-e-lo-mi-i'(e')tis) [G trachelos, neck, + mys, muscle, + -itis.'] Inflammation of the muscles of the neck. trachelooccipitalis (trak-e-lo-ok-sip-I-ta'lis). Noting a muscle of the neck, complexus, musculus* semispinalis capitis [BNA]. trachelopanus (trak"e-lo-pa'nus) [G. trachelos, neck, + L. panus, tumor, swelling.] ± . Swelling of the lymphatic vessels of the neck. :«. Lymphatic engorgement of the cervix uteri. trachelopexia (trak-e-lo-pek'sl-ah). An operation for fixation of the cervix uteri. trachelopexy (trak'e-lo-pek-sl). Trachelopexia. trachelophyma (trak-e-lo-fi'mah) [G. trachelos, neck, + phyma, tumor.] A tumor or swelling of the neck. tracheloplasty (trak'e-lo-plas-tl) [G. trachelos, neck, + plastos, formed.] Surgical repair of lacerations or other defects of the cervix uteri. trachelorrhaphy (trak-e-lor'Jt-fl) [G. trachelos, neck, + rhaphe, suture.] Repair by suture of a lacera- tion of the cervix uteri. trachelorrhectes (trak-e-16-rek'tez) [G. trachelos, neck, -1- rhektes, a breaker.] An instrument used in embryotomy to crush the cervical vertebrae. tracheloschisis (trak-e-los'kl-sis) [G. trachelos, neck, + schisis, fissure.] A congenital opening in the neck, due to persistence of one or more of the branchial fissures. trachelotomy (tra-ke-lot'6-ml) [G. trachelos, neck, + tome, incision.] i. Incision into the cervix uteri. 2. Trachelectomy. tracheoaerocele (tra-ke-o-a'e-ro-sel) [G. tracheia, windpipe, + aer, air, + kele, hernia.] An air-cyst in the neck caused by distention of a tracheo- cele. tracheobronchial (tra"ke-o-brong'kJ-al). Relating to both trachea and bronchi. tracheobronchitis (tra-ke-o-brong-ki'(ke')tis). In- fiammation of the mucous membrane of both trachea and bronchi. Bronchitis with extension of the inflammation^to the trachea. tracheobronchoscopy (tra"ke-o-brong-kos'ko-pI) [G. tracheia, trachea, + bronchos, bronchus, -I- skopeo, I view.] Inspection of the interior of the trachea and bronchi. tracheocele (tra'ke-o-sel) [G. tracheia, windpipe, -I- kele, hernia.] Aerocele, a protrusion of the mucous membrane through a defect in the wall of the trachea. tracheochromatic erythroblasts (trS-ke-o-kro-mat'ik er'I-thro-blasts) [G. trachys, rough, + chromatikos, relating to color; erythros, red, + blastos, germ.] Normoblasts. tracheoesophageal (tra"ke-o-e-s6-faj'e-al.) Relating to the trachea and the esophagus, noting some sparse muscular fibers passing between the two structures. tracheolaryngeal (tra-ke-o-lar-in'je-al). Relating to the trachea and the larynx. tracheolaryngotomy (tra - ke - o - lar - in - got'6 - n^). Laryngotracheotomy, cricotomy, cricothyreot- omy. tracheopharyngeal (tra-ke-o-far-in'je-al). Relating to both trachea and phar3Tix, noting an occasional band of muscular fibers passing from the inferior constrictor of the pharynx to the trachea. tracheophonesis (tra"ke-o-fo-ne'sis) [G. tracheia, trachea, + phonesis, a sounding.] Auscultation of the heart sounds at the sternal notch. tracheophony (tra-ke-of'o-nl) [G. tracheia, wind- pipe, + phone, voice.] Bronchophony, the ^ hollow voice sound heard in ausciiltating over the trachea. tracheophyma (tra"ke-o-fi'mah) [G. tracheia, wind- pipe, -I- phyma, tumor.] Bronchocele, goiter. tracheoplasty (tra'ke-o-plas-tI)[G. tracheia, wind- pipe, + plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the trachea. tracheopyosis (tra-ke-o-pi-o'sis) [G. tracheia, wind- pipe, + pyon, pus, -I- -osis.'] Suppurative inflammation of the trachea. tracheorrhagia (tra-ke-S-ra'jl-ah) [G. tracheia, wind- pipe, + -rhagia.] Hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the trachea. tracheoschisia (tra-ke-os'kl-sis) [G. tracheia, wind-' pipe, + schisis, fissure.] A fissure into the trachea, tTacheoscopic (tra-ke-o-skop'ik). Relating to tracheoscopy. tracheoscopy (tra-ke-osTco-pI) [G. tracheia, wind- pipe, -I- skopeo, I examine.] Inspection of the interior of the trachea. tracheostenosis (tra-ke-o-sten»o'sis) [G. tracheia, trachea, + stenosis, constriction.] Narrowing of the lumen of the trachea. TRACHEOTOME I03S TRACTUS tracheotome (tra'ke-o-tome). A knife used in the operation of tracheotomy. tiacheotomize (tra-ke-ot'o-mlz). To perform tracheotomy upon. tracheotomy (tra-ke-ot'o-ml) [G. iracheia, windpipe, + tome, incision.] The operation of opening into the trachea, infe'rior t., t. performed below the isthmus of the thyroid gland, supe'rior t., t. per- formed above the isthmus of the thyroid gland. trachitis (tra-ki'(ke')tis). Tracheitis. trachoma (trS-ko'mah) [G. trachys, rough, harsh.] Contagious granular conjunctivitis, granular lids; a chronic contagious inflammation, with hypertrophy, of the conjunctiva, marked by the formation of minute grayish or yellowish trans- lucent granules of adenoid tissue, brawny t., a condition in which there is a general lymphoid infiltration of the conjunctiva without marked granulation, diffuse' t., a form in which the granulations are of large size, approaching brawny t. f ollic'ular t., gran'ular t., the ordinary form of t. marked by the presence of granulations on the conjunctiva, pap'illary t., a form in which the granulations are acuminate and red. t. bod'y, Prowazek-Greef body, the supposed microbic cause of trachoma, t. defor'mans, t. pudendorum with cicatricial contractions of the altered mucous membrane, t. of the vocal bands, singers' nodes or nodules, vocal nodules, chorditis nodosa or tuberosa. t. pudendo'rum, t. vulvae, kraurosis vulvae. trachomatous (trS-ko'mS-tus). Relating to or suffering from trachoma. trachychromatic (trak-i-kro-mat'ik) [G. trachys, rough.] Noting a nucleus with very deeply stain- ing chromatin. trachypho'nia (tri-kl-fo'nl-ah) [G, trachys, rough, -t- phone, voice.] Roughness of voice. tract [L. tractusJ] An area of greater length than breadth, a path, a track, a way; see tractus and fasciculus, aliment'ary t., digestive t. ascend'ing t., a fasciculus of afferent white fibers in the spinal cord, the course of progressive degenera- tion in which proceeds from below upward. assbcia'tion t., a bundle of nerve-fibers connecting neighboring or distant parts of the same hemi- sphere of the brain. Bur'dach's t., fasciculus cuneatus [BNA]. cerebellospi'nal t., vestibulo- spinal t., Marchi's t., Loewenthal's t. comma t., a bundle of descending fibers from the dorsal root cells of the spinal cord on the inner border of the dorsolateral fasciculus, crossed pyram'i- dal t., fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis [BNA]. diges'tive t., the passage leading from the mouth to the anus through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, descend'ing t., motor t., vestibulospinal t., a bundle of efferent fibers in the spinal cord, direct' pyram'idal t., fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior [BNA]. Flech'sig's direct' cerebel'lar t., fasciculus cerebellospinalis [BNA]. GoU's t., fasciculus gracilis [BNA]. Gowers' t., fasciculus anterolateralis superficialis [BNA]. haben'ular t., a bundle of white fibers passing from the habenula to the red nucleus. Hel'weg's t. olivospinal t. intermediolat'eral t., fasciculus intermedius, the rubrospinal, cerebellospinal, lateral vestibulospinal, and olivospinal tracts of the spinal cord. Lis'sauer's t., Spitzka's* mar- ginal bundle. Loe'wenthal's t., vestibulospinal t., Mar'chi's t., vestibulospinal t. Mona'kow's t.- rubrospinal t. motor t., descending t., vestibulo. spinal t. olfac'tory t., tractus* olfactorius oli"vospi'nal t., a crossed t. arising in the olivary body and terminating in relation with the motor cells of the anterior horn, optic t., tractus* opticus, prepyram'idal t., rubrospinal t. res- pi'ratoiy t., the air passages from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli, through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, rubrospi'nal t., a bundle of fibers running from the red nucleus, through the lateral column of the spinal cord as far as the sacral portion, ending in the anterior horns. sen'sory t., ascending t., a bundle of afferent fibers in the spinal cord, spino-ol'ivary t., Helweg's bundle, a triangular tract in the anterior portion of the anterolateral column of the spinal cord. Spitzka's t., see Spitzka. sulcomaT'ginal t., tectospinal t. Syl'vian t., the area of the cerebrum in the neighborhood of the fissure of Sylvius, tectospi'nal t., tractus tectospinalis. temporofron'tal t., tractus temporofrontalis. temporocen'tral t., tractus temporocentralis. temporocerebell'ar t., tractus temporocerebellaris. temporopon'tile t., Tuerck's bundle, tractus* temporopontilis. u'rinary t., the passage from the pelvis of the kidney to the meatus urinarius, through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. u'veal t., the iris, ciliary body, and choroid coat of the eye. vestib"ulospi'nal t., a bundle of motor fibers running from Deiters' nucleus through the lateral colilmn of the spinal cord, anterior to the rubrospinal t., ending in the anterior horns of the lumbar cord. tractell'um, pi. tractell'a [L. dim. of tractus.'] An anterior locomotor flagellum of a protozoan. traction (trak'shun) [L. tractus; trahere, to draw.] Drawing, pulling; attraction; contraction, t. an'eurysm, an aneurysm of the aorta caused by the pull of the ductus arteriosus, or duct of Botal. t. divertic'ulum, a diverticulum of the esophagus caused by the pull of contracting adhesions. trac'tor [L. a drawer; trahere, to draw.] An instru- ment for making traction, metall'ic t., see under Perkins. tractora'tion. The system of treatment by metallic tractors; see Perkins. trac'tus, gen. and pi. tractus [L. a region or territory, from trahere, to draw.] A tract ; for the various tracts see below, and also tract and fasciculus. t. iliotibia'lis [BNA], iliotibial band, Maissiat's band, a, fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata on the outer surface of the thigh, extending from the crest of the ilium to the external tuber- osity of the tibia, t. olfacto'rius [BNA], olfac- tory tract, a narrow whitish band lying in the olfactory sulcus on the under surface of the frontal lobe of the brain, terminating anteriorly in the olfactory bulb and posteriorly in the olfactory trigone, t. op'ticus [BNA], optic tract, a flattened white band extending forward fin either side from the geniculate bodies and pulvinar of the thalamus to the optic chiasm. t. quintofronta'lis, the ventral path of trigeminal obers passing from the sensory trigeminal nu- cleus to the area parolfactoria. t. solita'rius [BNA], solitary tract, respiratory bundle, a small isolated tract, anterior and external to the nucleus of the ala cinerea, composed of the afferent fibers of the vagus and glossopharyn- geal nerves, t. spina'lis ner'vi trigem'ini [BNA], spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, ascending root of the trigeminal nerve, a bundle of fibers of the sth nerve running down from the sensory nucleus on the outer side of the gray column formed by the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi, into which the fibers gradually enter. t. spira'lis foramino'sus [BNA], openings in the cochlear area of the internal auditory meatus. TRACTUS 1036 TRANSFUSIO> transmitting the nerves for the basal and cen- tral coils of the cochlea, t. spira'lis foraminulo'- sus, macula* cribrosa quarta. t. tectospina'lis, sulcomarginal tract, a thin bundle o£ white fibers arising in the quadrigeminal bodies on one side, decussating, and passing down through the oblongata into the spinal cord, the exact distribution of the fibers not being known, t. tem''poroceiitra'lis, an association tractof white fibers passing between the temporal lobe of the brain and the cerebral convolutions, t. tem'porocerebella'ris, an association tract of white fibers passing from the cortex of the temporal lobe backward toward the cerebellum, t. teni"porofronta'lis, an association tract of white fibers passing from the cortex of the temporal to that of the frontal lobe of the brain. t. temporoponti'lis, Tuerck's bundle, a collection of white fibers running from the cortex of the temporal lobe to the cells of the nuclei pontis through the outer fifth of the crusta. t. thala- mocortica'lis, thalamocortical tract, thalamic radiation, pedunculus* thalami. trag'acanth, tragacan'tha [G. tragos, goat, + akan- thos, thorn.] (U.S., Br.) A gummy exudation from Astragalus guynmifer and other species of the subgenus Tragacantha, shrubs of the eastern end of the Mediterranean It occurs as bands or strings of a tough gummy substance, forming a jelly-like mucUage with 50 parts of water. It is employed in pharmacy and occasionally as a demulcent. tra'gal. Relating to the tragus. tra'gallsm [G. tragos, a goat.] Sensuality. tra'gi [pi. of tragus.'] [BNA] The hairs growingat the entrance to the external auditory meatus. Tra'gia [after the Latinized name ' of Hieronymus Bock [L. Tragus], German botanist, 1498-1554.] A genus of tropical and subtropical plants of the order Euphorhiacecs; some of the species have been employed in domestic medicine as diapho- retics. tra'gicus. See under musculus. tragomaschalia (trS-go-mas-kal'I-ah) [G. tragos, goat, -I- maschale, the axilla.] Bromidrosis of the axillae. tragopho'nia, tragoph'ony [G. tragos, goat, H- phone, voice.] A sort of bleating vocal resonance heard at the level of the fluid in hydrothorax; egophony. tragopo'dia [G. tragos, goat, + pous(pod-), foot.] Knock-knee. tra'gus [G. tragos, goat, in allusion to the hairs growing on the part, like a goatee.] 1. A tongue- like projection of the cartilage of the auricle in front of the opening of the external auditory meatus and continuous with the cartilage of this canal. 2. [BNA] One of the hairs growing at the entrance to the external auditory meatus. train [Fr. trainer; L. trahere, to draw.] i. To fit by education and practice for some definite pur- pose. 2. To increase the virulence of bacteria by successive inoculations in animals. trained nurse. A sick-nurse who has received scientific and practical instruction in a training school to fit her, or him, for the care of the sick. training (tran'ing). 1. A system of diet and exercise designed to increase muscular strength and endurance in order to fit one for an athletic contest. 2. A system of practical education designed to fit one for a special calling or profes- sion, t. school, fcL school for nurses, attached to a hospital, where didactic and practical instruc- tion is given in the care of the sick. trait (trat or tra) [Fr. ; L. iracius, a drawing.] I distinguishing characteristic. trajec'tor [L. trajecius; irajicere, to throw over o across.] An instrument for locating the coursi of a bullet in a wound. tra'ma [L. woof.] The hyphal tissue within thi lamellae of a mushroom. trance [L. transire, to pass over.] i. Hypnotism 2. Catalepsy. 3. Ecstasy, death t., a conditioi of profound insensibility simulating death induced t., hypnotic or somnambulistic t. som- nambulis'tic t., a state of somnambulism, paraly sis, anesthesia, or catalepsy induced by suggestioi in major hypnotism. trance-co'ma. The deep sleep following majo: hypnotism. trans- [L. trans, across, beyond, through.] A prefi: denoting through, beyond, across. transanimation (tran2-an-i-ma'shun) [L. trans across, through, -}- anima, breath, life.] ResuS' citation of a stillborn infant. transaudient (tranz-aw'di-ent) [L. trans, through -t- audire, to hear.] Permeable to sound waves. transca'lent [L. trans, through, -I- calere, to b( warm.] Permeable to radiant heat rays, dia thermanous. transcon'dylar. Across or through the condyles noting the line of bone incision in Garden's^ amputation. transcor^tical. ±, Across or through the cortex o: the brain, ovary, kidney, or other organ. 2 From one part of the cerebral cortex to another noting the various association tracts. trans'fer, treinsfer'ence [L. trans, across, -I- ferre, tc carry.] i. The shifting of symptoms from on« side of the body to the other, as seen in certair forms of hysteria. 2. The displacement of thf affect from one person or one idea to another. transfix' [L. trans, through, -f- fixus; figere, tc fasten.] To pierce with a sharp instrument. transfix'ion. A maneuver in a method of amputa- tion in which the knife is passed from side tc side through the soft parts, close to the bone and the muscles are then divided from tfithir outward. trans'forate [L. trans, through, + forare, to pierce. To perforate ; specifically to bore through the basf of the fetal skull as the first step in craniotomy. transfora'tion. Perforation of the base of the feta skull in craniotomy. trans'forator. An instrument for use in trans- foration. transfonna'tion [L. trans, across, 4- formare, tc shape.] 1. Metamorphosis, change of form anc shape. 2. A change of one tissue into another as cartilage into bone. 3. Degeneration. transfuse'. To perform transfusion. transfusion (tranz-fu'zhun) [L. trans, across, 4 fusus;fundere, to ^o\iT.] j. The transfer of blooc from one person to another. 2. The injection intc a vein of physiological saline solution or, formerly of other fluids such as milk, arte'rial t., the pas sage of blood into an artery of the receptor or fron an arterv of the donor, direct' t., immediate t. the transfei of blood from a vessel of one persoi (the donor) to one of another person (the receptor) either through a tube connecting the two vessel or by suturing the vessels together. imme'diat( t., direct t. indirect' t., mediate t., the donor i: bled into a, warmed vessel, the blood is defi brinated, and is then injected into a vein of th< receptor, me'diate t., indirect t. peritone'al t. the injection of saline solution or other fluid inti iANSFUSION 1037 TRANSVERSALIS ;he peritoneal cavity whence it is absorbed into ;he circtdation. recip'rocal t., an attempt to confer immunity by transfusing blood taken irom a donor just recovered from an infectious iisease into a receptor suffering from the same iffection, the balance being maintained by trans- iusing an equal amount from the sick to the well person, subcuta'neous t., the infusion of saline solution or other fluid beneath the skin, whence it istaken into the circulation, venous t., direct t. from a vein of the donor into a vein of the receptor. nsil'iac. Extending from one ilium or iliac ;rest or spine to the other. nsil'ient [L. irans, across, + salire, to leap.] Jumping across, passing over noting those cortical association fibers in the brain which pass from one convolution to another non-adjacent Dne. Asillumina'tion [L. trans, through, + illuminare, to light up.] Causing a light to shine through a aormally translucent part, the presence of fluid Dr of a degenerative lesion being indicated by varying degrees of opacity. usin'sular [L. trans, across, + insula, island.] A-cross the insvJa or island of ReU. jisischiac (tranz-is'kl-ak). Extending from one ischium to the other. usisth'mian. Across any isthmus; specifically icross the isthmus of the gyrus fomicatus, noting the gyrus transitivus. nsition (tranz-ish'un) [L. transitio; transire, to pass over.] Change, passage from one condition Dr one part to another, t. douche, a douche of alternately hot and cold water, t. tumor, a benign tumor which upon recurrence after removal be- gins to assume malignant characteristics. nsitional (tranz-ish'un-al) . Relating to or markf d by a transition, transitory, t. convolu'tion, jyrus transitivus. t. epithe'Uum, epithelium composed of layers of cells of different kinds, 3ach layer being renewed, as the surface layer is scraped away, by the transformation of the cells in the layer below, t. zone, the region of the crystalline lens where the anterior epithelial ;apsule-'cells become transformed into the fibers composing the lens substance. nsla'tion [L. iranslatus; transferre, to carry across.] Metastasis ; transference. nslu'cent [L. irans, through, + lucere, to shine.] Permitting the passage of light, but not trans- parent. nsmigra'tion [L. trans, through, + migrare, to remove elsewhere.] The passage of blood-cells through the walls of the vessels; diapedesis. j'vular t., the passage of an ovum from one ovary into the Fallopian tube of the other side; it is external, or direct, when it passes across the pelvic cavity, internal, or indirect, when it crosses the iterine cavity and so enters the tube of the opposite side. nsmission (trans-mish'un) [L. trans, across, + missio; mittere, to send.] i. Transfer. 2. The conveyance of an infectious disease from one person to another. 3. Heredity, duplex t., the passage of impulses in both directions through a, lerve-trunk. nsmuta'tion [L. trans, over, -I- mutare, to change.] A. change, transformation. nsnor'mal [L. trans, beyond.] More than normal, supernormal. Dsoc'ular [L. trans, across, + oculus, eye.] A-cross the eye. transpai'ent [L. trans, through, -I- parere, to appear.] Noting a substance so permeable to light rays that objects may be seen through it. transperitoneal (tranz-per-I-ton-e'al). Through the peritoneum, noting, for example, a nephrotomy performed by abdominal section. transpina'lis. Any one of the muscular bands passing from one transverse process to another of the vertebrae. transpi'rable. That can transpire or be transpired. transpira'tion. The passage of watery vapor through the skin or any membrane; perspiration, especially insensible perspiration, pul'monary t., the passage of watery vapor from the blood into the air in the pulmonary alveoli. transpire' [L. irans, through, -t- spirare, to breathe.] To exhale vapor from the skin or respiratory mucous membrane. transplan'tar. Across the sole of the foot, noting certain muscular fibers or ligamentous structures. transplant' [L. irans, across, + plantare, to plant.] To transfer from one part to another, as in plastic operations or grafting. transplanta'tion. Grafting, implanting in one part a tissue or organ taken from another part or from another person. transpleu'ral. Through the pleura or across the pleural cavity; on the other side of the pleura. transport' [L. irans, across, + portare, to carry.] To transfer, to transplant. trans'port. Ecstasy. transpose' [L. trans, across, + ponere, to place.] To transfer one tissue or organ to the place of another and vice versa. _ transposition (tranz-po-zish'un). i. Removal from. one place to another, transference, metathesis, 2. The state of being transposed or of being on the wrong side of the body; as in t. of the viscera, in which the viscera are on the side of the body opposite to that on which they are normally found, the liver being on the left, the heart on the light, etc. transsec'tion. Transection. transsection (trans-sek'shun) [L. trans, across, -|- seciio; secare, to cut.] A cross-section. transsegmen'tal. Across any segment. transsep'tal. Across or through a septum; on the other side of a septum. transtem'poral. Passing across the temporal lobe of the brain, noting an anomalous fissure. transthalam'ic. Passing across the thalamus. transther'mia [L. trans, through, + G. therme, heat.] Diathermia. transthoracic (tranz-tho-ras'ik). Passing through the thoracic cavity, transpleural. transubstantia'tion [L. trans, over, + substantia, substance.] The substitution of one tissue for another, as in the experimental patching of an artery with peritoneal membrane. trans'udate [L. trans, through, + sudare, to sweat.] An exudate. transudation (tran-su-da'shun) . The 'passage of a fluid through a membrane; diapedesis. It differs from osmosis in that the fluid passes with nearly all the salts and other substances held in solution or suspension, and from exuda- tion in that all the solids do not pass to the same extent. transude (trans- iid') . To pass through a. membrane; see transudation. transvaginal (tranz-vaj'in-al). Across or through the vagina. transversa'lis [L.] Transverse; see under musculus and fascia. TRANSVERSE 1038 TREATMENT transverse (tranz-vurs') [L. iransversus.] Crosswise, lying across the long axis of the body or of a part. t. fora'men, foramen transversarium [BNA]. transversec'tomy [G. ektome, excision.] Exsection of the transverse process of a vertebra. tTansver"soana'lis. Musculus transversus perinei. transversocos'tal. Costotransverse. transversospina'lis. The semispinalis capitis, semi- spinals cervicis, and semispinalis dorsi muscles regarded as one. transversourethralis (trans- ver - so - u - re - thra'lis) The transverse fibers of the musculus sphincter urethrse membranacece, arising from the arch of the pubes. transver"sover'tical index. Vertical index.* transver'sus [L. transverse.] See under musculus. transvestite (trans-vest'it) [L. trans, across, over, -1- vesHtus, clothed.] A person who delights in masquerading in the clothing of the opposite sex. trap [A.S. trcsppe, a snare.] In plumbing, a. pipe with double curve in which water remains at a desired level, sealing the pipe and preventing the passage of gases, trape'zial. Relating to any trapezium, t. ni'dus, nucleus olivaris superior. trapez'iform [L. forma, form.] Resembling a trapezium, trapezoid. trape"zionietacar'pal. Relating to the trapezium (os multangulum majus [BNA]) and the meta- carpus. trape'zium [G. trapesion, a table or counter.] 1 . A four-sided geometrical figure having no two sides parallel. 2. Os multangulum majus [BNA]. 3. A transverse band of fibers passing across the lower extremity of the pons Varolii, between the median raphe and the accessory auditory nucleus. trape'zius. Cucullaris, cowl-muscle, shawl-muscle, musculus* trapezius. trap'ezoid [G. trapezion, a table or counter, -t- eidos, appearance.] i. Trapeziform, resembling a trapezium. 2. A geometrical figure resembling a trapezium except that two of its opposite sides ^re parallel. 3. Os multangulum minus [BNA], t. body, (i) arbor vit^ of the cerebellum; (2) trapezium (3). t. lig'ament, ligamentum trape- zoideum. t. line, a rough line on the clavicle giving attachment to the t. ligament. Trapp-Hae'ser for'mula [Julius Trapp, Russian pharmaceutist, 1815-1908; see Haeser.] A formula for an approximate estimation of the solids of the urine from the specific gravity; one multiplies the last two digits of the sp. gr. i>y 2.33 which gives the amount of solids in 1000 parts of urine; if the sp. gr.^is 1.015, for example, 15 X2.33 = 34.95 grams in 1000 c.c. of urine. trash. Trade name for the wrapping of poppy leaves in which Bengal opium is packed. Traube's bruit (trow'beh) [Ludwig Traube, Ger- man physician, 1818-1876,] Bruit de galop, cantering rhythm.* T.'s cor'puscleg, phantom corpuscles. T.'s double tone, a double sound (diastolic and systolic) heard on auscultation over the femoral or other large artery in aortic insuiSciency. T.'s dyspne'a, inspiratory dyspnea with maximum expansion of the chest and a slow respiratory rhythm. T.'s plugs, Dittrich's* plugs. T.'s mur'mur, T.'s bruit, cantering rhythm.* T.'s pres'sure curves, Traube-Her- ing curves. T.'s space, a semilunar space about 3i inches wide, bounded internally by the left border of the sternum, above by an oblique line from, the sixth costal cartilage to the lower border of the eighth or ninth rib, and below by the costal margin; the percussion note here is normally tympanitic, because of the underlying stomach, but is modified by pulmonary emphysema or a pleural effusion. Traube-Hering curves (trow'beh-ha'ring) [Ludwig Traube; Ewald Bering.] Rhythmical variations in blood-pressure, running parallel with the res- piratory movements, caused by rise and fall of irritability of the respiratory center. trauma, pi. irau'maia (traw'mah) [G.] A wound or injury: traumatism, psy'chic t., an experience of a painful emotional character. traumasthenia (traw-mas-the'ni-ah) [G. trauma, a wound, -I- astheneia, weakness.] Nervous ex- haustion following an injury; railway-spine; traumatic neurasthenia. traumatic (traw-mat'ik) . i. Relating to or caused by a wound or injtiry. 2. Causing the healing of wounds, vulnerary. 3. A remedy which pro- motes healing, a vulnerary, t. balsam, balsa- mum traumaticum. t. fever, an elevation of temperature following the receipt of an injury, without signs of infection, t. neurasthe'nia, see neurasthenia. traumat'icin. Trade name of a solution of gutta percha in chloroform; when applied to a surface the chloroform evaporates, leaving a film of gutta percha. traumatism (traw'mS-tizm). x. An injury, z. A wound produced by an injury, trauma. traumatize (traw'm3.-tize)[G.^;-aMmo(J2!6, to wound.] To injure or wound. trau'matol. Trade name of an antiseptic compound of iodine and cresol ; employed as a substitute for iodoform. traumatology [G. trauma, a wound, -{- -logia."] The branch of surgery dealing with wounds ; accident surgery. traumatopathy (traw-m^-top'S-thi) [G. trauma, wound, -I- pathos, suffering.] Any pathological condition resulting from violence or wounds. traumatopnea, traumatopnoea (traw-mS-top-ne'ah) [G. trauma(traumat-) , wound, -f pnoie, breath.] The passage of air in and out through a wound of the chest wall. traumatopyra (traw-m^-top'i-rah) [G. trauma(trau- mat-), wound, + pyr, fire.] Traumatic* fever. traumatosepsis (traw-mS-to-sep'sis). Infection of a wound; septicemia following a wound. traumato'sis. Traumatism. trav'el-sickness. Carsickness. treacle (tre'kl) [L. theriaca; G. theriake.] i. Theri- aca. 2. Molasses. Venice t., theriaca andromachi. tread (tred) [A.S. tredan, to tread.] i. A wound of the coronet of a horse's hoof caused by striking with the shoe of the opposite foot of either the same or the other pair of legs. 2. The cicatricula of an egg. treat (tret) [Pr. traiter; L. iractare, to handle.] To attack a disease by medicinal, surgical, dietary, or other measures ; to care for a patient medically or surgically. treat'ment. Therapeutics, therapy; the medical or surgical care of a patient; the institution of measures or the giving of remedies designed to cure a disease, active t., energetic t. directly applied to the disease, causal t., t. directed to the removal of the continuously active cause of a disease, conser'vative t., abstention from the giving of remedies or from operative procedures until clear indications present themselves; treat- ment of an injured part by means directed to the preservation of the part and the prevention of surgical mutilation, cu'rative t., active t., t. TREATMENT 1039 TREMOR aiming at a cure of existing disease; distinguished from palliative and prophylactic t. drug t., medicinal t. empir'ical t., the employment of remedies or measures which experience has shown to be of benefit in the disease in question, but for the success of which no scientific explanation can be given, expec'tant t., management of disease by treatment of the symptoms as they arise, as distinguished from treatment directed to the specific cause, hygien'ic t., t. by fresh air, clean- liness, and other non-medicinal measures. med'ical t., t. of internal or other diseases by hygienic and medicinal remedies, as distinguished from surgical t. medic'inal t., drug t., the employment of drugs in the attack on disease. moral t., psychotherapy, pall'iative t., t. directed toward an alleviation of the symptoms without expectation of a cure of the disease, preven'tive t., prophylac'tic t., the institution of measures designed to protect a person from an attack of a. disease to which he has been, or is liable to be, exposed, ra'tional t., t. based upon a knowledge of the nature of the disease and of the action of the remedies employed to combat it; distin- guished from empirical t. specific t., t. directed to the removal of the intrinsic cause of a disease. suppoTt'ing t., t. directed toward maintaining the strength of the patient until the disease, self- limited in character, shall have spent its force. Bur'gical t., treatment by any manual or cutting operation, symptomat'ic t., expectant t. ter- rain' t., see terTain*-cure. by means of air, aerotherapy, aerotherapeutics, pneu- matotherapy, pneumotherapy. animal extracts, opo- therapy, organotherapy, antitoxic and other sera, serotherapy, orrhotherapy. arsenic, arsenotherapy. bacteria, bacteriotherapy; opsonotherapy, based on experience, empiricism, ba&s, balneotherapy; thal- assotherapy (sea-baths); Brand method (in fevers). blood, nematotherapy, hemotherapy. chemicals, chemotherapy, climate, climatotherapy. cold, cry- motherapy, psychrotherapy. colored light, chromo- therapy. crude drugs, galenical therai>y. diet, diete- tics, dietotherapy. disease-products, isotherapy, iso- pathy. dishonest, charlatanism, quackery, drugs, medication, pharmacotherapy, electricity, electrother- apy, galvanotherapy, galvanization, faradization, franklinization, darsonvalization. expectant, phys- iatrics, physiotherapy, fasting, limotherapy, nes- tiatria, nestitherapy, hunger-cure, pinotherapy. flagel- lation, mastigotherapy. forest, dasetherapy. friction, anatripsis. grapes, botryotherapy, grape-cure, heat, thermotherapy. hill-climbing, terrain-cure, hypno- sis, hypnotherapy, imitating nature, hippocratism, physiotherapy, increasing doses, anatherapeusis. inducing another disease, allopathy, heteropathy, inhalation, anemotherapy, anemopathy, atmiatrics. atmotherapy. inunction, alephotherapy, aloephother- apy. light, phototherapy, Pinsen-light therapy, helio- therapy, manipulation, osteopathy, massage, mas- sotherapy. mercury, hydrargyrosis, mercurialization. milk, galactotherapy; orrhotherapy (whey)._ moun- tain climates, orinotherapy. movement, kinesither- apy, cinesitherapy, kinesiatrics, kinesipathy. mud- baths, illutation, fangotherapy, pelotherapy, pelop- athy, liman-cure. multiple small doses, dosimetna, dosimetrics, music, musicotherapy; rhythmotherajjy. ocean climate, thalassotherapy, opposites, enantio- therapy, enantiopathy. preventive, prophylaxis, im- munotherapy, vaccination, rays, radiotherapy, actino- therapy; roentgotherapy (;c-rays); phototherapy (light rays), phacotherapy (sun's rays concentrated by a iens). revulsion, antilepsis, counterirritation. sand-bath, psammotherapy. sea-baths, thalassother- apy, similar, homeopathy, single dose, therapia magna sterilisans.^ suggestion, hypnotherapy, psy- chotherapy, pithiatism. suclig^ht, heliotherapy, sweat- ing, sudation, hidrotherapy, hidrosudotherapy. vapor, atmotherapy, atmiatrics. vibrations, vibratory mas- sage, rhythmotherapy. water, hydrotherapy, hydri- atrics; hydropathy, Kneipp cure (unscientific), whey, orrhotherapy, orotherapy, whey-cure, wrong, mal- practice, malpraxis, of children, pediatrics, deformities, orthopedics, ortho- pedia, orthopraxis. dental diseases, odontotherapy. diseases of women, gyniatrics. dislocations, diaplasis. ear diseases, ototherapy. eye diseases, ophthalmo- therapy. fevers, pyretotherapy. fractures, agmato- therapy. heart diseases, cardiotherapy. intestinal disorders, enterotherapy. kidney diseases, nephro- therapy. liver troubles, hepatotherapy. lung diseases, pneumonotherapy. mental disorders, psychiatrics, psychotherapy, nasal diseases, rhinotherapy. nervous diseases, neurotherapy, neurotherapeutics. old age, geriatrics, skin diseases, dermatotherapy. stomach diseases, gastrotherapy. syphilis, syphilotherapy. tuberculosis, phthisiotherapy, tuberculotherapy. tre'foil. Clover, t. tendon, cordiform tendon, centrum tendineum diaphragmatis [BNA]. trefu'sia. Trade name of a preparation of albumi- nate of iron made from blood. trehala (tre-hah'lah). A saccharine substance resembling manna, excreted by an insect, Larinus maculatus, of Turkey in Asia and Persia. trehalose (tre'hah-l5s). A sugar, CijHjjOu, con- tained in trehala. Treitz's arch [Wenzel Treitz, Austrian physician, 1819— 1872.] A vascular arch formed by the left superior colic artery and the inferior mesenteric vein, between the left border of the ascending portion of the duodenum and the inner border of the left kidney. T.'s fossa, recessus duodenoje- junalis, a depression in the peritoneum to the left of the duodenojejunal flexure. T.'s her'nia, retroperitoneal hernia. T.'s lig'ament, T.'s muscle. T.'s muscle, musculus suspensorius duodeni. Traat's sign (tra-lS') [Ulysse Trilat, Parisian surgeon, 1828-1890.] 'The presence of dissemi- nated yellowish spots in the neighborhood of tuberculous ulcers of the mouth; they are minute tubercles or miliary abscesses. T.'s spec'ulum, a bivalve rectal speculum. T.'s stools, glairy stools streaked with blood in proctitis. tre'ma [G. a hole.] i. Foramen. 2. The vulva. Tremato'da, Tremato'des [G. trematodSs, full of holes.] An order of Platyhelmintha, containing a large number of para- sitic worms, the trema- toids or flukes. trem'atode, trem'atoid. i. A parasitic worm of the order Trematoda, a fluke. 2. Relating to a fluke, or trematoid worm. See Distoma, Fasciola, and ■fluke. trembles (trem'blz) [L. tremulus; tremere, to tremble.] i. Milk sick- ness in cattle; slows; alkali poisoning. .1. Paralysis agitans. trem'bling [L. tremulus; tremere^ Shaking, quaking. 2. A tremor, sis agitans. trem'elloid, trem'ellose. Jelly-like. tre'mens [L. tremere, to tremble.] i. Trembling, quaking. 2. Delirium* tremens. trem'ogram. The graphic representation of a tremor taken by means of the tremograph or kymograph. trem'ograph [L. tremor + G. grapho, I record.] An apparatus for making a graphic record of a tremor. tremopho'bia [G. tremo, I tremble, + phobos, fear.] An abnormal fear of trembling. trem'or [L. a shaking.] Trembling, shaking; a .disorder of the muscular tonus or loss of equilib- rium, the normal inappreciable tonic contrac- tions being exaggerated, arsen'ical t., one due to chronic poisoning by arsenic, coarse t., one in which the vibrations number not more than six Treitz's Fossa. {Landouzy andjaylg.) to tremble.] i. t. palsy, paraly- TREMOR 1040 TREVES' FOLD or seven per second, contin'uous t., persistent t. fl'brillary t., myokymia, a twitching of the fine strands or fasciculi of a muscle, fine t., one in which there are ten or twelve vibrations per second, inten'tion t., a t. which occurs when a voluntary movement is made, mercu'rial t., one due to chronic poisoning by mercury, metall'ic t., one due to poisoning by lead, zinc, or other metal, passive t., one which occurs when the subject is at rest, and diminishes or ceases during voluntary movement, persis'tent t., a t. which is constant, whether the subject is at rest or moving, purring t., purring* fremitus, sat'- umlne t., a t. due to chronic lead poisoning- senile t., a t., usually an intention t., but some. times a persistent t., occurring in the aged. stat'ic t., a t. excited when the person makes an effort to hold a limb in a certain position, t. ar'tuum, trembling of the extremities, especially of the hands, t. cordis, palpitation of the heart. t. opiophago'rum, a t. occurring in opium addicts. t. potato'rum, a t. occurring in the subjects of chronic alcoholism, t. ten'dinum, subsultus tendinum. voli'tional t., one which can be arrested by a strong effort of the will. trem'ulor. An instrument for giving vibratory massage. trem'ulous. Trembling, shaking. trench diseas'es. Various diseases observed in soldiers on trench duty in the World War, which are assumed to be caused by the exposure and other special conditions of trench life. t. back, painful rigidity of the back affecting soldiers on trench duty, who are compelled to remain for long periods of time in a constrained position, at the same time exposed to wet and cold. t. f e'ver, a fever, probably specific, affecting soldiers in the trenches; it is remittent or relapsing in type, transmissible by injection of whole blood but not of serum alone, and spread by lice; it was at one time supposed to be malarial or to be the same as ratbite fever, t. foot, a con- dition of frost-bite affecting the feet of soldiers on trench duty, obliged to stand for long periods of time in cold water, t. nephri'tis, war nephritis, acute nephritis occurring in soldiers on trench duty, due to exposure, t. shin, a disease marked by fever, headache, and dull aching pain in the tibiae and tibiales antici mus- cles; there is present also a polymorphonuclear leucocytosis; an affection observed chiefly in soldiers serving in the trenches; it is believed to be an infectious fibrositis affecting chiefly the tibiae. Tren'delenburg's caim'ula [Friedrich Trendelenburg, German surgeon, *i844.] A cannula covered with a dilatable rubber bag which occludes the trachea, applied after tracheotomy to prevent the entrance of blood during operations on the mouth or larynx. T's. opera'tion, (1) ligation of the saphena magna for the cure of varicose veins; (2) excision of varicose veins; (3) synchondroseot- omy. T.'s posi'tion, a supine position on the operating table or the bed, inclined at an angle of 45°, so that the pelvis is higher than the head; assumed during and after operations in the pelvis. T.'s symp'tom, a waddling gait in paresis of the gluteal muscles, as in progres- sive muscular dystrophy. T.'s tampon, T.'s cannula. T.'s test, the leg is raised above the level of the heart until the veins are empty; it is then rapidly lowered and in case of vari- cosity and incompetence of the valves the veins will at once become distended. Trentham Spring, Georgia. Alkaline-saline waters Used by drinking in scrofula and syphilis. trepan' [G. irypanon, a borer.] 1. A trephine, specifically one patterned after a carpenter's bit. 2. To trephine. trepana'tlon. Trephining, the removal of a disc of bone from the skull, t. of the cor'nea, the removal of a circular bit from the cornea in the treatment of anterior corneal staphyloma. Trendelenburg's Position. trep'anize. To trepan. trepann'er. One who trepans, or trephines, trephina'tion. Trepanation. trephine (tre-fin') [Fr.] i. A modified and im- proved trepan, a cylindrical or crown saw used for the removal of a disc of bone, especially from the skull, or of other firm tissue as that of the cornea. 2. To remove a disc of bone or other tissue by means of a trephine. trephinement (tre-fin'ment) Trephination, trepa- nation. trephi'ner. One who trephines. trep'idant [L. trepidans; trepidare, to tremble, to be agitated.] Trembling, marked by tremor, t. aba'sia, paroxysmal abasia."* trepida'tio [L.] Trepidation, t. cordis, palpitation. trepida'tion. r. Trembling, tremor. 3. Anxious fear Treponema (trS-po-ne'mah) [G. trepd, I turn, + nema, thread.] A ge- nus of MasHgophora, or flagellated protozoans, the members of which have a long slender body with numerous cork-screw-like coils, and a flagellum at each extremity. T. callig'- erum, a species found in condyloma. T. , pal'lidum [L. pale], SpirochMa pallida, the pathogenic parasite of syphilis. T. perten'ue [L. very slender], SpirochcBta perienuis, the supposed patho- Trephine. genie parasite of yaws. treponemicidal (trep-o-nem-i-si'dal) [treponema + L. cadere, to kill,] Destructive to any species of Treponema, therefore antisyphilitic. treppe (trep'eh) [Ger.] Staircase. Tresil'ian's sign [Frederick James Tresilian, British physician, contemporary.] A reddish promi- nence at the orifice of Stenson's duct, noted in mumps. tre'sis [G. tresis, a boring,] Perforation. Treves' fold [Sir Frederick Treves, English surgeon, ♦1853.] A peritoneal fold attached to the left TREVES' FOLD 1041 TRIANGULARIS border of the cecum, above to the ileum, below to the appendix or mesoappendix. tri- [L. and G.] A prefix denoting three. triacetate (tri-as'e-tat). An acetate containing three acetic-acid molecules. triacetiu (tri-as^e-tin). An oily liquid, CsHj- (CjHjOj),, derived from various oils. triacid (tri-as'id) [L. tri-, three, + acidus, acid.] Notmg a base having three replaceable hydroxyl groups. tii'acol. Trade name of a preparation of ethyl- morphine-guaiacol, with alkalies, recommended in tuberculosis. tri'ad [G. trias, the number 3.] i. A collection of three things having something in common. 2. In chemistry, a trivalent element. Grancher's t., Hutchinson's t., see the proper names. triakaidekaphobia (tri"ah-ki-dek-ah-fo'bI-ah) [G. tria kai deka, three and ten, thirteen, + photos, fear.] The superstitious fear of thirteen at table. tri'al-case. A box containing an assortment of trial-lenses. tri'al-frame. A spectacle frame into which lenses can be readily slipped when testing the acuteness of a person's vision. tri'al-lenses. A series of cylindrical and spherical lenses used in testing vision. tri'al-plate. In dentistry a temporary plate of soft metal or other substance, used for testing and fitting an artificial denture. trialyl'amine. An oily liquid amine, NCCaHj),. tri'amide. A tertiary amide.* tri'amine. A tertiary amine.* triangle (tri'ang-gl) [L. iriangulum; tri-, three, + angulus, angle.] i. A geometrical figure having three straight lines, joined two by two, forming three angles; trigone, z. In anatomy and sur- gery, a more or less triangular area bounded by muscles, bony prominences, or other structures, within which are normally found certain impor- tant nerves or blood-vessels; for these various triangles (Petit's, Scarpa's, etc.) see the proper names, ante'rior t., a large t. in the neck, bounded by the mandible above, the sterno- cleidomastoid muscle, and the midline of the neck anteriorly; it is subdivided into the inferior and superior carotid triangle and the submandibular t. auric'ular t., a t. formed by the base of the auricle and by lines drawn from the true tip of the auricle to the extremities of the base, ax'illary t., a triangular area embracing the inner aspect of the arm, the axilla, and the pectoral region which is one of the seats of pre- dilection for the petechial initial rash of small- pox. car"diohepat'ic t., an area in' the fifth in- tercostal space on the right side, marking the interval between the heart and the liver, carot'id t., see inferior carotid t., and superior carotid t. cephal'ic t., a t. on the craniixm formed by lines connecting the metopion, the mental point, and the occipital point, cru'ral t., an area of predilection for the petechial initial rash of smallpox; it occupies the lower abdominal, in- guinal, and genital regions and the inner aspects of the thighs, the base of the triangle traversing the umbilicus, digas'tric t., submandibular t. fa'cial t., a t. formed by lines connecting the basion, the alveolar point, and the nasal point. fem'oral t., Scarpa's* t. frontal t., a t. bounded above by the maximum frontal diameter and laterally by lines joining the extremities of this diameter with the glabella, iliofem'oral t., Bry- ant's* t. infe'rior carot'id t., bounded by the stemomastoid behind, the anterior belly of 66 the omohyoid • above, and the middle line of the neck anteriorly; the common carotid artery and jugular vein lie at the posterior limit of this space, infe'rior occip'ital t., one formed by a line between the two mastoid processes and the two converging lines between the mastoid process on either side and the inion, or external occipital protuberance, infraclavic'ular t., one bounded by the clavicle, the anterior border of the deltoid muscle, and the upper border of the pectoralis major muscle, in'guinal t., (i) femoral t., subinguinal t., Scarpa's t. ; (2) inguinal trigone, Henke's* trigone. lum"bocos"toabdom'inal t., an irregular area bounded by the serratus posterior inferior, obliquus extemus, obliquus intemus, and sacrospinalis muscles, lym'phoid t., Wall deyer's ring, the broken chain of lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, faucial, and pharyngea- tonsils. med'ullary t., capsula interna, occip'ital t., a t. of the neck bounded by the trapezius, the sternocleidomastoid, and the omohyoid muscles; see inferior occipital t. pal'atal t., a triangular area bounded by the greatest transverse diam- eter and by lines converging from its extremities to the alveolar point, paraver'tebral t., Grocco's* triangle, puboure'thral t., a triangle in the peri- neum bomided by the transversus perinei, the ischiocavemosus, and the bulbocavernosus muscles, sacral t., the surface area over the sacrum, subcla'vian t., trigonum omoclavicu- lare [BNA]. subin'guinal t., Scarpa's* t. sub- mandib'ular t., submaxillary t., a subdivision of the anterior t. of the neck, bounded by the man- dible above, the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and anteriorly by the midline of the neck, submax'illary t., sub- mandibular t. submen'tal t., a t. bounded on either side by the anterior belly of a digastric muscle, and below by the hyoid bone; the myohyoid muscle forms its floor, suboc- cip'ital t., one bounded by the obliquus inferior, the obliquus superior, and the rectus capitis posterior major muscles, supe'rior carot'id t., bounded by the stemomastoid behind, the anterior belly of the omohyoid below, and the posterior belly of the digastric above; the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occurs here, supe'rior lum'bar t., et space bounded by the external oblique muscle anteriorly, the iliocostal posteriorly, the serratus posticus inferior and end of the twelfth rib above, and the internal oblique below, su- prame'atal t., Macewen's t., a triangle formed by the root of the zygoma, the posterior wall of the bony external auditory meatus, and an imaginary line connecting the extremities of the first two lines, used as a guide in mastoid operations, sur'gical t., see triangle (2). t. of ausculta'tion, space bounded by the lower border of the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the vertebral border of the scapula, t. of el'bow, a space between the pronator teres and the supinater longus muscles on the fiexor side of the elbow, t. of elec'tion, superior carotid triangle. t. of neces'sity, inferior carotid triangle, um- bil"icomam'millary t., a triangle with apex at the umbilicus and base at the line joining the mam- millae, vag'inal t., Pawlik's* t. ves'ical t., tri- gonum vesicas [BNA]. triangular (tri-ang'gu-lar). Three-cornered, t. bone, OS trigonum, os triquetrum. t. fas'cia, fascia triangularis, t. lig'ament, ligamentum triangulare. t. muscle, musculus triangularis. triangula'ris [L.] Triangular; see under musculus. TRIANGULARITY 1042 TRICHOBEZOAR triangular'ity of the teeth. A -frery well-marked indication of advancing age in the horse, shown by increasing depth from front to rear in the occlusal surfaces of the incisor teeth. At nine years, when the marks fail, this sign be- comes of service in determining the age of the animal. trian'gtilum [L.] Triangle, trigone. triatom'ic [G. iri-, three, -I- alamos, atom.] Noting a compound having three hydroxyl groups by means of which other atoms or radicals may be added to the molecule. 2. Trivalent. tribade (trib'ad) [see tribadism.'] A woman with abnormally developed clitoris who takes the active r61e in sapphism. trib'adlsm, trib'ady [G. tribo, I rub.] Unnatural sexual practices between women. triba'sic [G. tris, thrice, -t- basis, base.] Having three replaceable hydrogen atoms, noting an acid with a basicity of 3. tribas'ilar. Having three bases, t. synosto'sis, fusion in early life of the three bones at the base of the skull resulting in arrest of development of the brain and idiocy. tribe [L. iribus.] In biological classification, an occasional division between the family and the genus; usually the same as the subfamily. triboluminescence (tri"bo-lu-min-es'ens). [G. tribo, I rub.] Luminosity caused by friction. tribiachius (tri-bra'H-us) [G. iri-, three, + brachion, arm.] A monster with three arms. tribroman'iline. A colorless acicular crystalline powder, the hydrobromide of which {bromamide) is employed in neuralgia in doses of gr. 5-10 (0.3-0.6). tribromhy'drin. Allyl tribromide, a colorless liquid, CsHsBrs, employed as an antispasmodic and sedative in doses of TIJ5 (0.3). tribro'mide. A bromide having three bromine atoms in the molecule. tribiommeth'ane. Brdmoform. tribromophe'nol, tribromphe'nol. Bromo., CjHjBrjOH, obtained by the action of bromine on an aqueous solution of phenol; occurs as red- dish crystals of a, bromine odor and sweetish astringent taste, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5), and externally as an antiseptic in 3 per cent, solution in oil, or mixed with talcum as a dusting powder, t. bis'muth, xeroform, a greenish yellow powder, employed as an intestinal antiseptic in dOses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). tiibromphen'yl sal'icylate. Tribromsalol. tribromsal'ol. Cordol, a white, odorless, tasteless crystalline powder, insoluble in water; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). trlcal'cic. Containing three calcium atoms. trlceirular. Three-celled. triceph'alus [G. iri-, three, -I- kephalos, head.] A monster with three heads. tri'ceps [L. iri-, three, + caput, head.] Three- headed; noting especially two muscles: t. brachii and i. surcs, which see under musculus. trichangiectasia (tri-kan-ji-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. ihrix {irich-), hair, -1- angeion, vessel, -I- ekiasis, exten- sion.] Dilatation of the capillary blood-vessels; telangiectasia. trichatrophia (tri-kS-tro'fl-ah) [G. thrix(irich-), hair, -f atrophia, atrophy.] Atrophy of the hair-bulbs, with brittleness, splitting, and falling of the hair. trichauxis (trik-awk'sis) [G. thrixiirich-), hair, -)- auxis, increase.] Hypertrophy, as to both size and number, of the hairs of a part. trichia (trik'i-ah). Entropion, trichiasis. trichiasis (tri-ki'a-sis) [G. thrix(irich-), hair.] Inversion of one or more of the eyelashes causing irritation of the corneal conjimctiva. trichina, pi. trichinie (tri-ki'nah). A larval worm of the genus Trichinella. Trichina (tri-ki'nah) [G. thrix(irich-), hair.] A genus of nematode worms, more correctly called Trichinella. T. cys'tlca, Filaria bancrofti. T. spira'lis, Trichinella spiralis. Trichinella (tri-ki-nel'ah) [dim. of trichina.'] A genus of Nematoda. T. spira'lis, a nematode, the adult of which inhabits the intestine of man and other mammals, the larvae invading the muscles, and giving rise to the disease, trichinosis. trichinelliasis (trik-e-nel-i'a-sis). Trichinosis. trichinellosis (tri-kl-nel-lo'sis). Trichinosis. trichiniasis (tri-kin-i'a-sis). Trichinosis. trichiniferous (tri-kin-if'er-us) [trichina -\- ferre, to bear.] Containing trichinae. trichiniza'tioii (tri-kin-i-za'shun). Infestation with trichinae. trichinopho'bia (tri-kin-o-fo'bl-ah) [trichina -I- G. phobos, fear.] Abnormal fear of acquiring tri- chinosis. trichinoscope (tri-ki'no-skop) [trichina + G. skoped, I view.] A magnifying glass employed in the examination of meat suspected of being trichinous. trichinosis (tri-kin-o'sis). A disease caused by the presence' of the larvae of Trichinella spiralis in the muscles. The larvae are ingested in insufficiently cooked pork and reach maturity in the intestine; the mature worm then gives birth to multitudes of larvae "which are carried in the lymph and blood to the muscles, where they become encysted, their presence causing severe pain, edema, fever, and marked eosinophilia. trichinous (trik'in-us) Infested with trichinse. trichite (tri'kit) [G. thrix{trich-), hair, -\- -ite.] One of a number of plastids, derived from the nucleus, in acicular form, arranged radially around the periphery of a protozoan cell, which may be extruded as weapons of offense or defense. trichitis (tri-ki'tis) [G. ihrix(trich-), hair, -)- -itis.] Inflammation of the hair-bulbs. trichloracetic acid (tri-ldor-a-se'tik as'id). Acidum trichloraceticum. trichloraldehyde (tri-klor-al'de-hid). Chloral. trichlorbutylal'cohol. Chloretone. trichlorbutylaldehyde (tri - Idor - bu"til - al'de - hid). Butyl-chloral. trichlorhy'drin. Allyl trichloride, recommended as a hypnotic. trichloride (tri-klo'rid, tri-klo'rid). A chloride having three chlorine atoms in the molecule. trichlormeth'ane. Chloroform. trichloropropane (tri-klo-ro-pro'pan). Trichlorhy- drin, allyl trichloride. trichlorphe'nol. Trichlorphenic acid, a derivative of carbolic acid occurring in white acicular crys- tals; employed as an antiseptic and disinfec- tant. tricho- [G. thrix(trich-), hair.] A prefix denoting a hair or hair-like structure, capillary. trichotesthesia (tri-ko-es-the's5-ah). Trichoesthe- sia. trichobacteria (tri-ko-bak-te'ri-ah) [G. thrix, hair.] Flagellated bacteria. trichobezoar (tri-ko-be'zor) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, -I- Pers. bezoar.'] A hair-ball in the stomach. RICHOCARDIA 1043 TRICHOPATHOPHOBIA chocardia (tri-ko-kar'di-ah) [G. thrix, hair, + kardia, heart.] Hairy heart,* shaggy pericar- dium, cor hirsutum. ;chocephaUasis (tri"ko-sef-al-i'a-sis). Infestation with a worm of the genus Trichocephalus. ichocephalus (tri-ko-sef'al-us) [G. ihrix(,tnch-), hair, + kephale, head.] A genus of nemaioda, parasitic in the large intestine of mammals. T. afflnis, cecum-worm, a worm parasitic in the cecum of the sheep. T. crena'tus, a species parasitic in the cecum of the dog. T. dispar, T. hom'inis, T. trichiurus. T. trichiu' us [G. thrix, hair, + oura, tail], whip-worm; a very common intestinal parasite in man, inhabiting the cecum. ichocirsus (tri-ko-sur'sus) [G. thrix trich-), hair, + kirsos, varix.] Dilatation of the capillary blood- vessels. ichoclasia, trichoclasis (tri-ko-kla'sl-ah, tri-kokla- sis) [G. thrix(,trich-), hair, -I- klasis, breaking off.] Brittleness of the hairs, trichorrhexis. ichocryptosis ^ri-ko-krip-to'sis) [G. thrix(trich-) , hair, + kryptos, concealed.] Any disease of the hair-follicles. ichocyst (triTfo-sist) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + kystis, bladder.] One of a number of plastids, derived from the nucleus, in the form of minute elongated cysts, arranged radially around the periphery of a protozoan cell, the contained fluid, when discharged, serving for offense or defense. Lchodangeitis (tri-ko-dan-je-i'(e')tis) ,;[G. trichodes, capillary, + angeion, vessel, -t- -itis.'\ Inflam- mation of the capillary bldod-vessels. ichodarteriitis (tri-ko-dar-ter-I-i'(e')tis) [G. trich- odes, capillary, + arteria, artery, + -itis.} In flammation of the arterioles, telangeitis. ichodectes (tri-ko-dek'tez) [G. thrix^trich-), hair, + dekies, a beggar.] A genus of insects parasitic on some of the lower animals. T. latus, the dog- louse. T. sphaeroceph'alus, the round-headed sheep-louse. ichodophlebitis (tri-kod-o-fle-bi'(be')tis) [G. trich- odes, capillary, + phlepsiphleb-}, vein, + -iiis.] ' Inflammation of the venules. ichoepithelioma (tri-ko-ep-l-the-ll-o'mah) [G. thrix (trich-), hair, + epithelioma.] Benign cystic epithelioma; an epithelial neoplasm originating in the hair-follicles, t. papillo'sum mul'tiplex, an eruption of papules and nodules, resembling spiradenoma, originating in the hair-follicles. Ichoesthesia, trichoaesthesia (tri-ko-es-the'zl-ah) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, -H aisthesis, sensation.] i. The sensation felt when a hair is touched. 2. A form of paresthesia in which there is a sensation as of a hair on the skin, on the mucous mem- brane of the mouth, or on the conjunctiva. Ichoesthesiometer, trichoaesthesiometer (tri-ko-es- the-sl-om'e-ter) [trichoesthesia -{-■ G. metron, measure.] A device for testing the sensibility of the scalp and other hairy parts. ichogen (tri'ko-jen) [G. thrix (trich-), hair, + gennao, I produce.] i. An agent which pro- motes the growth of hair. ^. Trade name of a preparation from the sebaceous glands and cholesterin, recommended to be given by hypo- dermic injection to stimulate the growth of hair. Ichogenous (tri-koj'en-tis) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + gennao, I produce.] Promoting the growth of the hair, [choglossia (tri-ko-glosl-ah) [G. thrix(trich-), hair. + gldssa, tongue.] Hairy tongue. ichohyaline (tri-ko-hi'al-in). A substance <^i the nature of keratohyaline or eleidin, found in the hair. trichoid (tri'koyd) [G. thrix(lrich-), hair, + eidos, resemblance.] Hair-like. trichokyptomania (tri-ko-kyp''to-ma'ni-ah) [G. thrix (trich-) , hair, -1- kyptos, crooked, -)- mania, madness.] Trichorrhexomania. tricholabis, tricholabium (tri-kol'a-bis, tri-ko-la'bl- um) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, + lahis, pincers; labion, dim. of labe, a grip.] Hair-tweezers. tricholith (tri'ko-lith) [G. thrix{trich-), hair, -I- lithos, stone.] A concretion on the hair, the lesion of piedra.* trichologia (tri-ko-lo'ji-ah) [G. trichologo, I pick out hairs.] i. A tic consisting in plucking at the hair. 2. Trichotillomania. 3. Carphologia. trichology (tri-kol'o-jl) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, + -logia.] I. The branch of medicine which has to do with the hair — its anatomy, growth, and dis- eases. 2. [G. lego, I pick out.] Trichologia. trichoma (tri-ko'mah) [G. thrix (trich-), hair, -I- -oma.] I. Plica polonica. 2. Trichiasis. trichomania (tri-ko-ma'ni-ah). Trichotillomania. trichomaphyte (tri-ko'mS-fit) [trichoma + G. phyton, plant.] A fungus found in plica polonica. trichomatose^ (tri-ko'mS-toz). Trichomatous. trichomatosis (tri-ko-mi-to'sis). Trichoma. trichomatous (tri-ko'm3.-tus). Relating to or suf- fering from trichoma trichome (tri'kome) [G. trichoma, a hairy growth.] One of the epidermal hiars, prickles, or scales of plants. Trichomonas (tri-kom'o-nas) [G. thrix(irich-), hair, + monas, single.] A genus of flagellate protozoa. T. hom'inis, a species found in the human intes- tine, sometimes apparently the cause of diarrhea T. intestina'lis, a species sometimes found in the intestine in bacillary dysentery. T. vagina'lis, a species found in the vaginal secretions and some- times in the male urethra. Trichomycetes (tri-ko-mi-se'tez) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + mykes, fungus.] Hair-fungus ; a family of. Hyphomycetes including the higher bacteria. trichomycetosis (tri-ko-mi-se-to'sis). Trichomy- cosis. trichomycosis (tri-ko-mi-ko'sis) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + mykes, a fungus.] Any disease of the hair caused by a bacterial invasion; tinea, t. axilla'ris, trichonocardiasis. t. nodo'sa, t. nod- ula'ris, nodular t., t. palmellina, lepothrix, a dis- ease of the hair, characterized by the presence on the hairs of reddish nodular masses composed of agglutinated microorganisms; certain tropical forms are due to the presence of Trichosporon foxei and T. krusei. t. palmelli'na, t. nodosa. t. pustulo'sa, any parasitic disease of the hair marked by pustulation at the orifices of the hair- follicles. trichonocardiasis (tri"ko-no"kar-di'a-sis) [G. thrix (trich-) , hair, -|- Nocardia.] A nodular affection of the hair, generally of the axillary region, caused by the presence of a species of Nocardia (N. tenuis); trichomycosis axillaris; four varie- ties have been described — t. fla'va, t. fus'ca, t. ni'gra, and t. ru'bra; in the first N. tenuis is found alone, in the others there is a symbiosis of this fungus with pigment-forming cocci. trichonosis (tnk-6-no'sis). Trichonosus. trichonosus (tri-kon'o-sus) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + nosos, disease.] Any morbid condition of the hair, trichopathy, t, versic'olor, ringed hair. trichopathic (tri-ko-path'ik). Relating to any dis- ease of the hair. trichopathophobia (tri-ko-path-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. thrix trich-), hair, + pathos, suffering, + phobos, fear.] TRICHOPATHOPHOBIA 1044 TRICORNUTE Excessive worry regarding disease of the hair, its color, or abnormalities of its growth. trichopathy (tri-kop'a,-thI) [G. ihrix{trich-), hair, + pathos, suffering.] Any disease of the hair, trichonosis, trichonosus. trichophagy (tri-kof'a-jl) [G. thrixifrick-), hair, + phago, I eat.] The tic of biting the hair. trichophobia (tri-ko-fo'bj-ah) [G. thrix(,irich-), hair, + phobos, fear.] A morbid, almost insane, dis- gust caused by the sight of loose hairs on the clothing or elsewhere. trichophytic (tri-ko-fit'ik). i. Relating to tricho- phytosis. 2. Promoting the growth of the hair, trichogenous. 3. An agent which promotes the growth of the hair, trichogen. Trichoph'yton [G. ihrix(irich-), hair, -t- phyton, plant.] A genus of fungi pathogenic of tinea or ringworm. T. ec'tothrix [G. ektos, without], and T. en'dothrix [G. endon, within], see T. megalos- poron. T. megalos'poron [G. megas(megal-), large, -f- sporos, seed], the large spored ringworm fungus, common in France, but rare in England and the United States; it occurs in two forms; T. m. ectothrix, the spores of which are found usually outside the cuticle of the hair; and T. m. endothrix, which invades the substance of the hair; the first is the form occurring in ringworm in domestic animals. T. micros'poron [G. mikros, small, + sporos, seed], Microsporon audouini, the species of fungus usually productive of ringworm in the United States. T. ra'dens, a species which has been mentioned as the cause of alopecia areata. T. ro'dens, Achorion quinckeanum. T. rosa'ceum, a species occasionally found in cases of typical ringworm; it produces cultures of a pink color. T. ton'surans, a variety of the ringworm fungus, said to be a distinct species, causing tinea tonsurans. trichophytosis (tri-ko-fi-to'sis) [G. 1hrix(trich-), hair, -I- phyton, plant.] Ringworm, tinea* trichophy- tina. t. cap'itis, tinea tonsurans, t. cor'poris, tinea circinata. t. cruris, eczema marginatum. trichopoliosis (tri-ko-po-U-o'sis) [G. thrix{trich-), hair, -I- polios, gray.] Canities. trichoptilosis (tri-kop-til-o'sis) [G. thrix(trich-), hair, + ptilosis, plumage.] i. A condition of splitting of the shaft of the hair, giving it a feath- ery appearance. 2. Trichorrhexis nodosa. trichorrhea, trichorrhcea (tri-k6-re'ah) [G. thrix (irich-), hair, -t- rhoia, a flow.] Falling of the hair. trichorrhexis (tri-ka-reks'is) [G. thHx(,trich-), hair, + rhexis, a breaking.] Pragilitas crinium, trichoschisis, a condition in which the hairs read- ily break or split, t. nodo'sa, trichoclasia, clastothrix, a condition in which minute nodes are formed in the shafts of the hairs, the latter splitting and breaking incompletely at these points. trichorrhexomania (tri-ko-reks"o-ma'nl-ah) [G. thrixitrich-) , hair, + rhexis, breaking, + mania, madness.] A tic of breaking off the hair of the head or beard by rubbing it against the thin edge of a finger nail. trichoschisis (tri-kos'kl-sis) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, -I- schisis, a cleaving.] Splitting of the hairs, trichorrhexis, trichoscopy (tri-kos'ko-pl) [G. thrixitrich^), hair, -t- skopeo, I examine.] Examination of the hair. trichosis (tri-ko'sis) [G. thrixitrich-), hair.] i. Any disease of the hair, trichonosus, trichopathy. 2. Abnormal growth of the hair, or growth of hair in an abnormal location, t. a'thrix, alopecia, t. carun'culae, a growth of hair on the lacrymal caruncle, t. dec'olor, canities, or any abnormal coloration of the hair. t. distrix, trichorrhexia. t. sensiti'va, hyperesthesia of the hairy parts. t. seto'sa, coarseness of the hair. Trichosoma contortum (tri-ko-so'ma kon-tor'tum) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, + soma, body; L. contortus, twisted.] A thread-worm, parasitic in fowls. trichosomatous (tri-ko-so'mS-tus) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, + soma, body.] Having flagella with a small body, noting certain protozoan organisms. Trichos'poron [G. thrix, hair, -\- sporos, seed.] A genus of fungi causing trichomycosis nodosa. trichosporosis (tri-ko-spo-ro'sis) . A disease of the hair caused by a species of Trichosporon. t. In'- dica, a mild form of piedra observed in India, t. trop'ica, piedra. Trichostomina (tri-ko-sto-mi'nah) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, -H stoma, mouth.] A suborder . of Holo- trichida, having an vmdulating membrane at the mouth opening. Trichostrongylus (tri"ko-stron'jif-Jus) [G. thrix itrich-), hair, + strongylos, round.] A genus of Nematoda, formerly included in Slrongylus. Tr. ins'tab'ilis, a species found in Egypt. Tr. orienta'lis, a Japanese species. Tr. probol'urus and Tr. vitri'nus are two species found in Egypt, infecting the antelope, camel, and sheep, but rarely man. trichosyphilis, trichosyphilosis (tri-ko-sif'I-lis, tri- ko-sif-i-lo'sis) . Any syphilitic disease of the hair. Trichothecium (tri-ko-the'sl-um) [G. thrix, hair, -f- thekion, dim. of theke, box, case.] A genus of mould fungi sometimes causing disease of the hair. T. ro'seum, a species which has been found in certain cases of mycomyringitis. trichotillomania (tri-ko-til-o-ma'nl-ah) [G. thrix (iricfe-), hair, -H tillo, I pluck, 4- mania, madness.] The habit of plucking at the hairs of the beard or moustache, or those at the anterior nares or ears. trichotomy (tri-kot'o-ml) [G. tricha, threefold, + tome, a cutting.] Division into three parts. ■ trichotoxin (tri-ko-tox'in) [G. ttirixitrich-), hair, referring to the cilia.] A cytotoxin specific for ciliated epithelium. trichotrophy (tri-kot'ro-fi) [G. thrixitrich-), hair, + trophe, nourishment.] Nutrition of the hair. trichroic (tri-kro'ik) [G. trichroos, three-colored.] Relating to or marked by trichroism. trichroism (tri'kro-izm). The property of showing a different color when viewed in each of three positions. trichromatic (tri-kro-mat'ik) [G. tri-, three, -I- chro- ma, color.] Relating to or capable of perceiving the three fundamental colors, red, green, and violet; noting the eye normal in respect of color- sensation. trichromic (tri-kro'mik) [G. tri-, three, + chroma, color.] I. Capable of distinguishing the three colors — red, blue, and green. 2. A person of weak color vision, who is yet able to distinguish the three colors — red, blue, and green. trichuriasis (tri-koo-ri'S-sis) . The presence of Tri- churis Irichiura, or whipworm, in large numbers in the large intestine or ileum. Trichurls (tri-koo'ris) [G. thrixitrich-), hair,-|- oura, tail.] A genus of Trematoda of the family Trichinellida. T. trichiu'ra, the whip-worm, Trichocephalus* dispar or irichiurus. tricip'ital. Having three heads; noting a triceps muscle. tri'com [L. tri-, three, + cornu, horn.] i. One of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 2. Triromute. tricor'nute. Having three comua or horns. TRICRESOL I04S TRIGONOCEPHALUS tricre'sol. A proprietary name for a purified mix- ture of the three cresols. tricresolamine (tri-kre-sol-am'en). An antiseptic liquid containing two per cent, each of tricresol and ethylenediamine. tricrot'ic [G. tri-, three, + kroios, a heat.] Marked by three bea s, noting a down stroke of the sphymographic tracing interrupted by three up- ward notches. tri'crotism. The condition of being tricrotic. tri'crotous. Tricrotic. tricus'pid [L. tres{tri-), three, -I- cuspis, point.] Having three points, prongs, or cusps, t. a'rea, the region of the chest wall over the lower part of the body of the sternum, where the sounds pro- duced at the right atrioventricular orifice are heard most distinctly, t. murmur, a murmur produced by stenosis or incompetency of the t. valve, t. or'ifice, the right atrioventricular aper- ture of the heart, guarded by the t. valve, t. tooth, a tooth having a crown with three cusps. t. valve, valvula tricuspidalis. t. ver'tebra, the sixth cervical vertebra in quadrupeds. tricus'pidal, tricus'pidate. Tricuspid. Trident Hands. tri'dent. Tridendate. t. hand, a deformity in chon- drodystrophy marked by a divergence of the second and third from the fourth and fifth fingers at the end of the first phalanx, the two pairs of fingers and the thumb giving a three-pronged shape to the hand. triden'tate [L. tri-, three, + densident-), tooth.] Trident, three-toothed, three-pronged. tridermic (tri-dur'mik) [G. tri-, three, -(- derma, skin.] Relating to or derived from the three "derms" of the embryo — grioderm, endoderra, and j««oderm. tridermoma (tri-dur-mo'mah) [G. tri-, three, 4- derma, skin, + -oma.] A teratoid growth repre- senting all three germ-layers, adult' or coeta'- neous t., one the different elements of which resemble fully matured tissue; em'bryonal t., one in which the tissue elements are of embryonal character. tridymus (trid'i-mus). i. A triple monster. 2. One of normal triplets. trielcon (tri-el'kon) [G. tri-, three, -I- helko, I draw.] A long three-jawed forceps for the extraction of foreign bodies from wounds or canals. tiiencephalus (tri-en-sef'a-lus). Triocephalus. triethylamine (tri-eth-il-am'en) . A Uquid pto- maine of ammoniacal odor, CeHisN, formed in decaying fish; it is not violently poisonous. trif a'cial [L. tri-, three, -I- fades, face.] Noting the fifth pair of cranial nerves, nervus trigeminus [BNA]. t. neural'gia, neuralgia of one of the branches of the trifacial nerve, tic douloureux. trifer'rin. Ferric paranucleinate, trade name of a preparation said to be a compound of casein- paranucleinio acid and iron, prepared by digesting the casein of cow's milk with pepsin and precipi- tating with a salt of iron. It is a reddish taste- less powder, insoluble in water; recommended in anemia and chlorosis in doses of gr. 5 (0.3). trifer'rol. Trade name of a liquid said to contain triferrin gr. i (0.06) in each fluidrachm (4.0). tri'fld [L. trifidus; tri-, three, + findere, to split.] Three-cleft, split into three. trifolio'sis [L. trijolium, trefoil, clover.] A disease of the horse, said to be due to the ingestion of hybrid clover, and marked by symptoms showing irritation of skin and buccal mucous membrane, or by manifestations of grave disturbance of the internal organs. Trifo'lium [L. tri-, three, -I- folium, leaf.] A genus of plants of the order Leguminosa, including the trefoils or clovers. T. arven'se [L. arvensis, of the field], hare's foot, field clover, employed in domestic medicine in the treatment of gout. T. praten'se [L. pratensis, of the meadow], red clover, trifolium (N.F.), employed in eclectic practice in the treatment of whooping cough and tuberculosis, and as an alterative, especially in the treatment of inoperable cancer. T. re'pens [L. repere, to creep], Dutch clover, white clover, used in domestic practice in the treatment of gout and gouty pains. trifo'lium (N.F.). Red clover blossoms, the dried inflorescence of T. pratense; dose, 51 (4-o); a fluidextract is official in the N.F. trifor'mol. Paraform. tiigas'tric [L. tri , three, -I- gasier, belly.] Having three bellies, noting a muscle with two tendinous interruptions. trigem'in. Trade name of a synthetic preparation, dimethylaminoantipyrine-butylchloralh y d r a t e, recommended in the treatment of tic douloureux and other forms of neuralgia, influenza, and sore- throat in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). trigeminal (tri-jem'i-nal). Relating to the fifth cranial or trigeminus nerve, t. cough, a reflex cough due to irritation of the terminals of the trigeminus nerve in the upper respiratory passages, t. impres'sion, impressio trigemini [BNA]. t. nerve, nervus trigeminus, t. neural'- gia, facial neuralgia, tic douloureux, t. pulse, pulsus trigeminus. trigeminus (tri-jem'i-nus) [L. triplet.] See under nervus and pulsus. trigg'er-a'rea. Any point or circumscribed area, irritation of which will give rise to functional action or disturbance elsewhere. trigg'er-flnger. See under finger. trigg'er-mate'rial. A hypothetical substance which acts as a sort of a fuse, its decomposition causing that of the protoplasm, the splitting of which is necessary for the performance of a definite func- tion. trigoceph'alus. Trigonocephalus. trig'onal. Triangular; relating to a trigonum. tii'gone. I. Triangle, trigonum. 2. The first three cusps, taken collectively, of an upper molar tooth. Trigonell'a [G. trigones, triangular, noting the shape of the flowers.] A genus of leguminous herbs, containing the species T. fcenum grcecum, fenu- greek. trigonid (tri-gon'id) [see trigonum.] The first three cusps, taken collectively, of a lower molar tooth. trigonitis (tri-go-ni'(ne')tis) [L. trigonum + G. -itis.'\ Inflammation of the urinary bladder, localized in the mucous membrane at the trigonum. trigonocephal'ic. Marked by trigonocephaly, re- lating to a trigonocephalus. trigonoceph'alus [G. trigonon, triangle, -I- hephale, head.] A monster having a more or less tri- angular skull owing to arrested development of TRI GONOCEPHALUS 1046 TRIMORPHISM the frontal bone and of the frontal lobes of the brain. trigonoceph'aly , The condition of a trigonocephalus . trigo'num, pi. trigo'na [L. from G. irigonon, a tri- angle.] Trigone, any triangular area. t. acus'- tici, trigone of the acoustic nerve, a prominence on the outer side of the fovea inferior of the floor of the fourth ventricle, below the striae meduUares. t. carot'icum, the superior carotid triangle,* or triangle of election, t. cerebra'le, fornix (i). t. cervica'le, t. colli, t. collatera'le [BNA], collateral trigone, t. , ventriculi, an approximately tri- angular space in the pars centralis of the lateral ventricle of the brain, between the posterior and descending horns, t. colli, any one of the tri- angles of the neck, more especially t. caroticum. t. deltoid'eopectora'le [BNA], Mohrenheim's fossa, a space between the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles, below the clavicle, t. dorsa'Ie, t. du'rum, the space between the nates, or coUi- culi superiores [BNA], of the quadrigeminal bodies, t. femora'le [BNA], Scarpa's triangle, a, triangular space at the upper and inner part of the thigh, bounded by the sartorius and adductor longus muscles and the inguinal (Poupart's) ligament, t. fibro'sum [BNA], one of two cartilaginous nodules, to the right and left of the root of the aorta, forming the extremities of the incomplete fibrous ring which sur- rounds the left atrioventriculai^ orifice, t. fluc'tuans, commissura posterior cerebri, t. haben'alee [BNA], trigone of the habenula, a small triangular area between the habenula and the thalamus, immediately anterior to the superior quadrigeminal body on either side. t. hypoglas'si, t. nervi hypoglossi. t. inguina'le, (i) a triangular space above and external to the pubic spine, formed by the outer edge of the rectus abdominis' muscle and the inguinal furrow; (2) t. femorale. t. lemnis'ci [BNA], tri- angle of Reil, triangle or trigone of the fillet, a triangular area on the upper part of the outer side of the brachium* conjunctivum. t. lum- ba'le [BNA], Petit's lumbar triangle, an interval bounded by the edges of the latissimus dorsi and obliquus externus muscles and the crest of the ilium, t. ner'vi hypoglos'si [BNA], trigone of the hypoglossal nerve, a slight elevation in the fovea inferior of the fourth ventricle, beneath which is the nucleus of origin of the 12th cranial nerve, t. olfacto'rium [BNA], olfactory trigone, a grayish triangular area forming the posterior extremity of the olfactory tract where it diverges into the three roots, or olfactory strise; the tri- gone lies just above the optic nerve near the chiasm, t. omoclavicula'TC [BNA], subclavian triangle, a triangle bounded by the clavicle, the omohyoid muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle, t. pala'tl, palatal triangle.* t. pen'- sile, t. fluctuans. t. sternocosta'le, a muscular defect in the diaphragm between the costal and the sternal portions, t. urogenita'le, diaphrag- ma urogenitale. t. va'gi, trigone of the vagus nerve, ala* oinerea [BNA], t. vagina'le, Paw- lik's triangle, the area in the vagina correspond- ing to the t. vesicEB. t. ventric'uli, trigone of the ventricle, t. coUaterale [BNA]. t. vesi'cBB [BNA], Lieutaud's trigone, a triangular smooth area at the base of the bladder bounded by lines drawn between the ureters and from each ureter to the urethra. trihal'oid. A compound containing three hydroxyl radicals in the molecule. trihybrid (tri-hi'brid) [L. tri-, three, -|- hybridus. hybrid.] The offspring of parents .which differ from them in three characters. trihy'drate. A compound containing one atom of the base to three hydroxyl radicals in the molecule. triketopu'rin. Uric acid. trihy'dric. Noting a chemical compound containing three replaceable hydrogen atoms. trihydrox'ide. Trihydrate. tri-iniod'ymus [G. iri-, three, + inion, nape of the neck, -I- didymos, twin.] A monster with three heads, joined at the occiput, and a single body, triiodide (tri-i'o-did, or -did). An iodide with three atoms of iodine and one of the other elements in the molecule. triiodometh'ane. Iodoform. triketohydrinden hydrate (tri-ke-to-hi'drin-den hi'drat). A colorless, crystallizable, water- soluble substance, C6H4.CO.CO.C(OH)2, em- ployed as a test for albumin, peptone, poly- peptids, and amino acids and also for specific proteolytic ferments in the blood, as in the Abder- halden tests; called also ninhydrin. tri'labe [G. iri-, three, + labe, a grip.] A three- pronged forceps for removal of foreign bodies from the bladder. trilam'inar. Having three laminas. trilat'eral [L. tri-, three, -^■ latusQater-), side.] Having three sides. trilau'rin. Aglyceride found abundantly in cocoa- nut oil and some other oils. trilinolein (tri-li-no'-le-in). A glyceride found in linseed oil and some other drying oils. trill'in. An alcoholic extract of trillium, employed in eclectic practice as a tonic expectorant, astrin- gent, hemostatic, and ecbolic in doses of gr. 2-4 (0.13-0.25). triUium (tril'i-um) [L. Ires, three, referring to the arrangements of parts of the flowers in threes.] (N.P.) The rhizome of Trillium ereUum and other species of T., birthroot, bethroot, wake-robin, Indian shamrock, plants of eastern North America; tonic, astringent, and antispasmodic in dose of gr. 30 (2.0), or ni!30 (2.0) of the N.P. fluidextract. trilo'bate tri'lobed \L. tri-, three, + lobus, lobe.] Having three lobes. triloc'ular [L. tri-, three, -I- loculus, cell.] Having three cells. triman'ual [L. tri-, three, -f manus, hand.] Per- formed by the aid of three hands, noting certain obstetrical maneuvers. trimas'tigate [G. iri-, three, -H mastix(mastig-), a whip.] Having three flagella, noting certain protozoans. trimen'sual [L. tri-, three, + menses, month.] Occurring every three months, quarterly. trimercu'ric. Noting a, compound having three bivalent atoms of mercury in the molecule. trimes'tral, trimes'trial. Trimensual. trimethyl'amine. An alkaloid, N(CHj)3, obtained from herring brine by distillation with lime; it is a colorless liquid at low temperatures but a gas at ordinary temperature. It is marketed in a 10 per cent, aqueous solution, a clear liquid with the odor of herring brine, caustic and antiseptic; recom- mended in rheumatism in doses of 15(10-30 (o . 6- 2.0). trimethylenedl'amine. A ptomaine formed in cul- tures of the cholera bacillus. trimethybfanthine (tri-meth-il-zan'thin). Caffeine. trimor'phic. Trimorphous. trlmor'phism. Existence under three forms, as in the case of certain insects which pass through the stages of larva, pupa, and imago. TRIMORPHOUS 1047 TRISMUS trimor'phous [G. iri-, three, + morphe, form.] Ex- isting vmder three forms, marked by trimorphism. trineu'iic [G. tri-, three, + neuron, nerve.] Having three neuxaxons or axis-cylinders. trini'trate. Temitrate, a nitrate having three nitric-acid radicals in the molecule. trini'trin. Nitroglycerin, glyceryl nitrate. trinitrocell'ulose. Gun-cotton, pyroxylin. trinitrocre'sol. A yellowish powder obtained from ^creosol, employed as an antiseptic application. trinitroglycerin (tri-ni-tro-glis'er-in). Nitroglyc- erin. trini'trol. Erythrol nitrate, having properties similar to those of nitroglycerin. trinitrophenol (U.S.) (tri-ni-tro-f e'nol) . Picric acid, carbazotio acid, C6H2(N02)80H; occur- ring as yellow crystals of bitter taste slightly 'soluble in water; employed sometimes as an application to bums and various skin affections, and as a vulnerary; its dose is given in the U.S.P. as gr. i (0.03), and it has been suggested for use in malaria, but it is seldom given internally. trinitrotoluene (tri-ni-tro-tol'u-en). Trinitro- toluol, T. N.T. , an explosive made by the nitrif ac- tion of toluol, or toluene, CH3.C6H2.(N02)3; it causes toxic symptoms — gastric and intestinal disturbances and dermatitis — in workers in munition factories. trino'mial [L. tri-, three, -|- nomen, name.] Having three names, noting certain zoological or botani- cal terms, as Diplococcus intracellularis meningi- tidis. trinophe'non. Trade name of a solution of picric acid employed in the local treatment of bums. trioceph'alus. Triencephalus, a monster having an imperfectly formed head without mouth, nose, or eyes. Tri'odon [G. tri-, three, -t- odousipdont-), tooth.] A genus of fishes, having a divided upper jaw, sev- eral species of which are poisonous. triolein (tri-ole-in). Olein. tri'onal. Sulphonethylmethane. triorchid, triorchis (tri-or'kid, tri-or'kis) [G. tri-, three, -f- orchis, testicle.] One who has three testicles. tri'ose. A monosaccharid, or sugar, having three carbon atoms in the molecule. trioto'nol. Trade name of a mixture the glycer- ophosphates of calcium, sodium, and strychnine, in the proportion of 2^ grains of each of the first two and gr. -^-^ of the last, see tonol. trio'tus [G. tri-, three, -t- ousifil), ear.] A diproso- pic monster with three ears. tiiox'ide. Teroxide. trioxybenzophe'non. Salicyl-resorcinolketone, a compound obtained by heating together saly- cylin acid and resorcinol ; antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic, in doses of gr. 5-1 5 (o . 3-1 . o). trioxymeth'ylene. Paraform. tripal'mitin. Palmitin. trip'ara [L. tri-, three, -f- parere, to bear.] A woman who has borne three children in as many pregnancies. triphalan'gia. A malformation consisting in the presence of three phalanges in the thumb or great toe. triphar'macon, triphar'macum. A pharmaceutical compoimd containing three drugs. tripha'sic [G. tris, thrice, + phasis, appearance.] Occurring in, or referring to, three phases or stages. triphenamine (tri-fen-am'en). A preparation of three salts of phenocoU, recommended in the treatment of rheumatism. triphen'etol-guan'idin hydrochlo'ride. A local anes- thetic recommended as a coUyrium in i per cent, solution. triphen'in. Propionylphenetidin, a crystalline pow- der, antipyretic and analgesic; recommended in rheumatism, influenza, headache, and neuralgia, in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). triphthe'mia, triphthse'mia [G. triptos, pounded, rubbed, -I- haima, blood.] The loading of the blood with waste material, t. carbonif'era, t. resulting from the immoderate ingestion of carbo- hydrates. Tripier's amputa'tion (tre-pe-a') [Lfon Tripier, French surgeon, 1842— 1891.] A modification of Chopart's amputation, in that a part of the cal- caneus is also removed. triple'gia [G. tri-, three, + plege, stroke.] Paralysis of an upper and a lower extremity and of the face, or of both extremities on one side and of one on the other. triple (trip'l) [G. iriploos.'] Threefold, consisting of three parts, t. phos'phate, ammoniomagnesium phosphate, t. stain, see under SferKcfe. t. vis'ion, triplopia. trip'let. I. One of three children delivered at the same birth. 2. A set of three similar objects, as a compound lens in a microscope, formed of three planoconvex lenses. tri'plex [L. tri-, three, + plexus; plicare, to fold.] Triple, threefold, t. pilk, pUulEe triplices (N.F.). triploblas'tic [G. triploos, threefold, + blastos, germ.] Formed of three blastodermic membranes. triplo'pia [G. triploos, triple, + dps{op-), eye.] A visual defect in which three images are seen of the same object. tri'pod [G. tri-, three, -I- pous{fod-), foot.] i. Three-legged. 2. A stand having three legs or supports. Haller's t., celiac axis, arteria* cceliaca [BNA]. viteil t., the brain, the heart, and the lungs regarded as the three organs essential to life. triprosopus (tri-pros-o'pus) [G. tri-, three, + prosopon, face.] A monster with three heads fused, leaving only parts of three faces. trip'sis [G. rubbing.] i. Trituration, z. Massage. tri'pus [L.] Tripod, t. coeli'acus, celiac axis, arteria cceliaca [BNA]. ttiquet'rous [L. triqueirus.'\ Triangular, t. bone, (l) a Wormian bone; (z) os triquetrum [BNA]. t. car'tilage, (i) discusarticularis of the distal- radioulnar articulation; (2) cartilago arytse- noidea. triquet'rum. i.Os triquetrum. ;a. A Wormian bone. trira'dial, trira'diate [L. iri-, three, + radius, ray. Radiating in three directions, t. fissure, t. sulcus, t. pelvis, pelvis triradiata t. sulcus, sulcus orbitalis. tiiradius (tri-ra'di-us) . The figure at the base of each finger in the palm, produced by rows of papillae running in three directions so as to form a triangle; Gallon's delta. trisaccharid, trisaccharide (tri-sak'kar-id) [G. tri-, three, -I- sakcharis, sugar.] A carbohydrate con- taining three saccharid groups plus a molecule of water (CnHjjOis); rafiinose is a member of this group. tri'salt. A salt each molecule of which contains three acid radicals with one atom of the base. tris'mic. Relating to or marked by trismus. tris'moid [G. irismos, trismus, -1- eidos, resemblance.] I. Resembling trismus. 2. Trismus nascentium, formerly regarded as a distinct variety due to pressure on the occiput during birth. trismus (triz'mus) [G. trismos, a creaking.] Lock- jaw, a firm closing of the jaw due to tonic spasm TRISMUS 1048 TROCHAR of the muscles of mastication from disease of the motor branch of the trigeminus ; usually associated with, and due to the same cause as, general tetanus, t. capistra'tus [L. capistrum, a muzzle], congenital adhesion of the cheeks to the gums, t. dolorif'icus, tic douloureux, t. nascen'tlum, t. neonato'rum, tetanus* neonatorum which usually begins with stiffness of the jaw muscles, t. sardon'icus, risus sardonicus. trisni'trate. Trinitrate. trisplanchnic (tri-splank'nik) [G. tri-, three, + splanchnon, viscus.] Relating to the three visceral cavities — skull, thorax, and abdomen. t. nerve, sympathetic nerve, see systema''^ nervorum sympathicum. triste'arin. Stearin. tristema'nia [L. tristis, sad, + G. mania, frenzy.] Melancholia. tristichia (tri-stik'I-ah) [G. tri-, three, + stichos, row.] The presence of three rows of eyelashes. trisub'stituted. In chemistry, having three hy- drogen atoms replaced by three other atoms or radicals. trisul'phide. A chemical compound containing in each molecule three atoms of sulphur and one of the other element. trisul'cate. Marked by three grooves. tritanopia (tri-tan-o'pl-ah) [G. tritos, third, + ano- pia.] Blue-blindness, blue being the third of the primary colors, red, green, and blue; see deuter- anopia and proianopia. triticeoglossus (tri-tis'e-o-glos'us) [L. triticeum + G. glossa, tongue.] Bochdalek's muscle, musculus* triticeoglossus. triticeous (tri-tis'e-us). Of the size of a grain of wheat, t. car'tilage, t. nod'ule, triticeum,* cartilago triticea [BNA]. triticeum (tri-tis'e-um) [L. triitceus, relating to iriticum, a grain of wheat.] Corpus triticeum, cartilago triticea [BNA], a small cartilaginous (sometimes bony) nodule often present in the hyothyroid membrane of the larynx. trit'icum [L. wheat, from terere, to thresh.] (U.S.) Couch-grass; the rhizome of Agropyron repens, witch-grass, quick-grass; diuretic in doses of 32 (8.0) in infusion, t. re'pens, triticum. tritocone (tri'to-kon) [G. tritos, third, + konos, cone.] The distobuccal cusp of an upper pre- molar tooth in a mammal. tritoconid (tri'to-kon'id). The distobuccal cusp of a lower premolar tooth in a mammal. trit'opine [G. tritos, third, + opion, opium.] An alkaloid derived from the mother liquor of mor- phine, CjjHj^NjO,, occurring in prismatic crystals or a white powder; its action resembles that of strychnine. tritotox'in. A hypothetical form of toxin in certain bacterial cultures, which has less afifinity for antitoxin than has deuterotoxin. tritox'ide. Trioxide. tritubercular (tri-tu-bur'ku-lar) [L. tri-, three, + tuberculum, tubercle.] Tricuspid, having three tubercles or cusps, as the second upper molar tooth, occasionally, and the third upper molar, usually. trlt'urable. Capable of being triturated. ttit'uiate [L. triturare.] i. To rub to a iine powder, specifically to powder a drug very fine and mix it thoroughly with a definite proportion of sugar of milk. 2. Trituratio. tablet t., a compressed tablet of a medicated powder rubbed up with sugar of milk. tritura'tio [L. triturare, to rub, grind, triturate.] Trituration, a term in homeopathic pharmacy. adopted by the U.S. P., to denote a powder pre- pared- by triturating together definite quantities of a medicinal substance and sugar of milk. In homeopathic pharmacy the triturations are in the proportion of one part of the drug to 9 parts of sugar of milk (decimal), or of 1 of the drug to 99 of sugar of milk (centesimal trituration) ; in the U.S. P. the general formula is 10 parts of the drug to 90 of sugar of milk. t. elateri'ni (U.S.), trituration of elaterin; elaterin 10 parts, sugar of milk 90; dose, gr. J-i (0.015-0.06). tritura'tion [L. -trituratio.] i. Trituratio. 2. The act of reducing a drug to a fine powder, and at the same time incorporating it thoroughly with sugar of milk, by rubbing the two together in a mortar. tritu'rlum. A vessel used to hold liquids of different densities, which rise to their respective levels and are then drawn off. tri'valence. The property of being trivalent. tri'valent [L. iri-(ires), three, -t- valere, to have power.] Having the conabining power of three atoms of hydrogen. tri'valve. Provided with three valves, as a specu- lum with three diverging blades. rizo'nal. Having, or arranged in, three zones or layers. Trocar and Cannula. tro'car [Fr. trois, three, + carre, side.] An instru- ment for withdrawing fluid from a cavity, or for use in paracentesis; it consists of a metal tube (cannula), open at both ends, in which fits a rod with a sharp three-cornered tip, which is with- drawn after the instrument has been pushed into the cavity. The term trocar is usually applied to the rod with sharpened tip alone, the entire instrument being designated trocar and cannula. troch. Abbreviation of L. trochiscus, troche. trochanter (tro-kan'ter) [G. origmally the head of the femur.] One of the bony prominences, developed from independent osseous centers, near the upper extremity of the femur; there are two in man, three in the horse, greater t., t. major, lesser t., t. minor, small t., t. minor third t., t. tertius, tuberositas glutsea. t. major [BNA], great t., a strong process at the upper and outer part of the shaft of the femur, over- hanging the root of the neck; it gives attachment to the gluteus medius, pyriformis, obturator internus, and gemelli muscles, t. minor [BNA], lesser t., a pyramidal process projecting from the inner and upper part of the shaft of the femur at the line of junction of the shaft and the neck; it receives the insertion of the psoas magnus and iliacus (ihopsoas) muscles, t. ter'tius [BNA], third t., an occasional process at the upper end of the outer lip of the linea aspera of the femur, about on a level with the small t., giving inser- tion to the greater part of the gluteus maximus muscle; gluteal tuberosity. trochanterian, trochanteric (tro-kan-te'ri-an, tro- kan-ter'ik). Relating to a trochanter, especially the trochanter major. trochantin (tro-kan'tin). Trochanter minor. tiochantinian (tro-kan-tin'J-an). Relating to the lesser trochanter. trochar (tro'car). Trocar. ^OCHE 1049 TROCHLEARIFORM 'he (trok, tro'ke) [G. trochos, a pill.] Lozenge, a ledicated disc intended to be dissolved in the louth, the contained drug acting locally upon tie mucous membrane of the mouth or throat; se trochiscus. ihin (tro'kin). The lesser tuberosity of the ead of the humerus, tuberculum minus [BNA]. jhinian (tr6-kin'I-an). Relating to the trochin. ihisci, gen. trochisco'rum (tro-kis'si). Plural of 'ochiscus;* troches, lozenges, pastils. t. ac'idi benzo'ici (Br.), benzoic acid lozenges, con- ain each gr. ^ (0.03) of benzoic acid in a fruit basis; sed for hoarseness. t. ac'idi carbol'ici (Br.), carbolic acid or phenol jzenges, contain each gr. i (0.06) in a tolu basis; used 1 stomatitis, t. ac'idi tan'nici (U.S., Br.), troches of tannic acid, annic acid lozenges, contain each gr. i (0.06) in sugar ■asis (U.S.), gr. ^ (0.03) in fruit basis (Br.) ; employed 2 relaxed condition of the uvula and pharynx. t. ammo'nii chlo'ridi (U.S.), troches of ammonium hloride,^ contain each gr. ij (o.i) of ammonium aloride in a tolu basis; used in chronic bronchitis. t. bismuth'i compos'iti (Br.), compound bismuth jzenges, contain each gr. 2 (0.13) of bismuth oxycar- lonate and of heavy magnesitmi carbonate and gr. 4 0.26) of precipitated calcium carbonate in a rose »asis; employed in gastric acidity and diarrhea. t. carbo'nis lig'ni (N.F.). charcoal tablets, containing ach about 5 grains of wood charcoal with sugar, anillin, and tragacanth. t. cafechu (Br.), catechu lozenges, t. gambir (U.S.), ontain each gr. i (0.06) in a simple (sugar) basis; used a relaxed conditions of the uvula and pharynx. t, cube'bsB (U.S.), troches of cubeb, contain each T. ■5' (0.02) of oleoresin of cubeb, flavored with oil of assafras and licorice, in a tolu basis; employed in ubacute laryngitis and pharyngitis. t. eucalyp'ti gum'mi (Br.), eucalyptus gum lozenges, ed gum lozenges, contain each gr. i (0.06) in a fruit lasis; used to relieve cough in laryngitis. t. fer'ri reduc'ti (Br.), reduced iron lozenges, con- ain each gr. i (0.06) in a simple (sugar) basis; used in nemia. t. gam'bir (N.F.), troches of gambir, t, catechu (Br. nd U.S. 1890), contain each gr. i (0.06) in a sugar lasis; used in relaxed conditions of the uvula and iharynx. t. glycyrrhi'zse et o'pii, troches of glycyrrhiza and pium, licorice and opium lozenges, Wistar's cough, azenges, contain each gr. 2^ (0.14) of extract of Hco- ice and gr. -h. (0.005) of opium in a sugar basis; used relieve cough in bronchitis and pharyngitis, t. guai'aci resi'nae (Br.), guaiacum resin lozenges, ontain each gr. 3 (0.2) in a fruit basis; used to loosen cough. t. ipecacuan'hge (Br,), ipecac lozenges, contain each r. i (o.ors) in a fruit basis; used in the dry stage of iryngitis or bronchitis, t. krame'riEB (Br,), troches of krameria, rhatany izenges, contain each gr. i (0.06) of extract of kra- leria in a sugar (U.S.) or fruit (Br.) basis; used in slaxed conditions of the uvula and pharynx. t. krame'rise et cocai'nse (Br,), krameria (rhatany) nd cocaine lozenges, contain each gr. i (0.06) of ex- ract of krameria and gr. aV (0.003) of cocaine hydro- hloride in a fruit basis; used in sore throat. t. men'thaB piperi'tae (N.F,), troches of peppermint; [1 of peppermint i, sugar 100, mucilage of tragacanth ) make 100 troches; dose, i troche. t. morphi'nse (Br.), morphine lozenges, contain each r. gV (0.0018) of morphine hydrochloride in a tolu asis; used to relieve bronchial and laryngeal cough. t. morphi'nse et ipecacuan'hee (Br,), morphine and pecac lozenges, contain each gr, 3^ (0.0018) of mor- hine hydrochloride and gr. -h (0,005) of ipecac in a olu basis; used to relieve cough in the dry stage of ironchitis. t. phenolphthalei'ni (N.F,), phenolphthalein troches ontaining each about one grain (o . 06) of phenol- hthalein, with sugar, vanillin, carmine, and acacia; ose, I troche. t. potas'sii chlora'tis (U,S., Br.), troches of potas- sium chlorate, potassium chlorate lozenges, contain each gr. 2^ (.0.14) in a sugar basis (U.S.), gr. 3 (0.2) in a rose basis (Br,) ; used in aphthous and other forms of stomatitis. t. quini'nse tanna'tis (N.F.), troches of (luinine tan- nate, containing each one grain (0.06) of quinine tan- nate, with cocoa, sugar, vanillin, oil of theobroma, sodium benzosulphinide, chloroform, and tragacanth; dose, I troche. t. santoni'ni (N.F., Br,), troches of santonin, san- tonin lozenges, contain each gr. ^ (0.03) (U.S.), gr. i (0.06) (Br.), in a simple (sugar) basis; anthelmintic, t. santoni'ni compos'iti (N.F.), compound santonin troches, santonin and calomel troches, containing \ grain each of santonin and calomel, flavored with cocoa, vanillin, and sugar; dose, i troche. t. so'dii bicarbona'tis (U.S., Br.), troches of sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate lozenges, contain each gr. 2f (0.18) flavored with nutmeg in a sugar basis (U.S.), gr. 3 (0.2) in a rose basis (Br.); employed in gastric acidity. t. sul'phuris (Br.), sulphur lozenges, contain each gr. 5 (0.3) of sulphur and gr. i (0.06) of acid potassium tartrate in a sugar basis; used in chronic diseases of the liver and intestines, and in skin and articular af- fections. t. sul'phuris et jotass'ii bitartra'tis (N.F.), troches of sulphur and potassium bitartrate, sulphur and cream of tartar troches, containing each S grains (o ,3) of sul- phur and I grain Co . 06) of cream of tartar, flavored with oil of orange and sugar; dose, i troche. t. ul'mi (N.F.), slippery elm troches, containing 3 grains (o . 2) of ulmus, flavored with methyl salicylate and sugar; dose, i troche. trochiscus, pi. trochisci (tro-kis'kus) [L. from G. trochiskos, a small disc] Troche, pastil, lozenge; a term used by the U.S. P. and B. P. to denote a solid, usually flattened, disc-like body, composed of a solidifying paste containing an astringent, antiseptic, or demulcent drug, with -which it is desired to treat locally the mouth or throat, the troche being held in the mouth imtil dissolved. The vehicle or base of the troche is usually sugar, made adhesive by admixture with acacia or tragacanth, fruit paste, made from black or red currants, confection of rose,-, or balsam of tolu, (For the official troches see under irockisci.') trochiter (trokl-ter.) The greater tuberosity of the humerus, tuberculum majus [BNA]; cf. trochin. trochiterian (trok-3f-te'rI-an). Relating to the trochiter. trochlea (trok'le-ah) [L. pulley.] i . A structure serving as a pulley. 2. A sniooth articular sur- face of bone upon which another glides. 3. [BNA] A fibrous loop in the orbit, near the internal angular process of the frontal bone, through which passes the tendon of the superior oblique muscle of the eye. t. fem'oris, the smooth ante- rior depression between the condyles of the femur; facies patellaris [BNA]. t. hu'meri [BNA], troch- lea or pulley of the humerus, the grooved sur- face at the lower end of the humerus articulating with the great sigmoid cavity of the ulna. t. labyrin'thi, cochlea, t. phalan'gis [BNA], pulley of the phalanx, the rotuided articular or condy- loid surface at the distal end of the first and sec- ond phalanx of each finger and toe. t. tali [BNA], pulley of the ankle-bone, the saddle-shaped ar- ticular surface of the ankle-bone articulating with the under surface of the tibia. trochlear (trok'le-ar). Relating to a trochlea, especially the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle of the eye. trochleariform (trok-le-ar'i-£orm) [L, irochlearis, relating to a pulley, -f- forma, form.] Troch-r leiform, pulley-shaped. TROCHLEARIS 1050 TROPHONOSIS trochlearis (trok-le-a'ris). i. Musculus obliquus su- perior. 2. Nervus trochlearis. trochleator (trok-le-a'tor). Nervus trochlearis. trochleiform (trok'le-i-form) [L. trochlea, pulley, + forma, form.] Trochlear; pulley-shaped, troch- leariform. trochocardia (trok-o-kar'dH-ah) [G. trochos, wheel, + kardia, heart.] A rotary displacement of the heart around its axis. trochocephalia, trochocephaly (trok-o-sS-fa'lI-ah, trok-o-sefa-lJ) [G. trochos, wheel, + kephale, head.] Roundheadedness ; a deformity of the skull due to premature partial ossification of the frontal suture, trochoid (tro'koyd) [G. trochos, wheel, + eidos, re- semblance.] Revolving, rotating; noting a re- volving or wheel-like articulation. trochoides (tro-ko-e'des). A lateral ginglymus, a rotary joint, such as the superior radioulnar or the atlantoepistrophic joint. trochorizocardia (tr6-kor"i-zo-kar'dJ-ah). Com- bined trochocardia and horizocardia. Troeltsch's cor'puscles (trelch) [Anton Friedrich Troeltsch, German otologist, 1829-1890.] Mi- nute spaces, resembling corj«iscles, between the radial fibers of the drum membrane of the ear. T.'b pock'ets or recess'es, two folds, anterior and posterior, in the mucous membrane covering the tympanic surface of the drum membrane, one on either side of the handle of the malleus; recessus membranae tympani anterior and pos- terior [BNA]. Troisier's ganglion (troah-ze-a') [Emile Troisier, French physician, *i844.] Supraclavicular can- cerous adenopathy, symptomatic of carcinoma of one of the thoracic or abdominal viscera Trolard's vein (tr6-lar') [Paulin Trolard, French anatomist in Algiers, contemporary.] An occa- sional anastomotic loop uniting the superficial Sylvian vein with the superior longitudinal sinus. troll'ey-buzz. Tinnitus aurium affecting motormen and conductors on noisy trolley-cars. troU'ey-eye. Conjunctivitis supposed to be due to brass poisoning contracted by motorman rubbing the eyes after continually handUng the brass handle of a brake; chaleitis. troll'ey-sickness. Carsickness. Trombid'ium. A genus of mites, many of which attack man, producing an eruption similar to that caused by the harvest-mites ; sometimes confused, and possibly icKntical, with Tetranychus. T. mus'cae domes'ticae, a parasite of the house-fly, employed in homeopathic therapeutics. trombid'ium [Trombidiuni, a genus of mites.] In homeopathic practice a trituration made from the parasitic red acarus of the fly, Trombidium muscce domestical; employed in the treatment of dysentery, especially when the symptoms are made worse by eating and drinking, in doses of the 6th to the 30th potency. Trom'mer's test [Trommer, German chemist, 1806- 1879.] For sugar in the urine; to the suspected urine, made alkaline with caustic potassa, in a test- tube a 10 per cent, copper sulphate solution is added drop by drop until the blue precipitate no longer dissolves on shaking; then the upper part of the fluid is heated carefully, and if grape sugar is present a yellowish red color of copper oxide appears. tromoma'nia [G. tromos, a trembling, -I- mama, frenzy.] Delirium tremens. tro'na. A native sodium carbonate. tropacocaine (tro-pah-ko'kah-en). Benzoyl-pseudo- tropeine an alkaloid obtained from Java coca leaves; a local anesthetic, but much less strongly mydriatic than cocaine; used in the form of t. hydrochloride, for intraspinal anesthesia and in ophthalmology and dentistry in 3 to 10 per cent, solutions. tropas'olin [G. tropaios, a change.] One of a group of sulphonic-acid orange dyes. tro'pate. A salt of tropic acid. tropein (tro'pe-in). A mydriatic alkaloid. trope'oUn. Tropaeolin. trophede'ma, trophoede'ma [G. trophe, nourishment, + oidema, swelling.] Chronic edema of the ex- tremities, not due to cardiac or renal disease. trophe'ma [G. trophe, nourishment, -t- haima, blood.] The nutrient blood of the uterine mucosa. troph'esy [G. trophe, notirishment.] The results of any disorder of the trophic nerves. troph'ic. Relating to or dependent upon nutrition. t. center, a nerve-center regulating nutrition, t. nerve, a nerve regulating the nutritive functions. t. neuro'sis, trophoneurosis. trophicity (triS-fisl-ty). A trophic influence or con- dition. trophism (trof'izm) [G. trophe, nourishment.] i. Trophicity. 2. Nutrition. tro'phoblast [G. trophe, nourishment, -I- blastos, germ.] ±. The characteristic tissue of the asex- nal generation in the development of the organism. 2. An epiblastic layer which has no part in the development of the embryo, or the outer layer of cells enveloping the morula in the cystic stage. trophoblasto'ma [trophoblast + G. -dmaJ] Chorio- epithelioma. trophoblas'tic. Relating to the trophoblast. trophochromid'ia [G. trophe, noiirishment, -I- chro- midia.] Non-germinal or vegetative extranuclear chromatin masses, found in certain protozoan forms. trophoderm (trof'o-durm) [G. trophe, nourishment, + derma, skin.] A layer of cells on the outer sur- face of the ectoderm in the mammalian blasto- dermic vesicle; it effects the implantation of the ovum, or attachment to the wall of the uterus, and dissolves the uterine tissues with which it comes in contact in order to supply nutrition to the embryo. trophodynamics (troph-o-di-nam'iks) [G. trophe, nourishment, -j- dynamis, power.] Nutritional energy; the dynamics of metabolism. trophoedema (trof-o-e-de'mah). Trophedema. tropholecithus (trof-o-lesl-thus) [G. trophe, nourish- ment, + lekithos, yolk.] The food-yolk, vitellus* nutritivus. trophol'ogy [G. trophe, nourishment, -f -logia.] The science of nutrition. trophoneuro'sis, pi. trophoneuro'ses (trof"o-nu-ro'- sis) [G. trophe, nourishment, -I- neuron, nerve, + -oiii.] A trophic disorder, such as atrophy, hypertrophy, or a skin eruption, occurring as a consequence of disease or injury of the trophic nerves of the part, dissem'inated t., sclero- derma, fa'cial t., facial hemiatrophy.* lin'- gual t., progressive lingual hemiatrophy.* muscular t., progressive muscular atrophy.* Rom'berg's t., facial t. trophoneurot'ic. Relating to a trophoneurosis. troph'onine. Trade name of a predigested food said to contain beef -albumin, the gluten of wheat, and the yolk of eggs. trophono'sis, trophon'osus [G. trophe, nourishment, + nosos, disease.] Any disorder of nutrition or metabolism or disease resulting therefrom. ^OPHONUCLEUS 1051 TRUNECEK'S SERUM phonucleus (trof-o-nu'kle-us) [G. trophe, lourishment.] The nucleus in protozoa which s concerned with the vegetative metabolic unctions, distinct from the gonad, or germ, lucleus; macronucleus. phopath'ia, trophop'athy [G. trophe, nourishment. f pathos, suffering.] i. A disorder of nutrition. i. A^ trophic disease, one due to excessive, leficient, or perverted nutrition, either local or [eneral; trophonosus. phoplasm (trof'o-plazm) [G. troplie, nourish- nent, + plasma, a thing formed.] The achro- natin or supposed formative substance of a ;eU. ph'oplast. A plastid.' phospongia (trlf-o-spun'ji-ah) [G. trophe, lourishment, a brood, + spongia, a sponge.] [. Certain chromatin-staining canalicular struc- ;ures described by Holmgren in the protoplasm )f intestinal epithelia and other cells, .i. A ayer of cells between the decidual membrane md the trophoblast. photax'is [G. trophe, nourishment, + taxis, irrangement.] Trophotropism. photherapy (trof-o-ther'S,-pi) [G. trophe, nour- shment, + therapeia, healing.] Dietetics; dieto- ;herapy, sitotherapy. phot'onus [G. trophe, nourishment, + ionos, ension.] Rigidity of muscular or other con- ractile tissue due to disordered nutrition. photropism (trof-ot'ro-pizm) [G. trophe, lourishment, + tropos, a turning.] Chemo- laxis of living cells in relation to nutritive naterial; it may be positive, toward, or negative, iway from, nutritive material. phozoite (trof-o-zo'it) [G. trophe, nourishment, + von, animal.] Schizont. photTop'ic. Relating to trophotropism. p'ic acid. An acid, C9H10O3, derived from .tropine by hydrolysis when it is treated with larium hydroxide. p'ical. Relating to the tropics, t. abscess, an .bscess of the liver occurring in residents in the ropics, ustially a sequel of dysentery, t. ane'- nia, anemia, or often simply a pallor without )lood changes, affecting natives of northern egions sojourning in the tropics, t. boil, oriental loil.* t. cachez'ia, a cachectic condition affect- ag residents in the tropics, associated or not with vident lesions of the liver, spleen, or other organs, ften a malarial cachexia, t. lichen, prickly heat, ichen tropicus, t. mask, chloasma bronzinum. , measles, a disease of uncertain character, omewhat resembling roetheln, occurring in outhern China, t. phagede'na, an atonic ulcer .ffecting residents in southern Asia. pidine. A decomposition product of atropine nd cocaine, an oily liquid, CgHuN, having the dor of coniine. pine. A crystalline substance, C3H] (NO derived rom atropine, together with tropic acid by ydrolysis with barium hydroxide. pism [G. trope, a turning.] The phenomenon bserved in living organisms of moving toward positive t.) or away from (negative t.) a focus of ght, heat, or other stimulus; taxis (3). )om'eter [G. trope, a turning, + meiron, measure.] iiiy instrument for measuring the degree of station or torsion, as of the eyeball, of the shaft f a long bone, etc. pen. Trade name of a special albuminous food reparation. usseau's disease' (troo-so') [Armand Trousseau, 'rench physician, 1801—1867.] *• Bonfil's disease. adenia, generalized hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands without hyperleucocytosis. 2 Gastric ver- tigo. T.'s diuret'ic wine, vinum digitalis composi- tum. T.'s point, a painful point, in neuralgia, at the spinous process of the vertebra below which arises the offending nerve. T.'s sign or symp'tom, return of the spasms in tetany on compression of the main vessel or nerve of the limb. T.'s spots, taches c&^brales. T.'s test, Mar^chal's* test. Trousseau-Lallemand bod'ies (troo-so'lal-mahn') Same as Lallemand's* bodies. troy weight. A system of weights, now used only by jewellers; the grain and the ounce are the same as those of apothecaries ' weight. true [A.S. treowe.'] Genuine, real, not false, t. pelvis, pelvis minor, t. rib, costa vera, see rib. truncal (trung'kal). Relating to the trunk of the body or to any arterial or nerve-trunk, etc. tnmcate (trung'kat) [L. truncare, to cut off.] Truncated, cut across at right angles to the long axis, or appearing to be so cut. trun'cus, gen. and pi. irunci [L. stem, trunk.] 1, The body, excluding the head and extremities; torso. 2. A primary nerve or blood-vessel before its division. 3. A large collecting lymphatic vessel, t. bronchiomediastina'Iis dex'ter [BNA], right bronchomediastinal trunk, a, lymphatic vessel arising from the union of the efferent lymphatics from the bronchial and mediastinal nodes of the right side, and discharging into the right lymphatic duct. t. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], trunk or body of the corpus callosum, the main arched portion of the corpus callosum. t. costo- cervica'lis [BNA], the beginning of the superior in- tercostal artery, regarded as an independent trunk giving off two branches — an ascending, cervicalis profunda, and a descending, intercos talis suprema. t. intestina'lis [BNA], intestinal lymphatic trunk, conveying lymph from the lower part of the liver, the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and small intestine; it discharges into the cisterna chyli. t. jugula'ris [BNA], jugular lymphatic trunk or duct, one on each side, conveying the lymph from the head and neck; that on the right side empties into the right lymphatic duct, that on the left into the thoracic duct. t. lumba'lis [BNA], lumbar lymphatic trunk, one of two lymphatic ducts conveying lymph' from the lower extremities, pelvic viscera and walls, large intestine, kidneys, and suprarenal capsules; they discharge into the cisterna chyli. t. lum"- bosacra'lis [BNA], a large nerve, formed by the union of the fifth lumbar and first sacral, with a branch from the fourth lumbar nerve, which enters into the formation of the sacral plexus. t. subcla'vius [BNA], subclavian lymphatic trunk or duct, formed by the union of the vessels draining the lymph-nodes of the left upper ex- tremity, emptying into the thoracic duct at the root of the neck. t. sympath'icus [B NA] , sympa- thetic trunk, see systema nervorum sympathicum. t. thyreocervlca'lis [BNA], thyroid axis; a short arterial trunk arising from the subclavian and dividing generally into three branches — thy- reoidea inferior, transversa colli, and transversa scapulae. Trunecek's serum (troo'net-sek) [C. Trunecek, Prague physician, *i86s.] A solution of alka- line salts in the relative proportions in which they exist in the blood, proposed for the treatment of arteriosclerosis; the formula is: sodium phos- phate, 0.15; sodium carbonate, 0.21; potassium sulphate, 0.40; sodium sulphate, 0.44; sodium chloride, 4.92; distilled water, 200; this is given TRUNECEK'S SERUM 1052 T.U. by hypodermic injection in doses of 54 (2.0), gradually increased to 5 'i (iO'°) daily. trunk [L. truncus.] i. The torso, the body exclusive of head and extremities. 2. The main stem of a tree from which thebranches arise. 3. The main stem of a blood-vessel, lymphatic, or nerve. truss [Fr, trousser, to tie up, to pack.] An instru- ment used to prevent the return of a reduced hernia or the increase in size of an irreducible hpmia; it consists of a pad for making pressure, so as to occlude the canal or opening in the ab- dominal wall; this is attached to a belt and is kept in place by a spring or a strap passing imder the perineum. trypaflavine (tri-pah-fla'ven) . An acridine dye, probably identical with acriflavine,* so called because of its therapeutic action in trypanosome infections. trypanide (tri'pan-ed) . Trypanosomide. trypanocide, trypanocidal (tri-pan'o-sid, tri-pan-o- si'dal) . Trypanosoraicide. Trypanoplas'ma [G. irypanon, auger, + plasma, anything formed.] A genus of flagellate Protozoa, the members of which have a body of varying shape with an undulating membrane and a flagellum projecting from either extremity; all the known forms are parasitic in the blood of fishes. Trypanosoma (tri-pan-o-so'mah) [G. irypanon, an auger, + soma, body.) A genus of flagellate Protozoa, the members of which have a spindle- shaped body with an undulating membrane on one side and a single flagellum. The try- panosomes are parasitic in the blood plasma of a vertebrate (only a few being pathogenic) and as a rule have an intermediate host, an invertebrate animal, in which the sexual cycle occurs. The pathogenic forms cause sleeping- sickness in man and a number of diseases in animals. T. bru'cei, the parasite of nagana or tsetse fly disease. T. dimor'phon, the patho- genic parasite of Gambian horse disease. T. equi'num, the parasite of mal de caderas. T. equiper'dum, the parasite of dourine. T. ev'ansi, the parasite of surra. T. gambien'se, the parasite of sleeping-sickness. T. hipp'- icum, the parasite of murrina. T. ino- pina'tum, a species found in the blood of a frog. T. lew'isi, a non-pathogenic parasite in the blood of rats. T. luis, the supposed female sexual form of Treponema pallidum-. T. noc'- tuas, a. species fovmd in the blood of the owl, the intermediate host being Culex pipiens. T. san'- guinis, the earliest discovered species, having been found in the blood of the frog in 1843. T. thei'leri, causes galziekte (gall-sickness) in cattle. T. uganden'se, T. gambiense. T. vitta'tae, a species in the blood of the tortoise. Trypanosomat'ida. An order of Zoomastigophora, embracing elongated forms with undulating membrane and one or two flagella, one of which runs along the edge of the undulating membrane ; the members of this order are, so far as loiown, parasitic. trjrpanosome (tri'pan-o-sSm). Any protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma; all of them, so far as known, are parasitic in the blood of vertebrates, though not all are pathogenic, t. fever,' sleeping- sickness. trypanosomiasis (tri-pan-o-so-mi'a-sis). Any disease caused by a trypanosome. African t., sleeping sickness. South Amer'ican t., Chagas' or Chagas-Cruz disease, caused by Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi, which is transmitted from the sick to the well by the bedbug, Lamus megistus; in its acute form the disease resembles polyorrhoraeningitis, Pic- chini's* syndrome ; in its chronic form it assumes several aspects — cardiac, nervous, or myxedem- atous, according t^ the predominating symp- toms; the chronic form may also be interrupted by acute exacerbations. trypanosomicide (tri-pan-o-so'mi-sJd) [trypano- soma + L. cadere to kill.] 1. Destructive to trypanosomata. 2. An agent which kills trypan- osomes. trypanosomide (tri-pan'o-so-med) [from trypano- some after the analogy of syphilide.] A skin lesion occurring in relation with any disease caused by a trypanosome. try'pan-red. A brownish red powder derived from benzopurpurine by the action of sulphuric acid; it is employed in gastric ulcer and as a remedy, either curative or prophylactic, for trypano- somiasis, in doses of 'gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). tryparo'san. Chlorinated parafuchsin, employed in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. trype'sis [G. boring.] Trephining, tiyp'sin [G. tripsis, a rubbing, referring to the mode of preparation by trituration.] The protein- splitting ferment of the pancreas, it differs from pepsin in that it acts better in a slightly alkaline medium such as it finds in the intestine. It is used in medicine in cases of intestinal indigestion in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0) in keratin coated pills or capsules ; it is also used to peptonize milk, and as a solvent of diphtheritic membrane, and has been given by hypodermic injection in con- nection with amylopsin in the treatment of cancer. trypsin'ogen, tryp'sogen [trypsin + G. genesis, source.] A substance secreted by the pancreas which is converted into trypsin by the action of enterokinase. tryp'tic. Relating to trjrpsin, as tryptic digestion. tryp'tone. A modified albumin, analogous to pep- tone, produced by the action of trypsin on a protein. tryptone'mia, tiyptonse'inia. The presence of tryp- tone in the blood. tryp'tophan [trypsin + G. phanos, bright.] Indol alpha-amino-propionic acid, a product of the digestion of protein by trypsin; it is chromo- genic, producing a violet color with chlorine or bromine solution, t. test, for cancer of the stomach ; a test meal of bread and sweet- ened water or an ordinary meal, without coffee or other dark matter, is withdrawn at the end of an hour, filtered, and tested with bromine water for tryptophan; the presence of the latter indi- cates cancer. T.S. Abbreviation of test solution.* tset'se [S. African native name.] Tsetse-fly, a dipterous insect of the genus Glossina,* the intermediate host, or at least the transmitter, of the pathogenic trypanosomes of sleeping- sickness and nagana. t.-f. disease', (i) sleeping sickness; (2) nagana. Tsu'ga [Jap. evergreen.] A genus of coniferous trees, the hemlocks. T. canaden'sis, the hem- lock-spruce, the source of pix canadensis, Canada pitch. tsutsugamu'shi disease' [Jap. mushi, bug.] Japanese* river fever. T. tet'anase [<=tetanizing.] v. Behring's term for the constituent of tetanus toxin which excites the tetanic spasm. T.U. Abbreviation for toxic unit.* i°S3 TUBERCULATION Tsetse Fly, To treat by means of the cool bath, a, gen., and pi. iubte [L. a straight trumpet.] tube, or a tube-like structure or canal, t. :us'tica, t. auditiva. t. auditi'va [BNA], aiidi- iry tube, Eustachian tube, a tube leading from le tympanic cavity to the isopharynx; it consists of 1 osseous (posteroexternal) Drtion at the tympanic end, id a fibrocartilaginous (an- irointemal) portion at the liaryngeal end; where the to portions join, in the ;gion of the sphenopetrosal isure, is the narrowest por- on of the tube, the isthmus. eustachia'na, t. Eusta'- lii, Eustachian tube, tuba iditiva [BNA]. t. fallopia'na, t. Fallo'pii, allopian tube, tuba uterina [BNA]. t. uteri'na BNA], oviduct. Fallopian tube, salpinx, one of le tubes, leading on either side from the fundus E the uterus to the upper or outer extremity of le ovary. age. The introduction of a tube into a canal; itubation of the larynx. al. Relating to a tube, especially the Fallo- ian tube, or oviduct. ba, tub'bse. Crab-yaws; yaws, or frambcesia, at- icking the soles of the feet or palms of the ands. ! [L. tubus. 1 1. A hollow cylinder or pipe. a. canal or tubtilar organ, tuba, tubule, air t., le trachea, or a bronchus or any of its branches jnveying air to the lungs. Bellini's t., Crookes' , O'Dwyer's t., etc., see the proper names. ir'diac t., the primitive heart in the embryo insisting in a simple tube which becomes bent pon itself and finally broadens out into pouches •hich become the auricles (atria) and ventricles ; le original tube is believed to persist as a band i fibers constituting the auriculoventricular undle.* cor'neal t., a tube-like artefact be- iveen the lamellae of the cornea, drain'age t., rain (2). feeding t., a flexible tube passed irough the esophagus into the stomach, through ■hich liquid food is poured, intuba'tion t., I'Dwyer's* t. med'ullary t., the primitive eural canal in the embryo from which are eveloped the brain and spinal cord, neu'ral , medullary t. otopharyn'geal t.. Eustachian ,, tuba* auditiva [BNA]. ova'rian t., see flueger's* tubes, stomach t., a flexible tube assed into the stomach for use in- lavage r in forcible feeding, test t., see test-tube. •acheot'omy t., a curved silver tube used to eep the opening free after tracheotomy, u'ter- le t., Fallopian t., tuba* uterina [BNA]. ler, pi. tu'bera [L.] 1. A localized swelling, a nob. 2. A subterranean enlargement of the ranches of the rhizome of certain plants, such 5 the potato. 3. Tuber cinereum. t. annula're, ons Varolii, t. ante'rius, t. cinereum. t. ilca'nei [BNA], calcanean tuber, the posterior xtremity of the calcaneus, or os calcis, forming le projection of the heel. t. calcis, t. calcanei. can'dicans, pi. tu'bera candican'iia, corpus Ibicans. t. cine'reum [BNA], ashen (gray) aber, a small slightly raised area of gray matter 1 the interpeduncular space between the corpora lamillaria and the optic chasm, t. coch'leae, romontorium (2). t. cor'poris callo'si, splen- mi corporis callosi. t. dorsa'Ie, t. vermis [BNA]. Eusta'chii, see Eustachian, t. fronta'le [BNA], frontal tuber, frontal eminence; the most prom- inent portion of the forehead on either side. t. ischiad'icum [BNA], sciatic tuber, tuberosity of the ischium; a rough pyriform mass at the angle formed by the two rami of the ischium, giving attachment to the semiihembranosus and the biceps and semitendinosus muscles, t. maxil- la're [BNA], maxillary tuberosity; the bulging lower extremity of the posterior surface of the body of the maxilla, behind the root of the wis- dom tooth, t. olfacto'rium, tuberculum olfac- torium. t. omenta'le, a projection on the under surface of the left lobe • of the liver to the right of the gastric impression; it is so called because the lesser omentum is in front of it. t. omenta'le [BNA], a prominence at the junction of the neck and body of the pancreas, which projects against the small omentum when the stomach is dis- tended, t. parieta'le [B NA] , parietal tuber, pari- etal eminence, a prominent portion of the pari- etal bone, a little above the center of its exter- nal surface, usually corresponding to the point of maximum width of the head. t. ra'dii, tuberosi- tas radii, t. ver'mis [B NA], tuber of the vermis, tuber valvulae, the posterior division of the in- ferior vermis of the cerebellitm. t. zygomat'- icum, a slight prominence near the origin of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. tu'bercle [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber, a swelling.] I. A circumscribed, rounded, solid elevation on the skin, mucous membrane, or surface of an organ. 2. The lesion of tuberculosis, consisting of a small isolated nodule or aggregation of nodules, formed of epithelioid and giant cells, which are prone to undergo caseation. 3. Same as tuberculosis. 4. A slight elevation from the surface of a bone giving attachment to a muscle or ligament ; tuberosity. 5. In dentistry, a cusp. [For the anatomical tubercles, see tuberculum.l anatomical t., verruca necrogenica, lupus* verrucosus (2), post-mortem wart.* carot'id t., a slight projection on the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra, dissec'tion t., post-mortem wart.* fi'brous t., one in which there is a marked increase in the connective- tissue reticulum, showing an attempt at cure. hy'aline t., the early stage of coagulation necro- sis, marked by hyaline degeneration of the reticulum of the t. la'bial t., tuberculum labiale, the slight projection on the free edge of the cen- ter of the upper lip. pearl'y t., milium, prim'- itive t., one of the clusters of cells of which the ordinary t. (lesion of tuberculosis) is composed. retic'ulated t., the ordinary lesion of tubercu- losis, tubercle (2). seba'ceous t., milium, t. bacil'lus, Bacillus tuberculosis. Zuck'erkandl's t., nasal tonsil.* tuber'cula. Plural of tuberculum. t. den'tis [BNA], the cusps or tubercles of the crow of an molar or premolar tooth, t. doloro'sa, mul- tiple cutaneous myomata or neuromata, painful on pressure. tubei'cular. 1. Relating to or marked by tubercles or nodules on the skin or in the tissues, tubercu- lated, nodular. 2. Tuberculous.* t. lep'rosy, see under leprosy, t. syph'ilide, cutaneous gummata. tuberculase (tu-bur'ku-laz). An extract of tubercle bacilli employed by v. Behring as an immunizing substance against bovine tuberculosis; see v. Behring's tuberculin.* tuber'culate, tuber'culated. Tubercular, nodular. tubercula'tion. i. The formation of tubercles or nodules, z. The arrangement of tubercles or nodules in a part. TUBERCULIDE 1054 TUBERCULOMA tuberculide (tu-bur'ku-lgd) [Fr.] A lesion of the skin due to the action of the toxins of tuberculosis. tubercuUgenous (tu-bur-ku-lij'e-nus) [L. tuber- culum, tubercle, + G. gennao, I give origin to.] Causing or predisposing to tuberculosis. tuber'culin. A preparation made from cultures of the tubercle bacillus, employed as a means of diagnosis and in the treatment, by active immun- ization, of tuberculosis. alkaline t., TA, an extract of triturated tubercle bacilli, obtained by treatment with a decinorraal solution of caustic soda. bac'illary emursion* BE; new tuberculin in which the pulverized bacilli are not removed by centrifuga- tion, but are allowed to settle as much as they will, after which the supernatant fluid is mixed with equal parts of glycerin. V. Behr'ing's^ (i) an extract made by the treatment of tubercle bacilli with chloral hydrate and alcohol is called tuherculase; the process is very complicated ; the preparation is now recommended solely for the immu- nizing treatment of tuberculous cattle; (2) tulase is a somewhat similar preparation obtained by treating tubercle bacilli with chlorides; it is employed by v. Behring in the prevention of tuberculosis in children, being given in milk. Beran'eck*s t,, this is prepared by adding to the extracellular toxins, obtained from a bouillon culture of the tubercle bacillus, the intracellular toxins extracted from the protoplasm of the bacilli by phosphoric acid. bouillon' ei'trate, bouillon' filtr€. BF; this is practically the same as non-concentrated old t. (TO), that is, TO of ^ strength; a similar preparation is made by the manufacturers of Koch's tuberculins, and called by them TO A (^tuberculin original alt) . Buch'ner's t., tuberculoplasmin, a preparation made by triturating dried tubercle bacilli with sand, and expressing under hydraulic pressure. Calmette's' t.,purifiedt.,TP [tubercuUn precipitation]; prepared by precipitating old t. with 94 per cent, alco- hol, washing, dissolving in water, and filtering; this is again precipitated with alcohol, washed, and dried; it ia prepared in tablets or in aqueous solution, and is used in testing for tuberculosis by means of Calmette's ophthalmoreaction. Denys* t., see bouillon filtrate in this table. en'dotin» Koch's TO treated with xylol, ether, chloroform, and alcohol to free it from admixture with albuminous and other inert substances. Hirsch'f elder's t., oxytuberculin; a preparation is made by treating old tuberculin with peroxide of hydrogen, on the theory that toxins are converted into antitoxins by oxidation. Klebs' t., (i) Klebs' first preparation was obtained from old tuberculin by treatment with alcohol and bismuth, in order to remove certain injurious sub- stances; to this preparation, he gave the name tubercu- locidin; (2) by treatment of the fluid portion of a tubercle-bacillus culture with sodium-bismuth-iodide in acetic acid and absolute alcohol, Klebs obtained a still purer preparation, called aniiphthisin; (3) for use in mixed infections, Klebs made a preparation from a culture of Diplococcus semilunaris, which he called selenin. Klem'perer's t., PTO [Ger. perlsuckt-tuberculin original], a tuberculin prepared, in the same way as Koch's old tuberculin (TOA), from cultures of bovine tubercle bacilli. Koch's t., see new (., old t., alkaline t., bacillary emuU sion, and bouillon filtrate in this table. Land'mann's t., tuberculol, a preparation made from very virulent cultures by fractional extraction with water, physiological salt solution, and diluted glycerin, under gradually increasing temperature; it is said to contain all the toxic principles existing in the tubercle bacilli. Maraglia'no's t., aqueous t. containing all the water- soluble extracts of the tubercle bacillus. new t., Koch, TR, residual tuberculin; an emulsion is made of finely triturated tubercle bacilli in distilled water or physiological salt solution, which on centri- fugation separates into an upper translucent fluid layer (TO, tuberculin ober) and a muddy sediment (TR, tuberculin rest); the latter is dried, again tri- turated, emulsified, and centrifugated, and this process is repeated until only an opalescent fluid is obtained; glycerin is now added in quantity to make a 20 per cent, solution which is then ready for use; this is intended to immunize against the bacilli. old t., Koch, TO [Ger. tuberculin original]; a pure culture of tubercle bacilli in 5 per cent, glycerin bouil- lon, from 4 to 6 weeks old, is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated by heat to A its volume ; it contains only the soluble bacterial products, and whatever immunity it confers is against the toxins only, not the bacilli. Ro'senbach t., a t. obtained by the biochemical action of a trichophyton (T. holosericum album) upon a culture of tubercle bacilli, V. Ruck's t., tubercle bacilli are filtered out of a rapidly growing and virulent culture, dried, powdered, and extracted with ether; the extract is again dried, powdered, and extracted with distilled water. Speng'ler's t., (i) a preparation made from the bacilli of bovine tuberculosis, recommended on the ground that its immunizing properties are equal to those of preparations made from cultures of the bacilli of hu- man tuberculosis, while it is much less dangerous. (2) IK (Ger. immun-korper); a preparation made from the blood -corpuscles of animals immunized against both human and bovine tubercle bacilli, the claim be- ing made that the immunizing substances, or anti- bodies, in tuberculosis are in the blood-cells and not in the serum. Thamm's t.* tuberculoalbumin, a preparation similar to v. Behring's tuberculase. tuber' culo-tozoi' din, a clear brown liquid, made by washing a culture of tubercle bacilli and treating with strong sulphuric acid to remove the endotoxin; the preparation is then dissolved in a large amount of water and the precipitate is collected and dried; this is dissolved in a weak alkaline solution, in the pro- portion of 0.5:100.0. It is claimed that the prepara- tion is without toxic action, but possesses strong immunizing properties. vac'uum t., VT old tuberculin reduced in a vacuum to one-tenth its original volume. tuber'culme, A ptomaine derived from cultures of the tubercle bacillus. tubercuUn'ic acid. An acid derived from cultures ^ of the tubercle bacillus. tuberculiniza'tion. Treatment of tuberciilosis by tuberculin, tuber'culinose, A variety of tuberculin. tuberculi'num. A homeopathic trittiration of dried tuberculous sputuxn. tubercuUtis (tu-bur-ku-li'(le')tis) [L. iuherculum, tubercule, 4- G. -itis.J Inflammation of any tubercle. tuberculiza'tion, r. The formation of tubercles. 2. Tuberculinization. tuberculoalbumin (tu-bur"ku-lo-al-bu'min) . A tuberculin made by Thamm, which is similar in several respects to tuberculase. tuberculocele (tu-bur'ku-lo-sel) [tuberculosis + G. kele, tumor, hernia.] Tuberculosis of the testicle.. tuberculo'cidin [bacillus tuberculosis + ccedere, to kill.] Klebs* tuberculin.* tuberculoderma (tu-bur"ku-lo-dur''mah) [tuberculosis + G. derma, skin.] Tuberculide. tuberculofl'broid. Noting fibroid degeneration of tubercle. tuber'culoid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling tuberculosis, or tubercle. tuberculoid'in. Old tuberculin treated with alcohol to clear it of glycerin; see Calmette's tuberculin* tuber'culol, A powdered extract made from viru- lent cultures of tubercle bacilli ; Landmann's tuberculin.* tuberculo'ma, tuber'culome. i. A tuberculous abscess. 2. Any neoplasm of tuberculous origin. 3ERCULOMANIA IOS5 TUBERCULUM rculomania (tu-bur"ku-lo-ma'm-ah) [tuber- losis + G. mania, madness.] An un- inded but unalterable conviction that one suffering from tuberculosis; phthisiomania. xulomucin (tu-bur"ku-lo-mu'sin). A mucin- :e substance obtained from old glycerin-pep- le-bouillon cultures of the tubercle bacillus, im which the zooglea scum has been removed ery three weeks during a period of about ^ear; it is claimed by Weleminsky of Prague, its icoverer, to have prophylactic and curative operties in tuberculosis, especially of the glands d skin. rculomy'ces. A group including all the varie- s of tubercle bacilli — ^human, bovine, etc. r"culo-opson'ic in'dex. The opsonic* index in lation to tuberculous infection. rculophotla [tuberculosis + G. phobos, fear.] 1 unreasonable fear of tuberculosis or of associ- ion in any degree with a sufferer from that sease ; phthisiophobia. rculoplas'min. A tuberculin made by expres- m from tubercle bacilli; see Buchner's iubercu- i* rculo'samine. An amine found in cultures of e tubercle bacillus. rculo'sis (L. tuberculum, tubercle, + G. -osis.] lymatiosis; a specific disease caused by the esence of Bacillus tuberculosis; it may affect most any tissue or organ of the body, the most mmon seats of the disease being the lungs and e joints; the anatomical lesion is the tubercle; causes a breaking down of the affected tissues .th suppuration, and is usually complicated .th a streptococcal infection. The local symip- ms vary according to the part affected; the neral symptoms are those of sepsis — hectic ver, sweats, and emaciation, acute' t., acute iliary t., a rapidly fatal disease due to the neral dissemination of tubercle bacilli, result- g in the formation of miliary tubercles in irious organs and tissues, and producing symp- ms of profound toxemia, atten'uated t., a ild chronic form, marked by caseous tubercles the skin and the occurrence of cold abscesses. rism t., t. affecting birds, bo'vine t., t. of cattle, :arl disease [Ger. perlsuchi], grapes, dermal t., cutis, dissem'inated t., acute miliary t. gen'- al t., miliary t. lymphat'ic t., scrofula, lym'- loid t., a form in which there is a diffuse embry- lal cell infiltration instead of the ordinary tuber- ;. mil'iary t., a general dissemination of tuber- 5 bacilli with the production of countless minute screte tubercles in various organs and tissues. len t., pulmonary t., tuberculous ulceration, or her form in which the bacilli are cast out of e body in the excretions, pul'monaiy t., t. the lungs, phthisis, consumption, sur'gical t. of the bones or joints, t. conclama'ta \L. nclamare, to cry aloud], pronounced, fully iveloped, unmistakable tuberculosis, t. cu'tis, :berculide, tuberculoderma. t. cu'tis orificia'- !, t. cutis vera. t. cu'tis prurigino'sa, urticaria irstans, a form of urticaria in which the wheals ;rsist and are the seat of constant itching, t. I'tis ve'ra, miliary t. of the skin, occurring in .e form of superficial ulcers, covered with red- sh yellow granulations, t. ulcero'sa, t- cutis ira. t. verruco'sa cu'tis, lupus verrucosus. rculotox'in. Any of the toxins, intracellular ■ extracellular, of the tubercle bacillus. rculotoxoid'in. See under tuberculin. xculother'apist. A physician who makes a jecial study of the treatment of tuberculosis. tuberculother'apy [G. therapeia, treatment.] x. Treatment of tuberculosis. 2. An attempt at an immunizing treatment of tuberculosis by feeding with the raw flesh of tuberculous cattle. tuber'culous. Relating to or affected by tuberculo- sis. It is the better practice, following the anal- ogy of the Latin terminations -aris and -osus, to restrict the term tubercular to conditions marked by the presence of (non-specific) tubercles or nodules, reserving tuberculous for conditions marked by an infiltration of (specific) tubercle; thus we may speak of tubercular, or nodular, leprosy, and tuberculous disease of the skin, or lupus. tuber'culum, pi. tuber'cula [L. dim. of iuber.'\ A tubercle or nodule, especially in an anatomical, not pathological, sense. t. acus'ticum [BNA], the dorsal nucleus of the cochlear nerve, a pyriform mass on the restis. t. annula're, pons Varolii. t. ante'rius (atlan'tis) [BNA], anterior tubercle of the atlas, a conical protuberance on the anterior sur- face of the arch of the atlas. t. ante'rius (thal'ami) [BNA], anterior tubercle of the thalamus, the prominent anterior extremity of the thalamus which projects into the lateral ventricle. t. arthrificum, Heberden's nodule or any gouty concretion in or around a joint. t. articula're [BNA], articular eminence of the zygo- matic process of the temporal bone which bounds the glenoid or mandibular fossa anteriorly; it forms the anterior root of the zygoma. t. auric'ulae (Dar'wini) [BNA], Darwinian tubercle of the auricle, t. superius, a small projection from the upper end of the posterior portion of the helix; when the helix is not incurved the tubercle projects posteriorly and slightly upward as in the macaque. t. carot'icam [BNA], carotid or Chassaignac*s tuber- cle: the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 'sixth cervical vertebra, against which the carotid artery may be compressed by the finger. t. cine'reum [BNA], ashen or gray tubercle, the bul- bous extremity in the medulla ar. Relating to the ulna, or to any of the ;ructuTes (artery, nerve, etc.) named from it. I're. Os triquetrum [BNA]. iris (ul-nah'ris) [L.] Ulnar; relating to the Ina or to any structures named from it; see nder arteria and musculus. en [G. en, in.] Relating to the tdna independent E other structures. icar'pal. Relating to the ulna and the carpus, r to the ulnar side of the wrist. )ra'dial. Relating to both ulna and radius, oting the two articulations, ligaments, etc. ;ace (u-lok'S-se) [G. oulon, gum, + kake, adness.] Ulcerative inflammation of the urns. larcino'ma [G. oulon, gum.] Carcinoma of the ums lermatitis (u-lo-der-ma-ti'(te')tis) [G. oule, scar, - derma, skin, + -itis.l Inflammation of the an resulting in destruction of tissue and the irmation of cicatrices. ;lossitis (u"lo-glos-i'(e')tis) [G. oulon, gum, + lossa, tongue, + -His.\ Inflammation of both urns and tongue, gingivoglossitis, stomatitis. id [G. oule, scar, + eidos, resemblance.] i. [.esembling a scar. 2. A scar-like lesion due to a egenerative process in the deeper layers of the kin. ulon'cus [G. oulon, gum, + onkos, tumor.] Any tumor of the gtmis ; epulis, parulis. ulorrha'gia [G. oulon, gum, + regnymi, I burst forth.] Bleeding from the gums, ulaemorrhagia. ulorrhe'a, ulorrhoe'a [G. oulon, gum, -I- rhoia, a flow.] Oozing of blood or any fluid from the gums. ulo'sis [G. oule, scar.] Cicatrization. ulot'ic [G oule, scax.J Cicatricial; causing cicatriza- tion. ulotrichous (u-lot'rik-us) [G. oulotrichos, curly- haired.] Having short curly hair, like the negro ; opposed to Uotrichous ul'sanin [L. ulcus, ulcer, + sanare, to heal.] Trade name of a compound of iodine and boric acid (hydro-iodoborate), employed in the treatment of ulceration in the larynx and elsewhere. ul'timate [L. uliimus, last.] Final, the last of a series, u. anal'ysis, see analysis. ultimister'nal. Relating to the xiphoid cartilage or lowest segment of the stemiun. ul'timum mo'riens [L. the last thing dying.] 1. The upper portion of the trapezius which often escapes involvement in progressive muscular atrophy. 2. The right atrium of the heart, said to contract after the rest of the heart is still. ultra- [L. beyond.] A prefix denoting excess or exaggeration, or beyond. ultrabrachycephalic (ul-tra-brak-I-sS-fal'ik). Not- ing an extremely short skull, one with a cerebral index of at least 90°. ultradoUchocephalic (ul-tra-dol-1-ko-se-fal'ik) Not- ing a very long skull, one with a, cephalic index of less than 65°. ultrafilter (ul'trah-fil"tur) [L. ultra, beyond.] A sac-like membrane of coUodion, fish-bladder, or filter-paper impregnated with jels of varying condensation (in proportion to which the permeability of the filter varies); used in the ultrafiltration* of colloids. ultrafiltratldn (ul"trah-fil-tra'shun) {L. ultra, beyond.] Filtration through a jelly filter or any ultrafilter which serves to separate colloid solutions from crystalloids and to separate par- ticles of different size in a colloid mixture from each other. ultragas'eous state. The condition in which radiant* matter exists. ultraliga'tion [ultra, beyond ] Ligation of a blood- vessel beyond the point where a branch is given off. ultramicron, ultramicrone (ul"trah-mi'kron, ul"- trah-mi'kr5n) . A term applied to both ami- crons and submicrons. ultrami'croscope, A microscope which renders visible, by means of diffraction produced by side illumination, objects too small to be visible otherwise under the most powerful microscope. ultramicroscop'ic [L. ultra, beyond, + microscopic. Too small to be visible tmder the most powerful microscope. ultraquinine (ul-trah-kwi'nin, ul-trah-kwJ-nen'). Homoquinine. ultrared'. Infrared, noting the heat rays beyond the red end of the spectrum. ultravi'olet. Noting the actinic or chemical rays beyond the violet end of the spectrum. ultromotiv'ity [L. ultra, on one 's own part.] Power of spontaneous movement. Ultz'mann's test [Robert Ultzmann, German chem- ist, 1842-1889.] To the suspected fluid one adds a 30 per cent, caustic potassa solution and then hydrochloric acid; if it contains bile pigments the fluid will assume a bright green color. ululation (u-lu-la'shun) [L. ululare,toho-w\..] The inarticulate crying of hysterical or insanepersons. ULYPTOL 1066 UNDULAJSTT ulyp'tol. Trade name of an antiseptic mixture of salicylic acid, carbolic acid, and eucalyptol. um'bel [L. umbella, a sunshade.] In botany, a form of inflorescence in which the flower-stems all spring from one point, radiating like the ribs of an umbrella. umbell'ic acid. A yellow amorphous substance derived from umbelliferon by the action of caustic potash. umbelliferon A crystalline substance, C,H,0,, obtained from galbanum and other gum-resins. Umbellula'ria califor'nica. California laurel, the leaves of which are useu in neuralgia and nervous diarrhea in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.0). The leaves also furnish an oil, used for the same pur- poses in doses of 1152-5 (o. 13-0.3). umber [L. umbra, shade, or Umbria, a province in Italy where it was first obtained.] A brownish yellow pigment, a natural earth containing manganese and iron oxide. umbil'ical. Relating to the umbilicus, u. cord, funiculus umbilicalis [BNA]. u. duct, omphalo- mesenteric* duct. u. fissure, u. fossa, fossa vense umbilicalis [BNA]. u. notch, incisura um- bilicalis [BNA]. u. stalk, u. duct. u. ves'icle, see vesicle. umbil'icate, umbil'icated [L. umbilicatus.] Of navel shape, pit-like, dimpled. umbilica'tion. i. A pit or naval-like depression. .£. The formation of a depression at the apex of a vesicle or pustule. umbili'cus [L. a round pebble, navel.] The pit in the center of the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered in the fqtus; the navel, "belly button." um'bo, gen. umbo'nis, pi. umbo^nes [L. prominence or boss.] jL. A projecting point on a surface. 2. The depression on the external surface (pro- jection on the tympanic surface) of the mem- brana tympani caused by the pull of the manu- brium of the malleus, umbo membranee tympani [BNA]. um'bonate [L. umbo, boss of a shield, knob.] Marked by a knob, noting a form of surface elevation of a bacterial culture; see cut under culture A, 7. umbras'copy [L. umbra, shadow, + G. skoped, I view.] Skiascopy. umstimmung (oom'stim-moong) [Ger. umstinmten, to give a different tune.] Neisser's term for a condition of irritability of the skin in syphilitics in which a slight traumatism will excite an abnormally severe reaction. Una'ka Springs, Tennessee. The waters are reported to contain, iron and sulphate of magnesia.. Four springs. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, chronic dysentery, and other complaints. unbal'ance. Imbalance. Unca'ria [L. uncus, a hook.] A genus of plants of the order Rubiacece, U. acida, TJ, gambir, are sources of gambir, the latter the principal one. ua'cia [L.] An ounce. un'clform [L. uncus, hook, -I- forma, form.] Hook- shaped, u. bone, os hamatum [BNA]. unciforme (un-si-for'me) [L.] Unciform bone, os* hamatum [BNA]. un'cinal. Uncinate, hooked. Uncina'ria [L. uncinus, a hook.] A genus of Nema- toda, the members of which are parasitic in the duodenum where they attach themselves to the mucous membrane, sucking the blood and caus- ing a state of anemia and mental and physical inertia. The eggs are passed with the feces and the larvae' develop in moist soil; they enter the body of man through the skin of the feet and ankles, possibly also in the drinking water, and reach maturity in the intestine. tr. america'na, new-world hookworm, present in the southern United States, Cuba, Porto Rico, and probably elsewhere in tropical America; it is shorter and more slender than U. duodenaUs, and has semilunar chitinous plates instead of the hook- like teeth. U. duodena'lis, Ancylostoma duo- denale, old-world hookworm ; a reddish cylindrical worm 8 mm. (male) to 18 mm. (female) in length, and about 0.5 mm. in diameter; in the oral cavity are four hook-like teeth on the ventral surface and two on the dorsal surface, and at the base of the oral cavity one tooth on the dor- sal surface and two chitinous lamellae on the ventral surface. uncinari'asis. Ancylostomiasis, dochmiasis, hook- worm disease, Egyptian chlorosis, tunnel-anemia, miners' anemia, brickmakers' anemia, mountain- anemia; pronoimced anemia with mental and physical inertia due to the presence of Uncinaria in the intestine, u. cu'tis, ground itch, circum- scribed inflammation of the skin, chiefly of the feet, caused by invasion of the larvae of Uncinaria duodenalis. un'cinate [L. uncinatus.'] Hooked, hook-shaped. uncina'tum. Unciform bone, os* hamatum [BNA]. un'cipressure [L uncus, hook, + pressura, pressure.] Arrest of hemorrhage from a cut artery by pres- sure with a blunt hook. uncom'plemented. Not imited with complement and therefore inactive, noting interbodies or amboceptors. unconscious (un-kon'shus). Not conscious, in- sensible, u. cerebra'tion, subconsciousness. uncoossifled (un-ko-os'1-fid). Not coossified, not united into one bone. unction (unk'shun) [L. unciio; ungere, to anoint.] The action of anointing, or smearing with an ointment or oil. unctuous (unk'chu-us). Greasy, oily. unc'ture. Ointment, imguent. un'cus [L. a hook.] Any hook-shaped process or structure; specifically, the hooked extremity of the hippocampal convolution, u. gy'ii fomica'ti, u. gyri hippocampi, u. gy'ri hippocam'pi [BNA], hook of the hippocampal convolution, the curved anterior extremity of the hippocampal gyrus, lying on the under surface of the brain just behind the substantia perforata anterior. un'dercut. A shelf or depression from the general surface of a tooth-cavity made for the purpose of anchoring a filling. un'derhom. Comu inferius of the lateral ventricle of the brain. underhung', underjawed (un-der-jawd'). Having a prominent lower jaw. Un'derwood Spring, Maine. Neutral waters. Used by drinking in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, the uric acid diathesis, gallstones, and irritability of the urinary organs. undescen'ded. Not descended, noting a testicle which is retained within the abdomen. un'dine [L. undina a water-sprite.] ' A small glass flask used in irrigation of the conjunctiva, and in cataract extraction. un'dertoe. A displacement of the great toe be- neath the second toe. un'dulant [L. unda, a wave.] Waving, rising and falling or moving to and fro with a wave-like motion, u. fever [referring to the wavy appear- ance of the long temperature curve], Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Mediterranean fever, Neapoli- tan fever; a specific fever of long duration due to ?^DULANT 1067 UNGUENTUM the presence of Micrococcus meliiensis: it has no distinctive pathology, but is marked clinically by repeated febrile paroxysms a week or more in diira- tion, attended with enlargement of the spleen, profuse sweating, and painful swelling of the joints, separated by intervals of normal or nearly Qormal temperature, u. membrane, the delicate lateral membranous expansion of trypanosomes and spirochetes. 'dulate. Having an irregular wavy border, noting the shape of a bacterial colony; see illus- tration under colony. 'dulating. Waving, wave-like, undulant. dula'tion [L. unda, wave.] A wave-like move- ment, fluctuation. g. Abbreviation of L. unguentum, ointment. gual (ung'gwal) [L. unguis, nail.] Relating to a nail or the nails, unguinal. u. phalanx, the terminal phalanx of each of the fingers and toes. u. tuberosity, tuberositas unguicularis; the spatula-like extremity of the terminal pha- lanx of each of the fingers and toes, which supports the nail. 'guent [L. unguentum.'] Ointment, salve. 'guentine. Trade name of an antiseptic oint- ment, containing phenol, ichthyol, and alum in petrolatum. guen'tum, gen. unguen'ti, pi. ungueWta [L ] i. Ointment salve; an unctuous preparation, with which a medicinal agent may be intimately Incorporated, solid or semisolid at ordinary tem- peratures, but liquefied at the temperature of the skin. Ointments are used, according to the vehicle employed or the medicinal agent incor- porated therewith, as simple protectives, as agents in the treatment of skin diseases, or as a means of systemic medication by absorption through the skin. The usual bases for ointments are petrolatumand hard paraffin (non-absorbable) , lard, wax, oil, and spermaceti, alone or mixed In various proportions (for ointments to act upon the skin only), and lanolin (absorbable and used for systemic medication). 2. (U.S.) u. simplex, simple ointment; white wax 200, benzoinated lard Soo ; used as an emollient and protective applica- tion, and as a base for remedies intended for local application. u, ac'idi bo'rici (U.S.. Br.), ointment of boric acid; boric acid 100, paraffin 100, white petrolatum 800 [US.); boric acid i, paraffin ointment 9 (Br.); used in bums and abrasions. u. ac'idi carborici (Br.), carbolic acid or phenol sintment, u. phenolis (U.S.); carbolic acid i, glycerin 3, white paraffin ointment 21; used in burns and superficial wounds. u. ac'idi salicyl'lci (Br.), salicylic acid ointment; salicylic acid 10, paraffin ointment 490; used in certain skin diseases. u. ac'idi tan'nici (U.S.), ointment of tannic acid; tannic acid 20, glycerin 20, ointment 60; application :or hemorrhoids and ulcers. u. aconiti'nae (Br.), aconitine ointment; aconitine ro, oleic acid 80, lard 410; used especially in supra- orbital neuralgia. u. aq'use ro'sse (U.S., Br.), ointment of rose water, :old cream; spermaceti 125, white wax 120, expressed 3il of almond 560, sodium borate 5. stronger rose prater 190 (U.S.); white wax and spermaceti each li aunces, almond oil 9 ounces, rose water 7 fluidounces, Dil of rose 8 minims (Br.); soothing and protective application. u. atropi'nfie (Br.), atropine ointment; atropine 10, oleic acid 40, lard 450; used locally as an anodyne in neuralgia. u. beUadon'nge (U.S , Br.), belladonna ointment; extract of belladonna leaves 10, diluted alcohol 5, hydrous wool-fat 20, benzoinated lard 63 (U.S.) ; liquid extract of belladonna 2, evaporated to i and then mixed with benzoinated lard 2 J (Br.); anodyne appli- cation. u. calami' nse (N.F.), calamine ointment, Turner's cerate; prepared calamine j., unguentum (U.S.) $', astringent and protective. u. campho'^rffi (N.F.), u. camphora'tum, camphor ointment; camphor 22 in a mixture of lard and white wax 78; stimulating. u. canthar'idis (Br,), ointment of cantharides, cantharidal ointment; cantharides i, benzoinated lard 10; rubefacient. u. cap'sici (Br.), capsicum ointment; capsicum 120 grains, spermaceti 60 grains, olive oil i ounce; rube- facient. u. chrysarobi'ni (U.S., Br.), chrysarobin ointment; chrysarobin 6, benzoinated lard 95 (U.S.) ; chrysarobin 20, benzoinated lard 480 (Br.); employed in psoriasis and other affections of the skin. u. cocai'nse (Br.), cocaine ointment; cocaine 20, oleic acid 80, lard 400; employed locally in painful conditions of superficial structures. u. coni'i (Br.), conium ointment; conium juice z, evaporated to \ and mixed with hydrous wool fat f ; employed for the relief of superficial pains. u. creoso'ti (Br.), creosote ointment; creosote 1, soft paraffin 5, hard paraffin 4; applied to chilblains, indolent ulcers, and various skin diseases. u. creoso'ti salicyla'tum exten'sum, creosote-sali- cylic acid salve mull, muUa *creosoti salicylata (N.P.). u. diach'ylon (U.S.), diachylon ointment, Hebra's lead ointment ; lead plaster 50, oil of lavender flowers i , olive oil 49 ; employed in eczema and hyperidrosis. u. eucalyp'ti (Br.), eucalyptus ointment; oil of eu- calyptus I, hard paraffin 4, white soft paraffin 5; ap- plied to indolent ulcers and in various skin diseases. u. exten'sum, salve mull, steatinum, inulla*CN.P.). u. fus'cum (N.F.), brown ointment, mother's salve; camphorated brown plaster 2 , olive oil i , suet i ; dis- cutient. u. gal'lEE (U.S., Br.), nutgall ointment, ointment of galls; nutgall 20, ointment 80 (U.S.); nutgall i, ben- zoinated lard 4 (Br.) ; employed as a local astringent. u. gal'lse cum o'pio (Br.), ointment of galls and opium; opium 75, ointment of galls 925; used as a local astringent in painful conditions, such as hemor- rhoids. u. hamamel'idis (Br.), ointment of hamamelis, witch hazel ointment; liquid extract of hamamelis i, hydrous wool-fat 2^; a soothing apnlication. u. hydrar'gyri (U.S., Br.), mercurial ointment; triturate mercury 500, oleate of mercury 20, prepared suet 23o,benzoinated lard 250 (U.S.) ;triturate together I lb. of mercury, i lb. of lard, and 1 oz. of suet (Br.) employed by inunction in syphilis. u. hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti (U.S., Br.), ointment of ammoniated mercury, white precipitate ointment; ammoniated mercury 10, white petrolatum 50, hy- drous wool-fat 40 (U.S.); ammoniated mercury i, paraffin ointment 9 (Br.); applied in chronic skin diseases and in tubercular syphilides. u. hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi corrosi'vi exten'sum, corro- sive mercuric chloride salve mull, mulla* hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi (N.F.). u. hydrar'gyri compos'itum (Br.), compound oint- ment of mercury; mercurial ointment 10, yellow wax 6, olive oil 6, camphor 3; used by inunction in syphilis. u. hydrar'gyri dilu'tum (U.S.), diluted mercurial ointment, blue ointment; mercurial ointment 670, pe- trolatum 330; used for the same purposes as mercurial ointment. u. hydrar'gyri io'didi ru'bri (Br.), ointment of red iodide of mercury; mercuric iodide 20, benzoinated lard 480; applied to syphilitic and tuberculous ulcers. u. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis (U.S. , Br.) , ointment of mercuric nitrate, citrine ointment; mercury 70, nitric acid 175, anhydrous lard 760 (U.S.); mercury i, nitric acid 3, lard 4, olive oil 7 (Br.); a stimulating applica- tion in chronic skin diseases. u. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis dilu'tum (Br.), diluted oint- ment of mercuric nitrate, diluted citrine ointment; citrine ointment i, soft paraffin 4. UNGUENTUM 1068 UNIBASAL u. hydrar'gyri olea'tis (Br.), oleate of mercury oint- ment; oleate of mercury i, benzoinated lard 3; used for the same purposes as mercurial ointment. u. hydrar'gyri ox'idi fla'vi (U.S., Br.), ointment of yellow mercuric oxide; yellow mercuric oxide 10, distilled water 10, hydrous wool-fat 40, petrolatum 40 (U.S.); yellow mercuric oxide 10, soft paraffin 490 (Br.); applied diluted to blepharitis, sties, etc. u. hydrar'gyri ox'idi ru'bri (N.F., Br.), ointment of red mercuric oxide, red precipitate ointment; red mer- curic oxide 10, distilled water 10, hydrous wool-fat 40, petrolatum 40 (U.S.); red mercuric oxide i, paraffin ointment aj ; used in the treatment of indolent ulcers. u, hydrar'gyri subchlor'idi (Br.), mercurous chloride ointment, calomel ointment; mercurous chloride i, benzoinated lard 2I; applied in certain skin diseases. u. io'di (U.S., Br.), iodine ointment; iodine 4, potassium iodide 4, glycerin 12, benzoinated lard 80; employed in chilblains and in the treatment of glandu- lar enlargements. u. iodofor'mi (U.S., Br.), iodoform ointment; iodo- form 10, lard 90 (U.S.); iodoform J, paraffin ointment 2I (Br.) ; employed for the same purposes as iodoform in powder. u. ma'tris* mother's salve, u. fuscum (N.F.). u. mylab'ridis (B.A.), mylabris ointment, resembles u. cantharidis in preparation and use. u. myrobal'ani (B.A.), myrobalan ointment; m,yro- balan i, benzoinated lard 4; used for the same purposes as ointment of galls. u. myrobarani cum o'pio (B.A.), same as the pre- ceding with the addition of opium 7-5 per cent.; same uses as u. gallge cum opio. u. paraffi'ni (Br.), paraffin ointment; hard paraffin 3, soft paraffin 7; employed as a protective and as a base for medicated ointments. u. pheno'lis (U.S.), phenol ointment, u. acidi car- bolici (Br.); phenol 3, white petrolatum 97; employed in wounds, bums, etc. u. pi'cis compos'ltum (N.F.), compound tar oint- ment; oil of tar 4, tincture of benzoin z, zinc oxide 3, in a mixture of cottonseed oil, lard , and yellow wax 9 1 ; antiseptic and antipruritic. u. pi'cis liq'uidse (U.S., Br.), tar ointment; tar 500, yellow wax 125, lard 375 (U.S.); tar s, yellow wax 2 (Br.) ; employed in psoriasis, eczema, and ringworm. u. plum'bi aceta'tis (Br.), lead acetate ointment; lead acetate 20, white paraffin ointment 480; an as- tringent application in burns, chilblains, etc. u. plum'bi carbona'tis (Br.), lead carbonate oint- ment, white lead ointment; lead carbonate i, white paraffin ointment 2 J ; a soothing application to burns and superficial inflammations. u. plum'bi io'didi (N.F., Br.), lead iodide ointment; lead iodide i, yellow paraffin ointment 2} (Br.); lead iodide 10, benzoinated lard 90 (N.F.); a stimulating application to indolent ulcers. u. potas'ii io'didi (N.F., Br.), ointment of potassium iodide; potassium iodide 10, sodium thiosulphate 7, water 9, benzoinated lard 80 (N.F.); potassium iodide 50, potassium carbonate 3, distilled water 47, benzoin- ated lard 400 (Br.); employed as an application to enlarged glands. u. resi'nsB (Br.), resin or rosin ointment, ceratum resinae (U.S.); resin 4, yellow beeswax 4, lard 3, olive oil 4; a stimulating application to indolent ulcers and chilblains. u. resorcino'lis compos'itum (N.F.) compound resor- cinol ointment, "soothing ointment;" resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate, and rectified oil of birch tar, of each 6; yellow wax, 10; petrolatum, 25; anhy- drous wool fat, 28; glycerin, 13; astringent and anti- septic. u. salicyla'tum exten'sum, salicylic acid salve mull, mulla* acidi salicylic! (N.F.). u. sim'plex, simple ointment, unguentum (2).* u. staphisa'grise (Br.), stavesacre ointment; staves- acre seeds 2 , yellow wax i , benzoinated lard 84 ; employed as a parasiticide. u. stramo'nii (U.S.), stramonium ointment; extract of stramonium 10, diluted alcohol 5, hydrous wool- fat 20, benzoinated lard 65; employed to relieve the pain of hemorrhoids, fissures, etc. u. Bul'phuris (U.S., Br.), sulphur ointment; washed sulphur 150, benzoinated lard 850 (U.S.); sublimed sulphur I , benzoinated lard 4 ( Br.) ; employed in the treatment of scabies. u. sulphu'ris alkali'num (N.F.), alkaline sulphur oint- ment; sublimed sulphur 20, potassium carbonate 10, water S, benzoinated lard 65. u. sul'phuris compos'itum (N.F.), compound sulphur ointment, Wilkinson's ointment, Hebra's itch oint- ment; precipitated calcium carbonate 10, sublimed sulphur 15, oil of cade 15. soft soap and lard each 30; employed in scabies and as an antiseptic and anti- pruritic in eczema. u. sul'phuris io'didi (Br.), ointment of iodide of sulphur; sulphur iodide 20, glycerin 20, benzoinated lard 460; employed in the treatment of certain chronic skin diseases. u. veratri'nse (N.F., Br.), veratrine ointment; vera- trine 4, expressed oil of almond 6, benzoinated lard 90 (U.S.); veratrine 10, oleic acid 40, lard 450 (Br.); em- ployed externally in neuralgia. u. zin'ci (Br.), zinc ointment, u. zinci oxidi (U.S.) zinc oxide 3, benzoinated lard 17; protective agent in burns and raw surfaces. u. zin'ci exten'sum, zinc salve mull, mulla *2inci (N.F.). u. zin'ci olea'tis (Br.), zinc oleate ointment; pre- cipitated zinc oleate i, white soft paraffin i ; used in the treatment of eczenaa. u. zin'ci ox'idi (U.S.) , ointment of zinc oxide, u. zinci (Br.); zinc oxide 200, benzoinated lard 800; used as a soothing mildly astringent application in skin diseases, burns, and abrasions. u^ zin'ci steara'tis (N.F.), ointment of zinc stearate; zinc stearate 50, white petrolatum 50; employed as a mildly astringent protective in skin affections. Unguicula'ta. [L. unguiculus, nail or claw.] A class or division of Mammalia^ including all having nails or claws, as distinguished from the Ungulata. unguic'ulate. i. Having nails. :£. Having claws. as distinguished from hoofs. unguic'ulus [L. dim. of unguis, nail.] A small nail or claw. un'guinal. Relating to a nail or the nails, ungual. un'guis, gen. un'guis, pi. un'gues [L.] i. Onyx, nail, one of the thin, homy, transparent plates covering the dorsal surface of the distal end of each terminal phalanx of fingers and toes. A nail consists of corpus or body, the visible part, and radix or root at the proximal end concealed under a fold of skin. The under part of the nail is formed from the stratum germinativum and mucosum of the epidermis, the free surface from the stratum lucidum, the thin cuticular fold overlapping the lunxila representing the stratum comeum. 2. Os imguis, the lacrymal bone, os lacrimale [BNA]. 3. Hippocampus minor, calcar avis [BNA]. 4. A collection of pus in the cornea, onyx, hypopyon, u. a'vis, u. Hall'eri, calcar avis [BNA], un'gula [L. a claw.] i. Hoof of the horse, ox, etc. 2. An instrument used for the extraction of a dead fetus from the uterus. Ungula'ta [L. ungula, hoof.] A class or division of the Mammalia, containing the animals with hoofs as distinguished from the Unguiculata* unhealthful (un-helth'f661). Unwholesome, insalu- brious, injurious to health. unhealthy (un-hel'thi). Unsound, not well, morbid, inclined to be ill. uni- [L. unus, one.] A prefix denoting one, single, not paired; equivalent to the Greek prefix mono-. uniarticular (u-nl-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. unus, one, + articulus, joint.] Monarthric, relating to a sin- gle joint. uniax'ial. Having but one axis; growing chiefly in one direction. uniba'sal. Having but one base. nCAMERATE 1069 UNIVALENT cam'erate [L. unus, one, + camera, chamber.] laving but one cavity, unilocular. cell'ular [L. unus, one, + cellula, a cell.] Com- losed of but one cell, as the protozoans. cen'tral. Having a single center, as of growth ir of ossification. cep'tor [unus, one, + capere, to take.] A_ eceptor which has only a haptophore group or a laptophore and a, zymophore group, but no :omplementophile group. icism (u'ni-sizm) [L. unus, one.] The doctrine lormerly held by many that there was but one renereal poison, at least that chancroid and the syphilitic chancre were due to the same virus; apposed to dualism. licomous. Having but one horn, or comu. licom [L. unus, one, + comu, horn.] XJnicomous laving a single horn or comu. u. root, aletris. 1. u'terus, a tmilaterally developed uterus in ifhich one comu is imperfectly formed. icus'pid [L. unus, one, + cuspis, point.] i. Provided with but one cusp, as a canine tooth. 2. 3ne of the canine or incisor teeth which have but Dne cusp. icus'pidate. Unicuspid. ifamil'ial [L. unus, one, + familia, family.] Relating to or occurring in a single family; noting especially a nervous disease attacking several of the children in the same family in which no hereditary taint is apparent. iflagellate (u-nl-flaj'el-at). Having but one flagellum. ifo'iate [L. unus, one, + foratus; forare, to pierce.] Having but one foramen, pore, or opening of any kind. liform [L. unus, one, + forma, form.] i. Having but one form, not variable in form. 2. Of the same form or shape as another structure or object. iger'minal [L. unus, one, + germen, bud, germ.] Relating to a single germ or ovum. iglan'dular. Involving, relating to, or con- taining but one gland. igrav'ida [L. unus, one, + gravida, pregnant.] A woman who is pregnant for the first time. ilam'inar, unilam'inate. Having but one layer or lamina. ilat'eral [L. unus, one, + latus (later-), side.] Confined to one side only. ilo'bar. Having but one lobe. iloc'ular [L. unus, one, + loculus, compartment.] Having but one compartment, unicamerate. inuclear, uninucleate (u-ni-nu'kle-ar, u-ni- nu'kle-at). Having but one nucleus. iocular (u-ni-ok'u-lar). [L. unus, one, + oculus, eye.] i. Relating to one eye only. 2. Having but one eye, one-eyed. ion (un'yun) [L. unus, one.] 1. The joining or amalgamation of two or more bodies; adhesion or growing together. 2. The stmctural adhesion or growing together of the edges of a wound, u. by first inten'tion, etc., see intention, vic'ious u., union of the ends of a broken bone in such a way as to cause a deformity, or a crooked limb. ioval, uniovular (u-ni-o'val, u-nl-ov'u-lar). Re- lating to or formed from a single ovum. lip'ara [L. unus, one, + para, from parere, to bring forth.] A woman who has borne but one child. ipar'iens. Uniparous. lip'arous. i. Giving birth to one young at a time. 2. Noting a unipara. lipen'nate [L. unus, one, -I- penna, feather.] Having a. feather arrangement on one side; resembling one-half of a feather, u. muscle, a muscle with a lateral tendon to which the fibers nm obliquely, giving a resemblance to one lateral half of a feather. unipolar [L. unus, one, -I- polus, pole.] Having but one pole, noting a nerve-cell in which the branches project from one side only. unisep'tate. Having but one septum or partition. unisex'ual. Relating to or having one sex only. u'nit [L. unus, one.] i. One, a. single person or thing. 2. A standard of measure, weight, or any other quality, by multiplications or fractions of which a scale or system is formed, alezin'ic u., the minimum amount of alexinic serum necessary to dissolve a determined volume of red blood corpuscles in the presence of an excess of hemolytic serum, ambocep'tor u., the smallest quantity of amboceptor in the presence of which a definite quantity of red blood cells will be dissolved by an excess of complement, an'- tigen u., the smallest amount of antigen which will fix one complement unit so as absolutely to inhibit hemolysis, antitox'ic u., immunizing u. antiven'ene u., the amount of antivenene which, injected into the ear vein, will protect one gram weight of rabbit against a fatal dose of snake venom. C.G.S. u., any unit in the centimeter- gram-second system, com'plement u., the smallest amount of complement which will cause solution of a definite quantity of red blood cells in the presence of an amboceptor unit. elec'trical u., see ampere, coulomb, dyne, erg, farad, joule, ohm, volt, watt, weber. Hamp'son. u., see Hampson. hemolyt'ic u., the quantity of inactivated immune serum, which, complement, being present, will cause complete hemolysis in. I c.c. of a 5 per cent, emulsion of washed red. blood-corpuscles, im'munizing u., the amount of antitoxin which will exactly neutralize 100 toxic units. Kien'boeck u., see Kienboeck. Ma'che d., see Mache. tox'ic u., the minimal dose of a toxin which will kill a standard guinea- pig (one weighing about 250 grams) in three or four days. u. of char'acter, in heredity a char- acter which is inherited as a whole and cannot be divided, ti. of force, dyne. u. of heat, in the metric system, calory, or the amount necessary to raise a kilogram of water from o" to i°C.; in the English system the pound-de- gree, or the amount necessary to raise a pound of water from a temperature of 50° to one of si°F. u. of length, in the metric system, meter; in the C.G.S. system, centimeter; in the English sys- tem it is variable; the inch for short distances, the foot for moderate distances and for eleva- tion, and the mile for long distances, u. of light, candle-power, u. of radioactiv'ity, see Curie. Hampson, Kienboeck, Mache, and uranium u. u. of weight, in the English system the pound, in the metric system the gram, ura'nium u., a. unit for the measurement of radioactivity, that, of uranium being taken as 1. urotoxic u., see urotoxic. unita'rian. Unitary, a. the'ory, Bordet's theory that the serum of each animal contains but one alexin or complement although the alexins oi different species of animals differ. u'nitary. Relating to a unit, tmitarian. univalence (u-niv'a-lens, u-ni-va'lens) . A va- lence of one, the state of being univalent. univalent (u-niv'a-lent, u-ni-va'lent) [L. unus, one, -f- valere, to have power.] Having the combining power of an atom of hydrogen. UNNA'S DISEASE 1070 URANOSCHISM Unna's disease' (oon'nah) [Paul Unna, German der- matologist, *i85o.] Seborrheic eczema. TJ.'s lay'er, stratum granulosum (i). U.'s mulls, salvemuU, mulla(N.F.). U.'s paste, (i) soft zinc paste, pasta* zinoi mollis; (2) sulphurated zinc paste, pasta* zinci sulphurata. U.'s pencil, stilus dilubilis. Unna's plas'ma cell (oon'nah). A histioid cell with basophil cytoplasm occurring in inflammatory exudates; fibroblast. Unna-Taenzer stain (oon'nah-tent'ser). An orcein stain for fibroelastic tissues. unnerve (un-nurv'). In veterinary practice to exsect a nerve or a tendon. unofficial (un-8-fish'al). Not listed in the pharma- copeia. unor'ganized. i. Inorganic, z. Without definite structure 3. Not provided with organs. unorienta'tion. Disorientation. unrest'. Inquietude ; instability ; nervousness. peristal'tic u., a spasmodic irregularity of the movements of the stomach or intestine. unsat'urated. Not saturated; noting a solution in which the menstruum is capable of dissolving more of the ■solid; noting also a chemical com- pound in which all the affinities are not satisfied, so that still other atoms or radicals may be added to it. Unschuld's sign (oou'shoolt). [Paulus Unschuld, German physician, *i835.] Frequent cramps in the calves of the legs, occurring in diabetes. unsez'. To castrate, to deprive of the ovaries. unsoimd'. Unhealthy, morbid, defective unstri'ated. Without striations, not striped, noting the structure of the smooth or involuntary muscles. ununi'ted. Not united or knit, noting an unhealed fracture. Unverricht's disease' (oon'fer-rikht) [Heinrich Un- verrichl, German physician, 1853— 191 2.] Thom- sen's disease, myotonia* congenita. unwell', i. Slightly ill, indisposed. ■^. Menstruat- ing. unwholesome (un-hol'sum). Unhealthful. u'pas [Malay, poison.] tixi arrow poison from the sap of Anti.aris ioxicaria and other trees of the Philippines and the coast of southern Asia. Upper Red Boiling Springs, Tennessee. Muriated- calcic-sulphureted waters containing carbonic acid gas. Used by drinking and bathing in the uric acid diathesis, gravel, renal calculi, disorders of the kidneys and bladder, rheumatism, and diseases of women. Upper Soda Springs, California. Alkaline-saline- carbonated waters. Used by drinking in acid dyspepsia, flatulence, irritability of kidneys and bladder, gravel, calculi, and the uric-acid diathe- sis. upsiloid (up'sit-loyd). Hypsiloid. urachal (u'rS-kal). Relating to the urachus, noting a fold of peritoneum enveloping the urachus, and a fossa alongside the fold just above Poupart's ligament, the fossa inguinalis interna. urachus (u'ra-kus) [G. ourachos.'] The portion of the allantois which lies within the body of the fetus, forming in postuterine life the ligamentum umbilicale medium. uracil (u'ri-sil). A pyrimidine base, C4H4N2O2, derived from various nucleic acids; it occurs in the form of acicular crystals arranged in rosettes. uracra'sia [G. ouron, urine, + akrasia, ill mixture, incontinence,] i. A condition of foulness of the urine, 2. Incontinence of urine, enuresis. uracratla (u-ra-kra'she-ah) [G. ouron, urine, + akrateia, incontinence.] Uracrasia (2). urs'mia. Uremia. uragogue (u'ra-gog) [G. ouron, urine, -t- agogos, draw- ing forth.] Diuretic. u'ral, u'ralin, ura'lium. Chloral-urethane. uramidoacetic acid (u-raln"i-do-S-se'tic as'id). Gly- coluric acid, hydantoic* acid. u'ramil. A crystalline body, C4H5N3O3, derived from alloxantin, uric acid,' and other allied substances. uramil'ic acid. Dialuramic acid, CgH9Nj07, derived from uramil by treating with sulphuric acid. uramine (u-ram'en) . 1. Guanidine. ij. One of the trade names of hexamethylenamina. uranal'ysis [G. ouron, urine, -I- analysis."] Analysis of the urine. uran'idine. A yellow animal pigment. u'ranin. Sodium-fluorescein, a yellowish brown powder, employed in solution in the diagnosis of corneal ulcer and as a test of death; about an hour after the injection of gr. 15 (i . o) thesclerotic will acquire a greenish color if life is still present. uraninite (u-ran'in-it). Pitchblende. uraniscochasma (u-ran-is"ko-kaz'mah) [G. ouranis- kos, roof of the mouth, + chasma, chasm.] Cleft palate, uranoschisis. uranisconitis (u-ran-is"kon-i'(e')tis) [G. ouraniskos, roof of the mouth, -f- -iiis.l Inflammation of the palate. uranis'coplasty [G. ouramskos, roof of the mouth, -f- plasso, I form,] Uranoplasty, uraniscorrhaphy, staphyloplasty, staphylorrhaphy, operation for cleft palate. uraniscorrhaphy (u-ran-is-kor'rS,-fi) [G. ouraniskos, roof of the mouth, -I- rhaphe, suture.] Uran- iscoplasty, staphylorrhaphy. uranis'cus [G. ouraniskos, roof of the mouth.] Palate. u'ranism [G. Ouranos, a sexual pervert among the gods, the husband of his mother, the father of monsters, and from whose dismembered arm, cast into the sea, sprang Aphrodite without mother.] Unnatta-al sexual relations between men ; umism. u'ranist. Umist, uming, one who practises uranism. ura'nium [named from the planet Uranus.] A metallic element, symbol U, atomic weight 238.5, occurring mainly in pitchblende from which it was first isolated by Klaproth in 1789; a hard heavy metal of gray or black color, feebly radio- active, u. II, an element (?) closely associated with uranium, atomic weight 234; its disintegra- tion product is u. X which gives off beta and feeble gamma rays; its disintegration product is sup- posed to be ionium. There is said to be a u. Y, but little is known of it. u. u'nit, a unit for the measurement of radioactivity, that of tu'anium being taken as 1. u. ni'trate, ura'nii ni'tras (U.S.), occurring as light yellow prismatic crys- tals, radioactive, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; it has been employed in dose of gr. i (o . 01) in the treatment of diabetes; in animal experi- ments, given in large doses, it causes glycosuria. uranoplas'tic. Relating to uranoplasty. u'ranoplasty [G. ouranos, palate, + plasso, I form ] An operation for the closure of a cleft palate; for synonyms, see uraniscoplasty. uranople'gia [G. ouranos, palate, + plege, stroke.] Paralysis of the muscles of the soft palate. uranor'rhaphy. Uraniscorrhaphy. uranoschisis (u-ran-os'kl-sis) [G. ouranos, roof of the mouth, -1- schisis, fissure.] Cleft palate, uranis- chochasma, uranoschism. uranoschism (u-ran'o-sizm) [G. ouranos, roof of the mouth, 4- schisma, cleft.] Cleft palate. ANOSTAPHYLOPLASTY 1071 URETERECTASIA nostaph'yloplasty[G. ouranos, palate, + staphyle, /uJa, + plasso, I form.] Repair of a cleft of >th hard and soft palate. lostaphylorrhaphy (u"ran-o-staf-il-or'ra-fi) [G. iranos, palate, + staphyle, uvula, + rhaphe, Lture.] Uranostaphyloplasty. nyl. Uranous oxide UOj, a divalent group or .dical which forms salts with acids, taking the ace of two hydrogen atoms in the combination. ac'etate, a. uranium salt occurring as yellow- h rhombic crystals soluble in water; has been led locally in coryza. u. ni'trate, a uranium It, occurring in greenish yellow prismatic ystals soluble in water; it has been used in abetes in doses of gr. i-J (0.01-0.015). i (u-rah're). Curare. o'ma [G. ouron, urine, + aroma, spice.] A licy, aromatic odor of the urine, thritis (u"rar-thri'(thre')tis) [uric acid + G. ■tkron, joint, + -iiis.] Gouty inflammation of joint. ie (u'raz). Urease. iep'tine. Trade name of a mixture of several rinary antiseptics. sin. A ferment derived from urea. sol. Acetyl-methylene-disalicylic acid; a yel- wish white powder, insoluble in water; used muscular rheumatism and cystitis in doses of •. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). te. A salt of uric acid, so'dium u., the sub- ance found in gouty tophi. . e'mia, uratse'mia [urate + G. haima, blood.] he presence of urates, especially sodium urate, the blood. 'ic. Relating to or consisting of urates. ol'ysis [urate + G. lysis, solution.] The decom- )sition or solution of urates. olyt'ic. Causing the decomposition, or solution id removal from the tissues, of urates. o'ma [urate + G. -oma.] Tophus. o'sis. Any morbid condition due to the pres- ice of urates in the blood or tissues. u'ria. The passage of an increased amount of ates in the urine. jaiza'tion [L. urbs, town.] The movement of e population toward cities. 'iform [L. urceus, pitcher, + forma, form.] tcher-shaped, urceolate. iolate [L. urceolus, dim. of urceus, pitcher.] rceiform. , (u-re'ah). Carbamide, CHiN20 or CO- JHj)2, one of the end-products of metabolism, creted in the urine in the amount of about 32 ams (one ounce) a day, this varying within e limits of 20 and 70 grams according to the et; it carries off about f of the nitrogen ex- eted from the body. Urea is formed in uscle, but chiefly in the liver, and is thought be derived frora ammftnium carbonate r the successive loss of two molecules water, the intervening product being am- Dnium carbamate. It may be obtained artifi- illy by heating a solution of ammonium cyanate. occurs as colorless or white prismatic crystals, thout odor but with a cooling saline taste, luble in water ; it forms salts with acids. Urea ,s been used in medicine as a diuretic and in the jatment of tuberculosis in doses of gr. 3-8 .2—0.5). Some of its salts also have been aployed for the same purposes, u. and qui- ne' hydrochlo'ride, quininas hydrochloro- rbamidum. i-frost. Minute masses of urea sometimes ob- rved on the skin of the face in Bright's disease. ure'a-fer'ment. Urease. u'real. Relating to or containing urea, ureic. uream'eter [urea + G. metron, measure.] A device for estimating the amount of urea in the urine. uream'etiy. The determination of the amount of urea in the urine. ure'a-quinine'. Quininas hydrochlorocarbamidum. u'rease. Urea-ferment, a ferment causing am- moniacal decomposition of urea. urecchysis (u-rek'i-sis) [G. ouron, wine, + ekchysis, a pouring out.] Extravasation of urine into the tissues. Urechites suberecta (u-re-ki'tez sub-e-rek'tah) . Savannah flower, the source of a South American arrow poison; the leaves are used as an anti- periodic in doses of 1K2-8 (0,13-0.5) of a fluidextract. urechitin (u-rekl-tin). A glucoside from Urechites suberecta. urecbitoz'in. A glucoside from Urechites suberecta. uredema, ur oedema (u-re-de'mah) [G. ouron, urine, -I- oidema, swelling.] Infiltration of urine into the subcutaneous tissues. ure'do [L. a blight.] i. Urticaria. ^. A burning sensation in the skin. ureide (u're-id). Any compound of urea in which one or more of its hydrogen atoms have been sub- stituted by acid radicals. ureine (u're-in). i. A supposed ammoniacaf fer- ment of urea. 2. An oily substance derived from urine, alleged to be the active cause of uremic symptoms. urelco'sis [G. ouron, urine, + helkosis, ulceration.] Ulceration of any part of the urinary tract. uremia (u-re'mi-ah) [G. ourtyn, urine, -|- haima, blood.] An autointoxication occurring in certain cases of nephritis or in anuria from any cause; it is not known what the toxic agent or agents may be, whether toxic substances normally formed in the body and excreted in the urine or some new substance formed in consequence of the altered metabolism. The symptoms are chiefly nervous — headache, vomiting, dyspnea, insomnia, delirium, convulsions, and coma. ure'mic. Relating to or caused by uremia. uremide (u're-med) [formed from uremia, after the analogy of sypkilide.] A skin lesion occurring in xu'emic poisoning. uremigenic (u-re-mi-jen'ik). i. Of uremic origin or causation. 2. Causing or resulting in uremia. ureom'eter. Ureameter. urerythrin (ur-er'i-thrin) [G. ouron, urine, -t- ery- ihros, red.] A red pigment found in the urine in certain fevers, especially rheumatic fever. uresiesthesia, uresiaesthesia (u-re'si-es-the'zl-ah) [G. ouresis, urinating, + aisthesis, sensation.] The desire to urinate. u'resin. Trade name of a citrate of lithium and urotropin, claimed to be a uric-acid solvent. ure'sis [G. ouresis.] Urination. u'ret. The radical, CHjNO, which replaces one atom of hydrogen in ammonia to form urea. u'retal. Ureteral, ureteric. ure'ter [G. oureier, urinary canal.] The tube con- ducting the urine from the kidney to the bladder. ure'teral. Ureteric ; relating to the ureter. ureteral'gia. Pain in the ureter. ure"tercys'toscope. A cystoscope with a ureteral catheter in a groove in its wall; the catheter is passed into the ureter when the orifice is brought into view with the cystoscope. ureterectasia (u-re'ter-ek-ta'sl-ah) [G. oureter, ureter, -I- ektasis, a stretching out.] Dilatation of an ureter. URETERECTOMY 1072 URETHR^EMORRHAGIA ureterec'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + ektonte, ex- cision.] Exsection of a segment or all of an ureter. ureter'ic. ' Relating to one or both ureters. ureteritis (u-re-ter-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of an ureter. ureterocele (u-re'ter-o-sel) [G. oureter, ureter, + kele, hernia.] The presence of an ureter amid the contents of a hernial sac. ureterocer'vical. Relating to an ureter and the cervix uteri, noting a fistula between the two. ureterocystoneostomy (u-re"ter-o-sis"to-ne-os'to- mi) [G. oureter, ureter, + kystis, bladder, + neos, new, + stoma, mouth.] Ureterocystostomy. ureterocystoscope (u-re"ter-o-sis'to-skop) . Ure- tercystoscope. ure"terocystos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + kystis bladder, + stoma, mouth.] Formation of an opening other than the natural one between an ureter and the bladder. ure"terodial'ysis [G. oureter, ureter, + dialysis, a breaking up.] Rupture of an iireter. ure"teroenter'ic. Relating to an ureter and the intestine, noting a fistula uniting the two. ure"teroenteros'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + enteron, intestine, + stoma, mouth.] The formation of an opening between an ureter and the intestine. ureterography (u-re-ter-og'r^-fl) [G. oureter, ureter, -J- graphs, a writing.] Radiography of the uretei after the injection of coUargol or argyrol or some similar substance. ureterolith (u-re'ter-o-lith) [G. oureter, ureter, + lithos, stone.] A calculus in the ureter. ureterolithiasis (u-re"ter-o-li-thi'a-sis). The forma- tion or presence of a calculus in an ureter. are"terolithot'omy [G. oureter, ureter, + lithos, stone, -H tome, incision.] Operation for the removal of a stone lodged in an ureter. ureterol'ysis [G. oureter, ureter, -I- lysis, solution.] Ruptiire of an ureter, ureterodialysis. ure"terone"ocystos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, -1- neos, new, + kystis, bladder, -I- stoma, mouth.] Ureterocystostom.y. ure"terone"opyelos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, 4- neos, new, + pyelos, pan (pelvis), + stoma, mouth.] The formation of an artificial opening between the ureter and the pelvis of the kidney. iire"teronephrec'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + nephros, kidney, + ektome, excision.] Removal of a kid- ney with its ureter. ure"terophleg'ma [G. oureter, ureter, -I- phlegma, phlegm,] An accumulation of mucus in the ureter, ureteroplasty (u-re'ter-o-plas"tI) [G. oureter, ureter, H- plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the ureters. ure"teroproctos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + proktos, anus (rectum), 4- stoma, mouth.] The establish- ment of an opening between an ureter and the rectum. ureteropyelitis (u-re"ter-o-pi-el-i'(e')tis) [G. oureter, ureter, + pyelos, pan (pelvis), -|- -itis.] Inflamma- tion of of the pelvis of a kidney with its ureter. ureteropyelography (u-re"ter-o-pi-el-og'ra-fI). Pye- lography. ure"teropy"eloneos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + pyelos, pan (pelvis), + neos, new, + stoma, mouth,] Ureteroneopyelostomy. ureteropyelonephritis (u - re"ter - o - pi"el - o - ne - fri'- (fre')tis) [G. oureter, ureter, + pyelos, pan (pelvis), ' -t- nephros, kidney, -|- -itis.] Ureteropyelitis. ureteropyosis (u-re"ter-o-pi-o'sis) [G. oureter, ureter, + pyosis, suppuration.] An accumulation of pus in the ureter. ure"terorectos'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + L. rectum + G. stoma, mouth.] Ureteroproctostomy. ure"terorrha'gia [G. oureter, ureter, 4- -rhagia.] Hemorrhage from an ureter. ure"teror'rhaphy [G. oureter, ureter, + rhaphe, suture.] Suture of a wounded ureter, ureteror plasty. ure"terostegno'sis [G. oureter, ureter, -I- stegnosis, a making close.] Ureterostenosis. ure'''terosteno'ma [G. oureter, ureter, -\- sienoma, a narrow place.] The site of a stricture of an ureter. ure"terosteno'sis [G. oureter, ureter, + stenosis, a narrowing.] Stricture of an ureter. ureteros'toma [G. oureter, ureter, + stoma, mouth.] An ureteral fistula. ureteros'tomy [G. oureter, ureter, + stoma, mouth ] The establishment of an external opening into the ureter. ureterot'omy [G. oureter, ureter, -I- tome, incision.] Any cutting operation on an ureter. ure"tero-ure'teral. Relating to' two segments of the same ureter or to both ureters, noting an artificial anastomosis between them. ure"tero-ure"teros'tomy [G. oureter, ureter (bis), + stoma, mouth.] The establishment of an anasto- mosis between the two ureters or between two segments of the same ureter. ure"tero-u'terine. Relating to an ureter and the uterus, noting a fistula bet"ween the two. ureterovaginal (u-re"ter-o-vaj'in-al). Relating to an ureter and the vagina, noting a fistula, either surgical or pathological, connecting the two. u'rethan, u'rethane [ur{ed) + eth{er).] Any ester of carbamic acid; specifically ethyl carbamate, employed as an hypnotic in doses of gr. 10-30 (o . 6—2 .0). urethra (u-re'thrah) [G. ourethra.] A canal leading from the bladder, discharging the urine externally. female u., u. muliebris. male u., u. virilis. mem'brsmous u., pars membranacea [BNA]. penile u., spongy u. prostat'ic u., pars prostatica [BNA]. spongy u., pars cavernosa [BNA]. u. mulie'bris [BNA], female urethra; a canal about an inch and a half in length passing from the bladder, in close relation with the anterior wall of the vagina, opening in the vestibule behind the clitoris, u. viri'lis [BNA], the male urethra, a canal about eight inches in length opening at the extremity of the glans penis; it gives passage to the spermatic fluid as well as the urine. abnormal opening, epispadia, epispadias, anaspadias (above); hypospadia, hypospadias (below); para- spadia, paraspadias (lateral), bleeding, urethrorrhagia, urethraemorrhagia. discharge from, urethrorrhea, blennorrhea, urethrocatarrh; gonorrhea (venereal). division of stricture, urethrotomy, coarctotomy; mea- totomy, porotomy (of 'meatus), escape of gas from, pneumaturia. exsection, urethrectomy. external opening, meatus, imperforate, urethratresia, atre- tourethra._ incision of meatus, meatotomy , porotomy. inflammation, urethritis; gonorrhea (venereal), in- strument for dilating stricture, urethfeurynter, sound, bougie, instrument for examining., urethroscope, sound, bougie, instrument for measuring caliber, urethrameter, urethrometer, urethrograph; meato- scope (opening), instrument for passage tlirough to draw urine, catheter, obstruction, urethremphraxis, urethrophraxis. pam, urethralgia, urethrodynia; uro- dynia, scalding, dysuria, strangury (in passing water). plastic surgery, urethroplasty, spasm, urethrospasm, urethnsm. stricture, urethrostenosis, ankylurethria; urethrospasm, urethrism (spasmodic), suture of, urethrprrhaphy. thickening of wall of female, ure- throcele. ^ tumor, urethrophyma, urethrffimorrha'gia [G. ourUhra, urethra, + haima, blood, 4- -rkagia.] Bleeding from the urethra, urethrorrhagia. J^J^-lilKAL 1073 UKlUiiiJiJN re'thral. Relating to the urethra, u. fever, urinary fever.* rethral'gia [G. oureihra, urethra, + algos, pain.] Pain in the urethra. rethram'eter. Urethrometer. re'thrascope. Urethroscope. rethratresia (u-re"thra-tre'zi-ah) [G. oureihra, urethra, + a- priv. + tresis, a boring.] Im- perforation or occlusion of the urethra. rethrec'tomy [G. ourethra, urethra, + ektome, excision.] Excision of a segment or the whole of the urethra. rethrem'orrhage. Urethr^morrhagia. re"thremphrax'is [G. ourethra, urethra, + emph- raxis, a stoppage.] Obstruction, from any cause, to the free flow of urine through the urethra. rethreurynter (u-re"thru-rin'tur) [G. ourethra, urethra, + euryno, I dilate.] An instrument for dilating the urethra. 'rethrism, urethris'mus. Irritability or spasmodic stricture of the urethra. rethritis (u-re-thri'(thre')tis) [G. ourethra, urethra, + -»■/«.] Inflammation of the urethra, ante'- rior u., inflammation of the portion of the urethra anterior to the triangular ligament, non- specific u., simple u. poste'rioT u., inflammation of the membranous and prostatic portions of the urethra, simple u., a catarrhal inflammation of the urethra, blennorrhea, specific u., gonorrhea. u. petrificans, a form, sometimes of gouty origin, in which there is a deposit of calcareous matter in the wall of the urethra, u. vene'rea, gonorrhea. rethrobuITjar. Relating to the urethra and the bulb of the corpus cavemosum urethrae, noting a small artery. rethrocele (u-re'thro-sel) [G. ourethra, urethra, + kele, tumor, hernia.] i. A hyperplasia of the connective tissue surrounding the female Tirethra. a. A prolapse of the female urethra. rethrocystitis (u-re"thro-sis-ti'(te')tis) [G. ourethra, urethra, + hystis, bladder, + -itis.'\ Inflamma- tion of the urethra and bladder. re'thrograph [G. grapho, I record.] A recording urethrometer, indicating graphically the location and extent of a stricture or strictures of the urethra rethrom'eter [G. ourethra, urethra, + metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the caliber of the urethra. rethTopenile (u-re"thro-pe'uil). Relating to the urethra and the penis. re"tliroperine'aJ. Relating to the urethra and the perineum. re"tliroperine"oscro'tal. Relating to the urethra, perineum, and scrotum. rethrophrax'is. Urethremphraxis. rethroplasty (u-re'thro-plas"tI) [G. ourethra, ure- thra, + plasso, I form.] Reparative or plastic surgery of the tirethri. re"tliroprostat'ic. Relating to the urethra and the prostate. rethrorec'tal. Relating to the urethra and the rectum. rethrorrha'gia [G. ourethra, urethra, + -rhagia.l Urethraemorrhagia. rethror'rhaphy [G. rhaphe, suture.] Suture of a wound of the urethra. rethrophy'ma [G. phyma, a tumor.] Any tumor or circumscribed swelling of the urethra. re"throrrhe'a, ure"throrrh^™"!^' metromalacik, metro- wi*.,^ ' •^etromalacosis, spasmodic contraction, hysterospasm, hysterotrismus, metrypercinesia. sur- UTERUS 1079 UZARA rounding, perimetric, periuterine, suture, hysteror- Thaphy; trachelorrhaphy, hysterotrachelorrhaphy. tumor, hysteroma, hysteroncus, metrofibroma, hyster- omyoma, hysteropolypus. ulceration, hysterelcosis, ulcus uteri, metrelcosis, metrocace. utricle (u'til-kl) [L. utriculus, dim. of uter, a skin Ijag.] I. Utriculus. 2. Utriculus prostaticus. prostat'ic u., ure'thral u., utriculus prostaticus. utric'ular. i . Relating to the utricle. 2. Relating to the uterus, uterine. utricuUtis (u-trik-ii-li'(le')tis) [L. utnculus + G -ttis.'\ i. Inflammation of the internal ear. a. Inflammation of the utriculus prostaticus. utriculoplasty (u-triVu-lo-plas-tt) [L. utriculus, dim. of uterus, + G. plasso, I form.] An operation for reducing the size of the uterus by excision of a wedge-shaped longitudinal strip the entire thickness of the wall of the organ. utriculosacc'ular. Relating to the utricle and the saccule of the labyrinth, noting the u. canal, duc- tus utriculosaccularis, which arises from the inner aspect of the utricle and empties into the ductus endolymphaticus. utric'ulus [L. dim. of uter or uterus.] Utricle, the larger of the two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the labyrinth, lying in the recessus ellipticus; from it arise the semicircialar ducts, u. masculi'- nus, u. prostaticus [BNA]. u. prostat'icus [BNA], sinus pocularis, uterus masculinus; a minute pouch in the prostate leading back from the summit of the coUiculus seminalis, the analogue of the uterus and vagina in the female, being the remains of the fused posterior ends of the Muller- ian ducts, u. urethra'lis, u. viri'lis, u. prosta- ticus. u'trifonn [L. uter, a skin bag, + forma, form.] Shaped like a leather bottle. n'va, pi. u'vorary cell-stomach for the digestion of the body. ontrac'tile v., a cavity formed by the accumvda- ion of fluid in the ectoplasm of a protozoan; iter increasing for a time it empties itself ex- emally by a sudden contraction. uoUza'tion. Vacuolation. uum (vaVu-um) [L. vacuus, empty.] An empty pace, one from which the air has been practically emoved. ;'uum-chamber. A depression in a dental plate rom which air is exhausted in order to keep the )late in position by atmospheric pressure. :'uum-plate. A plate for artificial teeth which is leld in place largely by air-pressure. 'uum-tube. A glass tube from which the air LS been nearly removed, used in the experi- Qental passage of an electrical current or spark nd in the production of the «-rays ; see Geissler's* iibes and Crookes'* tubes. lum [L. a ford.] An occasional elevation from he bottom of a cerebral sulcus nearly obliterating t for a short distance. ;'abonds' disease'. Pediculosis corporis, an erup- ion of papules with scattered petechiae, many cratch marks, and pigmentation, caused by the iresence of body lice; vagrants' disease. ;al. Relating to the vagus nerve, v. attack', condition marked by a sinking sensation and seling as of impending death, without loss of onsciousness, by cardiac discomfort, and by yspnea, due supposedly to vasomotor spasm. ina, gen. and pi. vagi'ncs (vS-ji'nah) [L. sheath.] . Any sheath-like structure. 2. The genital anal in the female, extending from the uterus D the vulva. V. bulbi, Tenon's* capsule, v. ellulo'sa, the connective-tissue sheath of a nerve r muscle, perineurium or perimysium, v. ordis, pericardium, v. fem'oris, fascia lata. v. bro'sa ten'dinis [BNA], fibrous sheath of a ten- on. V. masculi'na, utriculus prostaticus. v. luco'sa ten'dinis [BNA], mucous sheath of a endon, a sheath of synovial membrane en- eloping certain of the tendons ; vaginal synovial aembrane. vagi'nse ner'vi op'tici [B NA], sheaths if the optic nerve, formed of extensions of the entral meninges, v. oc'uli. Tenon's* capsule. . pili, the hair-sheath, v. proces'sus styloidei BNA], sheath of the styloid process, vaginal irocess, a crest of bone (edge of the tympanic por- ion of the temporal bone) running from the front ind inner side of the mastoid process to the alar spine of the sphenoid; it splits to ensheathe the base of the styloid process, v. saepta, a bipartite vagina caused by the presence of a more or less complete longitudinal septum, v. synovia'lis, v. mucosa tendinis [BNA]. v. ten'dinis [BNA], tendon sheath surrounding one of the tendons o£ the hand or foot, serving to protect it from friction, vagi'nse vaso'rum, sheaths of the ves- sels, fibrous envelopes ensheathing the arteries with their accompanying veins and sometimes nerves as well. blood in, hematocolpos. cyst in, hydrocolpocele. dilatation, colpectasia; colpeurysis, eletretirysis (opera- tive), discharge, leucorrhea, coleorrhea, elytrorrhea, colporrhea. disease, colpopathy. dryness of mucous membrane, colpoxerosis. edema, coleedema, elytre- dema, colpoedema. excision, colpectomy, elytrectomy, vaginectomy, fistula into bladder, colpocystosyrinx. vesicovaginal fisture. fistula into bladder and rectum, colpocystarchosyrinx, ves corectovaginal fisture. fixa- tion of, colpopexy, elytropexia, vaginopexy, vagino- fixation, fixura vagincB. gangrene, colpocace, caco- colpia. hemorrhage from, colporrhagia, elytrorrhagia. hernia, coleocele colpocele, elytrocele, vaginocele, incision, coleotomy, colpotomy, elytrotomy.^ vaginot- omy, inflammation, coleitis, colpitis, kysthitis, vagi- nitis, instrument for dilating, colpeurynter, elytreu- rynter. instrument for inspecting, colposcope, vagino- scoi>e, vaginal speculum, mucus in, mucocolpos. obstriiction in, elytremphraxis. occlusion, coleatresia, colpatresia, elytratresia, coleostenosis,^ colpostenosis, colpostegnosis, gynatresia, ely trostenosis ; colpocleisis, elytrocleisis, elytroclisia, elytrorrhaphy, colporrhaphy, (operative), pain, colpalgia, elytrodynia, vagino- dynia, plastic surgery, colpoplasty, elytroplasty, coleoplasty. pregnancy in, elytrocyesis, _ prolapse, colpoptosia, kysthoptosia, kysthoproptosia, elytro- ptosia, coleoptosia.^ pus in, pyocolpos. rupture, coleor- rhexis, colporrhexis, elytroclasia. spasm of, colpo- spasm, vaginismus, stricture, coleostegnosis, colpo- stegnosis. suture, colporrhaphy elytrorrhaphy; col- podesmorrhaphy, episiorrhaphy, elytroepisiorrhaphy (including vulva); colpoperineorrhaphy (including perineum), thickening or walls, colpohyperplasia. tumor, elytrophyma, elytroncus, elytropolypus. vagi'nse fixu'ra [L.] Fixation of the vagina. vaginal (vaj'in-al)[L. vaginalis,] Relating to the vagina or to any sheath. vaginalectomy (vaj-in-al-ek'to-mi) [L. tunica vaginalis + G. ekiome, excision.] Excision of a portion of the tunica vaginalis testis. vaginalitis (vaj-in-al-i'(e')tis) [L. tunica vaginalis + G. -t'/is.] Inflammation of the tunica vagmalis testis. vaginapexy (vS-ji'ni-peks-ii) \L. vagina + G. pexis, fixation.] Colpopexy. vaginate (vaj'in-at). i. To ensheathe, to enclose in a sheath. 2. Ensheathed, provided with a sheath. vaginec'tomy [L. vagina + G. ekiome, excision ] 1 . Exsection of a portion of the vagina. ^. Vagin- alectomy. vaginicoline (vaj-in-iksa. Nocud, Thanaiophidia, a former divi- sion or class of serpents including the distinctly venomous ones; the non-poisonous serpents were classed as Innocua, and those the cliaracter of which was not known, as Suspecta. ve"nenosarivary. Secreting a -poisonous saliva, said of venomous reptiles. ■■■'■"' ven'enous [L. venen w,^ 'poison.] Poisonous. - ' venepuncture- (ve-ne-ptink'chur) . The ptincture of a vein for -any purpose.'' " venereal (ve-ne're-al) [L. Venus, the goddess of love.] Relating to or resulting from sexual intercourse. V. bubo, an enlarged gland in the' groin associated with any veneral disease, especially chancroid- v, camos'ity, v. wart. v. disease', any disease which is usually acquired during sexual intercourse — gonorrhea, s3^hilis, "or ciK^ncroid. v. sore, v. ulcer, chancroid, v. wait, condyloma, verruca acuminata. -^> venereol'ogy. -The special study of venereal dis- eases. venereophobia (ve-ne"rT[-o-fo'b![-ah) [venereal (dis- ease) + G. phobos, fear.] Cypridophobia. ven'ery. Excessive, especially illicit, sexual inter- course. venesec'tion [L. vena, "vein, -H seciio, a cutting.] Phlebotomy, the opening of a vein for the ab- straction of blood. venesu'ture. Suture of a vein, phleborrhaphy. ve'niplex. A venous plexus. ven'oxn [Fr. vemn; L. venenunt, poison.] The poison excreted by certain animals, such as VENOM 1094 VENTRICULUS reptiles and insects, as a means of protection or for destroying their prey. ven"omosal'ivaiy. Venenosalivary. venomotor (ve-no-mo'tor).. Causing change in the caliber of a vein. veno-peritoneostomy (ve"no-per-i(-to-ne-os'to-inI) . The operation of inserting the cut end of the saphenous vein into the peritoneal cavity in cases of ascites; the vein is inverted so that the valves prevent regurgitation of blood into the cavity while the ascitic fluid readily flows away into the vein; Ruotte's operation. venopressor (ve-no-pres'or). Relating to the ven- ous blood-pressure and consequently the volume of venous supply to the right side of the heart. Tenosclerosis (ve-no-skle-ro'sis) . Phlebosclerosis. venose (ve'nSz). Having veins, in either the botanical or the anatomical sense; venous, veiny. venos'ity. i. A venous state, a condition in which the bulk of the blood is in the veins at the expense of the arteries. 2. The unaerated condition of venous blood. ve'nous [L. venosus.] Relating to a vein or to the veins, v. angle, see angle, v. blood, see blood. v. cal'culus, phlebolith. v. heart, the right side (atrium and ventricle) of the heart. V. hum, a musical murmur heard on auscultation over the larger veins in the neck, especially when pres- sure on them is made with the bell of the stetho- scope, v. hypere'mia, passive congestion ; venos- ity. V. sinus, cerebral sinus. venovenos'tomy [L. vena, vein, -I- vena, vein, 4- G. stoma, mouth.] The formation of an anastomosis between two veins. vent [O. Fr. fente, a chink, cleft.] An opening into a cavity or canal, especially one through which the contents of such cavity are discharged, as the anus. ven'ter [L. belly.] i. The abdomen. 2. Any one of the three great cavities of the body. 3. The uterus. 4. The wide swelling part of a mus- cle. 5- In botany, the lower part of the arche- gonium in which the ovum is formed, v. ante'- rior, the anterior division of a digastric muscle. V. il'li, the internal concave surface of the ilium, fossa iliaca. v. i'mus [L lowest], the abdomen. T. me'dius [L. middle], the thorax, v. poste'rior, the posterior division of a digastric muscle, v. propen'dens, (i) anteversion of the uterus; (2) a pendulous abdomen, v. re'num, pelvis of the kidney, v. scap'uke, fossa subscapularis, the broad concave anterior surface of the scapula. V. supre'mus [L. highest], the cranial cavity. Ten'tilate [L ventilare, to fan.] i. To renew the air in an apartment or closed space, j. To aerate, or oxygenate, the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. ventila'tion. i. Expulsion of foul air and admission of fresh in an apartment or other closed space. 3. Aeration of blood in the lungs, ezhaus'tion v., forcible withdrawal of air from a room, as by a suction fan, fresh air being admitted through the windows and doors; an open fire provides exhaustion v. ple'num v., ventilation by forcing fresh air into a room by means of a fan or blower, the foul air escaping through the doors or win- dows; a hot-air furnace affords plenum v. vac'uum v., exhaustion v. ventose (ven'tSs) [L. ventosus, windy.] Flatulent, puffed out with gas. ventose (ven-t5z') [L. ventosus, full of wind.] A cup- ping-glass. ventouse (vahh-tooz') [Fr.] Ventose. ven'trad [L venter, belly, + ad, to.] Toward the ventral aspect; opposed to dorsad. ven'tral. Relating to the belly or the abdomen, abdominal; opposed to dorsal; relating to the spinal cord in man, anterior, as v. column, v. fissure, v. aspect, the anterior or inferior aspect, that directed toward the belly and away from the back. v. hernia, hernia through any part of ' the abdominal wall. ventricle (ven'tri-kl) [L. veniriculus, dim. of venter, belly, uterus.] A small cavity, especially one in the brain or the heart; see ventriculus. collo'sal v., sulcus corporis callosi. car'diac v., see ven- triculus dexter and ventriculus sinister, cer'ebral v., see ventriculus lateralis, veniriculus quartus, ventriculus tertius, and cavum septi pellucidi. laryn'geal v., ventriculus laryngis. sixth v., a space containing cerebrospinal fluid sometimes existing between the fornix and the callosum. ventricolum'na. Ventricomu. ventricor'nu. The anterior horn of gray matter, columna anterior [BNA], of the spinal cord. ventricor'nual. Relating to the ventricomu. ventricose (ven'trl-kos). Inflated, bellied; corpulent. ventric'ular. Relating to a ventricle, in any sense. V. band, false vocal cord, plica* ventricularis [BNA]. V. fibrilla'tion, see under fibrillation. V. plateau (pl3-to'), a level portion of the intra- ventricular blood-pressure curve, representing graphically the maintenance of contraction of the ventricle, v. septum, (r) the septum between the two ventricles of the heart ; (2) septum pellucidum [BNA]. ventricula'ris. Musculus thyreoepiglotticus. ventric'ulus, pi. veniric'uli [L. dim. of venter, belly.] [BNA] I. The stomach. 2. A ventricle, as of the brain or heart, v. dex'ter [BNA], right ventricle of the heart, the cavity on the right side of the heart which receives the venous blood from the right atrium and drives it by the con- traction of its walls into the pulmonary artery. V. laryn'gis [B NA], sinus laryngis, the recess in each lateral wall of the larynx between the false and true vocal cords, v. latera'lis [BNA], lateral ventricle, a cavity in the interior of each cerebral hemisphere, communicating through the foramen of Monro with the third ventricle; it has four indistinctly separated parts, the pars centralis (cella media) and three cornua — anterior, posterior, and inferior or descending. T. quar'tus [BNA], fourth ventricle, a cavity of roughly rhomboidal shape in the brain, the floor, or anterior wall, of which is formed by the dorsal surface of the pons and medulla; it is continuous below with the central canal of the spinal cord, anteriorly with the aqueduct of Sylvius. V. quin'tus, fifth ventricle, cavum* septi pellucidi [BNA). v. sinis'ter [BNA], the left ventricle of the heart, the cavity on the left side of the heart which receives the arterial blood from the left atrium and drives it by the contraction of its walls into the aorta, v. ter- mina'lis [BNA], the dilated portion of the cen- tral canal of the spinal cord at the tip of the conus medullaris. v. ter'tius [BNA], third ventricle of the brain, a narrow cavity between the two optic thalami, extending from the lam- ina cinerea to the pineal body; its floor is formed by the tuber cinereum, the corpora mamillaria, the substantia perforata posterior, and a por- tion of the tegmenta of the pedunculi cerebri; its root is formed by a fold of pia mater (velum interpositum) lined by a thin epithelial layer attached to the tasnia thalami on either side. VENTRICUMBENT 109s VERMICULAR rentricum'bent [L. venter, belly, + cumbers, to lie down.] Prone, lying on the belly. ven'triduct [L. venter, belly, + ducere, to lead ] To draw toward the belly, as in flexion of the thigh. ventriduc'tion. Drawing toward the belly. ventrifixa'tion. Ventrofixation. ventrim'esal. Relating to the midline of the ventral surface ven'trimeson [L. venter, belly, + G. mesas, middle.] The ventral border of the meson, or median plane of the body. ventripyr'amid. Pyramis medulla oblongatae [BNA]. ventrocystor'rhaphy [L. venter, belly, + kystis, cyst, + rhaphe, suture.] The operation of opening an abdominal cyst and stitching it to the borders of the wound in the abdomen; marsupialization. ventrodor'sad. Dorsad, in a direction from the venter to the dorsum. ventrofixa'tion. The suture of a displaced viscus, such as the uterus, to the abdominal wall, ventro- suspension; abdominal hysteropexy, ventrohys- teropexy. ventrohys'teropexy [L. venter, belly, + hystera, uterus, + pexis, fixation.] Ventrofixation of a displaced, retroverted, uterus. ventroin'guinal. Relating to the abdomen and the groin. ventrolaf eral. Both ventral and lateral. yentrome'dian. Ventrimesal. ventromy'el [L. venter, belly, + G. myelos, marrow.] The anterior portion of the spinal cord. yentropto'sia, ventropto'sis [L. venter, belly, + G ptosis, a falling.] Gastroptosia. ventros'copy [L. venter, belly, + skoped, I view.] Celioscopy. rentrose (veu'tros) [L. venter, belly.] i. Corpulent. ^. Having a belly, or belly-like swelling. ventros'ity. Corpulence. ventrosuspen'sion [L. venter, belly, + suspendere, to hang.] Ventrofixation. ventrot'omy [L. venter, belly, + G. tome, incision.] Laparotomy, celiotomy. ventroTes"icofixa'tion. Hysterocystopexy. ve'nula [L. dim. of vena.] [BNA] Venule, veinlet, a minute vein, a venous radicle continuous with a capillary. venule (ve'nul). Venula. ve'nus [L. Venus, the goddess of love.] i. Sexual intercourse, a. Copper, in old chemistry, veratral'bine. An alkaloid or mixture of alkaloids derived from veratrum album. verat'ric acid. An acid, C,Hi,Oi, present in saba- dilla; it occurs in the form of prismatic crystals soluble in alcohol and hot water; with bases it forms salts, called veratrates. veratriin (ver-at'ri-in) A concentration product of veratrma viride. veratri'na (U.S., Br.). Veratrine, a mixture of alka- loids from the seed of Asagraa officinalis (U.S ), or of Schanocaulon officinale (Br.); a grayish white powder of acrid taste and intensely irritat- ing to the nasal mucous membrane, nearly insoluble in water; employed in neuralgia and rheumatism and as a cardiac sedative in dose of gr. jV (o-oo»). tut chiefly externally in oint- ment. ver'atrinize, ver'atrize. To produce in one the physiological effects of veratrine. veratroid'ine. An alkaloid or mixture of alkaloids derived from veratrum album, perhaps the same as veratralbine. yerat'rol. Pyrocatechin dimethyl ester, a colorless crystalline derivative of veratric acid; used in tuberculosis, like guaiacol, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2), and externally in the treatment of neuralgia. verat'rone. Trade name of a liquid preparation of veratrum viride, employed for the same purposes as the fluidextract of veratrum viride. veratrum viride (ve-ra'trum vir'i-de) (U.S.) Hellebore, the dried rhizome and roots of Vera- trum viride, American or green hellebore; a nerv- ous, respiratory, and cardiac sedative, diuretic, and diaphoretic, in doses of gr. 1-3 (0.06-0.2). V. album, European or white hellebore, having properties siinilar to the preceding was formerly included with it under the ofiicial title of vera- trum, but has now been discarded. verbas'cum [L. mullein.] Mullein, flannel-leaf, from Verbascum phlomoides, V. thapsus, and V. thapsiforme; employed in catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract. Two parts of the plant are listed in the N.P., namely, the flowers, ver- bas'ci flor'es, dose S2 (8.0), and the leaves, ver- bas'ci fo'lia, dose 3 1 (4 • o) ; of the latter the N.P. contains a fluidextract, dose 3i (4.0). verbe'na [L. verbencB, sacred boughs (laurel, myrtle, and the olive) .] (N.P.) The rhizome and roots of Verbena hastata, blue vervain, wild hyssop; expectorant and diaphoretic in doses of ir]ji5 (i .0) of the fluidextract. verbigeration (ver-bij-er-a'shun) [L. verbum, word, + gerere to carry about.] Oral stereotypy, the constant repetition of meaningless words or phrases verdigris (ver'de-gres) [O.Fr. verd, green, de, of, Gris, Greeks.] i. Copper subacetate, aerugo. 2 Green rust, the stain on dirty copper vessels, ustially a carbonate of copper, crys'tallized or distilled v., cupri acetas neutralis. Ver'ga's lac'rymal groove (vair'gah) [Verga, Italian anatomist, 181 1-1895.] A groove passing down from the lower orifice of the nasal duct when the latter opens on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa ; when the orifice of the duct is at the upper part of the inferior meatus the groove is wanting. V.'s ven'tricle, " narrow space some- times fotind beneath the psalterium (commissura hippocampi), when this lamina is not completely fused to the imder surface of the corpus callosum. ver'gence [L. vergere, to incline, to turn.] Inclin- ing, turning, said of the movements of the eyeballs. Vergize, France (ver-zhez'). Slightly mineralized waters, organically pure. Used by drinking in indigestion. Perrier water is included in the waters of these springs. Verheyen's stars (fer-hi'en) [Philippe Verheyen, Flemish anatomist, 1648-1710.] Stellula Ver- heyenii, venje stellata, the star-shaped groups of veins in the- renal cortex. ver'juice [Fr. verd, green + jus, juice.] The acid juice of unripe fruits. Vermale's opera'tion (ver-mal') [Raymond de Ver- male, French surgeon, i8th centitry.] A double- flap transfixion amputation. Ver'mes (vur'mez) [L. vermis, worm.] A class or subkingdom of invertebrate, legless animals, the worms. vermici'dal [L. vermis, worm, -1- ceedere, to kil'.] Destructive to worms, specifically destructive to the parasitic intestinal worms. vermicide (vur'mi-sid) . I. Vermicidal. 2. An agent which kills intestinal parasitic worms. vermic'ular \L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, worm.] Relating to, resembling, or moving like a worm vermiform, v. appen'dix, vermiform appendix. VERMICULAR 1096 VERRUeOSE, VERRUCOUS V. mqyiement, peristaltic mpyement. . v..-pulse, a small rapid piilse, giving a worm-like sensation to the finger. :.i vennicala'tion. ' A wofctn-like movement, peristal- sis. vermicule (vur'mlt-kul) [L. vermiculus, a small 'worm.] 1. A small' worm. 2. Ookinete. verlnlc'ulose, vermic'ulous. 1. Wormy, infested with worms or larvae. 2. Worm-like, vermiform, vermicular. vermiculus (vur-mik'u-lus) [L. dim. of vermis, worm.] Vermicule. I. A small worm or grub. 2. Ookinete. vermiform (vur'ml-form) [L. vermis, worm, + forma, form.] Worm-shaped, resembling a worm in form. V. appen'dix, an intestinal diverticulum normally extending from the head of the cecum; it is from 3 to 6 inches in length and ends in a blind extremity; processus vermiformis [BNA]. V. process, (i) the middle lobe, or vermis, of the cerebellum; (2) the v. appendix. vermifugal [L. vermis, worm., -I- fugare, to chase away.] Causing the expulsion of parasitic worms from the intestine. vermifuge (vur'ml-fuj). i. Vermifugal. 2. An agent which causes the expulsion of intestinal worms. vermijelli (vur-mi-jel'i) [vermin + jelly.] Pro- prietary name of an ointment employed in the treatment of pediculosis. vennil'ion. A red pigment formerly made from cinnabar or red mercuric sulphide, v. border, the red border of the lips where the skin merges into mucous miembrane. ver'min. Parasitic insects, such as lie? and bed- bugs. ver'minal. Verminous. vermina'tion. x. The production or breeding of worms or larvse. 2. Infestation with vermin. ver'minous. Relating to, caused by, or infested with worms, larvae, or vermin. vei'mis |L. worm.] i. A worm. 2. The narrow middle lobe or connecting mass between the two hemispheres of the, cerebellum; the portion pro- jecting above the level of the hemisplieres on the upper surface is called the superior v., the lower portion, forming the floor o^ the vallecula, is the inferior v. ver'mix. Vermiform appendix. Vermont' Min'eral Springs, Vermont. Light saline- chalybeate waters. Cold. Two springs. . Used by drinking and locally in weak digestion, lack of appetite, anemia, affections pf.^, the kidneys, Bsneral debility,, conjiinctivitis, erysipelas, insect bites, and other disorders. ' The summer months. vermuth, vermouth (vur'mooth) [A.S. vermod, wormwood.] A white wine flavored with worm- wood. yer'nal [L. vernahs; ver, spring.] Relating to, or occurring in the springtime, v. catarrh', v. con- junctivi'tis, see under conjunctivitis . v. fever, a malarial fever. vema'tion [L. vernaiio, growing again.] In botany, the manner of grouping of the leaves in a bud. Vemet-les-Bains, France (ver-na'la-bah'). Sul- phur waters, some of which contain a quantity of glairine. 100° F. to 140° F. Twelve springs. Used by drinking and bathing in anemia, consti- pation, gastroenteritis, skin diseases, chronic rheumatism and other chronic joint affections, perimetritis, chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, and incjpient tuberculosis. May to October. Vemeuil's canals' (ver-ne'e) [Aristide August? Verneuil, Parisian surgeon, 1823-1895.] Col- lateral veins; vessels which arise from a venou^ trunk, run parallel with it for a variable distance, and then join it again V.'s neuro'ma, a nodular enlargement of the cutaneous nerves. vernier (vur'ne-ur) [after the inventor, Pierre Ver- nier, French physicist, 1580-1637.] A finely graduated scale, moving along a more coarsely graduated fixed scale, used for measuring frac- tions of the graduations on the latter. ver'nine. An alkaloid derived from clover and other plants and also from ergot. ver'nix [L] Varnish, v. casein'i, casein varnish, a substance forming a creamy mixture with hot water, used as a menstruum for powders which are held suspended in it with little tendency to form a sediment, v. caseo'sa, the fatty substance, consisting of desquamated epithelium and sebace- ous matter, which covers the skin of the fetus. Vemo'nia [after William Vernon, English botanist, 17th century.] A genus of plants of the order Composita, the seeds of one species of which, V. anthelmin'tica, an East Indian plant, have vermi- fuge properties; the root of another species, V. nigritia'na, of West Africa, is a cardiac poison resembling digitalis, and contains a glucoside, vernonin, Te'ronal. Barbital, diethylbarbituric acid, diethyl- malonylurea, C8H12O3N2; a white crystalline powder, without odor and of slightly bitter taste, soluble in 150 parts of cold water and in 12 parts of boiling water; hypnotic in doses of gr. 5— IS (0.3—1.0). sol'uble v., the sodium salt of dieth- ylmalonylurea, a soluble, white, crystalline pow- der; employed as a, hypnotic and sedative in doses of gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.0). v.-so'dium, soluble veronal, sodium-barbital. Veron'ica. A genus of plants of the order Scroph- ulariacece. V. beccabun'ga, brooklime or water- pimpernel, a European plant formerly em- ployed as a bitter tonic. V. offlcina'Us, speed- well, Paul's betony, an astringent employed as a tonic tea in domestic medicine. V. virgin'ica, leptandra (U.S.). verru'ca [L.] Wart, a circumscribed hypertrophy of the papillse and epidermis, v. acumina'ta, fig-wart, -condyloma acuminatum, v. digita'ta, a wart in which the papillae are very distinct, v. fiUfor'mis, a wart made up of. a few greatly elon- gated papUlse. V. gy'ri hippocam'pi, one of the numerous small wart-like prominences on' the convex surface of the gyrus, hippocampi, v. molluscifor'mis, condyloma, v. necrogen'ica, lupus verrucosus (2). v. perua'na, V. peruvia'na, Oroya fever, Carrioii's disease; a specific en- demic disease of the Peruvian Andes, marked by fever, rheumatic pains, progressive anemia, and an eruption of softish conical or pedunculated tumors of the size of a pea and lai^ger; the disease lasts from a few weeks to several months, and has a fatality of from 8 to 50 per cent. v. pla'na juveni'lis, a flat wart of small size and often glistening aspect, seen especially on the face of the young, v. pla'na senl'Iis, keratosis senilis, v. seni'lis, keratosis senilis, v. sim'plez, v vulgaris, y. vulga'ris, common wart, a circum- scribed overgrowth of the papillae of the skin covered with a more or less thickened epidermis. verru'ciform [L. verruca, wart, -(- forma, form.] Wart-shaped. verrucose, verrucous (ver'u-kes, ver'u-kus). Warty, presenting wart-like elevations. VERRUGA PERUANA 1097 VERTIGO verruga peruana (ver-roo'gah pa-roo-ah'nah) [Sp. Peravian wart.] Carrion's disease, verruca* peruana. verru'gas [Sp. warts.] Verruca peruana. versicolor (vur-sik'o-lor) [L. partycolored.] Marked by several shades of color. version (vur'siiun) [L. verterei to turn. i. A displacement of the uterus, consisting in a tilting of the entire organ without bending upon Itself; the varieties of displacement are termed anteversion, forward, retroversion Backward, and lateroversion, to one or the other sidfe. 2. Change of position of the fetus in the womb, occurring spontaneously or effected by the manipulations of the accoucheur, biman'ual or bipo'lar v. is performed by means of the two hands acting upon both extremities of the fetus; it may be external or combined. cephal'ic v. is that in which the fetus is turned so that the head presents, combined v., bipolar v. by means of one hand in the vagina, the other on the abdominal wall, exter'nal v., performed en- tirely by external manipulation, inter'nal v., performed by means of one hand within the vagina, pel'vic v., v. by means of which a cross presentation is converted into a pelvic one. podal'ic v., seizure of the foot of the fetus and turning so that this part presents, pos'tural v., non-manual v. obtained by placing the mother in a certain position, sponta'neous v., tumifig of the fetus effected by the contraction of the uter- ine muscle. vert [L. vertere, to turn.] To turn, to duct, noting the revolving motion of any part. vertebra, gen. and pi. ver'iebrcs (vur'te-brah) [L.] One of the segments of the spinal column ; in man there are thirty- three vertebrae, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, j lumbar, 5 sacral (fused into one bone, the sacrum), and 4 coccygeal (fused into one bone, the coccy^x). bas'ilar v., the lowest lum.bar vertebra, cra'nial v., a. segment of the sliuU regarded as homologous with a spinal vertebra. false v., any one of the fused vertebral segments of the sacrum or coccyx, odon'toid v., epistro- pheus [BNA]. tricus'pid v., the sixth cervical vertebra in quadrupeds, typ'ical v., see Owen. V. denta'ta, the second cervical vertebra, axis, epistropheus [BNA]. v. mag'na, sacrum, v. prom'inens [BNA], the seventh cervical vertebra. ver'tebrae spu'iis, false vertebrae, the fused ver- tebral segments of the sacrum and cocoyx, ver'tebrae ve'rae, true vertebrae, the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. ver'tebral. Relating to a vertebra or the vertebrae. V. for'mula, a formula indicating the number of vertebrse in each segment of the spinal column; for man it is C. 7, T. 12, L. 5, S. 5, Cd. 4 = 33. the letters standing for cervical, thoracic (or dorsal), lumbar, sacral, and caudal (or coccygeal). vertebra'rium. The spinal column. vertebrarte'rial. Relating to a vertebra and an artery, noting the row of foramina in the trans- verse processes of the cervical vertebras through which passes the vertebral artery on either side; the foramen is called also transverse foramen, costotransverse, foramen, and foramen trans- versarium- [BNA]. Vertebra'ta. A phylum of the animal kingdom composed of all having a spinal column ; it includes the mammals, birds, reptiles, and iishes. ver'tebrate. i. Having a vertebral column. 2. An animal having vertebrae. ver'tebrated. i. Vertebrate. 2. Jointed, com- posed of segments arranged longitudinally, as a V. catheter* or a v. probe.* vertebrec'tomy [vertebra + G. ektome, excision.] Exsection of a vertebra.' ver"tebroarte'rial. Vertebrarteiial. vertebrochondral (vur"te-bro-kon'dral) [L. vertebra -f- G. chondros, cartilage.] Noting the three false ribs (8th, gth, and loth), which are connected with the vertebrae at one extremity and the costal cartilages at the other, these cartilages not articulating directly with the sternum. ver"tebrocos'tal [L. vertebra + casta, rib.] i. Costovertebral, j. Vertebrochondral. vertebrodid'ymus, vertebrod'ymus [L. vertebra + G. didymos, twin.] A twin monster with fused spinal- columns. vertebrofem'oral. Relating to the vertebra and the femur. vertebroil'iac. Relating to the vertebrae and the ilium, iliolumbar; noting a ligament. vertebromamm'ary. Relating to the vertebrae and the mammary region. vertebrosa'cral. Relating to the vertebrae and the sacrum, noting the union between the last lum- bar vertebra and the sacrum and the v. angle, or promontory of the sacrum, formed by the axes of the sacrum and the lumbar spine. vertebrosternal (vur"te-bro-stur'nal) . Relating to the vertebrae and the sternum, noting the true ribs which articulate with the vertebrae at one extremity and the sternum, through the cartilages, at the other. vertex, gen. ver'iicis, pi. ver'tices [L.] i. The crown of the head; the topmost point of the vault of the skull, a landmark in craniometry. 2. In obstetrics the portion of the fetal head bounded by the planes of the trachelobregmatic and bi- parietal diameters, with the lesser fontanelle at the apex. v. cor'dis, the apex of the heart. ver'tical. i. Relating to the vertex, or crown of the head. is. Perpendicular. ver'ticil [L. veriicillum, dim. of vertex, a whirl.] A whorl, a collection of similar parts radiating from a common axis. verticill'ate. Whorled, disposed in the form of a verticil. VerticiU'ium [L. verticillum, a whorl.] A genus of hyphomycetous fungi. V. candela'brum, a spe- cies found in decayed wood and, it is claimed, also in the excretions in scarlet fever. V. graph'ii, a mould occasionally found in the meatus in cases of otitis externa. verticomen'tal. Relating to the crown of the head and the chin, noting a diameter in craniometry. vertiginous (vur-tij'in-us) [L. veriiginosus.] Relat- ing to or suffering from vertigo. ver'tigo (vur'ti-go, vur-ti'go) [L. vertere, to turn around.] 1. Dizziness, giddiness, a sensation of irregular or whirling motion, either of oneself (subjective v.) or of external objects (objective v.)'. 2. In the horse, a cerebral affection, resembling epilepsy in man;- the animal shakes his head, reels, stands still or runs, and finally falls to the ground partly insensible or in convulsions; the attack lasts but a short time and at its conclusion ' the animal rises and proceeds on his way. au'di- tory v., M^ni^re's* disease, endem'ic paralyt'ic v., Gerlier's* disease, gas'tric v., v. sympto- matic of disease of the stomach, height v., diz- ziness experienced when looking down from a great height or in looking up a high building or cliff, horizon'tal v., dizziness experienced on lying down, kayak' v., see kayak, labyrin'- VERTIGO 1098 VESICOTOMY thine v., M6ni^re's'<' disease, laryn'geal v., a paroxysmal neurosis characterized by attacks of coughing, with unusual sensations, as of tickling, in the throat, followed by a brief period of un- consciousness, lat'erol v., dizziness caused by watching the telegraph poles and fences from the ■window of a railway carriage, oc'ular v., dizzi- ness caused by refractive errors in the eye or im- balance of the extrinsic muscles, par'alyzing v., Gerlier's* disease, ro'tary v., a form in which there is a sensation of rotation in a definite direc- tion of the surrounding objects as well as of one- self, sham-move'ment v., dizziness accom- panied by an impression as if the body were ro- tating or as if objects were rotating about it. stom'achal v., v., often accompanied by loss of consciousness, due to distention of the stomach and arrest of digestion, systemat'ic v., rotary V. V. ab au're lee'so, v. dependent upon chronic middle-ear lesions. T. a stom'acho Ise'so, v. from an injured stomach, v. occurring as a symp- tom of dilatation or other abnormality of the stomach, stomachal v. Terumontanitis (ve-ru-mon-tan-i'(e')tis) . CoUicu- litis. verumonta'num [L. veru, a. spit, a broach, -t- montaniis, mountainous.] CoUiculus seminalis [BNA]. ver'vain. Verbena. vesalianum (ves-a-11-a'num). Vesalius's* bone in the foot. Vesa'lius's bones [Andreas Vesalius, Latinized form of Andr6 Wesal, Italian anatomist at Padua, bom in Bnissels, called, the "Father of Anatomy," 1514—1564.] Sesamoid bones, one or more in the tendon of origin of the gastrocnemius muscle, another on the outer border of the foot in the angle between the cuboid and the 5 th metatarsal bones. V.'s fora'men, a minute and not constant opening in the sphenoid bone, anterior and inter- nal to the foramen ovale, transmitting a small emissary vein from the cavernous sinus. V.'s glands, mucous glands in the bronchi. V.'s lig'- ament, Poupart's ligament, ligamentum* ingui- nale. V.'s vein, the emissary vein passing through V.'s foramen. vesa'nia [L. ve- negative -I- sanus, sound.] Insanity. Tasanlc [L. vesanus, insane.] Relating to insanity: insane. vesi'ca, gen. and pi. vesi'ccB [L.] A bladder, v. fel'- lea [BNA], gall-bladder, a pear-shaped receptacle on the under surface of the liver, in a hollow between the right lobe and the quadrate lobe, containing bile. V. prostafica, utriculus pros- taticus [BNA]. v. urina'ria [BNA], urinary bladder, a musculomembranous elastic bag serv- ing as a storage place for the urine which is received from the kidneys through the two ureters and is discharged voluntarily through the urethra. ves'ical. Relating to the bladder, v. re'flez, the desire to urinate caiised by moderate distention of the bladder, r. tri'angle, trigonum vesicae [BNA]. ves'icant. i. Blistering, epispastic. a. An agent which produces a blister, a vesicatory. Vesica'ria commu'nis [L. vesica, bladder (because of its bladder-like pod) ; communis, common.] Common bladder-plant; the tincture is employed in eclectic practice in the treatment of cystitis and other urinary affections. ves'icate. To blister, ves'icating coUo'dion, col- lodium cantharidatum. ves'icating oint'ment, an ointment of stronger ammonia water 17, oil of sweet almond 2, lard 31, used as a coimterirritant and vesicant, ves'icating plas'ter, ceratum can- tharidis. vesica'tion. i. The production of a blister, a. A blister. ves'icatoiy. Vesicant. vesicle (ves'I-kl) [L. vesicula, little bladder.] i. A small circiiinscribed elevation en the skin, con- taining non-purulent fluid. 2. A small sac con- taining liquid or gas. air v., pulmonary v., alveolus pulmonis, pi. alveoli pulmonum- [BNA]. allanto'ic v., the hollow portion of the allantois. archoplasmic v. (ar-ko-plaz'mik), 3 vesicle formed from the attraction-sphere of a spermatid which becomes the tail-sheath of the spermato- zoon, acous'tic v., au'ditoiy v., the embryonic expansion of the epiblast on either side, which develops into the membranous labyrinth, otic v. blastoder'mic v., blastocyst, cer'ebralv., enceph- al'ic v., one of the three divisions of the primitive brain; the anterior is the prosencephalon, the middle the mesencephalon, and the posterior the rhombencephalon, germ'inal v., the large spher- ical nucleus embedded in the protoplasm of the ovum, lentic'ular v., in embryology, a structure formed by cupping of the ocular vesicle from which the crystalline lens is developed, oc'ular v., in embryology, a hollow protrusion from the forebrain from which are developed the structures of the eye. olfac'tory v., an outgrowth of the anterior cerebral v. from which are developed the olfactory lobe and tract, optic v., octdar v. otic v., acoustic v. prim'itive cer'ebral v., one of the three enlargements into which the primitive brain is incompletely divided, from before back- ward the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon, and the rhombencephalon, sem'inal v., vesicula seminalis. umbil'ical v., the portion of the yolk- sac in the embryo which is outside the body cavity, communicating with it at the timbilicus through the omphalomesenteric duct. ves'icoabdom'inal. Relating to the urinary bladder and the abdominal wall. vesicocele (vesl-ko-sel) [L. vesica, bladder, -I- G. kele, hernia.] Cystocele. vesicocer'vical. Relating to the urinary bladder and the cervix uteri. vesicoc'lysis [L. vesica, bladder, + G. Uysis, a washing out.] Washing out, or lavage, of the urinary bladder. vesicoflxa'tion [L. vesica, bladder.] i. Cystopexy. i. Attachment by suture of the uterus to the bladder wall. vesicoprostat'ic. Relating to the bladder and the prostate gland. vesicopu'bic. Relating to the bladder and the os pubis, noting the v. ligament, plica pubovesicalis [BNA], and the 11. muscle, a band of muscular fibers passing from the lower part of the bladder, on either side of the middle line, to the pubes. vesicorectal (ves"i(-ko-rek'tal). Relating to the bladder and the rectum, noting a peritoneal fold on either side, in the male. vesicosigmoid (ves"i[-ko-sig'moyd). Relating to the bladder and the sigmoid colon. vesicosigmoidos'tomy [L. vesica, bladder, + sigmoid + G. stoma, mouth.] The operative formation of a communication between the bladder and the sigmoid colon. vesicospi'nal. Relating to the urinary bladder and the spinal cord, noting a nerve-center in the lum- bar cord controlling urination. vesicot'omy [L. vesica, bladder, + G. tome, incision 1 Cystotomy. SICOUMBILICAL 1099 VESTIGIAL coumbilical (ves'l-ko-um-bil'I-kal). Relating to tie urinary bladder and the umbilicus, noting liree so-called ligaments, or folds of peritoneum, assing between the two, viz., the plica imibili- alis media [BNA], and the plica umbilicalis iteralis [BNA] on either side, icoureteral (ves'1-ko-u-re'ter-al). Relating to he bladder and the ureters. icouterine (ves"i(-ko-u'ter-in). Relating to the iladder and the uterus, noting the v. ligament, ilica vesicouterina, on either side, and a pouch, xcavatio rectouterina [BNA], between the wo. icouterovaginal (ves"I-ko-u"ter-o-vaj'in-al). Re- ating to the bladder, uterus, and vagina. icoyaginal (ves-I-ko-vaj'in-al). Relating to the )ladder and vagina, noting a fistula sometimes )roduced by pressure of the fetal head in a tedious abor. icoyaginoiectal (vesl-ko-vaj'in-o-rek'tal). Re- ating to the bladder, vagina, and rectum, noting I fistulous communication between the vagina md the bladder and rectum. ic'ula, gen. and pi. vesic'ula [L. dim. of vesica.] Vesicle, a small bladder or bladder-like structure. r. fel'lis [L. fel, bile], vesica fellea [BNA], gall- bladder. V. graafia'na, Graafian* follicle, v. >phthal'mica [BNA], ophthalmic vesicle, len- ioular vesicle, an embryological structure Tom which the crystalline lens is developed, v. iemina'lis [BNA], one of two hollow sacculated itructures lying between the rectum and the bladder, apparently a. diverticulum of the duc- ;us deferens, serving as a reservoir for the semen. J. sero'sa, the false or mesoblastic amnion, v. imbilica'Us, umbilical vesicle.* lic'ular. Relating to a vesicle, containing vesicles. T. column, Clarke's* column, v. fe'ver, (i) a lisease marked by a localized pain followed by \ vesicular eruption, becoming general, accom- oanied by a slight rise of temperature; (2) pemphigus, v. murmur, the normal respiratory lound heard on auscultation, v. nerve-substance, l^ray matter of the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia. T. rfile, crepitant r41e. v. res'onance, the per- lussion sound over a normal lung. ic'ulate. j.. To become vesicular. ;i. Vesicu- ated. ic'ulated. Vesicular, containing vesicles, icula'tion [L. vesicula, dim. of vesica bladder.] [. The formation of vesicles. 2. Inflation. 3. Che presence of a number of vesicles. liculec'tomy [L. vesicula, vesicle, -I- G. ektome, sxcision.] Resection of a portion or all of each of ;he seminal vesicles; an operation for producing iterility. ic'uliform [L. vesicula, vesicle, + forma, form.] Resembling a vesicle. icuUtis (ves-ik-u-li'(le')tis). Inflammation of any reside, specifically inflammation of a seminal iculobronchial (ves-ik'u-lo-brongTd-al). Notmg m avisciiltatory sound partaking of both a vesicular and a bronchial character. iculocav'emous. i. Noting an auscultatory ound partaking of both a vesicular and a cavem- ,us quality. 2. Both vesicular and cavernous, loting the structure of certain neoplasms.^ iculopus'tular. Noting a mixed eruption of resides and pustules. ic'ulose. Vesicular. . . iculot'omy [L. vesicula, vesicle, + G. tome, mci- lion.l Division of the seminal vesicles. jicuiotubular (ves-ik'u-lo-tu'bu-lar) . Noting an auscultatory sound partaking of both a ve- sicular and a tubular quality. vesic"ulotympan'ic. Noting a percussion sound partaking of both a vesicular and a tympanic quality. vesic'ulous. Vesiculose, vesicidar. vesipy'rine. Acetyl salol, occurs as a white powder or colorless crystals, insoluble in water; employed in neiiralgia, rheumatism, and influenza in doses of gr. lo-ao (0.6-1.3). vespa'jus [L. vespa, wasp.] i. Suppurative inflam- mation of the hair-follicles of the scalps 2. A small carbuncle. vess'el [L. vascellum, dim. of vas, vessel.] Vas, angeion, a duct or canal conveying any liquid, such as blood, lymph, chyle, or semen, absorb'- ent v., lymphatic vessel, blood v., vas sanguin- eum [BNA], one of the tubes conveying blood — artery, vein, or capillary, chyle v.j one of the afferent lymphatics from the intestinal wall to a mesenteric node, collat'eral v., vas coUaterale, a branch of an artery running parallel with the parent trunk, lac'teal v., chyle v. lymphat'ic v., lymph v., vas lymphaticum, one of the tubes or dongated spaces serving as channels for the conveyance of lymph, nu'trient v., nutrient artery, an artery supplying the bone tissue. sem'inal v., vas deferens ; vesicula seminalis. vessignon (vesl-nyon, ve-se-nyon') [Fr.] Wind-gall. vestib'ular. Relating to a vestibule, especially the vestibule of the ear. vestib'ulate. Vestibular. yes'tibule [L. vestibulum, an entrance-court.] i. A small cavity or a space at the entrance of a canal; see the subtitles under vestibulum. 2. Specifically, vestibulum* labyrinth!. vestibulot'omy [L. vestibulum, vestibule, -t- G. tom^, incision.] Operation for opening into the vesti- bule of the labyrinth; it is called superior or inferior according as the opening is made from above or from below. vestibulourethral (ves-tib"u-lo-u-re'thral). Relating to the vestibulum vaginae and the urethra. vestib'ulum, gen. vestib'uli, pi. vestib'ula [L. an antechamber.] Vestibule, v. ana'le, an invagi- nation on the surface of the embryo where later the anus is formed, v. aor'tae, the portion of the ventricle of the heart immediately below the aortic orifice, v. bur'ss omenta'lis fBNA], the upper part of the bursa omentalis, just within the epiploic foramen (of Winslow), behind the caudate lobe of the liver the posterior surface of which it invests with peritoneum, v. laby- rin'thi, the central, somewhat ovoid, cavity of the osseous labyrinth communicating with the semicircular canals behind and the cochlea anteriorly, v. laryu'gis, vestibule of thelarynx, false glottis, the upper part of the laryngeal cavity from the aperture to the false vocal cords. V. na'si, the anterior part of the nasal cavity, practically that enclosed by cartilage, v. o'ris, the entrance to the mouth; the space between the lips and the gums and teeth, v. puden'di, V. vaginae, v. vagi'nae [BNA], the space behind the glans clitoridis between the labia minora, containing the openings of the vagina, urethra, and ducts of Bartholin's glands. vestige (ves'tij) [L. vestigium, a footstep.] A trace, a rudimentary structufe; the remains of a struc- ture in the embryo or one corresponding to a perfect structure in one of the lower animals. vestigial (ves-tij'J-al). Relating to a vestige; rudimentary, v. fold, a triangiilar duplicature of the serous layer of the pericardimu, endosing VESTIGIAL VICTORIUI areolar tissue, fat, blood-vessels, and nerves, between the left pulmonary artery and the pul- monary veins, v. muscle, v. organ, an imperfect structtire in man corresponding to a functionating muscle or organ in the lower animals, v. rc'flex, a reflex due to conditions affecting the lower order of creation but no longer present in man. vestigium (ves-tij'I-uni) [I>.] Vestige. vesu'vine. Bisniarck-brown, metaphenylene dia- mine-diazobimetaphenylenediamine hydrochlo- ride, a dye vised as a nuclear stain in histology. ves'ypin; Acetylsalol. ' veta (va'tah) [Sp.] A South American term for mountain-sickness. vef'erina'rian [L. veierinarius; veterina, beast of burden.] One who studies and treats the dis- eases of the horse' and other of the domestic animals, a veterinary physician' or surgeon. vet'erinary [L. veterinarius.] i. Relating to the horse and other domestic animals, especially to the pathology and treatment of- the diseases to which they are subject. 2. A veterinarian, v. med'icine, v. Bur'gery, the science and art of medicine and surgery as applied to the domestic animals. - vi'a, pi. vi'ie [L. way, road.] Any passage in the body, as the intestine, the vagina, etc. per vi'as natura'les, through natural channels, noting the birthof a child through'the vagina as distinguished from delivery by cesarean section.- pzi'tass vi'ae, the first channels for the passage of nutriment, that is to say the aliruentary canal. secu!n'd£e ■vi'ae, the second channels for the passage of nutriment into the body, that is' to say the lac- teals and blood-vessels. viabil'ity [Fr. viabiliiS; L. vita, life.] Capability of living, the state of being viable. vi'able [Fr.; L. vita, life, + habilis, fit.] Capable of living, noting a fetus sufficiently developed to live outside of the womb, i.e. a fetus of seven months or older. vi'al [G. phiale, a drinking-cup.] Phial, a small bottle for holding liquid medicines. vi'bex, vi'bix, pi. vibi'ces [L. the mark of a blow.] A linear ecchjrmosis. vi'bratile. Vibrating, having an- oscillatory move- ment, as the cilia- or flagella of certain micro- organisms. vibra'tion [L. vibratio; vibi-are, to shake.] A shak- ing, a to-and-fro movement, oscillation. vi'bratiTe. Vibratory. vi'brator. An instrument used for imparting -vibra- tions, used in -vibratory massage. viTiratory. Vibrative, marked by vibrations. Vib'rio [L. vibra're, to vibrate.] A genus of Spiril- lacece, the members of which are now usually referred to Spirillum; also a flexible bacillus ha-ving sinuous snake-like movements. V. chol'erse, cholera bacillus, comma bacillus. Spirillum* cholera asiatica.- V. giil'dha, a motile comma-shaped- organism -with a long single polar flagellum, found in cases of paracholera occur- ring at Gindha, in Erythrea, and elsewhere. V. kegallen'sis, a microorganism morphologically and culturally resenibling V. cholera, but not agglutinated by -£he' cholera serum. V. massah'- USB, Massowah -vibrio, isolated from cases of a disease indistinguishable clinically from cholera, which differs from V. cholera, in having two terminal flagella at each end. V. metchniko'vi, spirillum of Gamaleia. V. parachorerse, V. kegallensis. V. pro'teus, Pinkler-Prior spiril- lum.* V. Bchuylkiliensis (skool-kil-e-en'sis) , an organism resembling the comma bacillus found in sewage-contaminated water of tl Schuylkill River at Philadelphia. V. sep'ticti . vibrion septique. V. tyrog'enum, spirillum * ( Denecke. vibrion septique (v'e-bre-on' sep-tek') [Fr. sept: vibrio.] A Gram-negative anaerobic microorgai ism of variable morphology, pathogenic for ma and laboratory animals, causing a blood-staine edema. vibris'sa, gen. and pi. vibris'see. One of the haii growing at the anterior nares, or vestibulum nas vibromasseur (vi"kro-mas-er'). An instrument fc giving -vibratory massage, vibrator. vibrom'eter [L. vibrare, to shake, -|- metrun measure.] An instrument for making auditor massage. vi'brophone [L. vibrare, to shake, -H phone, sound An instrument for effecting auditory massage b means of sound waves. vi"brotherapeu'tics [L. vibrare, to shake, -I- G. then peud, I treat.] Seismotherapy, -vibratory massagi vibur'num op'ulus (N.F.). Cramp-bark, cranberrj tree bark; employed as an antispasmodic i asthma, hysteria, and dysmenorrhea, in doses c gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0). V. prunifo'Uum (U.S. black haw, the bark of the root of Vibumm prunifolium, sheep-berry, stag-bush; employed i dysmenorrhea in- doses of gr. 20—60 (1.3—4.0). vlca'rious [L. vicarius, substituted, delegated Compensatory, substitutive, v. menstrua'tioi periodical losses of blood from the stomach c other part in cases in which normal menstruatio is absent, v. respira'tion, increased respirator action in one lung when that in the other l-ung i diminished or abolished. vice [L. vitiiim.l In pathology, a defect or impel fection, especially in physical conformation, Vichy, France (ve-she). Alkaline and ferruginoii waters containing carbonic acid gas, 35° F. t 105° F. Numerous springs. Used by drinkin and bathing in dyspepsia, the uric-acid diathesii hepatic disorders, diabetes, catarrh of the urinar organs, gout,- rheumatism, diseases of womei neuralgia, certain types of anemia, gastric -ulc« (non-hemorrhagic), sequelae of malaria, chroni pharygitis, and respiratory affections. May i to September 30. vicious (-vish'tis) [L. vitiosus.] Faulty, defectivi harmful, v. cica'trix, one which by its contra< tion causes a deformity, v. circle, see under circli Vicq d'Azyr's band (vik-dS-zer) [F^lix Vicq d'Asy, Parisian anatomist, 1 748-1 794.] The outer ban of Baillarger in the region of the calcarine fissuri V. d'A.'s bundle, fasciculus thalamomamillarii V. d.'A.'s centrum semiova'le, Vieussens* cer trum ovale, centrum* semiovale [BNAl. \ d'A.'s fora'men, foramen cicum (2). V. d'A.' line, V. d'A.'s band. V. d'A.'s opera'tlon, cricc thyroid laryngotomy. Victo'ria blue [after Queen Victoria of Englan< 1819-1901.] A dye, phenyltetramethyltriamidc alphanaphthyl - diphenylcarbinol hydrochloridi occurring in the form of a bronze crystallin powder forming a blue solution in water; used £ a stain in histology. V. orange, an alkaline sa of dinitrocresol, aniline orange,- English yellov a reddish yellow stain used in histology. Victo'ria Min'eral Springs, Nebraska. Alkalini saline-calcic waters, 55° F. S^ven spring Used by drinking in disorders of the stomach an kidneys. victo'rium. A supposed metallic element discovere by Sir William Crookes, the existence of which i however, doubtful. DAL'S METHOD VINCnL'UM lal's meth'od (ve-dal') [Enule Vidal, Parisian lermatologist, 1823-1893.] Treatment of lupus 'Tilgaris by scarification. lal's opera'tion (ve-dal') [Auguste Theodore Vidal de Cassis, French surgeon, ^803-1856.] Subcutaneous ligature of the veins for, the cure of raricocele. I'iau. Named after or described by Vidus Vidius, Latinized form of Guide Guidi, Italian anato- uist, *i569. V. ar'tery, arteria canalis ptery- joidei. V. canal', canalis pterygoideus. V. lerve, nervus canalis pterygoidei. V. plexus, a Dlexus of the -Y. nerve aroijnid .the V. artery. V. rein, vena canalis pterygoidei. sn'na caus'tic. Potassa cum calce. V. paste, V. caustic made into a firm paste with water for ;onvenience of application. irordt's hemotachom'eter (fer'ort) [Karl Vier- ■>rdi, (Jerman physiologist, 1818-1884.] An instrument for measuring the rapidity of the 'flow Df blood in the arteries. sussens's an'nulus (vy6-son') [Raymond Vieussens, [French anatomist, 1641— 1716.] Limbus fossae Dvalis. V.'s ansa, ansa subclavia. V.'s ar'teiy, i branch of the right coronary artery supplying the celltilofatty tissue in front of the pulmonary artery. V.'s cen'trum ova'le, the white substance of each cerebral hemisphere as. seen on horizontal section made just above the level of the corpus callosum, centrum- semiovale [BNA]. V.'s foram'ina. Thebesian foramina, foramina* vena- rum minimarum. V.'s gan'glion, plexus coeli- acus. V.'s isth'mus, V.'s annulus. V.'s lim'bus, V.'s annvilus. V.'s loop, V.'s ansa. V.'s ring, V.'s annulus. V.'s valve, (i) velum meduUare anterius; (2) an inconstant and insufficient valve in the large coronary vein of the heart as it widens into the coronary sinus. V.'s veins, in- nominate cardiac veins, the small super- ficial coronary veins of the heart. V.'s ven'tricle, Sylvian ventricle, fifth ventricle, ventriculus* septi pellucidi. er'ral. Hydronal. 3I (vij'il) [L. waking.] Wakefulness, sleepless- ness, insomnia, coma v., a state of muttering delirium in which the person is lethargic and partly conscious, yet never actually sleeping or completely comatose. rilam'bulism [L. vigil, waking, + ambulare, to walk about.] A condition of unconsciousness regarding one's surroundings, with automatism, resembling somnambulism but occiuring in the traking state. rjlance (vij'il-ans). Agrypnia, insomnia, pervi- gilium, morbid wakefulness. rin"tinor'mal [L. viginti, twenty.] One-twentieth of the normal, noting the strength of a solution. jnal's cells (vin-yal') [Guillaume Vignal, French physiologist, 19th century.] Embryonal con- aective-tissue cells associated with the axis- cylinders of nerves in the fetus ; they elongate and become curved, forming a sheath for the axis- cylinder; there is one cell to each interannular segment'; they secrete the myelin Ztfs plas'ter (ve'go) [Giovanni da Vtgo, Itahan physician, i46o-i534(?)-] A diachylon plaster containing mercury and eleven other ingredients, official in the French Codex. V.'s pow'der, red oxide of mercury. ^ ^ ^^ . r'oral Trade name of a beef food-preparation. ffouroux's sign (ve-goo-roo') [Auguste Vigouroux, French neurologist, 19th century.] Charcot*- Vigouroux sign, llafd's butt'on (ve-lar') [E. Villard, French sur- . ■ .geon in Lyons, contemppt.g,iry..] A modified Murphy's button. ,: ")•''■' ■ _.^ Villate's mix'ture or solu'tio».(ve-lat'). Mistara adstringens.CN.P.). . 1 • ■ . ,s Villemin!s the'pry (vel-man') [Jean Antoine Ville- ■ mi-n, French. military surgeon, i8!!7-i892.] The -, theory of the Specificity, ineoulability, and infec- tiousness of tuberculosis, promulgated in 1865. vill'i. PI. of villus, araqh'iioid ,»V'»< Pacchionian* bodies, chorion'ic v., vascular processes on the chorion of the embryo in. the early stages of its development, later entering into . the formation of the placenta, v. intestina'les-[BNA],,in,testinal v., numerous minute filiform projections from the mucous membrane of -the .small intestine which give to its surface a velvety appearance; they ^contain blood-vessels and -lacteals. v. pericardi^i, pericardial v., minute .filiform pro- jections from the free .surface, of the pericardium. v.peritonea'les, peritpneal v., v. on the surface of the peritoneum, v. pleura^les [.SNA], pleural v., shaggy appendages on the pleura in the neighbor- hood of the costomediastinal sinus, v. syno- via'ies [BNA], synovial v., synovial tufts, micro- scopic thread-like vasculjir processes given off ■ from a synovial membrane. villitis-(vil-i'(e<)tis). Coronitis. villo'ma [L. villus + G. -5ma.] A villous tumor, papilloma. . yiil'ose. Villous. villositis (vil-os-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the villous surface of the rplacenta. villos'ity. Shagginess; an aggregation of villi. vill'ous. Covered with villi, shaggy, v. tumor, papilloma vill'iis, pi. villi [L. a tuft of hair.] A minute pro- jection from the surface, especially of a mucous membrane; see under f«7M. vin [Fr.] Wine. viu. Abbreviation of L. vinum, wine. Vin'cent's an'gina [H. Vincent, Parisian physician, *i862.] Ulceromembranous angina; inflamma- tion of the tonsil characterized by a pseudomem- branous exudate and subsequent ulceration, accompanied>by painful swelling of the neighbor- . ing lymphatic nodes, fever, and other -signs of systemic infection; a fusiform bacillusC?) and a protozoan organism, S'pirochtEta angints vincenti, both possibly forms of one and the same trypano- some, have been found in the lesion. V.'s bacill'- us, a fusiform organism, about 10 or 12 /i in length, not cultivable on the usual media. Gram- negative, found in cases of V.'s angina in associa- tion -with a spirochete. V.'s spiril'lum, the spiril- lum or spirochete foimd in association -with V.'s bacillus. Vin'cent's pow'der. A mixture of one part of calcium hjrpochlorate -with nine parts of boric acid. vincetox'lcum. The root of Vincetoxicum officinale or Cynanchum vincetoxicum, swallow-wort, a plant of middle Europe, employed in domestic medicine in the treatment of dropsy, and also in veterinary practice as an emetic. yin'culum, pi. vin'.cula [L a fetter.] Frenum, frenu- lum! ligament. V. lin'guse, frenulum linguse. vin'-cula lin'gulse cerebell'i [BNA], the lateral prolongations of the lingula of the vermis of the cerebellum resting on the anterior medullary velum. V. prtepu'tii, frenulum prasputii. v. ten'dinum, (i) [BNA] [one of the li^ameptous fibers .connecting t^e flexor tendphs of tlie fingers > to- -the-, basal phalanges; ,(2) retinacvilum* tendinum; - - . ,. j ,.,.,, .,_ VINEGAR VIOLE vin'egar [Fr. vinaigre; vin, wine, + aigre, sour.] Acetum,* impure dilute acetic acid, made from wine, cider, malt, etc. ice v., glacial acetic acid, thieves* v., acetum aromaticum. v. of lead, lead water, liquor* plumbi subacetatis dilutus. wood v., pyroligneous acid, an impure acetic acid obtained by the dry distillation of wood. vi'nic [L. mnunty wine.] Relating to or derived from wine. vinopy'rine. Trade name of a white crystalline powder said to be paraphenetidin bitartrate; employed as an antipyretic in doses of gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3). vi'nous. Relating to, containing, or of the nature of wine. vi'num, gen. vi'ni, pi. vi^na [L.] i. Wine. ». A pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a solu- tion of one or more medicinal substances in wine, usually white wine because of its comparative freedom from iannin. T. al'bum, white wine, the fermented juice of the grape, the fresh fruit of Vitis vinifera, freed from seeds, skins, and stems. V. album hispa'num, v. xericum. V. antimonia'le (Br.), v. antimo'nii (N.F.), antimo- nial wine, wine of antimony; antimony and potassium tartrate 4, boiling distilled water 25, sherry wine to make 1000 (N.F.); tartarated antimony 40 grains, boiling distilled water i ounce, sherry ig ounces (Br,); expectorant dose, 1510-30 (0,6-2.0), emetic dose, ■ 1530-60 (2.0-4.0). T. auran'tii, orange wine; (i) (Br.) made by the fermentation of a syrup containing fresh bitter orange peel; used as a flavor; (2) oil of bitter orange in alcohol and sherry; used as a vehicle and flavoring agent. V. auran'tU compos'itum (N.F.), compound orange wine, compound elixir of orange; prepared by perco- lating bitter orange peel 200, absinthium, buckbean, and cascarilla, each 65. Saigon cinnamon and gentian, each 43, potassium carbonate 10, with sherry enough to make 1000; bitter tonic in dose of 5^ (4o)" V. auran'tii detanna'tum (B.P.C.), detannated orange wine; gelatin i, orange wine 640, macerate 24 hours and decant. V. car'nis (N.F.), wine of beef, beef and wine; ex- tract of beef in alcohol, syrup, and sherry flavored with compound spirit of orange; tonic in dose of $2 (8.0). V. car'na et fer'ri (N.F.) , wine of beef and iron; beef, wine,, and iron; same as the preceding with the addi- tion of 154 (o . 35) iron and ammonium citrate in each dose of 32 (8.0). v. car'nis, fer'ri, et cincho'nse, wine of beef, iron, and cinchona; beef, wine, iron, and cinchona, same as the preceding with the addition of quinine sulphate gr. ■1.(0; 008) and cinchonidine sulphate gr. ^^ (0.004) in . each dose of 5i C4.0). v. chalybea'tum, chalybeate wine, v. ferri (N.F.), V. ferri citratis (Br.). V. co'cse, wine of coca; fluidextract of coca 65, alcohol 7S. sugar 65, red wine to make 1000; dose 32-8 (4.0- 16.0). V. co'cfiB aromat'icum, aromatic wine of coca or of erythroxylon; each dose of 52 (8.0) contains fluidex- -tract of coca 11118 (o.S) with compound elixir of taraxa- cum, syrup of coffee, aromatic elixir, port, and sherry; tonic and stimulant. V. col'chici (Br.), colchicum wine; colchicumcorm 4, sherry 20; dose, TfRio-30 (0.6-2.0). V. col'chici cor'mi (N.F.), wine of colchicum corm, wine of colchicum root; colchicum corm 400, alcohol ISO. sherry wine to make 1000; dose hrio (0.6). V. col'chici sem'inis (N.F.), wine of colchicum seed; fluidextract of colchicum seed 100, alcohol 150, sherry wine 7 so; this is ^ the strength of the preparation of the U.S.P. 1890; dose 1530 (2.0). V. digita'lis compos'itum, compound wine of digi- talis, V. diureticum, Trousseau's diuretic wine; digitalis 5, squill 7.S( juniper berries 75, potassmm acetate so, alcohol 100, white wine 900; diuretic in cardiac or renal dropsy in doses of 53-4 (8.0-16.0). V. diuref icum, diuretic Vine, v. digitalis compositui V. ergo'ta, wine of ergot; fluidextract of ergot 20 alcohol so. white wine 750; this is about J strong than the preparation of the U.S.P. 1890; dose, 3i- (4.0-16.0), V. fer'ri (N.F.) wine of iron, v. chalybeatum; ir( and ammonium citrate 40, tincture of sweet orani peel 60, syrup 100, white wine to make 1000; doa 3 1-4 (4.0-16.0). v. fer'ri ama'rum (N.F.) , bitter wine of iron ; iron ai quinine citrate 50, tincture of sweet orange peel 6 S3rrup 300, white wine to make 1000; tonic chalybea in doses of 5 1-4 (4.0-16.0). V. fer'ri citra'tis (Br.), wine of iron citrate; ironar ammonium citrate 160 grains, orange wine 20 ounce dose, 31—4 (4.0-16.0). V. fraz'ini (N.F.), wine of white ash; white ash bai Soo, percolated with alcohol 125, and sherry wine 87, each dose of 5r (40) representing gr. 30 (2.0) of tl bark; alterative and emmenagogue. V. ipecacuan'hee (N.P.. Br.), wine of ipecac; flui< extract of ipecac 100, alcohol 100, white wine 8c (N.F.); liquid extract of ipecac i, sherry 19 (Br. expectorant and diaphoretic dose, lHio-30 (0.6-2.0 emetic dose 3i (30.0). V. o'pii, wine of opium, Sydenham's laudanun opium 100. Saigon cinnamon 10. cloves 10, alcoh< ISO, white wine 8so; dose, njs- 20 (0.3-1 .3). V. pepsi'ni (N.F.), wine of pepsin; glycerite of pepsi in alcohol and sherry, each dose of Ss (S.o) containii gr. 2 (0.13) of pepsin. V, pi'cis (N.F.), wine of tar; each dose of 5a (8.( contains gr. la (0.8) of tar; stimulant expectorant. V, porten'se, port, port wine, a reddish brown wii originally obtained from. Oporto, Portugal, but no extensively made in California; it contains from z6 1 22 per cent, of alcohol. V, pru'ni virginia'nae (N.F.), wild cherry win< each dose of 3i (4.0) represents gr. 15 (i.o) of wil cherry bark percolated with sweetened angelica wini tonic and astringent. V. pru'ni virginia'nfie ferra'tum (N.F.), ferrate wine of wild cherry; same as the preceding with tt addition of tincture of citrochloride of iron Tips (o.; in each dose of 3 1 (4.0). V. quini'nse (Br.), quinine wine; quinine hydn chloride 20 grains, orange wine 20 ounces; dose 5i~ (is. 0-3 0.0). V. rhe'i compos'itum (N.F.), compound wine of rhi barb, formerly called tinctura rhei vinosi; fluidextrai of rhubarb 80, fluidextract of bitter orange peel 2< tincture of cardamom 80, sugar 125, sherry wine t make 1000; dose, 5x (4.0). V. ru'brum, red wine, claret, an alcoholic liquor mac by fermenting grapes, the fruit of Vitis vinifera, wit their skins; employed as a tonic in convalescence froi acute disease, and in pharmacy as the base of wine 1 coca. V. zer'icum (N.F.), sherry, sherry wine, a wine < amber color obtained from Xeres, Spain; it contaii about 20 per cent, of alcohol; directed by the Nation! Formulary to be used in the preparation of its offici vi'nyl [L. vinum, wine, + G. hyle, stuff.] A univi lent radical, CH2CH. v. benzene, styrol. ■ bromide, ethylene bromide. vi'oform. lodochloroxyquinoline, a greenish ye low powder, nearly odorless, insoluble in wate obtained by treating an alkaline solution ( chlorinated hydroxyquinoline with iodine; en ployed as a substitute for iodoform. Vi'ola [L. violet.] A genus of flowering plan including the pansies and violets. V, odora't the sweet or English, violet, contains an alkaloii violine, resembling emetine in action. V. tri color, pansy, hearts* ease, formerly employed : cutaneous disorders and in tuberculosis. vi'olet. I. Viola odorata. 2. A purple color, tl color at the actinic end of the spectrum, gei tian v., see under gentian, methyl v., see und methyU V J-V^AjAl^ SOj 1 103 ViSUl!.KUUJirMiU vi'oline. An emetic alkaloid from Viola* odorata, and V. tricolor. vioUn'ist's cramp. A professional neurosis affecting the fingers of the left hand, or sometimes the right arm, in violin players. vi'perine [L. vip:rinus.'\ i. Relating to or derived from a viper. 2. Serpentaria. Vipond'B sign (ve-pawu') [Vipond, French physician, contemporary.] A generalized adenopathy occurring during the period of incubation of various of the exanthemata of childhood, afford- ing an early diagnostic sign in a case of known exposure. viragin'ity [L. virago, an amazon.] The presence of pronounced masculine qualities in a woman. Virchow's angle (fer'khS) [Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist and anthropologist, 1821-1902.] An angle formed by the meeting of a line drawn from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the base of the anterior nasal spine with a line drawn from this last point to the center of the external auditory meatus. V.'s ax'iom, "omnis cellula e cellula," every cell from a cell. V.'s cells or cor'- puscles, (i) the lacunse in osseous tissue contain- ing the bone-cells, also the bone-cells themselves ; (2) corneal corpuscles. V.'s crys'tals, hematoidin crystals, V.'s disease', (i) acute congenital encephalitis; (2) leontiasis ossea. V.'s gland, a lymph-node lying behind the clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle; its cancerous enlargement constitutes Troisier's* ganglion. V.'s law, there is no special ttmior cell, for the cells of all tumors spring from preexisting cells. V.'s psammo'ma, a collection of small cerebral tumors developing at the expense of the pia mater or of the pial vessels ; called also angiolithic sarcoma. Vir'chow-Has'sall bod'ies. Hassall's* concentric corpuscles. Vir'chow-Hol'der angle. Virchow's* angle. Vir'chow-Robin' space, Robin's* space. virga (ver'gah) [L. a rod.] Penis. virgin (vur'jin) [L. virgo.'] i. A woman (or a man) who has never had sexual intercourse. 2. Fresh, unused, luicontaminated. v. genera'tion, par- thenogenesis. V. oil, olive oil obtained by ex- pression from the nearly ripe fruit, v. tooth, a horse's tooth not yet worn down by attrition. virginal (vur'jin-al). Relating to a virgin, innocent ; virgin (2). v. membrane, hymen. Virgin Hot Springs, Utah. The waters register 132° F. Six springs. Used by bathing in skin diseases, rheumatism, and other disorders. Virgin'ia creeper. Ampelo'psis, a climbing vine, the leaves of which, containing tartaric acid, have been used in domestic medicine as a refrigerant. V. prune, . prunus virginiana. V. snakeroot, serpentaria. Virgin'ia Hot Springs, Virginia. See Hoi Springs, Virginia. virginity (vur-jinl-tl). The virgin state. vir'idin. An oily substance, CjiHijN, obtained by dry distillation from coal-tar and from bone-oil. vir'idine. Jervine. virile (vir'il) [L. virilis; vir, a man.] Relatmg to the male sex, masculine, v. member, penis, v. reflex, see under reflex. virilescence (vir-il-es'ens). -The assumption of male characteristics by the female, especially in the lower animals, and not infrequently in the human when past the reproductive age. viril'ia. The male sexual organs. viril'ity [L. virilitas; vir, man.] The reproductive age in the man, manhood. viripo'tent [L. vir, man, poiens, having power.] Sexually mature, noting one of the male sex. virol (vi'rol). An infant and invalid food in the form of an emulsion of eggs, yellow bone marrow, glycerin extract of red bon£ marrow, and malt extract, flavored with lemon juice. vir'ose. Poisonous, virulent. virtual (vur'chu-al) [L. virtus, power.] Potential, not actual, v. cautery, potential cautery.* v. focus, the point at which divergent rays would meet, if reversed in direction. v. image, the image which would be formed by reflected rays were they prolonged beyond the reflecting surface. virtue (vur'chu) [L. virtus.] 1. Power efficacy, said of the quality of an active medicinal substance. 2. Manliness, rectitude; chastity. virulence (vir'u-lens) [L. virulentus, full of virus, or poison.] The quality of being poisonous; the disease-producing power of a microorganism. virulent (vir'u-lent). Extremely poisonous; not- ing a markedly pathogenic microorganism. V. bubo, a chancroidal bubo. virulif'erous [L. virus(virulentus) + ferre, to carry.] Convejring virus. vir'ulin. Antiphagin. vi'rus [L. poison.] i. Contagium, the specific poison of an infectious disease. 2. Vaccine lymph, atten'uated v., a virus, or pathogenic microorganism, so modified by heat, cultivation under tmfavorable conditions, etc., as to be incapable of producing the specific disease, yet exciting to the production of protective anti- bodies, fixed v., V. of rabies of the utmost possible virulence, obtained by niunerous pas- sages through rabbits •.seev.ofthe streets, hu'man- ized v., humanized vaccine.* or'ganized v., a pathogenic microorganism, imorg'anized v., a toxin or other chemical poison produced through the action of microorganisms or the body cells. V. of the streets, the . of rabies present natiirally in rabid dogs, less potent than fixed v. v. vac- cin'icum (U.S.), vaccine virus; vaccine pulp re- moved from healthy vaccinated heifers, rubbed up in a mortar, strained, and made into a smooth emulsion with glycerin; the U.S. P. provides that only such virus shall be used as complies with the requirements of the law and the regtdations established by the U. S. Public Health Service. vis, pi. vi'res [L. force.] Force, energy, power, v. a fron'te, a force acting from in front, an obstruc- tive, restraining, or impeding force, v. a ter'go, a force acting from behind, a pushing or acceler- ating force. V. conserva'trix, the inherent power in the organism resisting the effects of injury. V. formati'va, the plastic or healing power in the organism, v. medica'triz natu'rse, the natural curative power, the power inherent in the organ- ism of overcoming disease without the aid of medicaments or other therapeutic agencies, v. ner'vea, nerve force, v. vi'tae, v. vita'lis, vital force. viscera (vis'er-ah). Plural of viscus. viscerad (vis'er-ad) [L. viscera + ad, to.] In a direction toward the viscera. visceral (vis'er-al). Relating to the viscera, splanchnic. visceralgia (vis-er-al'jJ-ah) [L. viscera + G. algos pain.] Pain in any of the viscera. visceralism (vis'er-al-izm). The theory that all disease is of visceral origin. viscerimo'tor. Visceromotor. viscerogenic (vis-er-o-jen'ik) [L. viscera + G. gennao, I produce.] Of visceral origin, noting a number of sensory and other reflexes. VISCEROINHIBITORY 1 104 VITALIST visceroinhib'itory. Restricting or arresting the functional activity of the viscera. visceromo'tor. [L. viscera + motor, mover.] i. Relating to or controlling movement in the viscera, noting the sympathetic nerves inner- vating the viscera, especially the intestines, s. Noting a movement having a. relation to the viscera, referring to reflex muscular contractions of the abdominal wall in cases of visceral disease. visceropari'etal [L. viscera + paries (pariet-), wall.] Relating to the viscera and the wall of the abdomen, noting the operation of fixation of an unduly movable organ to the abdominal wall. visceroperitoneal (vis"er-o-per-I-to-ne'al). Relating to the peritoneal and the abdominal viscera. visceropleu^ral. Pleurovisceral, relating to the pleura and the thoracic viscera. visceropto'sia [L. viscera + G. ptosis, a falling.] Splanchnoptosia. viscerosen'sory. Noting sensation in relation to the viscera, referring especially to peripheral pain or sensitiveness caused by visceral disease. visceroskel'etal. Relating to the visceral skeleton, or that part of the bony skeleton enclosing the viscera, such as the sternum, ribs, and pelvis; splanchnoskeletal. viscerosomatic (vis"er-o-so-mat'ik) . [L. viscera + G, soma, body.] Splanchnosomatic, re- lating .to the viscera and the body. viscerotrophic (vis-er-o-trof 'ik) . Relating to any trophic change determined by visceral condi- tions. ' viscid (vis'id) [1/. viseidus; viseum, birdlime.] Ad- hesive, sticky, glutinous. viscid'ity. Stickiness, adhesiveness. viscin (vis'in). A glutinous substance from mistle- toe, Viseum album, forming the principal ingre- dient of birdlime. viscom'eter. Viscosimeter. vis'cose. Viscous. vis:osini'eter [viscosity + G. metron, measure-] An apparatus for determining the degree of viscosity of a fluid; in medicine, usually of the blood. viscosimetry (vis-ko-sim'e-tri). The determina- tion of the viscosity of a fluid, such as the blood. viscos'ity. 1. Viscidity. 2. A condition of more or less adhesion of the molecules of a fluid to each other, so. that it flows with diSiculty. vis'cous. Viscid, sticky; marked by viscosity (2). vis'cum. Mistletoe, the berries of Viseum album, a parasitic plant growing on apple, pear, and other trees ; has been employed as an oxytocic in doses of SJ-i (2.0-4.0) of a fluidextract. vis'cus, pi. vis'cera [L.] An internal organ, espe- cially one of the large abdominal organs. visibil'ity. The condition of being visible. visible (viz'I-bl) [L. visibilis.] Capable of being seen. visile (viz'el). Relating to vision; specifically, noting the type of mental imagery in which the person recalls most readily that which he has seen; contrasted with audile and motile. Tlsion (vizh'un) [L. visio videre, to see] Sight; the act of seeing, binoc'ular v., vision, with a single image, by both eyes simultaneously. central v., direct v., vision produced by the rays falling on the fovea centralis, fa'cial v., the sensing of the proximity of objects by the nerves of the face in the case of the blind or when one is in the dark or blindfolded, field of v., the area bounded by the limits of peripheral v., the space within which objects can be more or less dis- tinctly seen while the eye is fixed on one point. Indirect' v., periph'eral v., the indistinct vision obtained when the rays from the image fall on the retina outside of the fovea centralis, shaft v., a narrowing of the visual field, as if one were looking through a hollow cylinder or tube; a symptom of hysteria. v. null [Fr. vision nulle], the presence of abnormal blind spots in the visual field in certain cases of .lesion of the cortical center; the patient is unaware of the presence of these scotomata until they are discovered by the examiner; see v. obscure, v. obscure', the presence of abnormal blind spots in the visual field in cases of lesion below the cortical center; the patient is himself aware of the resultant defect of vision; see v. null. acuteness of, oxyblepsia, oxyopia, galeropia, galeropsia. blue, cyanopia, cyanopsia. colored, chromatopsia. day, nyctalopia, night-blindness, defective, paropsia. deviation of axes, heterophoria, strabismus, squint; esophoria (inward) ; exophoria (outward) ; hyperphoria (upward); hypophoria (downward); hypoesophoria (downward and inward) ; hyperexophoria (upward and outward), dim, dysopsia, amblyopia, obcecation, meropia, nephalopia. distorted, metamorphopsia double, diplopia, ambiopia; monodiplopia, uniocular diplopia (in one eye); amphodiplopia, binocular diplopia (with the two eyes), equal in both eyes, isopia. false, parablepsia, pseudoblepsia, pseudopsia. fatigue, copiopia, copopsia, eyestrain. green,'chloropia, chloropsia. mstrument for testing, opsiometer, op- tometer, ophthalmometer, photoptometer, diopsim- eter, dioptometer, haploscope, refractometer, ophthal- moscope, chromatoptometer. measurement of, op- tometry, opsiometry, ophthalmometry, perimetry, chromatoptometry. multiple, polyopia, normal, em- metropia, orthopsia. night, hemeralopia, day-blind- ness, red, erythropia, erythropsia. refractive errors, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia, relating to, visual, optical; orthoptic, emmetropic (normal); myopic, brachymetropic (short); hyperopic, hypermetropic (far); presbyopic (of old age), triple, triplopia. unequal in both eyes, anisopia. weakness, asthenopia, eye-strain, yellow, xanthopia, xanthopsia. vts'iting physic'ian. Attending* physician. vis'iting staff. Attending* staff. vis'iting sur'geon. Attending* surgeon. vis'ual. Relating to vision. vis'ualize. To make visible. visuoauditory (viz-u-o-aw'dl-to-ri). Relating to both vision and hearing, noting nerves connecting the centers for these senses. vi'sus [L.] Vision, v. amplifica'tus, macropsia, V. defigura'tus, metamorphopsia. v. dimidia'tus' hemianopsia, v. diminu'tus, micropsia, v. diur'nus, nyctalopia, v. duplica'tus, diplopia. V. lu'cidus, photopsia. v. musca'rum, myodes- opsia. V. noctur'nus, hemeralopia. v. reticula'- tus, the occurrence of many scotomata giving a sieve-like character to the field of vision, v. triplex, triplopia. Vita'cese [L. vitis, vine.] An order of polypetalous plants which includes the grape vine, Vitis vinif- era, and Ampelopsis. vi'tal [L. viialis; vita, life.] Relating to life. Vitali's test (ve-tah'le) [Dioscoride Vitali, Italian physician, contemporary.] 1. For bile in the urine: add to the suspected urine quinine bisul- phate, ammonia, sulphuric acid, sugar, and alcohol; if bile-pigments are present a violet color will be produced. 2. For pus in the urine: the urine is acidified with acetic acid and filtered; to the filtrate guaiac is added, when a dark blue color indicates the presence of pus. vitallsm_ (vi'tal-izm). The theory that all animal functions are dependent upon a special form of energy or force, the vital force, distinct from any other of the physical forces. vi'talist. One who adheres to the doctrine of vitalism. viiALITY iioS VOCAL vital'ity. Vital force or energy. vi'talize. To endow with vital force. vi'tals. Viscera. vitamine (vi'tam-en) [L. vita, life, + amine.^ One of a group of stibstances of unknown composition, present in very small amount in natural foodstuffs, which are essential to normal metabolism and the lack of which in the dietary causes beriberi and other deficiency diseases. vitell'ary [L. viiellus, yolk.] Vitelline. Titell'icle. Yolk-sac, umbilical vesicle.* vitell'iu. A protein combined with lecithin in the yolk of egg. vitell'ine [L. vitellus, yolk.] Relating to the yolk of an egg, or the vitellus. -vitellolutein (vi-tel-o-lu'te-in). Lutein from the yolk of egg. vitelloru'bin. A reddish pigment from the yolk of egg. vitellose (vi-tel'os). A proteose from vitellin. vitell'us [L.] The yolk of egg; the germinal portion of the ovum together with the substance destined for the nutrition of the embryo, v. formati'vus, morpholecithus, the germinal or true yolk, that part of the ovum from which the embryo is devel- oped. V. nutiiti'vus, tropholecithus, the main portion of the yolk in a bird's egg, destined for the nutrition of the developing embryo, the food yolk. V. ovi, yolk of egg; employed in pharmacy for emulsifying oils and camphors. vitiatin (vit-i'a-tin) . A substance having the as- sumed structural formula, /NH— CHj— CHz— N \ NH2/ occasionally found in the urine in association with the related creatin and creatinin. vitiation (vish-I-a'shun) [L. vitiaiio; vitiare, to corrupt.] I, Corruption. 3. Impairment, render- ing less efficacious or useless. vitili'go [L. a skin disease.] Acquired leucoderma, piebald skin, the appearance' on the skin of white patches of greater or lesser extent, due to simple loss of pigment without other trophic changes vitiligoidea (vit-il-i-go-id'e-ah) [vitiligo + G. eidos, appearance.] Xanthoma. Vi'tis [L. a vine.] A genus of plants including the grape, V. vinif'era, the seueral varieties of which are used in the production of wine. vitium, pi. vitia (vish'I-um) [L. vice.] Defect, fault, vice. V. cordis, an organic lesion of the heart. V. pri'nue formatio'nis [L. vice of first formation], a prenatal developmental irregularity. vitodynamic (vi-to-di-nam'ik) . [L. vita, life, + Q. dynamis, force.] Biodynamic, relating to vital force. , vitol (vi'tol). One of the "vital principles of food, vitamine. vitreocapsuUtis (vit"re-o-kap-su-li'(le')tis) [L. vtP- reus, vitreous (humor), -f- capsula, capsule, + G. -itis.l Hyalitis. vitreoden'tine [L. vitreus, glassy.] Dentine of a peculiar brittle hardness. vit'reous [L. vitreus, glassy.] i. Glassy, resembling glass. 2. Used elliptically for vitreous body. v. bod'y, corpus vitreum, a transparent jelly-like substance filling the interior of the .eyeball behind the crystalline lens; it is composed of a delicate network (v. stro'ma), enclosing in its . meshes a watery fluid {v. hu'mor), and surrounded ■ by a membranous condensation of the stroma, the hyaloid membrane, v. degenera'tion, (i) 70 coagulation necrosis;* (2) hyaline degeneration.* v. humor, (i) see under v. body; (2) endolymph v. membrane, a thin membrane forming the external layer of the chorioid; Bruch's membrane. v. table, the inner layer of one of the bones of the cranium, v. wart, a small rounded transparent body on the posterior surface of the cornea near the periphery. vit'reum [L. w^rewi, glassy.] Corpus vitreum [BNA], vitreous* body. vit'riol [L. vitreolus, glassy.] Sulphuric acid, elix'- ir of v., aromatic sulphuric acid, oil of v., sul- phuric acid. Ro'man v., copper sulphate, CuSO,. vitri'na [L. vitrum, glass.] Corpus vitreum. v. auris, endolymph. v. oc'uli, vitreous humor. vitropression (vi'tro-prS"shun) [L. vitrum, glass.] Pressure on the skin with a glass slide, in order to eliminate redness due to hyperemia and thus permit a study of the permanent lesions. vit'rum [L.] Glass. - in vitro, in glass, in a test- tube, distinguished' from in vivo. vitt'a, pi. vitt'a [L. headband, fillet.] In botany, the oil-ducts in the shoots of Umbelliferce. Vittel', France. Earthy waters, about 50° F. Thirteen -springs. Used in constipation, gout, dyspepsia, biliary and renal concretions. vit'ular, vit'ulary, vit'uline [L. vitulus, a calf.] Relating to a calf. v. ap'oplexy, v. fever, puer- peral fever in the cow. vives (vivz) [O.Fr.] Enlarged glands, sometimes suppurating, on the side of the head below the ear in young horses. viv'ianite. A mineral occurring in pale blue crys- tals, composed chiefly of ferrous phosphate. vivi-diffusion (viv'J-dl-fu'zhun) [L. vivus, alive.] A term suggested by Abel, Rowntree, and Turner to denote a method by which the blood of a living animal may be submitted to dialysis outside the body, and again returned to the natural circula- tion, without exposure to the air or to any noxious influences. vivifica'tion [L. vivificare; vivus, alive, + facere, to make.] 1. The change of the protein of the food into living matter of the cells, in the final stage of assimilation. 2. Revivification, freshening the edges of a wound by paring off the surface layer in order to facilitate union. vivip'aroiis [L. vivus, alive, + parere, to bear.] Giving birth to living young, in distinction to oviparous. viviperception (viv-1-per-sep'shon) [L. vivus, living, + perceptio; percipere, to perceive.] Observa- tion of the vital processes in the organism with- out the aid of vivisection. vivisect (viv-I-sekf) [L. vivus, living, -F- sectus; secare, to cut.] To practise vivisection. vivisection (viv-I-sek'shon). Any cutting operation on- a living animal for purposes of experimenta- tion; extended to denote any form of animal ex- perimentation. vivisec'tionist, vivisec'tor. One who practises vivi- section. vivisecto'rium. A laboratory for animal experimen- tation. Vladimiroff opera'tion (vlS-de'me-rawf). Mikulicz- Vladimiroff operation. Vleminckx's solu'tion (fiem'inks) [Jean Franfois Vleminckx, Belgian physician, 1800-1876.] Liquor calcis sulphuratae (N.F.). vo'cai [L. vocalis; vox, voice.] Relating to the voice. V. cords, four folds of mucous membrane in the interior of the larynx; the true vocal cords (plicae vocales [BNA]) are agents of voice production; VOCAL 1106 VOLVULOSIS the false vocal cords (plicae ventriculares [BNA]) are not integral parts of the vocal apparatus, v. frem'itus, a vibration felt on palpation of the chest wall when the subject speaks, v. process, processus vocalis [BNA], the anterior process of the arytenoid cartilage, giving attachment to the true vocal cord. v. res'onance, a sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the subject speaks. V. shelves, folds of mucous membrane, the free edges of which form the v. cords. Vogt's angle (fokht) [Karl Vogt, German physiolo- gist, 1817-1895.) A craniometrical angle formed by the nasobasilar and alveolonasal lines. Vogt's point (fokht) [Paul Friedrich Emmanuel Vogt, German surgeon, 1847-1885.] Vogt-Hueter point. Vogt-Hueter point (fokht-hu'ter) [P. F. E. Vogt; Carl Hueter.] A point for the application of a trephine in case of hemorrhage from the middle meningeal artery ; it is at the junction of a horizon- tal line two finger-breadths above the zygomatic arch and a vertical line one finger-breadth be- hind the nasal process of the malar bone. voice [L. vox.] The sound made by air passing out through the larynx, the vocal cords being approx- imated and made tense, v. sound, vocal* resonance. voice-box. Larynx. void. To evacuate, to cast, out excrementitious matter. Vojgt's lines (foykht) [Christian August Voigt, Austrian anatomist, 1809-1890.] Ill-defined lines bounding the areas of distribution of the peripheral nerves. Voillemier's point (vwal-me-a') [L^on Clement Voillemier, French urologist, contemporary.] A point in the linea alba, 2i inches (6.25 cm), below the level of a line joining the anterior superior spinal processes of the ilium, where a distended bladder can be safely punctured. Voit's nu'cleus (foyt) [Carl von Voit, Mtmich physi- ologist, 1831-1908.] A mass of ganglion cells in the nucleus dentatus. V. 's nu'tritive meas'ure, a laborer requires on a daily average, 118 grams albumin, 56 g. fat, and 500 g. carbohydrate. vo'la [L.] Palm of the hand or sole of the foot. To'lar [L. volaris; vola, palm.] Referring to the vola, the palm of the hand or sole of the foot; palmar; plantar. vol'atile [L. volatilis; volare, to fly.] Not permanent, evaporating spontaneously, v. al'kali, ammonia. V. lin'iment, linimentum* ammoniae. v. oil, oleum volatile. volatiliza'tion. The process of conversion of a solid or liquid into a vapor j evaporation. vol'atilize. i. To convert a solid or liquid into vapor, to cause to evaporate 2. To evaporate. Volhard's solution (fSl'hart) [J. Volhard, German chemist, *i834.] A decinormal solution of potassium sulphocyanate. Volhynia fever (vol-hin'J-ah fe'vur) [Volhynia, a government in Russia.] See under /e»e)-. volition (vo-lish'un) [L. velle, to desire.] The con- scious impulse to perform any act or to abstain from its performance, excited by a realization of the dominant feeling. volitional (vo-lish'un-al). Voluntary, done by an act of will; relating to volition, v. insan'ity, mental derangement in which the will power especially is impaired, v. tremor, a tremor excited by an attempt at voluntary movement. Volkmann's canals' (fslk'mahn) [Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann, German physiologist, 1800-1877.] Vascular canals in bone which, unlike those of the Haversian system, are not surrounded by concentric lamellae of bone; they run for the most part transversely, perforating the lamellse of the Haversian system, and communicate with the canals of that system. V.'s hemodromom'eter, an instrument for measuring the rapidity of the blood circulation. Volkmann's ca'ries (folk'mahn) [Richard Volk- mann, German surgeon, 1830— 1889.] Caries sicca. V.'s cOntrac'ture, ischemic muscular atrophy, degeneration, and contracture of a muscle consequent upon prolonged interference with the circulation by tight bandaging, exposure to cold, or injury of a, large artery. V.'s deform'ity, congenital luxation of the tibiotarsal joint. V.'s disease', myxadenitis* labialis, Baelz's disease. V.'s splint, a splint for fractures of the lower extremity, consisting of a guttered splint with a foot-piece with tWo lateral supports to prevent turning. V.'s spoon, a sharp spoon for scraping away carious bone or other diseased tissue. voll'ey [Fr. voUe; L. volare, to fly.] 1. The discharge simultaneously or in rapid succession of a number of guns. 2. In neurology, a series of rapid mus- cular contractions artificially induced. volsell'a. Vulsella, a forceps having the tips of the blades armed with sharp rectangular hooks vulsellum forceps. volt [after Allessandro Volta, Italian physicist, 1744-1827.] The fractional unit of electromotive force; the electromotive force which will produce a current of one ampfere with a resistance of one ohm; practically the electromotive force of a Daniell cell. voltage (volt'ej). The electromotive force of a cur- rent expressed in volts. volta'ic. Relating to Volta (see volt) who discovered the means of producing electricity by chemical action, v. electric'ity, galvanic electricity. voltaism (vol'tah-izm). Galvanism. voltam'eter. An apparattxs for measuring the strength of a galvanic cvurent by its electrolytic action. volt'am"meter. An apparatus for measuring both volts and ampferes. volt'ampire. A watt, a unit of electrical effect, the product of one volt by one ampfere. volt'meter. An apparatus for measuring the electromotive force pr difference of potential. Voltolini's disease' (vol-to-le'ne) [Fridericus Eduar- dus Rudolphus VoltoUni, German laryngologist, 1819-1889.] Disease of the labyrinth, leading to deaf-mutism, in young children. Voltolini-Heiyng sign. Heryng's* sign of antra disease. volumenom'eter [L. volumen, volume, + G. metron, measure.] A device for determining the volume of a solid by measuring the amotmt of liquid which it displaces. volumet'ric [L. volumen, volume, + G. metron, measure.] Relating to measurement by volume; see analysis, v. solu'tlon, see under solution. volumom'eter. Volumenometer. vol'untaiy [L. voluntarius; voluntas, will.] Relating or acting in obedience to the will; not obligatory, voluntomo'tory. Relating to voluntary move- ments. volute (vo-laf) [L. valuta, a scroll.] Rolled up, convoluted. volvulosis (vol-vu-lo'sis). A disease marked by the presence of one or more elastic, cutaneous or subcutaneous, fibrous tumors caused by the worm, Oncocerca volvulus. VWIjV UJjUS 1107 VULVA vol'vulus [L. volvere, to roll.] A twisting of the in- testine causing obstruction, vo'mer, gen. vo'meris [L. ploughshare.] A flat bone of trapezoidal shape forming the inferior and posterior portion of the nasal septum; it articu- lates with the sphenoid, ethmoid, two superior maxillary, and two palate bones. T. cartilag- in'eus, Jacobson's cartilage, cartilago* vomero- nasalis. vo'merine. Relating to the vomer. T0"merobas'ilar, Relating to the vomer and the base of the skull; noting the v. canal at the line of union of the vomer and the sphenoid bone. Tomerona'sal. Relating to the vomer and the nasal bone; noting the v. cartilage, cartilago* vomeronasalis. v. or'gan, Jacobson's organ, organon* vomeronasale. TOm^ica [L. an ulcer.] i. A pulmonary cavity con- taining pus. z. [L. vomicus, vomiting.] Pro- fuse expectoration of purulent matter, v. laryn'gis, laryngeal perichondritis. Tom'icine [nux vomica.'\ Brucine. vom'ic-nut. Nux vomica. Tom'icose [L. vomica, an ulcer.] Ulcerous, marked by many ulcers ; profusely suppurating. _ vom'it [L. vontiius; vomere, to vomit.] i. To eject matter forcibly from the stomach. 2. Matter thrown up from the stomach. 3. An emetic. black v., hematemesis ; specifically, severe yellow fever attended with hematemesis. Tom'iting. The ejection of matter through the esophagus and mouth from the stomach, cy'clic v., periodical v. dry v., retching, movements of vomiting without the ejection of matter from the stomach, fecal v., stercoraceous v. morning v., V. occurring on rising or immediately after breakfast in cases of chronic gastritis or in early pregnancy, period'ical v., Leyden's disease, an affection marked by the periodical recurrence, in otherwise apparently healthy persons, of parox- ysms of vomiting lasting from one to ten days; the patient has no symptoms of gastric disturb- ance in the intervals, pernic'ious v., uncon- trollable v. stercora'ceous v., copremesis, the ejection of fecal matter, aspirated into the stomach from the intestine by the repeated spasmodic contractions of the gastric muscles. v. of preg'nancy, morning vomiting occurring in the early months of pregnancy. vomition (vo-mish'un). Vomiting. vom'itive. Emetic. Tomito negro (vom^-to na'gro) [Sp.] Black vomit.* Tom'itory. Emetic. vomiturition (vom-1-tu-rish'un). Retching, inef- fectual efforts at vomiting. vom'itus. X. Vomiting. 2. Vomited matter, v. cruen'tus, hematemesis. v. gravida'rum, vomit- ing of pregnancy, v. mari'nus, seasickness, v. matuti'nus, morning vomiting.* v. niger, black vomit,* vomito negro. Von. A German title of nobility prefixed to the surname, often abbreviated to v._ For the epo- nymic terms beginning with Von, a's Von Leyden, etc., see the proper, name without the prefix. Voorhees bag (voor'ez) Qames Ditmars Voorhees, New York obstetrician, *i869.] A hydrostatic bag for dilating the cervix in accouchement foTc6. vor'tex, pi. vor'iices [L. eddy, whirlpool.] i. The whorl of muscular fibers at the apex of the heart, V. cordis [BNA]. 2. One of the stellar figures on the surface of the crystalline lens of the eye, V. lentis. v. coccyge'us [BNA], coccygeal whorl, a spiral arrangement of coarse hairs sometimes present over the region of the coccyx, v. lentis, see vortex (2). v. cor'dis [BNA], the whorl of muscular fibers at the apex of the heart. T. pilo'rum [BNA], hair whorl, crown, a spiral arrangement of the hairs, as at the crown of the head. Vortice'lla. A genus of Infusoria of the order Periirichida, of bell shape and having a spiral of cilia around the adoral zone ; various free species have been found at times in the feces, tuine, and mucous discharges. vor'ticose. Arranged in a whorl, noting the v. veins of the chorioid coat of the eye, venae* vorticosse. vox [L.] Voice, v. cholera'ica, a peciiHar hoarse almost inaudible voice of a sufferer in the last stage of Asiatic cholera. voyeurism (vwah-yer'izm) [Fr. voire, to see.] A morbid desire to look at the sexual organs or other usually clothed parts of the body of one of the opposite sex. vril [L. virilis, pertaining to a man, vigorous.] A word proposed by Bulwer Lytton to denote the initial energy with which every living organism is assumed to start, which enables it to reach maturity and reproduce its kind. V.S. Abbreviation of volumetric solution.* V.T. Vacuum tuberculin ; old tuberculin reduced in a vacuiun to one-tenth its original volume. vuerometer (vu-rom'e-tur) [Pr. vue, sight, -t- G. metron, measure.] An instrument for measuring the distance between the pupils of the two eyes. vurcanite. Hard rubber, used for splints, in dental work, etc. vulgaris (vul-ga'ris) . Ordinary, of the usual type. vul'nerable [L. vulnusivulner-), wound, -I- habilis, fit.] Capable of being wounded, easily injured. vul'nerant. Vulnerating. vul'nerary [L. vulnusivulner-), wound.] i. Relat- ing to a wound. 2. An agent which promotes the healing of wounds. vul'nerate [L. vulnerare.1 To woimd. vul'nus [L.] A wound or injury, trauma, trauma- tism. Vul'pian's at'rophy [Edme P^lix Alfred Vulpian, Parisian physician, 1826-1887.] Progressive spinal muscular atrophy beginning in the shoul- der, the scapulohumeral type. V.'s con 'jugate deriva'tion, a turning of the head and eyes toward one side, occasionally observed after an apoplectic attack. V.'s type. V.'s atrophy. Vulpian-PrSvost law (vul-pe-on"pra-vo'). Pro- vost's* law. vulsell'a [L. pincers.] Volsella, a forceps armed at the tips of the blades with sharp-pointed rectan- gular hooks. Vulsella. vulsell'um. Vulsella, v. for'ceps, vulsella. vul'va [L. ' a wrapper or covering.] Pudendum muliebre [BNA], the labia majora and the cleft between them. v. cer'ebri, the space between the anterior pillars of the fornix in the third ventricle, v. conni'vens, a v. with very narrow VULVA 1108 VULVOVAGINITIS opening, v. hians, a v. in which the labia are loosely approximated. atroph7 of skin and mucous membrane, kraurosis pudendi, kraurosis vulvae, blood-tumor, episiohema- toma, hematoma vuIveb. closure, episioclisia. hiam- orrhage, episiorrhagia. incision, episiotomy. . . inflam- mation, episiitis, episioitis, vulvitis, edeitis, aadoeitis, bartholinitis; vulvovaginitis (with vagina) . narrowing, episiostenosis. pain, pudendagra. passage, introitus vaginae, plastic surgery, episioplasty. protrusion, episiocele. spasm, vulvismus, suture, episiorrhaphy episioelytrorrhaphy. , swelling, episiocele. tumor, episioncus, episiophyma. vul'val, vul'var. Relating to the vulva. vulvls'mus. Vaginismus. vulvitis (vul-vi'(ve')tis) [L. vulva + G. -itis.] In- flammation of the vulva, follic'ular v., inflam- mation of the vulvar follicles. vulvouterine (vul-vo-u'ter-in). Relating to the vulva and the uterus, noting the v. canal, or vagina. vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj'in-al). Relating to the vulva and the vagina; noting the v. gland. glandula vestibularis major [BNA]. vulvovaginitis (vul-vo-vaj-in-i'(e')tis). Inflamma- tion of both vulva and vagina, or of the vulvo- vaginal glands. w II09 WALL w W. Chemical symbol for timgsten (wolfram) wabain (wah'bah-in). A glucoside from waba, the root of Carissa schimperi; a local anesthetic and heart stimulant. Wachendorf s membrane (vah'khen-dorf) [Eberhard Jacob von Wachendorf, Dutch physiciaii, i8th century.] i. The ectoplasm of a cell. ■^. Mem- brana pupillaris [BNA]. Wachsmuth's nilx'ture (vahkhs'moot) [Hans Wachs- muth, German neurologist, *i872.] A mixture of S parts chloroform and i part oil of turpentine, used by inhalation to induce general anesthesia. Wacon'da Spring, Kansas. Alkaline-saline-carbon- ated waters. One spring. Used by drinking and bathing in various disorders. wadd'ing. Carded cotton or wool in sheets, used for surgical dressings. waddle _ (wod'l). To walk with a side-to-side, swaying motion; occurring in pseudohyper- trophic muscular paralysis and certain other nervous conditions. Wade's bal'sam. Tinctura benzoini composita. W.'s suppos'itories, urethral suppositories con- taining iodoform, chloral, morphine, and bis- muth subnitrate. Wads'worth's meth'od [Augustus Baldwin Wads- worth, American bacteriologist, contemporary.] For demonstrating the capsules of bacteria: smears are fixed by immersion in 40 per cent, formalin for two to five minutes, then stained by 10 per cent, aqueous solution of gentian violet, or by Gram 's differential method. wa'fer. A thin sheet of dried flour paste, used to enclose a powder, the wafer being moistened and folded over the drug, so that it can be swallowed without taste. Wagner's cor'puscles (vahg'ner) [Rudolf Wagner, German physiologist, 1805-1864.] Touch cor- puscles, Meissner's* corpuscles. W.'s spot, germinal spot, the nucleolus of the nucleus of the ovum. Wagner's ham'mer (vahg'ner) [Johann Philip Wagner, German physicist, 1799-1879.] Neef's hammer, an automatic interrupter of a galvanic current. Wag'ner's line. A narrow, whitish, slightly curved line, representing an area of preliminary calcifica- tion, at the junction of the epiphysis and dia- physis of a long bone. Wagner's opera'tion (vahg'ner) [Wilhelm Wagner, German surgeon, 1848-1900.] Osteoplastic re- section of the skull. Wagner's the'oiy (vahg'ner) [Moritz Wagner, German scientist, 1813-1887.] Migration the- ory* (2). Wag'staffe's frac'ture [William Warwick Wagstaffe, English surgeon, 1843-1910-] Fracture, with displacement, of the inner malleolus. Wahl's sign (vahl) [Eduard von Wahl, German surgeon in Dorpat, 1833-1890.] i. A moist blowing sound heard over a wounded artery; halituous bruit. 2. Distention of the bowel with gas above the seat of an obstruction. wahoo (wah'hoo) [Am. Ind. name.] Euonymus. waist (wast) [A.S. wcext.] The portion of the trunk between the ribs and the pelvis. wait'er's cramp. A professional neurosis, a spasm of the muscles of the back ahd right arm in waiters. wakam'ba. A Zainzibar arrow poison which stimu- lates powerfully the vasomotor nerves, causing a marked rise of blood pressure. wake'fulness. The state in which there is an absence of the inclination to sleep ; occurring at the time when sleep should normally occur it is synonymous with insomnia. Walcher posi'tion (vahl'kher) [Gustav Adolf Walcher, German obstetrician, *i856.] A supine position of the parturient woman with the lower extremities falling over the edge of the table. Walcher Position. Walcheren fever [vahl'kha-ren) [Walcheren, a place in Holland.] Malarial fever formerly endemic in parts of Holland. Waldenburg's appara'tus (vahl'den-boorg) [Louis Waldenburg, German physician, 1837— 1880.] An apparatus for compressing or rarefying air, from which one inhales or into which one exhales ; it consists of a cylinder, closed at one end, which is inverted in a vessel of water like a gasometer. Waldeyer's epithe'lium (vahl'di-er) [Heinrich Wil- helm Gottfried v. Waldeyer-Hartz, German an- atomist, *i836.] Germinal epithelium.* W.'s fos'sse, duodenal fossse, recesses in the perito- neum alongside the ascending portion of the duodenum and at the duodenojejunal an- gle. W.'s glands, coil glands near the mar- gins of the eyelids. W.'s neu'ron, the nerve-cell with its processes, neuron* (i). W.'s ring, W.'s throat-ring, or W.'s ton'sillar ring, the incomplete ring of lymphoid tissue, iormed by the fau- cial, lingual, and pharyngeal tonsils. W.'s vas'cular lay'er, the vascular layer of the ovary. W.'s zo'nal lay'er Lissauer's tract. wale [A.S walu.l A linear wheal, especially one pro- duced by a blow with a stick or a whip. Walker-Gor'don milk. A modified milk made according to a physician's prescription, by a if company of this name. ;| wall [L. vallum.] Paries, an investing part enclosing \! a cavity such as the chest or abdomen. Waldeyer's Double Fossa (Landouey and Jayle,) JVALLERIAN WASSERMANN REACTION Valle'rian. Relating to or described by Augustus Volney Waller, an English physiologist, 1816- 1870. W. degenera'tion, degeneration of a nerve- fiber separated from its trophic center; it is characterized by proliferation of the nucleus of the interannular segment and by segmentation of the myelin, ending in atrophy and destruction of the axis-cylinder. W, law, after section of the posterior root of a spinal nerve between the root ganglion and the spinal cord, the central portion degenerates ; after division of the anterior root, the peripheral portion degenerates; the trophic center of the posterior root is therefore the ganglion, that of the anterior root the spinal cord. rail-eye. i. Divergent squint. 2. Absence of color in the iris, or leucoma of the cornea. Vall'ey's Hot Springs, Nevada. Sulphated-saline- waters containing carbonic acid gas, 136° F. to 160° F. Six springs. Used by bathing in rheu- matism, and diseases of the skin and kidneys. rail-tooth. Molar tooth, ral'nut. Juglans. y'alther's canals' or ducts (vahl'ter) [August Friedrich Walther, German anatomist, 1688- 1746.] Ductus sublingualis minores, Rivinus' ducts, from 8 to 10 excretory ducts of the lobules of the sublingual glands ; they are inconstant, the gland sometimes discharging through u. single duct. W.'s gan'glion, ganglion coccygeum. W.'s lig'ament, a fibrous band connecting the external malleolus and the astragalus. W.'s plez'us, plexus cavemosus. ■an'dering [A.S. wandrian, to wander.] Moving about, not fixed, w. cell, leucocyte, w. impul'- sion, fugues, ambulatory automatism, w. organ, an organ with loose attachments, permitting its displacement, floating or ptotic organ. bang's test. A quantitative test for indican, which is transformed into indigo-sulphuric acid and then titrated by a solution of potassium perman- ganate. ang-tooth [A.S. wange, jaw, cheek.] A molar tooth. ar'as. Warras. arble (wawr'bl). i. A small soft tumor of the skin of a horse, usually caused by chafing or undue pressure of the saddle-girth or collar, z. A small tumor on the back of cattle caused by the larva of a gadfly. 'ar'burg's tinc'ture [Carl Warburg, Austrian physi- cian, *i8o4.] As originally compounded a. preparation containing over 60 ingredients, including 40 in the confection of Damocrates; once in great repute in India as an antiperiodic. The preparation now called by that name con- tains but 17 of the original ingredients; see tinctura antiperiodica (N.F.). ird [A.S. weard.] A room or hall in a hospital containing a number of beds. 'ard's paste [Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, London surgeon and botanist, *i868.] A paste of elecampane, black pepper, sugar, and fennel seed in honey; employed as a stimulant tonic. ar'drop's disease' [James Wardrop, English sur- geon, 1782-1869.] Onychia maligna. W.'s meth'od, treatment of aneurysm by ligation of the artery at some distance beyond the sac, leaving one or more branches of the artery between the sac and the ligature; see cut under aneurysm. ire'houseman's itch. Eczema of the hands from handling irritating substances. irm'ing-plaster. i. Emplastrum picis canthari- datum (U.S. 1880). 2. Emplastrum calefaciens (Br.). war'ras. An African drug of unknown origin, hav- ing the properties of kamala; also used as a purple dye. Warr'en's fat column [John Collins Warren, Boston surgeon, 1778-1856.] Columna adiposa. Warr'en's styp'tic. Lotioadstringens (N.F.). W.'s test, Trommer's test. wart. A circumscribed hypertrophy of the papillas of the corium, usually of the hand,, covered by thickened epidermis; verruca.* fig w., moist w., condyloma acuminatum, pointed w., condyloma acuminatum, post-mor'teni w., anatomical tu- bercle, dissecting tubercle, a warty growth on the hands of one making frequent post-mortem examinations or dissections, seborrhe'ic w., keratoma senile, se'nile w., keratoma senile, vene'real w., condyloma acuminatum, wart'pox. Variola verrucosa, warty. Relating to or covered with warts. Wasat'ka Min'eral Springs, Utah. Muriated-saline- calcic waters. Used by drinking in disorders of the digestive organs, liver, and kidneys. wash. A lotion, black w., lotio hydrargyri nigra (Br.), lotio nigra (N.F.). eye w., coUyrium. mouth w., coUutorium, a medicated liquid used for cleansing the mouth and treating diseased states of the mucous membrane, yel'low w., lotio hydrargyri flava (Br.), lotio flava (N.F.). wash'-bottle. i. A bottle containing water, with a tube passing to the bottom, through which gases are forced to purify them. -j. A stoppered bottle containing fluid, provided with two tubes, one ending above the other below the fluid, so that by blowing through the short tube the liquid is forced in a small stream from the free end of the long one; used for washing chemical apparatus, wash'erwoman's itch. Eczema or psoriasis of the hands of laundry workers, caused by irritation o^ soapy water. wash'ing-soda. Commercial sodium carbonate. Wash'ington Springs, Virginia. Light alkaline- calcic-sulphureted and alkaline-calcic-chalybeate waters, 51° P. Seven springs. Used by drink- ing in anemia, sluggishness of the bowels, and general debility. wash'-leather skin. A trophic change in the skin, occurring in certain cases of chronic constitutional disease, in which the texture is altered and a. silver coin drawn across the skin will leave a dark line. Wassermann-fast. A term used to designate a case in which the W. reaction remains positive despite all treatment. Wassermann reac'tion (vahs'ermahn) [August Paul v. Wassermann, Berlin bacteriologist, *i866.] W. test. W. se'rum-nu'trose a'gar seeunderagar. W. test, a diagnostic test for syphilis, based upon the theory of complement fixation. Measured quantities of extract from the liver and spleen of a syphilitic fetus (representing the antigen) and of the blood-serum of the person to be tested are mixed in a test-tube, and some fresh normal guinea-pig serum (containing the complement) is added; after incubation at body temperature lEor about an hour the contents of this tube are added to a mixture of the red blood-cells of a. sheep or other animal, suspended in physiolog- ical saline solution, and of the serum of a rabbit which has been immunized to these particular red cells; if the serum mixed with the extract of syphilic organs in the first test-tube is from a syphilitic individual, no hemolysis of the red blood-cells in the second tube will occur after incubation for one hour. See Noguchi's* test. rtOSiiKMAIMIM KiiACllON WATSOJN'S Si'iilJNtiS provoc'ative W. t., the employment of the W. test one or two days up to one or two weeks after the administration of salvarsan or neosalvarsan; the result may then be positive when before the giving of salvarsan it was negative. assermann-Uhlenhuth blood-test (vahs'er-mahn- oolen-hoot). Uhlenhuth's* blood-test. iste [L. vasiare, to empty, to destroy.] i. To emaciate, to grow thin. 2. Excrementitious material. ister (wast'er). i. A marantic infant, a. An animal, usually a cow, affected with tuberculosis and losing flesh. isting(wast'ing). Emaciation, w. palsy or paral'- ysis, progressive muscular atrophy. itch'maker's cramp. A professional neurosis consisting in (i) spasm of the orbicularis palpe- brarum muscle, from holding the lens to the eye; (2) spasm of the muscles of the hand in attempting the delicate movements of watch- repairing. Iter (waw'ter) [A.S. wester.] i. A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid, HjO, solidifying at 32° F. (0° C. and R.), and boiling at 212"" F. (100° C, 80° R.) . It is regarded as a mixture, of varying molecular complexity, of units having the form- ula OH2. Water is present in all animal and veg- etable tissues and in nearly all other substances ; it is also a solvent of more substances than any other liquid, n. The pharmacopeial preparation, aqua.* 3. The urine, acid'ulous w., carbonic w., one which contains a considerable amount of carbonic acid in solution. alOcaline w,, one which contains appreciable amounts of the bicarbonates of calcium, lithium, potassium, or sodium. bro'mine w., one containing' the bromides of magnesium, potassium, or sodium in therapeutic amounts, cal'cic w., one containing appreciable quantities of calcium salts in solution, cap'- illary w., water filling the interstices of a structure, but not held in contact with the individual units by molecular attraction, carbonated or car- bon'ic w., acidulous w. chalyb'eate w., one which contains salts of iron in appreciable quantities, chlo'rine w., one which contains the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in varying amounts, combined' w., water which enters as an essential part in the constitution of a molecule, deep w., w. coming from below an impervious stratum of the earth, as spring-water or that from an artesian well. earth'y w., one containing a large amount of mineral matter, chiefly calcium sulphate, in solution, ground w., w. contained in the super- ficial strata of the earth, such as collects in wells. hard w., one which contains an excess of calcium or magnesium salts, in which soap forms a curdy deposit; temporary hardness, removable by boiling and filtering, is due to the presence of the carbonates of these metals; permanent hardness is due to the presence of the sulphates of these metals which are not decomposed by boihng. indifferent w., a mineral w. contammg but a small quantity of saline matter, i'odine w., one containing the iodides of magnesium, potassium, or sodium in therapeutic amounts, meteor ic w., rain-water or w. from melting snow, mm'- eral w., one which contains appreciable amounts of certain salts which give to it therapeutic properties, po'table w., a water fit for drinking, being free from contamination and not containing a sufficient quantity of saline material to be regarded as a mineral w. sa'line w., one which contains neutral salts (chlorides, bromides, or iodides, or sulphates) in appreciable amounts. soft w., one which contains a minimum amount of salts of calcium or magnesium, in which soap dissolves without a sediment, sul'phate w., one holding in solution appreciable quantities of the sulphates of calcium, magnesium, or sodium. sul'phur w., one containing sulphureted hy- drogen or the metallic sulphides, sur'face w., the w. of ponds, lakes, or streams, ther'mal w.,- a w. which is hot as it issues from the spring. w. of adhe'sion, water held by molecular at- traction in contact with units of structure, but not forming an essential part of their consti- tution, w. of constitu'tion, water held by a unit of structure as an essential part of its con- stitution, though not an ingredient of its mole- cules, w. of ciystalliza'tion, w. of constitution which imites with certain salts and is essential to their arrangement in crystalline form. wa'ter-bath. i. A bath in water, as distinguished from a vapor-bath, mud-bath, sand-bath, etc. 2. In chemistry, a double vessel, the outer one containing water, the inner one the substance to be heated or evaporated without exposing it to too high a temperature. wa'ter-bed. A mattress in the form of a closed rubber bag filled with water. wa'ter-bite. Trench foot. wa'terbome. Transported by drinking-water, said of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever, which are spread largely by this means. wa'ter-brash. The eructation of an acid fluid from the stomach. wat'er-braxy. Inflammation of the bowels in sheep, attended with hemorrhage into the peri- toneal cavity. wa'ter-cancer, wa'ter-canker. Noma. wa'ter-coil. Leiter's* coil. wa'ter-cure. Hydrotherapy, balneotherapy. wa'ter-dressing. The application of water to a wound by means of wet compresses, constant irrigation, or immersion. wa'ter-farcy. Inflammation of the lymphatics in the leg of a horse. water-glass. Soluble glass, silicate of sodium or of potassium, soluble in hot water but solid at ordi- nary temperatures; used for fixed dressings. wa'ter-gurgle test. A gurgling sound heard on auscultation of the throat when the patient swallows, in cases of esophageal stricture. wa'ter-hammer pulse. See pulse. wa'ter-itch. Uncinariasis cutis, ground itch.* wa'ter-pang. Pyrosis. wa'ter-pock, wa'ter-pox. Varicella. waters (waw'ters). Liquor amnii. bag of w., the closed sac formed of the fetal membranes enclos- ing the liquor amnii. false w., a leakage of fluid in beginning labor, before the rupture of the bag of waters. water-soluble B. A term proposed by McCol- lum and Kennedy for a class of undetermined substances (vitamines) in foods which are con- cerned in growth and metabolism. See also fat-soluble A . wa'ter-sore. Water-itch. wa'ter-stroke. Serous apoplexy.* water-vas'cular system. The lymphatic system of vessels and glands. water-whistle sound (waw'ter-hwis'l-sownd). A bubbling whistle heard on auscultation over a pulmonary fistula. Watson's Springs, Georgia. The waters come from the "Sulphur," "Chalybeate," "Alum," and "Ice" springs. The first two register 59° F. and WATSON'S SPRINGS WEICHSELBAUM'S COCCUS 6i° F. The ''Ice'' spring is cold. The waters are used in dyspepsia, rheumatism, and diseases of the blood, skin, and kidneys. watt [after James Watt, Scottish engineer, 1736- 181 9.] The unit of electrical power, the power available when the current is one ampfere and the electromotive force is one volt. watt'meter. An apparatus for measuring electrical activity or power. Wau'kesha Mineral Springs, Wisconsin. Alkaline- saline-chalybeate-calcic waters. Used by drink- ing in diabetes, dyspepsia, abdominal plethora, bladder affections, and Bright 's disease. The summer months. wave [A.S. wafian, to fluctuate.] i.- A movement of particles in an elastic body, whether solid or fluid, whereby an advancing series of- alternate elevations and depressions, or expansions and condensations, is produced. 2. The elevation of the pulse, felt by the finger, or represented graphically in the curved line of the sphygmo- gram. anacrotic w., catacrotic w., dicrotic w., etc., see the adjectives. wavy respira'tion. Interrupted or cogwheel respira- tion.* wax [A.S. weax.] i. A thick, tenacious substance plastic at room temperature, secreted by bees for building their cells, or the honeycomb; cera.- 2. Any substance of physical properties similar to those of beeswax, of animal, vegetable, or min- eral origin. 3. Cerumen, earwax. an'imal w., beeswax, spermaceti, and any wax derived from the animal kingdom. Brazil' w., carnau'ba w., a product of a South American palm, Copernicia cerifera. Chinese' w., (i) a vegetable w.; (2) a wax secreted by a scale insect. Japan' w., a vegetable wax derived from Rhus succedanea and R. vernicifera. min'eral w., paraffin w. palm w., Brazil w. par'affin w,, a wax derived from petro- leum, veg'etable w., palm w. or any wax derived from plants, such as the bayberry, vir'gin w,, pure white wax. w. form, a wax impression of a tooth cavity, which is reproduced in ivory, gold, or silver and then cemented into the cavity. white w., bleached beeswax, yellow w., natural unbleached beeswax. wax [A.S. weaxan.] To grow, to increase in size. waxing ker'nels, enlarged lymph-glands in the groin in children, waxing pain, growing pain.* wax'y. Relating to or resembling wax. w. cast, hyaline cast.* w. degenera'tion, amyloid degen- eration.* weak [A.S. wac] Deficient in strength, feeble; delicate, not robust, w. minded, of deficient mentality, noting a high-grade imbecile or moron. w. sight, asthenopia. wean (wen) [A.S. wenian.] To take from the breast, to deprive permanently of breast milk and nourish with other food. weaning. Taking from the breast, ablactation. w. brash, a diarrhea sometimes occurring in a child when nourishment by other food than breast-milk is begun. weasand (we'zand) [A.S. wasend.] The trachea. weavers' bott'om. A condition of similar nature to housemaid's knee, consisting in chronic inflam- mation of the ischiatic bursa (bursa ischiadica) due to ill-directed pressure. web [A.S.] A tissue, a membrane, tela.* w. eye, pterygium, webbed fing'ers, a form of syndac- tylism in which two or more of the fingers are not fused, but are joined by a fold of skin, webbed penis, penis palmatus. webbed toes, a condition, similar to webbed fingers, affecting the toes. weber (web'er or va'ber) [after Wilhelm Weber, Ger- man physicist, 1804-1891.] i. Ampere. 2. Cou- lomb. The term is seldom, if ever, now used. Weber's cor'puscle (va'ber) [Moritz Ignatz Weber, German anatomist, 1795-1875.] W.'s organ. W.'s glands, muciparous glands at the border of the tongue on either side posteriorly. W.'s or'gan, utriculus prostaticus. Weber's douche (va'ber) [Theodor Weber, German physician, 1829-1914.] Nasal douche. Weber's exper'iment (va'ber) [Ernst Heinrich fVeber, German physiologist, 1795-1878.] If the peripheral end of the divided vagus nerve is irritated the heart is arrested in diastole. W.'s law, (i) when the strength of the stimulus varies in geometric progression, the response will vary in arithmetical progression. (2) Pechner's* law. W.'S par'adox, if a muscle is loaded beyond its power to contract it may elongate. W.'s syn'drome, paralysis of the oculomotor on the side of the lesion and that of the extremities and of the facialis and hypo- glossus on the opposite side; indications of a lesion in the lower and internal part of a cerebral peduncle. W.'s test for indican; the suspected urine is heated with an equal amount of hy- drochloric acid, and when it is cool ether is added and the mixture is shaken; if indican is present the fluid will have a reddish hue, the foam being bluish. See also Friedrich Eugen Weber.* Weber's test (va'ber) [Friedrich Eugen Weber, German otologist, 1832-1891.] The application of a vibrating tuning-fork to one of several points in the midline of the skull or face, to ascertain in which ear the sound is heard best by bone con- duction, that ear being the affected one if the sound-conducting apparatus (middle ear) is at fault (positive test), but the normal one if the sound-perceiving apparatus (inner ear) is diseased (negative test). Web'ster's dinner -pill. Lady Webster's dinner pUl, pilula* aloes et mastiches. Web'ster's opera'tion [John Clarence Webster, Chi- cago gynecologist, *i863.] Correction of retro- displacement of the uterus by passing the round ligaments through the perforated broad ligaments and stitching them to the back of the uterus. wedge [A.S. weeg.] A solid body having the shape of an acute-angled triangular prism, w. of division, one of the tigroid masses located at the point where a dendrite divides into two branches. weed. In veterinary practice, a synonym of lymphangitis. Weeks' bacill'us [John Elmer Weeks, New York ophthalmologist, *I8S3.] Koch*-Weeks bacil- lus. weep'lng [A.S. wepan, to wail.] i. Shedding tears. 2. Dripping, moist, w. ec'zema, eczema* vesic- ulosum. w. sinew, ganglion (3). Wegner's disease' (veg'ner) [Friedrich Rudolf Georg Wegner, German pathologist, *i843.] Separation of the epiphyses through osteochon- dritic processes, in infants with hereditary syphi- lis. W.'s sign, broadening, roughening, and dis- coloration of the epiphyseal line, observed post mortem in infants dead of hereditary syphilis. Wehnelt's interrupt'er (va'nelt) [Arthur Wehneli, German physicist, *i87i.] An appliance mak- ing extremely rapid interruptions in the electric current. Weichselbaum's coc'cus (vikh'zel-bowm) [Anton Weichselbaum, Viennese pathologist, *i845.] Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis. FIDEL'S REACTION 1113 .WEITBRECHT'S CARTILAGE del's reac'tion (vi'del). Showing the presence of anthin bodies ; -a solution of the suspected sub- ance in chlorine water with a little nitric acid evaporated in a water-bath, and then exposed ) the vapor of ammonia; the presence of the anthin bodies is shown by a red or purple color, ^.'s test, for uric acid,, murexide* test. :gert's law (vi'gert) [Karl Weigert, German athologist, 1843-1905.] The destruction of a art, in the organic world, is followed by repro- uction in excess, as shown, for example, in the verproduction of callus after a bone fracture, or lypothetically) in the formation of antitoxin by le production in excess of receptors to replace aose rendered useless by the anchoring of the Dxin molecule. W.'s stains, (i) elastin: a solution f fuchsin, resorcin, and chloride of iron stains lastic fibers blue-black; (2) fibrin: stain in con- en tra ted anilin-water gentian violet solution, rash, dip in iodine-potassium iodide solution, ecolorize in aniline oil and xylol; the iibriii is tained a dark blue; (3) myelin: stained with hloride of iron and hematoxylin a deep blue, iegenerated portions faking a light yellowish olor; (4) neuroglia; a complicated process in fhich the final treatment is like that for staining ibrin; neiiroglia and nuclei stain blue; (5) copper lematoxylin, a stain especially for the nervous issues: I. copper solution : a saturated aqueous olution of copper acetate; II. hem.atoxylin solu- ion: hematoxylin crystals 2, 95 per cent, alcohol !o, distilled water 80; III. iron solution: potas- lium ferricyanide 25, borax 20, water 2000. ight (wat) [A.S. gewiht.'\ The pull toward the renter of the earth of a body at its surface; the brce of gravity acting upon a mass. See Tables if Weights and Measures in the Appendix. itom'ic w., the weight of an atom of any element IS compared with the weight of an atom of hydro- ;en, the latter being taken as i ; according to the ntemational system of atomic weights adopted n 1 9 10, the comparison is made with oxygen, the veight of the latter being 16; see the Table of Elements (in the Appendix) in which the atomic weights' according to both systems are given. nolec'ular w., the weight of a molecule of any substance expressed in multiples of .the weight of m atom of hydrogen, the latter being taken as i. sil's disease' (vil) [Adolf Weil, German physician, 1848-1916.] Acute febrile jaundice, spirochetosis cterohemorrhagica,. icterus febrilis, infectious iaundice, typhus ,biliosus nostras;, a specific nfection, characterized by fever, jaundice, ilbuminuria, muscular .painSj and enlarge- ment of the liver and spleen. W.'s syn'droma, leuromuscular hemihyperesthesia, associated with other disorders of central and peripheral iensibility, ssiid to occur frequently in the tuberculous. ,;. ' • , , . . jU's test (wa). [Richard Weil, New York physician, :ontemporary.] For syphilis; an emulsion m 3 o per cent, sodium chloride solution, of washed ■ed blood cells is mixed with a solution of dried ;obra venom; in the case of blood drawn from a lealthy person hemolysis occurs, but not if the Derson from whom the blood is drawn is syphilitic. eil-Felix bacillus (vfl-fa'liks ba-sil'us) [E. Weil, Austrian physician, contemporary.] A proteus-like germ, which is claimed to be the pathogenic organism of typhus fever. W.-F. reac'tion, a specific agglutination of the W.-F. bacillus with the serum of typhus-fever patients; it develops about the sixth day of the disease and disappears with defervescence. Weilbajch, Germany (vll'bahkh). Alkaline-saline and sulphurous waters. Cold. Two springs. Used by drinking and bathing in catarrh of the respiratory organs, obesity, gout, gastroenteric catarrl), renal disorders, metallic toxemia, and syphilis.. I May i to September 30. Weill's sign.( va-el) [Edmond Weill, French physician, ,. contemporary.] Diminished excursion of the chest in the subclavicular region, on the affected ■ side, in cases of grave pneumonia. Weinberg's reac'tion (vine'berg). A complement fixation test of the presence of hydatid disease. Weinstein's test [Julius William Weinslein, New York physician, contemporary.] Tryptophan* test. Weir's opera'tion (wer) [Robert Fulton Weir; New York surgeon, *i838.] Appendicostomy. W.'s technique', sterilization of the hands by scrub- bing for 5 minutes with green soap, friction with calx chlorinata for 5 minutes, and washing oft with carbonate of soda and running water. Weir-Mit'chell's disease' [Silas Weir Mitchell, American neurologist, 1830-1914.] Erythro- melalgia. W.-M.'s symp'tom, causalgia. W.-M. treat'ment, rest in bed, isolation, and a nourishing diet in the treatment of certain neuroses and psychoses. Weisbach's angle (vJs'bahkh) [Albin Weisbach, Vienna anthropologist, 19th century.] A cranio- metrical angle formed by the junction, at the alveolar point, of lines passing from the basion and from the middle of the frontonasal suture. Weismann's theory (vis'mahn) [August Friedrich Leopold Weismann, German biologist, 1834— 1914.] Weismannism; the theory that the ve- hicle of inheritance . is the germ-plasm, trans- mitted from one generation to another, and that modifications in the offspring can be effected only .by the .mingling of the germ-plasm .of the parents; acquired characters, which affect only the somatic cells, are never transmitted since the somatic cells are mortal and perish with the individual, only the .germ cells passing down the succeeding generations and transmitting the inheritance. Weiss's reflex (vis) {Leopold Weiss, Berlin oculist, *i849.] -A- bowed light reflex seen in the retina to the inner, nasal, .§ide of the papilla; regarded as a sign of myopia. Weiss's sign (vis) [Nathan Weiss, German physician, i9th>century.] Facialis phenomenon.* . Weiss's $tain (vis) [Leonhard Weiss, German physi- cian, iC.Qptemporary.] - A combined stain for both acid-fast and nqn-acid-fast microorganisms; keep for 34 hours in methyl violet solution 25, carbol fuchsin 75, -then in Lugol's solutiop 10 minutes, in 5 per cent, nitric acid i minute,, in 3 .per cent, hydrochloric acid jo seconds, and in acetone alco- hol until no more color comes off; .then .dry with filter paper ^nd stain, for i minute in 10 per cent. Bismarck brown. Weissenburg, Switzerland (vis'en-bporg). Earthy waters, 80° F. Used, by drinking in respiratory affections. May 15 to September 30. Weisz' test (vis) [Moriz Weisz, German physician, contemporary.] A specimen of urine is diluted with 2 parts of water, and 3 drops of a i : 1000 aque,ous solution of potassium permanganate added ; after shaking, a positive reaction is marked by a golden or greenish yellow color; said to indi- cate tuberculosis in an advanced stage. Weitbrecht's car'tilage (vit'brekht) [Josias Weit- brechi, German anatomist in St. Petersburg, 1702-1747.] The interarticular fibrocartilage of WEITBRECHT'S CARTILAGE 1114 WET-PACK the acromioclavicular joint. W.'s cord, W.'s ligament (a). W.'s fora'men, an opening in the capsular ligament of the shoulder-joint, communi- cating with a bursa beneath the tendon of the subscapularis muscle. W.'s lig'ament, (1) the sphenomaxillary ligament; (a) a thin fibrous band attached to the coronoid process of the ulna and the upper part of the anterior surface of the radius. Welander's method (valahn-der) [Edvard Welander, Stockholm physician, *i846.] Inunction treat- ment for syphilis by the application of a flannel jacket spread with gray ointment. Welch's bacillus [William Henry Welch, Baltimore pathologist, *i85o.] Bacillus aerogenes capsula- ius: W.'s method, a method of demonstrating the capsules of microorganisms; apply glacial acetic acid for a few seconds; draw off and add aniline-water gentian violet solution ; then wash in I or 2 per cent, sodium chloride solution. well [A.S.] In good health. -well-be'ing. A condition of conscious mental and physical health, giving comfort and satisfaction. Wells's fa'cies [Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, English gynecologist, 1818— 1897.] Facies ovarica. Weltmerism (welt'mur-izm) [Sidney A. Weltmer, founder of the system, contemporary.] A sys- tem of therapeutics based on suggestion, wen [A.S.] A sebaceous cyst, especially one occur- ring on the scalp, ezplo'sive w., a sebaceous cyst which becomes inflamed and then assumes a ma- lignant character. Wender's test (ven'der) [Neumann Wender, Austrian pharmaceutical chemist, 19th century.] For sugar in the urine: the suspected fluid is heated with a solution of methylene blue made alkaline with caustic potassa; if sugar is present, it will decolorize the solution. Wenzell's test (vent'sel) [William Theodore Wemell, American physician of German birth, *i829.] For strychnine, which gives a color reaction on the addition of a few drops of a solution of i part of potassium permanganate in 2000 parts of concen- trated sulphuric acid. Weppen's test (vep'en). A test for morphine, the presence of which in a solution is indicated by* a red color after the addition successively of sugar, siilphuric acid, and bromine. Werdnig -Hoffmann type (verd'nig-hof'mahn) [Guido Werdnig, Austrian neurologist; Ernst Hoffmann, German neurologist, *i868.] An infantile form of muscular atrophy or myopathy, beginning in the early years of life and termi- nating fatally in from one to fo\ir years. WerlhofPs disease' (verl'hof) [Paul Gottlieb Werl- hoff, German physician, 1699-1767.] Purpura hsemorrhagica. Wemeklnck's comm'issure (ver'na-kink) [Friedrich Christian Gregor Wernekinck, German anatomist, 1798-1835.] The decussation of the brachia conjunctiva before their entrance into the red nucleus of the tegmentum. Werner -His disease' (vair'ner-his) . Volhynia fever.* Wernicke's apha'sia (ver'ne-keh) [Karl Wernicke, German neurologist, 1848— 1905.) Temporo- parietal aphasia; alexia, agraphia, difficulty 'n understanding what is said, and incoherence, but with retention of the power of articulation; in Broca's aphasia the latter is lost. W.'s a'rea, an area comprising the supramarginal and angular gyri and the bases of the first and second tempo- ral convolutions, where Marie locates the speech center. W.'s center, sensory speech center, the center for tmderstanding the spoken word, located in the first temporal convolution and in the supramarginal gyrus on the left side. W.'s disease', acute hemorrhagic poliencephalitis. W.'s fi'beis, a compact mass of fibers envelop- ing the external portion of the pulvinar and geniculate body. W.'s field, W.'s area. W.'s radla'tion, radiatio occipitothalamica. W.'s re- ac'tlon, in hemianopsia from disease of the cen- ters in the thalamus and corpora quadrigemina; it consists in loss of the light reflex when the light is thrown on the blind side of the retina, with preservation of the same when the light strikes the sensitive side. W.'s re'gion, W.'s area. W.'s sign, W.'s reaction. W.'s syndrome, presby- ophrenia. W.'s zone, W,'s area. Wertheim's ointment (vert'hJm) [Gustav Wertheim, Vienna physician, 1822-1888.] An ointment for chloasma made of ammoniated mercury and bismuth each 2 drachms, in glycerin ointment, i ounce. Wertheim's operation (verfhlm) [Ernst Wertheim, Viennese gynecologist, 1864— 1920.] A multiple plastic operation for procidentia uteri, con- sisting in amputation of the cervix, vaginofixa- tion of the uterus so as to support the bladder, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy, perineauxe- sis, and sometimes partial salpingectomy. West Baden Springs, Indiana. Alkaline-saline- chalybeate-calcic waters containing several gases — carbonic acid, sulphureted hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Westberg's disease' (vest'berg) [Friedrich Westberg, German physician, 19th century.] White spot disease, the occurrence of a number of white or atrophied spots on the skin, probably morphea alba or atrophica. W.'s space, the space sur- rounding the origin of the aorta which is invested with the pericardium. Westphal's contrac'tion (vest'fahl) [Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German neurologist, 1833-1890.] Contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle and its synergists on passive dorsal flexion of the foot. W.'s neuro'sis, pseudosclerosis ( 2 ) . W.'s nu'cleus, a small bulbar nucleus, above and posterior to the nucleus of the pathetic (4th cranial) nerve. W.'s phenom'enon, W.'s sign, abolition of the patellar tendon reflex. W.'s pu'pillary re'flez, paradoxical pupil phenomenon.* W.'s sign, abolition of the patellar reflex. W.'s zone, an area in the posterior column of the spinal cord in the lumbar region, the center of the patellar reflex. Westphal-Erb sign. Westphal's* sign. Westphal-PUcz phenom'enon (vest'fahl-pilts) [Alexander Karl Otto Westpkal, German neurolo- gist, *i863; Alexander Pilcz, Austrian neurolo- gist, *i87i.] Paradoxical pupil phenomenon.* West Springs, South Carolina. Alkaline-saline-cal- cic waters, 62° F. Several springs. Used in dyspepsia, diarrhea, and chronic catarrhal con- ditions of the genitourinary passages. wet-brain. Serous meningitis* (2). wet-cup. A cupping glass applied to the skin after scarification. wet-dream. A nocturnal seminal emission accom- panying a lascivious dream. Wet'emis Mineral Spring, Washington. Several springs. Used in gastric diseases and rheuma- tism . May I to October 15. wet-nurse. A nursing woman who gives suck regularly to the child of another. wet-pack. Wrapping in a sheet wet with cold or hot water and covered with blankets. 'JiT-SCALD HIS WHOOPING-COUGH Bt-scald. An eczematous skin eruption in sheep Bt-tett'er. Weeping eczema, eczema* vesiculo- sum. 'etzel's test (vet'sel) [Georg Wetzel, German physi- cian, * 1 8 7 1 .] For carbon monoxide in the blood the blood is diluted with four volumes of water and then with three volumes of a i per cent, solu- tion of tannin; the presence of carbon monoxide IS mdicated by a carmine tint, its absence by a gray color. 'eyl's test (vH) [Theodor Weyl, German chemist. 1851-1913.] For creatinin: to the suspected solu- tion are added a dilute solution of sodium nitro- prusside and a few drops of a dilute solution of caustic soda; a ruby color is produced which, on the further addition of acetic acid, the fluid being warmed, will change to yellow and blue, Tiar'ton's duct [Thomas Wharton, English anato- mist, 16 10-1673.] Ductus submaxillaris. W.'s jelly, the mucoid connective tissue forming the basic substance of the umbilical cord. hartonitis (hwawr-ton-i'(e')tis). Inflammation of the submaxillary (Wharton's) duct. heal (hwel) [A.S. kwele.] An acute circumscribed elevation of the skin, of varying shape according to the cause, due to edema of the cutis vera; the sur- face is whitish or pinkish and the lesion is sur- rounded by a pink area. The lesion occurs as a re- sult of irritation (blow of a whip, bite of an insect) or as the characteristic eruption of urticaria. ^heat'stone's bridge [Charles Wheatstone, English physicist, 1802— 1875.] An apparatus for deter- mining the electrical resistance of a substance; the current flows along two divergent conductors which subsequently come together again, and which in the middle are joined by a cross-bar the "bridge," in the center of which is a galvano- meter. HieelTiouse's opera'tion [Claudius Galen Wheel- house, English surgeon, 19th century.] External urethrotomy. heeze [A.S. hwesan.] i. To breathe with difli- culty and noisily. 2. The- sound made by air passing through the fauces and glottis in difficult breathing, a puifing. asth'matoid w., Jack- son's sign, a puflBng sound heard in front of the patients' open mouth in a case of foreign body in the trachea or a bronchus. helk [from wheal.] A wheal; a pustule; a tubercle or nodule on the face, ionthus. het'stone ciys'tals. Xanthin crystals in the urine. hettle-bone (hwet-l-bon). A vertebra. hey [A.S. hwag.] Milk serum, serum lactis, the watery part of milk remaining after the separa- tion of the casein, alum w., w produced by curdling milk by means of powdered alum. w. cure, the treatment of disease by the use of whey internally and by bathing. hiff. A slight inhalation or exhalation of air; a puil. oral w., Drummond's sign. hip'worm. Trichocephalas trichiurus. hirl'bone. l. Patella. 2. The rounded head of the femur or of the humerus. .,-. , his'key, whis'ky [Gael, usquebaugh, water of life.] Spiritus frumenti (U.S.,) strong alcoholic liquor made from barley, Indian com, or rye. his'per [A.S. hwisprian.] 1. To speak without phonation. 2. The sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the subject whispers ;, called also whispering pectoriloquy and whispering resonance, whis'pered bronchoph'ony, a hollow reverberating whisper heard in auscultating over a bronchus through solid or compressed lung tissue. .whistle (hwisl) [A.S. hwistle.] i. A. sharp shrill sound made by forcing air through a narrow opening. 2. An instrument for producing a whistle. Galton's w., see Gallon. white [A.S. hwit.'] The color resulting from the perfect commingling of all the rays of the spec- trum without absorption of any; the color of, chalk or of snow. w. ar'senic, arsenic trioxidum. w. at'rophy, see atrophy, w. blood-cell, leucocyte. w. com'missure, commissura anterior alba [BNA]. w. cor'puscle, leucocyte, w. in'f aict, pale infarct. * w. kidney, large white kidney.* w. lead, plumbi carbonas. w. lep'rosy, see macular leprosy.* w. line, a white streak, lasting several minutes, following the drawing of a pen-holder or the finger over the skin, occurring in certain cases of degeneration of the suprarenal glands, w. of egg,' albumen, w. of the eye, the visible portion of the sclerotic, w. plague, pulmonary tuberculosis, w. pneumo'nia, a catarrhal pneu- monia occurring in congenital syphilis, in which the lungs appear light colored post mortem, w. pox, see whitepox, w. precip'itate, hydrargyrum ammoniatum. w. substance of the brain and spinal cord, substantia alba. w. swelling, tu- berculous arthritis of the knee-joint, w. throm- bus, an antemortem heart clot. w. vit'riol, zinci sulphas, w. wax, cera alba. White's disease' [James C. White, Boston dermatol- ogist, *i833.] Darier's disease, keratosis* foUic- ularis. White'head's opera'tion [Walter Whitehead, English surgeon, 1S40-1913.] Excision of hemorrhoids by two circular incisions above and below the tumors in the mucous membrane just inside the sphincter. white'pox. A disease resembling varioloid, but apparently distinct from it, occurring alike in the vaccinated and the unvaccinated; the symp- toms are those of smallpox, but usually mild; the eruption is often profuse, even confluent, on the face, but leaves no permanent scarring; or- dinary vaccination will not take until about six months after an attack of whitepox. The dis- ease is found chiefly on the west coast of Africa and in Brazil. whites. Leucorrhea. white-spot disease'. Westberg's* disease. White Sulphur Springs, Louisiana. Pour springs. Used in rheumatism. Bright 's disease, dyspepsia, and general debility. White Sulphur Springs, Montana. Alkaline-saline waters, 95° F. to 125° P. Used by drinking and bathing in diseases of the skin and liver, and syphilis. whit'low. Paronychia, panaris, felon, suppurative inflammation of the structures in the distal phalanx of a finger or toe; it may be superficial, involving the parts about the nail, or deep-seated, involving the bone and periosteum, melanot'ic w., a melanotic or pigmented sarcoma of the skin, beginning at the border of the nail, painless w., Morvan's* disease. Whit'more's fe'ver [A. Whitmore, surgeon, Anglo- Indian Medical Service.] A disease observed in Rangoon, resembling glanders somewhat, marked by bronchopneumonia, multiple ab- scesses, and fever of an intermittent type. whoop. The sonorous inspiration with which the paroxysm of coughing terminates in pertussis. whooping-cough (hoop'ing-kawf). Pertussis, tussis convulsiva ; an acute infectious disease marked by recurrent attacks of spasmodic coughing contin- ued until the breath is exhausted, then ending WISMOL 1118 WOOD-PULP wis'mol [Ger. wismut, bismuth.] Trade name of an antiseptic dusting powder. witchha'zel. Hamamelis. witch-milk. A secretion of colostrum-like milk sometimes occurring in the mammary glands of newborn infants of either sex. Witha'nia. A genus of plants of the order Solanacea, several species of which contain mydriatic alka- loids similar to atropine. with'era [A.S. wither, against.] The ridge on a horse's back between the shoulders at the termination of the mane. Witte's peptone (vit'tehz pep'ton). A commercial product consisting of a mixture of albumoses or related substances, derived by peptic digestion from fibrin. Wittekind, Germany (vit'eh-kint). Saline waters Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, cardiac and nervous diseases, diseases of women, and obesity. May i to October i. Witt'er's Miu'eral Springs, California. Saline-cha- lybeate-carbonated-sulphureted waters. Cold. Various springs. Used by drinking and bathing in liver, intestinal, and kidney affections. Witz's test. For hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; a solution of methyl violet (1:40) will be changed from violet to blue and green on the addition of gastric juice containing free hydro- chloric acid. witzelsucht (vit'sel-zukht) [Ger. witzeln, to affect wit, -I- sucht, mania.] A morbid tendency to pun, make poor jokes, and tell pointless stories, while being oneself inordinately entertained thereby. W^ladimirofi operation (vlah-de'me-rawf). Mikulicz*- VladimirofE operation. Woelde's tri'angle (vel'deh). Politzer's luminous cone. Woelfler's opera'tion (velf'ler) [Anton Woelfier, Prague surgeon, 1850-1917.] Anterior gastro- enterostomy. W.'s sign, in cases of hourglass stomach fluids quickly disappear, but on lavage later one obtains food remains and the wash- water is foul and discolored. W.'s su'ture, an intestinal suture by which broad layers of the serosa are united, the knots being tied on the inner surface of the bowel. Wohlgemuth's test (vol'gS-moot) [Julius Wohlge- muth, German physician, contemporary.] A test for renal adequacy based on the fact that normal renal tissue excretes a diastatic enzyme, which fails in proportion as the parenchyma of the kidney is diseased. The urine is treated with a solution of soluble starch, 1— 1000; and after exposure in the incubator to allow a digestive reaction, the fluid is tested with iodine to deter- mine the degree of starch hydrolysis. Woillez's disease' (vwS-la') [Eugtee Joseph Woillez, Parisian physician, 1811-1882.] Acute, appa- rently idiopathic, pulmonary congestion running the course of a mild croupous pneumonia. Wolfe's meth'od [John Reisberg Wolfe, Glasgow ophthalmologist, 19th century.] Treatment of ectropion by incision and the insertion of a large graft, the entire thickness of the skin but without any subcutaneous fat. Wolfer's Mineral Spring, Oregon. The waters con- tain calcium and magnesium carbonate, sodium and potassium chloride, silica, iron oxide, and alumina. Used by drinking for the tonic and laxative properties. Wolff's law (volf) [Julius Wolff, German anato- mist, 1836-1902.] Every change in the form and the function of a bone, or of its function alone, is followed by certain definite changes in its internal architecture and secondary- alterations in its external conformation. Wolff-Eisner reac'tion (volf-iz'ner) [Alfred Wolff- Eisner, Berlin physician, contemporary.] Oph- thalmoreaction, conjunctival* reaction, Wolff'ian. Relating to or described by one of the name Wolff, specifically Kaspar Friedrich Wolff, St. Petersburg embryologist bom in Germany, 1733-1794. W. body, mesonephros, a transi- tory paired organ in the fetus, one on either side of the spinal column, comiposed of convoluted tubules opening into a duct discharging into the cloaca; it persists in the male as the epididymis, in the female as the parovarium. W. duct, a canal in the embryo connecting the coelom and the cloaca, forming later the duct of the mesonephros; in the male it persists as the ductus deferens, in the female it is represented by the rudimentary Gartner's canal. W. mes'enteiy, a membranous fold, developed from the W. body, which enters into the formation of the primitive diaphragm. W. ridge, a slight prominence on each side of the attachment of the primitive mesentery in the embryo which later develops into the W. body or mesonephros. Wolff- Junghans test (volf-yoong'hahns). A quan- titative estimation of the albumin in the gastric contents is made after a test-meal; a very rapid digestion of protein is indicative of cancer, a positive result being claimed in 70 to 80 per cent, of cases of gastric cancer. wolf-grape. Dulcamara. wolfs'bane. Aconite. wolf's tooth. A supplementary, rudimentary molar tooth of the horse, sometimes appearing in either jaw. Woll'aston's doub'let [William Hyde Wollaston, English physician and physicist, 1766-1828.] A combination of two planoconvex lenses in the eyepiece of a microscope designed to correct the chromatic aberration. womb [A.S. the belly.] Uterus. womb-stone, i. A calcified myoma of the uterus. 2. A uterine calculus. wood-al'cohol. Methyl alcohol.* V^ood'bridge treat'ment [John Eliot Woodbridge, American physician, 1845-1901.] A method of treatment of typhoid fever by elimination and intestinal antisepsis ; it consists in the administra- tion of small and frequently repeated doses of calomel and various antiseptics. wood-char'coal. Carbo ligni, wood'en tongue. Actinomycosis of the tongue in. cattle. wood-flour. A fine sawdust used as an absorbent in surgical dressings. Wood'hall Spa, England. Saline waters containing small amounts of bromides and iodides, 56° F. Used by bathing and locally in rheumatism, gout, sciatica, skin diseases, goiter, diseases of women, chronic catarrhal conditions of the mucous membranes, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatic disorders, scrofula, rickets, skin affections, and syphilis. The end of March to the end of October. wood-naph'tha. Wood alcohol, methyl alcohol.* wood-oil. Gurjun balsam, oleoresina* diptero- carpi. Chinese' .-ow., Japanese' w.-o., the ex- pressed oil of the nut of Aleuriies cordata, not em- ployed in medicine. wood-pulp. Wood-fiber reduced to a pulp and compressed into sheets, employed in the manu- facture of paper; it is used also in the making of extemporaneous splints, a sheet of the substanca being moistened and moulded to the limb. OOD-SUGAR 1119 WRISBERG'S ANASTOMOSIS od-su'gar Xylose, od-tar. Pix liquida. od-wool. A specially prepared not compressed, vood-fiber used for surgical dressings. )0(l'yatt pump [RolUn Turner Woodyatt, Ameri- can physician, *i 878.] An apparatus devised to Jffect continuous intravenous injection at a con- itant rate. ol. The hair of the sheep, sometimes, when lefatted, used as a surgical dressing. ol-fat. Adeps* lanae. hy'drous w.-f., lanoline ideps* lanae hydrosus. •ol'ner's tip [Thomas Woolner, EngUsh sculptor, :826-i892.] The extremity of the helix of the Luricle. ol'sorter's disease'. The pulmonary form of mthrax caused by inhalation of dust laden with Sacillus anthracis; the symptoms are often ibscure, pointing only to some mild pulmonary nfection, but death is common and frequently udden. D'rali, woo'rara, woo'rari. Curare. lof an Wells, Texas. Stilphated-saline-chalybeate raters. Various wells. Used by drinking and lathing in rheumatism, diabetes, nephritis, and iffections of the alimentary tract and liver. The tntire year. rd-blind'ness. Inability to recognize written or )rinted words; text-blindness, alexia, visual Lphasia. rd-deaf'ness. Inability to understand spoken rords although their sound is heard. rd debris (wurd da-bre'). A number of syl- ables or meaningless sounds explosively emitted )y the aphasic in attempting to talk. rd-salad. A term applied by Porel to the jumble if meaningless words uttered by a patient suf- ering from catatonia. rking-dis'tance. In microscopy, the distance of he objective from the object. rm (wurm) [A. S. wyrm.] 1. In zoology, any nember of the invertebrate group or subking- lom Vermes. Popularly, any non-vertebrate, ylindrical, legless creature which moves on and by creeping; any vermiform parasite of iblong shape, whether cylindrical or flat; ertain grubs and larvae are also called worms. !. In anatomy, any structure resembling a rorm, such as the middle lobe of the cerebellum. ;. The vermiform cartilage in the tongue of a Log. 4. The spiral tube of a still in which the 'apor is condensed. irm'ian bones [Olaus Worm, Danish anatomist, 588-1654.] Sutural bones [BNA], epactal pones; small irregularly shaped pieces of bone iccasionally found along the lines of the cranial utures. irm'ley's test [Theodore G. Wormley, American hemist, 18 26-1 89 7.] For alkaloids, by treating he solution with picric acid or a dilute lodme- lotassium-iodide solution, the presence of alka- Dids being shown by a color reaction. rm-MueUer's for'nula (vorm-mu'ler) [Jacob Vorm-MuelUr, Norwegian physician, 1834-1889.] Loberts'* formula for the quantitative estmia- Lon of sugar in the urine. TO'seed. I. Santonica. 2. Chenopodmm. ■m'wood. Absinthium. •s'ted test. A test for color-perception by means f skeins of variously colored worsteds, Holm- ren's test. •t [A.S. W3^<, a plant.] t. A suffix in the popular ames of many plants, such as liverwort, lungwort, roundwort, etc. z. An infusion of malt.- Woulfe's bott'le [Peter Woulfe, English chemist, 1727-1803.] A bottle with two or three necks, used in a series, connected with tubes, for work- ing with gases (washing, drying, absorbing, etc.) - wound (woond or wownd). An injury or trauma- tism, usually with a solution of continuity, con- tused w., a bruise, an injury to the soft parts; without a break in the skin, gunshot w., one made with a bullet or other missile projected by- a firearm, gutt'er w., a tangential glancing w. which merely makes a furrow on the side of the injured part, without perforating, incised w., a clean cut made with a sharp instrument. lac- erated w., a tear of the tissues, open w., one in which the affected tissues are freely exposed by an external opening, pen'e- trating w., one that extends into the abdomen or other cavity of the body, punctured w., one- made by a narrow pointed instrument, se'ton. w., a tangential perforating w., the wounds of entrance and exit being on the same side of the- body, head, or limb involved, subcuta'neous w.^ one in which there is no opening or only a very small one in the skin, tangen'tial w., a w., whether perforating (seton w.) or glancing (gutter w.), involving only" one side of the in- jured part. wound'wort. i. Solidago virgaurea, Aaron's rod employed in domestic medicine as a vulnerary. 2. Stachys palustris, the hedge-nettle, a -vulnerary in domestic practice. W.r. Abbre-viation for Wassermann reaction. wreath (reth) [A.S. ivreeih, a bandage.] Spirem.. daughter w., diaster, viewed from the surface. mother w., aster, viewed from the surface. Wreden's sign (-vra'den) [Robert Roberto-vich. Wrede», St. Petersburg otologist, 1837-1893.] In- the case of a stUlbom child a gelatinous material more or less completely fills the external auditory meatus. Wright's blood-stain [James Homer Wright, Ameri- can pathologist, *i869.] Methylene blue is added, to a 0.5 per cent, aqueous solution of sodium, bisarbonate, in the proportion of i gm. to 100 c c, and heated at 100° C. for an hour ; it is then filterei and a o . I per cent, aqueous solution of water- soluble eosin is added in the proportion of 5 of the latter to i of the methylene blue solution ; the- precipitate which forms is dried and then dis- solved in methyl alcohol in the proportion of . I gm. to 60 c.c. of alcohol, to make the stain„ W.'s solu'tion, a solution of sodium citrate and. sbdium chloride, in the proportion of i of the-- former to 2J of the latter. Wright's meth'od [Sir Ahuroth Edward Wright, En- glish bacteriologist, *i86i.] The opsonic method.- wrightine (rit'en). Conessine, an alkaloid. CjjH4|,N2,. derived from Holarrhena antidysenterica; a> yellowish astringent and anthelmintic powder Wrisberg's anastomo'sis (vriz'berg) [Heinrich August Wrisberg, German anatomist, 1737-1808.J 1. Between W.'s nerve and the intercostobrachia- lis. 2. Between the greater splanchnic and the- right vagus nerves. W.'s an'sa, a loop formed by W.'s anastomosis (2) and the right semilunar- ganglion. W.'s car'tilage, cartilage cuneiformis. W.'s gan'glion, (1) ganglion cardiacum; (2) gan- glion semilunare. W.'s lig'ament, ligamentum menisci lateralis. W.'s nerve, (i) nervus cuta- neus brachii medialis; (2) nervus intermedius, called also W.'s pars intermedia, W.'s staff, the- prominence of the cuneiform cartilage seen on a laryngoscopic examination. W.'stu'bercle„ tuberculum cuneiforme. WRIST WYLIE'S DRAIN wrist [A.S. wrist- joint, ankle-joint.] The segment of the upper extremity between the forearm and the hand; carpus. wrist-clo'nus. Rhythmical contractions and relax- ations of the muscles of the forearm excited by a forcible passive extension of the hand-. wrist-drop. Paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers from lesion of the musculospiral nerve. wrist-joint. Radiocarpal articulation, between the radius and the scaphoid, semilunar, and cunei- form bones. wri'ter*s cramp. Mogigraphia, an occupation neurosis affecting chiefly the muscles of the thumb and two adjoining fingers of the right hand, induced by excessive use of the pen; it occurs in one of four main forms — spastic, paralytic, neu- ralgic, and tremulous. wri'ting-hand. A contraction of the hand muscles in paralysis agitans, bringing the fingers some- what in the position of holding a pen. wryneck (ri-nek'). Torticollis. V/underlich's curve (voon'der-likh) [Carl Reinhold Wunderlich, German physician, 1815-1867.] The typical fever curve of typhoid fever. wu'rari. Curare. wurr'as. Warras. Wurster's rea'gent (voor'ster) [Casimir Wurster, German chemist, *i8s6.] Filter-paper im- pregnated with tetramethylparaphenylendiamin, which is turned blue in the presence of ozone W.'s test for tyrosine; the substance is dis- solved in boiling water and quiijone is added; if tyrosine is present a ruby colored.reaction takes place, the solution changing to brown after a few hours. wych-hazel. Witch-hazel, hamamelis.* Wychia (Droitwich), England. Saline waters. Used diluted by bathing and internally in muscu- lar rheumatism, sciatica, chronic gout, convales- cence, traumatic cases, disorders of women, tabes, chorea, gonorrheal arthritis, and debility. The Summer months. Wy'eth's operation [John Allan Wyeth, New York surgeon, *i845.] Bloodless amputation of the hip, hemorrhage being controlled by a strong elastic tube held in place by long needles trans- fixing the tissues above the joint. Wy'Ue's drain [Walter Gill Wylie, New York gyne- cologist, *i848.] An instrument resembling a stem pessary, with enlarged, but not bulbous, extremity, on the lateral surface of which is a deep longitudinal groove, forming a gutter for drainage of the uterine cavity. W.'s opera'tion, intra-abdominal shortening of the round liga- ments; each ligament is folded on itself and held by sutures, the opposing surfaces being freshened. XANTHOPSIN X S. 1. The Roman numeral lo. 2. In homeop- athy, noting the decimal scale o£ dilutions or potencies; see potency. 3. Abbreviation for Kienboeck's* unit. 4. Chemical symbol for xenon. xanol (zan'ol). Trade name of sodium-caffeine salicylate, recommended as a diuretic and vaso- motor tonic. xanthte'matin. Xanthematin. xanthaline (zan'thal-en). An alkaloid, CjjHajNjO,, derived from the mother liquor of morphine. zanthamide (zan'tham-id) . A crystalline body, C,H,NSO, derived from xanthic acid. zanthate (zan'that). A salt of xanthic acid. xanthein (zan'the-in) [G. xanthos, yellow.] The water-soluble part of the yellow pigment of flowers, the insoluble part being xanthin. zanthelas'ma [G. xanthos, yellow, + elasma, a beaten metal plate.] Xanthoma. zanthelasmoidea (zan-the-Iaz-mo-id'e-ah) [xanthel- lastna + G. eidos, resemblance.] Urticaria pig- mentosa; a cutaneous disorder of childhood, marked by the occurrence of wheals succeeded by brownish yellow patches or nodules. xanthematin, zanthaematin (zan-them'd-tin) [G xanthos, yellow, + hemaiin.] A yellow substance derived from hematin by treating with nitric acid. xanthic (zan'thik). 1. Yellow, yellowish. 2. Re- lating to xanthin. X. acid, a thiosulphocar- bonic-acid ester, an oily liquid with pungent odor. X. cal'culus, a. urinary calculus of xanthin. x. oxide, xanthin (2). xanthin (zan'thin) [G. xanthos, yellow.] The water- insoluble portion of the coloring matter of yellow flowers, distinguished from xanthein. xanthine (zan'thin). Xanthic oxide, a white sub- stance, CjHjNiO^, occurring in many of the organs and in the urine, and occasionally forming urinary calculi. X. bases, alloxuric bases, nitrogenous substances resulting from the cleavage of nucleins. zan'thinin. A substance derived from ammonium thionurate by heating the latter. zanthinoz'idase. An oxidase which converts xan- thin and hypoxanthin to uric acid. xanthinuria (zari-thin-u'ri-ah) [xanthin + G. ouron, urine.] The excretion of abnormally large amounts of xanthin in the urine. Xanthium (zan'thl-um). A genus of plants of the order ComposittB, several species of which have been used in medicme. X. canaden'se, cocklebur, clotbar, has been used in the treatment of skin diseases X. spino'sum, spicy clotbur, the leaves have been used as a diaphoretic diuretic, and antiperiodic in doses of gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.0). X. struma'rium, a species credited with antidotal power to the venom of poisonous insects, and has also been employed as a styptic. zanthiu'ria. Xanthinuria. zanthochroia (zan-tho-kroy'ah) [G. xanthos yellow, + chroia, color.] Xanthochromia, xanthopathy, xanthoderma. xanthochromia (zan-tho-kro'mi-ah) [G. xanthos yellow, + chroma, color.] The occurrence of patches of yellow color in the skin, resembhng xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates. zanthochroous (zan-thok'ro-us) [G. xanthos, yellow, 71 + cfcroa, complexion.] Havingafaircomplexion, light-skinned, blond, xanthochrous, xantho- chroic. zanthocre'atine, xanthocTeaf inine. A yellow leuco- maine, CjHijN^O, resembling creatine, which is found in muscular tissue. xanthocyanopia (zan-tho-si-an-o'pl-ah) [G. xanthos, yellow, + kyanos, blue -t- dps, eye.] Red-green blindness; partial color-blindness in which yellow and blue only are discriminated. zanthoder'ma, zanthoder'mia. A yellowish discolor- ation of the skin, xanthochromia.* zan'thodont, zanthodon'tous [G. xanthos, yellow, -1- odousipdont-), tooth.] Having yellow teeth. zanthogen'ic acid. Xanthic* acid. zanthoma (zan-tho'mah) [G. xanthos, yellow.] A skin disease characterized by the presence of yel- low nodules or slightly raised plates in the skin, especially of the eyelids; fibroma lipomatodes, xan- thelasma, vitiligoidea. x. diabetico'Tum, a form of X. of inflammatory origin occurring in diabetes, x. mul'tiplex, xanthomatosis, xanthoma, usually x. tuberosum, generally distributed over the body, sometimes affecting the mucous membranes as well as the skin. x. palpebra'rum, xanthoma, usually X. planum, confined to the eyelids, x. pla'num, a form marked by the occurrence of yellow bands or rectangular plates in the corium z. tubero'sum, x. in the form of yellow nodules of varying size in the corium. zanthomato'sis. A generalized eruption of xan- thoma, xanthoma multiplex. xantho'matous. Relating to or suffering from xanthoma. zanthone (zan'thon). Brometone. zanthop'athy [G xanthos, yellow + pathos, suffer- ing.] Xanthoderma, xanthochromia. xanthophose (zan'tho-foz) [G. xanthos, yellow, + phos, light.] A yellow phose.* zanthophyll (zan'tho-fil) [G. xanthos, yellow, -f phyllon, leaf.] A decomposition product of chlorophyll which gives the yellow color to autumn leaves. zantho'pia [G. xanthos, yellow, + opsipp-), eye.] Xanthopsia. zanthopic'rine, zanthopic'rite [G. xanthos, yellow, + pikros, bitter.] Berberine. xan'thoplasty [G. xanthos, yellow -f- plasso, I form.] Xanthopathy, xanthrochromia.* xanthoproteic (zan-tho-pro-te'ik). Relating to xanthoprotein. x. acid, a non-crystallizable yellow substance derived from proteins upon treat- ing with nitric acid. x. test, a test for protein, by treating the substance with nitric acid ; if protein is present a yellow color is produced (indicating the presence of xanthoprotein) which becomes more intense upon alkalinizing with ammonia. xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'te-in). A yellow sub- stance formed upon treating protein with hot nitric acid. xanthopsia (zan-thop'sl-ah) [G. xanthos, yellow, + opsis, vision.] Yellow vision, a state in which all objec^ appear of a yellow color. xanthop'sin [G. xanthos, yellow, -I- opsis, vision.) Visual yellow the visual purple (rhodopsin] bleached by the action of light. XANTHOPSYDRACIA XEROPHAGIA xanthopsydracia (zan-thop-si-dra'sl-ah) [G. xanthos, yellow, + psydrax(psydrak-) pimple.] Any disease of the skin marked by an eruption of yellow pustules. xanthopuccine (zan-tho-puk'sen) [G xantHos, yel- low, + Am. Ind. puccoon, hydrastis.] Canadine. an alkaloid, CjjHjiNOj, derived from hydrastis. Xanthorrhiza (zan-tho-ri'zah) [G. xanthos, yellow, + rhiza, root.]. Yellow-root, a genus of plants of the order Ranunculacece, the only species of which, X. apiijolia, is a bitter tonic with proper- ties like those of berberis. zanthorrhoea (zan-tho-re'ah) [G. xanthos, yellow, -1- rhoia, a flow.] Acaroid or yellow gum, Botany- Bay resin, resina lutea, a balsam exuding from Xanthorrhcea arborea, X. hasiilis, and other species of X., plants of Australia; it has properties similar to those of storax, but is seldom employed medicinally. xanthosis (zan-tho'sis) [G. xanthos, yellow.] A yel- lowish discoloration of degenerating tissues, espe- cially seen in malignant neoplasms. xanthous (zan'thus) [G. xanthos, yellow.] Yellow. xanthoxylene (zan-thoksl-len).] A volatile oil. C,||H,5, obtained from several species of Xan- thoxylum. xanthozyli fructus [zan-thoksl-li fruk'tus) (N.F.). Prickly ash berries, the dried fruit of Xanlhox- ylum americanum or X. clava-her cutis; dose, gr. IS (i-o)- xanthoxylin (zan-thoksl-lin). i. An mert crys- talline body present in prickly ash bark. z. A concentration product of xanthoxylum; dose, gr. 2 (0.13). xanthoxylum (zan-thoks^-lum) [G. xanthos, yellow, + xylon, wood.] (U.S ) Prickly ash, the bark of Xanthoxylum americanum or of Fagara clava- herculis, the northern and southern prickly ash respectively; employed in an alterative, carmin- ative and diaphoretic in doses of gr. 20-60 (1.3-4.0). xanthu'ria. Xanthinuria. xanthylic (zan-thil'ik) [xanthine + G. hylikos, material.] Relating to xanthine. X. bacillus, Bacillus* X. x-bod'ies. Certain appearances noted in specimens of blood in malaria and other febrile conditions, and of apparently normal ox blood and rabbit blood; their nature and significance are undeter- mined, and it has been claimed that they are artefacts occurring in old slides especially after long use in the tropics. x-disease'. A term applied by James Mackenzie to a train of indefinite symptoms of ill health associated with coldness of the extremities, sensi- tiveness to cold, absence of reaction after a cold bath, dyspepsia, bowel disturbances, etc.; a remission in the symptoms is common, when the patient feels well, but a relapse usually occurs; respiration is slow and the heart's action may be slow or irregular; the nature of the disease is not yet known, whence its appellation a;-disease. xenembole (zen-em'bo-le) [G. xenos, a stranger -I- embole, insertion.] The introduction of a foreign body or foreign substances into the system. xenenthesis (zen-en'the-sis) [G. xenos, stranger, -I- enihesis, introduction.] Xenembole. xenia (ze'nl-ah) [G.xenia, hospitality.] Apparent double fertilization observed in maize; if the pollen of one variety is made to fall on tl^ silk of another variety of maize, the kernels sometimes present the characters of the male parent. xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'e-sis) [G. xenos, stranger, -I- genesis, origin.] A term used to denote the hypo- thetical production of offspring unlike the parents and never returning, either in the present or suc- ceeding generation, to their type. See hetero- genesis. xenogenic (zen-o-jen'ik) [G. xenos, host, + -genes, producing.] 1. Originating in the host, said of cytotoxins and analogous substances result- ing from the action of bacterial stimuli on cells of the host, and also of stimuli emanating from the host and acting upon the bacteria. 2. [G. xenos, foreign.] Originating outside of the organism, or from a foreign substance which has been introduced into the organism. xenogenous (zen-oj'en-us). Xenogenic. xenomenia (zen- -me'ni-ah) [G. xenos, strange, -I- meniaia, menses.] Vicarious menstruation. xenon (zen'on) [G. xenos, a stranger.] A gaseous element, symbol X, atomic weight 130.7, present in minute proportion in the atmosphere; so far as known it is incapable of combining with any other element. xenoparasite (zen"o-par'a-sit) [G. xenos, host.] An ecoparasite which becomes pathogenic in con- sequence of weakened resistance on the part of its host. xenophobia (zen-o-fo'b!-ah) [G. xenos, a stranger, -I- phobos, fear.] A morbid dread of meeting strangers. xenopho'nia [G. xenos, foreign, -I- phone, voice.] A speech defect marked by an alteration in accent and intonation. xenophthal'mia [G xenos, a stranger, -1- ophthalmia, inflammation of the eye ] Inflammation excited by the presence of a foreign body in the eye. xeransis (ze-ran'sis) [G. xeransis; xeros, dry.] A gradual loss of moisture in the tissues, sicca- tion. xeran'tic. Siccant, siccative, causing dryness. xeraph'lum [G xeraphion.] A drying powder. xerasia (ze-ra'zl-ah) [G. xerasia; xeros, dry.] A disease of the hair characterized by extreme dryness and brittleness and cessation of growth. xerium (ze'ri-um) [G. xerion.\ Xeraphium. xerocollyrium (ze"ro-kol-ir'I-um) [G. xeros, dry, -t- kollyrion, eye-salve.] An eye-salve, a non-liquid coUyrium. xeroderma (ze-ro-dur'mah) [G. xeros, dry, -I- derma, skin.] A condition of roughening of the skin due to a slight increase of the homy layer and dimin- ished cutaneous secretion ; a mild form of ichthy- osis. X. pigmento'sum, Kaposi's disease, atro- phodermia pigmentosa; a disease of the skin, occurring in childhood, characterized by numer- ous pigment spots, resembling freckles, larger atrophic lesions, resulting in glossy white thin- ning of the skin, surrounded by telangiectases, and multiple carcinomata and sarcomata; it often terminates fatally. xeroder'mia. Xeroderma. xeroform (ze'ro-form). Bismuth tribromphenolate, a yellowish insoluble powder, used as an intes- tinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 3-7^ (0.2-0.5), and externally as a substitute for iodoform. xero'ma [G. xeros, dry.] Xerophthalmia. xeromenia (ze-ro-me'nl-ah) [G. xeros, dry, -|- meniaia, menses,] The occurrence of the usual constitutional symptoms at the menstrual period without any show of blood. xeromycteria (ze-ro-mik-te'r!-ah) [G. xeros, dry, + myktir, the nose.] Extreme dryness of the nasal mucous membrane. xeron'osus [G. xSros, dry, -I- nosos, disease.] Xerosis. xerophagla (ze-ro-fa'ji-ah) [G. xerophagia; xeros^ XEROPHAGIA 1123 XYSTUS dry, + phago, I eat.] The eating of dry food; subsisting on a dry diet. xerophagy (ze-rof'a-jl). Xerophagia. xerophthalmia, xerophthal'mus (ze-rof-thal'mt-ah) [G. xeros, dry, + ophthalmos, eye.] Xeroma, ex- treme dryness of the conjunctiva which loses its luster and becomes skin-like in appearance. xerosis (ze-ro'sis) [Gr. xeros, dry.] i. Pathological dryness of the skin (xeroderma) or of the con- junctiva (xerophthalmia) or other mucous mem- branes. 2. The normal evolutionary sclerosis of the tissues in old age. xerostomia (ze-rS-sto'ml-ah) [G. xeros, dry, + stoma, mouth.] A dryness of the mouth result- ing from diminished or arrested salivary secretion, or aptyalism. xerot'ic. Dry, affected with xerosis. zeroto'cia [G. xeros, dry, -t- tohos, labor.] Dry labor, partus siccus. xerotrip'sis [G. xeros, dry, -I- tripsis, rubbing.] Dry friction. xi'nol. Zinol. xiphisternal (zif-i-ster'nal). Relating to the xiphi- stemum, or xiphoid cartilage. xiphister'num. Xiphoid or ensiform process, meta- stemum. xiphocostal (zi-fo-kos'tal) [G. xiphos, sword, + L. casta, rib.] Relating to the xiphoid cartilage and the ribs. xiphodid'ymus, xiphod'ymus [G. xiphos, sword (xiphoid cartilage), -I- didymos, twin.] A twin monster joined by a band extending from the umbilicus to the xiphoid cartilage, as in the case of the Siamese* twins, or with the bodies fused at the part mentioned; xiphopagus. xiphodyn'ia [G. xiphos, sword (ensiform cartilage), + odyne, pain.] Pain, of a neuralgic character, in the region of the xiphoid cartilage. xiphoid (zi'foyd) [G. xiphos, sword, + eidos, appear- ance.] Sword-shaped, ensiform; noting the cartilaginous process, shaped like a sword-tip, forming the lower extremity of the sternum; the xiphoid or ensiform cartilage or process, meta- stemum, processus xiphoideus [BNA]. ziphop'agus. Xiphodidymus. x-ograph. Skiagram. x-rays. Roentgen rays; see under ray. x-stuff. A hypothetical substance supposed to be present in cases of malignant growth and to facilitate the nutrition of the cancer cells. xylan'thrax [G. xylon, wood, + anthrax, coal.] Charcoal. xylan (zilan) [G. xyhn, wood.] A gum-like sub- stance, a hemicellulose, -present m various xyllm (zi'lem) [G. xyhn. wood.] In botany, the inner portion of a vascular bundle. xylene (zi'len). Xylol. xylenin (zi'len-in). Xylenobacillin. xylenobacillin (zi-len-o-bas'il-in). A toxic sub- stance extracted from cultures of the tubercle bacillus by treatment with xylol. xyleuol (zi'len-ol). A substance, CgHjjO, occurring in three isomeric forms (meta-, ortho-, and para- xylenol). The salicylates, meta-, ortho-, and para-xylenol-salol, are used as internal antiseptics in rheumatism and diarrhea in doses of gr. 2-5 (0.13-0.3). xylidine (zi'U-den). Aminoxylene, C,HjiN, em- ployed as a reagent and in the manufacture of dyes. xylobal'samum. Balm of Gilead. Xylocarpus (zi-lo-kar'pus) [G. xylon, wood, + karpos, fruit.] A genus of trees, a species of which, X. carapa, yields a fixed oil, carapa oil, used ex- ternally as a protection against insects; taken internally it is reputed to be stomachic and laxative. xylocas'sia. Cassia-wood. xy'locinnamo'inum. Cinnamon-wood. xyloidin (zi-loy'din) [G. xylon, wood, + eidos, resemblance.] An explosive obtained by treat- ing starch with nitric acid. xylol (zi'lol). Xylene, dimethyl-benzene, a vola- tile liquid obtained from coal-tar, having physi- cal and chemical properties similar to those of benzol; it has been employed in warfare as a, lacrymator or tear gas.* xyloma (zi-lo'mah) [G. xylon, wood, -t- -oma.} A woody tree-tumor. xylonite (zi'lo-nlt) [G xylon, wood.] Celluloid. Xylo'pia. A genus of plants of the order Anonacea, the custard-apple family, the seeds of two species of which, X. glabra and X. salicifolia, yield an antiperiodic bitter. xy'lose [G. xylon, wood.] Wood sugar, a dextro- rotatory pentose obtained by boiling various wood gums with dilute acid. xylostein (zi-los'te-in). A bitter glucoside con- tained in the seeds of Lonicera xylosieum, a species of honeysuckle; it possesses emetic and purgative properties. xylostyp'tic e'ther. CoUodium stypticum. xylother'apy [G. xylon, wood, -I- therapeia, treat- ment.] A form of suggestive therapeutics consist- ing in the application of various woods to the body. xyol (zi'ol). Trade name of a soft soap preparation containing formaldehyde. xyrospasm (zi'ro-spazm) [G. xyron, razor.] Shav- ing cramp, keirospasm. xysma (ziz'mah) [G. filings, shavings.] Mem- branous shreds in the feces. xyster (zis'ter) [G. scraper.] A raspatory. xystus (zis'tus) [G. zystos, scraped.] Scraped lint, lint made by scraping linen with a sharp instru- ment. II24 YERSIN'S SERUM Y. Chemical symbol of yttrium. yaTjine. An alkaloid from andira,* or cabbage-tree bark. yad'kiii Mln'eral Springs, North Carolina. Chalyb- eate and sulphur waters. Two springs. yaghourt (yah-ghoorf) [Bulg.] Curdled milk prepared by a ferment, "maya," which contains a very active species of lactic-acid bacillus, B. bttlgaricus; it is a staple article of diet in BiUgaria and other parts of the Balkan peninsula. YakimofPs test (yah-ke'mof). On warming atoxyl in a test-tube, the slightest yellow discoloration indicates the presence of dangerous impurities. yam [African, myahme.] The edible root of a plant of the genus Dioscorea. wild y., colic root, rheumatism root, dioscorea.* y-angle. In craniometry the angle at the inion formed by lines drawn from the hormion and the lambda. yaourt. Yaghoiirt. yard [A.S. gyrd, rod.] A measure of three feet, about three inches less than a meter. jar'row[A.S gearwe.'] lliiltoil, Achillea* millefolium. yaw. An individual lesion of the eruption of yaws. moth'er y., a notably large tubercle in the yaws eruption. yaw'ey. Relating to or suffering from yaws. yawn [A.S. gdnian.] i. To gape. i. An involun- tary opening of the mouth, usually accompanied by a movement of respiration; it may be a sign of drowsiness or of vital depression, as after hem- orrhage, but is often caused by suggestion. yawn'ing. The act of producing a yawn ; pandicu- lation, chasma, gaping, oscitation. yaw-root. Stillingia. yaws [African, yaw, a raspberry.] Frambesia, plan, an infectious disease of the tropics, marked by febrile disturbances, rheumatic pains, and an eruption of aggregated rounded or flattened tubercles capped with a caseous crust ; the specific organism is believed to be Treponema pertenue '(SpiroclKBia pertenuis). guin'ea-com y., a form in which the lesions resemble grains of Indian com, or maize, ring'worm y., a circular disposi- tion of the eruption in yaws. Yb. The chemical synibol of ytterbium. Y-bacillus. A dysentery bacillus resembling, yet believed to be distinct from the Flexner bacillus. y-car'tilage. Hypsiloid cartilage, the cartilage uniting the three bones of the pelvis at the bottom of the cotyloid cavity in early life. yeast (yest or yest) [A. S. gyst.] A ferment con- sisting of a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisias or other species of S. The yeast fungus is a blastomycete some species of which are patho- genic; see blastomycosis, Saccharomyces , Torula. cul'tivated y., one of the forms of yeast pro- pagated by culture and used in bread-making, brewing, fermentation, etc. wild y., any of the uncultivated forms of yeasts, useless as ferments and sometimes pathogenic. yelk. Yolk. yell'ow [A.SL geolu.] A color, that of gold or butter, occupying a position in the spectrum between green and orange, an'illne y., an unsta- ble substance used as a base for more permanent dyes, chrome y., precipitated lead chromate, a fine yellow powder used in paints and dyes, egg y., yolk, vitellus.* Leipzig y., lemon y., chrome y. Man'chester y., Martins' y., naph'thalene y., a coal-tar dye. Paris y., chrome y. vis'ual y., xanthopsin. yell'ow. Having the color of butter or gold, flavescent, xanthic ; flavus, luteus ; in composition xantho-. y. at'rophy of the liver, see under liver y. body, corpus luteum. y. car'tilage, elastic car. tilage.* y. cerate, cera turn fiavum. y. cincho'na- cinchona flava. y. disease', xanthopathy; jaun- dice, y. fever, see yellow*- fever, y. jack, y. fever, y. lig'ament, ligamentum subflavum. y. lotion, lotio flava. y. precip'itate, hydrargyri oxidum flavum. y. root, hydrastis. y. skin, xantho- derma, y. spot, (i) mactila flava; (2) macula lutea. y. toothed, xanthodontous. y. vision, xanthopsia, y. wash, lotio flava. y. wax, cera flava. yell'ow-fe'ver. An acute infectious disease due to the action of a specific virus, probably a protozoon, transmitted by a mosquito of the genus Stego- myia; clinically it is marked by fever, with one remission, slow pulse, albuminuria, jaundice, congestion of the face, and hemorrhages, espe- cially hematemesis ; yellow jack, black vomit. Yell'owstone Ka'tional Park Springs, Wyoming, Calcic-alkaline-silicious-saline-sulphureted waters, containing carbonic acid. The temperatures of the various springs vary widely, some registering 199.8*' F. Upward of 2000 springs. Used by bathing in various disorders. Yellow Sulphur Springs, Virginia. Sulphated- * saltne-calcic waters, containing iron and carbonic acid, 55° F. Used by drinking and bathing in rheumatism, skin diseases, inflammations of the gastroenteric mucous membranes, diseases of women, convalescence, and general debility. Yem'en ul'cer [Yemen, a district in Arabia bordering on the Red Sea.] Oriental boil.* Ye'o's meth'od [Isaac Burney Yea, London physi- cian, 1836-1914.] A plan of treatment of obesity consisting substantially in the ingestion of large quantities of hot drinks and abstention from carbohydrates, fats being allowed in lim- ited quantities. yerba buena (yer'bah bwa'nah) [Sp. good herb.] Micromesia. yer'ba man'sa [Sp. gentle herb.] The rhizome of Houttuynia californica, a piperaceous tree of the west coast of North America and Asia ; employed as a tonic and antispasmodic in doses of n)ji5— 30 (i .0-2.0) of a fluidextract. yer'ba mat< (yer'bah mah'ta). Paraguay tea, mat^.* yer'ba san'ta [Sp. sacred herb.] Eriodictyon. yer'bine. An alkaloid from tnat£, resembling caffeine in its action. Yersin's se'rum (yer-zaii') [Alexandre Yersin, French army surgeon, bom in Switzerland, *i863.] An antitoxic protective and curative serum for plague; it is obtained by repeated intravenous injections of a virulent culture of the plague bacillus (first dead, later living and in increasing amount) into the horse; the animal is bled a ERSIN'S SERUM 1I2S YZQUIERDO'S BACILLUS fortnight after the final injection and the serum is prepared from the blood. 1 [G. hylS, stuff.] In chemistry a termination signifying that the substance is a radical. lene. In chemistry, a sufifix denoting a bivalent hydrocarbon radical. lig'ament. Ligamentum iliofemorale [BNA]. ihimbe, yohimbi (yo-him'ba, yo-him'be) [native African name.] The bark of Corynathe yo- himbi, an African tree supposed to possess aphrodisiac properties. 'himbine (yo-him'ben). An alkaloid, the active principle of yohimbi; employed hypodermically or by the mouth for impotence, in the form of the hydrochloride, in doses of gr. ^^"5 (o . 006-0 . oi 2). (ke (yok) [A. S. geoc] Jugum. y. bone, malar bone, OS* zygomaticum [BNA]. ilk [A.S. geolca; geolu, yellow.] Vitellus. )ung-Helm'lioltz the'ory of color blindness. [Thomas Young, English physicist, 1773-1829; Hermann Ludwig Helmholtz, German physicist, 1821-1894.] There are three sets of color-per-_ ceiving elements in the retina, for red, green, and' violet, respectively, the perception of the other colors arising from the combined stimulation of these elements. The loss of any one of these elements results in inability to perceive that primary color and a misperception of any other color of which it forms a part. Dung's natural Gas Well and Mineral Springs, California. Saline-alkaline-chalybeate-carbon- ated waters, 76° F. Used by drinking in affec- tions of the liver, bowels, and kidneys. Dung's rule [Thomas Young, English physician, physicist, and Egyptologist, 1 773-1829.] A rule to determine the dose of a medicine suitable for a child ; 1 2 is added to the child's age and the sum is divided by the age; the adult dose divided by the figure so obtained gives the proper dose for the child. Thus, for a child of 6 years: 6-1-12 = i8-h6=3; the adult dose divided by 3 is the proper dose for the child. youth'wort. Drosera. yp'siliform [G. hypsilon, the letter U or y, -1- L forma, form.] Hypsiloid. y-shaped lig'ament of Bigelow. Ligamentum ilio- femorale. ytterbium (I-ter'W-um) [from Ytterby, a place in Sweden.] A rare metallic element, symbol Yb, atomic weight 172. - yttrium (it'ri-um) [from Ytterby, a place in Sweden. A metallic element, symbol Y, atomic weight 89. Yuc'ca. A genus of plants of the order Libiacew, growing in Mexico and the Southwestern United States ; several of the species are called soaproot, their roots containing much mucilage and sapon- aceous matter; employed occasionally as a diuretic. Yvon's test (e-vawii') [Paul Ivon, French physician and chemist, 19th century.] A test for alkaloids : to the suspected solution is added «t mixture of bismuth subnitrate, potassium iodide, and hydro- chloric acid in water; a positive reaction is indicated by the appearance of a red color. Yzquierdo's bacillus (es-ke-er'do) [Vicente Izquierdo, histologist of Santiago, Chile, contemporary.] The supposed pathogenic cause of Cairidn's disease. ZAGLAS' LIGAMENT 1126 ZESTOCAUTERY Zaglas' Ug'ament (zS-glah'). A short thick fibrous band extending across the sacroiliac joint from the posterior superior spine of the ilium to the second transverse tubercle of the sacrum. Zambesi ulcer (zam-be'sl ul'sur). An ulcer, usually single, about the size of a two-shilling piece, or a half-dollar, seated on the foot or leg, occurring in laborers in the Zambesi Delta; it has a sloughing surface, but does not spread and produces no constitutional symptoms or glandular enlargement; it is associated with the presence of a spirillum and a large fusiform bacillus; one attack seems to confer a partial immunity. zanal'oin. Aloin obtained from Zanzibar aloes, the same as that from Socotrine aloes. Zan'der's sys'tem [Jonas Gustaf Willem Zander, Swedish physician, *i835.] Treatment by means of mechanical apparatus giving passive move- ments. Zang's space (tsahng) [Christoph Bonifacius Zang, German surgeon, 1772-1835.] Fossa supracla- vicularis minor. Zappert's counting cell (tsahp'ert) [Julius Zappert, Viennese physician, *i867.] A counting chamber for blood estimation, practically the same as Thoma's cell. Zappert's Ruled Slidb fok Blood-cell Counting. Zaufal's sign (tsow'fahl) [Emanuel Zaufal, rhinolo- gist of Prague, 1837-1910.] Saddlenose. ze'a [G. a coarse fodder grain.] (N.F.) corn-silk stigmata maydis, the styles and stigmas of Zea mays, maize or Indian com ; diiiretic and anti- spasmodic in subacute and chronic affections of the urinary tract in doses of 3 2 (60 .0) of an in- fusion of 2 ounces to the pint (60 :48o), or of 3i (4 . o) of the N.F. fluidextract. ze'an. Trade name of a fluidextract of zea, recom- mended as a diuretic in doses of iii!i5-3o (i.o- 3.0) zedoaria (zed-o-a'ri-ah). (N.F.) Zedoary, the dried rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria, the long zedoary, of East India; aromatic and carmina- , tive in dose of gr. 15 (i .0); the round zedoary (C. aromatica) is also employed for the same pur- poses. ' Zeisel's test (tsi'zel). For colchicine: the substance is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, boiled with chloride of iron, and then shaken with chloro- form: the presence of colchicine is shown by a dark red or brown precipitate. ze'ism [zea, maize.1 Pellagra, on the assumption that it is due to eating maize. Zeiss's gland (tsis) . One of a number of sebaceous glands opening into the follicles of the eye- lashes. Zeissel's lay'er(tsi'sel). A homogeneous layer in the wall of the stomach between the muscularis mucosae and the submucosa. ze'ist [zea, maize.] An adherent of the theory that pellagra is due to the ingestion of Indian com. Zeller's test (tsel'er) [M. Zeller, German physician, contemporary.] The addition of bromine water to turine containing melanin causes a yellow pre- cipitate which gradually becomes black. zelotypia (ze-lo-tip'i-ah) [G. zelotypia; zelos, zeal, + type, a blow,] Excessive zeal, carried to the verge of insanity, in the advocacy of any cause. zem'atol. Trade name of an ointment said to con- tain oil of betula, ichthyol, and zinc oxide, recom- mended in eczema. Zem Zem Springs, California. The waters contain sulphur, iron, and magnesia, 64° P. Used by drinking in rheumatism, dyspepsia, and affections of the liver and kidneys. Zenker's degenera'tion (tseng'ker) [Friedrich Albert Zenker, German pathologist, 1825— 1898.] Hya- line degeneration of muscular tissue, the fibers losing their striations and becoming sinuous, and later undergoing fragmentation and absorption. Z.'s leiomyo'ma, malignant myoma with smooth fibers. Z.'s myomala'cia cor'dis, softening of the heart muscle. Z.'s paral'ysis, paresthesia and paralysis in the area of the external popliteal nerve. Z.'s solu'tion, a fixative, consisting of corrosive sublimate 5, potassium bichromate 2 . 5, sodium sulphate i, water 100. Zeno'ni test. Sputum is treated with alcohol and then stained with a weak aqueous solution of safranin, the albumin appearing red, and the mucin yellow. ze'oEcope [G. zed, I boil, -t- shaped, I examine.] A device for determining the alcoholic content of a liquid by ascertaining its exact boiling point. ze'ro [Sp. ; Ar. sifr, cipher.] The figure o, indicating nothingness. In thermometry, the point from which the figures on the scale start in one or the other direction; in the Centigrade and Rfeumur scales zero indicates the freezing point for dis- tilled water; in the Fahrenheit scale it indicates the degree of cold obtained by mixing ice and salt and is 3 2 ° below the freezing point, ab'solute z., the point of the assumed greatest possible cold, or absence of all heat; it is — 273 . 7° C. zerum'bet. The rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet, a plant of Java, resembling ginger. zestocausis (zes-to-kaw'sis) [G. zestos, boiling hot, + kausis, a burning.] Cauterization by means of hot steam. zestocautery (zes-to-kaw'ter-I). An appliance for zestocausis. ZIEGLER'S OPERATION 1127 ZIRCONIUM Ziegler's operation [S. Louis ZiegUr, Philadelphia ophthalmologist, *i86i.] A V-shaped iridotomy tor the formation of an artificial pupil. Ziehen test (tse'hen) [Georg Theodor Ziehen, trerman psychiatrist, *i862.] For mental disease; the patient is asked to explain the dif- ference between certain contrasted objects, such as water and ice, child and dwarf, horse and ox, etc. Ziehen-Oppenhelm disease' (tse'hem-ep'en-him) [Georg Theodor Ziehen; H. Oppenheim, German neurologist, *i858.] Dystonia musculorum _ deformans. Ziehl's solu'tiou (tsel) [Franz Ziehl, German bac- teriologist, *I8S7.1 Fuchsin i, absolute alcohol 10, 5 per cent, phenol solution 100; used as a stain for the tubercle bacillus; carbolic fuchsin, carbol-fuchsin. Ziehl-Neelsen method (tsel-nal'sen) [Franz Ziehl; Friedrich Carl Adolph Neelsen, German patholo- gist, 1854-1894.] Staining tubercle bacilli in Ziehl's* solution. Ziemssen's artifl'cial' respira'tion (tsem'sen) [Hugo von Ziemssen, Munich physician, 1829-1902.] Faradic stimulation of the phrenic nerves. Z.'s mo'tor points, points on the surface corresponding to the entrance of the nerves into the underlying muscles ; the electrodes are best applied at these points. zimb. A gadfly, Pangonia brucei or P. beckeri, of Somaliland and Abyssinia; it bites man severely and is suspected of transmitting disease. Zimmerlin's tyye (tsim'mer-lin) [Franz Zimmerlin, •Swiss physician, 19th century.] A variety of hereditary progressive muscular atrophy in which the atrophy begins in the upper half of the body. Zimmennann's decoc'tion (tsim'er-mahn). A decoction of rhubarb gr. 30 (2.0), potassium bitartrate 54 (16.0), barley 34 (16 -o), in water 5i6 (500.0). Zimmermann's arch (tsim'er-mahn) [Karl Wilhelm Zimmermann, German histologist, *iS6i.] A non-existent aortic arch in the embryo, supposed ■ to have been originally present and aborted, indicated by occasional irregular vessels between the fourth and fifth arches. Z.'s cor'puscle, gran'ule, or elemen'taiy par'ticle, Hayem's hematoblast, platelet.* zim'phen [Ger. zimmt, cinnamon.] Sodium meta- oxycyanocinnamate, recommended as a gastro- enteric stimulant and tonic in doses of gr. 8 (o . 5). zinc [Ger. zt»ife.] A metallic element, symbol Zn, atomic weight 65.37, bluish white in color, malle- able and ductile. A number of salts of zinc are used in medicine. Crude commercial zinc is called spelter. For the official salts of zinc, see under zincum. z. caustic, a mixture of zinc chloride, i, and flour, 3. z. coHc, cohc resulting from chronic zinc poisoning, z. ointment, unguen- tum* zinci oxidi. z. white, zinc oxide used in paint as a substitute for white lead. zin'ci. Genitive of zincum.* zincoid (zing'koyd) [G. eidos, resemblance.] Relat- ing to or resembling zinc; noting the negative plate, of platinum or other substance, in a voltaic battery, so called because it acts like the zinc plate for which it is substituted. zin'cum, gen. zinci (U.S.). Zinc, zinci ace'tas (U.S., Br.), zinc acetate Zn(CjH,Oj)s -f- 2H2O ; local astringent used in conjunctivitis and gonorrhea in solutions of gr. i or 2 (0.06-0. 13) to the ounce (30.0). zinci bro'midum, zinc bromide, ZnBra, a white granular powder, formerly recommended in the treatment of epilepsy in doses of gr. 1—2 (0.06-0.13).' zinci carbo'nas (Br.), zinci carbo'- nas prsecipita'tus (U.S.), precipitated zinc car- bonate, hydrated zinc carbonate; employed as a dusting powder, and in ointment as a mildly astringent protective, zinci chlo'ridum (U.S., Br.), zinc chloride ZnCh, a white powder or opaque crystalline rods or plates; employed as a, caustic for the removal of cutaneous cancers, nevi, etc., and in weak solution in the treatment of gonorrhea and conjunctivitis, zinci io'didum, zinc iodide, Zniz, a white crystalline powder, without odor but with an acrid saline taste, has been employed in chorea in doses of gr. J— 2 (0 . 03-0 . 13), and externally in solution in gon- orrhea, zinci oleoste'aras, zinc oleostearate, a. fine white powder of nearly equal parts of zinc oleate and zinc stearate; used as a dusting pow- der, zinci oz'idum (U.S., Br.), zinc oxide, ZnO, a white or yellowish white soft powder, em- ployed as -a, protective in ointment and as a dusting powder, and internally as an antispas- modic in doses of gr. 1-2 (0.06-0.13). zinci phenolsul'phonas (U.S.), zinc phenolsulphonate, zinci sulphocarbolas (Br.), colorless prismatic or tubular crystals of astringent metallic taste; employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of gr. 1—4 (0.06-0.26), and locally as an astringent in chronic infiammation of the mucous membranes. zinci ste'aras (U.S.), zinc stearate, a white taste- less powder of a faintly fatty odor; employed in the treatment of eczema, acne, and other skin diseases, zinci sulphan'ilas, nizin, has been used in 1—500 or 1—250 solution as an injection for gonorrhea, zinci sul'phas (U.S., Br.) , zinc sulphate, ZnSOj -I- 7HjO, occurs in the form of prismatic crystals; employed as a local astringent in solu- tion in the treatment of gonorrhea, indolent ulcers, and various skin diseases; and internally as an emetic in doses of gr. 10—30 (0.6-2.0). zinci sulphocar'bolas (Br.), zinc sulphocarbolate, zinci phenolsulphonas (U.S.). zinci val'eras (U.S.), zinci valeria'nas (Br.), zinc valerate or valerianate, occurs in the form of white pearly scales with a slight odor of valerian and a sweetish metallic taste, soluble in 50 parts of water; employed as an antispasmodic in doses of gr. 1—5 (0.06—0.3) zin'giber, gen. zingib'eris [L. from G. zingiberis] (U.S., Br.) Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber offici- nale, a reedy plant growing in tropical countries ; internally employed as a carminative in doses of gr. 10-30 (0.06-2.0) and externally as a rube- facient. Zinn's ar'toiy (tsin) [Johann Gottfried Zinn, German anatomist, 1727— 1759.] Arteria centralis retinse. Z.'s lig'&ment, annulus tendineus communis [BNA], a mass of connective tissue surrounding the optic nerve; giving attachment to the tendons of the rectus muscles of the eyeball. Z.'s mem'- brane, the anterior layer of the iris. Z.'s ring, Z.'s ligament. Z.'s ten'don, Z.'s ligament. Z.'s vas'cular cir'cle or ring, Haller's circle (i), a plexus of arteries in the sclera surrounding the optic nerve. Z.'s zon'ula, zonula circularis [BNA]. zi'nol. Trade name of a mixture of zinc acetate and aluminum-naphthol-disulphonate ; recom- mended in the local treatment of gonorrhea. zirco'nium. A metallic element, symbol Zr, atomic weight 90.6; it is widely distributed in nature, l3Ut never foimd in quantity in any one place; in its properties it resembles somewhat silicon and titanium. > ZITTMANN'S DECOCTION 1128 ZONIFUGAL Zitt'maiin's decoc'tion (tsit'mahn) [Johann Fried- rich Zittmann, German military stirgeon, 1671- 17 57-] ^- Decoctum Zittmanni fortius (stronger decoction), a decoction of sarsaparilla 200, senna 50, licorice root 20, potash alum 10, calomel 8, and cinnabar 2, in water 5000. 2. Decoctum Zittmanni mitius (milder decoction), a decoction of sarsaparilla 100, lemon peel, cardamon, licorice root, and cassia bark each 6, in water 5000. The stronger decoction contains about gr. j^j (o.ooi) mercury in a quart (i liter). Dose of either de- coction, 5 3-6 (90.0-180.0). Zn, Chemical symbol of zinc. ZnBr,. Zinc bromide. Zn(C2H,02)2. Zinc acetate. ZnCl2. Zinc chloride. Znl^. Zinc iodide. ZnO. Zinc oxide. ZnSO,. Zinc sulphate, white vitriol. zoam'ylin [G. zoe, life, + amylon, starch.] Glycogen. zoanthrop'ic. Relating to or marked by zoan- thropy. zoanthropy (zo-an'thro-pi) [G. zoon, animal, -|- anthropos, man.] An insane delusion that one is a horse or a dog or any other of the lower animals. zodiophilous (zo-di-of'i-lus) [G. zodion, dim. of ZOOM, animal, -I- philos, fond.] In botany, not- ing a flower pollinated by the agency of animals. Zoellner's fig'ures (tsel'ner) [Friedrich Zoellner, German physicist, 1834-1882.] Various figures devised to show the possibility of optical delusions ; a common one consists of two parallel lines which are met by numerous short lines obliquely placed, the parallel lines then seeming to converge or diverge. / / / / / / / / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ////////////// Zoellner's Lines. zoetic (zo-et'ik) [G. zoe, life.] Relating to lite. zoiatria (zo-e-at'ri-ah) [G. zoon, animal, + iaireia, healing.] Veterinary medicine, zoiatrics. zoiatrics (zo-e-at'riks) [G. zoon, animal, + iatrike, medicine, surgery.] Veterinary medicine or surgery, zoiatria. zo'ic [G. zoikos, relating to an animal.] Relating to living things ; having life. zo'mol [G. zomos, broth.] Trade name of a prepara- tion of meat juice. zomother'apy [G. zomos, broth, -I- tkerapeia, heal^ ing.] Treatment of disease by means of raw or rare meat or meat-juice. zo'na, pi. zorne [L. girdle.] i. A zone; any encir- cling or belt-like structure. 2. Herpes zoster. z. arcua'ta, arcuate zone, the inner portion of the membrana basilaris of the cochlea, underlying the organ of Corti. i. cartilagin'ea, crista spiralis. z. cilia'ris, the ring of the ciliary processes, z. cor'nu commissura'lis the ventral field of the posterior column of the spinal cord containing the endogenic fibers, z. denticula'ta, the row of processes above the crista spiralis of the cochlea. z. dermat'ica, a ridge of thickened skin sur- rounding the protrusion in spina bifida. ' z. epithe"liosero'sa, the membranous ring, within the z. dermatica, surrounding the protrusion in spina bifida. ^. fascicula'ta, the layer of elon- gated spaces in the cortical portion of the supra- renal gland, between the z. glomerulosa and z. reticularis, z. gangliona'ris, the ganglionic masses on the cochlear divisions of the auditory nerve, z. glomerulo'sa, the outer layer of the cortex of the suprarenal gland just beneath the capsule, z. granulo'sa, discus proligerus. z. ig'nea, zona (2). z. medull''ovasculo'Ba, the fissured segment of the spinal cord which closes dorsally the sac in myelomeningocele, z. membrana'cea, membrana basilaris. z. oph- thal'mica, herpes zoster in the distribution of the ophthalmic nerve, z. orbicula'ris [BNA], orbicular zone, zonular band or ring ligament; circular fibers of the capsular ligament of the hip-joint, z. pectina'ta, pectinate zone, the outer part of the mernbrana basilaris of the cochlea, z. pellu'cida, clear zone, z. striata, z. radiata, oolemma; a tough, refractile, clear mem- brane enveloping the ovum; it has a striated appearance owing to the numerous fine canals with which it is pierced; it is derived from the cells of the Graafian follicle, i. perfora'ta, the inner portion of the membrana basilaris. z. radia'ta, the faintly striated investment of the oocyte; z. pellucida. z. reticula'ris, the inner layer of the cortex of the suprarenal gland, i. septomargina'lis, the median peripheral field of the posterior column of the spinal cord,_ con- taining the endogenic fibers, z. serpigino'sa, zona (2). z. spongio'sa, caput gelatinosum Rolandi, the V-shaped tip of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. z. stria'ta, striated zone, z. pellucida. z. tecta, z. arcuata. z. tendino'sa, annulus fibrosus [BNA]. z. transfoi'mans, the connective-tissue layer of the intestinal wall just beneath the muscularis mucosae, wh^e normally the microorganisms penetrating from the lumen of the intestine are destroyed, z. vasculo'sa, vascular zone, an area in the external auditory meatus where a number of minute blood-vessels enter from the mastoid bone; spongy spot. z. volat'ica, zona (2). zonsesthe'sia. Zonesthesia. zo'nal. Relating to a zone. zo'nary. Relating to or having the form of a zone or belt. z. placen'ta, a placenta formed of chorionic villi arranged in the form of a zone or band. zo'nate. Zoned, ringed, having concentric layers of differing texture or pigmentation. zone. Zona(i). For the various zones in anatomy, see under zona, latent /.., that portion of the cerebral cortex a lesion of which produces no motor symptoms, language z., a large area of the cerebral cortex on the left side (in right-handed persons) embracing all the centers of memories and associations connected with language; see word center* motor z., that portion of the cerebral cortex a lesion of which produces spasm or paralysis, i. of alarm', Chauvet's term for the apical area of the lung in which signs of tuberculosis appear early. zonesthesia, zoncesthesia (zon-es-the'zl-ah) [G. zone, girdle, + aisthesis, sensation.] Girdle- sensation, strangalesthesia; a sensation as if a cord were drawn around the body, constricting it. Zonian Springs, Illinois. Light alkaline-calcic waters containing carbonic acid. Three or four springs. Used by drinking in affections of the stomach, liver, and kidneys. zonifugal (zo-nif'u-gal) [L. zona, zone, + fugere, to flee.] Passing from within any region outward; as in mapping out an area of disturbed sen- sation, when the stimulus is first applied to the affected region and is carried along into the part where sensation is normal. ZONIPETAL Ii2g ZOOPSIA zonipetal (zo-nip'e-tal) p.. zona, zone, + petere, to seek.] Passing from without toward and into any region; as in mapping out an area of disturbed sensation, when the stimulus begins in the normal part and is carried into the afEected region. zon'ula [L. dim. of zona, zone.] A zone, especially a small zone. z. ciUa'ris [BNA], ciliary zonule, zonule of Zinn, suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens; a fine transparent membrane composed of meridional fibers arising from the inner surface of the orbiculus ciliaris; these run in bundles between, and in a very thin layer over, the ciliary processes; at the inner border of the corona the membrane splits into two folds attached to the capsule on the anterior and poste- rior surfaces of the crystalline lens close to the equator; the spaces between these two layers of fibers is filled with aqueous humor, they are known as spatia zonularia, or the canal of Petit. zon'ular. Relating to a zonula, z. cat'aract, see cataract, i., fibers, fibrse zonulares, the inter- lacing fibers of the zonula ciUaris. z. spaces, spatia zonularia [BNA], the spaces between the fibers of the suspensory ligament of the lens, forming the canal of Petit. zon'ule. Zonula. zonulitis (zon-u-U'(le')tis) [L. 'zonula + G. -itis.'\ In fl a mm ation of the zonule of Zinn, or suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens of the eye. zoobiology (zo"o-bi-oro-jJ) [G. soon, animal, + hios, life, + -logia.l Biology. zoobiotism (zo-o-bi'ot-izm) [G. zoon, animal, -J- hios, life.] Biotics. zooblast (zo'-o-blast) [G. zoon, animal, + blastos, germ.] An animal cell. zoochemical (zo-o-keml-kal). Relating to zoo- chemistry. zoochemistiy (zo-o-kem'is-trT) [G. zoon, animal.] Animal chemistry, the chemistry of the animal tissues and of the vital processes. zoocyst (zo'o-sist) [G. zoon, animal, + kystis, blad- der.] A sporocyst, a protozoan cyst. zoodermic (zo-o-dur'mik) [G. zoon, animal, + derma, skin.] Relating to the skin of an animal, noting the method of skin-grafts in which the grafts are taken from the skin of an animal, dermatozooplasty. zoodynamic (zo-o-di-nam'ik). , Relating to zoo- dynamics. zoodynamics (zo-o-di-nam'iks) [G. zoon, animal, -I- dynatnikos; dynamis, force.] Animal physi- ology- zooerastia (zo"o-er-as'tI-ah) [G. zoon, anunal, + erastes, lover.] Sexual connection with an ani- mal. zoogenesis (zo-o-jen'e-sis) [G. zoon, ■ animal, + genesis, origin.] The doctrine of animal produc- tion or generation, zoogeny, zoogony. zoogenic (zo-o-jen'ik). Relating to zoogenesis. zoogenous (zo-oj'en-us) [G. zoon, animal, + gennao, I produce.] i. Relating to zoogenesis. - ^' animal origin. zoogeny (zo-oj'en-I). Zoogenesis. zoogeography (zo-o-je-og'ra-fl) [G. zoon, animal, + ge earth, -I- graphs, description.] The geography of animals, the study of the distribution of animals on the earth 's surface. zooglea, zoogloea (zo-6-gle'ah) [G. zoon, animal, -I- gloia, glue.] An aggregation or colony of bacteria enclosed in a glue-like mass, a stage m the development of certain microorganisms. zoogleic, zoogloeic (zo-6-gle'ik). Relating to or occurring in the form of a zooglea mass. Of zoog'onous (zo-og'on-us). Giving birth to living animals, viviparous. zoogony (zo-og'o-nl) [G. zoon, animal, -I- gone, gen- eration.] Zoogenesis. zoograft (zo'o-graft) [G. zoon, an animal.] A graft of tissue from one of the lower animals. zoografting (zo-o-graf'ting). Zooplasty. zoography (zo-og'ra-fl) [G. zoon, animal, + graphs, description.] A description of or treatise on animals. zooid (zo'oyd) [G. zoon, animal, + eidos, resem- blance.] i. Resembling an animal. 2. A uni- cellular organism of indefinite classification, a zoophyte. 3. An animal cell capable of inde- pendent existence or movement, as the ovum or a spermatozoon. 4. A term sometimes applied to hemoglobin because of its assumed vital properties. zoolak (zoo'lak). Trade name of a preparation of coagulated milk. zoolite, zoolith (zo'o-lit, zo-o-Iith) [G. zoon, animal, H- lithos, stone.] A petrified animal. zoology (zo-ol'o-jl) [G. zoon, animal, + -logia.] The science which deals with animals in all their relations. Zoomastigophora (zo"o-mas-tl-gof'o-rah) [G. zoon, animal, + mastix(?nastig-), whip, + phoros, a bearer.] A class of Mastigophora embracing the forms with evident animal characteristics. zoonite (zo'on-it). A cerebrospinal segment or metamere. zoonomy (zo-on'o-ml) [G. zoon, animal, + nomos, law.] Animal physiology, the science dealing with the laws of the vital functions in animals. zoonosis (zo-6-no'sis) [G. zoon, animal, + nosos, disease.] Any disease in man acquired from one of the lower animals ; rabies is an example. zoonotic (zo-on-ot'ik). Relating to, or of the nature of a zoonosis. zooparasite (zo-o-par'a-sit) [G. zoon, animal.] An animal parasite, an animal existing as a parasite.' zoopathology (zo-o-p3.-thol'o-jl) [G. zoon, animal, + pathos, suffering, + -logia.] The pathology of the lower animals, veterinary pathology. zoopeiral (zo-op'i-al). Relating -to zoopery. zoopeiry (zo-op'i-ri) [G. zoon, animal, -t- peira, a trial.] Animal experimentation. zoophagous (zo-of'a-gus) [G. zoon, animal, + phagd, I eat.] Subsisting on animal food, carnivorous. zoophile (zo'o-fil) [G. zoon, animal, -I- philos, fond.] I. A lover of animals; especially one more fond of animals than of his own kind, one opposed to any animal experimentation, an antivivisection- ist. >!. Fond of animals, especially unduly fond of them. zoophilia (zo-o-fin-ah). Zoophilism. zoophilism (zo-of'il-izm). Fondness for animals, especially an extravagant fondness for them; antivivisectionism. erot'ic z., the deriving of sexual pleasure by patting or stroking animals. zooph'ilist. Zoophile (i). zoophobia (zo-o-fo'bl-ah) [G. z5on, animal, + phobos, fear.] An unreasoning fear of .animals. zoophyte (zo'o-fit) [G. zoon, animal, 4- phyton, plant.] A plant-like animal ; a colony of animals resembling a plant, as the coral ; phytozoan. zooplasty (zo'o-plas-tl) [G. zoon, animal, -I- plastos, formed.] Zoografting, the grafting of skin or other tissue taken from one of the lower animals. zooprecipitin (zo-o-pre-sip'K-tin) [G. zoon, animal.] A precipitin obtained by repeated injection of an animal protein. zoopsia (zo-op'sl-ah) [G. zoon, animal, + opsis, vision.] A delusion of seeing animals. ZOOPSYCHOLOGY 1 130 ZYMAD zoopsychology (zo-o-si-kol'o-jl) [G. zoon, animal, + psyche, mind, + -logia.l Animal psychology, the study of the mental processes or instincts of the lower animals. zooscopy (zo-os'ko-pl) [G. zoon, animal, + skoped, I view.] Zoopsia. zoosis (zo-o'sis) [G. zoon, animal.] i. A disease caused by an animal parasite, -j. Zoonosis. zoosmosis (zo-oz-mo'sis) [G. zoos, living.] The proc- ess of osmosis in living tissues. zoosperm, zoospermium (zo'o-spurm, zo-o-spur'ml- um) [G. zoon, animal, + sperma, seed.] A sper- matozoon. zoospoTe (zo'o-sp5r) [G. zoon, animal, + sporos, seed.] Any spore having independent motion; a swarm-spore. zootherapy (zo-o-ther'S-pI) [G. zoon, animal, + therapeia, treatment.] Veterinarj* therapeutics. zootomist (zo-ot'o-mist). A comparative aiiato- mist. zootomy (zo-ot'o-mi) [G. zoon, animal, -H tome, a cutting.] I. Comparative anatomy. 2. Dis- section of one of the lower animals. zootox'in (zo-o-toks'in) [G. zoon, animal.] A sub- stance, resembling the bacterial toxins in its anti- genic properties, found in the fluids of certain animals ; snake- venom, the secretions of poisonous insects, and eel-blood contain zootoxins. zootrophic (zo-o-trof'ik) [G. zoon, animal, 4- trophe, nourishment.] Relating to or serving for the nutrition of the lower animals. zos'ter [G. zoster, a girdle.] Herpes zoster, zona. zoster'iform. Zosteroid. zos'teroid [G. eidos, resemblance.] Resembling herpes poster, zosteriform. Zr. Chemical symbol of zirconium. Zuckerkandl's convolu'tion (tsoo'ker - kahn - dl) [Emil Zuckerkandl, German anatomist, 1849- 1910.] Gyrus subcallosus. Z.'s gland, a little yellow hemispherical mass, the size of a hemp- seed, sometimes found between the two genio- hyoid muscles, believed to be an accessory thyroid gland. Z.'s tu'bercle, nasal tonsil. Z.'s vein, a communicating branch between the nasal and the cerebral veins. zu'moid. Zymoid. Zur Nedden. See Nedden. zy'gal. Relating to or shaped like a zygon or yoke ; H-shaped. z. fissure, a figure formed by two nearly parallel cerebral fissures connected by a short fissure at right an,gles, forming an H. zygapophyseal (zi-gap-o-fiz'e-al). Relating to a zygaphophysis or articular process of a vertebra. zygapophysis (zi-gi-pofl-sis) [G. zygon, yoke, -f- apophysif, offshoot.] An articular process of a vertebra, processus. articularis [BNA]. zygion (zij'I-on) [G. zygon, yoke.] The point on the zygoma on either side, at the extremity of the zygomatic diameter. zygocyte (zi'go-sit) [G. zygosis, a joining, + kytos, cell.] Zygote. zygolabia'lis. The caput zygomaticum of the musculuS quadra tus labii superioris [BNA], or musculus* zygomaticus minor. zygo'ma [G. cheekbone.] i. Arcus zygomaticus [BNA], a strong bar of bone bridging over the temporal fossa, formed by the union of the zygomatic processes of the temporal and malar bones. s. The malar bone, jugal bone, os zygomaticum [BNA]. zygomat'lc. Relating to the zygoma, z. apoph'y- bIs, processus zygomaticus [BNA]. z. arch, zygoma (i),* arcus zygomaticus [BNA]. z. bone, malar bone, jugal bone, os* zygomaticum [BNA]. /,. crest, the portion of the great wing of the sphenoid bone which articulates with the zygo- matic bone, margo zygomaticus [BNA]. z. diam'eter, the extreme breadth of the skull at the zygomatic arches, z. foramen, (i) foramen zygomaticofaciale [BNA]; (2) foramen zygomati- cotemporale [BNA].- z. fossa, fossa infratempo- ralis [BNA]. z. muscle, see under musculus. z. suture, sutura zygomaticotemporalis [BNA]. z. tu'bercle, eminentia articularis, tuberculum* articulare [BNA]. zygomaf'icoauric'ular. Relating to the zygoma and the auricle, noting a muscle, musculus* auricularis anterior [BNA], and a craniometrical index.* zygomaf'icoauricula'ris. Musculus auricularis anterior [BNA]. zygomaticofa'cial. Relating to the zygoma and the face, noting a foramen. zygomaticofron'tal. Relating to the zygoma and the frontal bones, noting a suture. zygomaticomax'illary. Relating to the zygoma and the maxilla, noting a suture. zygomat'ico-or'bital. Relating to the zygoma and the orbit, noting an artery and a foramen. zygomaf'icosphe'noid. Relating to the zygoma and the sphenoid bone, noting a fissure between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the zygo- matic bone. zygomaf'icotem'poral. Relating to the zygoma and the temporal bone, noting a foramen and a suture. zygomat'icus. See under musculus. zygomatoauricularis (zi-go"ma-to-aw-rik-u-lar'is) . Musculus auricularis anterior. zy"gomaxilla're. The zygomaxillary point, a crani- ometrical point at the inferior extremity of the zygomaticotemporal suture. zygomax'illaiy. Relating to the zygoma and the maxilla, noting a suture and a craniometrical point, the zygomaxillare. zygomycetes (zi"-go-mi-se'tez). A group of hypho- mycetes, or mould fungi. zygon [G. crossbar.] The short crossbar connecting the branches of a zygal* fissure. zygoneure (zi'go-niir) [G. zygon, yoke, -f- neuron, nerue.] A neuron seemingly connecting other nerve-ceUs. zygo'sis [G. a joining.] True conjugation or sexual union of two xmicellular organisms, consisting essentially in the fusion of the nuclei of the two cells. zygosperm (zi'go-spurm) [G. zygosis, a joining, + sperma, seed.] A spore formed by the con- jugation of two other spores, zygospore. zy'gospore [G. zygosis, a joining, -I- sporos, seed.] Zygospernj. zygote (zi'got) [G zygotos, yoked.] The individual produced by the fusion of two cells in true conju- gation or zygosis; the fertilized macrogamete; a. zoosperm. du'plez z., one resulting from the union of the germ cells each with a determinant. null'iplez z., one resulting from the union of germ cells neither of which has a determinant. sim'plez z., one resulting from the union of the germ cells only one of which has a determinant. zygo'toblast [G. sygdtos, yoked, + blasios, germ.] Sporozoite. zygotomere (zi-go'tp-mer) [G. zygotos, yoked, -|- meros, part.] Sporoblast. zy'lonite. Xylonite, celluloid.* zy'mad [G. zyme, leaven, with termination formed after the analogy of monad.] The contagium vivum of a zymotic or infectious disease. ZYMASE 1131 ZYMURGY zymase (zi'mas) [G. eyme, leaven, + -ase.] An enzyme. zyma'sis. The extraction by pressure of the fer- menting principle of yeast. zyme (zim) [G. zyme.] 1. A ferment. 2. Conta- giiim* vivum of an infectious disease. zy'mic. I. Jlelating to a ferment, a. Noting an anaerobic microorganism. zy^min. i. A ferment. 2. Pancreatin. zy'mocide [G. zyme, leaven, + L. asdere, to kill.] A proprietary liquid antiseptic, said to contain golden seal, calendula, witch hazel, boric acid, sodium thymolate, menthol, zinc sulphocarbolate, oU of eucalyptus, and oil of wintergreen. zy'mogen [G. zyme, leaven, + gennao, I produce.] I. A substance in a digestive gland which is convertible into an enzyme; proferment. 2. A microorganism which causes fermentation. zymogeu'ic. Relating to a zymogen; causing fer- mentation. zymogenous (zi-moj'en-us). Zymogenic. zymohydrol'ysis [G. zyme, leaven, + hydor{hydr-), water, + lysis, a. loosening.] Hydrolysis or cleavage of any compound under the influence of a ferment; z3rmolysis, zymosis (i). zy'moid [G. zyme, leaven, + eidos, resemblance.] Resembling a ferment or enzyme. zy'moidin. Trade name of a mixture of various Substances — aluminum, bismuth, and zinc oxides, phenol, salicylic acid, etc. — recommended as an antiseptic dusting powder. zymol'ogist. One who is versed in the science of fermentation, or zymology. zymorogy [G. zyme, leaven, + -logia.l The branch of chemistry which deals with fermentation. zymol'ysis [G. zyme, leaven, + lysis, solution.] Fermentation, zymosis (i). zymolyt'ic. i. Fermentative, a. Zymotic (2). zymo'ma, zy'mome [G. zymoma.l i. A ferment. ^. Microzyme, a pathogenic microorganism. zymom'eter [G. zyme, leaven, + metron, measure.] An instrument for estimating the degree of fer- mentation. Zymonema (zi-mo-ne'mah) [G. zymoo, I cause to ferment, + nema, a thread.] A genus of fungi usually called Cryptococcus, or Blastomyces. zymonematosis (zi-mo-ne-mS-to'sis) . Blastomy- cosis. zy'mophore [G. zyme, leaven, + pharos, bearer.] Noting the atomic group of a receptor* of the second order which carries the digestive principle. zymophor'ic, zymoph'orous. Zymophore. zymophyte (zi'mo-fit) [G zyme, leaVen, + phyton, plant.] A fermentation-exciting vegetable micro- organism. zymoplas'tic [G. zyme, leaven, -f- plasso, I form.] Producing a ferment. zymose (zi'moz). Invertin, a ferment changing a disaccharid, such as cane-sugar, into a, mono- saccharid, invert-sugar. zymosim'eter, zymosiom'eter [G. zymosis, fermenta- tion, -I- metron, measure.] Zymometer. zymo'sis [G.] i. Fermentation, zymolysis. a. The infective process. 3. An infectious disease, i.. gas'tiica, organacidia. zymosthen'ic (zi-mos-then'ik) [G. zym^, leaven, -)- sthenos, strength. Increasing the fimctional activity and power of an enzyme. zymotechny (zi-mo-tek'ni) [G. zyme, leaven, + techne, art.] Any technique in which a process of fermentation is involved; zymurgy. zjrmot'ic. i. Relating to fermentation. 2. Noting an infectious disease, z. disease, zymosis (3). z. doctrine, the doctrine that an infectious disease is in its nature essentially a fermentative process. z. papillo'ma, yaws. z. prin'ciple, the contagium of an infectious disease, z. the'oiy, z. doctrine. zy'motoid [G. zyme, leaven, + eidos, resemblance.] Trade name of a preparation, said to contain boric acid, sulphur, potassium nitrate, and other substances, reconmaended for internal and exter- nal use in various diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. zymotox'ic group. The active atom-complex of a complement, analogous to the toxophore group of a toxin, zymurgy (zi'mur-jl) [G. zyme, leaven, + ergon, work.] The branch of chemistry which deale with fermentation as applied to the manufacturs of alcoholic beverages. APPENDIX APPENDIX. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. There are, unfortunately, several systems of weights and measures in use among the English speaking peoples — the metric, the avoirdupois, the troy, and the apothecaries' weights, and the Im- perial and the United States measures of quantity, in addition to the common British and American linear, square, and cubic measures. The metric system is universally employed by laboratory workers throughout the world 'and its use com- mercially and in pharmacy is legal in the United States and permissible in Great Britain; the U.S. P. and B.P. employ it together with their national weights and measures, and it will probably eventu- ally supersede the latter in prescription writing as it has in the laboratory. The Metric System. Linear Measures. The unit of the metric system is the meter, which is the one ten-millionth part of the meridian quad- rant of the earth, the circumference of the earth at the equator being therefore 40,000,000 meters, or 40,000 kilometers, or roughly 25,000 miles. In the nomenclature of the system multiples o{ the meter are indicated by prefixes derived from the Greek, as follows: Meter; decameter, 10 meters; hectameter, 100 meters; kilometer, 1,000 meters; myriameter, 10,000 meters. Fractions of the meter are indicated by prefixes derived from the Latin, as follows: Meter; decimeter, jV meter; centimeter, j^-^ meter; millimeter, TffVtr meter. In microscopy, the unit of measure is -rsW °* ^ millimeter, called micron (symbol /t), or, incorrectly, micromilleter; the prefix micro- properly notes the one-millionth of the measure to which it is attached, the micron being therefore correctly called micro- meter. Square Measures. A square meter, in land measure, is called a cen- tiare; 100 sq. meters = i are; 100 ares (10,000 sq. meters) = i hectare. Cubic Measures or Volumes. The unit of volume is the cubic decimeter, called a liter; one liter of water weighs practically 1 Uo- eramme. It is divided into the decihter, fj, liter fweight 100 grams); centiliter, T^ ''.*% ^."f * '° erams); and milliliter, abbreviated m U.S P. and N F. to mil (cubic centimeter), tbtju liter (weight ^ ThSretically there are also multiples of the liter : decaliter, 10 liters; hectaliter, 100 liters; kilohter, ,000 liters; practically, however, the hectaliter (weight of water 100 kilograms) is the only multiple in use. Weights. The unit of weight is the gram, or gramme abbreviation gr. (in English speaking countries usually g. or gm. to distinguish it from grain). It is practically the weight of one cubic centimeter of distilled water at its maximum density (4° C); exactly it is one-thousandth the weight of a mass of platinum, called kilogramme des archives, pre- served as the standard in Paris. Multiples of this unit are designated by prefixes derived from the Greek numerals, as follows: Gram; decagram, 10 grams; hectagram, 100 grams; kilogram (abbr. kilo), 1000 grams. In France, multiples of the kilo are sometimes called: 100 kilos, quintal; looo kilos, tonne or millier. One-half a kilo is popularly called a livre (pound) Fractions of the gram are designated by prefixes, derived from the Latin numerals, as follows: Gram ; decigram, -j^ gram ; centigram, y^^ gram ; milligram, -j^ gram. In pharmacy and laboratory work the unit of volume is the cubic centimeter, abbr. c.c, or Cc (U.S. P.); that of weight is the gram. In the countries where the metric system is in use, liquid medicinal preparations are dispensed by weight and not by volume, by grams and not by cubic centi- meters. In prescription writing, fractions of the cubic centimeter or of the gram are expressed by decimals, or by figures written to the right of a vertical line; thus: 2 cubic centimeters or 2 gm., •^. or 2 jijf cubic centimeter or •j-'j gm., o.i or y^ cubic centimeter or ^f (T S™'' °-°3 °^ Tffcnr cubic centimeter or ii/nr S'^-i °-°°' or ^TCTT cubic centimeters or i^V gm., 1.35 or i BRITISH AND AMERICAN MEASURES. Linear Measures. mile, furlongs, rods, yards. feet. inches. 1=8= 320 = 1760 ^= 5280 = 63360 I = 40 = 220 = 660 = 7920 I = si = i6i = 198 I = 3 = 36 I = 12 Other measures are: league, 3 miles; cable, 10 fathoms = 60 feet; fathom, 6 feet; chain, 22 yards = 66 feet = 100 links; link, 7.92 inches; cubit, 2 quarters = 18 inches; quarter, 9 inches; hand, 4 inches; palm, 3 inches; ell, 1.25 yards = 45 inches; line, tj inch. Square Measure. sq. feet. sq. inches. 43,560 6,560,640 272.25 39'204 I = 9 = 1296 I = 144 A square mile =■ 640 acres = 6400 square chains; 10 square chains (each 4,356 square feet) = i acre. 03 002 35 acre, perches, sq. yards. I = 160 = 4840 I = 30.25 "3S APPENDIX 1138 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES EQUIVALENTS OP METRIC IN U. S APOTHECARIES MEASURES. cubic cubic centimeters mmims. centimeters mmims. u.OOI 0.01623 0.2 3 .24682 0.002 u. 03246 0.3 4-87023 0.003 u. 04871 0.4 6-49364 0.004 0.06493 "•5 8. II 706 u.oos .08117 0.6 9.74047 0.006 0.09741 0.7 XI. 36388 0.007 "•II363 0.8 12.98729 0' . 008 0.12987 0.9 14 .61071 0.009 O.I46II X .0 16.23412 O.OI 0.16234 ^ .0 32 .46824 U.02 0.32468 3-0 48.70236 U.03 0.48702 4.0 64.93648 U.04 0.64936 5-0 81 . 17061 0.05 0.8II7I 6.0 97.40473 .06 97404 7.0 113-63885 0.07 I. 13638 8.0 129.87297 0.08 I .29872 9.0 146.10709 0.09 I .46107 10. 162.34122 0. 1 1.62341 liter. fluidounces. pints. I 33.82108 2.11381 EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC IN IMPERIAL APOTHE- CARIES MEASURES. cubic cubic centimeters mmims. centimeters minims. 0.00 1 u .01689 . 2 3 37822 0.002 0.03378 0.3 5-06733 0.003 0.05067 0.4 6.75644 0.004 0.06756 0.5 8.44556 0.00s 0.08445 0.6 10.13467 0.006 0.10134 0.7 II .82378 0.007 0.11823 0.8 13.51289 0.008 0.13512 0.9 15 .20200 .009 u . 15202 1 .0 16 .89112 O.OI 0. 1689I 2.0 33-78224 .02 0-33782 3-0 50-67336 0.03 0.50673 4.0 67.5'6448 0.04 0.67564 5-" 84.45560 0.05 0.84455 6.0 101.34672 u .06 I .01346 7.0 118.23784 u .07 I. 18237 8.0 135 .12896 U.08 1.35128 9.0 152 .02008 0.09 1 .52020 10. w 168 .91123 O.I I .68911 liters. fluid ounces. pints. I 35-19691 1-75984 Approximate Liquid Measures. In America a teaspoonful is reckoned as i flui- drachm, or 4 c.c. ; a dessertspoonful as 2 flui- drachms, or 8 c.c; a tablespoonful as half an ounce, or 16 c.c. Elsewhere a teaspoonful is re- garded as approximately the equivalent of 5 c.c. (85 minims B.P.); a tablespoonful as three tea- spoonfuls or 15 c.c. (255 minims B.P.). A wineglassful is 2 fluidounces, or 64 c.c; a teacupful = 2 wineglassfuls, 4 fluidounces, 125 c.c; a tumblerful = 4 wineglassfuls, 8 fluidounces, half a pint, 250 c.c A drop is a measure of very uncertain quantity, varying in size not only according to the nature of the liquid but also according to the shape of the container, and its aperture, from which it falls. This is strikingly illustrated in the table given below, in which the number of drops in the flui- drachm varies from 41 to 172, Some of the Phar- macopeias give extensive tables of this kind show- ing the number of drops of the different liquid preparations in the gram. For these drops_ a measure is prescribed, consisting of a pipette with a diameter of 3 mm. giving 20 drops of distilled water per gram. Drops in a Fluidrachm. The wide difference in the size of drops of differ- ent liquids, and of the same liquid under different conditions, is shown in the following table prepared by Mr. Albert H. Kinsey, ^d published in the American Journal of Pharmacy, April, 1884. Dropped from Shop bottle. Acetum lobelise Acetum opii Acetum sanguinariae Acidum aceticum ■. . . Acidum aceticum dilutum. Acidum carbolicum Acidum hydrobromicum . . Acidum hydrochloricum. . . Acidum hydrochloricum di- lutum Acidum nitricum Acidum nitricum dilutum. Acidum nitrohydro c h 1 o r- icum . , Acidum nitrohydroc h 1 o r- icum dilutum Acidum phosphoricum .... Acidum sulphuricum Acidum sulphuricum dilu- tum Acidum sulphuricum, aro- maticum Aqua ammonise Aqua destillata Liquor potassii. arsenitis. . Oleum anisi Oleum amygdalae amarae . . Oleum cari Oleum chenopodii Oleum caryophylli Oleum cinnamomi Oleum crotonis Oleum cubebae Oleum gaultheriae Oleum lavandulae Oleum menthae piperitae. . . Oleum menthae viridis Oleum myristicae Oleum pimentae Oleum rosmarini Oleum sassafras Oleum terebinthinae Spiritus ammonias aromati- cus Spiritus camphorse Spiritus aetheris compositus Spiritus aetheris nitrosi .... Spiritus menthse piperitae . . Syrupus scillas compositus. Tinctura aconiti Tinctura asafcetidae Tinctura belladonnae 51 66 102 82 94 82 57 60 70 82 63 87 58 54 160 57 Glass stop- per. 48 57 92 49 55 66 65 57 51 66 60 74 54 43 152 47 97 94 45 41 64 58 6i 76 73 102 77 108 84 94 75 98 75 77 73 84 62 86 80 93 93 105 78 88 73 95 81 98 83 102 86 92 88 83 77 103 90 108 87 98 79 120 88 88 86 98 86 106 87 120 102 102 85 94 81 APPENDIX "39 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Drops in a Fl-uidrachm. ConUnued. Tinctura benzoini com posita Tinctura cannabis indicse. Tinctura cantharidis , Tinctura capsici Tinctura colchici Tinctura digitalis Tinctura ferri chloridi. . . . Tinctura hyoscyami Tinctura ignatiae Tinctura iodi Tinctura kino Tinctura kramerias Tinctura lavandulae com posita Tinctura lobelias Dropped from Shop bottle 98 124 118 116 86 114 108 114 112 112 116 117 97 no Glass stop- per. 81 120 97 88 80 79 91 83 97 100 96 86 79 Minim meas- ure. 146 98 136 143 124 145 139 147 140 144 148 150 141 13S Drops in a Flutdrachm, Continued. Tinctura myrrhae Tinctura nucis vomicas, , . . Tinctura opii Tinctura opii camphorata . Tinctura opii deodorata. . . Tinctura rhei Tinctura sanguinariae Tinctura stramonii Tinctura tolutana Tinctura "veratri Vinum aloes Vinum colchici radicis Vinum colchici seminis . . . . Vinum ergotae Vinum opii Dropped from Shop bottle. 100 112 98 94 109 98 no 100 120 108 71 92 86 148 96 Glass stop- per. 95 loS 92 86 89 82 93 97 98 54 72 71 99 72 Minim meas- ure. 145 148 143 13s 141 144 134 120 156 152 94 95 105 122 102 SYMBOLS. (The abbreviations, such as gr., oz., c.c, etc., will be found in their alphabetical position in the body of the Dictionary.) 7- 5 5 O lb I n /// /« + minim. scruple. drachm. ounce, pint. pound. recipe, take; a modification of If the sign of Jupiter. misce, mix. foot; minute; primary accent; univalent. inch; second; secondary accent; bivalent. line (jV inch); trivalent. micron. micromicron. plus; excess; acid reaction; positive. In noting the result of the Wassermann test for syphilis, complete hemolysis is usually in- dicated by -f + + + (or 4+); 75 per cent, hemolysis by -f-f -|- (or 3+); 5° per cent, hemolysis by + -f (or 2 -f-), and less than 50 per cent, by -)-. minus; deficiency; alkaline reaction ; negative. plus or minus; either positive or negative; indefinite. X > < or i6i minims (U.S.P.). One imperial gallon=4.55 liters; i U.S. gallon = 3.79 liters; i imperial pint = 568 cubic centimeters; 1 U.S. pint =473 cubic centimeters; 1 fluid ounce (B.P.) =28.4 cubic centimeters; i fluidounce (U.S.P.) =29.5 cubic centimeters; i fluid drachm (B.P.) = 3.5 cubic centimeters; 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.) = 3.7 cubic centimeters; i mimm=o.oSs cubic centimeter. To convert liters to imperial gallons, multiply by 22 and divide by 100; to convert liters to U.S. gallons, multiply by 265 and divide by 1000 (by moving the decimal point three places to the left) ; to convert imperial gallons to liters, divide by 23 and multiply by loo; to convert U.S. gallons to liters divide by 265 and multiply by 1000. To convert liters to imperial pints, multiply by 88 and divide by 50; to convert liters to U.S. pints. APPENDIX "37 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES multiply by 21 and divids by lo; to convert impe- rial pints to liters, multiply by 50 and divide by 88 ; to convert U.S. pints to liters, multiply by 100 and divide by 21. To convert cubic centimeters to fluid drachms (B.P.), multiply by 2 and divide by 7; to convert cubic centimeters to fluidrachms (U.S.P.), multiply by 20 and divide by 74; or in both cases simply divide by 4; to convert fluid drachms (B.P.) to cubic centimeters, multiply by 7 and divide by 2 ; to convert fluidrachms (U.S.P.) to cubic centime- ters, multiply by 74 and divide by 20; or in both cases simply multiply by 4. To convert cubic centimeters, or fractions thereof, to minims, multiply by 100 and divide by 6; to convert minims to cubic centimeters, multiply by 6 and divide by 100 (by moving the decimal point two places to the left). METRIC EQUIVALENTS OP APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS. grains. 1 TTff TttTT 1 is 1 T i i i 3 4 5 6 grams. 0.000539 0.000648 0.001079 0.001296 u. 002x59 0.002592 0.003237 0.005399 0.006479 u. 008098 0.010798 O.OI6I97 u. 021597 "•03239s 0.064798 0.129596 0.194394 0.259192 0.323990 0.388788 grams. 7 8 9 10 grams. 0.453586 0.518384 0.583182 0.647980 IS 20 0.971970 X. 295960 30 drachms 1 2 3 1.943940 grams. 3.88788 7-77576 11 .66364 4 15-55152 ounces. grams. 1 2 31-10394 62.20788 3 4 6 93.31182 124.41576 186.62364 12 373.24728 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS METRIC EQUIVALENTS The equivalents for grains and fractions of a grain are the same as those of apothecaries' weights. drachms grams. ounces. grams. 1 28.34912 2 56.69824 8 226.79296 16 453-58592 1 I. 77182 2 3-54364 3 5-31546 4 7.08728 8 14-17456 SQUIVALI 5NTS OF M AVOIR! grams. grains. O.OOI 0.01543 0.002 0.03086 0.003 0.04629 0.004 0.06173 0.005 0.07716 0.006 0.09261 0.007 u. 10803 0.008 0.12347 0.009 0.13891 O.OI 0-IS433 0.02 0.30866 0.03 0.46301 U.04 0.6173s o.os 0.77169 0.06 0.92603 0.07 1.08037 0.08 1-23471 0.09 1- 3890s O.I 1-54339 jrams- grains. 0.2 3.08678 0-3 4.63017 0.4 6-17359 0. e 7.71699 0.6 9.26039 0.7 10.80379 0.8 12-34719 0.9 13.89059 1 .0 15-43399 2.0 30.86798 3-0 46.30197 4.0 61-73598 S-o 77.16995 6.0 92.60394 7.0 108.03793 8.^ 123.47196 9.0 138.90591 10. 154-33991 kilograms kilograms. METRIC EQUIVALENTS OF U. S. APOTHECARIES MEASURES. ounces. ounces. (avoirdupois) (troy) 35-27 32-15 70-55 64-31 176-37 160.77 352-74 32I-S4 pounds. pounds. (awoirdupois) (troy) Z.2048 ^.6792 4.4096 5-3584 11.0240 13.3960 22.0480 26.7920 cubic cubic minims. centimeter. minims. centimeters. Tk 0.000513 1 0.061618 1 TOT .000616 2 0.123236 tV 0.001027 3 0.184854 tV 0.001232 4 0.246472 tV 0.002054 5 .308091 ^v 0.002464 6 0.369708 ^ 0.003081 7 0.431326 tV 0.005135 8 0.492944 tV 0.006161 9 0.554562 0.007703 10 0.616181 ■J 0.010271 IS 0.924272 J 0.015405 20 1.232362 ^ 0.020542 30 1.848543 i 0.030809 flui- cubic fiuid- cubic drachms. centimeters. otmces. centimeters I 3.697086 I 29.576686 2 7-394172 2 59-153372 3 II .091258 3 88.730058 4 14.788344 4 118.306744 5 18.485431 6 177.460116 6 22.182516 12 354-920232 7 25 .876602 i6(pt.)473. 226976 METRIC EQUIVALENTS OP IMPERIAL APOTHECARIES MEASURES. cubic cubic inims centimeters. minims, centimeters T^ff 0.000493 I 0.059205 TffTT 0.000592 2 0. 118410 tV 0.000985 3 0.177615 z\ u. 001 184 4 0.236820 tV 0.001971 5 0.296025 ^v ,002368 6 0.355230 iV 0.002961 7 -41443s tV 0.004934 8 0.473640 tV 0.005920 9 "-53284s 0.007395 10 0.592050 0.009859 15 0.888075 ■ ■ 0.014790 20 I . 184100 0.019718 30 1-776150 .029601 45 :<. 66422$ fluid cubic fluid cubic drachms, centimeters. ounces. centimeters. I 3-5523 I 28.4184 2 7.1046 2 56.8368 3 10.6569 3 83.2552 4 14.2092 4 113.6736 5 17.7615 5 142.0920 6 21.3138 6 170.5104 7 24.8661 10 284.1840 2o(pt) 568.3680 72 APPENDIX 1138 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES EQUIVALENTS OP METRIC IN U. S APOTHECARIES MEASURES. cubic centimeters, o.ooi 0.002 0.003 o .004 0.00s 0.006 0.007 o' . 008 0.009 o .01 o .02 0.03 o .04 0.05 o ,06 0.07 0.08 0.09 o. I minims, o .01623 o .03246 u. 04871 u. 06493 U.08117 o .09741 0.11363 0.12987 0.14611 o . 16234 u. 32468 0.48702 0.64936 0.8I17I o 97404 ^.13638 X .29872 I .46107 I. 62341 liter. cubic centimeters 0.2 0-3 0.4 o-S • 0.6 0.7 8.0 fiuidounces. 33.82108 minims. 3 .246S2 4.87023 6.49364 8 .11706 g. 74047 11.36388 12 .98729 14.61071 16 .23412 32.46824 48.70236 64.93648 81 . 17061 97.40473 113-63885 129.87297 146.10709 162 .34122 pints. 2.11381 EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC IN IMPERIAL APOTHE- CARIES' MEASURES. cubic cubic centimeters mmims. centimeters . mmims. O.OOI 0.01689 . 2 3 37822 U.002 0.03378 0.3 5-06733 ".003 .05067 0.4 6.75644 0.004 .06756 "•5 8.44556 0.00s 0.08445 0.6 10.13467 0.006 0.10134 0.7 11.82378 .007 0.11823 0.8 13.51289 0.008 0.13512 0.9 15 . 20200 .009 0. 15202 1 .0 16.89112 O.OI 0. 16891 2 .0 33-78224 0.02 0.33782 3-0 50.67336 0.03 0.50673 4.0 67.56448 .04 0.67564 5-" 84.45560 .05 0.84455 6.0 101.34672 0,06 1 .01346 7.0 118.23784 0.07 ..18237 8.0 135.12896 0.08 i. 35128 9.0 152 .02008 0.09 i .52020 10. 168 .91123 O.I I .68911 liters. fluid ounces. pints. r 35- 19691 ^•75984 Approximate Liquid Measures. In America a teaspoonful is reckoned as i flui- drachm, or 4 c.c. ; a dessertspoonful as 2 flui- draohms, or 8 c.c; a tablespoonful as half an ounce, or 16 c.c. Elsewhere a teaspoonful is re- garded as approximately the equivalent of 5 c.c. (85 minims B.P.); a tablespoonful as three tea- spoonfuls or 15 c.c. (255 minims B.P.). A wineglassful is 2 fluidounces, or 64 c.c; a teacupful = 2 wineglassfuls, 4 fluidounces, 125 c.c; a tumblerful = 4 wineglassfuls, 8 fluidounces, half a pint, 250 c.c. A drop is a measure of very uncertain quantity, varying in size not only according to the nature of the liquid but also according to the shape of the container, and its aperture, from which it falls. This is strikingly illustrated in the table given below, in which the number of drops in the flui- drachm varies from 41 to 172. Some of the Phar- macopeias give extensive tables of this kind show- ing the number of drops of the different liquid preparations in the gram. For these drops a measure is prescribed, consisting of a pipette with a diameter of 3 mm. giving 20 drops of distilled water per gram. Drops in a Fluidrachm. The wide difference in the size of drops of differ- ent liquids, and of the same liquid under different conditions, is shown in the following table prepared by Mr. Albert H. Kinsey, ^nd published in the American Journal of Pharmacy, April, 1884. Dropped from Shop bottle. Glass stop- per. Acetum lobeliae Acetum opii Acetum sanguinariae Acidum aceticum -. . . Acidum aceticum dilutum. Acidum carbolicum Acidum hydrobromicum . . Acidum hydrochloricum. . . Acidum hydrochloricum di- lutum Acidum nitricum Acidum nitricum dilutum. Acidum nitrohydro c h 1 o r- icum Acidum nitrohydroc h 1 o r- icum dilutum Acidum phosphoricum. . . . Acidum sulphuricum Acidum sulphuricum dilu- tum Acidum sulphuricum, aro- maticum Aqua ammoniae Aqua destillata Liquor potassii. arsenitis. . Oleum anisi Oleum amygdalae amarae . . Oleum cari Oleum chenopodii Oleum caryophylli Oleum cinnamomi Oleum crotonis Oleum cubeb* Oleum gaultheriae Oleum lavandulae Oleum menthas piperitae. . . Oleum menthse viridis Oleum myristicae Oleum pimentae Oleum rosmarini Oleum sassafras Oleum terebinthinaj Spiritus ammonias aromati- cus Spiritus camphorae Spiritus aetheris compositus Spiritus EEtheris nitrosi .... Spiritus menthae piperitae . . Syrupus scillae compositus. Tinctura aconiti Tinctura asafoetidae Tinctura belladonnae 51 66 102 82 94 82 57 60 70 82 63 87 58 54 160 57 97 45 64 58 76 102 108 94 98 77 84 86 93 105 88 95 98 102 92 83 103 108 98 106 120 102 94 48 57 92 49 55 66 65 57 51 66 60 74 54 43 152 47 94 41 6i 73 77 84 75 75 73 62 80 93 78 73 81 83 86 88 77 90 87 79 88 86 86 87 102 85 81 APPENDIX "39 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Drops in a Fluidrachm, Continued, Tinctura benzoini com posita Tinctura cannabis indicae . Tinctura cantharidis , Tinctura capsici Tinctura colchici Tinctura digitalis Tinctura ferri chloridi. . . . Tinctura hyoscyami Tinctura ignatiae Tinctura iodi Tinctura kino Tinctura krameriae Tinctura lavandulae com posita 1 Tinctura lobelia Dropped from Shop bottle Glass stop- per. Minim meas- ure. 98 81 146 124 120 98 118 97 136 n6 88 143 86 80 124 114 79 145 108 139 114 91 147 112 »3 140 112 97 144 116 100 148 "7 96 150 97 86 141 no 79 138 Drops in u Flwdrachm. Continued. Tinctura myrrhae Tinctura nucis vomicae. . . Tinctura opii Tinctura opii camphorata Tinctura opii deodorata. . Tinctura rhei Tinctura sanguinariae Tinctura stramonii Tinctura tolutana Tinctura veratri Vinuih aloes Vinum colchici radicis Vinum colchici seminis . . . Vinum ergotae Vinum opii Dropped from Shop bottle. 100 112 98 94 109 98 no 100 120 108 71 92 86 148 96 Glass stop- per. 95 i°S 92 86 89 82 88 93 97 98 54 72 71 99 72 Minim meas- ure. 145 14S 143 13s 141 144 134 120 156 152 94 95 105 122 I02 SYMBOLS. (The abbreviations, such as gr., oz., c.c, etc., will be found in their alphabetical position in the body of the Dictionary.) 5 5 o lb / ir III + mmirn. scruple. drachm. ounce. pint. pound. recipe, take; a modification of 1j[ the sign o' Jupiter. misce, mix. foot; minute; primary accent ; univalent. inch; second; secondary accent ; bivalent. line (j'j inch) ; trivalent. micron. micromicron. plus; excess; acid reaction; positive. In noting the result of the Wassermann test for syphilis, complete hemolysis is usually in- dicated by + + + + (or 4-I-); 75 per cent, hemolysis by -|- + -f- (or 3 -|-); 50 per cent, hemolysis by -f -f- (or 2 -)-), and less than 50 per cent, by -|-. minus; deficiency; alkaline reaction; negative. plus or minus; either positive or negative; indefinite. -i- divided by. X miultiplied by; in microscopy, magnification. = equal to. > greater than; whence, from which is derived, <[ less than; from, derived from. V root; square root; radical. 'V' square root. V cube root. OD infinity. : ratio; "is to " :: equality between ratios; "as" * birth. f death. 5 Venus; female; copper. (J Mars; male; iron Q undetermined sex. Q the sun; gold; a monocarpic plant. ^ mercury ; an hermaphroditic, or perfect, flower If Jupiter; tin; a perennial plant. Tp Saturn; lead; a plant with a woody stem. an annual plant. (D a biennial plant. (^ the moon ; silver. ° degree. % per cent. APPENDIX 1 140 STETHOSCOPIC ABBREVIATIONS STETHOSCOPIC ABBREVIATIONS. The following abbreviations, suggested by Professor Langmann of the Veilefjord Sanatoriiim, were adopted by the International Antituberculosis Association at its meeting in Berlin in October, 1913, for use in the stethoscopic findings in the preparation of case reports : Abbr. Latin English Abbr. Latin English a.. anterior anterior p. posterior posterior amph. amphoricus amphoric Pap. papilla mammas nipple Ang. angulus scapulae angle of the scapula prolong. prolongatus prolonged applan. applanatus flattened Resp. respiratio respiration bronch. bronchialis bronchial retard. retardatus delayed Brph. bronchophonia broncophony rh. rhonchi r^les C. costa rib rl. fine riles C2, C3, etc. costa II, costa III, 2nd rib, 3d rib, Rl. medium riles etc. etc. RL. coarse riles CI. clavicula clavicle rlj few fine rdles cons. consonans tinkling RI2 moderate number Craq. crepitus crepitation of medium riles crep. crepitans crepitant RL3 many coarse riles d. dexter right s. sinister left dilat. dilatatus dilated Sacc. saccatus? cogwheel dim. diminutus diminished 1/2 Sc. medio regionis middle of the in- Exsp. expiratio expiration infraspinatee fraspinous re- fort, fortis strong scapulae gion of the Frem. fremitus vocalis vocal fremitus scapula Frict. frictio friction sice. siccus dry immobil. immobilis immovable Sp. spina scapulae spine of the scap- inf. inferior inferior ula Insp. inspiratio inspiration subcrep. subcrepitans subcrepitant Interc. spatium intercostale intercostal space sup. superior superior M. mutitas dulness Th. thorax chest Ml mutitas levis slight dulness Tymp. tympanismus tympanicity Mj mutitas gravis marked dulness u.a. usque ad up to, as far as M3 mutitas absoluta absolute dulness ves. vesicularis vesicular Margo margo pulmonis border of the lung ( ) only after cough- Met, metallia metallic sound ing mobil. mobilis movable APPENDIX 1 141 TEMPERATURE SCALES COMPARATIVE TEMPERATURE SCALES. Centigrade. 100 90 80 70 CO 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 Fahrenheit 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20^ 10 0- 10- Reaumur. 80- 70- 60 50 40-: 30 20 10 10 20 Absolute. 370 360 350 340 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 250 There are three temperature scales in more of less general use, viz., the centigrade, the Fahrenheit, and the Reaumur. The Reaumur is in popular use in Russia and some parts of Germany, but is giving way to the centigrade; the Fahrenheit is in popular use in Holland and in English speaking countries; the centigrade is in popular use on the Continent of Europe and in Latin America, and is generally employed everywhere in laboratories and in scien- tific work. A fourth scale, the absolute, is used to indicate very low temperatures; it is based on the absolute zero, which is the point at which the form of motion ^ which constitutes heat ceases, or the point of absence of all heat; it is calculated to be 2 73-7° (practically 274°) below zero of the centi- grade scale; —461° F., or —219° R. The Celsius scale (no longer in use) was the same as the centi- grade, but reversed, the temperature of boiling water being zero, that of melting ice, ioo°. The object of Celsius in formulating this scale was to obviate the necessity of using + and — signs to indicate any degree of atmospheric temperature. The zero of the centigrade and Reaumur scales marks the temperature of melting ice (32° F.); the zero of the Fahrenheit scale is an arbitrary point, that of the lowest temperature observed by the deviser of the scale during the winter of 1709, practically the temperature of a mixture of ice and salt;itcorrespondsto —17.77° C, — i4.22°R. The temperature of boiling water, at sea-level, is marked 100° on the centigrade scale (hence the name), 80° on the Reaumur scale, and 212° on the Fahrenheit scale. A degree F. is therefore f degree C. and I degree R. ; a degree R. is f degree C. The following are rules for the conversion of the temperature of one scale into that of one of the others : I. Above 0° C. and R , or 32" F. F. to C. : subtract 32, multiply by 5, divide by 9. P. to R.: subtract 32, multiply by 4, divide by 9. C. to P.: multiply by 9, divide by 5, add 32. C. to R.: multiply by 4, divide by 5. R. to P.: multiply by 9, divide by 4, add 32. R. to C: multiply by 5, divide by 4. II. Between 0° and 32° F.; —17.77* 14.22° and 0° R. and 0° C ; F. to C: subtract from 32, multiply by 5, divide by 9. F. to R. : subtract from 32, multiply by 4, divide by 9- C. to F.: multiply by 9, divide by 5, subtract from 32- C. to R.: multiply by 4, divide by 5. R. to P.: multiply by 9, divide by 4, subtract from 32- R. to C. : multiply by 5, divide by 4. APPENDIX 1 142 TEMPERATURE SCALI R. III. Below o" F., —17.77° ^-i —14.22 F- to C. : add 32, multiply by 5, divide by 9. P. to R. . add 32, multiply by 4, divide by 9. C. to F. multiply by 9, divide by 5, subtract 32. C. to R.: multiply by 4, divide by 5. R. to P.: multiply by 9, divide by 4, subtract 32. R. to C.: multiply by s. divide by 4. examples: I. 63°P. to C: 63-32=31X5 = 155-^9 = 63°F. toR.: 63-32=31X4 = --- " "- 37°C. to P.: 37X9=333-5= . o- 37°C. to R.. 37X4 = 148-^5 = 29.6° R. 17- ' C. 'R. 32=31X4 = 124^-9 = 13.8° — = 333^5=66.6 + 32=98 6° P. • 37x4 = 148-^5 = 29-6° R- 34°R. to P.: 34X9 =306^4 = 76.5 +32 = 108.5° F. 34°R toC: 34X5 = 170-5-4=42.5° C. II. io°F. toC: 32 — io = 22X5Wiio-5-9 = - 10° P. toR.: 32 — Io = 22X4 = 88H-9 = - — i2°C. to F : 12X9 = 108-5-5 = 21, 2i.6 = io.4°P. — i2°R. toF.: 12X9 = 108-5-4 = 27; =S°F. III. -io°F- to C.! io-)-32=42Xs -23-3° e- — io°P to R.t io-f32=42X4 -18.7° R. — i8°C. to F.: i8X9 = i62-i-5=32 0.4° F. — i8°R. toP.: i8X9 = i62H-4=4o -S.s-F. -12.2" -9.8°: 6; 32 32- 210^9 168 -i-9 4—32 S-32 AfJfKJNJJlA "43 BAROMETER SCALES COMPARATIVE METRIC AND ENGLISH BAROMETER SCALES. METRIC TO ENGLISH. ENGLISH TO METRIC. milli- inches. milli- inches. inches. milli- inches. milli- meters. meters. meters. meters. 790 31. 112 700 27.568 31.0 787.144 27-4 695-733 788 31 033 698 27.489 30.9 784.605 27-3 693-193 785 30.91S 69s 27.371 30.8 782.066 27.2 690.654 782 30.797 692 27 .253 30.7 779.526 27.1 688. IIS 780 30.718 690 27.174 30.6 776.987 27.0 685.576 778 30.639 688 27.095 30.5 774-448 26.9 683.037 775 30.521 685 26.977 30.4 771.909 26.8 680.497 772 30 . 403 682 26.859 30.3 769.369 26.7 677.958 770 30.325 680 26.780 30.2 766.829 26.6 675-419 768 30.246 678 ' 26.701 30.1 764.291 26.5 672.879 76s 30.128 675 26,583 30.0 761.752 26.4 670.341 762 30.009 672 26 . 46s 29.9 759-213 26.3 667.802 760 29 931 670 26.386 29.8 756-674 26.2 665.262 758 29.852 668 26.308 29.7 754-134 26.1 662.723 7SS 29 -734 665 26.190 29.6 751-595 26.0 660.184 752 29.616 662 26.071 29-5 749-056 25-9 657.645 750 29-537 660 25 ■ 993 29-4 746.516 25-8 655.106 748 29.458 658 25.914 29 -3 743.977 25-7 652.567 745 29.340 65s 25.796 29.2 741-438 25-6 650.017 742 29.222 652 25.678 29.1 738 - 899 25-5 647 . 488 740 29 ■ 143 650 25-599 29.0 736-359 25.4 644.949 738 29 . 065 648 25-519 28.9 733-821 25-3 642 . 409 735 28.947 645 25.401 28.8 731.282 25-2 639 . 861 732 28.828 642 25.283 28.7 728.742 25-^ 637.331 730 28 . 749 640 25.204 28.6 726.203 25-0 634.792 728 28.670 638 25.126 28. 5 723 .663 24-9 632.253 725 28.552 635 25.007 28.4 721.124 24.8 629.713 722 28.434 632 24.889 28.3 718.585 24-7 627.174 720 28.355 630 24.811 28.2 716.046 24.6 624.635 718 28.276 628 24.732 28.1 713.507 24-5 622.097 715* 28.158 625 24.614 28.0 710.968 24.4 619.557 712 28 . 040 622 24.496 27.9 708.429 24-3 617.017 710 27.961 620 24.417 27.8 705 - 889 24.2 614.478 708 27.883 618 24-338 27.7 703-331 24.1 611.939 705 27.764 615 24.220 27.6 700.811 24.0 609.399 702 27.646 27-5 698.272 APPENDIX 1144 THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. WITH THEIR SYMBOLS AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS, ADOPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS FOR I904 AND I9I7. Aluminum Al Antimony Sb Argon A Arsenic As Barium Ba Bismuth Bi Boron B Bromine Br Cadmium Cd Caesium Cs Calcium Ca Carbon C Cerium, Ce Chlorine. CI Chromium Cr Cobalt Co Columbium Cb Copper Cu Dysprosium Dy Erbium Er Europium Eu Fluorine F Gadolinium Gd Gallium Ga Germanium Ge Glucinum Gl Gold Au Helium He Holmium Ho Hydrogen H Indium In Iodine I Iriditmi Ir Iron Fe Krypton Kr Lanthanum La Lead Pb Lithium Li Lutecium Lu Magnesium Mg Manganese Mn Mercury Hg 1904 (H = i) 1917 (0 = i6) 26. 9 "9-3 39-6 74-4 136.4 206.9 10.9 79-36 III. 6 131-9 39.81 II. 91 139.2 35-18 51-7 58-S6 93-3 63.1 164.8 151-79 18.9 I5S-0 69-5 71.9 9-°3 I9S-7 4.0 1 .0 113. ± 125-9 191-5 55-S 81.2 137-9 2°S-35 6.98 24.18 54-6 198-5 27 . 1 120. 2 39-88 74.96 137-37 208.0 II .u 79.92 112 . 4 132.81 40.07 I 2 . 005 140.25 35-46 52-0 58-97 93-1 63 162.5 167.7 152.0 19 .w 157-3 69-9 72-5 9.1 197-2 4-0 163-5 1 .008 114. 8 126.92 193-1 55-84 82 .92 139-0 207. ;i 6-94 175-° 24-32 54-93 200. 6 Molybdenum Mo Neodymium Nd Neon Ne Nickel Ni Niton (radium emanation) Nt Nitrogen N Osmium Os Oxygen O Palladium Pd Phosphorus P Platinum Pt Potassium K Praseodymium Pr Radium Ra Rhodium i Rh Rubidium Rb Ruthenium Ru Samarium Sa Scandium Sc Selenium Se Silicon Si Silver : Ag Sodium Na Strontium Sr Sulphur S Tantalum Ta Tellurium Te Terbium Tb Thallium Tl Thorium Th Thulium Tm Tin Sn Titanium Ti Tungsten W Uranium U Vanadium. .■ V Xenon X Ytterbium Yb Yttrium Y Zinc Zn Zirconium Zr 1904 (H = i) 95-3 142-5 19.9 58-3 13-93 189.6 15-88 i°5-7 3°-77 193-3 38.86 139-4 223.0 ro2. 2 84.8 100.9 148.9 43-8 78.6 28.2 107 . 12 22.88 86.94 31-83 181. 6 126. 6 158.8 202. 6 230.8 169.7 118. 1 47-7 182.6 236.7 50.8 127 .0 171.7 88.3 64.9 89.9 1917. (0 = i6) 96.0 144-3 20.2 58-68 222.4 14.01 190.9 16.0 106. 7 31-04 195-2 39-1 140.9 226.0 102.9 85-45 loi. 7 150-4 44-1 79-" 28.3 107.88 23.0 .87.63 32.06 181. 5 127-5 159-2 204. u 232.4 168.5 118. 7 48.1 184.0 238.2 51-0 130.2 173-5 88.7 65-37 90.6