^,Kh^AA..^:M\H. J 't "MM "> 4 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Date Due Cornell University Library F 2808.161 Argentine republic [a handboolc] 3 1924 020 426 726 I Cornell University f Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924020426726 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, WASHINGTON, U. S. A. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. BULLETIN NO. (^^. 1892. (Revised to February i, 1894.) r BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, NO. 2 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, WASHINQTON, U. S. A. Director. — CLiNTOir Furbish. Secretary. — Frederic Emory. While the utmost care Is taken to insure accuracy in the publications of the Bureau of the Ameri- can Republics^ no pecuniary responsibilitj is assumed on account of errors or inaccuracies wliich may occur therein. WASH INGTON, 0. C, U. S. A. Government Printing Office. n LIST OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS. r. Hand Book of the Americaa Republics, No.i. 2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2. 50. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 3. 7. Hand Book of Brazil. 9. Hand Book of Mexico. 31. Hand Book of Costa Rica. 32. Hand Book of Guatemala. 33. Hand Book of Colombia. 34.. Hand Book of Venezuela, 55. Hand Book of Bolivia. 61. Hand Book of Uruguay. 62. Hand Book of Haiti. 51. Hand Book of Nicaragua. 67. Hand Book of the Argentine Republic. 5. Import Duties of Mexico. 8. Import Duties of Brazil. 10. Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 11. Import Duties of Costa Rica. 12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo. 20. Import Duties of Nicaragua, 21. Import Duties of Mexico (revised). 22. Import Duties of Bolivia. 23. Import Duties of Salvador. 24. Import Duties of Honduras. 25. Import Duties of Ecuador. 27. Import Duties of Colombia. 36. Import Duties of Venezuela. 37. Import Duties of the British Colonies. 43. Import Duties of Guatemala. 44. Import Duties of the United States. 45. Import Duties of Peru. 46. Import Duties of Chile. 47. Import Duties of Uruguay. 48. Import Duties of the Argentine Republic. 49. Import Duties of Haid. 13. Commercial Directory of Brazil, 14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela, The above list includes all the publications of the on the above ivill not be noticed. On the following page, will be found the price list 15. Commercial Directory of Colombia. 16. Commercial Directory of Peru. 17. Commercial Directory of Chile. x8. Commercial Directory of Mexico. 19. Commercial Directory of Bolivia. Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uraguay* 26, Commercial Directory of the Argentine Re- public. 38. Commercial Directory of Central America. 29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Do- mingo. 38. Commercial Directory of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 39. Commercial Directory of European Colonies. Commercial Directory of Latin America. 43. Newspaper Directory of Latin America. 3. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of America. 4. Money. Weights, and Measures of the Ameri- can Republics, 6. Foreign Commerce of the American Repub- lics. 30. First Annual Report, iSgi. Second Annual Report, 1892. 35. Breadstuffs in Latin America. 40.- Mines and mining laws of Latin America. 41. Commercial Information Concerning the Amer- ican Republics and Colonies. 53. Immigration and Land Laws of Latin America, 63. How the Markets of Latin America may be reached. Manual de las Republicas Americanas, 1891. Monthly Bulletin, October, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, November, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, December, 1893. Monthly Bulletin, January, 1894. Monthly Bulletin, February, 1894. Bureau to March 15, 1894. Orders for copies based of Bureau publications. SALE OF BUREAU PUBLICATIONS. Five monthlj' DuUetins have been published by the Bureau of American Republics, viz: " Coffee in America," October, 1893; "Coal and Petroleum in Colombia," etc., November, 1893 ; *'Minerals and Resources of Northeastern Nicaragua," etc., Decem- ber, 1893 ; " Finances of Chile," etc., January, 1894, and *' Costa Rica at the World's Fair," etc., February, 1894. Of the publications of the Bureau, the following will be furnished to applicants at the prices named in the list. All orders for these publications must be addressed to '*The Public Printer, Washington, D. C," and must be accompanied with the money for same. No money will be received by the Bureau or its oflScers. PRICE LIST. Cents. Patent and Trade-mark Laws of America. 5 Money,WeightsandMeasuresof theAmer- ican Republics 5 Foreign Commerce of the American Re- publics «o Import Duties of Brazil 10 Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico . . 15 Import Duties of Costa Rica 10 Commercial Directory of Brazil 5 Commercial Directory of Venezuela 5 Commercial Directory of Colombia s Commercial Directory of Peru 5 Commercial Directory of Chile 5 Commercial Directory of Mexico 15 Commercial Directory of Bolivia.Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay 5 Import Duties of Nicaragua 10 Import Duties of Mexico (revised) 15 Import Duties of Bolivia 20 Import Duties of Salvador 5 Import Duties of Honduras 10 Import Duties of Ecuador 5 Commercial Directory of the Aigendne Republics S Import Duties of Colombia 5 Commercial Directory of Central America. 10 Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Domingo 5 First A nnual Report of the Bureau, xSgi . . 10 Hand Book of Guatemala 35 Hand Book of Colombia 30 Hand Book of Venezuela 35 IV Cents. 36. Import Duties of Venezuela 5 38. Commercial Directory of Cuba and Puerto Rico xo 39. Commercial Directory of European Colo- nies 10 42. Newspaper Directory of Latin America. . . 5 43. Import Duties of Guatemala 25 44. Import Duties of the United States 5 45. Import Duties of Peru 25 46. Import Duties of Chile 25 47. Import Duties of Uruguay 25 48. Import Duties of the Argentine Republic . 25 49. Import Duties of Haiti 10 50. Hand Book of the American Republics, N0.3 50 51. Hand Book of Nicaragua 50 53. Immigration and Land Laws of Latin America ' 40 55. Hand Book of Bolivia 40 61. Hand Book of Uruguay 50 6a. Hand Book of Haiti 50 63. How the Markets of Latin America may be Reached 40 67. Hand Book of the Argentine Republic 50 PUBLICATIONS NOT NUMBERED, Commercial Directory of Ladn America 40 Second Annual Report of the Bureau, 1892. . 5 Third Annual Report of the Bureau 5 Manual de las Repubhcas Americanas, 1892. . . 50 CONTENTS. Page. Chapter I. Historical Sketch i II. Political Organization and Judiciary lo III. The Provinces : Their Resources, Cities, Etc i8 IV. Territorial Governments and the Falkland Islands 34 V. The City of Buenos Aires 46 VI. Education, Literature, and Religion 63 VII. Cattle and Sheep Raising: The "Saladeros," Exportation of Frozen Meats, Etc 69 VIII. Agricultural Industty, Exports of Cereals, Value of Land, Etc. . ;. 78 IX. Manufactures and Other Industries 93 X. Railways, Steamship Communication, Postal and Telegraph Facil- ities 106 "1 XI. Foreign Commerce — ^Trade with the United States — Reasons of Its Restriction — National Finances 126 XII. Legal and Social Status of Foreigners — Immigration 148 Appendix A. Constitution of the Argentine Republic. 158 B. Tariff of the Argentine Republic 183 C. Commercial Directory 398 D. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws 427 E. Mines and Mining Laws 433 F. South American Congress 440 Index 449 T ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Map of the Argentine Republic Frontispiece. Goverament House, Buenos Aires 8 Rocking stone of Tandil i8 Municipal Building, La Plata 32 Gold mine, Tierra del Fuego 42 Ushwaia, Tierra del Fuego 43 An old Spanish corner in Buenos Aires 46 Cathedral at Buenos Aires 47 Buena Vista, Palermo Park, Buenos Aires 48 Callao street, Buenos Aires — ^Jesuit convent on the right 52 Grand stand, race course, Buenos Aires 54 Fa9ade of Opera House, Buenos Aires 55 Private residence on one of the fashionable thoroughfares, Buenos Aires 56 The Bon Marchfe, Buenos Aires 58 New docks at Buenos Aires 59 Three public schools at Buenos Aires 64 San Fermin estate, Buenos Aires 78 Station of the Southern Railroad at Buenos Aires 108 Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires 154 VI Chapter I.* HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1516, twenty-four years after the first landing of Columbus on the island of San Salvador, Juan Diaz de Solis, pilot-in-chief of the King of Spain, made the discovery o( the Rio de la Plata (river of silver), which he called Mar Duke (fresh sea), thinking himself in the waters of a sea, instead of those of a river whose banks are so widely separated as to be invisible to the eye of the mariner who sails at an equal distance from each side. Although Solis, and afterwards Cabot, were under the impression that silver could be found on the banks of the newly discovered river (hence its name of Silver River), an impression also shared by the King of Spain, nineteen years elapsed before the first attempt was made by Don Pedro de Mendoza, in 1535, to estab- lish a colony where the city of Buenos Aires now stands, a colony that was soon destroyed by the surrounding Indians. It was in 1 580, sixty-four years after the entrance of Solis into the river, that Buenos Aires was definitely founded, by Don Juan de Garay, with only sixty followers, who were left there to form the nucleus of European settlement and of a population that has now reached 600,000. In the meantime, some intrepid explorers had succeeded in marching into the heart of the country and founding cities that afterwards became the capitals of Provinces. In 1661, the conquering Spaniards had subjugated so much terri- tory and established so many colonies that the King of Spain found it necessary to create an Audiencia, or high court, in Buenos Aires, and to appoint a governor and captain-general for the Provinces of the * In the preparation of this Hand-book, the Bureau of the American Republics is under obligations to Lieut. Juan S. Attwell, of the Argentine Navy. Bull. 67 1 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Rio de la Plata. A century afterwards, in 1 773, these colonies were raised to the rank of the vice-royalty of the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, and the first viceroy, Don Pedro de Cevallos, was appointed. Unlike what happened in the colonies which subsequently became the United States of America, the Spanish colonies of the New World saw themselves submitted from the very beginning of their existence to a system of personal government, in which the authority of the chief ruler, whether Viceroy, Captain-General, or merely self- appointed leader, was paramount even to the Crown itself Foreign immigration as well as intercourse, commercial or otherwise, with foreign nations, was forbidden under severe penalties. Thus it happened that when the time came to free themselves from the yoke of Spain, the colonists had to learn the difficult lesson of self-government, while in North America, that lesson was known by heart many years before Washington was born. In 1806, England, then at war with Spain, decided to take posses- sion of Buenos Aires, and for this purpose, sent to the River Plate a small army of two or three thousand soldiers under the command of Lord Beresford. The city then had some 40,000 inhabitants without military experience, and it was easily taken. It was not, however, easily kept. Two months after entering, Beresford was compelled to evacuate, losing half of his men, who were killed or made prisoners by Gen. Siniers, who organized and commanded the natives. This event was the first step towards independence. It happened that the Spanish Viceroy, Sobremonte, fled when Beresford attacked Buenos Aires, leaving it at the mercy of the English, and the natives achieved their delivery from the British by their own patriotic efforts. Following this, there occurred an- other event of still greater importance. England sent an army of 10,000 men which landed near Buenos Aires in 1808 and proceeded immediately to retake the city. But this time, the natives were prepared, and the 10,000 soldiers were completely routed; their General, Whitelock, capitulating on the ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. day of the attack. The flag of the famous Seventy-first Regi- ment of the British Army, which gave so much trouble to Napoleon in Egypt, is in the Cathedral of Buenos Aires, with many others. It was after these stirring events that the first patriots began to whisper about ridding themselves of the Spaniards as they had done of the English, whispers that grew louder as news was received of the occupation of Spain by the armies of Napoleon, until, on the 25th of May, 1810, the first cry of independence was raised. The people assembled in the public square under the leadership of noted patriots, and demanded and obtained the resig- nation of the Viceroy, who was replaced by a Junta composed of 9 members, which was to govern in the name of the King of Spain. But the King of Spain was a prisoner of Napoleon, and very soon, the Junta began to govern in its own name, and the struggle for independence began. The members of this Junta were: Cornelio Saavedra, Juan Jose Castelli, Manuel Belgrano, Miguel Azcuenaga, Manuel Alberti, Domingo Mathew, Juan Sarrea, Juan Jose Passo,.and Mariano Moreno. The task of achieving independence was not an easy one. Oppo- site Buenos Aires, in the fortress of Montevideo, was a strong Spanish garrison, which qould be conveyed to Buenos Aires to dissolve the Junta. In what is now the Republic of Bolivia, was another Spanish army, and from Chile and Peru could also be sent troops to quell all attempts at insurrection. The J unta found itself in a great dilemma, surrounded by enemies, and with small elements of defence at its disposal. Happily, the garrison of Montevideo could not abandon that place without running the risk of its being taken by the Portu- guese, who were anxious to extend their territory towards the south of what is now the Republic of Brazil. This circumstance per- mitted the Junta to dispatch several revolutionary expeditions to imbue the people of the interior with the spirit of independence and to give battle to the Spaniards wherever they might be found. The first of these expeditions was sent to Paraguay under the com- 4 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. mand of Gen. Belgrano, one of the most noted generals of the Revolutionary war. He left Buenos Aires on the 22d of October, l8lo, five months after the deposition of the viceroy. The Para- guayans did not respond to the cry of liberty with the enthusiasm that was expected, and Belgrano had to return to Buenos Aires after several useless fights. He was then sent to the northern Provinces, and in October of i8i2, gave battle to the Spanish general, Pio Tristan, in Las Piedras, province of Salta. In this expedition he was victorious. Twenty-one days later, Belgrano routed the forces of Tristan in the battle of Tucuman. Tristan managed to reorganize his forces, but was again defeated by Bel- grano in February, 1813, in the battle of Salta. These and other victories gave the J unta reason to believe that the armies sent to the north would eventually succeed in reducing the power of Spain in Bolivia, but in December, 1813, Belgrano suffered a serious defeat ftom the Spaniards who were commanded by Gen. Peguela. This battle took place in Alto Peru (now Bolivia). , From 1813 to 1817, several battles were fought between Span- iards and Argentines, nearly all of which resulted in defeats to the latter, who lost all the advantages previously gained by Belgrano. Meanwhile, the Government had made strenuou*; efforts to take the fortress of Montevideo. They constructed a small navy, which was put under the command of William Brown, who afterwards rose to the rank of Admiral. Attacked by Brown from the sea and by Gen. Careos de Alvear by land, Montevideo was at last taken by them on the 2oth of J une, 1814. This important capture did not fail to inspire the Government and people with that enthusiasm of which they were in so much need. Every eye was tumed now to the new general-in-chief of the army, Don Jose de San Martin, of whom great things were expected. San Martin, although bom on Argentine soil, was educated in Spain, where he had joined the army, and distinguished himself in the campaign against Napoleon. He was a colonel in the Spanish service when he decided to resign, and help his native ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. country to achieve independence. H e perceived immediately that it was necessary to risk all in a definite move, that would surprise as well as crush the Spanish forces. Although the obstacles were almost insurmountable, he conceived the idea of crossing the lofty Andes and giving battle to the Spanish soldiers who kept Chile in bondage, and thus liberating that country and also Peru from the Spanish yoke. This enterprise needed a great general and a great organizer. Fortunately, San Martin was both. After considerable time spent in recruiting, organizing, and drilling his army (composed, by a great majority, of Gauchos), and after a congress in which the different Provinces were represented had solemnly declared, on the 9th of July, 1816, their formal sepa- ration and independence from Spain, Gen. San Martin left the city of Mendoza at the head of his small army of 5,000 soldiers, on his errand of freedom. The turning point of fortune had come for the Argentines. It took San Martin only twenty-five days to cross the Andes with his army and give battle to the Spanish general, Rafael Maroto, whom he defeated. This battle, called the battle of Chacabuco, was fought on the 1 2th of February, 1817, and is commemorated by the Chilean people as the battle that gave them their independence. In grateful acknowledgment of the services rendered them, two statues have been erected in San- tiago, Chile, one of Gen. San Martin and the other in honor of the city of Buenos Aires. Although San Martin was the liberator of Chile and made his triumphant entrance into Santiago immediately after the battle of Chacabuco, he abstained from interfering with its civil govern- ment, leaving that task to the Chileans themselves. During the following year, the important battle of Maipu in Chile was fought, the Spanish General Osorio and his army being completely routed by San Martin. Having no foes to fight on Chilean soil, the vic- torious general sailed for Peru, the stronghold of Spanish power; there he was also successful, entering Lima on the 9th of J uly, 1 82 1 . Lima has also erected a statue to Gen. San Martin. Although he O ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. was pressed to accept the civil government of Peru, he declined the honor as he had done in Chile. The achievements of San Martin gave the death blow to the power of Spain in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Thus his name will ever rank with those of Washington and Bolivar — the other two great American liberators. Unlike them, however, he never served in a civil capacity any of the countries he liberated; hav- ing, as he often declared, no other ambition than to be successful in the field. He stands, perhaps, as the only great hero who never either desired or accepted civil office. Following the great revolutionary struggle, Brazil, in 1825, de- clared war against the Argentine Republic, because the latter would not permit that Empire to annex Uruguay. This war lasted three years. Many battles were fought by land and sea, and it was only terminated by an agreement that Brazil and Argentina should guar- antee the independence of Uruguay. During this period, one of the greatest of Argentine statesmen, Bemandino Rivadavia, founder of many usefiil institutions, was at the head of the Government A few years afterwards, came the so-called "night of tyranny,'' with the govemment of Don Juan Manuel de Rosas, which lasted from 1829 to 1852, twenty-three years. During this period the blockade of Buenos Aires, first by the French and afterwards by the French and English combined, took place. It was imposed in 1838 and raised in 1848. Rosas's government was of a despotic character, and many were the attempts made to drive him from power. At last. Gen. Justo Jose de Urquiza managed to collect a sufficient force to wage successful war against him, and on the 3d of February, 1852, Rosas's army was defeated by Urquiza, at the battle of Caseros, thus putting an end to the most dictatorial government that the Argentine Republic has ever had. Gen. Urquiza proceeded to organize the country upon a solid ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. H basis. Rosas's government had shown how imperfect were all the previous political constitutions of the country, and how necessary it was to arrive at some definite political organization. As a result of this national aspiration, as early as the 25th day of May, 1853, the National Congress promulgated the existing constitution of the Republic, which is practically the same as that of the United States, with some alterations, of which mention will be made later. Since then, the country has constantly asserted its freedom. During the administration of Gen. Bartolome Mitre (1862-68), the country, allied with Uruguay and Brazil, had to sustain a new war against the Rosas of Paraguay, Lopez, who had seized t%o Argentine gunboats and invaded Argentine territory. This was terminated by the death of Lopez, in the field, and the almost entire annihilation of Paraguay. Notwithstanding the fact that the Argentine army remained in possession of Paraguayan terri- tory, at the termination of hostilities, an agreement was made to submit to arbitration the differences which had arisen between the two countries out of their respective claims to the sovereignty of the territory called E/ Chaco. The President of the United States of America, then Mr. Rutherford B. Hayes, was chosen to be the arbitrator. The decision was in favor of Paraguay. Gen. Mitre was succeeded by Don Domingo Faustino Sar- miento, who was elected President while representing the Argen- tine Republic at Washington. He was a great admirer of the United States, and showed his admiration by the introduction of many measures whose benefits he had had occasion to observe during his stay in the United States. Several new institutions of learn- ing were founded by his efforts, and the education of the masses received his special attention. He introduced the same system of elementary education as that of the United States, and brought back with him several teachers, male and female, thinking, with reason, that the best way to implant a new systen:^ was to have it 8 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. introduced by those who had been educated under its teaching. Science also received his attention, and the American astronomer. Prof. Gould, established in Cordoba the first Argentine astro- nomical observatory. In 1874, President Sarmiento was succeeded by Don Nicolas Avellaneda, who continued his work. As space does not permit a review of all the measures taken during the administrations of the diflFerent Presidents, only the most important will be mentioned. During the administration of Don Nicolas Avellaneda, Gen. Julio A. Roca, minister of war, made his famous expedition to the south, carrying civilization to the banks of the Rio Negro, and reclaiming a vast area of land from the Indians, and opening it to pastoral and agricultural uses. To-day, the whole of Patagonia is free from Indian domination, having in its very center, at Chubut, a most prosperous colony, which is con- nected with its nearest seaport on the Atlantic by a railroad. The successor of Avellaneda was Gen. Julio A. Roca. Up to the time of his entering upon the duties of President, the impor- tant question of the location of the capital of the Republic had not been settled by law, although the seat of the National Gov- ernment had been Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires was also the seat of government of the province of the same name. This anomaly was ended by Congress passing a law by which the city of Buenos Aires was declared to be the capital of the Republic. The legis- lature of the Province of Buenos Aires decided to build a new city ■ to be the capital of the Province. The corner stone of La Plata was laid on barren ground in 1882, and in 1886, its population was 50,000. The material development of the country received a great impetus during Gen. Roca's administration. Railroads were con- structed in all directions, vast areas of land were opened to colonization, and the country was never more prosperous. The education of the masses was not forgotten. In 1884, Gen. Roca inaugurated fourteen public school buildings in the city of Buenos ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Q Aires, and in 1886, he inaugurated forty more. These buildings can be advantageously compared with any used for the same purpose in Europe or America. In i886, Gen. Roca was succeeded by Don Miguel Juarez Celman. The financial crisis that came over the country was the cause of the fall of President Celman, the people making him responsible for the hard times they had to bear. A revolution was started to overthrow him, but the movement failed. The pressure of public opinion, however, forced him to resign. He was succeeded by the Vice-President, Don Carlos Pelligrini, whose administration was marked by tact and firmness. Con- fronted by a financial and political crisis, he was able to carry the country successfully through most trying times. During the administration of President Juarez Celman, the idea occurred simultaneously to the government of the Argentine Republic and to the government of the Republic of Uruguay to hold a congress for the unification of the South American Republics in all matters concerning patents and trade-marks, private international law, extradition, and other subjects. This congress was held at Montevideo, Uruguay, from August 25, 1888, to February 18, 1889. A short notice of the history and labor of that memorable assembly is given in Appendix F. On October 12, 1892, President Pelligrini was succeeded by Dr. Luis Saenz Pena. With reference to the disputed boundaries of the Republic, United States Consul Baker reported to the State Department, December 26, 1892: The question of limits with Bolivia, Chile, and Brazil still occupies the atten- tion of the Argentine foreign office. In the first case nothing has been yet efFected, but the Argentine Government had just sent a minister to Bolivia in the expectation of initiating the preliminaries to a settlement. In the case of Chile, the commissioners of the two countries are now in the field, engaged in tracing and marking the boundary line down the backbone of the Andes. In the case of Brazil, the matter has been definitely referred by the two govern- ments to the President of the United States. Chapter II. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION AND JUDICIARY. According to its constitution,* the Argentine Republic has the representative federal form of government. Each of the fourteen Provinces has its own constitution, based upon the principle of representative government, as in the United States. A Congress composed of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies) is invested with the national legislative power. The Chamber of Deputies is composed of representatives elected directly by the people of the provinces and the capital, one for every 20,ooo inhabitants or fraction over 10,000. To the Chamber of Deputies exclusively belongs the initiation of all laws to raise money, as well as those relating to the con- scription of troops. The right to impeach before the Senate, the President, Vice- President, cabinet ministers, judges of the Supreme Court, and those of the inferior courts of the Republic, rests, also, exclusively with the Chamber of Deputies, at the bar of which all accusations against the aforesaid officials must be made. The Senate is composed of two Senators from each Province, elected by the legislatures of the same by a plurality of votes, and of two Senators from the capital, elected after the same form as that prescribed for the election of the President and Vice-President of the Republic, which form is exactly the same as that of the United States. The Vice-President of the nation is President of the Senate. *For text of constitution in English, see Appendix A, page 158 10 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1 1 Each chamber is judge of the election of its members. The Congress is convened every year, and its sessions last from the 1st of May to the 30th of September. The President of the Republic can prolong its sittings, and can call an extra session of Congress at any time that public exigencies demand it. Congress fixes the import and export duties; authorizes all laws; fixes the use and sale of national lands, and the annual appropriations needed for the maintenance of the administration; grants subsidies, regulates navigation, coins money, enacts codes, regulates foreign and domestic commerce, establishes courts of justice, approves or disapproves the treaties made with other na- tions, authorizes the Executive to declare war or make peace, fixes the forces by land and water, declares in state of siege one or more places of the country, and, in a word, makes all the laws neces- sary to put in operation the different powers that the constitution establishes. The President is the chief magistrate of the Republic and has charge of the general administration of the country. He formu- lates all the rules that are necessary for the operation of the laws, in the formation of which he participates. All laws are sanctioned and promulgated by the President, who is invested with the veto power, which can be overruled only by a two-thirds vote. The President can commute sentences and pardon those under- going them. He exercises the patronato in the presentations of bishops, concedes the passage or retains all rescripts and bulls from the Holy See, appoints and removes his ministers, and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints the judges of the Supreme Court and those of inferior courts, diplomatic ministers, governors of territories, and officers of the army and navy above the rank of colonel. All other officers and officials, the President appoints and promotes without the consent of the Senate. The cabinet is composed of five ministers, to wit : Minister of the Interior, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance, Min- 12 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ister of Justice, Worship, and Education, and Minister of War and Navy. The Minister of the Interior supervises the following depart- ments, bureaus, etc.: Post and Telegraph Department, department of public works, department of agriculture, bureau of National lands and colonies, maritime prefecture and subprefectures, terri- torial governments, etc. The Minister of Foreign Affairs has under his control, besides the legations and consulates in other countries, the bureau of immigration and the lazaretos (where immigrants coming from infected ports are kept). The Minister of Finance supervises the national treasury, the national credit, the bureau of accounts, the mint, the bureau of statistics, the bureau of public revenue, the custom-houses, etc. The Minister of Justice, Worship, and Education has the super- vision of the universities in Buenos Aires and Cordoba, the nor- mal schools, the national board of education, the Astronomical Observatory of Cordoba, the National Library, the National Museum, the National Archives, etc. The Minister of War and Navy supervises the War and Navy Departments, their different bureaus, the naval academy, the mili- tary academy, the national sanitary department, the military hos- pitals, etc. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Justice, composed of five judges and one attorney-general, and in the inferior federal courts, of which there are two in the capital and one in the capital of each of the fourteen provinces. The Supreme Court and the other federal courts have jurisdiction over all constitutional cases, over those relating to ambassadors, ministers, and foreign consuls, and to admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, as well as over those cases to which the nation is a party, and over the settlement of disputes between the Provinces. Under the constitution, the Provinces reserve all rights not ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. I3 delegated to the Federal Government. The governors of Prov- inces are held to be natural agents of the National Government to compel obedience to the constitution and the national laws. Although the constitution of the Argentine Republic has been modeled after that of the United States, there are some points which deserve special mention. The President, who as it has been seen, is elected in precisely the same manner as in the United States, can not be successively reelected, and his term of office is six years. All his decrees, proc- lamations, etc., must be countersigned by a cabinet minister, or else they are valueless. Thus the constitution makes the cabinet ministers responsible for all the acts of the President, who can not take any measure or make any appointment in which he is not supported by them. The members of the cabinet can answer questions and take part in the debates of the House and Senate, although they are not members of either body, nor does an adverse vote on any measure of the Government carry with it a change in the cabinet, as is the case in France and England. Congress has the power to legislate for all the Provinces, enact- ing codes to be applied in all of them, thus securing uniformity of legislation. The Provinces reserve the right to elect their own judges as well as the other officials that their local constitutions demand. All Federal and provincial judges are appointed for life and cannot be removed unless they are impeached and condemned. Unlike the United States, where each State is divided into Con- gressional districts, each Province in the Argentine Republic con- stitutes an electoral district, sending as many Representatives to Congress as its population entitles it to. The people select by vote a list of candidates for Congress, the object being to secure the services of men well known throughout the Province. Senators hold office for nine years and Representatives for four. Governors of Provinces can not be elected Representatives or Senators while holding office. 14 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Every two years, elections occur for one-half of the members of the House of Representatives, and every three years, for one-third of the Senate. The capital of the nation is under the immediate jurisdiction of Congress and of the Executive, who appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the mayor of the city, known as the •'/«- tendente Mi/nkifal." His term of office is two years and he can be reelected. The municipal council, composed of two members from each parish, elected by the people, perform the same func- tions as the aldermen of American cities. The administration of justice is in the hands of i2^i2/ 467 6, 822, 506 6, 963, 278 These figures show the colonies established under the laws of colonization, very liberal in their nature. The land is sold by the 28 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Government, or private land owners, in portions of 82j^ acres, to be paid for in three years, at a price that varies from $600 to $2,000, according to the location. There are many rhore colonies estab- lished entirely by individual efforts; these colonies covered an area, in 1891, of over 2,965,200 acres. The greater portion of the land is used for the cultivation of wheat and maize, while lucerne, limes, peanuts, etc., come next. In 1891, the various colonies in the Province had under culti- vation: wheat, 1,320,000 acres; maize, 150,000; linseed, 55,000; lucerne, 52,000; sugarcane, 21,000; sundry crops, 152,000; besides 5,250,000 acres under pasture. During the same year, eight new flouring mills were erected in the Province. In 1888, there were in Santa Fe 2,300,000 cattle, 530,000 horses and 2,900,000 sheep. A census taken the same year showed that in all the Province there were 3,328 business houses and 1,734 industrial establishments. The capital of the Province is the city of Santa Fe, situated on the banks of the river of the same name, which is a branch of the Parana. Its population is about 20,000. It has one normal school, two large Catholic schools, and quite a number of ele- mentary schools. The principal city of the Province is the port of Rosario, on the Parana River. Its population is now nearly 100,000. Being in fluvial and railroad communication with all the Republic, many of the products exported from, and imported into, the Provinces situ- ated to the north of Buenos Aires are exported and imported by way of Rosario, which is easily reached by all seagoing ships, the Parana River being navigable for them. Rosario is a city which has all the modern improvements, and the aggregate capital of its banks amounts to $8,000,000. CORRIENTES. The Province of Corrientes is situated in the northeast of the Republic. It is bounded on the north by Paraguay, on the east ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 29 by the territory of Missiones and the Republic of Uruguay, on the south by Entre Rios, and on the west by Santa Fe. Its area is 54,000 square miles and its population 300,000. Corrientes abounds in lakes and streams that make its soil especially adapted to agricul- tural and grazing purposes. Among other products, sugar cane, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and maize are extensively cultivated. Cor- rientes is also very rich in hard woods, of which it has immense forests. In 1891, the total value of the cattle and horses of the Prov- ince amounted to $15,000,000. Its agricultural products in 1891 amounted to $ 1 , 1 00,000 and its pastoral productions to $6,700,000. The capital is the city of Corrientes, situated on the left bank of the Parana River, at a distance of 40 kilometers from the con- fluence of the Parana and Paraguay rivers. It is a port of consider- able activity in traffic. As far back as the year 1886, 7,229 steam and sailing vessels, with 666,7 1 2 tons of cargo, entered and cleared the port of Corrientes. In 1887, its population was 20,000. The city has one national college, one normal school, and a number of elementary schools. In the neighborhood of the city several private shipyards exist, in which sailing ships are built of wood brought from El Chaco. These ships are known to last many years on account of the great resistance of the wood employed in their construction. ENTRE RIOS. The Province of Entre Rios is bounded on the north by Corri- entes, on the east by Uruguay, on the south by Buenos Aires, and on the west by Santa Fe, which it resembles in many respects. Its area is 45,000 square miles and its population 300,000. This Province has of late made great progress in agriculture, which is especially favored by the government of the Province, which sells land to settlers on the same plan adopted in Santa Fe. In 1880, there were 32 agricultural colonies — a number that in 1885 had increased to 54 and in 1891 to 122. While the cultivated area in 30 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1887 was only 248,41 1 acres, in 1891 it had increased to 855,000 acres. It is claimed that the wheat of Entre Rios is the best in the world. This explains that while in 1887 there were only culti- vated i66,;^48 acres of wheat, the number in 1891 had increased 10513,968. In 1891, there were also under cultivation 168,028 acres of maize, 85,960 of lucerne, 10,000 of barley, 9,800 of flax, 7,350 of grapes, 825 of tobacco, 6,630 of peanuts, 11,703 of fruit trees, and 49,420 of miscellaneous products. In 1890, there were in Entre Rios 4,100,000 cattle, 4,900,000 sheep, and 720,000 horses. In the same year, about 400,000 cattle were slaughtered in the nineteen saladeros of the Province. The capital is the city of Parana, which was the capital of the Republic from 1852 to 1861. Its population is 20,000. All the ships that ply on the Parana River stop at the city of Parana. It has one national college, one normal school, and a number of elementary schools. BUENOS AIRES. The Province of Buenos Aires, the most important of all, is bounded on the north by Entre Rios, Santa Fe, and Cordoba, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the territory of La Pampa and the Province of Cordoba. Its area is 63,000 square miles and its population 1,500,000. With the exception of a few hills in the southern part of the Province, it presents the aspect of a general plain, with many small lakes, crossed and recrossed with streams that constitute a natural system of irrigation. Its soil is principally adapted to grazing purposes, although of late, agriculture has also made great prog- ress. In 1891, there were in the province 70,000,000 sheep; the cattle numbered 9,600,000, valued at $50,000,000; and the horses 1,860,000, valued at $10,000,000, the value of all amounting to $135,000,000. Without counting the city of La Plata, capital of the Province, ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 3I the value of the pastoral and agricultural industries in 1891 was estimated to be $341,000,000. In 1886, the value of the land, sheep, cattle, and horses of the Province of Buenos Aires, excep- tion being made of La Plata, amounted to about $700,000,000. The cultivated area, in 1891, was 3,420,000 acres. It was distrib- uted as follows: Maize, 1,610,000 acres; wheat, 1,160,000; lin- seed, 100,000; lucerne, 200,000; barley, 40,000 ; potatoes, 60,000. The total value of the crop of 1891 was" $33,000,000. A great quantity of maize is employed by the different distil- leries established in the Province, a fact which contributed to make the crop too small for the internal needs of the province. The rapid increase' of the cultivated area has, of late, remedied this evil, permitting wheat, maize, and other cereals to be exported fi-om Buenos Aires as well as from other Provinces. In 1885, the nineteen saladeros then in existence slaughtered 243,375 head of cattle, 200,000 horses, and 2oo,(Sc>o sheep. Among the principal towns of the Province of Buenos Aires, can be counted the following: Azul, in the south, with about 10,000 inhabitants; the port of Bahia Blanca, with 10,000; Bar- racas al Sud, alongside of the city of Buenos Aires, from which it is separated by the Riachuelo, 10,000; Charconnes, on the banks of the lake of the same name, 6,000; Chivilcoy, in the southwest, 12,000; Dolores, in the south, 10,000; Mar del Plata, in the south, the best seaside resort of the Republic, with 3,000 permanent inhabitants, at least 10,000 more taking the baths in the summer; Salto, in the northwest, 6,000; San Fernando, a summer resort in the north of Buenos Aires, 5,000 permanent inhabitants; San Nicolas, in the northwest, 15,000; Tandil, in the south, 8,000, and many others of less importance. The corner stone of La Plata, the capital of the Province of Buenos Aires, was laid on the 19th of November, 1882, in a barren waste situated in the southeastern part of the province, at a distance of 50 kilometers from the city of Buenos Aires, and 8 kilometers 32 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. from the village of Ensenada, on the Atlantic. The port of La Plata has been built in Ensenada, and is in communication with the city by means of a railroad and a canal, navigable by sea- going ships. An idea of the wonderful growth of La Plata can be gathered from the fact that, in less than three years from the date of its foundation, its population reached 30,000, and there were, besides the public buildings, of which mention will be made later, 3,000 brick and stone houses built, and 631 in the course of construc- tion. The value of real estate subject to taxation was then estimated to be $20,000,000. The public buildings alone, however, have cost about $40,000,000. The city is divided into blocks of 1 20 meters on each side that are separated from each other by diagonal avenues 30 meters wide, or streets^ 8 meters wide. It is laid out on the same plan as that of \\"ashington, D. C. Besides the ventilation afforded by its wide avenues and streets, the city has twenty-three public squares. Among the prominent public buildings, the following deserve especial mention: The govemment house; the treasury depart- ment; the capitol; the municipal building or city hall; the police department; the Provincial Bank; the Hypothecary Provincial Bank; the bourse; the department of engineers; the department of justice; the museum and public library; the astronomical obser- vatory; the Great Central Railroad station, which connects La Plata with the rest of the Republic ; the arch of entry into the park of Buenos Aires; three very handsome churches, two theaters, the race course, etc. The actual population of La Plata is over 70,000. An English- man writing of La Plata, says : Nothing in the history of Argentina is more remarkable than the creation of this city. * * * In the short space of two years, in a track of the wilder- ARGEWTINE REPUBLIC. OO ness, arose, as if by magic, a city of palaces, "plazas," broad avenues, and ' parks. * * * 'pi^g " Tribimaks " at La Plata are as fine as any law courts in the southern hemisphere. There is a judgment room which they show the visitor, more like a monarch's throne room than a judiciary bench. It has a raised dais, and is gorgeously upholstered in rich crimson plush and gold, has curtains, cushions, and carpets equal to those of Windsor's state apartments. There are buildings in which are situated the Ministerio de Hacienda, the Ministerio de Gobierno, and the Ministerio de Obros Publicas, with its long marble corridors, tesselated courtyards, adorned with fountains, palms, and subtropical plants; the Hypothecary Bank and the Provincial Bank, with their lofty and spacious entrance halls, wide marble staircases, stained-glass windows and sumptuously furnished ofSces, which make our windowless Bank of England look like some grim and dismal old jail. From the ships lying at anchor in the roads, from the train rushing through the camp westward and southward, from horseback on the circumjacent plains, one beholds, as darkness falls upon the earth, a sudden and brilliant illumina- tion ; it is the electric lights of the fairy city. We shall not soon forget our own astonishment when we first beheld the lights of La Plata. We had been shooting all day in the neighborhood of Punta Lara, and were making our way, toward evening, in the direction of Pereira station on the Ensenada line. There was no moon, and almost suddenly, night overtook us ; and then, more suddenly still, as we turned a bend in the road, there burst upon our astonished gaze a dazzling blaze of light, and we thought we must at least have stumbled upon fairyland. We turned our horses' heads toward the light, entered the enchanted city, stayed all night and the next day, and were never afterwards tired of visiting and studying this wonderful city, this dream of marble halls and boulevards. Bull. 67 3 Chapter IV TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. Concerning the development of the territories, United States Consul Baker, of Buenos Aires, says (December, 1892): In spite of the financial condition of the country, I am able to report that the national territories — all now organized under territorial government — ^have, dur- ing the last year, exhibited a very marked improvement in all the elements of wealth and population. All through the vast plains of the southwest, there has been a steady movement of population. New estancias have been opened and wired ; and cattle, sheep, and horses are now grazing and increasing in numbers where a year or two ago there was nothing but vacant pampa and outlying desert. The more intimately we become acquainted with the southwestern portion of the country — extending down from the Province of Mendoza, along the foothills or the Cordilleras — the fewer appear to be the obstacles in the way of its being able to support a large population and an unlimited amount of stock ; and all the avail- able lands in those regions are being rapidly taken up by hardy adventurers, many of them from the northern countries of Europe. The territories in the northern portion of the Republic also show signs of gratifying development and are mov- ing forward to the days of better things. The great drawback in the way with all the territories is the impossibility just at present of receiving any such assist- ance and material aid from the General Government as their necessities requirt in respect to local administration and better means of intercommunication. MISIONES. The territorial government of Misiones is bounded on the north, east, and south by Brazil and on the west and southwest by Para- guay and the Province of Corrientes. Its area is 23,932 square 34 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 'SC miles and its population 50,000. In the last century, the Jesuit Fathers established in the south of Misiones many colonies, from which they derived great profits. The population of their charge was estimated to be 100,000. This part of Misiones is noted for the richness of its soil. An Italian writer, Signor Guillermo Godio, who has made a personal visit to Misiones, says : It will be difficult for me to make my countrymen believe how exuberantly rich is the soil of Misiones, where the vines fructify twice a year, while in Italy it takes five; where I have seen mandioca of more than 3 feet in height; where sweet potatoes of more than 30 pounds' weight are grown, and where tomatoes and ajies are grown all the year round. Nobody will- believe when I say the sugar cane and rice are grown without any artificial irrigation, the dew of the night sufficing for this purpose ; that I have seen roots from which sprang more than thirty branches of sugar cane ; that from 2 pounds of maize seed 1 5 arrobes (of 25 pounds each) have been produced, and that rice and maize yield two crops a year and beans and peas three. Another writer, Senor Alejo Peyret, says : A splendid fliture awaits Misiones. Most fertile soil, immense forests, numer- ous rivers and streams, abundant pastures in all the seasons, great yerbales, a most benign climate, absence of all epidemics, the vicinity of the people of Brazil, who would consume its products — all this leads us to say that the Argentine Republic has no other region better suited for colonization. And Martin de Marcy, the celebrated French writer, says that "to tell the truth about Misiones is to exaggerate." It is not strange, then, that many people have of late established agricultural colonies in Misiones, where land can be had at very low rates, and where the cultivation of sugar cane, rice, tobacco, wheat, maize, cotton, etc., gives such good results. The capital of the territory is the city of Posados, on the banks of the Parana River, which is navigable in all its course through Misiones. Posados has about 6,000 inhabitants, four schools, one theater, two banks, and postal and telegraph facilities, and it will soon'be in railroad communication with the rest of the Republic. 36 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FORMOSA. The territorial government of Formosa is bounded on the north and east by Paraguay, on the south by the territorial govern- ment of El Chaco, and on the west by the Province of Salta. Its area is 30,000 square miles and its population about 30,000. Senor Francisco Latzina, chief of the Argentine National Bureau of Statistics and author of one of the latest and best geographies of the Argentine Republic, wrote as follows regard- ing Formosa, in 1886: The territory is only well known on the sides of the rivers Paraguay, Pilco- mayo, and Bermejo. A great plain, slightly inclined from the northwest to the southeast, covered with forests, is all that is positively known regarding the physical aspect of the territory. The summer, which lasts during the seven months that intervene between October and June, is the rainy season. The winter, that lasts during the other five months, is generally dry. The rains usually commence in October and end in May. The dew is very abundant dur- ing the succeeding months of the year. The mean temperature is approxi- mately 23° 5' Celsius. The village of Formosa, on the banks of the stream of the same name, on the right margin of the Paraguay River, is the capital of the territory, with a popu- lation of 1,000. In Formosa there is one school and a collectorship of national revenue. The national colony that surrounds the village has an area of 74, 1 30 acres, divided in lots of 247 acres. The population of the colony is 800. The colony has 225 kilometers of national telegraph lines j 95 kilometers from Bermejo to Formosa, 60 from Formosa to Riacho Ingles, and 70 from Riacho Ingl6s to Pilcomayo. Recently, Congress has authorized the construction of a railroad from Reconquista (Santa F6) to Formosa. EL CHACO. The territorial government of El Chaco is bounded on the north by the territory of Formosa, on the east by Paraguay and Corrientes, on the west by Salta and Santiago del Estero, and on the south by Santa Fe. Its area is 62,000 square miles and its population about 30,000. The physical aspect of this territory [says Latzina] is similar to that of Formosa. The side of the Parana River is inhabited by civilized people, who ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 37 cultivate the soil or exploit the forest by means of the so called abrojes, while the Indians roam in the interior. The capital of the territory is Resistencia, on the banks of the Parana, opposite the city of Corrientes, with a population of 3,000. The village is surrounded by a colony whose area is 111,200 acres, divided in lots of 247 acres. Resis- tencia has one school, and Puerto Bermejo, near the reunion of the Bermejo with the Paraguay River, has another. Puerto Bermejo has about 600 inhabi- tants. Guaycurti is another village of 500 inhabitants. In 1884, a military expedition, under the direction of the Sec- retary of War at that time, Gen. Benjamin Victorica, succeeded in advancing the military frontiers of the territory to the Bermejo River. Alongside of this waterway, there is a series of fortresses, which are in telegraphic communication with each other. In 1 886, there were sold in this territory 333,585 acres of land at a total price of $104,000, which gave for each the average price of 31 cents. Since then, much more land has been sold to settlers by the national government. In 1 887, authority was granted to build a railroad from Resis- tencia to Fortagal, on the boundary of the province of Salta and Bolivia, a railroad which would cross El Chaco from east to west. LA PAMPA. On the west of the Province of Buenos Aires, and bounded on the north by Cordoba, San Luis, and Mendoza, and on the south by the territory of Rio Negro, is the territory of La Pampa, with an area of 191,342 square miles and a population of 50,000. Senor Pico, who travelled through the territory, wrote : A greater part of this territory is not, as is commonly supposed, a plain (pampa) nor a desert. It is not a vast and uniform plain, as is believed, because the topographical accidents, the undulations of ground, the medanos, the hills, and the mountains vary the view at every moment, narrowing and breaking the circle of the horizon. Neither can the name of desert be given to an extensive region covered with forests of fruit trees and woods, a land, too, in which grow, and in some places in great abundance, the best pastures, and a land en- dowed with many lakes and streams. 38 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. In the middle of the forests, there are wide spaces, bare of trees, that the natives call pampas, plains. Generally, a lake is to be found in these spaces, surrounded by medanos, movable sand hills that change their location according to the direction from which the wind blows. After the military expedition of Gen. Roca, in 1 879, that cleared the territory of all wild Indians, subjugating those that until then had resisted the authority of the National Government, the Terri- tory of La Pampa made great progress, many important estancias, where great quantities of cattle and sheep are raised, having been established there. In this connection, it is of interest to relate that in i886, and since then, much more land has been disposed of There were sold by the National Government 1,788,278 acres, at a total value of $ 1 ,603,375, which gave for each acre the average price of 90 cents. The capital of the territory is the villlage of General Acha, with a population, in 1886, of 2,000. It has two public schools. A concession has been granted to build a railroad from Buenos Aires to Chile, passing by General Acha, which will also be in railroad communication with the port of Bahia Blanca. NEUgUEN. The territorial government of Neuquen is bounded on the north by Mendoza, on the east and south by the Territory of Rio Negro, and on the west by the Andes, which separate it from Chile. Its area is 42,1 16 square miles and its population about 30,000. East of the rivers Neuquen and CoUou-Cura, the country is a plain, while on the west, there are quite a number of sierras, rami- fications of the Andes. In the extreme southwest of the territory, at the foot of the Andes, lies the beautiful lake of Nahuel-Huapi, known since the last century. The area of this lake is 309 square miles. A great many streams run into the lake, giving it com- munication with other smaller lakes that surround it. Thirty dif- ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 2Q ferent islands, covered with the most luxuriant vegetation, are found in the lake, and many species of fish abound. Not far from shore, the depth of the lake is about 1,000 feet. The land adjoining the banks of the lake is very fertile and is watered by many streams. To the north of Nahuel-Huapi, is to be found Lake Verde. The temperature of its water varies between 35° and 40°, Celsius, and is composed of alkaline carbonates and sulphates, which give very good results in the treatment of diseases of the stomach. About 1 00 metres from Lake Verde, there is a fountain of ferru- ginous water, the temperature of which varies between 60° and 95°, Celsius. Besides, there are the mineral waters of Picumleo, Do- mingo and Chapua. The bathing season commences in December and ends in March. Since Gen. Villejas, in 1884, reached Nahuel-Huapi, subjugat- ing all the wild Indians of this territory, many people have settled in it, especially Chileans, who cross the Andes for this purpose. The capital of the territory is the village of Chosmalal. In 1886, there were 114 miles of national telegraph lines, and the other lines necessary to put all the centers of population in communication with each other were being built. In 1891, a line of 120 miles existed from Roca to Paso de los Indios, but for want of operators, it was not in use. The line between Bahia Blanca, Patagones, and Roca is used, but is often interrupted. RIO NEGRO. The territory of Rio Negro is bounded on the north by Buenos Aires, La Pampa, and Neuquen, on the east by the Atlantic, . on the south by the territorial government of Chubut, and on the west by the Andes, which separate it from Chile. Its area is 130,000 square miles. To the south of the Rio Negro [says Latzina] a few hills are found, and at a short distance from the Atlantic, stands the Sierra of San Antonio, the peaks 40 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. of which do not exceed an elevation of 1,640 feet. There are only real sierras in the extreme southwest of the territory. The most important rivers are the Colorado and Negro, the last being navi- gable in all its course, having been explored by Villarino in 1772 and by Del- calzi in 1783, in sailing vessels to a point higher up than Choele-Choel, an island formed by the river in a spot above half the distance of its course. Now, it is navigated by steamers, that can also navigate the Limay River as far as the reunion of the Collon-CurS, which is navigable in boats to lake Nahuel-Huapi, as has been demonstrated by O'Connor, of the Argentine navy. The River Neuquen is also navigable for ships of small draft as far as Chosenalal. The very extensive bay of San Matias, formed by the Atlantic Ocean, forms part of this territory. In it, is found the port of San Antonio, from which are shipped the products of the territory. In Choele-Choel, General Roca, General Conesa, and San Javier, all of which are places situated on the banks of the Rio Negro, are public schools. In Linares, General Conesa, General Roca, Bajada del Furco, Juntas del Limay, and Chelforo, national colonies have been established. These colonies have each an area of 24,710 acres, and are divided into lots of 24.7 acres. The capital of the territory is the village of Viedma, with 2,000 inhabitants and two public schools. It is situated on the right bank of the Rio Negro, opposite the town of Carmen of Pata- gones, in the Province of Buenos Aires. There were, in 1886, 326 miles of national telegraph lines that connected the different centers of population of the territory. In this, as, indeed, in all the political divisions of what is better known as Patagonia, there are no wild Indians, CHUBUT. To the south of the territory of Rio Negro, lies the territory of Chubut, bounded on the east by the Atlantic, on the south by the territory of Santa Cruz, and on the west by the Andes, which sepa- rate it from Chile. Its area is 99,000 square miles. The principal waterway of this territory is the Chubut River, which crosses the ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 4.I territory from west to east. Its source is in the Corcovado, in the Andes, and it flows into the Atlantic. As far back as 1866, a Welsh colony was established about 24 miles from the mouth of the Chubut River. This colony has prospered to the extent of building, without any government aid, a railroad line to Puerto Medoya, in Golfo Nuevo, from whence its products are shipped to Europe. This was the first railroad line laid on Patagonian soil. In 1886, the cultivated area of the colony amounted to 97,000 acres, which was divided into lots of 247 acres. In that year, there were in the colony 1,688 acres of land, valued at $8 per acre, and outside of the colony there were sold 865 acres at 44 cents per acre. The colony had then several schools and seven churches. In Rawson, the capital of the territory, there are three schools and a coUectorship of national revenue. Gaiman is another town formed by the settlers near Rawson. SANTA CRUZ. The territory of Santa Cruz, to the south of Chubut, is the extreme southern portion of Patagonia, touching the Straits of Magellan at Cape Dungeness, from which point a line drawn in the direction of the west, touching on Monte Dinero and Monte Agmod, and reaching the divortium aquarium of the Andes, consti- tutes its southern boundary, while on the east it is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the divortium aquarium of the Andes, that separates it from Chile. The principal rivers of this territory are the Deseado, Salado, Chaba, Santa Cruz, Coyle, and Gallegos, all of which run from west to east. In the Andes, there are, according to the first gov- ernor of the territory, Senor Moyano, several lakes that communi- cate with each other and with the Pacific Ocean. Other lakes are Argentine, Viedma, San Martin, Gio, and Buenos Aires. Regarding the character of the soil, Senor Moyano says : The region near the coast has pastures especially suited for raising cattle. 42 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. sheep, horses, and goats, and experience proves they are capable of resisting the climate all the year round. The valleys near the rivers are adapted to agricul- tural pursuits. The millions of wild animals, such as ostriches, guanacos, etc., that abandon the central zone to wander to the coast in the winter, show that the climate of that zone is too severe for grazing or agricultural purposes. The Andine zone is covered with interminable and thick forests of hayos antdrticas, and has an herbaceous vegetation that would satisfy the most exacting estanciero. Many farmers from the Falkland Islands have moved to this territory, bringing with them their cattle and sheep, and, in 1892, the National Government sold 400,000 square leagues in Santa Cruz, at the rate of $i,ooo gold per league. In Cabo de las Virgenes, on the Straits of Magellan, there are several deposits of auriferous sands, from which small pieces of gold {^epitas) are easily extracted by the most primitive methods. The capital of the territory is the village of Santa Cruz, on the banks of the river of the same name. The mail is carried to this point on steamers that touch at Puerto Descado, Santa Cruz, Rio Gallegos, and Cabo Virgenes. TIERRA DEL FUEGO. The territory of Tierra del Fuego is separated from the con- tinent by the Straits of Magellan. Its western boundary is a line that runs from the point called Cabo del Espiritu Santo (52° 40' latitude) to the south, coinciding with the 68° 34' meridian of Greenwich, till it touches the Beagle Canal. That part of the island to the west of this line belongs to Chile. On the east and south, it is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean. The Isla de los Estados, separated from Tierra del Fuego by the Straits of Le Maire, forms also a part of the territory of Tierra del Fuego, the total area of which is 8,127 square miles. The Argentine part of the island is mountainous in the western and central parts, but in the east is a plain. The Sarmiento and Dar- noen, of an altitude of 6,560 feet, are its highest mountains. F^om the Cabo del Espiritu Santo to the Pellegrini River, the prairie . 1 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. wo dominates. To the south, extend the regions of the Antarctic forests. The most important river is the Pellegrini, the width of which varies from 197 to 328 feet. The Toldos, 1 2 de Diciembre, Roca, and San Pablo are streams of less importance. The principal zoological species are the alpacas, deer, foxes and tucutucos. In the northwestern part of the Isla de los Estados, there is a light-house, situated on a promontory 200 feet high. The light can be seen at a distance of 14 maritime miles. The capital of the territory is the village of Ushuaia, situated on the banks of the Beagle canal. An EngHsh mission is estab- lished there, and many of the native Indians speak English better than Spanish. Lately, important discoveries of gold have been made in the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego. THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. These islands, which lie 330 miles east-northeast from Magel- lan Straits are one hundred in number. Many of them have no other occupants than penguins, which are very plentiful. The islands were used only as a penal colony till 1852 (according to Mr. Mulhall), when Mr. Samuel Lafone, of Montevideo, and others formed the Falkland Company, whose chief settlement is still at Darwin Harbor, on the isthmus which connects Lafonia with the rest of East Falkland, and distant 70 miles from Stanley. Their sheep farm extends along the shore of Choiseul Sound by Mount Pleasant and Port Fitzroy to within 15 miles of Stanley, and numbers 100,000 sheep of Cheviot breed crossed with Argen- tine merinoes. The company has also about 20,000 horned cattle, of which the tame "rodeos" do not number one-fourth, the rest being wild. Among the other farms on East Falkland, sheep con- 44 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. stitute the principal and almost exclusive industry, cattle being found only on those of Packe, Bonner, and Pittaluga. West Falkland was first colonized in 1867, and proved so favor- able for sheep and cattle that it was all taken up in two years by settlers, being now as thickly stocked as the older island. It may be said there is no more land available on either of the islands. The dividing channel, the Carlisle Straits, varies from 6 to 10 miles across. The northern districts in both islands are moun- tainous. Mount Adam is 2,315 feet above sea level, and Mount Viale about 2,000, the latter being called after an Italian passenger of the ill-fated steamer America (December, 1871), who gave his life belt to save Madame Marco del Pont, and perished. The coasts are much inden'-ed, and contain numerous excellent harbors, the best of which are Port Egmont in the eastern, and Berkeley Sound in the western island. Both are spacious, deep enough for the largest vessels, and have good anchoring ground. The best soil for agriculture is along the base of the mountains, where there is black vegetable mold 8 inches deep. Wheat and flax have been produced, but vegetables thrive better, especially potatoes and cabbage. Game is plentiful, and wild geese or ducks are easily tamed. There are many foxes, with thick heads and a coarse fur. Black whale are sometimes caught, as also seals, but penguins are more profitable. They stand until the sailors knock them on the head, ten of them sufficing to produce a gallon of oil. The average slaughter is 1,300,000, and the product of oil, 130,000 gallons. The best fish is a kind resembling salmon and mullet, abundant in the spring. Trees do not grow, but vegeta- tion is very rapid. Snow disappears in a few hours, except on the mountains, and ice is rarely seen an inch thick. Fogs are frequent in spring and autumn, but they clear ofi" at noon. The range of the thermometer is between 26° and 50° F. in winter, and from 50° to 75° in summer. 45 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The area of the islands is as follows : Islands. East Falkland. West Falkland South Georgia Small islands. . Total . . , South Georgia is uninhabited, probably because of its great distance, being 800 miles east-southeast of Stanley. It may some day prove as well suited for sheep-farming as West Falk- land. Wool is the chief product of the island, and few climates seem better suited for sheep, the grass having such fattening properties that a wether seldom weighs less than 70 pounds dressed for mar- ket, often rising to 100 pounds. The wool is coarse and sells at 10 to 11 pence per pound, being much used at Bradford for combing. The clip averages 2,000,000 pounds of wool, valued at ;^8o,ooo sterling. The increase of trade has been as follows : Year. Value. Imports. Exports. Per Inhabitant. Imports. Exports, 1866 1870 1876 1881 189I 21,000 21, 000 27, 000 30,000 66,000 £. 22, 000 20,000 37, 000 92, 000 107, 000 30 26 23 19 35 31 25 31 58 56 As has already been stated, treating of the territory of Santa Cruz, many farmers from the Falkland Islands have emigrated, with their flocks, to the former territory, which aflforda cheaper and equally good land for farming purposes. Chapter V. THE CITY OF BUENOS AIRES. The city of Buenos Aires is situated on the right bank of the Rio de la Plata, which is 24 miles wide at this point Its latitude south is 34° 36' 24.4" and its longitude 58° 2i' 33.3" west from the meridian of Greenwich, according to the calculations of the American astronomer, Gould. The city was first founded in 1535 by Don Pedro de Mendoza. It was destroyed by the Querandies Indians two years later, and having been rebuilt, had to be abandoned two years afterwards, in 1539. Its definite foundation took place on the 11th of June, 1580, and Don Juan de Garay, who was accompanied by only 60 Spanish soldiers, was the founder. Garay divided the town into one hundred and forty-four blocks, separated by sixteen streets rurming from east to west, and by nine streets running from north to south. The laws of Spain specified every detail regarding the establishment of new cities. They were to be modeled after the Spanish cities, with narrow streets running in the direction adopted by the founder of Buenos Aires and of every other Latin- American city. It has been found necessary to widen some streets and open new avenues, so as to improve as much as possible the legacy left by the Spaniards. A European writer says: Of all the South American cities, Buenos Aires is the one which has lost, to a greater extent than any other, the Spanish aspect, which had characterized it for three centuries. 46 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 47 A long time ago, it broke the chains which bound it to Seville and Cadiz. The Sevillians seem to have forgotten the time when they furnished every commercial commodity to the cities of Spanish America. When Buenos Aires receives a cargo of salt from Cadiz, it little thinks that this is a last vestige of the exclu- sive commerce which, in former times, was transacted between the two cities. The axis of international relations has changed its position. The Argentine Republic, after having received everything from Spain, its laws, its public spirit, its private customs, its cuisine, etc., now takes nothing from Spain. Even its language is not pure Castilian. During the last three centuries, Spanish literature has remained stationary and has produced few good works. The Argentines have therefore been obliged to look elsewhere for such works, preferring to read them in their original languages rather than wait for translations. This has caused the Argentines to take some- thing from every language, consequently producing a certain change in their style of writing. It is now difficult to find in Buenos Aires the old-fashioned Spanish house. Even the houses built by the natives thirty or forty years ago, have almost dis- appeared, having been replaced by modern buildings. The Government House is modern, being a mixture of Italian and French renaissance. One half of it, which for, a time was used for the post-office, is a reproduction, on a small scale, of the Tuilleries, and the other half, built after- wards, resembles an Italian palace of the sixteenth century. The plaza or square, which was laid out in 1580, in accordance with the Span- ish laws, has the classic 150 meters in breadth by 300 meters in length. It con- tinues to serve the purpose for which it was intended. Many public buildings face upon it ; among others, the Government House; the custom house, the city hall, congress hall, the cathedral, the palace of the archbishop, the Colon theatre and the bourse. The great traffic of this part of the city overflows into the adjacent streets. At every step, traces of the old city are found. Sometimes, one imagines himself in a city of Andalusia, but this illusion soon vanishes at the sight of the exceed- ingly active traffic on all sides, and the noise produced by innumerable carts, tramways, and carriages of every description, very few of which carry idle people, for who could remain idle in the midst of so much activity when, at every step, one is reminded of the struggle for life ? There has scarcely been time to rebuild this portion of the city. Several old structures are yet to be found, the rental of which is sufficient to satisfv their owners, who do not care to go to the expense of building new houses. But alongside of these old houses, which are destined to disappear, palatial buildings 48 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. have been raised, most of which, although originally destined for other purposes, have been claimed by the increasing demands of business. The part of the city occupied by private residences surrounds the business part, and the farther one gets from the business center, the greater number of modern houses are found. New thoroughfares spring up every day, and grounas which not long ago were used to raise lucerne, are now covered with fashion- able dwellings. Everywhere, new buildings are seen entirely different from the antique style of architecture. Many rich families have set the example by building beautiful homes, in which they display a luxury unknown betore. These residences are designed froni the Parisian private hotels, the chalets of Norway, the Moorish alcazars, the Italian palaces, the great seignorial castles of France, while some are modeled after Spanish castles. From Paris, princi- pally, comes the furniture for these residences, splendid tapisseries, paintings of the best masters, and objects of art, dernieres nouveautes, etc. Several Parisian houses have sent their own men to superintend the furnishing of these dwellings, which the most gorgeous private hotels of Paris can not rival. Vain would be the attempt to distinguish among the new and old-fashioned houses those which are occupied by the high officials of the Government, the President himselfj or the foreign diplomatic ministers. The difference of fortune only, and not of official rank, marks the difference of dwellings. The State does not provide residences for officials. A man occupying a high position in the Government is not required to have a grand establishment. The President and his ministers go every day to the Government House to transact the business of the day; but they all live in their own houses, more or less elegant according to their private means, their salary not being sufficient to allow them to live with greater luxury. The principal driving park of Buenos Aires is Palermo, where over 3,000 carriages are to be seen on Sundays and Thursdays, on which days, Palermo is better patronized by the wealthy classes. Says an English writer: Successive mayors have done their best to add to the embellishment of this beautiful park, but it was lefi: to an Englishman to give it the crowning beauty by establishing arches of electric lights, by which the gayety of the day might be prolonged into the night. Coming suddenly by train out of the darkness into the broad belt of brilliant light crossing the avenue of palms, catching a rapid glimpse as you rush by of the endless string of carriages and figures on horseback, is like taking a momentary peep into fairyland. When one is among the gay throng, however, the weird shadows of the trees, the dazzling electric BuENA Vista, Palermo Park Buenos Aires. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ^Q light throwing over everything a glamour as of moonlight, leave an impression on the mind like the first reading of "A Midsummer Night's Dream." While all the carriage people, however, and equestrians go on to Palermo, a favorite resort for a, saunter on foot is the Recoleta, with its grotto and rock- work, its artificial waterfall, subtropical plants, shrubs, and flowers, its well-kept paths and shady seats. Here, on any fine "feast day," between the hours of 2 and 5 in the afternoon, may be seen a crowd, which, for variety, has not its equal. Groups of laughter-loving girls, clad in costumes of all the prismatic colors; knots of happy, careless youths, smart as tailors' models; types of every race and color, white, tawny, red, yellow, black, active and infirm, young and old, rich and poor, all mingling together, promenading, gossiping, flirting, ogling, and over all a sky as deeply blue, a sun as bright; as anything of which Italy can boast. But, bright and animated as is the Recoleta at the time and hours named, its greatest charms are revealed a few hours later, when the throng has dispersed and evening has set in with its balmy breezes. The magnolia, the cape jasmine, and other flowers of the season load the air with their sweetness; the chicharras sing in the trees ; the tree frogs chirp their peculiar, piercing note, while myriads of fireflies, like tiny stars, dance and flicker among the shrubs. There is an especially prominent knoll overlooking the whole of the grounds, and commanding a wide view of the river and roofs of the houses, extending even beyond the forest of masts in the Boca. Here, on a summer evening, it is delightful to sit and enjoy the cool air and watch the broad, shimmering track of the moon over the wide and tranquil Rio de la Plata. There are several pretty suburbs : Belgrano, almost contiguous to Palermo, and the adjoining pueblos of San Martin, San Isidro, San Fernando, and the Tigr6, while in the south, there are Lomas, Adragu6, and Temperly, and in the west, the Caballito, Flores, and Moron. Flores, Temperly, and Belgrano, are the districts mostly patronized by the better class of English families, and many of their quintas or villas have quite a homelike appearance. From Lomas to Santa Catalina, where the Govern- ment maintains a very fine agricultural college, and from San Martin or Bel- grano to the Tigr^, there are very pretty bits of scenery, reminding one, at times, of some parts of Cambridgeshire. Adrague is an aspiring suburb, which already has the electric light and boasts of one of the pleasantest hotels in the country, called "Las Delicias." It is sur- rounded by extensive grounds, and is the favorite resort of young couples dur- ing their honeymoon. During the hot months, it is a delightfully cool place to live at, and has lately considerably advanced in fashion since the President of the Republic, Dr. Pelligrini, has here established his private summer residence. The most pretentious and fashionable suburb, however, is the Tigre, at the Bull. 67 i 5° ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. confluence of the rivers Parana and Lujan, about an hour's run from the city, and formerly the terminus of the old Northern Railway. It is here that the English rowing clubs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo hold their regattas, and hither, during the season, come the picnic, riding, and driving parties from town. There are over sixtv hotels in Buenos Aires, besides innumer- able boarding houses. Of the restaurants, the writer quoted above adds the following : Whatever may be the shortcomings of some of the hotels of Buenos Aires, they are more than balanced by the excellence and magnificence of the restaurants. There are several that may be called first class. Says the same writer: No city in the world of equal size and population can compare with Buenos Aires for the number and extent of its tramways. Not only do the urban tram lines stretch beyond the city boundaries to the outlying districts, north, south, and west for distances of 10, 12, and 15 miles, but from the very heart of the city, spring tracks which, when completed, will extend for hundreds of miles into the province, connecting many of its most important colonies and, in a great measure, superseding railways. There are seven tramway companies in Buenos Aires, and the combined length of their roads amounts to no less than 1 79 miles. (In London there are only 116 miles.) The number of passengers carried in 1890 was over 55,000,000, or an average of 152,000 per diem. The relative importance of the various companies may be seen from the subjoined statistics for the eleven months from January to November, 1890: Name of company. City of Buenos Aires .... .A.nglo-Argentine Central Capital Buenos Aires and Belgrano Grand National Buenos Aires, new Metropolitan Total Miles open. 37 66 13 25 14 7 179 Number of cars. 132 145 53 20 36 27 17 6 436 Number of horses. 2,227 2, 409 834 323 559 394 239 104 7,089 j Number of Number journeys of em- made m ploy^s. eleven months. 107 558 418 213 266 371 95 46 41, 074 503, 019 560, 927 140, 280 73, 356 I2g, 018 57.354 32, 432 4,655 I, 501, 041 Number of passengers carried in eleven months. 19, 641 906 17, 264, 916 4, 972, 787 I. 963, 047 4, 984, 526 I, 092, 333 6lg, 018 52, 489 50, 591, 022 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. O The enormous traffic shown by these figures is due to the growth of the suburbs and the enforced exodus thence of urban population, owing to the con- stantly rising and already exorbitant rents prevalent in the city. In an article published in the Financial News for August 20, 1888, it was stated by the author that: The population of the United Kingdom is about 37,000,000. The Board of Trade returns show that the number of passengers carried by the British tramways during the year 1887, over a total roadway of 900 miles, was, in round numbers, 400,000,000. This gives a monthly average of 33,500,000, or 1.096 millions per day. Thus the tram- ways of the United Kingdom carry every thirty-four days passengers equal in number to the entire population of the kingdom. The collective statistics of tramways in Buenos Aires demonstrate that with only 93 miles of rails and with a population of less than half a million, the same result is obtained every four days. Therefore, comparing population with population and mileage with mileage, the proportion of the population who use daily the tram cars is sixty-six times greater in Buenos Aires than in the United Kingdom. Allowing for the increase of population and mileage in both countries, the proportion continues about the same for 1890 as for 1887. But it is not alone in the capital that tramway enterprise has made such pro- digious strides. There are provincial tramways which, for length and efficiency, almost rival the great trunk railways of the country. What, for instance, would be thought in England of a tramway worked by horse power alone for a total distance of 360 miles, with regular stations, yet stopping at any point of the line; with a well-conducted passenger and freight service; with sleeping- cars, cars for fruit, fish, and live stock, and even refrigerator cars? There are several undertakings of this kind, though none of such importance as Lacroze's Rural Tramway, which, starting from the city, will ultimately reach as far south as Bahia Blanca. The utility of these "camp" trains, as they are famiharly termed, is great. They connect with the extensive colonies of the interior and enable the colonist, settled far beyond the railroad regions, to communicate with the outer world. In the Province of Santa F6 alone, at the close of the year 1890, there were 67 miles of tramway in operation, while 492 miles were projected and in the course of construction, the greater part of the latter being "camp" or intercolonial tramways. In 1887, the populated districts of Flores and Belgrano were added to the city of Buenos Aires, increasing its area to 34,829 acres, making it one of the most extensive capitals of the world.. 52 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The area of Paris is only 19,276 acres and that of Berlin only 15,632 acres. While almost the entire area of Buenos Aires is built up, the majority of the houses are only one story high, while the yards and gardens take up a great deal of space. This ex- plains how the population of this extensive city is only 600,000 inhabitants, while the population of Paris is over 2,000,000 and the population of Berlin over 1,000,000. In 1869, the first authentic census of Buenos Aires was taken, and the population was found to be 177,787. In 1887, another and better census was taken, and the population had increased to 404,000 (not counting the 28,000 inhabitants of Flores and Bel- grano). On the 30th of November, 1891, the Monthly Bulletin of Municipal Statistics gave the figures of 553,007 as the popula- tion of the whole federal district; and it is now calculated to be 600,000. According to conservative calculations of persons who have studied the increase of the population for the last fifty years, Buenos Aires will have in 1902, 808,000 inhabitants; in 1917, 1.616,000, and in 1932, 3,232,000 inhabitants; and this without taking into consideration the population of the annexed districts of Flores and Belgrano, now over 30,000. According to the census taken in 1 869, there were then 20,858 houses in Buenos Aires, of which 1,558 were wood and 1,300 had ceilings of straw. In 1887, the census showed that there were 33,804 houses, and that the 1,300 with straw ceilings had com- pletely disappeared, having been replaced by buildings of brick. The total increase during the eighteen years from 1869 to 1887, was 1 2,946 houses, or 7 1 9 houses per year. " But it must be remem- bered," says the compiler of the census, " that the extraordinary increase in the building ot new houses dates only from 1880 (when Buenos Aires was definitely chosen as the capital of the nation), and during the last three years (1884-1887) the number •of houses built each year has always been double the number of I- X ir o o ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ^O those built the preceding years." " The modern buildings," he adds, " have nothing in common with the old ones. The first are constructed artistically, while the latter are not. The rules of aesthetics and of hygiene are now strictly observed, while before, they were generally disregarded. The great majority of houses built lately are three or four stories high without including the basements." Taking as a basis the sales of real estate made in 1 886-87, cal- culations were made by the chief of the bureau of statistics to ascertain the value of the real estate property of Buenos Aires in 1887. These calculations show that while in 1886, the total value of tax-paying real estate property amounted to $490,000,000, it had increased the following year to $773,182,000, revealing an ab- solute increase of nearly $300,000,000 in only one year. These figures give an idea of the activity displayed in real estate transac- tions, and also of the immense rise in the value of property, owing to the increase of population, the great number of modern build- ings erected, and general improvements made. The tax paid on real estate amounts to only one-half per cent of its valuation. According to the census of 1887, 15,366 houses were owned by Argentines; 12,349 by Italians; 2,853 by Spaniards; ^'977 by Frenchmen; 569 by Englishmen; 446 by Germans; 479 by Uruguayans, and 656 by persons of other nationalities. The total area of plazas and promenades in Buenos Aires is 960 acres, or an acre to every 560 inhabitants. This compares with some other cities as follows : Inhabitants to one acre of park. Buenos Aires 560 Edinburgh 410 London 1. 114 Dublin 175 Glasgow 1.293 Liverpool i, 025 54 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. There are at present 26 theaters, but the number constantly varies, as the returns show : Theaters. Spectators. 1887 35 19 26 I, 506, 000 i88q 2, 460, 000 i8qi 929, 000 The returns for 1891 were: Theaters. Spectatois. Receipts, cur- rency. Comedia. . . , Pa^atiempo . Politeama. . Alhambra. . . Goldoni. . . . San Martin. . Doria Nacional ... Opera Ourubia 16 others . . Total Dollars. 201,000 130, 000 143,000 187, 000 loi, 000 124,000 85,000 59,000 74, 000 80,000 72, 000 120, 000 ;S, 000 86, 000 35,000 no, 000 30,000 166, 000 25,000 46,000 96,000 78, 000 920, 000 I, 186, 000 Some of the foregoing, such as the Opera, Nacional, Ourubia, Politeama, etc., are spacious and magnificent houses. The new Teatro Colon, which is now being built with government aid, will be one of the most spacious and handsome theaters of the world. Almost every European theatrical celebrity has played or sung in Buenos Aires, where Patti, Sara Bernhardt, Coquelin, etc., play with the same fi-equency as they do in the United States. There are also two frontones or ball courts, the Euskara, covering 4 acres, in Calle Rioja, and another in Calle Cordoba. The attendance upon the two race tracks of Buenos Aires aver- ages 1,500,000 people per year. In 1867, Mr. John Coghlan constructed waterworks at the Re- coleta, with a tank in .Plaza Lorea, calculated to supply a million gallons daily, or 6 gallons per inhabitant. The works cost ;^5o,ooo. mL. o o < 1- < O Facade of Opera House, Buenos Aires. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 55 In 1873, ^^- John F. Bateman began the present works, and the consumption of water has been as follows : Year. 1880 . 1884 . 1887 . 1892 . Houses ^„,i ^ , J, Per in- supplied. Gallons daily, habitant. 6, 600 14, 700 24, 300 1, 050, 000 2, 250, 000 3, 050, 000 II, 300, 000 3 6 7 21 Consumption compares with other cities thus: Liverpool, 20 gallons per inhabitant; Buenos Aires, 21; Edinburgh, 33; Dub- lin, 22. It is necessary to remark here that in 1892 over 10,000 houses were, without water connection, and that when the connection is made, the consumption of running water per inhabitant will be much, greater than at present. The tower of intake stands 1 mile from the Belgrano shore and is 33 feet over high water. There is a tunnel of 3^ miles to the Recoleta, 5 by 4 feet, which can convey 20,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. At the Recoleta are 3 basins, which can hold collectively 12,000,000 gallons, and these, as well as the roofed filters, which have an area of 4 acres, are protected by a sea wall, having reservoirs underneath for 10,000,000 gallons. The water runs 4 feet per minute, precipitating much matter. The river Plate holds so much in suspense that it is said to carry down 10,000 tons per hour to the sea. A tunnel 4 feet high conveys the filtered water to the pumps, which are 500 horse power and can throw up 450 gallons at each revolution, or 15,000,000 gallons daily, to a height of 160 feet. The consump- tion of coal is 23 tons daily. The great tank covers a block of 4 acres between Calles Cordoba, Viamont, and Rio Bamba. It is 81 feet high and holds 13,500,000 gallons. The tank is of iron, in 3 compartments, weighing 14,000 tons, and is supported by 28,000 tons of masonry; total weight when full, 110,000 tons. It cost ;^400,ooo. Two pipes, 2 feet diameter, convey the water 56 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. down. The consumption varies from 300,000 to 800,000 gallons per hour, being greatest at 9 a. m. The number of houses sup- plied in Way, 1892, was 23,000, there being still 1 1,000 houses unsupplied. It is found necessary to construct 2 acres more ot covered filters and to increase the pumping power. The works employ 600 men, whose salaries reach $700,000, currency, per annum. The Bateman contract, in 1873, stipulated 7 per cent commis- sion for waterworks and drainage. The works, after 19 years, are approaching completion. The actual outlay has been under ;^5,ooo,ooo, and a further outlay of ;^ 1,000,000 will finish them. The street drains vary in diameter, the largest being 5 feet. The main drains are 14 feet. The principal main drain is 16 miles long, terminating below Quilmes. The pumping station at Ber- nal is 500 horse power. In March, 1892, there were 6,270 houses with drainage service, leaving 28,000 not yet connected. The connection works are being carried out at a rapid rate, so that soon all the houses will be connected. At present, the quantity of sewage matter conveyed is 35,000 tons daily. There are four gas companies, of which the oldest is the Prim- itiva, started in 1856. Mceroy \'ertiz began to light the streets in 1778 by means of lamps fed with mares' grease. These were made to give place to tallow candles about the close of the eighteenth century. It is recorded that Mr. James Bevans, C. E., grandfather of ex-President Pellegrini, lighted the plaza with gas on the national anniversary. May 25, 1824. The street lighting in recent years shows as follows : Year. Lights. 1S87 1SS9 1S91 Gas. Petroleum. 5.079 7,744 7.742 3, 160 4, 046 4.545 Gas consumed. , Petroleum. Cubic feet. S6, 800, 000 131, 800. 000 133, 400, 000 Gallons. 90, 000 126, 000 132, 000 Total cost, currency. Dollars. 305,000 470,000 685,000 > < ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The consumption in houses was as follows: 57 Year. Houses. Consumption. Cost, currency. 1889 11,258 31, 898 Cubic feet. 296, 800, 000 632, 800, 000 Dollars. I, 460, ooa 4, 950, 000 iSqi The total consumption in 1883 '^^'^ ^^9^ compare as follows: Consumption. Cost, currency. 1883. 1S91. 1883. 1891. Streets Cubic feet. 4.2, 000, 000 160, 000, 000 Cubic feet. 132, 400, 000 632, 800, 000 Dollars. 180, 000 I, 080, 000 Dollars. 475, 000 4, 950, 000 Houses Total 202, 000, 000 765, 200, 000 I, 260, 000 5,425,000 The cost of public lighting in 1891 was ;^36,ooo, and com- pares with other cities, per head, as follows : Pence yearly per inhabitant. Berlin 13 Vienna 14 Buenos Aires 16 Rome 40 London 60 Paris 138 There are 360 miles of gas pipes, supplying 400,000 lights in houses and 7,700 street lamps. Many houses, the principal streets, and Palermo Park are lighted with electric light. There are twenty markets, and the return for 1891 show as fol- lows, for consumption : Market. Cattle. Sheep. Poultry. Vegetables. Ppntral Number. 42, goo 63, 600 31, 100 26, 800 20, 900 16, 600 13, 400 Number. 77, 400 63, 800 21,400 52, 000 29, 900 33. 300 17, 900 Number. 360, 000 180, 000 103, 000 77, 000 62, 000 121,000 12, 000 Tons. 2, 300 1,850 Modelo 11,330 250 Florida 1,410 Comcrcio I, 260 5« ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Market. Cattle. Sheep. Poultry. Vegetables. Independencia X umber. 13,500 19,400 20,800 16,000 17,200 124, 500 Xumber. 12,600 17,500 29,900 63,600 26,900 161, 300 Number. 11,000 23,000 67,000 44,000 5S, 000 69,000 Tons. 90 Garibaldi Pilar Libertad San Cristobal Eight others 530 770 1,210 no 4.240 Total 426, 700 607,500 I, 1S7, 000 25,360 The city also consumed 1 1,000 pigs, 590,000 brace of par- tridges, 30,000 rabbits, 1,600 tons of fish, 39,500,000 eggs, 700 tons cheese and butter, 9,800 tons fiiiits, and 32,000 tons flour. The consumption of meat compares with other cities thus : Meat^ pounds per inhabitant. Buenos Aires 274 Paris 167 Berlin ... 99 Dublin 60 Hamburg 92 Munich r66 London 128 Rosario 264 Twenty years ago, Buenos Aires had no manufactures except beer and flour, while the census of 1887 showed thus : Number of factories I, •>j\ \ Hands employed 42, 321 Steam, horse power ... 6, 277 Value of factories Sig. 500, 000 Value of raw material $47, 700, 000 Besides the above factories, there were 4,884 retail establish- ments. The former were classified according to their annual con- sumption of raw material as follows : Raw material, value doUars. Number of factories. Over S50. 000 go $20, 000-50, 000 254 $5, 000-20, 000 goo Total I, 244 o m New Docks at Buenos Aires. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 59 The above included 23 foundries, 36 steam saw mills, 23 floui mills, 98 distilleries, 89 steam printing offices, 35 tanyards, 3 1 boot factories, 84 coach factories, and 8 steam laundries. Since 1887, ^^^ number of factories has increased considerably. The census of 1 887 showed as follows, in regards to professions : Lawyers . . . . . Physicians. . , Engineers . . . Journalists . . Surveyors . . . Teachers . . . . Artists Clergymen . . Civil service . Merchants. . . Military Farmers Tradesmen . . •Servants Various Total. Argentines. 859 277 140 60 73 749 226 71 5,324 7.049 2, 271 992 14, 807 20, 832 42, 141 95.871 Foreigners. 249 159 419 75 35 750 1.394 246 3.813 22, 272 224 2, 013 60, 815 52, 766 58, 739 203, 969 Total. I, 108 436 559 135 108 1.499 I, 620 317 9.137 29. 321 2.495 3.005 75. 622 73, 598 100, 880 299, 840 The growth of certain trades appears as follows : Shops of^ 1830. i8s3- 1887. 33 39 18 68 12 35 51 61 19 IIO 23 108 466 Bakers 243 Tinsmiths . 151 Carnenters , 651 97 629 All other trades increased in like ratio. The port of Buenos Aires, better known by the Madero docks, extends for nearly 3 miles along the city front. The works were begun in March, 1887, on plans of Sir John Hawkshaw, the con- tractors being Messrs. Walker & Co. The concession is in the name of Eduardo Madero & Co., the price fixed by Congress 6o ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. being ;^4,ooo,ooo, but the outlay will probably exceed ;^5,ooo,ooo. The works were carried out without interruption during four years, until in May, 1891, the Government was compelled to prosecute them on a reduced scale, at an outlay of ;^40,ooo a month. They were originally divided into nine sections, viz : Name. Water. Quay wall. Cost. At.-res. 25 23 yards. I, 100 1,540 £■ 450,000 Dock I 902, 000 440, 000 23 27 40 1,560 1,870 .1, 640 691,000 219,000 465, 000 Dock 3 North basin Dock 4 North channel Total 3, 167, 000 The prime minister's report to Congress gives the total outlay as follows : £ 1887 to April, iSqi 3, 405, 000 May, 1891, to March 3r, 1892 365, 000 Total 3, 770, 000 Deducting _;^ 120,000 spent in the first quarter of 1892, the works would still require, on Mr. Drabble's estimate, a further sum of ;^ 1,480,000, which would bring up the total cost to ^5,250,000. Each dock has a shed which cost ^60,000, and in the aggregate, these sheds have 14 acres of accommodations ; each has four floors with three hydraulic cranes, capable of lifting 30 cwt. each. There are on the quays forty-six traveling cranes of equal power (30 cwt), besides two that can lift 5 tons each, and a fixed crane of 30 tons power. The works include 12 miles of railway and 130,000 square meters, or 33 acres of paving. It is proposed to dredge the south ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 61 channel to a depth of 23 feet, but to abandon the north channel for the present, as well as Dock 4. In the *excavation of these docks seven steam navvies were employed, which excavated 1 50,000,000 cubic feet of stuff. Each dock has about 80,000 tons of granite for quay wall. The sea wall is 3 miles long, or 5,000 yards, of which 2,600 were built of cement and granite and 2,400 of pitch pine, the whole length being backed by a '"tosca" bank 50 feet wide. The pumping apparatus includes a centrifugal pump that delivers 1 0,000 gallons of water per minute. The hydraulic machinery is supplied by Armstrong & Co., Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Besides the foregoing, there are the Boca port works, 2 miles south of the city, which were begun in 1876. The dredging and cost have been as follows: Period. Tons dredged. Total outlay on works. 1876-80 l88l-'83 1884-91 15 years 1, 300, 000 2, 820, 000 9, 340, 000 Dollars. 900, 000 2, 270, 000 5, 280, 000 13, 460, 000 8, 450, 000 Allowing for the varying value of the dollar in the last fifteen years, the outlay was about _;^ 1,200,000 sterling. So far, only g miles of the deep-water channel giving access to the port of Buenos Aires have been dredged. Present depth of water, 17 feet. There are 3 miles more to be dredged, and the minister proposes a uni- form depth of 21 feet (it is found that the river deposits 1,000,000 tons of stuff yearly in the channel, the annual cost of dredging which is estimated at $600,000 currency, or ^33,000 sterling), besides widening the first kilometer and the Riachuelo and pro- longing the south pier. This will involve a further outlay of $4,000,000, or ^250,000 sterling, bringing up the total cost to ;^i,45o,ooo, which, being added to ;^5,2 50,000 for the Madero 62 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. docks, will make a total expenditure of ;^6,700,ooo for the port of Buenos Aires. This compares with other cities thus : Buenos Aires London Liverpool ... Antwerp .... Trieste Acres. 165 690 560 105 86 Cost. 6, 700, 000 20, 100, 000 18, 200, 000 6, 800, 000 1, 100, 000 Per acre. 40, 600 29, lOO 32,500 64, 600 12, 800 The outlay, as comfiared with length of quay wall, is £^lo per yard in Buenos Aires, against £^^0 in Antwerp, £,1\o in Marseilles, and £10% in Trieste, but it must be observed that in Buenos Aires, it has been necessary to build a sea wall 3 miles in length to protect the above works. The figures given, when treating of the waterworks, drainage, and port of Buenos. Aires, have been taken from the last edition of Messrs. M. G. and E. T. Mulhall's Hand Book of the River Plate. Chapter VI. EDUCATION, LITERATURE, AND RELIGION. The educational facilities of the Argentine Republic are excel- lent, great attention having been paid to this most important sub- ject. There is at present one school for every thousand inhabitants of the country. The United States system of public schools was adopted in the Argentine Republic during the administration of Gen. Sarmiento (1868-1874), and during the administration of Gen. Roca, in 1884, a law was passed making education free and obligatory for all boys and girls between the ages of six and four- teen years. By the same law, a national board of education was created, and the following sums were permanently appropri- ated for its sustenance : Twenty per cent of the sale of all national lands; 50 per cent of the interest of all judicial deposits in the capital of the Republic ; 40 per cent of the real estate tax of the capital, national territories, and colonies; 15 per cent of the munic- ipal revenue of the capital ; the interest produced by the permanent school fund ; the right of enrollment at the rate of $ 1 annually for each pupil; the total of all fines imposed by any competent authority in the capital and territories; the value of all property falling to the public treasury for lack of heirs ; 5 per cent of all successions to collateral inheritances, excepting in the case of brothers; 10 per cent of all inheritances left to strangers, and 10 per cent of all religious donations. In addition to these sums, the national and provincial governments appropriated, in 1889, for the benefit of education, $8,456,104. In that year, the number 63 64 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. of public schools in the Republic was 3,056, instructed by 5,856 teachers (2,322 men and 3,534 women), with an attendance of 259,695 pupils. The number of private schools was 754, served by 2,051 teachers, with an aggregate attendance of 38,842, mak- ing in all 3,810 schools and 298,537 pupils. The annual increase in the number of schools can be judged from the fact that two years previous, in 1887, there were only 2,27 1 public schools in the Republic, which gives an average in- crease of 400 public schools per year. The number of private schools, on the contrary, does not show any increase, but rather a decline in their number (the number of private schools in 1887 was 757) — the best proof that can be given of the efficiency of the public school system, an efficiency also shown by the annual increase in attendance, which is about 50,000 pupils. There are three different degrees of public schools : Schools for children, elementary, and graduated schools, on a plan similar to that adopted in Massachusetts, their course of studies being also similar to the course of studies of the public schools of that State. In 1887, there were thirty-four normal schools in the Republic, of which thirteen were for men, fourteen for women, and seven for both sexes. From the normal schools, are graduated the teachers for the public schools, their course of studies lasting five years. Although some of the public schools are still located in private residences, the great majority of them have buildings constructed at the expense of the national or provincial governments. They have been made after designs of the best school buildings of Europe and North America. In the city of Buenos Aires alone $ 10,000,000 was expended in the construction of school buildings from 1882 to 1888. The higher education, which is free and open to all, begins in the national colleges, of which there are about twenty. The course of studies in the national colleges is so extensive as to cover a ,?;;«riiii5an «i»jrv;W^iH THREE P UBLIC SCHOOLS AT BUENOS AIRES. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. t^ period of six years, during which time the pupil is prepared to enter any of the national universities, where another course of six years must be undergone before graduating as a doctor, lawyer, or engineer. There are no private institutions which confer degrees for the practice of the liberal professions, and all foreign graduates of colleges wishing to practice in the Argentine Republic must submit to an examination in Spanish before the authorities of the universities, which examination must be approved by the said authorities before granting the diploma that authorizes the appli- cant to practice his profession. There are two universities, one in Buenos Aires and the other in the city of Cordoba. Both are divided into three faculties, to wit : Faculty of law, faculty of medicine, and faculty of engineering. Besides the regular annual examinations, the regulations of the two universities demand that, before granting degrees to its stu- dents, these students must pass a final "general examination" of all matters comprised in the course of studies they have undergone, and, also, they must present written essays on a subject relating to the profession they have adopted. By the appointment of efficient professors, the adoption of a comprehensive course of studies, and strict examinations, the National Government manifests its desire that those entering into the exercise of the liberal professions shall be properly prepared for the work demanded of them. During the administration of Gen. Sarmiento, the military and the naval academies were founded, and all the officers of the army and navy graduate from these academies, which are similar to the military and naval academies of the United States. There also exists an academy of military engineers, from which are graduated all the officers who compose the corps of military engineers. In San Juan, there is an academy of mining engineers, and an important school of agriculture, of which there are several in the Republic. There are also a number of schools where boys are taught useful trades, special schools for the deaf and dumb, etc. Bull. 67 5 66 ARGENTINF. REPUBLIC. The activity in the field of literature can be judged from the fact that in the city of Buenos Aires about one thousand new books are published yearly. Of their merits, an idea may also be had from the fact that so many Argentine writers received prizes at the late Paris Exhibition. There are several important literary associations in the Republic, prominent among which is the "Ateneo Nacional," of Buenos Aires, its membership and its aims being similar to those of the "Authors' Club," in New York City. There being no line drawn between the political and literary classes, they may be said to form but one class. All those desiring to figure in public life must begin by showing what they are capable of accomplishing, and the best way to do so is to write on some topic of general interest, deliver a speech, or publish a book. Thus it is that by many the field of literature is trodden only to reach the political arena, which is always open to those who have distinguished themselves through their writings. I Journalism is the most prominent feature of Argentine literary activity, and one that every day increases its influence and betters its quality, owing no doubt to the development of new interests and the liberty which the press has enjoyed. In 1881, only 165 newspapers and reviews were published throughout the country, while in 1890, the number had increasesd to 484, and in 1891, in the city of Buenos Aires alone, 204 newspapers and reviews were published. The best newspapers are of the same size as the American dailies, and their telegraphic service is most complete, publishing every day despatches fi-om all over the world giving the most important news fi-om every country. Their corps of correspondents comprise men of such universal fame as Jules Simon, Camille Flammarion, Jules Claretie, Emilio Castelar, Arsene Houssaye, Perez Galdoz, etc., who send weekly letters on European events, in which, in most cases, they have played a personal part. Although sufficient has been said regarding the diffusion of ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 6? knowledge, it may be well to add a word about the " Argentine Scientific Society," which was founded in 1872 for the purpose of stimulating scientific researches and encouraging the establishment of new industries' The useful propaganda of this association has made itself felt since its establishment, and many good results have come from it. At the end of 1891, the association had over five hundred members and a library with 6,000 volumes. It will soon have a handsome building of its own, showing its prosperous con- dition. Another association which deserves special mention is the "Argen- tine Geographical Institute," the aim of which is the encouragement ot new explorations and the diffusion in general of geographical knowledge. The "Argentine Industrial Society" is another prosperous asso- ciation which has done much good in its line and in the encour- agement of all industrial concerns. It was founded in 1875. The "Argentine Rural Society" exercises great influence in agricultural and pastoral interests, having done much to foster and better these important industries. All these associations publish monthly reviews, in which appear valuable articles written by experts on the subject treated. The "Medical Society," the " Lawyers' Society," the " Engineers' Society," the "Naval Center" and the "Military Center" are also leading associations which publish important monthly reviews. Although the Argentine constitution recognizes the Roman Catholic religion as that of the State, it declares also that all other religions are tolerated and that freedom of conscience is an inalienable right. The State contributes to the support of the Roman Catholic religion, builds churches, pays the priests' salaries, etc., but it controls all ecclesiastical appointments and retains or permits the passage of all decrees of the Holy See. The National Congress has passed laws instituting civil mar- 68 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. riages and prohibiting the teaching of religion in the public schools. Besides several Protestant churches in other parts of the country, there are the following in the city of Buenos Aires : The English E{)iscopal Church, founded in 1831; the Scotch Presbyterian Church, founded in 1838; the German Lutheran Church, founded in 1847, ^^'^ ^^ American Methodist Church, founded in 1870. Through the efforts of the English speaking population, an English hospital has been constructed in Buenos Aires, on which $200,000 has been spent The Germans have also a very good hospital, as well as the French, Italian, and Spanish colonies. There are sixteen Argentine hospitals in Buenos Aires. Chapter VII. CATTLE AND SHEEP RAISING— THE " SALADEROS," EXPORTA- TION OF FROZEN MEATS, ETC. Recent statistics show that there are, in round numbers, 100,000,000 sheep and 30,000,000 cattle in the Argentine Re- public. Regarding the condition of the cattle industry, methods employed, etc., Monsieur Emile Daireaux, author of an important book, " Life and Customs on the River Plate," published in French and Spanish, in 1887, says: Near the cities, and in inclosures of 740 or 1,235 acres, selected animals are grazed, the number of which does not exceed the proportion of one for every 2% acres. The European is surprised to find in the method of breeding so many points of similarity with the methods of his own country. Although the cattle are not especially cared for, on account of the mild cliiiiate, nor is their food especially chosen, yet they have the same appearance as similar cattle grazed in the better pastures in France or England. Here, one finds the characteristic Durhams and Herefords. The cows have big teats, the bulls are robust and finely formed, and the early robustness of the calves reveals their precocity. If one asks the price of these animals, he is surprised to hear that certain bulls, bom in the country, of mothers descended from bulls imported from Europe, have cost from $200 to $300, and that the cows are sold at $40 to $60. These farms are occupied by dairymen, who provide the city with milk and butter, and to whom the sale of the calves constitutes an important item. These dairymen, the great majority of whom are Basques and Bernese, simplify as much as possible the work to be done, and reduce expenses to a minimum. The modern dairy establishments are unknown to them. The cows remain in the open air day and night, summer and winter; nor are they accustomed to be milked at all times, but only after they have been prepared by the calves. These, as soon as they reach the age of 10 months, are sold at a high price, owing to 69 yO ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. the good blood that runs through their veins, which makes them especially adapted to improve the race. Later on, no doubt, the great establishments wiU better regulate the elements at their disposal. \^'ith the help of the railroads, the products, will be concen- trated in the hands of a few merchants ; but at present, there does not exist any intermediary between the producer and the consumer, and the former is obliged to produce and supply at the same time, carrying in person the milk to each of his clients in the city. This naturally prevents him from establishing himself very far from the city, and contributes to augment the rent he pays and the value of the property he occupies. It must be remembered that in a radius of 5 leagues around the city, the farms are rented at from $4 to $5 per acre, and the price of land varies to-day from $80 to $120 per acre. It is well to add here that in the city of Buenos Aires, the modem English dairy company has, in a great measure, replaced the " lech- eros" that formerly provided the city with all its dairy products. Says Monsieur Daireaux: In the same region, there are first-class breeding farms, where all other breeders apply for the animals they require to improve their cattle or flocks. The trans- formation of the cattle of the "pampas" began twenty years ago, and the work has been so successfully carried through that, to-day, it is not rare to find at 100 leagues from Buenos Aires, on lands that have been taken from the Indians within the last ten years, herds of cattle numbering two or three thousand head in which the type of the native cow has completely disappeared, and in which the classic Durham type prevails. One may see, at the district fairs of Rennes and Poitiers, how the breeders of the Argentine prairies could exhibit, with the probability of getting the first prizes, herds of 1,000 Durham oxen or cows, while others could exhibit an equal number of Herefords. The groups of the 6 or 7 oxen that are now exhibited at these fsdrs would be entirely lost sight of, to the great surprise of their owners. And what would these owners say were they told that only one "of the fathers of those animals imported to the Argentine Republic from England had cost there $6,000, and that the price of the average imported bulls coming from the best breeding farms of England and France is from $1,000 to $1,200? The cattle-growers of the prairi?s pay from $ 1 00 to $3 00 for the bulls of mixed bloods, descended from such valuable stock, in order to improve their cattle. Incredible to relate, the result of such mixture, valuable as it is, when sold at wholesale for the market on the "Saladeros," owing to the great supply and small demand, does not exceed $8 or $10 in price for each fat animal, such being the average market price of a steer. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HI Notwithstanding this and other drawbacks, the improvement of the species has progressed to such a degree, that, at the Continental Exhibition held in Buenos Aires in 1881, a cattle-grower presented as a curiosity, an authentic native cow, descended from the Dutch cows introduced by the first settlers, and with all the characteristics communicated to it by the rough life of the " pampas " and three centuries of struggle in the virgin forests. All the visitors were surprised to see this degenerate witness of past generations, and to-day it would no doubt be impossible to find a new example. Monsieur Daireaux then carries the reader to an " Estancia," or ranch, situated in the extreme southwest of the Province of Buenos Aires, on the boundary line of the territorial Government of La Pampa. After twelve hours of railroad and 300 miles of prairie, we reach the "Estan- cia," The property is very large and in its size, may be taken as a model of the average ranch. There are united in one tract, three different lots of 24,710 acres each, under one management. The owner bought this ground of 12 square leagues, for $2,000 the square league, ten years ago, when the region where it is situated was threatened by the Indians, and the State was seeking a purchaser. To-day, anybody would pay that sum for the mere lease of the land, which proves that the price per square league has increased to $24,000. The 74,130 acres are surrounded by a strong wire fence, consisting of fine steel wires, sus- tained every 15 yards by solid posts of hard wood, brought here from the Prov- inces of Entre Rios and Corrientes. The total value of the fence for the 12 square leagues is about $24,000. The precaution of fencing the property is most useful, as it prevents the sheep and cattle from straying into neighboring properties, and reduces the number of men required for their keeping. The property thus fenced is, in its turn, divided by fences, the different spaces being for different cattle, sheep, steers, etc. In the "estancia" we are now visiting, there are 22,000 head of cattle and 60,000 sheep. In the different inclosures protected by wire fences, there are a certain number of cattle and sheep, according to the extent and nature of the pasturage. The cattle are divided into herds and the sheep into flocks, under the charge of one man. The fences have, among their many advantages, that of allowing the owner to breed in one space Durham and in another Hereford cattle. Durhams were the first to be introduced into Australia and the River Plate; yet in the latter country, although it had not been colonized by the English, they found the ground prepared. for them by a coincidence as curious as it is /2 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. little known. It is indeed well known that the Durham stock is ot Dutch origin, and the first cows brought to the River Plate by the Gaes brothers, in the sixteenth century, were also Dutch cows. There is, then, similarity of origin between the noble Durham race and the native cow of the River Plate. In the "estancia" of which we are speaking, there are four hundred Durham cows milked exclusively to sustain a cheese dairy establishment under the manage- ment of several Frenchmen, who divide the profits between them. The sale of the milk is easy, there being little competition, and the profits are good. The other cows are in inclosures containing from four to five thousand in number. If they could be collected in one place, their great numbers would be shown; but wandering in complete freedom in an area of about 9,800 acres, one sees only small groups of them at a time. On very few occasions are the cattle taken to the "rodeo," their place of rendezvous, and they soon forget to go to it of their own accord. The steer represents the true profit of cattle-growers, as it can be sold when it reaches the age of two years if it is fat. The sales begin in October, and the plains that produce the first fat steers are considered, for that alone, to be first class, and are paid for accordingly. The " saladeros," where jerked beef and extract of beef are pre- pared, do a good business. The most important and better known is the one situated in Fray Bentos, in Uruguay, where the Liebig extract of beef is prepared. This establishment is situated on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, but the cattle slaughtered there come in part from the Argentine Provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes. What this company exports [says Monsieur Daireaux"] is in reality 220,000 pounds of extract of beef, 440,000 pounds of tongue and preserved beef in tin cases, and 2,000 or 3,000 tons of grease. They have not yet learned to dispense with their primitive methods. The grease and the hides are the principal articles of export from this as from all the other "saladeros" of the River Plate and Australia. In Fray Bentos, some portions of the animal are separated to make the extract by the compress and evaporation system, and 1 pound of extract is obtained from every 24 pounds of meat. The remaining portions are disposed of as in the other " saladeros ;" the quarters are dried in the sun and are salted to make jerked beef; the greasy parts and the meat not otherwise used are put into the pot and the grease produced exported to Europe. In five minutes the "desolladores" remove the skin from the animal. The ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 73 head, the extremities, and the intestines are put apart. The hides are placed in order, well covered with lime, and are kept thus twenty days before being shipped. The other parts of the animal pass to another department. Here, one man cuts the animal in two and another carries the pieces to a different room, while a thiVd has no other occupation than to clean the floor. The meat is put in the shade, some of it being salted by the old process, while the rest is used to make the extract. Both portions pass first to the "charquea- dores." The meat to be made into jerked beef is separated from the bones, cut into large portions, and placed immediately in an apparatus where it receives a bath of brine; afterwards, it is taken to the salting department. On a heavy layer of salt, is placed a portion of meat, and on top of this another, until the pile reaches a height of nearly 1 2 feet, each portion of meat being separated from the rest by a layer of salt. Each pile has zoo,ooo pounds of meat. At the end of twenty-four hours, the pile is taken down and made up again, so that the por- tions that were in the bottom now occupy the upper place. Afterwards, the different portions are placed in the sun during forty days, at the end of which time they are ready to be exported to Havana and Brazil. This operation is performed in all the " saladeros," but in this oiie, the making of the Liebig extract of beef and the placing of conserved tongues in tin cases is also done. To make the extract, the meat is placed in great pots, from which the juice of the meat is extracted by means of steam. This juice passes to the evaporating apparatus and immediately afterwards to the distillery apparatus ; heated to a high temperature, it passes afterwards to a condenser, where it is reduced to a paste. By this process each steer produces 8 pounds of extract. The Liebig Company exports yearly about $15,000,000 worth of its products. In 1891, the "saladeros" of the River Plate slaughtered altogether 1,521,100 head of cattle, of which 369,300 were used to make extract of beef and 1,151,100 to make jerked beef, which was exported to Spain, Cuba, and Brazil. Regarding the conditions of the sheep-growing industry. Mon- sieur Daireaux says : The importation of fine rams into the Argentine Republic was, twenty-five years ago, a very complicated and costly affair, but with the advent of regular steamship' communication it has improved a great deal in every respect. All the steamers that leave Europe carry many fine rams and sheep to Buenos Aires. From Rambouillet, are imported the greater number; and the merino of Ram- 74 ' ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. bouiliet origin has always pleased the Argentine breeders, on account of its height and its great production of wool. The Negrettis are also in high favor, but not so much as the Rambouillets. Yet it is said that a breeder offered $10,000 for a Negretti born in the country, and the offer was refused. South- downs and Lincolns have also been im{5orted in great numbers. The system in use is that of progressive flocks. Some farms have flocks of pure blood, which they reproduce by importing new rams of the same class, to infuse new blood into the flock. The rams born in the country are mixed with native sheep, the result of this mixture being sold at auction to other breeders, the rams of the most noted farms obtaining the best prices. With these rams, the other breeders constitute a small and selected flock, for the purpose of producing rams for the rest of their flocks. These rams are brought up in the open air, so that they may become accustomed to the life they will lead when mixed with their flocks. Twenty-live years of this process has sufficed to transform the native sheep in such a manner that it has entirely disappeared. In 1888, there were 385,000 sheep and rams of pure blood in the Argentine Republic. As a proof of the rapid improvement of the sheep-growing industry the following figures may be of interest : I n 1 832, only 934,560 pounds of wool were exported. I n 1 840, the exportation of wool was 3,541,230 pounds. Ten years later, it was 1 6,898,3 1 o pounds. I n 1 860, it had increased to 37,400,000 pounds; in 1870, to 143,000,000 pounds; in 1875, to 198,000,000 pounds, and in 1886, the exportation of wool amounted to 290,040,000 pounds and that of sheepskins to 77,000,000 pounds. In 1892, the wool product was estimated to.be worth $39,000,000. Monsieur Daireaux describes a sheep-growing estancia or farm in the following manner: The estancia comprises all the necessary buildings. The open yard that the puestero requires for his flock is here replaced by covered yards, where fine sheep and rams are kept in proportion to the importance of the estancia. The yards are numerous, and in them, are kept the difl^erent grades of sheep and rams, from those of the purest to those of mixed blood. There are also yards for other uses. Farther on, are the shearing yards. Around these, are the bathing ponds where, after being sheared, the sheep are dipped in a solution of water and arsenic to be cured of the mange. If they are well bathed, the itch disapoears ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. nC but if this is not the case, then they must be bathed again in February or March although by this time the fleece has usually grown so much as to make it neces- sary for the remedy to be applied by hand. From lo to 20, and sometimes as many as 100 shearers, are engaged in this work. The sheep, with their four legs tied together, are laid on the floor, where they are sheared. The fleece remains on the ground, and is carried by an assistant to another man who ties it up. Shearers get from zo to 25 cents for every sheep they shear and some of them earn $5 a day. ' They are all natives. Twenty-five years ago, great areas of land could be bought for insignificant sums, but the increase of cattle and sheep and of the lands devoted to agricultural pursuits has increased to such an extent the value of land, especially good land, that to-day, the annual leasing of the land is higher than the price of purchase then. The best and most important lands, situated in the north, near the city of Buenos Aires, crossed by railroad and by the Parani River, cost to-day from $160,000 to $500,000 the square league -of 6,178 acres, or $32.80 to $48.57 per acre, and the renting of 494 acres necessary for a flock of 2,000 sheep is $600 per year, or $1.21 per acre. It is necessary to go farther,' in the direction of the west and south, to find lands at a cheaper rate. In the north, lands that cost from $20,000 to $60,000 per league can be here rented from $4,000 to $5,000 and $20,000 per league. Farther on, fertile lands may be had for $6,000 or $8,000 per square league, in which 2,000 head of cattle and 8,000 sheep can be located. In general, a sheep produces per year as much as it is worth ; that is to say, a sheep that costs $1 produces $1 of profit per year. The land it occupies and the care it needs represent 50 cents per year. The following figures show the calculations of the owner of a • flock of 2,000 sheep : Expenses : Dollars. Renting of the land 600 Interest of capital invested (10,000 francs) 200 Care of the sheep 160 Shearing and transportation of wool 50 1,010 Income : == Eighteen arrobas of 25 pounds each of wool for every 100 sheep, at $14 per hundred weight I> 260 Annual increase in the flock 500 Sales 400 2, 160 76 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Latterly, the exportation of frozen meat has acquired consider- able importance. One of the first houses to engage in this business was that of G. Sansinena & Co., which has spent over $12,000,000 in the establishment of the necessary storage, sale markets, etc., in Buenos Aires, Liverpool, London, and Glasgow. It has also introduced Argentine meat into Paris and has a storage house in Havre, from which place the meat is taken to Paris in special wagons. Several other companies are engaged in the same business, and in 1891, the River Plate Fresh Meat Company (limited) exported 498,237 frozen sheep and 2,080 frozen steers. La Negra Company exported 401,844 frozen sheep and 2,058 steers. The Nelson River Plate Meat Company (limited) exported 334,125 frozen sheep. This shows that these companies exported in all 1,234,206 frozen sheep. All these companies, as well as G. Sansinena & Co., export also live catde and sheep, but in less quantity. Several European governments, especially those of France and Italy, have begun to buy Argentine horses for the use of their armies. The Argentine Republic has passed a law granting a bounty on the export of dressed beef It is in the form of a guarantee of 5 per cent for ten years on the capital of companies formed for that purpose, the total capital for such companies being limited to $8,000,000 in gold. Under the regulations, the entire amount to be guaranteed must not exceed $8,000,000 of national money. Parties applying for the guarantee for any particular establishment must give full de- tails as to owners, the form of operation, the amount invested, the quantity of meat it is proposed to export annually, estimates of cost per ton, etc. All applications for the benefit of the law must be made to the Minister of Finance. The largest amount of cap- ital guaranteed in any one establishment will be $ i ,000,000, and the smallest amount $500,000. When two or more parties from ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 77 the same district ask for the guarantee, the wants and particular circumstances of the district will be taken into account, in order to make the privilege as extensive as possible. When an appli- cation is granted, the petitioners must deposit the sum of $5,000 in the national bank, as an evidence of good faith on their part All establishments must present a quarterly account of operations, and a board of inspection is appointed to supervise them. Most of the establishments which export frozen meat have availed themselves of the provisions of this law. Chapter VIII. AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY, EXPORTS OF CEREALS, VALUE OF LAND, ETC. The agricultural industry is of recent growth in the Argentine Republic, which, up to the year 1870, imported nearly all the flour it needed from Chile. During the Paraguayan war, the Argentine farmers found a good market for their products, and when the war was over, it was discovered that the supply was sufficient to satisfy the demand of the whole region of the River Plate. This con- dition of affairs lasted for about ten years, at the end of which time the country began to export considerable quantities of cereals to Europe, till in 1891, the exports of wheat amounted to ^_(.8,ooo tons, those of maize to 700,000 tons, those of linseed to 40,000 tons, and those of hay to 30,000 tons. Nine years before, in 1878, the total exportation of wheat, flour, maize, barley, linseed, potatoes, and lucerne was only 14,130,314 pounds. Comparing the figures of 1878 and 1891, the great increase in the exportation of cereals in so short a time is plainly shown. In 1892, there were under cultivation 8,200,000 acres of land which is only 3.7 per cent of the total area of the Republic. Re- membering that the area of the small Province of Tucuman alone is 10,000 square miles, an idea can be formed of the vast amount of fertile land that was then, and to a great extent is yet, available for agricultural pursuits. It has already been seen that in all the Provinces and national territories, more or less land is under cultivation, showing that 78 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 79 everywhere the people take a lively interest in fostering this im- portant industry. The date of sewing the seed and securing the harvest varies in the different Provinces and territories, owing to the variation of their climates, brought about by their geographical situation and physical configuration. In the most noted agricultural Provinces — Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, and Santa Fe — the wheat, barley, and oats are sown from May to July, the maize from September to November, the lucerne in April, May, September, and October. The wheat, oat, and barley crops are harvested in December and January, the maize crop in February and April, and the lucerne crop from November to April. The time of planting the sugar cane, which is grown in San- tiago, Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy, and the territorial governments of El Chaco, Formosa, and Misiones, is from July to October, and of the harvesting, from June to October of the following year. Rice is sown in September and October, and is gathered from March to May. The mandioca is sown in June, and gathered in April and May. The soil, which has not yet lost much of its natural phosphates, generally yields abundant crops, especially if the rains have neither been scarce nor excessive. The following figures show the average yield of the soil per acre : Pounds. Wheat 990 Maize, thrashed 2, 700 Linseed 72° Rice, unthrashed 2, 700 Rice, thrashed 1,35° Potatoes 10, 800 Pounds. Tobacco 765 Sugar cane 40, 500 Dry lucerne 22,500 Vetch I, 080 Haricots 1. 080 Chick-peas I, 080 The following figures show the average prices in 1888, in the city of Buenos Aires, at which some agricultural products were sold: Lucerne i- 12 Barley i- 27 Linseed 2. 40 Maize i-40 [Per hundredweight.l Dollars. Dollars. Turnip seeds 2.18 Wheat 2.09 Bran i- 1° Flour 4-50 8o ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The price of land varies in the different Provinces, and even in the same Province, according to location. Thus, in the depart- ment of Patagones, in the extreme southwest of the Province of Buenos Aires, the average price of an acre of land was, in 1888, $1.62, while in the department of Barracas al Sud, separated from the city of Buenos Aires by the Riachuelo, the average price was $1.84 per acre. In many departments, land' can be acquired at the rate of 40 cents per acre, and even less. In the Province of Santa Fe, land is cheaper than in the Province of Buenos Aires. Near the city of Santa Fe, good land can be acquired at the rate of 81 cents per acre, while in the department of Rosario, the price rises to $600 per acre. In the Province of Entre Rios, blessed with the most fertile soil of the Republic and a perfect river system, land is cheap, scarcely exceeding the price of $20 per acre. In the Province of Corrientes, land is also cheap, and the soil of this Province is also good. The average price is $8.10 per acre. In the Provinces of Cordova and Tucuman, land is dearer than in Corrientes, while it is much cheaper in Santiago, San Luis, and the Andine Provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, La Rioja, Catamarca, and the territorial governments. The present state of agricultural prosperity has not been reached without encountering many obstacles, which it has taken time and energy to overcome. In this respect, it will be of interest to quote again from Monsieur Daireaux's book : In 1854, the young Republic took from the United States its fiindamental charter, already tried by half a century of constant prosperity. Gen. Urquiza was at the head of the Government, and was the first to conceive the plan of contracting in Europe for agricultural colonists to cultivate his extensive per- sonal possessions. In the beginning, he helped them with his own private means and established them in fertile lands, which he sold them at very low prices. These first colonists, who came from Switzerland, Savoy, and Berne, estab- lished themselves on the banks of the Uruguay River, where they founded the first agricultural colonies. The name of "colony" is justified by its organiza- ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 8l tion. These colonies have been established little by little, their population being composed of a decided majority of foreigners, which makes them in truth foreign colonies within Argentine territory. In the beginning, these colonies were founded by the provincial governments, following the example of Gen. Urquiza. To-day, they are founded also by owners of great areas of land, who divide it into equal portions and offer it for sale. This system, however, did not meet with success for many years, and remained in its experimental stage from 1854 to 1870. The difhculties to be overcome were numerous. At first sight, it would seem an easy matter to find in Europe men not satisfied with their condition, and willing to go to a healthy country and to establish themselves in the midst of fertile lands which do not require any preparatory work to be put under cultiva- tion and offer no resistance to the passage of the plow, enriched, too, by three centuries of usage as grazing land for cattle and sheep. Yet it was difficult to carry out the plan proposed. It was found almost impossible to divert the cur- rent of European immigration toward the Argentine Republic, whose name was then entirely unknown in Europe, while the name of Buenos Aires only served to remind Europeans of the recent outrages committed by Rosas. At that time, no steamers were running between European and Argentine ports nor were even the great rivers of Argentine navigated with regularity, and not a mile of railroad had been built. In the United States, on the other hand, there were already in operation 10,800 miles of railroad lines. And lastly, from the beginning it was shown that the creation of agricultural colonies demanded considerable outlay of money, and that was scarce, and might be lost by the failure of the crop. Only land abounded, but not the class of land that had attracted the first settlers of California and had yielded the capital required for the establishment of the first agricultural centers in that State. In Argentine, in order to raise any capital, it would have been necessary to sell many sheep at 60 cents a head (the price they brought in 1869) and great numbers of steers at from $3 to $4 each. It was, then, necessary for the colonies to be created by themselves, to extract from the earth, by the help of the plow, the capital required for their establishment and maintenance, which no one could give. It is greatly to their credit that they have been able to get out of so vicious a circle after so many years of struggle. Within a few miles of the city of Santa F6, and near the place where Sebastian Cabot, a European navigator, landed for the first time in 1525, the first colony was established by Swiss and French immigrants in the year 1854. True to its name, "Esperanza" (hope), it has realized every expectation, and the name is now In object of veneration throughout the country. After thirty years, the Bull. 67 6 82 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. colony has seen grow up in its neighborhood as many other colonies as the number of its primitive inhabitants. The newer colonies have been the natural outgrowth of the first ones. The first immigrants that settled, after achieving the success they deserved, advised their countrymen beyond the sea to join them ; and, thanks to this natural propa- ganda, numerous immigrants have swelled the number each year, the new arrivals finding everything prepared for them, and having no more to do than accept the help offered them and begin work under the most favorable circumstances. On his arrival in this vast region, which was almost deserted twenty years ago, but which since that time has been laid out every day with new agricul- tural farms, the immigrant always finds awaiting him a good opportunity of carrying into effect his good intentions. The population is too small in propor- tion to the new undertakings that spring up every day, and the newcomer, brought over by the desire of founding a home of his own, sees the possibility of making a fortune. Indeed, the only thing dear in this promising land is labor. By an anomaly which is explained by the facility of producing, the necessaries of life, which can already be had at cheaper rates than elsewhere, reduce their prices with the increase of population, as the increase in population means always an increase in the production. Thus, the price of meat, after fluctuating a little, has returned to what it was a century ago, which does not exceed 4 cents per pound when it is dear. High wages and cheap necessaries of life are the two elements which help to bring the immigrant nearer to the realization of his dreams. Association with other colonists is another means of helping him to acquire the land he requires. The system of association has, from time immemorial, been practiced in all rural undertakings in the Argentine Republic. The cattle-owner has always applied it in his relations with his cooperators, and it is rare to find men em- ployed at any given monthly sum ; everywhere, the simple method of association prevails. The proprietor offers his land, the means to till it, the seeds, a house for the workman and his family, the members of which offer in return their labor and receive one-third, one-fourth, or one-half of the products, according to the contract made. All owners of colonies follow this plan, as they usually possess more land than they can cultivate ; and instead of having recourse to daily paid labor, prefer to associate with themselves the poor man, who has just landed, and who is taken under their care and given all the advantages possible to become in his turn, after n few years of earnest work, an owner of land. The extent of cultivated territory increases so rapidly that everywhere laborers are needed. As far back as 1883, there were employed over 160,000 men to ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. g'? secure the harvest in a region of a normal population of 60,000 inhabitants, while the population of the rest of the Province of Santa F^ amounted to only 200,000. The want of farm hands increases every year. Although the rural population is three times greater now than four years ago, it is necessary, in order to reap ev,ery new harvest, to import a great quantity of modern reaping machines. Eight thousand and eighty-nine of these machines have been imported during a single year, making, with the number imported before, a total value of $1,400,000. , Ten per cent of these machines come from the United States, while the remain- ing 90 per cent are obtained from England, although there is not one American or English farm hand. In 1881, a French Vierzon machine was exhibited at the Continental Exposition of Buenos Aires, and obtained the first prize; but the proverbial commercial audacity of the French remained satisfied with this dem- onstration; the English have continued to supply all the necessary machines, almost without competition, although the French machines have already beaten the English in all rural fairs. Perhaps some doubt is entertained regarding the ability of the colonists to satisfy their obligations. But, do not these farmers deserve to be trusted after having cultivated, in 1887, 174,000 acres of land, producing 9,188,000 bushels of wheat and 21,000 tons of linseed, and obtaining more than $6,000,000 of net profits, which, after paying all expenses, gives a yearly increase of $60 in the fortune of each inhabitant, to which must also be added the increase in the value of the cultivated and surrounding land? It is curious to show the increase in the cultivated territory of the Province of Santa F6 during the last thirty years, since the new colony was founded. Year. 1856 1864 1874 1880 1884 1886 1887 Colonies. I 4 32 51 85 105 122 Inhabitants, 1,040 2, 279 15,570 40, 789 68, 876 80, 000 120, 000 Cultivated area. Acres. 400 2, 000 12, 900 49, 000 86, 000 200, 000 239, 000 It is important to add here that in 1891, there were 260 colonies, covering an area of 1,400,000 acres, of which 470,000 acres were cultivated, a number of colonies and quantity of cultivated land 84 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. double those of 1887. ^^ ^^ ^1^° interesting to note the increase in the number of agricultural implements used from 1887 to 1891 : Implements. i8«7. 1891. Four-wheeled carts Single and double plows . . Reaping machines Plowshares Steam thrashing machines . 19, 500 24. 369 5.225 15. 708 391 36,415 4°, 317 8,000 28, 300 805 In proportion to their relative population, there were used in Santa Fe, in 1891, a number of steam thrashing machines eleven times greater than those used in France, and a number of reaping machines eight times greater than in that country. In 1887, the value of the crop was only $16,000,000, while in 1891, it was $30,000,000, an amount which, if divided among all the inhabitants of the Province, would make each one of them $100 better off. A wonderful result indeed. Remembering, then, that for 1891, all of Monsieur Daireaux's figures must be multiplied by two, and that the increase in the production since 1891 has continued in the same proportion as before, let us now quote again from Monsieur Daireaux's book : The production has increased in a greater proportion than the cultivated ter- ritory, and is calculated to be worth $16,000,000 in 1887. Nearly all of it is exported to Europe and to the other Provinces of the Republic. In 1870, while the agricultural exports of Santa Fe were worth only $300,000, in 1887, they had increased in value to $10,000,000. This sum, quite insignificant when compared with the production of other countries, is very important if considered in its true light; that is, as a point of departure, and attention is paid to the yearly increase in the cultivated area, as well as to the increase in the capital employed annually to develop this industry. In this respect it is well to state that the actual cultivated area of the important Province of Buenos Aires is even greater than that of Santa Fe; and the combined cultivated area of the Prov- inces of Entre Rios and Cordoba, without mentioning other Provinces and territories, is also equal to that of Santa Fe. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 8C A better idea can be had, however, of the increase in the agri- cultural production of the country by referring to statistics, which show that the total exports of cereals for the year 1886 amounted to only $8,000,000, while those for 1890 amounted to $25,000,000. The home consumption had also increased considerably from l886 to 1890. Up to 1891, the imports had always exceeded the exports, but owing to the increase in the exports of cereals and some other pro- ducts in 1891, the exports exceeded the imports by $28,000,000; and during the first three months of the year 1892, according to the returns of the Buenos Aires custom-house, the excess of exports over imports was $13,000,000; showing that this most favorable condition would increase instead of decrease. Regarding the conditions of life of farmers in Europe and in the Argentine Republic, methods employed, etc.. Monsieur Dai- reaux says : The Argentine farmer difFers entirely from his European brother, and to this must be attributed the success of the former, who has no ambition to live exclusively on the products of his own land ; but, on the contrary, considers his land and his labor a mere commercial venture, and is ready at any moment to sell his property if offered a good price for it. Above all, he is not anxious to increase his labor, leaving such ideas to the traditional fanatics of the French agricultural regions. He has, indeed, reduced his labor to a considerable extent. He is unacquainted with the French division of land in small portions widely separated from each other, which is one of the principal causes of the ruin of French agriculture ; his house is in the midst of his land, and he grows but one class of grain on his farm of 125 or 250 acres. While one farmer grows wheat, another grows maize, another barley, and another flax, etc. In a word, the farmer works like a busi- ness man, seeking to make his business pay. In this manner, he obtains better results than the French farmer, and is able, besides, to dedicate most of his time to rest and study. To understand what follows from Monsieur Daireaux, it is necessary to remember that in the Southern Hemisphere the seasons of the year are precisely opposite to those of the Northern Hemi- 86 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. sphere. Thus, in the Argentine Republic, the spring comprises September, October, and November; the summer, December, January, and February ; the autumn, March, April, and May ; and the winter, June, July, and August. In autumn, the Argentine farmer prepares his land. The rich nature of the soil makes this operation an easy one, being reduced to a few turns of the plow to prepare it, a difficult and costly operation not being at all necessary. Two months suffice to do this and to sow the seed. He spends the winter in those mild regions, where it never snows, in looking after his garden pot herbs, and his oxen, horses, etc. In the spring, nature works for him. At last, summer arrives, or at least is near, because in the month of Novem- ber, which corresponds to the month of May in the Northern Hemisphere, the wheat commences to get yellow, and it is time to prepare the reaping machines. It might be said that the murmur of the ripe ears of corn and wheat calls the farmer from his tranquil life. So it happened in times gone by, when the farmer had to reap with his own hands and was forced to lose most of the harvest for lack of laborers. To-day, things have changed. The farmer who finds it impossible to buy the machine or machines he requires, makes an agreement with one of the many contractors of the district who, in a week, reaps the harvest, thrashes it, and leaves it ready to be exported, sometimes even buvys it himself; so that the farmer has only to exchange his crop for a check and the business is done. The bands of men who do the work of reaping and thrashing the harvest are generally composed of Italians, who come from Lombardy, attracted by the high wages that are paid. They embark at Genoa in August or September. The French and Italian steamers bring from 1,000 to 1,200 of these men on each trip, who reach Buenos Aires after a voyage of twenty or twenty-five days. Once there, they find out where it is best for them to go. Some take the steamers to Santa Fi and Entre Rios, others go by train to the agricultural regions of the Province of Buenos Aires. During the months of November, December, January, and February, their services are engaged at extremely high prices in the region that extends from the twenty-seventh to the fortieth degree of south latitude. These four months of continuous work, first in one place and then in another, where they receive wages that vary from 12 to 18 francs per day, and are well fed at the cost of -he land-owner, satisfy the ambition of some of them. These, after the work is over, return to their own country, where they show with pride the gold they have earned while Europe had been covered with the snows of winter. They arrive in their native country at preciselv the time when their labor is needed, and ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 8? after their work is done, they return to the Southern Hemisphere. Every year, they see upon their arrival howr much more land is under cultivation, and how rapidly the conquest of the prairies goes on in a country which, as yet, has never received more than 1 10,000 immigrants per year. [In 1889 the number of immigrants who arrived in the Argentine Republic reached the enormous figure of 300,000.] The single Province of Santa Fe, called with reason the "wheat region," besides the 1,482,600 acres under cultivation in 1887, has more than that number already divided into lots and ready for the action of the plow, besides 17,300,000 acres occupied as yet by cattle and sheep growers — a most fertile land and exceptionally adapted for cultivation. It should be stated that since M. Daireaux's book was written, there has been a change in the condition and profits of labor and the rates of wages. A special report to the British Foreign Office, November 20, 1892, says: The material condition of the working classes in the Argentine Republic can not be said, to be satisfactory at the present time. The cost of living in the towns is very dear as regards rent and imported articles, cheap as regards actual meat and necessary food. In the country, living is exceedingly cheap and bad. Wages are low on the whole, and there is but little demand for labor, though there is no absolute want of demand and an excess of supply, as during 1891. The decline of the gold premium has already increased the wages of the working classes in gold some 25 per cent. It is hoped that the decline of the premium will continue, thereby benefiting the working classes, both by enabling them to buy imported articles more cheaply and by increasing the gold value of any savings they may accumulate, and the purchasing power of every paper dollar thev earn. It must, however, not be forgotten that prices of provisions, etc., having risen a good deal in paper dollars in the last two years, the cost of all living will gradually increase, as prices in paper are not likely to fall to their original figures. In the Argentine Republic, foreign labor of every kind enjoys complete liberty, and is welcomed, as the benefit conferred by it is acknowledged by everyone, and its necessity is self-evident. With regard to the law encouraging agricultural colonies, a great many of which the National Government has established in the different territorial governments and in the Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Rios, and Cordoba, and also with regard to the facility for acquiring land for such purposes, it is of interest to reproduce here a chapter dedicated to this subject, taken from a work entitled 88 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. "Geographical and Statistical Description of the Province of Santa Fe," written in Spanish and French (fourth edition, 1886), by Don Gabriel Carrasco: No other country in the world offers better facilities [says SeSor Carrasco], for the acquisition of land than the Argentine Republic ; and the Province of Santa Fe is in this respect the most liberal of all the Provinces of the Republic. The National constitution gives to each inhabitant, native or foreign, the right to possess, buy, and sell all kinds of property. The laws facilitate the acquisition of land for those wishing to cultivate it. Numerous colonization societies have been founded, with a view to furnishing colonists not only with ample land for the most extensive cultivations, but also with implements of labor, seeds, domestic animals, and even food, all to be paid for in three, four, or five years, with the products of the soil. The single Province of Santa F6 has passed numerous laws donating lands for the establishment of colonies, and, now, when these colonies are in a most pros- perous condition, it leaves to individual effort the easy task of establishing other colonies. The Federal Government, which, as it is richer than the provincial govern- ments, has also been more liberal, and has given not only lands gratis, but has also advanced to each colonist capital to the extent of $1,000, in oxen, instru- ments of labor, and food to be paid back in five years. The following articles of the immigration and colonization law of 1876 prove our assertion. Art. 85. The first hundred colonists of each section having families will receive gratis each one of them a lot of 247 acres of land. Art. 86. The remaining lots wiU be sold at the rate of 80 cents per acre, payable in ten annuities, the first payment to be made at the expiration of the second year. Art. 88. The colonists wiU have the right to the following advantages. First. To have their passage paid from the port of embarkation to their place of destiny. Second. To be furnished, at least for one year, with dwellings, food, labor, domestic animals, seeds, and agricultural implements. These advances will never exceed the amount of $1,000 for each colonist, and must be paid back in five annual installments, the first payment to be made at the expiration of the third year. Art. 92. The sale and donation of land for agricultural purposes will be made upon the condition that the land shall be inhabited and cultivated for at least two consecutive years. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 8q As can be seen, this r.ational law could not be more liberal nor better calcu- lated to promote immigration and facilitate the acquisition of land. It has onek hundred and twenty-eight articles, and concedes to every private corporation wishing to establish colonies the same liberties that are granted to the colonists. But these are not the only laws for the protection of immigrants. The following is a law passed by the Province of Santa F6, exempting the colonists from payment of all direct taxes : AnT. 1. All the agricultural colonies established or that may be established in the Province, either in lands belonging to the Province or to private individuals, are exempted from the payment of all direct taxes for the term of three years; this exemption embraces the colonies established, or to be erstablished in Rosario, within Guardia de la Esquina and Meleucui, in San Geronimo, within Canada de Gomez, Totoras y Saladas, within Sance and Prusianas, and in San Jose up to Helvecia. Art. 2. The colonies established, or to be established outside of these limits, will be exempted from the same obligations and from the payment of any duty upon their products for the term of five years. Art. 3. These concessions do not prevent the payment of municipal taxes that may be agreed upon by the colonists themselves for the common benefit. It will be asked now, what result has been produced by these laws ? The most surprising and the most pleasing results, as we shall see. They have increased tenfold the population of the Province in thirty-four years, from 1 849 to 1883. They have increased eightfold the revenue of the Province in twenty- three years, from i860 to 1883. They have increased five times the number of towns and villages of the Province in thirteen years, from 1869 to 1882. In twenty years, from 1865 to 1885, they have increased six times the revenue the Province produces for the nation. And, lastly, it is due to these liberal laws that the Province has acquired the rank it occupies in the production of grains, which has given it a just reputation at home and abroad as a progressive and hard-working Province." The example set by Santa Fe has been followed by the Provinces of Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, and Cordoba, all of which have passed very liberal laws favoring agricultural settlements, going so far as to concede a reduction in the railroad freights for the products of agricultural colonies. All these laws demand that the land be divided in lots and sold to the colonists on easy terms. The orig- inal land owners must also provide the colonists at first with the necessary instruments of labor. Those land owners not wishing go ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. to sell their land in lots generally enter into an agreement with *the laboring men by which the former furnish land and implements of agriculture in return for the manual labor of the latter, the pro- duct being divided between the owners and the tillers of the land. The British consul at Buenos Aires, in a report of November 20, 1892, says: The question of Jewish immigration is one of great interest, and ie entirely a new question, which first attracted attention in 1891 from Baron Hirsch's benevo- lent scheme for settling European Jews on colonies in foreign lands. This Re- public has been selected as the field for this new enterprise, and large tracts of land have been bought, on which Jewish families are being gradually settled by Lieut. -Col. Goldsmid, now Baron Hirsch's representative in this country. At first, the Jewish colonization scheme raised great discussion as to the advisability of permitting this Jewish immigration on political and social grounds ; but at present, it has been left entirely free, the Government having, it is stated, the right by special legislation to stop such immigration should it consider it neces- sary. The progress of this colonization scheme should be one of great interest to those European nations whose populations emigrate to the Argentine Republic. The Jewish colonist starts here with great advantages, and is subsidized until such time as his crops enable him to pay back a portion of his debt to the Jewish Coloni- zation Association. It seems doubtfol if the Jews can be successful agriculturists. A large portion of the arrivals here were not agricultural laborers, but often small trades people. Many of them, unfit for colonization, have been sent back to Europe; others, finding that hard manual work was expected of them, returned there voluntarily. To offer an opinion on the probability of their success is impossible at present, as the colonies are only just getting into working order. ARGENTINE CROPS IN 1 892. Mr. Fliess, who is an authority on such matters, has compiled the following tables, from which can be gathered a very fair esti- mate of the crops of the Argentine Republic for 1892: Crop. Quantity. Value. Wheat Tr-ns. I, 130, 000 968,000 49, 000 54,000 Dollars. 45, 220, 000 14, 650, 000 1,490,000 2, 160, 000 garley Linseed ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, 91 Crop. Quantity. Value. Alfalfa Tons. 5, 805,000 43-000 150, 000 5,500 3, 200 Dollars. 57, 220, 000 3, 840, 000 7, 810, 000 4, 000, 000 420, 000 8, 820 Tobacco Rice Total 8, 207, 700 145, 630, 000 Mr. Fliess gives the area under cultivation in the several Prov- inces as follows : Provinces. Wheat. Maize. All crops. Buenos Aires Santa F6 Cordoba .... Entre Rios . . Mendoza .... San J uan . . . . Tucuman. . . . Corrientes. . . San Luis .... Catamarca. . . Salta Rioja Santiago Juj"y Chaco, etc Total.. Acres. 810, 000 I, 320, 000 435. 000 325, 000 30, 000 45, 000 4,000 1,000 16, 000 3, 000 17, 000 15,000 1,000 10, 000 4, 000 Acres. r, i8o, 000 140, 000 280, 000 120, 000 75, 000 25, 000 50, 000 70, 000 15, 000 8,000 35,000 22, 000 7, 000 20, 000 15,000 Acres. 2, 750, 000 I, 980, 000 I, 700, 000 760, 000 500, 000 300, 000 140, 000 120, 000 150,000 115,000 105, 000 60, 000 60, 000 50, 000 50,000 3, 006, 000 3, 062, 000 8, 840, 000 The area under grain cultivation in various countries compares as follows : United Kingdom 28 France 97 Germany 74 Russia 190 Austria 100 Italy 70 Spain 102 Sweden 80 Norway 25 Denmark 150 United States 222 Canada .' i35 Australia 125 Argentina ^55 It appears, therefore, that Argentina comes next after Russia for acreage of grain crops compared with the number of inhabitants. 92 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Mr. Fliess states the area and product of the principal crops in a number of Provinces thus : Area. Quantity. Area. Quantity. Santa F6— Wheat A ores. • I, 320, 000 140,000 5, 000 50,000 465,000 Tons. 507,000 50,000 6,000 500, 000 Mendoza — Wheat Maize Alfalfa Grapes Sundries Total San Juan — Wheat Maize Alfalfa Grapes Sundries Total Tucuman — Wheat Maize Sugar cane . . . Tobacco Rice Acres. 30,000 75,000 310,000 23, 000 62,000 Ttna, 15,000 60, 000 Barley Alfalfa . I, 250, 000 Total 1,980,000 500,000 Cordoba — Wheat 435.000 280,000 37.000 470,000 I, 500 476, coo 107,000 167,000 15.000 I, 885, 000 15,000 25,000 190,000 22,000 48,000 15,000 32, 000 850,000 Maize Barlfey Alfalfa Grapes Sundries 300,000 Total 1, 699, 500 4,000 50,000 54.000 5,000 2, 500 24,500 Entre Rios — Wheat 325, 000 120,000 60,000 3,5bo 251, 500 116, 000 25,000 50,000 1,500 40,000 670, 000 3,000 Maize Alfalfa Grapes Sundries Sundries Total Total 760,000 140,000 Chapter IX. MANUFACTURES AND OTHER INDUSTRIES. La Prensa, a newspaper of Buenos Aires, supplies its readers at the end of every year with an exhaustive poHtical and economic review, in which are recorded the progress of the country and all the events of the year. The number of January i, 1893, contains an industrial review, the author of which is Seiior Helguefa, member of the firm of Goyoaga & Co., brokers of national prod- ucts. From this review, most of the information which will be given in this chapter has been taken. Seiior Helguera says: The increase in the production of the country during the last three years has been so great that it demonstrates beyond a doubt the great economic capacity of this country, destined to become, in the near future, a powerful nation. Its extensive territory permits the coming of people from every clime, counting, as it does, every zone, from the cold or semifrozen to the tropical zone. It can be said, without hesitation, that within the frontiers of the Argentine Republic, can be obtained all the products of the animal and vegetable kingdoms, while the products of the mineral kingdom are not less valuable. The truth of the asser- tion can be gathered from statements showing the production of the country, which are published below. Without belittling the progress made by the pastoral industry, which for the last thirty years has been considered the most important source of production of the country, the agricultural industry deserves also to be especially mentioned, as it has furnished abundant raw material, thus permitting the manufacturing industry to acquire extraordinary proportions. In fact, is there any other country which, in the short space of fifteen years, has witnessed the transformation obtained in this country ? It is only necessary 93 94 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. to look at the statistics of international commerce for the years 1875 to 1892 to obtain the proof of this remarkable transformation. Thus we see that the exports of 1875 were limited to hides, wool, grease, jerked beef, and other minor products of the pastoral industry, while the imports comprised even the most rudimentary articles belonging to the manufacturing industry, plainly showing the incapacity of this country to produce, at that time, anything beyond the products of the pastoral industry. The statistics for the year 1892 show a very different state of affairs. In the column of exports, appear a great many articles which before were in the column of imports, while from the latter, have disappeared a great many articles which before figured conspicuously in it. All this eloquently shows the progress made by the country in the short space above cited. Of the importance of the products, their class, quality, and variety, the reader can form an idea by study- ing with care the long list of products now manufactured in this country, which is given below. It will be seem that few are the branches of human activity which are not represented in this new period of industrial progress. From the moment the first symptoms of the crisis began to make themselves felt, in 1889, we were the first to proclaim, in the pages of La Prensa, the advent of an industrial period, which would, in the end, save the country from the disastrous effects of the crisis. The great number of manufacturing establish- ments which have been founded since then has demonstrated the truth of our prediction. In fact, statistics show that the industrial production is worth more now than the production of the agricultural and grazing industries, a result which must surprise all those who consider this country as a mere raw-material- producing country. Within the limits of the city of Buenos Aires alone, there are 986 establishments for the working of metals, 1,210 for preparing hides, 1,178 for timber, 748 for cereals, 1,657 spinning establish- ments, 289 establishments for the manufacture of articles of glass and wax, 51 for the manufacture of chemical products, 26 for manufacturing grocery products, 168 distilleries, 268 cigar and cigarette manufactories, and 1,044 other kinds of manufactories; making in all, a total of 7,619 industrial establishments where the raw material is benefited. ^ In the course of a short description of the different industries, an idea will be given of the number of industrial establishments in some Provinces. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. C)^ 0^7.^ According to investigations in December, 1892, there are twenty establishments for the manufacture of oil in the country, the producing capacity of the most important being as follows : The establishment of Messrs. M. Pauelo & Co. produces 8,800 pounds per day ; that of Mr. Luis Maraicii produces 6,600 pounds; that of Gismondi & Brothers, 5,500 pounds; that of P. Bergery & Co., 4,400 pounds, etc. All the establishments now in existence can use 120 presses, with a capacity to yield 88,000 pounds of oil per day, or 22,000,000 pounds per year. In 1892, about 22,000,000 pounds of peanuts were used, which must have yielded 5,500,000 pounds of oil, worth $2,000,000 paper money. Starch. — The only foreign starch which is now imported comes from Germany, France, and Belgium. Several years ago, the im- portation of American starch ceased entirely. Mr. E. Piaggio manufactures starch similar to the European article, employing rice as raw material, and its annual production amounts to 924,000 pounds, representing a total value of $300,000 paper money. There are about fourteen other manufactories, which employ wheat and maize as raw material, which are situated in the city and province of Buenos Aires, and the Provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe, Cordoba, etc. The annual production of these estab- lishments may be estimated at 4,400,000 pounds, worth $750,000 paper money. There are also some establishments where man- dioca starch is produced. Rice.— In Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy, San Juan, Corrientes, and Misiones there are important areas of land dedicated to the cultiva- tion of rice, with the necessary machinery for the treatment of the grain. In the city of Tucuman, there are two mills for that pur- pose, and in the Provinces above-named there are several. There are about 3,700 acres under cultivation in the country, yielding an average of over a ton of rice for every acre, the rice being sold at the price of $75 or $100, paper money, per ton, according to 96 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. the place where it is cultivated. As the importation of rice amounted to 33,000,000 pounds in 1892, it is evident that the production of rice will increase every year, especially as the first experiments have given very good results. Olives. — The cultivation of olives is becoming important. They are produced in the Provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Cor- dova, San Juan, San Luis, and Mendoza, although not to any great extent as yet Olive oil has not yet been produced in any great quantity, olives being sold in small barrels. Sugar. — The cultivation of the sugar cane is one of the most remunerative industries in the country. There are now 89,000 acres of land under cultivation, distributed as follows : Acres. Tucuman 74, 000 Corrientes 3, 700 Chaco Austral , 1, 960 Chaco Central i, 860 Salta and Jujuy 3, 700 Misiones Ii 520 Santiago del Estes 1,480 Santa F^ 16, 800 Total 89, 000 The sugar-cane zone of the country embraces about 25,000 square leagues, distributed as follows: Leagfues. Chaco Central, Austral, and Santa lo, coo Misiones 2, coo Corrientes 2, 000 Tucuman r, 000 Jujuy 2,000 Salta 5_ 000 Santiago 3,000 Total 25,000 Although there have been cases in which an acre of land planted with sugar cane has yielded 37 tons, the average yield is 20 tons per acre. There are fifty-two sugar mills (ingenios) in the country which. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 97 in 1892, produced about 128,000,000 pounds of sugar, which was sold at a total value of about $24,000,000, paper money. In Rosario, of Santa Fe, exists a very important sugar-refinery establishment, with a producing capacity per year of z^,ooo,ooo pounds of the very finest sugar. With the establishment of another refinery of equal importance, it is calculated that sufficient sugar will be manufactured to stop the importation of that article, and as the sugar crop increases ^very year, it is expected that, in a year or two, a new refinery will be in operation, when the country will begin to export instead of importing refined sugar. Pork. — Although yet in its infancy, the pork industry, owing to the cheapness and abundance of hogs, is destined to become of great importance. In 1892, about 50,000 hogs were used in the different establishments situated in the Provinces of Buenos Aire s Entre Rios, and Santa Fe, and produced 30,000 hams, 100,000 tin cases of grease of 1 1 pounds each, and 550,000 pounds of sausages and other products. The average price of a hog whose weight is 330 pounds is $41.25, paper money, from which can be obtained: Product. Quantity. Value per pound. Total value paper money. Grease . . . . Bacon Ham Permil ., . . Embutido. . Bones Total Pounds. 44 77 44 22 22 121 Dollars . 0.363 ■313 ■545 .iSi .09 ■ 045 Dollars. 9. 60 21. 00 24. GO 4. 00 9. 00 5.50 330 73.10 Deducting the expense of treatment, a good margin yet remains that can not but attract the attention of capitalists. Chocolate. — The manufactories of chocolate in the country num- ber seven, are furnished with first-class machinery, and are capable of producing 2,200,000 pounds per year, although last year's pro- Bull. 67 7 98 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. duction amounted to only i,i 00,000 pounds, which suffices for home consumption. The chocolate made is of such excellent quality that it has almost stopped the importation of European chocolate. Sweetmeats and candies. — Notable is the progress realized in this industry, which can be seen by the fact that in 1892, the total importation of different kinds of candies amounted only to 50,000 kilos, a quantity that is produced in one month by any of the many manufactories of candies established in the country. The annual production of preserved memhrillo amounts to about 1 50,000 tin cases of 22 pounds, worth in all about $600,000, paper money. The same establishments make about 25,000 dozen tin cases of jelly, worth $120,000. The annual production of preserved peaches amounts to 500,000 tin cases. Of other preserved fruits, in juice, are prepared about 500,000 tin cases of i.i pounds each. The total value of all these products amounts to about $2,000,000. The tin cases'alone cost about $ 1 50,000 annually. The produc- tion of different kinds of caramels amounts to 3,300,000 pounds per year. Vickies. — The preparation of pickles, after the English style, has of late assumed considerable importance, as has also the making of mustard. Tomatoes, asparagus, etc., are also prepared in tin cases, and find a ready sale. As, in 1892, nearly 2,200,000 pounds ot pickles and other similar products were imported, the home production is sure to increase every year. Biscuits. — The manufacture of sweet biscuits is represented by several important establishments, which produce all the biscuits that are consumed, as the European importation of biscuits totally ceased several years ago. Vermicelli. — The production of vermicelli is very important. In the city and Province of Buenos Aires alone, there are 73 estab- lishments for the manufacture of vermicelli, the annual production of which, in all the Republic, amounts to 79,200,000 pounds, worth about $8,000,000, paper money. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 99 Flour. — There are 291 flour mills in the country, with capacity to produce 1,354,782,000 pounds of flour per year. As the mills work only about five months in the year, it is calculated that their actual production amounts to 420,000 tons. The annual expor- tation of flour reaches the figure of 35,200,000 pounds. Consider- ing that not very long ago, flour was imported into the country, these figures suffice to denote the remarkable progress made in this line. Fresh fruits. — Nearly every known fruit grows in the Argentine Republic. To the market of the city of Buenos Aires are sent,. from the Province of the same name, no less than 1,000,000 cases of fi-uit per year, worth $3,000,000. In the general description of the country, it has been seen how abundantly vines grow in Provinces of San Juan, Mendoza, and others. It should be added that the production of oranges is no less important, they being grown in great quantities in the Provinces of Corrientes, Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy, Catamarca, etc., from which point they are brought to Buenos Aires. Peaches are mostly grown in the Province of Buenos Aires. Dried fruits. — The dried grapes, or raisins, of San Juan, La Rioja, and Catamarca are consumed throughout the Republic, having annulled the importation of that article from Europe. Dried figs are prepared in Catamarca, at the average rate of 1,210,000 pounds per year. In Mendoza and other Provinces, nuts are cultivated. Cheese and butter. — Cheese-making has acquired considerable importance, the reduction in the importation of that article being notable. It is calculated that, in 1892, the production of cheese throughout the country amounted to 6,600,000 pounds. Noted European cheese has been imitated with success, and the Taffi cheese of Tucuman has a reputation of its own. Still greater progress has been attained in the preparation of butter,, an article that is now being exported to Europe, from whence, a few years ago, it was imported into the Republic. lOO ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Salt. — There are five centers of this industry at present. In Bahia Blanca, Province of Buenos Aires, the production of salt yields about 5,000 tons per year. In Patagones, the Rio Negro Salt Company, Limited, sell about 1 1 1,000,000 pounds per year, of rough and refined salt. In Cordoba, about 4,000 tons are pro- duced per year; in Salta and Jujuy, 4,400,000 pounds. The fifth salt region lies in the Pampa Central, but no figures are given regarding its production. Alcohol from maize. — There are 19 distilleries where alcohol of excellent quality from maize is prepared, in quantities exceeding the home consumption of this article. These 19 distilleries can produce over 15,000,000 gallons per year. The production of 1892 is calculated to have been 7,500,000 gallons of 40" Carrier, using more than 220,000,000 pounds of maize as raw material. The value of iast year's production is estimated to have been $15,000,000 paper money. Alcohol from sugar cane. — The mills where the sugar cane is ground, and in which alcohol is also made, number 7 1 , distributed as follows : Province of Tucuman 35 Province of Santa F6 8 Province of Corrientes 6 Territory of Slisiones 6 Territory of Chaco Central c Territory of Chaco Austral 2 Province of Santiago c Province of Jujuy 2 Province of Salta I Total -J The producing capacity of these mills, as also of those for the preparation of alcohol from maize, is greatly in excess of the home consumption. Last year's production can be estimated at 3,750,000 gallons, worth $7,500,000. Spirits of wine. — No figures can be obtained regarding the production of spirits of wine, which is prepared in San Juan and ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 101 Catamarca, and is of a very good quality. In the Province of Buenos Aires fruit alcohol is also made. Liqueurs and cordials. — There are 354 factories in the country where different kinds of liqueurs of all qualities are made. The production of 1892 is estimated to have been 6,250,000 gallons, although the producing capacity of the mills greatly exceeds these figures. Wines. — This industry has assumed considerable importance during the last five years, Argentine wines being now consumed by a great number of the population. The area cultivated in grapes amounts at present to 98,840 acres, distributed as follows : Province of— Acres. Mendoza 30, 652 San Juan 30, 652 Entre Rios ; . 7, 413 Catamarca 4_ 042 Salta 4j g42 Cordova 4, g42 Buenos Aires 4, 042 La Rioja 2, 471 Other Provinces g, 884 Total 98, 840 Over 13,000,000 gallons of wine were produced in 1892. Vinegar. — Sufficient vinegar is produced in the country for home consumption. The importation of this article has ceased. Fafer mills. — There is only one important paper mill in the country, in which paper for the use of shopkeepers is manufac- tured. The mill is provided with machinery to produce printing and writing paper, but the great profits which the manufacture of rough paper realizes satisfy the owners of the mill. The produc- tion of cartoon paper is also limited. That of sandpaper, on the contrary, satisfies the demand, its importation having ceased. Printing establishments. — There are in the city of Buenos Aires alone, 101 printing, 25 lithographic, and 27 engraving establish- ments. The books and printed matter imported in 1892, from the 1st of January to the 30th of September, amounted to only 360,3 10 102 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. pounds, while the paper imported, to be used in the printing of books, etc., amounted to 5,477,833 pounds, which gives an idea of the work done by the printing establishments, etc., most of which can be advantageously compared with the best of Europe. Wood. — Over five hundred different classes of wood exist in the forests of the Argentine Republic, which only of late have begun to be developed, especially in Tucuman, Santiago, Cordoba, Santa Fe, Misiones, Chaco Austral, Chaco Central, Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, and Corrientes. With the introduction of a better system fOr utilizing the forests and treating the woods, the importa- tion of American and Canadian woods is destined to cease, accord- ing to the opinion of those who are well acquainted with the great variety and splendid quality of the Argentine woods, of which it would be impossible to give here a full description. Furniture. — In the city of Buenos Aires there are 8u estab- lishments for the manufacture of furniture of all kinds, the importations of furniture having, in consequence, almost ceased. Over 50,000 men are employed in the country in the profitable industry of manufacturing the woods, and almost every known article of wood is produced in the country. Soap. — The production of ordinary soap amounts to about 39,600,000 pounds per year, the importation of this article having ceased completely. Fine soap is also manufactured with success, its importation having considerably diminished. 'Perfumery. — There are several factories for the preparation of perfumes, which find a ready sale in the markets. Ink. — There are several factories in which all kinds of ink are prepared. Candles. — Candles are manufactured in great quantities, almost sufficient to §atisfy the home consumption. Gunfoivder. — This article is manufactured in the several mills that exist in the city of Buenos Aires. Santa Fe, and Cordoba. The production is almost equal to the demand. In Zarate, in the ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. IO3 Province of Buenos Aires, there is a great establishment for the manufacture of dynamite, and it also produces great quantities of sulphuric acid. Blacking. — This article is manufactured on a large scale, its importation being very small. Hides and leather. — The manufacture of leather is an important industry, the leather produced sufficing for the wants of the country. Boots and shoes. — It is calculated that the number of persons employed in the manufacture of boots and shoes throughout the country amounts to 25,000, and that the value of the annual pro- duction of these articles reaches the figure of $ 5;o,ooo,ooo paper money. Almost every known article of leather and skin is man- ufactured in the country, the importation of such articles, like that of boots and shoes, being very small. 'tobacco. — The yearly production pf tobacco is calculated to be 26,400,000 pounds at present, but as the industry is assuming greater proportions every day, this production may be doubled in a very short time. The importation of Havana tobacco has diminished considerably, and as far as cigars and cigarettes are con- cerned it has almost ceased, the manufacture of both these articles being carried on in the country with great success. It is calcu- lated that the per diem production of cigarettes amounts to $600,000, worth $80,000 paper money, and that the number of persons employed in the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes throughout the country reaches 10,000 men, women, and children. There are several great manufactories which turn out 100,000 packages of cigarettes per day. Qlass. — There are several establishments in which glass is man- ufactured, and which employ altogether 300 workmen, the value of the annual production of this article being about $2,000,000 paper money. As the importation of glass is still very great, there is ample opportunity to estabhsh more manufacturing estab- lishments. 104 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Li?ne. — This article is produced in sufficient quantity and quality to satisfy home consumption. Marble. — Lately, several deposits of marble have begun to be worked with success, their products finding a ready sale in the markets. Earthenware, mosaics, etc. — Articles of earthenware, mosaics, etc., are extensively manufactured. Bricks. — These are manufactured in sufficient quantities for home consumption, although great improvements could be made in the systems employed. Cements and asphalts. — There are five mills in the city of Buenos Aires, which manufacture cement and asphalt, the total production of the mills being about 66,000,000 pounds per year. Metal products. — The different metals, steel, iron, copper, etc^ ate extensively worked, the manufacture of all classes of metallic articles constituting one of the principal industries in the country. Argentine safes, for example, have almost stopped the importation of European and American safes, as has been the case with other articles. Dry goods. — Of late, several mills have been established for the manufacture of cloths and underwear, with profit to the owners. The annual importation of dry goods amounts to $40,000,000 in value, so that capital employed in the textile industry is sure to obtain abundant return. Sacks. — The annual production of sacks, employed in the trans- portation of cereals, etc., amounts to about 30,000,000, of differ- ent kinds. Shirts. — There are in the city of Buenos Aires, eighty-one establishments where shirts are made, the importation of ready- made shirts into the country having entirely ceased. The impor- tation of ready-made clothes has also ceased. Hats. — There are seventeen factories in the city of Buenos Aires, where hats are manufactured, the progress of the industry competing with the imported hats. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. lO^ Matches. — Wax matches are manufactured extensively, there being no importation of this article nor of any other class of matches. Buttons. — Two mills exist in the city of Buenos Aires where buttons are manufactured. Feathers. — The preparation of feathers for women's hats is done on a scale sufficient to satisfy home consumption. Combs. — Combs are manufactured on a small scale. It would be impossible, for want of data and space, to give a detailed description of all the industries of the country, but the brief review that has been made will at least serve to show that the country has entered resolutely into the manufacturing period and that capital and machinery to be used in the industrial devel- opment are what is now needed to increase and better such pro- duction with profit to investors.* *For description of mineral resources, etc., see Chapter III, p. i8, Chapter IV. p. 34, and Appendix E, Mines and Mining Laws. Chapter X. RAILWAYS— STEAMSHIP COMMUNICATION— POSTAL AND TELE- GRAPH FACILITIES. The first railroad line in Argentina was laid in 1857. To-day, railroads cross all its important agricultural and grazing regions, and the capital cities of all the Provinces are linked together by means of railroads, radiating from the city of Buenos Aires, which occupies in relation to the rest of the country the same relatively advantageous situation as New York City in the United States. As has already been stated, 80 per cent of the total importations come through the custom-house of Buenos Aires, while 73 per cent of the total exportations pass through the same port. It is then clear that the city of Buenos Aires should be, as it is, the railroad center of the country. In 1887, there were 4,000 miles of railroad lines in operation, while in 1891, the number had almost doubled, reaching 7,365 miles. In relation to the population of the country, these figures show that there are 2.1 miles of railroad lines for every 1,000 inhabitants, a proportion which has been exceeded only in the United States, where there are in operation a little more than 3 miles for every 1,000 inhabitants. Of all the European countries, Switzerland excepted, none has more than three-fifths of a mile of railroad for every 1,000 inhabitants, while the proportion in most of them does not equal three-tenths of a mile for the number of inhabitants. Besides the 7,365 miles in operation, 9,860 miles of new rail- roads, it is thought, will be built in the course of a few years, the Congress having authorized their construction. Of the 9,860 miles, the Federal Government has guaranteed 4,504 miles. Thus, adding 106 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 107 the lines in the course of construction to those already in operation, the proportion of 5 miles for every 1,000 inhabitants is reached, exceeding the United States by 60 per cent. Some of the lines are owned by the National Government, and others by different provincial governments, but the great majority belong to private corporations. In most cases, on the capital invested in the construction of private lines, a guaranty of 6 per cent is given by the Federal Government, with the obligation to refund the amount received when the line shall be self-supporting. Most of the lines are now paying back the funds advanced them, thus reducing considerably the Government outlay, which, how- ever, has never exceeded $5,500,000 per year. The Government has taken adequate measures to compel the lines to make good their contracts, which they have been in the habit of neglecting, with detriment to the Government and general service. President Pelligrini, in his message to Congress, May, 1892, said: The railroad lines should have returned to the Government, which guaranteed their capital, a certain percentage of their total profits. Nothing, however, has been returned, and although the net profits of several lines have greatly exceeded the interest guaranteed, none of these lines have returned the surplus, as the law requires. The nation has paid $16,000,000 in gold, without demand- ing the fulfillment of the above obligations. Taking into consideration, then, the money actually paid out by the nation, and the money which should have been paid in by the railroads to the Government, it results, that the railroads owe the latter more than $10,000,000 for retaining without right the surplus sums. The laws passed during the last year by your honorable body denotp the line of conduct which the Executive should follow. All the measures of the adminis- tration have tended to put into practice their good precepts, stopping abuses which time could not have legalized. The railroads are now placed under the immediate supervision of national inspectors. The general department of rail- roads, in which are united the technical and administrative inspections, is prop- erly organized for such ends. Says the English writer before quoted; Argentina has a magnificent railway system. In May, 1891, there were in actual working order twenty-two lines of railway, with a total extension of 7,099 108 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. miles and an aggregate capital of _;^6o,ooo,ooo. In course of construction there were 30 lines, some 7,826 miles in extension, and employing a propor- tionate amount of capital. At the close of the year 1889, there were 20 lines in operation, with a total length of 5,017 miles and acapital oi ;£^6,Z2,°>S'^'^' and in 1888, there were seventeen lines, with a total length of 4,788 miles and a capital of ^38,600,000. The magnitude and importance of the system may be judged from the follow- ing figures, of the year 1890: Miles in working order 6, 282 Passengers carried 13. 633. 7^9 Goods carried (English tons) 7. 472, 873 Miles run 218,061, 163 Gross earnings ;^io, 217, 673 Worljing expenses £ 6, 395, 473 Capital emploj^ed £i^, 138, 718 The Buenos Aires Great Southern line is, in most respects, the best line in the country. It has a greater mileage, employs a larger amount of capital, and is better equipped than any other railway in the Republic. Its terminus in Plaza Constitucion is the finest railway station in South America. The Buenos Aires and Rosario line ranks next in importance; but, notwithstanding its wealth and importance, it possesses no terminus of its own in the Federal Capital, but uses the Central Station in Paseo de Julio, in common with the Pacific, the Central Argentine, the Western, the Ensenada, and the Northern railways. Passenger accommodations on Argentine railways are far superior to those provided by most of our own railway corporations. The cars are principally built on the Pullman plan, but more solidly upholstered, and adapted, of course, to the exigencies of the climate. The Rosario is the best line for travelers. The saloon coaches in the long-distance trains are supplied with lavatories and refreshment bars, and through the center aisles, one may promenade from one end of the train to the other. The Southern Railway coaches, though superbly fitted out, are less convenient for long journeys. The passengers are confined to one particular compartment, and although there are good lavatory accommoda- tions, there are no accommodations whatsoever for refreshments, which are so necessary to the traveler through the dusty regions of the south. On most lines, the sleeping accommodations are excellent and. at a trifling extra cost, private compartments maybe secured. Nearly all the saloon cars on the Argentine rail- ways are built in England. It seems anomalous that while in Argentina there is so much luxury, we at home should be content to jog along in the uncom- fortable pens provided by our English railways. it Station of the Southern Railroad at Buenos Aires. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. IO9 The following statement as to Argentine railways is taken from a valuable "Treatise on the South American Railways " com- piled by Juan Jose Castro, under the direction of the Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of Uruguay, and printed in 1893, for transmission to the Chicago World's Exhibition. In the preface, Senor Castro says: With respect to Argentine railways, I have been able to avail myself of the latest and most complete information concerning them, thanks to the courtesy of the Public Works Department and the General Railway Board of that Re- public. In the chapter which treats especially of the railways of the Argentine Republic, he says: In considering the railways of the Argentine Republic opened to traffic, in construction, or projected, there are noticeable in the whole network, four great systems that run out of Buenos Aires : (1) The Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway, with a total length of 1,878 kilometers, the main line running to the port of Bahia Blanca^ distance 717 kilometers, from whence at a future date it is intended to be continued across the Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz territories. (2) The Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway to Valparaiso, of 1,221 kilometers to the Argentine-Chilian frontier, this line forming a section of the Interoceanic line from the port of Recife (Pernambuco) to the port of Valparaiso. (3) The Buenos AireTand Rosario Railway running to Tucumin, and from thence, in combination with the Central Northern Prolongation Railway, to Jujuy, distant 1,507 kilometers from the Capital. The Central Northern Prolongation will be continued to the Bolivian frontier and will thus form a principal line in the combination proposed with the rail- ways of that country. (4) The Santa F6, Reconquista and Formosa route, intended to communicate with Asunci6n (Paraguay), and of the total length of 1,2 16 kilometers to Formosa. There are already constructed some 779 kilometers as far as Reconquista. These four lines, by the districts which they traverse and the towns which they serve, form the great trunk lines of the Argentine railway system that con- nects with the Capital, and they belong : (1) To the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway Company (Limited). 1 lO ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. (2) In three sections : (a) Buenos Aires to Villa Mercedes, to the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway Company (Limited). (b) Villa Mercedes to Mendoza, to the Argentine Great Western Rail- way Company (Limited). (c) Mendoza to the Chilian frontier, to the Transandine Railway Com- pany. (3) In two sections : (a) Buenos Aires to Tucuman, to the Buenos Aires and Rosario Rail- way Company _(Liraited). (b) Tucuman to Jujuy, to the Nation. (4) In three sections, of which the two constructed already belong : (a) From Buenos Aires to Santa Fe, to the Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway Company (Limited). (b) Santa F6 to Reconquista, to the Provincial Government of Santa Fe. (c) Reconquista to Tucuman, to a separate company that will be formed to construct this line. RAILWAY ADVA>fCEMENT. The first railway established in the Argentine Republic was the Western of Buenos Aires, the first section of which, 10 kilometers in length, was opened to public traffic in 1857. The rate of railway development in the Argentine Republic annually has been as follows: Kilometers. 1857 10 i860 39 1865 213 1S70 732 1875 I, 3S4 Kilometers. 1880 2,313 1885 4, J4I 1890 g, 255 1892 12, ggo General resunik. Kilometers. Railways open to public service I2_ ggo. 200 Railways, construction of which is being actively carried on 527. goo Railways, construction of which partly stopped 500. 400 Railways, construction of which is completely stopped 3, 698. 568 Railways surveyed 4, 088. 600 Railways under survey 5j qqq Railways to be surveyed ^^ ygj ^qq Total 29, 660. 368 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ,] 1 1 Capital represented by the railways of the Argentine Republic in the year iSgz.* Dollars. Andine 4, 123, 608 East Argentine 5,051, 573 Buenos Aires and Rosario 41,185,753 Buenos Aires and Pacifico 16,251,818 Bahia Blanca and Northwestern 4, 269, 587 Buenos Aires and Ensenada 10, 097, 243 Central Argentine 49, 172, 613 Central C6rdoba 4, 824, 932 Central C6rdoba (Central Northern section) 20, 262, 446 Central Entre-Rios 13, 293, 613 Central Northern 13,623,964 Central Chubut 964, 878 Chumbicha to Catamarca 2,219, 220 Dean Funes to Chilecito 11, 804, 490 Great West Argentine 18, 819, 760 Great Southern of Santa F6 and C6rdoba 4, 363, 434 Northwest Argentine (Tucum4n to La Madrid) 5, 106, 720 Northwest Argentine (Villa Marcedes to Rioja) i, 874, 377 Northeast Argentine 30, 150, 521 Western of Santa F6 3,859,513 Western of Buenos Aires 30, 322, 423 First Entre-Rlos 148, 435 Provincial of Santa F6 17, 751, 157 Southern 70, 397, 529 San Crist6bal to Tucum4n 7, 439. 666 Transandine 4, 891, 661 Villa Maria and Rufino 5, 524. I99 Total 397, 684, 593 The $397,684,593 which represent the total of the Argentine railways are distributed as follows: Dollars. Railways belonging to the Nation 31, 9^9, 7I9 Railways guarantied by the Nation , 80, 559, 519 Railways belonging to Provinces 18. 233, 597 Railways of private property 266, 971, 758 Total 397,684,593 *One hundred dollars (U. S. A. ) are equal to $103. 64, Argentine gold. 112 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The gross receipts of all the railways to January i, 1892, amounted to $5S'4i7>555. as follows: Dollars. National railways 972, 175 Provincial railways 2, 964, 075 Railways guarantied b3' the Nation 8, 430, 243 Private railways 43, 051. 062 Total 55.417.555 The working expenses of all the lines to the same date amounted to $3 7, 8 5 2, 768, as follows : Dollars. National railways i, 475. 974 Provincial railways 2, 563, 940 Railways guarantied by the Nation 8, 658, 477 Private railways 25, 154, 377 Total 37, S52, 76S The profits and losses in the year 1891 amounted to $19,028,83:;, distributed as follows: Profits. Losses. National railwavs Dollars. 503, 779 400, r35 Dollars. Provincial railways Guarantied railways 22S, 234 Private railways 17, 896, 685 Total 18, 800, 599 228, 234 According to the oiEce of accountancy and control of the general direction of railways, the guarantied companies, in the year 1891, owed the Government for guaranties considered to be unduly paid the sum of $4,087,389, distributed among the companies as follows: Dollars. Buenos Aires and Pacific i 534 672 Central C6rdoba (Central Northern section) i_ 095, 503 Great West Argentine j -jg j„^ Transandine j - 220 Northeast Argentine , , Q_g San Crist6bal to Tucumdn 2 o8i Northwest Argentine 2 8f Villa Maria and Rufino jq -g Bahla Blanca and Northwestern 24 076 Total 4,087,389 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1 I3 The Spanish- American Financier of April i, 1893, says: Whatever may be the position of the Government's and State's finances in the Argentine Republic, there is clear evidence that the railways are doing a much better business than for two or three years past. Some of the improve- ment in results when expressed in sterling arises from the lower quotation of gold, but the actual traffics are just now extremely pleasant reading, and a few figures with respect to the results shown recently will be worth giving. The Buenos Aires Great Southern Company, in thirty-five weeks and three days, from July i last to March 6 this year, has secured ^jzjtSGi^, against ^629,942 in thirty-five weeks and five days for i89i-'92, or an increase of _;^97,727 with at present 1,388 mijes worked, against 1,145 ™iles a year ago. The Buenos Aires and Rosario Company, with 903 miles in operation, against 843 last year, is getting an enormous increase per mile per week, and in nine weeks, its aggregate results have this year been j£i 14,272, against _;^89,4 14 for the same period last year. The most marked results are shown in the case of the Buenos Aires Western Railway, which, with the same mileage throughout of 338 miles, has, in thirty- five weeks and three days, secured ;£^378,ii8, against _;^275,oi9 in thirty-five weeks and five days in 1891— '92, an increase of _;^ 103,099, or over 27 per cent. In nine weeks, the Central Argentine Company's receipts, with at present 746 miles, against 711, have risen to ;^i 11,565, in contrast with ^87,789 in the same period of 1892. The South American Journal, of London, of April 29, 1893, gives the following statement of the Argentine railway workings for the second half of 1892 : Miles open. Train mileage. Per train mile. Percentage of working. Receipts. Expenses. Profit. Buenos Aires Southern . . Buenos Aires Western. . . Buenos Aires and Rosario Central Argentine Entre Rios 1,247 338 855 746 379 966, 184 587,411 818,409 972,513 104, 208 J. a. 10 0% 8 II 6 II>^ 5 5K 4 SVz s. d. 4 9 3 ^oyi 3 sH 3 7 4 6X s. d. 5 Z'A 5 0% 3 i}( I loy^ 47-23 43-31 50.20 65.82 lOI. 30 The Transandine line, destined to connect Buenos Aires with Valparaiso, Chile, is approaching completion. A portion of the Andes alone remains to be tunnelled, when the line will be in Bull. 67 8 1 14 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. operation throughout its entire course. This work, which has attracted the attention of the engineering world, was begun in 1887, fro™ *^ Argentine side, and in 1889, from the Chilean side. The Argentine section to be built extended a distance of 110 miles, from the city of Mendoza to the summit of the Andes. The Chilean part covered only 40 miles. Six and one-fifth miles of tunnelling yet remain to be finished before a train can run over the entire line. Construction cars, small locomotives, and rails in sufficient quantity to complete the road, are all ready. Bridge materials, some twenty dynamos, turbine wheels, cables for trans- mission of electric power, air compressors, rock drills, and a variety of other machinery are within reach. With an estimated expend- iture of $3,000,000, the line can be equipped for traffic and entirely finished. In many places, the descent of the Andes is sudden and steep, and to overcome the heavy grades, considerable labor has been necessary. The introduction of the Abt system of placing a racked rail in the center of the track, operated by locomotives built especially for the purpose, has, however, conquered the diffi- culty, and a gradient of 1 in 12^ has been adopted wherever the ground requires it. Some 6 miles of the line will be operated by this system, its use having proved satisfactory in Europe. In order to avoid avalanches and snow-drifts, galleries are being cut in the solid rocks along the slopes of the mountains, and this avoids the building of expensive snow sheds. It is beneath the summit of the Andes (10,642 feet above the level of the sea) that the road will pass through the tunnel; and this turmel, together with three smaller ones, will, it is calculated, require for completion at least two years more. In September, 1891, a correspondent of La Prensaof Buenos Aires, gave the following details regarding the section of the road already opened for traffic from Mendoza in the Argentine Repub- lic to Uspallata in the Andes : The first four sections of the road which have been open to traffic since Feb- ruary last from Mendoza to Uspallata have rendered valuable service to Chilean ' ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 11^ travelers. The troops under the command of Col. Camus and Col. Stephens, who returned to Chile last May, were transported in perfect order by the Transandine line as far as possible, enabling them to cross the Andes before the snows of winter had rendered their passage impracticable. Although this line is the one which traverses the most mountainous region crossed by any line in the country, no accident whatsoever has occurred during the seven months in which it has been opened to the public. This is due to the solid rock bed on which the rails are laid. This rock bed will also reduce the expense of keeping' the line in good condition. The monthly revenues of the line are in excess of the expenses incurred, and even during the winter months this line earns more relatively than some of the lines in the interior. During the coming summer, it is hoped with reason that traffic will increase, especially in the number of passengers carried. Some have already begun to cross the Andes, and in a few days more, traffic will be reopened. Agents of several carrier companies are always found waiting in the city of Mendoza for the trains from Buenos Aires which may bring them passengers for Chile. Several steamship companies have made arrangements to sell tickets from Europe to Valparaiso via Buenos Aires, Mendoza, and the Andes. To-day, the trip from Europe to Valparaiso, by the old route of the Straits of Magellan, takes thirty-seven days. In combination with the Argentine railways, the trip may be reduced to twenty-three days, thus : From Europe to Buenos Aires, twenty days; from Buenos Ayres to Mendoza, thirty-six hours ; to Rio Blanco, seven hours; to Punta de Vaca, three hours; to Juncal (Chile), eight hours; to Guardia Vieja eight hours, and Valparaiso eight hours, making in all sixty-four hours, or less than three days from Buenos Aires to Valparaiso. Now, it is neces- sary to ride only ten hours on mules across that part of the Andes which is not yet crossed by rail. The time occupied at present in transit from New York to Valparaiso is, on an average, from thirty-five to thirty-eight days via Panama. Cargo has to be discharged at Colon and again at Panama into lighters, thus causing packages to be delayed and damaged. It will be seen, that when the Transandine line is completed, the service via Buenos Aires will be much more ex- peditious (saving altogether about eight or ten days), and only one unloading from ship to train will be necessary. All the cattle and products exported from the Argentine Republic to Chile will be carried by the Transandine line, which ii6 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. is also destined to benefit the mining industry. The passenger and freight traffic to Europe from the countries bounded by the Pacific Ocean, and vice versa, will also use this line. Buenos Aires will thus be to Valparaiso what New York is to San Francisco. The Argentine Republic is in direct steamship communication with almost every important European port. Between the United States and iVrgentina, also ply some freight and passenger steam- ers. The following statement shows the number of steamers and sailing vessels which arrived in Argentine ports in 1890: From — Tonnage. Germany Belgium Brazil Chile Spain The United States France Italy Paraguay England Uruguay Other countries. . . Total 250, 873 141, 289 41. 771 ' 3.376 25. 724 61, 188 395, 456 199, 398 923, 020 80c, 155 , 206, 338 4.127 5.052,715 The number of steamers that left the ports of the Republic for the above countries was 6,033, ^^^^ ^ total tonnage of 4,527,646. In the same year, 6,826 sailing vessels entered the ports of the Republic, distributed as follows : From — Number of sailing ves- sels. Tonnage, Germany The Antilles Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Spain The United States 22 2 19 146 146 I 61 235 10, 569 I, i6i 14, 969 19. 485 5,971 359 32, 051 148, 165 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 117 From- France Italy Paraguay England Sweden Uruguay Other countries. Number of sailing ves- 31 31 224 843 4 5,189 10 Total 6,826 Tonnage. 13, 775 9.729 22, 556 474,651 1 ,974 529, 147 3,678 I, 288, 240 The total number of sailing vessels leaving the ports of the Republic for the ports of the above cpuntries was 3,676, with a total tonnage of 978,823 tons. These figures show in 1890 an average per day of nineteen steamers and eighteen sailing vessels entering the ports of the Republic. In 1889, the average per day of steamers entering was only seventeen, while the average of sailing vessels was twenty-two, which shows an increase in the steamship traffic for 1890, with a marked decrease in the traffic of sailing vessels. The increase in foreign traffic within the last ten years (1881-90) may be judged by the fact that in 1881, only 5,954 ships (steamers and sailing vessels) entered the ports of the Republic, with a total tonnage of only 1,318,700 tons, while in 1890, the corresponding figures were 13,873 ships and 6,340,955 tons. Regarding the importance of domestic traffic, the following figures referring to the year 1890 are of interest: The number of sailing vessels entering the different ports of the country was 15,857 and the number of steamers 6,637, with a total tonnage of 3,324,849 tons. Leaving the ports, were 1 8, 1 82 sailing vessels and 5,847 steamers, with a total tonnage of 2,878,600 tons. This shows that 46,423 trips were made from port to port, and that 6,203,449 tons of cargo were transported. In 1881, only 45,341 trips were made and only 3,573,404 tons of cargo trans- ported. ii8 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The following are the port entries in the Argentine Republic in 1891: Ports. Ocean. River. Total. Buenos Aires Tons. 2, 108, 000 458, 000 1 10, 000 390, 000 123, 000 2, 086, 000 Tons. 946, 000 380,000 125,000 99, 000 20,000 925,000 Tons. 3, 054, 000 838, 000 235, 000 489, 000 143, 000 3, on, 000 Rosario La Plata Concordia San Nicolas Various Grand total 5, 275, 000 2, 495, 000 7, 770, 000 Some of the steamship companies carrying passengers from Europe to Buenos Aires, and vice versa, are the following : Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton to ■Buenos Aires, stopping at Carril, Vigo, and Lisbon; the steamers leave Southampton twice a month. Pacific Steam Navigation Company, from Liverpool to Buenos Aires, calling at Bordeaux, Lisbon, and Spanish ports; steamers leave Liverpool twice a month. Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes, from Bordeaux to Buenos Aires, calling at Lisbon and Dakar; steamers leave Bor- deaux twice a month. Compagnie des Chargeurs Reunis, from Havre to Buenos Aires, calling at Lisbon and Teneriffe; steamers leave Havre three times a month. La Societe Generale de Transports Maritimes a Vapeur, from Marseilles to Buenos Aires, touching at Naples, Genoa, Barce- lona, Gibraltar, and TenerifFe. Lamport and Holt, from Antwerp to Buenos Aires, touching occasionally at Lisbon and Madeiras; steamers leave Antwerp seven times a month. North German Lloyd, from Bremen to Buenos Aires; steamers leave Bremen three times a month. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. lig Navigazione Generale Italiana, from Genoa to Buenos Aires; steamers leave Genoa twice a month. La Veloca, from Genoa to Buenos Aires; steamers leave Genoa three times a month. Compafiia Transatlantica Espanola, between Spanish ports and Buenos Aires; one steamer a month. The Argentine Government, understanding the importance of having a line of steamers between that country and the United States, and wishing to contribute to its establishment, issued a decree as far back as 1865 granting a subsidy of $20,000 a year to the first line that should solve the problem. This sum, not being found adequate^ to meet the expenses of a regular line of steamers, even temporarily, until the traffic between the two countries should have increased, the law remained a dead letter. During the ad- ministration of Gen. Sarmiento, the matter was again considered, without, however, leading to any result, and it was only during the last year of the administration of Dr. Avellaneda, that an American company volunteered to make a contract to establish monthly steamers, with a subsidy from the Argentine Republic of $ 1 00,000 a year. The executive sent a message to Congress to this effect, but it was never discussed. President Roca renewed the recom- mendation, which is still in abeyance. In 1888, the Argentine Government entered into a contract with Mr. Robert P. Houston, of England, by which the latter agreed to construct 10 steamers, to ply between the north of Europe and the ports of the Argentine Republic, of 4,000 tons each and making 16 knots per hour. For immigrant service in Buenos Aires, 4 steam launches were to be constructed, and also 4 steamers to ply between the United States and the Argentine ports. The principal conditions of the agreement were: the Argentine Republic guarantied an interest of 5 per cent per annumon $5,750,000 for the European service and 5 per cent per annum on $1,200,000 for the United States line. The contractor 120 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. agreed that the steamers should always fly the Argentine flag, and in case of war, that the Government should have the option of buying them at a sum not exceeding their original cost. Exceptionally good accommodations were to be provided for immigrants who would leave England, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, or any other country indicated by the Argentine Government. In case the revenues of the con- tracting company exceeded 5 per cent, it was to refund the Govern- ment from this excess the sums it had previously received as guaranties; and in the event of the revenues reaching 10 per cent, the surplus was to be divided between the Government and the company. The guaranty was to terminate at the end of eighteen years. For some reason, which has not been explained, Mr. Houston failed to carry out his arrangement. It is said, however, that he expected to secure an additional subsidy from the United States when he undertook the contract. During the sittings of the International American Conference, its committee on communication on the Atlantic., moved the adoption of the following resolution, which was agreed to by the conference: The International American Conference, etc., would see with satisfaction the governments interested in communication on the Atlantic give their assent to the plan subscribed by their representatives. First. The committee on communication on the Atlantic resolves to recom- mend to the respective governments the aiding of one or more lines of steam navigation between the ports of the United States and those of Brazil and Rio de la Plata. Second. The companies receiving government aid shall establish a fast tri- monthly service of steam navigation between the ports of the United States, Rio Janeiro, Montevideo, and Buenos Aires. The vessels shall have accom- modations and capacity necessary for the transportation of passengers and freight, and shall also carry the mails. Third. These steamships shall touch at only one port of the intermediate countries on the trips to and from Buenos Aires. During the quarantine season ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 121 they will discharge only passengers and mails and shall not take on board anything subject to infection. In the countries of clearance and of ultimate destination they may stop at two ports. Fourth. The speed of the fast steamships shall be at least 16 knots per hour, and they shall be of not less than 5,000 tons burden. A time schedule of arrivals at and departures from the ports, shall be established in conformity with the speed required. Fifth. The committee recommends also an auxiliary line of freight steamships which shall sail twice a month, making not less than 1 2 knots an hour, and touching at ports in the United States and Brazil. The United States of America and the Republic of Brazil shall each pay one-half of the subsidy due these vessels, taking into consideration, however, the contracts of existing lines with the latter government. Sixth. The awarding of the contract with the steamship companies shall take place in the city of New York, bids being solicited from the companies by means of advertisements in at least five daily newspapers having the largest circula- tion in each of the contracting countries. The advertisements shall designate a time within which proposals may be presented ; this time shall not be less than ninety days. The bids are to be opened in the presence of representatives appointed for this purpose by the governments interested. Seventh. Bidders must state the tonnage of the vessels, in accordance with article 4, and also the amount of government aid required, calculating the latter at the rate per ton for every 1,000 miles; they must also state the amount of payment necessary for the round trip. Eighth. The governments reserve the right to reject all bids, if according to their judgment they should be excessive. Ninth. Governments shall have the right to impose their flag and register upon the vessels in number proportionate to the percentage of the aid they pay. It is understood that the quota of each nation shall be paid directly to the vessel or vessels carrying its flag. In case of war, each government may buy and use as transports and arm as cruisers the vessels carrying its flag. Tenth. Vessels receiving government aid, whatever flag they may carry, shall enjoy in the ports of the contracting governments all the rights and privileges accorded to national vessels for the sole purpose of international commerce. These rights, however, do not include coastwise trade. Eleventh. The contracting governments shall contribute aid to the fast lines in the following proportion : Per cent. The United States 60 The Argentine Republic i7/^ Bnizil 17K Republic of Uruguay 5 122 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Twelfth. The contracting governments shall accept only vessels constructed in the United States, in consideration of the higher aid paid by that Government. Thirteenth. The term of the contract shall be ten years. Fourteenth. The committee recommends to the governments interested the encouragement of direct cable communication between the countries represented by said committee, with a regular service, and equitable rates. Fifteenth. The Republics of Bolivia and Paraguay hereby agree to the plan of the committee, and will contribute to the payment, on condition that the companies agree to establish subsidiary lines of river navigation, that shall reach their ports. The president of the committee on communication on the Atlantic, Dr. Roque Saenz Pefia, delegate from the Argentine Republic, in his report to the conference, said, in part : At the very beginning of the debates of the committee, I took occasion to declare that the Argentine Government, while it agreed to the subsidizing of these lines, was not moved to such an agreement by commercial interests, for reasons which are not unknown to my honorable colleagues. Our commerce with the United States is most limited ; the Argentine ports send to New York only $5,000,000 worth of exports; while New York exports to Buenos Aires $10,000,000 worth. This is not commerce for either nation, but the figures serve to indicate the relative interest which animates the two countries on the subject of subsidy. The cause of this situation I have thoroughly explained in my remarks on the customs union, and I deem it unnecessary to repeat them. The Argentine Republic can only send to the markets of the United States wool and hides; but fine wools such as ours must pay a duty of 60 per cent; consequently, only our mixed wool, which has neither weight nor value, can enter. This wool is also about to disappear, because of improvements in the breeds. The wool we introduce into the United States represents $908,000 on a production of $46,000,000, and the hides introduced represent $3,700,000 on an annual exportation of $23,000,000. These figures reveal the depression which marks our commercial relations with the United States. I do not believe that vessels are the agents to be em- ployed to remove the obstruction; nor, does the Argentine Government believe that maritime communication will reestablish custom-house relations • but the country seeks for intimacy and hopes for firmer bonds with all the nations of America, and to attain, such a generous end, will not spare sacrifices. By unit- ing its ports to those of Brazil and the United States, an act of friendly signifi- ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 123 cance will be realized, which its delegation will obey, and be ready to sustain. This is the true significance of my signature at the end of this report. We will not vote it, however, without an explanation, which should be noted by the secretaries. The honorable delegates can not be ignorant, that, at this moment, there exists at the capital a tariff bill, which has seen the public light, and has been discussed b) all the national press. This bill increases the duty on wool, 1% cents per pound, and also imposes a duty of 1% cents on hides, which were before free. [The bill when passed left hides on the free list, but it increased the duty on wool, as stated by Dr. Saenz Peiia.J If this bill becomes a law, Argentine im- portations will be unknown in the custom houses of North America. Hides and wool are the only products we send to its markets, and these will be transferred to Europe in search of free markets. If the tariff has been prohibitory on fine wools, it will soon become prohibitory on ordinary wools, and in that case, there will be neither extensive nor restricted commerce. We have been summoned to encourage American commercial relations, and when we shall return to our country to give an account of our mission, we shall be forced to say to our respective governments : "We went to Washington with one product on the free list and we have encountered a. law which burdens it with a duty; another product was taxed at 6 per cent, but when the conference was over we found it taxed at 7 per cent." Such will be the commercial out- come of the conference of the three Americas, judged without irony, but also without admiration. Would it be logical, sensible, or explicable for us to make pecuniary sacrifices, "to people the seas with vessels in ballast, when such a tariff situation confronts us ? Would the union of our ports be justified, at the same time that the disunion of our custom-houses is decreed? To what end should we create means of transportation, when at the same time our international commercial relations are suppressed ? Such a situation would be proper for the encouragement and interchange of ballast, but not of products. If there is to-day in New York any vessel which secures freight to the amount of $14,000, and does not secure in all the Argentine ports $1,000 for the return voyage, as I was told not long since by the Hon. Charles R. Flint, we may be assured that the vessels which are to sail under our flag will float with empty holds, sustained only by the generosity of two governments, who have the means but do not seek the end. To facilitate transportation and at the same time to raise the tariff, is to create the means, to afford one's self the pleasure of strengthening resistance. Tariffs wertf resorted to as a consequence of the establishment of communications. They constitute a national defense against the invasion of foreign products. Tariffs and communications represent two tendencies or two forces antagonistic 124 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. to each other, and they are never fostered by the same government. A noted economist. Monsieur de Molinari, has just explained to us in a brilliant article published in the Diario de los Economistas, of which he is editor, how? Europe defended itself by tariffs when the United States, having perfected its means of transportation, was able to cross the seas and carry on the Atlantic all the prod- ucts of the West with which to invade the markets of the Old World. The transportation represented the attack and the tariff the defense, as in the ever- lasting struggle between the projectile and the armor. My confusion will thus be understood, if the spectacle is presented me of defense and attack combined, under the protection of the same and identical governments. To lower the duties in favor of exporters, and to raise them against importations, is to com- bine two contradictory acts. The Argentine delegation respects, as well as any other delegation, the sov- ereign acts of a friendly nation ; but it has the right to judge them when they affect the international relations of coramerce, which we have been bidden to consider, and especially when they require national sacrifices and assistance. Our Government does not subsidize a single steamer of all those which connect us with Europe, and yet we meet all the demands of transatlantic commerce. From eighteen to twenty steamers enter our ports daily, and a total of 13,500 enter annually. This is not the effect of subsidies; it is the result of freight, and freight results from there being no high tariffs to impede or prevent inter- change. But we desire communication with our friends of the north, and now that the tariff policy does not aid commerce or sustain freights, we accept the sacrifice of sustaining it artificially, but upon the following condition, which the secre- taries will please note : " The Argentine delegates give their vote in favor of the plan under discus- sion based on the present tariff, but they will recommend their Government not to approve it if the tariff should be altered to the injury of Argentine products. " The plan recommended by the conference has not been acted upon by the governments interested. The postal and telegraph facilities of the Republic are good. In 1886, the number of post-ofBces in the country was only 540; in 1887, the number had increased to 610; in 1888, to 822; in 1889, to 901; in 1890, to 1,030; in 1891, to 1,035; in 1892, to 1,135; and on the 1st of January, 1893, there were 1,150 post- offices throughout the Republic. There has been a corresponding increase in the number of letters and pieces of printed matter ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 125 distributed by the postal authorities. In 1886, their number amounted to 43,167,900, and in 1887 the number had increased to 44,188,900; in 1888, to 62,827,800 » in 1889, to 96,707,600; in 1890, to 105,679,700, and in 1891 the number of letters, postal cards, and pieces of printed matter distributed reached the figure of 126,534,500, of which 71,633,990 were letters (postal cards excepted). Thus the average of letters received by each inhabitant was 18. According to European statistics for the year 1888, the average that year in France was 15.6 ; in Austria, 14.2 ; in Switzer- land, 10.1 ; in Italy, <;.8; in Spain, 5.6; in Chile, 4.9; in Japan, 1.6; and in Russia, 1.3. Most of the telegraph lines running throughout the Republic are owned by the National Government. In 1889, there were 7,200 miles in operation; in 1890, 10,002 miles; in 1891, 10,200 miles, and at the close of the year 1892, there were 12,000 miles in operation. In 1891, the number of telegraphic messages sent by the lines owned by the Government was l, 208,1 00 All the railroads have telegraph lines of their own, and their service, as well as the national service, is open to the public. Chapter XI. FOREIGN COMMERCE— TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES— REA- SONS OF ITS RESTRICTION— NATIONAL FINANCES. The following statement shows the imports and exports of the Argentine Republic for the years 1870-1887, inclusive: Year. Imports. Exports. Total. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 Dollars. 49, 124,613 45, 629, 106 61,585,781 73. 434. 038 57, 826, 549 57, 624, 481 36, 070, 023 49, 443, 424 43, 759, 125 46, 593. 593 45. 535. 880 55, 705, 927 61, 246, 045 80, 435, 828 94, 056, 144 92, 221, 969 95,408,745 117, 352, 125 Dollars. 30, 223, 084 26, 996, 801 47, 267, 965 47, 398, 291 44,541,536 52,009, 113 48, 090, 713 44. 769. 944 37. 523, 771 49, 357. 558 58, 380, 787 57, 938, 272 60, 388, 939 60, 207, 979 68, 029, 836 83, 879, ICO 69, 834, 841 84, 421, S20 Dollars, 79. 347. 697 72, 625, 967 108, 853, 746 120, 832, 329 102, 368, 08; 109, 633, 594 84, 160, 736 85, 213, 368 81, 282, 896 95,721,151 103, 916, 667 113, 644, 199 121, 634, 984 140, 643, 804 162,085,980 176, loi, 069 165, 243, 586 201. 773. 945 In his message to Congress in May, 1890, the President of the Republic made the following interesting comments on the com- merce of the country : The great economic and industrial progress of the nation in 1889 was power- fully reflected in the growth of foreign trade, in the great increase of imports and exports. The tabular statements below show the progress we have made and studying them, we can measure the great development that must take place when the causes that retard our growth are removed, and the country is again 126 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 127 in the full enjoyment of its industrial and economic forces. The following are the figures of our foreign trade for the last three years : Imports . . . Specie .... Total Exports Specie Total 1887. Dollars. 117,352,125 9, 748, 596 Dollars. 122, 378, 572 44, 810,050 127, 100, 72iJ^ 173, 188, 662 84, 421, 820 9. 877, 185 94, 299, 005 99, 974. 832 8, 734. 500 108, 709, 332 Dollars^ 164,245,428 "■ 749. 759 175,995,187 122, 596, 563 28,431,251 151,027, 814 We see by these figures that the increase in 1889 was 35 per cent in imports and 25 per cent in exports, in spite of the almost total loss of the wheat crop of 1888. The harvest this year has been more abundant, and the figures of trade of the first quarter, ending the 30th of last March, show results that surpass all previous calculations, even of the most optimistic nature. First quarter of 1890 : Dollars. Exports 80,218,415 Imports 40, 742, 035 Excess of exports 39, 476, 380 If we bear in mind that the total export of products in 1887 did not exceed $84,500,000, while those of 1888 scarcely reached $100,000,000, we may form some conception of the growth of national production this year. Furthermore, the figures of this year are not swelled by any unusual accumulation of produce in the first month of the year. On the contrary, the production of grain has been so enormous that the means of transport were utterly inadequate for its removal; but for this drawback, the exportation of grain would be much more active. The most important feature in the trade figures of the first quarter of the current year, is the enormous export of maize, which reached no less than 236,528 tons, all belonging to the 1889 crop, and there is still a large quantity in the market. We may calculate the surplus of the wheat crop to be exported at 500,000 to 600,000 tons for the years 1889—1890. In the first quarter, only 58,576 tons of wheat were shipped, and the balance will be shipped between this and the month of October. It is therefore no false optimism to state that the resources of national prosperity are sound. The statement is based on positive facts which all can verify. The industries pertaining to agriculture, such as distilleries, flour mills, and sugar factories, all participate in this progress. The maize distilleries, it is 128 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. calculated, now turn out 10,000,000 gallons of alcohol per annum, valued at $15,000,000. This great production up to the present has been sufficient only for local consumption, but considering its abundance and excellent quality, the day is not far distant when it will become an important staple of export. Flour mills are now one of the great industries of the country, employing much capital and thousands of hands. Local consumption is amply provided for, and there is a considerable surplus for export. In the first three months of the present year, 2,400 tons of flour were exported and the total export of the year will probably range from 10,000 to iz,ooo tons. The sugar-cane plantations have given excellent results, and homemade sugar refined in the Rosario refinery, which receives a bounty from the Government, is finding its way into the markets of the coast Provinces. The exportation of frozen meat has fallen off slightly, but the saladero indus- try has been very active. With regard to the exportation of frozen meat, the executive has the satisfaction of informing you that the meat-bounty law has been accepted, and that soon several freezing establishments of importance will be in working order in the coast provinces, and will necessarily prove of great benefit to the country. In the imports of 1889, we see the influence of the general prosperity that marked that year almost throughout its course, but it is a mistake to suppose that these heavy figures of imports represent mainly articles of unproductive consumption. Twenty years ago (1870) the ratio of importation per head was $27, of which $23 was for so-called unproductive consumption, and $4 for raw materials machines, agricultural implements, etc. The ratio in 1889 was $49 per head. The ratio of unproductive consump- tion remained the same at $23, but the ratio for raw materials, machinery, and manufactures, to give an impulse to the country's progress, had risen from $410 f 1 8. In the three years from 1887 to 1889, the importation of lumber and its appliances amounted to $29,392,000; that of metals, engines, implements of labor, etc., amounted to $54,702,000; that of materials for public works, tram- ways, railways, etc., to $55,478,000, a total of $139,572,000, gold, and all being elements to turn to account the wealth and resources of the country many of which are still untouched. Of this enormous amount, $65,482,000 gold, say nearly half, belongs to the year 1889. In these three years, the country has imported 83,721 plows, 3,351 corn shellers, 7,669 reaping machines, and 501 thrashing machines. Imports of coal which amounted to 333,798 tons in 1888, reached 658,054 tons in 1889. The imports of writing paper have doubled, and those of printing paper have trebled in this short time. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1 29 In articles of minor importance, one can trace the prosperity of the masses in the increased demand for articles now considered luxuries and superfluities. The imports of sugar, wine, textile goods, etc., are increasing, and show an increase also in the number of consumers and a grpwing ratio per head of population. It must be acknowledged, therefore, that if the country has spent money beyond the limits of prudence, the greater part of that expenditure has gone into articles that will give returns and will form an increase of capital and of pro- ductive power for the country; also, the unproductive expenses include many millions spent in the maintenance of thousands of workers who are only now becoming incorporated with our industries as factors of production and wealth. The figures of the foreign commerce for the year 1891 and for the first three months of the year 1 892 show that these expec- tations were fully realized. President Pelligrini, in his message to the Congress in May, 1892, made the following statements regarding the commerce of the country: The statistical returns for the year 1891 and for the first three months of the present year, prove that great progress has been made toward restoring the equilibrium of the economic conditions of the country; a condition that, in the end, depends upon the development of its resources, represented by the pro- duction of the country, which is consumed at home or exported abroad. In the year 1891, the official value of our exports amounted to $104,163,158, gold, against an importation of $76,421,415, gold, which gives a balance in favor of the country of $27,741,743; and for the first three months of the present year, the corresponding figures are, for the single custom-house of Buenos Ayres $23,875,447, gold, of exports, against $15,751,995' S0^^> °^ imports, which ohows that the ratio continues to favor the country, as the custom-house of Buenos Ayres represents 80 per cent of the total importations into the country, while it represents only 73 per cent of the total exportations. This satisfac- tory result has been reached in spite of the fact that the wheat crop was greatly damaged by the locusts and the excessive rains. The reduction of imports, at the same time that the production of the country increases, is of great moment at the present time, as it shows that the people have entered with resolution upon the road of economy, reducing their expenses so far as is compatible witft their comfort, and showing, also, the development of home industries, which, such as those engaged in the production of sugar, alco- hol, beer, tanned leather and shoes, woods, paper,, and some others, control the Bull. 67 9 130 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. market by the good quality and cheapness of their products, which suffice, in most cases, to satisfy the demand for home consumption. The $36,000,000 gold, more or less, which the commercial exchanges leave in favoi of the country for the fifteen months commencing January 1, 1891, and ending March 30 of the present year, represent so much new capital introduced into the country and destined to advance the general welfare. It is a notable fact that can not escape the attention of anyone versed in economic questions, that, in the midst of such an acute economic crisis as the one through which we have passed, the living forces represented by the pro- duction, have not only escaped unhurt, but have received a new impetus, and have shown themselves stronger than ever. Trade also, which has always been the first victim of such crises has not suffered, and to-day, is generally on a better footing than in previous years when prosperity seemed to be greater. The import trade was especially liable to be disturbed bythe crisis, but it has passed through almost untouched and to-day is reaping the benefit of last year's lucrative transactions and entering with renewed vigor upon the more active operations of the present year. This result must be attributed to the increase in the country's real wealth, the national production. The following statement shows the yearly increase in the domestic river traffic of the country from i88i to 1890: Dollars. | Dollars. 1881 27, 502, 468 I 1886 50, 899, 930 1882 29,961,149 I 1887 73,821,583 1883 36,650,347,1888 94,968,486 1884 44, 304. 876 j 1889 89, 978, 537 1885 48, 938, 876 I 1890 99, 520, 743 As can be seen by the above figures, this river traffic has doubled since 1886. In 189 1, the freight traffic of the railroads amounted to 6,000,000 tons. In the year 1890, 13,080 steamers entered and left the ports of the Republic, bringing and taking a total cargo of 9,580,36 1 tons, while the corresponding figures for the sailing vessels were 10,502 ships and 2,267,063 tons of carga Of the ] 3,080 steamers, 7,047 entered the ports of the Republic, while only 6,033 left them. Of the 13,080 steamers, the number of those carrying the Argen- tine flag were 6,749; 4'4^3 carried the English flag, 317 carried ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 101 the German, 23 carried the Belgian, 235 carried the BraziHan, 40 carried the Spanish, 380 carried the French, 186 carried the Italian, 31 carried the Paraguayan, 28 carried the Swedish, 1,622 carried the Unrguayan, and 47 carried other flags, but none of them carried the United States colors. Of the 6,826 sailing vessels, which entered the ports of the Republic only 57 carried the United States flag, while 1 ,060 carried the English flag. Of the z|4 steamers that left the ports of the United States for the ports of the Argentine Republic, only 1 7 got return cargoes ; the remaining 27 took cargoes to European ports, whence they came to America, making the customary triangular voyage of ships leaving the United States for the Argentine Republic. Yet from 1852 to 1867, the number of ships flying the United States flag that entered the Argentine ports was greatly in excess of that of those carrying other flags ; and between the years 1 860 and 1867, the commercial exchanges between the two countries amounted to 50 per cent of those with England and France, and to 80 per cent of those with Belgium, and were five times greater than the commercial exchanges between the Argentine Republic and Germany. Germany has since so much surpassed the United States, that, in 1890, its exports to the Argentine Republic amounted to $12,301,472 while the exports of the United States to the same country were only $9,000,000. No discrimination whatever is shown by the Argentine Republic against United States com- merce. Twenty per cent of the American importations enter free of duty, while Germany only introduces 6 per cent of its importa- tions free. In 1890, the Argentine Republic (which exports only $6,000,000 to the United States, while the United States exported $9,000,000 to the Argentine Republic) paid to the United States $1,677,009 for the importations of its articles, while the United States paid to Argentina only $1,389,261. The cause of the decline in the commercial exchanges between 132 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. the two countries, must be attributed, in a great measure, to the adoption of the system of protection by the United States when a prohibitory duty was imposed upon the wool and hides of the Argentine RepubHc, which, up to that time, had found a ready market in the United States. This step produced a veritable crisis in the Argentine Republic, from the effects ot which it did not recover until it had established sounder commercial relations with Europe, by sending to the markets ot the old world, the products not admitted into United States ports. In this way, the current of trade has deviated, as Argentine im- porters found it much easier and cheaper to buy, henceforth, the articles they had before imported from the U nited States, in E urope, where Argentine products were sold and converted into money. So long, then, as this condition remains unchanged, it seems im- possible for the United States to regain the advantageous position they previously held in the commerce of the Argentine Republic. The government of that country has always favored an extension ot trade, but the inhabitants will no doubt continue to buy what they need in the markets where their products are sold. * These unfavorable conditions are made even worse by the re- fusal of the majority of American merchants to follow the example set by their European rivals, who not only study the taste of their clients, but also the peculiar conditions under which a new country, in its first period of material development, finds itself European merchants understand the necessity of selling their goods on the * A dispatch from Washington to the N. Y. Herald, under date of January 30, 1894, saj's: "On account of suggestions made by the Argentina minister, Senor Zeballos] in regard to the removal of the duties from wools imported from his country to the United States, the Argentina Government has cabled that the Congress of that nation had taken off the duty on importation of crude American petroleum. This law was approved upon its being known in Argentina that the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives had placed wool on the free list. The Argentina minister believes his Government will also take off the present duty on lubricating oils and refined petroleum imported from the United States, of which great quantities are consumed in that country. Crude petroleum is used in immense quantities in Argen- tina, where it is employed as a fuel in competition with English coal. This indicates the opening of a new era, of mutual benefit and prosperity, for commerce between' the United States and Argentina." Inquiry at the Argentine legation in Washington confirmed these statements. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC 133 credit system, because they know that the farmer — and every Argen- tine is something of a farmer — is accustomed to buy on credit, paying punctually at the end of every year. Thus it is, that not one Argentine importing house, that buys and sells on credit, has failed during the late intense crisis that visited the country. Crops did not fail, cattle and sheep did not fail, and these are the true savings banks of the Republic. From them it is that the people draw the money to pay their honest debts. Extravagance anjd wild speculation may cause a decline in the value of bonds and make the premium on gold reach the hundreds, producing a finan- cial crisis for the time being; the country is none the poorer for it, but on the contrary, it learns a good lesson and applies itself to produce the capital which it has tried to create by speculation. This the Argentine Republic has done, being now able to export products amounting to as many millions of gold dollars as the paper money exports of former years. The imports of 1889 and 1890, were divided as follows: Imports. Live animals Food substances Wines and liquors , Tobacco Cloth ■.... Ready-made garments Chemical products Wood and its products Paper and its products Skins and their products Construction materials Glassware, earthenware and products of wax Iron and its products Metals and their products Fuel and light apparatus Miscellaneous 1889. 1890, Total. 164, 569,884 Dollars. 153.933 18, 350, 904 15,301,607 1,895, 7S8 24, 149, 242 8, 080, 180 4. 756, 797 12, 106, 858 3, 940, 824 2, 502, 796 24, 173, 749 6, 658, 646 24, 727, 113 3,871,811 7, 593, 810 6, 305, 826 Dollars, 400, 506 16, 411,458 12, 7go, 340 2, 554, 017 23, 491, 363 i>, 533. 603 3. 875, 542 7,399,412 3, 628, 598 1, 704, 709 36, 273, 504 4, 135, 523 9, 566, 752 2, 269, 662 6, 250, on 4,955,803 142, 240, 8l2 134 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. While the total reduction of imports, from one year to the other, amounted to $22,329,072, there was an increase of over $ 1 2,000,000 in the importation of construction materials for building railroads, etc. In food substances, wines, and liquors, there was a decrease of $5,000,000, owing, presumably, to a considerable increase in the home production of these articles. In cloth and ready-made garments, the decrease amounted to about $3,000,000, which would seem to indicate an increase in their home production. The same can be said of the importation of wood and its products (reduction, $4,707,446), skins and their products (reduction, $798,087), metals and their products (reduction, $1,602,149), glassware, earth- enware, etc. (reduction, $2,523,123), and other articles under the miscellaneous items, the reduction of which amounted to $1,350,023. The increase of $250,000 in the importation of live animals, all of which are of pure blood, is also worthy of note. The following statement gives the countries from which the imports of 1890 and 1891 came and the amount corresponding to each country: Country. Germany Belgium Bolivia Brazil Chile Spain United States France Italy Netherlands Paraguay Portugal Great Britain Sweden and Norway. Uruguay . . ., Other countries i8go. Total. Dollars. 12, 301, 472 10, 986, 710 85. 509 3. 354, 566 51,114 4, 302, 284 9, 301, 541 19,875,877 8, 663, 027 850, 121 1, 724, 050 no, 182 57,816,510 174, 360 5,885,758 6, 638, 172 i8gi. Dollars. 6, 200, 000 6, 500, 000 I, 500, 000 i, 600, 000 3, 400, 000 7, 900, 000 4, 200, 000 28, 300, 000 7, 600, 000 142, 240, 812 67, 200, 000 As can be seen, nearly half of the total imports came from Great Britain. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. / United States Consul Baker, of Buenos Aires, furnishes the following tables of imports and exports for 1891 : IMPORTS. Class of imports. Live animals Alimentarv substances Liquors Tobacco Woveu goods Ready-made clothing and confections Drugs and medicines Lumber, furniture, etc Paper, etc Leather, boots, and shoes Hardware, etc Materials for railways, etc Tin, brass, and other metallic wares . Earthen, glass, and stone wares Combustibles, etc Various manufactured articles Ship's stores, etc Total : 1891. Dollars. 150, 594 8, 223, 256 3,687, 198 457, 462 14,856,376 2. 333, 421 2, 405, 485 2, 360, 447 I, 574. 956 426, 293 4,517,420 17, 881,096 844, 551 1, 202, 952 4, 143, 808 2, 127, 503 14, 962 67, 207, 780 Decrease from 249, 922 8, 188, 202 9, 103, 14*2 2,096,555 8, 634, 987 4, 200, 182 1, 470, 057 5, 038, 665 2, 053, 642 1, 278,416 5, 049, 332 18, 392, 407 1,425, III 2, 932, 571 2, 106, 203 2, 708, 741 104, 597 75,033,032 EXPORTS. Class of exports. i8go. Products of the cattle and sheep in dustry ■Products of agriculture Products of industrial establishments Products of the forest Products of the mines Products of the chase , Various Total Dollars. 69, 162, 739 10, 107, 173 6, 305, 422 793. 297 1, 629, 160 122, 731 2, 074, 833 Dollars. 61, 306, 597 25,591,401 8, 999, 236 1,413,324 673, 690 346, 073 2, 488, 672 90, 195, 355 100, 818, 993 Dollars. 64, 102, 909 26, 542, 926 4, 229, 661 2, 145. 510 1,355,313 858,156 3, 984, 525 103, 219, 000 While there is not much difference [says Consul Baker] between the values of the exports of 1890 and 1891, in the matter of quantity the returns show that there was a decided increase. Thus the exports of wool in 1891 were 20,000 tons more than in 1890, and of wheat 68,000 tons more in 1891 than in 1890, and so with other items. The shipments of agricultural products are especially 136 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. worthy of note, on account of the rapidity with which during the last few years they have come to the front. A good wool season now and a large wheat crop in the coming harvest will do wonders in pulling the country through its troubles. As to trade with the United States, Consul Baker says: The movement of trade for the last year [1891 j between the United States and the Argentine Republic exhibits a very remarkable collapse. Compared with 1889, there is a decrease of $16,868,035, and with 1890, a decrease ot $7,708,093. Indeed, our commerce with this country has. gone back to the figures of twenty years ago. As a matter of some interest at this time, I give a table of trade with the Argentine Republic from 1872 to 1891, inclusive: Year. * Imports. Exports. Total trade. 1872 1S73 1S74 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 , 1886 1887 . 1888 , i88g 1890 , i8ql , Dollars. 3, 505, 994 5, 167,616 3, 949, 580 3, 069, 354 1, 180, 770 2, 249, 320 2, 773, 589 921,379 224, 743 268, no 054, 764 933, 054 454, 832 7, 006, 719 I 7, 673. 2S4 11,004,553 9, 909, 895 I 16, 801, 750 i 9, 301, 541 I 3, 445. 904 Dollars. 4, 312, 305 3, 032, 945 3, 747, 300 3,055,205 2, 393, 236 2, 415, 486 2, 547, 187 917, 676 126, 440 035, 714 956, 582 510, 574 064, S48 _ 563,841 3, 580, 406 5, 938, 808 6, 665, 520 7, 726, 6gi 6, 066, 958 4, 214, 502 Dollars. 7, 8i8, 299 8, 200, 561 7, 696, 884 6, 124, 599 4, 274, 006 4, 664, 806 5, 320, 776 7, 839, 055 8,351,183 8, 323, 824 8, 051, 346 8,443,628 11, 519, 680 12, 570, 560 II, 253, 690 16, 943, 361 16,575,415 24, 528, 441 15,368,499 7, 660, 406 Of the prospect for developing United States trade. Consul Baker says : From present appearances, I think for 1892 exports to the United States will quite reach the figures of 1890. The Argentine Republic, however, is a country which, for the most part, produces only raw materials — the bulk of its exports, as we have seen, consisting of wool, hides, skins, etc. If the United States have no market or an uncertain market for such articles or its fiscal laws are such that it ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. I37 will not pay to ship them to our ports, it is out of the question that our country can have a very large or a very reliable trade with the River Plate. During all the twenty years that I have been at this port, I have persistently sought to impress upon our Government the importanceof this fact, and have in my reports time and again suggested that modifications of such restrictions, thus stimulating a freer exchange of products, was "the key which would open a large recip- rocal trade between the United States and the Argentine Republic." I can only reiterate what I have heretofore so often said, and I do so at the request of American merchants dealing with the River Plate, in the hope — which they express — that something may be done to ease up the situation and give them the chance of a market for Argentine wools in the United States. There is no doubt that it would have a marked effect upon our commerce with this country — not merely in respect to the amount of shipments from here, but, what is more important to us, in the increase of the imports hither of our manufactured goods. It is well said that "business begets business," and the opening of our markets to the wools of this country would have a direct effect, not only in strengthen- ing our commercial relations with the people of the Argentine Republic, but — what is always desirable — in promoting their good will and bringing them, socially and politically, nearer to us. Upon the general subject of Argentine trade, Consul Baker makes the following statement : So far as the present prospects of the Argentine trade are concerned, it is the general impression among business men that the situation will continue to improve. From the depths of the depression which for the last two years has quite overwhelmed the external as well as internal commerce of the country, those engaged in mercantile pursuits are beginning very perceptibly to emerge. Though trade continues, and may still longer continue, restricted, at least it is moving on better and safer lines than it was before the crisis. If commercial confidence has not yet been fully returned, at least it some time since passed its aphelion, and Argentine credit is already once more freely discussed and can- vassed in business circles. The tables of imports show that the reckless over- . trading of late years has given place to much greater conservatism. A year ago, it was difficult for importers and merchants to know whom to trust, and all business was implicitly done on a cash basis; the banks restricted their discounts to the minimum, and even "gilt-edged" paper was neglected in the market. Now, once more, there is a very unmistakable movement for the better in com- mercial circles, and the exchange is again the crowded resort of those who buy and sell. Everybody seems impressed with the idea that the worst is over, and '38 ARGENTINE REPLBLIC. whatever may be the fate of the Government, will in due time be all right again in the markets of the world. I think that the outlook is more encouraging than it has been since the great collapse. * * * * * * * The liquidation which has been in progress here during the last year is one ot the best signs that business is gradually assuming a better tone. Not only have all schemes of wild speculation lost their hold upon the people, but the thousand and one joint-stock companies for a thousand and one different "short-cuts" to get rich are in process of being wound up; and, though the process has involved and is involving the ruin of many who invested their money in good faith, yet there is a genuine feeling of relief that these bubbles and financial swindles are being wiped out of existence. TRADE RETURNS FOR NINE MONTHS OF 1892. The commercial returns of the country for the nine months ended on the 30th of September, 1892, which have just been published by the Argentine statistical office [continues Mr. Baker], verv clearlv indicate this feeling of return- ing confidence in the increased figures of both imports and exports. The first three quarters of this year, compared with those of 1891, give the following figures : Description. 1891. 1892. Dollars. 56, 519, 196 79,555.376 Dollars. 68, 710, 051 89, 086, 982 Total 136, 074, 572 157. 797, 033 While these figures show an increase of §12,190,855 in imports over those for the corresponding time in 1891, they also exhibit an increase of $9,531,606 in the exports, while there is likewise a trade balance of $20,376,931 in favor of the exports of the country. The following table gives the imports from and the exports to each country for the first three quarters of 1892 : Country. Imports. Exports. Dollars. Germany { 7, 158, 152 West Indies Belgium I 4,473,270 Bolivia. I 38. 021 Brazil | 1,568,111 Dollars. 12, 710, 178 S93. 448 II, 512,669 487, 648 8, 735. 282 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 139 Country, Imports. Exports. Chile Spain United States France Italy Holland Paraguay Portugal Great Britain Norway and Sweden .... Uruguay Countries not designated Total Dollars, 65, 862 I, 602, 890 3,734,710 7. 381, 039 5,650, 221 120,689 1, 262, 175 19, 472 25, 406, 145 14, 694 2, 823, 912 1,052,709 .Dollars. 1,155.418 I, 784, 664 3,418, 190 19. 234. 557 3. 332. 384 2,700 244, 519 114. 311 17,246,353 64. 797 2.329,717 3. 908, 542 62, 372, 072 87, 165, 377 These returns can not be regarded otherwise than as very satisfactory, and, if the imports continue to be kept down and the exports to increase with an annual balance on the Argentine side of the ledger, ihere can not fail to be a very marked easing up of the exchange market; and the country will be the better off by the difference. The following table shows the amount of imports in each branch of trade for the first nine months of 1892, not including gold importations, compared with the same for the corresponding period in 1891 : Articles. 1891. 1892. Live stock Alimentary substances Liquors Tobaccos Spun and woven goods Ready-made clothing and confections. Drugs and chemicals Lumber and its applications Paper and its applications Leather and its applications Iron and its applications Railway and other materials Various metals and their applications Glass and stoneware Combustibles, kerosene, etc Various manufactured articles Total Imports of gold Grand total Dollars. 122, 274 5. 775, 349 2. 779. 353 321, 776 11,081. 742 I, 904, 192 1, 749, 912 2, 092, 349 I, 208, 946 330, 238 3, 122, 694 13. 279. 545 646, 109 I, 006, 580 3, 107, 212 1,595,496 Dollars. 360, 790 9, 608, 067 4, 369, 891 264, 294 20, 148, 138 2, 8l2, 141 2. 537, 733 2, 518, 521 1, 807, 490 447, 038 5, 866, 119 2, 904, 649 684. 585 1, 131, 796 4, 737, 112 2, 173. 708 50, 118, 767 6, 400, 429 62, 372, 072 6, 337. 979 56, 519, 196 68, 710,051 140 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. And the following table gives the exports in each branch of industry for the first nine months of 1892, compared with those of the same period in 1891 : Articles. Products of the cattle and sheep industry Agricultural products Industrial products Products of the forests Products of the mines Products of the chase Animal and vegetable sundries Various articles Total Exports of gold Grand total 1891. 1893. Dollars. Dollars. 55,432,875 55, 569, 614 13.133,972 24, 061, 570 3, 542, 829 4, 102, 461 1,571,462 694, 354 1,087,558 543, 789 836, 497 315,862 940, 949 I, 240, 472 1, 431. 996 627, 295 77,978,138 • 87, 165, 377 1, 577, 238 I, 921, 605 79,555,376 89, 086, gSr,- The promise presented by these figures, especially in the exports of agricultural products, strengthens the belief I have already expressed that the hope of the country is ultimately in great part to be found in the development of its farming interests. RETURNS FOR THE WHOLE YEAR 1892. Complete figures for 1892 are given in a report to the British foreign office under date of March 1, 1893, by the British legation at Buenos Aires. From this statement, it appears that the imports in gold dollars for 1892 were: Subject to duty, 77,068,110; free, 14,320,100; bullion, 6,510,798; total, 97,899,008. The exports for 1892 in gold dollars were: Subject to duty, 73,846,039; free, 38,84^909; bullion, 1,974,477; total, 114,667,425. Excess of exports over imports, $16,778,417. The increase in the total vol- ume of trade in 1892, as compared with 1891, was $35,000,000. The following tables, from the same source,* show the countries from which imports were received, with their amounts, in 1892, and the countries to which the products of the Republic were exported : *The figures given are in round numbers, and do not differ materially from those contained in the statement for 1892 of the Department of Statistics of the Argentine Republic, which was received after the compiladon of this handbook had been com- pleted. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. IMPORTS, 1892. 141 From— Value in gold. United Kingdom Germany France Italy United States . . , Belgium Various Total Dollars. 35, 800, 000 10, 600, 000 10, 400, 000 8, 400, 000 7, 400, 000 6, 700, 000 12, 100, 000 91, 400, 000 The following table shows the destination of the exports (exclusive of bul- lion): EXPORTS, 1892. To- France United Kingdom Germany Belgium Brazil United States . . Italy Various Total \''alue in gold. Dollars. 26, 400, 000 19, 700, 000 16, 600, 000 14, 700, 000 10, 500, 000 4, 800, 000 4, 300, 000 15, 700, 000 112, 700, 000 Adding the imports and exports, the total volume of trade with the various countries is shown as follows : TOTAL TRADE, 1892. Country. United Kingdom France Germany Belgium Brazil Italy United States . . . Spain Chile Various Total Value in gold. Dollars. 55, 500, 000 36, 800, 000 27, 200, 000 21, 400, 000 12, 600, 000 12, 500, 000 12, 200, 000 4, 600, 000 2, 000. 000 19, 300, 000 204, 100, 000 142 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The following table shows the figures representing the values of the principal articles of importation in which there has been a marked increase or decrease: IMPORTS, 1891 and 1892. Articles. Value in srold. 1892. Olive oil Refined sugar Common wine in casl^s Woven and spun goods, including sackcloth Wood, chiefly pine , Iron and machinery Railway materials Coal and fuel Dollars. 905, 088 2, 127, 785 2, 311, 649 14, 856, 376 2, 360, 447 4,517,420 16, 047, 485 4, 143, 808 Dollars, I, 969, 293 3.481,572 3. 650, 579 30, 617, 216 3, 712, 206 10, 339. 250 2.953.152 6, 095, 642 The importation of iron goods and machinery has more than doubled, and there has been a similar increase in the importation of textiles. The quantities of the principal articles exported compare with the returns of 1891 as follows: EXPORTS, 1891 and 1892. Articles. Quantity. 1891. 1892. Wool Tons. 138, 100 24, 200 66, 400 405, 000 66, 000 12, 000 30, 000 Tons. 154, 600 32, 100 77.700 495. 000 446, 000 43, 000 39. 200 Sheepskins ... Meat Wheat Linseed Hay There has been great increase in the exportation of meat and also of wheat and the quantity of maize exported in 1892 is more than six times that exported in the previous year. The preceding table shows at a glance the enor- mous strides made by agriculture in the Argentine Republic during the last year. As has already been pointed out in previous reports, the customs valuation of many articles of trade is much too high, especially as regards the imports, so that the figures representing the total valume of trade can not be regarded as accurate; it is, however, extremely difficult to ascertain to what extent they are exaggerated. Returns for the first six months of 1893 have been published. According to these, the total imports for that period were ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. lAQ $47,600,000, gold, and the exports, $70,200,000, gold. This shows an increase, as compared with 1892, of 25 per cent in imports and 6 per cent in exports. The Buenos Aires Standard, however, asserts that the official valuations are to high and that the real figures would be, imports, $39,600,000, and exports, $46,800,000. The import trade shows an increase in every item except sugars. As regards exports there is a great fall in wool and an equally- remarkable increase in grain. The decrease in wool exports is $9,000,000, and the increase in grain $10,600,000. According to the report of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, U. S. Treasury Department, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, ^^ imports of merchandise by the United States from the Argentine Republic and the exports from the United States to • that country, during the fiscal years 1892 and 1893, were: Imports. Year. Free. Dutiable. Total. t8q2 Dollars. 3,921,623 3, 843, 843 Dollars. 1,422,175 1,395,252 Dollars. 5, 343, 798 5, 239, ogs i8qi Exports. Year. Domestic. Foreign. Total. 1892 . 1893. Dollars. 2, 643, 325 4, 786, 567 Dollars. I'ii,, 163 193, 129 Dollars. 2, 927, 488 4, 979, 696 Total trade in 1893, $10,218,791. COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH FRANCE. The official text of the treaties of commerce entered into, respec- tively, on the 4th of July and the 19th of August, 1892, between the Republic of Uruguay and the Argentine Republic with the French Republic was proclaimed at Paris on the 10th of June, 1893. 144 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. France and Uruguay reciprocally guarantee to each other treat- ment upon the footing of the most favored nation in everything relating to the "domiciliation and settlement of their respective citizens in their respective territories, and in all matters connected with commerce, navigation, the importation, exportation, and transit of merchandise, the assessment and payment of customs duties, and all acts and operations required for the carrying out of commerce or of any industry, and the payment of taxes or charges." But the Republic of Uruguay reserves the right to grant for her own benefit, and whenever deemed by her to be advisable, to either of her neighbors, Brazil, the Argentine Republic, or Para- guay, special commercial favors and advantages without thereby entitling France to claim the same privilege. This exception does not apply, however, to a certain number of articles, such as wines, manufactures of silk, wool, or cotton, passementerie articles, refined sugar, prepared skins and furs, leather or skin articles, house furniture, implements, machinery, and in general, all articles of merchandise similar to the French, which shall always fall under the general provision. The coastwise trade in each country is also exempted from the operation of the treaty and lefi: subject exclusively to the respective municipal legislation. The Franco-Argentine treaty, which substantially contains no more than one provision, stipulates expressly that no favor or immunity of any kind shall ever be granted by either nation to the flag or the commerce of another nation without the same favor or immunity being per se and zpso facto granted to the flag or the commerce of the Argentine Republic or of France, and that in consequence thereof, citizens as well as vessels and merchandise , of either country in the territory or within the jurisdiction of the other will ever be treated, especially in so far as customs duties are concerned, upon the same tooting as the citizens, vessels, and merchandise most favored either by law or treaty. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1 4 ^ Both treaties shall remain in force until the expiration of one year subsequent to the date in which either contracting party gives notice to the other of its desire to terminate the agreement. NATIONAL FINANCES. Of the national finances of the Republic, Consul Baker says : The financial condition of the Government of the Argentine Republic is the great stumbling block in the way of the recovery of the country from the effects of the crisis, as, indeed, it was the prime cause of the crisis itself. It is difficult to know the true figures of the nation's liabilities, for the reason that there is a wide discrepancy in the statements made by different officials. Whatever may be the exact figures, however, the outstanding obligations of the Government are sufficiently large to have placed at fault the financial ability of all the min- isters of the treasury since ex-President Roca to provide the ways and means to protect them. After an elaborate review of the subject Mr. Baker sums up the situation at the close of the year 1892 as follows : We have — (1) An outstanding issue of cedulas, national and provincial, amounting to $362,680,000, on which the interest has not been paid for two years, and for which the banks have a moratorium [deferred claim] for four years. (z) An outstanding issue of national bank notes amounting to $283,764,862, for the redemption of which, after the default of the banks, the Government assumed the liability of the banks by a law making them legal tender (curso legal) in the payment of debts, said notes now being worth about 30 cents on the dollar and the bonds by which they are secured being worth about 50 cents on the dollar. (3) A bonded national indebtedness amounting to over !|400,ooo,ooo, the interest on the greater portion of which had been arranged to be paid for three years by the issue of other bonds. A special report made to the British Foreign Office in Novem- ber, 1892, gives the following table, showing national debt and revenue compared according to Argentine statistics for the years 1870-91 : Bull. 07 10 146 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 1870.. 1875 . . 1880 . . 1885 .. 1889 .. 1890 . 1891*. National debt. £% 425, 000 16, 443, 000 17, 125, 000 23, 488, 000 58, 563,000 70, 587, 000 73, 865,000 Revenue. £% 041, 000 3,527,000 4, 017, 000 5, 674, 000 7, 054, 000 5, 805,000 4, 107, 000 *Thi8 includes internal debt in paper, £2,405,000. Since 1889, the revenue has declined while the national debt has increased. It was mentioned before that the service on the whole debt (including "cedulas" and municipal loans) was ;^7, 767,000, or nearly double the revenue of the Republic in 1891. Comparing the years 1870 and 1891, we find the revenue has only increased 35 per cent while the population has probably increased no per cent in that period. The revenue per inhabitant to-day is about ^ 1 , whereas in 1870 it was about j[^\,\is. The Review of the River Plate for August 5, 1893, states that the ad referendum agreement between Senor Dominguez, the Argentine envoy, and Lord Rothschild, relating to the Argentine debt agreement, was signed on July 3. The total debt provided for under this agreement is ^44, 1 52,975. The total interest to be paid from July 12, 1893, ^° J^^Y ^^' 1898, is ;,^ 1,565,000 per annum. In subsequent years, gradual approximation to the payment of full interest on all the loans is to be made, and after January, 12, 1901, the full sum for interest and sinking funds is to be provided. From the budget submitted to the Argentine Congress in Au- gust, 1893, ^'^ appears that the actual service of the public debt in 1894 will require : Foreign Internal . . . . Bank bond. Total . Gold. Dollars. 7, 890, 000 3, 100, 000 I, 8jo, 000 12, 800, 000 i. 1, 565, 000 615, 000 360, 000 2, 540, 000 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. l^y "The National Government," says the Finance Minister, "feel lustified in congratulating the Argentine people on the resumed 'service of the foreign debt in hard coin, on a reduced scale of interest, as conceded by the London bondholdei-s, which is, more- over, of great benefit to the treasury. The fatal effects of the ill- omened moratorium of 1891 are in this manner remedied." According to information from Buenos Aires, dated October 12, 1893, ^^^ National Finance Minister, Dr. Terry, in a state- ment to Congress, referred at length to the financial situation, and pointed out. improvements in the resources of the country. The production is increasing, and the State, he declared, will be able to fulfill its engagements. He subsequently laid upon the table the bills announced by Government dealing with the finances. These measures favor the adoption of the Romero agreement with the Rothschild Committee, and propose the destruction by fire of $ 1 30,000,000 of free bank bonds, besides paper currency. By means of economies in the estirpates, the minister calculates that the budget for 1894 will show a surplus of $4,000,000 in paper. He also promises to settle the railway guaranties. No further debt will be contracted, and no further stocks of any kind will be issued. Further issues of currency will be prohibited, and pro- vision will be made in the budget of ordinary expenditure for burning annually currency to the amount of not less than six millions, which may be increased to twelve millions. Chapter XII. LEGAL AND SOCIAL STATUS OF FOREIGNERS — IMMIGRATION. The legal status of foreigners has been so well defined by Mon- sieur Daireaux, who resided ten years in the Argentine Republic, that it will be again of interest to quote from his book, " Life and Customs of the River Plate:" At the close of the year 1880, Chile was at war with Peru, and nearly the whole territory of the latter country was under the dominion of the first. There had been battles fought in Charrillos and Mirraflores, near the city of Lima, the Chilean army coming out again victorious. They found that among the prisoners of war taken were some Frenchmen and Italians, and without pity, thev were put to the sword by the Chinese who accompanied the Chilean army. The news of this slaughter caused a profound sensation throughout the Ameri- can continent. Nowhere else was the indignation greater than in the city oi Buenos Aires. A committee of the press was formed to protest against this violation of American law. This committee instructed me to write the protest, which was read at a public meeting and transmitted afterwards to the French and Italian representatives in Lima and Santiago. The spirit which animated me as a foreigner, who had resided on American soil, enjoying all the rights and privileges to which any native could pretend, inspired me with the idea of summing up the principles of American public law in this axiom, the truth of which no one can doubt : " In America, there are no foreigners." In the Argentine Republic, more than in any other countrv of America, this principle has a broader application, dominating the public and the civil laws. In the Argentine Republic, no law obliges the foreigner, who intends residing within its territory, to disown his own flag and become a naturalized citizen. He can, without losing his national identity, acquire property and transmit it to his heirs, without having to pay in any form whatever any special tax on 14S ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. l^y account of being a foreigner. He can be elected to municipal offices and become a member of the board of directors of State banks. He can exercise all the liberal professions, and act as tutor, administrator, and trustee. He can teach and express his opinions freely in the press. He can join the army or navy, and, in a word, he enjoys all the rights of a free man, except that of being an elector. Ships of all flags and from all countries can enter and navigate the Argentine rivers, and no restriction is imposed upon foreigners in the management of rail- roads. According to the twenty-sixth article of the Constitution, foreigners enjoy all the civil rights of citizens. They can practice their professions, follow every channel of business, acquire and dispose of property, navigate the interior rivers, practice their religion, make wills, and marry in conformity with the law. In no case, are they compelled to becqme naturalized, and no extraordinary con- tribution can be exacted from them. But this is not the only article which guarantees the rights of foreigners. Everywhere, the Constitution employs the term " inhabitants of the nation." It is "to the inhabitants of the nation, and not exclusively to its citizens, that the Constitution guarantees all the rights that constitute individual liberty, liberty of conscience, freedom of speech, freedom of meeting, inviolability of property, of the person, and of the domicile. Those wishing to enjoy political rights can easily do so. To become a nat- uralized citizen it is enough to have taken part in an action of war, to have held a public office, built a railroad, been a member of an agricultural colony, or to have married an Argentine woman. Any of these conditions will shorten the two years of residence in the country, which also suffices to acquire naturaliza- tion papers. Naturalized citizens are exempted by the Constitution from all military service for ten years after naturalization, being thus placed in a better position than the natives themselves, who, the Constitution declares, "are under the obligation of arming them- selves in defense of the country and of the Constitution," and it adds, " naturalized citizens are free to render this service or not for ten years after receiving their naturalization papers." The twenty-fifth article of the Constitution declares : " The Federal Government will encourage European immigration and can not restrict, limit, or tax in any manner whatever the entrance 150 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. into Argentine territory of foreigners coming with the object of cultivating the land, of bettering the industries, and of introducing and teaching science and the arts." The wisdom of the liberality with which foreigners are treated is freely attested by the number of immigrants who have made their homes in' the Argentine Republic. The following statement shows the number of immigrants who arrived from 1861 to 1891 : Year. Number. 1861-70 1871-80 i88r-'go 1891 Total 31 years 184, 500 432, 100 , 089, 600 75,400 I, 781, 600 Per year. 18,450 43. 210 loS, 960 75.400 The total number of immigrants then, up to the year 1892, is 1,781,600, which is a very high figure if the total population of the country is taken into consideration. Adding to this number the foreigners arriving as passengers, and the immigrants not recorded (those coming via Montevideo during the years 1857-66 are not counted in the above statement), a round number of 2,000,000 is reached. The following statement shows the nationalities of the immi- grants who came direct from Europe, up to the year 1889: Nationalitj.. Italians. . Spaniards French . . English . . Austrians Swedes. . . Number of immigrants. 734, 733 215,805 118,934 28,919 20, 993 19. 643 Nationality. Germans Belgians Miscellaneous Number of immigrants. Total. 17. 870 16, 311 35. 730 I, 208, 938 Since 1888, Italian immigration has begun to decline, owing to the fact that the Government took measures to encourage ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Ij'l immigration from Northern Europe, so as to equalize as much as possible the number of immigrants of each nationality. Thus, in 1889, Italian immigration represented 40 per cent of the total arrivals, while in 1888, it represented 58 per cent. The immigration law, which fixes the number of immigrants that can be carried in a steamer, protects the immigrant from the time he embarks until he reaches the place in the Argentine Republic where he wishes to reside. The department of immigration lands him without cost, shelters him for five days in Buenos Aires, and pays his railroad or steamer expenses to the place where he wishes to settle. The labor bureau finds employment for those immigrants who desire to be employed, and has a greater demand for immigrants than the number of those who seek employment through its office. Thus, in 1889, there was a demand for 80,821 immigrants, while the bureau only gave employment to 48,668. The remaining 212,241 immigrants who arrived that year found employment without resorting to the labor bureau ; which only shows how easily employment can be found in any occupation. This explains also the high wages that are paid, as these vary according to the supply; the demand for laboring men being always greater than the supply, even in those years when the number of new arrivals has been greatest. This condition of affairs explains the assertion of Monsieur Daireaux, that "everything is cheap except labor." Labor, in fact, is as dear, or dearer, than in the United States, although the cost of living is much cheaper. Regarding the conditions of life of foreigners. Monsieur Dair- eaux has made the following truthful observations : One of the things that every foreigner must expect is to become imbued with the spirit of the democratic medium in which he finds himself. It is impossible to escape the transformation. Every foreigner coming from a monarchical or oligarchic country loses, little by little, his traditional ideas, and enters into the life of the country. This transformation is called being "Americanized." 152 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. The "American" manner of working is to- simplify work and equalize results without seeking perfection, limiting things to what is useful. The "American " way of thinking is to free the imagination from the influence of old legends, to have faith in one's efforts, and not recognize in others more than a relative superiority. An American (he is speaking of Argentines) will consult the opinion of a lawyer, a doctor, an engineer, or any other professional man ; but he does not consider himself inferior to anv of the above ; he simply declares that his occu- pation does not allow him to gather the knowledge that professional men have, and he buys their advice, as he would buy wheat for his mill or a plow for his land. Those ideas, which are attributed exclusively to North Americans of English origin, prevail also among Spanish Americans.. The latter, as well as the former, recognize no social superiors, and have the same disdain for decorations and titles of nobility. Manv titled families established themselves in the Spanish colonies, and these, as well as the officials of these colonies, never renounced the privilege of carry- ing a sword and cap, and of engraving their coat of arms on the front of their houses. Very different have been the proceedings of their descendants. Thev have never given the least importance to these signs of European vanity; and they not only have resigned carrying a sword, but have also taken down their coat of arms and left off using the tamily titles which made their fathers so proud. They are satisfied to belong to a tamily founded by some one who acquired dis- tinction during the war of Independence, or by some one who has rendered other important services to the state. Regarding the officials ot the Governments, thev never pretend to be espe- cially honored by their oflice. Their merits and defects are well known and public opinion places them where their personal qualities place them, notwith- standing the office they hold. Very soon, the assimilation of the different nationalities takes place, the for- eigners adopting the customs ot the natives, and these adopting from the former whatever may be of value. This assimilation does not prevent the formation by the different colonies of societies and clubs and the establishment of special schools, hospitals, churches, etc. Some groups have a liking for certain sorts of occupation, not interesting themselves in anything else. Certain agricultural colonies are established exclusively by S\\ iss, others bv Italians, and one is com- posed exclusively of ^^"elshmen, while, although Frenchmen have not established exclusively any agricultural colony, they predominate in several colonies by their number and influence. The foreign periodicals, which are published in all languages, in Buenos Aires ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 153 deserve special study; by their number and importance, they constitute one of the greatest elements in the social life of that great city. Some of the earlier foreign newspapers published were French; the first of these being founded in 1818. Since then, there have always been French newspapers in Buenos Aires, some having a long existence, others a shorter one, there being sometimes two newspapers published at the same time in that language. For twenty years, one among them has outlived all the others, having acquired just as good a standing as the Courier des Etats-Unis in the United States; it is the Courier de la Plata, a daily paper, of the size of Le Temps, and which was founded in 1865 by Monsieur Bernheim, and, in 1882, was turned into a corporation; it has a special correspondent in Paris. From 1880 to 1883, another equally important paper, L'Union Frangaise, was published, the proprietorship and editorship of which I abandoned when I left Buenos Aires. It has been replaced by L'Independant. The Italian colony has several papers, the Opera Italiana, founded in 1872; the Patria Italiana, founded in 1876, and many weekly papers. The German colony has the Deutsche Plata Zeitung, founded in 1877, and others. The English colony has, among others, the Standard, which is very much read, very well informed, and has been edited since i860 by its proprietor, Mr. Mulhall, of Irish origin. The North American colony has the Buenos Aires Herald, founded in 1874. The Spanish colony, although- the local papers are published in Spanish, has also several special papers, the most important of which are El Correo Espanol, founded in 1872, and La Nacion Espanola, founded in 1880. I do not mention a great number of weekly publications, issued in all languages, which, although they have not the importance of those already mentioned, still show in each colony an activity worthy of note. One of the best satirical illustrated papers. El Mosquito, founded in 1863, belongs to a Frenchman, Monsieur Henri Stein. Each colony has numerous mutual benefit associations and societies for the aid of new arrivals, without mentioning all the associations for musical and general enjoyment. There are twenty French societies, whose different presidents some- times assemble and discuss matters relating to the colony. Every year, the council of presidents assembles to organize the fetts which the colony celebrates every 14th of July. This fete is one of the most noted events in the life of foreigners in the Argentine Republic. This is not the oxAj fete which the 40,000 Frenchmen of Buenos Aires cele- brate. Without mentioning the concerts and balls which each society gives, the colony has a fair-bazaar every year, for the benefit of the French hospital. It is held in the spring, lasting a whole month, and is called the fair of St. Cloud, 154 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. in imitation of the fetes of the same name, which are held in that beautifiil suburb of Paris; the organizers of these^e^w have reunited the same elements of amuse- ment with the difference that in Buenos Aires everything is sold and taken charge of by the young ladies and young men of the colony. The net results, amounting to $6,000 or $8,000, after paying all expenses, are employed in the maintenance of the French hospital. The hospital was established in 1832. It belongs to the French Philanthropic Society of the River Plate, of which every Frenchman can be a member by paying 2 francs a month, and its membership now is over 3,000. Each mem- ber has the privilege, without further expense, of being taken care of in the hospital, whatever his disease may be. The old building proved to be too small, and was therefore replaced by a new one occupying 2 hectares of ground in the suburbs of the city ; it comprises separate departments for the men, women, and children, and a fourth for cases of emergency that happen at night. It has also a large hall in which members of the Philanthropic Society hold their meetings. The Spanish, Italian, English, and German hospitals are in no way inferior to the French hospital; they all show the spirit of union and solidarity which characterizes the members of each colony. It is impossible to enumerate the number of societies which each colony has founded. The most numerous are the Italian societies, that reach the number of 200 throughout the Republic. Nowhere, do the foreign societies find any trouble in their sphere of action in this country, where the liberty of meeting and association is guaranteed by the constitution. Although the sons of foreigners born in the Argentine Republic are Argen- tine citizens, the tendency of each group to perpetuate differences of race is looked upon by some as dangerous to the future stability of the national institu- tions. The state, however, has not taken any measures to overcome such visionary dangers, and tries only to centralize education ; foreigners having also a tendency to give their sons a special educational training in their own language. There are many English, Italian, French, and some German schools. In the first, which are quite aristocratic, only a business education is given. The French schools prepare their pupils to enter the national universities. The Italian schools give only primary education in Italian to the sons of laboring men. Sons of Italians wishing to acquire the necessary knowledge to exercise the liberal professions ' must pursue the course of studies of the national college, which opens to them the doors of the university. Foreigners, without having studied in the local schools, can exercise the ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ICC liberal professions. It suffices for them to exhibit their diplomas and to pass the general examination which the law prescribes. In Buenos Aires, there are eight French doctors, and several more in the other cities. At present, there is not one French lawyer exercising his profes- sion, although the laws do not impose any obstacles to the practice of this pro- fession before the courts. It is only necessary to pass a general examination on matters taught in the faculty of law, which are civil, penal, commercial, inter- national, constitutional, Roman, and canonical law, civil and criminal proceed- ings, and political economy. Of course, to pass the examination, which is a long one, it is necessary to know the Spanish language well and to have made a previous study of the laws of the country. To exercise the profession, with success, it is also necessary to have made a study of the manners and customs of the people and to be acquainted with men and the customs of the bar. All this is not accomplished in one day or in one year, and doubtless these obstacles have a great deal to do in withholding from the exercise of this lucrative profession many foreigners who would otherwise be able to render in its practice many good services to their countrymen. For Spaniards, the difficulties are less. They have the advantage of their language and the similarity of legislation. Some Italians also figure at the bar, but no Englishmen, Belgians, or Germans have entered it. The field is open, then, to the sons of foreigners born in the Argentine Republic, who, having the knowl- edge of the language of their fathers and of that of the country, can be of special service to foreigners. There is a vast field for the operations of the engineer, and foreign engineers figure in the first rank. They are generally employed in great public works, the construction of harbors, and the building of railroads. French engineers are scarce, as French capital is less employed than English. The foreigner who, from any part of the world, disembarks in Buenos Aires, need not fear having to remain isolated or being unable to find people from his own country. He will soon enter into the social life of the natives, where his merits and his efforts will give him a proper place. As to the more recent phases of immigration, United States Consul Baker, of B'uenos Aires, says : The general depression in all departments of industry consequent upon the crisis has had a marked effect upon immigration to the Argentine Republic during the last year. The departures have very considerably exceeded the arrivals. The figures for 1891, compared with i8go, are as follows: 1 ^6 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Movement. 1890. 1891. Arrivals 138, 407 82, gSl 73. 597 Departures . go, 936 Thus, while in 1890 there was a net gain of 55,426 immigrants, there was in 1891 an actual loss of 17,339. It must be said, however, that the greater number of departures were of persons who were unwilling to try their chances in the interior, but lingered here in Buenos Aires in a state of impecuniosity, without work and with no desire to work; and their loss has been well made up by the new arrivals, who were mostly agricultural families, and who have found profitable employment in the agricultural colonies. It may be well to state that the Argentine Government has entirely abolished the system of paying immigrant passages to this country, thus saving to the treasury millions of dollars and from the River Plate the refuse of European paupers. The minister of the interior reports that the sum paid by th? Gov- ernment to bring out immigrants from Europe on their guaranties amounts to $5,315,000, of which only $54,000 have been refunded — that is to say, 99 per cent of the money is lost. Under date of June 20, 1893, Acting Consul Gastrell makes a report to the British Foreign Office, in which he states that in 1892 immigration exceeded emigration by some 29,000 persons, whereas in 1891 emigration exceeded immigration by nearly 30,000 peo- ple. " The Argentine Government," he adds, " is now desirous of paying more attention to the necessities of immigrants, especially in the direction of enabling them to purchase small lots of land. It is proposed to considerably revise land legislation by a bill shortly to be laid before the National Congress." Continuing, Mr. Gastrell says : Immigration has in the last five years been most erratic, largely due to the extensive subsidies to immigrants, granted in the years 1888 to 1890 (see Report No. 216, Miscellaneous Series), at a cost of ^800,000 to the Argentine Gov- ernment, whereby a forced immigration of 134,081 persons was obtained. In 1886, immigration numbered 93,116 persons; in 1889, it had soared to 260,909. But in the following year, 1890, it fell to 1 10,494 only> in spite of 20, 12 /per- sons obtained by subsidized passages. In 1891, immigrants were reduced to ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 157 52,097, or less than the number of emigrants by 29,835 persons. The year 1892 shows a slight upward movement in the line of immigration * * * after its headlong fall since 1889. In 1892, immigrants numbered 73,294 and emigrants 43,853. The excess of immigration or emigration for the last five years is given in the following table : Table comparing immigration and emigration during the years 1888— gj. Tears, Immigration. Emigration. Gain or loss to Argentine Re- public. 1888* 155.632 260, 909 no, 594 . 52, 097 73. 294 16, 842 40, 649 82,981 81, 932 43. 853 + 138,790 + 220, 260 i88q . + 27, 517 1891 — 29, 835 + 29,441 1892 . . . . ... Total . 652, 526 21, 876 266, 257 15, 500 + 386, 269 + 6> 376 *The years 1888 to August, 1891, were those of subsidized immigration and include 134,081 persons so subsidized. This return shows the Argentine Republic gained 652,526 persons by immi- gration in the past five years, of whom 246,159 were Italians; that 266,257 left the country, leaving, however, a net gain of 386,269 immigrants. The year i8gi shows a net loss to the country of 29,835 persons, largely former immigrants, a result of the economic and financial crisis of 1890, and from which the country has now partially recovered. The excess of immigration over emigration in 1892 was slightly over that in 1890, and it really represents more, as 20,121 immigrants in 1890 were subsi- dized by the State. Appendix A. CONSTITUTION OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. [Translated for the Bureau of the American Republics, Deceniber, iSgj.^ We, the representatives of the people of the Argentine Nation, elected, as previously agreed upon, by the Provinces which form said Nation, and assembled by their will in a general constituent congress for the purpose of framing a Constitution for the National Union, fixing their relations upon substantial foundations of justice, securing domestic peace, providing for the common defense, promoting the general welfare, and securing the benefits of liberty for ourselves, our descendants, and for all men of whatever country who may desire to live upon the Argentine soU — after having invoked the protection of God, source and origin ot all reason and justice — do hereby make, order, and decree the following Constitution of the Argentine Nation. Chapter I. — Declarations, Rights, and Guaranties. Article I. The Argentine Nation adopts for its Government the federal republican repre- 'entacive form, as established by this Constitution. Article II. The Federal Government contributes to the support of the Apostolic Roman Catholic church. Article III. The authorities of the Federal Government shall reside in such city as may be declared, by special act of Congress, to be the capital of the Republic. But a proper cession of the locality which through this action shall become federal must have been made previously by one or more of the provincial legislatures.* *A law passed in 1880 established the national capital in the city of Buenos Aires ceded by the Legislature of the State of the same name. 158 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. irg Article IV. The Federal Government shall provide for the expenses of the Nation out of the funds of the National Treasury, to be formed as follows, namely: By the import duties levied on foreign merchandise, and by those to be levied until 1866 on the export of the domestic products, all as established and regulated in paragraph No. i of Article LXVII; * by the proceeds of the sale or lease of national lands; by the revenues of the postal service; by such taxes as the • National Congress may levy, equitable and in proportion to the population; and by such loans and operations of credit which the same Congress may decree to be made in cases of urgent national necessities, or for works or undertakings of national utility. Article V. Every Province shall have its own constitution, framed upon the basis of a republican representative system of government, and in harmony with the prin- ciples, declarations, and guaranties of the I^ational Constitution, which shall provide for the administration of justice, the administration of the local gov- ernment, and the imparting of primary ' instruction. Upon these conditions, the Federal Government guarantees to each Province the practice and enjoyment of its own institutions. Article VI. The Federal Government shall intervene in the territory of the Provinces to guarantee the republican form of government or to repel foreign invasion, and, at the request of their constituted authorities, to sustain them in power, or to reestablish them if deposed by sedition or by invasion from ano'ther Province. Article VII. Full credit shall be given in each Province to the public acts and judicial pro- ceedings of all the others ; and Congress shall have the power to provide by general laws the manner in which such acts and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect they shall have in law. Article VIII. The citizens of each Province shall enjoy in all the others all the rights, priv ileges, and immunities of citizenship. The extradition of criminals from om province to another is reciprocally obligatory. *The words printed in italics were ordered to be stricken out by the National Con- vention of Santa Fe, September 12, 1866. one l6o ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Article IX. In all the national territory there shall not be any custom-houses except those of the nation, which shall be governed by the tariff laws enacted by the Congress. Article X. The circulation in the interior of the Republic of all articles, the product or manufacture of the Nation, and of all other goods and merchandise of all classes, introduced into the country through the national, custom-houses, shall be free from duties. Article XL Articles of national or foreign production or manufacture, and cattle of all kinds, when passing from the territory of one Province into the territory of another, shall be exempted from the duties called "of transit." The same freedom shall be enjoyed by the vehicles, whether carriages, vessels, or animals, on which they are transported. No other duty, whatever its name may be, shall be levied upon said articles and vehicles, for passing through the territory of one or more Provinces. Article XII. Vessels cleared from one Province to another shall not be bound to enter any port to be found in their way, or cast anchor in them, or pay duties on account of transit; and in no case shall any preference be given by law or commercial regulations to one port over another. Article XIII. New Provinces may be admitted into the Nation, but no new Province shall be erected within the territory of another, nor shall two or more Provinces be consolidated into one, without the consent of the respective legislatures of the interested Provinces and of the National Congress. Article XIV. All the inhabitants of the Republic shall enjoy, subject to the laws regulating their exercise, the following rights, namely: the right to work and exercise any lawful industry; the right to navigate and to trade; the right of petitioning the authorities ; the right to enter the Argentine territory, remain in it, travel through it, or leave it ; the right to publish their own ideas through the press without previous censorship ; the right to use and dispose of their own property ; the right to associate themselves for useful purposes ; the right to freely profess their own religion ; and the right to teach and to learn. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ' l6l Article XV. There shall be no slaves in the Argentine Nation. Those few who now exist in it shall become free at the very moment in which this Constitution goes into eifect. The indemnifications which this declaration may involve shall be pro- vided for by special law. Any contracts involving the purchase or sale of a person shall be held to be a criminal offense, for which the contracting parties, as well as the notary or official before whom the agreement was executed, shall be made responsible. Slaves introduced in any way whatever into the country shall become free upon the mere fact that they have trodden the territory of the Republic. Article XVI. The Argentine Nation does not recognize privileges of blood or birth. No personal privileges, nor titles of nobility, exist for her. All her inhabitants are equal before the law, and their eligibility to office shall depend only upon their fitness. Equality is the basis of taxation and all public burdens. Article XVII. Private property is inviolable, and no inhabitant of the Nation shall be deprived of what belongs to him, unless by judicial decision founded on law. Condemnation for public use shall be regulated by law, and the payment of the indemnification shall be made previously. Congress alone shall have the power to impose the taxes referred to in Article IV. No personal service shall be required of any one, except when provided by law or by judicial sentence, founded on law. Authors, or inventors, are the exclusive owners of their works, inventions, or discoveries, for the length of time established by law. The penalty of confiscation of property shall be forever forbidden in the Argentine criminal code. No armed body can make requisitions or demand assistance of any kind. Article XVIII. No inhabitant of the Nation can be punished except upon proper trial and conviction, and for charges based on laws preexisting the offense; neither shall he be tried by special commissions, nor removed from the jurisdiction of the courts which, under the laws in force at the time in which the offense was committed, had cognizance of the case. No one shall be compelled to testify against him- self; neither can any one be arrested, unless upon an order in writing, issued by the proper authority. The domicile is inviolable, as are also private letters Bull. 67 11 l62 ARGENTINE RKPUBLIC. and papers ; and only in such cases as may be set forth by an act of Cong for that purpose made and enacted, and as the same may require, search p ceedings shall be allowed to be taken. The penalty of death for political offenses, torture of all kinds, and the whipping-post are abolished. The national jails shall be healthy and clean ; they shall be intended for the safe-keeping and not for the punishment of the prisoners, and any measure which, under color or precaution, may tend to subject the prisoners to more hardships than are required for their security shall render the court authorizing it liable to answer for it. Article XIX. All inquiry into private actions which in no way offend public order or morals, or are not injurious to a third party, is reserved to God, and declared to be beyond the jurisdiction of the constituted authority. No inhabitant of the Nation shall be bound to do what is not ordered by law, nor shall he be for- bidden" to do that which it does not prohibit. Article XX. Aliens shall enjoy in the territory of the Nation the same civil rights as the citizens : they shall be allowed to engage in industrial, commercial, and pro- fessional occupations ; to own, hold and sell real estate ; to navigate the rivers and travel along the coasts; to practice freely their religion; to dispose by will of their property, and to contract marriage according to the laws. They are not bound to become citizens, nor to pay forced extraordinary taxes. They can obtain naturalization by residing two consecutive years in the^ Republic; but this period of time can be shortened upon application and sufficient proof that the applicant has rendered services to the Republic. Article XXI. Every Argentine citizen is bound to do military service in defense of his country and of the present Constitution in the manner and way which may be provided by the laws of Congress and the decrees of the National Executive enacted to that effect. Citizens, by naturalization, are free to render or refuse military service during the ten years following the day of their naturalization. Article XXII. The people shall not legislate or govern except by means of their represen- tatives and authorities created by this Constitution. Any armed force or earh ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 163 ering of persons assuming to represent the rights of the people and petitioning in their behalf commit the crime of sedition. Article XXIII. In case of domestic disturbance or foreign attack which places in danger the execution of this Constitution, and the authorities created by it, a state of siege will be declared in the Province or territory wherein the peace is disturbed, and the constitutional guaranties shall be suspended there. But during this sus- pension, the President of the Republic shall have no power by himself to condemn, or to inflict punishments. His power shall be limited, in such cases, so far as the persons engaged in the affair are concerned, to cause them to be arrested, or removed to some other section of the country, should they not prefer to leave the Argentine territory. Article XXIV. Congress shall promote the reform of the present legislation in all its branches, and the establishment of trials by juries. Article XXV. The Federal Government shall encourage European immigration, and shall not restrict, limit, or encumber, by taxation of any kind, the entry into the Argentine territory of foreigners who come for the purpose of engaging in the cultivation of the soil, the improvement of industrial business, or the introduc- tion and teaching of arts and sciences. Article XXVI. Navigation on the rivers in the interior of the Republic is free to all nations, and subject only to such rules as may be enacted by the national authority. Article XXVII. The Federal Government shall be bound to strengthen, by means of treaties, consistent with the principles of public law established by this Constitution, the commercial and peaceful relations of the Argentine Nation with foreign countries. Article XXVIII. No principle, guaranty, or right recognized in the preceding articles can be altered by the laws which may be enacted to carry it into practice. 164 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Article XXIX. The Congress can not grant the National Executive, or the provincial legisla- tures, or the governors of" Provinces, extraordinarjf faculties, or the whole of the public powers, or give them powers or authority by which the lives, the honor, or the property of Argentines may be placed at the mercy of any government or person. Acts of this character shall be utterly void, and shall render its authors, or those who consent to it, or authorize it with their signatures, liable to be adjudged and punished as infamous traitors to their country. Article XXX. The Constitution can be amended either wholly or in part. The necessity for such amendment shall be declared by Congress, with the concurrence of at least two-thirds of the members ; but the amendment itself shall not be made except by a convention called for that purpose. Article XXXI. The present Constitution, the national laws which in pursuance thereof may be enacted by Congress, and the treaties with foreign nations are the supreme law of the Nation ; and the provincial authorities shall be bound to abide by them, any provision in their own provincial constitution or laws to the contrary notwithstanding. This rule is not applicable to the Province of Buenos Aires so far as the treaties ratified after the compact of the 11th of November, 1859, are concerned. Article XXXII. The Federal Congress shall not pass any law restrictive of the liberty of the press or placing it under Federal jurisdiction. Article XXXIII. The declarations and statements of rights and guaranties made by the present Constitution shall not be construed as involving the denial of any other rights and guaranties not enumerated, but naturally derived from the principle of the sovereignty of the people and of the republican form of government. Article XXXIV. The justices and judges of the Federal courts shall not be allowed to serve at the same time in any judicial capacity in the provincial courts. The exercise ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 165 of Federal authority in, any branch of the service, whether civil or military, in a Province which is not the regular and habitual domicile of the official, does not constitute residence. This rule will be followed in case said official should be a candidate for provincial positions. Article XXXV. The names of " The United Provinces of the River Plate," " The Argen- tine Republic," " The Argentine Confederation," adopted in succession ever since 1810, shall be allowed in the future to be used indistinctively for the official designation of the government and the territory of the Provinces; but the name of " The Argentine Nation " shall be used in the formation and sanction of the laws. PART SECOND.— AUTHORITIES OF THE NATION. Title I.— THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. Section I. — The Legislative Power. Article XXXVL The legislative power of the Nation is vested in a Congress, consisting of two chambers : one called the Chamber of Deputies and the other the Chamber ot Senators, whether from the Provinces or from the capital. Chapter I.— The Chamber of Deputies. Article XXXVIL The Chamber of Deputies shall be composed of representatives elected directly by the people of the Provinces and of the capital, which for this purpose shall be considered as electoral districts of one and the same State. The election shall be by plurality of votes in the proportion of 1 deputy foi each 20,000 inhabitants, or fraction of this number not less than 10,000. Article XXXVIIL The Deputies for the first Congress shall be selected in the following propor- tion: For the Province of Buenos Aires, 12; for the Province of Cordova, 6; for the Province of Catamarca, 3 ; for the Province of Corrientes, 4 ; for the l66 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Province of Entre-Rios z ; for the Province of Jujui, 2 ; for the Province ot Mendoza, 3; for the Province of Rioja, 2; for the Province of Salta, 3; for the Province of Santiago, 4; for the Province of San Juan, 2; for the Province ot Santa Fe, 2; for the Province of San Luis, 2; for the Province of Tucuman, 3. Article XXXIX. A general census shall be taken before the Second Congress, and the election of Deputies shall then be made according to its return. The census shall be taken every ten years, and no ©ftener. Article XL. No person can be elected a Deputy who is not over 25 years of age and a citizen for four years, and either a native or a resident for the two preceding years of the Province electing him. Article XLL The measures to secure the election of Deputies by direct vote of the people of the Province shall be taken this time by the provincial legislatures. In the fiiture, the whole matter shall be regulated by Federal law, enacted by Congress. Article XLII. The Deputies shall be' elected to serve for four years, and are reeligible. The Chamber, however, shall be renewed by halves every two years, and for this purpose, the Deputies elected to the First Congress shall draw lots as soon as they meet, and determine in this way those who shall leave at the end of the first period. Article XLIII. In case of vacancy, the governor of the Province, or of the Capital, shall order a new election. Article XLH. The initiative of all laws touching the levying of taxes and the recruiting of troops belongs exclusively to the Chamber of Deputies. Article XLV. The Chamber of Deputies alone has the right to present before the Senate articles of impeachment against the President, the Vice-President, the members ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 167 of the Cabinet, the Justices of the Supreme Court and the judges of other national tribunals for malfeasance in the exercise of their functions, or for crimes and misdemeanors of any kind ; said presentation to be made upon resolutions passed by two-thirds of the Deputies present, after full discussion of the subject. Chapter II. — The Senate. Article XLVI. The Senate shall consist of two Senators for each Province, elected by a plu- rality of votes by the respective legislatures. There shall be also two Senators for the Capital or Federal district who shall be elected in the same way as the President of the Nation. Each Senator shall have one vote. Article XLVII. No person shall be elected Senator who does not fulfill the following requisites : Shall be 30 years old; shall have been a citizen of the Nation for six years; shall have an annual income of $2,000, and shall be either a native of the Province which elects him, or have resided in it the two next preceding years. Article XLVIII. Senators shall serve for nine years, and are reeligible indefinitely. But the Senate shall be renewed by thirds every three years. To this effect, the Senators themselves shall decide by lot those who shall leave at the expiration of the first and second period of three years. Article XLIX. The Vice-President of the Nation shall be President of the Senate; but shall have no vote unless the Chamber be equally divided. Article L. The Senate shall elect a President jdro tempore to replace the Vice-President in case of absence, or when the latter is called to act as President of the Republic. Article LI. The Senate shall have the sole power to try in public the officials impeached , by the Chamber of Deputies, and Senators, when sitting for that purpose, shall be sworn. When the impeached official is President of the Nation, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside in the Senate. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. l68 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Article LII. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend fiirther than to removal from office, or disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the Nation ; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, and punishment according to law, in and by the ordinary courts. Article LIII. It is also incumbent upon the Senate to authorize the President of the Nation to declare a state of siege at one or more points in the national territory, in case of foreign aggression. Article LIV. When a vacancy happens, on account of the death or resignation of a Senator, or for any other reason, the Executive authority shall order immediately the election of a new member. Chapter III. — Provisions Governing Both Chambers. Article LV. Both Chambers of Congress shall meet in ordinary session, on the ist day of May of each year, and shall continue their sessions until the 30th of September. They may also be convened in extraordinary session, or adjourned, by the President of the Nation. Article LVI. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, rights, and titles, of its own members, in so far as the question of their validity is concerned. Neither House shall meet to do business without a quorum consisting of the absolute majority of its members ; but a smaller number shall have the power to compel the attendance of absent members, by such means and under such penalties as each House may provide. Article LVII. Both Chambers shall sit simultaneously. Neither shall have the power during the session of Congress, to adjourn, without the consent of the other for more than three days. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 169 Article LVIII. A Chamber may determine the rules of its proceedings, and, with the concur- rence of two-thirds of its members, punish any one of the same for disorderly behavior in the discharge of his functions, remove him for physical or moral inability subsequent to his admission, or expel him from the body. An absolute majority shall be sufficient to act upon the resignation of a member voluntarily made. Article LIX. Senators and Deputies, on taking their seats, shall be sworn to perform their duties in the proper way and to act in all things in accordance with the present Constitution. Article LX. No member of Congress shall be indicted, judicially questioned, or molested for opinions or speeches delivered by him while fulfilling his duty as a legislator. Article LXI. No Senator or Deputy, from the day of his election to the day on which he ceases to be such, can be arrested for crimes or offenses, unless when caught in the act, and the crime or offense is of the kind punished by death, or any other penalty entailing bodily suffering or disgrace, in which case the proper report shall be made to the Chamber to which the member belongs, accompanied by a summary statement of all the facts. Article LXII. Should any charge be made in writing, before the ordinary tribunals, against a Senator or Deputy, the Chamber to which he belongs may, by a two-thirds vote, and upon examination in public of the merits of the case, suspend him from his legislative flinctions and surrender him for trial to the proper court. Article LXIII. Each Chamber may summon to its presence the members of the Cabinet, in order to hear from them such explanation or reports as it may be deemed advisable to ask from them. Article LXIV. No members of Congress shall receive from the Executive any appointment for any office of honor, trust, or profit without first obtaining the consent of the Chamber to which he belongs. This article is not applicable to cases in which the appointment is merely a promotion. 170 ARGENTINE REl^UBLIC. Article LXV. Ecclesiastics of the regular orders can not be elected members of any chamber. Provincial governors are also disqualified to serve in representation of the Province where thev exercise their functions. Article LXVI. The remuneration of the services of both Senators and Deputies shall be fixed by law and paid out of the funds of the National Treasury. Chapter IV. — Powers of Congress. Article LXVII. The National Congress shall have power : (1) To legislate in regard to custom-houses for foreign commerce and estab- lish import duties, which, as well as the appraisements on which they must be based, shall be uniform in the whole Nation, it being understood, however, that both these duties and all other taxes of national character mav be paid in the currency of the respective Provinces in their just equivalent value. The power to establish export duties also belongs to Congress ; but these duties shall cease to be levied as a national tax on and after 1S66. They shall not be levied either as a provincial tax.* (2) To raise fiinds, through direct taxation, for a fixed period of time and in a manner proportionately equal in all the territory of the Nation, whenever the defense of the country, the common safety, or the public good may require it. (3) To contract loans, pledging to their payment the Nation's credit. (4) To prpvide for the use, sale, and disposition of the national lands. (5) To establish at the capital a national bank, with the power to establish branch ofiices in the Provinces, to issue paper currency, and make rules for the transaction of its business. (6) To make arrangements for the payment of the national debt, both foreign and domestic. (7) To make annually the necessary appropriations to meet the expenses of the National Government, and to approve or disapprove the accounts of their disbursement. (8) To grant subsidies, to be paid out of the National Treasury to those Provinces whose revenues, according to their own estimates, prove to be insuffi- cient to meet their ordinary expenses. *The words printed in italics were ordered to be stricken out by the National Con- vention of Santa F6, September 12, 1866. ARGF.NTINF, REPUBLIC. I7I (9) To make rules for the free navigation of the rivers in the interior of the country, to declare ports of entry those which may be deemed to deserve it, and to establish and abolish custom-houses; but the custom-houses for forcing com- merce, existing in each Province at the time of its coming into the National Union, shall not be abolished. (ig) To coin money, regulate the value thereof and of foreign coin, and adopt a uniform system of weights and measures for the whole Nation. (11) To make the civil, commercial, penal, and mineral codes of the Nation, provided that such codes do not alter the local jurisdictions, and their provi- sions shall be enforced either by Federal or provincial courts, as the case may be, according to the nature and condition of the things or persons affected by them ; and especially to pass and enact laws on naturalization and citizenship, general for the whole Nation, and based upon the principle of citizenship by nativity, laws on the subject of bankruptcy, forgery, and counterfeiting of cur- rent money and public documents belonging to the Nation, and the establish- ment of trial by jury. (12) To regulate the commerce by land and sea with foreign countries, and with the Provinces among themselves. (13) To establish post-offices and regulate the national postal service. (14) To settle finally the limits of the Republic, to fix those of the Provinces, to create new provinces, and to provide by special laws for the organization and the administration of the government of the national territories, which may be left outside the limits of the Provinces. (15) To provide for the security of the frontiers, and the preservation 01 peaceful intercourse with the Indians, and to promote their conversion to the Catholic religion. (16) To provide for everything conducive to increasing the prosperity of the country, the progress and welfare of all the Provinces, and the enlightenment of the people, by enacting proper laws both for the common schools and the univer- sity, and by promoting industrial enterprise, foreign immigration, the construc- tion of railroads and navigable canals, the colonization of the national lands, the introduction and establishment of new industries, the importation of foreign capital, and the exportation of the interior rivers ; all of it by means of pro- tective laws conducive to those ends, and of temporary concessions of privileges and rewards offered as inducements. (17) To establish tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court of Justice, to create and abolish offices, to fix the duties of the same, to grant pensions, to decree honors, and to promulgate general amnesties. (18) To accept, or refuse to accept, the resignation of the President or Vice- 1/2 ARGENTINE R^EPUBLIC. President of the Nation, and declare that the time has arrived to proceed to a new election, to count the returns thereof, and to ascertain the result. (19) To approve or reject the treaties concluded with any foreign nations, and the concordats entered into with the Holy See, and to make rules for the exercise of patronage in church matters in the whole Nation. (20) To admit into the Republic new religious orders additional to those now existing. (21) To authorize the executive power to declare war or make peace. (22) To grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning prizes. (23) To fix the strength of the land and naval forces of the Nation, both in time of peace and of war, and to make rules and ordinances for the government of the Army and Navy. (24) To authorize the calling out of the militia of any or all of the Prov- inces, whenever necessary for the execution of the laws of the Nation, or for repressing insurrections, or repelling invasions ; and to provide for the organiza- tion, equipment, and discipline of said militia, and the command and government of the part thereof which may be employed in the service of the Nation, leav- ing to the Provinces themselves the power to appoint the chiefs and officers of their respective militias, and to enforce in them the discipline established by Congress. (25) To permit the introduction of foreign troops into the territory of the Republic, and the departure from it of the national ones. (26) To proclaim a state of siege in one or more places in the Nation, in case of internal disturbances, and to approve or suspend the state of siege declared during the recess of Congress by the Executive Power. (27) To exercise exclusive legislation in all the territory of the national cap- ital and in all other places acquired by purchase or cession in any Province for the establishment of forts, arsenals, magazines, or other useful national estab- lishments. (28) To enact all the laws and regulations which may be deemed necessary to carry into effect the powers and faculties hereinbefore enumerated, and all others granted by the present Constitution to the Government of the Argentine Nation. Chapter V. — The Framing and Approval of the Laws. Article LXVIII. Save the exceptions named in Article 44, all bills may originate in either Chamber, and may be introduced by any of their members, or be proposed in a message of the Executive power. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ] y3 Article LXIX. When a bill has been passed in the Chamber where it originated, it shall be sent to the other Chamber for discussion. Having been passed by both, it shall be sent to the Executive of the Nation for consideration and approval. If approved, the Executive shall promulgate it as a law. Article LXX. All bills not returned by the Executive within ten working days shall be con- sidered approved. Article LXXI. No bill totally rejected in one Chamber, where it originated, shall be intro- duced again during the same year. But if the bill was not totally rejected, but merely amended, or modified, by the other Chamber, it shall then be returned to the one where it originated; and if the amendments or modifications are adopted there by absolute majority, then it shall be sent for approval to the Executive power of the nation. If the additions or amendments are rejected, the bill shall be sent back a second time to the Chamber where they were made, and if insisted upon by a majority of two-thirds of the members, the bill shall come again to the other Chamber. There it will not be deemed to be rejected unless the rejection is made by a majority of two-thirds of the members present. Article LXXII. A bill not approved, whether wholly or in part, by the Executive, shall be returned with the objections made to it by the latter, to the Chamber where it originated. Said Chamber shall discuss it again, and if it passes it by a two-thirds majority, shall send it for the second time to the other Chamber. If the bill passes both Chambers, by the said majority, it becomes a law, and passes to the Executive only for its promulgation. The vote in this case shall be by yeas and nays ; and the names of the members wlio took part in the vote, as well as the grounds upon which they founded their votes, and the objections of the Exec- utive, shall hi immediately published by the press. If the Chambers disagree in regard to the objections, the bill shall fail, and shall not be allowed to be presented again during that year. Article LXXIII. The form of the enacting clause of the laws passed by Congress shall be as follows : " The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, in Congress assembled, decree and enact : " 174. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Section II. — The Executive Power. Chapter I. — Its Nature and Duration. Article LXXIV. The Executive power of the Nation shall be exercised by a citizen with the title of " President of the Argentine Nation." Article LXXV. In case of illness, absence from the capital, death, resignation, or removal of the President, the Executive power shall be exercised by the Vice-President of the Nation. In case of removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice-President of the Nation, Congress shall determine what officer shall then act as President until the disability is removed or a new Pres- ident is elected. Article LXXVI. To be elected President or Vice-President of the Nation, it is necessary to have been born in the Argentine territory, or if born in a foreign country to be the son of a native citizen; to belong to the Apostolic Roman Catholic religion, and to have all the other qualifications required to be a Senator. Article LXXVII. The President and the Vice-President shall hold their offices for a term of six years, but neither can be reelected until after the interval of a full term has been passed. Article LXXVIIl. The President shall cease to exercise his powers on the same day on which his term of six years expires ; and no interruption of this time, for whatever cause, shall ever be a reason for extending it. Article LXXIX. The President and Vice-President shall receive salaries to be' paid by the National Treasury; which can not be changed during their term of office. During the same period, they shall not be qualified to fill any other office or receive any other emolument, either national or provincial. Article LXXX. On taking possession of their offices, the President and the Vice-President shall take an oath, which shall be administered to them the first time by the president of the Constituent Congress, and subsequently by the president of the Senate ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ly^ Congress being in session, in the following terms : " I, , do swear before God, our Lord and these Holy Gospels to fill loyally and patriotically the office of President (or Vice-President) of the Nation, and observe, and cause to be observed, faithfully, the Constitution of the Argentine Nation. Should I fail to do so, may God and the Nation demand it from me." Chapter. II. — Form and Time of the Election of the President and Vice-President of the Nation. Article LXXXI. The election of the President and the Vice-President of the Nation shall be made in the following manner : The Capital and each one of the Provinces shall choose, by direct suffrage, a number of electors, twice as large as the number of Senators and Deputies constituting their respective representation in the Con- gress, who shall have the same qualifications, and shall be elected in the same manner, as provided in the present Constitution for the election of Deputies. Deputies, Senators, or officials receiving pay from the Federal Government shall be disqualified to be electors. The electors shall meet as follows : Those chosen by the Capital in the Cap- ital, and those chosen by the Provinces in their respective capitals, four months before the expiration of the Presidential term, and then they shall proceed to elect by ballot the President and Vice-President of the Nation. Each elector shall give his vote by means of two tickets signed by him, one expressing his choice for President and the other for Vice-President. Two lists shall be made of all the persons named for President and two others of those named for Vice-President, with the expression in each case of the number of votes cast in favor of the respective candidates. These lists shall be signed by the electors, and sent by them under sealed envelope, two (one of each class) to the president of the provincial legislature, and in the case of the Capital to the president of the municipal council — to be filed and kept, with their seals unbroken, in their respective archives — and the other two to the President of the Senate (the first time to the president of the Constituent Congress). Article LXXXII. The president of the Senate (the first time the president of the Constitutional Convention), having all the lists in his possession, shall open them in the pres- ence of the two Chambers. Four members of Congress, selected by lot, shall 176 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. assist the secretaries in counting and announcing the votes cast for each candidate, either for President or for Vice-President of the Nation. Those receiving in each case the absolute majority of all the votes shall be immediately proclaimed President or Vice-President. Article LXXXIII. In case the vote is divided, and no absolute majority can thus be obtained. Congress shall make the election by choosing one out of the two persons who obtained the largest number of votes. If the largest majority appear in favor of more than two persons. Congress shall make its choice out of all of them. If the largest majority appears in favor of only one person, and two or more persons are favored with the next largest majority, the choice of Congress shall be made out of all those who obtained such majorities. Article LXXXIV. This choice shall be made by an absolute majority of votes, the names of each voting to be entered on the record. If the absolute majority is not secured on the first ballot, a second vote shall be taken, but only to select one out of the two persons in whose favor the greatest number of votes was cast. If the vote is equally divided, the balloting shall be repeated, but if it again results in an equal division, the President of the Senate (the first time the President of the Constitutional Convention) shall decide by his vote. The counting of the votes, in these elections, shall not be made without three-fourths of all the members of Congress being present. Article LXXXV. The election of the President and the Vice-President of the Nation shall be made only in one sitting of Congress, and the result thereof, as well as the journal of the electoral proceedings, shall be published immediately through the newspapers. Chapter III., — Powers of the Executive. Article LXXXVI. The President of the Nation shall have the following powers : 1. As the Chief Magistrate of the Nation he has in his charge the general administration ot all the executive business of the country. 2. He can issue such instructions and make such rules as may be necessary for the execution of the laws of the Nation, taking care, however, not to change by any provision in the former, the spirit of the latter. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ynn 3. He is the immediate and local Chief Magistrate of the Capital of the Nation. 4. He assists, in the manner provided for by the Constitution, in the making of the laws, gives them his approval, and causes them to be promulgated. 5. He appoints, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Justices of the Supreme Court and of all the other Federal tribunals. 6. He can grant pardons and commute sentences, in cases of offenses subject to the Federal jurisdiction, except, however, in cases of impeachment by the Chamber of Deputies. Before granting such pardons and commutations, the report of the court which passed the sentence shall be heard and considered. 7. He can place on the retired list, with pay or pension, when permitted by the laws of the Nation, all kind of national officials, and grant pensions and leaves of absence, in accordance with the same laws. 8. He exercises the right of ecclesiastical patronage in the nomination of bishops for the cathedral churches of the Nation, by selecting one name out of three suggested to him for this purpose by the Senate. 9. He can, with the advice and consent of the Supreme Court, grant or refuse assent to the decrees of the councils, the bulls, briefs, and rescripts of the Supreme Pontiff of Rome ; but said granting or refusal shall have to be made by law whenever the ecclesiastical enactments affected by either action contain provisions of general or permanent character. 10. He appoints or removes, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the ministers plenipotentiary and the charg6s d'affaires; and by himself alone, with- out Senatorial action, the Cabinet Ministers, the officials of the Departments, the consular agents, and all the Government employes, when appointment is not otherwise provided for by the present Constitution. 11. He opens every year, in the presence of the two Chambers assembled for this purpose in the hall of the Senate, the sessions of Congress, and gives on this occasion information to them of the state of the Nation, and of the stage which has been reached in the work of reform promised by the Constitution, and makes such recommendations as he may deem to be proper and advisable. 1 2. He can prorogue Congress when sitting in ordinary session, or convene it in extraordinary session, whenever a grave interest of order or progress may require it. 13. He causes the revenues of the Nation to be collected, and decrees the disbursement of the national moneys, in conformity with the provisions of the appropriation laws. 14. He concludes and signs the treaties of peace, commerce, navigation, alli- ance, limits, and neutrality, as well as the concordats, and all other arrange- ments or agreements required for the maintenance of friendly relations with the Bull. 67 12 178 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. foreign powers. He also receives the ministers accredited by the latter and admits their consuls. 15. He is the commander in chief of all the land and naval forces of the Nation. 16. He makes the appointments for all the military offices in the Nation; but the advice and consent of the Senate shall be required when the position to be filled, or the rank to be given, is that of a superior officer in either the Army or the Navy. He does not need, however. Senatorial approval for any appoint- ment or concession of rank he may make on the battle field. 1 7. He manages the land and naval forces of the Nation and attends to their organization and distribution, according to the necessities of the case. 1 8. He can, with the authority and approval of Congress, declare war and grant letters of marque and reprisal. 19. He can, in case of foreign attack, for a limited time and with the con- sent of the Senate, declare some place, or places, of the Nation to be in a state of siege. Should the trouble be merely domestic, the power to make the dec- laration shall be exercised only during the recess of Congress; otherwise, it belongs to the latter. The President shall exercise this power ^ith the limita- tions provided for in Article 23. 20. He can ask of the heads of all the bureaux and departments of the Gov- ernment, and through them of all other employes, whatever information he may desire, and said officials are bound to give it. 21. The President shall not leave the national Capital without the permission of Congress. During the recess of the latter, he may, however, absent himself from the Capital without such permission if some grave necessity of the public service demands it. 22. He shall have power to fill all vacancies which may happen during the recess of Congress and which need the approval of the Senate. In this case, the appointment shall expire at the closing of the next session. Chapter IV. — The Members of the Cabinet. Article LXXXVII. Five Ministers, Secretaries of State, respectively named of the Interior of Foreign Affairs, of the Treasury, of Justice, Worship and Public Instruction, and of War and the Navy, shall have charge of the Nation's business, and shall countersign and attest all the acts of the President ; and none of these acts shall have validity when lacking the signature of the respective Ministers. The scope of the business of each Department shall be determined by law. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 179 Article LXXXVIII. Each Minister is individually responsible for the acts signed by him, and jointly with his colleagues for all others agreed upon between him and the other Ministers. Article LXXXIX. The Ministers can not, in any case, take individual action on any subject, unless it is concerning the internal government of their own respective Depart- ments. Article XC. As soon as Congress meets, each Minister shall submit to it a report on the state of the Nation, as far as represented by the business of his own Department. Article XCI. No Minister can be either Senator or Deputy without first resigning his posi- tion in the Cabinet. Article XCII. The Ministers may atterd the sessions of Congress and take part in the debates ; but they can not vote. Article XCIII. The Ministers shall receive for their services such salary as may be established by law ; but this salary can not be increased or decreased, in favor or against the incumbent of the position. Section III. — The Judicial Power. Chapter I. — Its Nature and Duration. Article XCIV. The judicial power of the Nation shall be exercised by a Supreme Court of Justice and by such inferior tribunals as the Congress may establish in the national territory. Article XCV. The President of the Republic shall have no power, in any case whatever, to exercise judicial functions, or take cognizance of any pending case, or reopen or revive cases already decided. l8p ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Article XCVI. Both the Justices of the Supreme Court and the judges of the inferior tribu- nals shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall receive for their services such compensation as may be fixed by lavsr, virhich shall never be dimin- ished in any way or manner, during their holding the office. Article XCVII. No person can be made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Nation who is not a lawyer admitted to practice in the Nation, and in actual practice for eight years, and who has not the qualifications necessary to be a Senator. Article XCVIII. On the first assembling of the Supreme Court under the present Constitution, the Justices thereof shall take an oath, which shall be administered to them by the President of the Nation, to fulfill their duties, and administer justice well and legally and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. On all other occasions, the oath shall be administered by the Chief Justice. Article XCIX. The Supreme Court shall make its own rules and regulations for the proper conduct of its business, and shall appoint all its subordinate employes; Chapter II. — Functions of the Judiciary. Article C. The Supreme Court, as well as the Federal inferior tribunals, shall liave jurisdiction in all cases and causes, not mentioned in Number II of Article 67 of the present Constitution, involving points to be decided either by the same Con- stitution, the Federal laws, or foreign treaties, and also in all cases and causes concerning ambassadors, public ministers, and foreign consuls, admiralty cases, or cases falling under maritime jurisdiction, or cases and causes in which the Nation has an interest as a party thereto, or cases between the Provinces with each other, or between a Province and the citizens of another, or between a Province or its citizens against a foreign citizen or State. Article CI. In all the cases and causes above named, the Supreme Court shall have appel- late jurisdiction, under such rules and exceptions thereto as Congress may pre- scribe. But in the cases concerning foreign ambassadors, ministers, and consuls, ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. l8l and in those in which a Province shall be a party, the jurisdiction of the court shall be original and exclusive. Article CII. The trial of all ordinary crimes, except in cases of impeachments, shall be by jury, as soon as this institution is established in the Nation. Such trial shall be held in the Province where the offense was committed; but when the wrong was done outside the limits of the Nation, and in violation of international law. Congress shall decide, by a special law for that purpose made and enacted, what will be the place in which the trial shall be held. Article CIII. Treason against the Nation shall consist in taking up arms against it, or in joining its enemies and lending them aid and comfort. Congress shall, by a special law, fix the penalty for this crime ; but the punishment shall not go beyond the person of the offender, nor shall any infamy resulting from the con- viction and punishment of the latter attaint his relatives in whatever degree. TITLE II.— PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS. Article CIV. The Provinces retain all the powers not delegated by the present Constitution to the Federal Government, as well as all the powers expressly reserved by them, through special agreements, at the time of their admission into the Union. Article CV. Each Province shall have its own local institutions and laws, and shall be governed by them. They elect their governors, legislators, and provincial ftinctionaries of all classes, without intervention of the Federal Government. Article CVI. Each Province shall enact its own constitution, subject to the provisions of Article V. Article CVII. The Provinces shall have the power to conclude, with the knowledge of the Federal Congress, such partial treaties as may be necessary for the purposes of administration ot justice, or for regulating financial interests, or undertaking 1 82 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. public works; and to promote, by means of protective laws and at their own expense, their own industries, immigration into their territories, the building of railroads and navigable canals, the settlement and colonization of the pro- vincial lands, the introduction and establishment of new industries, the importa- tion of foreign capital, and the exploration of their rivers. Article CVIII. The Provinces can not exercise any power delegated to the Nation. They can not, without authority from the Federal Congress, enter into any partial treaties of a political character, or pass laws relating to the domestic or foreign commerce or navigation, or establish provincial custom-houses, coin money, or create banks of emission. Neither can they enact any civil, commercial, criminal or mineral codes, subsequent to the promulgation of the national ones enacted by Congress, or pass laws especially applicable to themselves on the subjects of citizenship, naturalization, bankruptcies and counterfeiting of money or State bonds, or establish tonnage duties, arm war vessels, or raise armies, except in case of foreign invasion or of such imminent danger as to admit of no delay, and on condition that they give fiill and prompt account of it to the Federal Government, or appoint or receive foreign agents, or permit new^ reli- gious orders to be admitted. Article CIX. No Province can declare or wage war against another. Their complaints against each other must be submitted for decision to the Supreme Court of Justice. Actual hostilities on the part of one Province against another shall be deemed to be acts of civil war, seditious and riotous, which the Federal Gov- ernment has the duty to put down and repress under the laws. Article CX. The governors of the Provinces shall be the natural agents of the Federal Government for the enforcement of the Constitution and the laws of the Nation. Hall of Sessions of the National Convention at the City of Santa Fe on the 25th day of September, i860. Mariano Fragueiro, Lucio V. Mansilla, Chairman. Secretary. Carlos M. Saravia, Secretary. Appendix B. TARIFF OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, 1893. The collection of duties in the Argentine Republic is based upon the official valuation of the various articles of merchandise fixed by the Executive and expressed in national gold currency or its equiva- lent in foreign current specie, although the duties may be paid in paper currency equivalent according to the rate established by the Treasury Department. The general rate of duty imposed is 25 per cent on the official valuation, but certain articles are taxed at the rates of 5, 40, 50, and 60 per cent on the same valuation. Articles not included in the tariff will pay duty according to the value declared in the invoice. Following are the principal equivalents appearing in the tariff: I kilogram = 2. 2 pounds. I square meter = lo. 7642 square feet. I liter = . go8i quart. I hectoliter = 2. 8577 bushels. I gram =15- 4324 grains. The present tariff, which went into effect January i, 1893, ^^^ sanctioned by an act of the Argentine Congress December 30, 1892.* Its chief provisions are the following: IMPORT TARIFF. Art. I. All goods imported from abroad for local consumption shall pay a duty of 25 per cent on the value in deposit.f with the exception of the following articles, which shall pay as hereunder stated : *This tariff has been modiiied by the removal of the duty on crude pretroleumfrom the United States. See p. X33. tThis value is established by the administration according to a valuation table {de avaluos)^ which is published annually. 183 i84 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. I. A duty of 60 per cent. 1. Harness. 2. Fittings for saddles, and metal articles for harness. 3. Tissues of wool, silk, linen, cotton, or any mixture of these materials, in made-up articles, finished or not. 4. Boots and shoes, finished or in cut-out pieces. 5. Carriages, finished or not. 6. Furniture, finished or in pieces. 7. Perfumery of all kinds, including toilet soap. 8. Ready made clothing. 9. Hats, other than those subject to a specific duty. 10. Art and fancy articles. II. A duty of 50 per cent. 11. Arms, and articles pertaining to same. 12. Cartridges, unloaded. 13. Rockets (fireworks). 14. Mosaics. 15. Bullets and shot. 16. Gunpowder. III. A duty of 40 per cent. 17. Wire, bronzed. 18. Leather, tanned, of all kinds, 19. Lace, fine. 20. Hosiery of all kinds. 21. Trimmings and tapes. 22. Tissues of silk, and tissues mixed with silk, of all kinds. 23. Straw hats. 24. Knitted tissues for jerseys, petticoats, children's suits, etc. IV. A duty of Sper cent. 25. Iron or steel wire from Nos. I to 13, in rolls or on bobbins. 26. Cotton, raw. 27. Jewelry. 28. Ploughs. 29. Sulphur, raw, for industrial purposes. 30. Wire and metallic cord on bobbins, for binding puyoses. 31. Fireproof bricks. 32. Machinery and material for public illu- mination by electricity or gas. 33. Machinery for the preservation of meat, by a frigorific or any other new method. 34. Machinery and apparatus for indus- trial purposes. 35. Raw materials for industrial machinery and apparatus and which can not be employed for any other purpose. 36. Machines of all kinds, with steam, gas, compressed air, or electric motors. 37. Sewing machines, and needles for same. 38. Motors, imported separately. 39. Nitrate of soda, exclusively intended for home industries. 40. Precious stones, not set. 41. Extra or exchange parts for the ma- chines above enumerated. 42. White pine and spruce, unwrought. 43. Printing and lithographic presses. 44. Silk, yarn, and raw silk (_" estambres"), for embroidering. 45. Seeds for agriculture. 46. Sulphate of lime. 47. Virgin soil (heather mold). 48. Fireproof clay. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. l8C V. specific duties. £,, , . Pes. cent. 49- steel ingots \!i\\o.. o. 02| 50. Iron wire, galvanized, from Nos. I to 13 lo kilos 05' 51- Starch kilo!! ! 09 52. Hessian (packing cloth) do qj 53- Rice !!!!!!!!!!!do!!! !oii 54- Rice in the husk jo qqi 55- Sugar, unrefined do _ o^ 56. Same, refined Ao... .09 57. Oils, vegetable, of all kinds do. . .12 Beverages: 58. Alcohol, in casks, not exceeding 79° centigrade liter. . . 15 59. Same in bottles, not exceeding 68° centigrade, per bottle of from 0.501 liter to I liter 30 60. Absinth, anise brandy, cognac, gin, kirsch, and other similar liquors not exceeding 68° centigrade, in casks liter. . . 25 61. Absinth, anise brandy, cognac, gin, kirsch, and other similar liquors notexceeding68°centigrade, per bottle of from 0.501 liter to i liter. . .30 62. Beer or cider, in casks liter. . . 10 63. Beer or cider, in bottles per bottle of from 0.501 liter to i liter . . .15 64. Liqueurs, sweet or bitter, not exceeding 68° centigrade, in casks or demijohns liter. . . 25 65. Liqueurs, sweet or bitter, not exceeding 68° centigrade, in bottle, per bottle of from 0.501 liter to i liter 30 66. Wine, common, in casks do... .08 67. Wine, common, exceeding 18°, in casks do. . . .09 68. Wine, fine of whatever origin do . . . .25 69. Wine of all kinds, in bottles, per bottle of a capacity not exceeding I liter liter. . . 25 The alcohol, alcoholic beverages, or liqueurs enumerated in Nos. 58 to 61, 64, and 65, exceeding the alcoholic strength, respectively, designated as the maximum, shall pay a surtax of o.oof peso for every degree or fraction of a degree in excess. Common wine, in casks, the alcoholic strength of which exceeds 46° centigrade, shall pay a surtax of .oof peso" per liter for every degree or frac- tion of a degree in excess. '70. Coffee kilo.. .08 71. Piping, of iron, neither tinned {" sin-bano") nor galvanized, more than 75 millimeters in diameter kilo . . . oof 72. Piping, of iron, galvanized do . . . . 03I 73. Chocolate do . . .60 74. Copper, in bars, ingots, or sheets do . . . .10 75. Preserves, of all kinds : do. . . .30 * In rule 2, for the application of the ad valorem tariff, this surtax is inscribed as of i centavo per liter for every degree or fraction of a degree in excess. l85 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Pes. cent. 76. Specific remedies for sheep, including tobacco which is unfit for con- sumption kilo.. .oi| 77. Tin do... .02 78. Stearine do... .14 79. Flour do. . . . ooj 80. Vermicelli and macaroni do... .09 81. Matches, wax do. . . .80 82. Same, wood do — .40 83. Biscuits, fine, and other dry cakes do. . . .15 84. Glycerine, of less than 30°, exclusively intended for home industries, kilo.. .02 85. Iron or steel, not galvanized, in sheets, bars, and hoop iron. . .10 kilos. . . 02 86. Same, galvanized, in sheets kilo. . . 02 87. Tin-plate, unwrought, or cut out, for recipients do — . oof 88. Kerosene liter.. .03 89. Books, simply stitched kilo. . .10 90. Tissues of pita do . . . .02 91. Butter .do. . . 30 92. Lard do — ,18 93. Playing cards gross . . 60. 00 94. Cloth, prepared for hats, not shaped each. . . 40 95. Felt cloth, gummed and thick, in hat shapes do — .80 96. Paper, for writing and printing kilo.. .03 97. Straw paper, blotting paper, gray paper for bags, packing, etc., wall pa- per, and colored paper kilo. . . 15 98. Lead do . oo| 99. Paris tacks /. do . . . . 03! 100. Cheese do. . . .30 loi. Hats, silk, or tall each. . 2. 50 102. Same, felt, finished or not do . . . , i. 50 103. Same, woolen, finished or not do... .50 Tobacco : 104. Cigars, Havana kilo. . 4.00 105. Sam^, other, of all kinds do. . . 2. 00 io5. Havana tobacco, in the leaf or cut do 2. 00 107. Tobacco, other, in the leaf or cut , do . . . i. 00 108. Paraguayan tobacco, in the leaf or cut do. . . .50 loSiis. Cigars, of all kinds do 2. 00 log. SnufF. do... 2.00 no. Tobacco ribs (' 'Jialo de tabaco ") do. . . .50 111. Tea, of all kinds do .25 112. Candles of stearine or paraffin do... .15 113. Paraguayan yerba matfe, in tercios or cases do. . . .06 114. Same, in sacks do. . . .05 115. Yerba mat6 of Brazil do... .05 116. Yerba mat6, unprepared, or in its natural state, of whatever origin, .kilo.. .02 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 187 Pes. cent. 117. Zinc, in ingots or bars lO kilos.. .03 Goods dutiable according to weight and packed in two or more recipients shall pay the specific duty on the immediate recipient only, with the exception of tea and articles packed in wooden barrels which shall be dutiable on net weight. EXPORT TARIFF. Art. 2. The following products and goods shall pay an export duty of 4 per cent ad valorem : 118. Animal oil. 119. Horns and horn plates i^" Aspas y ckapas de aspa" ). 120. Jerked beef. 121. Bone ash. 122. Horsehair. 123. Hides and skins of all kinds. 124. Waste and parings of skins. 125. Bones. 126. Wool, washed or not. 127. Ostrich feathers. 128. Tallow. 129. Old iron shall pay a duty of 25 pesos per 1,000 kilos. FREE LIST. 131. 132- 133- 134- 135. Art. 3. Articles admitted free of duty. i;d. Animals for breeding purposes, ex- cepting race horses. Fontainebleau sand. Mercury. Boring bars for mines, 75 centime- ters and less in length. Ships of all kinds, with or without rigging. Guayaquil kernels, for the manufac- ture of buttons. 136. Coal, mineral, and vegetable. 137. Naphtha, impure, exclusively em- ployed as fuel. 138. Recipients of wood or iron. 139. Cork, raw. 140. Staves for casks. 141. Recipients and material specially im- ported for tinning meat for export. Fruits, fresh, excepting grapes. Caps for dynamite. Miners' fuses. Old iron. Wheat or maize flour. Firewood of all kinds. 148. Wool, cotton, and worsted, exclu- sively spun for weaving. 149. Books of all kinds, stitched, and copy-books with models,for writing. 150. Locomotives. 142. 143- 144. 145- 146. 147. 151. 152. 153- 154- 155. 156. 157- 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. Hops. Agricultural machinery. Engines, for vessels and spinning- mills. Maize, in cobs or in the grain. Furniture and implements of immi- grants, included in their baggage. Coin (specie). Materials of iron or steel for railways and tiamways. Objects intended for the Catholic church, on request of the priests. Gold, in lumps, ingots, or powder. Vegetable pulp for the manufacture of paper. Fish, fresh. Silver, in bars or ingots. Plants imported conformably to the law No. 2384 of October 26, 1888. Rabbit fur. Blasting powder. Wheels, with or without axles, for railways and tramways. Seed intended for agriculture. Wheat. Articles for schools, imported at the requests of the provincial govern- ments or the University boards. "Pasteur" and similar filters. l88 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Art. 4. The import duties shall be liquidated according to a valuation table, based on the value of goods in deposit, and the export duties according to the value of goods on board of vessels. The duties on aiti Aes not enumerated in the valuation table shall be liquidated (conformably to the coniitions prescribed in the preceding articles), according to the declared value justified oy ihe original invoice. Art. 5. The customs may retain, during 48 hours from the moment of inspection, for account of the public treasury, all goods the declared value of which may be con- sidered too low, by paying immediately to the interested party the declared value plus ro per cent. This payment shall be made in notes, signed by the Administration of Finance, payable at 90 days without interest. The exemption accorded in virtue of Art. 2og of the customs ordinances for parcels or commissions valued under 16 pesos is hereby suppressed. In future such parcels shall pay the duties leviable thereon, whatever may be their value. Art. 6. The Executive shall fix in specie the valuation of goods and products to be included in the table alluded to in Art. 4. In the case of goods not included in the tariff, the declared value will always be understood as being in specie. Art. 7. A reduction of 5 per cent shall be granted on wines, oils, alcohol, beer and liquors, proceeding from ports on the other side of the equator ; this reduction shall be of 2 per cent on similar articles from ports on this side of the equator. An additional allowance of 2 per cent shall be made for breakage when the above liquids are imported in bottles, whatever be their origin. Art. 8. The duties on imports must be paid in cash before the goods can be deliv- ered, and on exports before the same can be shipped. Art. 9. All duties (both import and export) may be paid in the paper equivalent according to the rate fixed by the Ministry of Finance. Art. 10. The transit by land of goods that have not paid import duty is prohibited. The following are excepted : 1. Goods in transit for ports in Brazil or Paraguay through the ports of Concordia and Monte Caseros. 2. Goods in transit from the custom-houses of Buenos Ayres and Rosario to the custom-houses of Mendoza, San Juan, Salta, and Jujuy, and from there to Bolivia and Chile. 3. Goods in transit from La Plata to Buenos Ayres and vice versa. Art. II. The Executive is authorized to establish the use of toma^uias (debenture or export certificates) provided customs conventions can be made with neighboring countries. In the meantime goods proceeding from ports of these countries shall be subject to the prescriptions of Articles 727, 730, and 1017 of the customs ordinances in force. All vessels proceeding from ports of the neighboring countries, and entering a port of the Argentine Republic with goods in transit, must furnish a manifest of the cargo in transit in the form prescribed by articles 727,730, and 1017 of the customs ordinances. Art. 12. Importing merchants who have no commercial house in the country and shipping agents must, at the moment of their registration and to facilitate their transac- tions with the customs, furnish a bond in cash or guaranteed by a person approved by the administrator. Art. 13. The import duties established by the present law shall be considered as the ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ' I89 minimum tariff, and shall be applicable to products and goods of all countries which apply their minimum tariff to exports from the Argentine Republic. Should any country levy a higher tax on products of the Argentine Republic than that levied on similar articles proceeding from any country, the Executive is authorized to levy on goods and products proceeding from such country a maximum tariff equiv- alent to a surtax of 50 per cent on the minimum tariff. On goods which in virtue of this law are admitted free of duty, and on which a duty can be levied, the surtax shall be 15 per cent ad valorem. Should it become necessary to apply the maximum tariff the Executive may stipulate that the countries of origin of the goods be entered in the manifests, justified by orig- inal invoices, bills of lading, and it may prescribe all other measures it deems proper, and any attempt to conceal or erroneously enter goods shall be tried and punished con- formably to the prescriptions of the customs ordinances relating to fraudulent declara- tions. Art. 14. Paragraphs i, 2, and 3 of Art. 11 of the customs ordinances have been repealed ; these paragraphs shall in future only be applicable in the customs offices at Formosa, Posadas, Chubut, and other offices designated by the Executive. Art. 15. The Executive shall regulate and execute this law, which shall come into force on and from January i, 1893. DECREE OF JANUARY 2, 1893, RELATIVE TO THE EXECUTION OF THE CUSTOMS LAW. Art. I. On and after January i, 1893, the import and export duties shall be col- lected by the customs of the Republic in national gold currency, or its equivalent in foreign current specie, or in notes, in relation to the value of specie established peri- odically by the Minister of Finance, according to the gold peso, and conformably to the prescriptions of Art. 9 of the law. Art. 2. On the same date the customs may authorize the importation, free of duty, of the goods mentioned in Art. 3 of the law, with the exception of the following arti- cles, which require a special permit from the Minister of Finance, and provided the prescriptions and formalities in force are previously complied with: § I. Agricultural machines. § 2. Wool, cotton, and worsted, exclusively spun for weaving. § 3. Plants imported conformably to the law of October 26, 1888. § 4. Seed intended for agriculture. § 5. Articles for sdhools, imported at the request of the provincial governments or the university boards. § 6. Objects intended for the Catholic church, on request of the priests. § 7. Articles and goods imported into the country for the National Government, for the administrative departments, and those belonging to diplomatic agents and consuls- general. All the foregoing articles may, however, be cleared from the custom-house, provided a bond be deposited, in the nature of a draft, payable in gold, sixty days from the date of clearance, with interest. This draft shall be restituted when the Government grants the free entry, and shall be collected in contrary cases. IQO ARGENTINE REPUBLIC In order that the clearance free of duty may be effected directly by tha customs, it is necessary that previous permission be given by the administrators on the clearance certificates, after due examination and before these documents pass into the hands of the examiners. In such case a special request for free entrj- shall not be required. Art. 3. All industrial enterprises already established, or being established, in the country, in virtue of laws granting them the free importation of their building material, must, in order to enjoy this exemption, present to the Minister of Finance, before beginning their works, a request for free entry accompanied by the plans of, and a re- port on, the works projected; they must likewise furnish an estimate of the quantity of material of all kinds they will require, and indicate the custom-house through which they desire to import the same. After having received the advice of the department of engineers, the Minister of Finance shall issue his decision. The documents grant- ing the free entry shall be transmitted to the direction-general of revenues to be com- municated to the competent customs. These shall, on receipt of a request written on stamped paper for every case, authorize the free entr\- of the allowed quantity, but they must keep an account-current for each enterprise of the materials so imported, according to the quantity mentioned in the decree granting the free entry. An excess of materials imported shall be subject to duty, unless, conformably to Art. 3 of the law, the importation thereof is illimited. Art. 4. The customs shall authorize directly the free importation of recipients and materials for recipients, destined for packing preserved meat, including sheepskin sacks and sheepskins for making sacks, by complying with the following prescrip" tions : 1. The establishments must indicate on the manifests, for every importation, the quantity of finished recipients or the number of recipients the materials they propose to import will furnish. This indication shall be subject to the customs ordinances relating to false declarations, and the customs shall accept no manifest in which this formality shall not have been complied with. 2. The customs shall keep an account-current for ever)- establishment, in which shall be entered the recipients and materials imported. These are debited to the establish- ment, under sufficient bond to guarantee the payment of the duties and fines, as the case may be. As soon as the recipients filled with the products of the establishment are exported, they are credited to this account. Should, at the end of the year, there be a difference between the quantity of materials imported and that of the articles exported together with the stock remaining in the warehouse, the duties shall be levied, and, as the case may be, a fine equal to the duties imposed. Arts. 5 and 6. (Prescriptions relative to the customs service.) Art. 7. On and after January i, 1893, the captain, broker, or master of any sail or steam vessel, of whatever nationality or tonnage, leaving with a cargo shipped in ports of the neighboring States in destination of those of the Republic or in transit for foreign ports, must present at the first Argentine port of call, a general manifest of the entire cargo in duplicate copy. One copy of the manifest must be visaed by the Argentine consul. They must give the following particulars : (i) The name of the owner of the cargo ; (2) Place of destination of the goods ; (3) The name of the consignee of the goods when not shipped to order and when destined to Argentine pons ; (4) The marks numbers, and kinds of packages, indicating exactly their nature ; (5) The contents of ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 191 each package, indicating the kind and quality of each article ; and (6) the date and signature of the owner of the cargo, or of his agent. If the vessel calls at other ports of the Republic, it is only necessary to present a detailed manifest of the goods des- tined for such ports. Art. 8. The general manifest of sail or steam vessels, not in the mail service, must be issued by the customs of the port of departure in the form above mentioned and kept on board the vessel. Mail boats which can not obtain the consular legalizatian to their manifests before their departure may present the same on the arrival of the next steamer of the same line. On entry of the vessel in the port of destination the general manifest, signed by the captain of the vessel, and his agent in the port, must, however, be presented in duplicate with all the details prescribed in Art. 7. Art. 9. The fines incurred by captains, brokers, or masters of vessels, for neglecting to present their manifests duly legalized by the Argentine consuls shall be payable in gold and according to the manner prescribed by the customs ordinances in force. Art. 10. Captains, brokers, or masters of vessels and their agents, who do not pre- sent their consular manifests on the arrival of the following steamer of the same line, or who present them not in compliance with the details given in Art. 7, shall incur the fities stipulated in the customs ordinances. Legalized manifests arriving with the fol- lowing steamer must, in every detail, be identical to the one presented to the customs on the arrival of the vessel. The fines mentioned in the present and in the preceding article shall be imposed by the respective customs, and appeal can only be made to the Minister of Finance after payment of the amount of the fine. Art. II. Conformably to the prescriptions of Art. 5, Sec. 2 of the law, the customs of the Republic shall, on and after January i, 1893, levy import duty on all parcels, or commissions, whatever be their dutiable or declared value. Art. 12. The following formalities must be complied with for the payment, in ad- vance, of the export duties stipulated in Art. 8 of the law : (i) Before beginning to ship, the exporter must deposit the total amount of duties leviable on the goods enumerated in the export certificate. (2) This amount shall be retained by the customs as a deposit until the cargo of the vessel is complete, or until all the goods enumerated in the certificate have been shipped. The customs shall then liquidate the duties to be collected, and shall immediately enter the amount due in the receipts. The balance of the amount will immediately be returned to the interested party, against receipt, and the export certificate shall be an- nulled for those goods not exported. Art. 13. (Relative to the competency of customs-houses.) Art. 14. All Executive or Ministerial decrees in force in opposition to the prescrip- tions of the present decree are hereby repealed. GENERAL RULES TO BE OBSERVED FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE AD VALOREM TARIFF. I. The duty is established for liquids in bottles by taking as a unit the ordinary bottle of a capacity of from 51 centiliters up to i liter. Bottles containing from 26 to ig2 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 50 centiliters are considered as half-bottles, and those containing 25 centiliters and less shall be dutiable as quarter-bottles. 2. Alcohol, and alcoholic beverages or liquors, enumerated in the present tanff, exceeding the alcoholic strength which is respectively designated as the maximum, shall pay a surtax of one-half centavo per liter for every degree " Cartier" or fraction of a degree in excess. Common wine exceeding r8° Cartier or 46° Centigrade, shall pay I centavo C) per liter for every degree Cartier or fraction of a degree in excess. Casks and demijohns shall be dutiable according to their capacity; and demijohns and bottles shall, in addition, be taxed according to the following rules: 3. Fancy recipients and, in general, all recipients which are not usually employed for packing imported goods, shall be dutiable separately. 4. Tea and cofFee cups with their saucers shall, for levying the duty, be considered as one sole piece. 5. Sevres and Japanese porcelain shall be dutiable ad valorem. White porcelain with a simple initial or monogram, not otherwise ornamented, shall be dutiable with a surtax of 10 per cent. 6. By accessories for saddles are meant girths, stirrup straps, and stirrups. 7. The numbering adopted in the tariff for wire is according to the English gauge. 8. For wood, the measure of which is established per square surface, the thickness is understood to be, when unwrought, 25 millimeters, and when wrought, 22 milli- . meters. The surface of veneres is measured irrespective of thickness. g. Accessories for sash fasteners, as well as bolts for same, are dutiable as complete fasteners, even when imported separately. 10. Wood imported on decks of vessels which has become wet during the trip shall not be considered averaged. 11. Hosiery, machine-made, and prepared for making chemisettes, clothing, infants* clothing, etc., shall, comformably to Art. i. Sec. i, of the customs law in force, pay 60 per cent. 12. Goods paying on net weight, or on the weight after deducting certain interior packages, shall be dutiable on the weight declared in the manifest, even when this weight is not entered in the declaration. 13. Only goods paying on gross weight may be imported in bales. Goods imported in cases with their interior packages of paper, boxes, or wrappers, must, unless other- wise stipulated in the tariff, be weighed. The preceding rule 12 shall only be applicable to goods for which the mode of weigh- ing has not been stipulated in the tariff. 14. As a general rule all goods dutiable on weight shall, unless otherwise provided for in the tariff, be weighed together with the bales, cases, boards, cartons, packing paper, straw, etc. 15. For extra fine articles the value must be declared when in the tariff only fine qualities are mentioned. 16. When yerba matfe is imported in leather bags this package is included in the weight. For this article no average shall be allowed except that caused by water. 17. Drugs and pharmaceutical specialties not enumerated in the tariff shall be treated by analogy as allopathic, homeopathic, or other similar products. P) In the tariff this surtax is inscribed as of one-half centavo per liter and per degree or fraction of a degree in excess. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, IQQ 18. The capacity of demijohns shall be established as follows: Tho^e of from-9to 11 liters shall be reputed as of a capacity of 10 liters; those of from II to 15 liters, as 13 liters; those of from 15 to 19 liters, as 17 liters. 19. The capacity of cases containing two recipients of kerosene oil (petroleum) shall be considered as 38 liters per case containing up to 10 American gallons. 20. Cases containing spirit of turpentine shall be considered as of a capacity of 34 liters per recipient containing up to 10 American gallons. 21. Musical instruments imported incomplete, and those which lack but one, two or three parts shall be dutiable as if complete, and when imported in detached parts, every part shall be dutiable as a complete instrument. Tares, leakage, and breakage. Percentage. Spirit of turpentine in tin recipients leakage. 5 Tar or pitch do . . . 5 Cruet stands, wooden mountings breakage. . 3 Paving stones and bricks, in bulk ; do . . . 10 Same and bricks, colored (azulejoi), in cases do. . . 5 Same or mosaics, in barrels or cases do. . . 2 Sugar, salt, and similar products, in hogsheads tare. 10 Verba matfi, vermicelli, pimento (a/i), in hogsheads do. . . 15 Sacks containing hair, wool, and other products do. . . 2 Double sacks containing coffee, rice, and other colonial products do. . . 2 Bottles of glass or earthenware breakage. . 7 Bottles filled with liquids other than those enumerated in the corresponding article of the law; or dry materials in common recipients, not covered with osiers, and of a capacity of more than 200 grammes or milliliters breakage. . 2 Hogsheads of tobacco in the leaf tare. . 10 Boilers or kettles of iron breakage. . 7 Cord or rope,'in covered bales waste and tare. . 4 Cases with refined sugar or sugar called Habana tare. . 14 Cases, not lined with zinc, with grease or tallow do. . . 16 Same, with Swiss cheese (GruySre), single package do. . . 10 Same, with cinnamon (caneldti) do. . . 25 Same, with yerba mat6 , do. . . 15 Piping of earthenware breakage. . 8 Barrels, with fruits preserved in brandy leakage. . 5 Same, with honey tare and leakage. . 20 Same, with salted meat tare . . 16 Baskets, with cinnamon do . . . 10 Same, with potatoes do... 15 Same, with yerba-matfe do . . . 15 Preserves in tins average . . 2 Glass and glassware breakage. . 5 Demijohns, filled do. . . 4 Tar oil leakage. . 5 Bales of twine tare.. 4 Bull. 67 13 194 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Bales of wool, hair, and similar products. Galvanized iron, for roofing, not finished. Rope yarn, in bales Tin plate PercentaffC. .tare. . 2 .do... 8 .do... 4 .do... 7 .breakage. . . . .waste. do.. do.. tare. do.. do.. . . . .waste, .breakage. Kitchen stoves, iron Honey, in tins Oil, in tins ' Kerosene, in tins Yerba matfe, in tins Tobacco, black, in tins Cheese, in tins ■ Fruits preserved in brandy, in tins or metal recipients Faience Marble in plates, slabs, door steps, or squares do.. . Pine wood..... breakage and flaws. . Wood, other, in planks and beams do... Same, in veneers do. . . Stones, curb and paving breakage. . Victuallers (forta-viandai), with baskets and brazier do . . . Roofing slates breakage. Slates for billiard tables or pavements do . . . Casks and half-casks, etc., with tallow, grease, or caballine oil tare. . Porcelain breakage . . Cheese average . . Tobacco, black, in rolls tare. . Leeches waste . . Tiles breakage. . Pottery, common do. . . Earthenware jars do. . . Glass, in smooth plates do . . . Zinc, in hogsheads tare . . Tariff of warehouse rent and charges for manual labor (* * eslingaje "). 5 3 2 2 lO 6 8 3 7 5 6 3 5 5 3 15 5 i6 5 2 lO 25 12 15 8 5 6 Goods, Value: Per loo pesos value Volume: Per lOO cubic decimeters Weight: Per loo kilograms Capacity: Per loo liters Powder and explosives : Per 100 kilograms, gross weight Warehouse rent, per month. Pesos. •25 .03 .05 •03 •15 Charges for manual labor. .50 .06 . 10 .06 .30 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 195 Charges for manual labor for direct shipments. Value: Pesos. Per 100 pesos value 25 Volume: Per 100 cubic decimeters 03 Weight: Per lOO kilograms 05 Capacity: Per 100 liters 03 Powder and explosives: Per 100 kilograms, gross weight 15 Fractions of 100 in weight, volume, capacity, or value shall be considered as 100. Schedule of the Tariff of 1892. Following is the schedule of import duties of the Argentine Republic for 1892 in Spanish and English, the equivalents of the Argentine weights and measures and of Argentine currency being given in the standards in use in the United States. The Argen- tine peso is valued at $0,965 in United States currency, but this estimate will, of course, vary according to the rate of exchange. The changes made by the new tariff law which went into effect January 1, 1893, have been given in the preceding pages. IQ7 Derechos de Importaci6n de la Repiiblica Argentina. FEUTOS Y PEODTCTOS DEL PAfS. Artfculos. Afores. D$recho. Aceite — de lobo, pescado y oveja loo kilos. de patas loo kilos. Astas — de vacuno 6 chapas y puntas de astas 1,000 kilos. de carnero 1,000 kilos. Carne salada 6 tasajo 100 kilos. Ceniza de saladero 6 huesos 1,000 kilos. Cerda 100 kilos. Charqui dulce 100 kilos. Cueros — vacunos secos uno. vacunos salados uno . de becerros secos de hasta 7 kilos, inclusive uno. de becerros salados de 5 hasta 15 kilos, inclusive uno. de nonatos vacunos, salados 10 kilos. de nonatos vacunos, secos 10 kilos. de burro, secos uno. de burro, salados uno. de potro, salados uno. de potro, secos uno. de potranca, secos uno! de potrillo 6 nonato, salados uno. de carnero, corderones 6 corderos, sucios 6 lavados de cual- quier condicidn, calidad 6 tamafio kilo. de carnero, salados kilo! de venado, gamo 6 ciervo kilo! de cabra 6 cabrillonas kilo! de cabritos !kilo! de carpincho uno! de nutria 6 liebre !kilo de vicufla '' !kilo' de avestruz ''[ !kilo' de chinchilla !!!!!!!kilo' de cerdo, secos 6 salados '.!! . .uno' deledn !!!!!!uno! detigre uno 198 Poos. Pesos. 8.00 .32 12.00 .48 60.00 2.40 10.00 .40 9.00 .36 16.00 .64 40.00 1.60 15.00 Libre. 2.00 .08 3.00 .12 .80 .032 I. 20 .048 .80 .032 X. 60 .064 1.00 .04 3- 00 . 12 3-50 .14 1.50 .06 .75 .03 .25 .01 .20 .008 .25 .01 • 35 .014 .70 .028 1.80 .072 1. 00 .04 .80 .032 2.00 ,08 .80 .032 5.00 .20 I. 20 .048 2.50 .10 10.50 2.4 Import Duties of the Argentine Republic. DOMESTIC FBOSTTCTS. Articles, Oils- Seal, fish, and sheep lOO pounds. Neats' foot do. . . Horns — Cattle or horn shavings and points thereof 1,000 pounds. Sheep do. . . Meat, salted or jerked 100 pounds. Ashes, packing house, or bone 1,000 pounds. Hair 100 pounds. Jerked beef do. . . Hides — Ox and cow, dried. each. Same, salted do . . . Calf skins, dried, weighing 7 kilograms or less do. . . Same, salted, weighing from 5 to 15 kilograms do. . . Skins of unborn cattle, salted 10 pounds. Same, dried do. . . Donkey skins, salted each. Same, dried do... Colt skins, salted do... Same, dried do.. . Same, female, dried do . . . Skins of unborn colts, dried ■ do. . . Sheep or lamb skins, washed or unwashed, of whatever size or quality, or in whatever condition .' pound. Sheep skins, salted do. . . Deer skins do. . . Goatskins do... Kid skins do. . . Carpincho skins each. Nutria or hare skins pound. Vicufia skins do. . . Ostrich skins do. . . Chinchilla skins do.., Hog skins, salted or dried each , Lion skins j° ' " Tiger skins do . . Duty. Dollars. O. 1402 . 2og8 1.05 .1758 •1577 .28 . 7008 Free. .0772 ■ -1159 .0309 .0463 .0141 .028 .0386 .1159 • 1351 .0579 .029 .0097 .0035 .0044 .0059 .0122 .0313 .0386 ■ 0137 .035 0137 .0875 .0463 .0965 • 4053 199 200 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEUTOS Y FBODVCnnS DEL PAlS— Continda. Aitlcalos. Aforos. Derecho. Cueros — Continda: de cisne docena de vizcacha docena de zorro ; docena Garras de vicuSa y lanares loo kilos Grasa 6 aceite de potro loo kilos Hueros en general i,ooo kilos Lana de oveja, sucia 6 lavada loo kilos Lenguas saladas 6 consenradas kilo Pluma de avestruz kilo Peptona. ... kilo Sebo — 6 grasa derretida loo kilos pisado loo kilos ANIMALES EN Pifi. Burros uno Caballos y yeguas uno Lanares uno. Cerdos uno. Mulas uno. Vacunos uno . engordados en prados artificiales ... uno. OTROS PRODUCTOS. Aguardiente litro. Azdcar kilo. Afrecho kilo. Arbejas kilo . Alpiste kilo . Albdmina kilo. C&scaras para curtir lOO kilos. Cera— virgen kilo. derretida kilo . Cebada loo kilos. Cola kilo. Fideos tilo. Frutafresca loo kilos. Guano — natural l_ooo kilos. artificial i,ooo kilos . Habas kilo . Hierro viejo i,ooo kilos. Harina loo kilos . Jam6n comdn kilo. Legumbres no expresadas loo kilos. Maderas — de quebracho metro cuadrado. de cedro metro cuadrado . •Derecho especifico. Pescs. 1.50 •50 2.50 2. 50 12.00 15.00 26.00 .20 I. 00 .80 II. 50 6. 50 4.00 12.00 2. 20 4. 00 18.00 5.00 20.00 .15 .16 .03 .05 .07 .05 2. 00 .40 .45 2. 50 ■ 30 . 20 4.00 32.00 25. 00 .04 50. 00 5.00 .15 5.00 Pesos, .06 .02 . 10 . 10 .48 .60 1.04 Libre. .04 Libre. .46 .26 Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. Libre. *25. 00 Libre. Libre. Libre. . 50 i Libre. . 80 I Libre. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DOMESTIC FBODVCTS— Continued. 201 Articles. Duty. Hides — Continued. Swan skins dozen . . Vizcaclia skins do. . . . Fox skins do. . . . Leather waste lOo pounds.. Animal fat do. . . . Bones, in general ^ 1,000 pounds. . Sheep wool, washed or unwashed 100 pounds. . Tongues, salted or smoked pound. , Ostrich feathers do. . . . Peptone do. . . Tallow- Melted 100 pounds. . In cake do. . . . LIVE STOCK. Asses each. Horses and mares do . . . Sheep do .. Hogs do. . . Mules do... Oxen and CO ws do . . . Same, fattened in artificial meadows do. . . OTHER PRODUCTIONS. Brandy liter . Sugar pound. Bran do. . . Pease do. . . Birdseed do . . . Albumen do. . . Bark, for tanning purposes 100 pounds . Beeswax — Crude pound . Melted do... Barley ^°° pounds. Glue pound . Vermicelli ^°--- Fruits, fresh 100 pounds . Guano — Natural ^•°°° pounds . Artificial • do. . . Beans pound. Old iron 1.°°° pounds. Flour ^°° pounds. Hams, ordinary Pound . Vegetables, not specified 100 pounds. Timber — , Quebracho square foot. dedar; '^°--- Doiiars. .0579 • 0193 0965 .0436 . 21 .2618 .4672 Free. .0179 Free. .2014 .1134 Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. 10. 9427 Free. Free. Free. Free. Free. 202 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEUTOS Y PEODUCTOS DEL PAiS— Contintia. Artlcuios. OTROS PRODUCTOS — Contin•• -nno. con 3 cilindias trao- Tnjmbones — coa 3 pistones. one. con ~ cilindiDS — anc- de caza ,. tma. ccr: pistones. ... .........ima. COQ cilinlros ana Vio" nes en general. . ... tiHO. Tio:: = .-eIos ueo. Aicrus. ; Doeobk. i%»«-. ! i'fenL 6.00 i I. =0 ICIi.0O 2- jc 5. CO S.QO 15. oc 3-r; 4.00 too 11. =.^l 2- — ^ 20.00 , 5-0& 4.0? too I=. 00 ' 5. -- Ea li^ -ar^dis afoca^asal peso deoe tzci-^iz-se j^s ^?<;i FAHrrS— Continued. 271 Articles. Duty. Pine sprouts pound . . Brucine do. . . . Brou de noix, infusion, including container do. . . . Cadmium — Metal and bromide of do. . . . Iodide of do. . . . Acorn, coffee of, including container do ... . Caffeine and salts pennyweight. . Lime — Biphosphate, hypophosphite, and bisulphite pound . . Carbonate of, prepared chalk, and fluoride do. . . . Chloride of do Calcium, chloride of do Calomel do Cinnamon — Ceylon, including container • do. . . . China, includ ing container do ... . Quassia, including container do. . . . Cantharides do " Capsules, gelatin, empty, including container do. . . . Charcoal — Vegetable, including container do Animal and soot, including container ' do Carbon, sulphide or bisulphide do Carmine — Fine and inferior, including container do. . . . Liquid, including container do. . . . Saffron, including container -.do Indigo, including container do. . . . Castoreum do Catechu, including container do Wax- Yellow, hard do White do... Mineral do. . . Black, for shoemakers do. . . Vegetable do. . . , White, impure do. .. - Cerium, oxylate of do Chloral, hydrate of do. . . Chloroform do .. Copper — Filings, shavings, and sulphate of, pure j°""' Acetate of, pure do. . . Common, green, in lumps or powder, including container do. Ammoniacal, sulphate of, pure Same, common, including container Sulphate, pure '^"■ Cochineal °°--- Cocaine and salts... pennyweight. .do... .do... .do... Codeine and salts. .do Dollars, .0438 4. 3768 .0109 .6565 I. 0942 .0274 .0386 .2188 .0274 .0055 .0027 . 164I .0875 .0383 . 0219 .3283 • 3283 Free. . 0082 . 0219 r. 6413 . 1641 .4377 . 1641 I. 6413 .0164 .0657 .1313 .0438 .0766 .0328 .0438 ~ .2188 .3283 . 1641 .0875 .1313 .0656 . 1094 .0164 .0875 .1094 .0772 .193 272 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DE0&A8 T PINTUEAS— Continfta. Articuios. Cola— de pescado 6 ictiocola, inclusive el envase kilo. . de Flandes, para banos 6 para doradores kilo . . fuerte, ordinaria, inclusive el envase kilo. . Colodi6n — medicinal kilo. . para fot6grafos kilo. . Coloquintida kilo.. Colorante — para licores, inclusive el envase kilo. . idem, manteca, inclusive el envase kilo . . en pasta 6 polvo, para vinos, inclusive el envase kilo. . liquidos, para vinos, inclusive el envase kilo . . Coralina C6rcega kilo. . Corteza* — roble 6 encina para las artes, peso bruto kilo . . Curupay, para las.artes, peso bruto 100 kilos. . de naranja kilo.. Panama 6 Quiliay, peso bruto kilo. . quina calisaj'a 6 roja kilo. . loja 6 gris quina kilo . . quina amarilla y toda otra clase kilo . . en general, entera 6 en polvo kilo. . Cremor — tlrtaro, inclusive el envase kilo. . soluble kilo. . Creosota — vegetal kilo.. al Acido ffenico kilo . . Cromos, en general, inclusive el envase kilo. . Croton, cloral kilo . . Cuajo kilo . . Cubebas — enteras kilo.. en polvo, inclusive el envase kilo. . Curare gramo . . Creta talco (Brianson), silicato de magnesia, en general, inclusive el envase kilo. . Dextrina, inclusive el envase kilo. Diascordio kilo . . Diastaza ..".'.".'.".'.'gramo!! Dijitalina y sus sales gramo. , Duboisine y sus sales gramo" ' Elaterina !!!!!!!!!! !gramo ! ! g'aterio gramo.. Emetma. . g,aj„o _ Jimplastos larmaceuticos, mclusive envoltorios kilo Escamonea !'!!!!!!!!! !kilo! ! Esencia f — cedro, sasafras, polio, canela china y clavo de olor kilo. . macis, anis verde, badiana, wintergreen y alcarabea! . ! ! ! !kilo! ! • Las cortezas no indicadas 4 peso bruto se pesardn con sus envolturas, bolsas 6 + Todas las esenclas sinMcepcibn se pesardn con el envase, ya sea lata estanete las que vieaen en frascos debreri aumentafse al peso neto un is per ciento A f ores. Derecho. Pesos. Pesos. 4.00 I. 00 ■50 .125 •15 .0375 2. 50 .625 4.00 I. 00 2.00 ■50 3. 00 ■75 3. 00 • 75 3- 00 •73 1.50 •375 .40 . 10 .05 .0125 I. 00 •25 . 20 .05 ■ 15 •0375 2.00 .50 I. 00 • 25 • 30 •075 .50 .125 .80 . 20 1.50 •375 3.00 •75 .50 • 125 . 20 .05 20. 00 5.00 . 10 .025 1.50 • 375 1.50 •375 .03 .0075 .025 . 00625 . 20 .05 3- 50 .875 . 20 .05 . 20 • 05 •35 •0S75 .50 .125 . 10 .025 .50 •125 I. 00 • 25 10. 00 2. 50 2. 00 • 50 4-50 I. 125 envase inmediato. de cobre 6 plomo. A ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DRUGS AND PAINTS— Continued. 273 Articles. Duty. Glue- Fish or ictiocola, including container pound. . Flanders, for baths or gilders do. . . . Ord inary, including container do . . . Collodion — Medicinal do. . . . For photographers do. . . . Colocynth do. . . . Coloring — For liquors, including container do. . . , For butter, including container do In paste or powder, for wines, including container do. . . . Liquid, for wines, including container do. . . Coraline, Corsica do Barks*— Elm or oak, for industrial purposes, gross weight do. .. Curupay, for industrial purposes, gross weight too pounds . Orange peel pound . Panami or Quiliay, gross weight do. . . Cinchona, calisava or red do. . . Loja or gray cinchona do. . . Yellow cinchona and other Peruvian do. . . In general, in pieces or in powder do. . . Cream of tartar, including container do. . . Soluble do. . . Creosote — Vegetable do. . . With carbolic acid do. . . Chromos in general, including wrapper do. . . Croton chloral do. . . Rennet do. . . Cubebs — Whole do -■ • Powder, including container do. . . Curare pennyweight. Cretian talc, Brianson, silicate of magnesia in general, includmg contamer, pound. Dextrin, including container do. . . Diascordium .°; ■ ' Diastase pennyweight. . Digitaline and salts do. . . . Duboiline and salts do. . . . do. . . . do.... do.... pound. . do.... Flaterin Elaterium Emetine Pharmaceutic plasters, including wrappers Scammony £ssences 1 — Cedar, sassafras, polio, Chinese cinnamon, and clover Mace, green anise, badian, wintergreen, and alcarabea. .. ..do.. ..do.. Dollars. •4377 • 0547 .0164 . 2736 • 4377 .2183 • 3283 .3283 .3283 . 1641 .0438 .0055 .1094 .0219 .0164 .2188 .1094 • 3283 • 0547 .0875 . 1641 .3283 • 0547 . 0219 2. 1884 .0109 . 1 641 . 1641 . 0116 .0027 . 0219 .3829 . 0772 .0772 • 1431 .193 .0386 • 193 .1094 I. 0942 .2188 .4924 •All tAU barks not oavine gross weight will be weighed tbgether with their inner wrappings or covers, essences wltK distinction, shall be weijiied together with the contamer, whether nn copper, I When rontSner is botUe or vial, an additional duty of a per cent on their net weight will be or lead. ' When container is bottle or vial, an additional duty < charged. Bull. 67 18 274 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DEOGAS Y PINTUKAS— Continda. Artlculos, Essencia — Continfia. . . ajenjo, almendra amarga, stodalo, laurel, petit-grain y coriando, patchouli, mostaza, bergamota, melisa y menta kilo. angfelica, canela Ceilan, geranio y gingergras kilo. de Rhodes, cubeba y m4tico k''°- manzanilla azul i'l Vetiver f ! ° • Nferoli ^! °- ilangilang , 1, ,«=, kilo. Pesos. lO. CO 14.00 23. 00 32. 00 55.00 75- 00 85.00 120.00 200. 00 4.00 15.00 2. 50 5- 50 . 10 2. 00 . 12 50.00 20.00 8.00 3- 50 2.00 .60 .80 .25 .80 1.50 ■30 50.00 3. 00 ■ 50 .05 25.00 6.00 12.00 2.00 • 15 .25 2. 00 I. 00 15.00 I. 20 * Las esponjas se pesardn con los hilos, cuerdas, cartones, arplUerab 6 bolsas. t Se pesardn todos estos extractos con su envase. communes, no mencionadas .}°' • finas, no mencionadas kilo. . soluciones alcoh61icas 6 extractos para vinos y licores y las ■ llamadas esencias artificiales en general kilo . . alcoholatos aroma, jazmin, violeta y todo otro semejante, para perfumes , !, ■ ■ Esmeril (peso bruto) kilo. . Eserina y sus sales gramo. . Espiritu alquitran, inclusive el envase kilo. . Esponjas* — finas para tocador kilo . regulares, para tocador kilo . . parabatios y carruages kilo. . para caballeria kilo. . preparadas, pilinas Brahama y para piso kilo. . Estopa sin composici6n kilo. . Esperma de ballena kilo. . Estano — muriato sal de, inclusive el envase kilo . , limadura 6 polvo kilo. , Estoraque en general, inclusive el envase kilo. Estearina kilo . Estricninay sus sales kilo. Estronciana — acetato kilo. sus dem^s sales kilo. tierra de 6 sulfato impuro kilo. Extractos f — fluidos 6 s61idos de 6pio k ipecacuana kilo. fluidos 6 s61idos, cornezuelo, centeno, ergotina, ratania y rui- barbo kilo. quina roja, gris y calisaya ... kilo . comunes kilo . s61idos 6 fluidos, para las artes, como ser campeche, palo ama- rillo y otros semejantes, inclusive envase kilo. Especifico, para curar el ganado lanar kilo. Eter acfetico, muriiticoy nitrico kilo. Eteres — simples kilo. endntico y valeriinico kilo . no mencionados kilo . Aforos. Derecho. Pesos, 2. 50 3- 50 5-75 8.00 13-75 18.75 21. 25 30. 00 50.00 1. 00 '3-75 .626 1.376 .025 .50 ■ 30 12. 50 5.00 2. 00 .875 .50 ■15 .20 .0625 . 20 375 .14 12.50 •75 , .125 .0125 6. =5 ' 1.50 3.00 .50 .0375 Libre. ■ 50 • 25 3-75 .30 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DBUGS AUD PAINTS— Continued. 275 Articles. Duty. Essences — Continued. Absinthe, bitter almonds, sandal, laurel, petit grain, and coryandum, , pound. Patchouli, mustard, bergamot, melissa, and mint. pound. Angelica, Ceylon cinnamon, geranium, peppergrass do. . . Rhodes, cubebs, and matico do. . . Camomile, blue do. . . Vetivert do. . . Neroli do. . . Ylang ylang do. . . Rose do. . . Ordinary, not mentioned do. . . Fine, not mentioned do. . . Alcoholic solutions of, or extracts, for wines and liquors, and artificial, in general pound . Alcoholates, aroma, jessamine, violet, and all others similar for per- fumery pound . Emery, gross weight do. . . Eserine and salts ounce. Spirit of tar, including container pound. Sponges* — Fine, for toilet do. . . Fair, for toilet do. . . Bath and carriage do . . . For horses do . . . Medicated, spongiopilin, Bahama, for scrubbing do. . . Tow, without preparation do. . . Spermaceti do . . . Tin- Muriate of, inc^ding container do. . . Filings or dust do . . . Storax, in general, including container do. . . Stearin do. . . Strychnine and salts do. . . Strontia — Acetate of do. . . Other salts of do . . . Earth of, or impure sulphate do. .. Extracts! — Fluid or solid, of opium and ipecac do. . . Fluid or solid, of ergot, rye, ergotine, ratan, and rhubarb do. . . Peruvian bark, red, gray, and calisaya do. . . Common do. . . Solid or fluid, for industrial purposes, as Campeachy, logwood, fustic, and others similar pound . Specific, cure for sheep do. . . Ethers- Acetic, muriatic, nitric do. . . Simple do. . . Enantic and valerianic j°' ' ' Not mentioned do. .. * Sponges will be weighed with container. t All extracts will be weighed with container. Dollars, 1. 0942 1-5319 2. 5167 3. 5014 6. 0181 8. 2065 9. 3007 13. 1304 21. 884 • 4377 1. 6413 .2779 .6456 . 0109 .772 • 1313 5-471 2. 1884 .8754 .3829 .2188 .0657 .0875 .0274 .0875 . 1641 .0613 5-471 .3283 .0547 .0055 2. 7355 .6565 I- 313 .2188 .0164 Free. .2188 .1094 I. 6413 .1313 276 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DROGAS T PINTUBAS— Contintia. Artfculos. Derecho. Flor— de alucema kilo . amapolas kilo. kouso en general kilo. rosa roja Provence kilo. sauco, y toda otra en general kilo . Estas partidas se pesardn con sus bolsas, envolturas 6 envase inmediato. F6sforo — comvin, inclusive el envase kilo. amorfo, inclusive el envase kilo. Galipot, inclusive el envase kilo. Gasolina, inclusive el envase kilo . Gelatina — fina, inclusive envoltorios kilo . regulares, inclusive envoltorios kilo, . 6 cola para clarificar vinos, inclusive el envase kilo, Gasas medicinales, en general, con sus envolturas kilo. Glicerina — 30°, inclusive envase kilo. menor graduaci6n, inclusive envase kilo . destinada esclusivamente para las industrias kilo . . Goma — aribiga, Senegal blanca, asaffetida, inclusive envase kilo. . copal, damar, laca, kino, sandaraca, inclusive envase. . . .kilo. . amoniacal, elistica, cautchout, gutapercha, tragacanto, saga- peno, sangre drago )' felemi kilo. . gutapercha en tela, almdciga ymastich kilo. galvano 3' para dentistas kilo. . Senegal en suerte 6 rubia, inclusive el envase kilo . . Senegal en residuos, muy impura, inclusive envase kilo. } guayaco, resina ?...kilo.. guta-gamba y mirra kilo. resina, incienso, inclusive envase kilo. Glucosa de f^cula, idem, idem kilo Grasa 6 residuosde kerosene para miquinas, inclusive envase. .kilo. . Habas medicinales yparauso industrial, inclusive el envase. .kilo! '. Hierro — percloruro, liquido, inclusive envase kilo. carbonato, percloruro ; sulfate amoniacal, sulfato puro lima- .dura ;.kilo.. citrato amoniacal, lactato y tartrato potSsico kilo. . arseniaco, reducido ]j;[g carbonato muyimpuro, pirolignito, inclusive el envase. . . .kilo. '. citrato y quinina ' [kjiQ' ' pirofosfato !.".'!!."!.".'.".'.! kilo albuminate kilo ' valerianate i.;i„ ' 1 . . kilo. . valerianate y quinma j^jj^ sulfate impure 6 caparresa, inclusive el envase. ...'.'.'... [kilo ' Hiosciamina ^^„„„" I Hejas*- grarao..| debuchii _I^i,g_ Pesos. .30 1.50 2.00 2.00 • 50 I. 00 1.50 . 10 ■ 15 1. CO .80 • 50 2. GO .50 .30 •30 .60 . 40 1. 20 2. 00 2. 00 •25 •15 4-50 2. 00 • 30 .08 . 10 1. 20 .16 • 50 1.50 2. 00 ■05 25.00 4. 00 '8.00 15.00 65.0s ,02 5. 00 * Estas partidas se pesarin con sus envolturas. fardos 6 envase inmediato. 50 Pesos, •075 • 375 • 50 • 50 .125 ■ 25 •375 . 025 •0375 •25 . 20 .125 .50 .125 .075 Libre. ■15 . ro ■ 30 ■50 ■50 . 0625 •0375 1. 125 ■ 50 •075 . 02 . 025 •30 .04 .125 •375 .50 . 0125 6.25 I. 00 2.00 3.75 16.25 .005 1.25 .125 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DETJQS ABD PAINTS— Continued. 277 Articles. Duty. Flowers — Alhucema Poppies Kousso, in general '. Provence red rose Sambucus and all others, in general*. , pound ...do.. ..do.. ...do.. ..do.. Dollars. .0328 . 1 641 .2188 .2188 .0547 Phosphorus — Common, including container do. . . Amorphous, including container do. . . Gallipot, including container do . . . Gasoline, including container do. . . Gelatin — Fine, including wrapper do. . . Fair, including wrapper do . . . Glue, to clarify wines, including container do. . . Gauzes, medicinal, in general, including wrapper do. . . Glycerin — Of 30", including container do. . . Of less degrees, including container do. . . Exclusively for industrial purposes do. . . Gums — Arabic, white Senegal, asafetida, including container do. . . Copal, dammar, lac, kino, sandrac, including container do. . . Ammoniacal, India-rubber, cautchouc, guttapercha, tragacanth, sagape- num, dragon's blood, and elemi pound. Guttapercha, in sheets, and mastic do . . . Galbanum or galban, for dentists do — Senegal, bleached, including container do. . . Same, impure, including container do. . . Guaiacum do. . . Guta-gamba and myrm do... Resin, incense, including container do. . . Glucose, of starch, including container do. . . Grease, or residues of kerosene, for engines, including container. . . .do. . . Beans, medicinal, and for industrial purposes, including container . . .do. . . Iron — Perchloride, liquid, including container do. . . Carbonate of perchloride, sulphate ammoniacal, sulphate pure, filings, pound . Citrate ammoniacal, lactate, and tartrate potassic do. . . Arseniate, red uced • j ' " ' Carbonate, very impure, pyrolignitic, including container do. . . Citrate of, and quinine do. . . Pyrophosphate do . . . Albuminate j°' " Valerianate °°- • • Same, and quinine QO- • ■ Sulphate, impure, or copperas, including container do. . . Hyosciamine ounce. Leaves + — , Buchu • , P0""<1' • The above articles will be weighed together with container. t These articles will be weighed together with container. .1094 . 1641 .0109 .0164 .1094 .0875 .0547 .2188 .0547 .0328 Free. .0657 .0438 .1313 .2188 .2188 .0274 .0164 .4924 .2188 .0328 .0088 .0109 .1313 .0175 • 0547 . 1641 .2188 .0055 2.7355 .4377 .8754 I. 6413 7. 1123 . 0022 1.93 .0547 278 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. OBOGAS y PnmrSAS— Continfia. Articulos. Hojas — Continfia. de canabis indico kilo . medicinales y para uso industrial en general kilo. Huesos — calcinados (fosfato de cal) kilo de Jibia kjlo.' J"jol kilo lodo puro kilo . J°™ai ■ ■■■ikiio!! .kilo.. arsenical . coco, inclusive el envase kilo medicinal .'.'.'.".".'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.".'kilo. Jarabe — de frutas en general, inclusive el envase kilo. violetas ., ' Licop6dio .". .".".'.'.".'.'.'.'.".".'.'.'■■.■ k] ' Liquen isUndico 6 amarillo i,-i«' Litargirio '.'.'.'.'.'.'.""" k' Litina y sus sales .'."....'..' ki Lactofosfato de cal "..".!.!!. k'l Legia ffenix, para lavar, inclusive envase i,;i^" ' Ldpulo ^IJ° • ■ Mackintosh, inclusive envoituras ' T-i Macisflor '. ^I"-' Magnesia — kilo.. calcinada carbonato, inclusive envoituras. ..".".".". u'l " citrato, inclusive envase .".".'..".. tn" sulfate, inclusive envase Magnesio puro Malt, inclusive el envase Man4 — Idgrimas, inclusive el envase. . en suerte, inclusive el envase. Manita, con envoltura Manganeso — y sus sales ..kilo. ..kilo. .kilo. ..kilo, kilo.. kilo. per6xido, inclusive el envase '..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. kilo " Aforos. Derecho. PesM. Pesos. 1.90 ■25 .20 •05 .50 .125 .60 ■15 15.00 3-75 7.00 1-75 40. 00 10.00 5- 00 1.25 8.00 2.00 8.00 2. 00 .50 .125 I. 00 •25 ■ 50 .125 I. 00 •25 I. 00 •25 .04 .01 • 30 .075 3.00 •75 2. 00 • 50 .50 .125 . 20 .05 I. 00 ■25 1.50 •375 1.50 •375 .30 .075 • 30 .075 10. 00 2.50 5.00 ^•25 .05 .0125 .50 Libre. 9.00 2. 25 1.50 •375 I. 00 •25 .40 . 10 .60 • 15 . 10 •25 25. 00 6.25 . 10 .025 1.50 •375 .70 •175 2.00 • 50 I. 00 •25 .12 .03 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DSTIG8 AND PAIHTS— Continued. 279 Articles. Duty. Leaves — Continued. Cannabis indica pound Medicinal, and for industrial purposes do. . Bones — Calcinated, phosphate of lime do. . Of jibia do.. Ichthyol do. . Iodine, pure do. . lodol do. . Iodide of iron and potassium, including container do. . Other iodides, including container do . . Iodoform *. . . .do. . Soap — Green or soft, including container do. . Animal do. Arsenical do. . Cocoanut, including container do. . Medicinal do. . Syrup — Of fruits in general, including container do. . Of violet and other medicinal, including container do. . Kamala do . . Kaolin — Impure, commercial do. . Pure do. . Kermes, mineral do. . Lac djxs — In general, and all powdered dyes, including container do. . In water, all colors and qualities, including container do. . Sealing wax for bottles, including container do. . Lanoline, including container do.. Lactucariura do. . Lycopodium do. . Lichen, Iceland moss or yellow do. . Litharge do.. Lithia and salts d°- • Lactophosphate of lime do. . Lye, Phoenix, for washing, including container do. . Hops do.. Mackintosh, including container do. . Mace, flower .• do. . Magnesia — Calcinated do.. Carbonate of, including container do. . Citrate of, including container do. . Sulphate of, including container do.. Magnesium, pure do. . Malt, including container do. . Manna — , In flakes, including container °°- • In sorts, including container do. . Mannite, including wrapper do. . Manganese — , Metallic and salts °° ■ • Peroxide of, including container -do. . Doilars. .1094 .0219 .0547 .0657 I. 6413 •7659 4. 3768 .5471 .8754 .8754 •0547 .1094 . 1641 .0547 .1094 •0547 .1094 .1094 .0044 .0328 .3283 .2188 .0547 .0219 .1094 " . 1641 . 164I .0328 .0328 1. 0942 .5471 .0547 Free. .9847 . 1641 .1094 .0438 .0657 .1094 2. 7355 .oiog . 1641 .0766 .2188 . 1091 .0134 280 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DEOGAS T PINTUEAS— Continlia. Artfculos. Manteca cacao, inclusive el envase kilo. Masilla para vidrieros, inclusive el envase kilo . Mercurio — ■ cianuro kilo. con creta kilo. dento-cloruro y sulfato kilo. sulfocianuro kilo. Mentol, inclusive el envase kilo. Miel de avejas, inclusive el envase kilo. Mixtura, para doradores, inclusive el envase kilo. Mor&na — pura, acetato, muriato y sulfato hect6gramo. sales, no mencionadas hect6gramo. Narceina )' sus sales gramo . Naftalina — pura kilo. impura, inclusive el envase kilo . Nikel— metdlico kilo. sulfato kilo. Nitrato — de amilo kilo. de soda destinado esclusivamente 6. las industrias del pais, kilo . Nuez — moscada, inclusive el envase kilo. v6mica, entera kilo. raspada 6 polvo kilo. Ocre todos colores, inclusive el envase kilo. Opio en general kilo Orchilla— liquida, inclusive el envase kilo. pasta, inclusive el envase kilo. polvo, inclusive el envase kilo. Oro y sus sales gramo. Osa cfepia .kilo. Oxido pldbico quemado, inclusive el envase kilo Palo— amarillo, del Brasil, Campeche y Fustete kilo. guayaco, sdndalo, cuasia sasaf ras kilo. Pancreatina kilo Pasta— altea, inclusive el envase kilo. orozfi, inclusive el envase kilo. de libra vegetal, para la fabricaci6n de papel kilo, Pastillas — ■ caramelos 6 confites no medicinales, inclusive el envase . . kilo . medicinales, inclusive el envase kilo. 6 pebetes, para zahumar, inclusive el envase .'..'. . .kilo' Papaina .' .' ."kilo ! Parafina, inclusive el envase kilo. Pega-pega, inclusive el envase kilo. Pepsina en general kilo . Aforos. Derecho- Pesos. Ptsos. I. 20 ■ 30 ■ 05 .0125 6. oo 1.50 2. CO • 50 2. oo • 50 25. 00 6. 25 5. 00 1.25 •25 .0625 2. 00 • 50 10. 00 2.50 20. 00 5.00 30 • 075 I. 00 .25 . 10 . 025 2. 50 .625 1.50 • 375 6. 00 1.50 •03 Libre. I, 20 • 30 .50 .125 • 75 .1875 •05 .0125 10. 00 2. 50 . 20 .05 ■ 30 • 075 .50 .125 • 25 .0625 I. 00 • 25 .15 • 0375 .xo .025 .20 .05 15. 00 3^75 1.50 ■375 • 30 ■075 . 10 Libre. .60 ■15 I. 00 .25 .70 •175 60.00 iS^oo • 50 .125 .40 . 10 10. 00 2.50 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DRUGS AND PAIHTS— Continued. 281 Articles. Duty. Cocoa butter, including container pound . , Putty for glaizers, including container do. . . Mercury — Cj'anide do. . . With chalk do. . . Deuto-chloride, and sulphate do. . . Sulpho-cyanide do. . . Menthol, including container do. . . Honey, including container do. . . Mixture for gilders, including container do. . . Morphia — Pure, acetate, muriate, and sulphate of ounce. Other salts of, not mentioned do — Narceine and salts pennyweight. Naphthaline — Pure pound . Impure, including container do. . . Nickel — Metallic ao- ■ • Sulphate of do... Nitrate — Of amyl do... Of soda, exclusively for industrial purposes do. . . Nutmeg, including container do. . . Nux vomica — Whole 5°- • ■ Powdered °°- • • Ochers of all colors, including container do. . . Opium, in general °°- ■ • Orchilla— Liquid, including container ao- •■ In paste, including container do. . . In powder, including container do. . . Gold and salts pennyweight . Ossa sepia P°""^- Oxide of lead, burnt, including container ao... Wood— ^ , Log, yellow, Brazil, Campeche, and Fustct ao. Guaiacum, sandalwood, quassia, sassafras Pancreatine Paste— Marshmallow, including container Licorice, including container Vegetable fiber for the manufacture of paper Lozenges — , . , ,. Caramels or comfits, not medicinal, including container Same, medicinal, including container Pastilles for scenting, including container Papaine Paraffin, including container ""• ' ■ Pega-pega, including container do " Pepsin in general do... do... .do. .do. .do. .do., .do., .do., .do., .do. Dollars, .1313 .0055' .6565 .2188 .2188 2.7355 ■5471 .0274 .2188 .6893 1.3786 .1158 .1094 . 0109 .2736 . 164I .6565 Free. • 1313 ■ 0547 .0821 .0055 I. 0942 .0219 .0328 .0547 .0965 . 1094 . 0164 .0109 . 0219 I. 6413 . 1641 . 032& Free. .0657 • 1094 .0766 6. 5652 .0547 .043"? I. 0942 282 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. DBOGAS Y FINTUJtAS — ContintU. Artlculos. Peptona en general kilo. Pez— de BorgoHa kilo. resina, negra ^ to i liter do. . . Same, more than i liter ; in proportion. Soda, in bottles of half a liter or less do. . Food— Liebig, in packages of 12 doses do. . Same, in jars do. . Milling do . . Alterative, Jaynes do. . Anacahuita do- • Sugar, ferruginous, Chateaud do. . Tar, Guyon do . . Balsam — Corvisard, in quart bottles do. . Same, in pint bottles do. . Greaves, for chilblains do. . Vital, Asiatic do. . Kiesow do.. Jackson do. . Biscuits — Olivier, in boxes do. . Same, in half-size boxes do. . Hostetter's bitters do.. Capsules — Special, in boxes or bottles do. . Copaiba, cubeb, matico, cod-liver oil, castor oil, turpentine, and tar, dozen Other substances do. . * Pharmaceutical specifics will pay 25 per cent ad valorem additional duty. 2. 4125 3- 3775 .386 • 579 .7238 I. 2063 1.93 .965 .579 • 965 .4825 .965 1. 4475 I. 20625 1.93 2.895 2.4125 1.4475 2.4125 I. 4475 I- 4475 .4825 1.93 1. 4475 2. 1713 1.6888 4-825 1.6888 I. 2063 7-2375 Bull. 67 19 2gO ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. MEDICAMEirTOS ESPECIAIES T ESPECfFICOS— Continda. Artlculos. Aforos. Derecho. Candelillas Reynal, cajas de 12 docena. Carminativo Jayne docena . Cdustico — Filhos docena. para caballos docena . Cataplasmas Hamilton ii otras docena. Cigarrilios — especiales, en cajas docena . sueltos ciento. Chocolate medicinal, inclusive el envase kilo. Citrato— magnesia, frascos hasta 60 gramos docena. magnesia, frascos hasta 125 gramos docena. magnesia, frascos hasta 250 gramos docena. Clorodina — frascos 16 gramos docena. frascos 32 gramos docena. Cloruro — 6xido de sodio, hasta 500 gramos docena. 6xido de sodio, mayor tamaiio docena. Coaltar Lebeuf. docena. Colodi6n — para fot6grafos, frascos hasta 200 gramos docena . para fot6grafos, frascos hasta 350 gramos docena. Confites especiales medicinales docena. Conserva Dutand docena! Creosota — Boyer cloroformizada. . docena ^ Villar docena! Crema bismuto docena Conserva peptona docena! Cuajo, botellas hasta un litro ; docena! Ducha nasal del Dr. Pierce !docena! Descubrimiento de oro de idem idem docena Electuario Brera !!!! docena Elixires en general .'!!."!! !!docena" Extracto — Buchfi, Risleyfi otros docena yerba picante del Dr. Pierce !!.!!!!!!! !docena carneLiebig, tarritos hasta 125 gramos !! docena Emplastos — P°""°.=?^-, docena. medicinales docena Emulsi6n pancre4tica j„^„ " T-. ^. '^ - , Qocena. Ergotina en frascos hasta 30 gramos docena Esencia — Lemoine j maravillosa docena. vidaKiesow :!!!:; docena. 6 alcohol menta Rides, frascos hasta 50 gramos!!" "docena' mayor tamano ' "^^"■*- Espectorante Jayne aocena. Fenol de Bobeuf (1 otros '.. h^*^^"^" aocena. , Pesos. 8.00 4.00 2.00 4. 00 3- 00 3-00 3.00 1. 00 Pesos. 4. 00 2,00 r. 00 2. 00 1.50 1.50 1.50 .50 1.50 • 75 2. 50 1.25 4.00 2.00 2.50 1.25 4. 00 2.00 3- 00 1.50 5.00 2. 50 4.00 2.00 6.00 3. 00 10.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 3- 00 3- 50 1-75 2. 50 1.25 8.00 4.00 5.00 2.50 3.50 1-75 12.00 6. 00 8.00 4.00 2. 00 1. 00 6.00 3.00 5- 00 2. 50 5.00 2.50 8.00 4.00 I. 00 .50 2.50 1.25 5.00 2.50 7.00 3.50 2.50 I.2fi .60 •30 4.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 7.00 3.50 6.00 3.00 3.00 i.iio ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. SPECIAL MEDICXmES AND SPECrPICS— Continued. 291 Articles. Catheters, Reynal, boxes of 12 dozen Carminative, Jayne do. . Caustic — Filhos do. . For horses , do . . Poultices, Hamilton, or others do. . Cigarettes — Special, in boxes do. . Loose 100. Chocolate, medicinal, including wrapper pound Citrate— Of magnesia, in bottles of 60 grams and less dozen Same, up to 125 grams do.. Same, up to 250 grams do . . Chlorodine — Bottles of 16 grams do. . Same, 32 grams do. . Chloride — Of oxide of sodium, up to 500 grams do. . Same, larger sizes do. . Coal tar, Lebeuf do. Collodion — For photographers, in bottles up to 200 grams do. . Same, up to 350 grams do.. Comfits, special, medicinal do. . Preserve, Dutand do. . Creosote — Boyer, chloroformized do. . Villar do.. Cream bismuth do. . Preserve, pectone do . . Rennet, bottles of i liter and less do. . Dr. Pierce's nasal douche do . . Gold cKscovery do. . Brera's electuary -. do. . Elixirs, in general do . . Extracts — Buchu, Risley, or others do. . Dr. Pierce's yerba picante do. . Liebig's, of meat, small jars, up to 125 grams do. . Plasters — Porous do.. Medicinal do. . Pancreatic emulsion do. . Ergotine in bottles, up to 30 grams do. . Essences — Lemoine do. . Marvelous do. . Kiesow of life do. . Ricles, or pepper mint alcohol, in bottles, up to 50 grams do. . Same, in large bottles do. . Jayne's expectorant do . . , Phenol, Bobeuf or others do. ., 292 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. M£I)ICAMEin;OS ESFECIALES T ESFEgIfICOS— Continfia. ArUculos. Aforos. Derecho. Fluido desinfectante l^acdugal docena. Fosfato hierro Leras docena. Fruta Julien docena. G16bulos homeopiticos sueltos kilo . Grajeas — 6 grinulos sueltos de aloes kilo. 6 grdnulos medicinales kilo. 6 dosimfetricas, cajas 10 tubos docena. Grdnulos de Mentel y medicinales en general docena. Gotas Hvonienses docena. Goudr6n Guyot ; vfease Alquitran. Harina Idctea, cacao lact£ con carne, inclusive el envase kilo. Helicina Delamarre docena. Hierro — Quevenne (i otros semejantes docena. . dializado, hemitico, Michel, Girard, Levaigne, otros semejantes, docena.. Inyecciones, en general docena. . Jabones medicinales, inclusive envase kilo . . Jaborandi, de cuitino 1i otros docena. . Jarabes especiales, en general docena. . Kousso, polvos, frasquitos docena. Lapices de mentol docena. Leche — anteffelica, en general ; docena. bismuto, Siemens (1 otros docena! '. Leroy — purgante docena. . vomitivo .. docena. Licores medicinales, en general docena Limonada Roy6, polvo !docena Lactopeptona, frascos hasta 30 gramos docena' Laminaria, cajas de i docena .docena Linimento — ^°y^' •■ docena.. Mata-dolor, Perry Davis ix otros docena Moscas, Milan ^;„„,„'" n, '. ciento.. Magnesia — calcinada, Henij. docena.. idem, no rotulada, Henry docena fluida, frascos hasta 300 gramos '.'.'.'.'.'. docena idem, hasta 200 gramos docena ' idem, hasta 100 gramos .........'.'.'. docena' " Maltina, 6 estracto de malt, en frascos doce Ostias, c6ncavas 6 especiales, inclusive el envase* kifo' " Pagliano purgante ".'.■.■.■■■.■ docena ' Pancreatina— aocena. . frascos hasta de 2^ sframos. . j r ^ s ■ aocena. . frascos mayor tamano dnrpna Papeles— docena.. medicinales, todo envase docena Pesos. 3.00 4. 00 3.00 5. 00 2. 50 15.00 8.00 3- 00 6.00 • 35 3.00 5.00 4.00 8.00 1.50 2. 50 6. 00 5- 00 I. 00 8.00 6.00 8.00 3.00 6.00 4.00 15.00 6.00 3- 00 6. 00 3.00 1.50 7.00 4.00 3-50 2. 50 1.50 8.00 5.00 3- 00 5- 00 8.00 4- 00 Pesos, 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.25 7.50 4.00 1.50 3.00 •175 1.50 2.50 2.00 4.00 •75 1.25 3- 00 2. 50 .50 4.00 3.00 4.00 1.50 3.00 2.00 7.50 3. 00 1.50 3- 00 1.50 .75 3^50 2.00 i^75 i^2S •75 4.00 2.50 1. 50 2. 50 4.00 2.00 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. SPECIAI MEDICmES AND SPECIFICS— Continued. 293 Articles. Duty. Macdougal's disinfectant fluid dozen . Phosphate of iron, Leras -. do. . . Julien fruit ' do. . . Homeopathic globules, loose pound . Pellets- Aloes granules, loose do. . . Medicinal granules do. . . Dosimetricas, in boxes of 10 tubes dozen . Mentel's granules, and general medicinal do. . . Livonian drops do. . . Goudron Guyot ; see Tar. Sugar of milk, cocoa, lacte with meat, including container pound. Delamarre's Helicine dozen . Iron — Quevenne and others similar do. . . Dyalized, hematic, Michel, Girard, Levaigne, and others similar .do... Injections in general do. . . Medicinal soaps, including container pound . Jaborindi, Cuitino's or others' dozen. Special sirups, in general do. . . Kousso powders in small bottles do. . . Menthol pencils do. .. Milk— Antefelic, in general do. .. Bismuth, Siemens, and others do. . . Leroy — Purgative do. . . Emetic do. . . Medicinal liquors, in general do. . . Roye's lemonade, in powder do. . . Lactopeptone, in bottles, up to 30 grams do. . . Lammaria, boxes of i dozen do . . . Liniments — Boyer's do... Genau's do. . . Perry Davis's and other pain-killers do. . . Milan flies 100. Magnesia — Henry's calcinated dozen . Other calcinated do. . . Fluid, in bottles up to 300 grams do. . . Same, up to 200 grams do. . . Same, up to 100 grams do... Maltine, or malt extract, in bottles do. . . Wafers, concave or special, including container pound. Pagliano, purgative dozen . Pancreatine — In bottles, up to 25 grams do... Same, in larger bottles do. . . Papers — Medicinal, including containers do. . . Dollars, I- 4475 1-93 I- 4475 .6565 1-93 294 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. MEDICAMESTOS ESFECIALES T ESPEcIfXCOS— Contintia. Articulos. Derecho. Papeles — Continda. Royer docena. cdustico Smith, cajas 12 hojas caja. para letrinas kilo. Pastas y pastillas, todas marcas docena. Perlas — y pildoras, en general docena. y pildoras, sueltas kilo. Piretic saline, fiascos hasta 125 gramos docena . Polvos — de aceite bacalao, cajas 50 gramos docena. para aparatos gaz6genos, en paquetes, inclusive estos . . .kilo. carb6n Belloc. docena. insecticida, frascos 6 cajas hasta 125 gramos docena. Morris6n docena. carb6n y quina, Laroche docena. paulinia, cajas 10 tomas docena. Himrood docena . Pollini docena. pepsina, Chauteaud docena. Pagliano, en cajitas docena! . Pomada, viuda Famier docena. Pepsina — de Boudault, frascos 15 gramos docena de Boudault, 30 gramos .!.'.!docena „, s"«lta kilo.. Placas — secas fotogrificas, pequefias, hasta 8 por 12 centSmetros. docena. . secas fotograficas, tamano 13 por 18 centlmetros docena secas fotogrdficas, tamafio 20 por 25 centlmetros docena secas fotogrificas, tamano 30 por 38 docena secas fotogrificas, tamano mayor '. " idocena docena. Pronto alivio , Racahout irabes . .docena. . Remedio para catarro, Dr. Pierce ' 'Hnrpn^ ' ' Receta favorita. Dr. Pierce Hnr^^^ ' Restaurador Rosetter ii otras Hnr^n, ' ' Resolutive Jayne 6 Radway rin^! Roob — aocena.. Lafecteur hasta medio litre doce Lafecteur, mayor tomafio .'..".'.".".'.'.'.. doc "^ oai — de frutas, Enos ii otros semejantes . . dorpna de mar, para banos, inclusive envase . . ifn^ ' " Pennes, parabanos ---kuo. . Vichy, para banos " docena.. Salvado almendras, inclusive el envase clocena. . Solucidn — kuo. . Mentel y Coire , salicilato soda Clin ti otras aocena. . Caiman docena.. aocena. . Pesos.' 3- 00 3.00 .60 3.00 3-50 10.00 4.00 3.00 r. 00 3.00 1.50 3.00 2. 50 5- 00 5.00 18.00 5.00 3- 00 6.00 5- 00 g. 00 25.00 1. 00 2.50 3-50 8.00 12.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 15.00 7. 00 . 10 3.00 2.50 2.00 4- 00 10.00 7.00 Pesos. 1.50 1.50 .30 1.50 1-75 5- 00 2.00 1.50 • SO 1.50 •75 1.50 1. 25 2.50 2. 50 g. 00 2. 50 r. 50 3.00 2.50 4- 50 12.50 .50 1-25 1-75 4.00 6.00 2.00 2. 50 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 7- SO 3- 50 .05 1.50 1.25 1. 00 2.00 5.00 3.50 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. SPECIAL KEDICHTES ASJ) BFECIFICS— Continued. 295 Articles. Papers — Continued. Royer's dozen . Smith's caustic, in boxes of 12 sheets i box . Toilet pound . Pastes and pastilles of all brands dozen. Pearls — And pills in general do. . Same, loose pound. Saline's piretic, in bottles up to 125 gram's dozen. Powders — Cod-liver oil, in boxes of 50 grams do. .. For gas-generating apparatus, in packages, including container, pound. Belloc's charcoal dozen . Insect, in bottles or boxes of 125 grams or less do. . . Morrison's do. . . Larroche's charcoal and cinchona do. . . Paulina, in boxes of 10 doses do . . . Himrood do.. . PoUini do. . . Chateaud's pepsin do. .. Pagliano, in small boxes do . . . Pomade, Widow Farmer's do. ., Pepsin — Boudalt, in bottles of 15 grains do. . . Same, of 30 grams do... Loose pound, Plates — Photographic, dry, 8 by 12 centimeters i dozen. . Same, 13 by 18 centimeters do. . . Same, 20 by 25 centimeters do. .. Same, 30 by 38 centimeters do... Same, larger size do... Prompt relief do... Racahout of the Arabians do . . . Dr. Pierce's catarrh remedy do... Dr. Pierce's favorite prescription do. . . Rosetter restorer, or other do... Jayne's or Radway's resolutive do . . . Rob Lafecteur, in bottles up to half a liter do. . . Same, in larger bottles do. . . Salts- Fruit, Enos's or other J' Sea, for baths, including container pound. Pennes's, for baths dozen. Vichy's, for baths do. . . Almond bran, for baths, including container pound . Solution — Mentel's and Coire's dozen. Clin's salicitate of soda, and other do... Caiman's. .do. 296 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. MEDICAUENTOS ESFECIALES T ESFECtFICOS— Continda. Artlculos. Aforos. Sedlitz— Chantaud docena. Chantaud suelto kilo . Sinapismos — Rigollot, cajas 10 hojas docena. RigoUot, cajas 25 hojas docena. Rigollot, mayor tamano; en proporci6n. Tafetdn inglfes en paquetitos docena. Tamarindo extracto, Erba fi otros, fiascos hasta 20ogramos . . docena. T6 Cadet, Suizo, Chambord docena . Tamar indico docena. T6nico Oriental docena. T6pico indico docena. Tric6fero Barry y Crema Perlas docena. Ungilento Holloway docena. Untura docena. Vermifugo — Jayne docena. Swain • docena. Vinos — medicinales hasta 350 gramos docena. mayor tamaflo docena . Zarzaparrilla, Bristol ti otras docena. Pesos, 10.00 5.00 3- 00 6.00 .40 3.00 1.50 5.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 -1. 00 3.00 3.00 4.50 6. 00 10.00 10.00 Derecho. Pesos, 5. 00 2. 50 1.50 3-00 . 20 1.50 •75 2. 50 2.00 1.50 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 2. 25 3.00 5.00 5.00 NoTA.—La5 especialidades no comprendidas en tarifa pagarin con arreglo d sus similares. vasean de sistema alopatico, homeopddco ii otrOB. IJTILES de BOTICA, mSTETTMENTOS DE CIBUjiA, fIsICA, 6pTICA Y QUIMICA. Agujas — 6 c4nulas para jeringas hipodfermicas una para suturas docena. . Anillos — de toda clase para dentici6n docena galvdnicos, toda clase " !docena Aparatos — gaz6genos hasta 3 botellas uno gaz6genos, mayor tamano !.". *. '. !uno L'Hote, toda forma '.'.".'. uno desalojo, todo tamano '.!!."!."!' uno Salleron ,,„„' ' T^ , uno.. compresor Esmarch ,^ para campanillas el6ctricas, timbres el'^ctncos V otras " ' se de' " clara valor. ' sif6n, para soda Armaduras, para sifones A . J ^ una.. Aspirador — comfin Potain Diculofoi, nfimero i al 4 '.''.'. u Diculofoi, nfimero 5 al 6 un° Galante °"' f"i>-d i:::::::::::::::::::::::^:: .30 1.00 1. 00 2.00 2.50 4.50 1. 00 5.00 6.00 8.00 .60 .30 12.00 10.00 30.00 16. 00 12. 00 .075 .25 ■25 .50 .625 1. 125 • 25 1-25 1.50 2.00 15 .065 3- 00 2. 50 7-50 4. 00 3. 00 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. SPECIAL MEDICINES AITD SPECIFICS— Continued. 297 Articles. Seidlitz— Chateaud's dozen . Same, loose pound . Mustard plasters — « Rigoilot's, in boxes of 10 dozen. Same, in boxes of 25 do. . . Same, in boxes of more than 25; in proportion. Court plasters, in small packages do. . . Extract of tamarind, Erba's, or other, in bottles up to 200 grams do. . . Teas, Cadet, Swiss, Chambord do . . . Tamar indien do. . . Oriental tonic do. . . Indian topic do . . . Barry's tricopherus and cream pearls do. . . Holloway's ointment do. . . Ointment do. . . Vermifuge — Jayne's do. . . Swain's do . . . Wines — Medicinal, up to 350 grams do. .. Same, in larger quantities do. . . Sarsaparilla, Bristol or other do . . . Duty. Dollar's 4.825 I. 0942 I. 4475 2.895 193 4475 7238 4125 93 4475 93 93 4475 1. 4475 2. 1713 2.895 4.825 4.825 Note.— Specifics not mentioned will pay according to their class, wliether liomeopatliic, aUopatiiic, or ctlier systems. FHABUACY IMPLEMENTS AITI) SUHaiCAL, PHYSICAL, OPTICAL, AND CHEMICAL INSTBTTMEinS. Needles or tubes — For hypodermic syringes each Same, for stitching dozen Rings — Of all classes, for teething do . Galvanic, of all classes do. . Apparatus — Gas-generating, containing 3 bottles or less each Same, larger size do. . L'Hote's, all forms do. . Desalojo, all sizes do. . Saleron's do. . Esmarch's compressor do . . For electrical bells; ad valorem. Siphons, for soda water do . . Protectors for siphons do . . Inhalers — Potain, common do. . Diculofoi, Nos. i to 4 do. . Same, Nos. 5 to 6 do . . Galante do.. Fachard do . . .0724 .2413 .2413 .4825 .6031 .9891 .2413 I. 2063 I. 4475 1-93 .1448 . 0627 2.895 2.4125 7- 2375 3.86 2.895 298 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC UTILES DE BOnCA, DrSTEITMENTOS DE CIBXrjiA, PfsiCA, 5fIICA T ftTJlMICA— Con- tintia. Articulos. Aforos. Derecho. Asientos de goma uno . Are6metros 6 pesa-liquidos en general uno . Bolsas — parabafios en la cabeza, docena. hielo, de goma docena. goma, para agua caliente docena. goma, para gas docena. Balanzas — para farmacia, hasta regulares una. para farmacia, finas una. para farmacia, de precisidn una . Boquillas, para alcanfor docena. Bragueros — grandes, en general uno. para nines, en general uno. Brazaletes, de toda clase uno. Botellas, para slfdn, para soda una. Braseros, de tierra refractaria uno . Bendas, en general, inclusive envolturas 6 aparato de envoltura, kilo. Cajas — cart6n, para pildoras 6 polvos, clase ordinaria, hasta 125 gramos, inclusive los envoltorios kilo. idem, idem, regulares, inclusive los envoltorios kilo. idem , finas, inclusive los envoltorios kilo . de madera, tomeadas, lustradas, para polvos docena. idem, & la rdstica docena. viruta, inclusive los envoltorios kilo. madera, con tapa, para polvos de dientes, hasta 60 gramos, docena . idem, idem, mayor tamano docena. C&nulas — de goma, en general una. idem, idem, 6 sondas exofdjicas una. de hueso, para geringas docena. Cdpsulas — plomo chicas, para frascos de botica kilo lata, para frascos de botica, ordinarias docena. para botellas kilo! lata, para frascos de botica, doradas 6 plateadas docena. porcelana, hasta 125 gramos una! porcelana, mayor tamano una! Candelillas, cera !!_'_' !docena! Cepillos — elfectricos, para dientes docena elfectricos, para bafios ! !docena" el6ctricos, para la cabeza ! !docena" Cinturas 6 fajas ombligales, para el vientre, en general .... . .una Collares — de dmbar, para nifios uj,q ebano, para nifios !!!!!!!!!! uno el6ctrico, Roger !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !uno Pesos. 3.00 •30 2.00 4. 00 i3. 00 25.00 5.00 ro. 00 20.00 .50 r. 00 .60 • 30 • 30 4.00 .80 Pesos. • 75 .075 .50 1. 00 4-50 6. 25 1.25 2. 50 5.00 • 125 .25 -15 .075 .075 1. 00 .20 .50 •125 1. 00 • 25 2.00 • 50 .30 • 075 . 12 .03 40 .10 .60 • 15 I. 00 •25 . ro .025 2. 00 • 50 • 50 .125 I. 00 • 25 I. 00 -25 .70 • 175 2.00 • 50 • 40 . 10 .80 . 20 .25 .0625 2.00 .50 8.00 2.00 10.00 2. 50 2.00 .50 .50 .125 . 20 •05 .60 .15 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 299 PHASUACY IMFrElCEinS Aim SUBGICAL, PHYSICAL, OPTICAL, ASH CEEUICAL nrSTBtTKEIIIS— Continued. Articles. Rubber cushions, for chairs each. Areometers, in general do. . . Bags— For bathing the head dozen . India rubber, for ice do. . . Same, for hot water , do . . . Same, for gas do . . . Scales — For pharmacists, ordinary and fair each . Same, fine do . . . Same, extra fine .' do. . . Inhalers for camphor dozen . Trusses — Large, in general each. For children, in general do. . . Bracelets, of all kinds do. . . Bottles for siphons, for soda do. . . Brasiers of refractory clay do. . . Bandages, in general, including container. . .• pound. Boxes — Pasteboard, for pills or powders, ordinary class, up to 125 grams, includ- ing container pound. Same, fair, including container do. . . Same, fine, including container do. . . Wooden, turned, polished, for powders dozen. Same, rough do. . . Made of shavings, including container pound. Wooden, with cover, for tooth powders, up to 60 grams dozen. Same, larger size do. . . Sounds or probes — India rubber, in general each . Same, esophagic do... Bone, for syringes dozen. Caps — Small, for drug-store flasks, lead pound. Same, tin, ordinary dozen . For bottles pound . Tin, gilded or silver-plated dozen. Porcelain, up to 125 grams each . Same, larger size do. . . Catheters, beeswax dozen . ' Brushes — Tooth, electrical j ■" Bath, electrical ao- • ■ Hair, electrical il Belts, stomach ^^<=" Necklaces — Amber, for children do.., Ebony, for children °°- ■ ' Roger, electrical do.., Dollars. .7238 .9724 300 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. trnVES DE BOTICA, rUSTEITMEirrOS DE CIBTTjiA, rf SICA, 6fTICA T ftUIMICA— Con- tinfia. Aitfculos. Aforos. Derecho. uno. uno. uno. Copitas — de vidrio, para ojos uno para ventosas uno 6 vases cuassia uno Corchos de goma kilo Cucharitas de vidrio, loza 6 porcelana una Cuentas 6 coUares de lirio kilo Cuenta-gotas, en general kilo, Conservas 6 copas, con tapa, para farmacia ; se declara valor. Embudos — de guta-percha uno, de vidrio, hasta uno y medio litros docena, de vidrio, mayores hasta 5 litros docena. Escarificadores — ■ de 8 lancetas de 12 lancetas de 16 lancetas _ con caja, de 8 lancetas uno. con caja, de 12 lancetas uno. con caja, de 16 lancetas uno. Etiquetas — para farmacia, comunes ciento. para farmacia, finas ]\\\ iciento! '. para despacho de botica, inclusive caja 6 cnvoltura kilo Esp4tulas, en general una Estet6scopos uno Constantin ■l.^.l^ll'.ll'.'.ll'.^y.'.l'luno'.. rrascos — esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 50 gramos ciento esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 100 gramos ciento esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 250 gramos ..'. ciento esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 500 gramos ." ciento esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 1,000 gramos ...'. ciento esmerilados, con tapa, hasta 2,000 gramos '..., ciento esmerilados, con tapa, mayor tamano ; en relaci6n 6 botellas comunes de vidrio, hasta 300 gramos ciento 6 botellas comunes, de vidrio, mayor tamafio; se af orarSn en " relacion. comunes, boca ancha, hasta 250 gramos ciento comunes, boco ancha, hasta 2,000 gramos ciento ' ' Genngas — • • . .-.".mu. . estano, comunes, todo tamano vidrio, inyecci6n uretral [ ' vidrio, rectas 6 curvas ""^' ' clisobombas en cajas comunes ""^' ' sisteraa Higginson ' ' , ""^" " goma eldstica, hasta 168 gramos goma eUstica, mayor tamano !...'.!! goma elAstica, o 4 0000 irrigadoras Equisier, toda clase . ." ! . ""^' hipod^rmicas, toda clase.. ""^' Guarda-leche— "n^- de vidrio pez6n, madera 6 goma. ... ""^' ^ una. una. una. una. Pesos. . 10 •15 •30 1.50 . 20 2. 00 •50 .50 .40 1.60 4. 00 5.00 6. 00 5.00 6. 00 7.00 I. 00 3.00 2.00 • 25 1. 00 2. 50 3- 00 5.00 8.00 12. 00 30. 00 50.00 2. 00 3- 00 5.00 .40 .025 . 12 .60 .70 ■15 .30 . 10 2. 50 2.50 . 10 •15 Pista. .025 .0275 .075 •375 .05 ■ 50 . 125 .125 . 10 .40 I. 00 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.50 1-75 .25 ■ 75 • 50 . 0625 • 25 .625 • 75 1.25 2. 00 3. 00 7^50 12.50 .50 •75 r. 25 . 10 . 00625 •03 • 15 •175 •0275 •075 .025 .625 • 625 .625 •0375 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 301 PHAEMiCY IMPLEMENTS AND SUEGICAI., PHYSICAI, OPTICAL, AND CHEMICAL IHSTEUMENTS— Continued. Articles. Duty. Cups — Eye each For cupping do. . Quassia do. . Stoppers, India rubber pound Spoons, small, glass, China or porcelain each Beads and necklaces, lirio pound Droppers, in general do. . Goblets, with cover, for pharmacists; ad valorem. Funnels — Gutta-percha each Glass, up to I ^ liters dozen Same, large, up to 5 liters do. . Cupping knives — With 8 lancets each With 12 lancets do. . With 16 lancets do . . With box of 8 lancets do. . Same, of 12 lancets do. . Same, of 16 lancets do. . Labels — For pharmacists, common 100 Same, fine do. . For prescriptions, including container pound Spatulas, in general each Stethoscopes do . . Constantin do. . Flasks— With glass stoppers, up to 50 grams 100 Same, up to 100 grams do. . Same, up to 250 grams do . . Same, up to 500 grams do. . Same, up to 1,000 grams do. . Same, up to 2,000 grafns do . . Same, larger sizes ; in proportion. Or bottles, glass, common, up to 300 grams do. . Same, larger sizes; in proportion. Common, viride mouth, up to 250 grams do. . Same, up to 2,000 grams do.. Syringes — Tin, common, all sizes each Glass, for urethral injection do. . Glass, straight or curved do. . Clyster pumps, in common boxes do. . Higginson system do. . India rubber, up to 168 grams do. . Same, larger size do. . Same, o to 0000 do.. Spraying, Equisier classes do.. Hypodermic, all classes do.. TTursery bottles — Glass do. . Nipples, wood or India rubber do. ^ Dollars. .0241 .0265 .0724 . 1204 .0483 .2188 .0547 . 1207 .0965 .386 •965 I. 2063 1-4475 I. 2063 1. 4475 I. 6888 •2413 .7238 .2188 .0603 .2413 .6031 .7238 I. 2063 1.93 2.895 7- 2375 12. 0625 .4825 .7238 I. 2063 .0965 .006 .029 .1448 .1689 .0265 .0724 .0241 .6031 .6031 .6031 .0362 302 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. TJTILES DE BOTICA, raSTEUMENTOS DE CIETIjfA, liSICA, OPTICA T ftUiMICA— Con- tinfta. Artlculos. Hilo, para botica 6 an&logo kilo. . Hilas— inglesas kilo . . largas, toda clase kilo. . comunes, inclusive bolsas 6 envoltorios kilo. . Instrumentos y iitiles de cirujia, fisica, 6ptica, ingenieria y quimica, no especificados; se declara valor. LSmparas, para alcohol una. . Mamaderas — de vidrio, comunes una. . con tubo de goma una. . Mechas de azufre kilo . . Medias — eMsticas, rodilleras, tobilleras, hilo 6 algod6n una. . elAsticas, rodilleras, tobilleras de seda una. . Medidas — de vidrio, hasta loo gramos una . de vidrio, hasta 250 gramos una. . de vidrio, hasta 500 gramos una. . de vidrio, hasta 1,000 gramos una. . porcelana 6 loza; se aforar&n con arreglo i. las anteriores. Morteros — composici6n 6 porcelana, hasta ndmero 3 uno. . idem idem, 4 al 6 uno. . idem idem, 7 al 12 uno. . idem idem, mayor tamafio; se aforarin en relaci6n. de vidrio kilo. . Ostias comunes, inclusive en envase kilo . . Pepitas, para granatorios, juegos hasta 20 gramos una. . Papel — azul, para soda kilo. . colores, para sobretapa kilo . . filtro general, resma 500 hojas una. Pesarios en general docena '. '. Pezoneras — de vidrio una con bomba de goma una Pildoreros — ordinarios „j,j^ hasta finos *. .'.','.'. una Pincelitos — depelo docena.. con mango, para garganta docena Protectores franela, para el pecho „m, Pulverizadores — Ffenix jjjjg Richardson, hasta n^mero 3 !!.'.!!.'.'." uno " idem, mayor tamano !.'!!..'.! uno Galante, hasta ntimero <^ „„„' ' -J ^ _ •' uno . . jdem, mayor tamano ^^^ de otras marcas; se aforarin con arreglo 4 6stas! Aforos. Derecho. Pesos. .80 2. 00 2.00 •SO .50 Pesos. . 20 .50 .50 .125 ,125 • 15 •0375 • 30 075 • 50 .125 I 00 •25 2 00 .80 20 .05 2' .0875 60 •15 I 00 .25 50 .125 I CO •25 2 50 .625 50 .125 2 00 -50 50 ••125 60 •15 50 .125 2 00 50 2 00 .50 25 .0625 50 .125 4. 00 1.00 10 CO 2.50 20 .05 80 . 20 60 •15 50 •125 2 00 .50 3 00 • 75 3 00 • 75 iO 00 2.50 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 303 PHABMACY IMPLEMENTS AUD SUBGICAL, PHTSICAl, OPHCAL, AND CHEMICAL INSTEUMENTS— Continued. Articles. Twine, for pharmacists pound . . Lint- English do. . . . Long, of all classes do. . . . Common, including container do. . . Instruments and implements, surgical, physical, optical, engineers', and chemical, not specified; ad valorem. Alcohol lamps each. . Nursery bottles — Glass, common do. . With rubber tube do. . Sulphur tapers pound Stockings — Elastic, knee caps, ankle caps, linen or cotton each Same, silk do. . Graduates — Glass, up to 100 grams do . . Same, up to 250 grams do. . Same, up to 500 grams do. . Same, up to 1,000 grams do. . Porcelain or china, duty same as glass. Mortars — Of porcelain or composition, up to No. 3 do Same, from Nos. 4 to 6 .do Same, from Nos. 7 to 12 do Same, larger size; duty in proportion. Glass pound. . Wafers, common, including container do Beads, sets up to 20 grams each. . Papers — Blue, for seidlitz powders pound . . Of all colors, for wrappings do. . . . For filtering, ream of 500 sheets ream . . Pessaries, in general dozen . . Breast pumps — • Glass each . . Same, with India-rubber bulbs do Pill tiles- Ordinary. do. . . . Fair and fine do Brushes — Or pencils, hair, small dozen . . Same, with handle, for throat do. . . . Chest-protectors, flannel each. . Pulverizers — Fenix .• do Richardson, upto No. 3 do Same, larger size do Galante, up to No. 5 do Same, larger size do Other; duty same rate. Dollars, .0875 304 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. IJIILES DE BOnCA, mSTEUMElTTOS DE dBTTjlA, rfSICA, 6FIICA Y QUiMICA— Oon- tinda. Artfculos. Aforos, Derecho. Saca-leches — de vidrio comunes uno . con bomba de goma uno . con tubo de goma uno Sobretapas de papel, inclusive envoltorios 6 cajas kilo. Sanguijuelas mil. Suspensores — hilo y aIgod6n docena. de seda docena. Sondas — 6 algalias de goma, para la uretra docena. 6 algalias de metal docena. Speculum — de vidrio 6 porcelana uno. de metal uno . Fergusson y semejantes uno. Tarritos — 6 pocillos, loza, porcelana 6 vidrio, sin tapa, hasta 250 gramos, ■ • ■ : ciento. idem idem, mayor capacidad ciento . idem idem, con tapa madera 6 metal, hasta 250 gramos . . ciento . idem idem, mayor tamaflo ciento. idem idem, con tapa porcelana, hasta 250 gramos ciento! idem idem, mayor tamaflo ciento. Tarros — porcelana decorados, hasta 2,000 gramos uno. idem blancos, hasta 2,000 gramos uno. fantasia ; se declara valor. Term6metros cUnicos en general uno Tela emplAstica, rollo, hasta 9 metros .roUo Tetas — ^^^^ca docena. degoma docena., Tubos — goma, para irrigadores uno idem, en general kilo vidrio, para ensayos quimicos ciento idem idem, homeopatla ^-i ' ' idem idem pulverizadores '.'.".■.■.'.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.V.'docena.' '. Ventosas con bomba de goma , m.„ FEEEETEBlA. Pesos. •15 I. 00 .40 I. 00 15-00 I. 20 3.00 2.00 10. 00 1.50 3.00 .50 2.00 5.00 4.00 6. 00 5. 00 15.00 r. 50 1. 20 1.50 1.00 1. 00 .50 .40 2.00 r.50 1. 00 2. 50 ■ 50 Pesos. .0375 .25 . 10 .25 3-75 • 30 1. 20 ■ 50 2. 50 •375 •75 .125 .50 1-25 I. 00 1.50 1-25 3-75 ■375 • 30 •375 •25 • 25 ■125 • 50 •375 • 25 .625 .125 Abrazaderas de fierro para ejes de carros 6 carruages kilo. en barras en planchas 6 planchuelas. . ,^|J°- ■ Aiiladeras— '^"o ■ • hasta regulares , con 6 sin cabo de marfil, finas.' .' ... '. ."!.'.'."[*.*.'." doce"^- ' .15 •07 3.00 12.50 .05 .015 .007 •75 3.125 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 305 PHAEMACY IMPLEMENTS AND SURGICAL, PHYSICAL, OPTICAL, AND CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTS— Continued. Articles. Breast pumps — Glass, common each . Same, with rubber bulb do . . . Same, with rubber tube do. . . Bottle covers, paper, including container pound. Leeches 1,000. Suspensories — Linen and cotton dozen . Silk do. . . Catheters or probes — India rubber, for the urethra do . . . Same, metallic do. . . Specula — Glass or porcelain each . Metallic do. . . Fergusson and others do. . . Jars — China, porcelain or glass, without cover, up to 250 grams capacity. . 100. Same, larger size do . . . Same, with wooden or metallic cover, up to 250 grams do. . . Same, larger size do . . . Same, with porcelain cover, up to 250 grams do . . . Same, larger size do. . . Porcelain, decorated, up to 2,000 grams each. Plain, white, up to 2,000 grams do. . . Fancy; ad valorem. Thermometers, medical, in general •. . .do. . . Cerecloth, in rolls of 9 meters or less roll . Nipples — Cow dozen , India-rubber do. . . Tubes— India-rubber, for injections each. In general pound. Glass, for chemical test 100, Same, homeopathy 1,000, Glass pulverizers dozen. Cupping glasses, with India rubber pump each , Dollars. .0362 •2413 .0965 •1094 3.6188 HARDWARE. Axle clips for wagons add carriages . . . .; pound. . Steel- In bars do In plates do Steels — Table, common and fair dozen. . Same, fine, with or without ivory handle do. . . . Bull. 67 20 3o6 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEEHETEEIA — Continda. Artfculos. Agujas — para coser colchones, fardos, bolsas y velas kilo. briijulas para buques centimetro de didmetro. Alambre — de fierro 6 acero para cerco, tel^grafo 6 vinas, hasta el ndmero 13 kilo. como el anterior, galvanizado no siendo color de cobra 6 bronce kilo . torcidos 6 con puas (galvanizado) para cercos kilo. de fierro 6 acero del ntimero 14 al 20 kilo. como el anterior, galvanizado kilo. de fierro 6 acero del numero 21 arriba kilo. como el anterior, galvanizado kilo. bronceados para eldsticos ndmero 8 al 10 kilo. bronceados para eMsticos ndmero 11 al 20 kilo. en carreteles para segadoras kilo. de cobre 6 bronce kilo. de cobre 6 bronce, forrado en algodon 6 guta-percha, para elec- tricidad kilo. forrado en seda, para idem kilo. Alcayatas de fierro kilo. Aldabillas — de fierro kilo. de fierro con resorte kilo. de bronce, nikeladas 6 n6 kilo. Alfileres de madera 6 de fierro, para colgar ropa ciento. Alicates de fierro 6 acero kilo . Amianto — en planchas kilo. en meollar 6 cabo kilo . . Almireces — de fierro kilo . de bronce \ .kilo de mdrmol, hasta 15 centimetres de di^metro uno. . de mdrmol, mis grandes ; se declara valor. Anclas 6 anclotes JjJJq Anzuelos kilo Aprietalimones ^ ..'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'. ".'.docena." ! Arados — de acero 6 de fierro pulido, de una reja, sin cuchillo circular ni reja de repuesto ^j^^ comunes de fierro, con i reja de repuesto uno Arcos, de madera, para palos de buques ' docena Arena — para edificios blanca de Fontainebleau ' . _ ' Armazones — de fierro, para sastres, con 6 sin barillas de bronce kilo para mdquinas de coser, aunque le faltare alguna pieza ; la mitad del aforo de las mdquinas en sus clases respectivas para sierras ' . Argollas- '1°':'="=^- de composici6n 6 bronce, plateadas 6 nikeladas. . kilo de bronce " ' "u'l Aforos. .1,000 kilos. .1,000 kilos. Pcsoi. .70 • 35 .05 .07 . 12 .08 . n • 14 . 20 .07 Derecho. .oS 14 .40 60 4 00 075 I 25 36 20 60 I 50 30 80 17 So 32 10 62 3 00 8 00 3 2 50 10 I 2 50 00 30 2 50 85 52 Pesos. ■ 175 .0875 Libre. Libre. Libre. . 02 .0275 ■ 035 •05 .028 .032 . 007 . 10 ■15 1.60 .01875 . 0625 .09 •30 • 15 ■375 .075 . 20 .0425 . 20 .08 • 25 •155 •75 Libre. Libre. • 525 • 375 Libre. • 075 • 625 • 2125 •13 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDW ARE— Continued. 307 Articles. Duty. Needles — For sewing mattresses, bales, pouches, and sails pound Manners' compasses centimeter in diameter Wire- Iron or steel, for fencing, telegraph, or vineyards, up to No. 13. .pound Same, galvanized, but not copper or bronze colored do. . Twisted or barbed, galvanized, for fencing do. . Iron or steel, from No. 14 to 20 do. . Same, galvanized .' do. . Iron or steel, from No. 21 upwards do. . Same, galvanized do. . Bronzed, for elastics, Nos. 8 to 10 do. . Same, Nos. ii to 20 do, . In reels, for harvesters do. . Copper or bronze do. . Same, insulated with cotton or gutta-percha, for electrical uses . . .do. . Same, insulated with silk, for electrical uses do. . Hook nails, iron do. . Door fastenings — Iron do. . Same, with spring do . . Bronzed, nickel-plated or not do. . Clothespins, wood or iron 100 Pincers, iron or steel pound Asbestos — In sheets do. . Spun or in rope do. . Mortars — Iron do. . Bronze do. . Marble, up to 15 centimeters diameter each Same, larger ; ad valorem. Anchors or kedges pound Fishhooks do.. Lemon-squeezers dozen Plows — Steel or polished iron, i share, without cutting disk or extra share . . each Common, iron, with i extra share do. . Hoops, wooden, for masts dozen Sand — Building 1,000 pounds White Fontainebleau do. . Frames — Figures of iron for tailors, with or without brass rods pound For sewing machines, complete or not ; one-half duty of machines. For saws dozen Rings — Composition or bronze, silver or nickel plated pound Bronze ^°-- Dollars, ■ 0077 . 0844 Free. Free. Free. .0088 . 0121 ■ 0153 . 0219 . 0123 . 014 .0031 .0438 .0657 ■ 7003 .dC)82 .0274 . 0394 . 0131 .1448 . 1641 .0328 .0875 .0186 .0S75 . 0772 .1094 .0678 .7238 Free. Free. .5066 . 1641 Free. .0328 . 6031 .093 .0569 3o8 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEEEETEEfA— Continda. Artfculos. Derecho. Argollas — Continued. de fierro, para lazos, cinchas 6 bozales kilo. de fierro, como las anteriores, gal vanizadas k: i 1 o . de fierro, para candados Icilo. de metal amarillo, para cortinas, 6 con tornillos, para cuadros, kilo. , Articulos de fierro batido 6 enlozado ; vfease Fierro. Azadores — de fierro, para campo kilo . . de m&quina curso reloj uno. . Azadas, de fierro 6 aceradas, sin cabo, para cavar 6 carpir . . .kilo. . Azucareros — de lata ; ver Hojalata. de peltre, sin platear kilo. . Azuelas, para carpinteros kilo . . Balanzas — de un plato, Uamadas de mostrador 6 decimales, de menos de 150 kil6gramos de resistencia una. . con columnas de fierro y platos de cobre y bronce una. . , con columnas de bronce y platos de cobre y bronce una. . de lata 6 lat6n, para verduleros docena. . de plataforma, desde 150 kilos de resistencia kilo. . de bolsillo, para pesar oro una. de fierro, Uamadas francesas Roverval, de 2 kilos de resistencia, como las anteriores, de 5 kilos idem, de 10 kilos , idem, de 15 kilos una idem, de 20 kilos idem, de 25 kilos idem, de 30 kilos [ idem, de 35 kilos. \ idem, de 40 kilos " ' " idem, de 50 kilos | _ con chapa de m4rmol ; se aumentar^ un 30 por ciento' sobre el valor de las partidas anteriores de Roverval. Baldes — de fierro galvanizado j^jl de cobre 6 bronce '!!.'.'! kilo Baldosas — del Havre 6 Marsella, para piso, ordinarios miliar .del Havre 6 Marsella, para techos "miliar para hornos de 30 centimetros, por 4 6 5 centimeVros"de grueso', ' enlozadas (azulejos), hasta 13 centimetros", "cotii'unes " " miliar" ' como las anteriores, mis grandes, comunes . miliar" " mosaicos, para patios 6 zaguanes, hasta 14 milim"etros de es"-" pesor 1 1 u ^ . , ••••• kilo brute mosaicos conio los anteriores, de mayor grueso . . .kilo bruto Band^eTs- "''"""" ^"° ''-^-^ de fierro charoladas, hasta regulares ; ver Hoialata de bronce para caf^es ' v-i Bancos para carpinteros ' '_ ' ° ' ' .una. .una. .una. .una. .una. .una. .una. .una. Pesos, ■ 13 .18 .26 •93 .075 3.00 • 15 .40 .50 3. 00 9.00 II. 50 8.00 .05 2. 00 1.50 2. 00 2. 50 3.00 3-50 4. 00 5- 00 6. 00 7. 00 8.00 .26 .80 21.00 13-50 105.00 21.00 28.00 .07 .05 . 025 .80 I I8.00 Pesos, .0325 .045 .0G5 .2325 . 01875 • 75 •0375 ■350 .125 ■ 75 2. 25 2.875 2. 00 .0125 .50 . ■375 ■ 50 .625 • 75 .875 1. 00 1.25 1.50 1-75 2. 00 .065 . 20 5^25 3-375 26. 25 5^25 7.00 -035 .025 .00625 . 20 4-50 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAEDWAEE— Continued. 3°9 Articles Duty. Rings — -Continued. Iron, for lassoes, girths, or muzzles pound . S^me, galvanized ._ do . . . Iron, for padlocks .' do. . . Yellow metal, for curtains, or with screws, for pictures do. . . Articles of hammered or porcelain-lined iron, granite, or agate ware ; see Iron. Roasting spits — Iron, for field use pound. Moved by clockwork each . Hoes, iron or steel edged, without handle pound . Sugar dishes — Tin ; see Tin. Pewter, not plated do. . . Adzes, carpenters' do . . . Scales — One plate, dial or decimal, less than 150 kilos capacitv each. With standards of iron, and copper or bronze plates do. . . With bronze standards and copper or bronze plates do . . . Tin or brass, for market dozen. Platform, upwards of 150 kilos capacity pound. Pocket, for weighing gold each. Iron, called French scales, Roverval model, capacity of 2 kilos . ,do. . . Same, capacity of 5 kilos do. . . Same, capacity of 10 kilos do . . . Same, capacity of 15 kilos do . . . Same, capacity of 20 kilos do . . . Same, capacity of 25 kilos do. . . Same, capacity of 30 kilos do. . . Same, capacity of 35 kilos do. . . Same, capacity of 40 kilos do . . . Same, capacity of 50 kilos do . . . Marble slab, will pay 30 per cent more than the preceding of Rovervai model. Buckets — Galvanized iron pound Copper or bronze do. . Slabs- Havre or Marseilles tile, for flooring, common 1,000 Same, for roofing do . . Furnace, 30 centimeters by 4 or 5 centimeters thick do. . Glazed tiles, up to 13 centimeters, common do. . Same, larger do. . Mosaic tiles, for courts and vestibules, up to 14 millimeters thick, gross weight pound Same, thicker, gross weight do. . For walks or stables, gross weight do. . Trays — Waiters, japanned iron, ordinary and fair ; see Tin. Bronze, for caf6s do. . . Benches, carpenters' each . Dollars. .0142 .0197 . 0284 .1018 .0082 .7238 .0164 .1532 .0547 .7238 2. J713 2. 7744 1.93 .0055 .4825 .3619 .4825 .6031 .7238 .8444 965 I. 2065 1-4475 1.6888 1.93 .0284 .0088 5. 0663 3- 2569 25-3313 5. 0663 6-755 • 0153 . 0109 . 0027 .0875 4- 3425 310 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEaEETEBfA— Continta. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho. Ban OS — de Uuvia, de lata 6 lat6n uno . . de fierro f undido (inmersi6n) . . uno . . como los anteriores, confitiles uno. . de fierro enlozados (inmersi6n), sin utiles uno. . como los anteriores, con dtiles uno. . Barrenas — de mano concabo kilo. . 6 brocas con rosea 6 espiral para taladros, incluso la caja de cart6n kilo. . 6 brocas surtidas de rosea 6 espiral para taladros, hasta finas, inclusive la caja de cart6n, kilo . largas de ojo, hasta finas kilo . . genovesas 6 espanolas, paracalafates docena. Barrenos para minas, hasta 075 centimetros de longitud kilo. Barriletes de fierro para carpinteros kilo. . Batidores de alambre para huevos docena. . Bicheros de hierro sin cabo docena. . Bigornias — para herreros kilo. . para plateros kilo . . con martillos para guadauas kilo. Bisagras — defierro, llamarfas francesas kilo. .' de fierro fundido 6 charoladas kilo. . de fierro con perillas de bronce kilo. . de fierro, nikeladas kilo. . de fierro 6 acero de resorte kilo. de bronce j^jIq de bronce, nikeladas kilo. . Bitdcoras; ver Agujas. Boca-Haves — de madera, lisas 6 talladas ciento . de suela 6 cart6n ciento ! . de zinc, cobre 6 bronce, nikeladas 6 n6 kilo ! ! Bombillas — de composici6n, incluso la caja de cart6n kilo. de lata; ver Hojalata. Bradores 6 lesnas con cabo JjjIq Bramiles ".'.".".■.■.■. '.'.".■.■.'.'.■."docena; '. Braseros — de fierro, 3 pi6s, comfin I^jjq de mano, metal araarillo kilo de laton 6 fierro con tapa, cualquier nftmero. .'.■.■.'.". .".'.docena" " de fierro fundido para planchadora kilo " Brocas para zapateros [ ' kilo Bronce en lingotes, barras 6 planchas ...'.....'...,..,.. kjin Bujes de fierro 1 I ' " — ■' kilo.. Buzones de bronce , ., de bronce, nikelados \[\ u-.i de fierro, pintados 6 bronceados '......'... kilo Buques en general, armados 6 desarmados; se decla'r'avaior." Pesos. 25. GO 20. 00 30. 00 30. 00 40. GO I. 15 Pesos. 6. 25 5.00 7-50 7.50 10. GO .2875 •25 2. 50 .625 .60 ■15 1.50 • 375 .60 Libre. .27 .0675 1.30 .325 4.50 ■125 ■15 • 0375 .62 • 155 ■30 ■ 075 .18 .045 10 .025 .24 .06 -35 .0875 1.30 .325 .80 . 20 1. 00 • 25 I. 00 •25 •50 .125 I. 00 .25 2.50 . 625 .62 •155 3.00 .75 .06 .015 I. 00 • 25 4.00 I. 00 . 12 • 03 I. 40 .35 .42 .103 .06 .015 I. 00 ■25 1.40 •35 .60 •15 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, HAKDWABE— Continued. 311 Articles. Duty. Bath tubs — Shower, tin or brass each Cast-iron, without fixtures do. . Same, with fixtures do. . Iron, porcelain lined, without fixtures do. . Same, with fixtures do. . Drills- Gimlets, with handle pound Or bits, spiral, including pasteboard box do. . Or assorted bits, spiral, common to fine, including pasteboard box. do. . Or augers, with eye, common to fine do. . Or augers, Genoese or Spanish, for calkers dozen Mining drills, up to 75 centimeters long pound Bench hooks, iron, carpenters' do . . Egg-beaters, wire dozen Boat hooks, iron, without handle do. . Anvils — Blacksmiths' pound Silversmiths' do. . With hammers, for scythes do. . Hinges — Iron, called French do. . Cast iron or japanned do. . Iron, with bronze knobs do. . Iron, nickel plated do . . Iron or steel, spring do. . Bronze do. . Bronze, nickel plated do . . Binnacles ; see Compasses. Keyhole guards — Wooden, plain or carved 100 Sole leather or cardboard do. . Zinc, copper, or bronze, nickel-plated or not pound Hand lanterns — Composition metal, including pasteboard box do . . Tin; see Tin. ■Awls, with handle do. . Chalk lines dozen Braziers — Iron, 3 feet, common pound Hand, yellow metal do. . Brass or iron, with cover, any size .' dozen Cast-iron, for clothes-ironers pound Bradawls, shoemakers'. . . /. do. . Bronze, in ingots, bars, or sheets do . . Axle-boxes, iron do. . Letter-boxes — Bronze do. . Bronze, nickel-plated do. . Iron, painted or bronzed do. . Vessels (ships) in general, put together or in parts; ad valorem. Dollars, 6.0313 4.825 7- 2375 ■2375 .65 .1258 .1094 .2736 .0657 .3619 Free. .0295 ■ 3136 . 1206 . 0164 .0678 . 0328 .0197 . 0109 . 0263 .0383 . 1422 .0875 .1094 .2413 . 1206 .1094 .2736 .0678 .7238 0066 ■ 1094 .965 .0131 .1532 .0459 . 0066 .1094 .1532 .0657 312 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEEEETEEfA— Continfia. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho. Cabo— (cabulleria) alquitranado kilo. de Nueva Zelandia, Sisal 6 Manila kilo. de c4namo bianco kilo. de esparto 6 de piazaba 6 Cairo kilo. de alambre galvanizado kilo. Cabos — de composici6n, para rebenques kilo. de madera para hachas, picos, azadas 6 azuelas docena. de madera para cepillos de piso docena. de madera, franceses 6 italianos, paraguadafias docena. de madera, ingleses 6 norte-americanos, para guadafias, docena. de madera para leznas, limas (i otros instrumentos de artesanos, ciento. de madera, para martillos ciento . Cacerolas — ■ de lat6n; ver Hojalati. de fierro fundido kilo. de fierro, fundido, enlozado kilo. 6 tachos de cobre, inclusive el mango de fierro kilo. Cadenas^ de fierro para atar perros kilo. como las anteriores, galvanizadas kilo. de fierro, para buques, balleneras, pozos, cuartas, para tiro de carro, montura, retranca, y las de atar caballos kilo. como las anteriores, galvanizadas kilo . de alambre de fierro, para balanzas 6.persianas, galvanizadas 6 , "6 kijo de alambre de bronce j^jIq Cajas — de fierro JjJJq para tipos de imprenta paj. Cajones — ■ ■ ■ -ii de madera, armados 6 desarmados, para 12 botellas uno de madera, desarmados, para fideos '// uno ' Cal — hidr4ulica en polvo 100 kilos apagada, suelta 100 kilos Calderitas de lata, para campo jjjj,-, Calentadores — de ca|6n, para pi6 docena. de cobre 6 bronce, para agua docena 6 cocinitas 6 estufas, para kerosene ' kilo Camas, para ruedas de carruages .".'.'.'.'.'.'.'..' cada una Campanas de bronce i,-i Campanulas — de mesa, no siendo de oro 6 plata docena de bronce conresorte, para pared, inclusive los' badaios para aguadores, chicas para coUares, de caballos, cascabeles cencerros y las de lat6n bronceadas . . i.:i„ ' Candados— '^"°- de fierro, inclusive los con cerrojo ^jJq de bronce 6 nikelados , ■, kilo.. Pesos. •23 . 20 .18 • 13 . 21 2.00 1.50 •52 2.40 6.00 3.00 6.00 19 . 21 .80 . 20 30 . II .16 •30 80 . 22 1.50 .26 16 I. 00 I. 20 .42 4.00 16. 00 ■45 .85 I. 10 4. 00 .60 ■ 41 1.60 I Pesos. • 0575 .05 .045 .032s .052s .50 • 375 • 13 .60 1.50 ■ 75 1.50 ■0475 • 0525 . 20 .05 • 075 ■ 027s 04 • 075 . 20 . 132 .075 .06s .04 • 25 • 30 . 1050 I. 00 4.00 . II2S .2I2S ■275 I. 00 •15 1025 .40 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDWAEE— Continued. 313 Articles. Cables — Tarred pound . . New Zealand, sisal, or manilla do. . . . White hemp do. . . . Grass or piassava or Cairo do. . . . Galvanized wire do. . . . Handles — For cat-o'-nine tails do. . . . Wooden,' for axes, picks, hoes, or adzes dozen . . Same, for floor brushes do. . . . Same, French or Italian, for scythes do. . . . Same, English or North American, for scythes do. . . . Same, for awls, files, or other workmen's tools 100 ., . Same, for hammers do. . . . Kettles — Or pans, brass; see Tin. Same, cast-iron pound . . Same, cast-iron, granite ware do. . . . Same, or pots of copper, including iron handle do. . . . Chains — Iron, dogs' do. . . . Same, galvanized do. . . . Iron, for ships, whale boats, wells, traces, saddles, brakes, or for hitching horses pound . . Same, galvanized do. . . . Iron wire, for scales or blinds, galvanized or not. do. . . . Bronze wire do. . . . Cases — Or safes, iron do. . . . Printers' pair.. Boxes — Wooden, put together or in pieces, for 12 bottles each. . In pieces, for vermicelli do. . . , Lime — Hydraulic, powdered 100 pounds. . Slacked, loose do Tin pans, for field use pound.. Heaters — Foot-warmers dozen. . Copper or bronze, for water do. . . Or cook stoves, kerosene pound . . Linchpins each. Bells, bronze pound . , Bells, small — Table, not gold or silver dozen . Bronze, with spring, for the wall, including clappers, for water-carriers, small for collars, horse, hawk, cattle, and sheep, and those of brass bronzed •' P°""'i " Padlocks — Iron, including those with bolt h '" Bronze or nickel-plated do. . . Dollars. .0252 . 0219. .0197 . 0142 . 0229 3M ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEREETEEti — Continda. Artfculos. Candeleros — 6 palmatorias de bronce ,!, " ' 6 palmatorias de bronce, con asiento de plomo 6 zinc liilo. . Canillas — de madera, con 6 sin boquilla 6 Have de peltre docena . . 6 uniones de bronce; ver Llaves. Canos — 6 tubos de plomo, zinc 6 composici6n, con 6 sin antimonio, kilo. . 6 tubos de cobre 6 bronce kilo . . de fierro, enchapados en bronce kilo. . 6 codos de fierro dulce 6 batido kilo. . 6 uniones de fierro f undido, hasta 75 milimetros de didmetro interior kilo . . uniones y codos de fierro fundido, de mayor diametro interior, .• kilo. . 6 codos de fierro galvanizado kilo . . de goma, con 6 sin tela, sin alambre kilo . . de goma, con alambre kilo.. 6 mangas de lona kilo . . 6 codos de barro hasta 20 centlmetros de didmetro uno. . 6 codos de barro, de mayor diametro uno. . Cipsulas de botellas kilo . . Capuchinas de fierro, para postigos kilo. . Carb6n — de piedra comtin 6 de luz 1,000 kilos. . de piedra, sud-americano 1,000 kilos. . Carboneras — de fierro, ordinarias una.. de fierro, regulares 6 finas una. . de cobre 6 bronce una . Carretillas — de mano, con caj6n de madera una. , de mano, con caj6n de fierro una. , Cascos de madera 6 fierro desarmados; se declara valor. Cencerros y cascabeles; ver CampaniUas. Cepillos — de fierro, para tubos de miquinas docena. para calzado docena. . de paja, para caballos docena. de cerda 6 mezcla, para caballos, cualquier clase docena. de cerda 6 mezcla, sin cabo, para pisos docena. de cerda 6 mezcla, con cabo, para pisos docena. de paja, sin cabo, para pisos docena de paja, con cabo, para pisos docena. para empapeladores docena. para carpinteros (guillames 6 vites machimbrados 6 molduras), sin manija docena.' galopas 6 galopines docena. molduras grandes con manija; se declara valor. rebajadores chicos 6 grandes docena. acanaladores uno Cepos de fierro, para anclas kilo. Aforos. Pesos. .80 .40 1.25 Derecho. Pesos. . 20 . 10 •3125 • 15 ■ 0375 .60 • 15 • 24 '^ .06 .095 • 02375 .06 .015 .06 Libre. • 15 • 0375 I. 00 ■ 25 .80 . 20 .80 . 20 . 20 .05 • 35 .0875 70 • 175 .30 •075 10. 00 Libre. 6.00 Libre. ■ 75 .1875 3. 00 ■ 75 9.00 2. 25 2.50 .625 6.00 1-50 2. 20 • 55 I. 10 ■ 275 1.30 • 325 2.50 .625 3.60 .90 4. 60 I. 15 2. 70 .675 3- 40 .85 3-00 • 75 5.00 1.25 10. 00 2.50 15. 00 3^75 2. 00 ■ 50 . 10 .025 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDWAKE— Continued. 315 Articles. Duty. Candlesticks — Dollars. Bronze pound. . .0875 Same, with lead or zinc stand do 0438 Faucets — Wooden, with or without pewter spout or key dozen. . . 3016 Or connections, bronze; see Keys. Pipes — Lead, zinc, or composition, with or without antimony pound. . . 0164 Copper or bronze do 0657 Iron, plated with bronze do 0263 Elbows, of soft or wrought iron do 0104 Joints, cast iron, up to 75 millimeters interior diameter. . , . . . .do 0066 Joints and elbows, cast iron, larger interior diameter do Free. Elbows, galvanized iron .*. .do 0164 Rubber, with or without cloth and without wire do. . . . 1094 Same, with wire do 0875 Or hose, canvas do 0875 Elbows, clay, up to 20 centimeters diameter each. . . 0483 Same, larger diameter do 0844 Caps for bottles ■_ .pound. . . 0766 Corner-irons for gates ' do 0328 Coal- Common 1,000 pounds.. Free. South American do Free. Coal hods — Iron, ordinary i each.. .0181 Same, fair or fine do 7238 Copper or bronze do 2. 1713 Wheelbarrows — Wooden body do 6031 Iron body • do 1.4475 Cooperage, wood or iron; ad valorem. Cattle, sheep, and hawk bells; see Bells. Brushes — Iron, for machine flues dozen. . 5307 Shoe do 2654 Straw, for horses do 3136 Bristles or mixed, any kind, for horses do 6031 Floor, bristles or mixed, without handle do 8685 Same, with handle do.... i. 1098 Floor, straw, without handle do 6514 Same, with handle do 8203 Paper-hangers' do 7238 Planes, carpenters', without handle do ... i. 2063 Same, fore or jack do. . . . 2. 4125 Same, molding, large, with handle ; ad valorem. Same routing, small or large do 3.6188 Same, grooving each. . . . 4825 Stocks, anchor, iron PO""^ . . I . 0109 3i6 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEEEETEEIA — Continda. Articulos. .kilo, .kilo, .kilo, .kilo. Cerda — para zapateros para pinceles mezcla, para pinceles vejetal, suelta 6 torcida Cerraduras — de fierro para puertas, de bomba, combinaci6ti 6 de embutir, finas; se declara valor. para puerta, de fierro de I 6 m4s Haves, con 6 sin picaporte, 6 de embutir, hasta regulares kilo. como las anteriores, con frente nikelado _ .kilo. , de fierro para caja, caj6n, baul, armario 6 de embutir, con 6 sin chapa de bronce kiio . . de chapa de bronce para baules 6 balijas, muy ordinaria. .kilo. de bronce para caja, cajdn, baul, armario 6 de combinaci6n 6 con campanula kilo . . Chafalonia — de cobre 6 bronce, incluso la chapa de composici6n de forro de buque, usada kilo. . de fierro kilo. . Chairas — de fierro 6 acero docena. . de esmeril docena . , Chapas de vidrio 6 porcelana para puertas; se declara valor. Chavetas de fierro; se declara valor. Chimeneas de fierro, ordinarias ^jna . . de otras clases 6 calidades; se declara valor. Chocolateras de cobre kilo. . Ciglienas de fierro para piedras de vuelta kilo. . Cilindros — paraplateros uno. . parajoyeros uno. . Cinceles 6 punzones kilo. . Clavos — de cobre, bronce 6 composici6n k il o . . de zinc .kilo.. de fierro fundido 6 batido kilo. . de fierro galvanizado kilo. . de fierro para herraduras kilo . . de fierro con cabeza de bronce, y los llamados romanos. .kilo. . de otras clases; ver Puntas, brocas 6 estoperoles. Cobre en barras, lingotes 6 planchas kilo. . Cocinas — econ6micas 6 estufasde fierro fundido para quemarcarb6n .kilo. . econ6micas para kerosene; vfease Caleutadores. Coke carb6n looo kilos. . Coleros para preparar cola j^jjq Combos — 6 mandarrios de acero 6 con calce hasta 2 kilos kilo. 6 mandarrios de acero mayores de 2 kilos kilo ! ! Compases de fierro para carpintero y los con Have 6 tornillo 6 con cabfsza de bronce I^jjq Copas braceros de bronce !kilo Correas de cinamo 6 pita para poleas kilo. Aforos. Pesos. 8. CO 3. CO .62 .08 .50 .65 • 70 1. 00 . 20 .015 2.00 1.00 4.00 Derecho. Pesos. 2.00 • 75 .155 .02 .125 . 1625 • 175 ■25 ■ 50 .05 .00375 . 50 .80 . 20 12 .03 82.00 4. ro 41.00 2. 05 •30 .075 .50 .125 . 20 .05 .09 .0225 •13 •32 .0325 .08 .40 . 10 ■42 '. 1050 . 12 .03 17.00 Libre. •15 •0375 .23 .23 -0575 Libre. .70 .80 • 175 . 20 .50 .125 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAKDW ABE— Continued. 317 Articles. Bristles — Shoemakers'. pound. . For paint brushes do. . . . Mixed, for paint brushes do. . . . Vegetable, loose or twisted do. . . . Locks — door, iron, pneumatic closer, combination or mortise ; ad valorem. Door, iron, one or more keys, with or without catch or mortise, up to fair quality pound. . Same, nickel-faced do ... . Iron, for case, box, chest, trunk, wardrobe or mortise, with or without bronze plate pound . . Bronze plate, for trunks or valises, very ordinary do. . . Bronze, for safe, box, trunk, wardrobe, combination, or with bell. .do. . . . Refuse plate — Copper or bronze, including composition sheathingfor vessels. . . .do Same, iron do. . . Knife-sharpeners — Iron or steel dozen. . Emery do. . . . Plates, glass or porcelain, for doors ; ad valorem. Bolt pins ; ad valorem. Stovepipes, iron, ordinary each. . Other kinds and qualities ; ad valorem. Chocolate pots, copper pound . . Cranks, iron, for grindstones do. . . . Cylinders — For silversmiths each . . For jewelers do. Chisels or punches pound Nails- Copper, bronze, or composition do. . Zinc do.... Cast or wrought iron do.. Galvanized iron do ... . Iron, horseshoe do. . Iron, bronze head, and those called Roman do. . Other kinds ; see tacks, brads, etc. Copper in bars, ingots, or sheets do. . Cooking stoves — Cast iron, charcoal do. . . . Same, kerosene; see heaters. Coke 1,000 pounds . . Glue pots pound.. Mauls — , Steel or steel-faced, up to 2 kilos a° Same, heavier .do. Compasses, carpenters', iron, and those with key or screw wiin oion^e head P"""*^- Fire pans, bronze Pulley belts, hemp or pit . do... do... DoUaiK. ■8754 .3283 .0678 .0088 3i8 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEREETEEIA— Continda. Articulos. Corta — estaquillas docena. fierro kilo . Cubiertos — para mesa (tenedor y cuchillo) cabo de fierro, hueso clavados 6 los de madera tenida docena . . como los anteriores, para postre docena. . para mesa (tenedor y cuchillo) cabo de 6bano, pero, ciervo, biifalo, cuerno 6 imitaci6n marfil, ordinaries docena. . como los anteriores, para postre docena. . para mesa, finos, con esclusi6n de los de cabo de marfil y metal, docena . . como los anteriores, para postre docena. . Cucharas — para albafiil 6 para encalar kilo . . cucharones 6 cuchillos de plata alemana (composici6n) para sopa, caffe 6 postre, inclusive la caja de cart6n kilo. . cucharones de metal blanqueado, para sopa, caf6 6 postre, inclusive la caja de cartbn kilo. . y tenedores de peltre, toda clase, inclusive la caja de carton, kilo.. Cuchillas — de cortar pasto de 6o A. 75 centlmetros docena. . de las mismas de 76 4 100 centimetros docena. . con cabo de madera para zapateros docena. . de 2 cabos, para toneleros docena. . de I tajo, para picar carne docena. . de 2 6 3 tajos, para picar carne docena. . de saladero 6 para cocina 6 las de mondar papas, hasta finas, con esclusi6n del cabo centimetro de largo. . chicas, medianas, grandes, dobles 6 con filo de piedra, para curtidores docena . . 6 tenedores, para mesa 6 postre ; la mitad del valor de los cubier- tos en sus clases respectivas. de punta, cabo de madera, hueso 6 asta, clavados, inclusive los de embutido, con esclusi6n del cabo. .centimetro de largo. . Cuchillos — llamados puiialitos f ranceses, sin vaina, cabo de madera y hueso ordinaries centimetro de largo. . llamados, punalitos franceses, sin vaina, cabo de madera 6 hueso regulares centimetro de largo . . como los anteriores finos, cabo de ciervo, hueso, • ••• centimetro de largo. . como los anteriores, con viana; se aumentard el valor el ellas _para vidrieros. docena. . t Unas de fierro para ferrocarriles 6 tranvias; se declara valor Dedales, para reempujo ciento Desgranadoras — de malz, de madera, ordinaries de malz con rueda de engranaje, chicas de maiz grandes; se declara valor. Despavilad eras — de metal amarille, con 6 sin platillo kjio de fierro ,.■,' Aforos. Pesos. 5. 00 •15 Derecho, una. . una. . .70 50 I 50 I 20 2 50 I 80 90 2 30 I 00 80 12 40 2^ GO 62 3 GO 3 00 7 CO 008 10 50 003 007 015 03 I. 50 4- 20 4- 00 9- GO 80 30 Pesos. 1.25 ■ 0375 • 175 • 125 ■ 375 • 30 .625 • 45 .225 .575 .25 . 20 3. IG 6.25 ■155 •75 •75 1-75 .002 2. 65 .00075 .00175 ■ 00375 •0075 •375 1.05 1. 00 2. 25 . 20 •075 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAEDWARE— Continued. 319 Articles. Duty. Chisels — For wood dozen Cold pound Table cutlery — (Knife and lork) iron or bone handle, riveted, or those of stained wood dozen Same, dessert do. . (Knife and fork), handle of ebony, apple-tree, buck-horn, buffalo, horn or imitation ivory, ordinary quality dozen Same, dessert do . . Fine, except those with handle of ivory or metal do. . dessert .do.. Same Spoons — Trowels, masons' or plasterers' pound Ladles or knives, German silver, for soup, coffee, or dessert, including pasteboard box ., pound Ladles, white metal, for soup, coffee, or dessert, including pasteboard box pound And forks, pewter, all kinds, including pasteboard box do. . Folding knives — For cutting fodder, from 60 to 75 centimeters dozen Same, from 76 to lOO centimeters do.. Wooden handle, shoemakers' do. . Two-handled (drawing), coopers' do. . For mincing meat, one blade do. . Same, two or three blades do. . Meat-packers', or kitchen, or for paring potatoes, common to fine, handle excepted per centimeters length Small, medium, large, two-edged or with stone edge, for tanners, .dozen Or forks, table, one-half the value of regular article, in their respective classes. pointed, wood, bone, or buck-horn handle, riveted, including inlaid, ex- clusive of handle per centimeters' length. Knives — Called French daggers, without sheath, wood or bone handle, common quality per centimeters length Same, fair quality do. . Same, fine, bone or buck-horn handle do. . Same, with sheath; value of latter to be added. Glaziers' dozen Prake-blocks, for railways, steam, or horse ; ad valorem. 'j. himbles, for sewing ^°° Corn-shellers — Wooden, ordinary With cogwheel, small .... Same, larger; ad valorem. Candle-snuffers — Yellow metal, with or without plate pound Iron each do.. .do.. 320 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEBKETEBIa — Continda. Articulos. Destornilladores, para carpinteros kilo. . Desvasadores — para ovejas y caballos, ordinarios docena. . de tijera para ovejas kilo. Duelas, para cascos; se declara valor. Durmientes de fierro, para ferrocarriles y tranvias Eclisas, para ferrocarriles Ejes — para carruajes de patente 6 media patente uno. . para carros 6 jardineras kilo. . Escobas — de piasaba, sin cabo docena. . con cabo docena. . Escofinas; ver Limas. Escoplos 6 formones con 6 sin cabo kilo . . Escuadras — para carpinteros, ordinarias docena . . para carpinteros, finas; se declara valor. falsas docena. . Eslabones para sacar fuego, ordinarios kilo. . Espolines — 6 espuelas de composici6n, con 6 sin alza prima 6 los de bronce, plateados 6 nikelados kilo . . 6 espuelas de fierro 6 acero, pulido 6 estatiado kilo. . 6 espuelas de fierro 6 acero nikelado kilo . . 6 espuelas de bronce kilo . . Estaflo en barras 6 lingotes kilo. . Estaquillas de madera, para calzado, inclusive la barrica kilo. . Estiras, para curtidores docena. . Estopa de algod6n, y alquitranada kilo bruto. . Estoperoles (clavos) kilo . . Estribos — de fierro fundido, ordinarios kilo. . de fierro estaiiado kilo. . de fierro pulido 6 acero nikelado kilo. . de composici6n 6 de bronce plateados 6 nikelados kilo. . de bronce kilo. . de goma 6 de cauchut, endurecido docena de pares. . Estuches con leznas docena. . Facones — con vaina de suela, ordinarios docena . . de otras clases ; se declara valor. Fallevas — de fierro ordinarias, bronceadas 6 charoladas, cualquier tamano, inclusive las para port6n kilo. de fierro, con guarniciones nikeladas kilo. Fiambreras de tela de alambre docena. Fieltros — para techos 6 forrar buques kilo. para calderas kilo . Fierro — batido, estanado 6 trabajado, en cualquier forma, para uso do- mfestico kilo. g. oo .13 2. 70 3. 10 -63 3. 60 4. 60 ■ 35 2.30 .60 I. 00 1.50 -42 .08 3.00 .13 • 13 ■ 25 •30 I. 00 2.00 1. 20 8.50 1.80 6.00 . 12 • 30 25.00 . II . 21 •36 Derecho. Libre. Libre. 2. 25 .0325 .675 ■775 ■1575 .90 1. 15 .0875 575 15 25 375 021 02 75 045 0325 0625 075" 25 50 30 125 45 3.00 .03 .075 6. 25 .0275 ■ 0525 .09 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAEDWAEE— Continued. 321 Articles. Duty. Screw-drivers, carpenters' pound Clippers — For sheep and horses, common dozen Sheep shears pound Staves, for casks; ad valorem. Cross-ties, for railways, steam or horse Fish-plates, railways Axles — For carnages, patent each Cars and wagons pound Brooms — Piassava, without handle uozen , Same, with handle do . . , Rasps; see Files. Chisels or gouges, with or without handle pound , Squares — Carpenters', ordinary dozen, Same, fine; ad valorem. Bevel do . . . Steels, fire, ordinary pound, Spurs — Composition metal, with or without catch, or bronze, silver, or nickel plated pound , Iron or steel, polished or tinned do. . . Iron or steel, nickel-plated do. . . Bronze do . . . Tin, in bars or ingots do. . . Shoe pegs, barrel included do. . . Curriers' knives dozen. Tow-or oakum cotton, tarred, gross weight pound. Scupper-nails do. . . Stirrups — C!ast-iron, ordinary do. . . Tinned iron do. . . Polished iron or nickeled steel do. . . Composition or bronze, silver or nickel-plated do . . . Bronze do. . . Rubber or gutta-percha, hard dozen pairs . Cases with awls dozen. Sheath knives — With sole-leather sheath, ordinary do. . . Other kinds ; ad valorem. Sash bolts — ' Iron, ordinary, bronzed or japanned, any size, including gate bolts, pound. Iron, with nickeled trimmings do. . . Safe, for eatables, with wire-cloth doors dozen. Felt- Roofing and sheathing pound. For covering boilers do... Iron — Wrought, tinned or worked in any form, for domestic use do. . . Bull. 67 21 Dollars. •0733 ■2413 •I313 Free. Free. 2. 1713 .0142 .6514 .7479 .0689 .8685 1. 1098 • 0383 .2517 ■ 0657 .1094 . 1641 . 0092 .8842 .7238 .0197 . 0142 .0274 .0328 .1094 .2188 ■ 1313 2. 0506 .4343 2.895 .0131 .0328 6. 0312 .0121 . 0229 .0384 322 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. rEEEErEBIA. — Contintia. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho. Fierro — Contintia. batido, enlozado, trabajado, en cualquier forma, para uso do- mestico kilo. en barras, 4ngulo 6 planchuelas, planchas, flejes, para herradu- ras, 6 en varillas, para cerco, sin trabajar kilo. en lingotes, para fundici6n kilo. en planchas, enlosadas, para techos kilo . galvanizados, en planchas lisas 6 de canaletas 6 en caballetes, kilo. f undido, en postes 6 columnas. huecas kilo . en tirantes macizos kilo. en yugillos, para coches 6 jardineras, ordinarios par. en idem, para idem, con argollas plateadas par. en idem, para idem, plateado par. para toda clase de cepillos de carpinteros kilo . para bancos de carpinteros kilo. viejo ; se declara valor. FiUstica, de toda clase kilo. Fraguas, portdtiles una . Frenos — de fierro, para campo, ordinarios docena. como los anteriores, con copas, y los estaflados, con 6 sin copas, y los de 6 argollas docena. de fierro limado, para campo, ordinarios docena. de fierro limado y los de 5 espigas docena. de fierro, forma irabe 6 brasilera, estanados 6 n6 docena. de fierro, como los anteriores, con adornos de composici6n 6 bronce plateado docena. de fierro, pulido 6 nikelado, para silla 6 coche docena. . de composici6n 6 bronce plateado, para recado 6 silla. .docena. , de idem 6 idem, plateados, de forma drabe 6 brasilera. .docena. . para coches ; se declara valor. bocados, de fierro, para carros, ordinarios docena. . bocados, de fierro estanado, para carros, ordinarios. . .docena. . bocados, de fierro, para coches y sillas docena. . de fierro pulidos, nikelados, para coches y sillas docena Fuelles — para cocina, ordinarios docena para plateros, hasta 45 centimetres uno con suela, para herreros '.'.'..... !uno de fierro, para herreros !!!!.!! uno Ganchos — de fierro, para camas ].;](, de fierro, para motones 6 cuadernales, con 6 sin galVaniVmo, J ■; '. , kilo. . de fierro, triangulares, para carros kilo de fierro, para pitones, para puertas kilo' ' Garruchos — de madera docena de fierro, galvanizado 6 n6 kilo Gatos, de madera 6 fierro, no siendo hldr4ulicos". uno ' Goma eldstica, en planchas, con 6 sin tela kilo Grampas, de fierro, en general .".'!!.!! kilo Grilletes, de fierro, para anclas y cadenas kilo Guadafias, sin cabos, de todas clases kilo Pesos. • 43 .04 . 02 . 20 .085 .06 .04 • 55 I. 20 3- 00 •50 .40 . 12 14. 00 •85 Pesos. .1075 . 004 . 002 •05 . 02125 .015 . 004 •33 .72 1.80 .125 . 10 • 03 3^50 . 2125 I. 40 •350 2. 60 . 650 4.00 Libre. 3. 00 • 75 5.00 1.25 8.00 4.80 10.00 2.50 16. 00 4.00 •55 •1375 .85 .2125 3.20 1. 92 5. 00 3^oo 2. 00 • 50 6.00 1.50 16. 00 4. 00 25.00 6. 25 .09 . 0225 .16 .04 • 13 .0325 •25 .0625 • 31 .0875 •13 .0325 6. 00 1.50 I. 00 •25 12 • 30 . II .0275 •52 •13 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDWASE— Continued. 323 Articles. Iron — Continued. Same, porcelain-lined (agate or granite) in any form, for domestic use. Dollars. pound. . .0471 In bars, angles, or sheet, plates, hoops, for horseshoes and rods for fenc- ing, unmanufactured pound. Pig. for foundries do . . . In sheets, silicated, for roofing do. . . Galvanized, in sheets, plain or corrugated, or in ridge beams do. . . Cast, in posts or columns, hollow do. .. In solid beams do . . . Thimbles (yuguillos), for coaches or wagons, ordinary pair. Same, with silver-plated rings do. .. Same, silver-plated do. . . For all kinds of carpenters' planes pound. For carpenters' benches do... Old; ad valorem. Yarn, all kinds do... Forges, portable each. Bridles — Iron, for field use, ordinary .dozen. Same, with boss or tinned, with or without boss, and those of 6 rings, •. dozen. Filed iron, ordinary, for field use do. . . Same, with 5 spikes do. . . Iron, Arab or Brazilian shape, tinned or not do. . . Same, with ornaments of composition metal or plated bronze do. . . Iron, polished or nickel-plated, for saddle or coach do. .. Composition or silver-plated bronze, safety or saddle do. . . Same, Arab or Brazilian shape do. . . For coach ; ad valorem. Bits, iron, for common wagons do. . . Same, tinned j°' '" Same, iron, coach, or saddle. do. . . Iron, polished or nickel-plated, coach or saddle do. .. Bellows — Kitchen, ordinary i' For silversmiths, up to 45 centimeters each . Sole-leather sides, for blacksmiths do. . . Iron, for blacksmiths do. . . Hooks — , Iron, for bedsteads pound. Iron, for pulley blocks, galvanized or not do. .. do... do... Iron, triangular, for wagons Iron, for doors Sheaves — , (Pulley) wooden dozen Iron, galvanized or not pound Jacks, lifting, wood or iron, not hydraulic each India-rubber, in sheets, with or without cloth pound Staples, iron, in general do. . Shackles, iron, for anchors and chains do- • Scythes, without handles, all kinds do. . 3H ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FKBSETEBfA — Continda. Artlculos. Guarda-fuegos — de fierro para chimeneas ordinarias uno. de otras clases; se declara valor. Guarda-cabos — de fierro, con 6 sin galvanismo Icilo . de cobra 6 bronce Icilo . Gubias, con 6 sin cabo, para carpinteros Icilo. Haclias 6 hachitas de toda clase, con 6 sin cabo. kilo. Hachuelas, con 6 sin cabo, para albaniles; ver Picos. Hebillas — . de fierro, estaiiadas 6 barnizadas y derads piezas para confecci6n de guarniciones de carros y carruages con excepci6n de yu- guillos Icilo . . de bronce 6 bronce y fierro plateado y dem^s piezas para con- feccidn de guarniciones, con excepci6n de yuguillos. . .kilo. , Herraduras para cabalgaduras kilo. Hilaza de c^ilamo kilo bruto . Hilo— de algod6n, para coser velas 6 bolsas kilo. , de cdilamo, para coser velas 6 bolsas kilo . . de acarreto en ovillo 6 madejones hasta fino kilo. , grueso para atar resortes kilo. , llamado de atar lana kilo . , especial, para segadoras kilo. , Hoces docena. , Hojalata — en Idtninas sin trabajar kilo. , en liminas pintadas kilo. , cortadas, para envases kilo . , trabajada en cualquier forma, inclusive la pintada, para uso domfestico kilo. , Hojas — para cuchillas de curtidor docena. , para punales 6 facones centimetro . Hornallas de fierro, para fogones, de cualquier medida kilo. , Horquillas de fierro, cualquier clase, con cabo kilo. , Inodoros; se declara valor. Juegos — de 3 piezas, para chimeneas ordinarias 6 de fierro brufiido, juego. . de 3 piezas de bronce, para chimeneas ordinarias juego. de otras clases; se declara valor. Ladrillos — de fuego, infusibles6 refractarios miliar. huecos miliar! para limpiar cubiertos docena. Lamparitas — de cobre 6 bronce para soldar docena . de fierro y las de fierro y bronce y cobre docena. Lanzas en bruto para carruages una . Lipices, para carpinteros .kilo. Leznas — sin cabo kilo. con cabo 6 bradores kilo . Limas 6 escofinas 6 raspas de todo tamaflo kilo. Aforos. Pesot. 2.50 Pesos. .625 .16 .60 .04 ■15 ■63 .36 •1575 .09 30 Derecho. 18 I 80 1.08 10 .025 35 .0875 60 • 15 50 • 125 38 .095 2b .065 18 .045 40 .02 2 50 . 625 08 . 004 12 .03 10 .005 42 • 1050 2 10 • 525 008 .0048 08 . 02 27 .0675 I 20 .30 2 00 .50 30 00 Libre. 13 00 3.25 40 .10 ID 00 2.50 7 00 1-75 80 . 20 60 •15 5 .00 '■25 .bo ■15 .50 .125 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDWABE— Continued. 325 Articles. Duty. Spark-arresters — Dollars. Iron, for ordinary chimneys each . . . 6031 Other kinds; ad valorem. Thimbles, for ropes — Galvaniised or not pound. . .0175 Copper or bronze do 0657 Gouges, carpenters', with or without handle do 0689 Axes or hatchets, all kinds, with or without handle do 0394 Masons' axes; see Picks. Buckles — Iron, tinned or varnished, and other pieces for harness, wagon, or car- riage, except thimbles (yuguillos) pound. . .0788 Bronze, or bronze and plated iron, and other pieces, for harness, except thimbles (yuguillos) pound . . . 4727 Horseshoes do 0109 Hemp yarn, gross weight do 0383 Thread- Cotton, for sewing sails or pouches do 0657 Hemp, for sewing sails or pouches do 0547 Pack, in balls or skeins, common to fine do 0416 Same, coarse, for tying springs do 0284 Wool twine do 0197 Special, for harvesters do 0088 Sickles dozen . . . 6031 Tin- In sheets, plain pound. . .0018 Same, painted do 0131 Cut out, for packing do 0022 Manufactured, in any form, including painted, for household use. .do 0459 Blades — For curriers' knives dozen. . . 5066 For daggers or sheath knives centimeter. . .0048 Furnaces, for ships' galleys, any size pound . . . 0088 Forks, iron, any kind, with handle do 0295 Dry closet, inodorous; ad valorem. Sets- Three pieces, stovepipes, ordinary, or of polished iron set . . . 2895 Three pieces, stovepipes, bronzed, ordinary do . . . 4825 Other kinds; ad valorem. Bricks — Fire ' 1,000. . Free. Hollow do 3. 136 For cleaning knives dozen. . . 0965 Lamps — Solderers', copper or bronze do. . . . 2.4125 Iron, or iron and bronze and copper do. . . . i. 6888 Poles, for carriages, in the rough each. . . 193 Pencils, carpenters' pound. . .0657 Awls — Without handle do 5471 With handle, or bradawls do 0657 Files or rasps, all sizes do 0547 326 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FERBETEEiA.— Continda. Articulos. Linternas — con vidrio de aumento docena. 6 faroles de buques; se declara valor. Locomotoras ■Llamadores — de fierro, para puertas kilo. de bronce, para puertas kilo. de bronce nikelado, para puertas kilo . Llaves — de fierro especiales, paracoches kilo. de fierro, llamadas inglesas, de todos tamafios, clases 6 calida- des kilo. de estaiio 6 peltre. para cascos kilo . de bronce, para aguadores, toneles, etc kilo. de fierro sin concluir, para cerraduras kilo. Machetes — para cortar cardos 6 yugos, ordinarios docena . para cortar cardos y cafia de azficar, hasta finos docena. cortos, para cocina docena. Maderas — de 25 milimetros de espesor, de cedro, paroba, canela, costa- dinho en tablas 6 tablones metro cuadrado. de cedro, paroba 6 canela en vigas metro cuadrado. de lapacho, quebracho, urunday d otras semejantes, en vigas, metro cuadrado . de pino bianco 6 spruce, sin labrar metro cuadrado. de idem 6 idem, labrado metro cuadrado. de pino de tea 6 ilamo bianco metro cuadrado. de idem 6 idem, labrado metro cuadrado . de nogal metro cuadrado . de pople, roble, fresno, haya, guindo 6 maple, .metro cuadrado. de caoba metro cuadrado. de pino 6 spruce, sin labrar, de menos de 20 milimetros, metro cuadrado. en chapas; con el espesor que traigan. de caoba, nogal 6 roble metro cuadrado. de jacaranda 6 erable metro cuadrado. de rosa metro cuadrado. de nandubay 6 algarrobo, en postes, sin labrar uno. de idem, en medics postes, sin labrar uno. de nandubay, en estacones uno. Manseras, para arados par! Maneas de fierro, con 6 sin llaves, forradas 6 n6 docena . Manijas — de bronce, nikeladas 6 n6, para picaportes 6 cerraduras. .kilo. de fierro, negras, ordinarias, para baules 6 cajones kilo] de fierro, limadas 6 pulidas, para baules 6 cajones kilo. de fierro bronceadas 6 doradas, para puertas kilo. de bronce, con 6 sin buz6n, para puertas l^ilo de bronce, nikeladas, coh 6 sin buz6n, para puertas kilo! para cajones ffinebres, de bronce 6 peltre plateado 6 nikelado, incluso la caja de cart6n kilo.' para muebles; ver Tiradores. 90 Aforos. Derecho. Pesos. Pesos. 3- 50 .875 Libre. .13 .045 i. 00 •25 1.40 .035 • 31 •0775 • 55 • 1375 .80 . 20 1. 00 ■25 .70 •175 I. 20 • 30 5.00 1.25 4, 20 1.05 •50 .125 .40 . 10 . 20 .05 •41 .0615 .50 .125 •45 . 1125 •58 .145 I. 00 •25 .80 . 20 1.70 .425 50 • 075 13 •0335 30 • 075 70 • 175 •45 . 1125 ■ 30 • 075 ■13 .0325 .62 Libre. ,.00 1-75 .60 15 .16 .04 • 30 .075 .40 . 10 I. 00 •25 1.40 35 22$ ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HARDWAEE— Continued. 327 Articles. Duty. Lanterns — With magnifying glass dozen. . Siiip's; ad valorem. Locomotives Knockers — Door, iron pound. . Same, bronze do. . . . Same, bronze nickel-plated do ... . Keys- Wrenches, iron, special, for carriages do. . . . Same, iron, monkey, all sizes, kinds and qualities do. . . . Faucets, tin or pewter, for casks do. . , Same, bronze, for water-carriers, pipes, etc do. . , Blanks, for locks do. .. Cane knives — Machetes, ordinary. dozen For sugar cane, common to fine do. . Short, for kitchen do . . , Lumber — Cedar, paroba, laurel, siding, in boards or planks 25 millimeters thick, square yard Cedar, paroba, or laurel, in beams do. . Lapacho, quebracho, urunday, and others similar, in beams do. . White pine or spruce, rough do. . Same, dressed do. . Pitch pine or white poplar do. Same, dressed do. Walnut do. Poplar, oak, ash, beech, cherry, or maple do. Mahogany do. Pine or spruce, rough, less than 20 millimeters thick do. Veneering ; according to thickness. Same, of mahogany, walnut, or oak do. . . Same, jacaranda or maple do. . . Same, rosewood do . . . Nandubay or locust, in posts, rough each . Same, small, rough do. . . Same, in stakes or piles do. . . Handles, plow pair. Fetters, iron, with or without key, lined or not dozen . Knobs — Bronze, nickel-plated or not, for uoor latches and locks pound. Iron, black, common, for trunks and drawers do. . . Same, filed or polished, for trunks and drawers do. . . Same, bronzed or gilt, for doors do. . . Bronze, with or without letter slip, for doors do. . . Same, nickel plated, with or without letter slip, for doors do. . . Handles — Bronze or pewter, silver or nickel plated, for coffins, including paste- board boxes pound. For furniture ; see Drawer pulls. Dollars, .8444 Free. .0197 .1094 • 0153 .0339 .0602 .0875 .1094 .0766 .2895 I. 2063 1. 0133 .1013 .0811 . 0406 .0507 . 1013 .0912 .1175 . 2028 . 1622 • 3445 .0608 .0272 .0608 .1419 .1086 .0724 .0314 Free. 1.6888 .0657 .0175 . 0328 .0438 .1094 • 1532 .09S5 328 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEEEETEldA— Contintia. Artfculos. Miquinas — para imprenta 6 litografia; se declara valor, para estirar alambre, toda clase kilo de doblar, para hojalatero una. con motor para buques, mdquinas y materiales para instalaci6n de alumbrado pdblico de electricidad y A gas, miquinas para preparaci6n de carries conservadas por el sistema frigorlfico curtidores, especiales kilo. . de molino una. . inglesas. paravereda metro cuadrado. . genovesas, para vereda metro cuadrado. . del Estado Oriental 6 Tenerife, paravereda . .metro cuadrado. . alemanas, para vereda metro cuadrado. . para cord6n de veredas y para trotadoras. . metro lineal. . caliza de Queguay i.ooo kilos. . caliza de toda otra procedencia i.ooo kilos. . adoquines, para empedrar, tamaiio comfin i.ooo kilos. . para empedrado i.ooo kilos para litografias, pulidas 6 n6 kilo . . Pinceles — de cerda 6 mezcla, para blanquear docena. . con virola de cobre, de 1 al 12 docena de virola de cobre, del 13 al 24 docena para vetear docena. . de otras clases ; se declara valor. Pinzas — 6 tenazas, de fierro, para zapateros kilo. . grandes, de madera, para zapateros -. . . docena Piola— 6 piolin de algod6n kilo . . 6 piolin de toda otra calidad, hasta ID millmetros de circun- ferencia kilo. 6 piolin, II hasta 21 milimetros de circunferencia kilo. . de 22 milimetros de circunferencia arriba kilo . . alquitranada, meoUar 6 merlin kilo! .' Pipas — vaclas una vaclas en medias tercerolas 6 cuartas; en proporci6n. abatidas „__ Pita— yute 6 cAnamo en rama kilo trenzada, para plantillas \ ikUo Pitones de fierro, cualquier forma kilo P'™«e« '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.•kao.'. Aforos. Pizarras — para techos, de 2 4 3 milimetros de grueso. . .metro cuadrado para billares, trabajadas 6 n6 metro cuadrado Planchas — de fierro, para uso domfestico 6 para sastre kilo de fierro, huecas, para uso dom^stico 6 para sasVres!!!' kilo de fierro americano, para uso domfestico 6 para sastres. .iiie^o de cobre 6 bronce, . . .kilo.. Derecho. Pesos. Pesos. I. 00 .25 •03 . 00075 . 10 . 025 30 •075 . 12 •03 .05 .0125 40. 00 2.00 3. 10 ■775 2. 00 • 50 I. 40 •35 1.50 •375 1-45 ■435 1.50 •375 4.50 1. 125 5.00 1.50 2. 50 .625 10 .025 2.80 70 2. 50 .625 6. 20 1^55 12. 40 3^ 10 .60 • 15 3.60 .90 .60 •15 • 4 . 100 30 .075 .18 .045 ■ 32 .08 2.00 Libre. 1.40 Libre. .06 .015 . II .0275 ■25 .0625 ■ 25 .0625 .40 .10 3.50 .875 07 .0175 . 20 .05 I. 00 • 25 .80 . 20 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HABDWAKE— Continued. 335 Articles. Duty. Stones — Grind, round, with frame, from lo to 20 centimeters. . each . Whet, round or oblong, without frame , Same, for scythes Emery Oil, for razors and edge tools For shoemakers or curriers Mill ; For walks, English Same, Genoese Same, Uruguay or TenevifFe Same, German Curb Lime, of Queguay Same, from other places Paving blocks, common size, gutter Paving Lithograph, polished or not Brushes — Bristle or mixed, whitewasliing Copper ferrule, i to 12 Same, 13 to 24 Graining Other kinds; ad valorem. Pincers — Iron, shoemakers' Clamps, wooden, shoemakers' Marline — Cotton. . . ; Any other kind, up to 10 millimeters circumference . pound. do... do... do... do... each . .square )'ard. do... do... do... yard. . 1,000 pounds. do... do... do... pound. .dozen. ..do... ..do... .do, .. .pound, .dozen. .pound. ..do... II to 21 millimeters circumference 22 millimeters or more circumference Tarred (spun yarn) Pipes — For wine or spirits, large size, empty Same, half, third, or quarter tierces, in proportion. Shool£S, cooperage Pita straw — Jute or hemp, undressed Plated for soles Nozzles, iron, any shape .do... .do... .do... .each. .do... Pivots. Slates — Roofing, 2 to 3 millimeters thick . . For billiard tables, dressed or not. Sadirons — Iron, household or tailors' Same, hollow Same, American Copper or bronze .pound. ..do... ..do... ..do... . square vard. do... .pound. ,..do... ... .set. .pound. Dollars. .2413 .0003 . oiog> .0328 .0131 • 0055 1.93 .6282 .4053 .2837 .3039 . 381& .3619 1.0856 1. 4475 .6031 0109 .6755 .6031 1.4958 ii. 9915. .0656 .8685 .0656 . 0438 . 0328. .0197 • 035 Free. Free. . 0066 . 012 . 027.' .0274 .081 ,7093 .0077 . 0219 . 241 J .0875 33^ ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEBKETEEti — Continfia. Artlculos. Aforos. Dezecho. Plomada — de bronce para albaniles kilo. de fierro 6 bronceadas, para albaniles kilo. Plomo — en planchas kilo. en lingotes 6 barras kilo . Podadoras — curvas, genovesas (lotras semejantes hasta regulates, .docena. de tijera kilo. de tijera muy grandes; se declara valor. Postes de madera 6 fierro; ver Madera 6 fierro. Prensas — de copiar kilo. de madera, para carpinteros docena para imprenta 6 litografia; se declara valor. para uva; se declara valor. para enfardar pasto 6 lana; se declara valor. Pulidores de madera docena . Puntas de Paris (clavos), cualquier medida kilo. Puntillas — de fierro, para zapateros kilo . de bronce, para zapateros kilo. Punzones; ver Cinceles. Punales— armas; se declara valor. instrumentos de trabajo; ver Cuchillos. Raspas para herrar; ver Limas. Rasquetas — de fierro para caballos, regulares 6 finas kilo . de fierro, triangulares, para buques docena. Rastras cuadradas 6 triangulares, de madera con dientes de fierro para agricultura cada una.' Rastrillos — de fierro, sin cabo j-jIq de madera, con cabo docena para caballos .'.!!... .uno Rayos de madera para ruedasde carruajes . .'ciento Rcdondelas — de fierro j^il^ de fierro galvanizado I^jJq ' Rejas — de fierro para arados, forma del pais, 6 fundidas norte-america- nas j^j. de fierro pulido 6 acero, para arados kilo Remaches — de fierro, inclusive los estailados ^il„ 6 redondeles de bronce '..'.".'.'.'."' kilo Remos norte-americanos 6 genoveses, para botes.".".".'.' nar Reempuios j' Resortes- docena.. 6 muelles de fierro, para puertas comunes kilo 6 muelles de alambre, de fierro bafiados 6 galv"a"nizados' para' muebles i-i - w». , kilo.. o elasticos, para coches i^n 6 elAsticos, para carros 6 jardineras .. i !..'!!!."!.".!!!!!!! kilo P-estfs. .62 20 . ID .07 3.00 I. 20 • 15 4.00 2. 50 .08 . 10 40 Pxos. • 155 .05 .025 .0035 • 75 • 30 • 0375 I. 00 • 625 .032 .025 . 10 . 22 3- 10 ■ 55 .775 15. 00 .75 •33 4. 20 23. 00 7.00 .0825 1.05 I. 15 1-75 ■13 • 25 .0325 . 0625 . 10 • 30 Libre. Libre. 13 ■ 70 2. 00 I. 00 .0325 •175 .50 •25 •30 • 075 .og .28 .18 .0225 .07 .045 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAEDWABE— Continued. 337 Articles. Plummets — Bronze, masons' pound Iron or bronzed, masons' '.'.*.'.'."." do Lead — Sheet do... Bar or pig do. . . Pruning knives — Curved, Genoese or the like, common to good dozen l'^^"^ : ••••; ■.■.■■.■.'.■.■.■.pound; bame, very large; ad valorem. Posts, wooden or iron; see Wood or iron. Presses — Copying do Wooden, carpenters' (handscrews) dozen. Printing or lithographing; ad valorem. Wine; ad valorem. Baling, forage, or wool; ad valorem. Burnishers, wooden ; do. . . , Nails, wire, any size pound. Brads — Shoemakers', iron do. . . . Same, bronze do. . . , Awls, straight; see Chisels. Daggers — Weapons; ad valorem. Working tools; see Knives. Rasps, horseshoers'; see Files. Scrapers — Currycombs, iron, for horses, good to fine do ... . Iron, triangular, for vessels dozen . . Harrows, square or triangular, iron teeth, for agriculture each . . Rakes — Iron, without handle pound . . Wooden, with handle dozen Horse each. . Spokes for carriage wheels loo. . Washers (redondelas) — Iron pound. . Galvanized iron do. . . . Plowshares — Iron, shape used in the country or American cast do. . . . Polished iron or steel do. . . . Rivets — Iron, tinned included do. . . . Or washers, bronzed do. . . . Oars, North American or Italian pair. . Sailmakers' palms dozen. . Springs — Iron, for doors, common pound. . Iron wire, plated or galvanized, for furniture do. . . . Coach do. . . . Wagon or cart do Bull. 67 22 Duty. Dollars. .C>tl'& .0219 .0109 .0015 .7238 .1313 .0164 ■965 . 6031 . 014 . oiog .0438 .2407 • 7479 .7238 .0361 I. 0133 I. 1098 1.6888 .0142 .0274 Free. Free. .0142 .0766 .4825 .2413 0328 .0098 .0306 .0197 338 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEREETEEIA— Continda. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho, Rieles — de fierro 6 acero; se declara valor. usados kilo. Ripias de pino 6 cedro miliar. Rodajas de fierro, para espuelas kilo. Roldanas — de fierro para pozo, con cilindro kilo. de fierro para pozo, con 6 sin armaz6n, ordinarias kilo. Roldanitas — de fierro, para persianasi, quinqu^s 6 motores kilo. de bronce, para persianas, quinques 6 motores kilo . Romanitas — de Canute redondo, hasta 34 kilos docena. de cara, hasta 12 kilos docena. de cara, de 13 hasta 23 kilos docena. de cara, de 24 4 35 kilos docena. de cara, de 36 4 46 kilos , docena. de forma circular; se'declara valor. Rompe nueces de fierro, nikelado 6 n6 ,. .docena. Ruedas de fierro, para carretillas de mano, con 6 sin eje kilo. Rueditas — de fierro armadas, para camas 6 bafiaderas kilo. de madera 6 cuerno armadas en bronce y las de bronce, con cubo, para muebles kilo. de fierro, armadas en bronce, para muebles y las de cubo de fierro enchapadas en bronce kilo. Saca-bocados — de tenaza, para zapateros kilo . de teneza, para hojalatero kilo. Salivaderas — de lat6n charoladas kilo. de metal amanllo kilo. , Sargcntos de fierro kilo! Sartenes — de fierro batldo, estafiado 6 no kilo. de fierro fundido, enlozadc kilo. . Serruchos de mano kilo Servicios; ver Juegos, Sierras — grandes, pico de loro 6 do trazar, con ft sin armazones . .kilo circulares de cmta 6 en hojas, para carpinleros kilo de mano con armazon , ,, kilo Soldadores, incluso el mango ' _\ kilo Soldadura — de bronce 6 mezcla I^H,^ de plomo con estano '[[[ kilo Sembradores; se declara valor. Tablitas— de pino bianco, para cercos metro cuadrado de pino de tea, para cercos metro cuadrado. . para lavar (un cuadrado) docena. , lachos — de cobre 6 bronce, inclusive los m.ango^ de fierro. . . kilo de fierro, para industrial se declara valor. Pesos. .60 .40 Pesos. .012 .003 4. 00 I. CO 18 .045 12 .03 25 .0625 80 . 20 2 ^0 .625 2 50 . 625 5 00 1.25 7 50 1-875 10 00 2. 50 2 10 • 525 12 .03 12 .03 80 . 20 .80 ■ 15 .60 ■ 35 .15 .0875 .42 .80 .40 .105 . 20 . lo' . 20 . 21 .60 ■ 05 .0525 ■ 15 ■ 45 I. 00 4^50 ■ 55 . 1125 ■ 25 I. [25 ■ 1375 • 35 . 22 .0875 . on ■ 41 .45 I. 60 ■ 0615 .1125 .40 ARGENTINE REPUBIIC. HARDWABE— Continued. 339 Vrticies. Rails- Iron or steel ; ad valorem. That have been tised pound. Shingles, pine or cedar i,ooo. Rowels, for spurs, iron pound. Sheaves — Iron, for wells, with drum do. . . Same, ordinary, with or without frame do. . . Small, iron, for curtains, hanging lamps, or motors do. . . Same, bronze do. . . Scales — Small, tubular, weighing up to 34 kilos dozen . Face, weighing up to 12 liilos do — Same, weighing from 13 to 23 liilos do . . . Same, weighing from 24 to 35 kilos do. . . Same, weighing from 36 to 46 kilos do. . . Dial face ; ad valorem. Nut-crackers, iron, nickel-plated or not do . . . Wheels, iron, for wheelbarrows, with or without axle pound. Casters — Iron, mounted, for bedsteads or bathtubs do. . . Wooden or horn, mounted in bronze, for furniture do. . . Iron, mounted in bronze, for furniture, and those with iron nave plated with bronze pc/und . Punches — Pincers style, shoemakers' do. Same, tinners' do . Cuspidors — Brass, japanned °°' Yellow metal do. Carpenters' presses, iron do. Frj'ing pans — Wrought iron, tinned or not .do. Cast-iron, agate, or granite lined do. Hand saws do. Chambers for commodes ; see Sets. Saws — Large, cut off, with or without frame do- • ■ Circular, ribbon or blade, for carpenters do. . . Hand, with frame j°' " Soldering irons, including handle do. . . Solder — Bronze or mixed do. . . Lead, with tin do. . . Seed-sowers ; ad valorem. Boards — White pine, fencing square yard. Pitch pine, fencing -do- • ■ Wash, I piece dozen . Boilers — , ,, j Sugar, copper or bronze, including iron handle pouna. Iron, for manufacturing purposes ; ad valorem. 34° ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FEBEETEEIA— Continda. Articulos. Tachuelas — de bronce blanqueadas, inclusive las de espiga de fierro, para muebles 6 baules kilo. con cabeza de porcelana kilo. de flerro fundido 6 calado, dulce 6 batido kilo. de cobre kilo. Taladros sin brocas, para carpinteros kilo. , Tapa-fuentes de alambre docena. , Tarrajas de madera 6 fierro; se declara valo"-. Tejas de canaleta, paratechos miliar Tela— de alambre de fierro kilo de alambre de fierro galvanizado, para cercos kilo de alambre de bronce kilo de cerda, para cernidores kilo. . Tenazas — de fierro, para carpinteros kilo. . de cocina, ordinarias kilo. . Tenedores — de metal blanqueados, inclusive la caja de cart6n kilo. . de composici6n (plata aleraana) kilo! . de peltre, sin platear kilo Tcteras de peltre, sin platear .".".'! i .' .kilo. '. Tierra — hidr4ulica6 romana loo kilos bruto . brezo 6 castano, para plan tas '.loo kilos bruto refractaria i,ooo kilos.. lijeras — de fierro, para plegar ropa kjlo de esquilar, pulidas 6 negras kilo ' para pelar caballos ■■■■.■.■.■■.■.■.■.docena;; de hojalatero [^jj Tinas charoladas 6 barnizadas, chatas, para'barios de esponia ' una Tipos para imprenta, inclusive los mudos 6 blancos kilo Tirabuzones, hasta regulares docena Tiradores — ; . . . . de madera 6 bronce, 6 zinc nikelados 6 n6, para muebles kilo de madera, pintados kilo Aforos. .docena. . Tirantes de fierro; ver Fierro. Toberas Toletes — de fierro 6 escarraas j galvanizados docena. . debronce docena.. TorniUos- docena.. de fierro, para madera ,.., de fierro con tuerca, inclusive "los'de"catre6^cama kilo' ' de fierro, parabancos de carpinteros, tornos de hereros 6 'taburetes ' .kilo illO. ....kilo. de fierro galvanizado ...'.' de bronce de madera, para bancos de carpinteros! ! ! '. '. '. '. '. ! ! '. ". '. '. '. do'c'ena ! ! • 70 •25 . 12 .80 .50 2.00 50.00 .36 .23 i^50 7. 00 •35 ■13 I. 00 2.30 80 I. 40 1.60 I. 60 18.00 • 41 I. 00 '. 00 • 45 3^30 • 52 ■50 .80 .40 .07 •25 .80 .18 •13 •23 • 25 .80 4.00 Derecho, ^ •■sot, .175 .0625 .03 . 20 .125 • 50 12.50 .09 • 0575 • 375 1^75 .0875 .0325 • 25 •575 . 20 •35 .016 Libre. Libre. . 1025 • 25 I. 00 . 1125 .825 • 13 •125 . 20 . 10 .0175 •05 .0625 . 20 • 045 .0325 •0575 .0625 . 20 1. 00 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HAEDWAEE— Continued. 34' Articles. Duty. Tacks— Dollars. Bronze, white plated, with iron point, for furniture or trunks . . .pound. . .0766 Porcelain head do 0274 Cast, malleable or wrought iron do 0131 Copper do 0875 Drills, without taps or bits, carpenters' do 0547 Dish covers, wire dozen. . .4825 Screw plates, wood or iron ; ad valorem. Tiles, roof-gutter 1,000.. 12.0625 Wire cloth — Iron pound.. .0394 Same, galvani.;ed, for fencing do 0252 Bronze , do 1641 Hair cloth, for sieves do. ... i. 6888 Tongs — Iron, carpenters' do 0383 Kitchen, ordinary do 0142 Forks- Table, plated metal, including pasteboard box do 1094 Same, German silver do 2516 Same, pewter, unplated do 0875 Teapots, pewter, unplated do 1532 Cement — Hydraulic or Roman, gross weight 100 pounds. . . 007 Earth, brown, for plants, gross weight do. . . . Free. Fire clay ton. . Free. Shears — Or fluting irons pound. . .0449 Sheep, polished or black do ... . 1094 Horse-clippers dozen. . . 965 Tinners' pound.. .0492 Tubs, japanned or varnished, low, for sponge bath each. . . 7961 Type, printers', including leads and spaces pound. . . 0569 Corkscrews, common to fair dozen. . . 1206 Drawer pulls or handles — Wood, bronze, or zinc, nickel-plated or not, for furniture pound . . . 0875 Wooden, painted • ■ • -do 0437 Cross beams, iron ; see Iron. Bellows pipes dozen. . . 0169 Thole pins — Iron do 0483 Galvanized do 0603 Bronze do 193 Screws — Iron, for wood pound.. .1969 Iron, with nuts, including bed screws do 0142 Iron, for carpenters' benches, smiths' vises, or camp stools do 0252 Galvanized iron , do 0273 Bronze do 0875 Wooden, for carpenters" benches dozen.. .965 342 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. FERBETERtA — Contintia. Artfculos. Tornos — de fierro, de mano con 6 sin mango y los de mesa. .kilo., .kilo.. de fierro, para bancos de hereros 6 carpinteros de fierro para tornero; se declara valor. Trabadores — de fierro para cerruchos, con 6 sin cabo docena. de fierro para cerruchos, con tenazas docena. Tramos para puentes y alcantarillas 'i '-i' ' ' Trampas de fierro con dientes, para ratones kilo. , Travesaiios de fierro, para ferro-carriles y tranvias • Tr6bedes de fierro para fogones 6 planchadoras kilo. Trinchantes — con cabo de madera 6 hueso, ordinarios juego . con cabo de 6bano 6 imitaci6n marfil juego. Trinchetas — para zapateros docena . oara desvasar docena. Tuercas de fierro con 6 sin rosea y las galvanizadas kilo . Tubos de cristal, para m^quinas kilo. Uniones de bronce; como las Haves. Utiles— para construcci6n de carruages; se declara valor. para miquinas de engavillar, trillar y segar; se declara valor. Vainas — de suela para cuchillos, hasta regulares docena. de suela para cuchillos con adorno de composici6n, ordinarias, docena . como las anteriores, regulares docena. Varas — en bruto, para carruages par. herradas, para carruages par. Yesqueros — de bronce, zinc 6 pintados, ordinarios docena. de composici6n docena. Yuguillos — de madera 6 fierro, para carros kilo . mejores; ver Fierro. Yunques de fierro kilo . Zinc — en lingotes6 barras kilo. en planchas lisas 6 de canaleta kilo . Zorras de i ruedas, de mano una . Pesos. .50 I. 20 7. 00 . 20 . 10 Aforos. Derecho. .30 .40 2. 50 1.50 . 12 .50 .82 1.30 2.00 1.40 2. 50 .80 8. 70 . 22 . 15 .06 . 10 '^.00 Pesos, ■125 .05 •30 1-75 Libre. .05 Libre. .025 .075 . ro . 625 • 375 .03 .125 .205 .325 .50 • 35 .625 . 20 2.175 .055 .0375 .003 . 025 I. 25 NoTA. — En todos los arti'culos de las secciones de ferreteria y armerfa quie estdn aforados al peso neto, se conslderara comprendido en dicho peso el papel de la envoltura. ARMERIA. Balas 6 balines de plomo kilo . . Baquetas — de madera, para escopetas docena. . de fierro, idem idem docena. . de 3 piezas docena. . . 10 .80 .60 2. 50 .05 .40 ■30 1.25 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. HARDWARE— Continued. 343 Articles. Duty. Lathes, iron, hand, with or without handle, and those with table or bench, pound. Vises — Iron, for smiths' or carpenters' benches do. . . Turners', iron; ad valorem. Saw sets — Iron, with or without handle dozen. Iron, with pincers . . .- do. . . Spans for bridges; ad valorem. Traps, rat, iron, with teeth pound . Cross-ties, iron, for steam or horse railway Trevets (tripods), iron, for furnaces or sadirons pound. Carvers — : Bone or wooden handle, ordinary set. Handle of ebony or imitation ivory do . Knives — Paring, shoemakers' dozen . Skivers do. . . Nuts, iron, with or without thi'ead, and those galvanized pound. Tubes, glass, for machinery do. . . Joints, connections, bronze, see Faucets, etc. Tools—' And appliances for carriage-makers; ad valorem. Same, for harvesters and threshers; ad valorem. Cheaths — Sole leather, for knives, common and fair d^zen. Same, with ornaments of composition metal, ordinary do. . . Same, fair do. . . Shafts— For carriages, in the rough pair. Same, ironed do . . . Tinder boxes — Bronze, zinc or painted, ordinary dozen. Composition metal do. . . Thimbles (yuguillos) — Wood or iron, for wagons pound . Better quality; see Iron. Anvils, iron do. . . Zinc — Fig or bar °°- •• Sheet, plain or corrugated do. . . Hand carts, 2-wheeled ^^"^'^ • Dollars. • 0547 .0219 .2895 1.6888 . 0219 Free. . 0109 .0724 .0438 .6031 .3619 .0131 .0547 .1978 ■ 3136 .4825 .3378 .6031 .193 2. 0989 .0241 .0164 .0013 . 0109 I. 2063 NOTB.— On all articles of hardware and arms assessed by net weight wrapping paper will be included. ASMS, AMMTJITITION, ETC. Balls or bullets, lead pound. Ramrods — Wooden, for guns dozen Iron, for guns In three pieces do.... do.... .0219 .386 .2895 I. 2063 344 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. AKMEEfi— Continda. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho. Bozales, para perros ; docena. Cadenitas, de fierro, acero 6 bronce, para perros docena. Cajas — de tela 6 engomadas, para escopetas, sin fitiles una. de cuero, para escopetas, sin titiles una . de madera, para escopetas, sin {xtiles una. Cantimploras docena. CApsulas — Monte-Cristo, con bala 6 munici6n, inclusive lascajitas. .kilo. de Monte-Cristo, sin bala kilo . Carabinas — 6 tercerolas de fulminante, para tropas, ordinarias una. 6 tercerolas Remington, Mausser y otras-semejantes una. 6 tercerolas de otros sistemas, finas una. de sal6n 6 Monte-Cristo (sistema Flobert), de,6 4 g milimetros, y las de resorte y aire comprimido una. Caretas, de alambre, para esgrima docena . Cartuchos — Lefaucheux, fuego central 6 anular, para revolver, inclusive las cajas kilo . para escopetas, de carton, vacios, con 6 sin sus tacos correspon- dientes kilo. .pfaucheux, sin bala 6 fuego central kilo. para escopetas, de cart6n, cargados 4 munici6n kilo. , para carabinas, fusiles, rifles u otras armas, perfeccionadas, car- gadas 4 bala, inclusive las cajas kilo. , metaiicos, vacios, para fusiles, rifles to otras armas, perfecciona- das kilo., Cartucheras — de tela, para cartuchos de caza docena de cuero, para cartuchos de caza docena. . Cepillos, de alambre, para limpiar armas docena. , Chimeneas — para escopetas y pistolas , ciento . , para fusiles ciento . '. Culatas, de madera, sin trabajar, para escopetas una. CoUares — para perros, de composici6n, acero, fierro 6 bronce, de toao tamario docena. . de suela 6 charol docena Correas, de cuero, para escopeta docena . . Dinamita kilo Destornilladores, para escopeta 6 fusil kilo ! ! Dragonas — de cuero 6 charol • docena ^ deseda '.'..".". ".i i!!!!! Idocena! ! tscopetas — de fulminante, de i tiro y jj^ de fulminante, de 2 tiros \\\\ una Lefaucheux 6 fuego central, de i tiro, ordinarias b'regulares, ' Lefaucheux 6 fuego central, de i tiro, finas . .' .' ." '.'...'.' una' ' Lefaucheux 6 fuego central, de 2 tiros, hasta regula'res! '. !una'. '. Pesos. 3- OO 2. OO 1.50 4. 20 6. 00 6. 00 .90 1.50 2.00 10. 00 19. 00 4. 00 7.00 .45 Pesos, .75 ■50 .60 1.50 .40 ■ 30 • 75 . 20 .55 .27s go ■45 4.00 10. 00 70 1. 00 2. 50 •17s I. 00 2.00 .40 ■ 50 I. 00 . 10 7. 00 4. 00 '■50 .50 1.50 1-75 1. 00 1.25 .125 375 2.60 6. 20 1.30 3. 10 2.00 4. 00 I. 00 2.00 7. 00 14.50 10.00 3.50 7.25 5.00 I J/ 05 I 50 1 50 45 75 I 00 5 00 9 5a 2 00 I 75 . 225 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. AEMS, AMMUNITION, ETC— Continued. 345 Articles. Muzzles, for dogs dozen. . Chains, iron, steel, or bronze, for dogs -do Gun cases — Cloth or gummed fabric, without appurtenances each. , Same, leather do. . . . Same, wooden do. . . , Canteens dozen. Cartridges — Monte Cristo, ball or shot, including boxes pound. Same, without ball do. . . Carbines — Percussion, for troops, ordinary each. Remington, Mauser, and the like do. . . Other kinds, fine do. . . Parlor rifles or Monte Cristo (Flaubert tj-pe), caliber 6 to 9 millimeters, and those discharged by spring or compressed air each. Masks, for fencing dozen. Cartridges — Lefaucheux, central or rim fire, for revolvers, box included pound. Gun, pasteboard, empty, with or without wads .do. . . Dollars, .7238 .4825 Lefaucheux, without ball or central fire do. . . Gun, pasteboard, loaded with small shot do. . . Carbine, musket, rifle, or other improved fire arms, loaded with ball, box included pound . . Metallic, empty, for muskets, rifles, or other improved firearms. . .do Cartridge boxes — Cloth dozen. . Leather .■ do Brushes, wire, for cleaning arms do. . . . Tubes (nipples) — : For fowling pieces and pistols loo- • For muskets do . . Stocks, gun, unfinished, wooden each. . Collars — Dog, composition metal, steel, iron, or bronze, all sizes dozen. . Same, sole or patent leather do Straps, gun, leather do. . . . Dynamite pound. . Screwdrivers, for fowling pieces or musket do. . . . Sword knots — Leather, sole or patent dozen. . Silk do. . . , Fowling pieces — Percussion, single barrel • ^ca. . Same, double-barrel • do Lefaucheux or central fire, single barrel, common and fair do Same, fine \",'." Lefaucheux or central fire, double barrel, common and fair. ...do... ...do... .965 1-93 3- 3775 6. 9963 4.825 346 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. AEMEBfA— Contintia. Artfculos. Aforos. Derecho. Escopetas — Contintia. Lefaucheux 6 fuego central, de 2 tiros, finas una. Lefaucheui 6 fuego central, extra; se declara valor. incompletas ; pagardn como completas. Espadas — 6 sables, muy ordinarias, para tropas una. 6 sables, ordinarios 6 regulares uno. finas; se declara valor. de otras clases 6 espadines; se declara valor. Empunaduras para floretes docena, Floretes para esgrima par. Fulminantes — inclusive los de espiga, con su caja de cart6n 6 lata kilo para dinamita; se declara valor. Fundas de cuero 6 charol para revolvers docena. de cuero para escopetas docena . Fusiles; se aumentari un peso en cada uno, en las clases respecti- vas de carabinas 6 tercerolas. Guantes — para florete docena. para sable docena. Hojas — para sables 6 espadas, ordinarias docena. para sables 6 espadas, regulares 6 finas; se declara valor. para floretes de esgrima docena. , para espadones de esgrima docena. . Maclietes 6 sables cortos con empunadura de bronce uno. . Mdquinas — para cerrar cartuchos, de madera 6 fierro docena. . de bronce fi otras clases, para cerrar cartuchos una. , Medidores de p61vora 6 munici6n para cartucho docena. Morrales para caza, hasta finos docena . . Munici6n para cazar kilo. Municioneros — de gamuza 6 badana docena. de cuero ii otras clases : docena Piezas sueltas 6 repuestos para armeria; se declara valor. Pistolas — de f ulminante de i tiro pa^j. de fulminante de 2 tiros '.'... .par' de 2 tiros Lefaucheux, fuego central 6 can6n fina, culata de ■"^■^P : par., como las anteriores, culata de ebano, nogal 6 madera pintada, ■ ■ ■ ■; ; par. . como las anteriores, de i tiro; se aforardn con un 40 por ciento menos que las de 2 tiros. de salon Plastronas, para esgrima ^[['.[l ['.[[[.[ '. '. '. .' ." .' ." .' ." ] [docena! ' Polvora — de cazar, comfin fi ordinaria k;io de cazar fina 1, -i „ ' ' J - , , J , ., Kilo. . de canon 6 de fusil jj-jl^ especial para minas ."".".".!!!'."' kilo Pesos. 33.00 Pesos. 16.50 ..40 5- 00 .70 2.50 2. 00 2.60 •50 .63 1.70 .85 15. 00 30.00 3-75 7.50 4.00 12.00 2.40 7. 20 10. 30 5-15 2. 60 4.00 1.50 .65 I.OO .75 6.00 1.50 1.60 20. 00 . 10 1.50 • 375 .80 5.00 .05 4. 00 9. 20 2. 00 4. 60 1.60 2. 60 .80 1.30 13-00 6. 50 5- 20 2. 60 2.80 12. 00 1.40 7. 20 .40 I.OO ■ 30 . 20 . 20 .50 .075 Libre. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, AEMS, AMMUNITION, ETC.— Continued. 347 ATticles. Fowling pieces — Continued. Same, fine each. Same, extra quality; ad valorem. Unfinished; pay as finished. Swords — Or sabers, very ordinary, for troops do. . . Same, ordinary and fair do . . . Fine; ad valorem. Other kinds or dress swords; ad valorem. Kilts, for fencing foils dozen. Fencing foils pair. Percussion caps — Including those with pin, with pasteboard or tin box pound . For dynamite; ad valorem. Holsters, leather or patent leather, for revolvers dozen . Covers, leather, for fowling pieces do. . . Muskets will be assessed $i additional each on corresponding classes of carbines. Gloves — ■ Fencing dozen Cavalry do. . Blades — Sword or saber, ordinary do. . Same, fair and fine; ad valorem. Fencing foils do. . Fencing swords do. . Cutlasses or short sabers, bronze hilt each Machines — For closing cartridges, wood or iron d ozen Same, bronze or other kind each Measures, powder pr shot, for cartridges dozen Bags, game, common and fine do. . Shot, small pound Shot pouches — Chamois or sheepskin dozen Leather or other kind do. . Pieces, extra, for repairs for arms; ad valorem. Pistols — Percussion, single barrel pair Same, double barrel do . . Lefaucheux, central fire, double barrel or fine barrel, ivory handle, .do. . Same, handle of ebony, walnut or painted wood do. . . . Same, single barrel, will pay 40 per cent less than double barrel. Parlor each . . Chest pads, for fencers dozen . . Gunpowder — For hunters, common pound. . Same, fine °°- ■ ■ ■ Cannon or musket do. . . . Blasting do 348 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ABMEsIa — Continfia. Artfculos. Polvorines — de zinc, metal 6 bronce docena. . de asta docena. . de cuero fi otras cl ises docena. . Revolvers — sistema Lefaucheux, ordinarios uno- • fuego central, ordinarios uno. . con sistema para abrir, hasta regulares uno. de los mismos, finos uno . . incompletos; pagar^n como completos. Rifles revolvers; se declara valor. Saca-bocados, para tacos de escopeta docena. . Saca-trapos para escopetas y fusiles docena. . Sables — para tropa; ver Espadas. de madera para esgrima docena. . de fierro, sin vaina, para esgrima docena. . Silbatos — de metal, ordinarios docena. , de compsoici6n 6 metal regulares 6 finos docena. Tacos, para escopetas kilo . Tiros — 6 cinturones, de cuero 6 charol, para militares, forrados, con tafilete uno. 6 cinturones sencillos uno. con cord6n de seda y oro, plata 6 plateados uno . de seda 6 con cord6n de seda uno . de plata y oro ; se declara valor. Trabucos de fulminante, de fierro 6 bronce, de cargar por la culata, uno. Vainas de espada, de composici6n, acero 6 suela. .« una. Zapatillas, para esgrima par. Aforos. Pesos. 3.60 6. 20 11.00 1.70 2. 50 5.00 to. 50 1.50 •50 2. 60 12. 50 ■50 2. 00 .60 2. 30 1.30 6. 00 4. 60 8.00 1. ID I. 00 Derecho. Pesos. 1.80 3- 10 5-50 .85 1.25 2. 50 5-25 • 375 ■2S .65 3. 125 • 12550 ■ 30 1. 15 .65 3.00 2.30 4.00 .55 .60 TEjmos.* Alfombra — de Esmirna 6 sus imitaciones, de lana 6 mezcla kilo. . de tripe, cortado 6 aterciopelado, de lana 6 mezcla kilo. de tripe, rizado, de lana 6 mezcla kilo . , de tripe (1 otros gfeneros de pita kilo . . Alemanesco — de hilo 6 mezcla, para manteles, servilletas 6 tohallas. . . .kilo. . de algod6n, para manteles, servilletas 6 tohallas kilo. . Anascote, de lana 6 mezcla, con algod6n kilo . . Arpillera, de pita, delgada 6 gruesa kilo . . Bayeta, de lana 6 lana y algod6n kilo . . Bayeton, de lana 6 lana y algod6n kilo . . •Todos los artfculos al peso en esta secci6n se pesarSn con sus cajas y envoUuras y con las maderas y cartones en el interior de las piezas, pesandose bruto cuando vengan en fardos. Sc eiceptiian las pal- lidas en que se determina especialmence la manera de pesar. 4. 00 I. 00 2. 00 .50 I. 00 .25 .50 .125 1.80 .45 .90 .225 1.50 ■ 375 . 20 .01 1.50 .375 I. 00 ■ 25 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. ARMS, AMMUNITION, ETC.— Continued. 349 Articles. Powder flasks — Zinc, metal, or bronze dozen Horn do. . Leather or other kinds do. . Revolvers — Lefaucheux system, ordinary each Central fire, ordinary do. . Opening system, common to fair do. . Same, fine do. . Unfinished will pay as finished. Rifles, revolving; ad valorem. Wad-cuttters, for shot guns dozen Wad-extractors, for shot guns or muskets do. . Sabers — For troopers; see Swords. Wooden, for fencing do. Iron, without sheath, for fencing do. . Whistles — Metal, ordinary do. . Composition or metal, fair to fine do. . Wads, shot-guns pound Belts- Sword, leather or patent leather, lined with morocco, for soldiers, .each Swords, single do . . Swords, with cord of silk or gold, silver or plated do. . Swords, silk or with silk cord do. . Silver or gold; ad valorem. Blunderbusses, percussion, iron or bronze, breech-loading do. . Sheaths, sword, composition meAl, steel or sole leather do. . Shoes, fencing pair Dollars, 2.9915 5- 3075 WOVEN FABEICS.* Carpeting — Smyrna or imitation, wool or mixed pound . Brussels, cut or pile, wool or mixed do . . . Same, shag, wool or mixed do . Same and other kinds, agave do. Damask — Table linen and toweling, linen or mixed do. Same, cotton do . . . Serge, wool or mixed with cotton do. . . Bagging, agave or henequen, light or coarse do . . . Baize, wool or cotton and wool do. . . Frieze (coating), wool or cotton and wool do. . * All articles in this section assessed by weight will be weighed with their cases and wrappers, and with the pieces of wood and cardboard inside the pieces of goods ; but when in bales will be assessed gross weight, except when otherwise specified. 350 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. TEJIDOS— Continda. Artlculos. Bolsas — de arpillera kilo. de brin ii otros g^neros de algodon kilo . Bombasi — de algod6n, liso kilo. de algod6n, labrado kilo. , Bramante, de algoddn y otras telas semejantes kilo. . Brines — de hilo 6 mezcla, para ropa de hombres, nifios y muebles, kilo.. de hilo 6me7x!adetodasclases, de Rusia, deentretela, crehuela y lienzo de hilo, inclusive los cuadrados para repasar. .kilo. . de algod6n bianco, de colores y dril kilo. . Carpetas para mesas; se aforar^n al mismo precio de la"s telas de que estfen hechas con excepci6n de las bordadas. Casimires — panos, meltons, astrakanes, felpas de lana y lana con algod6n, kilo.. paiios meltons, astrakanes, felpas de lana con tramadealgod6n, kilo.. Chuse de coco, pita 6 cuerda kilo Colchas — de algod6n en general kilo . . de algod6n, de crochet y de hilo 6 mezcla kilo! '. ■de algod6n, imitaci6n crochet 6 gUipiur kilo. Cortinas — de algod6n, imitaci6n guipiur 6 crochet y de muselina 6 tul bordado kilo.. de otros g^neros; se aforaran al mismo precio de las telas de que est6n hechas. Coti — « de hilo 6 mezcla j^jj^ de algodiSn .'.....'.".!'.'.'. .kilo Crinolina 6 caprichodealgod6n ' kjio Cortes de chalecos en general, con mezcla de seda.'. ".".'.'.. ..'corte Damasco — reps, lampas, brocatela, cachemir y todos los g^neros para mue bles, carruages 6 cortinas, de seda kjlo de los raismos, con mezcla de algod6n boa, S. Cobos, Francisco. Colombato, Jo86. Conforti Hnos. Converse, Francisco. Couget, L. Cranwelly Ca.,G.A. Cranwell, E. E. Criscuolo, L. Curutchet, Macedonia Dannsso, C. A. De Paula, Hector. Demarchi y Ca., Parodl DeneTi, Ernesto A. Dentone, E. Dillon, Juan. Bi Marino, Lnis. Diosdado, Jos6. Duca, Giacomo. Dupiiitren, J. Faggiotti, Constantino. Felizia, Luis. Fernandez, Free. Ferris, C. FUUa, F. Fiorini, Anacleto. FoUet,J. Fontana, ManueL Francfis, A. Franzoni y Ca. ■Galleri, Pedro. Gallo, Segundo T. Oalvan, H. Oarbisco, Marian V. Garofalo, M. A- rabble Hnos. y Ca. Dreyfus Erferes y Ca., J. Duquennoy, Adolfo. Eicken, H. H. von. Etchegaray y Ca., C. BUKN^OS AIRES — Continaed. Hc^ortera—ConiAnxied.. Eunck y Ca., Th. Eofarmann y Ca., '3. (ralibert, J. Ginouves y Ca., B. Greffier, E. Greffier Eils. Hardt, Engelbert y Ca. Hill, Bellamy y Ca. Koch y Haesloop. Lahusen y Ca. Lamarqne y Ca., A^ Ledesma Hnos. Ijemoad, £. Lombardiiii Hnos. Lopez y Ca., Antonio. Lothiois Hnos. Lothlois Erdres. liouet, S. Lloreda y Ca., Mayner. MaUmajiQ y Ga. Marco del Pont, A. Maaorel FlIb. Mendez y Ca., Frandacoi. MUhaa y Ca., Bernardo. Mollery'Ca. Mooree, H. G. 'Navasj Bafaelde. ^ K^rinelli, A. Bemo. Nery y Ca., F. Nogues, Ninet y Ca. Northmann y Ca., M. Ortuno, Gregorio. Ostwald y Ca., S. Paterson y Ca., R. C. PayrAs, F. Peltzer y File. Perea y Navaa. Perry, Gardner B. Pettis y Calzado. Piaggio, Ernesto. Podest&, Giacomo. Ponzini, Ercole. Qnatrefages y Paillard. Reye Hnos. y Ca. Rigal, R. Roberts y Ca., C. F, Roca y Santamaria. Rollei, Domingo. Roast Fruicisco. Schumann y ZerAiki Solari, C&rlos. Standt y Ca. Steen y Ca. Surra, Aurel N. de. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 407 BUENOS AIRES— Continued. Mxp orf sr*— Continned. Tay, Henry. Tay, "William H. Theoljald y Ca., J. K. Ti6man y Ca., Cols. Tomquist y Ca., E. Torre, Ernesto. Trinqnier y Ca., Q. Yillatd Hnos. . TVaetge y Schlief. Wattinne, Bossut &. Fils. Wens y Ca. Wiengreen y Ca. Fv/mitwre dealers and manufacturers* Adamoli, Bernard. Ader, Bernardo.. * Allemandi, ConBtancio. Alpini Qairino y Ca. Amibale, Santo. Baooaro, JaazL Bancalari, JosA. Barcel6, Mariano. Baraellinl, Leopoldo* Batista, FascnaL. Bergad^, Jos6. Bernardo, Loigi. Bern, Jnan. Binaghl y Ca., Antonla. B6, J086. Bogni y Hno., Alejandro. Bolcelli, Mariano. Bosch, Antonio. Botelli, Victor. Bottaro, Antonio. Bnrgbi, Angel. ■ Bristow & French. Calachati, Jnan. Calcatera, J. C&mpora, Antonio. Campos, Anto. Carraffia, Miguel. CarleTari, S., y Gnstavino, N. Car6, Jnan. Carsi, J086. Casale, S. Casamiquela, J. Casella, Emilia M. de. Cassajos, Alegandro. Cassina, J086. Castagnino, Bernardo A. Castillone, Fascnal Catoira MonneL Cemti, J. Changhea, C^rloB. Chjorii, Juan. •Cfairelle, Cesare. BTTCNOS AIRES— Continued. £Htimitur6 dealers and moni^octureM— Continued. Giolina, Emilio M. de. Ciovina, A. Cipolla Hnos., Frco. CipoUa, Juan. Cirelli, Agustin. Colombari, Francisco^ Colombo, Antonio. Confolonieri, P. Copello y Hno., J. Correge, Felipe. Cort68 y Ca., Frandsoo. Costa, Jaime. Costa, Jos6. Craviotto j Ca., Bartolom& Pavi, Amalia. Debot, Celestino. Debatista, Ambrosio. Pebemava, Josd. Dedini y Ca. Dedini, Julio. Dejean y Ca., D. 0. Delavela, Luis. Belbneno, Jos6. Belean, Fernando. Delano Hnos. Del Bio, Andr6s. Denevi, Juan B. Descotte, Md.ximo. De Yita, Crisando. Devoto y Ca., B, Didore, Augustino. Do Matn, Manuel. Dominguez y Ca., Koquo. Fametano, Angel. Ferrari, Angel. Ferrigno, Juan, Fialo, Joaquin. Fideres, Iloqu6. Florentine y Leconrse. Fontan, Manuel. Fonterosa, Manuel. Foms, Feliciano. Fortunate, Vicente. Gandolfo, Pedro. Garcia y Ca., Luis. Genovesio, Leonor. Ghirelle, Cesare. Giachetti, Juan. Gilardi, Enrique. Giliberti, PascuaL Ginepro, Victorio. Gonzalez, ManueL Grampa, Miguel. Grampa y Badico. 4o8 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. BUENOS AIEES— Continued. Furniture dealers and manufacturera — Continaed. Granett, A. Greco, Leonardo. Green & Co., Juan. Griet Hnos. Gritti, Francisco. Gross, Francisco. Gnanziroli, Jos6. Guastavino, Nicola. Guido, Tomis. Herment y Ca., A. Jacob, Pedro y Vicenta. Jacod, J. Jiirgenson, Pedro. Jnillera y Ca. Klein, Felipe. Laborandi, Angel. Lanata, Bartolo. Lanatta, Juan. Laurent, AngustinA de. Lavang, Joe6. Lerca, Juan. Lorenzini y Peretti. Maggione, D. Marasco, Jos6. MarcoUi, CArloa. Marcora, Jos6. Marrone, Benito. Maraico, Jo86. Martindale, "W. G. Marzorati y Maccio. Mascazzini, A. Mascheroni, Jos6. Mastal, Jo86. • M attaldi, Leandro. Meretta, Jos6. Mohimont, Viuda de P. Molera, R. Molteni, Lucas. Molteni, Luis. McDonald, J. J. Molteni, Pedro. Monaco, Vicente. Moueta, A. Monier, Juan. Moreau, L. Mounier, Juan. Murine, Vicente. Musso, Benito. NaTSirete, Kanion. NaTeiro y Parada. Nicolello, Juan. Nicolini, S. Nocera, Domingo. K^OTES, M. K. BUENOS AIHE&— Contimied. Furniture dealers and manufacturers — Continued Novo, CedUo. Nulli, Oreste. Olives, Juan. Osorio, Kicardo. Ottonello, Miguel. Pacano, Rafael. Paez, Jacinto C. Pagani, Ramon. Pagan o, R. Palacio, Pascual. Palazzo, J. P. Pallares, Gabriel. Parenti, Santo y Hno. Paael y Ca., M. Pastore, Antonio. Pazos y Aznar. Fazos, Pascnal A. Pech, Marius y Carranza. ' Peretti y Hnos. Pinoli, CArlos, Pisani, Rocco. Pisano. J. Ponti, Jos6. Pop a, Jos6. Porro, Napoleon. Pozoa, Pa-scual Artura Preller, Guillermo. Prevoat, V. Babollini, AngeL Radice, Enrique. Rebuffo, A. F. Rilla, Francisco. Rimoldi, Cesar. Rivera y Ca. Rocca y Ca., Totals RodSs Severe, Rodriguez, Francisco. "SjAz y Cort6a. Roaiano, B. Kotta, Antonio. Rubio y Merlo. Rubio, Salustiano. Ruggero, Onofirio. Ruiz, Auto. Ruiz y Ca., Josd. Saenz, Sandalio y Ca. Salvador, Teodoro. Santoparenti y Hno. Santoyanni, Paacual. Scarpati, A. Scarpati Vicente. Soarai, Vda. de M. Scbmeil 6 Hijo, H. Seng6Hijo, J. D. Serraty Ca. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 409 BTTEl'I'OS AJBES—Continued. Furniture dealen and manvfacturtra — Contiimed. Silvetti y Hnoa., J. B. Simonetti Hdos. Sociedad Tea. de Mueblea. Solares, Antonio. Solei y Ca., Hebert. Souza, Antonio. Spadafore y Ca., S. Spinet to, Luis. Sueyro, Juan. Tavelli, Pablo. Tetjbainanti, Viudade. Texo y Ca. Thompson y Ca., II. 0- Tigles y Amor. Tonelli.Hnos. Toppi y MafHolini. Trazande, Benito. Vadone, Frnncisco. Vaggi y Rossi. Yalent6, Luis n. Tannoni y Ca., P. Vazquez, Jos6. Veghi, Angel. Veroni, Domingo. Vicano y Hno. Vierci, Juan. Vincent, J. Viola, Luis. Vismara Hnos. Viz y Ca. Zancarini, Bllas. Zara, Jos6. Zucchi, Luis. Zucchi y Moltenl* Zurutuza, Josd, Importers of— books and paper. Castex, Luis. Cbollat y GuiUot Escary, J. :^spiaase, Jolly y CSL Lajouane, F. Mackem y McLean. Parellada, Juan. brewery fixtures. Aiscbmann, L. Bua y Bachmann. Heinemann, Kley y Csk. " builders' materials. Gri»ouv68 y Ca., B. Mirey y Ca. Eib6 y Hno., Angosta. Van Harpeu y Ca. BTJENOS AIRES— ContinaecL Importers c/— earpits. Romero, Diaz y Toreaano. chemicals. Savelkoul y Ca. chicory coffee. Caude, Deoauasin y Ca., Ti. cider. Cuell, Eduardo. cigars and tobacco. Aparicio y Ca. Parellada, Juan. Bello, Abelardo D, Bonaui y Ca. Charro y Ca.. F. de, Noceti, Cesar. Romani y Ca., J. Van Happen y Ca. elotJiSy clothes, etc. Blotte, SatuTiiino. Boiinaud y Goffro. Bullrich, Rodolfo. Figueroay Ca., ]tf. Hira, Jos6 N. Liguex y Ca., C. MacCallum y Ca. Fortes y Beuquez. Molinero y Ca. Scblieper, Herin. Seligman y Baudon. Staudt y Ca. Viademonte, Harguindey, Vidiella y Ca. Zuberbubler y Ca. coal, coke, etc. Roma, Duo y Ca. . eorks. Molinaa y Ca., T. dia/monde, jewelry, aTid elocka, Anezin Hnos. Bencbimol, J. Black y Ca., William. Bompet y Hnos., F. Campod6nico, Leonardi y Ca. Franchi, A. Gerson y Hnos., A. Hoch, J., jeune. Imbert, R. Jacard y Ca., H. B. Lambert, Levy y Ca. Levaillant y Ca., A. Levy, Oscar. Matthey Hnos. Eouliua, Ck. 410 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. BtJENOS AIRES— Continued. diamonds^ jewelry, and clocks — Continned. Se^ninguan. Silberberg, Muhlrad y Pozmaaski. Sotto y Ca., Joseph. Steinhener, Jacobo. Tabernig, Dossauet. "Wuille. Billey Bloclu fcmcy notions. Clarfeld, Federioo. Gasa, Luis. Greenway y Ca., D, Haurie y Ca. Jowey Frferes. Kaufmann, R. Kruger y Ca., R. Penco y Hnos., Jnniu Repetto Nocetti y C& "Weyl, Eduardo. fttmiture. Ader, B. Green y Ca., JuaiL. Griet Hnos. Solei, Hebert y Ca. Thorapaon y Ca., H. IL Wilkes y Ca. gtis fixtures. Cerini y Heinlein. Ga.ss, Ltda. Rib6 y Hno., Agustin. Sanchez y VilA. Stomi Hnos. y Ca general rnerckandiso. Acevedo y Ca. Acherley y Ca., E. Alzaga, Cirlos de. Ancizar Hnos. y Ca. Apesteguy Frdres. Apheca y Suzanne. Arambarri, Rodriguez, Gonsales y Co. Aretz y Ca. Arizmondi y Ca., M, Arning, Brauss y Ca. ArtagaTeytia Hnos. y Cs.' Artaza y Landera. As worth y Ca. Baratty Hnos. Barclay, Mackintosh y Ca. BarroR y Lafont. Bates, Stokes y Ca. Beligard, Leopoldo. Bemberg y Ca., Otta Ben y Bruseh. Bennet y Ca., J. A. Berifiso Hnos. y Scala. BiTENOS AIRES— Continued. Importers of— general merchandise — Continued. Berliner, Horacio. Bemheim, J. A. Beukelaer y Ca. Bianchetti y Ca. Bianchi y Ca., E. Bianchi y Ca. Blanch'ard, P. Blanchereau, Blanco, M. Ramon. Boie Hnos. y Ca. Bonani y Ca., A. Bonnaud y Gof&e, Borel, L. Borro, Lorenzo. * BoTzone y Ca. Boyd, John P. Bozzo, Antonio. Brambilla, C. Brandos y Ca., E. BrowneUy Ca., R.P. Burgaud, Senet y FortOB. Camino y Ferrer. Carbone, Pio. Carboni, Catto y Ca. Cardinali y Ca., P. Carlisle y Ca., R. J. Gastiella y Cisneroa. Cande, Decaussin y Ca., Tlu Cazal^s y Ca., A. Cbaldneto, Figari y Ca* Charost y Ca. ChAs 6 Hijos, B*. Chatril y Ca. Chauvel, SauL Chavanne y Ronx. Chaves, Fazio y Ca^ Ghayla y Ca., E. Checchini, A. P. Chevrot y Ca., R. Chide y PhiUpot. Clark y Ca., Juan K", Cobaa, Benito. Cobos, K. Codina, Bartolom6. Codino Hnos. y Ca. Coelho y Halbach. Collins y Ca., T. Frason Cordero y Ca., V. Corradi, Arturo, Costa y Ca., S. I'agnino y Ca. Dfejaer FrSres. Belaye y Ca., A. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 411 BITXirOS AIBX8— Continued. Importer) of— general mereTumdiae — Continaed. BeUa Cha, £. Deir Aoqua y Hno., S. Dematteis y Ca., C. Denis y Ca. Desconrs, A. DeTille y Ca., J. A. DeTOtto y Hno., A. Devotto y Ca., S. F. Devotto y Ca., S. Dieckmann y Malher. Dillenins y Ca., O. Donate y Ca., B. Drabble Hnos. y Ca. Drouet, Camille y Ca, Dossddorp y Ca., M. H. Englebert y Ca. Tela y Ca. Ferrer, V. Font, J. Juan. Friedmann, Mauiicio, Flirt, Emilio. Funn, Butler y Ca. GaUi Hnos. Galup, S. Gamble y Ca., M. Garbarcino y Ca., A. Garbolino, Cirloa. Garcia y Oa., U. Garcia y Soro. Garibaldi, rrateUJ. Garibaldi y TiUi. Garr6 y Ca., J. B. Ganlbiac, Ednardo. Getting y Ca. Giuliani Hnos. Goicoecbea y Ca. G<)jnez y KedriguM. Gondret, Juan. Gronzalez y Ca., B. Grambin y Ca., A. Haley Ca., Samuel B. Hall y Ca., Joan O. Hardy y Ca. Hegenbarth, T. Helgaera y Ca. Herrmann, £. Hill, Bellamy y Ca. Hodsoll, John. Hollmann y Miiller. Hopmann y Ca., A. Jagmetti, Luis Cr. Jardon y Ca., J. M. Jones y HerscheL BTTENOS AIBDS— Continued. Importers of— general merchandUe — Continued. Joseph, HenrL JoBu6 y Ca., C. Ealko, Th. HUariuB. Kauert, B. Eirschbaum Hnos. Krabas y Ca., H. Kristufec y Ca. Kuliche y Ca., CArlos. LacaiUe, Alejandro. Lacanette y Ca., J. Lacau y Ca., A. Laolaustra, Saenz y C& Lafont, Camille. Lahusen y Ca. Lamarque y Ca. Lapedagne y Soropon. Lara y Ca., F. G. Larco, Yerrazz. Larrouy y Ca., J. Lavagno, Gregorio. Lavallie y Ca., J. LawBon y Ca. Ledesma Hnos. Lenguas y Ca., H. Levy, Oscar. Link y Ca., A. C. Lohmann y Ca. Lopez y Ca., A- Loubet, G. B. Lozano, Bmillo. Lnders y Ca. Macgregor, Aitken y Ca. MacKechnie, G. Mahler, D. Maine, A. Malatesta y Ca., P. Marcoai y Vandervfie. Margenat y Ca., J086. Marguerie, L. Martinez, Roberto. Martinez y Ca., G. Martini y Bossi. Massuco, CArloB R. Matberon, A. Matthews y Ca., E. Matthey, P. T. E. Mendez y Ca., F. Menet y Ca. Meyer y Schanb. MilUgan y WiUiamaon. Miranda, Matlas J. Molina y Ca., J. Juan. Molina, M.S. 412 ARGENTINE REPVBLIC- BTJENOS AIR^— Continued. Importers . Xery y Ca.. F. Nothmann y Ca., M. Koache, Vilaplana y Ca. ^ovar^, Tom^s. Oddo, Saja y Ca. Oest, J. W. Olcott y Ca. Olivari y Ca., T. Orlando y Ca., E. Orsolini, Miguel. Pages, G. F. Patma y Bemaacom. Falma, Feijo y Garcia. Parlane, Graham y Ca. Pearson y Ca. Peck, William E. Pellerano y Ca., B. Porea y Kavaa. Perez Mendoza, H. y J. Perez, Serra y C*. Perez y Ca. Perids6, Chiquirriu y Bazre. Perotti, Jos6. Petero Hnos. Petri y TalentL Pettis y Calzada. Pietraaera, G. y A- Pietrauera, T. Porth y Ca., N. F. L. Prieur, Poput, Tarau y Ca. Queirolo, F. G. Kamirez, T. A. Bamos, A. F. ^Kasclie, B. S. Kathje, A- Rehn, Ernesto. Key y Ca., L. Eeyuecke, B. Keyre Hnos. y Ca. , Khotes y Kem. Kibero y Ca., O, BTJENOS ATRTM — Continued. Importers of— general merchandise — Continued. Sagal, K. Eoca H908. y Eivarola. Bocha HnoB. y Ca. Eocha, J. P. Rodes, E. F. Rodriguez, Javier "M. Kodriguez j Ca., AL Rohner 6 Hijos. Roig y Ca., L. EoUeri y Ca., D. Eopes. Franklin S. Eosas, A. G. de. Rosciano y Piiiz. Rosenthal, G. y C. Rossi, F. EouBseau, P. Ronx y Ninet. Eobelle, G. Ruiz, Garcia ^ Hijos. Eusca, A. Euscheweyh, G. Ensconi, A. Sahatt6y Ca., J.F. Salterain y Ca. Samper y Ca., A. SaTemier, P. R. Scherff Hnos. Schiaroni, Juan. Schueidewind y Ca., "W, Schulte, Roberto. Segarra, Jos6 R. SeanigUa y Crovetto. Sehlmeyer y Vogt. Senillosa y Romero, P. Seqneira y Rusa. Shaw Hnos. Shaw,y Ca., Juan. Shaw, Miller y Ca. Snell y Ca. Sola y Ca., R. Sotto y Ca., Joseph. Spring y Ca. Stefano, Qaesta. Steier y Roaenstein. Stevens, Corwin y C^ Stomi, Traversa y Ca. Storla Hnos. y Torres, Sueguin, Juan. Sundblad y Ca., C. Surra, Aurelio X. de. Tatlock Hnos. Theobald y Ca.. J. K. Thompson y Ca. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 413 BUENOS AIRES— Continued. Importers of— general merchandise — Continnedi ThompBon y Torras. Trager y Ca., H. Troncoao y Ca. TTribe y Ca,, J. A. Urrutia, Magrtalena. Valentin, Pedro. Verazzi y Larco. Vergara 6 HijoB. Tidal y Ca., B. Virlal y Ca., M. G. Vives, J. Vulbeno, S. "Watson y Ca., C. "Widenmayer, Romero y Ca. Widmer y Saintot. Williams, Gaudencio y Ca. Williams y Cichero. Wipperling, Kirchhofer y Ca. Wolff, Adolfo, Wolff, Sigismimdo y Ca. Wood y Ca., TomAs. Woolley y Ca. glasswa/re, ckinaware^ and poroel(t/in» Arredondo y Ca., R. Clarfeld, Tederico. Kruger y Ca., R. Penco y Hnos., Juan. Wilkes y Ca. groceries and provisions. Arabehety, J. Ayarragaray y Capdepont* Barnes, Hulcar. Bianchi, Angelo. Borzone, Stefano. Camere, Fratelli 6 Ca. Cannale y Bnsca, Caride !BDnos. y Ca. Oaride, ManueL Castiglioni, Luigi. Caude, Decauasin. Clma, Giuseppe. Chapar, J. C barest. Crespi, Engenlo. Croce y Pisani. Crovetto y Ca. Debussy, L. De Nicola, AngelOp DeToto, Fodesta. Devoto, Bocba 6 Ca. DuBsaud, J. Emmanuele, E., y C& BUENOS AIRES — Gontinned. Importers of— groceries and provisions— Coni^'OoA, Escutary, P. Eriedmann, M. Gaminara, L., y Com. Gandolfi, Moss y Ca. Garcia, Eemandez y Ca, Ginocchio 6 Fodesta. Girou, Omer. Gonzales, F. Gonzales y Ferradaz Hnos. Goyenechea, Bilbao y Ca. Gutierrez y Ca. Kruger y Ca. Labartbe, K. Laguerre, PauL Lalaune, S. Lanusse, Pedro y A- * Lanus y Ca., J. Lavagno e Comp. Lavie, Serna y Ca. Levi, G. A. Linck y Ca. Logan. Beatty y Ca, Loguegaray. Lopez y Ca. Marco del Ponto. Marini y Ca. Martinez y Ca, Martini y Rossi. Maupas y Ca. Mazzini e Kepetto. Morales y Castro. Narice, Giuseppe. Necol Hnos. y Ca. Necol,V. Neinmann, Kley y Ca, Olivart y Ca. Orsolini. Ottone, Fratelli 6 Cia, Paats y Ca., W. Parry y Ca. Favero, Felix. Paz y Ca., J. F. do. Fesagno, Silvestro. Peters Hnos. Pietranera, G. A. Folledo, Candia y Ca. Fonzini. Cav. Ercole. Profume e Comp. Balmondo e Comp. Repetto, Farpaglione y C& Reyre Hnos. y Ca. Rezzo, Santiago. Rigal,R. 414 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. BTTEITOS AIBES — Continued. Importers of— groceries and provisions — Contiiiaed. Eoig y Ca. ' KoUeri, Griacomo, e Fratpello. KoQcoroni, Griovanni. Boviralta Hnoa. Samele, Vito. Saralei^ y Mascios. Saolie, J. SgroBSO, Gr. Soages, S. Spinetto y C& Standt y Ca. Tabusso, Felice^ Tragery Ca. hatters' articles. rranchini y Ca., 0. Pesissfi y Jardon. koitsehold goods, paints, and hardware. Belloni 6 Induni. Casaels, King y Ca. Demerengo 6 Hijo, J. Dillemann y Ca., F. Bellazoppa. Font, Jaan y Jaimo. Haaeuolerer y Ca. Homps y Ca., A. Lysaght, John. Mieres, Forres y Ca. Nioholaon, Bametche y Ca^ Piniy Koca. iron. Bell 6 Hyoa, Jorge. Casaela, King y Ca. Deacoars, A. Medina, Antonio. Steen y Ca. leather. Blesclier y Ca. F^brica Kaclonal do Calzado, Sociedad An6- nimaw Fontan Fr6rea. GraflF, A. Levi, G. A. machinery. Adde, A. E. Agar, Croaa y Ca» Bametcbe, P. Bertach y Ca., P. Carmen, Diego M. Cbananard, G-. Dilleman fils. Drysdalo y Ca., Juan y Josd. BUENOS AIE£S— CoutliLued. Importers qf— machinery/ — Continued. Drysdale y Ca., Tomda. Earnest, W. Eberteins, L., y C& Forquez. Greenway y Ca. Hasenclever y Ca. Heinemann, Kley y Co. Homsby & Sona, IL Lanari y Ca., C. Lanus, M. Lejeune y Detroia. Meets y Ca.,|S. J. Menditeguy. Moore y Tudor, Osborne y Ca. Portalis Frdres. Santos Hnoa. Sbanks Hijos y Ca., A. Shaw 6 Hijos, Juan. ViUafafie, G. "Walsh, Lovett y Ca. York y Ca.. SamneL Wyssmann y Prevot men's articles. Gath y Chaves. Manicot y Periaafi, mosaics. AUende, Santiago. Arechavalena y Ca., il. J. naval stores. Bossi, Rugero y Ca. Full6 y Ca., E. Pini yitoncoroni Hnoa. Repett, Nocetl y Ca. paints, paper, and glass. Aubine y Deapaux. Bonnemort, B. Quesnel 6 Hijos, P. Savelkoul y Ca. Van Harpen y Ca. pej;/tmiery. Caude, Decaussin y Ca., Th, Bianchi y Sobrinho, F, Lafontaine y Ca., L. Monrea, H. Rivera, Ganuza y Ca, Sabatt6y Ca.,J.F. pJiotographers' tsupplics. Boote, SamueL Demarchi, A. Stein, H. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 415 BUEirOS AIRES— Continued Importers qf— ploffitaHtm auppliet, Alzaga, C. printers* supplie*. BemaroM, A. Estrada y Ca. Hof&nanzt, Gotardo. Ostwald y Ca., S. Wiengreen y Ca. ranges, fireplaces^ and stoves* Cassels, King y Ca. G-reen y Ca., Juan. Jones, Latimer £. Wilkes y Ca. saddlery and harness. Astonl Hnoa. Irigaray y Bametcbe. "Widner y Saintot. smaU wares and notiona. Amant y Doublet. Belgrano y Ca., J. B. Bellon y Challe. Berdoy, Calle y Ca. Eeye Hnos. Bumlchon y Ca., J. Carrera y Ca., J. Capdevile, A. Caplane Hnos. ChaUe, J. M. Challe, Jo86. Charles Fr6res. Chiappara, Tencone y Ca. Coqneteanx, A . Darte y Ca., Julio. 1 Delaye y Ca. Echevarria, J. P. Esquerrfi y Ca. Fernandez, Glorialdo y Segundo. Fnrt et Fils. Goffre.'Bonneau. Gomez y Mi gone. Grunhut y Ragozza. Gudenschwager, Kesaler y C«k Guen6n, Gustavo. Herbin Fr^rea. Lafontaine. Laserre, C. Lignex. MaureiU & Co. Moureau, H. Menet y Ca. Kilan, Eusebio. 'N'ot hm anTH, M. BTTENOS AIEES—Continued. Importers of— small wares and noiiims— Continued. Portes, Benquez. Puy, P. G. Schnickel, Joa6. Seligman, Baudon. Siegrist, Baader Hijos y Ca. ■ Sonuner, Christian. Villanueva, Legnineche y Ca. Zorraquin, Carlos. tailors' articles. Devilley Ca., J. A. white clothing. Adhemary Ca., L. Baflo y Ca., M. wines and liquors. Alinari, Francisco. AUec, J.P. AUende S^itiago. Amadieo, Joly y Ca. Aparico y Ca. Aymar, Marti y Ca, Barca y Feuasco. Bazille, J. Bazzoni, A. G. Bonomi, Jo8u6. Boesany, Julio., y Ca. Breuer y Hnos., Gustavo IL Brunelli y Gatti. Burnichon y Ca., J. B, Bussaud Frferes. Charpentier y Ca., A. Campbell, CoUn. Cinzano j Ca., Frco. Conceigao, A.J. Dagnino, Federico. Dell' Acqua y Hno., B. Domanico, Taconianni y Ca. Domeuech, Baudillo. Echezarreta y Fernandez. Fernandez, Gayol S. Fernandez y Ca., Ricardo. Gandolfi, Moss y Ca. JoUy y Ca., A. Jones y Ca., S. H. Kristufec, Julio. Laborde, Auras J. Laborde, Alexia. Lesinay Bnjetto. Levi, G. A. Loma y Ca. Magnano y Ca. MaDtegazza y Ca. Marino y Ca.. B. Al(y ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. BTJEUOS AIREa-Continued. ' BUENOS AIEES— Cod tinned. Importers of— wines and Zigtwr*— Continned. Ortega, Beovide, Cibeira y Ca. Piacione, Monaco B. Portais y Ca., B. R. Fressiani y Ca., J. B. Queirolo y Ca., J. L. Kamos y Ca., B. Bomat 6 Hijos, M. Saborido Hnos. Staudt y Ca. Steiner-Eicliter. A. C. Tonazzi y Hno., A. Van Harpen y Ca. Zeppi y Ca., A. Liquor Tnercfiants. Campbell, Colin. Fraser & Co.. T. ColTina. Lafont, Bmtaa. MacLean & ilulvany. Manini, Ciarlotti y Ca. Moore & Tudor. Paata & Co., Wm. Parry & Co. Pontaia, Calvert & Co. Machinery depot*. Agar, Cross & Co, Bertucb y Ca., P. Bash, HnoB. y Ca. Blanch, Pedro. Cbouanard, G-., "Aux Forges de Volcam.* Drysdale & Co., John &. J osoph. Earnest, "W. Eberstein y Ca., L. Foley y Cia., Thomas G-. Haaenclever y Ca. Heinemann, Kley y Ca. Homsby & Sons, K. Lanari y Ca., C* Lanns, Miguel- Moore & Tudor, PhilUps, E. T. Bernard, Julio. Serra Mateo HnoB. Shanks 6 Hijo, Alejandro. Sociedad Casa Amai-illa. Shanks Sons & Co. Shaw 6 Hijo, Juan, Symes y Ca., Enrique. Turner, Jnan E. "Walsh, Lovett y Ci York y Ca, SamueL Autheman, GustaTA Boole, SamueL Manufacturers of photographers' apparatus. Da. Costa, Gaston. Merchants, general. Acosta, Gardosse ManuoL Acufia, Francisco. Acufia, Juan H". Andrew, F. B. Aribas, Alberto. Arrufo, Javier. < Arseno, Manuel. Arzeno, Juan. Baoigalupo, Luis. Balcarce, Jos6. Bagley & Co., M. S., grocerc Baker, Edward L. Ballauf, Eraesto. Barcelo, Bomingo P. Barras, Lorenzo. Barreiro, Juan. Barrera, Antoi^iow Barrios, Jos6 de. Barserque, M. Bartram, W. B. Baumann, G. Belaustegui, Francisco, Bell & Sons, George. Berasategui, Martin. Bemberg & Co., O. Bergalleni, Juan. Bemasconi, Ernesto S. ' Bieckert's Brewery Co. Binaghi, Julio M. Bissone, P. Bolla, Vicente P. Bonorino, Martiniano. Eoote, Samuel, paints. Borzone, Bsteban. Bowers & Co., Charles S. Bradford & Co., J., manufactuiers of tuya' clothing. Bradley, Ernesto. BriUabrUle, Apolinario. Broucas, B. Burmester, I. "W. Burzaco, A., hardwaro. Busana, Bavid. Cadret, ManneL Cafferata, IS. ■ Calvino, Jo86. Camozzi, Juan B. Carballo, M. Jos6. Carranza, Acosta Adolfow Carreras, Manuel de laa. Carreras, S&bas P. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 417 BUENOS AIRES— Continued. iferchants, general — Continued. Casanova, Cayetano. CasanoTas, Jos6. Caanretto, Juan. Casselrt, King &. Co., stoves, coal, etc. Castillo, MaiLuel. Caulliez, Henry. Cayol, E. Ce»taro Hnos. Clulda, Saunders y Ca., cutlery. Chiqnierin, Francisco. Cililoz y Ca, Martinez. Clarl'eld, Fedeiico. Close & Son, J. H. Coll, Fco. Con;i7./>i, Cdrlos. Clint ritti, Pedro, jewelry. Cook, Federico A . M. Cornejo, Luis F. Cornea o, Pedro. Cowes & Browne. Crassiello, A. Croc6, Santiago. Crotlier &. Co. Cnrtin, J. CLark, petroleum. D'Acosta, M. Debat, Pedro. Deltino, A. M. Devoto, Eocha & Co. Diaz. Jos6 A. Diego de Castro. Drysdale, Thomas, general hardware. Duhalde, Santiago J. Dnprat, C&tIos. Duprat Luis. Durap, Jorge. Eam^haw y Ca. English Book Exchange. Fernandez, Baldomero. Fernandez, Enrique. Fernandez. ManueL Ferro, Jos6. Figneroa, Juan. Fortune, M. G. Gambaudi, Sebastiano. Garat. Luciano. Gerlach, Eugenio. Gomez, Gerardo. Gonzales, A'^iistin. Goth. G*. arm.s and ammunition. Grandolfi &. Moss. Grilnbein, A. Haitze. Juan B. Hale & Co.. S. B. Hall &, Ca., Juan O.. teas. Bull. 67 27 BUENOS AIEES-foTilinued. Mereka/nts, general — Continued. Hanioiii^t, Gustave, florist. Harilaos, K. y H. Hasseiinann, Enrique L. Henry. Fay & Co. Hemes, Apesteguy. Hodsall, John, hardwriro. Homes. Acoli.al &, Co. Howard, L. F. Hoyiner, Juan. Boecker, Maximo. Isla, J.Juan. Jerran. Eduardo. Kaufman, Pitre, Franciaco. Bepetto, Noceti y Ca. Bizzi, Joa6. • SilversTtiitJis. Batrica, J. Benaasi, Lnis. Benatar, L. Biondi, Beneditto. Biondj, B., y J. Saaciat. Bontlionx, P. y E. Cantalupi, Salvadof. Capra, J., y Fagioli, G. A, Costa, Julio. CubelU 6 Hijo, Cuomo, Felipe. D'Atri, Cannelo. Diaz, Melauio. Fernandez y CasaL Ferrari, Agustln. < Franco, M&ximo. Fmgoni, D. Fucha, C&rlos y Frco. Foml. Eranier, Simon. Kramer, Isaao. Kempter y Stranbe. }*;icueho, Domingo. Marinelli, J036. M6galey Cia., B.J. Mina, A. G. Holinari, Vicente. Naaso, D., y G. Dezcalz(k Odoricio, Felipe. Gru-stein, R. Petn-agnani, J086. BUENOS AIEES— Continued. Silversmiths — Continued. Piutijilfiijt. Antonio, Pieir;il"es:u Jiiau. Pietrafeaa. ^li^uol. PodestA. A . PodestA. ICuriqua. I'miii. Frco. Karhotti. Cusar. Piiiz, Leonardo. Putra, Mi;riiel. San ilaruno, AngoL Servi, .los6 de. Suviria, Eusebio. Surgical inatrwnie.nt tnanvfactUT&T» Belleza, A. TailoTt. Amillis. Luis. Ash. Henry. Brown. J. Damas, A. McMillan & Co., J. Murray, A. Smart, Jamea. Wool depositoriet. Beaut em ps, F. B^cat, Eugenic P. Casado, P. De Barrera, Ma.*^!:! y Ca. Fougue y Dbios. Gnirand, Emilio. Jalabert, Fermin. Mani, Domingo. Marcou, Calisto. Orbiscay, CArlos. Perez, Jeronimo. Sanchez. Pedro. Taullard, A. Urmtia, G-, y Durrati, J- Kool and produce. Garraban & Bros., L. Kelsey ^'^ made the capital of the Republic 8 Province of 30 societies of foreigners I53 Butter, manufacture 99 Buttons, manufacture I05 C. Cabinet ministers '^ Candies, manufacture 9° Candles, manufacture '02 449 Bull. 67 29 450 INDEX. Page. Cataraarca, Province and city of 22 Cattle and sheep raising 69 Celman, President, features of his administration 9 Cement, manufacture 104 Chacabuco, battle of 5 Cheese, manufacture 99 Chile, railroad communication with Argentine Republic 113 Chocolate, manufacture 97 Chubut, territorial government 40 Colonies, contracts for 80 first one established by Swiss and French 81 laws relating to 87-89 statistics of 83 Combs, manufacture 105 Commerce, nine months of 1892 138 prospects for United States trade 136 reports and statistics 126 returns for whole year 1893 140 trade with United States 131, 143 Commercial directory of the Argentine Republic 39S-426 treaty with France 143 Congress of South American Republics at Montevideo g, 440 powers of 10 Constitution 10, 158 promulgated 7 Copper, manufacture 104 Cordials, manufacture loi Cordoba, Province and city of 25-27 university of 27 Corrientes, Province and city of 28, 29 Crops in 1892 no Customs regulations 188-195 D. Debt of the Argentine Republic j .c Docks at Buenos Aires -p Dry goods, manufacture jq. Dynamite, manufacture jq, E. Earthenware, manufacture jo . Education g. reforms of President Sarmiento - El Chaco, awarded to Paraguay _ territorial government „g INDEX. 45 1 Pap;e. English expeditions to Rio de la Plata 2 Entre Rios, Province of 21 Executive power 11 Exports , 135, 140, 142 tariff 187 F. Falkland Islands 43 Feathers, production 105 Finances of the Argentine Republic 145 Flour, manufacture 99 Foreigners, associations in Buenos Aires 153 legal and social status 148 Formosa, territorial government 36 France, commercial treaty with the Argentine Republic 143 Free list 187 Fruits, production 99 Furniture, manufacture 102 i G. Gas companies in Buenos Aires 56 Germany, trade with the Argentine Republic 131 Glass, manufacture 103 Gold, discoveries in Patagonia 42. 43 Gunpowder, manufacture 102 H. Hats, manufacture I04 Hides, production I03 Historical sketch ' Hospitals in Buenos Aires 68, 154 I. Immigration, Jewish settlements 9° laws relating to 87-89,148 recent phases 55 statistics ^5° Imports 133,140,142 duties -183,199-397 Independence of Spain » 3 Industries ^^ Ink, manufacture ^°^ 452 INDEX. Page. International American Conference, report on commerce between the United States and the Argentine Republic 122 report on proposed steamship lines 120 Iron, manufacture 104 J. Jewish immigration 9° Journalism 66 Judiciary 12 Jujuy, Province and city of 19 Junta, organized 3 L. Labor bureau 151 Land laws 87-89 prices, etc 80 La Pampa, territorial government 37 La Plata, city, growth of, etc 31 founded 8 La Rioja, Province and city of 23 Leather, production 103 Lime, production 104 Liqueurs, manufacture loi Literature 66 Lopez, dictatorial rule in Paraguay 7 M. Mails 124 Manufactures and other industries g3 Marble, production 104 Marriage, civil ceremony established 67 Matches, manufacture 105 Meat industry 69, 76 Mendoza, Province and city of 24 Metals, manufacture •. 104 Military academy gc Minerals [„ Mines and mining laws . ,, Mining academy g^ Misiones, territorial government ,. Mitre, President, alliance with Uruguay and Brazil against Paraguay . 7 Montevideo, fortress of , INDEX. 453 N. Page. Naval academy 65 Neuquen, territorial government 38 Newspapers 66 foreign, in Buenos Aires 152 O, Oil, manufacture 95 Olives, production 96 P. Palermo Park, Buenos Aires 48 Paper, manufacture 101 Paraguay, territorial award 7 war with the Argentine Republic 7 Paran4, city of 30 Patagonia, annexed to the Argentine Republic 8 Patent laws 42^ Pelligrini, Presideiit, features of his administration 9 Perfumery, manufacture 102 Petroleunl, duty removed from United States imports 132 Pickles, manufacture 98 Political organization and judiciary 10 Population, city of Buenos Aires 52 Pork, production 97 Postal facilities 124 Powder, manufacture 102 President of- the Republic, powers of 11 Printing establishments loi Provinces, form of government 10 resources, cities, etc 18 R. Railroads, first line in Patagonia 41 freight traffic 130 general summary and statistics 106 street lines in Buenos Aires 50 Transandine line between Buenos Aires and Valparaiso 113 Religion ^7 Rice, production 95 Rio de la Plata, discovered i Rio Negro, territorial government 39 Rivers 18 traffic on 130 454 INDEX. Page. Roca, Gen. administration as President 8 expedition in Patagonia ; 8 Rosario, city of i 28 Rosas, rule as dictator 6 S. Sacks, manufacture 104 Saenz Pena, Dr., report on Argentine commerce with United States. 122 President g Safes, manufacture 104 Saladeros , 72 Salt, production of 100 Salta, Province and city of 20 San Juan, Province and city of 23, 24 San Luis, Province and city of 25 San Martin, Don Jose de, general-in-chief of revolutionar}- army .... 4 Santa Cruz, territorial government ,. 41 Santa Fe, Province and city of 27, 28 Santiago del Estero, Province and city of 21 Sarmiento, President, measures introduced from the United States 7 Schools 63 Sheep industry gg Shipping 116 from United States and Argentine ports 131 statistics i^o Shirts, manufacture 104 Shoes, manufacture 103 Soap, manufacture 102 Societies of literature, science, etc ; g^ South American Congress n ^q Spirits of wine, manufacture joq Starch, manufacture q. Steamship lines j jg j jg Houston contract jj_ proposed line to United States jjq jjq Sugar, production _g le&aety ^^ T. Tariff of the Argentine Republic, 1893 jg, schedule of 1892 Telegraph lines , Territorial governments Tierra del Fuego, territorial government -2 Tobacco, production INDEX. 455 Page. Topography , i8 Trade-mark laws 429 Transandine railroad 113 Tucuman, Province and city of 20, 21 U. United States, duty on Argentine wool and hides 132 proposed steamship lines iig, 120 report on commerce with Argentine Republic 122 shipping in Argentine ports 131 trade with the Argentine Republic 131, 136, 143 Universities 65 Urquiza, Gen., leader of revolt against Rosas 6 President, efforts to attract immigration 80. Uruguay, independence guaranteed 6 V. Vermicelli, manufacture g8 Vinegar, production loi W. Wages 86, 87 Waterworks of Buenos Aires 54 Wines, production loi Woods, production 102 Wool and hides, United States duties 132 ZJ^:^^^^