Cornell Urn ver SI I y Ltbi.ii y 
 
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 The National Insurance Act, 1911 / 
 
 3 1924 003 752 189 
 
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 RELATIONS 
 
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THE 
 
 NATIONAL INSURANCE ACT, 
 
 1911./ 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES. 
 
 J. A. LOVAT-FRASER, M.A., LL.M., 
 
 Of Trinity Collc;^c, Caiuhridi^e, and of the Inner Temfle 
 and Soutli Wales Cirtnit, ^ V ; 
 
 BARRISTER- A]'-LA\V. 
 
 Author of " The Law relating to the Duties on Land Values!' 
 
 jl'onBon : 
 WATERLOW & SONS LIMITED, LONDON WALL 
 
 I 9 I 2. 
 
 4^ 
 
WATERLOW AND SONS LIMITED, 
 ; PRINTERS, 
 
 DUNSTABLE AND LONDON. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 THE National Insurance Act, 191 1, is 
 described as an Act to provide for insurance 
 against loss of health and for the prevention 
 and cure of sickness and for insurance against 
 unemployment, and for purposes incidental thereto. 
 It extends to the whole of the United Kingdom, 
 and comes into operation on 15th July, 191 2. It 
 is divided into three parts, 'viz., Part I, dealing 
 with National Health Insurance; Part II, dealing 
 with Unemployment Insurance; and Part III, 
 which is General. It is proposed to give in the 
 Introduction an outline of the principal provisions 
 of the Act, so that the readers may have some 
 idea of its scope and bearing, before studying it 
 in detail. Only an outline, however, is given, 
 and for .particulars the reader is referred to the 
 Act itself. 
 
 II. 
 
 NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE. 
 
 All workers, whether married or otherwise, and s. 1. 
 whether men or women, between the ages of 
 sixteen and sixty-five, are (with a few exceptions) 
 compelled to insure th^i*f^fl*ye9' against sickness 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and disablement. The excepted classes include, 
 Schedule. ^^^^^ ^'^'^^r persons employed by the Crown and 
 by public authorities, who are already provided 
 for in respect of sickness and disablement, ele- 
 mentary school teachers, soldiers and sailors, com- 
 mission agents, casual labourers, and persons 
 employed otherwise than by way of manual labour 
 Second' ^'^'^ receiving more than ^i6o a year. Men are 
 Schedule, required to pay fourpence per week and women 
 threepence. Employers are to contribute three- 
 pence, and the State is to contribute an amount 
 equal to two-ninths (or in the case of women one- 
 fourth) of the benefits. Where the workman does 
 not earn more , than two shillings and sixpence per 
 day, and does not receive board and lodging, he 
 pays at reduced rates in accordance with his wages. 
 Ss. 4, 7. The employer is to be responsible for the seven- 
 pence per week or sixpence in the case of a 
 woman, representing his own and the worker's 
 contribution. The workman is to have a card, 
 and the employer is periodically to affix stamps 
 representing the contributions on the card and to 
 deduct the workman's contribution from his waees. 
 s. I. There is also provision in the Act for the 
 
 insurance of workers who are not included in the 
 compulsory classes. Persons may insure volun- 
 tarily, if they are engaged in some regular 
 occupation and are dependent for their livelihood 
 on that occupation, or if they have been com- 
 pulsorily insured for five years. Persons cannot, 
 however, become voluntary contributors, if their 
 
INTRODUCTION. V 
 
 incomes exceed ^i6o a year. Voluntary con- 
 tributors have to pay not only the fourpence 
 payable by persons compulsorily insured, but also 
 the employer's contribution of threepence as well, 
 making" sevenpence in all, to which the State 
 adds its quota of twopence. These amounts only s. s- 
 apply if the voluntary insurers are under forty-five 
 years of age, and join within six months of the 
 passing of the Act. If they do not fulfil those 
 requirements, they have to pay on a scale 
 according to age. 
 
 The contributors are to get the benefits of 
 insurance either through "approved societies" or 
 through the Post Office. The aim of the legis- 
 lature is that the National Insurance scheme 
 should be worked through the Friendly Societies 
 and Trade Unions and other similar bodies, which 
 have been so valuable an element in English life. 
 Any Friendly Society or Trade Union or similar 
 body may become an approved society, provided 
 it fulfils the conditions set forth in sections 23, 
 26 and 27 of the Act. The approved societies 
 will not be asked to apply any of their existing 
 funds for the purposes of the Insurance scheme, 
 even though they have been contributed in respect 
 of benefits now included in that scheme. They s. 72. 
 will still have control of the funds which they 
 have accumulated, and will still be able to expend 
 them in certain ways authorised by the Act. 
 They will still be able to accept or reject s. 30. 
 members, as they think proper. 
 
Yl INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Ss. 42, 43? In the case of insured persons, who are not 
 members of approved societies or who, because of 
 bad health or other reasons, are rejected by those 
 societies, the contributions will be paid into the 
 Post Office. This .class will be known as 
 "Deposit Contributors," and will only be entitled 
 to draw out the amount of their own deposits, 
 which will, of course, be made up, of the con- 
 tributions of the depositors, themselves, their 
 employers, and the State. When the deposit is 
 exhausted, the benefits, with some slight ex- 
 ceptions, come to an end. 
 
 The benefits to be enjoyed by the insurers are 
 of two classes, minimum benefits, and additional 
 
 s. 8. benefits. The minimum benefits are as follows : — 
 
 ( 1 ) Medical benefit, or in other words, medical 
 attendance, including the provision of 
 medicines and appliances. 
 
 (2) Sanatorium benefit, or treatment in a sana- 
 
 torium. 
 
 (3) Sickness benefit, or periodical payments 
 
 whilst the insured person is rendered unfit 
 to provide his own maintenance by some 
 specific disease or mental or bodily dis- 
 ablement for a period not exceeding twenty- 
 six weeks from the fourth day of sickness. 
 
 (4) Disablement benefit or periodical payments 
 
 so long, as the insured person is rendered in- 
 capable of work by the disease or disable- 
 ment. 
 
INTRODUCTION. vu 
 
 (5) Maternity benefit, which is represented by 
 the payment of thirty shillings at the birth 
 of a child. 
 
 An unmarried person under the age of twenty- s. 9. 
 one will receive smaller benefits under (3) and 
 (4), unless he has some one dependent upon him. 
 Section 10 provides for reduced rates of benefits, s. 10. 
 when contributions are in arrear. No one can s. 34. 
 insure himself under the Act in more than one 
 approved society at the same time. 
 
 According to the actuarial calculations which 
 have been made, the proposed contributions will 
 provide a surplus of approximately ten per cent, 
 over and above the amounts required for the 
 payments of the minimum benefits and the costs 
 incident to the Act. This surplus will, if the 
 actuarial anticipations are realised, be made avail- 
 able for the grant of additional benefits. The Fourth 
 additional benefits will include, inter alia, free Part 11. ' 
 medical attendance for dependants ; payments to 
 distressed members ; increase of sickness and dis- 
 ablement benefits either in all cases or in the case 
 of married men with families ; allowances to a 
 member during convalescence ; building and main- 
 taining convalescent homes ; payment of pensions 
 or superannuation allowances ; extension of the 
 maternity benefit. Power is given by the Act to s. 13. 
 approved societies to substitute any of the addi- 
 tional benefits for sickness or disablement benefit 
 in certain cases, with the approval of the Insurance 
 Commissioners, 
 
vill INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The fact that additional benefits will be ob- 
 tained, if there is a surplus, will be an inducement 
 to the societies to administer their funds as 
 economically as possible, and to suppress malin- 
 gering. Any undue indulgence to malingerers 
 will mean that other members of the societies 
 s. 38. will be less likely to get additional benefits. If 
 there is a deficit, the societies will have to make 
 it good by a levy on the members or by reducing 
 or postponing the benefits. This also will help to 
 check malingering. 
 s. 36. A valuation of the assets and liabilities of every 
 
 approved society is to be made every three years 
 dating from the commencement of the Act (15th 
 s. 37. July, 191 2). If a surplus is found to exist, it 
 is to be devoted to additional benefits. If 
 the approved society is a society with branches, 
 the surplus is to be devoted first to securing the 
 solvency of all the branches of the society, and 
 then, subject to certain requirements set forth in 
 s. 38. section 37, to additional benefits. If there is a 
 deficit, it has already been stated that it will be 
 made up by a compulsory levy or by reducing or 
 postponing the benefits. 
 s. 9. The Act requires the societies to grant reduced 
 
 sickness and disablement benefits in cases where 
 the full benefits would be more than two-thirds of 
 the wages earned by the insured person. Com- 
 pensation for the . reduction is made by the grant 
 of one or more additional benefits of a value 
 s. 8. equivalent to the reduction. The Act provides 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 that insured persons must wait twenty-six weeks 
 before getting sickness benefit, and two years 
 before getting- disablement benefit. Sickness and s. n. 
 disablement benefits will not be given (except by 
 way of advance) to workmen who have been 
 injured and have received, or are entitled to 
 receive, compensation for the injury, unless the 
 compensation is of less value than the benefits. 
 Special provisions are made by section 1 2 in the s. 12. 
 case of contributors who are inmates of hospitals 
 and workhouses. Benefits cannot be sold, trans- s. m. 
 ferred, pledged, or assigned. 
 
 Persons over the age of sixty-five when the Act s. i. 
 passed, are not insurable, except to the slight 
 extent provided by section 49. Contributions and Ss. 4, 5, 
 the right to sickness and disablement benefit cease 
 when the insured persons reach the age of seventy, 
 when the Old Age Pensions become payable. 
 Women workers, whether married or single, must s. i. 
 insure under the Act. .Special provisions as to 
 married women are made by section 44. If a 
 woman marries and ceases to be employed, she 
 ceases to contribute or be insured. But if she 
 becomes a widow and goes into employment 
 again, she will be dntitled at once to rejoin the 
 insurance without paying any arrears and as if 
 she had been paying her contributions during 
 the whole period of marriage. 
 
 Special provisions are made as to aliens by 
 section 45 ; as to persons in the naval and military 
 service of the Crown, by section 46 ; as to persons 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 whose employers are liable to pay wages during 
 sickness, by section 47 ; as to the mercantile 
 marine, by section 48 ; as to seasonal trades, by 
 section 50 ; as to inmates of charitable homes, by 
 section 51 ; as to persons becoming certificated 
 teachers, by section 52 ; and as to other persons 
 in the service of the Crown, by section 53. The 
 financial provisions of the Insurance scheme and 
 the creation of the National Health Insurance 
 Fund are dealt with in sections 54, 55 and 56. 
 Special provisions are made with regard to 
 Scotland, Ireland, and Wales by sections 80, 81 
 and 82. 
 
 s. 57. Various new bodies will come into existence in 
 
 virtue of the Act. Insurance Commissioners will 
 be appointed by the Treasury to carry the pro- 
 
 s. 58- visions of the Act into effect. The Commissioners 
 will appoint Advisory Committees, who will give 
 the Insurance Commissioners "advice and assist- 
 ance in connexion with the making and altering 
 
 s. 59- of regulations '' under the Act. Insurance Com- 
 mittees are to be constituted in every county and 
 
 s. 14. county borough, whose duty it shall be to 
 administer medical and sanatorium benefit in all 
 cases, and sickness, disablement, and maternity 
 benefit in the case of deposit contributors. The 
 Committees are to make arrangements with medical 
 men and druggists and with managers of sanatoria 
 
 s, 60. in accordance with sections 15 and 16. They are 
 also to make reports on the health of insured 
 persons and to provide for the publication of 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 information on questions relating to health. Local s. 62 
 Medical Committees may be formed by the 
 medical men in a district and may be consulted 
 by the Insurance Committees. 
 
 Such, in brief, are the principal provisions of 
 the Act in so far as it affects Health Insurance. 
 
 III. 
 
 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE. 
 
 The scheme of insurance against unemployment, 
 embodied in Part II of the Act, provides for the 
 compulsory insurance of workmen employed in. 
 certain specified trades. Those trades are Building, Sixth 
 
 ■^ _ _ ° Schedule 
 
 Construction of Works, Shipbuilding, Mechanical 
 
 Engineering, Ironfounding, Construction of Vehicles, 
 
 and Sawmilling. The workman will contribute Schedule. 
 
 . s. 85. 
 
 twopence halfpenny per week, 'and the employer 
 
 the same. The State will contribute an amount 
 equal to one-third of the total contributions of 
 workmen and employers. Where the workman is 
 under eighteen years of age, he and his employer 
 will contribute one penny weekly. The unemploy- t^l^d^\ 
 ment benefit will be seven shillings per week, but 
 no workman will receive benefit for more than 
 fifteen weeks in any one year, nor for the first 
 week of unemployment. There are special pro- 
 visions as to benefits for workmen under eighteen 
 years of age. Subject to certain exceptions laid 
 down in the Schedule, no workman is to receive 
 more unemployment benefit than in the proportion 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of one week's benefit for every five contributions 
 paid by him. 
 
 s. 87. A workman will not receive unemployment 
 
 benefit during a stoppage of work, which, is due 
 to a trade dispute at the premises where he is 
 employed. If he loses his employment through 
 misconduct, he will not receive unemployment 
 benefit for six weeks after he so became unem- 
 
 s. 86. ployed. A workman, who wishes to obtain 
 unemployment benefit, must prove that he has been 
 employed in an insured trade in each of not less 
 than twenty-six separate weeks in the preceding" 
 
 Ss. 89, 90. five years. Provision is made by sections 89 and 
 90 for the appointment of insurance officers, 
 umpire, and courts of referees, by whom the un- 
 employment insurance scheme will be administered. 
 
 IV. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 s. iq8. Part 1 1 1 of the Act contains several miscellaneous 
 
 provisions. It provides for the preparation and 
 
 s. 109. issue of stamps ; for excluding" consideration of 
 any benefit under the Act, when Boards of 
 Guardians are making a grant of out-door relief, 
 except in so far as the benefit exceeds five 
 
 S. no. shillings a week ; for giving priority to claims 
 for contributions due by bankrupt employers ; 
 
 s. III. for making unemployment benefits inalienable; for 
 
 s. 1 12. inspection of workplaces so as to see that the 
 cards of men engaged are being duly stamped ; 
 
 s. 113. and for making special orders. 
 
NATIONAL INSURANCE ACT, 191 1, 
 
 [i & 2 Geo. V, c. 55.] 
 
 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. 
 
 Part I. 
 National Health Insurance. 
 
 Insured Persons. 
 
 Section. ^ 
 
 1. Insured persons. 
 
 2. Exemptions. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 3. Contributions by insured persons, employers, and the 
 
 Treasury. 
 
 4. Rates and rules for contributions by employed con- 
 
 tributors and their employers. 
 
 5. Rates and rules for contributions by voluntary con- 
 
 tributors. 
 
 6. Change from voluntary rate to employed rate and vice 
 
 versa. 
 
 7. Power to make regulations for the payment of contribu- 
 
 tions. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 8. Benefits. 
 
 9. Reduced rates of benefit in certain cases. 
 
 10. Reduced rates of benefits where contributions are in 
 
 arrear, 
 
 11. Provisions in the case of contributors entitled to com- 
 
 pensation or damages. 
 
 B 
 
2 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Section. 
 
 12. Provisions in the case of contributors who are inmates 
 
 of hospitals, &c. 
 
 13. Power to vary benefits in certain cases. 
 
 Administration of Benefits. 
 
 14. Benefits to be administered by approved societies or 
 
 the Insurance Committee. 
 
 15. Administration of medical benefit. 
 
 16. Administration of sanatorium benefit. 
 
 17. Power to extend sanatorium benefit to dependants. 
 
 18. Administration of maternity benefit. 
 
 19. Punishment of husband in certain cases of neglect. 
 
 20. Reinsurance for the purposes of maternity benefit. 
 
 21. Power to subscribe to hospitals, &c. 
 
 22. Power of councils of boroughs and districts to contribute 
 
 to certain expenditure on medical and sanatorium 
 benefits. 
 
 Approved Societies. 
 
 23. Conditions for the approval of approved societies. 
 
 24. Power of societies to undertake business under Part I. 
 
 25. Special provisions for employers' provident funds, &c. 
 
 26. Security to be given by approved societies. 
 
 27. Provisions as to approved societies. 
 
 28. Secessions, &c. 
 
 29. Withdrawal of approval. 
 
 Membership of Approved Societies and Transfer of Members. 
 
 30. Admission of insured persons to membership in approved 
 
 societies. 
 
 31. Transfer from one approved society to another. 
 
 32. Transfers to foreign and colonial societies. 
 
 33. Transfer values of emigrants who remain members of 
 
 approved societies. 
 
 34. Prohibition against double insurance. 
 
Arrangement of Sections. 
 Accounts .■ Valuations : Surplus and Deficit. 
 
 Section. 
 
 35. Approved societies to keep proper accounts. 
 
 36. Valuations of approved societies. 
 
 37. Surplus. 
 
 38. Deficit. 
 
 39. Pooling arrangements in the case of small societies. 
 
 40. Special provisions with regard to societies with branche^. 
 
 41. Power to separate men's and women's funds. 
 
 Deposit Insurance. 
 
 42. Provisions as to deposit contributors. 
 
 43. Transfer from approved society to deposit insurance and 
 
 vice versa. 
 
 Provisions as to Special Classes of Insured Persons. 
 
 44. Special provisions with respect to married women. 
 
 45. Special provisions as to aliens. 
 
 46. Special provisions with regard to persons in the naval 
 
 and military service of the Crown. 
 
 47. Special provisions where employer liable to pay wages 
 
 during sickness. 
 
 48. Special provisions as to the mercantile marine. 
 
 49. Provisions as to men over sixty-five at commenceinent 
 
 of Act. 
 
 50. Special provisions as to seasonal trades. 
 
 51. Special provisions as to inmates of charitable homes, &c. 
 
 52. Special provision as to persons becoming certificated 
 
 teachers. 
 
 53. Application to other persons in the service of the Crown. 
 
 Financial Provisions. 
 
 54. National Health Insurance Fund. 
 
 55. Reserve values. 
 
 56. Transactions between the Insurance Commissioners and 
 
 societies. 
 
 B2 
 
4 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Insurance Commissioners : Advisory Committee. 
 
 Section, 
 
 57. Constitution of Insurance Commissioners, appointment 
 
 of inspectors, &c. 
 
 58. Appointment of advisory committee. 
 
 Insurance Committees. 
 
 59. Appointment of Insurance Committees. 
 
 60. Powers and duties of Insurance Committees. 
 
 61. Income. 
 
 62. Local medical committees. 
 
 . Excessive Sickness. 
 
 63. Inquiries into causes of excessive sickness, &c. 
 
 Supplementary Provisions. 
 
 64. Provision of sanatoria, &c. 
 
 65. Power to Insurance Commissioners to make regula- 
 
 tions, &c. 
 
 66. Determination of questions by Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 67. Disputes. 
 
 68. Protection against distress and execution in certain cases. 
 
 69. Offences. 
 
 70. Civil proceedings against employer for neglecting to pay 
 
 contributions. 
 
 71. Repayment of benefits improperly paid. 
 
 72. Provisions as to application of existing funds of friendly 
 
 societies. 
 
 73. Provisions as to existing employers' provident funds. 
 
 74. Provisions as to minors who are members of approved 
 
 societies. 
 
 75. Power for societies to register under Friendly Societies 
 
 Act, 1896. 
 
 76. Application of Acts of Parliament to approved societies 
 
 and sections. 
 
Arrangement of Sections, 
 
 Section. 
 
 77. Powers of the Local Government Board. 
 
 78. Power to remove difficulties. 
 
 79. Interpretation. 
 
 80. Application to Scotland. 
 
 81. Application to Ireland. 
 
 82. Establishment of Commissioners for Wales. 
 
 83. Joint Committee of Commissioners. 
 
 Part II. 
 Unemployment Insurance. 
 
 84. Right of workmen in insured trades to unemployment 
 
 benefit. 
 
 85. Contributions by, workmen, employers, and the Treasury. 
 
 86. Statutory conditions for receipt of unemployment benefit. 
 
 87. Disqualifications for unemployment benefit. 
 
 88. Determination of claims. 
 
 89. Appointment of umpire, insurance officers, inspectors, &c. 
 
 90. Courts of referees. 
 
 91. Regulations. 
 
 92. Unemployment fund. 
 
 93. Treasury advances. 
 
 94. Refund of part of contributions paid by employer in 
 
 the case of workmen continuously employed. 
 
 95. Repayment of part of contributions by workmen in 
 
 certain cases. 
 
 96. Refund of contributions paid in respect of workmen 
 
 working short time. 
 
 97. Saving for occasional employment in rural neighbour- 
 
 hoods. 
 
 98. Payment of contributions in case of Reservists or Terri- 
 
 torials during training. 
 
 99. Provisions with respect to workmen engaged through 
 
 labour exchanges. 
 100. Subsidiary provisions, 
 loi. Offences and proceedings for recovery of contributions, 
 
 &c. 
 
6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Section. 
 
 102. Periodical revision of rates of contribution. 
 
 103. Power to extend to other trades. 
 
 104. Exclusion of subsidiary occupations. • 
 
 105. Arrangements with associations of workmen in insured 
 
 trade who make payments to members whilst unem- 
 ployed. 
 
 106. Repayments to associations who make payments to 
 
 persons, whether workmen in insured trade or not, 
 whilst unemployed. 
 
 107. Interpretation and application. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 General. 
 
 108. Provisions as to stamps. 
 
 109. Outdoor relief. 
 
 no. Priority of claims , for contributions due by bankrupt 
 employers. 
 
 111. Benefits to be inalienable. 
 
 112. Powers of inspectors. 
 
 113. Procedure for making special orders. 
 
 114. Provisions as to birth certificates. 
 
 115. Short title and commencement. 
 Schedules. 
 
Hn Hct 
 
 To provide for Insurance against Loss of Health 
 and for the Prevention and Cure of Sickness 
 and for Insurance against Unemployment, 
 and for purposes incidental thereto. 
 I & 2 Geo. V, c. 55.] \^i6th December, iqii. 
 
 BE it enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords 
 Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present 
 Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, 
 as follows : — 
 
 Part I, 
 
 NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE. 
 Insured Persons. 
 
 Insured Persons. 
 
 1. — (i) Subject to the provisions of this Act, all 
 persons of the age of sixteen and upwards who are 
 employed within the meaning of this Part of this Act 
 shall be, and any such persons who are not so employed 
 but who possess the qualifications herein-after mentioned 
 may be, insured in manner provided in this Part of this 
 Act, and all persons so insured (in this Act called 
 " insured persons ") shall be entitled in the manner and 
 subject to the conditions provided in this Act to the 
 benefits in respect of health insurance and prevention 
 of sickness conferred , by this Part of this Act. 
 
" National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) The persons employed within the meaning of this 
 Part of this Act (in this Act referred to as "employed 
 contributors") shall include all persons of either sex, 
 whether British subjects or not, who are engaged in 
 any of the employments specified in Part I. of the 
 First Schedule to: this Act, not being employments 
 specified in Part II. of that Schedule : 
 
 Provided that the Insurance Commissioners herein-after 
 constituted may, with the approval of the Treasury, by 
 a special order made in manner herein-after provided, 
 provide for including amongst the persons employed 
 within the meaning of this Part of this Act any 
 persons engaged in any of the excepted employments 
 specified in Part II. of the said Schedule either 
 unconditionally or subject to such conditions as may 
 be specified in the order. 
 
 (3) The persons not employed within the meaning of 
 this. Part of this Act who are entitled to be insured 
 persons include all persons who either — 
 
 {a) are engaged in sorrie regular occupation and are 
 wholly or mainly dependent for their livelihood 
 on the earnings derived by them from that 
 occupation ; or 
 (^) have been insured persons for a period of five 
 years or upwards ; 
 and the persons possessing such qualifications who 
 become or continue to be insured persons are in this 
 Act referred to as voluntary contributors : Provided 
 always that no person whose total income from all' 
 sources exceeds one hundred and sixty pounds a year 
 shall be entitled to be a voluntary contributor unless he 
 has been insured under this Part of this Act for a 
 period of five years or upwards. 
 
 (4) Except as herein-after provided, nothing in this 
 section shall require or authorise a person of the agei 
 
Sections i, 2, j. . 9 
 
 of sixty-five or upwards not previously insured under 
 this Part of this Act to become so insured. 
 
 Exemptions. 
 
 2. — (i) Where any person employed within the 
 meaning of this part of this Act proves that he is either — 
 {a) in receipt of any pension or income of the 
 annual value of twenty-six pounds or upwards 
 not dependent upon his personal exertions ; or 
 {b) ordinarily and mainly dependent for his livelihood 
 upon some other person, 
 he shall be entitled to a certificate exempting him from 
 the liability to become or to continue to be insured 
 under this Part of this Act. 
 
 (2) All claims for exemption shall be made to, and 
 certificates of exemption granted by, the Insurance Com- 
 missioners in the prescribed manner and subject to the 
 prescribed conditions, and may be so made and granted 
 before, as well as after, the comnriencement of this Act : 
 Provided that the regulations of the Insurance Com- 
 missioners may provide for claims under this section being 
 made to and certificates granted by approved societies 
 and Insurance Committees herein-after constituted. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Contributions by insured persons, employers, and the Treasury. 
 3. Except as otherwise provided by this Act, the 
 funds for providing the benefits conferred by this Part 
 of this Act and defraying the expenses of the adminis- 
 tration of those benefits shall be derived as to seven- 
 ninths (or, in the case of women, three-fourths) thereof 
 from contributions made by or in respect of the con- 
 tributors by themselves or their employers, and as to 
 the remaining two-ninths (or, in the case of women, one 
 quarter) thereof from moneys provided by Parliament. 
 
10 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Rates and rules for contributions by employed contributors 
 and their employers, 
 
 4. — (i) The contributions payable in respect of em- 
 ployed contributors shall be at the rate specified in 
 Part I. of the Second Schedule to this Act (herein-after 
 referred to as the employed rate), and shall comprise 
 contributions by the contributors and contributions by 
 their employers at the rates specified in that Part of that 
 Schedule, and shall be payable at weekly or other 
 prescribed intervals : 
 
 Provided that, in the case of an employed contributor of 
 the age of twenty-one or upwards whose remuneration does 
 not include the provision of board and lodging by the em- 
 ployer and the rate of whose remuneration does not exceed 
 two shillings a working day, such part of the contributions 
 payable in respect of him as is specified in the said schedule 
 shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament. 
 
 (2) The employer shall, in the first instance, pay both 
 the contributions payable by himself (in this Act referred 
 to as the employer's contributions), and also on behalf 
 of the employed contributor the contributions payable 
 by such contributor, and shall be entitled to recover from 
 the contributor by deduction from his wages or otherwise 
 the amount of the contributions so paid by him on 
 behalf of the contributor, in accordance with the rules 
 set out in the Third Schedule to this Act. 
 
 The system of collecting contributions was explained by the Attorney- 
 General in his speech on the second reading of the Act. Briefly, the 
 employer will, in the first instance, pay his own and the employe's con- 
 tribution, deducting the latter from the next payment of wages. These 
 contributions will be paid by means of the purchase of a stamp at the" 
 Post Office, the stamp being fixed to the employe's card. The card will 
 be made current for a fixed period, and will be handed over at the end 
 of the period by the insured person to his Society. The stamped card 
 becomes a voucher furnishing evidence that contributions have been duly 
 paid, as it passes first from the employer to the insured person and then 
 from him to his Society ; and finally from the Society to the Commissioners 
 having custody of the insurance funds. 
 
Sections 4., 5. 11 
 
 The person who first employs a contributor in the week is frimd facie 
 the person who will pay the employer's contribution. Where a man works 
 for A for two days of the week, and works for B or remains idle for the 
 other four, A will have to deduct the man's contribution of fourpence 
 from his wages and pay the employer's quota of threepence. See Third 
 Schedule ($). 
 
 (3) Contributions in respect of employed contributors 
 shall cease to be payable on their attaining the age of 
 seventy, 
 
 (4) The employer of a person who though employed 
 within the meaning of this Part of this Act is not insured 
 under this Part of this Act by reason either — 
 
 {a) that, not having previously been an insured person, 
 he has become employed within the meaning of 
 this Part of this Act after attaining the age of 
 sixty-five ; or 
 (b) that he has obtained and still holds a certificate 
 of exemption under this Part of this Act ; 
 shall be liable to pay the like contributions as would 
 have been payable as employer's contributions if such 
 person had been an employed contributor, and such 
 contributions shall be carried to such account and dealt 
 with in such manner as may be prescribed by regulations 
 made by the Insurance Commissioners, and those regula- 
 tions may provide for applying the sums standing to the 
 credit of the account, or any part thereof, for the benefit 
 of any persons in respect of whom contributions have 
 been so paid, in the event of such persons subsequently 
 becoming employed contributors. 
 
 Rates and rules for contributions by voluntary contributors. 
 
 5.— (i) The contributions payable by voluntary con- 
 tributors shall be at the rate appropriate to their age at 
 the date of their entry into insurance ascertained in 
 accordance with a table to be prepared by the Insurance 
 Commissioners (herein-after referred to as the voluntary 
 
12 National Insurance Act. 
 
 rate) and shall be paid by the voluntary contributors at 
 
 weekly or other prescribed inteivals : 
 Provided that — 
 
 {a) In the case of a person who enters into insurance 
 within six months after the commencement of 
 this Act, the voluntary rate shall, if he is below 
 the age of forty-five at the date of entering into 
 insurance, be the same as the employed rate, and 
 if he is of the age of forty-five or upwards, be 
 such rate, ascertained according to a table to be 
 prepared by the Insurance Commissioners, as, 
 having regard to his age at that date, will be 
 sufficient to cover seven-ninths, or, in the case of 
 a woman, three-fourths, of the benefits conferred 
 by this Part of this Act ; 
 (b) Where a person, having been an employed con- 
 tributor for five years or upwards, becomes a 
 voluntary contributor, the rate of contribution 
 payable by him shall continue to be the 
 employed rate. 
 
 The " employed rate " is, of course, sevenpence per week for men and 
 sixpence for women. 
 
 (2) Contributions by voluntary contributors shall cease 
 to be payable on their attaining the age of seventy. 
 
 Change from voluntary rate to employed rate and vice versdt 
 6. — (i) Where an insured person has become a member 
 of an approved society as a voluntary contributor, the rate 
 of contributions payable in respect of him shall, notwith- 
 standing that he becomes employed within the meaning 
 of this Part of this Act, remain the voluntary rate, unless 
 at any time after becoming so employed he gives notice 
 in the prescribed manner of his wish to be transferred to 
 the employed rate. 
 
Sections J, 6. 13 
 
 (2) Where he gives such notice the rate payable in 
 respect of him shall be the employed rate, but in such case 
 the rate of sickness benefit payable in respect of him 
 shall be such reduced rate as would have been payable 
 had he not previously been insured, subject to such 
 addition as may according to tables prepared by the 
 Insurance Commissioners, represent the value at that time 
 of the contributions previously paid by him. 
 
 (3) Where he does not give such notice, and until he 
 does so, the contributions payable by his employer in 
 respect of him during any period of employment within 
 the meaning of this Part of this Act shall be the same as 
 if he had been transferred to the employed rate, and the 
 contributions so paid by the employer shall be treated as 
 in part satisfaction of the contributions at the voluntary 
 rate payable by the contributor, and, if the contributor 
 fails to pay the balance, he shall be deemed to be in arrear 
 to that extent. 
 
 The effect of this subsection is that, if a, voluntary contributor becomes 
 employed and continues to pay the voluntary rate, the employer will have 
 to pay his quota of threepence, which will go in part satisfaction of the 
 insured person's payment. If the insured person has been paying a voluntary 
 rate of jrd., the employer will pay threepence, and the insured person will pay 
 xd. less 3d. 
 
 (4) Where an employed contributor within five years 
 from his entry into insurance ceases to be employed within 
 the meaning of this Part of this Act and becomes a volun- 
 tary contributor, he shall be deemed to be in arrear, as 
 from the date when he so became a voluntary contributor, 
 to the amount of the difference between the aggregate 
 contributions paid by or in respect of him since his entry 
 into insurance and the aggregate of the contributions 
 which would have been payable by him had he throughout 
 been a voluntary contributor, and the difference between 
 any reserve value which is credited to the approved society 
 of which he is a member in respect of him and the reserve 
 
14 National Insurance Act. 
 
 value (if any) which would have been credited to that 
 society in respect of him had he originally become a 
 voluntary contributor shall be cancelled. 
 
 , Power to make regulations for the payment of contributions. 
 ■ 7. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Insurance 
 Commissioners may make regulations providing for any 
 rnatters incidental to the payment and collection of con- 
 tributions payable under this Part of this Act, and in 
 particular for — • 
 
 (a) payment of contributions whether by means of 
 adhesive or other stamps affixed to or impressed 
 upon books or cards, or otherwise, and regulating 
 the manner, times, and conditions in, at and 
 under which such Stamps are to be affixed or 
 impressed or payments are otherwise to be 
 made ; 
 (^) the entry in or upon books or cards of particulars 
 of contributions paid and benefits distributed in 
 the case of the insured persons to whom such 
 books or cards belong ; 
 (c) the issue, sale, custody, production, and delivery 
 up of books or cards and the replacement of 
 books or cards which have been lost, destroyed, 
 or defaced. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 8. — (i) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the benefits 
 conferred by this Part of this Act upon insured persons 
 are — 
 
 {a) Medical treatment and attendance, including the 
 provision of proper and sufficient medicines, and 
 such medical and surgical appliances as may be 
 prescribed by regulations to be made by the 
 
Sections 6, 7, <?. 15 
 
 Insurance Commissioners (in this Act called 
 " medical benefit ") ; . 
 
 {b) Treatment in sanatoria or other institutions or 
 otherwise when suffering from tuberculosis, or 
 such other diseases as the Local Government 
 Board with the approval of the Treasury may- 
 appoint (in this Act called " sanatorium benefit") ; 
 
 {c) Periodical payments whilst rendered incapable of 
 work by some specific disease or by bodily or 
 mental disablement, of which notice has been 
 given, commencing from the fourth day after 
 being so rendered incapable of work, and con- 
 tinuing for a period not exceeding twenty-six 
 weeks (in this Act called " sickness benefit ") ; 
 See Fourth Schedule, Part I., for amounts payable in sickness benefit. 
 
 Sickness benefit will be given only in cases of complete inability to earn, at 
 any employment, whether the insured person's usual employment or any other. 
 
 {d) In the case of the disease or disablement con- 
 tinuing after the determination of sickness benefit, 
 periodical payments so long as so rendered ' 
 incapable of work by the disease or disablement 
 (in this Act called " disablement benefit ") ; 
 
 See Fourth Schedule, Part I., for amounts payable in disablement benefit. 
 
 {e) Payment in the case of the confinement of the 
 
 wife or, where the child is a posthumous child, of 
 
 the widow of an insured person, or of any other 
 
 woman who is an insured person, of a sum of 
 
 thirty shillings (in this Act called " maternity 
 
 benefit ") ; 
 
 A person, who desires a larger payment at his wife's confinement, may insure 
 for maternity benefit in addition to the provision under the Act, and the 
 maternity benefit under the Act is payable, irrespective of any sums which the 
 approved societies pay in respect of maternity benefit apart from the Act. 
 
 (/) In the case of persons entitled under this Part of 
 this Act to any of the further benefits mentioned 
 
1 6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 in Part II. of the Fourth Schedule to this Act 
 (in this Act called " additional benefits ") such of 
 those benefits as they may be entitled to, 
 
 (2) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, 
 the rates of sickness benefit and disablement benefit to 
 which insured persons are entitled shall be the rates 
 specified in Part I. of the Fourth Schedule to this Act. 
 
 (3) In the case of insured persons who have attained the 
 age of seventy, the right td sickness benefit and disable- 
 ment benefit shall cease. 
 
 (4) No insured person shall be entitled to any benefit 
 during any period when he is resident either temporarily 
 or permanently outside the United Kingdom : 
 
 Provided that, if a person' is temporarily resident in the 
 Isle of Man. or the Channel Islands, he shall not, whilst so 
 resident, be disentitled to benefits other than medical 
 benefit, and that, if with the consent of the society or 
 committee by which the benefit is administered a person 
 is temporarily resident outside the United Kingdom 
 elsewhere than in the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands, 
 the society or committee may allow him, whilst so 
 resident, to continue to receive sickness or disablement 
 benefit, and that a person resident out of the United 
 Kingdom shall not be disentitled to maternity benefit in 
 respect of the confinement of his wife, if his wife at the 
 time of her confinement is resident in the United Kingdom. 
 
 (5) Where an insured person, having been in receipt of 
 sickness benefit, recovers from the disease or disablement 
 in respect of which he receives such benefit, any subsequent 
 disease or disablement, or a recun-ence of the same disease 
 or disablement, shall be deemed to be a continuation of the 
 previous disease or disablement, unless in the meanwhile a 
 period of at least twelve months has elapsed, and at least fifty 
 weekly contributions have been paid by or in respect of 
 him. 
 
Section 8. 17 
 
 (6) Where a woman confined of a child is herself an 
 insured person, and is a married woman, or, if the child is 
 a posthumous child, a widow, she shall be entitled to 
 sickness benefit or disablement benefit (as the case may be) 
 in respect of her confinement in addition to the maternity 
 benefit to which she or her husband may be entitled, but, 
 save as aforesaid, a woman shall not be entitled to sickness 
 benefit or disablement benefit for a period of four. weeks 
 after her . confinement, unless suffering from disease or 
 disablement not connected directly or indirectly with her 
 confinement. 
 
 Medical benefit shall not include any right to medical 
 treatment or attendance in respect of a confinement. 
 
 (7) Where a pension or superannuation allowance is 
 payable by an approved society in whole or in part as an 
 additional benefit under this Part of this Act, or out of any 
 fund to which contributions have been made in accordance 
 with paragraph (10) of Part II. of the Fourth Schedule 
 to this Act, it may be made a condition of the grant of 
 the pension or allowance that a member of the society 
 shall, whilst in receipt of such pension or allowance, be 
 excluded in whole or in part from his right to sickness 
 benefit and disablement benefit, or to either of such 
 benefits. 
 
 (8) Notwithstanding anything in this Part of this Act 
 no insured person shall be entitled — 
 
 (a) to medical benefit during the first six months 
 after the commencement of this Act ; 
 
 {b) to sickness benefit, unless and until twenty-six 
 weeks have elapsed since his entry into insurance, 
 and at least twenty-six weekly contributions have 
 been paid by or in respect of him ; 
 
 {c) to disablement benefit, unless and until one 
 hundred and four weeks have elapsed since his 
 entry into insurance, and at least one hundred 
 
1 8 National Insurance Act. 
 
 and four weekly contributions have been paid by 
 or in respect of him ; 
 {d) to maternity benefit, unless and until twenty-six, 
 or in the case of a voluntary contributor fifty-two, 
 weeks have elapsed since his entry into insurance, 
 and at least twenty-six, or in the case of a 
 voluntary contributor fifty-two, weekly contribu- 
 tions have been paid by or in respect of him. 
 
 The increase of the period in the case of voluntary contributors is to prevent 
 persons specially coming into the Insurance Scheme with a view to maternity 
 benefit. 
 
 (9) As soon as the sums credited to approved societies 
 as reserve values in respect of persons who enter into 
 insurance within one year after the commencement of this 
 Act have been written off in manner provided by this Part 
 of this Act, the benefits payable to insured persons under 
 this Part of this Act shall be extended in such manner as 
 Parliament may determine. 
 
 Reduced rates of benefit in certain cases. 
 
 9. — (i) In the case of insured persons who are under 
 the age of twenty-one years and unmarried, sickness 
 benefit and disablement benefit shall be at the reduced 
 rates specified in Table B in Part I. of the Fourth Schedule 
 to this Act : 
 
 Provided that where any such person being a member 
 of an approved society, proves that one or more members 
 of his family are wholly or mainly dependent upon him, 
 the society shall dispense with such reduction. 
 
 Persons under the age of twenty-one must pay full contributions, although 
 they receive reduced benefits. 
 
 (2) Where, in the case of any insured persons, the rate of 
 sickness benefit or disablement benefit (as the case may 
 
Sections 8, g. 19 
 
 be) exceeds two-thirds of the usual rate of wages or other 
 remuneration earned by such persons, the rate of such 
 benefit may be reduced to such an extent as the society or 
 committee administering the benefit, with the consent of 
 the Insurance Commissioners, determines ; but where such 
 reduction is made, provision shall be made by the society 
 or committee, with the like consent, for the grant of one 
 or more additional benefits of a value equivalent to such 
 reduction. 
 
 (3) The rate of sickness benefit shall be reduced in 
 accordance with Table C in Part I. of the Fourth Schedule 
 to this Act in the case of any insured person who becomes 
 an employed contributor within one year after the com- 
 mencement of this Act, and is at the date of so becoming 
 an employed contributor of the age of fifty years or 
 upwards, and the number of weekly contributions paid by 
 or in respect of him is, at the date of any claim by him for 
 such benefit, less than five hundred. 
 
 (4) In the case of every person who, not having been 
 previously insured under this Part of this Act, becomes an 
 employed contributor subsequently to the expiration of 
 one year from the commencement of this Act, and is, at 
 the time of so becoming an employed contributor, of the 
 age of seventeen or upwards, the rate of sickness benefit to 
 which he is entitled shall (unless he proves that his time 
 since he attained the age of seventeen has been spent in a 
 school or college, in indentured apprenticeship or otherwise 
 under instruction without wages, or otherwise in the 
 completion of his education, or unless he undertakes 
 himself to pay the difference between the voluntary rate 
 and the employed rate, or pays to the Insurance Com- 
 missioners, to be credited to the Society, such capital 
 sum as will be sufficient to secure him benefits at the 
 full rate) be such reduced rate as may be fixed in 
 accordance with tables to be prepared by the Insurance 
 
20 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Commissioners, but not in any case less than five shillings 
 a week : 
 
 Provided that if at any time subsequently such person 
 would become entitled to sickness benefit at a higher rate 
 if he were treated as having become an employed con- 
 tributor as from the time when he attained the age of 
 seventeen, or as from the expiration of one year after the 
 commencement of this Act, whichever date may be the 
 later, and as being in arrear for all contributions which, 
 had he become an employed contributor at that date, 
 would have been payable in respect of him between that 
 date and the date when he actually became an employed 
 contributor, he shall, if he so elects, be entitled to be so 
 treated. 
 
 This subsection reduces sickness benefit only and does not modify the right 
 of persons in the circumstances described to disablement benefit. 
 
 Reduced rates of benefits where contributions are in arrear. 
 
 10. — (i) Where an insured person being a member of 
 an approved society is in arrear to an amount greater than 
 thirteen weekly contributions a year on the average since 
 his entry into insurance, his right to benefits under this 
 Part of' this Act other than medical benefit, sanatorium 
 benefit, and maternity benefit shall be suspended, and, 
 where he is in arrears to an amount greater than twenty-six 
 weekly contributions a year on the average since his entry 
 into insurance, his right to medical benefit, sanatorium 
 benefit, and maternity benefit shall be suspended, and at 
 the expiration of the calendar year next after the date 
 when he becomes suspended from all benefits any sums 
 credited to the society in respect of him, calculated in 
 the prescribed manner, shall, if his right to benefits 
 still continues to be suspended, be carried to such account 
 and dealt with in such manner as may be prescribed 
 for the benefit (except so far as such sums comprise 
 
Sections g, lo. 21 
 
 sums in i-espect of a reserve value) of the society or 
 any other society to which such person may subsequently 
 be transferred : 
 
 Provided that if at any time after suspension from any 
 such benefits he becomes employed within the meaning of 
 this Part of this Act he shall be entitled to those benefits 
 at such rate, after the lapse of such time and after the 
 payment of such number of contributions, as would have 
 been applicable to his case had he not previously been an 
 insured person, but, if he so elects at any time, the benefits 
 to which he is entitled shall be such as he would be entitled 
 to, were the period from the time of his original entry into 
 insurance taken as a whole. 
 
 (2) Where an employed contributor claiming sickness 
 benefit is at the date of such claim in arrears but the 
 arrears are less than as aforesaid, then the rate of 
 sickness benefit shall be reduced to a sum not less than 
 five shillings a week, or the time when sickness benefit 
 commences deferred, proportionately to the amount of 
 arrears in accordance with the table in the Fifth Schedule 
 to this Act. 
 
 (3) Where a voluntary contributor is in arrears he shall 
 be liable to such proportionate reduction of benefits as 
 may be prescribed. 
 
 (4) In calculating arrears of contributions, no account 
 shall be taken of any arrears accruing — 
 
 {a) during any period when the person in question 
 has been, or but for this section or any other 
 provision of this Act disentitling a person to 
 such benefit, would have been, in receipt of 
 sickness benefit or disablement benefit ; or 
 
 {b) in the case of a woman, who, being an insured 
 person, is herself entitled to maternity benefit 
 during two weeks before and four weeks after 
 her delivery, or in the case of maternity benefit 
 
22 National Insurance Act. 
 
 payable in respect of the posthumous child of 
 
 an insured person, during the period subsequent 
 
 to the father's death ; or 
 (c) in the case of an employed contributor, during 
 
 the first twelve months after the commencement 
 
 of this Act ; 
 but, save as aforesaid, contributions shall be deemed to 
 be payable in respect of every week from the date of 
 entry into insurance. 
 
 (5) Where an insured person has paid any arrears of 
 contributions payable by or in respect of him which 
 accrued during the calendar year current at the date 
 of payment and the previous calendar }'ear, he shall be 
 treated for the purposes of this section as if the arrears 
 so paid had never become due : 
 
 Provided that, if such person is at the date of payment 
 or subsequently within one month thereafter becomes 
 incapable of work by reason of disease or disablement, 
 he shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed tc^ 
 be still in arrear in respect of the amount so paid until 
 after the expiration of one month from the date of 
 such payment. 
 
 The arrears to be paid must include the employer's contribution. 
 
 (6) Any approved society may, if it thinks fit, excuse 
 any part of the arrears which may have accrued due by 
 or in respect of any member who is an employed 
 contributor during any period of unemployment not 
 exceeding such part as would have been payable by the 
 employer had the member continued in his last employ- 
 ment, and in such case the amount of the arrears of 
 that member shall be reduced accordingly. 
 
 (7) The average amount of arrears for the purposes 
 of this section shall be calculated in such manner as 
 the Insurance Commissioners may prescribe. 
 
Section 10. 
 
 23 
 
 In a communication dated 21st June, igii, the Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer explained that arrears would be calculated under the National 
 Insurance scheme in the following manner : — 
 
 
 Payments. 
 
 Payments . 
 
 
 Weeks' 
 Sickness. 
 
 Non- 
 payments. 
 
 
 ISt 
 
 2nd 
 
 3rd 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 Quarter. 
 
 Quarter. 
 
 Quarter. 
 
 Quarter. 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1914 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 II 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 I9I5 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 I9I6 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 159 
 
 10 
 
 39 
 
 Total number of non-payments in four years ... 39. 
 
 Average 9J in arrear. ; 
 
 {See Fifth Schedule to the Act, which shows that as the member is nine 
 contributions in arrear his rate of Sickness Benefit during the first 13 weeks 
 
 would be 7.r.) 
 Any member will thus be able to know how many contributions he has 
 failed to pay each year, as shown by the last column in the above table, 
 by reference to his contribution book or to the ledger of the society of 
 which he is a member. 
 
 In another communication, of 22nd August, 1911, the Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer stated that the following copy of a members' Contribution Book 
 would show how arrears were dealt with. 
 
 Member's Contribution Book. 
 
 
 Payments 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 t 
 
 
 {ij!„ Number of Weekly 
 
 
 
 Average Number 
 
 
 Tear. 
 
 Contributions paid 
 
 lUness. 
 
 Non- 
 
 of Non-Payments 
 
 per Week during first 
 
 
 in respect of the 
 Member]. 
 
 
 Payments. 
 
 per Annum. 
 
 13 Weeks of Sickness. 
 
 
 Yearly. 
 
 
 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1912 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 (30) 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 I9I3 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 26 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 1914 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 I9IS 
 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 I916 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 8 6 
 
 I917 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 I918 
 
 42 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 9 6 
 
 I919 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 1920 
 
 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 192 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 12 
 
 5 6 
 
 * Non-payment in illness is not reckoned in calculating arrears. 
 
 t The average is arrived at by adding the non-payments and dividing by the number 
 of years. Thus, for igzi the total non-payments are 127 for 10 years = 12 and a fraction 
 (which may be disregarded) on average. 
 
 % The last column showing the benefit comes from the Fifth Schedule of the Act. 
 
24 National htsurance Act. 
 
 Provisions in the case of contributors entitled to compensation 
 or damages. 
 
 11. — (l) Where an insured person has received or 
 recovered or is entitled to receive or recover, whether 
 from his employer or any other person, any compensation 
 
 6 Edw. 7, c. 58. or damages under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 
 1906, or any scheme certified thereunder, or under the 
 
 *\*'4'*^''"' Employers' Liability Act, 1880, or at common law, in 
 respect of any injury or disease, the following provisions 
 shall apply : — 
 
 (a) No sickness benefit or disablement benefit shall 
 "be paid to such person in respect of that injury 
 or disease in any case where' any weekly sum 
 or the weekly value of any lump sum paid or 
 payable by way of compensation or damages 
 is equal to or greater than the benefit otherwise 
 payable to such person, and where any such 
 weekly sum or the weekly value of any such 
 lump sum is less than the benefit in question, 
 such part only of the benefit shall be paid as, 
 together with the weekly sum or the weekly 
 value of the lump sum, will be equal to the 
 benefit : 
 
 The injured workman is entitled to medical benefit, although not to 
 sickness or disablement benefit. 
 
 (b) The weekly value of any such lump sum as 
 aforesaid may be determined by the society or 
 committee by which the sickness and disablement 
 benefits payable to such person are administered, 
 but, if the insured person is aggrieved by such 
 determination, the matter shall be settled in 
 
 , manner provided by this Part of this Act for 
 
 ■ settling disputes between insured persons and 
 societies or committees : 
 
Section ti, a$ 
 
 ic) Where an agreement is made as to the amount 
 of such compensation as aforesaid, and the 
 amount so agreed is less than ten shillings, a 
 week, or as to the redemption of a weekly- 
 payment by a lump sum, under the Workmen's 
 Compensation Act, 1906, the employer shall, 
 within three days thereafter, or such longer 
 time as inay be prescribed, send to the 
 Insurance Commissioners, or to the society or 
 committee concerned, notice in writing of such 
 agreement giving the prescribed particulars there- 
 of; and proviso (d) to paragraph (9) of the 
 Second Schedule of the Workmen's Compensa- 
 tion Act, 1906 (which relates to the powers of 
 registrars of county courts to refuse to record 
 memoranda of agreements and to refer the 
 matter to the judge) shall, in cases where the 
 workman is an insured person, apply to agree- 
 ments as to the amount of compensation in 
 like manner as to agreements as to the re- 
 demption of weekly payments by lump sums. 
 
 The provisions as to the redemption of weekly payments by a lump sum 
 under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1906 (6 Edw. VII. c. 58) are 
 contained in Schedule I. (17) qf that Act, and are as follows: — {17) Where 
 any weekly payments has been continued for not less than six months, 
 the liability therefor may, on application by or on behalf of the employer, 
 be redeemed by the payment of a lump sum of feuch an amount as, where 
 the incapacity is permanent, would, if invested in the purchase of an 
 immediate life annuity from the National Debt Commissioners through the 
 Post Office Savings Bank, purchase an annuity for the workman equal to 
 seventy-five per cent, of the annual value of the weekly payment, and as in any 
 other case may be settled by arbitration under this Act, and such lump sum 
 may be ordered by the committee or arbitrator or judge of the county court 
 to be invested or otherwise applied for the benefit of the person entitled thereto. 
 Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as preveniing agree- 
 ments being made for the redemption of a weekly payment by a lump sum. 
 
 Schedule II. (9) {d) of the Workmen's Compensation Act, is as follows : — 
 Where it appears to the registrar of the county court, on any informa- 
 tion which he considers sufficient, that an agreement as to the redem'ption 
 
26 National Insurance Act. 
 
 of a weekly sum by a lump sum, or an agreement as to the amount 
 of compensation payable to a person, under any legal disability, or to 
 dependants, ought not to be registered by reason of the inadequacy of the 
 sum or amount, or by reason of the agreement having been obtained by 
 fraud or undue influence, or other improper means, he may refuse to 
 record the memorandum of the agreement sent to him for registration, 
 and refer the matter to the judge who shall, in accordance with rules of 
 court, make such order (including an order as to any sum already paid 
 under the agreement), as under the circumstances he may think just. 
 
 The provisions of Schedule II. (9) [d) of the Workmen's Compensation 
 Act are extended by the above section of this Act to ordinary agreements 
 for compensation as well as agreements for the redemption of weekly 
 payments by a lump sura. 
 
 (2) Where an insured person appears to be entitled 
 to any such compensation or damages as aforesaid and 
 unreasonably refuses or neglects to take proceedings to 
 enforce his claim, it shall be lawful for the society or 
 committee concerned, either — 
 
 {a) at its own expense, to take in the name and on 
 behalf of such person such proceedings, in which 
 case any compensation or damages recovered 
 shall be held by the society or committee as 
 trustee for the insured person ; or 
 (b) to withhold payment of any benefit to which 
 apart from this section such person would be 
 entitled. 
 In the event of the society or committee concerned 
 taking proceedings as aforesaid and failing in the pro- 
 ceedings, it shall be responsible for the costs of the 
 proceedings as if it were claiming on its own account. 
 
 (3) Nothing in this section shall prevent the society 
 or committee paying to an insured person benefit by 
 way of advance pending the settlement of his claim for 
 compensation or damages, and any advance so made 
 shall, without prejudice to any other method of recovery, 
 be recoverable by deductions from or suspension of any 
 benefits which may subsequently become payable to 
 such person. 
 
Sections ii, 12, 27 
 
 Provisions in the case of contributors ivho are inmates of 
 hospitals, etc. 
 12. — (i) No payment shall be made on account of 
 sickness, disablement or maternity benefit to or in respect 
 of any person during any period when the person to 
 or in respect of whom the benefit is payable is an 
 inmate of any workhouse, hospital, asylum, convalescent 
 home, or infirmary, supported by any public authority 
 or out of public funds or by a charity, or voluntary 
 subscriptions, or of a sanatorium or similar institution 
 approved under this Part of this Act. 
 
 (2) During such period as aforesaid the sum which 
 would otherwise have been payable on account- of any such 
 benefit to or in respect of such person — 
 
 («) shall be paid to or applied in whole or in part for 
 the relief or maintenance of his dependants (if 
 any) in such manner as the society or committee 
 by which the benefit is administered, after con- 
 sultation whenever possible with such person, 
 thinks fit ; or 
 ip) if such person, being a member of an approved 
 society, is an inmate of a sanatorium or similar 
 institution in which he is receiving treatment in 
 accordance with the provisions of this Part of 
 this Act, and has no dependants, shall be paid to 
 the Insurance Committee towards the general 
 purposes thereof ; or 
 {c) if such person, being a member of an approved 
 society, is an inmate of a hospital, asylum, 
 convalescent home, or infirmary supported by a 
 charity or by voluntary subscriptions and has no 
 dependants, shall if an agreement for the purpose 
 has been made between the society or committee 
 and the hospital, asylum, convalescent home, or 
 infirmary, be paid, in whole or in part, according 
 
28 National Insurance Act. 
 
 to such agreement, towards the maintenance of 
 such person in the hospital, asylum, convalescent 
 home, or infirmary : 
 Provided that — 
 
 (i) any part of such sum which is not so applied 
 as aforesaid may, if the society or committee 
 thinks fit, be applied in the provision of any 
 surgical appliances required for the insured 
 person or otherwise for his benefit ; and 
 
 (ii) if such an inmate as aforesaid is a married 
 woman or widow, and the sums so payable or 
 applicable as aforesaid include the sums which 
 would have been payable both on account of 
 sickness or disablement benefit and on account 
 of maternity benefit, no part of the sum which 
 would otherwise be payable on account of 
 maternity benefit shall be paid or applied for 
 the relief or maintenance of her dependants, 
 but such sum may be paid to the hospital, 
 asylum, convalescent home, or infirmary of 
 which she is an inmate as aforesaid in like 
 manner as if she had no dependants, 
 
 (iii) where any person who is entitled to any 
 benefit under this Part of this Act, or a 
 woman whose husband. is entitled to maternity 
 benefit in respect of her confinement, applies 
 for admission to any workhouse infirmary, 
 admission thereto shall not be refused on 
 the ground only of the right to such benefit. 
 
 Power to vary benefits in certain cases. 
 13.— (i) Any approved society may submit to the 
 Insurance Commissioners a scheme for substituting any 
 of the additional benefits for sickness benefit and disable- 
 ment benefit or either of those benefits or any part thereof 
 
Sections 12, ij, i^. 29 
 
 and the scheme may provide as respects the members of 
 the society to whom the scheme applies that any such 
 benefits shall be abolished or the rate thereof reduced or, 
 in the case of sickness benefit, the commencement thereof 
 postponed ; and the scheme may contain such incidental 
 and consequential provisions as appear necessary for 
 adapting the other provisions of this Part of this Act to 
 the members to whom the scheme applies. 
 
 (2) The scheme shall apply either to all members of the 
 society or to any specified class thereof or to any members 
 of the society who may elect to come under the scheme, 
 according as may be provided by the scheme. 
 
 (3) A scheme made under this section shall not have 
 any effect unless and until confirmed by the Insurance 
 Commissioners, and the Insurance Commissioners shall 
 not confirm any such scheme unless satisfied that the value 
 of the additional benefits conferred by the scheme is 
 equivalent to the value of the benefits for which they are 
 substituted, and that, in view of the special circumstances 
 of the members or class of members intended to come 
 under the scheme, there is good reason for substituting the 
 additional benefits conferred by the scheme for the benefits 
 for which they are substituted. 
 
 (4) Nothing in this section or in any scheme made 
 thereunder shall affect the amount of any reserve value 
 to be credited to a society in respect of a member, and 
 such reserve values shall be calculated as if the scheme 
 had not been made. 
 
 Administration of Benefits. 
 
 Administration of benefits by approved societies or the 
 Insurance Committee. 
 
 14. — (i) Sickness benefit, disablement benefit, and 
 maternity benefit shall be administered, in the case of 
 insured persons who are members of an approved society, 
 
30 National Insurance Act. 
 
 by and through the society, or a branch thereof, and in other 
 cases by and through the Insurance Committees ; medical 
 and sanatorium benefits shall in all cases be administered by 
 and through the Insurance Committees, additional benefits 
 shall be administered by the society or branch of which the 
 person's entitled thereto are members, except where such 
 benefits are in the ilature of medical benefits, in which 
 case they shall be administered by and through the 
 Insurance Committees. 
 
 (2) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, an 
 approved society may, with the consent of the Insurance 
 Commissioners, provide for the application of its existing 
 rules or make new rules with regard to the manner and 
 time of paying or distributing, and mode of calculating, 
 benefits, suspension of benefits, notices and proof of 
 disease or disablement, behaviour during disease or dis- 
 ablement, and the visiting of sick or disabled persons, and 
 for the infliction and enforcement of penalties (whether by 
 way of fines or suspension of benefits or otherwise) in the 
 case of any member being an insured person who is guilty 
 of any breach of any such rule, or of any imposition or 
 attempted imposition in respect of any benefit under this 
 Part of this Act, and may,. from time to time with the like 
 consent, alter or repeal any such rules ; but — 
 
 {a) no fine imposed under any such rule shall exceed 
 
 ten shillings or, in the . case of repeated breaches 
 
 of rules, twenty shillings ; 
 (1^) no such rule shall provide for the suspension of 
 
 any benefit for a period exceeding one year : 
 {c) every such rule relating to the visiting of insured 
 
 persons by visitors appointed by the society shall 
 
 provide that women shall not be visited otherwise 
 
 than by women ; 
 {d) every such rule relating to behaviour during disease 
 
 or disablement shall be in the prescribe d foim ; 
 
Section i^, 31 
 
 (e) no such rule shall prescribe any penalty, nor shall 
 any insured person be subject to any penalty, 
 \\'hether by suspension of benefit or otherwise, on 
 account of the refusal by any such person to 
 submit to a surgical operation, or vaccination, or 
 inoculation of any kind, unless such refusal in the 
 case of a surgical operation of a minor character 
 is considered by the society, or on appeal the 
 Insurance Commissioners, unreasonable ; 
 
 if) no such rule shall provide for inflicting as a 
 penalty for breach of rules or imposition or 
 attempted imposition on the part of an insured 
 person suspension of maternity benefit in respect 
 of the confinement of his wife, where his wife has 
 not herself been guilty of any such breach, 
 imposition, or attempted imposition. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Committee shall, subject to the 
 approval of the Insurance Commissioners, make rules in 
 respect of any of the matters mentioned in the last pre- 
 ceding subsection with regard to the administration of 
 benefits by the committee : 
 
 Provided that no such rule relating to anything to be 
 done by, to, or through the Post Office shall be made 
 without the consent of the Postmaster-General. 
 
 (4) Where, under any such rule as aforesaid, payment 
 
 of sickness or disablement benefit is suspended on the 
 
 ground that the disease or disablement has been caused by 
 
 the misconduct of the person claiming the benefit, such 
 
 person shall not thereby become disentitled to medical 
 
 benefit. 
 
 This subsection is inserted not so much to benefit the person suffering as to 
 protect others from infection. 
 
 (5) Where under any Act regulating the constitution of 
 a society which becomes an approved society the rules of 
 the society are required to be registered, any rules 
 
32 National Insurance Act. 
 
 approved under this section by the. Insurance Commis- 
 sioners shall forthwith be registered, but till so registered 
 shall have effect as if they had been duly registered. 
 
 Administration of medical benefit. 
 15. — (i) Every Insurance Conlmittee shall, for the pur- 
 pose of administering medical benefit, make arrangements 
 with duly qualified medical practitioners in accordance 
 with regulations rhade by the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 " Duly qualified medical practitioners " means registered practitioners. 
 
 (2) The regulations made by the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners shall provide for the arrangements made being 
 subject to the approval of the Insurance Commissioners 
 and being such as to secure that insured persons shall, 
 save as herein-after provided, receive adequate medical 
 attendance and treatment from the medical practitioners 
 with whom arrangements are so- made, and shall require 
 the adoption by every Insurance Committee of such 
 system as will secure — - 
 
 {a) the preparation and publication of lists of medical 
 practitioners who have agreed to attend and treat 
 insured persons whose medical benefit is adminis- 
 tered by the committee ; 
 (b) a right on the part of any duly qualified medical 
 practitioner who is desirous of being included in 
 any such list as aforesaid of being so included, 
 but, where the Insurance Commissioners, after 
 such inquiry as may be prescribed, are satisfied 
 that his continuance in the list would be pre- 
 judicial to the efficiency of the medical service of 
 the insured, they may remove his name from the 
 list ; 
 {c) a right on the, part of any insured person of 
 selecting, at such periods as may be prescribed, 
 from the appropriate, list the practitioner by 
 
Sections 14., i§. 33 
 
 whom he wishes to be attended and treated, 
 and, subject to the consent of the practitioner 
 SO' selected, of being attended and treated by 
 him ; 
 
 [d) the distribution amongst, and so far as practic- 
 able, under arrangements made by, the several 
 practitioners whose names are on the lists, of 
 the insured persons who after due notice have 
 failed to make any selection, or who have been 
 refused by the practitioner whom they have 
 selected ; 
 
 [e) the provision of medical attendance and treat- 
 
 ment on the same terms as to remuneration as 
 those arranged with respect to insured persons, 
 to members of any friendly society which, of 
 a separate section of which, becomes an approved 
 society who were such members at the date of 
 the passing of this Act, and who are not 
 entitled to medical benefit under this Part of 
 this Act by reason either that they are of the 
 age of sixty-five or upwards at the date of the 
 commencement of this Act, or that being sub- 
 ject to permanent disablement at that date they 
 are not qualified to become insured persons : 
 Provided that if the Insurance Commissioners are 
 satisfied after inquiry that the practitioners included in 
 any list are not such as to secure an adequate medical 
 service in any area, they may dispense with the necessity 
 of the adoption of such system as aforesaid as respects 
 that area, and authorise the Committee to make such 
 other arrangements as the Commissioners may approve, 
 or the Commissioners may themselves make such 
 arrangements as they think fit, or may suspend the 
 right to medical benefit in respect of any insured persons 
 in the area for such period as they think fit, and pay 
 
 C 
 
34 National Insurance Act. 
 
 to each such person a sum equal to the estimated cost 
 of his medical benefit during that period, and where 
 the Commissioners take any such action themselves, 
 they shall retain and apply for the purpose such part 
 of the sums payable to the Insurance Committee in 
 respect of medical benefit as may be required. 
 
 (3) The regulations made by the Insurance Com- 
 missioners shall authorise the Insurance Committee by 
 which medical benefit is administered to require any 
 persons whose income exceeds a limit to be fixed by 
 the Committee, and to allow any other . persons, in lieu 
 of receiving medical benefit under such arrangements 
 as aforesaid, to make their own arrangements for re- 
 ceiving medical attendance and treatment (including 
 medicines and appliances), and in such case the Com- 
 mittee shall, subject to the regulations, contribute from 
 the funds out of which medical benefit is payable 
 towards the cost of medical attendance and treatment 
 (including medicines and appliances) for such persons 
 sums not exceeding in the aggregate the amounts which 
 the Committee would otherwise have expended in pro- 
 viding medical benefit for them. 
 
 (4) The regulations shall provide that, in the case of 
 persons who are entitled to receive medical attendance 
 and treatment under any system or through any 
 institution existing at the time of the passing of this 
 Act, and approved by the Insurance Committee and 
 the Insurance Commissioners, such medical attendance 
 and treatment may be treated as, or as part of, their 
 medical benefit under this Part of this Act, and may 
 provide for the Committee contributing towards the 
 expenses thereof the whole or any part of the sums 
 which would be contributed in the case of persons who 
 have made their own arrangements as aforesaid, so, 
 however, that such regulations shall secure that no 
 
Section 75. 35 
 
 person be deprived of his riglit, if he so elects, of 
 selecting the duly qualified medical practitioner by whom 
 he wishes to be attended and treated, in accordance 
 with the foregoing provisions of this section. 
 
 This subsection was introduced to protect the medical institutes estab- 
 lished by Friendly Societies, which exist in many large towns, and in 
 which a great part of the reserves of some of the Friendly Societies are 
 invested. It also covers the large medical associations connected with 
 industrial enterprises. 
 
 (S) Every such Committee shall also make provision 
 for the supply of proper and sufficient drugs and 
 medicines and prescribed appliances to insured persons 
 in accordance with regulations made by the Insurance 
 Commissioners, which shall provide for the arrange- 
 ments made being subject to the approval of the 
 Insurance Commissioners, and being such as to enable 
 insured persons to obtain from any persons, firms, or 
 bodies corporate with whom arrangements have been 
 made such drugs, medicines, and appliances if ordered 
 by the medical practitioner by whom they are attended, 
 and shall require the adoption by every Insurance Com- 
 mittee of such a system as will secure — 
 
 («) The preparation and publication of lists of persons, 
 firms, and bodies corporate who have agreed to 
 supply drugs, medicines, and appliances to 
 insured persons whose medical benefit is adminis- 
 tered by the Committee, according to such scale 
 of prices as may be fixed by the Committee ; 
 {b) A right on the part of any person, firm, or body 
 corporate desirous of being included in any such 
 list as aforesaid of being so included, for the 
 purpose of supplying such drugs, medicines, and 
 appliances as such person, firm, or body corporate 
 is entitled by law and authorised by the Com- 
 mittee to supply, except in cases where the 
 
 C 2 
 
36 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Insurance Commissioners after inquiry are satis- 
 fied that the inclusion or continuance of the 
 person, firm, or body corporate in such list would 
 be prejudicial to the efficiency of the service : 
 Provided that — 
 
 (i) If the Insurance Commissioners are satisfied that 
 the scale of prices fixed by the Committee is 
 reasonable, but that the persons, firms, or bodies 
 corporate included in any list are not such as to 
 secure an adequate and convenient supply of 
 drugs, medicines, and appliances in any area, 
 they may dispense with the necessity of the 
 adoption of such system as aforesaid as respects 
 that area and authorise the Committee to make 
 such other arrangements as the Commissioners 
 may approve ; 
 (ii) Except as may be provided by regulations rnade 
 by the Insurance Commissioners, no arrange- 
 ment shall be made by the Insurance Commit- 
 tee with a medical practitioner under which he 
 is bound or agrees to supply drugs or medicine 
 to any insured persons ; 
 (iii) Subject to the regulations made by the last 
 foregoing proviso the regulations shall pro- 
 hibit arrangements for the dispensing of 
 medicines being made with persons other 
 than persons, firms, or bodies corporate 
 entitled to carry on the business of a chemist 
 and druggist under the provisions of the 
 31 & 32 Vict. Pharmacy Act, 1868, as amended by the 
 
 C. 121. . ^ 
 
 Poisons and Pharmacy Act, 1908, who under- 
 8Edw. 7,c.55. take that all medicines supplied by them to 
 
 insured persons shall be dispensed either by 
 or under the direct supervision of a registered 
 pharmacist or by a person who, for three 
 
Section 75. 37 
 
 years immediately prior to the passing of this 
 Act, has acted as a dispenser to a duly 
 qualified medical practitioner or a public 
 institution ; 
 (iv) Nothing in this Act shall interfere with the 
 rights and privileges conferred by the 
 Apothecaries Act, 18 15, upon any person 55 Geo s.c. 194- 
 qualified under that Act to act as an assistant 
 to any apothecary in compounding and dis- 
 pensing medicines. 
 
 (6) There shall in each year be paid to the Insurance 
 Committee for each county or county borough out of 
 moneys credited to a society which has members resident 
 in the county or county borough such sum in respect of 
 the medical benefit of such members and the cost of 
 administration thereof as may be agreed between the 
 society and committee or, in default of agreement, may be 
 determined by the. Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (7) If in any year the amount payable to an Insurance 
 Committee in respect of all persons for the administration 
 of whose medical benefit it is responsible is insufficient to 
 meet the estimated expenditure thereon, the Committee 
 may, through the Insurance Commissioners, transmit to 
 the Treasury and to the council of the county or county 
 borough an account showing the amount so payable and 
 the estimated expenditure, and the Treasury and the 
 county council or the council ,of the county borough may, 
 if they think fit and if satisfied that the amounts so payable 
 and the proposed expenditure are reasonable and proper 
 in the circumstances, sanction the expenditure. 
 
 (8) The Treasury and the council of the county or 
 county borough sanctioning any such expenditure as 
 aforesaid shall thereupon each be liable to make good, in 
 the case of the Treasury out of moneys provided by 
 Parliament, and, in the case of the council of a county or 
 
38 _ National Insurance Act. 
 
 county borough out of the county fund or borough fund 
 or borough rate, as the case may be, one half of any sums 
 so sanctioned by them and expended by the Insurance 
 Committee on medical benefit in the course of the year in 
 excess of the amounts so payable to the Insurance Com- 
 mittee as aforesaid. 
 
 Administration of Sanatorium Benefit. 
 
 16. — (i) For the purpose of administering sanatorium 
 benefit, Insurance Committees shall make arrangements, 
 to the satisfaction of the Insurance Commissioners, — 
 {a) with a view to providing treatment for insured 
 persons suffering from tuberculosis or any other 
 such disease as aforesaid in sanatoria and other 
 institutions, with persons or local authorities 
 (other than poor law authorities) having the 
 management of sanatoria or other institutions 
 approved by the Local Government Board, 
 which treatment it shall be lawful for a local 
 authority to provide as respects insured persons 
 resident outside as well as respects those 
 resident within their area ; and 
 {b) with a view to providing treatment for such 
 persons otherwise than in sanatoria or other 
 institutions, with persons and local authorities 
 (other than poor law authorities) undertaking 
 such treatment in a manner approved by the 
 Local Government Board, which treatment 
 (including the appointment of officers for the 
 purpose) it shall be lawful for a local authority, 
 if so authorised by the Local Government 
 Board, to undertake. 
 
 Persons suffering from tuberculosis may be treated at clinics or dis- 
 pensaries which may be established locally, and in which means to be 
 taken for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis can be taught. 
 
Sections 15, 16, ly. 39 
 
 (2) The sums available for defraying the expenses of 
 sanatorium benefit in each year shall be — 
 
 {a) one shilling and threepence in respect of each 
 
 insured person resident in the county or county 
 
 borough, payable out of the funds out of which 
 
 benefits are payable under this Part of this 
 
 Act; 
 
 [b) one penny' in respect of each such person 
 
 payable out of moneys provided by Parliament ; 
 
 Provided that the Insurance Commissioners may 
 
 retain the whole or any part of the sums so payable out 
 
 of moneys provided by Parliament to be applied, in 
 
 accordance with regulations made by the Commissioners, 
 
 for the purposes of research. 
 
 (3) An insured person shall not be entitled to 
 sanatorium benefit unless the Insurance Committee 
 recommends the case for such benefit. 
 
 An insured person, if the Insurance Committee considers the case one 
 suitable for sanatorium benefit, may be entitled to sanatorium benefit as 
 from the commencement of the Act. 
 
 (4) An Insurance Committee may, out of the sums 
 available for defraying the expenses of sanatorium 
 treatment, defray in whole or in part the expenses of 
 the conveyance of an insured person to or from any 
 sanatorium or institution to which he may be sent for 
 treatment therein, or may make advances for the 
 purpose. 
 
 Power to extend Sanatorium Benefit to dependants. 
 
 17. — (i) The Insurance Committee for any county or 
 county borough may, if it thinks fit, extend sanatorium 
 benefit to the dependants of the insured persons resident 
 in the county, or any part of the county, or in the 
 county borough, or any class of such dependants, and 
 in such case the arrangements to be made by the 
 
40 National Insurance Act. 
 
 committee shall include arrangements for the treatment 
 of such dependants, and the sums available for 
 sanatorium benefit shall be applicable to the purpose. 
 
 (2) If in any year the amount available for defraying 
 the expenses of sanatorium benefit is insufficient to 
 meet the estimated expenditure on sanatorium benegt 
 for insured persons and such dependants, the Insurance 
 Committee may, through the Insurance Commissioners, 
 transmit to the Treasury and the council of the county 
 or county borough an account showing the estimated 
 expenditure for the purpose and the amount of the 
 sums available for defraying the expenses of sanatorium 
 benefit, and the Treasury and council may if they think 
 fit sanction such expenditure. 
 
 (3) The Treasury and the council of the county or 
 county borough sanctioning such expenditure as afore- 
 said shall thereupon each be liable to make good, in the 
 case of the Treasury out of moneys provided by Parlia- 
 ment, and, in the case of the council of the county or county 
 borough, out of the county fund or borough fund or 
 borough rate, as the case may be, one-half of any sums 
 so sanctioned by them and expended by the Insurance 
 Committee on sanatorium benefit for insured persons 
 and their dependants in the course of the year in excess 
 of the amount available for defraying the expenses of 
 the committee on sanatorium benefit. 
 
 Administration of maternity benefit. 
 
 18. — (i) Where the mother of the child is herself an 
 insured person, and is not the wife or, in the case of 
 a posthumous child, the widow of an insured person, 
 maternity benefit shall be treated as a benefit for her 
 and shall be administered in cash or otherwise by 
 the approved society of which she is a member, or if 
 she is not a member of any society by the Insurance 
 
Sections ly, i8, /p. 41 
 
 Committee ; in any other case, the benefit shall be treated 
 as a benefit for her husband and shall be administered 
 in cash or otherwise by the approved society of which 
 he is a member, or if he is not a member of any such 
 society, by the Insurance Committee, and shall be pay- 
 able in respect of a posthumous child as if the husband 
 were still alive : 
 
 Provided always that the mother shall decide whether 
 she shall be attended by a duly qualified medical prac- 
 titioner or by a duly certified midwife, and shall have 
 free choice in the selection of such practitioner or mid- 
 wife, but if, in the case of a midwife being selected, a 
 duly qualified medical practitioner is subsequently 
 summoned in pursuance of the rules made under the 
 Mid wives Act, 1902, the prescribed fee shall, subject to 2 Edw. 7, u. 17. 
 regulations made by the Insurance Commissioners, be 
 recoverable as part of the maternity benefit. 
 
 (2) In deciding whether or not they shall make an 
 order under the Bastardy Laws Amendment Act, 1872,^^0.65. 
 for the payment of the expenses incidental to the birth 
 of a child, the justices shall not take into consideration 
 the fact that the mother of the child is entitled to 
 receive maternity benefit under this Part of this Act. 
 
 A woman who is employed and insured, whether she is a widow or a 
 spinster, gets the maternity benefit, if she becomes a mother. If the men's 
 and women's funds are separated under s. 41, the maternity benefit will 
 come out of the men's fund in the case of the uninsured wives of insured 
 persons, and out of the women's fund in the case of insured women 
 workers. 
 
 Punishment of huiband in certain cases of neglect. 
 
 19. Without prejudice to any other legal liability, 
 where under the immediately foregoing section, which 
 i-elates to the administration of maternity benefit, of this 
 Act, maternity benefit is given or paid to the husband, 
 it shall be the duty of the husband to make adequate 
 
42 National Insurance Act. 
 
 provision to ttie best of his power for the maintenance 
 and care of his wife during her confinement, and for a 
 period of four weeks after her delivery, and if he 
 neglects or refuses to do so he shall be liable upon 
 summary conviction to imprisonment, with or without 
 hard labour, for any term not exceeding one month. 
 
 Reinsurance for the purposes of maternity benefit. 
 
 20. For the purpose of the administration of maternity 
 benefit, the Insurance Commissioners may, if they think 
 fit, by special order provide for the reinsurance with 
 them of the liabilities of all approved societies in respect 
 of maternity benefit, and the order may provide for 
 the method of calculating the premiums to be charged 
 against the several societies in respect of such rein- 
 surances and may contain such other incidental, con- 
 sequential, and supplemental provisions as may appear 
 necessary for the purpose. 
 
 Power to subscribe to hospitals, etc. 
 
 21. It shall be lawful for an approved society or In- 
 surance Committee to grant such subscriptions or donations 
 as it may think fit to hospitals, dispensaries, and other 
 charitable institutions, or for the support of district nurses, 
 and to appoint nurses for the purpose of visiting and 
 nursing insured persons, and any sums so expended shall 
 be treated as expenditure on such benefits under this Part 
 of this Act as may be prescribed. 
 
 Power of councils of boroughs and districts to contribute to 
 certain expenditure on medical and sanatorium benefits. 
 
 22. The council of any borough or urban or rural 
 district may agree with the council of the county in which 
 the borough or district is situate to repay to the latter 
 council the whole or any part of the sums payable by that 
 
Sections ip, 20, 21, 22, 2j. 43 
 
 council in accordance with the provisions of this Part of 
 this Act towards the excess expenditure on medical or 
 sanatorium benefit so far as such excess is properly 
 attributable to the borough or district, and any sums 
 payable by the council of the borough or district in pur- 
 suance of such an agreement shall be payable in the case 
 of a borough out of the borough fund or borough rate, and 
 in any other case as part of the general expenses incurred 
 by the council in the execution of the Public Health Acts. 
 (2) The agreement may provide that the county 
 council shall not raise any sum on account of any 
 expenditure incurred by them under this Part of this 
 Act for the purpose to which the agreement relates 
 within the borough or urban or rural district the council 
 of which has entered into such agreement, during the 
 continuance of such agreement. 
 
 Approved Societies. 
 
 Conditions for the approval of approved societies. 
 
 23. — (l) Any society, that is to say, any body of per- 
 sons corporate or unincorporate (not being a branch of 
 another such body), registered or established under any 
 Act of Parliament, or by Royal Charter, or, if not so 
 registered or established, having a constitution of such a 
 character as may be prescribed, which complies with the 
 requirements of this Act relating to approved societies, 
 may be approved by the Insurance Commissioners, and, 
 if so approved, shall be an approved society for the pur- 
 poses of this Part of this Act : 
 
 Provided that, where any society establishes for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act a separate section con- 
 sisting of insured persons, whether with or without 
 honorary members not being insured persons, and so 
 constituted as to comply with the requirements of this Act 
 
44 National Insurance Act. 
 
 relating to approved societies, such separate section n:iay 
 be approved by the Insurance Commissioners, and, if so 
 approved, shall be an approved society, and, the provisions 
 of this Part of this Act relating to the conditions of 
 approval of societies and to approved societies shall 
 apply only to such separate section of the society. 
 
 Among bodies which can become approved societies are Friendly Societies, 
 Trade Unions, "HoUoway" Societies, Collecting Societies, iDividing 
 Societies, Superannuation Societies, Industrial Insurance Societies, Medical 
 Aid Societies, and Deposit Societies . 
 
 Such bodies, while acting as approved societies under the Act, may continue 
 to carry on their original work, whatever it may be, but they must keep their 
 original work and their work under the Act entirely separate. The funds 
 voluntarily raised, with which they carry on their original work, must be kept 
 separate from the funds which are raised for the purposes of the Act, and 
 which can only be used for those purposes. A Trade Union may, for example, 
 make grants of money to other unions or persons, but only out of moneys 
 collected for Trade Union purposes. The State will only interfere with the 
 approved societies for the purpose of collecting the contributions, holding the 
 reserve funds, paying the State grants, and exercising a general supervision 
 over the department of the society's work which is carried on under the Act. 
 It will not interfere with the work of approved societies apart from the Act. 
 
 Medical Aid Societies, which engage, pay and control medical practitioners 
 of their own, who prescribe for and attend the members of the societies, may 
 continue to carry on their work, even when some of their members are 
 insured. If a medical aid society prefers not to become an approved society, 
 but desires to confine its activities to existing limits, it may make such 
 arrangements with the approved societies, through which its members are 
 insured, as to enable it to continue to administer their benefit and to receive 
 funds available for that purpose out of their contributions. 
 
 (2) No society shall receive the approval of the Insur- 
 ance Commissioners unless it satisfies the following 
 conditions : — 
 
 (i) It must not be a society carried on for profit ; 
 (ii) Its constitution must provide to the satisfaction of 
 the Insurance Commissioners for its affairs being 
 subject to the absolute control of its members 
 being insured persons or, if the rules of the 
 society so provide, of its members whether 
 insured persons or not, including provision for 
 
Sections 2j, 2^. 45 
 
 the election and removal of the committee of 
 management or other governing body of the 
 society, in the case of a society whose affairs are 
 managed by delegates elected by members, by 
 such delegates, and, in other cases, in such 
 manner as will secure absolute control by its 
 members ; 
 (iii) If the society has honorary members, its constitu- 
 tion must provide for excluding such honorary 
 members from the right of voting in their capacity 
 of members of the society on all questions and 
 matters arising under this Part of this Act. 
 (3) Applications for approval under this section may be 
 made and approval granted at any time before or after the 
 commencement of this Act, and the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners may grant approval either unconditionally or 
 subject to the condition of the society taking within such 
 time as the Commissioners may allow such steps as may 
 be necessary to make the society comply with the require- 
 ments of this Part of this Act relating to approved 
 societies. 
 
 Power of Societies to undertake business under Part I. 
 
 24. — (i) It shall be lawful for any body of persons, 
 corporate or unincorporate, established before the passing 
 of this Act which is desirous of transacting insurance 
 business under this Part of this Act, or of making any 
 amendments in its constitution, or administration, or 
 contributions, or benefits, or otherwise which may be 
 necessary or expedient in consequence of the passing of 
 this Act, notwithstanding anything in the provisions of the 
 Acts under which it is established or registered or carried 
 on, or of its memorandum or articles of association, rules, 
 or other instrument governing its constitution or defining 
 its objects, to do all such acts and things (including the 
 
46 National Insurance Act. 
 
 establishment of a separate section as aforesaid) as may- 
 be necessary for the purpose of enabling the body to 
 undertake the transaction of such business as soon as may 
 be after the passing of this Act and, if the instrument 
 regulating the constitution of the body contains provisions 
 requiring any interval to elapse before action can be taken, 
 such provisions shall not apply to action taken for the 
 purposes aforesaid. 
 
 (2) Subsections (3) and (4) of section seventy of the 
 ^'cfat^^'"' Friendly Societies Act, 1896, shall not apply to any reso- 
 lutions for amalgamation or transfer of engagements when 
 the resolution is made expressly for the purposes of this 
 Part of this Act. 
 
 The Friendly Societies Act, 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. 25), s. 70 (3) and (4) are 
 as follows : — 
 
 70. — (3) A special resolution by a registered Friendly Society for an 
 amalgamation or transfer of engagements under this Act shall not be valid 
 without — 
 
 (a) the assent thereto of five-sixths in value of the members, given either 
 at the meetings at which the resolution is, according to the provisions of 
 this Act, passed and confirmed, or at one of them, or, if the members 
 were not present thereat, in writing ; and 
 
 (2) the written consent of every person receiving or entitled to any relief, 
 
 annuity, or other benefit from the funds of the society, unless the 
 
 claim of that person is first duly satisfied, or adequate provision is 
 
 made for satisfying that clairn. 
 
 {4) Provided that on application of the trustees or committ-ee of a registered 
 
 Friendly Society desiring to amalgamate or transfer its engagements, and upon 
 
 notice of that application being published in the Gazette, the chief registrar, 
 
 after hearing the trustees or committee and any other persons whom he 
 
 considers entitled to be heard upon the application, may, with the consent of 
 
 the Treasury, order that any of the assents, consents, and conditions required 
 
 by this Act, or by any regulations made under this Act, be dispensed with, 
 
 and may confirm the amalgamation or transfer. 
 
 (3) This section shall come into operation on the passing 
 of this Act and shall not continue in force beyond the 
 expiration of one year from the commencement of this Act, 
 except so far as may be necessary to enable a society which 
 has undertaken the transaction of insurance business under 
 this Part of this Act to continue to transact such business. 
 
Sections 24., 25. 47 
 
 Special provisions for employers' provident fund, etc. 
 
 25. — (i) Where a society consists of persons entitled to 
 rights in a superannuation or other provident fund 
 established for the benefit of persons employed by one or 
 more employers, the society may be approved, notwith- 
 standing that the employer is entitled to representation on 
 the committee or other body administering the fund to an 
 extent not exceeding one quarter of the total number of 
 the body, if the employer, in addition to the employer's 
 contributions payable by him under this Part of this Act, is 
 responsible for the solvency of the fund or for the benefits 
 payable thereout, or is liable to pay a substantial part of, 
 or to make substantial contributions to, or substantially to 
 supplement, the benefits payable out of the fund : 
 
 Provided that no such society as aforesaid shall be 
 approved unless by its constitution it is prohibited so far as 
 concerns the benefits under this Part of this Act from 
 refusing to allow a member to transfer to another approved 
 society, and from refusing to allow a member who is 
 discharged from or leaves the employment of the employer 
 and is unable to obtain admission to another approved 
 society on account of the state of his health to continue a 
 member, and unless its constitution provides for the election 
 of the members of the committee of management (other 
 than the employer's representatives) by ballot : 
 
 Provided also that no such society shall be approved if 
 the employer makes membership of such society a condition 
 of employment. 
 
 (2) Where, for the purpose of enabling any such society 
 to become an approved society, it is necessary to make any 
 alteration in the existing rules or constitution of the society 
 which it is not competent for the society under its existing 
 constitution to make, a scheme for the purpose may be 
 submitted for the approval of the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
4^ National Insurance Act. 
 
 (3) Where such a scheme has been approved by the 
 Insurance Commissioners, the Act or deed constituting 
 the society shall have effect subject to the provisions of the 
 scheme, but the Insurance Commissioners shall not approve 
 any such scheme unless they are satisfied that the members 
 of the society have been given an opportunity of voting by 
 ballot thereon, and that the scheme makes proper provision 
 for safeguarding existing rights and interests. 
 
 The effect of this section is to enable what are colloquially known as "Shop 
 Clubs" to be converted into approved societies at the discretion of their 
 members notwithstanding that the employer retains special rights in regard to 
 management. In return for those special rights the employer will have to 
 make a special contribution in addition to the ordinary contribution payable 
 under the Act. In every other respect this kind of approved society will 
 conform with the ordinary conditions in the Act. A member of such a shop 
 club will be able to carry with him his actuarial reserve from one club to 
 another. If he quits his employment and does not join any other society 
 because he cannot find work, his case will come within the rules applicable to 
 the case of a member of an approved society whose payments fall into arrear. 
 If an employer becomes bankrupt, the society cannot of course be continued 
 in its existing form, but the reserves will be intact and will be carried to 
 another society. 
 
 With reference to the ballot under this section, there are two possibilities. 
 If there is a fund, part of which comes under the Act and part does not, and 
 there is only one committee of management, the whole committee will be 
 appointed by ballot. If there are two different funds, one the fund of a scheme 
 approved under the Act, and the other the fund of a scheme for benefits not 
 compulsorily provided by the Act, the committee for the fund relating to the 
 Act will be elected by ballot, while the committee for the other fund will be 
 appointed as the rules of the society may provide. 
 
 Security to be given by approved societies. 
 
 26. — (i) Every approved society and every society 
 desirous of becoming an approved society shall give 
 such security as the Insurance Commissioners may 
 consider sufficient to provide against any malversation 
 or misappropriation by officers of the society of any 
 funds coming to the hands of the society under this 
 Part of this Act, and in determining the amount of the 
 security to be required the Commissioners shall have 
 
Sections 25, 26, 2y. 49 
 
 regard to the amount of the funds so coming into the 
 hands of the society : 
 
 Provided that no security shall be required from any 
 society which proves to the Insurance Commissioners that 
 the only funds coming into the hands of the society 
 under this Part of this Act are such funds as are 
 required for reimbursing to the society sums previously 
 expended by the society under this Part of this Act. 
 
 (2) In the case of an approved society with branches 
 having insured persons among their members, security shall 
 be given in respect of each such branch by the society. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Commissioners may from time to 
 time vary the amount of security to be given or 
 maintained by an approved society as may be thought 
 proper, and, where security is given by way of deposit of 
 securities, the society which made the deposit may, with the 
 consent of the Insurance Commissioners, substitute other 
 securities for the securities for the time being deposited. 
 
 The Commissioners may accept a bond by a, fidelity guarantee corporation. 
 
 (4) Any dividends or interest arising from securities 
 deposited by an approved society under this section 
 shall be paid to the society. 
 
 Provisions as to approved societies. 
 
 27. — =(i) Every approved society shall, as respects the 
 administration of the affairs of the society under this 
 Part of this Act, make proper provision by rules to the 
 satisfaction of the Insurance Commissioners for the govern- 
 ment of the society, and if a society with branches — ■ 
 
 (a) for the government of the society and its 
 branches ; 
 
 (b) for the determination of disputes arising between 
 
 the society and any branch thereof, or between 
 one such branch and another ; 
 
so National Insurance Act. 
 
 (c) for the administration of benefits by the branches 
 as respects insured persons who are members of 
 such branches ; 
 
 {d) for the keeping of proper books of account by 
 the branches in any case where separate 
 accounts are usually kept by those branches ; 
 
 (e) for depriving of or suspending from the right of 
 administering benefits under this Part of this 
 Act any branch which is guilty of maladminis- 
 tration of those benefits, or is convicted of any 
 offence under any Act, and for providing in 
 such a case for their administration by the 
 society or otherwise. 
 
 (2) Every approved society and every branch thereof 
 shall comply with any regulations made by the Insurance 
 Commissioners as to the place in which meetings are to 
 be held, and those regulations may provide for the use 
 for such meetings, with or without payment, of any offices 
 or other buildings under the control of a Government 
 department (including offices or buildings occupied by or 
 in connexion with a labour exchange) or belonging to 
 or under the management of a local authority, but subject 
 to the consent of the Government department or the 
 local authority concerned. 
 
 (3) Where under any Act regulating the constitution 
 of an approved society the rules of the society are 
 required to be registered, any rules approved under this 
 section by the Insurance Commissioners shall forthwith 
 be registered, but until so registered shall have effect as 
 if they had been duly registered. 
 
 Secessions, etc. 
 
 28. — (i) No branch of an approved society having 
 insured persons among its members shall be entitled to 
 secede or withdraw from the society without the consent 
 
Sections 2y, 28, 2g. 51 
 
 of the Insurance Commissioners ; but such consent shall 
 not be given unless the seceding or withdrawing branch 
 complies with the conditions of approval requisite in the 
 case of approved societies, and, on any such consent being 
 given, the branch shall be subject in all respects to the 
 provisions and requirements of this Part of this Act 
 relating to approved societies : 
 
 Provided that such consent shall not be required if the 
 branch makes provision to the satisfaction of the Insurance 
 Commissioners for the transfer to other approved 
 societies or to other branches of the society from which 
 it is seceding or withdrawing of such of its, members 
 as are insured persons. 
 
 (2) An approved society or a branch thereof shall not 
 be dissolved without the sanction of the Insurance 
 Commissioners, and any such dissolution, so far as it 
 affects members who are insured persons, shall be carried 
 out in the prescribed manner. 
 
 (3) No branch of an approved society shall be expelled 
 from the society unless proper provision is made to the 
 satisfaction of the Insurance Commissioners with respect 
 to any members of the branch who are insured persons. 
 
 (4) This section shall have effect notwithstanding 
 anything contained in any Act regulating the constitution 
 of the society. 
 
 Withdrawal of approval. 
 
 29. Where an approved society or a branch of any 
 approved society fails to comply with any of the 
 provisions or requirements of this Part of this Act 
 relating to approved societies, or where such a society 
 or branch or the body of which the society forms a 
 separate section is convicted of any offence under any 
 Act regulating its constitution or under any other Act, 
 the Insurance Commissioners may withdraw their 
 
52 National Insurance Act. 
 
 approval, and thereupon the society shall cease to be 
 an approved society and the Insurance Commissioners 
 shall make such provision as they may consider necessary 
 with respect to members of the society who are insured 
 persons. 
 
 Membership of Approved Societies and 
 Transfer of Members. 
 
 Admission of insured persons to membership in approved societies. 
 
 30. — (i) Subject the provisions of this Act, any 
 insured person and any person entitled to become an 
 insured person may apply to an approved society for 
 membership therein. 
 
 (2) An approved society shall be entitled, in accordance 
 with its rules, to admit or reject any such applicant, 
 or to expel any of its members being insured persons : 
 Provided that no such application shall be refused solely 
 on the ground of the age of the applicant. 
 
 Blind, deaf, or dumb persons, if employed, are entitled to the benefits 
 under the Act, either as members of Friendly Societies or as deposit 
 contributors. 
 
 The rules under which members are expelled, have to be approved by 
 the Insurance Commissioners. A member' who thinks himself improperly 
 expelled will have an appeal to the Commissioners. Even if his appeal 
 fails, he will not be deprived of the surrender value. 
 
 (3) This section shall come into operation on the 
 passing of this Act. 
 
 Transfer from one approved society to another. 
 
 31. — (i) If an insured person, being a member of an 
 approved society, ceases to be a member of that society, 
 whether voluntarily or by expulsion, and becomes a 
 member of another approved society, there shall be 
 transferred to such other society in respect of such 
 person a sum representing the liability under this Part 
 of this Act of the first-mentioned society in respect of 
 
Sections 29, jo, ji, 32. 53 
 
 him (in this Act called " transfer value ") calculated in 
 accordance with tables to be prepared by the Insurance 
 Commissioners : 
 
 Provided that such transfer value shall not be so 
 transferred in any case where the first- mentioned society 
 proves that the insured person voluntarily ceased to be 
 a member of that society without the consent of the 
 society, and that that consent was not unreasonably 
 withheld. 
 
 If the financial position of the society from which ■- person is transferred 
 is unsatisfactory, the transferee remains subject to any levy or reduction 
 arising from any deficiency in the finances of the society. 
 
 (2) This section shall apply to transfers from one branch 
 of an approved society to another branch of the same 
 or any society in like manner as it applies to transfers 
 from one society to another society. 
 
 Transfers to foreign and colonial societies. 
 
 32. — (i) If an insured person ceases to be perma- 
 nently resident in the United Kingdom and becomes 
 a member of any society or institution established in 
 a British possession or foreign country, of a kind similar 
 to an approved society, which is approved by the 
 Insurance Commissioners, or of any branch established 
 outside the United Kingdom of an approved society, 
 the transfer value of such person, or, in the case of a 
 deposit contributor, the amount standing to his credit 
 in the Post Office fund, shall be paid to such society 
 or institution or branch ; but no such payment shall 
 be made, unless the Insurance Commissioners are satis- 
 fied that the society, institution, or branch in question 
 gives corresponding rights to any of its members be- 
 coming resident in the United Kingdom. 
 
 (2) Where an arrangement has been made with 
 the Government of any British possession or with the 
 
54 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Government of any foreign State, whereby insured 
 persons may be transferred to a society or institution 
 established in the British possession or foreign State 
 similar to an approved society or the Post Office fund, 
 and members of any such society or institution may be 
 transferred to approved societies or to the Post Office 
 fund, it shall be lawful for the Insurance Commissioners 
 to make such arrangements as may be necessary for 
 any such transfer as aforesaid, and for the determina- 
 tion of the amount to be transferred in any such case, 
 and of the rights to which any person transferred is 
 to be entitled ; so, however, that nothing in this section 
 shall affect the rights of a society under this Part of 
 this Act to refuse applications for membership. 
 
 Transfer values of emigrants who remain members of 
 approved societies. 
 
 33. If a person who has for not less than five years 
 been a member of an approved society for the purposes of 
 this Part of this Act has ceased permanently to reside in 
 the United Kingdom, and does not join such a society, 
 branch, or institution as is in the last foregoing section 
 mentioned, and the approved society is willing to permit 
 him to remain a member of the society and to become 
 entitled to benefits independently of this Act, the society 
 may, subject to regulations by the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners, transfer from the account of the society under this 
 Part of this Act to the credit of the society independently 
 of this Act such sum as would have been transferred to the 
 Post Office fund had the member ceased to be a member 
 of the society and become a deposit contributor, and so 
 much of any reserve value which may have been credited 
 to the society in respect of him as would in such a case 
 have been cancelled shall be cancelled. 
 
Sections 32, 33, 34-, 35- 55 
 
 Prohibition against double insurance. 
 34. A person shall not be or attempt to become a 
 member for the purposes of this Part of this Act of more 
 than one approved society at the same time, or, being a 
 deposit contributor, to become at the same time a member 
 for the purposes of this Part of this Act of an approved 
 society, but nothing in this Act shall prevent any person 
 who is a member of an approved society under this Part of 
 this Act becoming a member of the same or any other 
 society independently of this Act, or prevent a deposit 
 contributor becoming a member of any society indepen- 
 dently of this Act, or affect the right of an approved 
 society to reject or expel from membership any person not 
 being an insured person, or the rights or liabilities of an 
 approved society or of any member thereof arising other- 
 wise than under this Part of this Act ; and, subject to the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act, all rules made by a 
 society which becomes an approved society or any branch 
 thereof shall remain and be of the same force and effect as 
 though this Act had not been passed. 
 
 Where a person pays subscriptions to two or three Friendly or similar 
 societies with the object of getting double or triple benefits and those societies 
 become approved under the Act, he will have to select the one through which 
 he wishes to receive the benefits under the Act. The state will contribute to 
 one society only in respect of him. 
 
 Accounts : Valuations : Surplus and Deficit. 
 
 Approved societies to keep proper accounts, 
 
 35. — (l) Every approved society and every branch of 
 an approved society must — 
 
 (a) Keep its books and accounts under this Part of 
 this Act separate from all other books and 
 accounts of the society or branch, and in such 
 form as may be prescribed by the Insurance 
 Commissioners, and, when required, submit them. 
 
S6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 to audit by auditors to be appointed by the 
 Treasury ; 
 
 [b) Submit to have its assets and liabihties under this ' 
 
 Part of this Act valued in accordance with the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act ; 
 
 (c) In the event of a surplus or deficiency being shown 
 
 upon any such valuation, comply with the pro- 
 visions relating to surpluses and deficiencies 
 hereinafter contained ; 
 id) Render such returns as the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners may require. 
 
 The Government audit and control, referred to in this subsection, extends 
 only to the funds provided for the purposes of the Act. 
 
 (2) Regulations made under this section shall provide 
 for a separate account being kept showing the amount 
 expended on administration, and for limiting the amount 
 which may be carried to that account out of the contri- 
 butions under this Part of this Act, and for requiring any 
 deficiency in such account (if not otherwise defrayed) to be 
 met forthwith by a special levy. 
 
 (3) The provisions of this Part of this Act relating to 
 accounts audit valuation and returns shall, as respects the 
 transactions of any approved society, or branch thereof 
 under this Part of this Act, be substituted for such of the 
 provisions of any Act regulating the constitution of the 
 society or branch as deal with the like matters. 
 
 (4) In the case of a society or branch transacting other 
 business besides that of insurance business under this Part 
 of this Act, all funds and credits of the society or branch 
 under this Part of this Act shall be as absolutely the 
 security of the members for the purposes of this Part of 
 this Act as if they belonged to a society or branch carry- 
 ing on no other business than such insurance business, and 
 shall not be liable for any contracts of the society or branch 
 for which they would not have been liable had the business 
 
Sections jj, j6, 37. 57 
 
 of the society or branch been only that of such insurance, 
 and shall not be applied directly or indirectly for any 
 purposes other than those of insurance business under this 
 Part of this Act. 
 
 Where a separate section of a society has been estaB- 
 lished and such separate section is an approved society 
 under this Part of this Act, the expression " society " in 
 this subsection means the society of which the separate 
 section has been established and not the separate section. 
 
 Valuations of approved societies. 
 
 36. — (i) A valuation of the assets and liabilities arising 
 under this Part of this Act of every approved society and 
 of every branch of an approved society shall be made by 
 a valuer, to be appointed by or with the approval of the 
 Treasury, at the expiration of every three years dating 
 from the commencement of this Act, or at such other 
 times as the Insurance Commissioners appoint ; the times 
 so appointed may be at shorter or longer intervals than 
 three years and at regular or irregular intervals, and may 
 apply to all approved societies or any particular society or 
 societies. 
 
 (2) Every such valuation shall be made on such basis as 
 may be prescribed. 
 
 Surplus. 
 
 37. — (i) If upon any such valuation a surplus (certified 
 by the valuer to be disposable) is found, the following 
 provisions shall apply : — 
 
 (fl) If the society is not a society with branches, the 
 society may submit to the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners a scheme for distributing out of such sur- 
 plus any one or more additional benefits among 
 insured persons who are members thereof for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act, and, upon any 
 
5 8 National Insurance Act. 
 
 such scheme being sanctioned by the Insurance 
 Commissioners, the society may distribute such 
 additional benefit or benefits in accordance with 
 the provisions thereof: 
 
 {b) If the society is a society with branches, any sur- 
 plus in the central fund of the society, including 
 any surplus transferred from the branches to the 
 society under the provisions of this section, shall, 
 subject to the provisions of the next succeeding 
 section of this Act, be applied in the first instance 
 towards making good any deficiency shown by 
 any of its branches ; and the society may dis- 
 tribute the balance of the surplus, after making 
 good deficiencies as aforesaid, amongst such of 
 its branches as have a surplus in proportion to 
 the amounts of such surpluses, and the sum so 
 apportioned to a branch shall be treated as an 
 addition to the disposable surplus of that branch : 
 
 (c) If, on the valuation of a branch of an approved 
 society, a surplus is shown in respect of such 
 branch, there shall be transferred to the central 
 body or other central authority of the society of 
 which it is a branch one-third of the surplus, and 
 the branch may, with the approval of the society, 
 submit to the Insurance Commissioners a scheme 
 for distributing out of the remaining two-thirds of 
 such surplus, together with any such addition as 
 aforesaid, any one or more additional benefits, 
 and, upon any such scheme being sanctioned by 
 the Insurance Commissioners, the branch may 
 distribute such additional benefit or benefits in 
 accordance with the provisions thereof: 
 
 {d) If, at any time after a scheme submitted by a 
 society or branch has been so sanctioned as afore- 
 said, there is found to be a deficiency in the funds 
 
Sections J7, 38. 59 
 
 of the society or branch, no additional benefits 
 shall be distributed under the scheme until such 
 deficiency is extinguished and a surplus shown. 
 
 (2) A scheme made under this section may prescribe 
 the conditions to be complied with as respects any addi- 
 tional benefit conferred by the scheme, and every such 
 scheme shall, so far as practicable, provide for the reduction, 
 suspension, or deprivation of the additional benefits con- 
 ferred by the scheme in the case of members who are in 
 arrears, and may make a corresponding reduction in the 
 amount to which such members are to be deemed to be in 
 arrears for the purpose of reckoning the rate of sickness 
 benefit. 
 
 (3) No surplus and no part of any surplus shall be 
 applied for the purpose of paying any benefits payable on 
 death or any benefits other than one or more of the 
 additional benefits specified in Part II. of the Fourth 
 Schedule to this Act. 
 
 Deficit. 
 38. — (i) If upon any such valuation a deficiency is 
 found, the following provisions shall apply : — 
 
 [a) If the deficiency is shown by a branch of an 
 approved society, three-quarters, or if the society 
 thinks fit, the whole thereof, shall, in the first 
 place, so far as possible, be made good out of 
 any surplus available for that purpose in the 
 hands of the central body or other central 
 authority of the society : 
 
 Provided that the society may, if it is satisfied 
 that the deficiency is due to any maladminis- 
 tration on the part of the branch in question, 
 with the consent of the Insurance Commissioners, 
 refuse to make good any part of the deficiency 
 out of such surplus : 
 
6o National Insurance Act. 
 
 {b) Subject as aforesaid, every deficiency shall be 
 
 made good in accordance with a scheme for 
 
 that purpose to be prepared by the society, or, 
 
 in the case of a deficiency in a branch, by the 
 
 branch subject to the approval of the society, 
 
 and submitted to the Insurance Commissioners 
 
 for their sanction ; such a scheme shall provide 
 
 for making good the deficiency, within a period 
 
 of three years from the date at which the 
 
 valuation was made, in any one or more of the 
 
 following ways : — 
 
 (i) By a compulsory levy, by way of increase of 
 
 the weekly rate of contributions, upon members 
 
 of the society or branch being insured persons ; 
 
 (ii) By reducing the rate of sickness benefit either 
 
 for the whole period during which sickness 
 
 benefit is payable or for any part thereof; 
 
 (iii) By deferring the day as from which sickness 
 
 benefit becomes payable ; 
 (iv) By reducing the period during which sickness 
 
 benefit is payable ; 
 (v) By increasing the period which is required by 
 this Part of this Act to elapse between two 
 periods of disease or disablement to prevent 
 the one being treated as a continuation of 
 the other ; 
 (vi) By any other method approved by the In- 
 surance Commissioners, 
 and on the sanction of the Insurance Com- 
 missioners being given to the scheme, the society 
 or branch shall proceed to make good the 
 deficiency in accordance therewith : 
 if) Payment of the amount of any compulsory levy 
 made in accordance with a scheme sanctioned 
 under this section may be enforced in such 
 
Section j8. 6i 
 
 manner as may be provided by the rules of the 
 society or branch ; and, where those rules so 
 provide, it shall be lawful for the society or branch 
 in the case of any member to enforce payment of 
 the amount of the levy by giving notice in the 
 prescribed manner to the employer of such 
 member requiring him to pay the amount of 
 the levy, and, upon such notice being given, such 
 amount shall be payable as if it were part of the 
 contribution to be paid by the employer on behalf 
 of the member, and all the provisions of this Part 
 of this Act relating to the payment of such 
 contributions and the recovery thereof from 
 members shall apply accordingly : 
 
 {d) If a member chargeable with a levy falls into 
 arrears, his arrears shall reckon as though the 
 total sum thereof, inclusive of the levy, consisted 
 of the contributions payable by or in respect of 
 him had no levy been made : 
 
 {e) If within six months after the declaration of a 
 deficiency, or, where an enquiry as to excessive 
 sickness is pending under this Part of this Act, 
 such longer period as the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners determine, such scheme as aforesaid has 
 not been submitted to and sanctioned by the 
 Insurance Commissioners) or if at any time there- 
 after it appears to the Irisurance Commissioners 
 that the society or branch to which the scheme 
 relates is not enforcing the provisions of the 
 scheme, the Insurance Commissioners may take 
 over the administration of the affairs of the 
 society or branch under this Part of this Act, and 
 shall, as soon as possible thereafter, take such 
 steps as they may think necessary to make good 
 the deficiency by any or all of the methods 
 
62 National Insurance Act. 
 
 mentioned in paragraph (b) of this section, and 
 for that purpose they shall be entitled to exercise 
 all or any of the powers given to the society or 
 branch by this Part of this Act : 
 
 (/") The Insurance Commissioners after taking over 
 the administration of the affairs of any society or 
 branch shall within a reasonable time, not 
 exceeding three years, make arrangements for 
 the restoration to the society or branch of its 
 powers of self-government or, failing that, for the 
 transfer of the members of the society or branch, 
 being insured persons, to other approved societies 
 or branches or to the Post Office fund : 
 
 (g) Any question or dispute arising between the 
 Insurance Commissioners and the society or 
 branch in respect of the amount of the deficiency, 
 or as to the adequacy of any scheme proposed for 
 making it good, shall be submitted to an 
 independent valuer to be appointed by the Lord 
 Chief Justice, and such valuer shall, subject to the 
 provisions of this Act and of the regulations 
 thereunder, act, so far as practicable, on his own 
 knowledge and experience, and shall have power 
 to determine how and by what parties the costs of 
 proceedings, including his own remuneration, not 
 exceeding such amount as the Treasury may 
 prescribe, are to be defrayed, and his decision 
 shall be final and conclusive : 
 
 {h) A scheme made under this section shall not affect 
 any person who becomes a member of the society 
 or branch after the date as at which the valuation 
 was made, or any member over seventy years of 
 age: 
 
 (i) Any insured person who, having been a member of 
 the society or branch at the date as at which the 
 
Sections j8, jg. 63 
 
 valuation disclosing^ the deficiency was made, is 
 transferred to anotlier society or to another branch 
 of the same or any other society before the defi- 
 ciency is made good, shall be liable to any levy 
 or reduction of benefits which has been or may be 
 made in respect of such deficiency in like manner 
 in all respects as if he had not ceased to be a 
 member, and if the transfer took place before the 
 scheme imposing the levy or reduction of benefits 
 was sanctioned,, such adjustment in the amount of 
 any transfer value paid in respect of him shall be 
 made as the circumstances require. 
 (2) Any member liable to a levy payable at intervals 
 may relieve himself of the liability thereto, and a member 
 subject to a diminution of benefits by virtue of any such 
 scheme may, with the consent of the society or branch, 
 acquire a right to undiminished benefits on payment to the 
 Insurance Commissioners of the capitalised value of the 
 levy or diminution of benefits, as the case may be, ascer- 
 tained in the prescribed manner. 
 
 The funds of a society raised otherwise than under the Act cannot, of course, 
 be drawn upon to meet a deficiency under this section, 
 
 Pooling arrangements in the case of small societies. 
 
 39. — (i) Subject to the provisions of this section, all 
 approved societies which at the date of any valuation have 
 less than five thousand insured persons as members for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act shall, for the purposes of 
 the valuation — 
 
 («) if they have joined an association formed under 
 this section, be associated with the other societies 
 in the same association ; and 
 {b) if they have not joined any such association, be 
 grouped together according to the localities in 
 which they carry on business. 
 
64 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) Any such societies may, with the consent of the 
 Insurance Commissioners, form for the purposes of this 
 section an association with a central financial committee, 
 provided that the aggregate number of insured persons 
 who are members of the associated societies is not less than 
 five thousand, and the conditions on which a society shall 
 be entitled or allowed to join, or having joined to secede 
 from, an association, shall be such as may be prescribed. 
 
 (3) Any such society which has not joined any such 
 -association as aforesaid, and which carries on business in 
 any county or county borough, shall, for the purposes of 
 this section, be grouped with the other unassociated 
 societies carrying on business in the same county or county 
 borough. 
 
 (4) The provisions of this Part of this Act as to the 
 application of surpluses of branches of societies with 
 branches shall apply to such associated and grouped 
 societies as if all the societies in any association or group 
 were branches of a single society, subject to the following 
 modifications : — 
 
 (a) A reference to the central financial committee in 
 the case of an association, and to the Insurance 
 Committee for the county or county borough in 
 the case of a group, shall be substituted for the 
 reference to the central authority of the society ; 
 
 (b) The approval of the central financial committee 
 
 or Insurance Committee shall not be required to 
 any scheme prepared by an associated or grouped 
 society for the distribution of any surplus. 
 
 (5) Where an associated or grouped society is a society 
 with branches, the provisions of this Part of this Act 
 relating to surpluses and deficiencies of societies with 
 branches (except those requiring the approval of a society 
 to a scheme prepared by a branch as to the distribution of 
 a. surplus or the making good of a deficiency) shall not 
 
Section jg. 65 
 
 apply to the society, but each branch shall, for the purposes 
 of this section, be deemed to be a separate society. 
 
 (6) For the purposes of this section, a society shall 
 be deemed to carry on business only in the county or 
 county borough in which its registered office or other 
 principal place of business is situate: 
 
 Provided that, where of the insured persons who are 
 members of a grouped society at the date of any 
 valuation more than one hundred or more than one- 
 sixth reside in some county or county borough other 
 than that in which the registered office or other principal 
 place of business is situate, the proper proportion of any 
 surplus or deficiency of the society shall, if application 
 for the purpose is made by any of the Insurance Com- 
 mittees concerned, be apportioned to the Insurance 
 Committee of that other county or county borough, 
 such proportion to be determined, in default of agree- 
 ment between the Insurance Committees concerned, by 
 the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (7) The Insurance Commissioners may exempt from 
 this section any society consisting of persons entitled to 
 rights in a superannuation or other provident fund 
 established for the benefit of persons employed by one 
 or more employers, if the employer, in addition to the 
 contributions payable by him under this Part of this 
 Act, is responsible for the solvency of the fund, or for 
 the benefits payable thereout, or is liable to pay a 
 substantial part of, or to make substantial contributions 
 to, or substantially to supplement the benefits payable 
 out of the fund, and this section shall not apply to any 
 society to which such an exemption has been granted. 
 
 (8) Except so far as relates to the power of refusing 
 to make good any part of a deficiency due to malad- 
 ministration on the part of any society, nothing in this 
 section shall be construed as conferring on any central 
 
 D 
 
66 National Insurance Act. 
 
 financial committee or Insurance Committee any powers 
 of control over the administration of associated or 
 grouped societies. 
 
 There are two ways in which small societies may be grouped under the 
 Act:— 
 
 (1) They may combine in an association. 
 
 (2) They may be united together in county or county borough groups. 
 The first method is voluntary. If the small societies do not adopt 
 
 it, they will be compulsorily grouped together under this section in 
 county or county borough groups. There will, of course, be no interference 
 with the business of the societies, except that which is conducted under 
 the Act. 
 
 Special provisions with regard to societies with branches. 
 
 40. — (i) Where a society with branches is so organ- 
 ised that the branches in different geographical areas 
 are grouped together for the purposes of this section, 
 the branches in any such area may, if and to such 
 extent as the rules of the society so provide, and if 
 the number of members of the branches being insured 
 persons in the area exceeds five thousand, be treated 
 for the purposes of the provisions of this Part of this 
 Act relating to valuations, surpluses, and deficiencies as 
 if they formed a separate society. 
 
 (2) The rules of any society with branches may 
 provide for the branches reinsuring with the society 
 their liabilities in respect of any of the benefits under 
 this Part of this Act, or, if the society is so organised 
 as aforesaid, for such reinsurance either with the society 
 or with the group. 
 
 (3) Where a society with branches has among its 
 members insured persons who are not members of any 
 branch, and the benefits of such members are admin- 
 istered by the society itself, such members shall be 
 treated for the purposes of this Part of this Act relat- 
 ing to valuations, surpluses, and deficiencies as if they 
 formed a Separate branch. 
 
Sections jip, ^o, 7/, ^2. 67 
 
 Power to separate men's and women's funds. 
 
 41. Where an approved society, not being a society 
 with branches, has amongst its members both men and 
 women, and the rules of the society so provide, the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act with respect to 
 valuations, surpluses, and deficiencies shall apply to the 
 society as if it were a society consisting of two 
 branches, the one comprising the male members and 
 the other comprising the female members. 
 
 Deposit Insurance. 
 
 Provisions as to deposit contributors. 
 
 42. Until the first day of January nineteen hundred 
 and fifteen, the following provisions shall apply in the 
 case of insured persons (in this Act referred to as 
 deposit contributors) who have not joined an approved 
 society within the prescribed time, or who, having been 
 members of an approved society, have been expelled 
 or have resigned therefrom and have not, within the 
 prescribed time, joined another approved society : — 
 
 {a) Contributions by or in respect of a deposit con- 
 tributor shall be credited to a special fund to be 
 called the Post Office fund : 
 
 (b) The sums required for the payment of any sick- 
 ness, disablement, or maternity benefit payable to 
 a deposit contributor, except so far as they are 
 payable out of moneys provided by Parliament, 
 shall be paid out of the money standing to his 
 credit in the Post Office fund, and his right to 
 benefits under this Part of this Act shall be 
 suspended on the sums standing to his credit in 
 that fund being exhausted, except that his right 
 to medical benefit and sanatorium benefit shall 
 continue i:ntil the expiration of the then current 
 
 D2 
 
68 National Insurance Act. 
 
 year, and that the Insurance Committee, if it has 
 funds available for the purpose and thinks fit so 
 to do, may allow him to continue to receive 
 medical benefit or sanatorium benefit or both 
 such benefits after the expiration of such year : 
 
 (c) Such sum as may be prescribed shall in each year 
 be payable in respect of each deposit contributor 
 towards the expenses incurred by the Insurance 
 Committee in the administration of benefits : 
 
 {d') Such sum as the Insurance Committee may, with 
 the consent of the Insurance Commissioners, 
 determine shall in each year be payable in respect 
 of each deposit contributor for the purposes of 
 the cost of medical benefit : 
 
 {e) The sums payable in respect of a deposit con- 
 tributor for the purposes of medical benefit and 
 sanatorium benefit, and towards the expenses of 
 administration, shall, except so far as they are 
 payable out of moneys provided by Parliament, 
 be deducted at the commencement of each year 
 from the amount standing to his credit in the 
 Post Office fund, and, if at the commencement of 
 any year the amount so standing to his credit is 
 insufficient to provide such sums, he shall not, 
 unless the Insurance Committee consents, and 
 except subject to such conditions as that com- 
 mittee may impose, be entitled to any benefits 
 during that year : 
 
 (/) Upon the death of a deposit contributor, four- 
 sevenths (or in the case of a woman one-half) of 
 the amount standing to his credit in the Post 
 Office fund shall be paid to his nominee or, in 
 default of a nomination, to the person entitled to 
 I'eceive the sum as if it were money payable on 
 the death of a member of a registered friendly 
 
Sections ^2, ^j. 69 
 
 society, and the balance thereof shall be forfeited, 
 and sections fifty-six to sixty-one of the Friendly 
 Societies Act, 1896, as amended by any sub- 
 sequent enactment, shall, subject to the prescribed 
 adaptations, apply accordingly : 
 
 S. 56 of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896 (59 & 60 Vict, c 25) empowers a 
 member of a Friendly Society to nominate a person to whom any money 
 payable on the member's death shall be paid on the happening of that event. 
 S. 57 sets forth the proceedings required on the death of a nominator. S. 58 
 provides for the intestacy of a member of a Friendly Society. S. 59 requires 
 that estate duty shall be paid when the whole estate of the deceased exceeds 
 jf 100. S. 60 provides for the validity of payments made by Friendly Societies 
 on the death of members. S. 61 requires the production of certificates of 
 death (except in certain cases defined in the section) before payments are made 
 by Friendly Societies on the death of members. 
 
 i^g) Where a deposit contributor proves to the satis- 
 faction of the Insurance Committee that he has 
 permanently ceased to reside in the United 
 Kingdom, four-sevenths (or in the case of a 
 woman one-half) of the amount standing to his 
 credit in the Post Office fund may be paid to 
 him. 
 
 Transfer from approved society to deposit insurance and 
 vice versa. 
 
 43. — (i) If an insured person, being a member of an 
 approved society, ceases to be a member of that society, 
 whether voluntarily or by expulsion, and fails to become 
 within the prescribed time a member of another approved 
 society, then — 
 
 (a) if he becomes a deposit contributor, his transfer 
 value shall be carried to his credit in the Post 
 Office fund : Provided that, if a reserve value 
 has been credited to the society in respect of 
 him, such part of that reserve value as is still 
 outstanding (or if the amount so outstanding 
 exceeds the transfer value such part of the 
 
"JO National Insurance Act. 
 
 reserve value as is equal to the transfer value) 
 shall be cancelled, and the amount, if any, by 
 which the transfer value exceeds the amount 
 so cancelled shall be carried to the credit of 
 the deposit contributor ; 
 (3) if he does not become a deposit contributor, his 
 transfer value shall be carried to such account and 
 dealt with in such manner as may be prescribed. 
 (2) If an insured person who is a deposit contributor 
 consequently becomes a member of an approved society 
 for the purposes of this Part of this Act, there shall be 
 transferred to the society the amount standing to his 
 credit in the Post Office fund. 
 Provided that — 
 
 [a) if that amount exceeds the value of the con- 
 tributions paid by or in respect of him estimated 
 on the assumption that he had been a member 
 of an approved society since his entry into 
 insurance, the excess shall not be transferred 
 to the society but shall be carried to the credit 
 of the Post Office fund ; 
 {b) if that amount is less than such value, the 
 insured person shall be treated as being in arrear 
 to the amount of the deficiency. 
 
 Provisions as to Special Classes of Insured 
 Persons. 
 
 Special provisions with respect to married women. 
 44. — (i) Where a woman who has before marriage 
 been an insured person marries, she shall be suspended 
 from receiving the ordinary benefits under this Part of 
 this Act until the death of her husband, and if she is 
 a member of an approved society one-third of her transfer 
 value shall be carried to a separate account called the 
 married women's suspense account, but if at any time 
 
Sections /?, ^^. "Jl 
 
 after the death of her husband she becomes an employed 
 contributor, the period betweeen her marriage and the 
 expiration of one month from the death of her husband 
 shall be disregarded for the purpose of reckoning arrears, 
 and there shall be transferred from the married women's 
 suspense account to the society of which she is a member 
 the proper reserve value calculated according to tables 
 to be prepared by the Insurance Commissioners : 
 
 Provided that, where a woman who has been employed 
 within the meaning of this Part of this Act before 
 marriage, proves that she continues to be so employed 
 after marriage, she shall not be so suspended so long 
 as she continues to be so employed, and that, where a 
 married woman so suspended from the ordinary beneiits 
 becomes employed within the meaning of this Part of 
 this Act before the death of her husband, contributions 
 shall thereupon again become payable in respect of 
 her, and she shall cease to be suspended from receiving 
 the ordinary benefits, but, subject to regulations made 
 by the Insurance Commissioners, she shall, for the pur- 
 poses of those benefits, be treated as if she had not 
 previously been an insured person. 
 
 (2) Where a married woman being a member of an 
 approved society is so suspended from the ordinary benefits 
 as aforesaid, she may, if she so elects within one month 
 after such suspension, or, subject to the consent of the 
 society, after the expiration of that month, and notwith- 
 standing that she is not engaged in any regular occupation, 
 become whilst so suspended a voluntary contributor, 
 subject to the following modifications, but not otherwise : — 
 («) The rate of contributions payable by her shall be 
 
 threepence a week ; 
 {b) The benefits to which she shall be entitled shall 
 be— 
 
 (i) medical benefit ; and 
 
72 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (ii) sickness benefit' and disablement benefit 
 
 at the rates and subject to the conditions 
 
 specified in Table D. of Part I. of the Fourth 
 
 Schedule .to this Act ; 
 
 if) No part of her contributions shall be retained by 
 
 the Insurance Commissioners for the purpose of 
 
 discharging their liabilities to approved societies 
 
 in respect of the reserve values created under 
 
 this Act : 
 
 Provided that, where a married woman elects not to 
 
 become such a voluntary contributor, she shall been titled 
 
 to have a sum equal to the remaining two-thirds of her 
 
 transfer value applied in accordance with regulations of the 
 
 Insurance Commissioners towards the payment of any of 
 
 the benefits specified in Part III. of the Fourth Schedule 
 
 to this Act until the same is exhausted, except that, where 
 
 a reserve value was credited to the society in respect of 
 
 such woman at the date of her entrance into insurance, so 
 
 much of such sum as aforesaid as may be prescribed shall 
 
 not be so applied but shall be written off the amount of 
 
 the reserve values credited to the society. 
 
 The effect of subsections (l) and (2) is briefly this : If a domestic servant, 
 for example, has been an insured person for ten years and then marries, two- 
 thirds of her transfer value is either given to her in the form of special benefit, 
 or, at her option, used to secure the continuance of her insurance at a reduced 
 rate of contributions and benefits. The remaining one-third secures her the 
 right to immediate insurance at the full rate in the event of her becoming a 
 viiidow. If domestic servants are provided for in illness by their employers 
 and do not desire sickness benefit, they can, under s. 13, form their own 
 approved societies, and use the money thus saved to establish superannuation 
 funds. 
 
 (3) Where the husband of a married woman who has 
 been so suspended from ordinary benefits as aforesaid and 
 who is a member of an approved society dies, she may, if 
 she is qualified to become a voluntary contributor, and 
 elects to do so within one month after the death of her 
 husband, become an ordinary voluntary contributor paying 
 
Section ^^. 73 
 
 contributions at the rate whicii would have been applicable 
 to the case had she become such a contributor at the date 
 of her entry into insurance : 
 
 Provided that she may, whether or not so qualified, if 
 she so elects within one month after the death of her 
 husband, continue to be or become a voluntary contributor 
 on the sajme terms and subject to the same conditions 
 as above provided as respects married women. 
 
 In either such case there shall be transferred from the 
 married women's suspense account to the society the 
 proper reserve value calculated as aforesaid. 
 
 (4) Where a married woman who was at the date of 
 her marriage a deposit contributor is by virtue of this 
 section suspended from the ordinary benefits under this 
 Part of this Act, two-thirds of the sum standing to her 
 credit in the Post Office fund shall be applied in 
 accordance with the regulations of the Insurance Com- 
 missioners towards the payment of anj- of the benefits 
 specified in Part III. of the Fourth Schedule to this Act 
 until the same is exhausted. 
 
 (5) Where a woman who was a married woman at 
 the commencement of this Act at any time subsequently 
 either before or within one year after the death of her 
 husband becomes an employed contributor and a member 
 of an approved society, she shall be entitled to full 
 benefits, notwithstanding that at the time of so becoming 
 she is of the age of seventeen or upwards. 
 
 (6) Where any arrears of contributions have accrued 
 due in respect of a married woman during coverture 
 such arrears shall, on the death of her husband, be 
 disregarded and she shall be thenceforth entitled to 
 benefits as if such arrears had never accrued due. 
 
 (7) Except as provided by this section, a married 
 woman shall not be entitled to become a voluntary 
 contributor, and, if a woman is before marriage a 
 
74 National Insurance Act. 
 
 voluntary contributor, she shall on marriage not be 
 entitled to continue to be such a contributor. 
 
 (8) If a woman, whilst a voluntary contributor at such 
 reduced rates of benefit as are provided by this section, 
 becomes employed within the meaning of this Part of 
 this Act, she shall be entitled to a certificate (to be 
 granted in manner herein-before provided) exempting 
 her from liability to become an employed contributor 
 so, however, that such exemption shall not exempt the 
 employer from his liability to pay contributions in 
 respect of her, or deprive him of his right to recover 
 such part of those contributions as is payable on her 
 behalf, but of each weekly contribution so paid by the 
 employer threepence shall be treated as her contribution 
 as a voluntary contributor and the balance shall be 
 applied for her benefit in such manner as the society 
 may determine. 
 
 (9) If at any time the married women's suspense 
 account is insufificient to meet the liabilities imposed on 
 it by this section, the deficiency shall be made good out 
 of the sums retained by the Insurance Commissioners 
 for discharging their liabilities in respect of the reserve 
 values created by this Act. 
 
 (10) Transfer value for the purposes of this section 
 shall be calculated in such manner as the Insurance 
 Commissioners may prescribe. 
 
 (11) Where a woman is a member of an approved 
 society at the time when she is entitled to " exercise an 
 option under this section, it shall be the duty of the 
 society to give her full information as to the nature of 
 her rights. 
 
 (12) Where a deficiency has been found in respect of 
 the society or branch of which a woman is a member 
 at a valuation previous to the time when she became 
 suspended from ordinary benefits under this Part 
 
Sections 4^, ^§. 75 
 
 of this Act, and that deficiency has not been made 
 good at the time of her marriage, or where a woman 
 is in arrears at that time, such adjustments in the sums 
 transferred to the married women's suspense account, 
 and in the balance of lier transfer value, and in the 
 rates of benefit to which she is entitled under this 
 section, shall be made as the Insurance Commissioners 
 may prescribe. 
 
 (13) Save as aforesaid, the provisions of this Part of 
 this Act shall apply to a woman who has been married, 
 both during and after coverture, in like manner as if 
 she had never been married, 
 
 (14) This section shall apply in the case of a woman 
 whose marriage has been dissolved or annulled, or who 
 has, for a period of not less than two years, been actually 
 separated from or deserted by her husband, as if her 
 husband had died at the date at which such dissolution 
 or annulment took effect, or, as the case may require, 
 at the expiration of such period of two years. 
 
 Special provisions as to aliens. 
 
 45. — (i) This Part of this Act shall apply to persons 
 of the age of seventeen or upwards at the date of entry 
 into insurance who are not British subjects, subject to 
 the following modifications : — 
 
 («) No such person shall be qualified to become a 
 member of an approved society for the purposes 
 of this Part of this Act, except upon the terms 
 and subject to the .conditions herein-after 
 mentioned ; 
 [b] No part of the benefits to which such persons 
 may become entitled shall be paid out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament ; 
 {c) The rate of sickness, disablement, and maternity 
 benefit shall, as respects a deposit contributor, be 
 
76 National Insurance Act. 
 
 reduced, in the case of men, to seven-ninths, or in 
 the case of women to three-quarters, of the rate 
 to which they Would otherwise be entitled under 
 this Part of this Act ; 
 {d) No part of the sums payable in respect of such 
 persons for medical benefit and sanatorium 
 benefit or towards the expenses of administration 
 of benefits, shall in the case of such persons, be 
 paid out of moneys provided by Parliament. 
 
 (2) Where such a person becomes a member of an 
 approved society the following provisions shall have 
 effect : — 
 
 (i) The contributions payable by or in respect of 
 such person shall be credited to the society ; 
 
 (ii) The society shall in each year pay to the 
 Insurance Committee the whole of the sums 
 payable in respect of such person for medical 
 benefit and sanatorium benefit ; 
 
 (iii) The rate and conditions of sickness benefit, and 
 disablement benefit, and maternity benefit shall 
 be such as may be determined by the society ; 
 
 (iv) Such person shall not be deemed to have joined 
 an approved society for the purposes of the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act relating to 
 reserve values, and no part of the contributions 
 of such person shall be retained by the Insur- 
 ance Commissioners towards the discharge of 
 their liabilities in respect of reserve values. 
 
 (3) A woman who, having been a British subject before 
 marriage, has ceased to be a British subject by reason of 
 marriage with a person not being a British subject, shall 
 not be subject to the provisions of this section if her 
 husband is dead, or the marriage has been dissolved or 
 annulled, or she has for a period of not less than two years 
 been actually separated from or deserted by her husband. 
 
Sections ^5, ^6. TJ 
 
 (4) This section shall not apply to any person who, on 
 the fourth day of May nineteen hundred and eleven, was a 
 member of a society which, or a separate section of which, 
 becomes an approved society, and had then been resident 
 in the United Kingdom for five years or upwards, or to 
 any person who is transferred to an approved society or 
 the Post Office fund in pursuance of an arrangement with 
 the Government of any foreign State. 
 
 A foreigner, who has been naturalized, is, of course, not an alien. 
 
 Special provisions with regard to persons in the naval and 
 military service of the Crown. 
 
 46. — (i) For the purpose of providing seamen, marines, 
 
 and soldiers with such benefits during their term of service 
 
 and after their return to civil life as are herein-after in this 
 
 section mentioned, there shall be deducted from the pay 
 
 of every seaman and marine within the meaning of the 
 
 Naval and Marine Pay and Pensions Act, 1865, and of zs&igVict. 
 
 . c. 73. 
 
 every soldier of the regular forces (other than soldiers of 
 
 His Majesty's Indian Forces, the Royal Malta Artillery, 
 
 and native soldiers of any regiment raised outside the 
 
 United Kingdom), the sum of one penny halfpenny a 
 
 week, and there shall be contributed by the Admiralty 
 
 and the Army Council respectively, out of moneys 
 
 provided by Parliament for navy and army services, in 
 
 respect of every such seaman, marine, and soldier who has 
 
 joined an approved society in the manner hereafter 
 
 mentioned, the sum of one penny halfpenny a week, and, in 
 
 respect of every other such seaman, marine, and soldier, 
 
 such sum per week as may be prescribed : 
 
 Provided that no such deduction shall be made from the 
 
 pay of a seaman, marine, or soldier who has completed the 
 
 period of his first engagement and has re-engaged for 
 
 pension unless he so elects within the prescribed time, and 
 
78 National Insurance Act. 
 
 that no contribution shall be made by the Admiralty or 
 Army Council in respect of any week in respect of which 
 such a deduction is not made. 
 
 (2) A seaman, marine, or soldier — 
 
 («) who was at the date of his entry or enlistment an 
 insured person and had joined and was at that 
 date a member of an approved society ; or 
 {b) who within six months from the date of his entry 
 or enlistment, or, in the case of a seaman, marine, 
 or soldier serving at the commencement of this 
 Act, within six months after the commencement 
 of this Act, or within such longer period as may 
 be prescribed, joins an approved society for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act ; 
 shall, for the purposes of this Part of this Act, be treated as 
 if he were an employed contributor, subject, until his 
 discharge, to the following modifications : — 
 
 (i) The employed rate shall be three pence, and the 
 deductions made from his pay and the contri- 
 butions made in respect of him by the 
 Admiralty or Army Council shall be treated as 
 the contributions paid in respect of him : 
 (ii) He shall- not be entitled to medical benefit, 
 sanatorium benefit, sickness benefit, or disable- 
 ment benefit ; 
 (iii) Maternity benefit shall be payable, notwith- 
 standing that both he and his wife are resident 
 outside the United Kingdom at the date of the 
 confinement, and the society may arrange with 
 the Admiralty or Army Council for the admin- 
 istration of the benefit through the Admiralt}- 
 or Army Council ; 
 (iv) The sum to be retained out of each weekl}- 
 contribution by the Insurance Commissioners 
 towards the discharge of their liabilities in 
 
Section 4.6. 79 
 
 respect of reserve values shall be one penny, 
 
 and the remaining five-ninths of a penny shall. 
 
 be paid out of the. Navy and Army Insurance 
 
 Fund herein-after constituted. 
 (3) With respect to seamen, marines, and soldiers who 
 have not joined an approved society as aforesaid, the 
 following provisions shall have effect : — 
 
 {a) The sums so deducted and the contributions so 
 made as aforesaid in respect of such men shall be 
 paid into the National Health Insurance Fund, 
 and out of such sums there shall be retained by 
 the Insurance Commissioners towards discharging 
 their liabilities in respect of the reserve values 
 created under this Part of this Act the like 
 amount as if such men were members of approved 
 societies, and the balance shall be credited to a 
 special fund to be called the Navy and Army 
 Insurance Fund : 
 {Jj) There shall also be paid into the Navy and Army 
 Insurance Fund in each year out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament a sum equal to two-ninths 
 of the amount, calculated in the prescribed 
 manner, which would have been payable in that 
 year in respect of medical, sanatorium, sickness, 
 and disablement benefits (including expenses of 
 administration) had all seamen, marines, and 
 soldiers from whose pay deductions are made 
 under this section been members of approved 
 societies. and entitled to such benefits as employed 
 contributors ; 
 [c) The weekly contributions to be made by the 
 Admiralty and Army Council in respect of such 
 men shall be such as may from time to time be 
 required to keep the Navy and Army Insurance 
 Fund solvent : 
 
8o National Insurance Act. 
 
 (d) If any such man was at the date of his entry or 
 enlistment a deposit contributor he shall, for the 
 purpose of dealings with the sum standing to his 
 credit in the Post Office fund, be treated as if the 
 Navy and Army Insurance Fund had been an 
 approved society, and he had at the date of his 
 entry or enlistment become a member of that 
 society : 
 
 [e) In the case of a seaman, marine, or soldier serving 
 
 at the commencement of this Act, there shall be 
 credited to the Navy and Army Insurance Fund 
 such reserve value as would have been credited to 
 an approved society had he at that date become a 
 member of the society as an employed contri- 
 butor : Provided that no such reserve value shall 
 be credited to that fund if at the date aforesaid 
 he had completed the period of his first engage- 
 ment and had re-engaged for pension, unless he 
 elects to have deductions made from his pay, or 
 unless, not having so elected, he becomes on 
 discharge entitled to benefits payable out of that 
 fund as herein-after mentioned : 
 
 (y) Every such man shall, until discharged, be entitled 
 to maternity benefit payable out of the Navy and 
 Army Insurance Fund, and shall be entitled to 
 such benefit, notwithstanding that both he and his 
 wife are at the date of the confinement resident 
 outside the United Kingdom, and the benefit 
 shall be administered by the Admiralty and 
 Army Council either directly or through Insurance 
 Committees : 
 
 {g) On the discharge of a seaman, marine, or soldier, 
 from whose pay deductions have been made and 
 continue to be made up to the date of his 
 discharge, there shall be debited to the Navy and 
 
Section ^6. 8i 
 
 Army Insurance Fund, and if he becomes a 
 member of an approved society within the 
 prescribed time from his discharge, there shall be 
 credited to that society, or, if he does not become 
 a member of such a society within the prescribed 
 time from his discharge, there shall, unless he 
 becomes entitled to benefits out of the Navy and 
 Army Insurance Fund as herein-after mentioned, 
 be carried to his credit in the Post Ofifice fund the 
 transfer value which would have been payable in 
 respect of him had he been a member of an 
 approved society throughout his period of service, 
 or, in the case of a man serving at the date of the 
 commencement of this Act, since that date, and, if 
 he becomes a deposit contributor, so much of the 
 reserve value, if any, credited to the Navy and 
 Arm}- Insurance Fund in respect of him shall be 
 cancelled as would have been cancelled had he 
 been transferred from an approved society to the 
 Post Office fund : 
 {h) A man discharged from service as a seaman, 
 marine, or soldier who proves that the state of 
 his health is such that he cannot obtain admis- 
 sion to an approved society may, if he so elects, 
 on making application to the Insurance Com- 
 missioners in the prescribed manner within three 
 months of his discharge, or such longer time as 
 may be prescribed, become, subject to regulations 
 made by the Insurance Commissioners after con- 
 sultation with the Admiralty and Army Council, 
 entitled to benefits (other than additional benefits) 
 provided under this Part of this Act at the full 
 rate, the cost of which benefits shall be payable 
 out of the Navy and Army Insurance Fund, and 
 such benefits shall be administered by Insurance 
 
82 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Committees or otherwise in such manner as may 
 be prescribed by such regulations as aforesaid, 
 and any contributions paid under this Part of this 
 Act by or in respect of him shall be paid into 
 that fund : 
 Provided that- — 
 
 (i) no deduction from benefits shall be made on 
 account of any pension to which a man may be 
 entitled ; 
 (ii) the rate of sickness benefit shall be reduced, in 
 the case of a man who entered into insurance 
 when of the age of seventeen or upwards or 
 who is in arrears, to the like extent as it would 
 be reduced had he been an employed con- 
 tributor and a member of an approved society 
 who entered into insurance at the like age 
 or who is in arrears to the like extent, so 
 however that the rate of sickness benefit 
 shall in no case be reduced below five shillings 
 a week ; 
 (iii) there shall in each year be repaid to the Navy 
 and Army Insurance Fund, out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament, a sum equal to two- 
 ninths of the amount expended out of the fund 
 on such benefits as aforesaid, including the 
 expenses of administration ; 
 (iv) if a man who is so erftitled to benefits payable 
 out of the Navy and- Army Insurance Fund at 
 any time becomes a member of an approved 
 society for the purposes of this Part of this Act, 
 he shall cease to be entitled to benefits payable 
 out of that fund, and there shall be debited to that 
 fund and credited to such society the transfer 
 value which would have been so debited and- 
 credited if he had been at that time transferred 
 
Section ^6. 83 
 
 from one approved society to another approved 
 society. 
 
 (4) In the application of this Part of this Act to a man 
 who is or has been a seaman, marine, or soldier, and to 
 whom this section applies — 
 
 (i) the date of his entry or enlistment as a seaman, 
 marine, or soldier, or, if he was serving at the 
 commencement of this Act, the date of that com- 
 mencement, shall, unless he was an insured 
 person at the date of his entry or enlistment, be 
 treated as the date of his entry into insurance ; 
 
 (ii) deductions from pay, with the corresponding 
 contributions made by the Admiralty and Army 
 Council, shall be treated as payments of con- 
 tributions at the employed rate for the purpose 
 of reckoning the number of contributions made 
 in respect of him, arrears, and transfer value, 
 and for the purpose of qualifications for becoming 
 a voluntary contributor ; 
 
 (iii) a seaman, marine, or soldier during his term of 
 service shall, if he has joined an approved 
 society as aforesaid before his entry or enlist- 
 ment, be deemed to reside in that part of the 
 United Kingdom in which he resided immediately 
 before his entry or enlistment, or, if after his 
 entry or enlistment, in the part of the United 
 Kingdom in which the registered office or other 
 principal place of business of the society or branch 
 which he has joined is situate, and in any other 
 case in England, and all persons entitled to benefits 
 payable out of the Navy and Army Insurance 
 Fund shall be deemed to reside in England. 
 
 (5) Discharge shall, in the case of a seaman, marine, 
 or soldier who on the completion of any term of service 
 is transferred to a reserve, include such transfer. 
 
84 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (6) This section shall not apply to a seaman, marine, 
 or soldier who entered or enlisted before the age of 
 sixteen until he attains that age, and on attaining that 
 age shall apply to him as if he had entered or enlisted 
 at the time when he attained that age. 
 
 (7) The foregoing provisions of this section shall, 
 subject to such adaptations and modifications as may be 
 prescribed, apply to men belonging to the Naval 
 Reserves when employed on service during war or any 
 emergency, and to men of the Army Reserve when 
 called out on permanent service, and to men of the 
 Territorial Force when called out on embodiment, but, 
 except as aforesaid, shall not apply to any such men. 
 
 (8) Where a man of the Naval Reserves, the Army 
 Reserve, or the Territorial Force is being trained and is 
 in receipt of pay out of the moneys provided by 
 Parliament for Navy or Army services, he shall for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act be deemed, whilst so 
 training, to be employed within the meaning of this 
 Part of this Act and to be in the sole employment of 
 the Crown. Provided that this subsection shall not apply 
 to a man who was not immediately before the training 
 an insured person, except in such cases and under such 
 circumstances as may be specified in a special order 
 made by the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 Special provisions where employer liable to pay wages 
 during sickness. 
 
 47. — (i) The Insurance Commissioners shall from time 
 to time make special orders specifying any classes of 
 employment in which a custom or practice is shown to 
 their satisfaction to prevail according to which the 
 persons employed receive full remuneration during 
 periods of disease or disablement, or any part thereof, 
 
Sections ^6, ^7. 85 
 
 and, where the custom or practice is confined to certain 
 localities, the order shall also specify the localities in 
 which the custom prevails, and, subject to the provisions 
 of this section, the order may contain Such incidental, 
 supplemental, and consequential provisions as appear 
 necessary for adapting the other provisions of this Part 
 of this Act to cases under this section. 
 
 (2) It shall be lawful for any employer who employs 
 persons ■ in any class of employment specified in any 
 such order, within a locality (if the custom is confined 
 to certain localities) so specified, to give to the Insurance 
 Commissioners the prescribed notice, and thereupon the 
 employer shall, as respects all such persons, be subject 
 to the liabilities,, and this Part of this Act shall apply 
 in respect of all such persons, subject to the modifica- 
 tions herein-after mentioned. 
 
 (3). The employer shall be liable to pay full 
 remuneration to every such person during any period or 
 periods not exceeding six weeks in the aggregate in any- 
 one year during which such person may be suffering 
 from any disease or disablement commencing while such 
 person is in his employment, notwithstanding that such 
 person may have left his employment before . the 
 expiration of that time : 
 
 Provided that, if any such person is engaged for a 
 term of not less than six months certain, the employer 
 shall be liable to pay full remuneration during any 
 period of disease or disablement lasting less than six 
 weeks, and for the first six weeks of any period of disease 
 or disablement lasting more than six weeks, notwith- 
 standing that the aggregate exceeds six weeks, but, 
 where any such period extends beyond the term of the 
 engagement, the employer shall not be liable to make 
 any payment in respect of any part thereof after the 
 expiration of such term. 
 
86 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (4) This Part of this Act shall apply in respect of 
 persons so employed as aforesaid, subject to the 
 following modifications : — 
 
 (a) Sickness benefit shall not be payable in respect 
 of any period during which full remuneration 
 is payable by the employer under this section, 
 but, for the purpose of calculating the rate and 
 duration thereof, shall be deemed to have been 
 paid for six weeks before the date as from 
 which it becomes actually payable : 
 {!}) The employed rate shall be reduced by two pence 
 (or, where the employed contributor is a woman, 
 one penny halfpenny) : 
 
 (c) The weekly contributions payable by the employer 
 
 shall be reduced by one penny (or, where the 
 employed contributor is a woman, one halfpenny), 
 and the weekly contributions payable by the 
 employed contributor shall be reduced by one 
 penny : 
 
 (d) There shall be credited to the approved society of 
 
 which any such person is a member, or, if he is a 
 deposit contributor, to his account in the Post 
 Office fund, the difference between the amount of 
 contributions at such reduced rate actually paid 
 in respect of him and the amount which would 
 have been paid if those contributions had been at 
 the full rate, and the amount of that difference 
 shall be treated as having been expended on 
 sickness benefit, and the proper proportion 
 thereof shall accordingly be paid out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament : 
 
 (e) Contributions shall not be payable in respect of 
 
 any period of disease or disablement during 
 which full remuneration is payable under this 
 section if the prescribed notice has been given : 
 
Section ^j. 87 
 
 (/) The rules of an approved society or Insurance 
 Committee as to notices and proof of disease and 
 disablement may extend to periods of disease 
 and disablement during which full remuneration 
 is payable under this section. 
 
 (5) Where a person on ceasing to be so employed 
 becomes temporarily unemployed, paragraphs {b) and [d) 
 of the last foregoing subsection shall continue to apply in 
 respect of him, and sickness benefit shall not be payable 
 in respect of the first six weeks of any period of disease or 
 disablement commencing after he ceased to be so em- 
 ployed, but, for the purpose of calculating the rate and 
 duration thereof, shall be deemed to have been paid during 
 those six weeks, and notwithstanding anything in this 
 Part of this Act a disease or disablement shall not, for the 
 purposes of sickness benefit, be treated as a continuation 
 of a previous disease or disablement unless the medical 
 practitioner attending such person certifies that it in fact 
 is so. 
 
 (6) Where such a person as aforesaid ceases to be 
 employed within the meaning of this Part of this Act, and 
 is entitled to become a voluntary contributor paying 
 contributions at the employed rate, paragraphs {b) and {d) 
 of subsection (4) shall, if he becomes a voluntary contribu- 
 tor, continue to apply in respect of him, and sickness 
 benefit shall not be payable in respect of the first six 
 weeks of any period of disease or disablement commencing 
 after he became a voluntary contributor, but, for the 
 purpose of calculating the rate and duration thereof, shall 
 be deemed to have been paid during those six weeks, and, 
 notwithstanding anything in this Part of this Act, a disease 
 or disablement shall not, for the purposes of sickness 
 benefit, be treated as a continuation of a previous disease 
 or disablement unless the medical practitioner attending 
 such person certifies that it in fact is so : 
 
88 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Provided that, if any such person at any time wishes to 
 become an ordinary voluntary contributor, he may become 
 such after the payment of twenty-six weekly contributions 
 at the full rate, or, if the society of which he is a member 
 consents, after the payment of such less number of such 
 contributions as the society may appoint. 
 
 (7) Where any employers wish to avail themselves of 
 the provisions of this section as respects the persons 
 employed by them in a class of employment, or in a 
 locality, in which no such custom or practice as aforesaid 
 exists, they may apply to the Insurance Commissioners, 
 and the Commissioners, if, after ascertaining the views of 
 the persons so employed, they think fit, may make a 
 special order extending the provisions of this section as 
 respects the applicants to the class of employment or 
 locality mentioned in the application as if it were a class 
 of employment or locality in wTiich such a custom or 
 practice as aforesaid prevailed. 
 
 (8) Any question as to whether an employer is entitled 
 to avail himself of the provisions of this section as respects 
 any persons employed by him shall be determined by the 
 Insurance Committee, subject to appeal to the Insurance 
 Commissioners. 
 
 (9) The "payment of contributions purporting to be 
 at the reduced rate authorised by this section as 
 respects any persons employed by an employer in any 
 class of employment, shall be conclusive evidence that 
 he is, as respects those persons and all other persons 
 employed by him in the same class of employment 
 in the same locality, under the liability imposed by this 
 section. 
 
 (10) An employer who has given such notice as afore- 
 said may, by giving three months' previous notice to 
 the Insurance Committee, withdraw his notice as from 
 the commencement of the next calendar year, and in 
 
Sections ^7, ^<?. 89 
 
 such case, as from that date, this section shall cease to 
 apply in respect of the persons employed by him in 
 the class of employment to which the notice of \\ith- 
 drawal relates. 
 
 (11) None of the provisions of this section shall apply 
 as respects any person employed at a rate of remun- 
 eration which is less than ten shillings a week. 
 
 (12) Nothing in this section shall relieve any em- 
 ployer from any legal liability to pay wages during 
 sickness to any person employed by him in accordance 
 with any established custom. 
 
 Special provisions as to the mercantile marine. 
 
 48. In the application of this Part of this Act to 
 masters, seamen, and apprentices to the sea service 
 and the sea fishing service, the following provisions 
 shall have effect : — 
 
 (i) Neither sickness benefit nor disablement benefit 
 shall be paid to a master, seaman, or appren-' 
 tice suffering from any disease or disablement 
 in respect of any period during which the 
 owner of the ship is under the Merchant Ship- 57 ^i^ vict. 
 ping Act, 1894, as amended by any subsequent 
 enactment, or otherwise, liable to defray the 
 expense of the necessary surgical and medical 
 • advice and attendance and medicine, and of 
 his maintenance, but, for the purpose of calcu- 
 lating the rate and duration of sickness benefit, 
 such benefit shall be deemed to have been 
 paid from the commencement of the disease or 
 disablement until the determination of such 
 liability as aforesaid, and he shall not be entitled 
 to medical benefit during such period : 
 
 The Merchant Shipping Act, 1894, s. 207, made provision for the medical 
 treatment and maintenance of seamen in cases of illness. This section has 
 
90 National Insurance Act. 
 
 been repealed and the law is now set forth by the Merchant Shipping Act, 
 1906 (6 Edw. 7, c. 48), 3. 34, which runs as follows : — 
 
 34. — (i) If the master of, or a seaman belonging to, a ship receives any 
 hurt or injury in the service of the ship, or suffers from any illness (not 
 being venereal disease, or an illness due to his own wilful act or default 
 or to his own misbehaviour), the expense of providing the necessary 
 surgi'cal and medical advice and attendance and medicine, and also the 
 expenses of the maintenance of the master or seaman until he is cured, or 
 dies, or is returned to a proper return port, and of his conveyance to" Che 
 port, and in the case of death the expense (if any) of his burial, shall be 
 defrayed by the owner of the ship, without any deduction on that account 
 from his wages. 
 
 (2) If the master or a seaman is on account of any illness temporarily 
 removed from his ship for the purpose of preventing infection, or otherwise 
 for the convenience of the ship, and subsequently returns to his duty, the 
 expense of the removal and of providing the necessary advice and attendance 
 and medicine, and of his maintenance while away from the ship, shall be 
 defrayed in like manner. 
 
 (3) The expense of all medicines, surgical and medical advice, and attend- 
 ance, given to a master or seaman whilst on board his ship shall be defrayed 
 in like manner. 
 
 (4) In all other cases any reasonable expenses duly incurred by the owner 
 for any seaman in respect of illness, and also any reasonable expenses duly 
 incurred by the owner in respect of the burial of any seaman who dies whilst 
 on service, shall, if duly proved, be deducted from the wages of the seaman. 
 
 (2) In the case of masters, seamen, and apprentices 
 serving on foreign-going ships or ships engaged 
 in regular trade on foreign stations, the employed 
 rate and the employers' contributions shall each 
 be reduced by one penny a week, and every 
 four weekly contributions paid in any calendar 
 year by a master, seaman, or apprentice whilst 
 serving on such a ship shall, for the purposes 
 of determining the number of contributions to 
 be paid by him in that year and for the pur- 
 poses of calculating arrears, be treated as five 
 such contributions : 
 Provided that — 
 
 {a) nothing in this provision shall affect the num- 
 ber of employer's contributions to be paid in 
 
Section ^8. 91 
 
 respect of such a master, seaman, or appren- 
 tice, but no employer's contributio/is paid in 
 respect of any week in respect of which no 
 contribution is payable by the master, seaman, 
 or apprentice shall be taken into account in 
 reckoning the amount of his arrears ; 
 {b) there shall be credited to the approved society 
 of which the master, seaman, or apprentice 
 is a member, or, if he is a deposit contributor, 
 to his account in the Post Office fund, a 
 sum equal to two-fifths of the amount of the 
 contributions actually paid in respect of him, 
 and an equal sum shall be treated as having 
 been expended on sickness benefit, and the 
 proper proportion thereof shall accordingly 
 be paid out of moneys provided by Parlia- 
 ment : 
 (3) A master, seaman, or apprentice who is neither 
 domiciled nor has a place of residence in the 
 United Kingdom shall not be deemed to be 
 employed within the meaning of this Part of 
 this Act, but the employer shall be liable to 
 pay the same contributions in respect of him 
 as would otherwise have been payable by him 
 as employer's contributions, except in cases 
 where the ship is engaged in regular trade on 
 foreign stations : 
 (4) The Board of Trade shall, as soon as may be 
 after the passing of this Act, cause a society 
 to be formed, to be called the Seamen's National 
 Insurance Society, of which any masters, sea- 
 men, and apprentices to the sea service and 
 the sea fishing service who are employed within 
 the meaning of this Part of this Act shall be 
 entitled to become members, but nothing in 
 
92 National Insurance Act. 
 
 this section shall prevent any such person joining 
 another approved society instead of the society 
 so formed : 
 
 (5) The affairs of the Seamen's National Insurance 
 
 Society shall be managed by a committee con- 
 stituted in accordance with a scheme to be 
 prepared by the Board of Trade with the 
 approval of the Insurance Commissioners, com- 
 prising representatives of the Board of Trade, of 
 shipowners, and of members of the society in 
 equal proportions, and the society shall, notwith- 
 standing anything in this Part of this Act, 
 become an approved society : 
 
 (6) All contributions paid by employers in respect 
 
 of masters, seamen, or apprentices who are 
 neither domiciled nor have a place of residence 
 in the United Kingdom, and consequently deemed 
 not to be employed within the meaning of this 
 Part of this Act, shall be credited to the Seamen's 
 National Insurance Society ; 
 
 (7) In addition to medical, sanatorium, sickness, dis- 
 ablement, and maternity benefits, members of 
 the Seamen's National Insurance Society shall 
 be entitled to such other benefits as may be pro- 
 vided under a scheme to be prepared by the 
 committee of management, with the approval of 
 the Board of Trade and the Insurance Com- 
 missioners, and such other benefits shall include 
 pensions for masters and seamen with long sea 
 service, and the scheme may provide for pre- 
 ference being given to masters and seamen who 
 have served in foreign-going ships or ships 
 engaged in foreign trade over those who have 
 served in the coasting and home trade ships, and 
 such preference may be proportionate to the 
 
Section ^8. 93 
 
 length of time spent in the first-mentioned ser- 
 vice : Provided that — 
 
 {a) the scheme shall provide for making a proper 
 proportion of the sums credited to the Seamen's 
 National Insurance Society under the last fore- 
 going subsection applicable towards the pay- 
 ment of pensions or superannuation allowances 
 granted by other approved societies to members 
 \\ith such sea service that, had they been 
 members of the Seamen's National Insurance 
 Society, they would have been entitled to 
 pensions under the scheme ; and 
 
 {b) in the case of the transfer of a member of the 
 society to another approved society, the transfer 
 value payable in respect of him shall be calcu- 
 lated with reference to the liabilities of the 
 society for benefits other than such pensions as 
 aforesaid : 
 
 (8) The rules of the Seamen's National Insurance 
 
 Society shall provide for allowing a member who 
 leaves the sea service and is unable to obtain 
 admission to another approved society on account 
 of the state of his health to continue a member of 
 the Seamen's National Insurance Society for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act, and the rules of 
 that society may provide that a member of the 
 society who has fulfilled the conditions entitling 
 him to such pension as aforesaid shall not be 
 deprived of his right to the pension by reason 
 only that he has ceased to be a member of the 
 society at the time when the pension first be- 
 comes payable or ceases so to be at any 
 subsequent time : 
 
 (9) Where a master, seaman, or apprentice is at the 
 
 commencement of this Act a member of a society 
 
94 National Insurance Act. 
 
 which becomes an approved society he may, if 
 that society and the Seamen's National Insurance 
 Society so agree, continue to be a member of the 
 first-mentioned society for the purposes of benefits 
 under this Part of this Act other than pension, 
 and become a member of the last-mentioned 
 society for the purposes of pension only, and in 
 such case the balance of the contributions payable 
 in respect of him (after deducting the sums to 
 be retained by the Insurance Commissioners 
 towards discharging their liabilities in respect of 
 reserve values) shall be divided between the two 
 societies in such proportion as they may agree : 
 (lo) Expressions in this section have the same 
 meaning as in the Merchant Shipping Acts, 1894 
 to 1907, but the expressions "foreign-going ships" 
 and "home trade" ships include ships engaged in 
 the sea fishing service, and the expression " ship 
 engaged in regular trade on foreign stations " 
 means a ship engaged regularly in trade between 
 ports outside the British Islands when trading 
 between such ports, but, for the purposes of this 
 provision, a ship shall not be deemed not to be 
 engaged in such a trade by reason only that she 
 puts into a port in the United Kingdom for the 
 purpose of survey or repair : 
 
 The following definitions are given in the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 
 (57 & 58 Vict., i;. 60), a. 742 :— 
 
 " Ship " includes every description of vessel used in navigation not propelled 
 by oars. 
 
 "Foreign-going ship" includes every ship employed in trading or going 
 between some place or places in the United Kingdom, and some place or places 
 situate beyond the following limits ; that is to say, the coasts of the United 
 Kingdom, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, and the continent of Europe, 
 between the River Elbe and Brest inclusive : 
 
 "Home trade ship" includes every ship employed in trading or going 
 within the following limits ; that is to say, the United Kingdom, the ChanneJ 
 
Section ^S. 95 
 
 Islands and Isle of Man, and the continent of Europe, belween the River Elbe 
 and Brest inclusive. 
 
 " Master " includes every person (except a pilot) having command or charge 
 of any ship. 
 
 "Seaman" includes every person (except masters, pilots, and apprentices 
 duly indentured and registered), employed or engaged in any capacity on board 
 any ship. 
 
 The Merchant Shipping Act, 1906 (6 Edw. 7, c. 48), s. 49 (2) provides that 
 in that Act " the expression ' seamen ' includes not only seamen as defined by 
 the principal Act, but also apprentices to the sea service." 
 
 In The Ruby [No. 3), [1898]. P. 59, it was decided that the ship's husband 
 is not a " seaman." 
 
 (11) The provisions of this Part of this Act affecting 
 the employed rate and the rates of contributions 
 of employers and contributors in Ireland, and 
 depriving insured persons in Ireland of medical 
 benefit, shall not apply to any such master, 
 seaman, or apprentice, unless he has a permanent 
 place of residence in Ireland and is not a member 
 of the Seamen's National Insurance Society ; and, 
 in the case of a master, seaman, or apprentice 
 serving on a foreign-going ship or a ship engaged 
 in foreign trade to whom such provisions do apply 
 the amount by which the employed rate and the 
 employer's contributions are to be reduced shall 
 be one halfpenny a week : 
 
 (12) Members of the Seamen's National Insurance 
 Society shall, for the purposes of this Part of this 
 Act, be deemed to reside in England, and the 
 medical benefit and sanatorium beneiit of such 
 members shall be administered by the Society 
 instead of by the Insurance Committee, and the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act relating to the 
 administration of those benefits shall apply 
 accordingly subject to such modifications as may 
 be prescribed, but nothing in this provision shall 
 prevent the society agreeing with Insurance 
 
96 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Committees for the administration of those 
 benefits by the Committees in relation to 
 individual members of the society. 
 
 Provisions as to persons over sixty-five at co7nmencement of 
 Act. 
 
 49. — (i) If any person who is of the age of sixty-five or 
 upwards and under the age of seventy at the commence- 
 ment of this Act is employed within the meaning of this 
 Part of this Act, the like contributions shall, until he 
 attains the age of seventy, be payable by his employer in 
 respect of him as in the case of employed contributors, and 
 the provisions of this Part of this Act relating to the 
 payments of contributions and the recovery thereof shall 
 apply accordingly. 
 
 (2) For every weekly contribution made by or in 
 respect of such a person, there shall be contributed out 
 of moneys provided by Parliament the sum of two 
 pence. 
 
 (3) If such a person becomes a member of an 
 approved society for the purposes of this section all 
 contributions payable in respect of him under this 
 section (including contributions out of moneys provided 
 by Parliament) shall be credited to the society, and he 
 shall become entitled to such benefits as the society 
 may determine, but no reserve value shall be credited 
 to the society in respect of him and no part of the 
 contributions payable in respect of him shall be retained 
 by the Insurance Commissioners towards the discharge 
 of their liabilities in respect of reserve values. 
 
 (4) If such a person does not become a member of 
 an approved society as aforesaid he shall become a 
 deposit contributor, and accordingly all contributions 
 payable in respect of him (including contributions out 
 
Sections 4.8, ^p, 50, 57. 97 
 
 of moneys provided by Parliament) shall be carried to 
 his credit in the Post Office fund, but the benefits to 
 which he becomes entitled shall be such as may be 
 determined By the Insurance Committee. 
 
 (S) No part of the cost of benefits under this sectiom 
 shall be payable out of moneys provided by Parliament. 
 
 Special provisions as to seasonal trades. 
 
 50. Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the 
 Insurance Commissioners that a trade or business 
 carried on by any employers is of a seasbnal nature 
 and subject to periodical fluctuation, and that those 
 employers systematically employ persons throughout the 
 year and work short time during the season when 
 the trade or business is depressed, the Insurance Com- 
 missioners may make a special order reducing, as 
 respects such persons, the employed rate and the con- 
 tributions payable by the employers and contributors 
 to such extent and for such period in the year as may 
 be specified in the order, and increasing such rate and 
 contributions to a corresponding extent and for a 
 corresponding period during the remainder of the year, 
 and the order may contain such incidental, supplemental, 
 and consequential provisions as may appear necessary 
 for adapting the other provisions of this Part of this 
 Act to cases under this section. 
 
 Special provisions as to inmates of charitable homes, etc. 
 
 61, — (i) Where the managers of any institution 
 carried on for charitable or reformatory purposes prove 
 that the persons who are inmates of and supported by 
 the institution receive maintenance and medical attend- 
 ance when sick, the Insurance Commissioners may grant 
 
 E 
 
98 National Insurance Act. 
 
 a certificate of exemption to those managers, and where 
 such a certificate of exemption is granted, any such 
 inmates who are employed by the managers of the 
 institution shall not, in respect of such employment, be 
 deemed to be employed within the meaning of this 
 Part of this Act : 
 
 Prbvided that it shall be a condition of such exemp- 
 tion that the managers shall be liable to pay in respect 
 of any such inmate who, having been an inmate of the 
 institution for more than six months, leaves the insti- 
 tution, the following sums : — 
 
 (a) In the case of a person who was at the time 
 
 of entering the institution below the age of 
 
 sixteen, such capital sum as will be sufficient 
 
 to secure him benefits under this Part of this 
 
 Act at the full rate ; 
 
 {b) In the case of a person who was at the time 
 
 of entering the institution of the age of sixteen 
 
 or upwards, and who was at that time an 
 
 insured person and a member of an approved 
 
 society, a sum equal to the value, calculated 
 
 in the prescribed manner, of the contributions 
 
 which, apart from this section, would have 
 
 been payable in respect of him during the 
 
 time he was in the institution. 
 
 (2) Every such inmate as aforesaid shall, if he was 
 
 an insured person before entering the institution, be 
 
 suspended from benefits whilst he is such an inmate, 
 
 and, if he was at such time a member of an approved 
 
 society and has been • an inmate of the institution for 
 
 a period exceeding six months the time during which 
 
 he is in the institution shall be disregarded for the 
 
 purpose of reckoning arrears. 
 
 This section covers labour homes, houses of mercy, penitentiary laundries, 
 and similar institutions. 
 
Sections 51, 52, jj. 99 
 
 Special provisions as to persons becoming certificated 
 
 teachers. 
 
 52. Where a person who has been employed to teach 
 
 in a public elementary school ceases to be employed within 
 
 the meaning of this Part of this Act by reason of 
 
 becomin? a teacher to whom the Elementary School *' ** ''^ ^''^'• 
 
 fa ■' c. 57. 
 
 Teachers (Superannuation) Act, 1898, applies and does 
 not become a voluntary contributor, there shall be 
 paid to the Board of Education by the approved society 
 of which he is a member or, if he is not a member 
 of. an approved society, out of the amount standing to 
 his credit in the Post Office fund, a sum equal to the 
 value calculated in the prescribed manner of the con- 
 tributions paid by or in respect of him under this Part 
 of this Act since he first began to teach in ■ a public 
 elementary school, or, if the amount standing to his 
 credit is less than that sum, then the whole amount so 
 standing to his credit ; and the sum so paid to the 
 Board of Education shall be placed by them to his 
 credit in the Deferred Annuity fund in accordance with 
 the rules for the time being applicable thereto. 
 
 The teachers, to whom the Elementary School Teachers (Superannuation) 
 Act, 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 57) applies, are Elementary school teachers 
 certificated by the Education Department. 
 
 Application to other persons in the service of the Crowti. 
 
 53. — (i) This Part of this Act shall apply to persons 
 employed by or under the Crown, other than those with 
 respect to whom special provision is made by this Part of 
 this Act, in like manner as if the employer were a private 
 person : 
 
 Provided that, in the case of a person employed in the 
 private service of the Crown, the head of the department 
 of the Royal Household in which he is employed shall be 
 deemed to be his employer. 
 
 E2 
 
lOO National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) The provisions of this Act relating to reduced 
 insurance in cases where the employer is Hable to pay 
 wages during sickness shall extend in respect of persons 
 employed by or under the Crown to cases where two-thirds 
 only of the full remuneration are payable during periods, 
 or parts of periods, of disease or disablement, if such 
 remuneration is so payable for not less than three months 
 in any year, and those provisions shall apply accordingly 
 as if two-thirds of the full remuneration were substituted 
 for the full remuneration and as if three months were 
 substituted for six weeks as the maximum amount of 
 time during any year such remuneration is payable. 
 
 Financial Provisions. 
 
 National Health Insurance Fund. 
 
 54. — (i) All sums received in respect of contributions 
 under this Part of this Act and all sums paid out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament under this Part of this 
 Act in respect of the benefits thereunder and the expenses 
 of administration of such benefits shall be paid into a fund, 
 to be called the National Health Insurance Fund, under 
 the control and management of the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners, and the sums required to meet expenditure 
 properly incurred by approved societies and insurance 
 committees for the purposes of the benefits administered 
 by them and the administration of such benefits shall be 
 paid out of that fund. 
 
 (2) The sums payable to the said fund out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament shall be paid in such manner and 
 at such times as the Treasury may determine. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Commissioners shall ascertain periodi- 
 cally what sums standing in the National Health Insurance 
 Fund to the credit of the several societies and of the Post 
 Office Fund and of the Navy and Army Insurance Fund 
 
Sections 5J, 5^. lOi 
 
 are available for investment, and the amount so ascertained 
 shall, so far as not required under the provisions of this 
 Part of this Act to be paid over to societies for investment, 
 or to be retained for investment on their behalf, or for the 
 discharge of liabilities of societies, be carried to a separate 
 account, called the Investment Account, and shall be paid 
 over to the National Debt Commissioners and by them 
 invested in accordance with regulations made by the 
 Treasury in any securities which are for the time being 
 authorised by Parliament as investments for Savings Banks 
 funds, but those Commissioners shall, in making the 
 investment, give preference to stock or bonds issued under 
 the provisions of the Acts relating to borrowing for raising 
 capital for the purposes of the local loans fund where the 
 purposes for which such capital is required is the making 
 of advances for the purposes of the Hovising of the Work- 
 ing Classes Acts, 1890 to 1909 : 
 
 Provided that nothing in this provision shall prevent the 
 Insurance Commissioners paying over to the National 
 Debt Commissioners for temporary investment, pending 
 the ascertainment of the amount available for investment 
 as aforesaid, any sums in the National Health Insurance 
 Fund not required to meet current liabilities. 
 
 (4) There shall be credited to the Post Office Fund and 
 to the Navy and Army Insurance Fund interest at the 
 prescribed rate per annum on the sums from time to time 
 standing to the credit of those funds in the Investment 
 Account. 
 
 (5) The accounts of the National Health Insurance 
 Fund shall be audited by the Comptroller and Auditor- 
 General in such manner as the Treasury may direct. 
 
 (6) The National Debt Commissioners shall present to 
 Parliament annually an account of the securities in which 
 moneys forming part of the said fund are for the time 
 -being invested. 
 
I02 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Reserve values. 
 
 55, — (i) The Insurance Commissioners shall cause 
 tables to be prepared showing, in cases in which such 
 provision is necessary, the capital sums (in this Part 
 of this Act referred to as " reserve values ") which it 
 is necessary to provide in respect of members entering 
 into insurance at ages over the age of sixteen to 
 meet the estimated loss (if any) arising through the 
 acceptance by an approved society of such persons 
 as members upon the terms and conditions as regards 
 contributions and benefits prescribed by this Part of 
 this Act. 
 
 (2) On a person of the age of seventeen or upwards 
 joining an approved society for the purposes of this 
 Part of this Act, there shall be credited to the society 
 the reserve value (if any) appropriate to such person in 
 accordance with such tables. 
 
 The sums so credited to a society in respect of 
 reserve values shall carry interest at the rate of three 
 per centum per annum. 
 
 (3) Out of each weekly contribution paid by or in 
 respect of an insured person who is a member of an 
 approved society (other than a voluntary contributor who 
 entered into insurance within six months after the 
 commencement of this Act and at the date of that 
 entry was of the age of forty-five years or upwards) 
 there shall be retained by the Insurance Commissioners 
 the sum of one penny and five-ninths (or in the case of 
 women one penny halfpenny), and the amounts so 
 retained shall, together with any other moneys available 
 for the purpose, be applied in manner provided by this 
 Part of this Act towards discharging the liabilities of 
 the Insurance Commissioners to approved societies in 
 respect of the reserve values created by this section. 
 
Sections 55, 56. 103 
 
 (4) The Insurance Commissioners shall periodically 
 apportion amongst, the several societies, including the 
 Army and Navy Insurance Fund, the sums retained 
 by them, and the sums, if any, otherwise available 
 for the discharge of such liabilities as aforesaid, 
 in proportion to the amount of reserve values for 
 the time being credited to the several societies, 
 and shall credit to each society the amount so ap- 
 portioned, and any balance of the sums so credited 
 to a society, after providing for interest on the reserve 
 values for the time being credited to the' society, shall 
 be written off the amount of the reserve values so 
 credited. 
 
 (5) If any person is convicted of the offence of 
 knowingly making any false statement as to his age in 
 any declaration made for the purpose of obtaining a 
 reserve value to be credited to an approved society in 
 respect of him, the reserve value shall be cancelled, and 
 the member of the society in respect of whom it was 
 credited shall be treated as if he had entered into 
 insurance after the expiration of one year from the 
 commencement of this Act. 
 
 The effect of this section is to put the contributor back into the position 
 in which he would have been if he had been sixteen years of age, and to 
 give him the whole value of the State insurance as from that age. 
 
 Transactions between the Insurance Commissioners and 
 Societies. 
 
 56. — (i) The Insurance Commissioners shall, subject to 
 the approval of the Treasury make regulations with 
 respect to crediting and debiting to the several societies 
 sums received and paid by the Insurance Commissioners 
 on behalf of and to societies and as to the payments to 
 be made by and to the Commissioners to and by 
 
104 National Insurance Act. 
 
 societies, and those regulations shall, amongst other 
 things — 
 
 (a) provide for crediting to each society the contri- 
 butions paid by or in respect of the members 
 of the society after deducting the amounts 
 retained thereout for discharging the liabilities 
 of the Insurance Commissioners in respect of 
 reserve values ; 
 
 {b) require the Insurance Commissioners, on carrying 
 any sum to the credit of an approved society 
 in the investment account, to pay over to the 
 society for investment, or, at the request- of the 
 society, to retain for investment on behalf of 
 the society, four-sevenths, or, so far as the sums 
 are attributable to women, one-half, of the 
 amount so credited to the society : 
 
 (c) provide for crediting to each society interest at 
 the prescribed rate per annum on the sums for 
 the time being standing to the credit of the 
 society in the investment account ; 
 
 {d) provide for the discharge of debit balances in 
 such manner as the Insurance Commissioners 
 determine, either by the reduction of the reserve 
 values credited to the society or out of the 
 proceeds of the realisation of securities held by 
 the society or by the Commissioners on behalf 
 of the society, and out of the sums standing to 
 the credit of the society in the investment 
 account,- proportionately : 
 
 Provided that, in the case of any society which gives 
 notice to that effect to the Insurance Commissioners, no 
 part of the sums carried to the credit of the society in 
 the investment account shall be paid over to the society 
 or retained by the Commissioners for investment on its 
 
Section 56. 105 
 
 behalf, but the whole amount shall remain to the credit 
 of the society in the investment account, and in such 
 case the regulations made under the foregoing provisions 
 shall apply to the society subject to the prescribed 
 modifications. 
 
 (2) Every approved society shall invest any sums paid 
 to the society for investment, and shall for the purpose 
 have power to invest in any securities in which trustees 
 are for the. time being by law empowered to invest trust 
 funds, or in any stocks, mortgages, or other securities 
 issued by any local authority within the meaning of the 
 
 Local Loans Act, 1875, and charged on any rates levied 8& gvict. 
 by or on the order or precept of such authority, or in 
 any other securities for the time being approved by the 
 Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (3) Where, at the request of a society, the Insurance 
 Commissioners instead of paying over any sum to the 
 society retain such sum for investment on behalf of the 
 society, they shall invest such sum in accordance with 
 the directions of the society in any securities in which 
 the society might have invested it had it been paid over 
 to the society, and shall from time to time vary such 
 investments in accordance with the like directions, and 
 shall pay over to the society all sums received by way 
 of interest or dividend on the investments held by them 
 on behalf of the society. 
 
 (4) Every approved society shall apply the sums 
 received by way of interest or dividend on investments 
 held by the society or by the Insurance Commissioners 
 on behalf of the society towards the cost of the benefits 
 under this Part of this Act of the members of the 
 society and the cost of the administration of those 
 benefits, or otherwise, as the Insurance Commissioners 
 may prescribe. 
 
io6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Insurance Commissioners : Advisory Committee. 
 
 Constitution of Insurance Commissioners, appointment of 
 inspectors, etc. 
 
 67. — (i) As soon as may be after the passing of this 
 Act there shall be constituted for the purposes of this 
 part of this Act Commissioners (to be called the 
 Insurance Commissioners), with a central office in 
 London, and with such branch offices as the Treasury- 
 may think fit, and the Commissioners shall be appointed 
 by the Treasury, and of the Commissioners so appointed 
 one at least shall be a duly qualified medical practitioner 
 who has had personal experience of general practice. 
 
 (2) The Insurance Commissioners may sue and be 
 sued, and may for all purposes be described by that 
 name, and shall have an official seal which shall be 
 officially and judicially noticed, and such seal shall be 
 authenticated by any Commissioner or the secretary to 
 the Commissioners, or some person authorised by the 
 Commissioners to act on behalf of the secretary. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Commissioners may appoint such 
 officers, inspectors, referees, and servants, for the purposes 
 of this Part of this Act as the Commissioners, subject 
 to the approval of the Treasury as to number, may 
 determine, and there shall be paid out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament to the Commissioners and to 
 such officers, inspectors, referees, and servants, such 
 salaries or remuneration as the Treasury may determine; 
 and any expenses incurred by the Treasury (including 
 the remuneration of valuers and auditors appointed by 
 the Treasury) or the Commissioners in carrying this Part 
 of this Act into effect, to such extent as the Treasury 
 may sanction, shall be defrayed out of moneys provided 
 by Parliament. 
 
Section 57. 107 
 
 (4) Every document purporting to be an order or 
 other instrument issued by the Insurance Commissioners 
 and to be sealed with the seal of the Commissioners 
 authenticated in manner provided by this section, or 
 to be signed by the secretary to the Commissioners 
 or any person authorised by the Commissioners to 
 act on behalf of the secretary, shall be received 
 in evidence and be deemed to be such order or 
 instrument without further proof, unless the contrary is 
 shown. 
 
 (5) The Insurance Commissioners may empower any 
 inspector appointed by them to exercise in respect of 
 any approved society or any branch of an approved 
 society all or any of the powers given by section 
 seventy-six of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, to ansg&sovict. 
 
 c. 25. 
 
 inspector appointed thereunder : 
 
 Provided that any complaint or report as to any such 
 branch as aforesaid made by an inspector under this 
 subsection shall be communicated to the central body or 
 other central authority of the society. 
 
 The Insurance Commissioners and their administration of the Act may be 
 criticised and challenged on the annual vote for the contribution of the State 
 towards the National Insurance Fund or on the vote for the salary of the 
 Minister to whom the Commissioners are responsible. 
 
 Section 76 of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. 25), runs 
 as follows : — 
 
 76. — (i) Upon the application — 
 
 {a) of one-fifth of the whole number of members of a registered society ; 
 or 
 
 (J)) in the case of => registered society of one thousand members and not 
 
 exceeding ten thousand, of one hundred members ; or 
 {f) in the case of a registered society of more than ten thousand members, 
 of five hundred members, the chief registrar, or in cases of societies 
 registered and doing business exclusively in Scotland or in Ireland 
 the assistant registrars for Scotland and Ireland respectively, but 
 with the consent of the Treasury in every case, may — 
 (a) appoint an inspector or inspectors to examine into and report 
 
 on the affairs of the society ; or 
 {b) call a special meeting of the society. 
 
To8 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) The application under this section shall be supported by such evidence, 
 for the purpose of showing that the applicants have good reason for requiring 
 an inspection to be made or meeting to be called, and that they are not 
 actuated by malicious motives in their application, and such notice thereof 
 shall be given to the society, as the chief registrar directs. 
 
 (3) The chief or assistant registrar may, if he thinks fit, require the 
 applicants to give security for the costs of the proposed inspection or 
 meeting, before appointing any inspector or calling the meeting. 
 
 (4) All expenses of and incidental to any such inspection or meeting 
 shall be defrayed by the members applying therefor or out of the funds of 
 the society, or by the members or officers, or former members or officers, 
 of the society in such proportions as the chief or assistant registrar 
 directs. 
 
 (5) An inspector appointed under this section may require the production 
 of all or any of the books and documents of the society, and may examine 
 on oath its officers, members, agents, and servants in relation to its business, 
 and may administer such oath accordingly. 
 
 (6) The chief or assistant registrar may direct at what time and place a 
 special meeting under this section is to be held and what matters are to 
 be discussed and determined at that meeting, and the meeting shall have 
 all the powers of a meeting called according to the rules of the society, 
 and shall in all cases have power to appoint its own chairman, any rule 
 of the society to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 (7) This section shall not apply to a society with branches, except with 
 the consent of the central body of that society. 
 
 By the Friendly Societies Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, u. 32), b. 7, the words 
 "or preliminary" are to be regarded as inserted after the word "incidental" 
 in s. 76 (4) of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896. 
 
 Appointment of Advisory . Committee. 
 
 58. The Insurance Commissioners shall, as soon as may 
 be after the passing of this Act, appoint an Advisory 
 Committee for the purpose of giving the Insurance Com- 
 missioners advice and assistance in connexion with the 
 making and altering of regulations under this Part of this 
 Act, consisting of representatives of associations of 
 employers and approved societies, of duly qualified medical 
 practitioners who have personal experience of general 
 practice, and of such other persons as the Commissioners 
 may appoint, of whom two at least shall be women. 
 
Sections 57, 58, jp. 1 09 
 
 Insurance Committees. 
 
 Appointment of Insurance Committees. 
 
 59. — (i) An Insurance Committee shall be constituted 
 for every county and county borough. 
 
 (2) Every such committee shall consist of such 
 number of members as the Insurance Commissioners, 
 having regard to the circumstances of each case, determine, 
 but in no case less than forty or more than eighty, of 
 whom — 
 
 (a) three-fifths shall be appointed in such manner as 
 
 may be prescribed by regulations of the Insurance 
 Commissioners so as to secure representation of 
 the insured persons resident in the county or 
 county borough who are members of approved 
 societies, and who are deposit contributors, in 
 proportion, as nearly as may be, to their respec- 
 tive numbers ; 
 
 (b) one-fifth shall be appointed by the council of the 
 
 county or county borough ; 
 
 (c) two members shall be elected in manner provided 
 
 by regulations made by the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners, either by any association of duly qualified 
 medical practitioners resident in the county or 
 county borough which may have been formed for 
 that purpose under such regulations, or, if no such 
 association has been formed, by such practitioners ; 
 
 {d) one member or, if the total number of the com- 
 mittee is sixty or upwards, two members, or, if 
 the total number of the committee is eighty, three 
 members, shall be duly qualified medical prac- 
 titioners appointed by the council of the county 
 or county borough ; 
 
 (e) the remaining members shall be appointed by the 
 Insurance Commissioners : 
 
no National Insurance Act. 
 
 Provided that — 
 
 (i) The regulations with respect to the appointment 
 of members to represent insured persons shall 
 provide for conferring on the approved societies 
 which have members resident in the county or 
 county borough the power of appointing the 
 representatives of such members, and, where an 
 association of the deposit contributors resident 
 in the county or county borough has been 
 formed under such regulations as aforesaid, for 
 conferring on such association the power of 
 appointing the representatives of the deposit 
 contributors ; 
 
 (ii) Of the members appointed by the council of 
 the county or county borough two at least shall 
 be womeii, and, of the members appointed by 
 the Insurance Commissioners one at least shall 
 be a duly qualified medical practitioner and 
 two at least shall be women. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Commissioners may, where any part 
 of the cost of medical benefit or sanatorium benefit is 
 defrayed by the council of the county or county borough, 
 increase the representation of the council and make a 
 
 correspondingaiminution in the representation of the 
 insured persons. 
 
 (4) The Insurance Commissioners may make regulations 
 as to the appointment, quorum, term of office, and rotation 
 of, members and proceedings generally (including the 
 appointment of sub-committees consisting wholly or partly 
 of members of the committee) of the committee, and the 
 employment of ofificers and the provision of offices by the 
 committee, including the use by the committee, with or 
 without payment, of any offices of a local authority, but 
 subject to the consent of such authority, and any such 
 
Section jp. Ill • 
 
 regulations may provide for the constitution of district 
 insurance committees, and for apportioning amongst the 
 several district insurance committees any of the powers 
 and duties of the Insurance Committee and regulating the 
 relations of district insurance committees to the Insurance 
 Committee and to one another : 
 
 Provided that the regulations so made shall require the 
 Insurance Committee of every county (except in cases 
 where, owing to special circumstances, the Commissioners 
 consider it unnecessary) within six months after the com- 
 mencement of this Act to prepare after consultation with 
 the county council and submit for approval to the Com- 
 missioners a scheme for the appointment of district 
 insurance committees for the county and prescribing the 
 area to be assigned to each such committee, and in par- 
 ticular the scheme shall provide for the appointment of a 
 district insurance committee for each borough (including 
 the City of London and a metropolitan borough) within 
 the county having a population of not less than ten 
 thousand, and for each urban district within the county 
 with a population of not less than twenty thousand, but, 
 if the Insurance Committee or, on appeal, the Insurance 
 Commissioners consider it expedient in the case of any 
 such borough (outside London) or urban district, any 
 adjoining areas may be grouped with such borough or 
 urban district for the purpose of the appointment of a 
 district insurance committee. 
 
 (5) Any Insurance Committee rtiay, and shall if so 
 required by the Insurance Commissioners, combine with 
 any one or more other Insurance Committees for all or 
 any of the purposes of this Part of this Act, and, where 
 they so combine, the provisions of this Part of this Act 
 shall apply with such necessary adaptations as may be 
 prescribed. 
 
112 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Powers and duties of Insurance Committees. 
 
 60. — (i) The Insurance Committee of a county or 
 county borough shall, in addition to the other powers and 
 duties conferred and imposed on it by this Part of this 
 Act, have the following powers and duties : — 
 
 {a) It shall make such reports as to the health of 
 insured persons within the county or county 
 borough as the Insurance Commissioners, after 
 consultation with the Local Government Board, 
 may prescribe, and shall furnish to them such 
 statistical and other returns as they may require, 
 and may make to them such other reports on the 
 health of such persons and the conditions affect- 
 ing the same, and may make such suggestions 
 with regard thereto as it may think fit, and the 
 Insurance Commissioners shall forward to the 
 councils of the counties, boroughs, and urban 
 and rural districts, which appear to them to 
 be affected by or interested in any such reports, 
 returns, or suggestions, copies of such reports, 
 returns, and suggestions, and the reports and 
 returns so made shall include such reports and 
 returns as will enable an analysis and classifi- 
 cation to be made of the persons who are 
 deposit contributors : 
 
 (b) It shall make such provision for the giving 
 of lectures and the publication of information 
 on questions relating to health as it thinks 
 necessary or desirable, and may, if it thinks fit, 
 for that purpose make arrangements with local 
 education authorities, universities and other 
 institutions : 
 
Sections 60, 61. 1 1 3 
 
 (c) It shall keep proper books and accounts in the 
 prescribed form and shall, when required, submit 
 such accounts to audit by auditors appointed by 
 the Treasurj-. 
 
 (2) For the purpose of assisting Insurance Committees 
 in the exercise and performance of their powers and duties 
 under this Part of this Act, and with a view to promoting 
 co-operation between such committees and the councils of 
 counties, boroughs, and urban and rural districts, any 
 medical officer of health may, at the request of an Insur- 
 ance Committee and with the consent of the council by 
 whom he is appointed, attend meetings of the committee 
 and give such advice and assistance as is in his power. 
 
 (3) For the purposes of this section, the council of a 
 borough includes the mayor, aldermen, and commons of the 
 City of London in common council assembled, and the 
 council of a metropolitan borough. 
 
 Income. 
 
 61. — (i) All sums available for sanatorium benefit in a 
 county or county borough, and all sums payable in respect 
 of the members of approved societies and deposit contribu- 
 tors resident in the county or county borough for the 
 purposes of medical benefit and administrative expenses in 
 any year, shall be paid or credited to the Insurance 
 Committee at the commencement of that year. 
 
 (2) There shall also be paid to the Insurance Committee 
 in every year by each approved society having members 
 who are insured persons resident in the county or county 
 borough, in respect of each such member, the sum of 
 one penny towards the administrative expenses of the 
 committee : 
 
 Provided that, if the special circumstances of any county 
 are such that the Insurance Commissioners consider that 
 
114 National Insurance Act. 
 
 the travelling expenses of the members of the committee 
 should be repaid to them by the committee, the Insurance 
 Commissioners may authorise such repayment, and in 
 such case may increase the said sum of one penny 
 to such sum, not exceeding twopence, as they may 
 determine. 
 
 (3) It shall be lawful for any local authority, out of any 
 fund or rate out of which the expenses of the authority are 
 payable, to subscribe such sums as it may think fit towards 
 the general purposes of the Insurance Committee. 
 
 The Insurance Committees will control the sanatorium fund but not the 
 sanatoria. If a local authority erects a sanatorium, it will have control over it, 
 and the Insurance Committee will have to make a bargain with the local 
 authority for the admission of insured persons, and for payment for their 
 treatment. 
 
 Local medical committees. 
 
 62. Where a local medical committee has been formed 
 for any county or county borough or for any area for 
 which a district committee has been formed and the 
 Insurance Commissioners are satisfied that such com- 
 mittee is representative of the duly qualified medical 
 practitioners resident in the county or county borough 
 or such area as aforesaid, they shall recognise such 
 committee, and, where a local medical committee has 
 been so recognised, it shall, subject to regulations made 
 by the Insurance Commissioners, be consulted by the 
 Insurance Committee or district committee, as the case 
 may be, on all general questions affecting the adminis- 
 tration of medical benefit, including the arrangements 
 made with medical practitioners giving attendance and 
 treatment to insured . persons, and shall perform such 
 other duties, and shall exercise such powers, as may be 
 determined by the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
Sections 6i, 62, 6j. 115 
 
 Excessive Sickness. 
 
 Inquiries into causes of excessive sickness, etc. 
 
 63. — (i) Where it is alleged by the Insurance Com- 
 missioners or by any approved society or Insurance 
 Committee that the sickness which has taken place 
 among any insured persons, being, in the case where 
 the allegation is made by a society or committee, 
 persons for the administration of whose sickness and 
 disablement benefits the society or committee is re- 
 sponsible, is excessive, and that such excess is due to 
 the conditions or nature of employment of such persons, 
 or to bad housing or insanitary conditions in any locality, 
 or to an insufficient or contaminated water supply, or 
 to the neglect on the part of any person or authority 
 to observe or enforce the provisions of any Act relat- 
 ing to the health of workers in factories, workshops, 
 mines, quarries, or other industries, or relating to public 
 health, or the housing of the working classes, or any 
 regulations made under any such Act, or to observe or 
 enforce any public health precautions, the Commissioners 
 or the society or committee making such allegation may 
 send to the person or authority alleged to be in default 
 a claim for the payment of the amount of any extra 
 expenditure alleged to have been incurred by reason 
 of such cause as aforesaid, and, if the Commissioners, 
 society, or committee and such person or authority fail 
 to arrive at any agreement on the subject, may apply 
 to the Secretary of State or the Local Government 
 Board, as the case may require, for an inquiry, and 
 thereupon the Secretary of State or Local Govern- 
 ment Board may appoint a competent person to hold 
 an inquiry. 
 
Ii6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) If, upon such inquiry being held, it is proved to 
 the satisfaction of the person holding the inquiry that 
 the amount of such sickness has — 
 
 (i) during a period of not less than three years 
 
 before the date of the inquiry ; or 
 (ii) if there has been an outbreak of any epidemic, 
 endemic or infectious disease, during any less 
 period ; 
 been in excess of the average expectation of sickness 
 by more than ten per cent., and that such excess was 
 in whole or in part due to any such cause as aforesaid, 
 the amount of any extra expenditure found by the 
 person holding the inquiry to have been incurred under 
 this Part of this Act by any societies or committees 
 where the allegation is made by the Insurance Com- 
 missioners, or, if the allegation is made by a society or 
 committee, by the society or committee in question, by 
 reason of such cause shall be ordered by him to be 
 made good in accordance with the following provisions : — 
 («) Where the excess or such part thereof as afore- 
 said is due to the conditions or nature of the 
 employment or to any neglect on the part of 
 any employer to observe or enforce any such 
 Act or regulation as aforesaid, it shall be made 
 good by the employer : 
 (h) Where such excess or such part thereof as 
 aforesaid is due to bad housing or insanitary 
 conditions in the locality, or to any neglect on 
 the part of any local authority to observe or 
 enforce any such Act or regulation or such 
 precautions as aforesaid, it shall be made good 
 by such local authority as appears to the per- 
 son holding the inquiry to have been in default, 
 or, if due to the insanitary condition of any 
 particular premises, shall be made good either 
 
Section 6j. 117 
 
 by such authority or by the owner, lessee, or 
 occupier of the premises who is proved to the 
 satisfaction of the person holding the inquiry 
 to be responsible : 
 (c) Where the excess or such part thereof as afore- 
 said is due to an insufficient or contaminated 
 water supply, it shall be made good by the 
 local authority, company, or person by whom 
 the water is supplied, or who having imposed 
 upon them the duty of affording a water supply 
 have refused or neglected to do so, unless the 
 local authority, company, or person prove that 
 such insufficiency or contamination was not due 
 to any default on the part of the authority, 
 company, or person, but arose from circum- 
 stances over which they had no control. 
 
 (3) Where any such inquiry as aforesaid is held in 
 respect of bad housing or insanitary conditions in any 
 locality, it shall be lawful for the local authority to 
 serve notice upon the owner, lessee, or occupier of any 
 premises which are the subject-matter of the inquiry, 
 and where it is proved that such a notice has been 
 served and that any such extra expense as aforesaid, or 
 any part thereof, has been caused by the act or default 
 of such owner, lessee or occupier, the person holding the 
 inquiry may order the owner, lessee, or occupier to repay 
 to the local authority the amount of the extra 
 expenditure or part thereof which has been so caused. 
 
 (4) For the purpose of this section, the average 
 expectation of sickness shall be calculated in accordance 
 with the tables prepared by the Insurance Commissioners 
 for the purpose of valuations under this Part of this 
 Act, but any excessive sickness attributable to any 
 disease or disablement which is due to any disease or 
 injury in respect of which damages or compensation are 
 
Ii8 National Insurance Act. 
 
 payable under the Employers' Liability Act, 1880, or 
 the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1906, or at common 
 law, shall not be taken into account. 
 
 (5) The Insurance Commissioners shall make regu- 
 lations as to the procedure on inquiries under this 
 section, and a person holding an inquiry under this 
 section shall have all such powers as an inspector of 
 the Local Government Board has for the purposes of 
 an inquiry under the Public Health Acts, and shall 
 have power to order how and by what parties costs, 
 including such expenses as the Secretary of State or 
 Local Government Board may certify to have been 
 incurred by them, are to be paid, and an order made 
 by such person under this section may, by leave of the 
 High Court, be enforced in the same manner as a 
 judgment or order of the Court to the same effect : 
 
 Provided that a society or committee shall not be 
 ordered to pay the costs of the other party to the inquiry 
 if the person holding the inquiry certifies that the demand 
 for an inquiry was reasonable under the circumstances, 
 and when he so certifies, the Treasury may repay to the 
 society or committee the whole or any part of the costs 
 incurred by it. 
 
 (6) Without prejudice to any other method of recovery, 
 any sum ordered under this section to be paid by a 
 local authority may, in accordance with the regulations 
 of the Local Government Board with the approval of the 
 Treasury, be paid out of the Local Taxation Account 
 and deducted from any sums payable either directly or 
 indirectly out of that account to the local authority. 
 
 (7) For the purposes of this section any expenditure 
 on any benefit administered by an Insurance Committee 
 shall be deemed to be expenditure of that Committee, 
 but any sums paid to any such Committee under this 
 section to meet extra expenditure on sickness benefit or 
 
Sections 6j, 6^. 119 
 
 disablement benefit shall be dealt with for the benefit of 
 deposit contributors in accordance with regulations made 
 by the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (8) Where under this section any sum is paid to the 
 Insurance Commissioners, the Insurance Commissioners 
 shall apply the same in discharge of any expenses 
 incurred by the Commissioners under this section and 
 shall distribute the balance amongst the societies and 
 committees which appear to the Commissioners to have 
 incurred extra expense on account of the excessive 
 sickness in such proportions as the Commissioners think 
 just. 
 
 (9) Where an association of deposit contributors 
 resident in any county or county borough has been 
 formed under regulations made by the Insurance 
 Commissioners, the Insurance Committee for the county 
 or county borough shall, if so required by the association, 
 take proceedings under this section on behalf and at the 
 expense of the association. 
 
 Supplementary Provisions. 
 
 Provision, of Sanatoria, etc. 
 
 64. — (i) If under any other Act of the present 
 session any sum is made available for the purposes of 
 the provision of or making grants in aid to sanatoria and 
 other institutions for the treatment of tuberculosis or such 
 other diseases as the Local Government Board with the 
 approval of the Treasury may appoint, such sum shall 
 be distributed by the Local Government Board with the 
 consent of the Treasury in making grants for those 
 purposes, and the Treasury before giving their consent 
 shall consult with the Insurance Commissioners : 
 
 Provided that such sum shall be apportioned between 
 England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland in proportion to 
 
I20 National Insurance Act. 
 
 their respective populations ascertained in accordance 
 with the returns of the census taken in the year 
 nineteen hundred and eleven. 
 
 (2) If any such grant is made to a county council, the 
 Local Government Board may authorise the county council 
 to provide any such institution, and, where so authorised, 
 the county council shall have power to erect buildings and 
 to manage and maintain the institution and for that pur- 
 pose to enter into agreements and make arrangements 
 with Insurance Committees and other authorities and 
 persons, and to do all such things as may be necessary for 
 the purposes aforesaid, and any expenses of the county 
 council, so far as not defrayed out of the grant, shall be 
 defrayed out of the county fund as expenses for general 
 county purposes, or, if the order of the Local Government 
 Board so directs, as expenses for special county purposes 
 charged on such part of the county as may be provided by 
 the order. 
 
 (3) For the purpose of facilitating co-operation amongst 
 county councils, county borough councils, and other local 
 authorities (not being Poor Law authorities) for the pro- 
 vision of such sanatoria and other institutions as aforesaid, 
 the Local Government Board may by order make such 
 provisions as appear to them necessary or expedient, by the 
 constitution of joint committees, joint boards, or otherwise, 
 for the joint exercise by such councils and authorities of 
 their powers in relation thereto, and any such order may 
 provide how, in what proportions, and out of what funds 
 or rates the expenses of providing such institutions, so far 
 as they are not defrayed out of grants under this section, 
 are to be defrayed, and may contain such consequential, 
 incidental, and supplemental provisions as may appear 
 necessary for the purposes of the order, and an order so 
 made shall be binding and conclusive in respect of the 
 matters to which it relates. 
 
Sections 64., 65. 121 
 
 (4) An Insurance Committee may, with the consent of 
 the Insurance Commissioners, enter into agreements with 
 any person or authority (other than a Poor Law authority) 
 that, in consideration of such person or authority providing 
 treatment in a sanatorium or other institution or otherwise 
 for persons recommended by the Committee for sanatorium 
 benefit, the Committee will contribute out of the funds 
 available for sanatorium benefit towards the maintenance 
 of the institution or provision of such treatment, such 
 annual or other payment, and, subject to such conditions 
 and for such period as may be agreed, and any such 
 agreement shall be binding on the Committee and their 
 successors, and any sums payable by the Committee there- 
 under may be paid by the Insurance Commissioners and 
 deducted from the sums payable to the Committee for the 
 purposes of sanatorium benefit. 
 
 Power to Insurance Commissioners to make regulations, etc. 
 
 65. The Insurance Commissioners may make regulations 
 for any of the purposes for which regulations may be made 
 under this Part of this Act or the schedules therein 
 referred to, and for prescribing anything which under 
 this Part- of this Act or any such schedules is to be 
 prescribed, and generally for carrying this Part of this 
 Act into effect, and any regulations so made shall be 
 laid before both Houses of Parliament as soon as may 
 be after they are made, and shall have effect as if enacted 
 in this Act : 
 
 Provided that, if an address is presented to His Majesty 
 by either House of Parliament within the next subsequent 
 twenty-one days on which that House has sat next after 
 any such regulation is laid before it, praying that the 
 regulation may be annulled. His Majesty in Council may 
 annul the regulation, and it shall thenceforth be void, but 
 
122 National Insurance Act. 
 
 without prejudice to the validity of anything previously 
 done thereunder. 
 
 Determination of Questions by Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 66. — (i) If any question arises — 
 
 [a) as to whether any employment or any class of 
 employment is or will be employment within the 
 meaning of this Part of this Act or as to whether 
 a person is entitled to become a voluntary 
 contributor ; or 
 
 {b) as to the rate of contributions payable by or in 
 respect of any insured person ; or 
 
 (c) as to the rates of contributions payable in respect 
 of an employed contributor by the employer and 
 the contributor respectively ; 
 the question shall be determined by the Insurance Com- 
 missioners, in accordance with regulations made by them 
 for the purpose : Provided that — 
 
 (i) if any person feels aggrieved- by the decision of the 
 Insurance Commissioners on any question arising 
 under paragraph («), he may appeal therefrom to 
 the county court, with a further right of appeal 
 upon any question of law to such judge of the 
 High Court as may be selected for the purpose 
 by the Lord Chancellor, and the decision of that 
 judge shall be final ; 
 
 (ii) the regulations of the Insurance Commissioners 
 may provide for questions under paragraph {b) 
 being determined, in the case of any person who 
 is or is about to become a member of an approved 
 society, by the society ; 
 
 (iii) the Insurance Commissioners may, if they think 
 fit, instead of themselves deciding whether any 
 class of employment is or will be employment 
 
Sections 6j, 66, 6y. 123 
 
 within the meaning of this Part of this Act, sub- 
 mit the question for decision to the High Court 
 in such summary manner as subject to rules of 
 court may be directed by the court, and the court, 
 after hearing such parties and taking such evidence 
 (if any) as it thinks just, shall decide the question, 
 and the decision of the court shall be final. 
 (2) This section shall come into operation on the passing 
 of this Act. 
 
 Disputes. 
 
 67. — (i) Subject to the provisions of the foregoing 
 section every dispute between — 
 
 (a) An approved society or a branch thereof and an 
 insured person who is a member of such society 
 or branch or any person claiming through him ; 
 (d) An approved society or branch thereof, and any 
 person who has ceased to be a member for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act of such society 
 or branch, or any person claiming through him ; 
 (c) An approved society and any branch thereof; 
 {d) Any two or more branches of an approved society ; 
 relating to anything done or omitted by such person, 
 society, or branch (as the case may be) under this Part of 
 this Act or any regulation made thereunder, shall be 
 decided in accordance with the rules of the society, but any 
 party to such dispute may, in such cases and in such 
 manner as may be prescribed, appeal from such decision to 
 the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (2) Every dispute between an insured person and the 
 Insurance Committee, relating to anything done or omitted 
 by such person or the Insurance Committee under this 
 Part of this Act, or any regulation made hereunder, shall 
 be decided in the prescribed manner by the Insurance 
 Commissioners. 
 
124 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (3) The Insurance Commissioners may authorise referees 
 appointed by them to decide any appeal or dispute sub- 
 mitted to the Insurance Commissioners under this section. 
 
 (4) The Insurance Commissioners may make regulations 
 as to the procedure on any such appeal or dispute, and 
 such regulations may apply any of the provisions of the 
 Arbitration Act, 1889, but, except so far as it may be so 
 applied, the Arbitration Act, 1889, shall not apply to 
 proceedings under this section, and any decision given by 
 the Insurance Commissioners or a referee under this 
 section shall be final and conclusive. 
 
 Protection against distress and execution in certain cases. 
 
 68. — (i) Where the medical practitioner attending on 
 any insured person in receipt of sickness benefit certifies 
 that the levying of any distress or execution upon any 
 goods or chattels belonging to such insured person and 
 being on premises occupied by him, or the taking of any 
 proceedings in ejectment or for the recovery of any rent or 
 to enforce any judgment in ejectment against such person-, 
 would endanger his life, and such certificate has been sent 
 to the Insurance Committee and has been recorded in 
 manner herein-after provided, it shall not be lawful during 
 any period named in the certificate for any person to levy 
 any such distress or execution or to take any such pro- 
 ceedings or to enforce any such judgment against the 
 insured person : 
 
 Provided that, if any person desirous of levying such 
 distress or execution or taking such proceedings or enforc- 
 ing such judgment disputes the accuracy of the certificate, 
 he may apply to the registrar of the county court, who, if 
 he is of opinion that the certificate should be cancelled or 
 modified, may make an. order cancelling or modifying it. 
 
Sections 6y, 68. 125 
 
 and no appeal shall lie against any such order or a refusal 
 to make any such order. 
 
 (2) A certificate granted for the purpose of this section 
 shall continue in forde for one week or such less period as 
 may be named in the certificate, but may be renewed from 
 time to time for any period not exceeding one week, up to 
 but not beyond the expiration of three months from the 
 date of the grant of the original certificate, but no such 
 renewal shall have effect unless sent to the Insurance 
 Committee and recorded as aforesaid : 
 
 Provided that the protection conferred by this section 
 shall not extend beyond the expiration of one month from 
 such date if, on demand being made by the person desirous 
 of levying such distress or execution, or taking such 
 proceedings, or enforcing such judgment, proper security is 
 not given for payment of rent thereafter to become due 
 from the insured person or the amount of the judgment 
 debt, as the case may be, and any dispute as to the 
 sufficiency of the security shall be determined by the 
 registrar of the county court whose decision shall be final 
 and not subject to appeal. 
 
 (3) If any person knowingly levies or attempts to levy 
 any such distress or execution or takes any such proceed- 
 ings or enforces or attempts to enforce any such judgment 
 in contravention of this section, he shall be liable on 
 summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds. 
 
 (4) A certificate or renewal thereof granted under this 
 section shall forthwith be sent to the Insurance Committee, 
 and the Committee shall, unless it has reason to suspect 
 its genuineness, record it in a special register without fee, 
 and such register shall, at all reasonable times, be open to 
 inspection; and, where so recorded, its genuineness shall 
 not be questioned iii any proceedings against a sheriff or 
 other officer for failure to levy any distress or execute any 
 warrant. 
 
126 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (5) Where the time within which a warrant may be 
 executed is Hmited, any period during which the warrant 
 cannot be executed by reason of the provisions of this 
 section shall be disregarded in computing the time within 
 which the warrant may be executed. 
 
 Offences. 
 
 69. — (i) If for the purpose of obtaining any benefit or 
 payment or the crediting of a reserve value under this Part 
 of this Act, either for himself or for any other person, any 
 person knowingly makes any false statement or false 
 representation, he shall be liable on summary conviction to 
 imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months with 
 or without hard labour. 
 
 (2) If any employer has failed to pay any contributions 
 which under this Part of this Act he is liable to pay in 
 respect of an employed contributor, or if any such em- 
 ployer, any insured person, or any other person is guilty 
 of any other contravention of or non-compliance with any 
 of the requirements of this Part of this Act or the regu- 
 lations made thereunder in respect of which no special 
 penalty is provided, he shall for each offence be liable on 
 summary conviction to" a fine not exceeding ten pounds, 
 and where the offence is failure or neglect on the part of 
 the employer to make any such contributions, to pay to 
 the Insurance Commissioners a sum equal to the amount 
 of the contributions which he has so failed or neglected to 
 pay, which sum when paid shall be treated as a payment 
 in satisfaction of such contributions : 
 
 Provided that no person shall be liable to any penalty 
 in respect of any matter if he has acted in conformity with 
 any decision in I'espect thereto by the Insurance Commis- 
 sioners, or, if the matter is one which the Insurance 
 Committee is competent to decide, in conformity with its 
 decision. 
 
Sections 68, 6^, 70, yi. 127 
 
 Civil proceedings against employer for neglecting to pay 
 contributions. 
 
 70. — (i) Where an employer has failed or neglected to 
 pay any contributions which under this Part of this Act he 
 is liable to pay in respect of a person being a member of 
 an approved society in his employment, and by reason 
 thereof that person has been deprived in whole or in part 
 of his right to any benefits which would otherwise have 
 been payable to him, he shall be entitled to take proceed- 
 ings against the employer for the value of the right of 
 which he has been so deprived, and in any such proceed- 
 ings the employer may be ordered to pay to the Insurance 
 Commissioners a sum equal to the value so ascertained, 
 which sum when paid shall be carried to the credit of the 
 society of which such person is a member, and thereupon 
 such person shall thenceforth be entitled to receive from 
 the society benefits at the same rate as he would have been 
 entitled to had the contributions been properly paid, 
 together with the difference between the amount of the 
 benefits (if any) he has actually received and the benefits 
 he would have received had the contributions been properly 
 paid. 
 
 (2) Proceedings may be taken under either this or the 
 last preceding section notwithstanding that proceedings 
 have also been taken under the other section in respect of 
 the same failure or neglect to pay contributions. 
 
 This section applies only to members of approved societies. Deposit 
 contributors have the right of taking proceedings at Common Law. 
 
 Repayment of benefits improperly paid. 
 
 71. If it is found at any time that a person has been in 
 receipt of any payment or benefit under this Part of this 
 Act without being lawfully entitled thereto he, or in the 
 case of his death his personal representatives, shall be 
 
128 National Insurance Act. 
 
 liable to repay to the Insurance Commissioners the amount 
 of such payment or benefit, and any such amount may be 
 recovered as a debt due to the Crown and when so 
 recovered shall be carried to the credit of the society of 
 which such person was a member, or if he was not a 
 member of any approved society, of the Post Office fund. 
 
 Provisions as to application of existing funds of friendly 
 societies. 
 72. — (i) Every registered friendly society which pro- 
 vides benefits similar to any of those conferred by this 
 Part of this Act, shall submit to the Registrar of 
 Friendly Societies a scheme for continuing, abolish- 
 ing, reducing, or altering such benefits as respects 
 members who become insured persons and for continu- 
 ing, abolishing, or reducing the contributions of such 
 members, so, however, that the combined effect of the 
 alteration of the benefits and contributions shall not 
 prejudicially affect the solvency of the society, and, if 
 the scheme or a supplementary scheme shows on an 
 actuarial valuation that, owing to the alterations in the 
 benefits and contributions effected by the scheme, any 
 part of the existing funds of the society is set free as 
 not being required to meet the liabilities of the society, 
 the scheme or the supplementary scheme shall provide 
 for the application of the part of the funds so set free 
 in any one or more of the following ways : — 
 
 {a) towards the cost of the provision of other or 
 increased benefits payable by the society inde- 
 pendently of this Part of this Act to existing 
 members whether insured persons or not ; 
 ib) in reduction of the contributions payable by 
 such members in respect of the benefits pay- 
 able by the society independently of this Part 
 of this Act ; 
 
Sections yi, J 2. 129 
 
 {c) towards the payment or repayment of contribu- 
 tions payable under this Part of this Act by 
 such of its existing members as are entitled 
 and elect to receive benefits under this Part of 
 this Act through the society. 
 
 (2) This section shall apply to branches of registered 
 societies in like manner as to societies : Provided that 
 a society with branches may, if it so desires (subject 
 always to the exercise of any right of a branch, 
 expressly conferred by the rules of the society, to 
 dispose of any of its funds for the benefit solely of 
 the members of the branch), submit a scheme applicable 
 to all its branches, and it shall be competent for the 
 society to provide by its scheme or supplementary 
 scheme for the application of the whole or any part 
 of any sums so set free towards the discharge of any 
 deficiencies in any of its branches which may be found 
 to exist on such actuarial valuation as aforesaid. 
 
 (3) Any scheme adopted by a society or branch of 
 a society in accordance with its rules when confirmed 
 by the Registrar of Friendly Societies shall be deemed 
 to be incorporated in the registered rules of the society 
 or branch and may be amended accordingly, so, how- 
 ever, that no amendment shall be inconsistent with the 
 provisions of this section. 
 
 (4) This section shall apply to seamen, marines, and 
 soldiers, from whose pay deductions are made under 
 this Part of this Act as if they were insured persons, 
 and for the purposes of this section "existing" means 
 existing at the passing of this Act. 
 
 (5) This section shall come into operation on the 
 passing of this Act. 
 
 The scheme has to be submitted to the Registrar and not to the Insur- 
 ance Commissioners, because it deals with funds which are outside the Act 
 and which are set free through the operation of the Act. The Insurance 
 
 F 
 
130 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Commissioners will only be concerned with funds provided for the purposes 
 of the Act. 
 
 If a society desires to use its existing funds in repaying to its members 
 the contributions of fourpence per male member, or threepence per female, 
 which they pay under the Act, the machinery of deduction from Vvages 
 must be operative in the iirst instance. The contributions will be paid 
 and then refunded. 
 
 The section will not preclude a distribution in cash benefits of sums 
 contributed for such a purpose, but the section does not allow the distribu- 
 tion in cash of sums contributed for another purpose. 
 
 During the first six months after the Act comes into operation a society, 
 if it so desires, may pay out of its accumulated funds the existing benefits 
 to the members for that period, without the members paying the contribu- 
 tions to their society over and above the contributions under the Act. 
 
 Provisions as to existing Employers' Provident Funds. 
 
 73. — (i) Where at the passing of this Act a super- 
 annuation or other provident fund has been established 
 for the benefit of the persons employed by one or more 
 employers the provisions of the last foregoing section 
 shall apply with the necessary adaptations and with 
 this modification that, where under the Act, deed, or 
 other instrument establishing the fund or otherwise any 
 sum is payable by the employer towards benefits secured 
 by the Act or deed, and those benefits include benefits 
 similar to any of those conferred by this Part of this 
 Act, the scheme may provide for allowing the employer 
 to deduct from any contributions payable by him as 
 aforesaid towards benefits of a nature similar to those 
 under this Part of this Act an amount not exceeding 
 the amount of the employer's contributions payable by 
 him under this Part of this Act, 
 
 (2) Where the fund is one out of which pensions or 
 superannuation allowances are payable, and it is proved 
 to the satisfaction of the Insurance Commissioners that 
 the rearrangements required in consequence of this Part 
 of this Act will, upon a valuation under the existing 
 
Sections yz, 73, 7^, 75. 131 
 
 rules of the fund, afffect prejudicially the sum available 
 for the payment of pensions or superannuation allowances, 
 the Insurance Commissioners may grant a certificate 
 authorising the value of the prospective extension of 
 benefits under this Part of this Act when the reserve 
 values have been written off as herein-before provided, 
 to be brought into account in the valuation of the 
 assets available for the discharge of the liabilities of the 
 fund in respect of pensions and superannuation allow- 
 ances. 
 
 Provisions as to Minors who are Members 
 of Approved Societies. 
 
 74. Any member of an approved society who is a 
 minor may execute all instruments and give all 
 acquittances necessary to be executed or given under 
 the rules of such society, but shall not be a member of 
 the committee, or a trustee, manager, or treasurer ,pf 
 such society or any branch thereof. 
 
 Power for Societies to Register under Friendly Societies 
 Act, i8p6. 
 
 75. Any society for the purpose of carrying on 
 business under this Act, either alone or together with 
 any purpose mentioned in section eight, subsection, (i), 
 of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, may, after the 
 passing of this Act, be registered as a friendly society 
 under the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, notwithstanding 
 that the contributions under this Act are not voluntary. 
 
 The Friendly Societies Act, 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. ^.. 25), s. 8 (i), runs as 
 follows : — 
 
 8. The following societies may be registered under this Act — 
 
 (i) Societies (in this Act called Friendly Societies) for the purpose of 
 
 providing by voluntary subscriptions of the members thereof, with 
 
 or without the aid of donations, for — 
 
 (a) The relief or maintenance of the members, th?ir husbands, wives, 
 
 children, fathers, mothers, brothers, or sisters, nephews or nieces, 
 
 F 2 
 
132 National Insurance Act. 
 
 or wards being orphans, during sickness or other infirmity, 
 whether bodily or mental, in old age (which shall mean any 
 age after fifty) or in widowhood, or for the relief or maintenance 
 of the orphan children of members during minority ; or 
 
 [b) Insuring money to be paid on the birth of a member's child or 
 on the death of a member, or for the funeral expenses of the 
 husband, wife, or child of a member, or of the widow of a 
 deceased member, or, as respects persons of the Jewish persuasion, 
 for the payment of a sum of money during the period of 
 confined mourning ; or 
 
 if) The relief or maintenance of the members when on travel in 
 search of employment, or when in distressed circumstances,, or 
 in case of shipwreck, or loss or damage of or to boats or 
 nets ; or 
 
 (ft) The endowment of members or nominees of members at any 
 age; or 
 
 («) The insurance against fire, to any amount not exceeding fifteen 
 
 pounds, of the tools or implements of the trade or calling" of 
 
 the members. 
 
 Provided that a friendly society which contracts with any person for the 
 
 assurance of an annuity exceeding fifty pounds per annum, or of a gross 
 
 sum exceeding two hundred pounds, shall not be registered under this Act. 
 
 The Friendly Societies Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, c. 32), s. I, provides as 
 follows : — 
 
 1, To the description of societies which may be registered as friendly 
 societies, contained in subsection (i) of section eight of the Friendly 
 Societies Act, 1896, . the following paragraph shall be added after 
 paragraph («) : — 
 "or, 
 
 (y) guaranteeing the performance of their duties by officers and 
 servants of the society or any branch thereof." 
 
 Application of Acts of Parliament to Approved Societies 
 and Sections. 
 76. — (i) Except in so far as may be inconsistent with 
 this Part of this Act, ar^y business transacted under this 
 Part of this Act by any approved society shall be treated 
 as part of the ordinary business transacted by societies of 
 the class to which that society belongs, and any enactment 
 applying to the society in relation to the transaction of 
 such ordinary business shall apply accordingly in relation 
 to the business transacted by the society under this Part 
 of this Act. 
 
Sections 75, 76, 77. 133 
 
 (2) This section shall apply to an approved society 
 which is a separate section of another body, subject to the 
 necessary adaptation. 
 
 Powers of the Local Government Board. 
 
 77. — (i) The Local Government Board may, for the 
 purposes of their powers and duties under this Part of this 
 Act, hold such local inquiries and investigations as they 
 may think fit, and the Board and their inspectors shall 
 have for the purposes of such an inquiry the same powers 
 as they respectively have for the purposes of an inquiry 
 under the Public Health Acts, and the expenses incurred 
 by the Board in respect of such inquiries and other pro- 
 ceedings under this Part of this Act (including the salary 
 of any inspector or officer of the Board engaged in the 
 inquiry or proceedings, not exceeding three guineas a day) 
 shall be paid by such authorities and persons and out of 
 such funds and rates as the Board may by order direct, 
 and the Board may certify the amount of the expenses so 
 incurred, and any sum so certified and directed by the 
 Board to be paid by the authority or person shall be a 
 debt from that authority or person to the Crown : Provided 
 that this provision shall not apply to inquiries with respect 
 to responsibility for excessive sickness. 
 
 (2) Any approval given by the Local Government Board 
 under this Part of this Act may be given for such term, 
 and subject to such conditions as the Board may think fit, 
 and the Board shall have power to withdraw any approval 
 which they have given. 
 
 (3) The Local Government Board may make it a 
 condition of any approval to be given, or grant of 
 money to' be made under this Part of this Act, that 
 the Board shall have such powers of inspection as may 
 be agreed. 
 
134 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Power to remove difficulties. 
 
 78. If. any difficulty arises with respect to the constitu- 
 tion of Insurance Committees, or the advisory committee, 
 or otherwise in bringing into operation this Part of this 
 Act, the Insurance Commissioners, with the consent of the 
 Treasury, may by order make any appointment and do 
 anything which appears to them necessary or expedient 
 for the establishment of such committees or for bringing 
 this Part of this Act into operation, and any such order 
 may modify the provisions of this Act so far as may 
 appear necessary or expedient for carrying the order into 
 effect : Provided that the Insurance Commissioners shall 
 not exercise the powers conferred by this section after the 
 first day of January nineteen hundred and fourteen. 
 
 Interpretation. 
 
 79. For the purposes of this Part of this Act unless the 
 context otherwise requires — 
 
 The expression " branch," in relation to a society, shall 
 not include any branch of the society which is not 
 itself separately registered ; 
 
 The expression "disease or disablement" means such 
 disease or disablement as would entitle an insured 
 person to sickness or disablement benefit ; 
 
 The expression " dependants," in relation to any person, 
 includes such persons as the approved society or 
 Insurance Committee shall ascertain to be wholly 
 or in part dependent upon his earnings ; 
 
 A person whose normal occupation is employment 
 within the meaning of this Part of this Act shall, for 
 the purpose of reckoning the number and rate of 
 contributions, be deemed to continue to be an 
 
Sections 7<?, 7p. 13S 
 
 employed contributor notwithstanding that he is 
 temporarily unemployed, but, if such period of un- 
 employment extends beyond twelve months, he 
 shall not continue to be an employed contributor 
 unless the approved society of which he is a member 
 or, if he is not a member of such a society, the 
 Insurance Committee, is satisfied that his unem- 
 ployment is due to inability to obtain employment, 
 and is not due to any change in his normal 
 occupation ; 
 
 The suspension of a member of an approved society 
 from benefits under this Part of this Act shall not 
 be deemed to deprive the member of his member- 
 ship ; 
 
 Membership of an approved society means 
 membership for the purposes of this Part of this 
 Act; 
 
 The expression " valuer " means a person possessing 
 actuarial qualifications as may be approved by the 
 Treasury ; 
 
 The expression " county " means administrative 
 county ; 
 
 Tlje Scilly Isles shall be deemed to be a county and the 
 council of those Isles the council of a county, but 
 the Insurance Committee for the Scilly Isles shall 
 be constituted in such manner as the Insurance 
 Commissioners prescribe ; 
 
 Monmouthshire shall be deemed to form part of 
 Wales ; 
 
 A person shall be deemed according to the law in 
 England, Wales, and Ireland, as well as according 
 to the law in Scotland, not to have attained the age 
 of seventeen until the commencement of the seven- 
 teenth anniversary of the day of his birth, and 
 similarly with respect to other ages. 
 
136 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Application to Scotland. 
 80. This Part of this Act in its application to Scotland 
 shall be subject to the following modifications : — 
 1 (i) For the purpose of carrying this Part of this Act 
 into effect in Scotland, there shall be constituted, 
 as soon as may be after the passing of this Act, 
 Commissioners for Scotland (to be called the 
 Scottish Insurance Commissioners) with a central 
 office in Edinburgh, and with such branch offices 
 in Scotland as the Treasury may think fit, and 
 the Scottish Insurance .Commissioners, of whom 
 one at least shall be a duly qualified medical 
 practitioner, shall be appointed by the Treasury, 
 and may appoint such officers, inspectors, referees, 
 and servants for the purposes aforesaid as the 
 Scottish Insurance Commissioners, subject to the 
 approval of the Treasury, may determine, and 
 the provisions of this Part of this Act with respect 
 to the payment of the salaries and remuneration 
 of the Insurance Commissioners, and the officers, 
 inspectors, referees, and servants appointed by 
 them, and with respect to the payment (jf the 
 expenses incurred by the Treasury or the Insur- 
 ance Commissioners in carrying this Part of this 
 Act into effect shall, with the necessary modi- 
 fications, apply to the payment of the salaries and 
 remuneration of the Scottish Insurance Commis- 
 sioners and the officers, inspectors, referees, and 
 servants appointed by them and to the payment 
 of expenses incurred by the Treasury or the 
 Scottish Insurance Commissioners in carrying 
 this Part of this Act into effect in Scotland, and 
 for the purpose aforesaid the Scottish Insurance 
 Commissioners, and the officers, inspectors. 
 
Section 80. 137 
 
 referees, and servants appointed by them shall 
 respectively have all the like powers and duties 
 as are, by the provisions of this Act, conferred 
 and imposed on the Insurance Commissioners 
 and the officers, inspectors, referees, and servants 
 appointed by them, and references in those 
 provisions to the Insurance Commissioners 
 shall be construed as references to the Scottish 
 Insurance Commissioners : 
 
 (2) All sums received from contributions under this 
 Part of this Act in respect of insured persons 
 resident in Scotland, and all sums paid out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament in respect of 
 benefits under this Part of this Act to such 
 persons, and the expenses of administration of 
 such benefits shall be paid into a fund to be called 
 the Scottish National Health Insurance Fund, 
 under the control and management of the Scottish . 
 Insurance Commissioners, and the sums required 
 to meet expenditure properly incurred by ap- 
 proved societies and Insurance Committees for 
 the purposes of such benefits and the adminis- 
 tration of such benefits shall be paid out of that 
 fund, and the foregoing provisions of this Act, 
 with respect to the National Health Insurance 
 Fund, shall, with the necessary modifications, 
 apply to the Scottish National Health Insurance 
 Fund accordingly : 
 
 (3) The expression " Local Government Board " 
 means the Local Government Board for Scotland 
 (in this section referred to as the Board) : Pro- 
 vided that, as regards the making of regulations 
 respecting sums payable out of the Local Tax- 
 ation (Scotland) Account, the said expression 
 means the Secretary for Scotland ; the expression 
 
c. 50. 
 
 138 National Insurance Act. 
 
 " Local Taxation Account " means the Local 
 Taxation (Scotland) Account ; and the expres- 
 sion " inspector of the Local Government Board " 
 includes a person acting under section seven or 
 '°c*38!^'"' section eight of the Public Health (Scotland) Act, 
 
 1897: 
 
 (4) The expression " county borough " means a 
 
 burgh or police burgh within the meaning of 
 s'&MVict. the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889 
 
 (in this section referred to as the Act of 1889), 
 containing within the police boundaries thereof 
 according to the census of nineteen hundred 
 and eleven a population of twenty thousand or 
 upwards, and includes the burgh of Dumfries 
 and the police burgh of Maxwelltown, as if 
 they were a single burgh, and all other burghs 
 and police burghs shall, for the purposes of 
 this Part of this Act, be held to be within the 
 county, and unless already represented on the 
 county council shall, for the purposes of this 
 Part of this Act, be represented thereon as may 
 be determined by the Secretary for Scotland : 
 Provided that references to the council of a 
 county borough shall, in the case of Dumfries 
 and Maxwelltown, be construed as references 
 to a joint comrnittee of the town councils there- 
 of which shall from time to time be appointed 
 subject to the provisions of section seventy-six 
 of the Act of 1889: 
 
 (5) References to a county and the county council 
 thereof shall, as regards — 
 
 (a) the counties of Kinross and Clackmannan ; 
 
 and 
 {b) the counties of Elgin and Nairn ; 
 be construed in each case as references respec- 
 
Section 80. .. . 139 
 
 tively to a combination of the two recited 
 counties and to a joint committee of the county 
 councils thereof which shall from time to time 
 be appointed subject to the provisions of section 
 seventy-six of the Act of 1889 : 
 
 (6) The minimum number of an insurance com- 
 
 mittee for any area containing a population of 
 less than forty thousand shall be twenty-five 
 instead of forty ; and, where a number less 
 than forty is fixed, the constitution of the com- 
 mittee may be varied as may be prescribed, so, 
 however, that the proportion of members to be 
 appointed by insured persons and by a county 
 or town council and the number of members 
 possessing a medical qualification shall not be 
 altered : 
 
 (7) No person, except a medical practitioner qualified 
 as such, shall be qualified for appointment as 
 member of an Insurance Committee by a 
 county or town council unless he is a member 
 of a local authority within the county under 
 the Public Health (Scotland) Act, 1897, or of 
 t'he town council, as the case may be ; but this 
 requirement shall not apply to women if women 
 so qualified are not available : 
 
 (8) Before submitting for approval a scheme pre- 
 
 scribing areas to be assigned to district com- 
 • mittees, the Insurance Committee of a county 
 shall consult with the county council, or any 
 committee thereof appointed for the purpose, 
 and shall consider any representation received 
 from them : 
 
 (9) Where, owing to sparseness of population, diffi- 
 culties of communication, or other special cir- 
 cumstances, they consider it desirable, an 
 
140 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Insurance Committee shall have power, with 
 the consent of the Scottish Insurance Com- 
 missioners, to modify or suspend any benefits 
 for the administration of which they are 
 responsible ; but, where such modification or 
 suspension takes place, provision shall be made 
 by the Committee, with the like consent, for 
 the increase of other benefits or the grant of 
 one or more additional benefits to an amount 
 equivalent to the value of the modification or 
 suspension : 
 (lo) — (a) If it appears to any county council that, 
 having regard to the number of employed 
 contributors resideirt in the county who are not 
 members of any society approved under the 
 foregoing provisions of this Act, it is desirable 
 that steps should be taken for the establish- 
 ment under the council of an approved society 
 for the county (in this section referred to as 
 a county society) the council may, at any time 
 before the expiration of one year from the 
 commencement of this Act, submit to the 
 Scottish Insurance Commissioners a scheme for 
 the establishment of a county society ; 
 (F) The scheme may provide for — 
 
 (i) the representation of the council on the com- 
 mittee of management of the society ; 
 
 (ii) the appointment of officers subject to the 
 approval of the council ; 
 
 (iii) the delegation of powers to committees ; 
 
 (iv) the giving of security by means of a charge 
 upon the general purposes rate or otherwise ; 
 
 (v) the restriction of membership to insured persons 
 resident in the county not being members of 
 any other approved society ; 
 
Section 80. 141 
 
 (vi) the reduction of benefits below the minimum 
 rates fixed by this Part of this Act ; and 
 
 (vii) such other matters as may appear necessary, 
 and in particular such further modifications of 
 the provisions of this Part of this Act with 
 respect to approved societies as may be I'equired 
 for the purpose of adapting" those provisions to 
 the case of a county society ; 
 
 (c) Where such a scheme has been approved by the 
 
 Scottish Insurance Commissioners, the provisions 
 of the scheme shall have effect, notwithstanding 
 anything to the contrary in this Part of this Act ; 
 and, subject to those provisions, the county 
 society shall be an approved society for all the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act ; 
 
 [d) A county council desirous of submitting a scheme 
 under this section may, at any time after the pass- 
 ing of this Act, take such steps as appear necessary 
 with a view to ascertaining what insured persons 
 resident in the county are eligible and willing to 
 become members of the proposed county society, 
 and generally for the formation of the society ; 
 
 (11) A person appointed in terms of the section of this 
 Act relating to excessive sickness to hold an 
 inquiry shall report to the authority appointing 
 him, and any further action following on such 
 inquiry which, in accordance with the provisions 
 of that section, is to be or may be taken by the 
 person making the inquiry, shall not be taken by 
 him, but may be taken by that authority after 
 consideration of the report, and that section shall 
 be read and construed accordingly : 
 
 (12) Expenses incurred by a county council under this 
 Part of this Act shall be defrayed out of the 
 general purposes rate ; provided that, notwith- 
 
142 National Insurance Act. 
 
 standing anything contained in the Act of 1889, 
 the ratepayers of a poHce burgh shall not be 
 assessed by the county council for any such 
 ' expenses unless the police burgh is, for the 
 purposes of this Part of this Act, held to be within 
 the county ; and provided further that, with 
 respect to every burgh within the meaning of the 
 Act of 1889, which is, for the purposes of this 
 Act, held to be within the county, subsection 
 (3) and subsection (4) of section sixty, and 
 section sixty-six, of the Act of 1889, shall, so far 
 as applicable, have effect as if such expenses were 
 expenditure therein mentioned : 
 
 (13) Expenses incurred by a town council under this 
 Part of this Act (whether under requisition from 
 the county council or otherwise) shall be defrayed 
 out of the public health general assessment, but 
 shall not be reckoned in any calculation as to the 
 statutory limit of that assessment ; and references 
 to the borough fund or borough rate shall be 
 construed accordingly : 
 
 (14) The expression "borough" and the expression 
 " urban district " mean a burgh or police burgh 
 within the meaning of the Act of 1889, and the 
 expressions "rural district" and "council of a 
 rural district," unless inconsistent with the context, 
 mean respectively a district of a county within 
 the meaning of the said Act and the district 
 committee thereof : Provided that the population 
 limit prescribed for boroughs and urban districts 
 in the subsection of this Act relating to the 
 appointment of district committees for these areas 
 shall not apply : 
 
 (15) The expression " Lord Chief Justice" means the 
 Lord President of the Court of Session : 
 
Section So. 143 
 
 (16) The expression "county court" means the sheriff 
 court ; and, in lieu of an appeal from the county- 
 court upon any question of law, there shall be 
 substituted an appeal from the sheriff upon any 
 question of law in terms of subsection (17) (d) of 
 the Second Schedule to the Workmen's Compen- 
 sation Act, 1906: Provided that the decision of 
 either division of the Court of Session on such 
 appeal shall be final : 
 
 (17) The expression "workhouse" means poor- 
 house ; " coverture " means marriage ; " levy 
 any distress or execution " means use any 
 diligence ; " ejectment " means removing ; 
 " amount of judgment debt " means amount 
 decerned for ; " registrar of the county court " 
 means court exercising jurisdiction in the pro- 
 ceedings ; "certified midwife" means any mid- 
 wife possessing such qualifications as may be 
 prescribed ; " public elementary school " means 
 pubhc school ; " Public Health Acts " means 
 the Public Health (Scotland) Acts, 1897 and 
 1907 ; " Local Loans Act 1875 " means the 
 
 Local Authorities Loans (Scotland) Acts, 1891 54&s5Vict. 
 and 1893; and "High Court" means Court of s« ^^57 vkt. 
 Session : 
 
 (18) Unless inconsistent with the context, references 
 to the Elementary School Teachers' Super- 
 annuation Act, 1898, to the deferred annuity 
 fund under that Act, and to the Board of 
 Education, shall be construed, respectively, as 
 references to section fourteen of the Education e Edw. 7, c. 63. 
 (Scotland) Act, 1908, and a scheme there- 
 under, to the Scottish Teachers' Superannua- 
 tion Fund, and to the Scotch Education 
 Department. 
 
144 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Application to Ireland. 
 
 81. This Part of this Act, in • its application to 
 Ireland, shall be subject to the following modifi- 
 cations : — 
 
 (i) For the purpose of carrying this Part of this 
 Act into effect in Ireland, there shall be consti- 
 tuted, as soon as may be after the passing of 
 this Act, Commissioners for Ireland (to be called 
 the Irish Insurance Commissioners), with a 
 central office in Dublin, and with such branch 
 offices in Ireland as the Treasury may think fit, 
 and the Irish Insurance Commissioners, of whom 
 one at least shall be a duly qualified medical 
 practitioner, shall be appointed by the Treasury, 
 and may appoint such officers, inspectors, 
 referees, and servants for the purposes aforesaid 
 as the Irish Insurance Commissioners, subject 
 to the approval of the Treasury, may determine, 
 and the provisions of this Part of this Act 
 with respect to the payment of the salaries and 
 remuneration of the Insurance Commissioners 
 and the officers, inspectors, referees, and servants 
 appointed by them, and with respect to the 
 payment of the expenses incurred by the 
 Treasury or the Insurance Commissioners in 
 carrying this Part of this Act into effect shall, 
 with the necessary modifications, apply to the 
 payment of the salaries and remuneration of the 
 Irish Insurance Commissioners and the ofificers, 
 inspectors, referees, and servants appointed by 
 them and to the payment of expenses incurred 
 by the Treasury or the Irish Insurance Com- 
 missioners in carrying this Part of this Act into 
 effect in Ireland, and for the purpose aforesaid 
 
Section 8i. 145 
 
 the Irish Insurance Commissioners and the 
 officers, inspectors, referees, and servants 
 appointed by them shall respectively have all 
 the like powers and duties as are by the 
 provisions of this Act conferred and imposed 
 on the Insurance Commissioners and the officers, 
 inspectors, referees, and servants appointed by 
 them, and references in those provisions to the 
 Insurance Commissioners shall be construed as 
 references to the Irish Insurance Commissioners : 
 
 (2) All sums received from contributions under this 
 
 Part of this Act in respect of insured persons 
 resident in Ireland and all sums paid out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament in respect of 
 benefits under this Part of this Act to such 
 persons and the expenses of adrhinistration 
 of such benefits shall be paid into a fund to be 
 called the Irish National Health Insurance Fund 
 under the control and management of the Irish 
 Insurance Commissioners, and the sums required 
 to meet expenditure properly incurred by 
 approved societies and Insurance Committees 
 for the purposes of such benefits and the 
 administration of such benefits shall be paid 
 out of that fund and the foregoing provisions 
 of this Act with respect to the National Health 
 Insurance Fund shall with the necessary modifi- 
 cations apply to the Irish National Health 
 Insurance Fund accordingly : 
 
 (3) The provisions of this Part of this Act con- 
 ferring a right to exemption shall extend to 
 any person employed in harvesting or other 
 agricultural work who proves — 
 
 («) that he is an Irish migratory labourer, that is 
 to say, a person who, having a permanent 
 
14^ National Insurance Act. 
 
 home at some place in Ireland, has temporarily 
 
 removed to some other place in Ireland or to 
 
 Great Britain for the purpose of obtaining 
 
 such employment ; and 
 
 (b) that he ordinarily resides at such permanent 
 
 home for not less than twenty-six weeks in 
 
 the year and is not employed within the 
 
 meaning of this Part of this Act whilst so 
 
 resident ; 
 
 and any contributions paid in Great Britain by 
 
 the employer of a person holding a certificate of 
 
 exemption by virtue of this provision shall be 
 
 transferred to the Irish Insurance Commissioners 
 
 for the purpose of being carried to such account 
 
 and being dealt with in such manner as may be 
 
 prescribed by the regulations made in that behalf 
 
 by the Irish Insurance Commissioners ; 
 
 (4) Employmeht in Ireland as an outworker, where 
 
 the wages or other remuneration derived from the 
 employment are not the principal means of liveli- 
 hood of the person employed, shall be deemed to 
 be included amongst the excepted employments 
 specified in Part II. of the First Schedule to this 
 Act: 
 
 (5) The reference to the Lord Chancellor shall be 
 
 construed as a reference to the Lord Chancellor 
 of Ireland ; 
 
 The reference to the Lord Chief Justice shall 
 be construed as a reference to the Lord Chief 
 Justice of Ireland ; ' ' 
 
 The reference to the Local Government Board, 
 as regards the making of regulatiorls with respect 
 to payments out of the Local Taxation Account, 
 shall be construed aS ' a reference to the Lord 
 Lieutenant, and other references to the Local 
 
Section 8i. 147 
 
 Government Board shall be construed as refer- 
 ences to the Local Government Board for Ireland, 
 and the reference to the Local Taxation Account 
 shall be construed as a reference to the Local 
 Taxation (Ireland) Account : 
 
 (6) A reference to the Housing of the Working 
 Classes (Ireland) Acts, .1890 to 1908, shall be 
 substituted for the reference to the Housing of 
 the Working Classes Acts, 1890' to 1909, a refer- 
 ' ence to the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 
 1907, shall be substituted for the reference to the 
 Public Health Acts and a reference to the rate or 
 fund applicable to the purposes of the Public 
 Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1907, shall be 
 substituted for any reference to the borough rate 
 or borough fund : 
 
 (7) — {a) If it appears to any county council that, 
 having regard to the number of employed con- 
 tributors resident in the county who are not 
 members of any society approved under the 
 foregoing provisions of this Act it is desirable 
 that §teps should be taken by the council for the 
 establishment of an approved society for the 
 county under the council (in this section referred 
 to as a county society), the council may, at any 
 time before the expiration of one year from the 
 commencement of this Act, submit to the Irish 
 Insurance Commissioners a scheme for the 
 establishment of a county society ; 
 
 {b) The scheme may provide for — 
 
 (i) the representation of the council on the com- 
 mittee of management of the society ; 
 (ii) the appointment of officers subject to the 
 
 approval of the council ; 
 (iii) the delegation of powers to committees ; 
 
148 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (iv) the giving of security by means of a charge 
 upon the county fund or otherwise ; 
 
 (v) the restriction of membership to insured per- 
 sons resident in the county not being members 
 of any other approved society ; 
 
 (vi) the reduction of benefits below the minimum 
 rates fixed by this Part of this Act ; and 
 
 (vii) such other matters as may appear necessary, 
 and in particular such further modifications of 
 the provisions of this Part of this Act with 
 respect to approved societies as may be 
 required for the purpose of adapting those 
 provisions to the case of a county society ; 
 
 [c) Where such a scheme has been approved by the 
 
 Irish Insurance Commissioners, the provisions 
 of the scheme shall have effect, notwithstanding 
 anything to the contrary in this Part of this 
 Act ; and, subject to those provisions, the 
 county society shall be an approved society 
 for all the purposes of this Part of this Act ; 
 
 (d) A county council desirous of submitting a scheme 
 under this section may, at any time after the 
 passing of this Act, take such steps as appear 
 necessary with a view to ascertaining what 
 insured persons resident in the county are eligible 
 and willing to become members of the proposed 
 county society, and generally for the formation of 
 the society : 
 
 (8) The provisiojis with respect to the appointment of 
 Insurance Committees shall have effect, subject to 
 the following modifications, namely : — 
 
 The number of members of an Insurance Com- 
 mittee shall be twenty-four, and of that number — 
 («) twelve shall be appointed in such manner as 
 may be prescribed by regulations of the Irish 
 
Section 8i. 149 
 
 Insurance Commissioners so as to secure repre- 
 •sentation of the insured persons resident in the 
 county or county borough who are members of 
 approved societies, and who are deposit con- 
 tributors, in proportion, as nearly as may be, to 
 their respective numbers, and the regulations 
 so made shall provide for conferring on the 
 approved societies which have members resi- 
 dent in the county or county borough the 
 power of appointing representatives of such 
 members, and, where an association of deposit 
 contributors resident in the county or county 
 borough has been formed under such regu- 
 lations as aforesaid, for conferring on such 
 association the power of appointing the repre- 
 sentatives of the deposit contributors ; 
 
 (b) eight (of whom at least one shall be a member 
 
 of a local sanitary authority and at least two 
 shall be women) shall be appointed by the 
 council of the county or county borough ; and 
 
 (c) four (of whom at least two shall be duly qualified 
 
 medical practitioners) shall be appointed by the 
 
 Irish Insurance Commissioners ; 
 Provided that the Irish Insurance Commissioners 
 may, where any part of the cost of sanatorium 
 benefit is defrayed by the council of the county 
 or county borough, increase the representation of 
 the council and make a corresponding diminution 
 in the representation of the insured persons : 
 (9) An insured person in Ireland shall not be entitled 
 to medical benefit under this Part of this Act, and 
 the provisions with respect to medical benefit 
 shall not apply : 
 
 Provided that medical benefit for an insured 
 person being a member of an approved society 
 
150 National Insurance Act. 
 
 shall be deemed to be included amongst the 
 additional benefits specified in Part.- II. of the 
 Fourth Schedule ■ to this Act, and that such 
 medical benefit when provided shall be adminis- 
 tered by the Insurance Committee in accordance 
 with the provisions of this Part of this Act, unless 
 the Irish Insurance Commissioners otherwise 
 direct : 
 
 (10) As respects employed contributors in Ireland, 
 the employed rate shall be the rate specified in 
 Part II. of the Second Schedule to this Act, and 
 the contributions by the contributors and contri- 
 butions by the employers shall be at the rates 
 specified in Part II. instead of the rates specified 
 in Part I. of that schedule, and there shall be 
 credited to the society of which any employed 
 contributor in Ireland is a member or, if he is a 
 deposit contributor, to his account, in the Post 
 Office Fund, the difference between the amount 
 of contributions actually paid by or in respect of 
 him at the rate specified in Part II. of the Second 
 Schedule to this Act and the amount which would 
 have been paid if those contributions had been at 
 the I'ate specified in Part I. of that schedule, and 
 the amount of that difference shall be treated as 
 having been expended on Taenefits and the proper 
 proportion thereof shall accordingly be paid out 
 of moneys provided by Parliament : 
 
 (11) The foregoing provisions of this section as to the 
 crediting of differences shall apply in the case of 
 voluntary contributors resident in Ireland, with 
 the modification that where the voluntary rate is 
 not the same as the employed rate, the difference 
 to be credited shall be the difference between the 
 amount of contributions actually paid at the 
 
Section 8i. 151 
 
 voluntary rate and the amount which would have 
 been paid if the contributor had been a voluntary 
 contributor resident in Great Britain : 
 
 Provided that, in the case of a married 
 woman resident in Ireland becoming a volun- 
 tary contributor at reduced rates of benefit 
 under the special provisions with respect to 
 married women, the rate of contributions pay- 
 able by her shall be one penny halfpenny a 
 week instead of three " pence a week, and the 
 difference to be credited shall be one penny 
 halfpenny a week accordingly ; 
 
 (12) In ascertaining the voluntary rate applicable 
 to voluntary contributors in Ireland in cases 
 where that rate is not the same as the em- 
 ployed rate, regard shall be had both to the 
 provisions of this section as to the crediting 
 of differences and to the proportion of benefits 
 to be paid out of the contributions payable 
 by or in respect of such contributors : 
 
 (13) Rules of an approved society or Insurance 
 Committee under this Part of this Act may 
 provide for the inspection of medical relief 
 registers by officers of the society or Com- 
 mittee at all reasonable times, and for the 
 furnishing to the society or Committee of such' 
 medical certificates as may be necessary for 
 the purposes of the administration of the bene- 
 fits administered by the society or Committee, 
 and for the payment by the society or Com- 
 mittee to duly qualified medical practitioners 
 of such remuneration in respect of the furnish- 
 ing of those certificates as the Irish Insurance 
 Commissioners may sanction, and all payments 
 so made by the society or Committee shall 
 
152 National Insurance Act. 
 
 be treated as expenses of administering the 
 benefits aforesaid : 
 
 (14) If a grant is made to a county council or 
 county borough council out of any sum made 
 available under any other Act of the present 
 session for the purposes of the provision of or 
 making grants in aid to sanatoria and other 
 institutions for the treatment of tuberculosis or 
 such other diseases as the Local Government 
 Board may, witR the approval of the Treasury 
 appoint, the council may, subject to the sanction 
 of the Local Government Board, exercise for 
 all or any of those purposes the powers given 
 to them by Part IL of the Tuberculosis 
 Prevention (Ireland) Act, 1908, in like manner 
 as if those purposes were purposes authorised 
 by that Part of that Act, and any expenses 
 of the council so far as not defrayed out of 
 the grant shall be defrayed in manner pro- 
 vided by that Part of that Act : 
 
 (15) For the purposes of proceedings in Ireland 
 under the provisions of this Part of this Act 
 relative to disputes, regulations of the Irish 
 Insurance Commissioners may apply all or any 
 of the provisions of the Common Law Procedure 
 (Ireland) Act, 1856, with respect to arbitration : 
 
 (16) The special provisions with respect to the 
 reduction of contributions in cases where the 
 employer is liable to pay wages during sick- 
 ness shall have effect, subject to the modification 
 that, where the rate of contributions payable by 
 the employed contributor is one halfpenny a 
 week, the weekly contributions payable by the 
 employer shall be reduced by one penny half- 
 penny (or, if the employed contributor is a 
 
Sections 8i, 82. 153 
 
 woman, one penny), and the weekly contribu- 
 tions payable by the employed contributor 
 shall be reduced by one halfpenny : 
 
 (17) In the special provisions as to persons becom- 
 ing certificated teachers, references to the Board 
 of Education, to the Elementary School Teachers' 
 (Superannuation) Act, 1898, and to a public 
 elementary school shall respectively be con- 
 strued as references to the Superintendent of 
 
 the Teachers' Pension Office, to the National 42 & 43 vkt. 
 
 c. 74. 
 
 School Teachers' (Ireland) Act, 1879, and to 
 a national school, and any sums paid to the 
 Superintendent of the Teachers' Pension Office 
 in pursuance of those provisions shall be carried 
 to the Pension Fund established under the 
 last-mentioned Act and shall be dealt with in 
 accordance with rules under that Act : 
 
 (18) As respects insured persons in Ireland, " six- 
 elevenths " shall be substituted for " four- 
 sevenths " and (in the case of women), ''four- 
 ninths" shall be substituted for "one-half": 
 
 (19) For the reference to the registrar of the county 
 court there shall be substituted a reference to 
 
 a magistrate appointed under the Constabulary 6 & 7 wni. 4, 
 (Ireland) Act, 1836 : 
 
 (20) For references to a duly certified midwife, there 
 shall be substituted references to a midwife 
 having such qualifications as may be prescribed. 
 
 Establishment of Commissioners for Wales. 
 
 82. — (i) For the purpose of carrying this Part of this 
 Act into. effect in Wales, there shall be constituted, as soon 
 as may be after the passing of this Act, Commissioners for 
 Wales (to be called the Welsh Insurance Commissioners) 
 with a central office in such town in Wales as the Treasury 
 
154 Natipnal Insurance Act. 
 
 may determine, and with such branch offices in Wales as 
 the Treasury may think fit, and the Welsh Insurance 
 Commissioners, of whom one at least shall be a duly 
 qualified medical practitioner, shall be appointed by the 
 Treasury, and may appoint such officers, inspectors, 
 referees, and servants for the purposes aforesaid as the 
 Welsh Insurance Commissioners, subject to the approval 
 of the Treasury, may determine, and the provisions of this 
 Part of this Act with respect to the payment of the salaries 
 and remuneration of the Insurance Commissioners, and 
 the officers, inspectors, referees, and servants appointed by 
 them, and with respect to the payment of the expenses 
 incurred by the Treasury or the Insurance Commissioners 
 in carrying this Part of this A,ct into effect shall, with the 
 necessary modifications, apply to the payment of the 
 salaries and remuneration of the Welsh Insurance Com- 
 missioners and the officers, inspectors, referees, and servants 
 appointed by them, and to the payment of expenses 
 incurred by the Treasury or the Welsh Insurance Com- 
 missioners in carrying this Part of this Act into effect in 
 Wales, and for the purpose aforesaid the Welsh Insurance 
 Commissioners and the officers, inspectors, referees, and 
 servants appointed by them shall respectively have all the 
 like powers and duties as are by the provisions of this Act 
 conferred and imposed on the Insurance Commissioners 
 and the officers, inspectors, referees, and servants appointed 
 by them, and references in those provisions to the Insurance 
 Commissioners shall be construed as references to the 
 Welsh Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 (2) All sums received from contributions under this Part 
 of this Act in respect of insured persons resident in Wales, 
 and all sums paid out of moneys provided by Parliament in 
 respect of benefits under this Part of this Act to such 
 persons, and the expenses of administration of such benefits 
 shall be paid into a fund to be called the Welsh National 
 
Sections 82, 8j. 155 
 
 Health Insurance Fund, under the control and manage- 
 ment of the Welsh Insurance Commissioners, and the 
 sums required to meet expenditure properly incurred by- 
 approved societies and Insurance Committees for the 
 purposes of such benefits and the administration of such 
 benefits shall be paid out of that fund, and the fore- 
 going provisions of this Act, with respect to the National 
 Health Insurance Fund shall, with the necessary modifica- 
 tions, apply to the Welsh National Health Insurance Fund 
 accordingly. 
 
 (3) The powers of the Local Government Board with 
 respect to the distribution of any sum available for the 
 purpose of the provision of or making grants in aid to 
 sanatoria and other institutions shall, as respects the part 
 thereof apportioned to Wales, be exercised by the Welsh 
 Insurance Commissioners. ■ 
 
 (4) If before or within twelve months after the com- 
 mencement of this Act there is established for Wales by 
 royal charter an association for the purpose of providing 
 sanatoria and other institutions for the treatment and 
 prevention of tuberculosis or such other diseases as the 
 Local Government Board, with the approval of the 
 Treasury, may appoint, the Welsh Insurance Commissioners 
 in making and the Treasury in approving grants from any 
 such sum as is in the last preceding subsection mentioned 
 shall have regard to the provision of such institutions which 
 may have been made, or may be proposed to be made, by 
 the association. 
 
 Joint committee of Commissioners. 
 
 83. — (i) There shall be constituted as soon as may be 
 after the passing of this Act, in accordance with regulations 
 to be made by the Treasury, a joint committee of the 
 several bodies of Commissioners appointed for the purposes 
 of this Part of this Act, consisting of such members of each 
 
156 National Insurance Act. 
 
 such body selected in such manner as may be provided by 
 the regulations and of a chairman and other members (not 
 exceeding two in number) to be appointed by the Treasury, 
 and the chairman shall not by reason of his office be 
 incapable of being elected to or voting in the Commons 
 House of Parliament. 
 
 (2) The joint committee may make such financial 
 adjustments as may be necessary between the several 
 funds under the control and management of the several 
 bodies of Commissioners, and shall exercise and perform 
 such powers and duties of the several bodies of Com- 
 missioners under this Part of this Act, either alone or 
 jointly with any of those bodies, as may be provided 
 by such regulations. 
 
 (3) Amongst the powers so exercisable by the joint 
 committee shall be included a power of making regulations 
 as to the valuation of societies and branches which have 
 amongst their members persons resident in England, 
 Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, or any two or any three of 
 such parts of the United Kingdom, and the regulations so 
 made shall require that, for the purposes of the provisions 
 of this Part of this Act relating to valuations, .surpluses, 
 deficiencies and transfers, the members resident in each 
 such part shall be treated as if they formed a separate 
 society. 
 
 (4) Regulations made by the Treasury under this 
 section shall be laid before Parliament as soon as may 
 be after they are made, but, if an Address is presented 
 to His Majesty by either House of Parliament within 
 the next subsequent twenty-one days on which that 
 House has sat next after any such regulation is laid 
 before it, praying that the regulation may be annulled. 
 His Majesty in Council may annul the regulation and 
 it shall thenceforth be void, but without prejudice to the 
 validity of anything previously done thereunder. 
 
Sections 8j, 8^, 85. 157 
 
 Part II. 
 
 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE. 
 
 Right of workmen in insured trades to unemployment 
 benefit. 
 
 84. Every workman who, having been employed in a 
 trade mentioned in the Sixth Schedule to this Act (in 
 this Act referred to as " an insured trade ") is 
 unemployed, and in whose case the conditions laid down 
 by this Part of this Act (in this Act referred to as 
 " statutory conditions ") are fulfilled, shall be entitled, 
 subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, to 
 receive payments (in this Act referred to as " unemploy- 
 ment benefit ") at weekly or other prescribed intervals 
 at such rates and for such periods as are authorised by or 
 under the Seventh Schedule to this Act, so long as 
 those conditions continue to be fulfilled, and so long as 
 he is not disqualified under this' Act for the receipt of 
 unemployment benefit : 
 
 Provided that unemployment benefit shall not be paid 
 in respect of any period of unemployment which occurs ■ 
 during the six months following the commencement of 
 this Act. 
 
 '"Workman" is defined in s. 107. For "siatutory conditions" see s. 86. 
 For that which makes a workman "disqualified" see s. 87. 
 
 Contributions by workmefi, employers, and the Treasury. 
 
 85. — (i) The sums required for the payment of 
 unemployment benefit under this Act shall be derived 
 partly from contributions by workmen in the insured 
 trades and partly from contributions by employers of 
 such workmen and partly from moneys provided by 
 Parliament. 
 
158 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act, 
 every workman employed within the United Kingdom 
 in an insured trade, and every employer of any such 
 workman, shall be liable • to pay contributions at the 
 rates specified in the Eighth Schedule to this Act. 
 
 (3) Except where the regulations under this Part of 
 this Act otherwise prescribe, the employer shall, in the 
 first instance, be liable to pay both the contribution 
 pa5'-able by himself, and also on behalf of and to the' 
 exclusion of the workman, the contribution payable by 
 such workman, and subject to such regulations, shall be 
 entitled, notwithstanding the provisions of any Act or 
 any contract to the contrary, to recover from the 
 workman by deductions from the workman's wages or 
 from any other payment due from him to the workman 
 the amount of the contributions so paid by him on 
 behalf of the workman. 
 
 (4) Notwithstanding any contract to the contrary, the 
 employer shall not be entitled to deduct from the 
 wages of or other payment due to the workmarl, or' 
 otherwise recover from the workman by any legal 
 process the contributions payable by the employer 
 himself. 
 
 (5) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act,- 
 the Board of Trade may make regulations providing 
 for any matters incidental to the payment and collection 
 of contributions payable under this Part of this Act, 
 and in particular for — 
 
 {a) payment of contributions by means of adhesive 
 or other stamps affixed to or impressed upon 
 books or cards, or otherwise, and for regulating 
 the manner, times and conditions in, at and 
 under which such stamps are to be affixed and 
 impressed or payments are otherwise to be 
 made ; 
 
Sections 8^, 86. 159 
 
 {b) the issue, sale, custody, production, and delivery 
 up of books or cards and the replacement of 
 books or cards which have been lost destroyed 
 or defaced. 
 
 (6) A contribution shall be made in each year out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament equal" to one-third of 
 the total contributions received from employers and 
 workmen during that year, and the sums to be con- 
 tributed in any year shall be paid in such manner and 
 at such times as the Treasury may determine. 
 
 The obligation of making the scheme known to the working population lies 
 upon the employer. In engaging a man or woman the employer must ask for 
 his or her book and must affix in it stamps of the necessary value. This 
 has to be done on the first day in every week upon which the worker secures 
 employment, whether Monday or Saturday. In the case of a w.orkman, for 
 example, a gardener, employed three days a week by one person and three 
 days a week by another, there is no employer's contribution if the employment 
 is casual, but if it is permanent, the payment is made by the first employer in 
 the week. 
 
 Statutory conditions for receipt of unemployment benefit. 
 
 86. The statutory conditions for the receipt of unem- 
 ployment benefit by any workman are — 
 
 (i) that he proves that he has been employed as a 
 workman in an insured trade in each of not less' 
 than twenty-six separate calendar weeks in the 
 preceding five years ; 
 
 (2) that he has made application for unemployment 
 
 benefit in the prescribed manner,-and proves that 
 since the date of the application he has been 
 continuously unemployed ; 
 
 (3) that he is capable of work but unable to obtain 
 
 suitable employment ; 
 
 (4) that he has not exhausted his right to unemploy- 
 
 ment benefit under this Part of this Act; 
 
i6o National Insurance Act. 
 
 Provided that a workman shall not be deemed to have 
 failed to fulfil the statutory conditions by reason only that 
 he has declined — 
 
 (a) an offer of employment in a situation vacant in 
 consequence of a stoppage of work due to a trade 
 dispute ; or 
 ib) an offer of employment in the district where he 
 was last ordinarily employed at a rate of wage 
 lower-, or on conditions less favourable, than those 
 which he habitually obtained in his usual employ- 
 ment in that district, or would have obtained had 
 he continued to be so employed ; or 
 (c) an offer of employment in any other district at a 
 rate of wage lower or on conditions less favour- 
 able than those generally observed in such district 
 by agreement between associations of employers 
 and of workmen, or, failing any such agreement, 
 than those generally recognised in such districts 
 by good employers. 
 
 Where workmen are employed at one time in occupations covered by the 
 Act and at another time in occupations outside the Act, such workmen will 
 contribute to the fund so long as they are employed in an insured trade and 
 will become entitled to the benefits prescribed by the Act,, whilst unemployed, 
 whether or not they work at another trade in the meantime. Their claim to 
 benefit will of course be limited automatically by the rule that not more than 
 one week's benefit is payable for every five weeks' contributions. 
 
 Disqualifications for unemployment benefit. 
 
 87. — (i) A workman who has lost employment by 
 reason of a stoppage of work which was due to a trade 
 dispute at the factory, workshop, or other premises at 
 which he was employed, shall be disqualified for receiving 
 unemployment benefit so long as the stoppage of work 
 continues, except in a case where he has, during the 
 stoppage of work, become boni fide employed elsewhere 
 in an insured trade. 
 
Sections 86, 8y, 88. i6i 
 
 Where separate branches of work which are commonly 
 carried on as separate businesses in separate premises are 
 in any case carried on in separate departments on the same 
 premises, each of those departments shall, for the purposes 
 of this provision, be deemed to be a separate factory or 
 workshop or separate premises, as the case may be. 
 
 The disqualification for receiving unemployment benefit will cease on the 
 termination of the dispute, whether or not the workman is employed to start 
 work. 
 
 Where a workman belongs to a trade which is affected by the trade dispute, 
 although not directly concerned in it, and is unemployed in consequence, he 
 will receive unemployment benefit. 
 
 (2) A workman who loses employment through mis- 
 conduct or who voluntarily leaves his employment without 
 just cause shall be disqualified for receiving unemployment 
 benefit for a period of six weeks from the date when he so 
 lost employment. 
 
 (3) A workman shall be disqualified for receiving un- 
 employment benefit whilst he is an inmate of any prison or 
 any workhouse or other institution supported wholly or 
 partly out of public funds, and whilst he is resident 
 temporarily or permanently outside the United Kingdom. 
 
 (4) A workman shall be disqualified for receiving un- 
 employment benefit while he is in receipt of any sickness 
 or disablement benefit or disablement allowance under 
 Part I. of this Act. 
 
 Determination of claims. 
 
 88. — (i) All claims for unemployment benefit under 
 this Part of this Act, and all questions whether the 
 statutory conditions are fulfilled in the case of any 
 workman claiming such benefit, or whether those 
 conditions continue to be fulfilled in the case of a 
 workman in receipt of such benefit, or whether a 
 
 G 
 
1 62 National Insurance Act. 
 
 workman is disqualified for receiving or continuing 
 to receive such benefit, or otherwise arising in con- 
 nection with such claims, shall be determined by one of 
 the ofificers appointed under this Part of this Act for 
 determining such claims for benefit (in this Act referred to 
 as " insurance officers ") : 
 Provided that — 
 
 {a) in any case where unemployment benefit is refused 
 or is stopped, or where the amount of the 
 benefit allowed is not in accordance with the 
 claim, the workman may require the insurance 
 officer to report the matter to a court of referees 
 constituted in accordance with this Part of this 
 Act, and the court of referees after considering 
 the circumstances may make to the insurance 
 officer such recommendations on the case as they 
 may think proper, and the insurance officer shall, 
 unless he disagrees, give effect to those recom- 
 mendations. If the insurance officer disagrees 
 with any such recommendation, he shall, if so 
 requested by the court of referees, refer the 
 recommendation, with his reasons for disagree- 
 ment, to the umpire appointed under this Part 
 of this Act, whose decision shall be final and 
 conclusive ; 
 (b) the insurance officer in any case in which he 
 considers it expedient to do so may, instead of 
 himself determining the claim or question, refer it 
 to a court of referees, who shall in such case 
 determine the question, and the decision of the 
 court of referees shall be final and conclusive. 
 (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed as pre- 
 venting an insurance officer or umpire, or a court of 
 referees, on new facts being brought to his or their know- 
 ledge, revising a decision or recommendation given in any 
 
Sections 88, 8g. 163 
 
 particular case, but, where any such revision is made, the 
 revised decision or recommendation shall have effect as if 
 it had been an original , decision or recommendation, and 
 the foregoing provisions of this section shall apply accord- 
 ingly, without prejudice to the retention of any benefit 
 which may have been received under the decision or 
 recommendation which has been revised. 
 
 (3) The Arbitration Act, 1 889, shall not apply to s^ & 53 vict. 
 
 c. 49. 
 
 proceedings under this section, except so far as it may be 
 applied by regulations under this Part of this Act. 
 
 (4) For the purposes of proceedings under this section 
 in Ireland, regulations may apply all or any of the pro- 
 visions of the Common Law Procedure (Ireland) Act, i9&=oVict. 
 1856, with respect to arbitration. 
 
 Appointment of umpire, insurance officers, inspectors, etc. 
 
 89. — (i) For the purposes of this Part of this Act, an 
 umpire may be appointed by His Majesty and insurance 
 officers shall be appointed by the Board of Trade (subject 
 to the consent of the Treasury as to number) and the 
 insurance officers shall be appointed to act for such arrears 
 as the Board direct. 
 
 (2) The Board of Trade may appoint such other officers, 
 inspectors, and servants for the purposes of this Part of 
 this Act as the Board may, with the sanction of the 
 Treasury, determine, and there shall be paid out of moneys 
 provided by Parliament to the umpire and insurance 
 officers and to such other officers, inspectors, and servants, 
 such salaries or remuneration as the Treasury may deter- 
 minCy and any expenses incurred by the Board of Trade 
 in carrying this Part of this Act into effect to such amount 
 as may be sanctioned by the Treasury shall be defrayed 
 out of moneys provided by Parliament : 
 
 Provided that such sum as the Treasury may direct, not 
 exceeding one-tenth of the receipts, other than advances 
 
 G 2 
 
164 National Insurance Act. 
 
 by the Treasury, paid into the unemployment fund on 
 income account shall, in accordance with regulations made 
 by the Treasury, be applied as an appropriation in aid of 
 money provided by Parliament for the purpose of such 
 salaries, remuneration, and expenses. 
 
 Courts of referees. 
 90. — (i) A court of referees for the purposes of this Part 
 of this Act shall consist of one or more members chosen to 
 represent employers, with an equal number of members 
 chosen to represent workmen, and a chairman appointed 
 by the Board of Trade. 
 
 (2) Panels of persons chosen to represent employers 
 and workmen respectively shall be constituted by the 
 Board of Trade for such districts and such trades or 
 groups of trades as the Board may think fit, and the 
 members of a court of referees to be chosen to repre- 
 sent employers and workmen shall be selected from 
 those panels in the prescribed manner. 
 
 (3) Subject as aforesaid, the constitution of courts of 
 referees shall be determined by regulations made by 
 the Board of Trade. 
 
 (4) The regulations of the Board of Trade may 
 further provide for the reference to referees chosen from 
 the panels constituted under this section, for considera- 
 tion and advice, of questions bearing upon the admin- 
 istration of this Part of this Act, and for the holding 
 of meetings of referees for the purpose. 
 
 (5) The Board of Trade may pay such remuneration 
 to the chairman and other members of a court of 
 referees and such travelling and other allowances (in- 
 cluding compensation for loss of time) to persons required 
 to attend before any such court, and such other expenses 
 in connection with any referees, as the Board, with 
 the sanction of the Treasury determine, and any such 
 
Sections <?p, j)o, p/. 165 
 
 payments shall be treated as expenses incurred by 
 the Board of Trade in carrying this Part of this Act 
 into effect. 
 
 Regulations. 
 
 91. — (i) The Board of Trade may make regulations 
 for any of the purposes for which regulations may be 
 made under this Part of this Act and the Schedules 
 therein referred to, and for prescribing anything which 
 under this Part of this Act or any such Schedules is to 
 be prescribed, and — 
 
 {a) for permitting workmen who are employed 
 under the same employer partly in an insured 
 trade and partly not in an insured trade to be 
 treated with the consent of the employer as if 
 they were wholly employed in an insured trade ; 
 and 
 
 {b) for giving employers, and workmen, and the 
 Board of Trade an opportunity of obtaining a 
 decision by the umpire appointed under this 
 Part of this Act on any question whether con- 
 tributions under this Part of this Act are 
 payable in respect of any workman or class 
 of workmen, and for securing that a workman 
 in whose case contributions have been paid in 
 accordance with any such decision, shall, as 
 respects any unemployment benefit payable in 
 respect of those contributions, be treated as 
 a workman employed in an insured trade, 
 and for securing that employers and workmen 
 shall be protected, from proceedings and penal- 
 ties in cases where, in accordance with any 
 such decision, they have paid or refrained from 
 paying contributions ; and 
 
1 66 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (c) for prescribing the evidence to be required as to 
 
 the fulfilment of the conditions and qualifica- 
 tions for receiving or continuing to receive 
 unemployment benefit, and for that purpose 
 requiring the attendance of workmen at such 
 ofiSces or places and at such times as may be 
 required ; and 
 
 (d) for prescribing the manner in which claims for 
 
 unemployment benefit may be made and the 
 procedure to be followed on the consideration 
 and examination of claims and questions to be 
 considered and determined by the insurance 
 officers, courts of referees, and umpire, and the 
 mode in which any question may be raised as 
 to the continuance, in the case of a workman 
 in receipt of unemployment benefit, of such 
 benefit, and for making provision with respect 
 to the appointment of a deputy umpire in the 
 case of the unavoidable absence or incapacity 
 of the umpire ; and 
 
 (e) with respect to the payment of contributions 
 
 and benefits during any period intervening 
 between any application for the decision of any 
 question or any claim for benefit, and the final 
 determination of the question or claim ; and 
 (_/■) for providing that, where any workmen are 
 employed in or for the purposes of the 
 business of any person, but are not actually 
 employed by that person, that person may be 
 treated for the purposes of this Part of this 
 Act as their employer instead of their actual 
 employer, and for allowing that" person to 
 deduct from any payments made by him to 
 the actual employer any sums paid by him as 
 contributions on behalf of the workmen, and 
 
Sections pi, p2. 167 
 
 for allowing the actual employer to recover the 
 like sums from the workmen ; and 
 generally for carrying this Part of this Act into effect, 
 and any regulations so made shall . have effect as if 
 enacted in this Act. 
 
 Any regulations made under this section for giving 
 an opportunity of obtaining a decision of the umpire 
 may be brought into operation as soon as may be after 
 the passing of this Act. 
 
 (2) The regulations may, with the concurrence of the 
 Postmaster-General, provide for enabling claimants of 
 unemployment benefit to make their claims for unemploy- 
 ment benefit under this Act through the Post Office, and 
 for the payment of unemployment benefit through the Post 
 Office. 
 
 (3) All regulations made under this section shall be laid 
 before each House of Parliament as soon as may be after 
 they are made, and, if an Address is presented to His 
 
 Majesty by either House of Parliament within the next 
 subsequent forty days on which that House has sat next 
 after any such regulation is laid before it, praying that the 
 regulation may be annulled, it shall thenceforth be void, 
 but without prejudice to the validity of anything previously 
 done thereunder, or to the making of any new regulation. 
 
 Unemployment fund. 
 92. — (l) For the purposes of this Part of this Act, there 
 shall be established under the control and management of 
 the Board of Trade a fund called the unemployment fund, 
 into which shall be paid all contributions payable under 
 this Part of this Act by employers and workmen and out 
 of moneys provided by Parliament, and out of which shall 
 be paid all claims for unemployment benefit and any other 
 payments which under this Part of this Act are payable 
 out of the fund. 
 
1 68 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) The accounts of the unemployment fund shall be 
 audited by the Comptroller and Auditor-General in such 
 manner as the Treasury may direct. 
 
 (3) Any moneys forming part of the unemployment 
 fund may from time to time be paid over to the National 
 Debt Commissioners and by them invested in accordance 
 with regulations made by the Treasury in any securities 
 which are for the time being authorised by Parliament 
 as investments for savings banks moneys. 
 
 (4) The National Debt Commissioners shall present to 
 Parliament annually an account of the securities in which 
 moneys forming part of the said fund are for the time 
 being invested. 
 
 Treasury advances. 
 
 93. — (i) The Treasury may out of the Consolidated 
 Fund or the growing produce thereof advance on the 
 security of the unemployment fund any sums required for 
 the purpose of discharging the liabilities of that fund under 
 this Part of this Act : Provided that the total amount of 
 advances outstanding at any time shall not exceed three 
 million pounds. 
 
 The State does not guarantee the benefits receivable under the Act, but the 
 Treasury may advance moneys to the unemployment fund to meet times of 
 great depression of trade. 
 
 (2) If, whilst any part of any such advance is outstanding, 
 it appears to the Treasury that the unemployment fund is 
 insolvent, the Board of Trade shall, if the Treasury so 
 direct, by order, make such temporary modifications in any 
 of the rates of contribution, or the rates or periods of 
 unemployment benefit, and during such period, as the 
 Board of Trade think fit, and as will on the whole, in the 
 opinion of the Treasury, be sufficient to secure the solvency- 
 of the unemployment fund : 
 
Sections p^, pj. 169 
 
 Provided that no order made under this subsection shall 
 reduce the weekly rate of unemployment benefit below 
 the sum of five shillings, or shall increase the rates of 
 contribution from employers or workmen by more 
 than one penny per workman per week, or increase 
 those rates unequally as between employers and workmen, 
 and no such order shall remain in force more than three 
 months after all the advances and interest thereon have 
 been repaid, or come into force until one month after it 
 is made. 
 
 (3) An order under this section shall not be made so as 
 to be in force at any time while any previous order made 
 under this section is in force. 
 
 (4) On any such order being made, the Board of Trade 
 shall cause the order, together with a special report as to 
 the reasons for making the order, to be laid before 
 Parliament. 
 
 (5) The Treasury may, for the purpose of providing for 
 the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund under this 
 section, or for the repayment to that fund of all or any 
 part of the sums so issued, or for paying off any security 
 issued under this section, so far as that payment is not 
 otherwise provided for, borrow money by means of the 
 issue of Exchequer bonds or Treasury bills, and all sums 
 so borrowed shall be paid into the Exchequer. 
 
 (6) The principal of and interest on any Exchequer 
 bonds issued under this section shall be charged on and 
 payable out of the Consolidated Fund of the United 
 Kingdom, or the growing produce thereof. 
 
 (7) Nothwithstanding anything in any other Act, money 
 in the hands of the National Debt Commissioners for the 
 reduction of the National Debt shall not be applied to 
 purchasing, reducing, or paying off any Exchequer bonds 
 or Treasury bills issued under this section. 
 
I70 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Refund of part of contributions paid by employer in the case of 
 workmen continuously employed. 
 
 94. — (i) The Board of Trade shall, on the application 
 of any employer made within one month after the 
 termination of any calendar year, or other prescribed 
 period of twelve months, refund to such employer out of 
 the unemployment fund a sum equal to one-third of the 
 contributions (exclusive of any contributions refunded to 
 him under any other provisions of this Part of this Act) 
 paid by him on his own behalf during that period in respect 
 of any workman who has been continuously in his service 
 through the period, and in respect of whom not less than 
 forty-five contributions have basn paid during the pariod. 
 
 (2) For the purpose of meeting any change in the 
 period for which any refund of contributions is to be 
 made under the foregoing provisions of this section, or 
 for the purpose of making provision for any period 
 which may elapse between the date on which contri- 
 butions commence to be payable under this Part of this 
 Act and the date on which the first period for the 
 refund of contributions under the foregoing provisions 
 of this section commences, the Board of Trade may, so 
 far as necessary for the purpose, apply the provisions of 
 this section to any period less than twelve months, 
 subject to such proportionate reduction of the number 
 of Contributions required as they direct , and this section 
 shall take effect as regards any such period of less than 
 twelve months as so applied. 
 
 Repayment of part of contributions by workmen in certain cases. 
 
 96. — '(i) If it is shown to the satisfaction of the 
 Board of Trade by any workmen or his personal repre- 
 sentatives that the workman has paid contributions in 
 accordance with the provisions of this Part of this Act 
 
Sections p^, p5, p<5. 171 
 
 in respect of five hundred weeks or upwards, and that 
 the workman has reached the age of sixty, or before 
 his death had reached the age of sixty, the workman 
 or his representatives shall be entitled to be repaid the 
 amount, if any, by which the total amount of such con- 
 tributions have exceeded the total amount received by 
 him out of the unemployment fund under this Act, 
 together with compound interest at the rate of two and 
 a half per cent, per annum calculated in the prescribed 
 manner. 
 
 This sul)seclion does not authorise the repayment to a workman who 
 has reached the age of sixty years of any portion of the fund except that 
 which represents his own contributions. 
 
 If a workman, who has received the lump sum, goes back to his trade, 
 he is put back in the same position as he was before, after deducting the 
 amount which has been repaid to him. 
 
 (2) A repayment to a workman under this section 
 shall not affect his liability to pay contributions under 
 this Part of this Act, and, if after any such repayment 
 he becomes entitled to unemployment benefit, he shall 
 be treated as having paid in respect of the period for 
 which the repayment has been made the full number of 
 contributions which is most nearly equal to five-eighths 
 of the number of contributions actually paid during that 
 period. 
 
 The workman's weekly contribution of twopence halfpenny forms three- 
 eighths of the whole sum contributed by the workman, his employer, and 
 the State. If, on reaching the age of sixty, the workman has withdrawn 
 three-eighths of the amount standing to his credit, he is to he treated as 
 having the remaining five-eighths still standing to his credit. 
 
 Refitnd of Contributions paid in respect of workmen 
 working short time. 
 
 96. — (i) If any employer satisfies the Board of Trade 
 that during any period of depression in his business 
 workmen employed by him have been systematically 
 working short time, and that during such period he has 
 
172 National Insurance Act. 
 
 paid contributions under this Part of this Act on behalf 
 of such workmen, as well as on his own behalf, without 
 recovering such contributions from such workmen either 
 by way of deductions from wages or otherwise, there 
 shall be refunded to him out of the unemployment 
 fund, in accordance with regulations made by the Board 
 of Trade, the contributions so paid by him in respect 
 of those workmen (including those paid on behalf of the 
 workmen as well as those paid on his own behalf), for 
 the period or such part thereof as in the circumstances 
 may seem just : 
 
 Provided that, except in a case where the working of 
 short time has been effected by stopping the work for 
 some day in the week which has bsea usually recog- 
 nised as a working day of at least four hours in the 
 trade and district, no such refund shall be made in 
 respect of any workmen for any week in which the 
 hours of work have exceeded five-sixths of the number 
 usually recognised as constituting a full week's work at 
 that time in the trade and district. 
 
 The phrase "short time" covers short time not only in a factory or 
 works as a whole, bat in a departmsnt of the concern. In an engineering 
 concern, for example, th; foundry may b^ working short time and the 
 erecting shop full time, 
 
 (2) Any employer who desires to take advantage of this 
 section may make an application to the Board of Trade 
 with a view to obtaining their ruling as to the circum- 
 stances under which, and the means by which, he proposes 
 to effect a reduction of working hours, and the Board of 
 Trade may, if they think fit, on the necessary information 
 being supplied, give their ruling as to whether the circum- 
 stances are such, and the proposed means of reducing 
 working hours are such, as to satisfy the requirements of 
 this section. 
 
Sections g6, p/, p<?, pp. 173 
 
 Saving for occasional employment in rural neighbourhoods. 
 
 97. Where a workman is employed in a district which 
 is rural in its character, and the workman usually follows 
 in that district some occupation other than an insured 
 trade, and is employed in an insured trade occasionally 
 only, contributions under this Part of this Act shall not be 
 payable in respect of the workman, except in cases where 
 the employer and the workman agree that contributions 
 shall be payable notwithstanding this provision. 
 
 Payment of contributions in case of Reservists or 
 Territorials during training. 
 
 98. Where a man of the Naval Reserves, the Army 
 Reserve, or the Territorial Force, is being trained and is in 
 receipt of pay out of the moneys provided by Parliament 
 for Navy or Army services, and immediately before the 
 training was employed in an insured trade, he shall, for 
 the purposes of this Part of this Act, be deemed, whilst so 
 training, to be in the employment of the Crown in an 
 insured trade. 
 
 Provisions with respect to workmen engaged through 
 labour exchanges. 
 
 99. — (i) The Board of Trade may, in such cases and 
 on such conditions as the Board may prescribe, make an 
 arrangement with any employer liable to pay contributions 
 under any Part of this Act, whereby, in respect of work- 
 men engaged by him through a labour exchange, or in his 
 employ at the date of such arrangement, the performance 
 of all or any of the duties required under any part of this 
 Act to be performed by the employer in respect of those 
 workmen, whether on his own behalf or on behalf of the 
 workmen, shall be undertaken on behalf of the employer 
 
174 National Insurance Act. 
 
 by the labour exchange, and whereby in respect of such 
 workmen different periods of employment, whether of the 
 same workmen or different workmen, may, for the purposes 
 of the employer's contributions under this Part of this Act, 
 but not for the purposes of a refund of any part of the 
 employer's contributions, be treated as a continuous 
 employment of a single workman. 
 
 (2) Where any such arrangement has been made, all the 
 periods of employment during which a workman engaged 
 through a labour exchange is employed by one or more 
 employers with whom such an arrangement has been 
 made, may, subject to regulations made by the Board of 
 Trade, on the application of the workman, be treated for 
 the purposes of his contributions under this Part of this 
 Act as a continuous period of employment under one 
 employer, and those regulations may provide for the 
 refund of part of his contributions under this Part of this 
 Act accordingly. 
 
 Subsidiary provisions. 
 
 100. — (i) If the repeated failure of any insured work- 
 man to obtain or retain employment appears to the 
 insurance officer to be wholly or partly due to defects in 
 skill or knowledge, the insurance officer may, if he thinks 
 fit, for the purpose of testing the skill or knowledge of the 
 workman, offer to arrange for the attendance of the work- 
 man at a suitable place for the purpose, and may, out of 
 the unemployment fund, pay all or any of the expenses 
 incidental to such attendance. 
 
 If the workman fails or refuses either to avail himself 
 of the offer, or to produce satisfactory evidence of his 
 competence, or if as a result of the test the insurance 
 officer considers that the skill or knowledge of the work- 
 man is defective, and that there is no reasonable prospect 
 of such defects being remedied, such facts shall be taken 
 
Sections pp, loo, loi, 175 
 
 into consideration in determining what is suitable employ- 
 ment for the workman. 
 
 If in any case as a result of the test the insurance officer 
 considers that the skill or knowledge of the workman is 
 defective, but that there is a reasonable prospect of the 
 defects being remedied by technical instriiction, the insur- 
 ance officer may, subject to any directions given by the 
 Board of Trade, pay out of the unemployment fund all or 
 any of the expenses incidental to the provision of the 
 instruction, if he is of opinion that the charge on the 
 unemployment fund in respect of the workman is likely to 
 be decreased by the provision of the instruction. 
 
 There is , of course, no undertaking to provide work for this class of 
 workmen. 
 
 (2) The regulations of the Board of Trade made under 
 this Part of this Act shall provide for the return to a 
 workman who is not a workman in. an insured trade and to 
 his employer of any contributions paid by them respec- 
 tively under the belief that the workman was a workman 
 in an insui'ed trade, subject, in the case of the workmen's 
 contributions, to the deduction of any amount received by 
 him in respect of unemployment benefit under a similar 
 belief. 
 
 (3) Where under regulations made by the Board of 
 Trade any sum has been paid out of the unemployment 
 fund by way of reward for the return of a book or card 
 which has been lost, the person responsible for the custody 
 of the book or card at the time of its loss shall be liable to 
 repay the sum so paid, not exceeding one shilling in respect 
 of any one occasion. 
 
 Offences and proceedings for recovery of contributions, etc. 
 
 101, — (i) If for the purpose of obtaining any benefit or 
 payment under this Part of this Act, either for himself or 
 for any other person, or for the purpose of avoiding any 
 
1/6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 payment to be made by himself under this Part of this 
 Act, or enabhng any other person to avoid any such 
 payment, any person knowingly makes any false statement 
 or false representation, he shall be liable on summary 
 conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 
 three months, with or without hard labour. 
 
 (2) If any employer or workman has failed to pay any 
 contributions which he is liable under this Part of this Act 
 to pay, or if any employer or workman or any other 
 person refuses or neglects to comply with any of the 
 requirements of this Part of this Act, or the regulations 
 made thereunder, he shall, for each offence, be liable on 
 summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten pounds, 
 and also, where the offence is failure or neglect to make 
 any contribution under this Part of this Act, to pay to the 
 unemployment fund a sum equal to three times the amount 
 which he has refused or neglected to pay (not exceeding 
 five pounds), which sum, when paid, shall be treated as a 
 payment in satisfaction of the contributions which he has 
 so refused or neglected to pay. 
 
 (3) Proceedings under the foregoing provisions of this 
 section shall not be instituted except by, or with the 
 consent of, the Board of Trade, and may be commenced at 
 any time within three months of the date at which the 
 offence comes to the knowledge of the Board of Trade. 
 
 (4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as prevent- 
 ing the Board of Trade from recovering any sums due to 
 the unemployment fund by means of civil proceedings, and 
 all such sums shall be recoverable in such proceedings as 
 debts due to the Crown. 
 
 (5) If it is found at any time that a person has been in 
 receipt of unemployment benefit under this Part of this 
 Act whilst the statutory conditions were not fulfilled in his 
 case, or whilst he was disqualified for receiving un- 
 employment benefit, he shall be liable to repay to the 
 
Sections loi, 102. 177 
 
 unemployment fund any sums paid to him in respect of 
 unemployment benefit whilst the statutory conditions were 
 not fulfilled, or whilst he was disqualified for receiving the 
 benefit, and the amount of such sums may be recovered as 
 a debt due to the Crown. 
 
 (6) In any proceedings under this section, or in any 
 proceedings involving any question as to the payment of 
 contributions under this Part of this Act, or for the 
 recovery of any sums due to the unemployment fund, the 
 decision of the umpire appointed under this Part of this 
 Act on any question arising, whether the trade in which 
 the workman is or has been employed is an insured trade 
 or not shall be conclusive for the purpose of these proceed- 
 ings, and, if no such decision has been obtained and the 
 decision of the question is necessary for the determination 
 of the proceedings, the question shall be referred, in accord- 
 ance with the regulations made under this Part of this Act, 
 to the umpire for the purpose of obtaining such a decision. 
 
 Periodical revision of rates of contribution. 
 
 102. If at any time after the expiration of seven years 
 from the commencement of this Act it appears to the 
 Board of Trade that the unemployment fund is insuiificient 
 or more than sufficient to discharge the liabilities imposed 
 upon the fund under this Part of this Act, or that the rates 
 of contribution are excessive or deficient as respects any 
 particular insured trade, or any particular branch of any 
 such trade, the Board may, with the sanction of the 
 Treasury, by special order made in manner herein-after 
 provided revise the rates of contribution of employers and 
 workmen under this Part of this Act, and any such order 
 may, if the Board think fit, prescribe different rates of 
 contribution for different insured trades or branches 
 thereof, and, where any such order is made, the rates 
 prescribed by the order shall, as from such date as may be 
 
178 National Insurance Act. 
 
 specified in the order, be substituted as respects trades or 
 branches thereof to which it relates for the rates prescribed 
 by this Act : 
 
 Provided that, where such a revision has been made, 
 no further revision under this section shall be made 
 before the expiration of seven years from the last 
 revision, and that no order under this section shall 
 increase the rates of contribution from employers or 
 workmen by more than one penny per workman per 
 week above the rates specified in the' Eighth Schedule 
 to this Act, or shall vary such rates unequally as 
 between employers and workmen. 
 
 Power to extend to other trades. 
 
 103. If it appears to the Board that it is desirable 
 to extend the provisions of this Part of this Act to 
 workmen in any trade other that an insured trade, or 
 to vary the definition of " workman " with respect to 
 the age of the persons included therein, either generally 
 or for any particular insured trade, or any particular 
 branch of any such trade, the Board may, with the 
 consent of the Treasury, make, in manner herein-after 
 provided, a special order extending this Part of this 
 Act to such workmen or so varying the definition of 
 " workman," as the case may be, either without modifi- 
 cation or subject to such modifications of . rates of 
 contribution or rates or periods of benefit as may be 
 contained in the order, and, on any such order being 
 made, this Part of this Act shall, subject to the modifi- 
 cations (if any) contained in the order, apply as if the 
 trade mentioned in the order were an insured trade, or 
 as if the definition of " workman " were varied in 
 accordance with the order, as the case may be, and as 
 if the rates of contribution and the rates and periods of 
 
Sections 102, loj, 104.. 179 
 
 benefit mentioned in the order were the rates of con- 
 tribution and the rates and periods of benefit provided 
 by this Part of this Act in respect of such trade : 
 
 Provided that no such order shall be made if the 
 person holding the inquiry in relation to the order 
 reports that the order should not be made, or if the 
 order would, in the opinion of the Treasury, increase 
 the contribution to the unemployment fund out of 
 moneys provided by Parliament to a sum exceeding one 
 million pounds a year before the expiration of three 
 years from the making of the order, and that the rates 
 of contributions mentioned in the order shall not exceed 
 the rates specified in the Eighth Schedule to this Act, 
 and shall be imposed equally as between employers and 
 workmen. 
 
 Exclusion of subsidiary occupations. 
 
 104. The Board of Trade may, if in any case they 
 consider that it is desirable, by special order exclude 
 from the occupations which are to be deemed employ- 
 ment in an insured trade for the purpose of this Part 
 of the Act — 
 
 {a) Any occupation which appears to them to be 
 
 common to insured and uninsured trades alike, 
 
 and ancillary only to the purposes of an insured 
 
 trade ; and 
 
 (b) Any occupation which appears to them to be 
 
 an occupation in a business which, though 
 
 concerned with the making of parts or the 
 
 preparation of materials for use in connection 
 
 with an insured trade, is mainly carried on as 
 
 a separate business or in connection with trades 
 
 other than insured trades ; 
 
 and, on any such order being made, the occupation to 
 
 which the order relates shall not be treated as employment 
 
i8o National Insurance Act. 
 
 in an insured trade for the purposes of this Part of this 
 Act. 
 
 Any special order made under this section may be 
 made so as to cover one or more occupations. The 
 provisions of this Part of this Act as to the laying of 
 regulations before Parliament and the presentation of 
 an Address thereon shall apply to special orders made 
 under this section. 
 
 Arrangements with associations of workmen in insured trade 
 who make payments to members whilst unemployed. 
 
 105.— (i) The Board of Trade may, on the applica- 
 tion of any association of workmen the rules of which 
 provide for payments to its members, being workmen in 
 an insured trade, or any class thereof, whilst unemployed, 
 make an arrangement with such association that, in lieu 
 of paying unemployment benefit under this Part of this 
 Act to workmen who prove that they are members of 
 the association, there shall be repaid periodically to the 
 association out of the unemployment fund such sum as 
 appears to be, as nearly as may be, equivalent to the 
 aggregate amount which such workmen would have 
 received during that period by way of unemployment 
 benefit under this Part of this Act if no such arrange- 
 ment had been made, but in no case exceeding three- 
 fourths of the amount of the payments made during 
 that period by the association to such workmen as 
 aforesaid whilst unemployed. 
 
 (2) The council or other governing body of any 
 association of workmen which has made such an 
 arrangement as aforesaid shall be entitled to treat the 
 contributions due from any of its members to the 
 unemployment fund under this Part of this Act, or any 
 part thereof, as if such contributions formed part of the 
 
Sections 104., 105, 106. 181 
 
 subscriptions payable by those members to tiie associa- 
 tion, and, notwithstanding anything in the rules of the 
 association to the contrary, may reduce the rates of 
 subscription of those members accordingly. 
 
 (3) For the purpose of determining whether a work- 
 man has exhausted his right to unemployment benefit 
 under this Part of this Act, the amount of any sum 
 which, but for this section, would have been paid to 
 him by way of unemployment benefit shall be deemed 
 to have been so paid. 
 
 (4) The Board of Trade may make regulations for 
 giving effect to this section, and for referring to the 
 umpire appointed under this Part of this Act any 
 question which may arise under this section. 
 
 (5) The fact that persons other than workmen can be 
 members of an association shall not prevent the associa- 
 tion being treated as an association of workmen for the 
 purposes of this section, if the association is substantially 
 an association of workmen. 
 
 Repayments to associations who make payments to persons 
 whether ivorkmen in insured trade or not, whilst unemployed. 
 
 106. — (i) The Board of Trade may, with the consent 
 of the Treasury, and on such conditions and either 
 annually or at such other intervals as the Board may 
 prescribe, repay out of moneys provided by Parliament 
 to any association of persons not trading for profit the 
 rules of which provide for payments to persons whilst 
 unemployed, whether workmen in an insured trade or 
 not, such part (in no case exceeding one-sixth) as they 
 think fit, of the aggregate amount which the association 
 has expended on such payments during the preceding 
 year or other prescribed period, exclusive of the sum (if 
 any) repaid to the association in respect of such period 
 
1 82 National Insurance Act. 
 
 in pursuance of an arrangement under the last foregoing 
 section, and exclusive, in the case of payments which 
 exceed twelve shillings a week, of so much of those 
 payments as exceeds that sum. 
 
 Trade unions will be allowed to claim the Board of Trade subsidy of one-sixth 
 of the une mployment benefit paid, if members of the trade union decide to 
 share unemployment in alternate' weeks during periods of industrial depression. 
 
 (2) No repayment shall be made under this section in 
 respect of any period before the expiration of six 
 months from the commencement of this Act. 
 
 (3) The Board of Trade may make regulations for 
 giving effect to this section, and for determining the 
 mode in which questions arising under this section shall 
 be settled. 
 
 Interpretation and application. 
 
 107. — (l) For the purposes of this Part of this 
 Act — 
 
 The expression " workman " means any person of 
 the age of sixteen or upwards employed wholly 
 or mainly by way of manual labour, who has 
 entered into or works under a contract of 
 service with an employer, whether the contract 
 is expressed or implied, is oral or in writing, 
 and in relation to a person whilst unemployed 
 means a person who, when employed, fulfilled 
 the conditions aforesaid, but does not include 
 an indentured apprentice ; 
 
 Contributions made by an employer on behalf of a 
 workman shall be deemed to be contributions 
 by the workman ; 
 
 Two periods of unemployment of not less than two 
 days each, separated by a period of not more 
 than two days, dilring which the workman has 
 
Sections 106, loj. 183 
 
 not been employed for more than twenty-four 
 hours or two periods of unemployment of not 
 less than one week each, separated by an interval 
 of not more than six weeks, shall be treated 
 as a continuous period of unemployment, and 
 the expression " continuously unemployed " 
 shall have a corresponding meaning ; 
 
 Temporary work provided by a central body or 
 
 distress committee under the Unemployed 5 Edw. 7, c. : 
 Workmen Act, 1905, or towards the provision 
 of which any such central body or distress 
 committee has contributed under that Act, 
 shall not be deemed to be employment in an 
 insured trade. 
 
 A workman shall not be deemed to be unemployed 
 whilst he is following any remunerative occu- 
 pation in an insured trade, or whilst he is 
 following any other occupation from which he 
 derives any remuneration or profit greater than 
 that which he would derive from the receipt of 
 unemployment- benefit under this Part of this 
 Act. 
 
 A workman shall not, for the purposes of contribu- 
 tions, be deemed to be employed in -any period 
 in respect of which he receives no remuneration 
 from his employer, notwithstanding that he con- 
 tinues during such period in his employment. 
 
 The expression "trade dispute" means any dispute 
 between employers and workmen, or between 
 workmen and workmen, which is connected with 
 the employment or non-employment, or the terms 
 of employment, or with the conditions of labour, 
 of any persons, whether workmen in the employ- 
 ment of the employer with whom the dispute 
 arises or not. 
 
184 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (2) In determining any question as to whether any 
 trade in which a workman is or has been employed is an 
 insured trade or not, regard shall be had to the nature 
 of the work in which the workman is engaged rather than 
 to the business of the employer by whom he is employed. 
 
 (3) This Part of this Act shall apply to workmen 
 employed by or under the Crown to whom this Act would 
 apply if the employer were a private person, except, to 
 such of those workmen as are serving in an established 
 capacity in the permanent service of the Crown, subject, 
 however, to such modifications as may be made therein 
 by Order in Council for the purpose of adapting the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act to the case of such 
 workmen. 
 
 (4) If the Board of Trade are satisfied that any class of 
 workmen are, having regard to their claim to pension or 
 to the other terms of their service, in as permanent a 
 position as that of persons serving in an established 
 capacity in the permanent service of the Crown, the Board 
 of Trade may exempt that class of persons from the 
 provisions of this Part of this Act, and any persons so 
 exempt shall not be deemed to be workmen. 
 
Sections loy, io8. 185 
 
 Part III. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 Provisions as to stamps. 
 
 108. Stamps required for the purposes of this Act shall 
 be prepared and issued in such manner as the Com- 
 missioners of Inland Revenue, with the consent of the 
 Treasury, may direct, and the said Commissioners may, 
 by regulations in accordance with the provisions of Part I. 
 of this Act relating to regulations by the Insurance Com- 
 missioners, provide for applying, with the necessary 
 adaptations, as respects such stamps, all or any of the 
 provisions (including penal provisions) of the Stamp Duties 54 & 55 vict. 
 
 c. 38. 
 
 Management Act, 1891, as amended by any subsequent 
 
 Act, and section sixty-five of the Post Office Act, 1908, 8 esw. 7,0. 48. 
 
 and may with the consent of the Postmaster-General 
 
 provide for the sale of such stamps through the Post 
 
 Office. 
 
 The Stamp Duties Management Act, 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 38), is a 
 statute of thirty sections and provides for the mode of recovering money 
 received for Duty, for the sale of stamps, for allowance for spoiled stamps, and 
 for offences relating to stamps. 
 
 The Post Office Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, c. 48), s. 65, provides :— 
 65. — (l) A person shall not — 
 
 (3) make, knowingly utter, deal in, or sell any fictitious stamp, or 
 
 knowingly use for any postal purpose any fictitious stamp ; or 
 (i) have in his possession, unless he shows a lawful excuse, any fictitious 
 
 stamp ; or 
 [c] make, or, unless he shows a lawful excuse, have in his possession, any 
 die, plate, instrument, or materials for making any fictitious stamp. 
 
 (2) If any person acts in contravention of this section, he shall be liable on 
 summary conviction on a prosecution by order of the Commissioners of Inland 
 Revenue to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds, subject ' to the like right of 
 appeal as in the case of a penalty under the Acts relating to the Excise. 
 
 (3) Any stamp, die, plate, instrument, or materials found in the possession 
 of any person in contravention of this section may be seized and shall be 
 forfeited. 
 
1 86 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (4) For the purposes of this section "fictitious stamp" means any facsimile 
 or imitation or representation, whether on paper or otherwise, of any stamp 
 for denoting any rate of postage, including any stamp for denoting a rate of 
 postage of any British possession, or of any foreign country. 
 
 Outdoor relief. 
 
 109.- In granting outdoor relief to a person in receipt of 
 or entitled to receive any benefit under this Act, a board of 
 guardians shall not take into consideration any such benefit, 
 except so far as such benefit exceeds five shillings a week. 
 
 Conversely the receipt of poor law relief does not disqualify the recipient 
 from receiving benefits. 
 
 Priority of claims for contributions due by bankrupt employers. 
 
 110. — (i) There shall be included among the debts which, 
 under section one of the Preferential Payments in Bank- 
 si & soviet, ruptcy Act, 1888, and section two hundred and nine of the 
 
 C. 62. 
 
 8 Edw. 7, u. 69. Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, are, in the distribution 
 of the property of a bankrupt and in the distribution of the 
 assets of a company being wound up, to be paid in priority 
 to all other debts, all contributions payable under this Act 
 by the bankrupt or the company in respect of employed 
 contributors or workmen in an insured trade during the 
 four months before the date of the receiving order, or as 
 the case may be, the commencement of the winding up or 
 the winding-up order, and those Acts shall have effect 
 accordingly, and formal proof of the debts to which 
 priority is given under this section shall not be required 
 except in cases where it may otherwise be provided by 
 
 46 & 47 Vict. rules made under the Bankruptcy Act, 1883, or the 
 Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908. 
 
 (2) In the case of the winding up of a company within 
 
 30& 51 Vict, the meaning of the Stannaries Act, 1887, such contributions 
 as aforesaid shall, if payable in respect of a miner, have the 
 
 , 52. 
 
 c. 43- 
 
Sections 108, log, no. 187 
 
 like priority as is conferred on wages of miners by section 
 nine of that Act, and that section shall have effect 
 accordingly. 
 
 (3) This section shall not apply where a company is 
 wound up voluntarily merely for the purposes of recon- 
 struction or of amalgamation with another company. 
 
 (4) In the application of this section to Scotland a 
 reference to section three of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) ss&sgvict. 
 Act, 187s, and the respective dates therein mentioned shall 
 
 be substituted for the reference to section one of the 
 
 Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act, 1888, and the 
 
 date of the receiving order ; and an Act of Sederunt under 
 
 the Bankruptcy Amendment (Scotland) Act, 1856, shall be ig&^oVict. 
 
 substituted for rules under the Bankruptcy Act, 1883. 
 
 (5) In the application of this section to Ireland a 
 reference to section four of the Preferential Payments in 52 & 53 vict. 
 
 ^ c. 60. 
 
 Bankruptcy (Ireland) Act, 1889, shall be substituted for 
 the reference to section one of the Preferential Payments 
 in Bankruptcy Act, 1888 ; and a reference to general orders 
 made under the first-mentioned Act shall be substituted 
 for the reference to rules made under the Bankruptcy Act, 
 1883 ; and any reference to a bankrupt shall include a 
 reference to an arranging debtor ; and the i-eference to the 
 receiving order shall be construed as a reference to 
 the order of adjudication in the case of a bankrupt, or 
 to the filing of the petition for arrangement in the case 
 of an arranging debtor. 
 
 The Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act, 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. 
 t. 62), s. I enacts that, in the distribution of the property of a bankrupt, 
 and in the distribution of the assets of any company being wound up under the 
 Companies Act, there shall be paid in priority to all other local debts — 
 
 (a) All parochial or other local rates which have become due within 
 the previous twelve months and all assessed taxes, land tax, 
 property or income tax assessed on the bankrupt or the company, 
 not exceeding in the whole one year's assessment ; 
 {b) All wages or salary of any clerk or servant in respect of services 
 rendered to the bankrupt or the company during four months before 
 
1 88 National Insurance Act. 
 
 the date of the receiving order, or the commencement of the 
 winding-up, not exceeding fifty pounds ; 
 if) All wages of any labourer or workman, not exceeding twenty-five 
 pounds, in respect of services rendered to the bankrupt or the 
 company during two months before the date of the receiving 
 order or the commencement of the winding-up, provided that, 
 where any labourer in husbandry has entered into a contract for 
 the payment of a portion of his wages in a lump sum at the 
 end of the year of hiring, he is to have priority in respect of the 
 whole of such sum or such a part thereof as the Court may 
 decide to be due under the contract. 
 
 Subsection (2) enacts that the foregoing debts are to rank equally 
 between themselves and to be paid in full, unless the property of the 
 bankrupt or the assets of the company are insufficient to meet them, in 
 which case they are to abate in equal proportions between themselves. 
 
 Subsection (4) enacts that, in the event of a landlord or other person 
 distraining on the effects of a bankrupt or a company within three months 
 before the date of the receiving order or the winding-up order aforesaid, the 
 foregoing debts are to be a first charge on the effects distrained on, or the 
 proceeds of the sale thereof, provided that, in respect of any money paid 
 under any such charge, the landlord or other person is to have the same 
 rights of priority as the person to whom such payment is made. 
 
 Subsection (6) enacts that the section is to apply in the case of a 
 deceased person who dies insolvent, as if he were a bankrupt. 
 
 The Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908 (8 Edw. 7, c. 69), ». 209 
 is as follows ; — 
 
 209. — (i) In a winding up there shall be paid in priority to all other 
 debts — 
 
 (a) all parochial or other local rates due from the company at the 
 date hereinafter mentioned, and having become due and payable 
 within twelve months next before that date, and all assessed taxes, 
 land tax, property or income tax assessed on the company up to 
 the fifth day of April next before that date, and not exceeding in 
 the whole one year's assessment ; 
 
 {b) all wages or salary of any clerk or servant in respect of services 
 rendered to the company during four months before the said date, 
 not exceeding fifty pounds; and 
 
 (c) all wages of any workman or labourer not exceeding twenty-five 
 pounds, whether payable for time or for piece-work, in respect 
 of services rendered to the company during two months before the 
 said date: Provided that where any labourer in husbandry has 
 entered into a contract for the payment of a portion of his wages 
 in a lump sum at the end of the year of hiring, he shall have 
 priority in respect of the whole of such sum, or a part thereof, 
 
Section no. 189 
 
 as the court may decide to be due under the contract, propor- 
 tionate to the time of service up to the said date ; and 
 
 (a) unless the company is being wound up voluntarily merely for the 
 
 purposes of reconstruction or of amalgamation with another com- 
 pany, all amounts (not exceeding in any individual case one 
 hundred pounds) due in respect of compensation under the Work- 
 men's Compensation Act, 1906, the liability wherefor accrued 
 before the said date, subject nevertheless to the provisions of 
 section five of that Act. 
 
 (2) The foregoing debts shall — 
 
 {a) rank equally among themselves and be paid in full, unless the 
 assets are insufficient to meet them, in which case they shall abate 
 in equal proportions ; and 
 
 [b) in the case of a company registered in England or Ireland, so far 
 
 as the assets of the company available for payment of general 
 creditors are insufficient to meet them, have priority over the 
 claims of holders of debentures under any floating charge created 
 by the company, and be paid accordingly out of any property 
 comprised in or subject to that charge. 
 
 (3) Subject to the retention of such sums as may be necessary for the 
 costs and expense's of the winding up, the foregoing debts shall be discharged 
 forthwith so far as the assets are sufficient to meet them. 
 
 (4) In the event of a landlord or other person distraining or having dis- 
 trained on any goods or effects of the company within three months next before 
 the date of a winding-up order, the debts to which priority is given by this 
 section shall be a first charge on the goods or effects so distrained on, or the 
 proceeds of the sale thereof : 
 
 Provided that in respect of any money paid under any such charge the 
 landlord or other person shall have the same rights of priority as the person to 
 whom the payment is made. 
 
 (5) The date herein-before in this section referred to is — 
 
 [a] in the case of a company ordered to be wound up compulsorily which 
 
 had not previously commenced to be wound iip voluntarily, the date 
 of the winding-up order ; and 
 
 [b) in any other case, the date of the commencement of the winding up. 
 
 A company within the meaning of the Stannaries Act, 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. 
 c. 43), means "any persons or partnership body, joint stock company, company , 
 constituted under the Companies Act, 1862, or any statutory modification 
 thereof, and whether corporate or unincorporate, and whether limited or 
 unlimited, engaged in or formed for working mines within the Stannaries " of 
 Cornwall and Devon {see s. 2 of the Stannaries Act). 
 
 Section g of the Stannaries Act is as follows : — 
 
 9, If at the commencement of the winding up of any company, whether by 
 the court or otherwise, any wages, not exceeding such an amount as under the 
 
190 National Insurance Act. 
 
 fourth section would be made a first charge, are unpaid, the same shall be paid 
 by the official liquidator or liquidator forthwith in priority to all other costs 
 except such costs of and incidental to the making, of the order for the winding 
 up as in the opinion of the court shall have been properly incurred, and, 
 subject to the tenth section of this Act, to all claims, whether by mortgagees, 
 execution creditors, or any other person whatsoever ; and, subject as aforesaid, 
 the court may by order charge the whole or any part of the assets of the 
 company, in absolute priority to all claims and to all existing mortgages or 
 charges thereon, with the payment of a sum sufficient to discharge the said 
 wages, with interest thereon at a rate not exceeding five per centum per annum, 
 and such charge may be made in favour of any person who is willing to advance 
 the requisite amount, or any part thereof, and as soon as the said sum has been 
 so advanced the said wages shall be paid without delay, so far as such advanced 
 amount extends, and in such order of payment as the court directs. 
 
 Benefits to be inalienable. 
 111. Every assignment of, or charge on, and every 
 agreement to assign or charge, any of the benefits conferred 
 by this Act shall be void, and, on the bankruptcy of any 
 person entitled to any such benefit, the benefit shall not 
 pass to any trustee or other person acting on behalf of his 
 creditors. 
 
 Powers of inspectors. 
 
 112. — (i) An inspector appointed under this Act shall, 
 for the purposes of the execution of this Act, have power 
 to do all or any of the following things, namely : — 
 
 (a) to enter at all reasonable times any premises or 
 place, other than a private dwelling-house not 
 being a workshop, where he has reasonable 
 grounds for supposing that any employed contri- 
 butors or workmen in an insured trade are 
 employed ; 
 
 {U) to make such examination and inquiry as may be 
 necessary for ascertaining whether the provisions 
 of this Act are complied with in any such premises 
 or place ; 
 
 [c) to examine, either alone or in the presence of any 
 other person, as he thinks fit, with respect to any 
 
Sections no, lii, 112. 191 
 
 matters under this Act, every person whom he 
 finds in any such premises or place, or whom he 
 has reasonable cause to beUeve to be or to have 
 been an employed contributor or workman in an 
 insured trade, and to require every such person to 
 be so examined, and to sign a declaration of the. 
 truth of the matters in respect of which he is so 
 examined ; 
 
 {d) to exercise such other powers as may be 
 necessary for carrying this Act into effect. 
 
 (2) The occupier of any such premises or place and 
 any other person employing any employed contributor or 
 workman in an insured trade, and the servants and 
 agents of any such occupier or other person, and any 
 employed contributor or workman in an insured trade 
 shall furnish to any inspector all such information and 
 shall produce for inspection all such registers, books, 
 cards, and other documents as the inspector may 
 reasonably require. 
 
 (3) If any person wilfully delays or obstructs an 
 inspector in the exercise of any power under this 
 section or fails to give such information or to 
 produce such documents as aforesaid, or conceals or 
 prevents or attempts to conceal or prevent any person 
 from appearing before or being examined by an 
 inspector, he shall be liable on summary conviction to 
 a fine not exeeding five pounds : 
 
 Provided that no one shall be required under this 
 section to answer any question or give any evidence 
 tending to incriminate himself. 
 
 (4) Where any such premises or place are liable to be 
 inspected by inspectors or other officers, or are under the 
 control, of some other Government department, the 
 Insurance Commissioners or Board of Trade may make 
 
192 National Insurance Act. 
 
 arrangements with that other Government department 
 for any of the powers and duties of inspectors under 
 this section being carried out by inspectors or other 
 officers of such other Government department, and where 
 such an arrangement is made, such inspectors and officers 
 •shall have all the powers of an inspector under this 
 section. 
 
 (5) Every inspector shall be furnished with the pre- 
 scribed certificate of his appointment, and on applying 
 for admission to any premises for the purposes of this Act 
 shall, if so required, produce the said certificate to the 
 occupier. 
 
 Procedure for making special orders. 
 
 lEdw. 7, u. 22. 113. — (i) Sections eighty and eighty-one of the Factory 
 and Workshop Act, 1901, relating to the making of 
 regulations under that Act, as set out and adapted in the 
 Ninth Schedule to this Act, shall apply to special orders 
 made under this Act. 
 
 (2) Before a special order (other than a special order 
 excluding any occupation from the occupations which are 
 to be deemed employment in an insured trade) comes into 
 force, it shall be laid before each House of Parliament for a 
 period of not less than thirty days during which the House 
 is sitting, and, if either of those Houses before the expira- 
 tion of those thirty days presents an Address to His 
 Majesty against the order or any part thereof, no further 
 proceedings shall be taken thereon, without prejudice to 
 the making of any new order. 
 
 Provisions as to birth certificate, 
 
 114. Where, for the purposes of this Act, the age of any 
 person is required to be proved by the production of a 
 certificate of birth, any person shall, on presenting a 
 written requisition in such form and containing such 
 
Sections 112, iij, 11^, 11^. 193 
 
 particulars as may be from time to time prescribed by the 
 Local Government Board for England, Scotland, or 
 Ireland, as the case may be, and on payment of a fee of 
 sixpence, be entitled to obtain a certified copy of the entry 
 of the birth of that person in the births register, under 
 the hand of the registrar or superintendent registrar having 
 the custody thereof, and forms for such requisition shall on 
 request be supplied without any charge by every registrar 
 of births and deaths and by every superintendent registrar. 
 
 Short title and commencement. 
 
 115. This Act may be cited as the National Insurance 
 Act, 191 1, and shall, save as otherwise expressly provided 
 by this Act, come into operation on the fifteenth day of 
 July nineteen hundred and twelve : 
 
 Provided that His Majesty in Council may, should 
 necessity arise, substitute some subsequent date or dates 
 not being later than the first day of January nineteen 
 hundred and thirteen as respects the provisions of this 
 Act relating to health insurance, and not being later 
 than the first day of October nineteen hundred and 
 twelve as respects the provisions of this Act relating to 
 unemployment insurance. 
 
 H 
 
194 National Insurance Act. 
 
 SCHEDULES. 
 
 sections I and FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 ol. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Emplovments within the Meaning of Part I. of this Act 
 Relating to Health Insurance. 
 
 (a) Employment in the United Kingdom under any contract of 
 service or apprenticeship, written or oral, whether expressed or 
 implied, and whether the employed person is paid by the employer or 
 some other person, and whether under one or more employers, and 
 whether paid by time or by the piece or partly by time and partly by 
 the piece, or otherwise, or, except in the case of a contract of 
 apprenticeship, without any money payment. 
 
 {b) Employment under such a contract as aforesaid as master or 
 a member of the crew of any ship registei'ed in the United Kingdom 
 or of any other British ship or vessel of which the owner, or, if there 
 is more than one owner, the managing owner or manager, resides or 
 has his principal place of business in the United Kingdom. 
 
 (c) Employment as an outworker (that is to say, a person to whom 
 articles or materials are given out to be made up, cleaned, washed, 
 altered, ornamented, finished, or repaired, or adapted for sale in his 
 own home or on other premises not under the control or management 
 of the person who gave out the articles or materials for the purposes 
 of the trade or business of the last-mentioned person), unless excluded 
 by a special order made by the Insurance Commissioners, and any 
 such order may exclude outworkers engaged in work of any class, or 
 outworkers of any class or description specified in the order, or may 
 defer the commencement of this Act as respects all outworkers, and 
 the person who gave out the articles or materials shall, in relation 
 to the person to whom he gave them out, be deemed to be the 
 employer. 
 
 {d) Employment in the United Kingdom in plying for hire with any 
 vehicle or vessel the use of which is obtained from the owner thereof 
 under any contract of bailment (or in Scotland any contract of letting 
 to hire) in consideration of the payment of a fixed sum or a share in 
 the earnings or otherwise,' in which case the owner shall, for the 
 purposes of Part I. of this Act, be deemed to be the employer. 
 
 Demonstrators and assistant lecturers in Universities and colleges, who, in 
 consideration of the educational advantages which they secure by acting as 
 
Schedules. 195 
 
 SBsistanls to distinguished professors, are content to accept less than £\fx> per 
 annum, are compelled 10 insure and the Universilies and colleges must 
 Contribute as employers. 
 
 Governesses who earn less than ^^160 per annum must insure. 
 
 A fisherman, who is paid not in weekly wages but by a share in the results, 
 will, if there is a contract of service, be an employed contributor. 
 
 Curates are not covered by the Act. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 (a) Employment in the naval or military service of the Crown, 
 including service in Officers' Training Corps, except as otherwise 
 provided in Part I. of this Act. 
 
 (fi) Employment under the Crown or any local or other public 
 authority where the Insurance Commissioners certify that the terms 
 of the employment are such as to secure provision in respect of 
 sickness and disablement on the whole not less favourable than the 
 corresponding benefits conferred by Pa;rt I. of this Act. 
 
 (c) Employment as a clerk or other salaried official in the service 
 of a railway or other statutory company, or of a joint committee of 
 two or more such companies, where the Insurance Commissioners 
 certify that the terms of employment, including his rights in such 
 superannuation fund as is herein-after mentioned, are such as to 
 secure provision in respect of sickness and disablement, on the whole, 
 not less favourable than the corresponding benefits conferred by 
 Part I. of this Act, and the person so employed is entitled to rights in 
 a superannuation fund established by Act of Parliament for the 
 benefit of persons in such employment, or in Ireland is entitled to 
 rights in any such superannuation fund or in any railway superannua- 
 tion fund which may be approvedlby the Insurance Commissioners. 
 
 {d) Employment as a teacher to whom the Elementary School 
 Teachers Superannuation Act, 1898, or a scheme under section 
 fourteen of the Education (Scotland) Act, 1908, or the National School 
 Teachers (Ireland) Act, 1879, applies, or, in the event of any similar 
 enactment being hereafter passed as respects teachers or any class 
 of teachers (other than teachers in public elementary schools), as a 
 teacher to whom such enactment applies. 
 
 (e) Employment as an agent paid by commission or fees or a share 
 in the profits, or partly in one and partly in another such ways, where 
 the person so employed is mainly dependent for his livelihood on his 
 
196 National Insurance Act. 
 
 earnings from some other occupation, or where he is ordinarily 
 employed as such agent by more than one employer, and his employ- 
 ment under no one of such employers is that on which he is mainly 
 dependent for his livelihood. 
 
 (/) Employment in respect of which no wages or other money 
 payment is made where the employer is the occupier of an agricultural 
 holding and the employed person is employed thereon, or where the 
 person employed is the child of, or is maintained by, the employer. 
 
 (g) Employment otherwise than by way of manual labour and at a 
 rate of remuneration exceeding in value one hundred and sixty pounds 
 a year, or in cases where such employment involves part-time 
 service only, at a rate of remuneration which, in the opinion of the 
 Insurance Commissioners, is equivalent to a rate of remuneration 
 exceeding one hundred and sixty pounds a year for whole-time 
 service. 
 
 The expression " manual labour " is used in the Employers and Workmen 
 Act, 1875, and in the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1906, S. 13, and 
 presumably has the same meaning here as in those Acts. 
 
 Where the employe is paid partly by a regular salary which is less than 
 ;^l6o and partly by commission or by a share in the profits of the employer's 
 business, and the employes total remuneration exceeds £\(>o, the employe is 
 not within the Act. 
 
 (K) Employment of a casual nature otherwise than for the purposes 
 of the employer's trade or business, and otherwise than for the 
 purposes of any game or recreation where the persons employed are 
 engaged or paid through a club, and in such case the club shall 
 be deemed to be the employer. 
 
 A charwoman employed regularly once a month will have to be insured. 
 The contributions in respect of her will be paid by the first employer in the week 
 or by such other person as the Insurance Commissioners may by regulations 
 determine. 
 
 * 
 (i) Employment of any class which may be specified in a special 
 
 order as being of such a nature that it is ordinarily adopted as 
 
 subsidiary employment only and not as the principal means of 
 
 livelihood. 
 
 This subsection would cover an organist, for example, employed to the 
 extent of £20 or ;^3o a jear, who was for the rest of his time a music teacher. 
 
 (y) Employment as an outworker where the person so employed is 
 the wife of an insured person and is not wholly or mainly dependent 
 for her livelihood on her earnings in such employment. 
 
Schedules. igy 
 
 (/■) Employment as a member of the crew of a fishing vessel where 
 the members of such crew are remunerated by shares in the profits or 
 the gross earnings of the working of such vessel in accordance with 
 any custom or practice prevailing at any port if a special order is made 
 for the purpose by the I nsurance Commissioners, and the particular 
 custom or practice prevailing at the port is one to which the order 
 applies. 
 
 (f) Employment in the service of the husband or wife of the 
 employed person. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE. SecUons + and 
 
 St. 
 
 Rates of Contribution under P.\rt I. of this Act 
 
 RELATING TO HEALTH INSURANCE. 
 
 Part I. 
 Etnployed Rate. 
 In the case of men yrf. a week. 
 
 „ „ women i>d. „ 
 
 Contributions by Employers and Employed Contributors. 
 To be paid by the employer j,d. a week. 
 
 „ „ contributor \ \.J^'' ^ ' " 
 
 I Women, id. „ 
 
 In the case of employed contributors of either sex of the age of 
 21 or upwards whose remuneration does not include the provision 
 of boai-d and lodging by their employer, and the rate of whose 
 remuneration does not exceed 2s. 6d. a working day, the following 
 shall be the rates of contribution : — 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration does not exceed is 6d. a 
 
 working day — 
 
 A week. 
 
 ™ , •■ , ^, , f For men, 6d. 
 
 1 o be paid by the employer ; ' 
 
 [ „ women, id. 
 
 „ out of moneys provided by Parliament id. 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration exceeds is. 6d. but does not 
 exceed 2s. a working day — 
 
 A week. 
 
 To be paid by the employer \ > 5 • 
 
 ( „ women, 4d. 
 
 „ „ contributor id. 
 
 „ out of moneys provided by Parliament id. 
 
1 98 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration exceeds is. but does not exceed 
 IS. bd. a working day — 
 
 To be paid by the employer \ ' ' 
 
 \ „ women, 3rt. 
 
 „ „ contributor 313'. 
 
 To ascertain the contribution payable by the employer, the actual daily 
 wage is to be taken and not the average of wages throughout the year. 
 
 Part II. 
 Employed Rate in Ireland. 
 
 In the case of men 5^^. a week. 
 
 „ „ women i,\d. „ 
 
 Contributions by Employers and Employed Contributors. 
 To be paid by the employer i\d. a week. 
 
 „ contributor { ^en, 3 J „ 
 
 \ Women, id. „ 
 
 In the case of employed contributors of either sex of the age of 
 21 or upwards whose remuneration does not include the provision 
 of board and lodging by their employer, and the rate of whose 
 remuneration does- not exceed is. 6d. a working day, the following 
 shall be the rates of contribution : — 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration does not exceed is. 6d. a 
 working day — 
 
 A week. 
 
 To be paid by the employer / ^°'' ™^"' ^Y' 
 
 \ „ women, 2)^d. 
 
 „ out of moneys provided by Parliament id. 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration exceeds is. 6d. but does not 
 exceed is. a working day — 
 
 A week. 
 
 To be paid by the employer { ; 4 • 
 
 ( „ women, ^d. 
 
 „ „ contributor \d. 
 
 ,, out of moneys provided by Parliament id. 
 
 Where the rate of remuneration exceeds is. but does not exceed 
 
 is. i)d. a working day — 
 
 To be paid by the employer [ ^°^ '"^"' ^K 
 
 ( „ women, i\d. 
 
 „ „ contributor id. 
 
Sc/iedu/es. 1 99 
 
 THIRD SCHEDULE. section 4. 
 
 Rur.Ks AS TO Payment and Recovery of Contributions paid 
 HY Employers on behalf of Employed Contributors 
 UNDER Part I. of this Act relating to Health Insurance, 
 
 (i) A \\eekly contribution shall be payable for each calendar 
 week during the whole or any part of which an employed contributor 
 has been employed by an employer : Provided that, where one 
 weekly contribution has been paid in respect of an employed 
 contributor in any such week no further contribution shall be 
 payable in respect of him in the same week, and that, where no 
 remuneration has been received and no services rendered by an 
 employed contributor during any such week, or where no services 
 have been rendered by an employed contributor during any such 
 week and the employed contributor has been in receipt of sickness 
 or disablement benefit during the whole or any part of that week, 
 the employer shall not be liable to pay any contribution either on 
 his own behalf or on behalf of the contributor in respect of that 
 week. 
 
 (2) The employer shall, except as herein-after provided, be 
 entitled to recover from the employed contributor the amount of 
 any contributions paid by him on behalf of the employed contributor. 
 
 (3) Except where the employed contributor does not receive any 
 wages or other pecuniary remuneration from the employer, the 
 amounts so recoverable shall, notwithstanding the provisions of any 
 Act or any contract to the contrary, be recoverable by means of 
 deductions from the wages or other remuneration, and not other- 
 wise ; but no such deductions may be made from any wages or 
 remuneration other than such as are paid in respect of the period 
 or part of the period in which the contribution is payable, or in 
 excess of the sum which represents the amount of the contributions 
 for the period (if such period is longer than a week) in respect of 
 which the wages or other remuneration are paid. 
 
 (4) Where a contribution pajd by the employer on behalf of an 
 employed contributor is recoverable from the contributor but is not 
 recoverable by means of deductions as aforesaid, it shall (without 
 prejudice to any other means of recovery) be recoverable summarily 
 as a civil debt, but no such contribution shall be recoverable unless 
 proceedings for the purpose are instituted within three months from 
 the date when the contribution was payable. 
 
200 National Insurance Act. 
 
 (5) Where the contributor is employed by more than one em- 
 ployer in any calendar week, the first person employing .him in 
 that week or such other employer or employers as may be pre- 
 scribed shall be deemed to be the employer for the purposes of 
 the provisions of Part I. of this Act relating to the payment of 
 contributions and of this Schedule. 
 
 (6) Regulations of the Insurance Commissioners may provide 
 that in any cases or any classes of cases where employed con- 
 tributors work under the general control and management of some 
 person other than their immediate employer, such as the owner 
 agent, or manager of a mine or quarry, or the occupier of a factory 
 or workshop, such person shall, for the purposes of the provisions 
 of Part I. of this Act relating to the payment of contributions and 
 of this Schedule, be treated as the employer, and may provide for 
 allowing him to deduct the amount of any contributions (other 
 than employers' contributions) which he may become liable to pay 
 from any sums payable by him to the immediate employer, and 
 for enabling the immediate employer to recover from the employed 
 contributors the like sums and in the like manner as if he were 
 liable to pay the contributions, 
 
 (7) Where the contributor is not paid wages or other money 
 payments by h,is employer or any other person, the employer shall 
 be liable to pay the contributions payable both b)- himself and the 
 contributor, and shall not be entitled to recover any part thereof 
 from the contributor. 
 
 (8) Notwithstanding any contract to the contrary, the employer 
 shall not be entitled to deduct from the wages of or otherwise to 
 recover from the contributor the employers' contribution. 
 
 (9) Any sum deducted by any employer from wages or other 
 remuneration under this Schedule shall be deemed to have been 
 entrusted to him for the purpose of paying the contribution in 
 respect of which it was deducted. 
 
 (10) The Insurance Commissioners may, by regulations, provide 
 that in the case of outworkers the contributions to be paid may be 
 determined by reference to the work actually done, instead of by 
 reference to the weeks in which woxV is done, and any such regu- 
 lations may apply to all trades or to any specified classes or 
 branches of trades, and may determine the conditions to be com- 
 plied with by employers who adopt such a system of payment of 
 contributions. 
 
 (11) For the purposes of this 'Schedule the expression ''calendar 
 week" means the period from midnight on one Sunday to midnight 
 on the following Sunday. '^ 
 
Schedules. 20 1 
 
 FOURTH SCHEDULE. Sections 8 9. 37, 
 
 44, and 81. 
 
 Benefits under Part I. of this Act relating to 
 Health Insurance. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Rates of Benefits. 
 
 Table A. — Ordinary Rates. 
 
 Sickness benefit : for men the sum of \os. a week throughout the 
 
 whole period of twenty-six weeks ; for women the sum of "js. bd. a 
 
 week throughout the whole period of twenty-six weeks. 
 
 Disablement benefit : the sum of 5^. a week for men and women 
 alike. 
 
 Table B. — Reduced Rates in the case of Unmarried Minors. 
 
 Sickness Benefit : for males, the sum of 6.f. a week during the 
 first thirteen weeks and the sum of 5J. a 
 week during the second thirteen weeks, 
 for females, the sum of ^s. a week for the first 
 thirteen weeks and the sum of 4^. a week 
 for the second thirteen weeks. 
 
 Disablement Benefit": for females, the sum of 4^'. a week. 
 
 Table C. — Reduced Rates for Persons over Fifty in certain cases. 
 
 Where the insured person is over 50 and under 60 at the time 
 of becoming an employed contributor — 
 
 For men, the sum of yj. a week throughout the whole period of 
 
 twenty-six weeks. 
 For women, the sum of 6j. a week throughout the whole period 
 
 of twenty-six weeks. 
 Where the insured person is over 60 at the time of becoming 
 an employed cpntributor — 
 
 For both men and women the sum of 6j. a week for the first 
 
 thirteen weeks, and 5^. a week during the second thirteen weeks. 
 
 This leduclion applies to sickness benefit only. See s. 9 (3). Disable- 
 ment benefit will still be payable at the full rate. 
 
 Table D. — Rates and Conditions for Married Women. 
 
 Sickness benefit : during the first thirteen weeks, the sum of 5.f. a 
 week ; during the second thirteen weeks, y. a week. 
 
 Disablement benefit : the sum of y. a week. 
 
 Sickness and disablement benefit shall not be payable during the 
 two weeks before and four weeks after confinement, except in respect 
 of a disease or disablement neither directly or indirectly connected 
 with childbirth. 
 
202 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Additional Benefits. 
 
 (i) Medical treatment and attendance for any persons dependent 
 upon the labour of a member. 
 
 (2) The payment of the whole or any part of the cost of dental 
 treatment. 
 
 (3) An increase of sickness benefit or disablement benefit in the 
 case either of all members of the society or of such of them as have 
 any children or any specified number of children wholly or in part 
 dependent upon them. 
 
 (4) Payment of sickness benefit from the first, second, or third day 
 after the commencement of the disease or disablement. 
 
 (5) The payment of a disablement allowance to members though 
 not totally incapable of work. 
 
 (6) An increase of maternity benefit. 
 
 (7) Allowances to a member during convalescence from some disease 
 or disablement in respect of which sickness benefit or disablement 
 benefit has been payable. 
 
 (8) The building or leasing of premises suitable for convalescent 
 homes and the maintenance of such homes. 
 
 (g) The payment of pensions or superannuation allowances whether 
 by way of addition to old age pensions under the Old Age Pensions 
 Act, 1908, or otherwise. 
 
 (10) The payment, subject to the prescribed conditions, of contri- 
 butions to superannuation funds in which the members are interested. 
 
 (11) Payments to members who are in want or distress including 
 the remission of arrears whenever such arrears may have become due. 
 
 (12) Payments for the personal use of a member who, by reason of 
 being an inmate of a hospital or other institution, is not in receipt of 
 sickness benefit or disablement benefit. 
 
 (13) Payments to members not allowed to attend work on account 
 of infection. 
 
 (14) Repayment of the whole or any part of contributions thereafter 
 payable under Part I. of this Act by members of the .society or any 
 class thereof. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Benefits for Married Women who do not become Voluntary 
 Contributors .at reduced rates. 
 
 Payment of the sum of V- "i week on confinement during a period 
 not exceeding four weeks on any one occasion. 
 
 Payments during any period of sickness or distress, subject to 
 regulations made by the Insurance Commissioners and to the discretion 
 of the society or committee administering the benefit. 
 
Schedules. 
 FIFTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 203 
 
 Secti< 
 
 Reduction or Postponement of Sickness Benefit and 
 WHERE Contributions are in Arrear. 
 
 Table. 
 
 (■) 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 2I 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rates of Sickness Benefit. 
 
 Where the Arrears 
 
 amount to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women. 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 J. 
 
 d. 
 
 4 contributions a year 
 
 on 
 
 average - 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Q 
 
 6 
 
 
 „ 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 „ ,1 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 11 „ » 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 • S 
 
 6 
 
 12 „ „ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 
 „ 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sj. od., 
 
 ;omniencir 
 
 g 5th day 
 
 after com - 
 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 
 mencement of illness. 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 
 6th „ 
 
 
 
 
 c . 
 
 
 
 
 7th „ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8th „ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9th „ 
 
 
 
 
 ¥ 
 
 
 
 
 loth „ 
 nth „ 
 
 
 
 
 ki 
 
 
 
 
 12th „ 
 
 
 
 
 fS 
 
 
 
 
 13th „ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14th „ 
 
 
 Notes. 
 
 Where the insured person is, by virtue of any of the provisions of 
 Part I. of this Act, other than those relating to arrears, entitled to 
 sickness benefit at a rate lower than the full rate, this Table shall have 
 eflfect as if the entries in the first column were so shifted down that the 
 first entry therein was set opposite the entry in the second column 
 next below the entry specifying the rate of sickness benefit to which 
 the insured person is entitled. 
 
 When the rate of sickness benefit during the first thirteen weeks to 
 which the insured person is entitled is, by virtue of any of the pro- 
 visions of this Act, other than those relating to arrears, less than Jf. a 
 week, this Table shall have effect as if such lower rate were therein 
 substituted for the rate of 5J, a week. 
 
 See section 10. This Schedule applies to employed contributors only, and 
 not to voluntary contributors. 
 
204 
 
 National Insurance Act. 
 
 Section 84. 
 
 SIXTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 List of Insured Trades for the purposes of Part IL of 
 THIS Act relating to Unemployment Insurance. 
 
 (i) Building ; that is to say, the construction, alteration, repair, 
 de coration, or demolition of buildings, including the manufacture of 
 any fittings of wood of a kind commonly made in builders' workshops 
 or yards. 
 
 (2) C onstruction of works ; that is to say, the construction, recon- 
 struction, or alteration of railroads, docks, harbours, canals, embank- 
 ments, bridges, piers or other works of construction. 
 
 (3) Shipbuilding ; that is to say, the construction, alteration, repair 
 or decoration of ships, boats or other craft by persons not being usually 
 members of a ship's crew, including the manufacture of any fittings of 
 wood of a kind commonly made in a shipbuilding yard. 
 
 (4) Mechanical engineering", including the manufacture of ordnance 
 and firearms. 
 
 (5) Ironfounding, whether included under the foregoing headings or 
 not. 
 
 (6) Construction of vehicles ; that is to say, the construction, repair, 
 or decoration of vehicles. 
 
 (7) Sawmilling (including machine woodwork) carried on in connec- 
 tion with any other insured trade or of a kind commonly so carried on. 
 
 Drainage work comes within the term " building," and so does the putting 
 on of a corrugated iron roof, but the manufacture of the iron comes under (5). 
 Brick-making does not come in under(l), but the masons employed on the 
 mouldings are included under " building." Brass-founding is included in this 
 section, but not wire-rope making. 
 
 Section 84. 
 
 SEVENTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 Rates and Periods of Unemployment Benefit. 
 
 In respect of each week following the first week of any period of 
 unemployment, seven shillings, or such other rates as may be pre- 
 scribed either generally or for any particular trade or any branch 
 thereof : 
 
 Provided that, in the case of a workman under the age of eighteen, 
 no unemployment benefit shall be paid while the workman is below 
 the age of seventeen, and while the workman is of the age of seventeen 
 
Schedules. 205 
 
 or upwards but below the age of eighteen, unemployment benefit shall 
 only be paid at half the rate at which it would be payable if the 
 workman was above the age of eighteen. 
 
 No workman shall receive unemployment benefit for more than 
 fifteen or such other number of weeks as may be prescribed either 
 generally or for any particular trade or branch thereof within any 
 period of twelve months, or in respect of any period less than one day. 
 
 No workman shall receive more unemployment benefit than in the 
 proportion of one week's benefit for every five contributions paid by 
 him under this Act : 
 
 Provided that for the purpose of the foregoing paragraph — 
 (<z) in the case of a workman who satisfies the Board of Trade 
 that he is over the age of twenty-one and has habitually 
 worked at an insured trade before the commencement of this 
 Act, there shall be deemed to be added to the number of 
 contributions which he has actually paid five contributions 
 for each period of three months or part of such period during 
 which he has so worked before the commencement of this 
 Act, up to a maximum of twenty-five contributions ; and 
 (b) where, owing to the fact that the wages or other remuneration 
 of a workman are paid at intervals greater than a week, or for 
 any other like reason contributions are paid under Part II. of 
 this Act in respect of any workman at intervals greater than a 
 week, that workman shall be entitled to treat each of such 
 contributions as so many contributions as there are weeks in 
 the period for which the contribution has been paid. 
 
 Anytime during which a workman is under Part II. of this Act, 
 disqualified for receiving unemployment benefit shall be excluded in 
 the computation of periods of unemployment under this Schedule. 
 
 A period of unemployment shall not be deemed to commence till 
 the workman has made application for unemployment benefit in such 
 manner as may be prescribed. 
 
 The power conferred by this Schedule on the Board of Trade to 
 prescribe rates and periods of unemployment benefit shall not be 
 exercised so as to increase the rate of benefit above eight shillings per 
 week or reduce it below six shillings per week, or to increase the 
 period of unemployment benefit above fifteen weeks, or to alter the 
 proportion which the period of benefit bears to the number of con- 
 tributions paid, except by rules confirmed by an order made in 
 accordance with the provisions of this Act relating to special orders. 
 
 If a schoolmaster leaves one school at the end of a summer term and join^ 
 another at the ■ beginning of the next term, he is like any other unemployed 
 
2o6 National Insurance Act. 
 
 person, and has his annual allowance of unemployed weeks, when necessity 
 arises. Over and above that, his weeks of unemployment count as 
 arrears. He does not have to make up the employer's or the State's 
 contribution. 
 
 If works are closed down for periods of a week or more at holiday or other 
 times, workmen who are thus unemployed would be entitled to draw unem- 
 ployment benefit, provided that the other conditions entitling them to benefit 
 are fulfilled in their case. Benefit is, of course, not payable during the first 
 week of a period of unemployment. Neither workpeople nor employers 
 would be liable to pay contributions in respect of such periods as those 
 referred to. 
 
 Sections 85, 102, EIGHTH SCHEDULE. 
 
 and 103. 
 
 Contributions for the purposes of Part II. of this Act 
 
 relating to unemployment insurance. 
 
 Rates o'f Contribution from Workmen and Employers. 
 
 From every workman employed in an insured trade for 
 
 every' week he is so employed i\d. 
 
 From every employer by whom one or more workmen are 
 employed in an insured trade, in respect of each 
 workman, for every week he is so employed i\d. 
 
 Provided that, in the case of a workman below the age of eighteen 
 \d. shall be substituted for i\d. as the contribution from the workman 
 and from the employer, but for the purpose of reckoning the 
 number of contributions in respect of such a workman except as 
 regards the payment of unemployment benefit before he reaches 
 the age of eighteen, the \d. shall be treated as two-fifths of a 
 contribution. 
 
 Every such period of employment of less than a week shall, for the 
 purposes of this Schedule, be treated as if it werfe employment for a 
 whole week, except that, where the period of employment is two days 
 or less, the contributions both of the employer and of the workman 
 shall be reduced to one penny if the period does not exceed one day 
 and to twopence if it exceeds one day ; and in such case, in reckoning 
 the number of contributions under Part II. of this Act and the 
 Schedules therein referred to, contributions at such reduced rates 
 shall be treated as two-fifths or four-fifths of a contribution as the case 
 ■ may require. 
 
Schedules. 207 
 
 NINTH SCHEDULE. Section 114. 
 
 Provisions of the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, 
 APPLIED TO Special Orders made under this Act. 
 
 81. — (i) Before the authority empowered to make special orders 
 make any special order under this Act, they shall publish, in such 
 manner as they may think best adapted for informing persons 
 affected, notice of the proposal to make the order, and of the place 
 where copies of the draft order may be obtained, and of the time 
 (which shall be not less than twenty-one days) within which any 
 objection made with respect to the draft order by or on behalf of 
 persons affected must be sent to the authority. 
 
 (2) Every objection must be in writing and state — 
 
 {a) the draft order or portions of draft order objected to ; 
 
 (fi) the specific grounds of objection ; and 
 
 {c) the omissions, additions, or modifications asked for. 
 
 (3) The authority shall consider any objection made by or on 
 behalf of any persons appearing to them to be affected which 
 is sent to them within the required time, and they may, if they 
 think fit, amend the draft order, and shall then cause the iimended 
 draft to be dealt with in like manner as an original draft. 
 
 (4) Where the authority does not amend or withdraw any draft 
 order to which any objection has been made, then (unless the 
 objection either is withdrawn or appears to them to be frivolous) 
 they shall, before making the order, direct an inquiry to be held in 
 the manner hereinafter provided. 
 
 81. — (i) The authority may appoint a competent and impartial 
 person to hold an inquiry with regard to any draft order, and to 
 report to them thereon. 
 
 (2) The inquiry shall be held in public, and any objector and any 
 other person who, in the opinion of the person holding the inquiry, 
 is aflFected by the draft order, may appear at the inquiry either in 
 person or by counsel, solicitor, or agent. 
 
 (3) The witnesses on the inquiry may, if the person holding- it 
 thinks fit, be examined on oath. 
 
 (4) Subject as aforesaid, the inquiry and all proceedings pre- 
 liminary and incidental thereto shall be conducted in accordance 
 with rules made by the authority. 
 
 (5) The fee to be paid to the person holding the inquiry shall be 
 such as the authority may direct and shall be deemed to be part 
 of the expenses of the authority in carrying this Act into effect. 
 
 (6) For the purposes of this schedule the expression "authority" 
 means the Insurance Commissioners or the Board of Trade, as the 
 case may be. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Accounts of Approved Societies, 55, 56. 
 
 Additional Benefits, 16, 28, 30, 57-59. 
 List of, 202.. 
 
 Advances by Treasury in Unemployment Insurance, 168, 169. 
 
 Advisory Committees, 108. 
 
 Age, Provisions as to Men over Sixty-five Years of, 96. 
 Penalty for False Statements as to, 103. 
 
 Agricultural Holdings, Workers on, 196. 
 
 Aliens, 75, 76. 
 
 Apothecaries Act, 1885, 37. 
 
 Appeals to Insurance Commissioners, 123, 124. 
 
 Approved Societies, 43-52, 131-133, 135. 
 Accounts and Valuations, 55-57, 66. 
 Administration of Benefits, 29, 40-42. 
 Application of Existing Funds, 128-130. 
 Deficiencies and Compulsory Levy, 59, 63. 
 Disposal of Surpluses, 57-59, 64. 
 Disputes with Branches, 123, 124. 
 Excessive Sickness and Inquiries, 115-119. 
 Investment of Funds, 104, 105. 
 Membership and Transfers, 52, 55, 135. 
 Mens' and Womens' Funds, 67. 
 Places of Meeting, 50. 
 Power to Subscribe to Hospitals, 42. 
 
 Vary Benefits, 28. 
 Secessions, 50, 51. 
 Security to be given by, 48, 49. 
 Small Societies and Pooling, 63-66. 
 Societies for Counties in Scotland, 140, 141. 
 
 Ireland, 147, 148. 
 Surplus, 57-59. 
 Withdrawal of Approval, 51, 52. 
 
 Arbitration Act, 1889, 124, 163. 
 
2IO INDEX. 
 
 Army Reserve, 84, 173, 195. 
 
 Arrears of Contributions, 20-22, 5i, 71, 73, 75, 203. 
 
 Associations, 
 
 Arrangements with, when Making Payments to Unemployed Members, 
 
 180, l8t. 
 Repayments to, i8l, 182. 
 
 Bankruptcy, igo. 
 
 Bastardy Laws Amendment Act, 1872. 41. 
 
 Benefits, Administration of, 29. , 
 Classes of, 14, 157. 
 Inalienable, 190. 
 Power to Vary, 28. 
 Rates of, 201. 
 
 Recovery of Improperly Paid, 127, 128. 
 Reduced Rates of, 18, 20, 60, 63, 75, 76, 78, 82, 201, 202. 
 Unemployment, 157. 
 
 Birth Certificates, 192. 
 
 Board and Lodging, 197, 198. 
 
 Board of Trade, Power to Extend to Other Trades, 178. 
 Power to Exclude Subsidiary 'Trades, 179. 
 Provisions for Special Orders by, 207. 
 
 Boroughs, 42, 43, 109-113, 120, 138, 142, 149. 
 
 Charitable Institutes, Working Inmates of, 97, 98. 
 
 Chemists, see Drugs. 
 
 Claims, Determination of, in Unemployment Insurance, 161-163. 
 
 Colonial Societies, Transfer to, 53, 54. 
 
 Commen'cement of Act, 193. 
 
 Commission Agents Excepted, 195. 
 
 Companies, Winding-up of, 186. 
 
 Compulsory Levy, 60, 63. 
 
 Contributions, 9-12, 14, 86-88, 90-95, 145, 146, 150-152, 157-159, 
 199, 200. 
 Rates for Health Insurance, 197, 198. 
 
 IJnemployment Insurance, 206. 
 
INDEX. 211 
 
 Convalescent Homes, Building and Maintenance of, 202. 
 
 County Court Judge, 25. 
 Registrar, 25, 
 
 County Councils, 42, 43, 109-114, 120, 138-142, 147-152. 
 
 Crown, Persons in Service of, 99, 100, 173, 184, 195. 
 
 Death, Benefits payable on, 68. 
 
 Deferred Annuity Fund, 99. 
 
 Dental Treatment, 202. 
 
 Dependants and Benefits, 27, 39, 40, 134, 135, 202. 
 
 Deposit Contributors, 67-70, 73, 80, 81, 86, 91, 96, 97, 149, 150. 
 
 Disablement Benefit, 15-18, 28-31, 67, 75, 76, 89, 92, 134, 202. 
 
 Disputes between Approved Societies and Branches, 123, 124. 
 
 Distress, not to be Levied in Certain Cases, 124-126. 
 
 Double Insurance, Prohibition of, 55. 
 
 Drugs, Supply of, 14, 34-37. 
 
 Elementary School Teachers (Superannuation) Act, 1898, 99, 143, 
 
 I9S- 
 Emigrants, Continuation of Benefits to, 54. 
 Employed Contributors, 8, 10, 11, 13, 122, 134, 135, 197, 198; 203. 
 
 Employers, Contributions of, 10, 11, 13, 61, 65, 74, 86, 90-92, 95, 
 126, 146, 150, 152, 157-159. 
 Rates for Health Insurance, 197, 198. 
 
 Unemployment Insurance, 206. 
 Reduction where Full Wages are Paid during Sickness, 84-89, 100, 152. 
 Superannuation and Provident Funds, 47, 65, 130, 131. 
 Fajlure to Pay Contributions, 126, 127. 
 Cases of Bankruptcy, 186, 187. 
 Rule for Payment and Recovery of Contributions Paid on Behalf of 
 
 Employed Contributors, 10. 
 Refund of Unemployment Contributions in Case of Workmen Continuously 
 Employed, 170. 
 
 Employers' Liability Act, 1880, 24, n8. 
 
 E.xcessive Sickness, 115-119. 
 
 E^xemption Certificates, 9, 97, 98. 
 
212 INDEX. 
 
 Factory and Workshop Act, igoi, 192, 207, 
 Fishermen who Share Profits Excepted, 197. 
 Foreign Societies, Transfers to, 53, 54. 
 Friendly Societies Act, 1896, 46, 69, 107, 131. 
 
 Hospitals, Donations to, 42. 
 
 Contributors who are Inmates of, 27, 202. 
 
 Housing of the Working Classes Acts, ioi, 147. 
 
 Husband, Penalty for Failure to Provide for Wife during 
 Confinement, 41. 
 
 Injuries to Workmen, Compensation for, 24. 
 
 Inspectors, Powers of, 190-192. 
 
 Insurance Commissioners, Constitution of, 106, 107. 
 Adequacy of Medical Service, 32, 33. 
 Disputes and Appeals, 62, 122—124. 
 Excessive Sickness and Injuries, 61, 115-119. 
 Power to Appoint Advisory Committees, 108. 
 
 Give Exemption Certificates, 9, 98. 
 
 Make Regulations, lai. 
 
 Special Orders, 8, 84, 85, 97, 192, 207. 
 
 Reinsure Maternity Benefits, 42. 
 
 Remove Difficulties, 134. 
 For Scotland, 136. 
 For Ireland, 144. 
 For Wales, 153. 
 Joint Committee to be Constituted, 155, 156. 
 
 Insurance Committees, Constitution ok, 109-111, 139, 148, 149. 
 Powers and Duties of, 30-38, 112, 113, 
 Administration of Sanatorium Benefit, 38-40. 
 District Committees, m. 
 Expenditure and Treasury Grants, 37, 4a 
 Income of, 113. 
 
 Power to Subscribe to Hospitals, 42. 
 Appoint Nurses, 42. 
 
 Insurance Officers and Unemployment Claims, 161, 164. 
 
 Insured Trades, List of, 204. 
 
 Ireland, Application to, 144-153. 
 Rates of Contributions in, 198. 
 
INDEX. 213 
 
 Joint Committee of Insurance Commissioners, 155, 1561- 
 
 Labour Exchanges, 173, 174. 
 
 Local Authorities and Expenditure, 37-40, 42, 43, 113,' 114. 
 
 Local Government Board, 112, 115-118, 146, 152, 155. 
 Powers of, 133. 
 Provision of Sanatoria, 38, 39, 119-121. 
 
 Local Loans Act, 1875, i°S- 
 
 Lost Books or Cards, 14, 175. 
 
 Lump Sum, 24, 25. 
 
 Marines, Special Provisions for, 77-84. 
 
 Married Women, Special Provisions for, 70-75, 201, 202. 
 
 Maternity Benefit, 15-17, 20, 21, 27-29, 31, 67, 78, 80, 202. 
 Administration of, 40, 41, 
 Reinsurance of, 42. 
 
 Medical Benefit, 14, 16, 17, 20, 30, 31, 67, 68, 78, 79. 
 Administration of, 32-38, 114. 
 
 Medical Officers of Health, 113. 
 
 Medical Practitioners, Arrangements with, 32-35. 
 Local Medical Committees, 1 14. 
 
 Mercantile Marine, Special Provisions for, 89-96. 
 
 Merchant Shipping Acts, 89, 94. 
 
 MiDWivES, Maternity Benefit and Choice of, 40, 41. 
 
 Minors may not be Officials of Approved Societies, 131. 
 
 Monmouthshire included in Wales, 135. 
 
 National Debt Commissioners, ioi, 167-169. , 
 
 National Health Insurance Fund, 100, loi. 
 
 Naval and Marine Pay and Pensions Act, 1865, 77. 
 
 Naval Reserves, 84, 173, 195. 
 
 Navy and Army Insurance Fund, 79, 80-8,3, 100, loi, J03. 
 
 Nurses, Power to Appoint, 42. 
 
214 INDEX. 
 
 Offences, 103, 126, 175-177, 191. 
 Old Age Pensions Act, 1908, 202. 
 Outdoor Relief, 186. 
 Outworkers, 146, 194, 196, 200. 
 
 Pensions as Additional Benefit, 202. 
 
 Pharmacy Acts, 36. 
 
 Pooling Arrangements, 63-66. 
 
 Post Office Fund, 53, 54, 62, 77, 99, 100, loi, 150. 
 Deposit Insurance, 67-70, 73, 80, 81, 91, 96. 
 Payment of Unemployment Benefit, 165-167. 
 
 Posthumous Child, 15, 17, 22, 40. 
 
 Provident Funds, 47, 65, 130. 
 
 Public Health Acts, 43, 118, 138, 139, 143, 147. 
 
 Railway Clerks Excepted, 195. 
 
 Referees, Courts of, 164. 
 
 Reserve Values, i8, 29, 71-74, 76, 79, 80, 96, 104, 126. 
 Regulations for^ 102, 103. 
 
 Reservists, 84, 173, 195. 
 
 Residence outside United Kingdom, 16, 53, 54, 69, 8. 
 
 Sanatoria, Provision of, 119-121, 152, •155. 
 
 Sanatorium Benefit, 15, 20, 27, 30, 67, 68, 76, 119-121, 149. 
 Administration of, 38, 39. 
 For Dependants, 39, 40. 
 
 SciLLY Isles, 135. 
 
 Scotland, Application to, 136-143. 
 
 Seamen, Special Provisions as to, 77-84, 89-96. 
 
 Seamens' National Insurance Society, 91-96. 
 
Index. 215 
 
 Seasonal Trades, 97. 
 
 Seventy, Persons over age of, ii, i2, i6. 
 
 Sickness Benefit, 15-21, 27-29, 31, 60, 61, 67, 75, 76, 86, 87, 89, 91, 
 92, 202. 
 Rates of, 201. 
 Reduction or Postponement of, 203. 
 
 Soldiers, Special Provisions for, 77-84. 
 
 Stamps, Insurance, 185. 
 
 Superannuation Allowances by Employers, 17, 47, 65, 130, 131, 195. 
 As Additional Benefit, 202. 
 
 Surgical Appliances, Provision of, 14, 28. 
 Operation, 31. 
 
 Teachers in Elementary Schools, 99, 143, 195. 
 
 Technical Instruction, Provision of, 174, 175. 
 
 Territorial Force, 84, 173, 195. 
 
 Trade Disputes and Unemployment Benefit, 160, 161, 183. 
 
 Trades, List of Insured, 204. 
 
 Trade Unions Paying Unemployment Benefit, 181, 182. 
 
 Transfer Value, 52-54, 70, 74, 75, 81. 
 
 Treasury Grants, 37, 38, 40. 
 
 Unemployment and Arrears of Contribution, 20-22. 
 Of Employed Contributors, 134, 135. 
 
 Unemployment Benefit, 157, 165-167, 171, 175. 
 Rates and Periods of, 204-206. 
 Statutory Conditions, 159, i5o. 
 When not Payable, 160, 161. 
 Modification of, 168, 169. 
 
 Repayment of Contributions at Age of Sixty, 1 70, 171. 
 Arrangement with Trade Unions as to, 180-182. 
 Trades entitled to, 204. 
 
 Unemployment Fund, 167, 169, 177. 
 
2l6 
 
 INDEX. 
 
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 Visiting of Insured Persons, .30. 
 
 Voluntary Contributors, 8, 11-13, 71-74, 87, 88, 122, 150, 151. 
 
 Waiting Periods, 17. 
 
 Wales, Application to, 153, 155. 
 
 Women, Contributions of, 9. 
 
 Workers Included in Part I. of Act, 194. 
 Part II. of Act, 204. 
 
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 A COMMENTARY THEREON 
 
 BY 
 
 His Honour JUDGE CHALMERS, and E. HOUGH, 
 
 Inspector in Banlcriiptoy, Board of Trade. 
 
 SIXTH EDITION. REVISED AND AMPLIFIED, 
 
 With a Special Appendix of Notes on Procedure, and Forms for practical use. 
 
 BY 
 M. MUIR MACKENZIE, 
 
 An Offieial Seferee of the Supreme Court, Bencher of the Middle Temple ; 
 
 AND 
 
 FRANCIS AUBREY CLARKE, 
 
 Of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, and Chief Bankruptcy Cleric of the Bankruptcy 
 Department of the Board of Trade. 
 
 IN CLOTH - - - 25s. NET. 
 
 A new feature of this Edition is an Appendix containing practical notes as to procedura 
 for the nse of practitioners, together with a complete set of Forms for practical use, in addition 
 to those prescribed hy the Bankruptcy Eules. This Appendix includes Practical Notes and 
 Forms as to Requests for Bankruptcy Notices, Bankruptcy Notices, Petitions, and Proceedings 
 on Petitions, Notices of Motion, Orders on Motions, Notices of Appeals, Procedure on Entering 
 Appeals and Orders on Appeals, and also complete specimen Bills of Costs. Although not 
 officially prescribed, the Forms have been used with approval in the Courts and Board of Trade, 
 and this Appendix should therefore be of great iwe to those engaged in Bankruptcy practice. 
 
 The Edition has also been revised, amplified, and brought down to September, 1906, and 
 contains references to the many important decisions affecting Bankruptcy which have been 
 pronounced during the interval of four years since the last Edition, and also to decisions not 
 publicly cited. The Edition is a complete manual of practice in insolvency matters, and repertory 
 of all current Acts, Bules, and Orders relating to Bankruptcy and Deeds of Arrangement. 
 
 85 & 86, LONDON "WALL, LONDON. 
 10 
 
WATERLOW & SONS LIMITED, LAW PUBLISHERS. 
 
 PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 PREPARATION OP DEEDS 
 
 AND OTHER DOCUMENTS 
 
 FOR REGISTRATION AT THE VARIOUS PUBLIC OFFICES, 
 
 WITH 
 
 FORMS, TABLES OF FEES AND AN INDEX. 
 
 By C. H. PICKEN. 
 
 FOURTH EDITION. In Gloth, 216 net. 
 
 The aim of t}iis work is to enable those who are concerued iu the preparation 
 of documents for registration to avoid the inconvenience, expense and delay which 
 are frequently caused by want of knowledge as to the particular requirements of 
 the various Public Offices. 
 
 A considerable number of precedents of Affidavits, Notices, (fee, are given 
 in the Book. 
 
 The various Chapters relate to ; — 
 
 Incorporation of Joint Stock Companies 
 and the filing of Returns under the 
 Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908. 
 
 Registration of Bills of Sale. 
 
 Registration of Deeds of Arrangement. 
 
 Enrolment of Deeds In Chancery. 
 
 Advertisements in " London Gazette." 
 
 Naturalization. 
 
 Commlsslonership for Oaths. 
 
 Limited Partnerships. 
 
 Perpetual Commissioner. 
 
 Notary Public. 
 
 Stamping Deeds and other Documents. 
 
 Registration of Deeds affecting Patents 
 
 Registration of Writs, Orders, Land 
 Charges. 
 
 Searches for Title. 
 
 Registration of Money Lenders. 
 
 Registration of Deeds or Middlesex 
 Registry. 
 
 Filing Powers of Attorney. 
 
 Passports. 
 
 85 & 86, LONDON WALL, LONDON. 
 11 
 
WATERLOW dt SONS LIMITED, LA W STATIONERS. 
 
 Price List of Parchment. 
 
 These Prices are subject to fluctuations 
 
 in the market. 
 
 
 
 PLAIN. 
 
 
 
 When ordering, the full size of Skin 
 shovUd always be given. 
 
 
 
 oaDiNAK^e 
 
 QUALITY. 
 
 BEST SELECTED. 
 
 Bach. 
 
 Per doz. 
 
 Each. 
 
 Per doz. 
 
 Depth. Width. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 ». d. 
 
 ». d. 
 
 ». d. 
 
 8i X 13 
 
 
 5 
 
 i 6 
 
 . 6 
 
 5 6 
 
 lOJ X 17 
 
 
 10 
 
 9 6 
 
 11 
 
 10 6 
 
 lOJ X 21 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 llj X 18 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 13 X 17 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 15 X 20 
 
 
 1 4 
 
 15 6 
 
 1 6 
 
 17 6 
 
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 1 9 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 22 
 
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 1 11 
 
 22 
 
 2 2 
 
 24 6 
 
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 2 
 
 23 
 
 2 3 
 
 25 
 
 19 X 25 . 
 
 
 2 2 
 
 24 6 
 
 2 4 
 
 26 6 
 
 22 X 27 . 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 29 
 
 2 8 
 
 31 
 
 23 X 28 
 
 
 2 9 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 26 X 29 
 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 3 3 
 
 37 
 
 27 X 30 . 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 40 
 
 3 8 
 
 42 
 
 28 X 32 
 
 
 3 8 
 
 42 
 
 3 10 
 
 44 
 
 Special sizes cau be supplied. 
 
 
 
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 INDENTURES AND FOLLOWERS. 
 
 RED-LINED AND EULED OK EED-LINBD ONLY. 
 
 
 When ordering, the fuU size of Skin 
 should always be given. 
 
 ORnilfABY 
 
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 Per doz. 
 
 Each. 
 
 Per doz. 
 
 
 
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 OPEN r 15 X 
 
 20 
 
 1 9 
 
 18 
 
 2 
 
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 INDENTURES 22 x 
 
 25 
 
 27 
 
 2 6 
 2 10 
 
 27 
 32 
 
 2 9 
 
 3 
 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 AND I 26 X 
 
 29 
 
 3 6 
 
 40 
 
 3 9 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 f 23 X 
 FOLLOWERS | 24 x 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 3 
 3 3 
 
 34 
 37 
 
 3 3 
 3 6 
 
 37 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f m X 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 1 2 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 BOOKWAY 
 
 11* X 
 
 18 
 
 1 2 
 
 12 
 
 1 4 
 
 13 
 
 6 
 
 INDENTURES 
 
 - 
 
 Sizes 13 X 
 before ^^ X 
 
 17 
 20 
 
 1 3 
 1 9 
 
 13 
 18 
 
 1 6 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 AND 
 . FOLLOWERS 
 
 folding. - X 
 19 X 
 
 21 
 24 
 25 
 
 2 
 2 4 
 2 6 
 
 22 
 26 
 28 
 
 2 3 
 2 7 
 2 9 
 
 24 
 28 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 X 
 
 27 
 
 2 10 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 85 & 86, LONDON WALL, LONDON. 
 12 
 
WATEELOW ^ SONS LIMITED, LAW STATIONERS. 
 
 Price List of Parchment 
 
 — Continued. 
 
 THREE-FOLD INDENTURES. 
 
 RULED AND RED-LINED THREE PAGES, WITH FLY SHEET FOR PLAN. 
 
 
 OHDINART QUALITY. 
 
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 114 X 27 . 
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 1 6 
 
 1 9 
 
 2 6 
 
 8. d. 
 15 
 18 
 29 
 
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 33 
 
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 H 
 
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 1/- „ „ 
 
 For the better protection oi the Grants issued under the New Rules, 
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 COVERS 
 
 ENDORSED FOR PROBATE OR LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Parchment (13^ X 17) l*/6 per dozen. 
 
 Indestructible Paper 2/- „ „ 
 
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 1.3 
 
WATERLOW 4- SONS LIMITED, LAW STATIONERS. 
 
 Paper Indentures, Agreements, &c. 
 
 FEINTED, 
 
 RULED AND RED-LINED. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Large 
 Post 4to. 
 
 Medium 
 4to. 
 
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 Demy. 
 
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 Per Quire. 
 
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 This Iitdintitei— 
 
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 IlTTENTOET— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 fi 
 
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 This is the Last Will, &c. — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 2 
 
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 — 
 
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 This Indehtuee, on Water-lined Brief 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Type-Writing. 
 
 "We beg to draw the attention of Solicitors, Secretaries of Companies and others to our 
 facilities for the prompt execution of Type-written work. 
 
 Reports, Schedules, Deeds, Briefs and other Law Documents copied quickly and accurately by an 
 efficient staff of operators ; the greatest care belritr used in reading and compajring copies with originals. 
 Law Copying, Deeds, Briefs, Drafts, AflBdavits, 
 
 Reports, Correspondence, &c. . . . per folio of 72 words l\d. 
 
 If in Foreign Languages „ „ 3d. 
 
 Duplicate Copies (Carbons) ,, „ id. 
 
 Specifications, Balance Sheets, Table, &c- . ,, „ 2d. 
 
 Transcript of Shorthand Notes .... „ „ 4,d. 
 
 Authors' MS per 1.000 words la. 3d, 
 
 Shorthand Writer per hour 2». Gd. 
 
 Do. do per day (10 to 5) lOs. 6d. 
 
 Typing from Dictation per hour 2». 6d. 
 
 Do. do. after 6 p.m. per hour 3j. Gd, 
 
 Hire of Typewriter and Operator ... . . . per day (10 to 6) 10«. 6d. 
 
 Special Quotations given for large quaniitiea of -work. 
 Circulars reproduced by Auto-Oyclostyle, prices on application. 
 
 85 & 86, LONDON WALL, LONDON. 
 U 
 
WATERLOW 4- SONS LIMITED, LAW STATIONERS. 
 
 LaiflT IfiTriting and Engrossing. 
 
 Watehlow & Sons Limited desire to call the attention of Solicitors to 
 the facilities they possess, which enable them to undertake the copying of all 
 classes of Legal Documents with the greatest promptitude. 
 
 A competent staff of law writers and clerks is constantly engaged at 85 and 86, London 
 Wall, E.G., and at 49, Parliament Street, Westminster, and W. & S. Ld. are therefore 
 enabled to execute any work entrusted to them with the utmost care and despatch. 
 Plans drawn on Parchment, traced on Linen, &c. 
 Stamp Duties assessed and paid. 
 
 Charges for copying at per folio of 72 words — , 
 
 Engrossments in Bound-hand ....... 2 
 
 Attested Copies and Pair Copies H 
 
 Wills, Abstracts, Parliamentary Briefs and Minutes of Evidence 2 
 Abstracting Titles and Fair Copy 6 
 
 Drafts, etc., received from the country can be engrossed or copied and sent by return post 
 
 when required. 
 
 A Large Stock of Stamped Paechment and Papek of every description being kept ready 
 for immediate use, any order can be executed without the slightest delay. A remittance 
 to cover duty should accompany instructions. 
 
 LaiBT Lithography. 
 
 The facilities afforded by Waterlow & Sons Limited in this department 
 having led to so great an increase of their business, they are enabled to 
 retain a staff of hands capable of completing, in a few hours, any amount of 
 work, however large. 
 
 Briefs, Abstracts, Minutes of Evidence, Reports and Legal Documents, Builders' 
 Quantities, Contracts, Specifications, &c., lithographed in good plain round-hand, with 
 the greatest accuracy. 
 
 A Brief of 100 sheets can, if necessary, be lithographed in three or four hours. The 
 evidence taken daily on Private Bills or Arbitration cases may be neatly and correctly 
 lithographed or printed during the night, and delivered to Counsel before 9 o'clock the 
 following morning. 
 
 The following prices are intended as a guide to the charges for the ordinary description 
 of Law Lithography; where a great number of copies of any document are required, 
 special estimates will be givpn. 
 
 Abstracts copied Brief wise, 6 to 6 folios, per 
 
 sheet on Superfine Paper : — 
 
 8 Copies . . . Brf. per sheet. 
 
 12 
 20 
 30 
 50 
 100 
 
 i\d. 
 
 id. 
 
 id. 
 l\d. 
 
 Per 100, after the first 100, 10s. Gd. 
 
 Drafts, 3 to 4 folios per page, on Superfine 
 Laid Copy. 
 1 Copies . . . id. per page. 
 20 ;, . . 2\d. „ 
 
 50 IJrf. „ 
 
 100 „ . . . 7s. 6d. 
 Per 100, after the first 100, 5«. &d. 
 Deeds, Law Letters, and Forms Litho- 
 graphed. 
 
 Where preferred, the charge will be made by the folio, in proportion to the above scale. 
 Minutes of Evidence and Parlinmentarv Documents are charged at 2d. per folio. 
 
 85 & 86, LONDON WALL, LONDON, 
 15 
 
WATERLOW & SONS LIMITED, LAW STATIONERS. 
 
 LaiBT Agency Department. 
 
 WATERLOW d SONS LIMITED devote special attention to this department, and are 
 
 In daily attendance at Somerset House and tiie various Public Ofpoes. 
 
 PAPERS LODGED FOR PROBATE AND ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 ESTATE DUTY, LEGACY, SUCCESSION AND RESIDUARY ACCOUNTS 
 PASSED, AND DUTIES PAID. 
 
 PROBATES AND LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION LODGED FOR 
 REGISTRATION AT COMPANIES' OFFICES. 
 
 ACCOUNTS FOR LAND VALUES DUTIES PASSED AND DUTIES PAID. 
 
 BILLS OF SALE AND DEEDS OF ARRANGEMENT STAMPED AND FILED. 
 
 JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES REGISTERED, AND ANNUAL SUMMARIES, 
 SPECIAL RESOLUTIONS, etc., FILED. 
 
 DEEDS LODGED FOR ENROLMENT AT THE CENTRAL OFFICE AND FOR 
 REGISTRATION AT THE LAND REGISTRY AND MIDDLESEX REGISTRY. 
 
 DEEDS LODGED FOR ADJUDICATION OF STAMP DUTY. 
 
 DEEDS LODGED FOR INCREMENT VALUE DUTY STAMP. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED IN THE "LONDON GAZETTE" AND OTHER 
 
 LONDON PAPERS. 
 
 SEARCHES MADE AT ANY OF THE PUBLIC OFFICES WITH THE 
 GREATEST CARE AND EXPEDITION. 
 
 DEEDS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS STAMPED 
 
 a small charge being made for attendance and postage. Tke greatest care is 
 
 exercised in tlie assessment of Stamp Duty payable on any document entrusted 
 
 to the Company for stamping, but they incur no responsibility in the event of an 
 
 improper assessment being made. 
 
 A REMITTANCE TO COVER DUTIES AND FEES SHOULD ACCOMPANY 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 REGISTRATION OF COPYRIGHT BOOKS AND DRAWINGS. 
 REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS AND OF DESIGNS. 
 
 APPLlCA'l'IONS FOR PATENTS OONDDCTED UNDER THE PERSONAL SUPERVISION OK A 
 FELLOW OF THE INSTITUTE OF PATENT AGENTS. 
 
 85 k 86, LONDON WALL, LONDON. 
 
 16 
 
 i/i e 
 
Cornell University Library 
 KD 3244.51. L89 
 
 The National Insurance Act, 1911 / 
 
 3 1924 003 752 189