1 924_092 420 623 
 
 fSkWIEN'S COMPENSAIIOI^ STATiSIICA 
 
 9YITEM OF SECMRSiSa AND COMPitSSS 
 WORKWiK'S COMPENSATION STATISTICS 
 
 EFFECTIVE JANUARY l, 1919, 
 
 TO BE USEO ONLY FOA ACCIOENTf COVERED 
 8Y POLKilES ISSUES IN 1919 AND THEREArXER 
 
 iS9UEi> SY 
 
 SATiONAL WORKIEK'S C0fiSPEHSAIi8?S SERVICE BUmm 
 
 53 PARK BOW 
 SEW YORK CITY 
 
Cornell 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924092420623 
 
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION STATISTICAL PLAN 
 
 SYSTEM OF SECURING AND COMPILING 
 WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION STATISTICS 
 
 EFFECTIVE JANUARY I, 1919. 
 
 TO BE USED ONLY FOR ACCIDENTS COVERED 
 BY POLICIES ISSUED IN 1919 AND THEREAFTER 
 
 ISSUED BY 
 
 NATIONAL WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION SERVICE BUREAU 
 
 ■r 
 
 13 PARK ROW 
 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 ■ ^ 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The statistical plan of tjie National Workmen's. Compensation Service Bureau 
 recently has been fundamentally revised. It is the purpose of this introductory 
 note to explain the reasons for this revision and also to give a brief comparison of 
 the revised plan with the plat^ vrhich it will replace. 
 
 A statistical plan for any form of casualty insurance grows. This statement 
 needs no supporting analysis. Obviously, the first attempt to anticipate the future 
 requirements of rate makers must fall somewhat short of tlie mark. Underwriting, 
 actuarial science and safety engineering have not been thoroughly standardized. 
 They have developed and will further develop in a measure relating to the volume 
 of adequate and dependable experience data available. As these sciences are per- 
 fected new problems come up for consideration and thus ever changing demands 
 for new data are created. Statisticians must be ever oii the alert to so pattern their 
 plans of procedure that this information so necessary to the proper development of 
 the science of rate making may be obtainable. 
 
 Not only does the character of the information required change, but methods 
 of tabulating and compiling the information also change. The science of statistics 
 as applied to casualty insurance is not perfect. As we progress, we discover new 
 methods of statistical procedure. It is the function of the Bureau and its Com- 
 mittees to see that the best statistical methods are brought to the attention of the 
 companies, for only in this w^ay can the work which is cooperatively undertaken 
 by its members be carried on in a most efficient and economical manner. 
 
 The original statistical plan for workmen's cbmpeiisation insurance was de- 
 signed to meet the demands of underwriters, actuaries and safety engineers, so far 
 as these demands could be anticipated when the plan was promulgated. 
 
 For the underwriter, the plan was intended to produce a classification experi- 
 ence, that is, an exposure and loss analysis. There was an exposure card to be 
 used for recording payrolls and premiums. There were "paid on accident" and 
 "outstanding" cards upon which to record the losses referable to the exposure. 
 These losses were analyzed by kind of benefit and by kind of injury. 
 
 For the actuary, the plan provided an individual analysis^ and report of each 
 accident according to the following items: age, sex, percentage of physical impair- 
 ment, weekly wage, duration of injury, kind of injury and medical and compensa- 
 tion losses. The basis for this accident analysis was the "tabulatable" accident. 
 There being no agreement as to the possibility of securing the exact duration of 
 disability in cases not extending beyond the waiting period, the plan contained the 
 requirement that an effort should be made at least to determine whether the dis- 
 ability was of less or more than one week's duration. Contra cards were devised 
 for reporting developments and correcUng errors. 
 
Ill 
 
 closed case" card. For a case remaining open the companies will punch a new 
 "Incurred Jp^s — ^p^tstaqtling «!4S«" card on which will be recorded the amount of 
 inpprr^d loss as of this subsequent date. A new "incurred loss — outstanding case" 
 card will be punched for such cases even if the amount of incurred has not changed 
 since the preyious repprt. The Bureau will add these case? to th^ plpsed pases 
 of the year previous and thus obtain the matured experience. Thip prpcess will 
 be repeated year after year ijntil the accident experience for spy «t»te 4ad year 
 of issue is fully matured. 
 
 3. This procedure will relieve the companies from the necessity of keeping 
 <» r4cor4 of the amounts paid and outstanding on the date as of which the experi- 
 ence was reported (he preceding year for the purpose of cancelling the pl4 cards by 
 punching the identical information on contra cards. 
 
 4. The analysis and punching of accidents will be simple. Taking, for ex- 
 ample, accidents referable to policy year 1918. The companies during 1918 and 
 1919 will analyze and pHncb ^H cipaed cases on green cards. On January I, 1920, 
 or any time between this 4^te and April 1, 1920, all outstanding cases will be ansly^d 
 and punched on brown cards. Puring 1920 some of these outstanding cases will 
 be closed and they wiU be reported again pn green cards. The outstanding cases 
 which remain open after December 31, 1 920, will again be reported on brown 
 cards without apy attention being paid to the infprmation reported the previPUS 
 year. 
 
 To assure the complete success of the simplified method and to guard against 
 the failure of any company to report developments on outstandings, the Bureau will 
 count the number of outstandings removed from each state and year of issue, keep 
 a record of this, and at the proper time advise the companies that it expects a re- 
 port of developments on a definite number of cases. 
 
 5. The above methpd of handling losses on outstanding cases extends to th* 
 {Jvratipp pf disability. Instead Pf reporting on pne card the ppmpenaated perjpd 
 
 an<i on another the estimated further duration pf disability, the entire estimated 
 period pf disability will be repprtetl on one card. 
 
 The above describes the principal modifications which in themselves will im- 
 measurably simplify the application of the plan. Other changes are as follows: 
 
 1. The new punch card does not cpntain space fpr cents ii) the "njedical" 
 and "compensation incurre4" fields. This saves four coluinns pf digits. 
 
 2. Of the columns saved one column is added to the ''age" field, thus mak- 
 ing it possible to punch the actual age instead of the age group. This may not 
 seem very important, but it does nevertheless save the work of coding and also 
 gives better data to work on. 
 
 3. Two cplumn* have been added to the "cp»nter" cplumn- There are now 
 
 three "counter" columns headed respectively "tabulatable," "non-tabulatable" and 
 "njsdi.eBl." This corrects one of the phortcqmiHg* of the pl4 plan. For many pur- 
 poses, especially for Schedule Z, it is necessary to count not only the number of 
 tabulatable accidents and the number of tabulatable accidents which are compen- 
 sable, but also the number of cases on which medip^l has been inciirred regardless 
 of whether tabulatable, non-tabulatable or compensable. 
 
 4. The duration of disability or payment no longer will be required in cases 
 of death, permanent total disability, and permanent partial disability which are 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Accidents: 
 
 Analysis of 3 
 
 Compensable f 4 
 
 Extra-territorial 12 
 
 Fatal 3, 22 
 
 Method of reporting, changed infor- 
 mation on 10 
 
 Non-tabu'latable 4 
 
 Reportable 4 
 
 Tabulatable 4 
 
 Working machine 14 
 
 Accident Analysis 3, 12 
 
 Additional accident information, method 
 
 of reporting 10 
 
 "Age" field 14 
 
 Alien dependents 28 
 
 Allocated claim adjusting expenses 7 
 
 Allocation of contract medical 6 
 
 Allocation of losses to manual classifica- 
 tion 3 
 
 Allocation of payments to dependents 24-26 
 
 Allocation of payments to injury 35-37 
 
 Amputation, multiple 15 
 
 Analysis of death benefits 24 
 
 Beneficiaries 24, 27 
 
 "Cause of Injury" field 14 
 
 Changed accident information, method 
 
 of reporting 10 
 
 Chauffeurs' compensation policies 11 
 
 Claim expenses 7 
 
 "Classification" field 12 
 
 Codes (also see Part II of Plan) 8 
 
 Commuted payments 18-19 
 
 Company symbols 9 
 
 Compensable accidents 4 
 
 Compensation experience, method of re- 
 porting 1 
 
 "Compensation Incurred" field 18 
 
 Compensation written on endorsements 7 
 
 Contract medical 6 
 
 "Contra" cards 21 
 
 Correlation of benefits with disabilities 35 
 
 "Counter" columns 16 
 
 Date of Accident 12 
 
 Date of report to bureau 4 
 
 Death benefits 24 
 
 Deductible average policies 7 
 
 Deferred payments 19 
 
 Definition of "Kinds" of payment 32 
 
 Degree of impairment, method of aver- 
 aging 13 
 
 Dependency, extent of 27 
 
 Dependents 22 
 
 "Designating Number" field 12 
 
 Page 
 
 Diseases of occupation 15 
 
 Disfigurement benefits 34 
 
 Disfigurement injuries 31 
 
 Dismemberment benefits . . ; 33 
 
 Dismemberment injuries 30 
 
 Distinction between "Kind of Injury" 
 
 and "Kind of Payment" 29 
 
 Distribution of injuries into groups.... 29 
 
 "Duration of Injury" field .....:.. 17 
 
 Duration of various disabilities. . .''. ... 11, 17 
 
 Endorsements .V 7 
 
 Expenses, claim 7 
 
 Expenses, medical 6 
 
 Experience — date of report 4 
 
 Experience — method of reporting 1 
 
 Exposure card 20 
 
 Exposure experience 2 
 
 Extent of dependency 27 
 
 Extra-territorial accidents 12 
 
 Fatal accidents — analysis, etc 22 
 
 Hospitals in plants 6 
 
 Impairment — percent of 13 
 
 Incurred Loss card 12 
 
 "Kind of Injury" field 17 
 
 Kind of Injury distinguished from Kind 
 
 of Payment 29 
 
 "Kind of Payment" column 18, 29 
 
 Liability payments 8 
 
 Losses — allocation of 3 
 
 Losses — analysis of 24, 32 
 
 Loss of use benefits 33 
 
 Loss of use injury 30 
 
 Lump sum payments 18 
 
 Lump sum settlements 18 
 
 "Manner of Occurrence" column 14 
 
 Manual classifications code 12 
 
 "Marital State" field 22 
 
 Medical contracts 6 
 
 Medical payments 6 
 
 "Medical Incurred" field 17 
 
 Medical-plant hospital 6 
 
 Minimum premiums, method of prorating 10 
 
 Multiple amputations 15 
 
 Multiple injuries (minor) 15 
 
 Names of companies in symbols 9 
 
 "Nature of Injury" field 15 
 
 New accident cases 10' 
 
 Non-resident alien dependents 28' 
 
 Non-tabulatable accidents 4 
 
 Occupational diseases 15 
 
 "Outstanding" card 19 
 
 Outstanding cases 19 
 
 Partial disability 29 
 
This plan is eCFective January 1, 1919, and is to be used for analysis of 
 accid«its chargeable to 1919 and subsequent years of usue. 
 
 Workmen's Compensation Statistical Plan 
 
 Sjrstem of Securing and Compiling Workmen's Compensation Statistics 
 by the National Wcurkmen's Compensation Service Bureau. 
 
 PART I— RULES 
 Section 1 — General Instructions. 
 
 1. PUNCHED CARD SYSTEM. 
 
 (a) This system comprehends the use of the Hollerith or Powers 
 punched cards in connection with the Hollerith or Powers sort- 
 ing and adding machines. Though not interchangeable, the cards 
 are identical in size and form, and accordingly the system can be 
 used in connection with either make of machine. 
 
 (b) The punched card system, which hereinafter will be re- 
 ferred to as the "Bureau Plan," consists of three main divisions: 
 
 (1) The "Exposure" cards for reporting payroll exposure 
 and premiums. 
 
 (2) TTie "Incurred Loss" cards for reporting experience 
 on closed cases. 
 
 (3) The "Incurred Loss" cards for reporting experience 
 on accidents remaining open at the time of compilation. 
 
 2. METHOD OF REPORTING EXPERIENCE. 
 
 (a) In accordance with a resolution passed by the Bureau at 
 its meeting on January 8, 1913, all the members of the Bureau are 
 to report their compensation experience to the Bureau according to 
 the Statistical Committee's plan mailed to the members on December 
 10, 1914, in one of the three following ways: 
 
 ( 1 ) The company will punch the cards and send them 
 to the Bureau for compilation. 
 
 (2) The company will send accident information to the 
 Bureau and the Bureau will punch the cards and compile them 
 with the cards sent by other companies. 
 
 (3) The company will compile its own experience accord- 
 ing to the method prescribed by the Bureau and send its com- 
 
pilation to the Bureau, where it will be combined with the 
 Bureau's compilation according to method (1) or (2). 
 
 (b) It is earnestly hoped that the companies will furnish their 
 experience in accordance with plan (1), but if not in accordance 
 with plan (I), then in accordance with plan (2). Plan (3) is 
 deprecated because it would require the Bureau's combining its com- 
 pilation with the compilations of the individual companies. Under 
 plan (1 ) or (2) the work of the Bureau would consist of one com- 
 pilation which w^ould not be possible under plan (3). If experience 
 is reported under plan (3) every time a change in the nature of 
 compilation is made the company using such plan must change its 
 compilation and the Bureau must make a combination of its compila- 
 tion with the compilation of the experience of all those companies 
 that use plan (3). Should the Bureau after compiling on a "Classi- 
 fication Exposure" decide to recompile on a "Cause of Injury," "Na- 
 ture of Injury" or any other unit taken as a basis, no result could be 
 obtained until all the companies using plan (3) had reported. It 
 would necessitate explaining to the companies how and what to com- 
 pile. It would cause delay. And the possibility that occasionally 
 a company's compilation w^ould not accord with the compilation de- 
 sired by the Bureau is not to be underestimated. 
 
 POLICY YEAR METHOD OF COMPILING COMPENSATION 
 STATISTICS. 
 
 Before taking up each division of the plan in detail it is necessary 
 to point out that the statistical data must be prepared and tabulated 
 in accordance with the "Policy Year" method. This method re- 
 quires : 
 
 ( 1 ) The segregation of exposed payrolls and premiums 
 based upon such payrolls according to the calendar years in 
 which the policies were issued. To give a concrete example, 
 the estimated payrolls and premiums covered by a policy issued, 
 ^r example, in 191 6, including all developments such as addi- 
 tional expenditures and premiums ascertained in subsequent 
 years, must be allocated to the year 1916 irrespective of the 
 year in which the items may have been entered on the com- 
 pany's books. 
 
 (2) TTie allocation of losses to the year in which the policy 
 under which they were incurred was issued. 
 
 PAYROLL EXPOSURE AND PREMIUMS. 
 
 (a) Two methods of reporting exposure experience are avail- 
 able: 
 
 ( 1 ) The companies may use one exposure card for each 
 manual classification, the card to contain all of the experience 
 pertaining to the classification for the given state and year of 
 issue; or. 
 
(2) The companies may punch a separate exposure card for 
 each office entry in connection with each subdivision of payroll 
 for every policy issued and file wkh the Bureau such of the cards 
 as pertain to the year of issue for which a report is required. 
 Under method 2, care should be taken before filing to see that the 
 cards when totalled will give all of exposure pertaining to each 
 classification and state for the given year of issue. 
 
 (b) The experience reported to the Bureau must include not 
 only risks that are based on payroll exposure, but also all risks based 
 on per capita or any other kind of exposure. 
 
 (c) For rules governing the information to be punched in the 
 various fields on the exposure card, see Section 4. 
 
 5. ACCIDENT ANALYSIS. 
 
 (a) Each reportable accident, as defined in Rule 8, shall be 
 given individual treatment and reported on a separate card, or on 
 several cards if occasion requires it. 
 
 (b) Closed fatal and non-fatal cases shall be analyzed in ac- 
 cordance with rules in Section 2, and the analysis punched on green 
 cards entitled "Incurred Loss." 
 
 (c) Fatal and non-fatal cases which are still open at the time 
 the experience is being compiled for the Bureau, shall also be 
 analyzed in accordance with instructions in Section 2 and the 
 analysis punched on Incurred Loss cards (brown color). 
 
 (d) SPECIAL ANALYSIS. For every fatal and permanent 
 total disability case there must be furnished, in addition to a punch 
 card, a special detailed analysis. The detailed analysis of fatal 
 cases shall be made on form W. C. "1 082 in accordance with instruc- 
 tions in Section 6, and that of permanent total disability cases on 
 form W. C. 1100, entitled "Details of Individual Permanent Total 
 Disability Cases." 
 
 6. ALLOCATION OF LOSSES TO MANUAL CLASSIFICATIONS. 
 
 (a) To assure dependable pure premium experience the great- 
 est care should be exercised to see that the accidents and losses are 
 charged to the proper manual classifications. This is especially true 
 when a loss is incurred under a policy covering a risk written on a 
 divided payroll basis. The following considerations should govern 
 the allocation of losses to manual classifications. Determine the oc- 
 cupation of the injured workman, then allocate the loss to the classi- 
 fication covering the payroll in which his wages were included. For 
 illustration, let us take a contracting risk involving the following 
 classifications: Carpentry — n. o. c, and Blasting. A carpenter 
 engaged in his routine work receives injuries from a blast fired by an 
 employee whose payroll takes the blasting rate. This accident is 
 chargeable to the carpentry classification and not to the blasting 
 classification. 
 
7. DATE OF REPORTING EXPERIENCE. 
 
 The experience for any year of issue shall be reported to the 
 Bureau in accordance with the instructions to be issued annually by 
 the Sub-committee on Calls for Experience. 
 
 8. REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS. 
 
 Reports shall be made to the Bureau of all tabulatable accidents 
 and of all non-tabulatable accidents which require any medical ex- 
 penditure. Complete analysis is required of each reportable ac- 
 cident. 
 
 9. TABULATABLE ACCIDENT— DEFINITION OF. 
 
 A tabulatable accident is one which occasions loss of time on 
 any day or shift on which the injured would have worked other 
 than the day of the accident. 
 
 This definition shall be followed by all companies. 
 
 10. NON-TABULATABLE ACCIDENTS. 
 
 An accident which causes no loss of time or loss of time only 
 for the remainder of the day, turn or shift on which the accident oc- 
 curred, shall be classified as non-tabulatable. All non-tabulatable 
 accidents involving medical come within the scope of the plan, but 
 care should be taken to punch only the medical counter digit as 
 otherwise these cases will be counted as accidents. 
 
 11. WHEN ASSUMPTION MAY BE MADE THAT ACCIDENT IS 
 
 NON-TABULATABLE. 
 
 If the information on the accident report is insufficient, so that 
 no evidence exists as to whether or not the injured man returned to 
 work, and if there is no medical bill, or if the medical bill calls for 
 only one treatment administered on the day of accident, the assump- 
 tion may be made that the accident is a Non-Tabulatable one. This, 
 of course, does not absolve the companies from the necessity of 
 insisting upon getting accurate "return to work" reports. 
 
 12. COMPENSABLE ACCIDENT— DEFINITION. 
 
 A "compensable" accident is one which results in an award of 
 compensation or which entitles an injured employee or his depend- 
 ents to compensation. Medical aid is not to be regarded as com- 
 pensation within the meaning of the definition. 
 
13. POLICIES EXCLUDING MEDICAL AID. 
 
 In those cases where the policy contract provides for the exclu- 
 sion of liability for medical benefits, the payrolls and premiums shall 
 be reported separately from the payrolls and premiums on policies 
 providing full coverage. To indicate that the medical feature has 
 been excluded from the contract, the position "X" shall be punched 
 on the exposure card immediately above the first column of digits 
 in the field entitled "Payroll." 
 
 It is not necessary to report the losses on this class of policies 
 separately, or to mark them in any way to distinguish them from 
 losses on full coverage policies. The reason for it is made apparent 
 in the following illustration: 
 
 Indemnity Medical Pure 
 
 Kind of Policy Payroll Loss Loss Premium 
 
 Medical Excluded. . 500,000 
 
 Full Coverage 1.000,000 5,000 .50 Medical 
 
 Total 1,500,000 15,000 1.00 indemnity 
 
 Pure premium for full coverage policies 1.50 
 
 There being no medical losses on policies which exclude medical 
 payments, such losses are therefore placed only against the payroll 
 in connection with "full coverage" policies. This gives the medical 
 pure premium for full coverage policies. On the justified assump- 
 tion that the weekly compensation loss experience is the same under 
 both kinds of policy, the total of such losses is applied against the 
 combined payroll to arrive at weekly indemnity pure premium. 
 This result gives the actual pure premium for policies which exclude 
 medical aid. The proper pure premium for full coverage policies 
 is the sum of medical and weekly indemnity pure premiums. 
 
 If the payrolls are not separated, the following pure premium is 
 obtained : 
 
 Payroll $1,500,000; Losses (including medical) $20,000; P.P. 
 1.33. 
 
 Tl»e pure premium of 1.33 is only 89% of the actual pure pre- 
 mium for full coverage policies and is 33% in excess of the pure pre- 
 mium for policies excluding medical aid. 
 
 As the basis of all rate-making is the experience pure premium, 
 and as the basic rates are furthermore erected for full coverage 
 contracts, it is needless to say that failure to separate the payrolls 
 will result in rates entirely inadequate for full coverage contracts, 
 the extent of inadequacy depending on the amount of payroll un- 
 derwritten writh the medical feature excluded. The above examples 
 abundantly illustrate this point. 
 
14. MEDICAL PAYMENTS— FEE SYSTEM. 
 
 (a) Any payment for medical aid even if in excess of statutory 
 limitations, provided only it is for the benefit of the injured work- 
 man, shall be charged to Medical. 
 
 (b) Medical expenses incurred for the benefit of the insurance 
 carrier shall be treated as adjusting expenses and so charged. The 
 following exemplifies the kind of medical payments which come un- 
 der this paragraph : 
 
 Where a medical examination of the claimant is made on be- 
 half of the insurance carrier for the possible production thereof as 
 evidence before a court or arbitrating board, the cost of same shall 
 be charged to Adjusting Expenses. 
 
 15. CONTRACT MEDICAL PAYMENTS. 
 
 (a) In accordance with a resolution adopted by the Sub-com- 
 mittee on the Bureau Statistical Plan on March 23, 1916, contract 
 medical payments must be classified and reported by classifications 
 as medical losses. The practice of charging medical payments of 
 this character to expense tends to produce grave errors in pure pre- 
 mium experience and should, therefore, be immediately discontinued. 
 
 (b) The following plan for allocating contract medical payments 
 to individual accidents is strongly recommended : 
 
 ( 1 ) In all cases, except those where physicians are em- 
 ployed under contract or the companies establish Medical De- 
 partments, the amount of medical loss shall be charged against 
 the individual accident and in this way revert to the classifica- 
 tion and other conditions incidental to the tabulation of expe- 
 rience. 
 
 (2) In case of physicians under contract and of medical de- 
 partments, the amount paid out to the contract or salaried physi- 
 cian shall be debited to Sundry Loss Expense. 
 
 As reports come in from physicians, the amount of medical 
 to be allocated to the individual case shall be determined in ac- 
 cordance with the fee schedule prevailing in the territory where 
 the accident occurred. 
 
 The amounts charged to Medical, as calculated for each 
 accident in accordance with the system of fees employed, shall 
 be credited to Sundry Loss ELxpense. 
 
 16. MEDICAL PAYMENTS— PLANT HOSPITAL. 
 
 (a) In those cases where policies are written at a reduced rate 
 because of the presence at the plant of a fully-equipped First Aid 
 Hospital, experience shall be stated separately and reported with 
 experience on policies written with the exclusion of medical pay- 
 ments. 
 
 Note that this rule applies only to plant hospitals for which a 
 considerable reduction in premium has been allowed. 
 
 6 
 
17. COMPENSATION BUSINESS WRITTEN ON ENDORSEMENTS. 
 
 (a) Compensation business written on endorsement shall be 
 considered as written on the date when the endorsement w^as is- 
 sued and not on the date of issue of the original policy. 
 
 (b) This, however, does not apply to endorsements of existing 
 policies to cover additional classifications or the extension of opera- 
 tions into another state. In such cases the additional operations 
 shall be considered as vrritten on the same date as the original 
 policy. 
 
 18. CLAIM EXPENSES. 
 
 Claim expenses, both allocated and unallocated, shall be treated 
 as follows: 
 
 The companies shall report to the Bureau the amount of their 
 claim expenses in bulk by states and calendar years. The Bureau 
 will then combine these expenses by states and calendar years and 
 if advisable distribute them to classifications. 
 
 19. DEDUCTIBLE AVERAGE POLICIES. 
 
 (a) Payrolls, premiums and losses in connection with policies 
 containing the so-called deductible average clause shall be excluded 
 entirely from the general experience and reported separately in the 
 following manner: 
 
 ( 1 ) The payrolls and premiums shall be assembled accord- 
 ing to policies carrying the same amount of deductible average, 
 subdivided, of course, by classifications within states, and the 
 data pertaining to each classification punched on a separate ex- 
 posure card. The position "X" shall be punched above the 
 first column of digits in "Classification" field and on the face of 
 the card shall be written in ink the amount of deductible aver- 
 age in this manner: D. A. $250, or D. A. $100, as the case 
 may be. 
 
 (2) The accident experience on such policies shall be 
 analyzed and reported in the identical manner provided for or- 
 dinary accident experience. On the face of each card shall be 
 written the amount of deductible average of the policy to which 
 the accident is chargeable and position "X" shall be punched 
 above the first column of digits in Classification field on Incurred 
 Loss card. 
 
 (3) As such experience will be tabulated and studied by it- 
 self, the companies are requested to submit the cards in a sepa- 
 rate package, plainly marked to indicate identity. 
 
20. LIABIUTY PAYMENT. 
 
 Liability pasrment or settlement shall mean amounts (including 
 medical) recovered under Common Law in all cases where a com- 
 pensation policy provides also coverage for incidental Common 
 Law liability. Such common law liability may arise in one or an- 
 other of the follownng ways: 
 
 ( 1 ) Where a workman elects not to come under the pro- 
 visions of the Compensation Act. 
 
 (2) Where a workman, having elected to come under the 
 Compensation Act, is injured in an accident occurring in such a 
 manner as to entitle him to sue at Common Law, and chooses 
 that form of recovery. 
 
 (3) Where a workman by reason of the nature of his occu- 
 pation is specifically excluded from benefits of the Compensa- 
 tion Act. 
 
 (4) Claims or suits at Common Law for the loss of services 
 of wives and minors. 
 
 21. CODES. 
 
 Every company reporting to the Bureau must use the codes 
 adopted by the Statistical Committee. These codes and the fields 
 on die punched cards to which they apply are as follows: 
 
 1 . State Code State field. 
 
 2. Manual Classifications Code Classification field. 
 
 3. Per Cent of Impairment Code . . . Per Cent Impairment field. 
 
 4. Cause of Injury Code: 
 
 (a) Manner of Occurrence Code. Manner of Occurrence column 
 
 (b) Working Machine Code. . . .Cause of Injury field. 
 
 (c) Causes other than Working 
 
 Machines Cause of Injury field. 
 
 5. Nature of Injury Code: 
 
 (a) Nature of Injury (fracture, 1st Column of Nature of 
 etc.) Injury field. 
 
 (b) Location of Injury (leg, Next two columns of Nature 
 etc) of Injury field. 
 
 6. Occupation Diseases Code Nature of Injury field. 
 
 7. Kind of Injury Column "Kind of Injury." 
 
 8. Kind of Pajrment Compensation Incurred field — 
 
 (a) Non-Fatal cases first two columns headed 
 
 (b) Fatal cases "Kind of Payment." 
 
22. SYMBOLS FOR COMPANIES. 
 
 As the Bureau cards are printed from plates upon which only 
 the Bureau name appears and as it is desirable to preserve the iden- 
 tity of each company's experience the following system has been 
 devised for designating the different companies by sjrmbols: 
 
 Above the heading "Designating Number" at the extreme left- 
 hand comer of the cards appear six numbers arremged in the fol- 
 lowing figure: 
 
 1 3 5 
 
 2 4 6 
 
 Upon application to the Statistician of the Bureau, each com- 
 pany will secure a code number by which it will be known for the 
 purpose of this plan. These code numbers will be composed of a 
 combination of one or more of the six digits. For example an ap- 
 plying company may be assigned code number 1 4. 
 
 This company would then punch positions I and 4 in the dia- 
 gram and leave the remaining positions unpunched. 
 
 23. OCCASIONS REQUIRING MORE THAN ONE CARD TO RE- 
 
 PORT A SINGLE ACCIDENT. 
 
 (a) Let us consider a case of dismemberment on which these 
 various payments have been made or are estimated to be pay- 
 able — ^Medical, Temporary Total, Specific Dismemberment, Disfig- 
 urement, and Permanent Partial on account of impairment of earning 
 power. To conform to the requirements of the plan, four cards 
 must be punched to properly report this case — one for each kind of 
 benefit paid. (Medical will be reported on a card containing one 
 of the benefits, as hereinafter described). 
 
 (b) On one of the cards will be punched the amount of Tem- 
 porary Total payment (indicating that the payment is such by 
 punching the proper symbol in the sub-column "Kind of Payment" 
 in Compensation Incurred field), the duration of pasrments plus the 
 waiting period, the proper ssrmbol in the "Kind of Injury" column to 
 designate the injury as Dismemberment, the amount of the MedicaK 
 and the digit 1 in the Counter columns to indicate the case as tabu- 
 latable, medical, and compensable. 
 
 (c) Since the medical pajrment has already been recorded and^ 
 the case counted as an accident by punching the Counter digits oie 
 Temporary Total card, it follows that this information should not 
 be punched on any of the other cards. 
 
 (d) On another card will be punched the amount of the Per- 
 manent Partial pajrments and the duration of such payments with 
 the proper symbol in the Kind of Injury column to indicate that the 
 Permanent Partial payment is in connection with a case of dismem- 
 berment. 
 
(e) The procedure with reference to Permanent Partial pay- 
 ments is to be followed in reporting on the other two cards the pay- 
 ments respectively of Specific Dismemberment and Disfigurement 
 benefits, with the single exception of duration, which information 
 is not required for such payments. 
 
 (f) Of course, it is understood that all the other information 
 pertzdning to the accident, such as the Designating Number, State, 
 Year of Issue, Classification, etc., must be punched on all four 
 cards alike. It is particularly desired to emphasize the fact that 
 the symbol to designate the injury as Dismemberment must be 
 punched on each one of the four cards. 
 
 (g) The above instructions apply both to open and closed cases. 
 
 24. ADDITIONAL OR CHANGED INFORMATION ON ACCIDENTS. 
 
 (a) Additional or changed information on closed cases ob- 
 tained after the first information pertaining to an accident has been 
 reported to the Bureau will be reported as follow^s: 
 
 For convenience of reference the developments of previously 
 reported experience may be divided into 5 classes: 
 
 1 . Additional payments with original information unchanged. 
 
 2. Additional payments with changed information. 
 
 3. Changed information with no additional payments. 
 
 4. Reopened cases. 
 
 5. Absolutely new cases, i. e., cases for which no accident in- 
 
 formation has been sent to the Bureau. 
 
 (b) In cases 1, 2, 3 and 4, it is first necessary to eliminate or 
 subtract the accident and all of the information pertaining to it 
 from the records at the Bureau. This is accomplished by punch- 
 ing a "Contra" card in such a manner as to exactly duplicate the 
 information contained in the original "positive" card, including 
 digit 1 in the Counter columns. The accident is then treated as a. 
 new case and the revised experience is punched on a new Incurred 
 Loss card. In order that the accident may be counted again, the 
 digit 1 in the Counter columns must be punched on the new card^ 
 because the "Contra" card eliminated the-accident. 
 
 (c) With reference to 5, a "positive" card will be punched for 
 each such accident. The digit 1 will be punched in the proper 
 Counter columns so that the cases will be counted as accidents. 
 
 25. METHOD OF PRO-RATING MINIMUM PREMIUMS. 
 
 (a) In the case of a minimum premium policy where there are 
 several classifications with estimated payroll, it is recommended 
 that the minimum premium be apportioned as follows: 
 
 10 
 
It is understood that in each policy there will be a governing 
 classification. Compute the premium for all minor classifications 
 on the basis of the estimated payroll and the proper rate and allo- 
 cate the remainder of the minimum premium to the governing classi- 
 fication. This is illustrated in the following example of a risk with 
 four classifications and a minimum premium of $50.00. 
 
 Premium Apportionment 
 Classifica- Estimated Without of Minimum 
 
 tion Payroll Rate Limit Premium 
 
 1 $1500 $41 
 
 2 100 $2.00 2 2 
 
 3 100 3.00 3 3 
 
 4 100 4.00 4 4 
 
 $9 $50 
 
 ($50— $9=$41) 
 
 Classification No. 1 is the governing classification. The pre- 
 mium for each of the three minor classifications is obtained by ap- 
 plying manual rates to the estimated payroll. The sum of these 
 is nine dollars. The remaining forty-one dollars is then allo- 
 cated to the governing classification. 
 
 26. CHAUFFEURS' COMPENSATION POLICIES. 
 
 Whenever a chauffeur is covered by a Chauffeurs' compensation 
 policy vsrhich is written in a non-compensation state the premium 
 should be charged to the nearest compensation state. For ex- 
 ample: If a policy of this character is written in Missouri to cover 
 wherever the chauffeur travels, the premium should be charged to 
 Illinois, the nearest compensation state. 
 
 27. AMOUNT AND DURATION OF PAYMENTS TO BE REPORTED. 
 
 In each case the amount of compensation to be reported should 
 be the actual amount of compensation paid and the duration of in- 
 jury to be reported should be the actual duration of time during 
 which compensation has been paid, plus the waiting period if it re- 
 lates to Temporary Total disability. If, for example, an employee 
 is entitled to receive a specific indemnity for two hundred (200) 
 weeks, and dies of natural causes before the expiration of this pe- 
 riod of time, leaving no person or persons entitled to receive the re- 
 mainder of the compensation, the amount of compensation to be 
 reported should be the actual amount paid to deceased. The Bu- 
 reau is interested in determining the exact cost of the different 
 kinds of benefits. Consequently, it desires data respecting the ac- 
 tual payments made and not the theoretical payments required un- 
 der each kind of benefit. 
 
 11 
 
SECTION 2 
 
 INCURRED LOSS CARD— CLOSED AND OPEN CASES 
 Instructions for Analyzing and Punching 
 
 28. "DESIGNATING NUMBER" FIELD. 
 
 The first field on the card is "Designating Number." In this 
 field may be punched the accident number, claim number, or any 
 other designating number an individual company may use. By 
 numbering the cards the Company will be able to locate readily 
 any card which requires repunching. In general, this system will 
 assist both the Company and the Bureau in the revision or correc- 
 tion of the records. 
 
 29. "STATE" HELD. 
 
 (a) The next field is headed "State." In this field will be 
 punched the state to which the accident is referable, and this 'will 
 be the state to which the policy covering the accident is charged. 
 
 (b) If an accident is extra-territorial, that is, if it occurs outside 
 the territorial limits of the state where the contract of hire was 
 made, the state to be punched in the field shall be that in 'which the 
 contract of hire was made and under 'whose compensation act the 
 claim was adjusted. 
 
 30. "ISSUE" FIELD. 
 
 The next field is headed "Yr. of Issue" which is an abbrevia- 
 tion of the heading "Year of Issue of Policy." In the field will be 
 punched the year of issue of the policy under which the accident 
 is covered. 
 
 31. "CLASSIFICATION" HELD. 
 
 The next field is headed "Classification." The classification 
 code numbers will be found in the Basic Manual, and in the Bu- 
 reau "Manual Classifications Code." The numbers appear in the 
 Basic Manual in the first column to the right of the classification. 
 For instance, the classification code symbol for "Absorbent Cotton 
 Mfg." is 4690, and for "Acetylene Gas Machine Mfg." 3522. 
 These classification code numbers, and no others, must be used for 
 punching this field. 
 
 32. "ACCIDENT DATE" HELD. 
 
 The next is the "Accident Date" field, in which will be punched 
 the year and the month in which the accident occurred. 
 
 12 
 
33. "SEX" AND "PER CENT OF IMPAIRMENT" FIELD. 
 
 (a) The letter M and F appearing above the column of digits 
 will be punched to denote male or female. For the remainder of 
 this field : 
 
 (b) If T be punched it denotes Total Disability. 
 
 impairment of 10% or less 
 "11 % to 20% 
 •• 21% •' 30% 
 ■ 31% " 40% 
 
 •• 1 
 
 •• 2 
 
 '■ 3 
 
 " 4 
 
 • 5 
 
 " 6 
 
 ■• 7 
 
 " 8 
 
 •* 9 
 
 " 41% '• 50% 
 
 ■' 51% " 60% 
 
 '• 61% •• 70% 
 
 '■ 71% •• 80% 
 
 •• 81% " 90% 
 
 (c) Any percentage of impairment over 90% \yill be consid- 
 ered Total Disability. 
 
 (d) The "Per Cent of Impairment" field applies only to cases 
 where compensation is based upon temporary or permanent impair- 
 ment of earning power as a consequence of dismemberment, loss 
 of use, etc. It is to be punched only in connection with Permanent 
 Total, Permanent Partial and Temporairy Partial disabilities. 
 
 (e) The following method should be used to ascertain the de- 
 gree of disability (percentage of impairment) in cases of dismem- 
 berment or loss of use: 
 
 ( 1 ) In states where an additional benefit is payable for 
 partial disability following dismemberment, the degree of par- 
 tial disability shall be ascertained on the basis of the differ- 
 ence in wages paid before the injury and after return to work. 
 To illustrate: Suppose the injured received $15.00 per week 
 before the accident and $10.00 per week after his return to 
 work. The per cent of his impairment is determined by divid- 
 ing the amount of the difference in wages by the amount he 
 received before the injury (5 divided by 15 or 33%). This 
 method of calculation is to be applied in all cases of partial 
 disability compensated by the payment of a percentage of the 
 weekly loss in wages. 
 
 (2) In states where dismemberments are compensated on 
 a basis of degree of disability either by means of a definite 
 schedule or by specific awards as in California, such awards shall 
 be used for determining the degree of partial disability. 
 
 (f) The "Per Cent of Impairment" field is not to be punched 
 for dismemberment or loss of use cases compensated in accord- 
 ance with a specific dismemberment schedule, as this method of 
 payment makes it impossible to ascertain the degree of impairment. 
 
 (g) Where the earning capacity of a partially disabled work- 
 mam fluctuates, and where consequently the amount of Temporary 
 
 13 
 
Partial or Permanent Partial benefit varies from time to time, do 
 not report the various degrees of impairment, but instead deter- 
 mine the average degree of impairment in accordance with the 
 method outlined below. 
 
 1. Weekly wages before accident, $15. 
 
 2. Wages earned while partially disabled: 10 weeks at 
 $5=$50; 5 weeks at $8=$40; 5 weeks at $10=$50; total for 
 20 weeks, $140. 
 
 3. Amount would have earned during the 20 weeks at 
 regular wages of $15==$300. 
 
 4. $300 — $140 earned=$160 or loss in wages. 
 
 5. 1 60-:-300=53% or the average degree of impairment. 
 
 34. "AGE" FIELD. 
 
 The information to be punched in this field shall be the actual 
 age of the injured workman at the time of accident. 
 
 35. "CAUSE OF INJURY" FIELD. 
 
 (a) This field is divided into two parts — one consisting - of a 
 single column of digits to the left of the dotted line and headed 
 "Manner of Occurrence" ; the other consisting of three columns 
 of digits to the right of the dotted line. The letters X and Y which 
 appear above the first column of digits to the right of the dotted line 
 are to be punched to designate whether the cause of the machine 
 accident was contributed to by loose clothing or failure to use 
 guards. 
 
 (b) Both divisions of this field are required to properly code 
 the cause of a working machine accident. In the first part of the 
 field will be stated the manner of occurrence of the machine acci- 
 dent; in the second part will be punched the code for the machine 
 causing the accident. 
 
 (c) The code for causes other than working machines will be 
 punched in the division of the field consisting of three columns of 
 digits. 
 
 (d) When punching cards, use the "Y" key to skip the Manner 
 of Occurrence column if the accident is not caused by a working 
 machine. 
 
 (e) The Cause of Injury code, which is to be used in connection 
 with this field, consists of three parts, namely: 
 
 ( 1 ) Working Machines. 
 
 (2) Manner of Occurrence in connection with working ma- 
 
 chines. 
 
 (3) Causes other than working machines. 
 
 The first two codes apply to accidents caused by working ma- 
 chines; the last one to accidents due to other causes. 
 
 14 
 
(f) How to Decide Whether an Accident is Due to "Working 
 Machine." In general, a working machine accident is one which 
 arises out of, or is contributed to by, the actual operation or 
 by the moving parts of a machine used for some part or all of 
 the process required to convert raw material into the finished 
 product. For the purpose of this rule accidents incident to or aris- 
 ing out of the operation of conveyors, hoists, elevators, steam en- 
 gines and other power generating machinery shall not be considered 
 working machine accidents. Neither shall bumping into or slip- 
 ping and striking against the corner or side of a machine be classi- 
 fied as a working machine accident. 
 
 36. "NATURE OF INJURY" FIELD. 
 
 (a) This field is divided into two parts — one containing a col- 
 umn of digits to the left of the dotted line, and the other, two 
 columns of digits to the right of the dotted line. TTie letters L and 
 R appear above the first column of digits. 
 
 (b) The Nature of Injury code which is to be used in connec- 
 tion with this field consists of two parts: 
 
 ( 1 ) Symbols indicating the nature of injury. 
 
 (2) Symbols indicating the parts of body. 
 
 In the first column of digits will be punched the nature of the 
 injury as per code — such as amputation, fracture, stiffness, etc. In 
 the two columns to the right of dotted line will be punched the 
 part of body affected by the injury. 
 
 (c) The letter L shall be punched to denote an injury to a mem- 
 ber on the left side of body, and letter R to denote an injury to a 
 member on the right side. 
 
 (d) Occupational diseases shall be reported in this field in ac-" 
 cordance with the Occupational Disease Code. This code shall 
 be used as follows: The digit O shall be punched in the column 
 of digits to the left of the dotted line to indicate the fact that the 
 injury is an occupational disease, and the name of the disease shall 
 be entered in the space where the symbols for parts of body are 
 punched. 
 
 (e) Occupational diseases are not to be reported in states where 
 it has been decided that occupational diseases are not covered. 
 
 (f) In reporting cases of multiple amputations in combinations 
 not covered by the code, proceed in the following manner: 
 
 ( 1 ) Punch digit 1 (Loss or Amputation) in column to the 
 left of dotted line and digits 94 (multiple injuries) in column 
 to the right of dotted line. 
 
 (2) Write in ink on face of card the parts amputated. 
 
 (g) In the case of minor multiple injuries, the method of pro- 
 cedure outlined in (f2) need not be followed. For instance, an 
 
 injury consisting of lacerations and contusions of chest, head and 
 
 15 
 
arms may be reported as 594 (lacerations — multiple). In follow- 
 ing this suggestion good judgment should be used to indicate defi- 
 nitely the nature of injury which appears to be the most severe. 
 Refrain as far as possible from using the S3rmbol 9 (all others), for 
 the value of the experience will be greatly increased if there is some 
 indication of the nature of the injury. 
 
 (h) In the case of eye injuries, use symbol 9 (all others) to 
 describe the nature of injury. This applies to all eye injuries ex- 
 cept enucleation and loss of use, in which case use respectively 1 
 (amputation) and 3 (loss of function). TTie use of "9" in con- 
 nection with the eye will be interpreted by the Bureau as "Injuries 
 to Eye." 
 
 37. "WEEKLY WAGE" HELD. 
 
 (a) No space has been provided in this field for reporting frac- 
 tions of a dollar. Count as one dollar ($1 ) all fractions of a dol- 
 lar if fifty cents or more, rejecting the cents if less than fifty cents. 
 
 (b) By weekly wage shall be meant the amount the injured 
 was regularly receiving, and not the average weekly wage upon which 
 the compensation is generally based. 
 
 38. COUNTER COLUMNS. 
 
 (a) Tliree columns of digits are provided in this field headed 
 respectively Tabulatable, Medical, and Compensable. 
 
 (b) If the accident is compensable, punch digit 1 both in the 
 Tabulatable and Compensable columns; and if any medical has been 
 paid on the case, punch digit 1 also in the Medical column. (See 
 Rule 12 for definition of compensable accident). 
 
 (c) If the accident is tabulatable, but not compensable, punch 
 digit 1 in the Tabulatable column and digit in the Compensable 
 column. If medical has been incurred on the case, digit I should 
 also be punched in the Medical column, but if not, digit 0. (See 
 Rule 9 for definition of tabulatable accident). 
 
 (d) In the case of a non-tabulatable accident where medical 
 has been incurred, punch digit both in the Compensable and 
 Tabulatable columns and digit 1 in the Medical column. 
 
 (e) Important. If two or more cards are punched for a 
 single accident, either at the time of the first report to the Bureau 
 or subsequently, care should be exercised not to punch the Counter 
 digits on more than one of the cards. Otherwise the machine will 
 record such information on the other cards as additional accidents, 
 with the result that the Bureau's tabulation will account for more 
 accidents than actually occurred. 
 
 16 
 
39. "MEDICAL INCURRED" FIELD, 
 
 (a) The sum of all medical payments and the amount out- 
 standing in connection with any case shall be punched in this field. 
 This applies both to tabulatable and non-tabulatable accidents. 
 
 (b) If the sum of medical payments in any one case is more 
 than $999, an additional card will be punched for the excess 
 amount, but only one of the cards will be counted as a medical, 
 tabulatable or compensable case. In other VNTords, the necessary 
 Counter digits will be punched on one card only, if the accident is 
 to be counted by reason of its being tabulatable, compensable or 
 medical. 
 
 40. "KIND OF INJURY" FIELD. 
 
 (a) In this field shall be punched the symbol indicating the 
 group to which the injury has been assigned in accordance 'with the 
 code entitled "Kind of Injury." 
 
 (b) For instructions on proper classification of injuries as to 
 "Kind," see Section 7 entitled "Distinction between 'Kind of Injury' 
 
 and 'Kind of Payment'." 
 
 r 
 
 41. "DURATION OF INJURY" FIELD. 
 
 (a) This field is divided into two parts — one entitled "Weeks" 
 which consists of three columns of digits and the other "Days," 
 consisting of one column of digits. 
 
 (b) In this field shall be punched the duration of the injured 
 workman's disability expressed in terms of weeks if over six days. 
 The duration should be determined by counting every day, not ex- 
 cepting Sundays and holidays, beginning with the day of injury to 
 but not including the day of return to work and dividing the result 
 by seven to reduce the days to weeks. Do not use the method of 
 considering only the number of working days and then dividing by 
 five and a half or six. The days numbering less than a week will 
 be entered in "Days" column, counting as a day the loss of half or 
 a larger portion of a working day. 
 
 (c) Duration of disability shall be reported in the following 
 cases: Temporary total disability; Permanent and Temporary 
 Partial disability where payments are based on loss of earning 
 power; Temporary Total disability payments in connection with 
 dismemberments and other permanent injuries. 
 
 (d) The duration of disability or payment will not be required 
 in cases of death, permanent total disability, or permanent partial 
 disability when compensated in accordance with a specific dismem- 
 berment schedule. 
 
 (e) The duration of temporary total disability in cases where 
 the disability extends beyond the waiting period is the duration of 
 payment for such disability plus the waiting period. 
 
 17 
 
(f) The duration of partial disability shall be determined and 
 reported as follows: 
 
 ( 1 ) If the partial disability commences on the day of in- 
 jury and extends beyond the waiting period, the duration of the 
 disability is the duration of payments for such disability plus 
 the waiting period. 
 
 (2) If the partial disability is preceded by temporary total 
 disability, the duration of partial disability must be reported on 
 one card and that of total disability on another card. 
 
 (g) Important. If an injury results in more than one kind 
 of disability — that is, if the disability is first Temporary Total 
 and then Temporary Partial or Permanent Partial, the duration of 
 the various disabilities must be reported on separate cards. This 
 rule should be applied jointly with Rule 23. See also Rule 38 for 
 instructions regarding the punching of the Counter columns in such 
 cases. 
 
 42, "COMPENSATION INCURRED" FIELD. 
 
 (a) In the column "Kind of Payment" will be entered the in- 
 formation in accordance with the code entitled "Kind of Payment" 
 to indicate the kind of disability compensated by the amount en- 
 tered in Compensation Incurred column. 
 
 (b) If the digit 9 is punched in column "Kind of Payment," it 
 will mean that anything in the Compensation Incurred column is 
 the amount of damages incurred under a "Liability" settlement, 
 and anything in Medical Incurred field is the cost of the first aid 
 or medical treatment in connection with such settlement. (Rule 
 20 defines Liability Settlement). 
 
 (c) Lump Sum Payment, as defined below in (d), will be 
 designated by punching the letters LP above the first column of 
 digits in "Kind of Payment" column, and Lump Sum Settlement, 
 as defined in (e), by punching the letters LS (position Y) imme- 
 diately above the letters LP- Of course, information in regard to 
 the kind of disability so compensated must also be punched in ac- 
 cordance with Rule 42a. 
 
 (d) A Lump Sum Payment is a payment made in strict accord- 
 ance with the provisions of a compensation act. These payments 
 represent in each case the present value of a definitely known series 
 of future installments, whetfier discounted or not. 
 
 (e) A Lump Sum Settlement is a payment to discharge a liabil- 
 ity for the payment of compensation that is not made in strict ac- 
 cordance with the provisions of a workman's compensation act. 
 Payments of this character do not represent the present value of 
 a definite number of future installments, but rather the settlement 
 for an agreed sum, of cases where the fact of injury is questionable 
 or where the extent and future duration of disability cannot be deter- 
 mined and an immediate settlement is desired. 
 
 18 
 
(f) Note: — The payment in one sum of weekly benefits which, 
 for any reason, have been deferred until the entire amount due the 
 injured to date has accrued and become due, does not constitute 
 a Lump Sum Payment nor a Lump Sum Settlement. Such pay- 
 ments shall be treated the same as if they were periodical payments. 
 
 (g) The following procedure shall apply where future install- 
 ments are commuted to a lump sum after a part of the compensa- 
 tion due the injured has been paid in weekly installments: 
 
 ( 1 ) If the commuted period represents a considerable pe- 
 riod of time and constitutes at least 35% of the total compens- 
 able period, add the lump sum to the periodical payments and 
 report the entire amount as a Lump Sum Payment. This, of 
 course, applies when dealing with the payment of only one kind 
 of benefit. 
 
 (2) When two kinds of benefit are involved, as for example, 
 temporary total and specific dismemberment, and all of tem- 
 porary total benefit has been paid in weekly installments, report 
 temporary payments separately as weekly payments and apply 
 the above rule strictly with reference to the duration and the 
 amount of the dismemberment benefit. 
 
 SECTION 3— OUTSTANDING CASES. 
 
 43. ANALYSIS. 
 
 (a) All accidents, whether fatal or non-fatal, which are still 
 outstanding on the date as of which the experience is to be reported 
 shall be analyzed in the same manner as closed cases. 
 
 (b) The punch card for reporting cases which are still outstand- 
 ing on the date as of which the experience is to be reported is ex- 
 actly the same electrotjrpe as the card for closed cases, the only 
 difference being that it is of brown color instead of green, and 
 that the upper right hand corner is cut instead of the upper left 
 hand corner. 
 
 44. LOSSES. 
 
 The losses to be punched on outstanding cases shall be the total 
 incurred loss and not the outstanding amount; that is, the sum total 
 of the amounts paid and outstanding. 
 
 45. DURATION OF DISABIUTY. 
 
 The period of disability to be punched on outstanding cases, if 
 the disability is such as to require a report of duration, shall be the 
 total estimated duration of disability and not the compensated 
 period. 
 
 19 
 
46. YEARLY REVISION OF EXPERIENCE ON OUTSTANDING 
 CASES. 
 
 (a) No contra entry cards will be used in connection with out- 
 standing cases as the yearly revision of accident experience will be 
 handled in the following manner: 
 
 (b) After compiling, for example, the experience for 1917 
 year of issue reported as of December 31, 1918, the Bureau will 
 remove and set aside the cards for outstanding cases. It will also 
 subtract these cases from the various tabulations and thus prepare 
 the records for the inclusion of developments as of December 31, 
 1919. 
 
 (c) A case reported as outstanding at the end of 1918, and 
 which is closed during 1919, shall be treated by the company as an 
 ordinary closed case. This means that an Incurred Loss green card 
 should be punched and sent to the Bureau at the designated time 
 for reporting developments. It should be borne in mind that the 
 counter columns must again be punched on this card, despite the 
 fact that they were punched on the brown card originally reported 
 for the case. 
 
 (d) For a case chargeable to policy year 1917 which is still 
 open on December 31, 1919, a new^ "Incurred Loss" brown card 
 shall be punched on v^hich shall be recorded the incurred loss as 
 of December 31, 1919. TTie proper counter columns shall likewise 
 be punched in these cases. 
 
 SECTION 4 — EXPOSURE CARD. 
 
 47. SORTING FIELDS ON EXPOSURE CARDS. 
 
 It will be noted that the fields entitled "State," "Year of Issue" 
 and "Classification" appear on this card. By means of these fields 
 the accident experience in a given classification for a particular year 
 and state can be related to the exposure for that classification, year 
 and state. 
 
 The experience as to the exposure is to be reported in the fields 
 entitled Payroll, Rebate Payroll, Premium, and Rebate Premium. 
 
 48. PAYROLL AND PREMIUM FIELDS. 
 
 In the Payroll and Premium fields shall be punched respectively 
 all payrolls and all premiums irrespective of whether audited or 
 not, including additional wages and additional premiums. A de- 
 tzuled description of the methods to be followed in punching expo- 
 sure experience will be found in Rule 4. 
 
 20 
 
49. REBATE PAYROLL AND REBATE PREMIUM FIELDS. 
 
 (a) The fields "Rebate Premium" and "Rebate Payroll" are 
 ror^ return premiums and reductions in the wage expenditure upon 
 which they are based. These fields were provided in order to 
 avoid the use of Contra cards in connection with exposure ex- 
 perience. 
 
 (b) Rebate fields will not be used when experience is first re- 
 ported to the Bureau. It may happen, however, that in reporting 
 exposure developments after the time of the first report to the Bu- 
 reau, that a net figure will develop which will show a decrease in 
 wages or in premium for a classification (if the company reports by 
 classifications) or for a policy (if the company reports by policies). 
 In such cases the Rebate fields are to be used to report the amount 
 of reduction (not the reduced amount) in wages or premiums or 
 both. 
 
 SECTION 5— CONTRA CARD. 
 
 50. PURPOSE OF CONTRA CARD. 
 
 Tliis card is to be used for correcting information on accidents 
 previously reported to the Bureau on "Incurred Loss" green cards. 
 The contra card is exactly the same electrotjrpe as the Incurred 
 Loss — Closed Case card except that the color is red instead of 
 green, in order that the entries on these cards may be distinguish- 
 able as reverse or contra entries. Entries on contra cards mean 
 that they are to be subtracted from the tabulation of positive cards. 
 
 51. WHEN TO USE CONTRA CARD. 
 
 (a) When an accident which has been reported to the Bureau 
 is to be eliminated entirely, punch digit I in the appropriate Coun- 
 ter columns on the contra card and punch in the other fields the 
 same information which was reported on the original card. 
 
 (b) To correct any part of the information on an accident, it is 
 first necessary to cancel all of the information on the original card, 
 which is done by the method described in the paragraph immedi- 
 ately preceding. Then punch a new Incurred Loss green card. . In 
 order that the case be counted again, digit 1 must be punched in 
 the necessary Counter columns. 
 
 21 
 
SECTION 6-^PECIAL ANALYSIS OF FATAL CASES. 
 
 52. COMPANIES TO PUNCH FATAL CARDS. 
 
 In accordance with the resolution adopted by the Sub-Com- 
 mittee on Bureau Compensation Plan, the companies are not only 
 required to punch cards for fatal accidents, but also to supply in- 
 formation in the fullest detail on special report cards, form W. C. 
 1082. 
 
 53. FIELDS TO WHICH RULES FOR SIMILAR FIELDS ON PUNCH 
 
 CARDS APPLY. 
 
 The rules vrhich apply to punch cards as respects the fields enu- 
 merated below shall govern the same fields oh the special analysis 
 card. 
 
 Designating No. Accident Date Cause of Injury 
 
 State Sex Weekly Wage 
 
 Year of Issue Age 
 
 Classification Medical Incurred 
 
 The information to be entered in the remaining fields shall be 
 handled in accordance with the following rules: 
 
 54. "MARITAL STATE" FIELD. 
 
 The conjugal condition of the deceased workman shall be de- 
 noted by checking off one of the following: Married, Single, 
 Widowed, Divorced, Separated, Unknown. 
 
 55. "DEPENDENTS" HELD. 
 
 (a) In this field shall be entered the number of persons de- 
 pendent upon the earnings of the deceased employee for support 
 at the time of the accident, as determined by investigation and ap- 
 pearing in the records of the case. In conformity with the statisti- 
 cal requirements, the field is subdivided into four parts for the dis- 
 tribution of dependents to four general groups, i.e.. Widows (in- 
 cluding Widowers), Children, Other Total Dependents, and Partial 
 Dependents. 
 
 (b) For the purpose of this Flan, the following persons shall 
 be considered dependents and reported as such notwithstanding 
 other provisions in some Acts to the contrary: ( 1 ) Surviving 
 widow (or widower) and all children under 1 8 years of age (or 
 over such age, if incapacitated from earning), step-children, post- 
 humous children and illegitimate children to be included as children; 
 (2) All persons other than widow and children, actually dependent, 
 
 22 
 
wholly or in part, regardless of whether they are entitled to bene- 
 fits or not; (3) Surviving parents, whether dependent or not, in all 
 cases where the victim of the fatal accident is under 2 1 years of age. 
 
 (c) Column "Spouse." If a spouse survive deceased, digit 1 
 shall be entered in this column, indicating whether husband or wife 
 by letter H or W. For the purpose of this Plan a widower, whether 
 dependent or not, shall be considered dependent in all cases. 
 
 (d) Column "Children." The proper digit shall be entered 
 in this column to represent the number of children under 1 8 years 
 of age surviving the deceased employee, including those over such 
 age who are mentally or physically disabled from earning. 
 
 (e) Column "Other Total Dependents." The proper digit 
 shall be entered in this column to represent the number of de- 
 pendents other than spouse and children, wholly dependent upon 
 deceased at the time of accident, regardless of whether they are 
 entitled to benefits or not. 
 
 (f) Column "Partial Dependents." The proper digit shall 
 be entered in this column to represent the number of depend- 
 ents, other than spouse and children, who are partially dependent 
 upon deceased at the time of accident, regardless of whether they 
 are entitled to benefits or not. 
 
 56. "DURATION OF PAYMENT." 
 
 (a) In this field shall be entered the number of weeks during 
 which payments were made to or on account of beneficiaries indi- 
 cated in "Kind of Payment" column. 
 
 (b) If the case was settled for a lump sum or the death benefit is 
 commuted to a lump sum payment, care should be taken in these 
 cases to enter the letters LS or LP. 
 
 (c) In all cases where lump sum settlements or payments are 
 made a detailed statement of the conditions under which these pay- 
 ments were made should be stated in the space provided for re- 
 marks. This statement should indicate: 
 
 1 . Whether settlement or payment was approved by Indus- 
 trial Accident Board or Commission. 
 
 2. Reasons for making such payment or settlement from 
 the standpoint of company or injured person. 
 
 3. In cases of lump sum payment: 
 
 (a) Period of commutation expressed in weeks, that is, the 
 period payments would have continued had lump sum payment 
 not been made. 
 
 (b) Effective rate of interest. 
 
 (c) Table of mortality used. 
 
 2S 
 
57. "COMPENSATION PAID" FIELD. 
 
 (a) This field, as in the case of punch cards, is divided into 
 two parts, the headings of which are "Kind of Payment" and "Com- 
 pensation Paid." 
 
 (b) "Kind of Payment" column. In the paragraph imme- 
 diately following code numbers are given for the analysis of death 
 losses. The designation of the various symbols in themselves sug- 
 gest the basis for the segregation of losses. In no case shall pay- 
 ments made to surviving dependents be allocated on the basis of 
 distribution ordered by the Industrial Board or Court; in all cases 
 they shall be allocated strictly in accordance with the following 
 rules: 
 
 (c) The total of payments made on account of dependency of 
 a widow (or widower) alone, or on account of widow (or widow^er) 
 and children, shall be charged to "06-Pension to Widow." The 
 total payments made on account of dependency of a child or chil- 
 dren where no widow (or dependent widower) survives, shall be 
 charged to "03-Pension to Children." Where neither widow nor 
 children survive, the entire amount of the benefits paid on account 
 of any dependent or dependents wholly dependent shall be charged 
 to "04-Other Total Dependents." In no case shall any part of the 
 benefits paid be allocated to "05-Partial Dependents," where at 
 least one beneficiary is wholly dependent. 
 
 (d) Rule (c) applies to all Compensation States except as fol- 
 lows: Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ore- 
 gon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington and Wyoming. 
 
 The explanation for this rule will be found in the fact that all 
 compensation states with the exceptions noted provide practically 
 the same general method of payment, which is this: 
 
 The number of beneficiaries does not affect the amount to be 
 paid. TTie same percentage of the weekly wage (50 or 65 or 
 66-2/3%, depending upon the state) is paid for a definite period in 
 the case of one beneficiary as in that of two or more beneficiaries. 
 Thus a widow with five children in the State of Connecticut will get 
 no more than a widow with no children at all, everything else, of 
 course, being equal. 
 
 In these States the existence of a widow eliminates all other de- 
 pendents from participation in the benefits. The children of a de- 
 ceased workman, where no ■widow survives, become the sole bene- 
 ficiaries. Dependents other than widow and children are entitled 
 to benefits only when no widow and children survive. Partial de- 
 pendents are entitled to benefits when none totally dependent sur- 
 vives the deceased. 
 
 Note: For the sake of simplicity the rules regarding allocation 
 of payments in the States of Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New 
 Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington 
 
 24 
 
and Wyoming cover cases where the beneficiaries are the widow 
 alone, widow with children, or children alone. 
 
 (e) Method of Allocation in Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. 
 In these three States a flat amount per month is allowed for a widow 
 and an additional amount for each surviving child. Where a widow 
 and children are the sole beneficiaries, the amount of the benefit in 
 excess of that which the widow is entitled to shall be changed to 
 "03-Pension to Children." 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Oregon — Widow $30.00 per month; for each child $6.00 a 
 month additional; total not to exceed $50.00 per month. 
 
 Washington — ^Widow $20.00 per month; for each child 
 $5.00 a month additional; total not to exceed $35.00 per month. 
 
 Wyoming — ^Widow $1,000 in a lump sum (irrespective of 
 wages earned by deceased) ; for each child in addition the pres- 
 ent worth of $60.00 payable until 16 years of age, the aggre- 
 gate to children not to exceed $1,000. 
 
 (f) Method of Allocation in New York, Pennsylvania and Ver- 
 mont. In these states the benefit to a widow is a certain percentage 
 of the wages .with definite maximum and minimum limits as to 
 wages. In the case of a widow with children the percentage of 
 wages is progressively increased with the number of children the 
 widow has. The method of allocating the death benefit in the 
 above states can best be explained by means of an example in the 
 State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Deceased earned $35 per w^eek and left a widow with five 
 children. The widow with five children is entitled to 60% of 
 $20.00 (maximum wage allow^ance) or $12.00. 
 
 The widow alone is entitled to 40% of $20.00 or $8.00. 
 The difference (or $4.00) to be allocated to "03-Pension to 
 Children." 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 New York — Wages not taken at more than $1 00.00. (No 
 minimum wage provision). Widow alone 30% of wage; for 
 each child 10% additional, the aggregate not to exceed 
 66-2/3% of wages. 
 
 Pennsylvania — Wages taken at not more than $20.00 and 
 not less than $10.00 a week. Widow alone 40%, widow and 
 child 45%, and so on up to 60% in the case of a widow with 
 four or more children. 
 
 Vermont — Wages taken at not more than $25.00 per week 
 and not less than five dollars. Widow alone 33-1/3% of wages, 
 increasing to 45% in case of widow with three or more children. 
 
 25 
 
(g) Method of Allocation in Louisiana and Minnesota — With 
 one exception these States provide practically the same method 
 for computing benefits as the States of New York, Pennsylvania 
 and Vermont. The exception is that instead of computing bene- 
 fits on the basis of wage limits, the percentages allowed the various 
 beneficiaries are applied to the actual wages and the resulting 
 amounts decreased if in excess of the maximum benefit allowance 
 or increased if below the minimum provision. Though this may 
 appear as a distinction without a difference, the latter method com- 
 plicates the problem of ascertaining the proper amounts chargeable 
 to Widows and Children, particularly if we deal with low and high 
 wages. 
 
 The following concrete examples for Minnesota will illustrate the 
 difference and at the same time point the way to the proper method 
 of allocating death benefits: 
 
 Example No. 1. Workman earning $9.00 per week leaves 
 a widow and two children. 
 
 Benefits Payable: 
 
 The widow is entided to 35% of $9.00 or $3. 1 5 per week. 
 
 The widow and children are entitled to 55% of $9.00 or 
 $4.95 per week. 
 
 The law, however, provides that the minimum benefit to 
 any one beneficiary totally dependent shall be not less than 
 $6.50 per week where the wage is $6.50 or more. It is there- 
 fore evident that were the wido'w the sole beneficiary, the cost 
 w^ould be $6.50 and that the presence of children in a case like 
 this adds nothing to the cost of compensation. 
 
 Example No. 2. Workman earning $35.00 per week leaves 
 a widow and tw^o children. 
 
 Benefits Payable: 
 
 The widow is entitled to 35% of $35.00 or $12.25 per week. 
 
 TTie widow and children are entitled to 55% of $35.00 or 
 $19.25 per week. 
 
 The law, however, limits compensation to a maximum of 
 $1 1.00 per week, which is less than the widow herself would be 
 entitled to in the above case had there been no maximum bene-- 
 flt provision. 
 
 It is thus seen that in cases of low and high wages the pres- 
 ence of children rarely affects the cost of compensation in these 
 states. 
 
 The foregoing considerations form the basis for the follow- 
 ing rule: 
 
 Whenever the presence of children does not alter the amount 
 of compensation which would have been payable to the widow 
 had there been no surviving children the entire amount shall 
 be charged to "06-Pension to Widow." 
 
 26 
 
(h) Method of Allocation in New Jersey. The rule pertaining 
 to Louisiana and Minnesota applies to this state as well. New Jer- 
 sey is given individual treatment owing to this condition: In pro- 
 viding the basis for computing death benefits the Act does not con- 
 sider dependents from the point of view of their relationship to the 
 deceased workman. Neither is the extent of their dependency taken 
 into account. All dependents are treated as persons and one per- 
 son is allowed 30% of wages, two persons 35%, etc. Where a 
 widow survives, the widow for the purpose of the plan shall in all 
 cases be considered as the person entitled to 30% of wages. In all 
 other respects the method outlined for Louisiana and Minnesota 
 shall apply. 
 
 58. "SPECIAL INFORMATION" FIELD. 
 
 (a) The information called for in this field shall be supplied in 
 conformity with the following illustration: 
 
 Relationship Age time Extent of Bene- Non-Res. Weekly Benefit 
 to -Deceased of Acc't. Dependency ficiary Alien ? % Wage Amount 
 
 Wife 40 Total Yes No 40% $8.00 
 
 Son 14 " •* •') 
 
 Daughter 12 " " ") 20% 4.00 
 
 Son 9 •' " '•) 
 
 Mother 62 Partial 5% No Yes 
 
 Father 67 
 
 Time elapsed between accident and death of injured 10 days 
 
 Time elapsed between accident and remarriage of widow. .22 Mos. 
 
 Was widow legally married to deceased Yes 
 
 Have dependents been located Yes 
 
 Time elapsed between acc't and death of beneficiary — 
 
 (son of 14) 2 Yrs. 3 Mos. 
 
 Occupational disease causing death Lead poisoning 
 
 Other remarks Daughter, cripple 
 
 (b) "Relationship to Deceased" Column. The number of de- 
 pendents listed in this column shall correspond to the number en- 
 tered in the "Dependents" field. 
 
 (c) "Age Time of Accident" Column. The age for each de- 
 pendent shall be that of the nearest birthday, if this can be ascer- 
 tained. 
 
 (d) "Extent of Dependency" Column. Where dependency is 
 shown as partial, the extent of the partial dependency, expressed 
 in percentages, shall also be given. The extent shall be determined 
 by dividing the amount of the average weekly contribution to the 
 support of each partial dependent by the average weekly wages of 
 the deceased workman. 
 
 27 
 
(e) "Beneficiary" column. Indicate for each dependent listed 
 by yes or no vrhether beneficiary or not. Beneficiaries mean such 
 of the surviving dependents of the deceased workman in whom 
 is vested the present right to receive payments under the Act. 
 
 (f) "Non-Resident Alien" column. Indicate for each de- 
 pendent listed by yes or no whether non-resident alien or not. The 
 name of the country need not be show^n except in the case of alien 
 dependents residing in Canada. 
 
 (g) "Weekly Benefit" column. The percentage of wages and 
 the amount of weekly benefit the widow is entitled to should al- 
 ways be stated separately. Ift the case of other beneficiaries state 
 this information for groups collectively, the groups to be considered 
 on broad lines of relationship, as for example, children, parents, etc. 
 
 28 
 
SECTION 7. 
 
 DISTINCTION BETWEEN "KIND OF INJURY" AND "KIND OF 
 
 PAYMENT." 
 
 The purpose of the "Kind of Injury" column is to classify all 
 accidents in accordance with their gravity. The nature of an in- 
 jury may be complex from the very beginning, or may change from 
 time to time. Nevertheless, each accident must be placed in a defi- 
 nite group according to the most predominant feature. 
 
 . The purpose of the "Kind of Payment" column is to analyze pay- 
 ments made. Many injuries call for more than one kind of pay- 
 ment, as for instance, dismemberment may call for temporary total 
 disability payments, then for specific dismemberment payments, and 
 for additional payments for either temporary or permanent partial 
 disability. 
 
 Some difficulty is created by the use of similar terms in both 
 columns. This is unavoidable, but is easily overcome if the dis- 
 tinction between an injury and the resulting disability is carefully 
 kept in mind. 
 
 Detailed instructions as to grouping of injuries and classification 
 of payments are given in the following rules: 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF INJURIES INTO GROUPS ACCORDING 
 
 TO GRAVITY. 
 (In Connection With "Kind of Injury" Column). 
 
 1. TEMPORARY TOTAL. 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury which totally dis- 
 ables the injured person from performing any work at any gainful 
 occupation without involving amputation or a permanent loss of any 
 function, but from which injury the recovery is so complete in time 
 that the workman is able to resume work in the same or other oc- 
 cupation and earn the same wages which he earned at the time of 
 accident. 
 
 To this group shall also be assigned every injury where the re- 
 sulting temporary total disability, as defined above, is followed by a 
 period of temporary partial disability described in the paragraph im- 
 mediately following.* 
 
 *Temporary partial disability is very infrequently the immediate result of 
 injuries: it is usually preceded by a period of temporary total disability. It is 
 evident that an injury resulting in both total and partial disability must be 
 designated either one or the other. Injuries first resulting in temporary total 
 disability, will, throughout, carry the designation "Temporary Total." The fact 
 that it was followed by temporary partial disability will be brought out by 
 means of "Kind of Compensation" column where the duration of and the pay- 
 ment for such disability will be indicated by the symbol for Temporary Partial 
 Payment, "12." 
 
 29 
 
2. TEMPORARY PARTIAL. 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury which does not in- 
 volve amputation nor result in the permanent loss of any function; 
 which does not disable the injured person from work in the same or 
 other gainful employment, but which, for a time, merely impairs his 
 earning power. 
 
 The decreased earnings may be due to inability to work full time, 
 or to turn out as much product (if working piece work), or to in- 
 ability to do heavy work and accepting lighter work at lesser wage. 
 
 3. PERMANENT TOTAL. 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury resulting in loss of 
 both eyes, total loss of eyesight or mental faculties, paralysis or any 
 other condition permanently incapacitating the workman from per- 
 forming any work at any gainful occupation. 
 
 Certain injuries are conclusively presumed to constitute per- 
 manent total disabilities. In other cases the awards by Industrial 
 Boards and Courts will indicate whether the injury was adjudged 
 permanent total. In other words, the Act itself or the interpreta- 
 tion of the Act by Industrial Boards should govern in this matter. 
 
 4. DISMEMBERMENT. 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury involving the loss 
 of member or members or parts of members by traumatic or sur- 
 gical amputation, including enucleation of eye. 
 
 Multiple amputations in combinations which render the in- 
 jured person permanently totally disabled, or which the law con- 
 clusively presumes to constitute permanent total disability, shall not 
 be considered Dismemberment so far as this classification is con- 
 cerned, but shall be assigned to Permanent Total group. 
 
 5. LOSS OF USE.* 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury which results in 
 total loss of use of that which can be dismembered, including loss 
 of sight in one eye and total loss of hearing in one or both ears. 
 
 Loss of use of more than one member in such combinations as 
 to render the injured person permanently totally disabled, or which 
 by law is conclusively presumed to constitute permanent total dis- 
 ability, shall not be considered Loss of Use, but shall be assigned 
 to Permanent Total group. 
 
 *NOTE: An injury involving both amputation and loss of use may be 
 assigned either to Dismemberment or Loss of Use group, the choice to be gov- 
 erned by the predominating feature of the injury. Thus, an injury resulting in 
 amputation of a finger and the loss of use of a leg should be placed in the Loss 
 of Use group. 
 
6. PERMANENT PARTIAL (OTHER THAN DISMEMBERMENT 
 
 AND LOSS OF USE). 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury which results in 
 partial loss of any function of the body, as of any member, or in 
 permanent physical impairment — such as permanent stiff neck, 
 chronic traumatic neurosis or neurasthenia, weakening of mental 
 faculties, general debility on account of internal injuries, etc. 
 
 Examples of partial loss of function of members: 
 
 ( I ) Ankylosis of elbow joint (often result of compound 
 comminuted fractures and sometimes due to improper treat- 
 ment of simple fractures and dislocations) which, though pre- 
 venting supemation, pronation or other motions, is not the 
 same as loss of use of arm, there being some important func- 
 tions that can still be performed with the arm itself and the 
 hand; (2) Ankylosis of wrist joint; (3) Contracted palm from 
 infection or other cause, where fingers are not involved; (4) 
 Severance of muscles and ligaments and the consequent loss of 
 certain motions; (5) Ankylosis of ankle and knee joints; (6) 
 Considerable shortening of leg, say % of an inch or more, as a 
 consequence of fractures; (7) Partial loss of eyesight in one 
 or both eyes; (8) Impairment of hearing in one or both ears. 
 
 7. DISFIGUREMENT. 
 
 To this group shall be assigned every injury which results in 
 Facial disfigurement, even though accompanied by temporary 
 total or partial disability. Facial disfigurements concurrent with 
 dismemberment or loss of use are excluded from the group and 
 shall be assigned to dismemberment or loss of use group, as the case 
 may be. 
 
 TO RECAPITULATE. 
 
 Injuries producing temporary total disability, as defined in para- 
 graph 1, and nothing else, or temporary total disability followed by 
 temporary partial disability, and nothing else, shall be classified as 
 Temporary Total. 
 
 Injuries producing temporary partial disability only, as defined 
 in paragraph 2, shall be classified as Temporary Partial. 
 
 Injuries resulting in permanent total' disability, as defined in 
 paragraph 3, shall be classified as Permanent Total. 
 
 Injuries involving amputation of members, exclusive of combi- 
 nations rendering injured person totally disabled, shall be classified 
 as Dismemberments. 
 
 Injuries resulting in complete loss of use of members, exclusive 
 of comijinations which render the injured person permanently 
 totally disabled, shall be classified as Loss of Use. 
 
 31 
 
Injuries resulting in partial loss of use of members, etc., as de- 
 fined in paragraph 6, shall be classified as Permanent Partial. 
 
 Injuries resulting in facial disfigurement, and nothing else ex- 
 cept temporary total or partial disability, shall be classified as Dis- 
 figurements. 
 
 CODE FOR KINDS OF COMPENSATION BENEHT PAYMENTS. 
 (In Connection With "Kind of Payment" Column). 
 
 DEFINITIONS. 
 
 11. TEMPORARY TOTAL. 
 
 Temporary Total Benefit shall mean the payment which is made 
 for the time the injured person is rendered temporarily totally dis- 
 abled, irrespective of whether such disability is in connection with 
 Temporary Total, Dismemberment or any other class of injury. 
 
 Temporary Total benefits are paid: 
 
 1st. In all states for an injury which, for a temporary time 
 after the expiration of the specified waiting period, totally in- 
 capacitates the injured from all vvrork. 
 
 2nd. In Massachusetts, Rhode Island and a number of other 
 states, in cases of amputation and other permanent partial in- 
 juries for the period during which the injured is totally inca- 
 pacitated. 
 
 12. TEMPORARY PARTIAL. 
 
 Temporary Partial Benefit shall mean the payment made for 
 temporary impairment of earning power, irrespective of whether 
 the partial disability so compensated results from an injury classified 
 as Temporary Total, Dismemberment or any other class. 
 
 In other words, temporary partial benefit is awarded for the 
 time the injured workman is working at reduced wages. This 
 means that such compensation, is usually applied in cases where the 
 injured returns to work before he has fully recovered from the in- 
 jury or become fully rehabilitated, and, therefore, unable to earn 
 as much as he did before the accident. 
 
 Temporary partial payments may begin immediately after the 
 termination of waiting period or after a period of temporary total 
 disability. 
 
 13. PERMANENT TOTAL. 
 
 Permanent Total Benefits shall niean payments made in the case 
 of injuries conclusively presumed by law or judicially determined 
 
 32 
 
by Courts and Industrial Accident Boards to constitute permanent 
 total disability. 
 
 In some instances it is often impossible to predetermine whether 
 the injury will result in temporary total or permanent total dis- 
 ability. If, as a matter of policy, or because the physician holds 
 out. hopes for complete or partial recovery, the case is for the time 
 being designated as temporary total, it may be treated as such until 
 the expiration of the maximum period. Upon completion of last 
 payment, change the designation of entire payment from Temporary 
 Total to Permanent Total. It will be admitted that failure to re- 
 cover in 400 or 500 weeks makes the likelihood of ultimate recov- 
 ery rather nil, and for this reason the disability may from the statis- 
 tical point of view be safely considered as Permanent Total. 
 
 14. DISMEMBERMENT. 
 
 Dismembermient Benefits shall mean only that portion of pay- 
 ments made in the case of loss of members vrhich is based upon 
 the specific or fixed number of weeks allowed in the Act. 
 
 In States providing specific indemnity in lieu of all other, the en- 
 tire benefit shall be designated "Dismemberment." 
 
 In States providing other benefits in addition to specific, only 
 the specific benefit shall be considered a dismemberment payment. 
 No part of the benefit shall be designated Dismemberment in states 
 where dismemberments are compensated on basis of time lost from 
 work and impairment of wage earning power. 
 
 15. LOSS OF USE. 
 
 Since Loss of Use is compensated in all states on the same basis 
 as Dismemberment it follows that the remarks under "Dismember- 
 ment" apply equally as well to "Loss of Use" payments. The spe- 
 cific benefits paid in cases of total or partial loss of use of that which 
 can be dismembered shall be designated as "Loss of Use" pay- 
 ments. , 
 
 16. PERMANENT PARTIAL. 
 
 Permanent Partial Benefits shall mean only those payments 
 which are made for permanent impairment of earning power and 
 nothing else. The term Permanent Partial shall not be used to 
 designate a pasrment for dismemberment in states providing for 
 such injury, compensation based on a fixed number of weeks in 
 lieu of all other compensation; nor should it be used for this pur- 
 pose in Illinois and states having similar laws where compensation 
 for permanent partial injuries is based on temporary total disability 
 in addition to the specific indemnity. 
 
 The term Permanent Partial as applied to pasonents should not 
 be confounded with a similar term used in classification of injuries 
 
and in all Compensation Acts to designate such injuries as amputa- 
 tion of finger, hand, leg, etc., or loss of use of such members. The 
 confusion, if any, arises from the failure to differentiate between 
 "Permanent Injury" and "Permanent Disability." A laborer does 
 not necessarily become permanently partially disabled because of 
 the loss of his little finger. In a short time he can wield his pick 
 and shovel as well as ever. In Massachusetts and Rhode Island 
 a case like this would be compensated on basis of time lost from 
 work (Temporary Total Payment) in addition to the fixed (Spe- 
 cific Dismemberment) sum allowed for loss of finger. It is to be 
 noted that the term Permanent Partial is not used at all in this 
 case so far as it concerns the kind of payment. Should, however, 
 the loss of finger upon his return to work prevent the workman 
 from following his usual occupation and force him to do work at 
 a lower wage he would, in above states, be entitled to further com- 
 pensation for the impairment of his earning power (50% or some 
 other percent of the difference between his former wage and- the 
 wage he is now earning). 
 
 If the impairment is only temporary, the payment should be 
 designated "Temporary Partial" ; but if the impairment is lasting, 
 or at least continues for the meiximum period fixed by law, then the 
 payment is to be designated Permanent Partial. 
 
 17. DISFIGUREMENT. 
 
 Disfigurement Benefits. Payments shall be considered as such 
 only when the award by the Industrial Board specifically states that 
 they were made under the Disfigurement Section of the Act. In 
 California and one or two other states, such compensation is only 
 paid for Facial disfigurement. It is only in Illinois that disfigure- 
 ments to hand (including amputation of fingers, with or without 
 involvement of metacarpal bones) may be compensated under the 
 Disfigurement section. If the files indicate that the loss of fingers 
 or a similar injury was compensated under this section, then the 
 pasrments must be shown as Disfigurement and not Dismemberment. 
 
 18. ALL OTHER COMPENSATION PAYMENTS. 
 
 This classification was inserted in the code to provide for amend- 
 ments to laws establishing forms of compensation other than those 
 enumerated in the code. Its use will readily suggest itself when the 
 proper occasion arises. 
 
 19. LIABIUTY CLAIM. 
 
 Liability Claim Payments shall mean amounts paid to an in- 
 jured employee who either has elected not to come under the Work- 
 men's Compensation Act or who is excluded from compensation 
 benefits under the Act and recovers damages under Common Law. 
 See Rule 20 for a fuller treatment of such payments. 
 
 NOTE: The entire amount of the benefit in the State of California for per- 
 manent disability in all cases of injuries classed as Dismemberment, Loss of 
 Use, or Permanent Partial, shall be designated as Permanent Partial Payments 
 (symbol 16). 
 
 34 
 
METHOD OF CORRELATING THE BENEFITS FOR VARIOUS 
 
 DISABIUTIES PAYABLE ON A SINGLE CASE WITH THE 
 
 CLASS OF INJURY PRODUCING THE DISABILITIES. 
 
 To compute the differential for a new compensation law and 
 the added or lesser cost on account of amendments to existing laws, 
 it is absolutely necessary for the statistician and the actuary to have 
 certain data. 
 
 They must have not only the proportional distribution* of dif- 
 ferent kinds of injuries and the average wage obtaining in each 
 state but, what is most important of all, also the duration of differ- 
 ent kinds of disabilities resulting from various injuriesf as this is 
 the principal and, at the present time, the most obscure factor in 
 determining the cost of compensation. 
 
 Hence, one of the most important purposes of the plan for se- 
 curing and compiling Workmen's Compensation statistics is to de- 
 termine the duration and the kind of benefits awarded under various 
 Acts for different kinds of disabilities resulting from injuries 
 broadly classified as followrs: 
 
 1 . Temporary Total. 
 
 2. Temporary Partial. 
 
 3. Permanent Total. 
 
 4. Permanent Partial — Dismemberment. 
 
 5. " " — loss of use. 
 
 6. " " — exclusive of 4 and 5. 
 
 7. Disfigurement. 
 
 As an illustration of our meaning in the foregoing paragraph, 
 let us take a dismemberment case in Massachusetts. In this State 
 such a case may be compensated by three different kinds of pay- 
 ments — a benefit for the period of temporary total disability, an- 
 other for the period of partial disability, the third being for the 
 specific period allowed for the loss of member. Here we are con- 
 fronted with a problem. The limiting conditions of the punch 
 card do not permit the punching of more than one kind of pay- 
 ment on one card. Unless means were adopted to identify each 
 one of the payments vrith the class of injury which gave rise to the 
 different disabilities the Bureau when tabulating the experience 
 would have no way of knowing whether the duration of and the 
 payment for, say, temporary total disability was in connection with 
 a dismemberment injury or one in the temporary total classj. There- 
 fore, to enable the Bureau to allocate the payments to proper 
 
 *The proportion of various classes of injuries — Total, Permanent Total, 
 Temporary Total, Dismemberment, etc., to the total number of injuries occur- 
 ring within a given period of time. 
 
 tAn injury involving amputation produces total disability for a time, 
 %vhich may or may not be folloTved by partial disability; a laceration of the 
 hand may totally disable at first and then partially. 
 
 :|:It is true that the various payments in dismemberment cases can be 
 allocated to this class of injuries by means of the Nature of Injury field; but 
 this is the only instance where this field can be utilized for such purposes, 
 
 35 
 
classes of injuries, a column has been provided on the punch card 
 entitled "Kind of Injury." In this column will be punched the in- 
 jury in accordance with the directions given in the definitions for 
 "Kinds of Injuries." In the column headed "Kind of Payment" 
 will be punched the symbol for the particular kind of pay- 
 ment made, in accordance with the definitions for "Kinds of Com- 
 pensation Benefit Payments." 
 
 The designation of payment, of course, will always correspond 
 with the kind of disabilities compensated. 
 
 In "Duration of Injury" field will be punched the number of 
 weeks during which the particular kind of benefit was paid; with 
 waiting period added in case of temporary total payments. Thus 
 it will be seen that the duration is associated with the kind of pay- 
 ment and not with the kind of injury. 
 
 The following illustrations show how the information will ap- 
 pear on punch cards. 
 
 (I) An injury in any State resulting, for example, in temporary total 
 disability of 10 weeks' duration followed by temporary partial disability of 5 
 weeks' duration. 
 
 
 % 
 Impairment 
 
 Kind of Injury 
 
 Duration 
 Weeks 
 
 Compensation Paid 
 
 Counter 
 
 
 Kind of Payment 
 
 Amount 
 
 1st 
 card 
 
 
 Temp. Total 
 (1) 
 
 10 
 
 Temp. Total 
 (11) 
 
 $56 
 
 1 
 
 2nd 
 card 
 
 29% 
 
 Temp. Total 
 (1) 
 
 5 
 
 Temp. Partial 
 (12) 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 (2) Dismemberment case in Massachusetts receiving three kinds of benefits. 
 
 
 % 
 Impairment 
 
 Kind of Injury 
 
 Duration 
 Weeks 
 
 Compensation Paid 
 
 Counter 
 
 
 Kind of Payment 
 
 Amount 
 
 1st 
 card 
 
 
 Dismember. 
 
 (4) 
 
 20 
 
 Temp. Total 
 (11) 
 
 $180 
 
 1 
 
 2nd 
 card 
 
 
 Dismember. 
 (4) 
 
 — 
 
 Dismember. 
 (14) 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 3rd 
 card 
 
 40% 
 
 Dismember. 
 (4) 
 
 380 
 
 Perm. Partial 
 (16) 
 
 1140 
 
 
 
 The attached tabulation of losses in 1 05 1 5 hypothetical cases 
 gives, at a glance, the results that can be attained by the methods 
 described above. 
 
 36 
 
c 
 
 0. 
 
 E 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 U 
 
 en 
 
 < 
 u 
 
 < 
 u 
 
 X 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 X 
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Workmen's Compensation Statistical Plan. 
 
 System of Securing and Compiling Workmen's Compensation Statistics 
 by the National Workmen's Compensation Service Bureau. 
 
 PART 11. CODES.* 
 
 Page 
 
 1 . Cause of Injury, other than working machines 7 
 
 2. Cause of Injury, working machines 20 
 
 3. Kind of Payment 29 
 
 4. Kind of Injury 28 
 
 5. Nature of Injury I 
 
 6. Occupational Disease 31 
 
 7. Per cent Impairment 28 
 
 8. State 30 
 
 9. Manual Classifications Code (issued separately) — 
 
 EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 1919. 
 
 To be used only in connection with accidents covered by policies 
 bsued in 1919 and thereafter. 
 
 Issued by the 
 
 NATIONAL WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION SERVICE BUREAU 
 
 13 Park Row, New York City. 
 
 ^This part of the plan is also available as a separate publication. 
 
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Animals 11 
 
 Boilers and steam pressure apparatus 16 
 
 Explosions, electricity, fires and hot substances: 
 
 Explosions 14 
 
 Electricity and conflagration 15 
 
 Hot substance and flames 15 
 
 Falling objects 8 
 
 Falls of persons 10 
 
 Handling of objects: 
 
 Heavy and sharp objects 7 
 
 Hand trucks, carts, etc 7 
 
 Hand tools 11 
 
 Hoisting apparatus: 
 
 Cranes 17 
 
 Conveyors and miscellaneous 19 
 
 Elevators 17 
 
 Mine cages, skips and buckets 18 
 
 Machinery other than working machines 19 
 
 Miscellaneous causes 7 
 
 Poisonous and corrosive substances IS 
 
 Prime movers and power transmission apparatus 16 
 
 Stepping on or striking against objects 8 
 
 Vehicles: 
 
 All other 14 
 
 Animal-drawn 13 
 
 Automobiles and bicycles 13 
 
 Mine and quarry cars and plant trucks 12 
 
 Railway cars and engines 11 
 
 Water craft 14 
 
 Working Machines: 
 
 Part of machine (manner of occurrence) 20 
 
 Chemical products machines 25 
 
 Engineering and farm machines 25 
 
 Food products machines 24 
 
 Leather working machine 22' 
 
 Metal Working machines 21 
 
 Mining and miscellaneous machines 27 
 
 Paper, printing and bookbinding machines 23 
 
 Paints, varnishes, dyes, etc 26- 
 
 Rubber, celluloid and composition 26- 
 
 Stone, clay and glass products machines 21'. 
 
 Textile and laundry machines 24 
 
 Woodworking machines 22 
 
NATURE OF INJURY CODE. 
 (Section 1 — Nature of Injury) 
 
 0. Occupational disease. 
 
 1 . Loss or amputation. 
 
 2. Fractures. 
 
 3. Stiffness, contraction and other loss of function, partial or total. 
 
 4. Dislocations. 
 
 5. Cuts, lacerations and punctures. 
 
 6. Sprains and strains. 
 
 7. Bruises, contusions and abrasions. 
 
 8. Burns and scalds. 
 
 9. All other. 
 
 Note: In case o( infection, the nature of injury should be correlated with 
 the infection. This is especially important in cases of bruises, contusions, and 
 abrasions, burns and scalds, and cuts and lacerations. This correlation is ac- 
 complished by means of punching the X position above the second column of 
 digits in the Nature of Injury field. For example, an infected burn of right 
 foot will be coded Y8X84 and punched in the following manner: "Y" (right 
 member) and digit 8 (burn) in the first column; "X" (infection) and digit 8 
 in the second column, and digit 4 in the third column of digits (digits 84 signi- 
 fying foot) . 
 
 NATURE OF INJURY CODE. 
 (Section 2 — Location of Injury) 
 
 Head. 
 
 01. 
 
 02. Eye. 
 
 03. Both eyes. 
 
 04. Loss of one eye with impairment of vision of other. 
 
 05. Internal ear. 
 
 06. Both internal ears. 
 
 07. External ear. 
 
 08. Skull or scalp. 
 09. 
 
 Face and Neck. 
 
 1 0. Forehead. 
 
 1 1 . Eyelids. 
 
 12. Nose. 
 
 13. Upper jaw (including alveolar process). 
 
 14. Lower jaw (including alveolar process). 
 
 15. Teeth. 
 
 16. Tongue. 
 
 17. Face (n. o. c); lips, cheeks, etc. 
 18. 
 
 43 
 
NATURE OF INJURY CODE (Continued). 
 
 Trunk. 
 
 1 9. Spinal column — spinal cord. 
 
 20. Spinal column — ^vertebrae. 
 
 21. Back (external). 
 
 22. Sternum (breastbone). 
 
 23. Rib or Ribs. 
 
 24. Thorax — external (chest). 
 
 25. Thoracic organs, internal (heart, lungs and some large blood 
 
 vessels). 
 
 26. Abdomen, external. 
 
 27. Abdominal viscera (organs within the abdominal cavity — 
 
 stomach, small and large intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, 
 kidneys and vermiform appendix). 
 
 28. Groin — external (the depression between the abdomen and 
 
 thigh). 
 
 29. Sacrum and coccyx (the last two bones of the spinal column, 
 
 and forming part of pelvis). 
 
 30. Pelvis (n. o. c. ) — (consisting of two of each of the following- 
 
 named bones: ilium, ischium and pubis — all situated at the 
 lower part of the trunk of the body. 
 
 3 1 . Rectum. 
 
 32. Genital organs (external). 
 
 33. Rupture (Hernia) — inguinal, umbilical, etc. 
 
 Upper Extremities. 
 
 35. Scapula (shoulder blade). 
 
 36. Clavicle (collar bone). 
 
 37. Shoulder or shoulder joint. 
 
 38. Upper arm (also humerus, the bone of upper arm). 
 
 39. Elbow or elbow joint. 
 
 40. Radius (bone at outer side of forearm). 
 
 41. Ulna (bone at inner side of forearm). 
 
 42. Forearm (including both radius and ulna). 
 
 43. Wrist or wrist joint. 
 
 44. Arm, general. 
 
 45. Both arms, or one arm and hand of the other arm. 
 
 46. Arm and leg or foot. 
 
 47. Hand, general. 
 
 48. Hand, palm. 
 
 49. Hand, back of hand. 
 
 50. Thumb, one phalange. 
 
 51. Thumb, entire (more than one). 
 
 52. Index (1st) finger, one phalange. 
 
 53. Index (1st) finger, two phalanges. 
 
 54. Index (1st) finger, entire (more than two). 
 
 55. Middle (2nd) finger, one phalange. 
 
 56. Middle (2nd) finger, two phalanges. 
 
 57. Middle (2nd) finger, entire (more than two). 
 
 58. Ring (3rd) finger, one phalange. 
 
 44 
 
NATURE OF INJURY CODE (Continued). 
 
 59. J?.ing (3rd) finger, two phalanges. 
 
 60. Ring (3rd) finger, entire (more than two). 
 
 61. Little (4th) finger, one phalange. 
 
 62. Little (4th) finger, two phalanges. 
 
 63. Little (4th) finger, entire (more than two). 
 
 64. Thumb and one finger, one hand. 
 
 65. Thumb and two or three fingers, one hand. 
 
 66. Thumb and all fingers, one hand. 
 
 67. Two fingers, one hand. 
 
 68. TTiree fingers, one hand. 
 
 69. Four fingers, one hand. 
 
 70. Other multiple finger and thumb injuries, both hands (write 
 
 description on back of cards). 
 71. 
 
 Lower Extremities. 
 
 72. Hip or hip joint. 
 
 73. Upper leg — the thigh (including femur or thigh bone). 
 
 74. Patella (knee cap). 
 
 75. Knee, other than patella. 
 
 76. Tibia (shin bone) — the larger of the two bones of lower leg. 
 
 77. Fibula (the slender bone at outer side of lower leg). 
 
 78. Lower leg (including both Tibia and Fibula). 
 
 79. Leg, general. 
 
 80. Both legs, or one leg and foot of other leg. 
 
 8 1 . Both legs and one arm or hand. 
 
 82. Both legs and both arms or hands. 
 
 83. Ankle or ankle joint. 
 
 84. Foot. 
 
 85. Both feet. 
 
 86. Great toe, one phalange. 
 
 87. Great toe, entire (more than one phalange). 
 
 88. Lesser toe, one phalange. 
 
 89. Lesser toe, entire (more than one phalange). 
 
 90. Great toe and not more than three lesser toes, one foot. 
 
 9 1 . Two or more lesser toes, one foot. 
 
 92. All toes, one foot. 
 
 93. Other multiple toe injuries, both feet (write description on back 
 
 of cards). 
 
 General. 
 
 94. Multiple injuries not otherwise classified (write description on 
 
 back of cards). 
 
 95. General shock. 
 
 96. Concussion of brain. 
 
 97. Neuritis (not traumatic). 
 
 98. Insanity (not result of trauma, i.e., accidental injury). 
 
 99. Indefinite or unknown. 
 
 45 
 
NATURE OF INJURY CODE— INSTRUCTIONS GOVERNING 
 
 ITS USE. 
 
 1. The classifications by nature and location of injury are those 
 adopted by the International Association of Industrial Accident 
 Boards and Commissions, consolidated and modified to some ex- 
 tent to meet the requirements of casualty companies. 
 
 2. The classification of the nature of injury in cases resulting in a cure 
 should indicate the injury as originally sustained; but when an in- 
 jury terminates in some permanent after-result, the classification 
 should indicate the nature of the terminal result. Thus if a lacerated 
 finger is amiputated owing to gangrenous condition, the injury should 
 be coded 1-54 (loss index finger) and not 5-54 (laceration index 
 finger) ; and if a fracture of the tibia and fibula results in consider- 
 able shortening or some degree of permanent stiffness of the leg, 
 the injury should be coded 3-79 (stiffness or contraction — leg). 
 
 3. An injury will be indicated by a combination of three digits, the 
 last two of which will indicate the part of body injured, and the 
 first the nature of the injury. Thus 2-5 1 will signify a fracture of 
 the thumb, and 1 -44 the amputation of the entire arm. 
 
 4. RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE OF BODY. 
 
 , The letter L in the "X" position above the first column of digits 
 will be punched to denote an injury on the left side of body, and 
 the letter R in the "Y" position in the same column to denote an 
 injury on the right side. 
 
 5. CLASSIFICATION BY LOCATION OF INJURY. 
 
 To promote uniformity in the application of the nature of injury 
 code, particularly with regard to parts of the body, special atten- 
 tion is directed to the principle followed in constructing the code. 
 
 (a) In arranging the location of injury code the common ana- 
 tomical divisions have been followed, beginning with the head and 
 ending with the feet. The technical medical terms have been de- 
 fined in popular language so as to assume correct classification and 
 promote general knowledge of the anatomy of the human body. 
 
 (b) Special provision has been made for injuries involving two 
 or more parts, such as tw^o legs and arm, etc. These classifications 
 should be used principally in connection with dismemberments and 
 fractures. 
 
 (c) The bones of the body have been listed apart from the 
 parts of body of which they constitute the framework in order to 
 provide information with respect to fractures of specific bones. It 
 is true that this plan has not been adhered to in all cases. A strict 
 adherence to such a plan would have necessitated the extension of 
 the code beyond the limit of 99 classifications, and the Committee, 
 therefore, was obliged in some instances to include under one 
 symbol both the member and the bones of the member. Care was 
 
 4G 
 
Nature of Injury Code — Instructions Governing Its Use (Cont'd). 
 
 taken, however, to consolidate only in those cases where no ques- 
 tion could arise as to the location of the injury and the specific 
 parts involved. For example, the forearm contains two bones, the 
 radius and the ulna. Injuries involving only one of these bones 
 are of frequent occurrence, and to obtain this information a separate 
 classification was erected for each. As for both bones, it was found 
 practicable to include them with the forearm under one classifica- 
 tion as it vfill readily be understood that flesh wounds refer to the 
 forearm and that fractures with reference to this classification in- 
 clude both bones. 
 
 6. MULTIPLE INJURIES. 
 
 In cases of multiple injuries other than dismemberments, two 
 methods of classifying injuries are available, the method to be used 
 depending on conditions. For instance, an injury consisting of 
 bruises of chest, head and arms, all of about equal degree of 
 severity, should be coded as 7-94 (Contusions — multiple) ; and if 
 of cuts and bruises, it may be coded 5-94 (Lacerations — multiple) 
 or 7-94 (Contusions — multiple), personal judgment to govern the 
 choice of the nature. But if the injured has say a severe laceration 
 of hand and a slight laceration or contusion of forehead, code the 
 injury as laceration of hand (5-47) and disregard the injury to the 
 forehead. Similarly, if a fracture of the skull is accompanied by 
 laceration of the face, report the injury as fracture of the skull 
 (2-08). Where the injured sustains a loss of a member and a 
 minor injury to another part of the body, report only the dismem- 
 berment and disregard the minor injury. 
 
 7. MULTIPLE DISMEMBERMENTS. 
 
 In reporting cases of multiple amputations in combinations not 
 covered by the code, proceed in the following manner: Punch digit 
 1 (Loss or amputation) in first column of Nature of Injury field 
 and digits 94 (Multiple Injuries, n. o. c.) in the next two columns, 
 and write on die card the parts amputated. 
 
 8. RUPTURE (HERNIA). 
 
 Code a rupture "6-33 (Strain — Hernia)" when the rupture is 
 definitely determined to have been caused by overlifting or by ex- 
 cessive weight of the object handled, and 7-33 (Contusion — 
 Hernia) when it is caused by the injured being struck. If the cause 
 of the rupture is in doubt or if it is pretty well determined that 
 the rupture was not caused by an accidental injury, the injury should 
 be coded 9-33 (All other — Hernia). 
 
 9. EYE INJURIES. 
 
 Use symbol 9 (All others) to describe the nature of eye injuries 
 other than enucleation (excision or removal of eye-ball) and com- 
 plete or partial loss of sight. Use symbol 1 (Loss or Amputation) 
 
 47 
 
Nature of Injury Code — Instructions Governing Its Use (Cont'd). 
 
 when one or both eye-balls are enucleated or when the sight of 
 one or both eyes is totally lost. Symbol 1 should also be used in 
 connection with Code No. 04 (Loss of one and impairment of the 
 other). Use symbol 3 (Loss of function) when the sight of one or 
 both eyes is impaired. 
 
 10. INJURIES TO TEETH. 
 
 Prefix digit 1 (Loss) to the code for teeth in the case of loss 
 of a tooth or teeth, and digit 2 (Fracture) in the case of a broken 
 tooth or teeth. 
 
 11. INJURIES TO EAR. 
 
 In the case of loss of hearing, use digit 1 (Loss) and the code 
 for internal ear or ears; in the case of impairment of hearing, use 
 digit 3 (Loss of function). 
 
 12. INJURIES TO HNGERS. 
 
 In case of dismemberment, specify the particular phalange dis- 
 membered. For injuries other than dismemberment, use the code 
 indicating the entire finger, as in these cases no such refinement is 
 required. The same principle should also be followed in coding 
 all injuries to upper and lower extremities. 
 
 48 
 
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 (Section 1 — Causes Other Than Working Machines). 
 
 I. MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES. 
 
 001. All other. 
 
 002. Flying Particles (n. o. c.) 
 
 Note: Chips, dust, sparks, and other particles set in motion 
 by working machines or tools are to be charged to the specific 
 machine or tool. The above number applies only to non- 
 assigned flying particles. 
 
 003. Doors, windows, covers of cellars and floor openings, and gates 
 
 (not elevator). (Injured in handling, not falls). 
 
 004. Asphyxiation. 
 
 005. Drenching (not drowning). 
 
 006. Heat prostration and sunstroke. 
 
 007. Cold, including frostbite. 
 
 008. Exposure (n. o. c. ) 
 
 009. Violence of co-employee, 
 
 010. Violence, all other. 
 
 Oil. Wrestling, sparring, and horseplay. 
 
 012. Compressed air (not explosions). 
 
 1 3. Breaking of dams, levees, and embankments. 
 
 014. Tornadoes, cyclones, waterspouts, floods, earthquakes, etc. 
 
 013. Lightning. 
 016. 
 
 017. 
 018. 
 019. 
 020. 
 
 U. HANDLING OF OBJECTS. 
 
 Heavy Objects. 
 
 028. Handling (n. o. c. ) 
 
 029. Objects thrown. 
 
 030. Objects dropped. 
 
 031. Objects falling from load or pile ('while loading, unloading or 
 
 piling). 
 
 Note: 030 refers to objects which are dropped while being 
 handled; 031 to an object which falls after it has been placed 
 upon the load or pile. 
 
 032. Caught or squeezed between object handled and other object. 
 
 033. Strain in handling or lifting. (Note: Include only strains, hernias, 
 
 etc., caused by excessive weight of object handled). 
 
 Sharp Objects. 
 
 034. Slivers, wood. 
 
 035. All other sharp objects (not tools). 
 
 036. Glass. 
 
 49 
 
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 037. Sheet metal, and sheet metal objects. 
 
 038. Objects with protruding nails. 
 
 039. Slivers, metal. 
 
 Hand Trucks, Carts, and Wheelbarrows. 
 
 040. All other. 
 
 04 1 . Struck by truck, handled by co-worker. 
 
 042. Caught between truck and other object. 
 
 043. Overturning. 
 
 044. Objects falling from (not in loading or unloading). 
 
 045. Struck by truck, handled by injured person. 
 046. 
 
 ni. STEPPING ON OR STRIKING AGAINST OBJECTS. 
 
 Stepping On. 
 
 050. Other sharp objects. 
 
 051. Nails. 
 052. 
 
 053. 
 
 (Note: — Stepping on rolling objects should be charged to 1 38 — 
 stumbling). 
 
 Striking Against. 
 
 054. 
 
 055. All other objects. 
 
 056. Nails. 
 
 057. Splinters or sharp projections from walls or structures. 
 
 058. Other fixed objects (including machinery, not a moving part). 
 
 059. Fellow-employee. 
 
 IV. FALLING OBJECTS— NOT BEING HANDLED BY INJURED. 
 
 CoUapse of. 
 
 060. Buildings and walls. 
 
 061. Stones, sand and earth. 
 
 062. Piles (stacked, stored or piled-up material). 
 
 063. Scaffolds or staging. 
 
 064. Chutes, conveyors and slides. 
 
 065. All other. 
 
 Objects Falling from Elevation. 
 
 066. Bins and pockets. 
 
 067. Dumps — at mines and quarries. 
 
 068. Floor openings — in building construction. 
 
 069. Buildings — not in course of construction or demolition. 
 
 50 
 
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 IV. FALLING OBJECTS (Cont'd.) 
 
 070. Buildings — in course of construction or demolition (n. o. c.) 
 
 071. Chutes, conveyors, slides and screens. 
 
 072. Machines or workbenches. 
 
 073. Piles (stacked, stored or piled-up material). 
 
 Note: — Exclude accidents in piling or handling of material. 
 
 074. Racks and shelves. 
 
 075. Runways, balconies, and platforms. 
 
 076. Scaffolds and staging. 
 
 077. Temporary floors. 
 
 078. Trestles and tramways. 
 
 079. Other elevations. 
 
 Objects Falling Into Excavations. 
 
 080. Into other excavations (not tunnels, mines or quarries). 
 
 081. Into ditches or trenches. 
 082. 
 
 Cave-ins (Not Mines or Quarries). 
 
 084. 
 
 085. Of other excavations. 
 
 086. Of ditches and trenches. 
 
 087. Of tunnels. 
 
 Objects Falling in Mines and Quarries (Inside). 
 
 088. All other. 
 
 089. Roof in entries. 
 
 090. Coal, rock or ore at working face — ^not roof. 
 
 Note: — Include rolls of coal or rock, but exclude accidents in 
 stopes and in pillar robbing. 
 
 09 1 . Roof in working places — not stopes. 
 
 092. Coal, rock or ore from pillars or ribs — not roof. 
 
 Note: — Include rolls of rock or coal. 
 
 093. Coal, rock or ore from or in underground chutes, manways 
 
 and batteries. 
 
 Note: — Include rush of coal, rock or gob in same. 
 
 094. From surface into shaft. 
 
 095. From or in underground bins. 
 
 096. From cage into shaft. 
 
 097. Cave-in of mine. 
 
 098. Timbers — not in handling. 
 
 099. Ore and rock in stopes (metal mines). 
 
 Other Falling Objects. 
 
 100. Trees in felling (n. o. c.) Include dead limbs and tops. 
 
 101. Poles. 
 
 51 
 
10 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 102. Objects tipping over (except vehicles) — not in handling. 
 
 103. Trees, lodged in felling (Include trees and limbs struck by 
 
 felled tree). 
 1 04. Trees, not in felling. 
 105. Limbs, not in felling. 
 106. 
 
 V. FALLS OF PERSONS. 
 
 Falls <rf Persons from Elevations. 
 
 107. 
 
 1 08. Gangplanks. 
 
 1 09. Loading platform. 
 
 1 1 0. All other elevations. 
 
 111. Benches, boxes, chairs and tables. 
 
 112. Bridges, dams or docks (not in construction or demolition). 
 1 1 3. Buildings in construction or demolition. 
 
 1 1 4. Cranes, derricks, elevators and hoists in erecting and rigging. 
 
 115. Floors, temporary. 
 
 1 1 6. Ladders, all other. 
 
 1 1 7. Boilers, engines and machines (include platforms or ^valkways 
 
 on, but not stairways leading thereto). 
 
 118. Piles. 
 
 1 1 9. Trees and poles. 
 
 120. Roofs. 
 
 121. Runways, balconies and platforms (not loading platforms). 
 
 122. Scaffolds and stagings (all other causes) — see ^^129. 
 
 123. Stairs and steps (include all falls on stairs, steps or landings). 
 1 24. Trestles and tramways. 
 
 125. Windows or wall openings. 
 
 126. Elevated bins, pockets, and tanks (include falls from, but not 
 
 falls into). 
 
 127. Ladders (a/c breaking of ladder or parts). 
 
 128. Scaffolds and stagings (a/c breaking of tackle or support). 
 
 129. Scaffolds and stagings (a/c breaking or slipping). 
 
 FaUs of Persons into Excavations, Pits, etc. 
 
 130. All other. 
 
 131. Bins and Vats, all other. 
 
 132. Floor openings (not elevator shafts). 
 1 33. Manholes. 
 
 1 34. Excavations, n. o. c. 
 
 1 35. Bins and Vats, containing hot or corrosive substances. 
 
 Falls of Persons on Level. 
 
 136. Stumbling over fixed objects. 
 
 137. Slipping. 
 
 1 38. Stumbling over loose objects. 
 
 52 
 
11 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 139. All other. 
 
 Note: Strains due to near falls, from slipping and stumbling, 
 without falling, should be placed under slipping or stumbling 
 in this group. 
 
 VI. HAND TOOU5. 
 
 140. All other. 
 
 141. Glancing or slipping of tools in use. 
 
 1 42. Breaking or coming apart of tools. 
 
 143. Flying rivets, nails, chips and other particles set in motion by 
 
 tool. 
 144. 
 145. 
 
 Note: Code "1" in Manner of Occurrence column if tool 
 
 handled by injured workman, and Code "2" if handled by 
 
 fellow worker. 
 
 Vn. ANIMALS. 
 
 Horses, Mides and Oxen. 
 
 150. All other causes. 
 
 151. Kicks. 
 
 152. Runaways (include all vehicle accidents due to runaways). 
 
 153. Bites. 
 154. 
 
 Other Anhnals and Insects. 
 
 155. All causes. 
 
 VIII. VEHICLES (OPERATION, NOT CONSTRUCTION OF). 
 Cars and Engines — Steam and Electric Railways. 
 
 Train Wrecks. 
 
 1 60. Collisions. 
 
 161. Derailments. 
 
 1 62. Sideswipes. 
 
 1 63. Car striking object on track without derailing. 
 
 Falls horn or in Cars or Engines. 
 
 170. Falls (n. o. c). 
 
 171. In getting on or off, in motion. 
 1 72. In getting on or off, at rest. 
 
 1 73. While riding on, due to sudden stop or start. 
 
 1 74. While riding on, due to slipping or loss of balance. 
 
 1 75. While riding on, contact with overhead structure. 
 
 53 
 
12 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 VIII. VEHICLES (Cont'd.) 
 
 Cars and Engines — Steam and Electric Railways (C<Hifd.) 
 
 I 76. While riding on, contact with side structure. 
 
 177. 
 
 178. 
 
 179. 
 
 Struck by or caught between cars. 
 
 180. AH odier. 
 
 181. While coupling or uncoupling. 
 
 182. While switching. 
 
 183. While repairing cars or engines. 
 
 1 84. While repairing track. 
 
 185. While crossing track. 
 
 1 86. While standing or walking on track. 
 
 Odier Causes in Connection with Cars and Engines. 
 
 190. All other. 
 
 191. Setting or releasing hand brakes (exclude falls due to). 
 
 192. Objects falling from (not in loading or unloading). 
 
 193. Objects shifting on load. 
 194. 
 
 Plant Trucks on Tracks. 
 
 Mines and Quarry Cars and Motors (Animal or Power Drawn). 
 
 198. Caught between and overhead obstruction. 
 
 199. Caught or struck by rope or chain. 
 
 200. All other. 
 
 201. Collisions. 
 
 202. Derailments. 
 
 203. Falls from, due to sudden start or stop. 
 
 204. Falls from, riding on tail chain. 
 
 205. Riding on, contact vrith roof. 
 
 206. Riding on, contact with rib or side structure. 
 
 207. Braking or spragging. 
 
 208. Struck by or caught between — while repairing track. 
 
 209. Struck by or caught between — while standing or walking on 
 
 track. 
 
 210. Coal, rock, etc., falling from car — struck by (not in loading 
 
 or unloading). 
 
 211. Lifting or pushing car. 
 
 2 1 2. Getting on or off car. 
 
 2 1 3. Caught by car or load in dumping. 
 
 2 1 4. Coupling or switching — struck by or caught between. 
 
 215. 
 
 Note: If plant trucks, code 1 in "Manner of Occurrence" column. 
 If mine and quarry cars, code 2 in "Manner of Occurrence" 
 column. 
 
 54 
 
18 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 VIII. VEHICLES (Continued). 
 
 Automobiles and Other Power Vehicles. 
 
 216. 
 
 2 1 7. Collision, due to breaking of parts. 
 
 2 1 8. Overturning, due to breaking of parts. 
 
 2 1 9. Overturning, due to skidding. 
 
 220. All other. 
 
 221. Collision with cars or engines. 
 
 222. Collision, all other causes (see also 217). 
 
 223. Collision, due to skidding (see also 217). 
 
 224. Overturning, all other causes (see also 218 and 219). 
 
 225. Cranking. 
 
 226. Falls from. 
 
 227. Struck by. 
 
 228. Objects falling from (not in loading or unloading). 
 
 229. Load shifting. 
 
 230. Mechanical unloading. 
 
 231. Elxplosion of gasoline tank. 
 
 Note: — ^All collisions of automobiles should be classed under 
 automobiles, whether with other vehicles or with cars. 
 Accidents due to the engine in an automobile or other 
 power vehicle should be charged to the power vehicle. 
 Accidents due to testing gas or gasoline engines should be 
 charged to prime movers. 
 
 Bicydes. 
 
 232. All other. 
 
 233. Breaking of parts. 
 
 234. Collisions (all kinds). 
 
 r 
 
 Animal-drawn Vehicles (Not Mine or Quarry Cars). 
 
 235. All other causes. 
 
 236. Collision with cars or engines. 
 
 237. Collision with other vehicles. 
 
 238. Collision with stationary objects. 
 
 239. Overturning. 
 
 240. Whiffletrees. 
 
 241. Falls from. 
 
 242. Struck by. 
 
 243. Objects falling from (not in loading or unloading). 
 
 244. Objects shifting on load. 
 
 245. Mechanical unloading. 
 
 246. Breaking of vehicle or some part thereof. 
 247. 
 
 Note: All vehicle accidents due to runaways should be charged 
 to animals. 
 
 55 
 
14 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 Animal-Drawn Implements (Not Machinery). 
 
 248. All other. 
 
 249. Caught by or in (scrapers, plows, harrows, rollers, etc.) 
 
 Water CrafL 
 
 250. All other. 
 
 251. Collision with vessels. 
 
 252. Collision with other objects. 
 
 253. Capsizing. 
 
 254. Hawsers ahd other ropes. 
 
 255. Falls from or jumping overboard. 
 
 256. Falls, from rigging. 
 
 257. Falls, into hatchways. 
 258. 
 
 259. 
 
 Note: Accidents from machinery on water craft should be 
 charged to the specific machine or prime mover. 
 
 All Other Vehicles. 
 
 260. All other. 
 
 261. Aeroplanes (n. o. c.) 
 262. 
 
 263. 
 264. 
 
 Note: Please make note of the accidents which occur in handling 
 
 or flying aeroplanes and advise the Bureau, so as to enable 
 
 the Bureau to properly classify them. 
 
 IX. EXPLOSIONS, ELECTRICITY, HRES AND HOT SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Explosions of Explosive Substances. 
 
 270. All other explosions. 
 
 271. Explosives, explosion of, in manufacturing and storing. 
 
 272. Explosives, explosion of, in transporting and handling. 
 
 273. Blasting — ^premature shot. 
 
 274. Blasting — misfires or delayed shot. 
 
 275. Blasting — ^windy shot (ignition of surrounding gas or dust). 
 2 76. Blasting — tamping. 
 
 277. Bleisting — all other. 
 
 278. Dust — explosion of. 
 
 279. Gas — explosion of. 
 
 280. Gasoline and other petroleum products, explosion of (exclude 
 
 automobiles which code as 231). 
 
 281. Ammonia apparatus, explosion of (tanks, compressors, con- 
 
 densers, piping and valves) (include bursting under pres- 
 sure) . 
 
 56 
 
15 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 282. Other high pressure apparatus, explosion of (include bursting 
 
 under pressure). 
 
 283. Blasting — struck by flying objects (not above specified). 
 284. 
 
 285. 
 286. 
 
 Electricity. 
 
 290. All other. 
 
 291. 
 
 292. 
 
 Conflagrations. 
 
 295. All other. 
 
 296. 
 
 297. 
 
 Note: Give description of individual conflagration or catas- 
 trophe on separate report. 
 
 Hot Substances and Flames. 
 
 300. All other hot objects. 
 
 301. Hot water. 
 
 302. Asphalt, pitch and tar. 
 
 303. Other hot liquids. 
 
 304. Molten metal, explosion of. 
 
 305. Molten metal or slag (all other causes). 
 
 306. Flames and flare-backs — all other. 
 
 307. Hot surfaces — contact with. 
 
 308. Flames and flare-backs — ignition of clothing. 
 
 309. Molten metal at furnace or cupola. 
 
 312. Molten metal, pouring. 
 
 3 1 3. Radiant heat from incandescent metal. 
 
 3 1 4. Metal, hot but not molten — handling of. 
 315. Oxy-acetylene or electric cutting and welding. 
 
 X. POISONOUS AND CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Corrosive Substances. 
 
 310. All other. 
 
 311. Caustic stuffs, alkalies, acids, quicklime. 
 
 Poisonous Substances. 
 
 320. All other. 
 
 57 
 
16 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 Poisonous Gases. 
 
 350. All other. 
 
 Note: To enable the Bureau to properly classify accidents and 
 diseases due to poisonous and corrosive substances you are 
 requested to make note of the most common causes and 
 send this information to the Bureau. 
 
 XI. BOILERS AND STEAM PRESSURE APPARATUS. 
 
 370. Other steam-pressure apparatus — explosion of. 
 
 3 71 . Other steam-pressure apparatus — all other causes. 
 
 372. Steam Boilers — explosion of. 
 
 373. Steam Boilers — all other causes (see 380). 
 
 374. Steam Pipes — explosion of. 
 
 375. Steam Pipes — all other causes. 
 
 376. Steam and hot water gauges — explosion of. 
 
 377. Steam and hot water gauges — all other causes. 
 
 378. Economizers and superheaters — explosion of. 
 
 379. Economizers and superheaters — all other causes. 
 
 380. Steam Boilers — escaping steam and hot ^vater. 
 
 XII. PRIME MOVERS AND POWER TRANSMISSION APPARATUS. 
 
 Prime Movers. 
 
 400. Prime movers, all other. 
 
 401. Steam engines. 
 
 402. Gas or gasoline engines (include all internal combustion 
 
 engines) . 
 
 403. Electric motors and dynamos. 
 
 404. Compressed air motors. 
 
 405. Water motors, wheels or turbines. 
 
 406. Wind motors or windmills. 
 407. 
 
 408. 
 409. 
 
 Note: Accidents in connection with prime movers shall be fur- 
 ther classified by part of machine in accordance with Section 
 1 of the Working Machine Code. 
 
 Power Transmission Apparatus. 
 
 410. Shafts (including collars and couplings). 
 
 411. Set screws, keys and bolts. 
 
 412. Belts and pulleys. 
 
 4 1 3. Chains and sprockets. 
 
 414. Cogs, gears and friction wheels. 
 
 68 
 
17 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 415. Ropes and sheaves. 
 416. 
 
 Note: Accidents upon belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, or other 
 driving mechanism, or parts thereof, which form the con- 
 nection between a machine and the prime mover or inter- 
 mediate drive, should be charged to transmission apparatus. 
 Accidents upon belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, or other driving 
 mechanism, or parts thereof, which connect one part of the 
 machine with another part of the same working machine 
 should be charged to the specific machine and not to trans- 
 mission apparatus. 
 
 XIII. HOISTING APPARATUS. 
 
 Elevators. 
 
 417. 
 
 4 1 8. Car dumping. 
 
 4 1 9. Catching of load or part thereof between car and shaft. 
 
 420. All other. 
 
 42 1 . Cable breaking or unwinding. 
 
 422. Cable — caught by. 
 
 423. Counterweight — struck by. 
 
 424. Caught between car and floor or side of shaft. 
 
 425. Caught between car and gate. 
 
 426. Car — struck by, in pit. 
 
 427. Caught between car and overhead equipment or top of shaft. 
 
 428. Fall of person into shaft. 
 
 429. Objects falling do'wn shaft. 
 
 430. Machinery breaking. 
 
 431. Machinery, caught in. 
 
 432. Gates (n. o. c.) 
 
 433. Cable overwinding (car rising too high). 
 
 434. Car — sudden start or stop. 
 435. 
 
 Note: Elevator accidents shall be further classified by kind of 
 elevator, as follows: 
 
 Elevator?, not mine or construction (Code 1 in Manner 
 
 of Occurrence column). 
 Construction Hoists and Elevators (Code 2 in Manner 
 
 of Occurrence column). 
 Elevators, automatic, and dumbwaiters (Code 3 in 
 
 Manner of Occurrence column). 
 Elevators, sidewalk (Code 4 in Manner of Occurrence 
 
 column). 
 
 Cranes. 
 
 436. Load falling — failure of current on magnet. 
 
 437. Load falling — ^hook or sling breaking. 
 
 59 
 
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 HOISTING APPARATUS (Confd.) 
 Cranes (Cont.) 
 
 438. Load falling — machinery breaking. 
 
 439. Machinery, caught in. 
 
 440. All other. 
 
 44 1 . Derrick or crane striking person. 
 
 442. Cable or chain catching person. 
 
 443. Hook or sling catching person. 
 
 444. Load, struck by, swinging, lowering or raising. 
 
 445. Load falling, cable breaking. 
 
 446. Load falling, hitch slipping. 
 
 447. Objects falling from load, struck by. 
 
 448. Falls from crane, cab, car or track (not in erecting or rigging). 
 
 449. Crane or derrick falling. 
 
 450. Load falling (n. o. c.) 
 45 I . Boom breaking. 
 
 452. Falls from crane load. 
 
 Note: Crane accidents shall be further classified by kind of 
 crane, as follows: 
 
 Travelling Cranes (Code 1 in Manner of Occurrence 
 
 column). 
 Locomotive Cranes (Code 2 in Manner of Occurrence 
 
 column). 
 Derricks and Jib Cranes (Code 3 in Manner of Occur- 
 rence column). 
 
 Mine Cages, Skips and Buckets. 
 
 460. All other. 
 
 461. Cable breaking or unwinding. 
 
 462. Cable — caught by. 
 
 463. Counterweight — struck by. 
 
 464. Car — caught between, and Hoor or side of shaft. 
 
 465. Car — caught between, and gate. 
 
 466. Car — struck by, in pit. 
 
 467. Car — caught between, and overhead equipment or top of shaft. 
 
 468. Fall of person into shaft. 
 
 469. Objects falling down shaft. 
 
 470. Machinery breaking. 
 
 471. Machinery, caught in. 
 
 472. Gates — (n. o. c.) 
 
 473. Cage dumping from overtravel. 
 
 474. Catching load or part thereof between car and shaft. 
 475. 
 
 Miscellaneous Hoisting Apparatus. 
 
 478. 
 
 479. Lowerators. 
 
 480. Blocks and tackles, windlasses, capstans, and winches, n. o. c. 
 
 60 
 
19 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 HOISTING APPARATUS (Confd.) 
 
 485. Hayforks, derricks, and stackers. 
 
 489. Woodstackers. 
 
 Conveyors. 
 
 490. Conveyors (n. o. c.) 
 
 49 1 . Air hoists. 
 
 492. Overhead trolleys. 
 
 493. Belt and chain conveyors. 
 
 494. Screen conveyors. 
 495. 
 
 496. Bucket conveyors. 
 
 497. 
 
 498. 
 
 499. Escalators and platform conveyors. 
 
 Note: All accidents in connection with the above tjrpes of miS' 
 cellaneous hoisting apparatus and conveyors shall be further 
 analyzed as follows: 
 
 Objects falling from (Code 1 in Manner of Occurrence 
 
 column). 
 Caught in (Code 2 in Manner of Occurrence column). 
 Struck by load (Code 3 in Manner of Occurrence 
 
 column). 
 Breaking or collapse of (Code 4 in Manner of Occur- 
 rence column). 
 
 XIV. MACHINERY OTHER THAN WORKING MACHINES. 
 
 Miscellaneous Machinery. 
 
 500. All other. 
 
 501. Turn tables. 
 
 502. Automatic stoker. 
 503. 
 
 504. 
 
 505. Pumps. 
 5 1 0. Fans and blowers. 
 
 515. Compressors (ammonia, air, carbon dioxide and other gas). 
 Note: Accidents in connection with miscellaneous machines 
 shall be further classified by part of machine in accordance 
 with section 2, sub-division 1 , of Working Machine Code. 
 
 61 
 
20 
 CAUSES OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 SECTION 2— WORKING MACHINE ACCIDENTS. 
 Subdivision 1 — -Part of Machine (Manner of Occurrence). 
 
 0. All other (including counterweights, and breaking of machine or 
 
 work) . 
 
 1. Point of operation (see definition below). 
 
 2. Belts and Pulleys (include only accidents occurring in connection 
 
 with belts which directly drive the machine or which form an 
 integral part of machine. In case of doubt as to the nature 
 of the belt, charge the accident to Causes Other Tlian Working 
 Machines: Power Transmission Apparatus — belts. 
 
 3. Cranks or Eccentrics. 
 
 4. Gears, Cogs, Cams, and Friction Wheels — on machine proper. 
 
 (In case of doubt as to whether the gear is a part of machine 
 credit to Transmission Apparatus — gears). 
 
 5. Set Screws, Keys, Bolts, Oil Cups and Pins. 
 
 6. Shafts, Couplings and Clutches. 
 
 7. Centrifugal Explosion (A disruption of a rotating part of machine 
 
 such as fljrwheel, pulley, or revolving vessel, by reason of 
 overspeed, structural defect or weakness and mechanical 
 injury from any cause). 
 
 8. Pressure Explosion (an explosion due to over pressure of steam, 
 
 gas, air, etc., by reason of which all or a portion of a machine 
 is disrupted). 
 
 9. Flying Objects (not due to breaking of machine or work). 
 X. Loose Clothing. 
 
 Y. Guard provided but not used. 
 
 Note: 1. Information for X and Y is to be furnished in addi- 
 tion to classifications to 9. 
 
 2. In cases involving both X and Y, use Y. 
 
 3. Use Manner of Occurrence column for classes to 9. 
 
 4. If caught in spokes of a flywheel or pulley, classify 
 
 as 2 — Belts and Pulleys; if a flywheel or pulley 
 explosion, classify as 7 — Centrifugal Explosion. 
 
 DEFINITION OF "POINT OF OPERATION" OF A WORKING 
 
 MACHINE. 
 
 For the purpose of statistical compilation, the point of operation or 
 "danger zone" of a working machine shall mean that part of the machine 
 where the work is actually inserted and maintained during any process 
 of forming, shaping or any other operation necessary for the production 
 of the object in hand. It shall include, in addition, any zone or zones 
 where any part of the operator's body may be exposed to injury during 
 his or her attention to the shaping or forming of the product in question 
 during any part of the process. For example, the danger zone on a 
 lathe is the zone between the chuck at the head of the lathe and the tail 
 stock supporting the other end of the object being turned. Though 
 the immediate point of operation is the zone where the tool is actually 
 operating or cutting, the entire zone as between the head of the lathe 
 and the tail stock is, for statistical purposes, the point of operation. 
 
 62 
 
21 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 Subdivision 2 — Working Machines. 
 
 STONE, CLAY & GLASS PRODUCTS MACHINES. 
 
 600. Brick Making Machinery (n. o. c.) 
 
 601. Brick cut-off machines. 
 
 602. Dry pans. 
 
 603. Molding machines. 
 
 604. Pug mills. 
 
 605. Cement Making Machinery (n. o. c) 
 
 606. Cement block machines. 
 
 607. Tube mills. 
 608. 
 
 6 1 0. Glass Making Machinery (n. o. c. ) 
 
 611. Polishing wheels. 
 
 612. Presses. 
 
 6 1 3. Surface grinding machines. 
 614. 
 
 615. Pottery Making Machinery. 
 
 616. 
 
 617. 
 
 620. Stone Crushers. 
 
 621. 
 
 622. 
 
 625. Stone Working Machinery Other Than Crushers (n. o. c.) 
 
 626. Drills. 
 
 62 7. Saws. 
 
 628. Rubbing beds. 
 
 641. Planers (Cross index — Metal). 
 
 METAL WORKING MACHINES. 
 
 630. All other metal working machines. 
 
 631. Abrasive w^heels (emery, etc.) 
 
 632. Bending and straightening machines (not rolls) — see 651. 
 
 633. Bolt and nut, pipe cutting, threading and tapping machines. 
 
 634. Boring machines or mills. 
 
 635. Drills (drill presses) — radial and upright or gooseneck. 
 
 636. Milling and gear cutting machines. 
 
 637. Hammers and forging machines. 
 
 638. Lathes and automatic screw machines. 
 
 639. Cleaning mills — tumblers or rumblers. 
 
 640. Molding machines (core, sand mixers, tamping, etc.} 
 
 641. Planers and shapers. 
 
 642. Polishers and buffers. 
 
 643. Portable Power tools (pneumatic and electric drills, hammers 
 
 and riveters). 
 
 644. Presses (power) — (include punches). 
 
 645. Presses (foot and hand operated — no mechanical power). 
 
 646. Rolling mill (includes blooming mills). 
 
 63 
 
22 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 METAL WORKING MACHINES (Cont'd.) 
 
 647. Saws, (band, circular, back, scroll or jig). 
 
 648. Shears (n. o. c. ) 
 
 649. Welding and heat cutting machines. 
 
 650. Wire working machines. 
 
 651. Bending and straightening machines (revolving rolls). 
 
 652. Winding machines (armatures, etc.) 
 
 653. Presses — ^hydraulic, pneumatic and screw. 
 
 Note: Under 636 include broaching, gear cutting and milling 
 machines, die sinkers, keyseaters, profilers, slotters, etc. 
 
 Under 637 include belt, swaging and upsetting ma- 
 chines, drop hammers, forging hammers, scrap breakers, etc. 
 Under 644 include arbor, button, embossing, riveting, 
 stamping, trimming and draw presses, bulldozers, eyeletting 
 machines, punch presses, etc. 
 
 WOODWORKING MACHINES. 
 
 660. All other woodworking machines. 
 
 66 1 . Bending machines. 
 
 662. Boring machines and drills. 
 
 663. Cork working machines. 
 
 664. Lathes. 
 
 665. Mortising machines. 
 
 666. Tenoning, planing and molding machines (n. o. c.) 
 
 667. Presses. 
 
 668. Sanding machines. 
 
 669. Saws (band, scroll or jig). 
 
 670. Saws (circular and all other). 
 
 671. Shapers — (including special head cutters). 
 
 672. Veneering machines (n. o. c. ) 
 
 673. Brush and broom making machines (n. o. c.) 
 
 674. Jointers. 
 
 675. Planers. 
 676. 
 
 LEATHER WORKING MACHINES— TANNERIES. 
 
 680. All other. 
 
 681. Buffing drums. 
 
 682. Other drums and paddle vats. 
 
 683. Fur working machines. 
 
 684. Fleshing, shaving and skiving machines. 
 
 685. Jacks — felting, glassing, rolling, etc. 
 
 686. Presses and baling machines. 
 
 687. Hair washing and drying machines. 
 
 688. Setting up (or setting out) machines. 
 
 689. Splitting machines. 
 
 64 
 
23 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 690. Unhairing machines. 
 
 691. Elxtractors (centrifugal). 
 692. 
 
 693. 
 694. 
 
 LEATHER WORKING MACHINES— LEATHER PRODUCTS. 
 
 700. All other. 
 
 701. Cutting machines. 
 
 702. Punching and pressing machines (including levelers all kinds). 
 
 703. Sewing machines. 
 
 704. Buffing and scouring machines. 
 705. 
 
 706. 
 
 PAPER MAKING MACHINES. 
 
 710. All other. 
 
 711. Barkers, chippers, splitters and grinders. 
 
 712. Beaters (including rag washers). 
 
 713. Screens. 
 
 714. Paper machines. 
 
 715. Rolls and winders. 
 
 716. Cutters and splitters. 
 7 1 7. Choppers. 
 
 7 1 8. Digestors. 
 719. 
 
 PAPER PRODUCTS MACHINES. 
 
 720. All other. 
 
 721. Automatic box making machines. 
 
 722. Covering machines. 
 
 723. Cutting and punching machines. 
 
 724. Doming, embossing and ending machines. 
 
 725. Corner staying machines. 
 
 726. Other staying machines. 
 
 727. Paper and envelope making machines. 
 
 728. Paper finishing machines. 
 
 PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING MACHINES. 
 
 730. Composing machines (type casting and trimming machines). 
 
 731. Gathering machines. 
 
 732. Presses (printing). 
 
 733. Presses (binders) . 
 
 65 
 
24 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 734. Sewing and stitching machines (wire stitchers and staplers). 
 
 735. Other printing machines. 
 
 736. Other bookbinding machines. 
 737. 
 
 738. 
 739. 
 
 TEXTILE MACHINES. 
 
 740. All other. 
 
 741. Opening and cleaning machines. 
 
 742. Carding and combing machines. 
 
 743. Spinning machines. 
 
 744. Weaving machines. 
 
 745. Dyeing, finishing and printing machines. 
 
 746. Braiding and knitting machines. 
 
 747. Rope making machines. 
 
 703. Sewing machines (cross index — leather products). 
 
 748. Cloth cutting and stamping machines. 
 
 749. Hat making machines. 
 
 750. Coating and inlaying machines. 
 75 I . Winders, doublers and quillers. 
 752. 
 
 753. 
 
 LAUNDRY MACHINES. 
 
 755. All other. 
 
 691. Elxtractors (cross index — see leather). 
 
 756. Ironing machines (flat work and body ironers, mangles). 
 
 757. Washing machines (rotary). 
 758. 
 
 759. 
 
 FOOD PRODUCTS MACHINES. 
 
 760. All other. 
 
 761. Cleaning, preparing and sorting machines. 
 
 762. Milling and grinding machines. 
 
 763. Mixing machines and mixing kettles (chocolate mixers, etc. — 
 
 not dough mixers) . 
 
 764. Cookers (not mixers) and ovens. 
 
 765. Shaping and forming machines. 
 
 766. Cutting machines. 
 
 767. Coating and polishing pans. 
 
 768. Calendars (candy rolls, etc.) 
 
 769. Crushers (ice crushers, etc.). 
 
 770. Barreling, bagging, packing and wrapping machines (automatic 
 
 or semi-automatic). 
 
25 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 771. Bottling machines. 
 
 772. Tobacco working machines. 
 
 644. Stamping presses — power operated (cross index, see Metal). 
 
 645. Stamping presses — foot or hand operated (cross index, see 
 
 Metal) . 
 
 773. Dough mixers. 
 
 774. Bleaching and blanching machines. 
 
 773. Containers' washing and cleaning machines. 
 
 776. 
 
 777. 
 
 FARM MACHINES. 
 
 780. All other. 
 
 781. Feed and ensilage cutting and shredding machines. 
 
 782. Harvesters. 
 
 783. Threshers. 
 
 784. Hay pressers and balers. 
 
 785. Shelling machines. 
 
 786. Cream separators. 
 
 787. Cotton gins. 
 788. 
 
 789. 
 
 ENGINEERING AND CONTRACTING MACHINES. 
 
 790. All other. 
 
 791. Concrete mixer. 
 
 792. Rock drills. 
 
 793. File drivers. 
 
 794. Road rollers. 
 
 795. Grouting machines and cement guns. 
 
 796. Well drills. 
 
 797. Trench and ditch digging machines. 
 
 798. Steam shovels. 
 799. 
 
 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS MACHINES. 
 
 Acids and Salts. 
 
 800. All other. 
 
 801. Grinding machines (excluding abrasive wheels). 
 
 803. Agitating mixers, vats and kettles (excluding paint and pony 
 
 mixers) . 
 
 804. Machinery of recovery, such as screens, sifters, filters, and ex- 
 
 tractors (not centrifugal). 
 
 805. Furnaces, ovens, dryers and evaporators, mechanically fed or 
 
 operated. 
 
 67 
 
26 
 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS MACHINES (Cont'd) 
 
 620. Crushers (cross index — stone crushers). 
 831. Calendars (cross index — Rubber). 
 691. Centrifugal extractors (cross index). 
 
 Soaps, Greases, Oils and Fertilizers. 
 
 810. All other. 
 
 803. Agitating mixers, vats and kettles (excluding paint and pony 
 
 mixers) — cross index, acids. 
 
 644. Soap stamping presses — power operated (cross index — Power 
 
 Presses, Metal). 
 
 645. Soap stamping presses — hand and foot operated (cross index — 
 
 Foot Presses, Metal). 
 801. Soap Grinders (cross index — Grinding machines, acids). 
 770. Barreling, bagging, packing and wrapping machines — automatic 
 
 or semi-automatic (cross index — Food Products). 
 
 804. Machinery of recovery, such as screens, sifters, filters, and ex- 
 
 tractors not contrifugal (cross index — acids). 
 
 Drugs. 
 
 815. All other. 
 
 801. Grinding machines (cross index — acids). 
 803. Mixers, excluding pony mixers (cross index — acids). 
 765. Tablet presses and pill machines (cross index — shaping ma- 
 chines, Food). 
 821. Pony Mixers (cross index — paint mixers). 
 
 PAINTS, VARNISHES, DRY COLORS, INKS AND DYES. 
 
 820. All other. 
 
 803. Agitating vats and kettles, excluding paint or pony mixers 
 
 (cross index — acids). 
 82 1 . Pony or paint mixers. 
 801. Grinding machines (cross index — acids). 
 
 804. Machinery of recovery, such as screens, sifters, filters, and ex- 
 
 tractors not centrifugal (cross index — acids). 
 
 805. Furnaces and ovens, mechanically fed or operated (cross index 
 
 — acids) . 
 620. Crushers (cross index — stone crushers). 
 831. Calendars (cross index — rubber). 
 691. Centrifugal extractors (cross index — leather tanneries). 
 
 RUBBER, CELLULOID, COMPOSITION, PEARL, BONE AND 
 TORTOISE SHELL. 
 
 830. All others. 
 
 831. Calendars. 
 
 68 
 
27 
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENT CODE. 
 
 832. Tire and tube making machines. 
 
 833. Hose making machines. 
 
 834. Rubber band choppers and cutters. 
 
 821. Mixers, not of calendar type (cross index — pony mixers, paint). 
 716. Cutting and slitting machines (cross index — paper making). 
 
 835. Tubing and hose wrapping machines. 
 
 639. Tumblers (cross index — cleaning mills, metal). 
 
 645. Presses, foot and hand operated (cross index — metal). 
 
 837. Tubing machines. 
 
 702. Punching and pressing machines (press and die type) — (cross 
 index — ^leather products) . 
 
 838. Comb cutting machines and ornament shapers. 
 
 839. Drills (button, etc.). 
 
 840. Grinding, crashing, milling and cracking machines. 
 
 836. Tire wrapping machines. 
 
 MINING AND ORE REFINING MACHINES. 
 
 850. All other. 
 
 851. Sackett machine (gypsum products). 
 852. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 870. Office machines. 
 
 871. All other. 
 
 872. Amusement devices machines. 
 
 873. Dock machinery. 
 
 69 
 
28 
 
 0. 
 
 "PER CENT. OF IMPAIRMENT" CODE. 
 
 T Total Disability. 
 
 1 Impairment of 1 0% or less. 
 
 2 
 
 3. 
 4. 
 5. 
 6. 
 7. 
 8. 
 9. 
 
 11% 
 
 to 20%. 
 
 21% 
 
 ■' 30%. 
 
 31% 
 
 " 40%. 
 
 41% 
 
 " 50%. 
 
 51% 
 
 •• 60%. 
 
 61% 
 
 •• 70%. 
 
 71% 
 
 •' 80%. 
 
 81% 
 
 " 90%. 
 
 Any % over 90 will be considered total disability. 
 
 KIND OF INJURY CODE. 
 
 1. Temporary Total. 
 
 2. Temporary Partial. 
 
 3. Permanent Total. 
 
 4. Dismemberment. 
 
 5. Loss of Use. 
 
 6. Permanent Partial — not Dismemberment or Loss of Use. 
 
 7. Disfigurement. 
 
 8. Fatal — no dependents. 
 
 9. Fatal — ^with dependents. 
 
 70 
 
29 
 KIND OF PAYMENT CODE. 
 
 Fatal. 
 
 01. Funeral Expenses (including payments to State). 
 
 02. Death Benefits. 
 03. 
 
 04. 
 05. 
 06. 
 07. 
 08. 
 09. Liability Claims. 
 
 Non-Fatal. 
 10. 
 
 I I . Temporary Total. 
 1 2.- Temporary Partial. 
 
 1 3. Permanent Total. 
 
 14. Specific Benefits (dismemberment, hernia, etc.). 
 1 5 . Loss of Use. 
 
 1 6. Permanent Partial — not Dismemberment or Loss of Use. 
 1 7. Disfigurement. 
 
 1 8. All other compensation payments. 
 
 1 9. Liability claims. 
 
 71 
 
30 
 
 'STATE" CODE. 
 
 01. Alabama. 25. 
 
 02. Arizona. 26. 
 
 03. Arkansas. 27. 
 
 04. California. 28. 
 
 05. Colorado. 29. 
 
 06. Connecticut. 30. 
 
 7. Delaware. 3 1 . 
 
 08. Dist. of Columbia. 32. 
 
 09. Florida. 33. 
 lb. Georgia. 34. 
 n. Idaho. 35. 
 
 12. Illinois. 36. 
 
 1 3. Indiana. 3 7. 
 
 14. Iowa. ■ 38. 
 i5. Kansas. 39. 
 1 6. Kentucky. 40. 
 
 1 7. LouisianEU 4 1 . 
 
 18. Maine. 42. 
 
 19. Maryland. 43. 
 
 20. Massachusetts. 44. 
 
 21. Michigan. 45. 
 
 22. Minnesota. 46. 
 
 23. Mississippi. 47. 
 
 24. Missouri. 48. 
 
 Montana. 
 
 Nebraska. 
 
 Nevada. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 New Mexico. 
 
 New York. 
 
 North Carolina. 
 
 North Dakota. 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 Oklahoma. 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 South Carolina. 
 
 South Dakota. 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 Texas. 
 
 Utah. 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 Virginia. 
 
 Washington. 
 
 West Virginia. 
 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 49. Wyoming. 
 
 5 0. Canada. 
 
 51. Mexico. 
 
 52. Hawaiian Islands. 
 34. Alaska. 
 
 55. Cuba. 
 
 56. Panama Canal 
 
 Zone. 
 
 57. Philippine Islands. 
 
 Provinces in Canada. 
 
 61. Alberta. 
 
 62. British Columbia. 
 
 63. Manitoba. 
 
 64. New Brunswick. 
 
 65. Newfoundland. 
 
 66. Nova Scotia. 
 
 6 7. Ontario. 
 
 68. Prince Edward Is. 
 
 69. Quebec. 
 
 70. Saskatchewan. 
 
 71. Northwest Terri- 
 
 tories. 
 
 72. Yukon. 
 
 72 
 
31 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES 
 Code 
 No. Poisoning by 
 
 01. Ammonia 
 
 02. Amyl Alcohol 
 
 03. Aniline 
 
 04. Aniline Dyes 
 
 05. Antimony (compounds) 
 
 06. Arsenic 
 
 07. Arseniuretted Hydrogen 
 
 08. Benzine 
 
 09. Benzol 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 .A highly irritant and penetrating gas. 
 Poisoning .by inhalation. Industries: 
 gas and chemical works, manufacture 
 of sal ammoniac, refrigerating plants, 
 varnish and dye works, calico printing, 
 bleaching, tanning. 
 
 .A colorless, oily fluid used in prepara- 
 tion of fruit essences, aniline dyes and 
 in rectification of spirits. Poisoning by 
 inhalation of vapor. 
 
 .A colorless oil. Poisoning by absorp- 
 tion through skin by direct contact or 
 saturation of clothing, and by inhala- 
 tion as vapor and dust Industries: 
 manufacturing of aniline and deriva- 
 tives, also of aniline dyes. 
 
 . Dye stufiFs acting on the skin and res- 
 piratory organs in the form of dust. 
 
 .Industries: preparation of type and 
 white metal, Britannia metal, fire- 
 works, paints, aniline dyes, etc. En- 
 ters the body in form of vapor or dust. 
 
 .Occurs in following industries: Mining, 
 foundries, chemical works, aniline and 
 other dyes, wall paper, oil cloth, tan- 
 ning, etc. Enters the body as vapor 
 or dust. 
 
 .A gas developed in the production of 
 hydrogen in the arts and in the manu- 
 facture of hydrochloric and sulphuric 
 acids. Enters the body in the form of 
 gas through the organs of respiration, 
 
 .A fluid. Enters the body in form of 
 vapor through organs of respiration. 
 Industries: benzine distillation, cleans- 
 ing plants, lacquer, varnish and India 
 rubber industries, mfg. of waterproof 
 material, etc. 
 
 .Vapor of this fluid enters the body 
 through organs of respiration. Used 
 in the industries which use benzine. 
 
 73 
 
32 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES— Conld. 
 Code 
 No. Poisoning by 
 
 10. Brass (Brass Chills) 
 
 1 1 . Bronze 
 
 12. Carbon Dioxide (Carbonic 
 Acid Gas)' 
 
 1 3. Carbon Disulphide 
 
 14. Carbon Monoxide 
 
 15. Chloride of Lime. 
 
 1 6. Chlorine 
 
 1 7. Chromium (or its com- 
 pounds) 
 
 Reineurks. 
 
 .Also called "brass founders' ague." 
 An illness attended by shivering. 
 Caused by dust and fumes produced 
 in the casting, filing, cutting and pol- 
 ishing of brass which is an alloy of 
 zinc and copper. 
 
 .Occurs in bronzing work with bronze 
 powder or liquor. 
 
 A colorless, odorless gas generated in 
 mines, sewers and wells, in manufac- 
 ture of carbonic acid, mineral waters, 
 compressed yeast; in breweries, etc. 
 Large quantities occasion sudden death 
 by suffocation. 
 
 .In form of vapor it enters the body 
 through respiratory organs; as a fluid, 
 through the skin. It causes heavy 
 damage to red blood corpuscles and 
 to the central nervous system. Used 
 in the extraction and dissolving of fats 
 and oils, in vulcanizing rubber, in imi- 
 tation silk factories, etc. 
 
 .An odorless, tasteless gas evolved from 
 blast furnaces, in manufacture of illu- 
 minating gas, in explosions, in coal 
 mines, in cement and brick works and 
 in tunneling. 
 
 .A white granular powder. Poisoning 
 by inhalation as vapor or dust; also 
 acts directly on the skin. Used in 
 bleaching establishments, for disinfec- 
 tion, in manufacture of chloroform,, 
 oxygen, dyes and in calico printing. 
 
 .A suffocating gas of penetrating odor. 
 Poisoning by inhalation and occurs in 
 bleacheries, paper mills, laundries, tin- 
 ning works, etc. 
 
 Manufacture of chrome steel, hecto- 
 graphs, matches; mineral tanning; 
 photography, etc. Enters the body in 
 the form of dust or by absorption 
 through the skin. 
 
 74 
 
33 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES — Contd. 
 Code 
 
 No. PouoninK by Remarks. 
 
 1 8. Ferro Silicon This substance, a mixture of iron and 
 
 silica, when brought in contact with 
 water, evolves phosphurated and 
 arseniuretted gases, both of which are 
 powerful poisons. Wholesale poison- 
 ing is liable to occur upon steamers 
 carrying ferro-silicon in their holds. 
 Dock laborers employed in unloading 
 ferro-silicon are also subject to this 
 danger. 
 
 19. Formaldehyde A liquid used in coal-tar color industry 
 
 and for disinfecting and preserving. 
 Inhalation in the form of vapor pro- 
 duces intense irritation of the skin and 
 mucous membranes. 
 
 20. Gassing (not otherwise Poisoning by Carbon Monoxide gas, 
 specified) illuminating gas, marsh gas, eltc. 
 
 21. Hydiochloric Acid A colorless gas. Poisoning occurs in 
 
 potteries, enameling works, glass fac- 
 tories, in chemical, india rubber and 
 shoddy industry; manufacture of fer- 
 tilizer, cotton print works, etc. 
 
 22. Hydrofluoric Acid A colorless gas of pungent odor. In 
 
 the form of gas enters the body 
 through respiratory organs. In fluid 
 state acts on the skin and mucous 
 membranes. Poisonings occur in prac- 
 tically the same industries that are 
 enumerated under hydrochloric acid. 
 
 23. Lead Known as plumbism, lead colic, paint- 
 ers' and miners' colic. Causes par- 
 alysis (wrist drop), insanity, death and 
 disturbances in the sexual sphere in 
 women (abortion, premature birth, etc.) 
 Occurs in any process involving the 
 use of lead or its preparations and com- 
 pounds. According to some authori- 
 ties lead is used and poisoning occurs 
 in 1 50 trades. 
 
 23. Lead Colic See 23— Lead. 
 
 i I 24. Manganese (Manganese Caused by inhalation of the dust. 
 Dioxide) Symptoms: Paraesthesia, tremors, de- 
 
 rangement of articulation, mental de- 
 pression, paralysis. 
 
 75 
 
84 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES — Contd. 
 Code 
 No. Poisoning by Remarks. 
 
 25. Mercury (Quicksilver) . . . .Known also as "mercurial tremors." 
 
 Absorbed in form of vapor or dust. 
 Occurs in mercury and gold mining, 
 smelting, gilding and silvering; mirror 
 making, photography, steel engraving; 
 manufacture of felt hats, etc. 
 
 Mercurial Tremors See 2 5 — Mercury. 
 
 Methyl Alcohol See 34 — Wood Alcohol. 
 
 Miners* Colic See 23 — Lead. 
 
 26. Nitrobenzol (and its de- A colorless fluid. Absorption takes 
 rivatives and compounds) place through the skin and organs of 
 
 respiration and digestion. Poisoning 
 occurs in coal-tar color industry, in ex- 
 plosive 'works, perfumery and soap 
 factories, pharmaceutical laboratories, 
 etc. 
 
 2 7. Nitrous Gases Poisoning by inhalation in gaseous 
 
 form occurs in chemical and celluloid 
 works, in preparation of nitric, sul- 
 phuric and picric acids, aniline, nitro- 
 glycerine, etching of metals, hat mak- 
 ing, stamp mills, mints, etc. 
 
 28. Nitroglycerine An oily, colorless fluid. Poisoning by 
 
 inhalation of the vapor and by absorp- 
 tion through the skin. Occurs in the 
 manufacture of explosives and in the 
 use of dynamite. 
 
 Painters' Colic See 23 — Lead. 
 
 29. Petroleum Poisoning by inhalation of its vapor, 
 
 occurs in production of the oil and in 
 refining of the crude oil. Causes acute 
 poisoning with a condition of inebria- 
 tion accompanied by shouting, reeling 
 and prolonged sleep. Symptoms in 
 general resemble those resulting from 
 benzine poisoning. 
 
 30. Phosphorus Also known as "phossy jaw" and 
 
 "phosphorous necrosis." Poisoning 
 by inhalation of the vapor and by 
 means of food contaminated by dirty 
 fingers. 
 
 76 
 
35 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES—Contd. 
 Code 
 No. PoLoning by Remarks. 
 
 3 1 . Phosphuretted Hydrogen ... A colorless gas of nauseating odor. 
 
 Poisoning by inhalation in the extrac- 
 tion of phosphorus; in the preparation 
 of phosphorous compounds, in the re- 
 duction of iron silicate containing phos- 
 phorus; by the action of moisture and 
 in production of acetylene. 
 
 Plumbism See 23 — Lead. 
 
 32. Sulphuretted Hydrogen ... A colorless gas, having the fetid odor 
 
 of rotten eggs. Poisoning by inhala- 
 tion of the gas. Occurs in tanneries, 
 sewers, illuminating gas plants, blast 
 furnaces; in the manufacture of 
 matches and of sulphur and phos- 
 phorous compounds; in Leblanc soda 
 and chemical factories, etc. 
 
 33. Sulphuric Acid A colorless and odorless fluid. Poison- 
 
 ing by inhalation of the vapor. Occurs 
 in manufacture of sulphuric acid; in 
 textile industry, hat factories, petrol- 
 eum distillation, and in manufacture of 
 powdered fertilizers. 
 
 34. Wood Alcohol A colorless fluid of faint odor, pro- 
 
 duced by dry distillation of wood. 
 Used in preparation of varnish, lac- 
 quer polish and perfumes, for dena- 
 turing of spirits; also used in combina- 
 tion with shellac, in cabinet making 
 and furniture polishing; as a solvent 
 for aniline dyes; for adulterating whis- 
 key and in hair tonics. Poisoning by 
 inhalation of the vapor and by absorp- 
 tion through the skin and digestive 
 organs. The effect is persistent and 
 very serious. Absorption of a small 
 quantity frequently causes blindness, 
 deafness, delirium, affection of respira- 
 tory organs, and even death by par- 
 alysis of the heart. 
 
 35. Wood (African Boxwood Workers in the following woods are 
 
 and others) subject to poisoning and other affec- 
 tions: African Boxwood, California 
 Sequoia, Japanese "Tagayasa," satin- 
 wood, teakwood, redwood, cokus 
 
 77 
 
36 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 POISONOUS SUBSTANCES-Contd. 
 Code 
 No. Disease Remarks. 
 
 wood, cocoa-bola, ebony, etc. This is 
 due to alkaloids and other toxic sub- 
 stances contained in these woods. 
 
 36 
 
 37 . 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 PULMONARY DISEASES CAUSED 
 BY DUST AND FIBRES 
 
 5 1 . Anthracosis Or coal miners' phthisis. Due to in- 
 
 halation of coal dust. 
 
 52. Byssinosis A lung disease caused by inhalation of 
 
 cotton particles. 
 
 Chalicosis See 56 — Silicosis. 
 
 Coal Miners' phthisis See 5 1 — ^Anthracosis. 
 
 Knife grinders' phthisis. . . .See 55 — Siderosis. 
 
 53. Pneumokoniosis (not oth- Under this term are included all lung 
 
 erwise specified) diseases caused by dust. Such dis- 
 
 eases are attended by an increase of 
 the fibrous tissue of the organs — ^hard- 
 ening or fibrosis of the lungs. 
 
 78 
 
37 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 PULMONARY DISEASES CAUSED BY 
 
 DUST AND FIBRES— Contd. 
 Code 
 No. Duease Remarks. 
 
 54. Potters' Rot or Potters' A form of lung disease common 
 
 Asthma among workers engaged in manufac- 
 
 ture of pottery. Due to inhalation of 
 clay dust. 
 
 55. Siderosis Met with in persons who work in 
 
 operations producing iron or steel 
 dust, such as cutlery grinders, tool 
 sharpeners; workers in red oxide of 
 iron, such as looking glass makers, 
 gold beaters, glass polishers, etc. 
 
 56. Silicosis A pulmonary dust disease caused by 
 
 inhalation of stone or other non- 
 metallic mineral dust. The men who 
 are liable to this disease are grinders, 
 brickmakers, etc. 
 
 Stone Cutters' Rot See 56 — Silicosis. 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 DISEASES CAUSED BY PARASITES 
 AND MICRO-ORGANISM 
 
 61. Ankylostomiasis Also known as miners' hookworm and 
 
 miners' anemia. Occurs in mines, tun- 
 nels, among brick vrorkers, etc. 
 Caused by the intestinal parasite, 
 ankylostoma duodenale. Spread by 
 means of human faeces. Provision of 
 portable sanitary appliances and dis- 
 infecting stools with sulphuric acid 
 will prevent contamination of mines 
 by this parasite. 
 
 62. Anthrax An infectious disease transmitted by 
 
 a micro-organism, the bacillus anthra- 
 cis. Acquired in the handling of wool, 
 hair, bristles, hides and skins. There 
 are three forms of this disease: cutan- 
 eous, pulmonary and intestinal. Also 
 known as "wool-sorters' disease." 
 
 79 
 
38 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 DISEASES CAUSED BY PARASITES 
 
 AND MICRO-ORGANISM— Contd. 
 Code 
 No. Disease Remarks. 
 
 63. Farcy An infectious disease transmitted by 
 
 the same germ (bacillus mallei) which 
 causes glanders. It is termed "Farcy" 
 when the disease only affects the skin. 
 
 64. Foot and Mouth Disease. . .This disease, which attacks cattle, pigs 
 
 and sheep, is occasionally transmitted 
 to man through infected meat as well 
 as by handling cattle. Butchers, cow- 
 boys, drivers, stablemen, horse dealers 
 and milkmen are liable to become in- 
 fected. 
 
 65. Glanders An infectious disease acquired in the 
 
 care of horses suffering from glanders 
 or in the handling of carcass of such 
 animals. Caused by the bacillus mallei. 
 
 66. Lockjaw See 66 — Tetanus. 
 
 66. Tetanus (Lockjaw). Limited to infection by 
 
 Tetanus bacillus through material 
 handled in occupation. Cases of 
 tetanus resulting from infected wounds 
 excluded, as these must be considered 
 injuries arising out of accidents. 
 
 67. Tuberculosis Considered either as (1 ) directly at- 
 
 tributable to the occupation, or (2) 
 as the terminal disease of various in- 
 dustrial affections. Cases resulting 
 from traumatism, e. g., contusions, 
 bruises, fractures, etc., to be excluded. 
 
 68. Pneumonia Limited to cases resulting from ex- 
 
 posure. Traumatic pneumonia ex- 
 cluded. 
 
 69. Sugar Boils An affection confined to the sugar in- 
 
 dustry. Also known as "lymphan- 
 gitis of sugar makers." 
 
 70 
 
 DUE TO FATIGUE. STRAINS, EXCESSIVE 
 LIGHT AND HEAT, FRICTION, ETC. 
 
 7 1 . Amblyopia Temporary loss of vision. Occurs in 
 
 tobacco workers, dye workers, etc. 
 
 80 
 
39 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 DUE TO FATIGUE, STRAINS, EXCESSIVE 
 
 LIGHT AND HEAT, FRICTION, ETC.-Contd. 
 
 Code 
 
 No. Disease 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 72. Asthenopia 
 
 73. Electric Ophthalmia 
 
 .An affection of the eyes (retinal 
 fatigue) caused by constant contrac- 
 tion of pupils in the effort to exclude 
 light. Occurs in trades such as gilders, 
 metal polishers, glass workers, etc., 
 compelling a close attention to pol- 
 ished surfaces. 
 
 .An affection of the eyes due to intense 
 light and heat evolved in electric weld- 
 ing. 
 
 . Glassworkers exposed to the intense 
 glare of molten glass are subject to 
 this malady. 
 
 .An affection of the eyes due to their 
 peculiar way of looking at their work. 
 Causes oscillation and unsteadiness of 
 the eyeballs. Occurs in mining and 
 occasionally in other occupations. 
 
 76. Myopia Impairment of vision due to close at- 
 tention to fine w^ork as in the case of 
 lithographers, engravers, etc. 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 74. Glassworkers' Cataract 
 
 75. Miners' Nystagmus 
 
 CRAMPS AND OTHER NERVE 
 AFFECTIONS 
 
 81. Occupation Neurosis (not 
 otherwise specified) . . . 
 
 .Under this general term are included 
 diseases arising from fatigue, physical 
 strain, high nerve-tension and sus- 
 tained volitionary muscular move- 
 ments. It affects cigar makers, seam- 
 stresses, typesetters, w^riters, typists, 
 telegraphers, pneumatic tool users 
 (from vibration), etc. The nerves 
 and muscles of the hand and arm are 
 involved in 90 per cent of the cases 
 of neurosis. 
 
40 
 
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 CRAMPS AND OTHER NERVE 
 AFFECTIONS — Contd. 
 Code 
 No. Disease Remarks. 
 
 82. Telegraphers' Cramp Or Telegraphists' Spasm. 
 
 83. Writers' Cramp Also writers' palsey and scriveners' 
 
 spasm. 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 86 
 
 87. Boilermakers' Deafness . . . Due to excessive vibration of the tym- 
 
 panic membrane and bones and fluid 
 in the ear. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF JOINTS AND 
 TENDONS 
 
 88. Bursitis Known in England as "beat elbow." 
 
 A chronic inflammation of the bursa 
 (a sack containing the lubricating fluid 
 of the joint) over the elbow, due to 
 prolonged pressure. 
 
 89. Cellulitis of the hand Known in England as "beat hand." 
 
 Subcutaneous inflammation, due to 
 friction, usually on the palmar surface. 
 
 90. Bursitis over patella Known in England as "beat knee." 
 
 9 1 . Sjmovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of 
 
 the wrist joint and tendon sheaths. 
 
 92. Dupuytren's Contraction ...Contraction of the palmar tendon 
 
 sheaths due to prolonged pressure on 
 tools and other hard objects. 
 
 93 
 
 94 
 
 95 
 
 96 
 
 DUE TO COMPRESSED AIR 
 97. Compressed Air Disease. 
 
 , Also called "caisson disease" and the 
 "bends." Occurs after too hasty 
 emergence from air pressure. Under 
 high pressure the atmospheric air is 
 
 S2 
 
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CODE— Continued. 
 
 DUE TO COMPRESSED AK— Contd. 
 
 Code 
 
 No. Disease Remarks. 
 
 dissolved in the blood and tissues; 
 during decompression there is a rapid 
 disengagement of the gas in the form 
 of bubbles, which block the blood 
 vessels and tear the tissues. 
 
 98. Divers' Paralysis Due to too rapid ascent after diving. 
 
 Cause and symptoms practically the 
 same as in caisson disease. 
 
 99 
 
 83 
 
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
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