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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028043887
MODERN HISTORY
OF THE
CITY OF LONDON
MODERN HISTORY
OF THE
CITY OF LONDON
A RECORD OF MUNICIPAL AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
FROM 1760 TO THE PRESENT DAY
By CHARLES WELCH F.S.A.
LIBRARIAN TO THE CORPORATION OF LONDON
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS T)RJWN AND SELECTED BT
PHILIP NORMAN F.S.A.
^Toujour S'
Tret}
LONDON
BLADES EAST & BLADES 23 ABCHURCH LANE E.G.
1896
J)
BLADES, EAST & BLADES,
Printers,
23, Abchurch Lane, London, E.G.
PREFACE.
/>=^ -^r ^/P'r /^
HE scope of the following work is fully described in
the publishers' prospectus which is re-printed after
the list of subscribers at the end of the volume.
It is for the reader to say how far the promises
held forth have been fulfilled.
The difficulty of condensing into a single volume a record of the
period covered by the work has proved greater than was anticipated,
and has only been effected by somewhat ruthlessly cutting down the
material both in manuscript and in proof.
It is confidently believed, however, that no incident of importance
has been omitted, and that, on the other hand, only such facts are
recorded as may justly be considered to be of general public interest.
The main object in view being the usefulness of the book as a work
of reference, economy of space has over-ruled all other considerations,
and it is hoped that readers will forgive the baldness and occasional
incongruity of the chronological method.
A special feature of the work is the record of the proceedings of
the Corporation of London. The practical result of their admirable
IV PREFACE.
government of the City is well shown in the contrast afforded by
a picture of the City of London at the close of 1894 as compared with
its condition at the beginning of George Ill's reign.
The story of the Corporation and its work extends to Deptford,
the Thames mouth, West Ham, Epping Forest, Burnham Beeches, and
many other places beyond the ' one square mile.' With this exception
the work is strictly limited to the history of the City of London proper ;
to have attempted to include outer London would have necessitated at
least another volume.
For the assistance of the reader the year is placed at the top of
each page, and the mayoralty is indicated by the insertion of the name
of the Lord Mayor for each year in the month of November, on the
ninth day of which the newly-elected Chief Magistrate commences
his year of office.
Every effort has been made to secure accuracy, but the author
asks indulgence in this respect on account of the large number of facts
recorded and of authorities consulted. For the earlier period, the chief
sources of information were the "Gentleman's Magazine" and the
"Annual Register." Official publications consulted include the printed
minutes and reports of the Common Council and other public bodies,
Corporation Addresses, and London's Roll of Fame. For the last forty
years, the file of the City Press has been chiefly used. Among other
valuable authorities the following have been largely consulted: The
" British Almanack and Companion," Timbs' " Curiosities of London,"
the "Corporation Pocket Book," various Histories of the Livery
Companies, etc.
The best thanks of the author are due in the first place to his
friend and coadjutor Mr. Philip Norman, F.S.A., whose admirable
PREFACE. V
artistic taste and skill have largely added to the interest of the work.
Grateful acknowledgment must be made to the Library Committee of
the Corporation of London for their kind permission to reproduce
pictures of London scenes in the Guildhall Library and the Art Gallery;
also to the Worshipful Company of Grocers for allowing a reproduction
of their etching of old Grocers' Hall and Garden. The valuable help of
the Rev. James Christie, Mr. H. Frisby, Mr. F. J. Gould, the author's
son Mr. H. C. Welch, and Mr. Alfred F. Blades, who has taken great
personal interest in every stage of the work, deserves most cordial
recognition.
London, October, i8g6
A I
Descriptive List of the Illustrations.
By PHILIP NORMAN, F.S.A.
In selecting Illustrations, our objects have been various. We have shown old customs, historic
events, pictures of civic ceremonies, and quaint and interesting buildings, now "improved" away.
We give specimens of the sculpture and architecture of to-day, and show something of the fine open
spaces preserved to future generations by the tact and energy of the Corporation. Our views of the
aspects of modern streets and street traffic are not very numerous, but among them we would draw
attention to that used as a frontispiece which is from one of the most reaUstic pictures of modern times.
ROYAL EXCHANGE AND BANK OF ENGLAND. From picture by W. Logsdail, exhibited at the Royal Academy Ft-onlispiece
OLD LONDON BRIDGE, SHORTLY BEFORE THE HOUSES WERE REMOVED IN 1758. From the picture by S. ScOtt,
now in the Guildhall Art Gallery 2
CHEAPSIDE ON LORD MAYOR'S DAY, 1761. George III and his Queen are viewing the Procession from
Mr. Barclay's house opposite the church of St. Mary-le-Bow. The print from which this is taken was
by J. June, who engraved some of Hogarth's work 6
BLUE-COAT BOYS DRAWING THE STATE LOTTERY AT GUILDHALL, 1763 II
MOUTH OF RIVER FLEET. From picture by S. Scott, now in the Guildhall Art Gallery 15
BRIDEWELL BRIDGE. From a water-colour drawing in Guildhall Library. This was a stone bridge over the
Fleet river, for the use of foot passengers, who ascended and descended by steps. It was built in 1722 16
PLAN OF CORNHILL FIRE, I765 17
BACK OF dick's COFFEE-HOUSE, HARE COURT, TEMPLE. Drawn in 1891. The brick buildings to the left have
since been pulled down. Dick's Coffee-house was named after Richard Turner, landlord in 1680 20
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, WARWICK LANE. This building, designed by Wren, was erected 1674, and pulled
down 1866 25
ENTRANCE TO THE CHESHIRE CHEESE TAVERN, WINE OFFICE COURT — EVENING. This is perhaps the least
changed of all the old London taverns. Oliver Goldsmith lodged at No. 6, Wine Office Court for about
two years, from 1760 to 1762 28
PORTRAIT OF LORD MAYOR BECKFORD, who died in office 2ist June, 1770 TT
REMAINS OF THE BULL INN, 25, HIGH STREET, ALDGATE. An old coaching inn referred to in the Pickwick
Papers. Drawn in 1886, Aldgate Avenue now occupies the site - -37
THANET HOUSE, ALDERSGATE STREET, sometimes called Shaftesbury House, the London home of the Tuftons,
Earls of Thanet, also of Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, in whose time Locke lived.
Designed by Inigo Jones, it was pulled down in 1882 jg
PORTRAIT OF JOHN WILKES, Lord Mayor, 1776 - 45
A 2
viii List of Illustrations.
NEW LON
the
^^DON BRIDGE. This sketch was made from Fenning's Wharf, which covers the ground formerly occupied by
e Southwark end of old London Bridge, the relative position of which it shows as compared with the
present structure ••---...
I'AGE
Lloyd's underwriters' room, royal exchange — present day - - 47
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY HOUSES. Still Standing on the south side of Aldgate High Street - 50
NORTH FRONT OF STOCKS MARKET WITH THE STATUE OF CHARLES II. In mid-distance appears the dome of
St. Stephen's, Walbrook. This important City market was closed in 1737, the Mansion House being
shortly afterwards built on the site - - -57
RIOT IN BROAD STREET, JUNE 7, 1780. The Honourable Artillery Company firing on Gordon Rioters. One or
two of the figures are portraits. {^^& History of the Honourable Artillery Company. By Col. Raikes. ) - 59
BURNING AND PLUNDERING OF NEWGATE BY THE RIOTERS, JUKE, 1780 61
BANK OF ENGLAND, AND CHURCHES OF ST. CHRISTOPHER-LE- STOCKS AND ST. BARTHOLOMEW - BY -THE -
EXCHANGE. From an aquatint by T. Malton, 1781 64
SCULPTURED SIGN OF BEAR, LOWER THAMES STREET. One of a numerous class of signs set up immediately
after the Great Fire. It probably marked Bear Key - - 68
CHRISTOPHER ATKINSON STANDING IN THE PILLORY, FOR FRAUD, 25 NOV., 1785 7I
FRONT ENTRANCE TO SIEVE INN, MINORIES, closed in 1886 - 77
STOw's MONUMENT IN THE CHURCH OF ST. ANDREW UNDERSHAFT. The idea is prevalent that this monument
is of terra-cotta, but it is clearly alabaster. It was considered appropriate to give this illustration of the first
historian of London. He died April 5, 1605 - - 80
CITY OF LONDON MILITIAMAN, 1896 - ... gg
EMANUEL HOSPITAL, OR DACRe's ALMSHOUSES, JAMES STREET, WESTMINSTER. Lately demolished - 87
STREET CRIES: "FINE STRAWBERRIES." By F. Wheatley, R.A. - go
grocers' HALL AND GARDENS. Now built Over. From picture by F. W. W. Topham, in Grocers' Hall, 1890 98
EAST END OF ST. HELEN'S CHURCH AND LEATHERSELLERs' HALL, 1798. The members of CornhiU Military
Association are being reviewed - - 100
PUMP IN CORNHILL, BY THE ROYAL EXCHANGE, 180O. It is Still in existence - I02
OLD HOUSES, LONDON WALL, 1803. Drawn by J. T. Smith - - . log
PORTRAIT OF JOHN BOYDELL, Lord Mayor, 1790 - - - 113
WINCHESTER STREET, 1804. Drawn by J. T. Smith. At the end of the street is shown a part of Winchester House 115
KITCHEN RANGE, 23, GREAT WINCHESTER STREET. The fine old City ' Mansion which contained this was
destroyed in 1890 . . jjg
LONDON WORKHOUSE, 1819. From Wilkinson's ZoW««a ///?«/ra^fl. One of the earliest institutions of the kind
in England. It was on the west side of Bishopsgate Street Without- - - . 123
MERCERS' SCHOOL, AND CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, PATERNOSTER ROYAL, COLLEGE HILL. The carved doorways
in the foreground date from soon after the Great Fire ; they are still there, the school is removed to Barnard's
Inn - - . 128
BARNARD'S INN HALL, OCCUPIED SINCE 1893 AS PART OF MERGERS' SCHOOL. This represents Barnard's Inn
while still an Inn of Chancery. The portrait of Chief Justice Holt over the fireplace is now in the National
Portrait Gallery - . . . j,q
OLD HOUSES, LITTLE MOORFIELDS, 1810. Drawn by J. T. Smith - - . . .J,,
THE OLD " CHARLIES,'' 1820-1. Drawn by G. Cruikshank. The watchmen, thus nicknamed, feeble predecessors
of our Police -- .. .. g
CHAPEL OF LEADENHALL, l8l2. Drawn by J. T. Smith - . . j,y
COURT OF PIE-POWDER, BARTHOLOMEW FAIR. This was a Court held for the trial of petty cases during the Fair 143
PORTRAIT OF SIR MATTHEW WOOD ; Lord Mayor, 1815 and i8i6
POULTRY COMPTER (interior), 1811. Drawn by J. T. Smith - - . ..g
OLD HALL OF THE LEATHERSELLERS' COMPANY. One of the few Companies' Halls which escaped the Great Fire.
It had been part of the hall of the Priory of the Nuns of St. Helen's. Taken down in 1799, and since twice
rebuilt
155
157
List of Illustrations. ix
PAGE
EN-TRANCE TO GREAT ST. HELEN'S, LOOKING TOWARDS BISHOPSGATE STREET. Destroyed 1892-4. The build-
ings at tlie entrance dated from before the Great Fire ; to the spectator's right was Judd's Almhouse - 162
TOWER OF LONDON. From an etching by W, Hollar 164
OLD CHURCH OF ST. DUNSTAN-IN-THE-WEST, 1800. To the right are shown the old gabled houses lately demolished 166
SIGN OF THE boar's HEAD, EASTCHEAP. Now in the Guildhall Museum 168
PORTRAIT OF ROBERT WAITHMAN, Lord Mayor, 1823 171
oriel window of CROSBY HALL, FACING GREAT ST. HELEN'S. Since this drawing was made in 1893, the
window has been entirely renewed 175
BURNING OF THE SECOND ROYAL EXCHANGE 1 78
THE SECOND ROYAL EXCHANGE (EXTERIOR). The first Royal Exchange, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, was
opened 23 Jan., 1570-71, and destroyed in the Great Fire; the second, designed by Edward Jarman, City
Surveyor, was burnt down 10 Jan., 1838 - 179
ARCADES OF THE SECOND ROYAL EXCHANGE - - - 180
CHURCH OF ST. BENET FINK. Erected by Sir Christopher Wren. Taken down in 1842, to make room for the
approaches to the new Royal Exchange - 189
FLEET PRISON, 1807. Interior Court, with prisoners playing at racquets. From a drawing by Pugin and Rowlandson 190
SWORD-RESTS, CHURCH OF ST. MARY-AT-HILL. Until of late years it Was customary for the Lord Mayor to attend
in state one or other of the City churches. He was usually accompanied by the Sheriffs and Common
Councilmen of the Ward, and escorted by the Sword-bearer and Mace-bearer, the former carrying the
State Sword. This necessitated a convenient stand on which the sword was placed on such occasions.
The practice has been discontinued in more than one recent mayoralty 196
OLD BILLINGSGATE, AS IT APPEARED PREVIOUS TO 1850. Since this date it has been twice rebuilt 198
THE skinners' COMPANY'S ALMSHOUSES, MILE END. Destroyed 1894. These were immediately west of the
famous Trinity Hospital, so lately saved from destruction igg
HOLLOWAY PRISON. This City prison and house of correction is successor to the old Giltspur Street Compter,
removed thither in 1791 from the east side of Wood Street, and pulled down in 1855. Since the demohtion
of the Whitecross Street Prison in 1870, prisoners for debt have also been brought here 202
CHAPTER COFFEE-HOUSE, 1887. Noted in the last century as a place of meeting for London publishers.
Chatterton frequented it, and here Charlotte and Anne Bronte stayed on their first visit to London in
June, 1848. It became an ordinary tavern, and has recently been rebuilt - 204
OLD SMITHFIELD MARKET, ABOUT 1830. From a drawing by T. H. Shepherd. The last market for horses,
sheep and cattle was held here 11 June, 1855 207
CIVIC WATER PROCESSION. The Lord Mayor proceeding to Westminster to be sworn in. Painted by Richard
Paton, the figures by Francis Wheatley, R. A. 211
ROLLS HOUSE, CHANCERY LANE. Showing the original appearance of the west front erected in 1718, and so
recently pulled down. The drawing is by Colin Campbell, who also designed the building 213
TEMPLE BAR, FROM THE WEST, ABOUT 1796. Showing the old bulk-shop, afterwards occupied by William Crockford 216
INN YARD OF THE SWAN-WITH-TWO-NECKS, LAD LANE. One of the greatest of the old coaching inns, in
the hey-day of its prosperity 221
EAST INDIA HOUSE, LEADENHALL STREET, 1829. Drawn by T. H. Shepherd. Taken down in 1861 229
GREAT ST. HELEN'S, BISHOPSGATE, FROM THE WEST, 1862. Showing an unbroken series of seventeenth and
eighteenth century houses on the south side of the churchyard. At the further corner, not visible in this
drawing, there was a sixteenth century house (No. 10), lately destroyed 232
VIEW FROM ST. PAUL'S PIER. Southwark Bridge in the distance 242
OLD BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE. From a water-colour drawing, date about 1800 243
CANNON STREET RAILWAY STATION AND BRIDGE — FROM THE RIVER 248
SMITHFIELD MEAT MARKET^PRESENT DAY • 2i;7
PORTION OF ROMAN PAVEMENT FOUND IN BUCKLERSBURY. Now in the Guildhall Museum 259
BUNYAn's MONUMENT, BUNHILL FIELDS. The old burial ground of the Dissenters, Bunhill Fields, was com-
mitted to the care of the Corporation in 1867, and opened to the public in 1869. Bunyan's monument had
been restored in 1863 - ... 261
List of Illustrations.
PAGE
martyrs' memorial, smithfield 264
GENERAL POST OFFICE, ST. MARTIN's-LE-GRAND, 1893 267
A BIT OF EPPING FOREST. Saved to the Citizens by the Corporation 272
QUEEN A-ICTORIA AT TEMPLE BAR, THANKSGIVING DAY, 1872. The last occasion On which the ceremony of
presenting the City Sword to Her Majesty took place - - 274
INTERIOR OF ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. The Thanksgiving Service for the recovery of H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales, 27 Feb., 1872 - 275
GUILDHALL LIBRARY, 1896— INTERIOR 277
BACK OF martin's BANK. Designed by Norman Shaw. On the site of Garraway's 280
baker's COFFEE-HOUSE. Dating from the early part of the eighteenth century, and still in existence 281
CRYPT OF Gerard's hall, basing lane. The undercroft of a famous merchant's house, dating from about the
end of the thirteenth century. It was removed in 1852 for the formation of the new Cannon Street. The
stones were numbered and presented to the Crystal Palace. After a time they served as the foundation of
a new engine house 286
OLD MERCHANT TAYLORS' SCHOOL, SUFFOLK LANE. This School was founded in 1651, in part of the historic
mansion called the " Manor of the Rose." Destroyed in the Great Fire, a new building was erected on the
same site in 1675, and here the School was carried on for two centuries. Our illustration is from Strype's
Stow, 1756 - 294
ANCIENT CRYPT, LAURENXE POUNTNEY HILL. This Crypt, or undercroft, belonged to that part of the "Manor
of the Rose " not included in the original purchase by the Merchant Taylors' Company, was bought by
them in comparatively recent times, together with the eighteenth century house above it. Destroyed 1894-5 295
LIVERPOOL STREET RAILWAY STATION 298
CHURCH OF ALLHALLOWS BREAD STREET. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Pulled down in 1877 301
BUST OF MILTON. Erected on the site of the Church of AUhallows Bread Street 302
ROMAN STATUE FROM A BASTION OF LONDON WALL IN CAMOMILE STREET. Found in 1876, and now in the
Guildhall Museum 304
INTERIOR OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE, i8g6. From the Broad Street entrance 306
CHURCH OF ST. DiONis BACKCHURCH. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Pulled down in 1878 317
WELLINGTON MONUMENT, ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. This beautiful work, by A. Stevens, was formerly in the
chapel at the west end of the south aisle. It is now suitably placed between two of the columns which
divide the nave from the north aisle ^21
PORTIONS OF FRIEZE, NEW CUTLERS' HALL, WARWICK LANE. This frieze, which decorates the front of the
building, appears to the writer a favourable specimen of modern art 324, 325
ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD, LAID OUT AS A GARDEN. Under the management of the City Corporation 327
BURNHAM BEECHES. Saved from destruction, for the public benefit, by the City Corporation 334
THE MANSION HOUSE. On Sunday morning, from 11 till 12.30, there is scarcely any traffic in the City 341
LEADENHALL MARKET. A modern entrance
CITY GREENYARD OR POUND, LOWER WHITECROSS STREET. Here are the Lord Mayor's Stables, his wonderful
State Coach, and the Carriage he uses on ordinary occasions which is shown in the illustration 341;
CHEAPSIDE AND THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY-LE-BOW ^.g
king's WEIGH HOUSE CHAPEL. Destroyed 1883. The Monument Railway Station occupies the site 358
DOORWAY OF WESTERN CRYPT, GUILDHALL. Part of the ancient structure
OLD SION COLLEGE, LONDON WALL. From Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata
ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, ST. paul's CHURCHYARD, 1827. Founded in 1512. The building here represented was
erected in 1823 and destroyed in 1880, when the School was removed to West Kensington 36S
INTERIOR OF MONUMENT RAILWAY STATION, 1896 -
STAPLE INN AND HOLBORN BARS. This drawing was made before the recent restoration 372
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. From an old print, showing Christ Church and the Churchyard 374
STATUETTE OF BLUE-COAT BOY, CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. This spirited piece of sculpture is above a doorway at the back 375
STAIRCASE OF HOUSE, BOTOLPH LANE. Used since 1 859 for Tower and Billingsgate Ward School. It has on
it the date 1670
343
359
363
376
List of Illustrations.
XI
INTERIOR OF ALLHALLOWs-THE-GREAT. Drawn from the gallery at the west end, shortly before its demolition.
This church was built by Sir Christopher \^'ren. The lower and North aisle were taken down in 1876.
As the latter was not open to the church, but was screened by panelled and glazed partitions, the effect of
the interior was not much injured by its removal. The screen had not been given by the Hanse merchants
as is generally supposed, but was subscribed for by the united parishes of AUhallows-the-Great and the -Less.
It is now, together with the pulpit, in St. Margaret's Lothbury 377
PULPIT OF CHURCH OF ALLHALLOWS-THE-GREAT. This Very handsome pulpit was presented by Mr. Theodore
Jacobsen, of the Steelyard, in 1682 379
SWORD-REST, CHURCH OF ALLHALLOWS-THE-GREAT. This has been removed to the Church of St. Michael
Paternoster Royal 381
INTERIOR OF COCK TAVERN, FLEET STREET. Drawn jiist before its destruction in 1886, the site is now occupied
by a branch of the Bank of England - 383
NEW SION COLLEGE AND THE CITY OF LONDON SCHOOL, VICTORIA EMBANKME.NT 388
STATUE OF QUEEN ANNE, ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD. The original Statue was by Francis Bird (1712) and was
replaced by the present copy in Sicilian marble, unveiled in 1886 - 389
THE MONUMENT, THE CHURCH OF ST. MAGNUS, AND THE ROADWAY OF OLD LONDON BRIDGE. From the
View by Marlow, preserved in the Guildhall Library 393
OLD HOUSE, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE. Destroyed 1887 • 394
GARDEN AT THE BACK OF NO. 4, CROSBY SQUARE. The only garden attached to a City merchant's house which
still exists in the City - - 397
SIR PAUL pindar's HOUSE, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT. Built about the year 1600. Destroyed in 1890 to make
room for the extension of the Great Eastern Railway Station. The carved wooden front is now in the South
Kensington Museum 411
MEMBER OF THE METROPOLITAN FIRE BRIGADE 417
WEST wiCKHAM COMMON. Now in charge of the City Corporation 421
THE BANK OF MESSRS. PRESCOTT, DIMSDALE, CAVE, TUGWELL & CO., LIMITED, CORNHILL. Erected from
the plans of H. C. Boyes, and opened November, 1892 424
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS' INSTITUTE, MOORGATE PLACE. This elaborate specimen 01 modern architecture
was designed by J. Belcher 427
FRIEZE BY HAMO THORNYCROFT. Chartered Accountants' Institute 428
FRONT OF baring's OFFICES, BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHIN. Designed by Norman Shaw 429
OLD HOUSE OVER ENTRANCE TO DEAx's COURT. The oldest house in St. Paul's churchyard, destroyed 1895 431
OPENING OF THE TOWER BRIDGE. The Royal Cortege crossing the bridge. From a photograph by the London
Stereoscopic Company 434
DECORATIONS IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, BY \v. B. RICHMOND, R.A. Two Specimens of his fine designs which
have been executed in mosaic and now adorn the choir 436, 437
ELECTION OF LORD MAYOR, MICHAELMAS DAY, 1896. The Lord Mayor, accompanied by the newly-elected
Lord Mayor, is just entering his carriage. This view of the Guildhall Yard, taken from the leads of the
church of St. Lawrence Jewry, shows the wicket gates for the admission of the liverymen of the different
Companies - - 439, 440
THE CITY ARMS on the cover of this volume were specially designed by Mr. John Henry Metcalfe.
ERRATA.
Preface, line 8, for and has only read and the result has only.
Page 46, line 14, for Sir James Hodges Knight read Sir James Hodges, Knt.
Page III, line 12, fur Perring read Perrin.
Page 119, line 23, /or Sir Robert Strachan read Sir Richard Strachan.
Page 122, line 20^ fur Lords Cochrane and Louis read Lord Cochrane and Sir Thomas Louis.
Page 195, line 6, fjr C. I\L Cockerell read C. R. CockercU.
Page 250, line 1, fur 1806 read 1798.
Page 293, line 33, for J. C. Thurm read J. C. im Thurn.
Page 331, line 26, for Rev. D. M'Auslane read Rev. A. McAuslane.
Page 342, last line, for Cowper Street read Leonard Street.
Page 407, line 17, after The building lately add occupied.
Page 430, line 7, for Hall read Offices.
first stone of Blackfriars Bridge was laid by the Lord Mayor. — Lord Mayor's
Day falling this year on a Sunday, Sir Matthew Blakiston, the Lord Mayor
elect, was not sworn into office till the next day. On account of the recent
death of the late King, who was not yet interred, the usual ceremonies were
omitted, and the Lord Mayor went to Westminster Hall privately in his coach
to be. sworn. — On 17 Nov. the drawing of a lottery began at Guildhall, and
^ISf*'
Modern History of the City of London.
1760.
JNG George II died on 25 Oct., 1760, and a Privy Council
immediately assembled at Carlton House to proclaim his suc-
cessor. The new sovereign, George III, grandson of the late
King and son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, who died in 1751,
was proclaimed on the following day before Savile House, in
Leicester Fields. The ceremony was attended by the great officers of State,
the principal Peers, the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen of the City of
London, and other persons of distinction. In accordance with precedent the
Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Chitty, had also been present at the Privy Council.
The proclamation was repeated, with the accustomed ceremonies, according to
ancient usage, at Charing Cross, and, within the City, at Temple Bar, at the
corner of Wood Street, Cheapside, and at the Royal Exchange. On the 28th
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen waited on the King at Leicester House, and
presented an address of congratulation and condolence, which was read by Sir
William Moreton, the Recorder. The Court of Common Council also attended
the King, on the 30th, with a similar address. — On the last day of Oct. the
first stone of Blackfriars Bridge was laid by the Lord Mayor. — Lord Mayor's
Day falling this year on a Sunday, Sir Matthew Blakiston, the Lord Mayor
elect, was not sworn into office till the next day. On account of the recent
death of the late King, who was not yet interred, the usual ceremonies were
omitted, and the Lord Mayor went to Westminster Hall privately in his coach
to be. sworn. — On 17 Nov. the drawing of a lottery began at Guildhall, and
2 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1760
was finished on 13 Dec— Two important trials took place during this year in
the Court of King's Bench, Guildhall. The first was between the citizens of
London, plaintiffs, and Edward Smith and Ralph Twyford, salesmen in Newgate
Market, defendants. The second was that of the citizens of London against
John Cope, salesman, for the sale of provisions in White Hart Street, a passage
leading to Newgate. The City were successful in both suits, which were brought
to determine their right to tolls, not only in the markets, but in the avenues or
passages leading to them.— The number of the principal brewhouses in London
this year was fifty-two, and the quantity of beer brewed by them was 97S>2i7
barrels.— At the Dec. Sessions at the old Bailey, two of the convicted prisoners
were sentenced to be burned in the hand, and in the following Ap. a prisoner,
capitally convicted, was ordered to be hung in chains.
Old London Bridge, from a picture by S. Scott.
In 1757 an Act of Parliament was obtained for repairing London Bridge by taking down all
the houses erected on it, removing the great middle pier, and throwing the two adjoining locks
into one. To carry out these designs a temporary wooden bridge was constructed. This temporary
erection was consumed in the following Ap. by a fire, which also damaged London Bridge,
and retarded the progress of the alterations. Within a month, however, a new wooden structure
was erected. The removal of the houses was slowly proceeded with. On 3 Feb., 1761, an
advertisement announced the sale of six of them by auction at Guildhall, to be put up at ^156 ; and
their demolition was begun a week later. — An Act of Parliament empowered the City authorities
to remove the gates and carry out other improvements. Under its provisions Cripplegate was sold
in July, and Ludgate taken down in November. — Oliver Goldsmith resided from 1758 to 1760 at
No. 12, Green Arbour Court, at the corner of Breakneck Steps, in Sea Cole Lane. — During this
year 3,539 in-patients were discharged as cured from St. Bartholomew's hospital.
A.D. 1 761 Modern History of the City of London. 3
1761.
jN 14 Jan., 1 761, a carpenter named Blagden, who had pur-
chased several of the City gates, obtained from the City Lands
Committee a site, 1,000 feet in length, on the south side of Fore
Street, from Moorgate and Cripplegate, at the rate of seven shillings
per foot, on his giving ^10,000 security to complete the buildings
within four years. — On 10 Feb. a fire broke out at a sugar-baker's in Thames
Street, which burned Fishmongers' Hall and an adjoining house, besides
damaging several other buildings. — A motion made in the Court of Common
Council, on 18 Feb., to present the freedom of the City to Sir John Phillips,
Bart., and George Cook, Esquire, members for Middlesex, for their services in
supporting the City's interests in Parliament, was carried by only a small majority,
the proposal having been brought forward without previous notice. The Court
resolved that similar motions should in future be made at a Court preceding that
on which the question was to be considered. — The poll for the election of Members
of Parliament for the City of London closed on 2 Ap., when Aldermen Sir
Robert Ladbroke, Sir Richard Glyn, Bart., William Beckford, and the Hon.
Thomas Harley were returned, the unsuccessful candidate being Alderman Sir
Samuel Fludyer, Bart. — Most of the City offices were obtained by purchase,
and on 22 Ap. a Coal Meter's place was sold for ^4,430, and a month later
the office of Remembrancer for ^2,000. Many of these appointments were in
the gift of the Lord Mayor, and the emoluments of his year of office depended
largely upon the number of vacancies occurring during that period in the principal
City offices. — Two more of the City gates were sold, Moorgate for ^166, and
Aldersgate for ;^gi. — An amusing but alarming accident occurred at the Royal
Exchange on 4 May, when a cow from Smithfield Market occasioned great
commotion by charging at the south gate of the Exchange. In the joanic which
ensued many persons were knocked down and severely bruised, while others lost
their wigs, hats, shoes, etc. After passing through Sweeting's Alley the cow
was secured by a carman in Gracechurch Street. This incident led the Common
Council to take action for regulating the driving of horned cattle through the
crowded streets of the City. — On 5 May the honorary freedom of the City
was granted to the Right Hon. Arthur Onslow, who had been Speaker of the
House of Commons for the past thirty-three years, and during five successive
parliaments. — On the 17th the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common Coimcil
again approached the throne, and conveyed their congratulations upon the
4 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1761
conquest of Belleisle. — More than 300 prisoners from Ludgate, the two Compters,
and the Fleet, were released by the Lord Mayor at Guildhall on 24 June
under the Insolvent Debtors' Act.— City Road, described as "the finest about
London, with a foot-path on each side, and well-lighted," was opened on the 29th
from Islington to Old Street, the Doghouse Bar being at the same time
demolished. — On 4 July died Samuel Richardson, the printer and novelist, in
his house in Salisbury Court. He was buried in the adjoining Church of St.
Bride's.— On the i6th the Lord Mayor, at the head of a small deputation of
Aldermen and members of the Common Council, went in procession to Savile
House, the residence of the Duke of York, accompanied by a committee of
the Grocers' Company. The Grocers' Company, being first introduced, presented
their Freedom in a gold box with a suitable address to his Royal Highness.
Afterwards the Lord Mayor and Corporation tendered the Duke a similar address
and the freedom of the City in a gold box which had been voted on 5 June.
His Royal Highness made suitable acknowledgments to both. — To allow of
the decoration of Ludgate on the approaching Lord Mayor's Day, the prisoners
confined there were removed, on 12 Aug., to the London Workhouse in
Bishopsgate Street. — The King's marriage with the Princess Charlotte of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz was celebrated at the Chapel Royal on 8 Sept., and on
the 14th the Corporation presented an address of congratulation to his Majesty
upon the auspicious event. On this occasion the Common Council appeared
in mazarine blue silk gowns, agreeable to an order of that Court made a short
time previously. The King's coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on
22 Sept., and, in accordance with ancient custom, the Lord Mayor officiated as
butler. — On 5 Oct. Mr. Pitt resigned office, and the Common Council awarded
him their unanimous thanks for the many and important services rendered to his
King and country. Much discontent was felt in the country, and particularly
in the City, at the measures which led to his resignation, and the Court instructed
the four City representatives in Parliament to endeavour to repeal or amend the
late Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors ; to promote economy in the
distribution of the national treasure; to oppose all attempts for giving up such
places as might tend to lessen the present security, restore the naval power of
France, and expose the country to fresh hostilities ; to preserve the country's sole
and exclusive right to its acquisitions in North America and its fisheries ; and,
lastly, to concur in prosecuting the war with the utmost vigour so as to obtain a
safe and honourable peace. — The punishment of the pillory, which exposed the
culprit to the attacks of an exasperated mob, sometimes led to fatal results. A
A.D. 1 761 Modern History of the City of London. 5
young woollen-draper of Cornhill, who suffered this penalty on 16 Oct. was only
rescued from the violence of the mob by the attendance of an unusually large
number of peace officers. In returning to Newgate the coach in which he was
conveyed was upset, and the officers were compelled to lodge the prisoner in the
Compter till the mob dispersed. — Alderman Samuel Fludyer was elected Lord
Mayor.^ — On Lord Mayor's day, (9 Nov.), the King and Queen, according to custom
on the accession of a new sovereign, honoured the Lord Mayor, Sir Samuel Fludyer,
by their presence at the Guildhall banquet. Their Majesties were attended by
the other members of the Royal Family, and, among the distinguished personages
who followed in the procession, Mr. Pitt received a remarkable popular ovation.
At every pause of the procession the people hung about his carriage, and main-
tained a continuous applause. At the East end of St. Paul's Churchyard their
Majesties were addressed in a speech by the senior scholar of Christ's Hospital.
The Royal Family then went to the house of Mr. Barclay, opposite Bow Church,
in Cheapside, whence they beheld the City procession, which was in a style
of unusual grandeur and magnificence. The pageant of the Armourers' and
Braslers' Company consisted of a youth dressed as an American prince riding in
his car, with a bow in his left hand and a quiver and arrows hanging behind his
shoulder. The Skinners were represented by seven of their Company dressed
.in fur, with their skins painted to resemble Indian princes. The Fishmongers'
pageant comprised a statue of St. Peter, a dolphin, two mermaids and two sea-
horses. These allegorical displays were a revival of the old custom of exhibiting
pageants which had fallen into disuse since the early years of George I's reign.
The entertainment on this occasion was of an unusually sumptuous character.
The contractors " were the famous firm of Horton and Birch, of Cornhill, and
the bill of fare provided for the Royal Family included the following items : —
First Service : — Dishes of olio, turtle, pottages and soups. Fish, via., John dories, red mullet,
etc. Roast venison. Westphalia hams, richly ornamented. Pullets a la royale. Tongues espagniole.
Chickens a la reine. Tondron devaux a la danzie. Harrico. Popiets of veal glassd. Fillets of lamb
a la conte. Comports of squabs. Fillets of beef marinate. Fine vegetables.
Second Service : — Ortolans, quails, notts, wheat-ears. Goodevau patte. Perrigoa pye. Pea-
chicks, woodcocks, pheasants, teal, snipes, partridges. Patty's royal.
Third Service : — Ragoftt royal. Green morells. Green peas. Asparagus heads. Fat livers.
Fine combs. Green truffles. Artichokes a la provengale. Mushrooms au blank. Cardons a la bejamel.
Knotts of eggs. Ducks' tongues. Dishes of peths. Truffles in oil. Pallets. Ragodt mille.
Fourth Service : — Curious ornamental cakes. Blomonges representing different figures. Clear
marbrays. Cut pastry. Mille fuelles.
Centre of the Table: — Grand pyramid of demies of shell fish of various sorts. Thirty-two cold
things of sorts, viz., temples, shapes, landscapes in jellies, savoury cakes, and almond gothes. Two grand
epergnes filled with fine pickles, and garnished round with plates of sorts, as laspicks, rolards, etc.
Total cost of the dishes on the King's table, ^^374 iJ'.
A.D. 1 761-2 Modern History of the City of London.
7
On 23 Nov. the royal entertainment committee, with the Lord Mayor
at their head, waited upon their Majesties, begging them to favour the Corpora-
tion by sitting for their portraits, to be placed in the Guildhall together with
the statue of the King. The King, in reply, graciously promised to present
the City with the portraits. — One of the sights of London at this period was the
Tower menagerie, which, during the summer of this year received from India the
addition of a previously unknown animal, described by the name of Siyah-ghush,
or Black-ear. The animal appears to have been a jackal, and forms the subject
of learned and quaintly illustrated papers in the Gentleman s Magazine and its
rival, the London Magazine.
The church of Allhallows Staining fell down, except the tower. — The " Bear at the Bridge Foot,"
a famous tavern at the Southwark end of London Bridge, was pulled down. — Continuous rain having
almost ruined haymakers near the metropolis, a number of them assembled at the Royal Exchange
and appealed for charity to the merchants, who subscribed some ;i^i6 for their relief. — A satirical
writer in the London Chronicle, calling himself the " Cobbler of Cripplegate," girds at a number
of public nuisances : — " He could wish to see butchers' -boys, who gallop through the streets of
London, punished for so doing, or at least their horses seized for the use of the poor of the parish in
which they offend. . . A regulation in Smithfield Market, he thinks, ought to take place, because
a mad ox may as well gore the lady of a Knight Banneret, as a poor oyster-wench. . . . Ladders,
pieces of timber, &c., should by no means be suffered to be carried upon men's shoulders within
the posts of this City, because, by a sudden stop, they may as well poke out the eye of a rich man
as that of a poor one. . . . Chair-men, as they are a kind of human nags, ought to amble without-side
the posts as well as other brutes. . . . Long swords are a nuisance in the City at Change-time, as the
wearer may very well receive a bill without that dangerous weapon. . Barbers and Chimney-
sweepers have no right by charter to rub against a person well dressed, and then offer him satisfaction
by single combat.''
1762.
^N Feb., 1762, occurred the extraordinary imposture known as the
Cock Lane Ghost. The scene of the plot was the house of one
Parsons, clerk of St. Sepulchre's parish, in Cock Lane, West
Smithfield. Parsons' daughter, a girl ten years old, pretended
to be visited by the spirit of Fanny, a young woman who
had formerly lived in the house, and had died a year and a half previously.
This woman had lived with Mr. Kent, a broker, and the husband of her
late sister. Kent was supposed to have offended Parsons by pressing him for
the payment of some money he had lent him. The girl Parsons, who had been
a favourite of Fanny's, pretended to see her spirit, and was seized with apparent
fits and tremblings, and strange noises of knocking, scratching, whispering, flut-
tering, etc., were heard on these occasions. A woman who lived in the house,
8 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1762
and was an accomplice in the scheme, explained these noises as indications that
the deceased Fanny had been poisoned by Kent. The circumstances being
repeated with much idle exaggeration, people of all ranks flocked to the scene,
and even some dignitaries of the Church lent countenance to the fraud by their
presence. Although it was proved by proper certificates that the woman had
died of small-pox, and affidavits were produced from the clergyman, physician
and apothecary who attended her in her last illness, nothing could remove the
popular f)rejudice against the unfortunate man Kent. As the only means of escape
from this dreadful persecution Kent commenced an action for conspiracy against
the father and mother of the child, the woman who posed as "interpreter," and
a clergyman and a tradesman who had been active in promoting the imposture.
The trial took place on 10 July, before Lord Chief Justice Mansfield and a
special jury at Guildhall, and resulted in the conviction of all the prisoners.
Parsons was sentenced to stand in the pillory three times in one month, and to
be imprisoned two years ; his wife was imprisoned for one year ; the female
" interpreter " was committed to Bridewell for six months ; the clergyman and
tradesman were allowed to compromise their part by paying a large compensation
to the prosecutor, and were then dismissed with a severe reprimand. — An Act of
Parliament was passed this session for new paving the streets in the City, and
removing the posts and signs which had long been felt to be an obstruction in
the principal thoroughfares of the metropolis. — An Act was also passed to
sanction a project for reducing the price of fish by bringing it to London from
distant ports by land carriage. After a few years' trial the expenses were found
so greatly to exceed the produce that the experiment was discontinued. — On 6
Ap. the Common Council addressed the King in congratulation upon the conquest
of the Island of Martinico. — On 4 June the famous new peal of ten bells at
Bow Church, Cheapside, then reckoned the finest in England, were rung for the
first time, it being his Majesty's birthday. — An action was brought, on 8 June
by a Mr. Isaac Renoux, against the proprietor of Jonathan's Coffee House for
ejecting him therefrom, and it was decided in his favour on the ground that the house
had been a market for buying and selling Government securities. — Lady Fair,
Southwark, was abolished by order of the Common Council on the 1 7th ; and,
at the same time, shows, interludes, and "other unlawful pastimes," were pro-
hibited at Bartholomew Fair. — On 5 July the judges finally determined a cause,
which had been long pending between the Corporation and the Dissenters, as
to the eligibility and obligation of the latter to serve the office of Sheriff The
decision of the judges, afterwards confirmed on appeal by the House of Lords, was
A.D. 1762-3 Modern History of the City of London. 9
that Dissenters were not obliged to serve that office. — On the 14 Aug. the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council presented to the King an address of
congratulation on the birth of a prince, who on the 17th was created Prince of
Wales.^ — On 27 Sept., in a time of complete calm, the Thames suddenly rose to
a great height, causing much damage to vessels at various wharves. An earth-
quake was believed to have caused this phenomenon. — On 4 Oct. an address was
presented to the King by the Common Council, congratulating his Majesty on
the conquest of Havana and its dependencies. — On 8 Nov. the Lord Mayor
received a letter from Lord Egremont, Secretary of State, informing him that
preliminaries of peace with France and Spain were signed at Fontainebleau on
the 3rd inst., and requesting his Lordship to make an immediate public announce-
ment of the fact. — Alderman William Beckford was elected Lord Mayor. — During
this year the great increase both of houses and inhabitants in the metropolis was
shown by the amount of coals imported into the Port of London, viz., 570,774
chaldrons, being nearly double the importation of fifty years before.
The stones of Moorgate, which had been sold, were re-purchased by the Corporation, and, on
the advice of Smeaton, the Engineer, employed in supporting the middle-arch of London Bridge ;
the remaining materials of other gates were also used. — On the decease of the last Lord Hatton,
the Hatton estate in Holborn reverted to the Crown. — A fire in Newgate Gaol greatly damaged the
Chapel, and caused the death of two prisoners.
1763.
re.fent/j/^/m /i/z/ir JJ/7i/i'//ii^- /'/////■ Sta TM-LoTTsn y^///.fy6u.
to which the lottery-wheels had been previously conveyed on sledges escorted by
troops. Two scholars of Christ's Hospital were employed to draw out the
tickets from the wheels in the presence of the Lord Mayor, the members of
the Corporation and the public. Lotteries were first introduced into England
in 1569, and, being found a convenient method of raising revenue, they
long continued to receive legal encouragement. At last, so many private and
dishonest enterprises became mixed up with lotteries that they were finally
abolished in Feb., 1825. — On 4 Ap. an entertainment of unusual splendour
was given by Lord Mayor Beckford. A large number of guests of the
highest distinction were present, and the dinner was followed by a ball, which
was prolonged until nearly five the next morning. — On the 7th, James (after-
wards Sir James) Eyre was elected Recorder of London, in the place of the
c 2
12 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1763-4
late Sir William Moreton. — On the i8th the ambassadors extraordinary from the
Republic of Venice made their state entry into London. They were received
with great magnificence, being conveyed and attended from Greenwich to the
Tower in State barges, and from the Tower through the Minories, Leadenhall
Street, Cornhill, Cheapside, Ludgate Street, Fleet Street and the Strand, to
Somerset House, where they were entertained at the King's cost until their
audience with his Majesty. — The King's birthday, on 4 June, was celebrated
with great rejoicing, a display of fireworks on Tower Hill being unfortunately
attended by a serious accident through over-crowding, by which several people
lost their lives. — Cornelius Saunders, having been capitally convicted at the Old
Bailey, for stealing about ^50 from the house of Mrs. White, in Lamb Street,
Spitalfields, was executed on 24 Aug., his body being afterwards carried and
laid before her door. A great crowd of people assembled, and proceeded to acts
of violence ; and, notwithstanding the arrival of a guard of soldiers, the mob
ransacked the house, and, removing the furniture into the street, succeeded in
destroying it by fire. — The birth of another prince formed the occasion of an
address to the King from the Common Council, which was presented on 25 Aug.
■ — Towards the middle of October a horse patrol, under the direction of Sir
John Fielding, and consisting of eight officers well mounted and armed, was
established on the roads leading out of the City for the protection of passengers. —
Alderman William Bridgen was chosen Lord Mayor.
An allusion to the civic procession of 12 May occurs in Book iv. of Churchill's " Ghost." The
" AsgiU " referred to was Sir Charles Asgill, the locum tenens for Lord Mayor Beckford : —
" To the melancholy knell
Of the dull, deep, and doleful hell,
Such as of late the good Saint Bride
Muffled, to mortify the pride
Of those who (England quite forgot),
Paid their vile homage to the Scot,
Where Asgill held the foremost place,
Whilst my lord figured at a race."
1764.
jILKES having fled to France to avoid the prosecution which
threatened him, his conduct was adjudged by the House of
Commons to be a contempt of their authority; and on 16 Jan.,
1764, he was expelled the House. In the following month his
trial came on, during his absence, in the King's Bench, before
Lord Chief Justice Mansfield. He was found guilty of republishing his libellous
A.D. 1764-5 Modern History of the City of London. 13
paper, and was subsequently outlawed. — On 21 Feb. the Court of Common Council
resolved to present the freedom of the City to Lord Chief Justice Pratt (afterwards
Earl Camden) for his constitutional decision upon the warrant in the Wilkes
case, which displayed " his duty to the King, his justice to the subject, and his
knowledge of the law." His Lordship was also asked to sit for his portrait,
for which a suitable inscription was written, it is said, by Dr. Johnson. — On 9 Ap.
several thousand silk-weavers who had been brought to distress by importations
of French silks went in procession from Spitalfields, through the City, to St. James's
Palace, where the King received them with much kindness and promised to lay
their grievances before Parliament. — Forty journeymen tailors were taken at the
Bull Head, in Bread Street, by a party of master tailors and committed to Wood
Street Compter on a charge of unlawful combination. Being brought before the
sitting Alderman at Guildhall on the 23rd inst. they were discharged, and the
masters and jailers reprimanded for confining them without a warrant. — A severe
thunderstorm visited London on 18 Sept. and damaged the spire of St. Bride's,
Fleet Street, so much as to necessitate its being rebuilt. — Alderman William
Stephenson was elected Lord Mayor. — The value of land in London was now
rapidly increasing. A small field in Piccadilly bought a few years before by a
brewer for ^30 was this year sold for the benefit of his orphan child for the
sum of ^2,500. — During this year the price of provisions became so high that
the Privy Council removed all duty from salt beef salt pork, and butter from
Ireland, and offered a reward of .;^ioo for the discovery of unlawful combinations
in the sale of provisions of any kind.
The church of AUhallows-in-the-Wall had fallen into such a dangerous condition that an Act of
Parliament was obtained for its demolition. It was rebuilt by the younger Dance, in 1765. — A
pedestrian statue of George III, sculptured by Joseph Wilton, was placed in the Royal Exchange. —
A satirical pamphlet was issued in allusion to the new pavement and the removal of signboards, with
the title " A seasonable alarm to the City of London on the present important Crisis ; shewing, by
most convincing arguments, that the new method of paving the streets with Scotch pebbles, and the
pulhng down of the signs, must be both equally pernicious to the health and morals of the people of
England. By Zachary Zeal, citizen."
1765.
*ARLY in 1765 the Corporation petitioned Parliament for relief
from the heavy expenditure connected with the improvement of
London Bridge, and the charge of rebuilding the temporary bridge
after its destruction by fire. They also prayed Parliament for
assistance in rebuilding the gaol of Newgate, which was an ancient,
inconvenient building, and unfit for the reception of prisoners. Both petitions
14 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1765
were referred by the House of Commons for consideration to a Committee. — On
17 Jan. 300 pieces of EngHsh cambric were sold by public auction at Garraway's
Coffee-house, at thirteen and sixpence per yard. This was at the time looked
upon as a hopeful sign of the development of the manufacture in the country. —
On the 19th, at the close of a poll for the election of Chamberlain, Alderman
Janssen, a past Lord Mayor, obtained a majority of votes. He had only presented
himself when the poll was about to open, but was held in great estimation by
the citizens for his fearless conduct as a magistrate and for his commercial
integrity. He was the first Sheriff to carry out the sentences of the law at
Tyburn without the aid of a military force. On his failure, the year after his
mayoralty, his relatives settled upon him ^600 a year, the greater part of which,
with other subsequent sources of income, he honourably assigned to his creditors,
although they had given him a full discharge. — During a crowded trial at Guildhall
the floor of the court gave way, but the accident was fortunately unattended with
any personal injury. — On the 23rd Mr. John Williams, bookseller, was convicted
in the King's Bench of republishing the North Briton, No. 45, and sentenced to
a fine of ^100, six months' imprisonment, to stand in the pillory in Old Palace
Yard, and give security of ^1,000 for his good behaviour for seven years. The
sentence of the pillory was carried out on 14 Feb., in New Palace Yard, West-
minster, but its purpose was defeated by the acclamations of a crowd of more
than 10,000 persons, by whom the Prime Minister was again executed in effigy.
— Owing to the sufferings of the poor on account of the high price of bread,
the Sheriffs of London presented a petition to the House of Commons, on the
24th, against the continued exportation of corn. — On 23 Mar. the Common Council
voted the freedom of the City to the Duke of Gloucester, who was admitted in the
usual manner on 6 June following. — Towards the middle of May serious disturb-
ances were caused by processions of Spitalfields weavers, thousands of whom
had been thrown out of work by the introduction of French manufactured silks.
The Duke of Bedford, whom they believed to have obstructed their petition to
Parliament, was the chief object of their attack ; and, on the 1 8th, his house
in Bloomsbury Square was much damaged, notwithstanding the protection aflforded
by the troops. Violent disturbances also took place in Moorfields, where several
silk-masters resided, and a special meeting of the Court of Aldermen was summoned.
A proclamation was immediately issued, and a party of Guards from the Tower
was stationed in Moorfields for some days. These measures, coupled with the
personal influence of the Aldermen, were the means of calming the discontent
of the people, and of restoring tranquillity. — The price of bread was much reduced
A.D. 1765
Modern History of the City of London.
15
at the end of INhiy, chiefly by the importation of Dutch and Flemish wheat. The
necessities of the journeymen weavers were also provided for by liberal sub-
scriptions. — At an action brought, on 2 July, at Guildhall, by Messrs. Carr,
Ibbetson and Co., silk mercers, on Ludgate Hill, it was decided that Custom
House officers had no right to search the premises of merchants for the alleged
possession of contraband goods. — The birth of another prince gave occasion to
the Common Council to tender to the King a loyal address of congratulation,
Mouth of the River Fleet, from a picture by S. Scott.
which was presented to his Majesty on 28 Aug. As a further mark of their
attachment to the throne, the Corporation, on 15 Oct. voted the freedom of the
City to H.S.H., the Prince of Brunswick Lunenberg, who was admitted a freeman
on 18 Dec. — The scheme for the City approach to the new Blackfriars Bridge,
in 1765, involved the covering over of the Fleet from Fleet Street to its mouth,
whence it was conveyed some distance into the Thames by a culvert. On 19 Oct.
Bridewell arch was taken down, and the brick-work of the new sewer completed
from that point to the mouth of the Fleet.
After the Great Fire of London, in 1666, the Fleet Ditch was cleansed and deepened to form a
navigable canal up to Holborn Bridge, as part of Wren's plan for rebuilding the City. The cost of
this "new canal," including that of the beautiful bridge at Bridewell, was ^27,777, but the work
proved unprofitable. The stream became choked with Thames mud, and relapsed into a common
sewer. As a sanitary necessity the portion of the ditch between Holborn Bridge and Fleet Street was
arched over in 1737.
i6
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1765
The ancient customs which obliged persons following any trade to become
members of the Company having control of that trade, and prohibited tradesmen
who were not free of the City from keeping shop within its boundaries, were this
month confirmed in two actions brought respectively against offenders by the
Farriers' Company and the Chamberlain.— On 7 Nov. a disastrous fire broke
out in the house of a peruke-maker, at the corner of Bishopsgate Street and
Cornhill. The flames quickly spread to the three houses at the other corners
of the thoroughfares. All the houses from Cornhill to the church of St. Martin
Bridewell Bridge, from a water colour drawing.
Outwich were burnt down, and the church and parsonage house greatly damaged,
as well as the back part of Merchant Taylors' Hall. Various houses in Thread-
needle Street, the White Lion tavern (which had been purchased only the evening
before for ^3,000), and all the houses in White Lion Court, were entirely
consumed, together with fifty-eight houses in Cornhill and several in Leadenhall
Street. Many lives were lost, not only by the fire, but by the falling of chimneys
and walls, and the damage to property was estimated at ;^ 100, 000. ^3,000 was
raised for the relief of the sufferers, to which the King contributed ^1,000, the
A.D. 1765 Modern History of the City of London
Grocers' and Ironmongers' Companies /lOO each, and the Lord Mayor /50. —
In consequence of the death of the King's uncle, the Duke of Cumberland, the
usual ceremonies of the procession on Lord Mayor's day were dispensed with, and
the new Lord Mayor, Alderman George Nelson, went privately to Westminster,
accompanied only by Sir
William Stephenson, the late
Lord Mayor, the Aldermen
and the Recorder. — The
condition of the paving in
the roads and foot-paths of
the City having long given
rise to complaints, the Court
of Common Council referred
it to the Commissioners of
Sewers and Pavements to
consider the most effectual
means of amending those
defects. The Commis-
sioners' report, presented
on 15 Nov., gives a graphic
picture of the evils com-
plained of, and suggests as
a remedy the grant to the
Commissioners of more ex-
tended powers of control.
The pavements, being made ^''•^" °^ *^ s^^at Fire, which began in Cornhiu, Nov. 7, .765.
and repaired by the inhabitants themselves at different times and of different
materials, were rough and irregular ; and, being often disturbed by the
various water-companies and only slightly repaired, their condition, even in the
principal thoroughfares, was most defective. Deep channels existed in the
middle of the streets, and, in many cases, cross channels also, rendering the
traffic for vehicles highly inconvenient and dangerous. In the less frequented
streets the householders or their servants were in the habit of throwing ashes,
rubbish, broken glass, offal and other offensive matter into the street ; and
even in the more important thoroughfares locomotion was obstructed by the
washing of butts, casks and barrels. The footways, not being raised above the
level of the road, were covered with mud, and frequently overflowed with water,
D
t8 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1765
The breadth of the paths was confined on the one side by posts, and on the other
by the encroachments of shop-windows, show-boards, vaults and cellar doors.
The signboards above, which were ever increasing in size and projection, were
complained of as being a danger in times of high wind, and as intercepting the
light of the lamps at night. The want of proper tablets to distinguish the names
of streets and courts, and of regularity in numbering the houses, occasioned great
difficulty, especially to strangers. Annexed to the report was an estimate by Mr.
George Dance, clerk of the works, of the cost of re-paving the footways and roads,
removing posts, etc., in the principal thoroughfares from Temple Bar to Aldgate
Church, amounting to ^16,860 los., and an alternative estimate for relaying the
old materials at a cost of ^10,512 8.f. gd. The representations of the Commis
sioners resulted in an Act for the better paving, cleansing and lighting of the
City of London, etc., passed in the following May, which, amongst other provisions,
gave compulsory powers of paving "when, and as often, and in such manner, and
with such material, as they shall think fit," and also empowered them to remove all
signs and other projections and encroachments within the City, under a penalty of
£5 to each offender. Funds were to be provided, partly by a rate, which was not
to exceed is. 6d. in the pound, and partly by tolls to be taken at nine turnpikes in
the north and north-east districts of London. — The injustice caused by the use of
false measures had grown to such an extent that the Lord Mayor took special
steps to enforce the Act of 11 and 12 William III for stamping weights and
measures. Summonses were issued against publicans, milkmen, and other dealers,
for selling in vessels not sealed with the City mark ; and by the severe enforce-
ment of the Act the abuses were considerably abated. ^ — During this year there was
great activity in building operations both in the City and its suburbs. — Stimulated
by the success of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and
Commerce, an association of painters, sculptors, architects and engravers obtained
this year a charter of incorporation under the name of " The Society of Artists
of Great Britain," with authority to use a common seal and other powers within the
City of London and ten miles thereof
The London Tavern, in Bishopsgate Street, was designed by William Jupp. — Dr. Johnson lived
at No. I, Inner Temple Lane from 1760 to 1765.— The North Briton, No. 4J, was caught up by
tradesmen as an advertising idea, goods being distinguished as "No. 45" in order to catch the
public eye. Many years later, the favourite snuff retailed by a Fleet Street dealer was kept in a
canister marked " 45."
A.D. 1766 Modern History of the City of London. 19
1766.
|R. THOMAS BIRCH, Secretary of the Royal Society, and Rector
of St. Margaret Pattens, was thrown (9 Jan., 1766) from his horse
in the Hampstead Road, and died a few hours after. — A young
woman was offered (15th) for sale on Change for 30 guineas. On
the vendors being brought before the Lord Mayor they proved
to be an uncle of the girl and his wife. She had been taken from the workhouse
at Bodmin and brought to London at the May assizes. The woman was acquitted,
and the man sentenced to six months' imprisonment and a shilling fine. An
attempted sale by a workhouse deputy governor was similarly frustrated next
year. — Rev. William Romaine was elected (28th) by the parishioners Rector of
St. Anne's, Blackfriars. — ^V Share of the New River Company was sold for ^4,400
(10 Feb.). — After trial by a special jury of non-freemen a fine of ^25 was
inflicted (25 Feb.) on one who had acted as a broker without being admitted,
under Queen Anne's Act, by the Court of Aldermen. Next year this decision was
limited so as to allow a friend to buy or sell for his friend without a licence. —
The Prince of Wales was appointed Captain-General of the Hon. Artillery
Company (8 Mar.). — On the i8th the Act for the repeal of the American Stamp
Act received the Royal assent. On its passing the House of Commons (24 Feb.)
the city bells were rung from morn till night ; those of St. Michael's, Cornhill
continued to ring till nearly midnight, and wound up with 45 platoons. Two
members of the House of Commons went with the Bill to the House of Lords.
On its passing into law the ships in the river displayed their colours ; the houses
in the city were illuminated, and the Americans then in London celebrated the
event by a great banquet (Ap.) in Drapers' Hall, to over 240 guests, among
whom were many peers of the realm. — Alderman Trecothick was elected Sheriff
(25 Ap.) in place of Mr. Charlewood, deceased. — On the day of the prorogation
of Parliament, 14 May, the bill for paving, lighting, &c., the city, received the
Royal assent. The highway from Temple Bar to Whitechapel was first put in
hand, and the assessment fixed at is. 6d. per £, for the streets begun to be
paved, and is. for the other streets. Sunday tolls were enacted for 21 years
from 29 Sept., at all the Middlesex approaches to the city (but not from persons
bringing provisions to the London markets), and vested in the Lord Mayor and
Commissioners. The paving was to be of Aberdeen granite and the work was
begun 14 July. — The silk-weaving trade was very dull; in Feb. 200 weavers were
discharged. At the Queen's birthday ball (20 Feb.) only rich silks of Spitalfields
D 2
20 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1766
manufacture were worn, and the Royal assent was given (14 May) to a Bill
prohibiting importation of French-made silks and cambric. Several thousand
Spitalfields weavers accompanied the King on this occasion from St. James's to
Westminster Hall and back, flying streamers of their own manufacture, and
attended by bands of music. On their way home they haked at the Mansion
House, their bands playing God Save the King; after three hearty cheers they
returned to Spitalfields, where most of the houses were illuminated, bonfires were
lighted in the streets,
and fireworks displayed
in demonstration of
their joy. — The Com-
mon Council (16 May)
recommended the
magistrates not to
license any assembly or
assembly house which
should have any ten-
dency to corrupt the
morals of the people.
They also voted ^400
for the sufferers from
a fire at Montreal. —
Four hundred and forty
haymakers assembled
at the Royal Exchange
(i June) where a col-
lection was made for
their assistance, the
heavy rains preventing
them from work. — On
the King's birthday
(4 June) the Mansion
House was illuminated,
and there was a grand
display of fireworks on
Tower Hill. At the
Back of Pick's Coffee House, Have Court, Temple. ball, at St. JamCs's,
A.D. 1766 Modern History of the City of London. 21
there was no article of dress of French manufacture, and the dresses of
home manufacture far exceeded in richness the foreign ones usually worn.
Severe fines were inflicted on both importers and wearers of foreign silks,
and one merchant received .1^225 as damages against the Custom House for
seizing a parcel of silks proved to be of Spitalfields manufacture. — A fine
house in Philpot Lane, built by a Mr. Ubtorff, at a cost of ^7,000, was sold
(5th) for ^5,340. — The Head Keeper of Wood Street Compter was appointed
(14 July) without purchase, a right step in the administration of justice; formerly
this post had been sold for ^1,500. On inquiry it was found (30th) that the
City of London had a right to import 4,000 chaldrons of coals for the poor at
one shilling below the usual Custom duty, a power they resolved to put in force
on account of the present distress. — The King granted (ig Aug.) to the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of London, the right to hold a market for hops
every Wednesday for ever, and on 8 Sept. ninety-three carriages of hops, each
upwards of two tons weight, were offered for sale, the largest quantity hitherto
known. — The synagogue in Duke's Place was dedicated (31 Aug.) with very
great pomp and solemnity. — ;^500 was voted (19 Sept.) for the sufferers from a
fire at Barbadoes ; many of the City Companies also made contributions. — A
congratulatory address to the King from the Corporation on the birth of a
princess (29 Sept.), and the marriage of his youngest sister, Caroline Matilda,
by proxy, to Christian VII, King of Denmark (28 Sept.), was presented by the
Sheriffs (28 Oct). — The Statue of Queen Elizabeth, which formerly stood over
Ludgate, was set (14 Oct.) up at St. Dunstan's-in-the-West. — Alderman Robert
Kite was chosen Lord Mayor. — The freedom of the City was voted to His Royal
Highness The Duke of Gloucester (11 Dec), and on the same day the Court
of Common Council agreed to petition Parliament for a remedy for great frauds
in the measurement of coals.
Riots were frequent all over the country on account of the dearth of bread. — From Mar. to
the end of June 115,497 quarters of wheat were imported into London, most of which found its
way to the country. A City Company, which made a point of having green peas at its feast
(29 May), paid sixteen guineas for sixteen quarts, and (17 June) common cherries sold at 4^-. a lb.,
the price three years before being 2d. In Sept. apples, which sold last year at 2s. 6d., were selling
for loi-. A proclamation was issued against forestalling &c. (10 Sept.). A bad harvest increased
the distress. The Sheriffs prepared a petition (23rd), and were directed by the Common Council
to lay it before the King, who ordered them to attend the Privy Council. An embargo was
consequently laid by proclamation (26th) on all ships laden with corn for exportation. The price of
bread rose in Oct. to 2s. Sd. per peck or &d. per quartern loaf, and 6d. for households. — On the assembling
of Parliament a further prohibition was ordered (12 Nov.) on barley and malt; the Sheriffs were
ordered (30 Nov.) to present a petition to Parliament as to the price of provisions ; and in Dec.
exportation was forbidden, and importation free of duty permitted for a limited time. _;^23o,ooo
22 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1766-7
were estimated to have been sent out of the country for oats within less than three years. — The
acute distress in London was intensified by a severe frost lasting from the middle of Dec. to nearly the
end of Jan., 1767. — A high wind and tide spoiled _;^5o,ooo worth of goods in the river warehouses.
Numbers of larks were found in the hay carts at Smithfield so numbed as to allow themselves to be
taken by the hand. Bread rose to Sj^d. per quartern loaf. Meal barges could not approach the City
on the frozen river, either from above or below. Riots in the country had also limited the supply.
In the beginning of 1767 the Court of Common Council voted ^1,000 (21 Jan.) for the assistance of
the poor who were not in receipt of parish relief. The Lord Mayor, all the Aldermen, and fifty-two
Commoners were appointed as a Relief Committee. The Lord Mayor subscribed ;^ioo, and others
gave generously; six days after ^1,315 were distributed. — The first of Lloyd's Registers of Shipping
(for 1764-66) was pubhshed, the vessels registered being classed under the letters A, E, I, O, and U. —
Wilson's Loan Charity was founded by the will of Samuel Wilson, of Hatton Garden, who bequeathed
^20,000 to the City Chamberlain for the purpose of granting loans at one per cent, for the first year,
and two per cent, for the remaining years of the term, to young men who have been in business in the
City between one and three years.
1767.
^N 23 Jan., 1767, Deputy Paterson brought forward a scheme for
raising ^282,000 for paying the deficit on London Bridge, com-
pleting Blackfriars Bridge, and redeeming the tolls, making a river
embankment from Paul's Wharf to Milford Lane, repairing the
Royal Exchange, and rebuilding Newgate. On the 31st the plan
was approved by the Common Council, and ordered to be presented to Parliament
by the Sheriffs. The Royal assent was given in June, and the Common Council
ordered (23 June) the freedom of the City, in a gold box, to be conferred on the
Right Hon. Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer, for the great favour
he had shown the City in forwarding the various bills for promoting its embellish-
ment, convenience, and prosperity. Mr. Townshend did not live long to enjoy the
honour, dying on 4 Sept. Plate to the value of ^200 was voted to Deputy Paterson,
Chairman of Ways and Means in the House of Commons, for his services generally,
but especially for the plan then waiting the Royal assent.— Leave was given to the
proprietors of the London Bridge Waterworks to use for their works the fifth arch
of the bridge— but should their works interfere with the navigation, the grant
would be revoked, and the Common Council refund the expenses of the Company
in occupying the said arch.— A report from a Committee, appointed in 1765, to
consider in whom was vested the control over the City Hospitals was presented
to the Common Council (24 Feb.). The five Hospitals, St. Bartholomew's,
Christ Church, St. Thomas's, Bridewell, and Bethlehem, had been granted by
three authentic instruments to the Lord Mayor, Commonalty, and citizens of
London. The management had, however, fallen at an early date into the hands
A.D. 1767 Modern History of the City of London. 23
of the Court of Aldermen alone. — The freedom of the City was voted (10 Mar.)
to the Duke of Cumberland, the King's brother. — Gresham College and its site in
Bishopsgate, was sold to the Government for the Excise Office, for the paltry sum
of ^500 per annum, and to the lasting injury of this noble Foundation (22 May).
The Lectures were to be read in the rooms over the Royal Exchange. The
Lecturers, who had hitherto occupied rooms in the College, and, who, in accordance
with Gresham's will, were celibates, received compensation for their houses ; and, by
an Act of Parliament ratifying this exchange, and passed next year, they were allowed
to marry. — In June, a duty of dd. per chaldron on coals was granted to the City for
46 years, in addition to 35 yet to run of an unexpired grant, to redeem tolls on the
bridges, embank the river, and rebuild Newgate. — The rebuilt church of All
Hallows-in-the-Wall was consecrated (8 Sept.). — The Gresham Committee re-
solved (22 Sept.) to pull down the west end of the Exchange and rebuild it after
the designs of Mr. Robinson. — The Right Hon. Thomas Harley was elected Lord
Mayor (29 Sept.) for the ensuing year. He was brother to the Earl of Oxford ;
the only instance of a brother of a British peer being Lord Mayor of London.
He had only been Alderman for six years, but the resignation of three members,
and the indisposition of a fourth, brought him thus early to the Chair. — The Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council presented (30 Nov.) an address to the
King congratulating him on the birth of another prince, and condoling with
him on the death of his brother, the Duke of York. They were graciously
received. The King expressed his thanks, " for the satisfaction they expressed in
the increase of his family, and for the reference to the Duke of York."
A crowd, estimated at 80,000, mostly women, met (19 Jan.) in the centre of Moorfields. and
was with difficulty restrained from lynching a man who was executed there, near his own residence,
for starving and otherwise maltreating his wife. — The Lock-up houses for detaining recruits for the
East India Company's service were found to be places of great harshness and cruelty. A man
threw himself from the window of one in Chancery Lane (2 Feb.) and was killed. Dead bodies
from another in Butcher's Row were carried at night to St. Bride's Churchyard and buried. Young
men were decoyed to them under pretence of being engaged as servants, or by executing a warrant
against them for some trifling theft. Sailors were seized and locked up. The grand jury of the City
presented a memorial (i Mar.) in reference to these houses, and two of the keepers were sentenced
(i June) to twelve months' imprisonment. Next year (28 Nov.) another agent was sentenced in the
Court of King's Bench to eighteen months' imprisonment. — A Jew was charged before the Lord
Mayor (26 June) with hawking hats in the City, thereby subjecting himself to a fine of ;^i2, or
three months' hard labour in Bridewell. Some years before, a housekeeper in London, a freeman
of the City, having a proper hawker's licence, was convicted of a similar offence, and on refusing
to pay the fine, committed to Bridewell for three months, on the ground that no person, licensed
or unlicensed, might hawk goods within any Corporate town in this Kingdom. — In a dense Nov.
fog, two persons lost their lives ; one at Billingsgate, by falling into the river ; another by suffocation
in the mud of the Fleet Ditch. — Four hundred weavers in Bethnal Green destroyed (11 Dec.)
24 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1767-8
the looms of a worsted lace maker. The soldiers were sent for and dispersed the mob. Forty
ringleaders were seized, and after admonition and reprimand, discharged. — Mr. ^^'illiam Robinson,
Surveyor to the City Hospitals, left munificent bequests to several City hospitals and schools. —
John Newbery, publisher, of St. Paul's Churchyard, died (22 Dec). — Jacob Tonson, bookseller, in
the Strand, died 31 Mar. — Great friction between the Fellows of the College of Physicians and the
Licentiates, culminated in a riot, on the occasion of the Fellows dinner on St. Luke's Day, the
Licentiates forcing the gate of the College in Warwick Lane, and breaking a number of windows with
their canes. — During the severe winter of 1767-8 the Lord Mayor had 50 lbs. of beef boiled every day
for distribution among the poor, and an unknown person released 26 prisoners from the Poultry, and
others from Wood Street, confined for debts between 40s. and ^6, and each received a gift of ^os.
1768.
52 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1777
otherwise liable. A committee of the Court of Common Council was appointed to take up this case,
with power to take all proper measures, and the City Solicitor was ordered to obey their instructions.
Their defence was based on the Charter of Edward III., and on a statute of William and Mary,
exempting freemen of London from service out of the City against their inclination. The Admiralty
replied they would consult with the Crown lawyers before answer. Meanwhile a constable of
Queenhithe ward had also been impressed while on duty. Early in Ap. Lord Mansfield granted
a writ of habeas corpus for both. The first returned in charge of the City Marshal from the Nore,
and the second was discharged by his captain.
The Rev. William Dodd, LL.D., a popular and impressive preacher, founder
of the Magdalen Charity, and an active supporter of the Society for the Relief of
Imprisoned Debtors, was charged (8 Feb.) with forging a bond for ^4,200.
His popularity had led him into extravagant expenses, and finding at the close of 1776 that to
meet his tradesmen's bills was beyond his present supply of ready money, he uttered a bill for ^4,200,
bearing the forged signature of Lord Chesterfield, to whom he had formerly been tutor. His
immediate necessity required only about ^300. This he could easily have repaid in a short time as
his church preferments alone brought him in ^800 a year. The large sum in the bond was supposed
to have been inserted, in order to support the notion that the bill was really Lord Chesterfield's. On
the forgery being discovered by the money-lender's attorney, Dr. Dodd repaid the amount of the bond
in the expectation that no prosecution would follow. He was tried, however, and found guilty on
22 Feb., after a trial of seven hours, but, as exception had been taken to the condition under which the
bill-broker's evidence was given, sentence was deferred till the opinion of the Judges on that matter had
been delivered. When brought up for judgment on 16 May, he delivered an eloquent appeal for
sparing his life (written by Dr. Samuel Johnson), and at its close sunk down quite overcome with
agony. He was sentenced to be executed at the usual place. Petitions for a respite were presented
by the Sheriffs, on behalf of the Corporation (written by Dr. Johnson, but altered by the Council),
to the King, from the Magdalen Charity to the Queen, and by Lord Percy from Westminster, signed
by 20,000 people, based on his former usefulness, and on absence of any intention to defraud.
Dr. Johnson and many others interested themselves in different unostentatious ways to procure a
respite. All was of no avail. He was carried from Newgate, while all the streets along which he
passed were crowded with spectators, to Tyburn, where he was executed (27 June).
Lord North presented (9 Ap.) to the House of Commons a message from the
King stating that by reason of the expenses of his household and of his civil
government his debts amounted to over ^600,000, and expressing his belief in the
readiness of that House to concur in enabling him to discharge this debt and to
make some further provision for the better support of his household, and of the
honour and dignity of the Crown.
On Sir Fletcher Norton, Speaker of the House of Commons, presenting the Bill for this purpose
for the Royal Assent (7 May), he added, "In a time of public distress, full of difficulty and dangers,
their constituents labouring under burdens almost too heavy to be borne, your faithful Commons have
not only granted to your Majesty a large present supply, but also a very great additional revenue
(^100,000 per annum), great beyond example, great beyond your Majesty's highest expense. But all
this they have done in a well-grounded confidence that you will apply wisely what they have granted
liberally ; and feeling what every good subject must feel with the greatest satisfaction that, under the
direction of your Majesty's wisdom, the affluence and grandeur of the Sovereign will reflect dignity and
honour on his people." The Common Council ordered this speech to be entered on their journals
A.D. 1777 Modern History of the City of London. 53
(15 May), and voted the freedom of this City, in a gold box of fifty guineas, to the Speaker for having
declared, in manly terms, to His Majesty the real state of the nation. In returning thanks, nearly a
year after. Sir Fletcher added, " I cannot wish to have omitted one word of that speech which has
attracted the extraordinary notice of the Common Council. My behaviour has been repeatedly
approved by the unanimous voice of the House of Commons, who alone by this constitution have the
right to call in question and to decide upon the parliamentary conduct of their Speaker." He politely
declined the gold box.
The war in America had stopped the outlet for transportation. Some of the
convicts were employed in forming an embankment in Woolwich ; some at other
works on the river. Newgate prison, still unfinished, was crowded. In May,
two brothers, Sheffield bricklayers, sentenced to death, found means to escape by
digging through the six feet brick walls. In consequence the walls were faced
with large stones so as to be rendered as secure as possible. The Moorfield rioters
(sentenced in Feb., 1774) were the leaders in a general outbreak in the prison
against the governor (20 Aug.). Windows were broken, the iron casements
were thrown into the Quadrangle, and attempts were made to break down the
prison walls. The complaint was that seven years' imprisonment, under existing
conditions, was a burden too great to bear, and, on the Lord Mayor promising
that he would represent the case of those who conducted themselves properly to
the King, with a view to a remission of sentence, the outbreak was subdued. —
The Bishop of London issued a pastoral (19 Mar.) on the due observance of
Good Friday, and the Court of Aldermen ordered that the Royal Exchange be
shut, and recommended the citizens to close their shops and in other ways observe
the day; notice was given that the Aldermen would hear a sermon in St. Paul's. —
Bills received the Royal assent (Ap.), for Improving the Navigation of the River
from London Bridge to Staines ; and for enabling the City to purchase the tolls
of the River westward of London Bridge and within the liberties, and to levy
small tolls in lieu thereof. — A white marble statue of Mrs. Catherine Macaulay,
who was yet living, was set up (8 Sept.) in the chancel of St. Stephen's,
Walbrook, by the Rector, Dr. Thomas Wilson, and ordered by the Vestry to be
removed because erected without their consent. On appeal to the Spiritual Court
the monument was ordered to be boarded up till after the lady's death. The
first volume of her "History of England from the Revolution" contains an
engraving of this statue, with St. Stephen's, Walbrook, in the distance. —
Sir James Esdaile, alderman of Cripplegate, was elected Lord Mayor (29 Sept.).
On his being sworn into office the Lord Chancellor said, "His Majesty highly
approves of the choice made by the City of London," and added, for himself,
"What pleasure the citizens must feel on a return of that dignity, peace, and
54 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1777-8
tranquillity which had been lost and disturbed for many years past," and hoped
"matters would return to the old channel."— The Lord Mayor and Corporation
presented (7 Nov.) a congratulatory address on the birth (3rd) of a Princess.—
Much scandal was caused by the stealing of dead bodies, for dissection, from
several graveyards. The gravedigger of St. George's, Bloomsbury, and his
assistant were sentenced to six months' imprisonment and to be publicly and
severely whipped twice from Kingsgate Street, Holborn, to Dyott Street, St. Giles,
a distance of half a mile. The latter part of the sentence was remitted for
fear of violence to the criminals on the part of the mob. — A petition from certain
creditors of John Wilkes was presented (23 Oct.) to the Common Council, asking
for payment of debts contracted by him during his mayoralty. It was ordered to
lie on the table. A motion was made (19 Nov.) for paying .^f 500 a year, during the
pleasure of the Court, to Alderman Wilkes for his services in the cause of liberty,
but it was decided that such a proceeding would be an improper application of the
City's funds and a dangerous precedent. — A committee was appointed, of which the
City representatives were members, at the King's Arms, Cornhill (24 Dec), for
relieving the distresses of American prisoners in British jails. Nearly .^^4,000
was subscribed.
Nelson's earliest extant letter is dated from the Navy Office in Seething Lane, 14 Ap. 1777.— St.
Alphage, London Wall, was rebuilt 1 774-1777, by Sir William Staines, on the site of the old Priory
of St. Mary-the-Virgin. — From Donkin's Mililary Collections, published this year, it would appear that
the City recognised the right of the 3rd regiment of foot (the Buffs) to march through London with
drums beating and colours flying, as successors of the City Trained Bands.
1778.
•HE Lord Mayor laid a plan before the King (15 Jan., 1778) for
opening a subscription to raise land and sea forces, but the Common
Council (i6th) resolved that "to give any countenance, or to be
in any way instrumental in continuing the present war with the
Colonies will reflect dishonour on humanity." Next day, how-
ever, the proposed subscription was opened at the London Tavern, and ^14,000
was subscribed for enlisting men for service in the war. — Three petitions were
presented (3 Feb.) by the Sheriffs to the House of Commons, one for raising
^15,000 for a new Sessions House for Middlesex, with ^6,000 for buying up
old houses to clear a proper foundation for the same ; another for raising ^20,000
for finishing Newgate Prison ; and the third for ^20,000 for forming a new
street from Bishopsgate to Barbican. — The Government lotteries had aroused a
spirit of gambling.
A.D. 1778 Modern History of the City of London. 55
The holders of tickets re-sold shares of the tickets they had bought. The result was that tradesmen
of every description advertised as an attraction to customers the chance of a share in a lottery-ticket.
The barbers, for instance, where a man on paying three-pence for being shaved obtained a chance of
j£io in the lottery. An eating-house in Wych Street, where if you paid for sixpenny-worth of roast
or boiled beef you received a note, which if fortunate at the draw might entitle the customer to sixty
guineas. An old woman, a sausage seller, in a little alley in Smithfield, put up in chalk " sausages, or
S^. to be gained by a farthing relish." To check this practice, a Bill was passed (27 Mar.) enacting
that vendors of lottery-tickets should pay a licence of ;£5o, and that any person selling less than one-
sixth of a ticket should incur a penalty of £$0.
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, who had been exhausted by his speech (7 Ap.)
against terms of peace with the Colonists, died on 1 1 May. The House of Commons
voted a public funeral, and a monument in Westminster Abbey. The Common
Council, through the Sheriffs, petitioned the House of Commons (21 May) and
through the Lord Mayor, the King (5 June) that his body might be buried in
St. Paul's. They also appointed a committee to consider what mark of respect would
most fitly perpetuate the memory of the deceased nobleman. In Dec, 1779, it was
agreed to erect a statue in the Guildhall, over the hustings, facing Lord Mayor
Beckford's ; Mr. Bacon to be the sculptor, and the cost not to exceed ^3,000.
This monument was completed in 1782, and unveiled on 10 Oct. of that year. —
At the Midsummer poll Hopkins was again elected Chamberlain by a large
majority over Wilkes. — The Corporation was nonsuited by Lord Mansfield
(3 Aug.) in a claim for 1.5-. Sd. as toll upon fruit brought from Kent, Essex
and Berkshire, and landed at Blackfriars stairs. — The Custom House officers
with some musqueteers entered the Fleet Prison (9 Aug.) to search for con-
traband goods, and seized 2,491 lbs. of tea, 1,874 lbs. of coffee, 1,020 lbs. of
chocolate and ^1,500 worth of lace. These had been placed in the prison by
raising ladders against the outer wall, and dropping the goods inside. — Alderman
Oliver declined to be nominated as Lord Mayor, and resigned the aldermanic
gown (25 Nov.). The critical state of the West India Islands, where his
property lay, required his presence there. — Alderman Samuel Plumbe was elected
Lord Mayor (29 Sept.). Lord Mayor Esdaile refused to put to the Common
Hall a resolution of thanks to the four City members for their opposition to "a
weak and wicked administration," recommending them also to continue their
best endeavours to prosecute them to shame and punishment. — The Common
Council (19 Nov.) gave instructions to their representatives to make strenuous
efforts to prevent the loss of our Colonies, and "the shame and distress of this
unhappy country."
In this year a Livery was granted to the Gunmakers' Company.
56 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1779
1779.
N 16 Feb., 1779, the body of Dr. William Boyce, musician, was
interred in St. Paul's Cathedral. — The news of the acquittal of
Admiral Keppel by a court martial, on 1 1 Feb., was received with
much joy in London.
The City and AVestminster were illuminated. The Mansion House displayed 300 glass lamps,
and the Monument was gaily lighted up. The mob broke un-illuminated windows, and especially those
belonging to the Ministers who had issued a commission for the trial. The house of Sir Hugh
Palliser, Keppel's accuser, was put under guard, and on the withdrawal of the guard, about one o'clock
in the morning, the mob attacked the house, broke open the doors, and destroyed the furniture, and
threw it out of the windows. Effigies of Palliser were carried about the City suspended, and then
burnt. Next day the Common Council voted the Admiral thanks for the protection he had afforded
to trade by his spirited conduct, and accorded him the freedom of the City in a heart-of-oak box.
The Corporation went to his house in South Audley Street (22nd) and presented their thanks, with the
offer of the freedom of the City, and an invitation to dine with them that night at the London Tavern.
The sailors unyoked the horses from the Admiral's carriage and drew it to the Tavern.
Robert Vyner, a descendant of Sir Robert Vyner, Lord Mayor (1675) made
request to the Common Council that the celebrated statue erected by his
ancestor in Stocks Market, and taken down in 1738 for the purpose of erecting
the Mansion House on the site, should be handed over to him. The request
was granted (28 May), and the statue subsequently erected in Gautby Park,
Lincolnshire.
Pennant says that Sir Robert Vyner, anxious to erect a statue in honour of Charles II "fortunately
discovered one, made at Leghorn, of John Sobieski trampling on a Turk. The good Knight caused
some alteration to be made, and christened the Polish monarch by the name of Charles, and bestowed
on the turbaned Turk that of Oliver Cromwell."
The state of the prisons was still highly unsatisfactory.
In the King's Bench there were 140 rooms and 600 prisoners; one who had been a prisoner for
debt for some years had assumed the status of Chief Justice of the King's Bench Prison, and with the
aid of his self-appointed marshals dispensed justice among the prisoners. The number of prisoners and
the scarcity of beds raised the value of the latter. Seniority in prison seems to have established a
claim to a bed as it became vacant. These the " Chief Justice " and his satellites claimed in virtue
of their seniority, and having obtained the bed put it up to the highest bidder. The current price for a
bed was 24s., of which i^. went to the governor as rent, the balance into the hands of the mock officers of
justice. These self-constituted justices obtained in this way a fair revenue, and when discharge time
came, instead of leaving, they got a friend to set up a claim against them for debt, and in virtue of
decree, remained in the prison without losing their seniority. To remedy this abuse an order was
made by the Court of King's Bench : "that every prisoner who had been supersedable for six months,
and who had not been superseded should be immediately discharged unless such prisoner should be
freshly charged, and in that case he should lose the benefit of his seniority."
The Common Council petitioned (i June) the House of Lords, and also
addressed the King against the House Tax in its present form.— A special jury
affirmed (14 July) the right of the City to a duty of 6d. per load on all hay, the
58 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1779-80
property of non-freemen, sold at Smithfield Market— The foundation stone of
the new Session House at Clerkenwell was laid (20 Aug.).— The Rev. Charles
Plumptre, Dean of Ely, Archdeacon of Ely, Rector of St. Mary, Woolnoth,
London, and of Orpington, in Kent, died on 14 Sept. ; and John Glynn, Recorder
of the City, on the 1 6th. The salary of the Recorder was now ( 5 Oct. ) fixed at ^^600,
which with other perquisites amounted to about £1,200. Mr. Serjeant Adair was
appointed to the vacant office. Since 1680, there had been fifteen Recorders, ten
of whom had been appointed Judges in the King's Courts, and five had died while
holding the office.— Alderman Brackley Kennet was elected Lord Mayor on
Michaelmas-day.— Alderman William Bridgen of Farringdon Within, died at his
house at Four Tree Hill, Enfield, 18 Oct. Since his Mayoralty he had attended
neither Council nor Wardmote meetings till the last election of Recorder, when he
was brought up by Wilkes to vote for Serjeant Adair, in such a state of weakness
as to need supporting into the hall. — Benjamin Hopkins, the City Chamberlain,
died (9 Nov.). He was elected Feb., 1776, and had since been re-elected four
times, each after a contest with Wilkes. The contests are said to have cost him
^5,000. On the 30th Wilkes was elected Chamberlain.
1780.
ARLY in 1784 the Lord Mayor presented an address to the
King, thanking His Majesty for dismissing Fox, whose Bill for
the regulation of the East India Company had proved highly
unpopular. Fox had been succeeded by Pitt, to whom the
Court of Common Council (10 Feb.) voted their thanks and
the freedom of the City.
A committee went (28th) in procession to Berkeley Square to present the resolutions of the Court
to Mr. Pitt, Alderman Townsend being spokesman. They returned amid the acclamations of the crowd
to Grocers' Hall, where Pitt received the freedom from Chamberlain Wilkes. The crowd drew Pitt's
carriage from Berkeley Square to Grocers' Hall, and back in the evening. Windows not illuminated
were broken by the crowd.
Parliament was prorogued on the 24th, and dissolved next day. The writs were
returnable for 18 May. The City poll closed 6 Ap., when Watson, Lewes,
Newnham, and Sawbridge were declared duly elected. Wilkes, in his address
to the Middlesex electors, said, "I anxiously supplicate the honour of your suffrages
that I may be enabled to strengthen the hands of our present virtuous young
minister, in his patriotic plans to retrieve your affairs, to restore public credit, to
recover the faded glory of our country!" He and Maynwaring were returned for
70 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1784-5
Middlesex. — In Ap., Prebendary Wilson was buried at St. Stephen's, Walbrook,
with much pomp, two hundred flambeaux being carried in the cortege. — Sir
Barnard Turner, Sheriff, and M.P. for Southwark, died in his house at Paul's
Wharf. His body was carried down Thames Street into Chatham Square, at the
foot of Blackfriars Bridge, where it was met by the Artillery Company and the
Foot Associations, and escorted through the City to Shoreditch, on its way
to the family burying place, at Therfield, near Royston, Herts. He and his
colleague had distinguished their term of office by improvements in prison
discipline and in the execution of distraints for debt, and by fixing executions at
Newgate instead of Tyburn. — On 7 July, the proclamation of peace between Great
Britain, the States of Holland, and the United States of America, was read at the
Royal Exchange. — Lunardi made his ascent from Moorfields in a balloon on
15 Sept. The papers were filled with accounts of aerostatic attempts. — Alderman
Richard Clark was elected Mayor (29th). — Dr. Samuel Johnson died at his
residence in Bolt Court, Fleet Street (13 Dec), and was buried in Westminster
Abbey (20th), in Poets' Corner, close to the grave of his friend David Garrick. A
monument to his memory, by Bacon, first proposed to be erected in Westminster
Abbey, but afterwards erected in St. Paul's, was unveiled 23 Feb., 1796.
Mirabeau lodged at a house in Hatton Garden. — Sir Joshua Reynolds was presented with the
freedom of the Painter-Stainers' Company. — John Palmer introduced coaches for the conveyance of
mails. — The Sovereign's head, which forms part of the hall-mark of the Goldsmiths' Company, was
added this year.
1785.
HE Insurance offices made attempts to obtain for themselves the
damages paid by the City of London to sufferers by fire in
the riots of 1780, but failed in the Court of King's Bench
(11 Feb., 1785). — Twenty persons were executed in front of
Newgate, 2 Feb., and nineteen on 28 Ap.
There were, at this time, in Newgate forty-nine prisoners under sentence of death, and one hundred
and eighty under sentence of transportation, with a total of 540. The numerous executions for petty
crimes against property were arousing a strong feeling against such a punishment for minor offences.
A proposed tax on retail-shops raised an agitation of protest in the City (May).
Pitt replied to the complaining citizens that they could compensate themselves by raising the
prices of their wares. A petition to Parliament dwelt upon the fact that London and Middlesex paid
80 parts out of 513 of the whole Land Tax raised in the Kingdom. The Bill, however, became
an Act on 30 May. It was repealed in 1789.
/y.-\,ir /rr/f'-ir
A.D. 1785
Modern History of the City of London.
71
The coal traders entered into combination and refused to land their coals from
the river. The Lord Mayor offered a reward of ;^2oo (28 July) to anyone of
the combination who would give evidence, and threatened that, unless coals were
Christopher Atkinson, standing in the Pillory, 25 Nov., 1785.
delivered by i Aug., the laws would be put in force. This had the desired
effect. — The Government victualling department was removed (27 Aug.) from
Tower Hill to the victualling yard lately built at Deptford, the clerks being
provided for at Somerset House. — Richard Atkinson, alderman of Tower Ward
and M.P. for New Romney, died at Brighton (28th). He is said to have
come to London without either friends or money, and with no educational
advantages beyond reading and writing. He left means amounting to pif 300,000.
— Alderman Thomas Wright was elected Mayor (29 Sept.). — The City Surveyor
was ordered (27 Oct.) to prepare a correct plan of all London within the limits.
72 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1785-6
with a general description, with a view to improvements. — Christopher Atkinson,
victualling contractor to the Government, had been expelled from the House of
Commons on his conviction for perjury (Dec, 1783), and was sentenced to a fine of
^2,000, to stand in the pillory, and to twelve months' imprisonment. The
conviction was confirmed on appeal to the House of Lords. He was placed in a
pillory this year (25 Nov.), erected close to the Corn Exchange, Mark Lane. The
pillars were labelled " Christopher Atkinson, Esq., for perjury." A great concourse
of people attended, and the Sheriffs were present on horseback, with the two
chief City Marshals and 500 constables. — A new Session House was built in the
Old Bailey, which, together with the re-building of Newgate, cost the Corporation
^90,000.
1786.
HE Lord Mayor, Recorder, and Sheriffs, on going to St. Margaret's
Hill, Borough, to hold a Court (13 Jan., 1786) of Quarter Sessions,
found a County Justice holding a Court for the County. The
Recorder insisted that the Justice (Sir Joseph Mawbey) was
infringing the rights of the City. The Justice insisted on the
privilege of the County. Sir Joseph, however, quitted the chair, and the Lord
Mayor took his place. — A fire occurred (7 Feb.) in the lower apartments of the
Chamberlain's house, at Guildhall, by which his office, and in it the registers
and books of admission of freemen were destroyed. — The Sheriffs and Remem-
brancer waited on the King (22 Mar.) with a petition relating to the congested
state of Newgate. — A Bill had been introduced to provide for keeping Blackfriars
Bridge in repair by levying Sunday tolls on the bridge, and a petition from the City
was presented (12 July, 1785) to the House of Lords in its favour. The Bill was put
off for three months, but was passed in the present session (26 May). These tolls on
the Surrey side of the bridge came into force on Sunday, 25 June. — The Corporation
presented an address to the King (11 Aug.) on his escape from assassination (2nd)
at the hands of a mad woman, Margaret Nicholson. — Alderman Thomas Sainsbury
was elected Lord Mayor (29 Sept.). On Lord Mayor's day there was no
procession, owing to the death of the Princess Amelia, only surviving daughter of
George HI.
Watermen's Hall, i8, St. Mary-at-Hill, Lower Thames Street, was erected. The old Hall was
situated in Cold Harbour, Upper Thames Street,— The east and west wings of the Bank of England
were added by Sir Robert Taylor, 1766-86.
A.D. 1787 Modern History of the City of London. iz
17S7.
=:iAh=>iSii 1 larger. The body was brought (8th) by water firom Greenwich to the Admiralty.
The procession consisted of eighteen barges, the third of which carried the remains. In the fourth
were the chief mourners, the fifth was the King's barge, in the sixth were the I.ords of the Admiralty,
in the seventh the Lord Mayor, in the eighth the Corporation Committee, with the tattered colours of
the " Victory," borne by seven selected seamen of that vessel, then the barge of the Corporation
Committee for Improving the Navigation of the River, followed by the barges of the Drapers, Fish-
mongers, Goldsmiths, Skinners, Merchant Taylors, Ironmongers, Stationers, and Apothecaries. The
procession arrived at Whitehall Stairs a little before three, and at three the body was disembarked and
carried to the Admiralty, where it lay in the Captain's room till the funeral (9th) ; on that day the streets
from the Admiralty to St. Paul's Churchyard were lined by the Volunteers and Militia ; troops who had
served in Egypt after the battle of the Nile formed the van of the processsion, led by the Duke of
York. The cofEn, with the pall removed so as to be seen by the surging crowd of spectators, placed
on an open hearse decorated with a carved imitation of the head and stern of the "Victory,'' was
borne on a four-wheeled carriage drawn by six led horses. The funeral was met at Temple Bar by the
Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and a deputation of the Common Council. The deputation, in their violet
gowns, took their place in front of the physicians of the deceased ; the Aldermen, in scarlet
gowns, in front of the Masters in Chancery, and the Lord Mayor on horseback, attended by
the Sheriffs, rode (by a special sign-manual) between the Prince of Wales and the Herald-at-Arms.
St. Paul's was filled at an early hour. The space under the dome was illuminated by a temporary
lantern of octagonal shape, bearing about 200 lamps. The coffin was borne by torchlight from the
western door to its place within the chancel by twelve men. At the close of the service, the coffin
was carried to the grave under the centre of the dome, round which were assembled the private mourners,
while the Royal Family, Foreign Ambassadors, and Naval Officers, had seats reserved on the south
side of the dome, and the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, on the north. The inner
coffin, lined with lead, was made in the hero's lifetime from the mast of the " L'Orient," the French
Admiral's flagship at Aboukir.
Four money-lenders, for conspiring to hinder a bankrupt from receiving his
discharge, because he would not agree to their presenting a claim for money
borrowed at an extravagant rate of interest as a claim for goods received, were
sentenced (17 Jan.) to two years' imprisonment, and to be pilloried in Finsbury
Square within the first month of their imprisonment. — In Chatham Place, in
his 77th year, died (21st) Peter Perchard, Alderman of Candlewick, 1798;
Sheriff, 1793 ; Lord Mayor, 1804. — The Common Council (29th) voted the
freedom of the City and a sword of 100 guineas to Captain Masterman Hardy,
Captain of Nelson's flag-ship " Victory." — Thomas Skinner, Alderman of Oueen-
hithe 1785, Sheriff 1784, Lord Mayor 1794, died (30 Jan.), aged sixty-nine, at his
house in Aldersgate Street.
122 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1806
As Lord Mayor during the trials of Hardy, Tooke and Thelwall, he refused the assistance of the
mihtary in case of riots in the City, and preserved the peace by the civil power alone. He was a keen
promoter of the Temple Bar and Snow Hill improvements, and the principal street of the latter was
named in his honour. He began life as an apprentice to an upholsterer, became auctioneer, and had
paid ;^3oo,ooo as auction duty to the Government during the past year.
The Right Hon. WilHam Pitt, First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of
the Exchequer, died at Putney (23 Jan.). The Common Council voted (6 Feb.)
a monument in the Guildhall to Pitt's memory. — An address (as to which there
had been between the Common Council and the Committee appointed to draw
it up, a keen discussion which led to several verbal modifications) was presented
to the King (19 Feb.) on the accession of the Grenville Ministry. The
Council contemplated "with the greatest concern, the defeat of the Austrians
at Austerlitz, but congratulated his Majesty on the formation of an administration
combining men of the highest consideration and talents." — James Barry, the
eminent painter, died, and was buried in St. Paul's, between the graves of Sir
Christopher Wren and Sir Joshua Reynolds (14 Mar.). — The freedom of the
City and a sword of honour were voted (27 Mar.) to Sir Thomas Duckworth
for the zeal and alacrity with which he pursued a French fleet to the West Indies,
and for a signal attack on that fleet (6 Feb.) off St. Domingo. To his subordinates.
Rear Admirals Lords Cochrane and Louis, were also voted the freedom and
swords of honour. The last died before being admitted, and the Common Council
(6 May, 1808) ordered the sword to be presented to his son as a mark of their
esteem for his father. — Sir J. W. Anderson obtained leave (22 Ap.), to bring
in a Bill to enable the proprietors of the new houses in Skinner Street and
Snow Hill to dispose of them by lottery. — It was proposed to remove Bethlehem
Hospital from Moorfields, and ^10,000 was granted for that purpose by the
House of Commons (14 May). — The Royal assent was given (22 July), to a
Bill for repealing London's Additional Force Act, which provided for the
proportion of the army reserve to be raised by the City. — The Rev. John
Brand, Rector of St. Mary-at-Hill and author of " Popular Antiquities," died
in his 62nd year (11 Sept.). — Sir William Leighton was chosen Lord Mayor.
— The freedom of the City and swords of honour were voted to Major-General
Beresford, Commodore Sir Home Popham, Sir John Stuart, K.C.B., and Lieut.-
General Sir David Baird (2 Oct.).
Sir John Stuart had gained a victory over the French invaders of Italy at Maida, in Calabria ; Sir
David Baird and Sir Home Popham had taken the Dutch Colony at the Cape of Good Hope, and
after accomplishing this feat, Sir Home, with Major-General Beresford, in accordance with proposals
made by Mr. Pitt before they left England, sailed for Buenos Ayres and took the town. This was
A.D. 1806
Modern History of the City of London.
123
somewhat prematurely hailed as a new outlet for British commerce, for the occupying force was soon
obliged to surrender and an attempt next year to re-occupy the city failed.
Parliament was dissolved (25th), and on the 31st, Aldermen Price, Curtis,
Combe and Shaw were elected representatives for the City. — Napoleon, having
I^ondon Workhouse, Bishopsgate Street.
annihilated the power of Prussia at Jena, published at Berlin his celebrated decrees
against British commerce ; his hope was to ruin Great Britain by excluding her
from every harbour in Europe, proclaiming her in a state of blockade, and
declaring all vessels trading to her ports liable to capture by French ships. — The
new Parliament met (15 Dec).
The London Workhouse, in Bishopsgate Street, though sufficient to lodge 500 people, was now
only used as an asylum for a few old persons, "and is," remarks a contemporary writer, "a sinecure
R 2
124 Modem History of the City of London. a.d. 1806-7
for Keeper and Officers, who live comfortably as the servants of the community without doing any
good." Theft was, at this period, rife in the Metropolis. Robberies of goods from warehouses in and
about Cheapside were incidents of almost daily occurrence, and led to many complaints as to the lack
of police vigilance. The City of London, exclusive of Bridge Without, maintained the following
pohce : Marshals, 2; Marshal's-men, 6; beadles, 36; parish constables, 243; extra officers, 32;
total 319. — The Courts in the City now numbered seventeen, viz: Court of Husting, Lord Mayor's
Court, Court of Requests, Chamberlain's Court, Sheriff's Court, Court of Orphans, Pie Poudre Court,
Court of Conservancy, Court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, Court of Common Council, Court of
Common Hall, Court of Wardmote, General and Quarter Sessions of the Peace, daily Petty
Sessions, Coroner's Courts, Court of the Tower of London. — Joseph Elkin Daniels, a noted character
in Change Alley, defrauded a number of business men of ^^50,000. He fled to the Isle of Man,
was captured, and brought to London; but he had so framed his offence^ that he was able to
escape legal penalty.
1807.
CHARTER of Incorporation was granted to the London
Institution (21 Jan., 1807). — In connection with a motion made
by Mr. Whitbread for an improvement in the Poor Laws it was
stated that the Government, since 1801, had given no attention
to the state of the poor in Bethnal Green, Spitalfields, and
Mile End, but that within the past twelve months ^20,000 had been distributed
by Mr. Henry Thornton, in addition to sums granted by Lloyd's Committee.
By the existing Poor Law the poor of these quarters, though virtually the poor
of the City, were not and could not legally be relieved by the City, and were
completely excluded from the benefits originally intended by the legislature
simply because the parish boundaries divided them from their more opulent
employers. — In one of those huge crowds which assembled to view executions
at Newgate a cart had been left standing. Spectators mounted the cart, which
broke down under the weight. Thirty persons were killed (23 Feb.) and fifteen
injured by the pressure. — Lord Howick, afterwards Earl Grey, proposed to bring
forward (4 Mar.), on behalf of Ministers, a Bill to allow Roman Catholics in
future to take rank and hold commissions in the army and navy. A motion, made
in the Common Council by Deputy Birch to petition against the Bill, was lost (5th).
The King disapproved of the measure as contrary to his Coronation Oath and the constitution.
The Ministers offered to withdraw the measure, but insisted on their right to advise His Majesty from
time to time as to such measures as circumstances might require in Ireland. The Duke of Portland was
palled upon to form a new Ministry, and the Grenville party ordered (24 Ap.) to resign. An address
A.D. 1807 Modern History of the City of London. 125
from the Corporation was presented (22nd) to the King — "We approach the Throne," said the address,
" with our warmest and most unfeigned gratitude for the dignified and decided support and protection
recently given by Your Majesty to the Protestant Reformed Religion, as by law established, and for
the firm and constitutional exercise of your Royal prerogative to preserve the independence of the
crown." The Sheriffs, Jonathan Miles and James Branscombe, were knighted.
Parliament was unexpectedly dissolved (29th). The four former represent-
atives of the City and Alderman Hankey issued addresses to the freemen.
Alderman Hankey died on 6 May. The extreme fatigue arising from his active
canvas brought on fever. He had the greatest show of hands at the nomination
and was third on the poll the day he died. The four former representatives were
returned. — John Opie, R.A., died (20 Ap.), aged forty-five, in Berners Street, and
was buried (29th) in St. Paul's near the grave of Sir Joshua Reynolds. — At
Ramsgate (4 May) died Charles Dilly, the brother and successor of Edward Dilly,
bookseller in the Poultry. At his house, in 1776, Johnson and Wilkes met at
dinner. The brothers were publishers of the old Presbyterian authors, Doddridge
Watts, Lardner, etc. — A country girl had been enticed from Moorfields into a
house in Ropemaker Street from which she escaped with difficulty. A crowd from
the Fields nearly demolished the house, destroyed the furniture, and pulled out the
windows. — The new Parliament met 26 June, and the Royal assent was given to
the London Docks Bill, 25 July. — The Duchess of Brunswick, sister of the King
and mother of the Princess of Wales, whose husband, the Duke of Brunswick had
died of wounds received in defending Prussia against the French, had taken refuge
in England (7 July), and was living with the Princess of Whales at Montagu
House, Blackheath. Thither the Lord Mayor, four Aldermen, and about eighty
Common Councilmen proceeded in state to present the Duchess with an address
congratulating her on her safe arrival "in this Imperial country." — Gas lighting
was first introduced into London streets in August, the new illuminant being used
in Beech and Whitecross Streets, and at the Golden Lane Brewery. — Sir William
Staines, Knight, Alderman of Cripplegate; Common Councilman, 1783; Deputy,
1791 ; Alderman, 1793; Sheriff 1797, and Lord Mayor, 1800, died at Clapham
(i I Sept.). He raised himself by honest industry, from the occupation of a common
bricklayer to a position of wealth and influence. He was buried in his family vault
in Cripplegate Churchyard. — The freedom of the City and swords of honour were
voted (15 Sept.) to Brigadier General Sir Samuel Auchmuty and the Honorable
William Lumley for their attack on and capture of Monte Video ; and the freedom
with a sword of honour to Rear Admiral Stirling for his care in landing the troops
previous to the attack. — Alderman John Ansley was elected (29th) Lord Mayor. —
In place of the usual vote of thanks to the retiring Sheriffs Sir James Branscombe
126 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1807-8
was thanked for his zealous attention to his duties as Sheriff, while his colleague,
Sir Jonathan Miles, was charged with total neglect. — Sir Brooke Watson died at
East Sheen, in Surrey (2 Oct.).
He was bom at Plymouth 1735, left an orphan 1741, deprived of a leg by a shark, at Havannah,
in the naval service, 1749. He acted as Commissary- General under General Wolfe 1758, and settled
in London 1759. He was one of the first Light Horse Volunteers 1779, and served against the
rioters 1780; Member for the City, 1784; Alderman of Cordwainer, and Sheriff 1786; Chairman
of the Committee on the Regency Bill, 1788 ; and Lord Mayor, 1796. He was buried at Mortlake.
The Rev. John Newton, Rector of St. Mary Woolnoth, for 28 years the
friend of William Cowper, the poet, died (21 Dec.) in Coleman Street Buildings,
and was buried in the vaults under his church.
From Phillips' " Picture of London," issued this year, we gather that the London Bridge
Waterworks, by means of four wheels, raised 40,000 to 50,000 hogsheads of water every 24 hours ;
that a gallery of Morland's pictures was on view in Fleet Street ; that the library of the London
Medical Society, in Bolt Court, consisted of 10,000 volumes; and that eight daily morning papers,
and six daily evening papers were published in or near the City. In the " Almanac of Amusements,"
appended to the " Picture of London,'' Easter Monday is marked as the day for " the City Hunt at
Epping Forest, where the equestrian feats of the cockneys will furnish a rich treat to a stranger;"
the Thursday before Whitsunday is the date for the Charity Children's service at St. Paul's, which
forms " the grandest and most interesting sight to be seen in the whole world ; " on or about 2 Aug.
"the State lottery begins drawing at Coopers' Hall, Basinghall Street, instead of Guildhall, as formerly ;"
and on or about 20 Dec. "the Annual Show of Prize Cattle, sheep, &c., in Barbican, with dinners
at the Crown and Anchor."
1808.
jIR JOHN STUART and Sir Home Popham were received at the
Chamberlain's Office and presented with their freedom and their
swords (8 Jan., 1808). — Viscount Trafalgar, nephew of Admiral
Lord Nelson, was buried by his uncle's grave in St. Paul's (25th).
— The Court of Common Council requested (22 Mar.) Mr. William
Rogers, late acting Captain of the " Windsor Castle " packet, to accept the thanks
of the Court, the freedom of the City, and a purse of 50 guineas for the bravery,
personal courage, and great presence of mind displayed by him and his crew, on
I St Oct., 1807, in defending that vessel against a French privateer, and in capturing
the enemy. — The Lord Mayor and Corporation waited on the King (30 Mar.) and
presented an address in which reference was made to the " influence of France,
whereby almost the whole European Continent had been compelled to unite in one
vast confederacy against this country. We view this combination without dread,
firmly relying upon the continuance of the Divine protection, upon union amongst
all ranks of your people, the extinction of party spirit (most essentially necessary at
A.D. 1808 Modern History of the City of London. 127
this very important crisis), upon the goodness of our cause, the valour and skill (A
your fleets and armies, and on the vicrour, firmness and wisdom of Your Majesty's
Councils." — Mr. Sheriff Philips was knighted. — Sir Thomas Hardy was, at the
Chamberlain's Office, presented (31 May) with his freedom and a sword. In
making the presentation the Chamberlain dwelt on the services of Lord Nelson,
of whose flagship, the "Victory," at Trafalgar, Sir Thomas had been captain.
— The King having completed his 70th year, his birthday (4 June) was made
the occasion of illuminations. — The inhabitants of North-West Spain, Gallicia,
Asturias and Leon rose against the French invaders and sent deputies to an
assembly at Oviedo, which elected two deputies to go to England and invoke
assistance.
The deputies arrived in London (9 June), and the Government resolved to assist to their utmost
the insurgent patriots. Subscriptions in aid from England were acknowledged at Oviedo (30th).
Peace with Spain was proclaimed (4 July), all Spanish prisoners were clothed, set free and sent home
(.Sth).
Parliament was prorogued (5 July), and the King said in his speech, that he
would " continue to make every exertion in his power for the support of the
Spanish cause." The Court of Common Council voted (14th) an address
expressive of their approbation of the decided and magnanimous measures
adopted in aid of the patriots of Spain. A dinner was given (4 Aug.) to the
Spanish deputies at the " City of London Tavern " (Sir Francis Baring in the
chair), at which 400 persons were present, Cabinet Ministers, Peers, Bankers,
Aldermen, &c., whose united income was estimated at ^15,000,000. Mean-
while Sir Arthur Wellesley had landed in Portugal with 10,000 British troops.
He was attacked by, and defeated, the main French army, under Junot (21st), at
Vimiera. The French asked an armistice, which was signed (22nd), and ended
in the Convention of Cintra, by which the French agreed to evacuate Portugal,
the British fleet to transport the French occupying army to any French port
between Rochefort and L'Orient, and the Russian fleet, then in the Tagus, to be
surrendered to the British Admiral Cotton, to be kept in England till six months
after peace between Russia and Great Britain.
At this Convention general dissatisfaction was expressed, both in Portugal and Britain. An
address and petition from the Corporation was presented to the King (12 Oct.) expressing grief and
astonishment at the extraordinary and disgraceful convention by which, after a signal victory gained by
the valour of British troops, the laurels so ably acquired were torn from the brows of our brave soldiers,
and terms granted to the enemy disgraceful to the British name, and injurious to the best interests of
the country. "We therefore humbly pray Your Majesty," continued the address, "in justice to the
outraged feelings of a brave, injured and indignant people, whose blood and treasure have been thus
expended, as well as to retrieve the wounded honour of the country, and to remove from its character
12^
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1808
so foul a stain in the eyes of Europe, that Your Majesty will be graciously pleased immediately to
institute such an inquiry into this dishonourable and unprecedented transaction as will lead to the
discovery and punishment of those by whose misconduct and incapacity the cause of the country and
its allies have been so shamefully sacrificed." The King's reply was, in effect, " It is inconsistent with
the principles of British justice to pronounce judgment without previous investigation, and the
interposition of the City of London could not be necessary for inducing me to direct due enquiry to be
made into a transaction which has disappointed the hopes and expectations of the nation." A very
large majority of the Common Council ordered (27th) the King's reply to be entered on the City
journals, and passed a number of resjplutions condemning it in strong terms.
On the formation of
the London Institution, the
famous Richard Person,
Greek professor at Cam-
bridge, had been appointed
principal Librarian. While
in residence at the Institution
he fell down in the Strand in
an epileptic fit and was carried
as "unknown" to St. Martin's
workhouse, where he lay
insensible till six the next
morning. He died on 25
Sept. — John Perring, of
Membland, Co. Devon,
Alderman of London, was
created a Baronet (24 Sept.).
— Alderman Charles Flower
was elected Mayor (29 Sept.),
and at the banquet on Lord
Mayor's day Mr. Canning
and the Spanish deputies
were present. — A meeting
of merchants, bankers, &c.,
under the presidency of the
Lord Mayor, was held (9
Dec.) at the "City of London
Tavern," when a letter from
Mercers' School and Church of St. Michael,
College Hill, 1891.
the Chancellor of the Exchequer was read as to the state of the Spanish patriots,
and the assistance Government proposed to give. ^38,000 were subscribed in
A.D. 1808-9 Modern History of the City of London. 129
aid. — The parishioners of All Hallows, Barking, convened in the parish church,
resumed, without litigation, the rights of an open vestry instead of the select vestry
which had managed the parish business for the past 140 years.
Mercers' School was removed to its new premises in College Hill, Dowgate. — William Hazlitt
married Mary Stoddart, at St. Andrew's, Holborn, Charles Lamb being best man.
1809.
«Hh fiouse of Commons voted (25 Jan., 1809) a monument in
St. Paul's to Sir John Moore, who had fallen at Corunna. — The
Duke of York, Commander-in-Chief of the army placed his
resignation in His Majesty's hands (18 Mar.). Charges had been
brought forward in the House of Commons by Colonel Wardle
that promotions in the army had been corruptly bestowed by the Duke, but
the House declared its opinion that the charges were wholly without foundation.
The Court of Common Council unanimously resolved (6 Ap.) to thank Col. Wardle
for the firmness, patriotic spirit and perseverance with which he instituted the
late enquiry, and to present him with the freedom of the City. Thanks were voted
to the minority in the House of Commons, and a resolution passed that the reform
of all abuses was necessary and essential to the safety of the country. — The City of
London claimed the exclusive right of gauging in the river under its Charter of 10
Ed. IV. The London Docks being outside the City and liberties, the Company
disputed this right.
The emoluments had risen from ^7,000 to ;i^7o,ooo. The City pleaded a right exercised for
300 years from Blackwall upwards, and concluded that law and practice were in its favour. The
Company asserted that the City gauger was employed only for convenience by the merchants, and
hence this claim to such extensive jurisdiction. The City was non-suited (17 Ap.).
Sir Charles Price brought forward the second reading of the Smithfield Cattle
Market Removal Bill (18 Ap.).
Alderman Combe objected that it would be detrimental to the interests of the neighbouring
residents in Smithfield, and depreciate property by the Foundling Hospital, near to which it was
proposed to remove it. A member stated that the number of cattle had risen from 100,000 to
150,000, and the cattle were so crowded as to injure themselves as well as the buyers and sellers.
The Bill was rejected.
The Common Council (i Aug.) after referring to their votes of thanks and
gratitude to Col. G. Lloyd Wardle (6 Ap.), added the following expression of
opinion : —
" His conduct seems to have drawn upon him in a high degree the malice and rancour of
those who are interested in the continuance of these abuses — that individuals who devote their
A.D. 1809 Modern History of the City of London. 131
exertions to exposing and correcting public abuses are at all times entitled to the support and
protection of the country, particularly at the present moment, when there appears an unabating
effort on the part of those not under the influence of government or partakers in the existing
frauds, peculations and corruption, to cry down, vilify and traduce every man who has the courage
and integrity to denounce such practices, in order to mislead the public, and divert their attention
from these great evils."
James Shaw, of the City of London (Lord Mayor 1805) and of Kilmarnock,
Co. Ayr, was created a baronet (2 Sept.). — On the motion of Sir WilHam Curtis,
the Common Council resolved (15th) to celebrate the 50th anniversary of His
Majesty's accession to the throne on 25 Oct.
An attempt made by Mr. Waithman to introduce politics failed. The Corporation went in pro-
cession to St. Paul's in the afternoon, the streets being crowded. A dinner was given by the Lord Ma}'or
to the Corporation at the Mansion House, which was decorated with the oak, thistle and shamrock,
and a crown in the centre surmounted with G.R. Merchants and bankers met at Merchant Taylors'
Hall, where they were joined by several of the nobility. Many of the chief companies met in
their respective halls. The Bank, Mansion House, East India House, Lloyds' Coffee House,
the Royal Exchange and the Post Office were illuminated. — His Majesty gave ^^2,000, the London
Merchants ^^2,000, and the City of London ;i^i,ooo, to the Society for the relief of persons
imprisoned for small debts, to be applied for the purposes of the Society. Sheriff Wood proposed
instead to build fifty almshouses with the City donation, but was outvoted.
An address was presented (i Nov.) on behalf of the Corporation, to which the Earl of Liverpool
read the King's reply : " In the midst of all our unexampled struggles, and, notwithstanding the
duration of wars in which for the safety of my people I have been engaged, the commerce and ,
manufactures of my City of London have been carried to an extent unknown at any former period."
Lord Mayor Charles Flower, of Lobb, Co. Oxford and of Woodford, Co. Essex, was created a
baronet, and Alderman Plomer was knighted.
Alderman Thomas Smith was elected Lord Mayor (29 Sept.). — At a Common
Council (5 Dec), Mr Waithman, supported by Aldermen Combe and Wood, moved
resolutions characterising the Walcheren expedition as ill-digested, ill-conducted,
calamitous and injurious to our army more by privation and disease than by the
sword, and urging the necessity of an address to the King praying for enquiry, and
for a meeting of Parliament without delay.
Sir William Curtis and others agreed in the propriety of enquiry, and pledged themselves, if
Parliament did not on its assembly immediately order one, to support the proposal at a subsequent
meeting; Sir William moved the previous question, but the original proposal was carried. Sheriff Atkins,
at a meeting (13th) called the attention of the Court to the address, and moved that it be read
again so that its merits and defects might be fully discussed. An amended address was
carried by 114 to loi. Next day (14th) the Livery met in Common Hall and adopted an address,
representing that those who complain of abuses in the State were branded as disaffected to His
Majesty, that the result of these abuses was seen in the Cintra convention, the retreat to Corunna,
in the death of Sir John Moore, in the results attained at Talavera, and last and worst of all in
the disastrous expedition to Walcheren. — The Lord Mayor, with the Sheriffs and other officers,
presented the Corporation address on 20 Dec. At the levee on the same day the Lord Mayor
intimated to the Secretary of State that he had the Livery address with him, and wished then to
present it to His Majesty. The Secretary intimated that the King had for the past four years, on
s 2
132 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1809-10
account of his failing eyesight, discontinued the receiving of addresses at any levee, but that he would
accept the address and present it to the King in the usual way. To this the Lord Mayor
demurred, as the address was for the King and not for the Secretary of State. The Sheriffs
waited on the Secretary (28th), and represented that their order was to present the address to His
Majesty, in person. Would he not endeavour to prevail with the King to receive it ? His Majesty's
decision was not to receive in person addresses from any except the Corporation of London and
the two Universities ; all other addresses were to be presented through the Secretary of State.
On the 26 Dec, died Nathaniel Newnham, banker in Mansion House Street,
Colonel of the West London Militia; Alderman of Vintry, 1774; Sheriff, 1776;
M.P. for London, 1780-90 ; and Lord Mayor, 1782.
A Livery was granted to the Spectacle-Makers' Company. — The site of Surgeons' Hall was
thrown into that of the old Justice Hall, and the Sessions House and Court House constructed on it.
— The papers were now beginning to publish regularly the price of Consols and other securities, but
the lists were signed by stockbrokers, who used the paragraphs as advertisements.
181O.
,FTER the Lord Mayor had reported to a meeting of Common
Hall (9 Jan., 18 10) the obstacles which had been interposed to his
presentation of the address (14 Dec.) to the King, strong
resolutions were passed affirming the undoubted right of the
Livery to personal audience of the sovereign, and openly
suggesting that " interested and corrupt hirelings " had raised a barrier
between king and people ; and the Sheriffs were directed to deliver a copy
of the resolutions into His Majesty's hand. At a subsequent meeting,
however (24 Jan.), the Sheriffs stated that the Home Secretary had refused
both in interview and by letter their request for an opportunity of personal
audience, and the Common Hall recorded their solemn protest against " this new
and alarming innovation." — The Persian Ambassador was entertained by the East
India Company at a banquet at the City of London Tavern (iith). — Lyon Leir,
a diamond merchant, whose business affairs had been much embarrassed, flung
himself from the top of the Monument and was dashed to pieces {12 Jan.) —
Colonel G. L. Wardle took up (31 Jan.) the honorary freedom voted to him
by the Common Council on 6 Ap., 1809, for his bold criticism of the late
Commander-in-Chief — Against a measure, now before the House of Commons, for
granting Lord Wellington a pension of ^2,000 per annum for a term of three lives,
the Court of Common Council protested "with grief and concern" (23 Feb.). —
Sir Francis Burdett, M.P., lately ordered by the House of Commons to be com-
mitted to the Tower on account of an article contributed to Cobbett's Weekly
Register, was conducted thither on 9 Ap. by a strong civil and military escort.
A.D. 181O
Modern History of the City of London.
133
The soldiers, on their return, were stoned by the mob, and they pursued the rioters up
Fenchurch Street, where a stray shot caused the death of a corn-meter. Two days later a builder
near Tower Hill applied to the City Finance Committee for jC^io compensation for the loss of bricks
taken by the mob. — On 4 May the Common Hall resolved upon a remonstrance against the
arrest and imprisonment of Sir Francis Burdett and Gale Jones without trial or hearing, reproaching
the House with being largely composed of the nominees of peers, and with responsibility for
the disastrous Walcheren expedition. A few days afterwards the Sheriffs, followed by a great concourse,
proceeded to the Tower and, at the wicket-door, presented to Sir Francis a copy of the Common
Hall proceedings. When Parliament was prorogued (21 June), Burdett and Gale Jones were
liberated. An immense crowd awaited Burdett's release, but, in order to avoid being the occasion of
any regrettable accidents during the public excitement, he had left the Tower by water. The
disappointed people, headed by the Sheriffs, formed a procession to Burdett's house in Piccadilly.
The four hun-
dredth anniversary of
the foundation of St.
Paul's School was cele-
brated on I May. —
On 23 July the Earl
of Northesk and Sir
Richard Strachan at-
tended at the Mansion
House to receiveswords
voted to them by the
City in recognition of
their naval services. —
The governors of Beth-
lem Hospitril obtained
from the City the lease
of eleven acres of land
in Southwark for the
site of a lunatic asylum,
in lieu of that at Moor-
fields. — Six prisoners
were led from Newgate,
in the custody of the
Sheriffs, to a pillory in
the Haymarket, and
Houses, Little Moor-Fields, 1810. there exposed to a hail
of missiles and the execration of the public. — It was decided to increase the
financial qualification of Aldermen from ^10,000 to ^30,000, and to extend
134 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1810-11
the time for election to eight days. — A fire, which threatened St. Bartholomew's
Hospital, was extinguished by the aid of the Blue-coat boys (30 Oct.). — A leaden
coffin, containing the remains of the notorious Judge Jeffries, was discovered in a
vault under the communion-table of St. Mary, Aldermanbury (3 Nov.). — Owing to
the indisposition of the King, Lord Mayor's day was not celebrated with the usual
state ; Alderman Joshua J. Smith had been elected. — The whole of the silver-gilt
communion plate was stolen from St. Paul's on the night of Christmas Eve.
Sir John CoUingwood, who commanded a division at Trafalgar, was buried in the crypt of
St. Paul's. — The coinage, which had been carried on for hundreds of years in the Tower, was now
removed to the Mint on Tower Hill. — Abraham Goldsmid, the eminent financier, and contractor this
year for the Ministerial loan of ;^ 14, 000,000, committed suicide in consequence of embarrassed
affairs. His death caused immense excitement in the City, the funds falling three per cent.
181I.
.HE Thames was nearly frozen over, only a narrow channel in the
centre being clear of ice. Two men walked on the ice from
Battersea Bridge to Hungerford Stairs (7 Jan., 181 1). — The Com-
mon Council voted an address to the Prince Regent, deploring the
King's affliction, and taking occasion to allude to the excessive
taxation and to the need of reform of the House of Commons (7 Feb.). — The
freedom of the City was voted to Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thomas Graham and Brigadier
W. T. Dilkes for the skill and valour they displayed in the action on the heights of
Barrosa ; with the freedom was coupled the gift of swords (4 Ap.). — The Lord
Mayor's allowance was increased by .1^1,500, it having been ascertained that the
annual expenses of the Chief Magistrates were /i 2,000, and their receipts about
^6,500. — The Nelson statue was unveiled in Guildhall (27 Ap.). The inscription
was written by Sheridan. — The Court of Common Council having resolved (2 May)
to present the freedom of the City to the Prince Regent in recognition of "the
purity of his constitutional principles," and of his "rare self-denial in refusing to
increase the national expenditure by any temporary addition to his state and dignity
as Prince Regent," the Lord Mayor waited on His Royal Highness on the 22nd,
but was informed, after an expression of the Prince's thanks, that his position
debarred him from accepting the proposed honour. — The Court also decided (9 May)
to present the freedom, accompanied with a sword, to Viscount Wellington for his
late brilliant services in Portugal.— The Census returns published in Sept. showed
a population for the City of 57,062 males, and 59,693 females; total, 116,755.— The
new street leading northwards from Picket Street was entitled Picket Place (Oct.).
A.D. 1811-12 Modern History of the City of London.
135
It was now in contemplation to continue this thoroughfare across Holborn to the Foundling
Hospital, in order to open up traffic towards Highgate and Hampstead.
The new Lord Mayor was Claudius Stephen Hunter. — Much curiosity was
excited by the appearance at Blackfriars of a newly-invented vessel, the
"Constellation," from Bristol (22 Nov.).
It was intended to sail against wind and tide, was fifty feet long, had one iron mast, and twelve
horizontal sails which could be extended or shortened in an instant.
A sight-seer's arm was dreadfully injured by one of the tigers in the Tower
menagerie (23 Nov.). — The Common Council resolved to address the Prince
Regent in favour of a restriction of the further distillation of grain, lest corn
should rise to famine prices (4 Dec).
Rogers's Bank was transferred from Freeman's Court, Cornhill, to Clement's Lane, Lombard
Street. — The association of underwriters and merchants, known as Lloyd's, had been formally
estabhshed in 1770. Its organisation was now (181 1) thoroughly revised, and the regulations
embodied in a Deed of Association. — Robert Mylne, builder of Blackfriars Bridge, was buried in the
crypt of St. Paul's. — The nominal value of the forged Bank of England notes for the eleven years,
ending 31 Dec, 181 1, amounted to ;^ioi,66i. — An enumeration made in July showed that in one day
there passed over Blackfriars Bridge, 61,069 foot passengers, and 2,525 vehicles ; over London Bridge,
89,640 foot passengers, and 5,418 vehicles. — Sir C. S. Hunter, the Lord Mayor, was frequently seen in
the streets riding on a white horse. This may have suggested the following epigram : —
An Emperor of Rome, who was famous for whim,
A consul his horse did declare ;
The City of London, to imitate him.
Of a Hunter have made a Lord Mayor.
1812.
AYMENT was stopped by the banking-house of Lushington,
Boldero and Co. ; the effect was felt by many provincial banks
(2 Jan., 1812). — Much pubHc sympathy was aroused by the
disappearance of the three-year-old son of a Mr. Dellow, of
St. Martin's Lane, Cannon Street.
A reward of 100 guineas was offered for recovery of the stolen child, and descriptive bills were
circulated. The little boy was at length discovered at Gosport, whither he had been taken by a sailor's
wife, who wished to satisfy the often-expressed desire of her husband for a child.
One of the darkest days remembered in the metropolis for many years
occurred on 10 Jan. — Frequent recent murders and robberies had created a feeling
of uneasiness in London, and a discussion on the subject took place in the House
of Commons (18 Jan.).
136
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1812
A Committee was appointed to examine into the state of the nightly watch in the Metropohs and
the parishes adjacent. They reported that the poHce arrangements of London differed in its various
quarters, some parishes being largely policed by voluntary zeal. Of the City the Committee spoke in
terms of praise, observing that " the system of watch and ward is not a dead letter, but is kept alive
and in action by the constant superintendence of the Marshals of the City, with their assistants, who
every night visit the different wards and precincts, and take care that the constables, beadles
and watchmen, of all descriptions, are alert and do their duty. Morning reports are made to the Lord
Mayor ; deficiencies are noticed, as well as any disorders or irregularities.'' The Committee
recommended that, when goods had been stolen from the City and removed beyond its boundaries, the
warrants of the civic magistrates should operate within a circle of five miles from the Royal Exchange.
The eccentric " Baron Geramb " was ordered to quit the country (April).
He had offered to raise a body of Croat troops for the Government. By dressing in a singular
manner, attending public assemblies, and filling the print-sellers' windows with his portraits, he had
become the laughing-stock of the Metropolis.
The Court of Com-
mon Council voted an
address to the Prince
Regent (17 Ap.), draw-
ing his attention to the
corruption of the public
administration, the vio-
lation of the freedom of
the press, and the unjust
restrictions placed on
commerce. — On Mon-
day, 1 1 May, the Right
Hon. Spencer Perceval,
prime minister, was shot
by Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons. Addresses were resolved
upon to the Prince Regent by the Court of Aldermen (12th) and the Common
Council (i6th), declaring their horror and detestation of the deed. Bellingham
was executed before Newgate on the i8th, persisting to the last in refusing to
express contrition.^Daniel Eaton, a bookseller, stood in the pillory at the Old Bailey
for publishing the third part of Paine's "Age of Reason " (25th). — The old chapel
attached to the east side of Leadenhall, founded by Sir Simon Eyre, and
dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was removed in June. — The old-established banking-
house of Kensington and Co., Lombard Street, stopped payment on 22 July. — At an
influential meeting held at the Mansion House, and addressed by the Chancellor of
the Exchequer,an Auxiliary Bible Society was formed for the City (6Aug.). — London
The old " Charlies," from " Life in London," by Pierce Egan, 1821.
A.D. l8l2
Modern History of the City of London.
137
was illuminated for several clays (17 Aug., etc.) in celebration of W^ellin^ton's
victory at Salamanca. Much disorder occurred in the City. An address from
the Common Council (passed 3 Sept.) congratulated the Regent on the success of
the British arms. — Disgraceful rioting occurred at Bartholomew Fair (5 Sept.).
Women were grossly insulted ; an infant was suffocated in its mother's arms by
the pressure of the crowd, and many persons had their legs or arms broken.
The disturbance originated in rough horse-play. — Great activity was displayed
at the Tower in preparing arms for foreign service. Ten thousand stand were
sent to Port Mahon, 10,000 to Corunna, and 50,000 to the Baltic in Sept. — At the
General Election, the
City returned Alderman
Combe, Sir William
Curtis, Sir James
Shaw, and Alderman
John Atkins (5 Oct.).
— Alderman George
Scholey was elected
Lord Mayor. — The
Bank issued new 3^-. and
15'. 6d. pieces (Nov.). —
A Russian lad, ten
years of age, created
much astonishment
among the members
of the Stock Exchange
by his facility in calcu-
lation (Dec).
A question which had
taken an hour to prepare
was answered by the lad in
one minute. He was given
a guinea of the reign of
William III. and asked the
Chapel of Leadenhall. number of years, months,
and days since its coinage, and replied correctly and promptly; ^50 were collected for him.
Mr. Walter, the founder of the Times, died this year. — The number of newspapers printed in
London was stated in a Parliamentary return at fifty-four. — The Smithfield Club Cattle Show was
held at Sadler's Yard in Goswell Street, the value of the prizes being 210 guineas.
138 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1813
1813.
JLLIAM PITT'S monument in the Guildhall was unveiled in the
presence of Mr. Canning and Lord G. L. Gower (27 Mar., 1813).
J. C. Bubb, who executed the sculptures on the front of the
Custom House, was the artist. The inscription was composed
by Canning. — A large building in Skinner Street was gutted
by fire (4 Ap.). It formed the capital prize in the City lottery, and was valued at
^25,000. The firemen fortunately succeeded in staying the progress of the fire. —
On Wednesday, 7 Ap., the funding of /i 2,000,000 of Exchequer Bills occasioned
an exciting scene at the office for subscription, a crowd of merchants and
others struggling for admission. The amount was subscribed by the first 184
entries. Some of the applicants sustained fractured limbs in the struggle. — Nine
waggons, laden with gold dust, bars and silver bullion, arrived at the Bank from
the East India Company's possessions in India (21 Ap.). — The wrongs of the
Princess Caroline of Wales roused warm sympathy in the City. On 2 Ap.,
the Common Hall enthusiastically voted an address to Her Royal Highness,
expressing indignation at the "foul and detestable conspiracy, which, by perjured
and suborned traducers, had been carried on against your Royal Highness's
honour and life."
The address was taken by Lord Mayor Scholey, in public procession, to the Princess, on 12 Ap.,
at Kensington Palace. Immense multitudes lined the streets, and thronged Hyde Park and Kensington
Gardens. " I shall not," said the Princess in her reply to the Livery's address, " lose any opportunity
I may be permitted to enjoy of encouraging the talents and virtues of my dear daughter, the Princess
Charlotte, and I shall impress upon her mind my full sense of the obligation conferred upon me by this
spontaneous act of your justice and generosity." The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs kissed hands, after which
Her Royal Highness curtsied from the balcony to the crowds outside. A further address of sympathy
was passed by the Common Council on 22 May.
Alderman Wood, in the presence of the Dukes of Kent and Sussex, laid the
first stone of the Debtors' Prison, in Whitecross Street, opposite Cripplegate Church.
— Field Marshal Wellington's great victory at Vittoria formed the subject of an
address from the Common Council to the Prince Regent (9 July). — Meetings were
held by the Court of Proprietors at the India House, and satisfaction expressed
with the provisions of the Bill affecting the East India Company, then pending
in Parliament (July). — Several hundred summonses were issued against bakers
for pricing flour in official returns as high as gos. per sack, whereas the average
value of wheat was 89^-., and City bakers were accustomed to return flour at 15^-. less
than the average price of wheat. The Lord Mayor intimated his resolve to keep
watch upon the matter until the price of flour was reduced to its equitable level.
A.D. 1813-14 Modern History of the City of London. 139
Several fines were imposed (Sept.). — On St. Matthew's-day (21 Sept.) the Lord
Mayor and Sheriffs attended Christ Church, Newgate Street, to hear a sermon
preached by Rev. Christopher Wilson, a late scholar of Christ's Hospital. —
Dr. Howley's election to the bishopric of London was confirmed, with the
accustomed ceremonies, in Bow Church, Cheapside, a very ancient church in the
diocese (Oct.). — Alderman William Domville was chosen Lord Mayor. — An address
of the Common Council (18 Nov.) to the Prince Regent, declared the exultation of
the citizens at the success of the Allies in planting their standard "within the
boundaries of ancient France." — Another address (7 Dec.) expressed satisfaction at
the recent revolution in Holland, that country having thrown off the rule of the
Bonapartes. A distinguished company, presided over by the Duke of Clarence,
dined at the City of London Tavern on 14 Dec, to celebrate this event, the chief
toast being " The emancipation of Holland."
It was directed by Act of Parliament that all London-made gun-barrels should be marked by
the Gunmakers' Company after being tested at their Proof House in the Commercial Road, E. —
London "within the walls" contained, in 1813, ninety-seven parishes, sixty-seven parish churches,
and a population of 55,484.
1814.
,ENSE fog over-hung London for several days at the opening of
the year. Such darkness had not been experienced since the
year of the earthquake of Lisbon, 1755. A remarkable period of
frost began on 27 Dec, 1813, and lasted into Feb., 18 14.
Floes of ice blocked the river, and were finally united into a solid sheet, across
which people walked, on 30 Jan. The unemployed watermen exacted an ice toll of passengers over
the Thames, some receiving ^6 a day. A Frost Fair was celebrated. A street of tents, named the
City Road, was erected, and adorned with shop-signs and flags. Music and dancing entertained the
crowds of visitors. A sheep was roasted whole, and the " Lapland mutton " sold at a shilling a slice.
Among other recreations and attractions were swings, book-stalls, suttling booths, games at skittles,
frying sausages, &c. Printing presses were set up on the ice, and appropriate broad sheets issued, on
one of which appeared the following verse addressed to the frost : —
Amidst the arts which on the Thames appear.
To tell the wonders of this icy year.
Printing claims prior place, which at one view,
Erects a monument of that and you.
On 5 Feb. the ice cracked, and the last piece printed was jestingly dedicated to " Madame
Tabitha Thaw."
The Custom House, with adjacent buildings, was destroyed by fire on the
early morning of Saturday, 1 2 Feb.
T 2
I40 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1814
Several persons were severely burned ; two lost their lives. An explosion of gunpowder accelerated
the progress of the flames, the concussion being heard as far as Dalston. Many valuable papers,
bonds, debentures, &c., were destroyed. The approaches were guarded during the fire by the East
India and Custom House corps of volunteers.
A rumour of the death of Bonaparte was set afloat on the Stock Exchange
in order to force up the price of certain stoct;. One broker disposed of ^650,000
of sliares. After some hours the news was found to lack confirmation.
On the morning of 21 Feb., a person wearing a white cockade rode past the Royal Exchange in
a four-horse chaise, the vehicle being decorated with sprigs of laurel. A similar chaise was seen in the
AVest End. These demonstrations were believed to confirm flying rumours of Bonaparte's defeat and
death, and crowds collected near Hyde Park and the Tower awaiting the discharge of the guns. The
affair was a hoax arranged to force up the price of certain stock. Lord Cochrane and others were
accused of being involved in the con.spiracy and condemned to fines and exposure in the pillory.
The abdication of Napoleon shortly afterwards was the occasion for much
rejoicing.
The City was illuminated for three evenings (11 to 13 Ap.). The Duke of Sussex spoke on the
recent events in France at a Mansion House banquet (nth), which was attended by a very
distinguished company. The Common Council voted an address to the Prince Regent (19 Ap.)
upon the brilliant success of the allies, and " the downfall of an individual who had concentrated in
his own person power hitherto unparalleled in the annals of history." The Lord Mayor waited on
the restored French King (Louis XVUI) at Grillon's Hotel, Albemarle Street, with an address of
congratulation (22nd).
Captain P. B. V. Broke, commander of the " Shannon " in the memorable
duel with the American frigate "Chesapeake," attended at the Guildhall on 19
May, to receive the freedom and a sword (voted 12 July, 1813). — The
termination of the war was in various ways celebrated by the City.
The Common Council resolved (7 June) on an address to the Regent, declaring their gratification
at the success of the British arms under the "immortal ^Vellington." The Emperor of Russia and the
King of Prussia arrived in London. Illuminations took place three nights running (8th to loth).
The Czar and the Prussian King were entertained on the 17th by the merchants and bankers
of London, at Merchant Taylors' Hall, and, on the i8th, at the Guildhafl. At the latter festivity
were present the Prince Regent, Marquis Wellesley, Lord Liverpool, Marshal Blucher, Prince
Metternich, the Grand Duchess of Oldenburg, &c. Guildhall was decorated on a scale of unsurpassed
splendour. The Lord Mayor received the honour of a baronetcy, — On 8 June the Court of
Common Council approved of an address of congratulation to the Emperor and the King of Prussia,
and further resolved to present swords of honour to Prince Schwartzenberg, Commander-in-chief
of the allied armies, Field-Marshal Blucher, Count Barclay de Tolly (of the Russian army), and to the
Hetman Count Platoff. — On 11 June the freedom and a sword were presented to Lieut-General
Sir Rowland Hill for his gallantry at the battle of Vittoria. — Peace was proclaimed on 20 June,
according to the traditional manner, at the corner of Chancery Lane, Wood Street, and at the Royal
Exchange. — On 4- July the Court of Common Council protested against the clause in the treaty of
peace, which permitted France to continue the slave trade. — A thanksgiving service was held in
St Paul's on 7 July. Infantry lined the streets along the Prince Regent's route, from St. James's
to Temple Bar ; thence to St. Paul's the way was kept by the East India Volunteers and the
A.D. 1814-15 Modern History of the City of London. 141
Honourable Artillery Company. Bliicher was loudly cheered on his way to the Cathedral. The
Duke of Wellington accompanied the Prince Regent. Dr. Law, Bishop of Chester, preached the
sermon. — On 9 July the Duke of \\'ellington was entertained at the CSuildhall and received the
freedom and the gift of a sword. Towards the close of the proceedings all the ladies descended from
the galleries and shook hands with the Duke.
The choristers of St. Paul's petitioned the Master of the Rolls with respect to
the administration of certain charitable trusts. Judgment was given (5 Aug.)
for the Dean and Chapter, coupled with an order for inquiry into the nature and
application of the trusts. — Alderman Samuel Birch was elected Mayor. — The
Times was first printed by steam on 29 Nov., being the first newspaper so
produced. — The Navigation Committee of the Court of Common Council reported
on the projected improvements of London Bridge.
The first steamboat was seen on the Thames this year. — A sceptre was found behind the wainscoting
of the old Jewel Office in the Tower. — At London House, in Aldersgate Street, a cradle was made,
costing ;^5oo, for Joanna Southcott's expected "Prince of Peace;" an inscription on it intimated that
it was "the free-offering of faith to the promised seed." The baby-linen, &c., cost £,SS° more.
Great crowds flocked to see the cradle. — An official return showed that, in 1814, 129,500 London
papers were sent to the colonies, and 215,762 to the Continent. — Old Bethlehem Hospital in Moorfields
was demolished, the new buildings in Southwark being completed.
1815.
jEACE having been concluded with the United States, the Common
Council expressed their gratification in an address to the Regent
(12 Jan., 181 5). — The Corporation strongly opposed the Bill
before Parliament, laying restrictions on the importation of corn
(12 Mar.).
They pointed out that the late war had produced a rise in the price of land, that the people
had expected a diminution of their burdens on the conclusion of peace, and that the proposed
measure would benefit landowners at the expense of the labouring and manufacturing classes. — Rioting
took place in the West End (7-9 Mar.), the houses of supporters of the Bill being attacked.
A silver vase was presented by the scholars of St. Paul's School to the Rev.
Dr. Roberts, for forty-five years heaci-master (30 Mar.). — A woman visited the
Jewel Room at the Tower, and while being shown the Crown by an attendant,
attempted to take it by force. After a struggle she was secured. h was
ascertained that she was mentally deranged (31 Mar.). — The first stone of
Southwark Bridge was laid by Admiral Keith, attended by Sir John Jackson,
chairman of the Committee of Management. An inscription was affixed to the
stone, and various coins deposited beneath it. — A statue of King George III,
voted 31 Oct., 1810, was placed in the Guildhall (3 June); Chantrey was the
sculptor. — An expensive litigation between the City authorities and the parish of
142 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1815-16
St. Mary Woolchurch, resulted in the decision that the Mansion House should be
assessed at ^1,500 for the poor-rate (lo June). — An address to the Regent on "the
recent brilliant victory obtained by the Allied Forces, on the i8th of June instant,
over the French army, commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte," was resolved on by the
Common Council (27 June), and, at a later meeting, ^2,000 was subscribed for the
relief of the families of the soldiers killed at Waterloo. — An Act was passed (5 July),
abolishing the ancient practice known as the Assize of Bread, and leaving the price
of the loaf to be regulated by free competition. The repeal had been opposed
by the Bakers' Company. — Acts of Parliament, for enlarging the west end of
Cheapside, for providing convenient Courts of Justice for the City, and for building
a new prison in the City, were ordered by the Common Council to be carried into
effect. — Charles Rossi's monument to Lord Rodney was unveiled in St. Paul's
Cathedral (14 Aug.), — Subscriptions were raised by London merchants in aid of
the sufferers by the fire at Port Royal. — Alderman Matthew Wood was chosen
Lord Mayor. — A fire at the Mint destroyed nearly all the machinery (31 Oct.). —
The first stone of the London Institution was laid by Lord Mayor Birch on 4 Nov.
— An address from the Common Council to the Prince Regent (14 Dec.) deplored
the persecution of Protestants in the south of France, the pillage and destruction of
their places of worship, and the sacrifice of innocent lives to the rage of
"infuriated bigotry and superstition."
Cloth Fair, West Smithfield, was at this date still occupied chiefly by tailors, clothiers, and
piece-brokers, i.e., dealers in materials for the use of tailors and remnants for repairs. — William
Vincent, the famous master of Westminster School, and rector of Allhallows the Great, died in
181 5. — An Act was passed, providing that all apothecaries and their assistants should be examined and
certified by the Court of Assistants of the Apothecaries' Company before acting as apothecaries or
dispensing medicines. — Newgate Prison was now used for felons only, the debtors having been trans-
ferred to the new prison in Whitecross Street. The latter building stood on the west side of the street
from which it took its name. It was built from the designs of William Montague, Clerk of the City
Works, and accommodated 365 prisoners. These were classified as Sheriffs' prisoners, Queen's Bench
prisoners, and prisoners committed from the Bankruptcy Courts and County Courts. Such as could
maintain themselves were allowed to do so. This prison was closed in 1870.
1816.
5EACE with France and the prospect of "a speedy and entire
abolition of the African slave trade," inspired the address which
the Common Council voted to the Prince Regent on 18 Jan., 18 16.
— Various poulterers in the City were now selling birds brought in
a frozen condition from Sweden by a party of Laplanders. The
Laplanders, with their curious reindeer-skin coats, caps and gloves, attracted great
A.D. 1816
Modern Histoiy of the City of London.
143
crowds whenever they appeared in the streets (Feb.). — Two strongly- worded
petitions were presented to the House of Commons from the City, the resolution
of the Government to continue the Income-tax having created great discontent
(13 Feb.). — A fire took place at the coffee house over the old Stock Exchange, at
the corner of St. Swithin's Alley (23 Ap.). — Much satisfaction was expressed in an
address to the Regent from the Common Council (3 May) at the recent marriage
of the Princess Charlotte with Duke Leopold of Coburg. — The freedom of the
City was presented (i i
July) to the Dukes
of Kent, Sussex, and
Gloucester, and the
Duke of Saxe Coburg.
— At a meeting held
at the City of London
Tavern (29 July) and
presided over by the
Duke of York, a reso-
lution was proposed by
the Duke of York to
the effect that the sud-
den transition from war
to peace had resulted in
a stagnation of employ-
ment and a deplorable
amount of distress among many classes of the community. A dissentient speech
by Lord Cochrane was followed by remonstrance from Mr. Wilberforce ; and,
though the resolution was carried, the meeting was much disturbed. — On the
marriage of the Princess Mary, sister of the Prince of Wales, with William,
Duke of Gloucester, the Common Council congratulated the Regent and
the Queen (30 July). — A meeting of Common Hall passed resolutions of
protest at the " unsupportable and frightful" burden of taxes and poor rates,
and the excessive size of the standing army ; and agreed to an address to
the Prince Regent, calling attention to the general depression of trade, and
demanding reform of the House of Commons. — A serious riot occurred in
Newgate (25, 26 Aug.).
A watch had been stolen from a visitor to the gaol, and the keeper, Mr. Newman, ordered the
prisoners to be searched. This they resisted, and, taking possession of the exercise yard, expelled
Court of Pie-Powder, Bartholomew Fair.
144
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i8i6
the officers and turnkeys from the four wards. Shots were fired over their heads, and every possible
place of escape guarded by constables. The state of siege continued through the night. Next
morning the Lord Mayor arrived, and the convicts, to the number of 140, surrendered.
By dint of great exertions the Lord Mayor and City officers succeeded in
reducing the customary disorders at Bartholomew Fair (5 Sept.), all the shows
and the public houses in the vicinity being closed by midnight. — A singular
commotion was caused throughout the City and Westminster, on 21 Sept., by the
refusal of tradesmen to accept worn silver.
The proportion of worn to
clearly marked coins was said to
be thirty to one. Tradesmen had
formed an unfounded impression
that plain coins would not be
received at the Bank. Riots among
the common people were feared.
The magistrates were beset with
excited applications for advice.
The Lord Mayor issued notices
that the Bank would not refuse
worn silver of English minting,
and the Bank was thronged with
crowds eager to exchange old silver
for notes and tokens. Two other
notices were published by the
Mayor on the same day, and the
consternation was at length allayed.
Lord Exmouth's naval
success at Algiers, and the
blow thus dealt at "the horrid
system of Christian slavery,"
occasioned an address from
the Common Council to the
Regent (26 Sept.). — The
"Maria Wood" barge was
completed for the Corporation
at a cost of ^5,000 (Sept.).
— Alderman Wood was re-
elected Lord Mayor, in re-
cognition of his able conduct
during a critical period.— The Surrey side of Blackfriars Bridge was paved with cast-
iron blocks overlaidwithgravel(Nov.).—Great inconvenience was caused by the influx
of destitute foreign and native seamen, who thronged the bridges and streets in a
Portrait of Alderman Wood.
A.D. 1816-17 Modern History of the City of London. 145
starving condition, many lingering about the Mansion House all night. The Lord
Mayor on one occasion had 200 of these poor seamen brought before him in one
day. — Complaints as to wide-spread distress among the masses, and corruption
in the Parliamentary system were repeated in an address from the Common Hall
(28 Nov.). — Alarming riots occurred in December.
The disturbances originated at an assemblage in Spa Fields, which was addressed by " Orator ''
Hunt (2 Dec). A procession marched to Snow Hill, where Mr. Piatt, a gunsmith, was shot, and his
shop looted. The rioters proceeded to the Royal Exchange, discharging firearms on the way.
Many entered the Exchange, where the Lord Mayor awaited the mob. The gates were closed, and
several rioters arrested. Shots were fired from without. Presently, however, the crowd passed on to
the Minories, and at nightfall had all dispersed. The Bank was guarded by 200 soldiers.
1817.
,N the return of the Prince Regent from the opening of Parliament
(28 Jan., 1817) the Life Guards were insulted and gravel was flung
at the Royal carriage. The outrage was condemned in addresses
from the Court of Aldermen (30 Jan.) and the Common Council"
(5 Feb.). — Lord Exmouth and Rear-Admiral Sir David Milne
were presented with the freedom and with swords on 31 Jan., in accordance with
a resolution of the previous 26 Sept. — The new silver coinage was put into
circulation on 19 Feb. — A number of incidents testified to a feeling of unrest and
political disaffection.
■ Cashman, a sailor, was hanged opposite No. 58, Skinner Street, for being concerned in the plunder
of a gunsmith's shop there situated. A huge concourse assembled to witness the execution. The
Sheriifs were hooted, and Cashman, who displayed great levity in his remarks to the mob, was
loudly cheered at his last moments (12 Mar.). — On 14 Feb. Watson senior, Preston, Hooper and
Keen, all concerned in the recent disturbances, were committed to the Tower. Warrants were issued
for the arrest of Arthur Thistlewood, and Watson the younger, the suspected assailant of Piatt, the
gunsmith. On 9 June, Watson the elder, Thistlewood, Preston and Hooper were brought up for
State trial, but acquitted.
In the Court of Chancery an injunction to restrain the publication of Robert
Southey's-"Wat Tyler," on the ground of seditious teaching, was refused. — Two
gentlemen applied before the magistrates at the Old Bailey for a licence for an
" Academical Society," which proposed to investigate and discuss philosophical,
literary, historical, and political subjects. The society admitted only members of
Universities or Inns of Court. The Lord Mayor and Alderman Perring were ready
to sign the licence; the application fell through owing to the opposition of the two
other aldermen on the bench, who objected to the improper tendencies of political
debate. — Alderman Combe having resigned his position as member for the
146
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1817
''' '"- .-''*'-.'V'>"'-'' '■
City, Sir Matthew Wood was elected (10 June). — An entry in the registers
of St. Andrew's, Holborn, runs thus: — "Baptised, July 31, 1817, Benjamin,
said to be about twelve years old, son of Isaac and Maria D'Israeli, Viny's
Road, Gentleman." A clergyman named Thimbleby performed the ceremony.
— The new Custom House, begun in 18 14, was finished during the summer.
It was designed by
David Laing. — Bar-
tholomew F"air (3 to 5
Sept. ) passed off quietly
each day until night-
fall, when the usual
riotous scenes were
enacted. The Lord
Mayordiscontinued the
old custom of calling
on the Keeper of New-
gate on the opening day
of the fair, to partake
of a tankard of wine,
nutmeg and sugar. —
Alderman Christopher
Smith was chosen Lord
Mayor. — In conse-
quence of the death of
the Princess Charlotte
(6 Nov. ) the ceremonial
of the Lord Mayor's
show was omitted. — St.
Dunstan's-in-the-East
having become dilapi-
dated, the old church ^"""'^ ^""^'"'^ ''°'"'°')' ^^"■
was pulled down, and the first stone of a new structure was laid on 26 Nov. —
Hone, the bookseller, was unsuccessfully prosecuted for publishing blasphemous
pamphlets. The Corporation protested against the spirit shown by the Govern-
ment in such proceedings, and denounced the intrigues of spies and informers, and
the imprisonment of men who were brought to trial without knowledge of the
charges brought against them (Dec).
A.D. 1817-18 Modern History of the City of London. 147
Charles Lamb resided at No. 4, Inner Temple Lane, from 1809 to Oct. 181 7. He had two rooms
on the third floor and five above, for ^30 a year. " Hare Court's trees come in at the window " he
told Coleridge, "so that it's like living in a garden." — The "Half Moon" in Cheapside had now
ceased to be a tavern. — The old office of Warden of the Mint was abolished. — The Poultry
Compter was taken down, and the prisoners removed to the newly-erected prison in Whitecross
Street. — The City of London Gas I^ight and Coke Company was incorporated for a term of
46 years, but the limit was removed in 1859. — One of the six wooden wheels of the London
Bridge Waterworks was removed, an iron wheel being substituted at a cost of ,-^6,500. Subsequently
another iron wheel was introduced, costing ^5,000.
1818.
'OR the purpose of raising a fund to assist in the building of churches
in London and the Ivingdom generally, an influential meeting was
held at Freemasons' Tavern (6 Feb., 18 18), attended by nearly the
whole bench of bishops. — Official enquiry established the fact
that certain London tea-dealers very frequently adulterated tea
with dried ash, sloe and elder leaves ; but the leading merchants published a denial
of the statement as applicable to the trade generally (16 Mar.). — The Common
Council resolved on an address to the Prince Regent on the marriage of his sister,
the Princess Eliza, with the Prince of Hesse Homburg (9 Ap.). — Nearly 6,000
children, belonging to the London National Schools, assembled in the Egyptian
Hall ; here, in the presence of the Queen, the Lord Mayor and a distinguished com-
pany, a portion of them were examined in spelling, arithmetic and reading (29 Ap.).
— Flaxman's monument to Nelson was unveiled in St. Paul's (12 May). — The Pitt
Club celebrated the anniversary of Pitt's birth at the City of London Tavern, on
which occasion Lord Liverpool deprecated the growing profaneness of the age
(29th). — The Common Council congratulated the Prince Regent (in an address voted
9 June) on the marriage of the Duke of Cambridge with the Princess of Hesse.
A similar address (21 July) related to the marriages of the Duke of Clarence with
the Princess of Saxe-Meiningen and of the Duke of Kent with the Princess of
Leiningen. — At the General Election, the following members were returned for
the City : Matthew Wood, Thomas Wilson, Robert Waithman, and John Thomas
Thorp. — During the excavations made for the new Post Office, the foundations
of the Collegiate Church of St. Martin-le-Grand were laid bare.
Three inter-communicating vaults were discovered under the foundations of old houses in the
rear of St, Leonard's, Foster Lane. They were built chiefly of large square bricks, mixed with
U 2
148 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1818-19
stone and flint, the interstices being filled with yellow chalky earth. The height was 9 feet, depth
about 18, breadth 6 or 7. A stone coffin, pierced with two holes, and measuring 6^ feet in length,
was found. Short pillars supported intersecting semi-circular arches. A college was founded here in
700 by Wythred, King of Kent ; it was surrendered in 1548 to Edward VI, and soon afterwards the
church was pulled down.
Alderman John Atkins was appointed Lord Mayor.— Much competition took
place for the office of the City Sword Bearer, now vacant ; three persons were said
to have offered /i 0,000 for the post. The Common Council subsequently decided
(28 Jan. 1819) that the office should be filled up by election.— Carroll's Lottery
office, Cornhill, was destroyed by fire (20 Nov.).— Under the will of the late
Rev. W. Hetherington, and from other sources, the governors of Christ's Hospital
were able to extend annuities of from £10 to ^50 to upwards of 500 blind persons.
This year Mrs. Fry described before the House of Commons Police Committee her reformatory
work among the female prisoners of Newgate.
I819.
|IBLEY, a watchman, his wife, and several men and boys, all of
them disciples of Joanna Southcott and under the influence of
religious mania, marched through Temple Bar, along Fleet Street, to
Budge Row, Cannon Street, wearing white cockades and yellow
rosettes (14 Jan., 18 19). Sibley sounded a trumpet in Budge Row,
and his wife proclaimed " Woe, woe, to the inhabitants of the earth because of the
coming of Shiloh ! " Immense crowds assembled, and Sibley and his companions
were pelted. They were taken into custody, but released the next morning. —
Southwark Bridge was opened to traffic at midnight on 24 Mar.
As St. Paul's clock struck twelve the toll of one penny commenced ; the bridge was lighted by
thirty gas lamps. The bridge, designed by Sir John Rennie, comprises three cast-iron arches, the
two outer measuring zio feet in length, and the central 240 feet, the height of the latter above high
water at spring-tide being about 42 feet. The roadway is 42 feet wide, is formed of solid plates of
cast-iron, and is supported by stone piers. The ribs of the arches form a series of hollow voussoirs.
In length the bridge is 700 feet, and the weight of the iron-work is 5,700 tons.
An amusing hoax played on Alderman Sir John Eamer resulted in a
considerable number of persons calling at his house, under the impression that
they were invited to dinner. The worthy Alderman made the best of the situation
and his guests spent an hilarious evening. — The new building of the London
Institution, in Finsbury Circus, was opened 21 Ap.
A.D. 1819 Modern History of the City of London. 149
The Institution was founded in 1806, being first established in Sir Robert Clayton's house, in
Old Jewry ; it received a Charter of Incorporation, 21 Jan., 1807, and was transferred to King's Arms
Yard, Coleman Street, in 18 ii. The structure in Finsbury Circus was designed by William Brooks.
The main body of the building is 108 feet in length, each wing being 16 feet. The centre is adorned
with a handsome portico, with four Tuscan pillars which again support four Corinthian columns, the
whole being surmounted by a pediment. The great staircase is 97 feet long, and 42 wide. The
theatre accommodates 750 persons.
The freedom of the Merchant Taylors' Company was presented to Lord
Sidmouth on 1 1 June. — An unusual scene took place at St. Andrew's Church,
Holborn, owing to the parish officers refusing to permit an interment in an iron
coffin (17 June). The undertaker, who had left the coffin in the churchyard, was
arrested, the dispute being subsequently remitted to the King's Bench, which
decided that it was a matter for ecclesiastical jurisdiction. — Seditious handbills and
placards occasioned the Lord Mayor some apprehension in Aug.
A Radical demonstration, under the leadership of Dr. Watson, Thistlewood and Preston, took
place at Smithfield (25th). — A similar meeting at Manchester had been attended with loss of life in
consequence of a charge of the Yeomanry. On 9 Sept. the Common Council passed a resolution
indignantly censuring the action of the Manchester authorities, and drew up an address to the Prince
Regent, in which they claimed for all Englishmen the right of public meeting, and affirming that
forcible suppression of meetings could only " tend to increase the present discontent, destroy public
confidence in the pure and equal administration of justice, excite disaffection, and lead to acts of open
violence or secret revenge." — On 13 Sept. "Orator" Hunt, accompanied by Watson, Thistlewood and
Preston, made a progress through the City, amid a dense concourse of spectators. — The Court of
Aldermen (5 Oct.) declared their abhorrence of the libellous and seditious publications now inundating
the country. — Sheriff Parkins, whose extreme hostility to the Government was not supported by the
majority of the Corporation, openly severed himself from his civic colleagues, refused to join the usual
procession to Westminster (9 Nov.) for the presentation to the barons of the Exchequer (he rode
alone on horseback while the Lord Mayor went by water), and had on 8 Oct. declined to accompany
the Lord Mayor to the Court of Aldermen, afterwards defending his action in a long statement
before the Court of Aldermen. — Richard Carlile, the Fleet Street bookseller, was found guilty (14th)
of re-pubhshing Paine's "Age of Reason."
Alderman George Bridges was elected Mayor. — Several journeymen printers
were sentenced at the Guildhall for printing almanacs on unstamped paper (5 Nov.).
— Coleridge commenced his course of twelve lectures on Shakespeare in the house
held by the Philosophical Society in Crane Court, Fleet Street (8 Nov.). —
Considerable friction occurred between the Court of Common Council and the
Court of Aldermen, in reference to a threatened prosecution by the latter of
Alderman Waithman, for obstructing the election of Mayor. — A meeting of book-
sellers and printers deprecated the proposal then before Parliament to inflict
I50 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1819-20
penalties of transportation and death for the vending of blasphemous or seditious
libels (15 Dec).
Poultry Chapel (Congregationalist) was erected on the site of the old Compter.— A caricature of
the day represents Orator Hunt, with an ass's head, addressing an immense assemblage of cattle, sheep,
pigs, etc., in Smithfield. " I should be ambitious, indeed," exclaims the Orator, " if I thought my
bray would be heard by the immense and respectable multitude I have the honour to address." The
audience reply with " Hear, hear ! " " Bravo ! "
1820.
UCH distress was caused by the severe winter. The Lord Mayor,
presiding at a meeting at Mr. Hick's warehouse, London Wall,
stated that an almost incredible number of applications for relief
^ had been made to the magistrates. A subscription was opened, and
Mr. Hick turned his spacious warehouses into temporary shelters
for night-wanderers (13 Jan., 1820). — A fire in Thames Street and Swan Lane
wrought damage to the extent of ^200,000. — On the death of King George III the
Common Council agreed (2 Feb.) upon a loyal address to his successor. A similar
address was voted by the Court of Aldermen (20th). — A meeting of merchants at
the London Tavern opened a subscription in aid of the sufferers from the extensive
floods in the Netherlands. — At the General Election, the following members were
chosen for the City : Thomas Wilson, Matthew Wood, Sir William Curtis, and
the Lord Mayor (14 Mar.). — The freedom of the City was conferred on the Marquis
Camden (23 Mar.), in appreciation of his disinterested conduct in relinquishing a
large amount of income derivable from fees as a teller of the Exchequer. — The
Roman Catholic chapel, in Moorfields, was opened (22 Ap.).
The structure seated 2,000 persons. The altar was of marble, the ceiling frescoed ; the pulpit of
marble was presented by Lord Arundel. Behind the columns of the sanctuary was placed a fresco
of the Crucifixion.
A thousand school children were regaled with roast beef and plum pudding, in
the Coleman Street School, on the occasion of the King's birthday (24 Ap.). — Five
of the Cato Street conspirators were executed on i May.
They were Thistlewood, Ings, Brunt, Tidd, and Davidson. Thistlewood had escaped from
Cato Street when the Bow Street officers broke in upon the meeting of the conspirators, but was taken
in bed the next morning at 8, White Street, Little Moorfields. He was committed to the Tower, being
the last person immured there as a prisoner. The trial took place at the Old Bailey in Ap.
Thistlewood and his companions were the last sufferers of the death penalty for high treason in this
A.D. 1820 Modern History of the City of London. 151
country. On the day of their execution at Newgate, Life Guards were stationed in the Old Bailey,
Newgate Street, and Ludgate Hill, and six cannon and loo Artillerymen were placed in the centre of
Blackfriars Bridge. When the bodies had been suspended half-an-hour, a masked man decapitated them
one by one, each head being lifted up by his assistant, with the thrice-repeated exclamation, "This is the
head of a traitor.'' A large number of women witnessed the scene.
Queen Caroline arrived in London, amid a popular ovation, on 3 June,
and for a short time resided at the house of Mr. Alderman Wood in South
Audley Street.
The City sided with the Queen in her unhappy dispute with George IV. On i6 June the
Lord Mayor, in state, with Aldermen Wood, Thorp, Waithman, the Sheriffs, City Officers, and about
ninety members of the Common Council, and accompanied by a vast concourse of people, waited on
the Queen at her residence in Portman Street, and presented an address expressive of sympathy with her
afflictions and asserting her right to a public investigation of the charges brought against her. Similar
sentiments were embodied in an address from the Common Hall on the 30th. Queen Caroline's trial
lasted from 17 Aug. to 10 Nov., when the Government abandoned the Bill of Pains and Penalties.
The Queen was received with enthusiasm at all her appearances in public. London was illuminated
on 10 Nov. On 21 Nov. the Common Council resolved to felicitate Her Majesty on "the triumphant
refutation of the foul charges " brought against her character and honour. In spite of protests from a
section of the Court of Aldermen the Queen attended at St. Paul's on 29 Nov. to join in divine service.
Enormous crowds filled the streets. Shop doors in the Strand and City were barricaded to guard against
the pressure of the multitude. The Queen was received at Temple Bar by the Lord Mayor, the
Sheriffs, Mr. Alderman Wood, etc. A committee of sixty ladies, arrayed in white satin, received Her
Majesty at the Cathedral. No untoward incidents marked the day. The Common Hall adopted an
address to the Queen (15 Dec), strongly condemning the attack upon Her Majesty through the Bill of
Pains and Penalties. In September the Queen had presented to the Corporation portraits of herself
and the Princess Charlotte.
A man convicted of perjury stood for an hour in the public pillory opposite
Newgate (i Aug.). — A set of communion plate was presented by the Pope to the
Roman Catholic chapel in Moorfields. — Alderman John Thomas Thorp was chosen
Mayor. — An address of the Common Council to the King (voted i Dec.) deplored
the exhaustion of the country by excessive public expenditure, and openly reprobated
the recent proceedings against Queen Caroline. A different tone animated an address
from the Court of Mayor and Aldermen, in which regret was expressed at the
propagation of sedition by "infatuated malice and a licentious press " (5 Dec). —
At a meeting at the King's Head, Poultry, a society was formed (22nd), under the
title of the Constitutional Association, for opposing the progress of disloyal and
seditious principles.
George Gwilt rebuilt 42 feet of the spire of St. Mary-le-Bow. — Furnival's Inn was rebuilt by
William Peto, the contractor, 1818-1820.- — Theodore Hook started the John Bull newspaper in
Johnson's Court, Fleet Street. — The altar-piece, Mary Magdalen anointing the feet of Christ, painted
152 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1820-1
by W. Hilton, R.A., was presented to St. Michael's, College Hill, by the directors of the British
Institution.— Benjamin West was buried in the crypt of St. Paul's.— One of the last persons committed
to Newgate for a literary offence was Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Hobhouse, who had attacked the House
of Commons in a pamphlet entitled " A trifling mistake." He lived in style in the governor's rooms.
182I.
"•ARGE legacies of Bank and Government Stock were left to various
institutions by the late Mr. James Hayes, of Great Surrey Street,
Blackfriars; Bethlehem Hospital received ^3,000, Christ's Hospital
^10,000 for general uses, and ^10,000 for annuities of ;^io to
blind persons ; the poor of St. Gabriel's, Fenchurch Street,
/i,ooo, &c. — The new Royal crown, made by Messrs. Randell & Bridge, was
deposited in the Tower (Ap., 1820). — The singular case of the iron coffin {see 1 7 June,
18 19), was decided by the Consistory Court, the parish authorities of St. Andrew's,
Holborn, being permitted to charge an extra fee of ;^io for the interment of
metal coffins. — The freedom of the City was presented on 2 June to Attorney-
General Brougham, Solicitor-General Denman, and Dr. Lushington, for the talent,
firmness, and integrity they had displayed in defending the Queen against the
Bill of Pains and Penalties. — Interesting facts relating to the river came out in a
case heard before the Lord Mayor (i i June) :
A fisherman was charged with working an unlawful net. In defence he complained of the difficulty
of procuring a livelihood since the contamination of the stream by discharges from gas-works. Only one
salmon had been caught during the past year ; shad and smelt had almost disappeared ; the water was
poisoned as far as Brentford in the one direction, and beyond Rotherhithe in the other; the great mud-bank
near the Temple, once frequented by fish in search of red worm, was now deserted. Many fishermen
had been driven to seek other occupations. The Lord Mayor expressed sympathy for the defendant,
and imposed a very light penalty. Courts of Conservancy were held in the following September at
Southwark and Westminster, and testimony heard as to the pollution of the river; the Lord Mayor
ordered the prosecution of the offending parties.
The coronation of King George IV was proclaimed in the City in the usual
way (14 June), but Wood Street was omitted from the list of halting-places. Loud
cries of " The Queen ! " greeted the cavalcade during its progress. — The Common
Council ordered suitable accommodation to be provided for reporters of their
debates (12 July). — At the coronation banquet in Westminster Hall, according to
ancient custom, the Lord Mayor, accompanied by twelve citizens, presented the
King with wine in a gold cup ; and His Majesty, having drunk, returned the cup
to the Lord Mayor as his fee (19 July). — The report of the Committee of the
A.D. 1821-2 Modern History of the City of London. 153
House of Commons on the state of London Bridge recommended the granting
of power to erect a new bridge of five arches, and that no toll should be levied,
the Bridge House Estates having ^112,000 in hand, and a yearly rental of
^25,000. — Queen Caroline's funeral procession, on its way to Harwich, was
accompanied through the City by the Lord Mayor (14 Aug.). — A charge of
disturbance at Moorfields Chapel, occasioned by the beadle's demand of threepence
for admission, came before the Lord Mayor, (28 Aug.). — Alderman Christopher
Magnay was elected Lord Mayor. — Addresses to the King were presented
(16 Nov.) from the Court of Mayor and Aldermen and the Common Council,
expressing pleasure at His Majesty's safe return from abroad. On the return
of the deputation which took charge of the addresses, Mr. Wontner, First
City Marshal, was thrown from his horse and sustained a severe fracture of
the leg.
The register books of the Fleet marriages, about 1,200 in number, some of them partly relating to
marriages performed outside the Liberty of the Fleet, were bought by Government and deposited at
Somerset House. — John Rennie, engineer of Waterloo Bridge and designer of new London Bridge,
was buried in the crypt of St. Paul's. — Specie payment was fully resumed at the Bank. — The
population within the walls was returned at 56,174. — A portrait of Lord Mayor Thorp, in
Sir George Nayler's work on the Coronation of King George IV, represents the Chief Magistrate
as carrying the City Sceptre in the procession. — According to a return made to a Parliamentary
Committee this year the annual rental derived from the London Bridge Waterworks was ;^i2,266;
the number of houses supplied, 10,417 ; and the quantity of water, 26,322,705 hogsheads.
1522.
N various accounts the river occupied a considerable share of
public attention.
F^loods on the Thames, at the close of 182 1, formed the subject of a report
from the Navigation Committee of the City of London ; but it was stated that no
delay to shipping had been occasioned (Jan.). — A high south-westerly wind, on
6 Mar., depleted the river of water to such an extent that it was in several places
fordable. Valuable articles were found in the river-bed. Ships were seen aground in all parts of the
stream below London Bridge. On the return of the tide the water ran with such rapidity as to overturn
or injure a number of barges. — An iron steamboat, designed for direct communication between London
and Paris, was exhibited between London and Battersea bridges; it was 176 feet long and 17 broad,
and was propelled by a 30-horse-power engine. — On i Aug. the report of the Bridge House Committee,
advising that steps be taken for the erection of a new London Bridge, was agreed to. — A society was
organised for the moral and temporal improvement of the watermen, of whom there were stated to be
about 9,000.
154 Modem History of the City of London. a.d. 1822
Thirteen convicts made an attempt at escape from Newgate (29 Jan., 1822).
A hole, two feet square, was discovered by the turnkeys in the wall of one of the
north wards. — The freedom of the City was presented to Mr. Joseph Hume on
account of his exertions in the House of Commons in the interests of public
economy (21 Feb.). — On 30 Mar. the Recorder, Sir John Silvester, died. —
Mr. Thomas Denman was elected Common Serjeant in the room of Mr.
Newman Knowlys, who had been promoted to the Recordership (25 April). —
For libels on the late Queen the proprietors of John BtUl were condemned to
fines and imprisonment (20 May). — A young woman, under sentence of trans-
portation for theft, was discovered to be innocent, and released from Newgate
(June).
Romantic circumstances attended this case. The young woman's lover, a market salesman, made
an appeal to the Home Secretary, and declared his willingness to marry the girl, in the presence of His
Majesty's Ministers, if they would be pleased to grant her a pardon. In order to keep the salesman to
his word, the promise of pardon was at first made conditional on the ceremony taking place. They
were married at St. Botolph's, Aldgate, and on returning to Newgate, the official pardon was placed in
the husband's hands. It is said that in one day the governor of Newgate received twenty offers
from men to marry female prisoners on similar conditions.
An Act was passed in August for the removal of the London Bridge
Waterworks.
On the approaching demolition of the waterworks all the leases derived by the waterworks from
the City were transferred to the New River Company for the consideration of ^3,750 payable yearly
for j6o years. A portion of the area supphed by the old Works was conveyed for the purpose of
water-supply to the East London Company on condition of the latter paying an annual sum of ;^i6o
to the New River Company for the period of 260 years.
On 16 Oct. died Sir Matthew Bloxam, Knight, aged seventy-nine ; Sheriff
in 1787; founder of the "Sheriffs' fund" for the relief of debtors; M.P. for
Maidstone, 1790-1806; Alderman of Bridge Ward Within, 1803-1821. — Alderman
William Heygate, was elected Lord Mayor. — Mrs. ^Wright defended herself
at the Old Bailey on the charge of selling Carlile's blasphemous publications
(14 Nov.).
Carlile, in order to baffle the authorities and prevent identification of the vendor, had erected a
partition in his shop; through an aperture there were handed to purchasers such publications as were
threatened with prosecution. — Waddington, a bookseller, was sentenced to a year's imprisonment in
the House of Correction, for selling Palmer's " Principles of Nature."
The Lord Mayor declined to grant an order to the Rector of St. Olave,
Hart Street, to compel a parishioner to pay tithe (20 Nov.).
In memory of Emery, the actor, who died in 1822, a tablet was placed in St. Andrew's, Holborn. —
A new hall (the second) was erected for the Leathersellers' Company, in St. Helen's Place, by
A.D. 1822-3
Modern History of the City of London.
155
W. F. Pocock, 1820-22.— The present Saddlers' Hall was built by Jesse Gibson.— In 1S22, and
possibly later, the custom was still observed of presenting two sugar-loaves to the Lord Chief Baron of
the Exchequer from the Wardens of the Fleet Prison, as a kind of complimentary acknowledgment,
the Wardens receiving the rents and profits of the shops in AVestminster Hall.— This is the first year in
Hall of Leathersellers' Company.
which a steam-vessel is entered in Lloyd's Register.—" About thirty years ago," writes a contributor
to Notes and Queries in 1852, "there might be heard any morning in the smaller streets of the City a
cry of ' dolls' bedsteads,' from a lean lame man on a crutch ; he wore an apron, and carried miniature
bedsteads for sale. Of this man it was currently reported that he was implicated in the Cato Street
conspiracy, and turned King's evidence."
1823.
USINESS in foreign stocks was removed from the Royal Exchange
to a room in Capel Court (i Jan., 1823). — The Spanish and
Portuguese ambassadors were splendidly entertained at the City of
London Tavern, Lord Wihiam Bentinck presiding (7 Mar.). — On
29 Mar. died Sir John Earner, Knight; Sheriff 1794 ; Alderman
of Lanabourn, 1795 ; Knighted, 1795 ; Lord Mayor, 1801 ; Colonel of a London
X 3
156 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1823
Militia regiment. His full length portrait is preserved in the Guildhall. — On 18
Apr. died Alderman Thomas Smith, who had represented Farringdon Within Ward
since 1803 ; Sheriff, 1805 ; Lord Mayor, 1809. — The number of prisoners in
Newgate was unusually small, only loi men and 74 women being returned in the
governor's report to the Court of Aldermen (3 June). — -The novelty of a female
preacher, Mary Brown, attracted great crowds to the chapel in Grub Street. —
Mr. Macadam was at this time directing public attention to his schemes for
improved paving in London. — The Common Council held frequent discussions
during the year on the subject of the proposed new London Bridge, the Act
empowering its erection having passed in July. — Alderman Robert Waithman
was elected Lord Mayor. — On 26 Dec. died Samuel Thorp, aged eighty-two.
For more than fifty years he represented Aldgate Ward in the Common Council.
He was the Father of the Court, and three times declined the Alderman's gown.
Vintners' Hall, Upper Thames Street, was rebuilt, 1820-23. — St. Paul's School was built in 1823
from a design by George Smith, this being the third edifice on the old site on the east side of St. Paul's
Churchyard. — London was now supplied with 39,504 public gas lamps, furnished by three principal
companies, the length of gas-lit streets extending to 215 miles. — The Corporation this year voted sums in
aid of the patriotic struggles of the Spaniards and the Greeks. — The church of St. Bartholomew-the-Less
was restored by Thomas Hardwick.
The following lines on the contemporary Aldermen of London appeared in the New Monthly
Magazine : —
THE COURT OF ALDERMEN AT FISHMONGERS' HALL.
Is that dace or perch ?
Said Alderman Birch.
I take it for herring,
Said Alderman Perring.
This jack's very good,
Said Alderman AA'ood.
But its bones might a man slay,
Said Alderman Ansley.
I'll butter what I get.
Said Alderman Heygate.
Give me some stewed carp,
Said Alderman Thorp.
The roe's dry as pith,
Said Alderman Smith.
Don't cut so far down.
Said Alderman Brown.
But nearer the fin.
Said Alderman Glynn.
I've finished i'faith, man,
Said Alderman Waithman.
And I, too, i' fatkins.
Said Alderman Atkins.
They've crimped this cod drolly,
Said Alderman Scholey.
'Tis bruised at the ridges.
Said Alderman Brydges.
Was it caught in a drag ? Nay,
Said Alderman Magnay.
'Twas brought by two men.
Said Alderman Ven-
Ables. Yes, in a box,
Said Alderman Cox.
They care not how fur ''tis,
Said Alderman Curtis.
From air kept and sun.
Said Alderman Thompson.
Packed neatly in straw,
Said Alderman Shaw.
In ice got from Gunter,
Said Alderman Hunter.
This ketchup is sour.
Said Alderman Flower.
Then steep it in claret,
Said Alderman Garratt.
A.D. 1824
Modern History of the City of London.
157
^ -^f /ir/i"-ir /?^
1824.
HE first pile of new London Bridge was driven on 15 Mar., 1824.
Interesting antiquities were turned up during the excavations,
among them being a sih^er statuette of Harpocrates, now in the
British Museum.
Various projects connected with the river were engaging the attention of
Parliament. On 25 Mar. the Common Council instructed the Navigation Committee to watch the
progress of five Bills dealing with (i) a proposed bridge across the Thames at St. Katherine's, (2)
a bridge at Hammersmith, (3) a tunnel under the river, (4) the enlargement of Counter's Creek,
Hammersmith, (5) the construction of docks at St. Katherine's. — A meeting of owners of river-side
property was held at the Mansion House, the Lord Mayor presiding, to hear an address by Colonel
Trench, M.P., on his scheme for an esplanade or terrace, 80 feet wide, and 60 feet high, to extend
from London Bridge to West-
minster. The top of the structure
was to be planted with trees, and
used as a promenade, to which
people would gain admission by
toll. Warehouses were to be built
underneath (15 July). — A few days
later (20 July) the Court of the
Proprietors of the Thames Tunnel
Company met at the City of Lon-
don Tavern. It was stated that
Mr. Brunei had been engaged to
construct a tunnel from Wapping
to Rotherhithe, receiving ;^io,ooo
for his patent, and a salary of
;^i,ooo per annum for three years.
^T T , T, -^ f „ . , ,,,, , The establishment of
New London Bridge from i enning s Wnart.
the Guildhall Library takes
its origin from a motion carried by Mr. Richard Lambert Jones, in the Court of
Common Council (8 Ap.). — A plan of escape from Newgate was frustrated by the
discovery of a rope, made from the prison mats, by which several prisoners had
intended to scale the wall. They had been supplied with a brace of pistols, con-
cealed in a parcel of sugar (16 May). — Eight shopmen of Richard Carlile were
sentenced to various fines and terms of imprisonment for selling Paine's " Age of
Reason," etc. (24 June). — Alderman John Garratt was elected Lord Mayor.
Barclay's brewery was one of the wonders of London. It covered 8 acres of ground, and in 1823
had manufactured 351,474 barrels of beer. The three coppers in which the beer was boiled each held
150 barrels; twenty-five gentlemen once dined in one of these huge vessels, and, after they left, fifty
workmen got in and regaled themselves. The fermenting tuns held 1,400 barrels each. — Bread and
beer for breakfast were discontinued at Christ's Hospital. — St. Bride's Avenue was formed. —
The Corporation contributed (1815-1824) the sum of ^,^80,000 towards the site for the General Post
158 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1824-5
Office.— A Committee of Inquiry was appointed by the members of Lloyd's Registry, in order to report
on reform in the classification of vessels. The report was presented in 1826.— Richard Dighton
published a series of spirited coloured prints (1817-24), giving portraits of well-known City men,
including N. M. Rothschild, Sir William Curtis, Messrs. Ripley, Gascoigne, Samuel, Charles Grant,
Heale, Hellish, Ben Bovill, Richard Thornton, etc.
1825.
^RUNEL commenced the Thames Tunnel in Jan., 1825. — The
Common Council resolved to petition for the repeal of the House
and Window Duties (16 Feb.). — The Duke of York laid the
foundation stone of the New Hall of Christ's Hospital (28 Ap.). — A
meeting at the Crown and Anchor tavern considered a scheme for
a London University (subsequently known as University College). Among those
present were Mr. Brougham, Lord John Russell, Dr. Birkbeck, Thomas Campbell,
the poet, etc.^ — Dr. Abraham Rees (the editor of the well-known Cyclopaedia) was
buried at Bunhill Fields (9 June). — The first stone of new London Bridge was laid
(15 June).
The cofferdam, the floor of which was 45 feet below high-water mark, was divided into four tiers
of galleries, gaily adorned with flags. The Duke of York, accompanied by the Lord Mayor, arrived about
four in the afternoon, the children of the schools belonging to Candlewick, Bridge, and Dowgate Wards
singing the national anthem. In the cavity of the foundation stone, which was laid by the Lord
Mayor, were placed coins and an inscription in Latin, engraved on a copper plate. The inscription,
written by Dr. Coplestone, runs thus in translation: — "The free course of the river being obstructed by
the numerous piers of the ancient bridge, and the passage of boats and vessels through its narrow
channels being often attended with danger and loss of life by reason of the force and rapidity of the
current, the City of London, desirous of providing a remedy for this evil, and at the same time
consulting the convenience of commerce in this vast emporium of all nations, under the sanction and
with the liberal aid of Parliament, resolved to erect a bridge upon a foundation altogether new, with
arches of a wider span, and of a character corresponding to the dignity and importance of this loyal
City ; nor does any other time seem to be more suitable for such an undertaking than when
in a period of universal peace, the British Empire, flourishing in glory, wealth, population, and domestic
union, is governed by a prince, the patron and encourager of the arts, under whose auspices the
metropolis has been daily advancing in elegance and splendour. The first stone of this work was laid
by John Garratt, Esquire, Lord Mayor, on the 15th day of June, in the sixth year of King George
the Fourth, and in the year of our Lord, 1825. John Rennie, F.R.S., architect." The foundation
stone weighed 9 tons.
On 30 July died James R. Syms ; he was elected Common Crier and
Serjeant-at-Arms of the City in 1797 ; the " London Life Association" was formed
at his suggestion. — Henry Woodthorpe, Town Clerk since 1801, died 4 Sept. ; on
account of his deafness his son had acted for him since 18 18. — A meeting was
held at the " Horn" Tavern, Doctors Commons, to ventilate a project for opening up
a new street from New Bridge Street to the west front of St. Paul's, the scheme
being advocated by Mr. James Elmes. — The subject of tithes agitated the public
A D. 1825-6 Modern History of the City of London. '59
mind. The Tithes Committee presented to the Court of Common Council a
report of their proceedings, from 181 1 to the present time (23 Sept.). — Alderman
William Venables was chosen Lord Mayor. — A financial panic occurred in Dec,
several banks stopping payment.
The banking-house of Sir Peter Pole & Co., which was suspended on 5 Dec, had, in the previous
week, paid out more than a milhon and-a-quarter. Lombard Street and other thoroughfares, where
banks were situated, were daily besieged by vast crowds. A meeting of 150 bankers and merchants at
the Mansion House (14 Dec), under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, deprecated the panic and
expressed confidence in the stability of the public credit. A large number of joint-stock, mining and
other companies had been floated during the year. Among these companies was one which professed
to make gold ; the shares having been all taken up, it was announced that the cost of producing an
ounce of gold would be double the value of the precious metal manufactured ; the Company was
dissolved, and the deposits were retained to pay expenses. A railroad was projected from Dover to Calais.
The Chilian Republic borrowed from this country a million at 6 per cent., but paid no interest after
1826. Much money was lost by the mismanagement of the Greek loan. At one period of the
financial fever of 1825-6, crowds so choked the entrance to the Stock Exchange that fines
of ^5 were imposed for obstruction.
The livery of the Glass Sellers' Company was increased. — A livery was granted to the Woolmen's
Company ; and the same privilege was conferred on the Basket Makers. — Henry Fuseli, the painter,
was buried in the crypt of St. Paul's. — The old "Cherry Tree'' Inn, Wilderness Row, once noted for
its tea-gardens, was demolished. — The interior of Bakers' Hall (Harp Lane, Great Tower Street) was
restored, under the superintendence of James Elmes. — Mr. Francis Baily, a well-known member of
the Stock Exchange, was chosen president of the Royal Astronomical Society.
1826.
=,T a meeting of Common Council (19 Jan., 1826) the idea of a
Guildhall Museum was mooted.
Mr. Hicks moved that a room be set apart for the reception of local antiquities,
many valuable relics having been lost to the City for want of accommodation.
At the same meeting of the Council it was stated that the Library Committee had
purchased, for 250 guineas, a complete set of the London Gazet/e, from its
origin in 1665 ; a great number of works relating to the antiquities, history, laws, manners and customs
of the City of London and Borough of Southwark had also been collected.
The Court of Proprietors of the Bank acquiesced in the proposal of the
Government to remove the limit to the number of partners in country banks
beyond 65 miles from London (3 Feb.). — The old South Sea House in Broad
Street, which had been occupied as private chambers, was burned down (Ap.). —
The Custom House, lately erected, having shown serious signs of dilapidation
owing to insecure foundations, an action was entered against Henry Peto, the
builder, but failed. — Parliament was dissolved on 31 May. A crowded and excited
meeting assembled in Guildhall to elect the City members of Parliament by show
of hands (9 June). The subsequent poll resulted in the return of Aldermen
Thompson and Waithman, Mr. Ward, and Alderman Wood. — The stocks
i6o Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1826-7
belonging to St. Clement Danes, the last remaining example of that ancient mode
of punishment, were removed for the purpose of local improvements. — A bust of
Granville Sharp, the philanthropist, was placed in the Council Chamber of the
Guildhall (4 July). — Bow steeple gave evidence of instability, part of the stonework
falling upon a neighbouring roof (18 Aug.). Mr. Gwilt, the architect, attributed
the unsafe condition of the steeple to excessive vibration caused by bell-ringing.
The famous peal (cast in 1762) was for a time silenced. — The last State lottery in
England was drawn at Coopers' Hall, Basinghall Street, on 18 Oct. — On 26 Oct.
died Alderman Magnay, formerly Sheriff (1814), and Lord Mayor (1821). He was
a successful stationer, his place of business being situated on College Hill. In 18 16
he acted as Master of the Stationers' Company. — Alderman Anthony Brown was
elected Lord Mayor. — Farringdon Market for fruit and vegetables, between
Farringdon Street and Shoe Lane, was opened on 20 Nov. L was designed by the
Clerk of the City's Works, Mr. W. Montagu, and cost ^31,186. — The placing of
an illuminated dial in the clock of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, was regarded by the
citizens as a great novelty (2 Dec). — At a meeting of the Waterloo Bridge
Company, at the "Crown and Anchor" Tavern, a dividend of only one per cent,
was declared, and a proposition was raised to dispose of the bridge by lottery.
An Act of Parliament was obtained for tlie sale of Bangor House, Shoe Lane, to the parish of
St. Andrew, Holborn, the proceeds to be devoted to the purchase of a London House for the
See of Bangor. — The last vestige of the Grey Friars monastery was removed. The entrance was
opposite Warwick Lane; Christ Church, Newgate, was built on part of the site. — The eleven leading
breweries of London were as follows : Barclay & Perkins, Truman & Hanbury, Whitbread, Reid,
Combe & Delafield, Meux, Calvert, Hoare, Taylor, Elliott, Campbell. In the year ending July,
Barclay & Perkins manufactured 380,180 barrels of porter. — The old "Elephant" Tavern, Fenchurch
Street, was demolished. It had been built before the Great Fire.
1827.
TRANSPARENT clock-dials were now coming into general use. —
Agitation was being directed against the Corporation and Test
Acts (1827).
A great meeting, called by the Protestant Society and attended by 3,000
persons, was held at the " City of London " Tavern, Lord Milton presiding.
Resolutions were passed against the Acts, which were declared to be a disgrace to the statute
book (8 May). On the previous day the Common Council had passed a similar motion.
On Lord Liverpool's death the King placed the administration in the hands
of Canning, a step which gave great satisfaction to the Common Council, and an
address, commending His Majesty's dignified action "under circumstances of great
A.D. 1827-8 Modern History of the City of London. 161
difficulty," was adopted on 23 May. — An inrush of water on the morniny of
18 May checked the operations at the Thames Tunnel.
The aperture was with difficulty stopped by bags of adhesive blue clay. Not till the end of June
was the tunnel sufficiently cleared for resumption of work. Enormous thick tarpaulins were also sunk
in the river over the spot where the leak had shown itself.
The excavations at London Bridge continued to yield antiquarian relics.
The discoveries included a finely executed leaden horse, Saxon coins, counters, gun-money, a
Roman coin inscribed " Plon," many coins of Antoninus Pius, together with spurs, spoons, daggers,
crucifixes, chains and manacles. Mr. Newman, Comptroller of the Bridge House Estates, made a
considerable collection.
Old Christ Church Hall was now demolished, the materials being sold by
public auction ; the oak beams erected in 1672 were found to be thoroughly sound
(Aug.). — The Printers' Pension F'und was being formed (Sept.). — At the instance
of the City authorities the Rev. Robert Taylor was prosecuted for blasphemous
utterances at a meeting held in the Areopagus, Cannon Street. The Attorney-
General was counsel for the prosecution. Taylor, who declared himself a Deist,
was found guilty (24 Oct.). — Unusual splendour marked the show of the new Lord
Mayor, Matthias Prime Lucas, the procession including Waterloo heroes, a detach-
ment of Life Guards wearing cuirasses taken at \\'^aterloo, the figures of Gog and
Magog, etc. The Guildhall banquet was marred by the fall of a number of coloured
lamps, the Duke of Clarence and the Lord Mayor suffering some inconvenience
from the occurrence. — A strike of 400 labourers at St. Katherine's Docks (then
in course of construction) was due to a reduction in wages and lasted two days
(19, 20 Nov.).
The Clockmakers' Company's Livery was fixed at 250. — The present Salters' Hall, St. Swithin's
Lane, built in 1823-7, was designed by Henry Carr. The hall is 72 feet by 40 ; the portico is Ionic.
Salters' Hall Chapel, removed to afford room for the new hall, had been a notable Dissenting meeting
house. — Joseph Gwilt superintended the alterations in Grocers' Hall, Poultry, a new entrance into
Princes Street being constructed. — The present Bank of England building was completed under the
direction of Sir R. Taylor. — The following nine London Insurance Companies paid duty to the amount
of ^20,000 or upwards : Sun, Phcenix, County, Royal Exchange, Protector, Guardian, Imperial,
Globe, Atlas.
182S.
^IX men were drowned by the renewed flooding of the Thames
Tunnel, Mr. Brunei, junr., escaping with difficulty (2 Jan., 1828).
— The Rev. Robert Taylor was sentenced at Guildhall to a ) ear's
imprisonment (sec 24 Oct., 1827); in his speech in defence, he had
denounced the Lord Mayor as " Persecution sitting in the chair
of mayoralty." — The Court of Aldermen decided that persons born of Jewish parents,
but baptized as Christians, were eligible for the freedom of the City (4 Mar.).
l62
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1828
In 1785, the Court of Aldermen had made a standing order that baptized Jews should not be
admitted to the freedom, and all applications from Jewish converts had since been rejected. The
point was successfully raised in the present instance on the petition of Messrs. Saul, praying to be
allowed to carry on business in the City.
A regatta, attended by the Duke and Duchess of Clarence, Princess
Augusta, and other royal personages, was celebrated above Waterloo Bridge.
The City lent its Naviga-
tion Barge for the ceremony.
Its deck, 146 feet by 19, was
covered with an awning ; the
royal standard was hoisted at
the mast head, the City ensign
at the stern. Four other City
barges took part in the display, —
the I^ord Mayor's, the Merchant
Taylors', the Vintners', and the
Drapers', the men being dressed
in the uniform of their companies
(18 June).
In June the Guildhall
Library was opened for
the use of members of
the Corporation.
Upon the motion of Mr.
Richard Lambert Jones, the
Court of Common Council (8
Ap., 1824), had referred to a
Special Committee the work of
inquiring into "the best mode
of arranging and carrying into
effect, in the Guildhall, a library
of all matters relating to this
City, the Borough of Southwark,
and the County of Middlesex,"
Mr. Jones being elected chair-
man. It was decided to expend
;£S°° fO"" outfit and ;^200
annually for maintenance. The
collections were lodged in the
rooms lately occupied in the east
wing of the Guildhall front, a
room of the Exchequer Court being utilized as a temporary store. The books (1,700 vols.)
having been arranged by Mr. William Upcott, Librarian of the London Institution, and a catalogue
prepared by Mr. Edward Tyrrell, Remembrancer, the post of librarian was bestowed upon
Mr. William Herbert.
Entrance to Great St. Helen's, looking towards Bishopsgate Street.
Destroyed 1892-4.
A.D. 1828-9 Modern History of the City of London. 163
The election of Dr. Blomfield to the bishopric of London was recognised at
Bow Church with the accustomed ceremonies; and the ancient Bow bells were
rung (16 Aug.). — The St. Katherine's Docks were opened on 25 Oct. — Alderman
William Thompson was elected Lord Mayor. — The new Corn Exchange in Mark
Lane, designed by George .Smith, was opened.
The building was erected in the Doric st)'le, the facade consisting of a peristyle of six fluted
columns, with rectangular wings. Eighty-two stands for factors were placed in the hall. Twelve cast-
iron pillars, with wheat-sheaf capitals, supported the roof The cost was ;^9o,ooo. — A Parlia-
mentary Committee, reporting on the police of the metropolis, attributed the increase in crime
to a rise in population, the low price of gin, the high rate of wages, and the spread of juvenile
gambling. — Brunswick Theatre, A\'ellclose Square, was re-opened (25 Feb.), but fell in three days
afterwards, killing ten persons. — William Blake, the poet-painter, was buried in Bunhill Fields.—
Brewers' Hall, Addle Street, was repaired by W. F. Pocock.
1829.
'XCITEMENT was caused in the City by the stoppage of the
banking house of Remington, Stephenson & Co. The Company
suffered largely through the embezzlements of Rowland Stephenson,
M.P. for Leominster, and Treasurer of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital. He absconded (Jan., 1829). — Dr. Blomfield was
installed Bishop of London at St. Paul's, by Dr. Copleston, Bishop of Llandaff
(16 Jan.). — Sir William Curtis, Bart., died on 18 Jan.
He was originally a sea biscuit manufacturer, then he launched into the Greenland fisheries, and
finally joined the banking house of C. Robarts, Curtis, Were, & Co. The chief steps of his civic career
were as follows: — Alderman of Tower Ward, 1785-1821 ; Alderman of Bridge Ward "Without, from
1821 to his death; M.P. for the City, 1790-1818, and 1820-1826 ; Sheriff, 1789-90; Lord Mayor,
1795. He was created a baronet in 1802. George IV presented his portrait, painted by Lawrence, to
" his faithful and loyal subject, Sir William Curtis."
The Common Council resolved to petition for the abolition of the death
punishment for forgery, and for the removal of Roman Catholic disabilities (Feb.).
— The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel received the freedom of the City, in recognition
of his labours in the abridgment and consolidation of the Criminal Statutes (8 Ap.).
— The new hall of Christ's Hospital was publicly opened on 29 May.
It was built in the Tudor style, being 187 feet long, 51^ wide, and 46^ high. The south front
was flanked by towers, between which were eight windows separated by buttresses. A gallery was
erected at each end of the Hall, and over one of them an organ.
Rioting and collision with police patrols on the part of Bethnal Green silk
weavers induced the Corporation to withhold their intended grant of ;/i'i,ooo
towards the relief of the distressed operatives (June). — For the demolition of four
Y 2
164
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1829
houses in Upper Thames Street, in order to make room for the new approach to
London Bridge, a tradesman was awarded ^14,000, being ^30,000 less than the
amount claimed. — Shillibeer started the first pair of omnibuses in the Metropolis,
from the Bank to the " Yorkshire Stingo," New Road. Each vehicle carried
twenty-two passengers inside, only the driver riding outside; the fare was is. for
the whole journey (4 July). — Thomas Shelton, the much esteemed Registrar of the
Lord Mayor's Court, died on 10 July. — The new General Post Office was opened
on 23 Sept. at five o'clock in the morning, the Holyhead mail being the first to
enter the court-yard.
Tower of London, from etching by W. Hollar.
The Structure was designed by Sir R. Smirke, R.A. ; the material was Portland stone; the order,
Ionic; the dimensions, 400 feet long, 130 wide, 64 high. The office stands in the parishes of
St. Anne and St. Agnes, St. Leonard, and St. Michael-le-quern ; 131 houses were displaced from its
site. The chief departments were known as the Inland, Foreign, and Twopenny-post Offices. Letter
carriers were conveyed from the General Post Office to various parts of London in vehicles resembling
the new omnibuses.
Alderman John Crow der was elected Lord Mayor. — On Lord Mayor's day the
tenor bell of St. Sepulchre's, Snow Hill, weighing 3,300 lbs., fell while in the act of
ringing.— The new Fleet Market, or Farringdon Market, was opened on 20 Nov.
The market formed a quadrangle of 232 feet by 150. An avenue of shops ran round three sides.
In the centre of the roof of the chief avenue a clock turret rose. The cost of the site and erection
was ^250,000. The street formerly called Fleet Market was now named Farringdon Street. Old
Fleet Market had been open ninety-two years.
A.D. 1829-30 Modern History of the City of London. 165
A new chapel was built on the site of the old Baptist meeting house in Devonshire Square,
Bishopsgate, and was opened with a sermon by Rev. Thomas Binney. — St. Augustine's, Watling Street,
was restored. — Butchers' Hall, Bartholomew Close, was destroyed by fire. — The old White Hart Inn,
Bishopsgate, dating from 1480, was pulled down. — Old Goldsmiths' Hall was demolished. —
William Hazhtt resided at No. 3 Bouverie Street. — Old Bethlehem, a thoroughfare running along the
north of the former grounds of Bethlehem Hospital, having been rebuilt and widened, took its name
of Liverpool Street (Bishopsgate) from Lord Liverpool. — The " City Canal," through the Isle of Dogs,
which had been constructed by the Corporation, having proved a failure, it was sold to the West India
Dock Company. — Towards the close of this year the Guildhall Library contained 2,800 volumes,
and nearly 2,000 prints and 100 drawings, chiefly topographical views and portraits of civic celebrities.
— The new police system for the metropolis was introduced. — The standards presented by the
Corporation to the Light Horse Volunteers in 1780 were lodged in the Tower. The colours
were given in token of the City's appreciation of the aid rendered by the Volunteers at the time of the
Gordon Riots.
1830.
MAN was badly injured by one of the leopards in the Tower
menagerie (2 Jan., 1830). — The House of Commons passed an Act
estabHshing a horse market at West Smithfield every Thursday
(Ap.). — The Cominon Council decided to petition for mitigation of
the laws relating to capital punishment (28 May), and on 17 June
further resolved to petition for relief from the "oath of adjuration against the
Pretender and his successors," and against " the too common use of oaths
generally." — King George IV died 26 June, and on the 28th William IV was
proclaimed, with the customary ceremonies at Chancery Lane, Wood Street,
Royal Exchange, and Aldgate.
Addresses of the usual loyal character were agreed to by the Court of Mayor and Aldermen and
by the Common Council. But a Common Hall, held on 28 July, voted for presentation to His Majesty
a lengthy document which reprobated fulsome adulation, and informed the King that " in the year in
which your Majesty was born (1765) only eight millions of taxes were imposed upon the people of this
country. At the present time at least sixty millions of taxes are annually wrung from the industry of
the people." The war with France and America and the increase of poverty and crime were deplored.
As the King refused to receive this address upon the throne, the livery declined to present it.
Peter Bossy, condemned for perjury, stood in the pillory at the Old Bailey on
22 June, being the last person so punished in London. — At the General Election,
the following members were returned for the City : Aldermen Wood, Waithman,
and Thompson, and Mr. W. Ward. — A public meeting at the City of London
Tavern congratulated the people of Paris on the recent revolution. The Duke of
Wellington ordered the Tower Ditch to be widened four feet, to prepare for the
extra water expected to rush up the river on the removal of old London Bridge
(Oct.). — Alderman John Key was elected Lord Mayor. Owing to fear of riot the
King decided not to carry out his intention of visiting" the City on Lord Mayor's day.
1 66
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1830
The Lord Mayor elect had written a letter on his own initiative to the Duke of ^^'ellington,
warning him to provide a guard for his person when proceeding to Guildhall on the 9th, as there were
rumours of a design to attack his grace. This letter, coupled with other information, induced the
Ministry to advise the King's abstention from the proposed visit, and Sir Robert Peel wrote to that
effect to the Lord Mayor elect on Sunday, the yth. The letter was published on Monday ; great alarm
spread over the Metropolis, business was suspended, the funds fell three per cent., the Tower
moat was flooded by way of precaution, the guards at the Bank were doubled. On Monday
Old church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West.
a mob marched through the City to Westminster, where a conflict with the " new police," as they were
called, took place. Tuesday saw a renewal of the disturbances in the West End. Some of the rioters
diverted themselves by standing within Temple Bar and pelting the Metropolitan Police, who were
stationed outside the City boundary. Shops in St. Paul's Churchyard, Ludgate Hill, and Fleet Street
were kept closed. In the Court of Aldermen, held on the 9th (Tuesday), the Lord Mayor expressed
regret at his hasty letter to the Duke. On Wednesday confidence was restored, and many people
amused themselves by inspecting the magnificent but abortive decorations at the Guildhall. During
the disturbances some five or six hundred constables were on duty in the City, including firemen,
ticket-porters, and tackle-porters.
The Common Council resolved to petition the House of Commons for repeal
of the duty on sea-borne coal (25 Nov.). — The objectionable passage in the
inscription on the Monument relating to the alleged Papist connection with the
A.D. 1830-1 Modern History of the City of London. 167
Fire of London ("seel furor Papisticus qui tarn dira patravit nondum restinguitur "),
was ordered by the Common Council to be removed (6 Dec). — An Act was
passed for enabling persons to take the oath according to the forms of their
own religion (10 Dec). — The Council were now considering the desirability of
making the Gresham lectures more available to the public.
In excavating for the new Goldsmiths' Hall, a stone altar to Diana, 23 inches high, was discovered.
It is now preserved in Goldsmiths' Hall. — The "City Theatre,'' opened in Grub Street circa 1830,
proved a failure. Grub Street now changed its name to Milton Street. — Bartholomew Chapel, used as
a Dissenting place of worship, was destroyed by fire. It had once formed part of the old Priory.
— Sir Thomas Lawrence the distinguished painter, was buried at St. Paul's. — The Sailors' Home
in East Smithfield was founded. — Old St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, having been taken down, the
materials were put up to auction in 1829 and 1830. The sales included an iron standard, with copper
vase, said to be 850 years old, a statue of Queen Elizabeth with crown and sceptre, and a stained glass
painting of St. Matthew. — Steamboat traffic had largely increased ; competition had reduced the fare
between London and Calais to ^s. and even jjS. — The number of steam-vessels connected with the Port
of London was about fifty. — The City Gas Company maintained about 8,000 lamps, and its mains
extended 50 miles. — The average number of oxen sold at Smithfield annually was r 5 6, 000 ; of sheep and
lambs, 1,500,000; of calves, 21,000; of hogs, 20,000; the total value being estimated at ^^8,000,000.
183I.
«HE anti-Catholic inscription on the Monument [see 6 Dec, 1830),
was removed 26 Jan., 1831. — The Reform Bill, introduced in the
House of Commons early in the year, re-introduced after the
dissolution in April, and rejected by the Lords in October,
created great enthusiasm in London.
On 4 Mar. the Common Council, in an address to the King, expressed their entire satisfaction with
the measure then before Parliament and with the conduct of Earl Grey's Government. These opinions
were confirmed by the Common Hall at a meeting on 7 Mar. Parliament was dissolved on 22 Ap. ;
and on the 27th, at the Lord Mayor's instance, the City and other parts of London were illuminated in
token of support of the Bill. At the General Election, the following members were returned for
the City : — jVldermen ^Vood, ^^'aithman, Thompson, and Venables. On 9 July Lord John Russell,
who was in charge of the Bill in the House of Commons, received the freedom. " The Bill," said
the Chamberlain, " has passed the second reading by a great majority ; and in a few days your lordship
will have the proud satisfaction of taking it up to the Lords.'' Lord Russell's reply hinted that the other
House was not likely to throw out the Bill. It was, howe^ er, rejected by the Lords, an event which was
deeply deplored in resolutions and addresses by the Common Hall and Common Council (8 and
10 Oct.).
Service was performed for the last time in the church of St. Michael,
Crooked Lane, on 20 Man, the edifice (built by Wren after the Great Fire)
having to make way for the approaches to the new bridge. The bodies were
removed from the churchyard. — Letters were now delivered (Ap.) to suburban
i68 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1831
quarters, within three miles of the General Post Office, without extra charge. — The
first stone of the new church of St. Dunstan, Fleet Street, was laid on 7 July. —
On I Aug. new London Bridge was opened by William IV and his Queen.
Business was suspended throughout the Metropolis. Great crowds cheered the King and Queen,
and other royal personages, who attended the ' inaugural ceremony. The royal pavilion, composed
of flags of all nations, was erected near the site of old Fishmongers' Hall, and was equal to the
breadth of the bridge. An awning ran from the pavilion part-way across the bridge. Their
Majesties journeyed from Somerset House by barge. The Reception Committee were attired in blue
coats with white waistcoats and trousers. The bridge was opened by their Majesties walking over
it, amid extraordinary enthusiasm. A balloon ascent took place at the same time. A banquet
followed in the pavilion, the King drinking out of a gold cup presented by the Lord Mayor, and
proposing the toast of " The trade and commerce of the City of London." The return journey was
signalized by bell-ringing, discharge of artillery, and immense cheering. A gold medal, commemorative
of the opening, was presented to the King.
The bridge, designed by John Rennie, and constructed by his son. Sir John Rennie, consists of
five semi-elliptical arches, two of 130 feet, two of 140 feet, and the centre 152 feet 6 inches in span.
The roadway has a width of 52 feet. Blue and white granite form the materials of the arches. The
piers and abutments rest on timber platforms and piles.
Seven years, five months, and thirteen days was the time /-«;> t^^l^-
occupied in the construction. Upwards of 800 workmen
were employed; 40 lives were lost. The bridge lies 180 feet
west of old London Bridge, which was left standing whilst
the new one was in course of building. The total cost of
the bridge and approaches was ^2,556,170, of which
ParHament contributed ^^192, 000. Two medals, engraved
by Benjamin Wyon, were struck by the Corporation, thus
initiating the series of medals which they have issued in
commemoration of public events. The Lord Mayor (the
Right Hon. John Key) was created a baronet, and the Sheriffs
(Chapman Marshall and William H. Poland) received the ' Sign of Boar's Head, Easicheap.
honour of knighthood.
The Lord Mayor attended King William's coronation at Westminster Abbey
(8 Sept.). — Sir John Key, Bart., was re-elected Lord Mayor for the ensuing year. —
The Irish Society was ordered by the Common Council to present annually a copy of
its resolutions, proceedings, receipts, and expenditure (27 Oct.). — Cholera made its
appearance in the north of England, the first case occurring at Sunderland, 26 Oct.
The disease thence spread in all directions. Special prayers were offered up in the
Metropolis on 6 Nov. — New regulations were introduced by the Common Council
under the provisions of the recently passed Coal Trade Act.
From 1810 to 1831 Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate, built by Sir John Crosby (died 1475), and once
inhabited by Sir Thomas More, was leased to a firm of packers. — The Boar's Head Tavern, immortalised
by Shakespeare, was demolished for the purpose of the new London Bridge approaches. The sign of
the tavern is preserved in the Guildhall Museum. — Butchers' Hall, in Bartholomew Close, was re-built.
1 em
A.D. 1832 Modern History of the City of London. 169
1832.
PILOT, who was not free of the Watermen and Lightermen's
Company, had been convicted by the Lord Mayor for navigating
a steam vessel on the Thames, and, on appeal, the conviction was
affirmed. — The Common Council awarded ^3,000 to tradesmen,
whose business had been depreciated by the altered approaches to
London Bridge (29 Mar., 1832). — Cholera had now spread to London.
The disease first made its appearance in Rotherhithe, Southwark, and Limehouse. Clergymen
were forbidden by the Bishop of London to allow bodies of persons, dying of cholera, to be brought
into any church during the funeral service. The Custom House authorities refused clean bills of health
to vessels leaving the Thames. The 21 Mar. was observed- as a national fast-day. On that day a crowd
of nearly 25,000 persons assembled in Finsbury Square, the Political Union having announced their
intention of distributing food to the poor, and of conducting processions of distressed working-people
through different parts of the Metropolis. The demonstration was dispersed, amid much confusion, by
the police. On 26 Oct. the Cholera Committee reported to the Common Council the disappearance of
the disease from the City.
The City continued to be agitated by the great Reform Bill struggle.
The resignation of Earl Grey's Ministry drew from the Common Hall an address to the King, in
which they declared that this step had spread "terror and dismay" amongst His Majesty's subjects. —
On 23 May the freedom of the City was presented to Thomas Attwood, a prominent politician of the
Midlands, for his ability in uniting the intelligent and industrious artisans and the inhabitants generally
of the Midland districts in their firm but peaceable pursuit of the great national object of Reform. In
his reply Mr. Attwood remarked of the City : " It has ever stood in the van of the people in their fight
for liberty ; and how proud shall we of Birmingham be to adopt so great a precedent ! " The Reform
Bill passed the House of Lords on 4 June. On 1 1 July the freedom was presented to Earl Grey and
Viscount Althorp (afterwards Earl Spencer) for their efforts on behalf of Parliamentary reform. The
scene was portrayed in a painting by Benjamin R. Haydon. The Corporation struck a medal in honour
of the occasion. A book, containing the signatures of the most distinguished guests at the entertainment
which followed, is preserved in the Guildhall Library. On 18 June, the anniversary of Waterloo, the
Duke of Wellington, now extremely unpopular on account of his opposition to the Reform Bill, was
taunted with abusive epithets, while riding from the Mint through Fenchurch Street and Cheapside ; in
Holborn he was even pelted with stones and mud, and had to take shelter in Lincoln's Inn. On
I Nov. the Common Council granted ;^i,5oo for the erection of almshouses to commemorate the
passing of the Reform Bill. The Reform Bill had been so framed as to leave unimpaired the rights of
the livery, amendments to that effect having been proposed by the special committee of the Common
Council and accepted by the Government.
The King's escape from injury, when struck by a stone thrown by a dis-
contented ex-pensioner, at Ascot races, formed the subject of congratulatory
addresses from the Corporation and Common Hall (June). — The Common Council
were considering a project for establishing a day and night police in the City
(June).
The City police force was remodelled. The day police comprised fourteen officers and eighty-
five constables, with some additional men to whom were assigned special duties ; the Under Marshal
I70 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1832-3
superintended the force, which was under the ultimate control of the Court of Aldermen. The
" Nightly Watch " was a distinct body, under the control of the Alderman and Common Council of
each Ward.
On 13 July the ceremony of commemoration of Sir Thomas Gresham was
revived at the church of St. Helen, Bishopsgate, of which Sir Thomas had been a
parishioner ; the service was musical. — Sir Peter Laurie was chosen Lord Mayor. —
The Committee of the House of Commons on the observance of the Sabbath-day,
reported that "a systematic and widely-spread violation of the Lord's Day" was
prevalent in London. — The Common Council voted an address of congratulation
to Sir Thomas Denman, late Common Serjeant, on his becoming Lord Chief
Justice. — At the General Election Grote, Wood, Waithman, and Key, were
returned for the City (12 Dec). — The responsibility of the Irish Society to the
City Companies was legally tested by the Skinners' Company.
The matter was carried to the House of Lords, and Lord Lyndhurst, in pronouncing judgment in
favour of the Irish Society, laid it down that they were not trustees for the private benefit of the Companies.
They were liable to the Corporation, and could be restrained, in case of misconduct, by the Corporation
or the Crown. In accordance with the provisions of this judgment, the Corporation has always
exercised a visitorial power over the Society.
The Newgate Street entrance to Christ's Hospital was opened, and the new Grammar and
Mathematical Schools, built by John Shaw, junr. — Thomas Hardy, who was tried with Home Tooke
in 1794 for high treason, was buried in Bunhill Fields, his monument being designed by John W.
Papworth. — The Bunhill Fields Burial Ground was closed this year. From 1665 to 1832 the bodies
registered as interred here numbered [23,000. — The Bank of England was stated to possess assets of
^t7>433)Ooo over and above all its liabilities.
1833-
PLOT of ground on the east side of the Tower ditch was
consecrated for a military burial place (25 Jan., 1833). — Alderman
Robert Waithman's death, on 6 Feb., occasioned general and
deep regret.
He carried on business first at the south end of Fleet ALirket, afterwards in
New Bridge Street. In 1796 he was elected on the Common Council; on five occasions he was
chosen M.P. for the City; he was elected Alderman of Farringdon Without in 18 18; served as Sheriff in
1820, and Lord Mayor in 1823-4. He figured as a strenuous opponent of free trade. The familiar
obelisk in Ludgate Circus was erected to his memory. A critic of the time censured its proportions,
and described it as " supremely contemptible."
Another notable City personage. Sir William Domville, Bart., died on 8 Feb.,
at the age of ninety.
A.D.
1833 Modern History of the City of London.
[71
He was Sheriff in 1804; elected Alderman of Queenhithe in 1805; Lord Mayor in 1813-14.
His baronetcy was conferred on the occasion of the visit to the Cit)- of the Prince Regent, the King of
Prussia and the Emperor of Russia. His portrait was painted by WiUiam Owen, for the Stationers'
Company, of which guild he was Master in 1 804 and a Liveryman for nearly seventy years.
On the death of Mr. Waithman, Mr. G. Lyall was elected M.P. in his place (27
Feb.). — The Common Council resolved to petition against the house and window
taxes (21 Mar.) and
in favour of abolition
of slavery in British
Colonies (3 Ap.). —
An epidemic of in-
fluenza, the severest
known for fifty years
past, raged in London
in April, attacking
numerous employes in
the Bank of England
andother public offices.
— The Metropolis was
agitated by the de-
mands of the National
Union of the Working
Classes. A policeman
was killed at an open-
air meeting in Cold-
bath Fields (13 May).
— On the occasion of
the charity children's
anniversary the Queen
attended service at St.
Paul's, and afterwards
accepted hospitality at
the Mansion House, where a complimentary address was presented (13 June).
The Common Council subsequently affirmed that, whilst they endorsed the
loyal sentiments of the address, it was irregular and unauthorised. — A Royal
Commission to enquire into Municipal Corporations was appointed on 18 July.
The Court of the Merchant Taylors' Company declined to tender any information to the
Commissioners on the grounds that (i) their oath of oiiSce precluded them from disclosing detailed
Portrait of Alderman Waithman.
Z 2
172 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1833-4
particulars as to the disposition of their charitable funds ; and that (2) the inquiry was inconsistent
with the security of the property and rights of the subject. The Court relied upon the legal authority
of Sir James Scarlett.
Sir John Key having retired, Mr. W. Crawford was elected, as one of the
City representatives, in his place (12 Aug.). — Much interest was aroused by a case
heard before the Lord Mayor on 11 Oct., when, at the instance of the Excise, he
ordered a large quantity of "British Leaf" i.e. elm, sloe and willow leaves, to be
burned as being an injurious imitation of tea. — Alderman Charles Farebrother was .
chosen Lord Mayor. — Blackfriars Bridge, though it had been built less than sixty-
five years, had been constantly in need of repair. It also suffered from the removal
of London Bridge, which served as a barrier against the scour of the tide.
An examination of the structure by Messrs. Walker and Surges revealed serious defects, and
repairs were ordered, which cost the Corporation ;^io5,ooo, the foundations being strengthened, the
cutwaters re-cased, and the balustrade re-placed by a solid parapet. — Fishmongers' Hall was erected,
1831-33, at the north-west corner of London Bridge, from the designs of Henry Roberts. The
splendidly decorated banqueting room is 73 feet long, 38 wide and 33 high. — The City of London
Club was built in Old Broad Street after the designs of Philip Hardwick, R.A. — The new edifice of
St. Dunstan-in-the-West was consecrated; the tower, 130 feet in height, was copied from that of St.
Helen at York. — The expense of the night-watch in the City for this year was ^42,077. It had been
about that amount for some years past.
1834.
O crowded had the streets of London become with omnibuses and
"cabriolets" that serious complaints were frequent. (1834).
A report laid before the Common Council (30 Jan.) affirmed that much
obstruction was thus occasioned, which was extremely detrimental to the interest of
traders; it proceeded to recommend application to Parliament for the establish-
ment of stands and a limitation of the number of vehicles plying for hire.
It was in December of this year that Joseph Aloysius Hansom took out a patent for his cab.
Considerable protests were raised in various City parishes against a proposed
demolition of a number of City churches, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the
Bishop of London joining in the remonstrance. — Twelve convicts attempted to
escape from Newgate by loosening the masonry of the north wall (24 Mar.).
Captain Ross was accorded the City freedom, in recognition of his bravery in
conducting an expedition to discover the north-west passage (27 Mar.). — The
Common Council decided to petition Parliament for power to enlarge Smithfield
Market, as an alternative to the erection of a Cattle Market at Islington
(10 Ap.). — On the same date the Council resolved to approach the King with a
A.D. 1834 Modern History of the City of London. i73
request to bestow a charter on the London University [University College],
conferring power to grant degrees. — A mass meeting of Lrade-Unionists, to
protest against the transportation of six Dorsetshire labourers, for administering
illegal oaths, took place at Copenhagen Fields on 2 1 Ap. — The Common Council
resolved to petition for the removal of all taxes "which interfere with the
diffusion of knowledge" (17 July). — The Queen embarked for Saxe-Meiningen
on 5 July, and was accompanied as far as Southend by the Lord Mayor and the
different Companies, in their barges. On her return (21 Aug.) she was received
at Woolwich by the civic representatives. Addresses from the Corporation
congratulated their Majesties on the Queen's safe return (27 Aug.). — Earl
Grey's retirement from office was marked by an appreciative address, which
alluded particularly to his exertions on behalf of Parliamentary Reform
(resolved 9 Aug.). — On 13 Aug. an Act for establishing the City of London
School on the site of Honey Lane Market, and out of funds derived from the
John Carpenter estates, received the royal assent. — Alderman Henry Winchester
was elected Lord Mayor. — An address to the King (agreed to on 27th) expressed
gratitude for His Majesty's hearty co-operation in the passage of the Reform
Bill. — The Central Criminal Court was established this year by the Act of
Parliament.
The judges of the Court were to be the Lord Mayor, the Lord Chancellor or the Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal, all the judges of the High Court, the Dean of Arches, the Aldermen of the City of
London, the Recorder, the Common Serjeant, and any retired judges or others whom the Crown
might appoint. Precepts for summoning jurors are usually signed by the Lord Mayor and the
Recorder. The dates of the Sessions, which are held twelve times a year, are fixed by the judges of the
High Court in consultation with the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. The duty of attending the Sessions
is borne by the Aldermen in rotation. The Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, Essex, and Kent are
charged with the execution of all precepts and process as directed by the judges. The Corporation
bears the larger part of the expense connected with the administration of justice at the Court. —
In November the Tower menagerie was removed. It occupied the site of the present refresh-
ment rooms. The collection of animals commenced in 1235, when the Emperor Frederick sent
Henry III a gift of three leopards, in token of his regal shield of arms. — In the course of
an inquiry before the Corporation Commissioners, in reference to the Dyers' Company, it was
stated that this Company kept swans on the Thames, at Richmond, Twickenham, and as far
up as Oxford, at a cost of ;^,3oo a year. — Thomas Stothard, R.A., was buried in Bunhill Fields
Burial Ground. — Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping was established for the survey
and classification of vessels. — The iron gates and railings at the entrance to Christ's Hospital were
erected. — An unusually high tide inundated the cellars of riverside houses, and over flowed the
underground stores at the Tower.
174
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1835
1835-
NCREASED facilities were introduced by the Twopenny-post
Office. (1835.)
There were now six deliveries and six collections of letters daily in London.
The country delivery of the twopenny-post was extended from 9 miles to a circle
of 12 miles from the General Post Office. Newspaper packets, open at the ends,
passed for a penny within the three-mile radius.
At the General Election, the following members were chosen for the City :
Sir Matthew Wood, James Pattison, William Crawford, and George Grote (5 Jan.).
— Alderman Sir Charles Flower, Bart. (Alderman of Cornhill 1801, Sheriff 1799,
Lord Mayor 1808), died on 15 Feb., aged 72, leaving ;^550,ooo. His fortune was
accumulated by Government contracts for provisions in time of war ; he was buried
in Aldgate churchyard. — The Common Council decided that all persons holding
corporate offices, or occupying business premises in the City, should be compelled
to take up their freedom, the redemption fee being fixed at ;^5. — A large number of
public works, mostly forming part of the scheme of approaches to London Bridge,
were in progress.
The new line of street at the western end of Cornhill had been continued ; Little Eastcheap and
Little Tower Street were being widened; Princes Street was in process of widening ; a like improvement
was contemplated for Upper Thames Street and Gracechurch Street ; a new thoroughfare was planned
through the squalid quarter of Saffron Hill. — The work of the Thames Tunnel was being successfully
continued. — The London and Birmingham Railway was daily approaching the Metropolis, and a
terminus at "Euston Grove" was projected. — New Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane, was opened 15 July;
it is 150 feet long by 100 feet broad; of Corinthian style; the exterior of Portland stone, resting on a
granite plinth ; it was designed by Philip Hardwick, R.A. — The London and Greenwich Railway was
nearing completion, 500 arches having been raised by July.
The Common Council resolved that aldermen should be subject to periodical
election every seven years (28 Mar.). — A bill-poster was reprimanded by the Lord
Mayor for posting a seditious placard on the occasion of a dinner given at Merchant
Taylors' Hall to Sir Robert Peel. — Mr. David Salomons was elected Sheriff, being
the first Jew ever raised to the office. — The first stone of the City of London
School, on the site of Honey Lane Market in Milk Street, was laid by Lord
Brougham (21 Oct.). — Alderman William Taylor Copeland was elected Lord Mayor.
— On 6 Nov. died Alderman John Thomas Thorp, Governor of the Irish Society
(Sheriff 1815, Alderman of Aldgate 181 7, Lord Mayor 1820; M.P. for the City
in 1818, and for Arundel in 1826, 1830 and 1831). — On 26 Nov. the Common
Council passed a severe vote of censure upon the late Lord Mayor Winchester,
A.D. 1835-6 Modern History of the City of London.
175
for his violation of the rules of the Council's procedure, his refusal to call Common
Halls and Courts of Common Council on requisition, and for his arrogant conduct
in the chair.
119 new companies were started in London this year, having a total capital of over ^56,000,000,
thirty-four millions being raised for railways. — The Atlas Assurance Office was erected at the corner of
King Street and Cheapside. — Much excitement reigned in the money-market, owing to the fall in
Spanish and Portuguese funds, and speculation in joint-stock enterprise. The Royal Exchange was, at
times, so packed with speculators that the beadle was compelled to drive them away before the
merchants could assemble for the transaction of business.
^ "^ «• '^''g'T ^
1836.
HE issue of fourpenny-pieces
was authorised in the Londom
Gazette of 3 Feb., 1836. — \
The Common Council voted
a subscription in relief of the
Protestant clergy in Ireland, and censured
"one branch of the Legislature" for its refusal
to introduce improved methods of tithe-pay-|
ment in Ireland (17 Feb.). — A number of
Aldgate citizens petitioned against the intrusion
of railroads. — The Common Council resolved
to petition against flogging in the army (17
Man). — Samuel Dixon, "Father of the Court'
(so termed as being the longest elected memberf
of the Common Council), died on 19 May. In
1833 he had been presented by 209 members
and officers of the Corporation with a vase _^^
bearing an inscription testifying their high
esteem. — The Council indicated their coi
viction, by a resolution of 31 May, of the '
value which municipal institutions would have'
in the case of Ireland, and expressed regret
at the rejection by the House of Lords of a
measure for the improvement of Irish municipal government. — On 22 June the
Council signified warm approval of a measure for removing religious disabilities in
the case of Jews. — The foundation-stone of the restored Crosby Hall was laid on
176 Modern History of the City of London. a.b. 1836-7
27 June. A Newgate convict, who had scaled the wall of the prison and escaped
over the roof of an adjoining house, was re-captured in Hampshire. — A movement,
set on foot by the Bishop of London, had for its object increased provision of
churches in the Metropolis ; large subscriptions were contributed to the fund
(July). The Committee of the whole court of Common Council, appointed in
Mar., 1834, to consider the question of Corporate Reform, was dissolved (13
Oct.).— Alderman Thomas Kelly was elected Lord Mayor.— The London and
Greenwich Railway was opened by the Lord Mayor on 14 Dec.
The railway was now complete from London Bridge to Deptford. The Lord Mayor and
suite rode in a special train, followed by four others, stopping every few minutes to view the line.—
The Common Council at this period were frequently occupied with the subject of railways, the
following undertakings being reported on by the Committee for Letting the City's Lands : London
and Brighton (Stephenson's line); London and Blackwall; Great Western; London and Gravesend;
Deptford; Thames Haven and Dock; London and Brighton (Rennie's line); London, Shoreham and
Brighton (Cundy's hne); London and Cambridge; London and Croydon; London and Dover; London
and Norwich; London Grand Junction.
The Common Council voted .;^500 for the relief of Polish refugees recently
arrived.
The privileges of the Copyright Act were taken away from Sion College and other libraries, and a
money compensation granted. — The total number of letters transmitted through the twopenny and
threepenny posts this year was 13,589,925.
1837.
PARLIAMENTARY Committee was appointed by the Common
Council, consisting of the Lord Mayor, the chairmen of the several
Committees, three Aldermen, and thirty Common Councilmen, one-
fourth part to retire every year. (1837.) — An epidemic of influenza
caused much dislocation of work in the public offices, many deaths
occurring in the Naval Hospital at Greenwich, the Royal Military College at
Chelsea, in workhouses, &c. — The City of London School, Milk Street, was opened
on 2 Feb. by the Lord Mayor.
The inaugural address was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Ritchie. Four hundred pupils were registered,
the first Head Master being the Rev. Dr. J. A. Giles. The building, which cost the Corporation
^20,000, was designed by Mr. J. B. Bunning, who, not long afterwards, was appointed City Surveyor.
A commemorative medal was struck by order of the Common Council. The founder of the School
was John Carpenter, " Common Clerk " of the City of London in the reign of Henry V, and a man of
superior culture for those times. He compiled the Liber Albus, and was executor to the famous Richard
Whittington. By his will he left books to be chained in the Guildhall " common hbrary " for the use
of students. He also bequeathed lands and tenements in Thames Street, Bridge Street, St. Giles-in-the-
Fields, Westcheap, and Houndsditch, for the up-bringing of four poor children. This property
A.D. 1837 Modern History of the City of London. 177
constituted the original endowment, from which the City of London School was built. The Court of
Common Council extended the bequest in 1827. In 1829 an endowment of the obsolete London
Workhouse, amounting to about ;£3oo per annum, was made over to the Corporation, who added ^2,000,
another ^1,000 being raised by subscription; the whole to be devoted to endowing a public school.
Various difficulties prevented the realisation of this scheme. Li May, 1833, the Committee for Letting
the City's lands reported that the Carpenter estates yielded p/^900 yearly, and recommended that the
money should be devoted, with the sums just referred to, to the purpose of a new school. An Act was
passed on 1 3 Aug., 1 834, to this effect, and directed that the site of Honey Lane Market should be utilised.
The school was to have for its object "the religious and virtuous education of boys, and instructing them
in the higher branches of literature and all other useful learning." The first and second masters were
to be certified as to proper qualifications by six professors of King's College and University College.
An attempt was made at the East India House to assassinate Mr. Loch,
deputy-chairman of the Company (15 Mar.). — The Commissioners of Inquiry into
the Municipal Corporations of England and Wales presented a special supple-
mentary report, prepared by their late Chairman, Sir Francis Palgrave, upon the
institutions of the City of London (25 Ap.). — A petition was agreed to by the
Common Council in favour of a fair and just equalisation of the land tax. — Under
the presidency of the Lord Mayor a public meeting was held at the Mansion
House to consider means for alleviating the distress among the population of the
Western Highlands, the superseding of kelp by barilla in manufactures being a
leading cause of the destitution. — King William IV^ died early in the morning of
20 June. The Lord Mayor and Aldermen attended upon the Princess Victoria at
Kensington Palace, and joined in the signature of the declaration of her accession.
The civic dignitaries attended at St. James's Palace on 21 June to hear the Queen proclaimed
by Garter King-at-Arms, and then, forming in procession, returned to the City to proclaim the
Sovereign's accession in the customary form. — On Friday, 23 June, the Common Council resolved
on an address to Her Majesty, acknowledging the mercy of Providence " in prolonging the life of
our late beloved Monarch to a period when your Majesty, under the maternal care of your illustrious
parent, became qualified to fill the throne of this great Empire." A similar address was presented from
the Court of Mayor and Aldermen, and another followed on 5 July from the Common Hall. — The Queen
was present at the Mayoralty banquet on 9 Nov. Her progress through the City was greeted with deafening
cheers and bell-ringing, the house-fronts being decorated with bunting and greenery. At St. Paul's,
where booths and stands were erected for the members of City Companies and the boys of Christ's
Hospital, the royal carriage halted while the senior scholar of Christ's Hospital delivered an address of
congratulation. Her Majesty wore a pink satin dress, shot with silver, her head being adorned with a
diamond circlet. On her arrival at Guildhall the Recorder read an address of congratulation. The
banquet which followed is represented in the well-known etching by Thomas Deighton. The
Corporation struck a commemorative medal.
Mr. Moses Montefiore was chosen Sheriff; Aid. Salomons (1835) and he were the
first Jews to serve the office. — The first stone of the Leathersellers' Company's new
almshouses at Barnet was laid on 25 July. — At the General Election, the four repre-
sentatives elected for the City were Grote, Wood, Crawford, and Pattison (22 July).
— A meeting was held at the "King's Head," Poultry, in aid of the distressed Paisley
178
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1837-8
weavers. — The Gresham Lectures continued this year to occupy the attention of
the Common Council. It was arranged (5 Oct.) that the Music and Astronomy
Lectures should be delivered in the Theatre of the City of London School. — The
Council resolved on a petition for reduced and equalised postage. — Alderman John
Burning of Second Royal Exchange.
Cowan was elected Lord Mayor.— The Common Council voted in favour of the
repeal of the duties on fire, life, and marine insurance policies. — St. Paul's
Cathedral was opened to the public free of charge (14 Dec).
A new roof was placed on the church of St. Sepulchre, Old Bailey.
1838.
CONSIDERABLE improvements had recently been made in
the gaol of Newgate ; the prisoners' quarters enlarged ;
separate confinement partially introduced ; silence enforced ;
hot and cold baths furnished, etc. — The Royal Exchange
was burned clown on 10 Jan., 1838.
A.D. 1838
Modern History of the City of London.
179
This was the second Exchange. It was built by Edward Jarman, and was (juadrangular in plan.
The chief features were, a wooden clock-tower on the south; an inner cloister; a "pawn," or upper floor,
above for the sale of gloves, ribbons etc. ; statues, in niches, of various sovereigns, from Edward I
onwards, mostly executed by Caius Gabriel Gibber ; Gresham's statue, carved by Edward Pierce ; and
Charles Il's, by GrinHng Gibbons. The fire began in Lloyd's Rooms shortly after 10 p.m. The last
air, played by the chimes at midnight, was " There's nae luck about the house." The conflagration was
Secontl Royal Exchange (E.xterior).
seen at a distance of 24 miles. — Among the items of the sale of salvage may be noted sixteen statues,
the porter's large hand-bell (rung daily before the closing of the Exchange), City griftins, figures of
Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, etc. The grasshopper vane was not included in the sale.
Lord Denman's decision in a long-pending case established the right of the
Watermen's Company to regulate the speed of steam vessels between London
Bridge and Limehouse Reach; the Company's by-laws laid down a maximum of
five miles per hour (16 Jan.). — A severe frost, lasting from 20 Jan. to 6 Feb.,
produced a block on the Thames ; people crossed the frozen river below bridge ;
skittles were played opposite the Custom House ; fires were lighted anci
refreshments sold on the ice. — The freedom was this year conferred upon two
distinguished men.
AA
i8o Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1838
I. Mr. Andrew Stevenson, the American Minister in London; he intimated, however (22 Feb.),
that his position as citizen of the United States precluded him from accepting the honour. 2. Mr.
Thomas Clarkson, in recognition of his exertions in securing the suppression of the slave-trade. On
account of his advanced age Mr. Clarkson was admitted privately to the freedom at the Mansion House
(15 Apr.). A bust of the philanthropist was executed by order of the Corporation.
Arcades of Second Royal Exchange.
London was at this time terrorised by the extraordinary antics of " Spring-
heeled Jack," who specially selected women for attack (Feb.).— Sir Richard Carr
Glyn, Bart., the well-known banker, died on 27 Ap., aged eighty-three.
He was elected Alderman of Bishopsgate, 1790; Sheriff, 1790; Lord Mayor, 1798-9; M.P. for
St. Ives, 1796-1802 ; created a Baronet, 1820; became Father of the Corporation in 1829 on removing
to Bridge 'Ward AMthout ; President of Bridewell and Bethlehem Hospitals.
Sir Robert Peel was entertained at Merchant Taylors' Hall by 300 Conservative
Members of Parliament (12 May).— Queen Victoria's Coronation took place on
28 June. The Corporation gave a banquet, in honour of the event, at the
Guildhall on 1 3 July ; the guests including the Ambassadors, the Duke of
Wellington and Marshal Soult, the two latter being toasted together. — The
A.D. 1838-9 Modern Histoiy of the City of London.
181
Common Council voted /500 towards the expense of a statue to the Duke of
Wellington, in appreciation of his services in obtaining for the citizens the London
Bridge Approaches Act (19 July). — The first stone of an extension of Bethlehem
Hospital was laid by Sir P. Laurie (26 July). — A new synagogue, erected on the
site of warehouses belonging to the East India Company, in Great St. Helen's,
was opened by the Chief Rabbi on 13 Sept. — Alderman Atkins died 26 Oct.,
aged seventy-eight.
He was Alderman of Walbrook, 1808; Sheriff, 1809; Lord Mayor, 1818; M.P. for Arundel,
1808, 1826, 1830, 1831, and for the City in 1812. At first a Whig, he subsequently opposed
Parliamentary Reform.
Alderman Samuel Wilson was elected Lord Mayor.
Improvements were effected in Eastcheap, Little Tower Street, and Gracechurch Street ; Upper
Thames Street was widened from Eastcheap to Fish-Street-Hill. Smithfield was repaved over an area
of six acres, and the rails and pens were re-arranged. — The husting platform was removed from the east
end of Guildhall, and three old figures of Edward VI and Charles I and his Queen were placed there in
niches ; these figures had formerly adorned the front of the Guildhall Chapel. — The London and
Westminster Bank was erected in Lothbury, 1837-8, from designs by C. R. Cockerell, R.A., and Sir
W. Tite. — The enforcement of the Act passed by the Common Council with reference to the licensing
of carts was entrusted to the General Purposes Committee.
i«39.
■^>JfHE Metropolitan Railway was opened to the public from Farringdon
Street to Paddington (10 Jan., 1863). — The Common Council agreed
(22nd) to enlarge the Freemen's Orphan School, so as to provide
for 150 instead of 100 children. — The Rev. C. H. Spurgeon,
whose Tabernacle had recently been completed, preached at
Broad Street Chapel (i i Feb.). — The Prince of Wales was admitted to the freedom
of the Fishmongers' Company (12th). — The Common Council instructed the
Finance Committee to dispose of the 2,000 shares which the Corporation held in
the Metropolitan Railway Company (19th). — Mr. Daniel Whittle Harvey, first
Commissioner of the City Police, died on 24 Feb. in his 80th year. — The
Corporation made elaborate preparations for the reception of the Princess
Alexandra on her arrival in England, inviting the co-operation of the Commissioners
of Lieutenancy, the Livery Companies, the Honourable Artillery Company, and
the commanding officers of the Royal London Militia and the several volunteer
regiments of the City.
Princess Alexandra arrived at Gravesend on 7 Mar., being met by the Prince of Wales, who
escorted the Princess from the Royal yacht, " Victoria and Albert." On the arrival of the Royal train
at Bricklayers' Anns Station, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs were introduced to the Prince and Princess,
and thenceforward they became responsible for their safe conduct as far as Temple Bar. A long and
imposing procession was formed in which the principal City Companies took part. The civic pro-
cession, headed by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, was followed by six Royal carriages containing
the Royal party and their suite, escorted by detachments of Horse and Life Guards. The streets
AD. 1863 Modern History of the City of London. 235
were densely crowded with spectators, and the route was festooned with flags and other decorations,
the most elaborate display being reserved for London Bridge. Here, in addition to the Venetian
masts surmounted by the Danish emblems, castellated elephants and ravens, medallions of the ancient
kings of Denmark, and a hundred tripods stored with incense, was the towering triumphal arch, seventy
feet high, near Fishmongers' Hall. This arch spanned the entire roadway and was resplendent with
numerous allegorical devices, statues, and other ornaments ; its enormous centre-piece in gold and
colours, displayed Britannia and various gods and goddesses, and a colossal equestrian group in
plaster formed its finial ornament. The numerous craft in the river were gaily decked out and crowded
with spectators. The greatest crush in the streets was at the Mansion House, where a bouquet was
presented to the Princess by the Lady Mayoress, who was attended by eight young ladies. A series
of galleries had been erected in St. Paul's Churchyard, accommodating 10,000 persons, and Temple
Bar was converted into a triumphal arch, the upper part representing a tent of cloth of gold. Here
the City Deputation took leave of the Royal procession. A medal was afterwards struck by the
Corporation in commemoration of the event.
At night the City was brilliantly illuminated. Unfortunately, the occasion did
not pass without some serious accidents, and the procession was more than once
broken up by the crowd. On the night of the illuminations several persons were
crushed to death. This led to a warm controversy between the Home Office
and the City. Returns of the accidents were moved for in the House of Com-
mons, and Sir George Grey introduced a Bill for amalgamating the City and
Metropolitan police, which was strongly opposed by the City. A great meeting
was held at the Guildhall, and in the end the Home Secretary's Bill was thrown out
on the ground of non-compliance with standing orders. On the Monday following
the Reception (9 Mar.) the Lord Mayor, accompanied by the Royal Reception
Committee, waited upon the Princess Alexandra at Windsor, and, on behalf of
the Corporation, presented Her Royal Highness with a diamond necklace and
ear-rings, of the value of ^10,000. — The Common Council (12 Mar.) voted an
address of congratulation to the Queen and "compliments of congratulation"
to the Prince and Princess of Wales. The Prince and Princess of Wales were
entertained by the Corporation at the Guildhall on 8 June.
The Prince having been presented with the freedom of the City, in a gold box, the Lord Mayor
led off the ball with Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra, immediately in front of the haut pas
in the great Hall, and the Prince of ^^'ales with the Lady Mayoress. Prince Alfred, the Duke of
Cambridge, the Prince of Orange, the Duke of Manchester, Lord Granville, the Princess Mary of
Cambridge, and other distinguished personages, joined in the dance. Supper was laid for sixty in the
Council Chamber. Upon the Royal table was a silver-gilt plateau and service, which formerly belonged
to Louis Phillipe, King of the French, and a number of gold plates and dishes made for the Queen of
Spain. The dessert plates had in the centre the Prince's plume and the City Arms. The City
Companies lent their cups and salvers, scarcely anything but gold appearing in the Royal buffet ;
almost the only exception was the Pepys' cup, with its exquisite chasing. The whole entertainment
was carried out on the most lavish scale, at a cost of about ^15,000. The Royal visitors left the
Guildhall with an escort of Life Guardsmen, the route from Marlborough House to the City being
brilliantly illuminated.
HH 2
236 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1863
The foundation stone of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway Bridge,
Blackfriars, was laid by Lord Sondes, chairman of the Company (2 May). Much
excitement was caused by the proposal of this Company to throw a bridge across
Ludgate Hill, which would shut out the west view of St. Paul's, and be otherwise
a great disfigurement from an architectural and sesthetic point of view. The
Common Council (7 May) instructed the Improvement Committee to continue its
opposition to the proposed viaduct. Unfortunately, the opposition was unavailing,
and the engineering atrocity was perpetrated.
Punch, in an article headed " Surgery in ttie City," said the London, Chatham and Dover Railway
Company will, unless restrained by Parliament from accomplishing their design, adorn the Metropolis
of England with a structure which will be interesting to surgeons. 'J'he tunnel which they were going to
build over Ludgate Hill would be a greater eye-sore than any case in the Ophthalmic Hospital.
On the 2 1st, Col. James Fraser, Chief Constable of Berkshire, was elected
Commissioner of the City Police. — The British Orphan Asylum held a bazaar,
which was opened by the Prince of Wales, at the Guildhall (11, 12, and 13 June).
— Rev. William Rogers, M.A., late incumbent of St. Thomas, Charterhouse,
was inducted to the Rectory of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate (26th). — The Lord
Mayor gave a banquet at the Mansion House to Earl Derby and his political
supporters (i July). Lord Derby referred to "the scandalous monopoly by
which the Liberal party monopolised the whole of the four seats of the
City." — Mr. Edward Tyrrell resigned the office of Reinembrancer on the
ground of ill-health (2 July). — The Prince of Wales received the freedom of
the Mercers' Company (8th). The Times tells an amusing story about the
Prince being put down at the side entrance in Ironmonger Lane, and received
by an old lady who was looking out for some one else, instead of by the
Master and Wardens who were waiting in state at the front door in Cheapside. —
A national subscription was opened at the Mansion House in co-operation with
the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, with a view to embellishing the Cathedral
according to the original design of Sir Christopher Wren. — The long-pending
dispute between Mr. Kay Dimsdale and the Saddlers' Company was settled in
the House of Lords (28th).
The Saddlers' Company had ejected Mr. Dimsdale on the ground that he was actually insolvent
before he was admitted to the Court of Assistants. Their lordships issued a mandamus directing the
wardens to restore Mr. Dimsdale to his office.
The Fishmongers presented the freedom of their Company to the Duke of
Cambridge (i Aug.). — The first pile of the temporary wooden bridge at Blackfriars
was driven on 7th Aug. — About this time the City police adopted the helmet in
A.D. 1863 Modern History of the City of London. -^Zl
place of the old-fashioned civilian's tall hat. — Mr. Richard Lambert Jones died at
Lowestoft (i6th). He had been for thirty-one years a member of the Common
Council, and had been prominently associated with the building of London Bridge
and the Royal Exchange, and the establishment of the Guildhall Library. The
following letter was addressed by the Duke of Wellington to Mr. Jones :
"London, Aug. 19, 1839. — The Duke of Wellington presents his compliments to Mr. Jones, and
regrets that he should have taken the trouble to write to him, for he has not been able to read his
handwriting.''
The Irish Society was present at the opening of the new Derry Bridge by the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (26th). — Alderman William Lawrence was elected Lord
Mayor (29th). — On i Oct. a letter was read from Mr. James Bunstone Bunning,
resigning the office of Architect and Surveyor, after twenty years' service. His
death was announced shortly afterwards (5 Nov.). Mr. Bunning had designed
the Freemen's Orphan School, Billingsgate Market, the Coal Exchange, the new
Cattle Market (Islington), the City Prison at Holloway, the City of London Lunatic
Asylum (Stone), and other important buildings, of the aggregate cost of about
.2^^750,000. — The death of Mr. George Hitchcock, head of the firm in St. Paul's
Churchyard, and a zealous supporter of the Young Men's Christian Association,
and the Early Closing Association, occurred on the 3rd Oct. — William Anthony,
supposed to be the last of the "Charlies," died on the 13th. — About this time
the Salters' Almshouses, in Monkwell Street, established under the will of Sir
Ambrose Nicholas, Kt. (1641), and re-built after the Fire in 1666, were taken
down for warehouses. — The Post Office Savings Bank was removed from St.
Martin's-le-Grand to 27, St. Paul's Churchyard (29th). — The Common Council
instructed the General Purposes Committee to apply for a mandamus to compel
St. Bartholomew's Hospital to allow the Lord Mayor to take his seat as President
(5 Nov.). — The Corporation were ordered to pay ^^^31,715 to the Guardians of the
West London Union, for the removal of the Workhouse grounds in West Street,
Smithfield, to make way for the western approach to the new Meat and Poultry
Markets (6th). — The Common Council agreed to the erection of artizans' dwellings
on a portion of their ground in Victoria Street (afterwards called Farringdon Road),
at an estimated cost of ^20,000, to be provided out of the Finsbury Estate Surplus
Fund (19th). — St. Bride's Church was re-opened after extensive alterations (29th). —
A great fire occurred in Wood Street and Milk Street (20 and 21 Dec). The
estimated losses were upwards of ^100,000. — During this year the Blackfriars Bridge
Act was passed, authorising the Corporation to raise on the credit of the Brido-e
House Estates, a sum of .^300,000 for rebuilding the Bridge.
238
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1864
1864.
=»T was announced (2 Jan., 1864) that the site of the old Fleet
Prison, Farringdon Road, latterly used as the City stone-yard,
had been given up to the London, Chatham and Dover
Railway Company, the stone-yard being removed to the "Finsbury
Estate," in the neighbourhood of Worship Street. An agreement
was sealed by the Corporation (21 Ap.), the Railway Company paying ^60,000
for the site. — The Princess of Wales was delivered of a son (8 Jan.). The Common
Council, on the 12th, voted an address to the Queen congratulating Her Majesty
on the happy event, and " compliments of congratulation " were passed to the
Prince and Princess of Wales. — On the 14th, Mr. William Corrie, magistrate
at Bow Street Police Court, was elected Remembrancer. — Early in Feb. Messrs.
Edwin Fox & Bousfield sold the premises occupied by the Colonial Life
Office, at the western end of Lombard Street, at the rate of one million and
three-quarters sterling per acre. — Five of the seven pirates convicted of the
murder of the Captain of the " Flowery Land " were executed in front of
Newgate (22nd), amid the usual scenes of disgraceful levity on the part of the
crowd. — The Prince of Wales attended the public supping of the Bluecoat boys
at Christ's Hospital (25th). — Mr. Horace Jones was elected architect, surveyor and
clerk of the City's works (26th). — Barbican Chapel, an old-established Noncon-
formist place of worship, held its closing services (28th), the site being required for
the Metropolitan Railway. — At least 250 persons lost their lives by an inundation
in the neighbourhood of Sheffield. The Common Council voted 400 guineas in
aid of the sufferers ( 1 7 Mar.). — A marble bust of the late Earl Canning, by Mr. Noble,
was placed in the Loggia at Guildhall (17th). — On i Ap. Smithfield was hoarded
in, prior to the sale of the pens, and the excavations for the goods station under-
neath the proposed Meat and Poultry Market. — A vote of thanks was passed by
the Common Council (7th) to Sir Moses Montefiore for the signal services rendered
by him to the cause of humanity. — Petitions were presented from a number of
wards and parishes praying the Corporation to sanction the erection of baths and
washhouses in the City. — Garibaldi, having made a public entry into London
amidst an extraordinary demonstration of popular enthusiasm, was presented with
the freedom of the City, in a gold box, on the 20th. An immense crowd assembled
in the streets around the Guildhall, and the press was so great that Menotti, the
A.D. 1864 Modern History of the Gity of London. 239
son of the ItaHan patriot, was unable to gain admission. Menotti was to have
received the gold box, on behalf of his father, who had previously said that as he
had always refused any gifts he could not make an exception. Garibaldi was
entertained at a banquet at the Fishmongers' Hall on the following day. The Lord
Mayor received several letters from Italian municipalities, including those of Santa
Maria and Capua, expressing the thanks of the inhabitants for the warm and
generous reception accorded to Garibaldi. — The Emperor of Russia presented the
Corporation with a copy of the "Bibliorum Codex Sinaiticus" (recently published,
at his expense, at Constantinople), which was placed in the Guildhall Library. —
Amongst the many houses undergoing demolition at this time (14 May), for the
purposes of the new Markets and Metropolitan Railway extension at Smithfield, was
that in which once resided, and where died, Richard Baxter, author of the "Saint's
Everlasting Rest." This was on the eastern side of Charterhouse Lane, near the
Charterhouse. — The Common Council resolved to assist the Commissioners of
Sewers (the rating body for the City) in carrying out important street improve-
ments. The Improvement Committee was instructed (19th) to confer with the
Commissioners and report from time to time as to the amounts which they
recommended should be paid out of the City's cash towards such objects. This
was continuing an old practice of the Court, and it is only necessary to mention
that from the year 1780 a sum of ^186,031 had been expended in this way. — The
new Almshouses of the Salters' Company, at Watford, erected at a cost of about
^8,000, were opened on the 18th. — On the 26th, Mr. Tyrrell, late Remembrancer,
offered to the Corporation a collection of transcripts of records relating to the City
from the British Museum and Public Record Office, which was subsequently pur-
chased. — Extensive alterations were in progress (28th) in the church of St. Mary
the Virgin, Aldermanbury, during the course of which the vaults were filled in.
In dosing the vault of the notorious Judge Jeffreys the workmen discovered a small brass plate
affixed to the wall, inscribed as follows: "The Honourable Mrs. Mary Dive, oldest daughter of the
Right Honourable George Lord Jeffrey, Baron of Wern and Lord High Chancellor of England
by Ann his lady, daughter of Thomas Bludworth, sometime Lord Mayor of the City of London,
died 4 Oct , 1711, in the 31st year of her age." The brass was inserted in the wall of the north aisle.
A temporary foot-bridge at Blackfriars, erected at a cost of ^42,125, was
opened for traffic on i June. — On the 12th a funeral service was held at South
Place Chapel in memory of the late Mr. W. J. Fox, who had been for upwards
of forty years its minister. — The Bishop of London divided the City into two
urban or rural deaneries, eastern and western. — The Holborn Valley Improvement
Act received the Royal assent on the 23rd.
240 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1864
The scheme comprised a high level street to be carried on a viaduct, commencing at Ely Court,
Holborn Hill, and extending to the Old Bailey, with streets branching from it at either end into
Farringdon Road ; the widening of Shoe Lane ; and the altering of the levels of the streets over which
the Viaduct was to pass.
The freedom of the City was voted to Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy, a Bombay
merchant, in recognition of his munificent gifts to various charitable institutions
of the City and the MetropoHs at large. — Omnibus fares between the Angel and
the Post Office and London Bridge were reduced from fourpence to threepence
(2 July). — The foundation stone of the Thames Embankment was laid on the 8th.
— The Prince of Wales was presented with the freedom of the Clothworkers'
Company (ii July). — The Corporation, at the invitation of the Metropolitan
Board of Works, inspected the works for the main drainage of the Metropolis
(25th). — Milton's house in Barbican was removed for the Metropolitan Railway.
— A great fire occurred in Gresham Street, destroying the ancient and stately
hall of the Haberdashers' Company and many valuable carvings and paintings.
Some costly pictures and oak carvings were however saved. The adjoining
premises of Tapling and Co. and Hellaby and Son were burned down, the loss
being estimated at from ^150,000 to ^200,000 (19th). — The church of St.
Giles, Cripplegate, was re-opened, after restoration, as a national monument to
the poet Milton (17th). — Deputy Penning (Cheap), the oldest member of the
Corporation, died (27th). — The trial train, containing a number of the directors
of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway and others, passed over the
new Blackfriars Bridge to Ludgate Station (6 Oct.). This was the first railway
train which had come within the bounds of the City proper. The line was
opened for traffic 20 Dec. — The Common Council decided to accept a proposal
of the Southwark Bridge Company to open the bridge to the public, free
of toll, for six months for the sum of .^1,834, and with the option of continuing
the opening for twelve months for a further sum of .^^"2,750. The brido-e was
opened, free of toll, on 8 Nov. — Alderman Warren Stormes Hale was elected Lord
Mayor.— Mr. P. O. Martin, one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Charities, opened an
official inquiry into the foundation, endowments, and objects of Bridewell Hospital
and King Edward's Schools, and the present circumstances of these charities.
—During the year one of Dr. Salviati's mosaics was set up in St. Paul's
Cathedral. It was a representation of Isaiah writing his prophecies. The design
was by Mr. A. Stevens.
A.D. 1865 Modern History of the City of London. 241
1865.
'SOi _ T> '^^R_ EDWARD CONDER, late Alderman of Bassishaw Ward, died
12 Jan., 1865. — Mr. Alderman and Sheriff Besley announced in the
Court of Aldermen that the Sheriffs had altered the day for the
execution of criminals in front of Newgate, from Monday to
Wednesday, the existing arrangement having led to much desecra-
tion of the Sabbath (7 Feb.). — A great watch and jewel robbery took place at Mr.
Walker's, 63, Cornhill (5th), the loss amounting to ^6,000. ^1,400 worth of the
stolen jewellery was recovered. A number of Mr. Walker's gold watches were
afterwards fished up from the Thames, near Blackfriars Bridge. This and a
number of other burglaries gave rise to considerable alarm as to the insecurity
of property in the City, and at a special meeting of the Court of Aldermen held
on the 14th, it was decided to increase the pay of the poHce. — At the meeting of
the Common Council on 9 Feb., the death of Mr. William Turner Alchin, the
City Librarian, was announced, and shortly afterwards Mr. W. H. Overall was
appointed to succeed him in the office. — On 18 Mar. two official reports on the
gas supply of the City were published. This subject had for some time excited
a considerable amount of interest in the City, and meetings were held to denounce
the action of the gas companies in raising the price of this commodity. The Special
Gas Committee of the Commissioners of Sewers issued one of the reports and the
other had been jointly prepared by Mr. Haywood, Engineer to the Commission, and
Dr. Letheby, the Medical Officer of Health, and Gas Analyst to the City.
From these reports it appeared that three companies were now supplying gas in the City : —
I. The Chartered Company, incorporated 1810; 2. The City of London Company, incorporated 181 7;
3. The Great Central Company, incorporated 1851. In 1823 the price of gas was i^s. per thousand
and in 1848 it was 6s. In the latter year the Commission endeavoured in vain to persuade the
companies to lower the price to 4^'. In 1849 a Bill was brought into Parliament for the incorporation
of the Great Central Gas Consumers' Company, but the Bill was lost. The same year, however, the
companies then supplying the City reduced the price to 4^. The Great Central Company obtained
leave of the Commission (7 Dec, 1849), 'o lay pipes in the City, the company having entered into an
undertaking never to charge more than 4^'. per thousand cubic feet for gas, the agreement being
ratified by an indenture on 12 Feb., 1850. For ten years the maximum price was 4^., and the
illuminating power of the gas had been raised from twelve to fourteen wax candles. After considerable
agitation in 18159 and i860, the Metropolis Gas Act (i860) was passed, which made an end of com-
petition. This Act enabled the company to raise the price, and on 31 Jan., 1861, the charge was
4s. 6d., while the quality of the gas was inferior.
Mr. Philip Cazenove presented the Corporation with a full-length portrait of
Mr. Geo. Peabody, by H. W. Pickersgill, R.A. (23rd).— The Rev. Dr. Mortimer
resigned his position as Head Master of the City of London School (6 Ap.). — The
1 1
?42
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1865
Court agreed to purchase a private collection of Roman and other antiquities found
within the City during the last fifteen years, at a cost not exceeding ^200. — It
was decided that Southwark Bridge should continue open free of toll for another
period of six months on the terms already stated. — News was received (26th)
of the assassination of President Lincoln. There was great excitement on the
Stock Exchange and
throughout the City. On
the following day the
Common Council passed
a resolution expressing
its profound sympathy
with the people of the
United States, and re-
cording its detestation
of the atrocious crime.
— The Prince of Wales
dined at Fishmongers'
Hall (10 June).— At a
special Court of Com-
mon Council (15 June) it
was announced that the
Princess of Wales had
given birth to a prince (3
June). The usual address
totheOueenand "compli-
ments" to the Prince and
Princess of Wales were
voted and presented. —
The Court granted ^500
for restoring the founda-
tions of the Mansion view from St. Paul's Pier, Southwark Bridge in distance.
House, the cost of which operation up to May, 1866, was ^7,500. — The Corporation
resolved to place a bust of the late Mr. Cobden, in the Council Chamber, at a cost
not exceeding ;^2oo (15th). — The Remembrancer announced the appointment of a
Commission for building the Courts of Justice, and Mr. Alderman James Clarke
Lawrence, M.P., was selected as the nominee of the Corporation for appointment
on the Commission.— On the 24th it was reported that, since the recent jewel
A.D. 1865 Modern History of the City of London.
243
robberies in the City, fifteen of the principal firms in Cornhill had jointly availed them-
selves of the services of members of the Corps of Commissionaires, for the protection
of their shops and houses at night and on Sundays. — The City Parliamentary election
resulted in the return (11 July) of G. J. Goschen, 7,102 ; R. \V. Crawford, 7,086 ;
Alderman W. Lawrence, 6,637 ; and Baron Lionel de Rothschild, 6,525. The
unsuccessful candidates were Mr. George Lyall, who polled 4,197 votes, and Mr.
R. N. Fowler who received 4,086 votes.— On the 20th the Lord Mayor laid the first
stone of the new Blackfriars Bridge, the ceremony being followed by a banquet at
Old Blackfriars Bridge, about 1800.
the Mansion House. — The Rev. Edwin Abbott Abbott, M.A., Second Master at
Clifton College, was elected Head Master of the City of London School (25th). —
A new workhouse for the poor chargeable to the West London Union, was opened
at Holloway (29th). The aged paupers were removed to the new house from the
old building in Smithfield. — About this time the catde disease was making extensive
ravages throughout the Metropolis, and a meeting of medical officers of health,
veterinary surgeons, cattle salesmen and others, convened by the Markets Committee
of the Corporation, was held at the Mansion House, at which a Committee was
appointed to take whatever steps might be deemed necessary. The Metropolitan
Cattle Plague Committee held numerous meetings, and a special meeting of the
Common Council was convened. A Compensation Fund was started, which, on
5 Oct., amounted to nearly ^1,600. The Lord Mayor, accompanied by the members
1 1 2
244 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1865
of the Markets Committee, had an interview with the Lords of the Council at
Whitehall, and was informed that a Royal Commission for the purpose of inquiring
into the question of the Cattle Plague was being organised (18 Sept.). — On 2 Sept.
there died in the Debtors' Prison, Whitecross Street, George Middleton Ball, an
octogenarian, who had been confined there nearly twenty-two years. — The death was
recorded (23rd) of Alderman Thomas Farncomb, Lord Mayor in 1849, at the
age of eighty-seven. — The Dutch Church, Austin Friars, was opened after under-
going complete restoration (i Oct.). — The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress
gave a banquet in honour of the Dowager Queen Emma of Hawaii (23rd). —
The Guildhall and Royal Exchange were closed, and business in the City was largely
suspended on the day of the public funeral of Lord Palmerston, which was attended
by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs and a small deputation from the Corporation
(27th). — The formal opening of the City extension of the North London Railway,
from Dalston to the new Broad Street terminus, took place on the 31st. — A public
meeting was held at the Mansion House to consider a proposal by the Rev. William
Rogers for a scheme of middle-class education in the City. A Committee was
appointed and a charter was eventually obtained for the establishment of the
Cowper Street School. — Alderman Benjamin Samuel Phillips was elected Lord
Mayor. — The Guildhall Banquet on 9 Nov. was regarded as the formal uncovering
of the new open oak roof, which was much admired.
Amongst other alterations in the Guildhall were the following : The original windows on the north
and south sides of the hall, which about the beginning of the century had been built up, were opened
and restored ; one on the south side was filled with stained glass. The statues of Chatham, Pitt,
Beckford, and WeUington, were lowered, and the hall was for the first time lighted with sixteen
chandeliers, designed in accordance with the architecture of the hall. The alterations were carried out
under the direction of Mr. Horace Jones.
The Common Council expressed regret that the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
had not shown any disposition to concur in an arrangement for the preservation of
Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, except upon terms of sale and purchase, and
protested against the ground being used for secular purposes. In view of the high
historic interest attaching to this celebrated Nonconformist cemetery, the Court
expressed itself willing to accept the care and preservation of the ground on behalf
of the public. — The Corporation decided to lend the Guildhall for six weeks to the
Committee of the City of London Working Classes Industrial Exhibition (7 Dec). —
The Lord Mayor announced to the Court of Aldermen that the Government desired
Mr. Russell Gurney, the Recorder, to act as Commissioner for inquiring into the
recent lamentable occurrences in Jamaica. The Recorder shortly afterwards sailed
for that island, and conducted an inquiry into the conduct of Governor Eyre.
A.D. 1866 Modern History of the City of London. 245
1866.
iR. GOSCHEN was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster,
with a seat in the Cabinet of Earl Russell's Administration
(11 Jan., 1866). The new Minister was re-elected for the
' g City (27 Feb.).^ — At a public meeting at the Mansion House,
it was resolved to urge Parliament to take immediate steps
with a view to preserve the commons and open spaces around the Metropolis
for the use of the public (24 Jan.). — The Commissioners of Sewers decided
to widen and improve the public thoroughfare at the south-west corner
of St. Paul's Churchyard (30th). — The Lord Mayor laid before the Common
Council an extract from the presentment of the Leet Jury of the Great
Liberty Manor, Southwark, to the Court of Aldermen, as Lords of the
Manor, regretting that there was no Town Hall in the borough, and that the
only available place for holding the Court of Record, public meetings and the
like was an hotel (8 Feb.). — In consequence of the increased cost of provisions
the Court resolved to distribute among the aged and iniirm inmates of the
London Almshouses and Rogers' Almshouses at Brixton a sum of ^100. — The
Corporation voted ^1,000 in aid of the fund for the promotion of Middle
Class Education in the City (22nd). — Mr. Crawford moved the second reading
of the Corporation Gas Bill in the House of Commons (6 Mar.). It was
agreed to by a majority of twenty-six and referred to a Select Committee.
The object of the Bill was to empower the Corporation to undertake the
manufacture and sale of gas within the City. — On 8 Mar. the Corporation resolved
to erect a Meat and Poultry Market at Smithfield at the cost of ^200,820.
— Several scholars at the City of London School had been debarred from
acquiring honours and endowments to which they were entitled at Oxford and
Cambridge owing to the declaration required by the Act of Uniformity. The
Corporation therefore decided to petition Parliament to repeal the clauses of the
disqualifying Act. — The 20th was appointed by the Bishop of London as a
day of humiliation on account of the Cattle Plague. The Lord Mayor and
Sheriffs attended a special service at St. Paul's. — The Corporation resolved, by
sixty-three votes to thirty-six, to petition Parliament in favour of the legalization
of marriage with a deceased wife's sister (22nd). — It was decided to obtain
for the Guildhall a bust of Lord Palmerston at a cost not exceeding ^250. —
Mr. Haywood, Engineer and Surveyor to the Commissioners of Sewers,
prepared an elaborate plan for the reconstruction of the City, especially with a
246 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1866
view to relieving the increased traffic. — An enthusiastic meeting was held at the
Mansion House in support of the Government Reform Bill (12 Ap.). The Com-
mon Council agreed to petition Parliament in favour of the Bill (19th). — The City
of London Lunatic Asylum, Stone, near Dartford, Kent, was opened on the i6th.
The building was erected at the Corporation's expense and not by means of a county rate, at a
cost of about ;£77,ooo, including the purchase of the freehold. Provision was made for 125 patients
of either sex. The Asylum was afterwards enlarged to accommodate 456 patients, the total cost to the
Corporation being ^126,898, while the total amount paid out of the City's cash (in the absence of a
county rate) for the maintenance of pauper lunatics without settlement, up to 31 Dec, 1892, has been
-^39,833 17-y- ^d.
Mr. Peabody distributed the prizes at the close of the City of London Working
Classes Exhibition at Guildhall (opened on 6 Mar.) and was received with great
applause (17th). — The Corporation resolved to convert the two vacant hotels at the
Metropolitan Cattle Market into improved dwellings for the labouring poor, at an
estimated cost of ^10,000 (3 May). It was decided (4 Oct.) that preference
should be given to persons displaced by the Holborn Valley improvements.
— On the 8th Mr. Kennedy moved in the House of Commons for returns relating
to the affairs of the Irish Society, the motion being substantially agreed to. — On the
loth a fountain was opened on the north side of the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry,
to commemorate the pious gifts of parochial benefactors. This day was known as
Black Friday in the City; the failure of Messrs. Overend, Gurney & Co., which had
recently been made a joint-stock limited liability company, causing a commercial
panic. The Bank rate went up from 8 to 9 per cent, and numerous failures,
including that of the great railway contractors, Peto & Betts, ensued. Mr.
Gladstone, after conferences with bank directors and others, announced the
suspension of the Bank Charter Act, which had the effect of allaying the panic. —
The Commissioners of Sewers signed an agreement with the London, Chatham
and Dover Railway Company for the purchase of land at the foot of Ludgate Hill
for the proposed circus (15th). — A terrible state of overcrowding in the City was
revealed at a meeting of the City of London Union on the 22nd.
One of the relieving officers found in a house of nine rooms in Three Herring Court,
St. Katherine's Cree, forty-five persons, or an average of five to a room. In one of the apartments
nine persons were living. In another house in the court, containing eight rooms, forty persons resided.
Scarlet fever had attacked the inmates.
The Duke of Edinburgh, K.G. (Prince Alfred), received the freedom of the
Grocers' Company, in a gold box (28th). — In consequence of the valuable services
rendered to the City by Deputy Henry De Jersey, the Common Council decided
to present him with a piece of plate, subscribed for by members of the Court
(31st). — At the same meeting it was resolved to purchase Southwark Bridge for
A.D. 1866 Modern History of the City of London. 247
^200,000. — The Duke of Edinburgh received the freedom of the Merchant
Taylors' Company on 5 June, and on the 7th took up the freedom of the City,
to which he was entitled by patrimony. His Royal Highness was afterwards
entertained at a d(^jeuner at the Guildhall. — The Mercers' Company gave a banquet
to the Prince of Wales and a number of distinguished guests on the 9th, and on
the nth H.R.H. laid the first stone of the British and Foreign Bible Society's
building in the new thoroughfare, Queen Victoria Street. The Prince after-
wards lunched with the Lord Mayor. — Several workmen having been injured
by the fall of some scaffolding in Guildhall Yard, the Common Council voted iJ^ioo
towards the relief of the sufferers and their families (21st). — The Court resolved
to insure the Guildhall, Mansion House, Sessions House, the City Mews, and
Rogers' Almshouses for ^200,000. — The King and Queen of the Belgians were
entertained at the Mansion House (6 July). The Prince and Princess of Wales
and the Duke of Edinburgh were also present. — Upwards of a hundred Belgian
riflemen, who had come over to the National Rifle Meeting, at Wimbledon,
presented an address of thanks to the Lord Mayor for the hospitality which had
been extended to them (iith). — The long struggle between the Corporation and
the West London Guardians over the Smithfield Workhouse came to an end.
Legal proceedings were taken, and eventually the house was cleared on the 12th.
— The Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Leland held its annual
congress at the Guildhall (17th). — It was decided to pull down the parish church
of St. Benet Gracechurch and St. Leonard Eastcheap, under the powers of the
Union of Benefices Act, the site being thrown into the public way. — On the
19th the workmen making excavations for the Holborn Viaduct came into
contact, at the bottom of Holborn Hill, with a solid body of masonry, which
was supposed to be one of the abutments of the ancient Holborn Bridge. —
An alteration was made in the railings and steps in front of the Mansion House,
which afforded increased accommodation for pedestrian traffic. The cost was
^305. — The Atlantic cable between Europe and America was completed on the
28th. The event was celebrated by a banquet at the Mansion House (30 Oct.).
— During the summer and autumn the cholera was raging in London ; 5,548
persons died of cholera, and 2,692 of diarrhoea and other similar ailments. The
Lord Mayor started a fund to relieve the sufferers at the East End, the Queen
subscribing on 2 Aug. ^500. By 3 Sept. ^17,000 had been raised and applied
to the relief of poor cholera patients and the maintenance of orphans whose
parents had died during the epidemic. — A great meeting of working men was
held at the GuildhaU in favour of the Reform Bill, the Lord Mayor presiding.
248
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1866
■^iH
The great hall was crowded with from five to six thousand persons, who arrived in processional
order, accompanied by bands and banners. The speakers included Mr. E. Beales, president of the
Reform League ; Mr. George Potter ; Mr. Connolly (stonemason) ; Mr. Odger (cordwainer) ;
Mr. Upshall (joiner) ; Mr. Coffey (bootmaker) ; and Mr. Bradlaugh. The Lord Mayor, who replied to
the criticisms which had been made upon him for allowing the use of the Guildhall for such a
purpose, was enthusiastically cheered at the close of the proceedings. Overflow meetings were held in
the Guildhall Yard. Placards were freely posted about with the inscriptions " Long live Gladstone,
Bright, Beales, and the Lord Mayor ; " " We working men are for peace and order and a vote
in Parliament."
The new Cannon
Street terminus, of
the South Eastern
Railway, was opened
for passenger traffic
( I Sept.). Thewhole
of the Steel-yard,
rich in historic
memories, was cov-
ered by the terminus
and its connected
works. It was
pointed out that the
fine view from Lon-
don Bridge of St.
Paul's and the spires
of Wren's City churches was utterly destroyed by the huge and hideous roof of
the South Eastern Railway terminus. — The Corporation resolved to construct
additional bullock lairs at the Metropolitan Cattle Market at an estimated cost
of ^6,000.— Mr. James Levick, Governor of the Credit Foncier et Mobilier of
England, laid the corner stone of an extensive suite of offices at the southern
corner of Lombard Street and Gracechurch Street (20th). — On the 28th a meetino-
was held at the Mansion House to relieve the famishing natives of Orissa. It was
announced (6 Oct.) that extensive alterations were about to be made at Drapers'
Hall at a cost of /28,ooo.— On the 12th a stormy meeting of the London, Chatham
and Dover Railway Company was held at St. James's Hall.— On the 20th some
workmen engaged in excavations in London Wall, at a depth of about 30 feet,
came upon a quantity of bones of horses, oxen, and deer, the horns of the latter
being in a fine state of preservation. There were also goats' horns, and parts
of the jaw of the wild boar, together with partially decayed spear handles,
Cannon Street Station from River.
A.D. 1866-7 Modern History of the City of London. 249
Altogether about twenty cart-loads of bones were taken out. — Dr. Conquest,
a celebrated City medical practitioner, died at Plumstead (24th). — Attention was
called in the Court of Common Council to the enormous increase in the City
assessments, which had gone up ^996,469 in ten years. This was attributed
chiefly to the passing of the Union Assessment Act, which gave to another body
the power to re-value the City (i Nov.). — Alderman Thomas Gabriel was elected
Lord Mayor. — The Local Government and Taxation Committee was instructed to
introduce an Election Act Amendment Bill, with a view to enabling all persons
on the Parliamentary register to vote at ward elections (12th). This would
increase the electorate from about 6,700 to 15,000. — A bazaar and flower and fruit
show was held at Guildhall on the 13th, in aid of the Albert Orphan Asylum,
the Duke of Edinburgh attending. — The Corporation voted .1^500 for the relief
of sufferers by the lamentable and extensive fire in Quebec (15th). — Mr. C. Buxton
presided at a meeting, at St. James's Hall, of the Metropolitan Municipal Associa-
tion, recently formed for promoting the better local government of the Metropolis
(11 Dec). — A day census of the City was taken and submitted to the Common
Council on the 13th.
According to this interesting return the night population was found to be 113,387, while the
residents in the day-time numbered 283,520. The number of persons resorting to the City,
not included in the above, was 509,611. The night population, as taken by the Government, only
accounted for 356 merchants out of nearly 6,000 ; 9 bankers out of 263 ; and 33 brokers out of 3,297.
Four persons were killed in an accident outside Aldersgate Station, caused by
the fall of a girder upon the end carriages of a passing train during the construction
of the new Meat Market (19th).
1867.
MEETING was held at the Mansion House, to devise measures
for alleviating the distress at the East End (21 Jan., 1867). — The
last service was performed in the church of St. Mary Somerset
and St. Mary Mounthaw.
This was the first of the City churches to be removed under the provisions of the Bishop of
London's Union of Benefices Act, 1859. It was one of Wren's churches, the former church of St. Mary
Somershythe having been destroyed in the Great Fire. A new church bearing the same name
was to be built in the populous district of St. Mary's, Hoxton, and the parishes of St. Mary Somerset
and St. Mary Mounthaw would be in future united with the joint benefice of St. Nicholas Cole
Abbey and St. Nicholas Olave.
KK
2 50 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1867
It was announced that the Old Cock Tavern, Fleet Street, was about to be
taken down for the approach to the Law Courts.— The Common Council voted the
usual address and compliments of congratulation, on the birth of a princess to the
Princess of Wales (25 Feb.). — The great western window at St. Paul's Cathedral
was unveiled (4 Mar.).— The Roman hexagonal column inscribed by Anencletus to
his "conjux pientissima Claudia Martina," discovered beneath the wall of Ludgate,
in 1806, and since lost, was now found in the open yard of the London Coffee
House, on Ludgate Hill. The Library Committee was instructed (7th) to take
immediate steps for its preservation in the Guildhall Museum. — Mr. Benjamin
Scott's Statistical Vindication of the City of London was published by the
Corporation. — A great meeting was held at the Guildhall to oppose the
Metropolitan Improvement Rate Bill then before Parliament (20th).
The object of this Bill was to empower the Metropolitan Board of Works to levy a charge of four-
pence in the pound upon property situated within the Metropolis, including the City. As the citizens
would thus be taxed without having adequate representation on the Board which would spend
the money, the Bill was opposed as tyrannical at meetings held in the Guildhall, and in various wards
throughout the City.
Mr. Henry Thomas Riley, M.A., was engaged by the Common Council, to
compile a volume of extracts from the earliest Corporation records, published
as Memorials of London and London Life (2ist).^A deputation from the
Common Council and others waited upon Sir Stafford Northcote, to urge the
necessity of obtaining an amendment of the Metropolitan Gas Act i860 (27th).
— A stained-glass window was placed in the north-west corner of the Guildhall
by Mr. Cornelius Lea Wilson, a warden of the Goldsmiths' Company, the subject
being the presentation of the four principal charters of the City (4 May). — On
the 1 6th, the Local Government and Taxation Committee reported on the
second report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Metropolitan
Government, which proposed to extinguish the County of the City of London,
and convert the Metropolitan Board of Works into a Municipal Council for the
whole area. — A sum of ^30,000 was voted by the Corporation towards the
cost of the improvement effected by the Commissioners of Sewers in Mansion
House Street (i6th). — The Court of Aldermen gave instructions to enforce the
bond of ^1,500 against a stockbroker, who was alleged to have been guilty of
defrauding a client of .;^350, which had been paid for investment in consols
(27th). — The chief stone of the Holborn Valley Viaduct was laid (3 June).
This important work was to put an end to the great evils which had hitherto
attended the traffic up and down Holborn Hill and Snow Hill, where an enormous
number of casualties and many deaths had occurred owing to the steep declivities,
A.D. 1867 Modern History of the City of London. 251
— The INIetropolitan Municipal Association had its first annual meeting (5th).
It was resolved to support the Bill introduced by Mr. John Stuart Mill, to
establish Municipal Corporations conterminous with each Parliamentary borough.
— The chief corner stone of the new Metropolitan Meat and Poultry Market was
laid at Smithfield. — On the i8th, at a meeting of the Court of Aldermen, Mr.
Alderman Wilson, Colonel of the Royal City of London Militia, called attention to
the passage of the Militia through the streets the previous Monday week, and to
the assaults and robberies committed on the occasion, at various parts of the route.
The Alderman said the question was one of very great importance to the City, for according
to the ancient custom of London no troops had a right to pass through the City with colours flying
or bayonets fixed, except the 3rd Regiment, usually called the Buffs, which, in consequence of its
having been originally formed from the Trained Bands of London, had the privilege of marching
through the City with bayonets fixed and colours flying. It was an important question whether troops
should be allowed to pass through the City without the consent of the Lord Mayor.
A communication of General Sir Hope Grant on the above subject was
referred to the Privileges Committee for consideration. — The Common Council
resolved to present an address to the Emperor of Russia, expressing horror and
indignation at the recent attempt upon his life made at Paris, whither His Majesty
had gone to attend the Great Exhibition, and congratulating him upon his provi-
dential escape (20th). An address was also resolved upon to the Emperor of the
French, whose life had been endangered. — The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs,
accompanied by other members of the Corporation, went in state to visit the
Paris Exhibition, and were received by the Emperor of the French at the Tuileries,
where the Corporation address was presented, and a verbal answer given by
Napoleon IIL — On 11 July, 2,400 Belgian Volunteers arrived in London, on an
invitation from a Committee of English Riflemen. On the following day, they
were entertained at a dejeuner in the Guildhall. — The Lord Mayor gave banquets
at the Mansion House to the Viceroy of Egypt on the nth, and on the 20th
to the Belgian officers. — The Haberdashers' Company presented the Corporation
with a stained glass window for the Guildhall (13th). — About this time the Rev.
Leycester Lyne, better known as Brother Ignatius, attracted large numbers of
merchants, bankers and others, to his special Friday mid-day services, in the
church of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street. Not only the church, but the
porch itself was crowded to overflowing. — The Sultan Abdul Aziz visited the
Guildhall on the i8th, and was presented with an address, which was handed to
His Majesty in a gold casket. The Sultan shortly afterwards sent to the Lord
Mayor a sum of ^^2,500, to be distributed amongst the poor. The Corporation
likewise presented an address to the Viceroy of Egypt, which was also contained in
KK 2
252 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1867
a gold casket. The Viceroy returned the compHment by offering to the Lady
Mayoress a brooch of exquisite beauty and great value. — On the 23rd, a public
meeting was held at the London Tavern to protest against the spread of
ritualism. — It was announced (2 Aug.) that a baronetcy would be conferred
upon Lord Mayor Gabriel, and that the honour of knighthood would* be
bestowed upon the Sheriffs (Mr. Alderman Waterlow and Mr. Lycett). — After
much negotiation with the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, an Act was passed
(30 & 31 Vic. cap. 38) for the preservation of the Bunhill Fields Burial Ground
as an open space, and it was referred to a Committee of the Corporation to carry it
into execution (2nd). A resolution of thanks to the Corporation for its zealous
efforts in the promotion of this object was passed at a meeting, presided over by
Mr. Samuel Morley,
This ancient burial ground of nearly four acres was laid out by the Corporation two centuries ago.
It formed part of the Finsbury Estate, held by the Corporation on lease from the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, and when the lease of the estate expired, the above mentioned negotiations took
place. Under the Act the Corporation was to maintain and keep the ground in repair at its own cost
and charges, and a sum of ;£3,oi5 was expended at the outset. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners
reserved to themselves the right to assume the management of the ground as an open space by
giving six months' notice.
A public meeting was held at Guildhall, to consider the Lords' amendments
to the Government Reform Bill (8th). — During the month an emblazoned and
framed address was presented to Mr. George Peabody, in the name of the
working class exhibitors at the Industrial Exhibition at Guildhall, the ceremony
taking place at the Guildhall Tavern. Mr. Peabody in reply said that when he
first started in life his prospects were more gloomy than were those perhaps of
any working man on the Committee, but God had prospered him, and he felt great
pleasure in spreading that which had been so mercifully and profusely showered
on him. — The scheme for the management of the property belonging to the French
Protestant church of St. Martin-le-Grand was setded by the Master of the Rolls.
— The North London Railway Company, in making the approaches to the terminus
in Liverpool Street, removed a brick wall, in which was found a stone with the
following inscription :
" Thomas Rowe miles cum prjetor esset Londinensis hunc locum reipublicse in usum publicse
sepulturse communem suo sumptu dedicavit. Anno Domini 1569 " Sir Thomas Rowe was Lord
Mayor of London in 1568, settled in Shacklewell, and died in 1570. He was buried in old
Hackney Church.
Dean Milman died at Dean's Court, St. Paul's (24 Sep.). — There was con-
siderable opposition in the City to the proposal of the Government to annex the
parishes of St. Luke and Clerkenwell to the East and West London Unions, and
A.D. 1867 jModern History of the City of London. 253
the Common Council voted against it. A deputation waited upon the Poor Law
Board and protested against the proposed annexation, which was never carried into
effect (3 Oct.). — Mr. Anthony Trollope was entertained at dinner, at the Albion
Tavern, by a large number of his colleagues in the General Post Office, on the
occasion of his leaving the establishment (31st). The chair was taken by
Mr. Scudamore, and the vice-chairs by Mr. Edmund Yates and Mr. George
Chetwynd.
Mr. Trollope drew a picture of a large square room, looking out upon Goldsn:iiths' Hall, in
which chamber he had begun his official life thirty-three years before " as a junior assistant,
probationary, temporary extra clerk," condemned to eleven years' preliminary service without any pay,
the twelfth year rewarding him with the sum of J^() 2s. 6d.
The Corporation resolved to erect slaughter-houses at the Metropolitan
Cattle Market, with a boiling-house and other conveniences, at an estimated cost of
^36,550. — Alderman William Ferneley Allen was elected Lord Mayor. The Lord
Mayor's procession this year was altogether devoid of pageantry. There was only
one band, that of the Royal Horse Guards, and an escort of the 3rd King's Own
Hussars. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs' Committee having decided not to use the
old State Coach, the Common Council passed the following resolution (24 Oct.) : —
"That, in accordance with the resolution of this Court of the 25 Sept., 1777, the Lord Mayor
elect be requested to use the State Coach on the occasion of his going to Westminster, to be sworn
into office on the 9th November next."
Notwithstanding this resolution, the Lord Mayor rode in his semi-state
carriage, and it was arranged that the civic procession should move at a brisk pace
to avoid the necessity of closing the streets. This innovation gave rise to much
comment and dissatisfaction. — A sum of ^250 was voted towards the relief of the
sufferers from the hurricane in the West Indies. — The Egyptian Hall and Saloon,
at the Mansion House, were ordered to be repaired and re-decorated, at a cost
not exceeding ^2,800 (2 Dec). — ^200 was voted in aid of the sufferers from
the Ferndale Colliery Disaster. — Mr. T. Cave, M.P., ex-sheriff, was sued in the
Court of Exchequer, Guildhall, for .^105, for services alleged to have been
rendered at the shrievalty election, in 1863. The jury found a verdict for the
defendant. — A terrible Fenian explosion took place on the 13th outside the House
of Detention, Clerkenwell, by which seven persons were killed and about fifty
wounded, and on the 20th the Lord Mayor and Alderman Sir R. W. Garden
were occupied several hours at the Guildhall, swearing in special constables to act
in case of need for the City. The enrolling of people from all classes of society
continued for a fortnight, when the number of special constables in the City
254 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1867-8
amounted to 6,532. ^General Pitt Rivers discovered the remains of Roman pile-
buildings near London Wall.— Doctors' Commons was pulled down.— The City of
London Municipal Elections (Amendment) Act was passed, fixing the qualifications
of voters.— The County Courts Act, 1867 (31 & 32 Vic. cap. 71), effected a change
in the title of the Sheriffs' Court, which from i Jan., 1868. was known as the City
of London Court.
1868.
/^^^ ^,r(r 'Pj^g Corporation having agreed to the purchase of the London Coffee
House, Ludgate Hill, for ^38,500, the agreement was carried
into effect on 18 Jan., 1868. The building was afterwards taken
down. — For the first time in six years a Court of Husting was held
in the Guildhall (21st). This is a Court of Record and only meets
occasionally for the enrolment of deeds. — On the 23rd the Common Council
passed the following resolution : —
"That an address be presented to Her Majesty, expressing the indignation and sorrow with which
the Court has heard of crimes of violence and outrage committed by certain desperate and abandoned
men, who, in the prosecution of their base designs, have ruthlessly sacrificed the lives and property of
Her Majesty's loyal subjects ; and declaring their determination to support the constituted
authorities in their efforts to suppress the secret, disloyal and sediticus organization of men banded
together for revolutionary purposes under the name of Fenians."
The address was presented to the Queen at Windsor on 10 Mar. The Court
also voted ;^ioo towards the relief of the sufferers by the Clerkenwell Explosion.
— It was announced on 25 Jan. that the Weavers' Company had presented a
stained glass window to the Guildhall. It represented Henry Fitz Ailwyn,
the first Mayor of London. — The old posting house, the "Saracen's Head," Snow
Hill, from which long-distance coaches used to run, especially to the Midland
Counties, was taken down for the Holborn Valley improvement. — The controversy
as to the seal to be used in the City of London Court was brought to a close.
Mr. Kerr on i Jan., when the name of the Court was changed from the Sheriffs' to
the City of London Court, had directed a new seal to be used, containing the Royal
arms, in lieu of the former seal. Mr. Justice Willes decided against the Commissioner,
and the Common Council undertook (20 Mar.) to prepare a new seal, adopting the
City arms as in the old one, but with the altered legend " City of London Court."
— The whole question of the future government of the Metropolis was referred on
the 26th to a special Committee of the Common Council, and the reference was after-
wards transferred to the Local Government and Taxation Committee (20 Ap.). —
A.D. 1868 Modern History of the City of London. 255
Alderman William Taylor Copeland died (12 Ap.) — Extraordinary precautions
were taken while the Fenian prisoners were in Newgate awaiting their trial
for the Clerkenwell explosion. The gaol was guarded outside night and
day by a picked body of police, armed with cutlasses and revolvers. Barrett
was condemned to death and executed (26 May). Casey was acquitted,
Burke was sentenced to fifteen years' and Shaw to seven years' penal
servitude. — The governors of Bridewell refused to receive an apprentice, com-
mitted by the Chamberlain for refractory conduct, as there were three already
under detention. Mr. Benjamin Scott reported the matter to the Common Council
(i May). — On the same day the Corporation adopted an address to the Queen,
expressing the horror and indignation felt by the Court at the recent attempt upon
the life of the Duke of Edinburgh, and congratulating Her Majesty upon his
providential escape. The address was presented at Buckingham Palace on the
13th. — Alexander Mackay, aged eighteen, who was sentenced to death for
the murder of his mistress, Emma Grossmith, of Artillery Passage, Norton
Folgate, was the first person executed within the precincts of Newgate, under
an Act passed this session (8th). — The Queen laid the foundation stone of
the new St. Thomas's Hospital, near Lambeth Palace ([3th). — Mr. Effingham
Wilson, of the Royal Exchange, and one of the oldest members of the publishing
trade, died (9 June).
It was stated at the time that Mr. Wilson was the first publisher of Tennyson. This, however,
appears to be a mistake. The Foems by Two Brothers (Alfred and Charles Tennyson) were published
in 1827 by Mr. Jackson, of Louth. It was in 1830 that Mr. Effingham Wilson received Tennyson's
MS. from Cambridge, together with the MS. of some poems by Mr. Arthur H. Hallam, the subject of
In Memoriam. Hallam's poems were apparently not printed, but Alfred Tennyson's name was
prefixed to a thin duodecimo of 154 pages, published by Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange, and
entitled Poems, Chiefly Lyrical. This little volume is now exceedingly rare. Effingham Wilson was
also the first publisher of the works of Thomas Campbell, in a complete form, and of Robert
Browning's Paracelsus, which was printed in 1835. He published some of the earlier works of
Jeremy Bentham. Mr. Wilson visited his friend Hone in Newgate the night before his celebrated
trial began in 181 7.
Mr. Disraeli delivered a manifesto on the union of the Church and State
at a banquet at Merchant Taylors' Hall, where the first toast is always "Church
and Queen" (17th). — The Corporation voted the freedom of the City, with
a sword of the value of 200 guineas, to Major General Sir Robert Napier,
G.C.B., G.C.S.I., Commander of the forces in Bombay, in recognition of his
services in bringing the Abyssinian war to a successful and brilliant close (i8th). —
The old church of St. Benet, Gracechurch Street, was razed to the ground.
— A disorderly meeting of citizens, presided over by the Lord Mayor, was held
256 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1868
at the Guildhall. The meeting was convened for the purpose of discussing
Mr. Gladstone's Irish Disestablishment Bill, and was addressed by Mr. Vernon
Harcourt and others (25th). — The Princess of Wales was delivered of a daughter
(Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary) on 6 July, and the customary addresses were
voted by the Corporation (15th). — The gratitude of the Cotton Districts for the
help extended to them in their time of distress was remarkably demonstrated
at the Guildhall on the I5lh, when a deputation attended to present to the
Corporation of London the Memorial Window, at the east end of the Guildhall,
subscribed for by the operatives of the Cotton District. The Court voted a sum
of ^750 for the necessary repairs to be made for the reception of the window. —
The Corporation ordered a bust of Lord Brougham and Vaux at a cost not
exceeding ^250 (23 July). — Orders were given by the Common Council to continue
the streets on the northern side of the Meat and Poultry Market through Charter-
house Square to Aldersgate Street (17 Sept.). — A medal was ordered to be struck
commemorating the visit of the Sultan of Turkey. — The Rev. Henry Langueville
Mansel, D.D., was appointed Dean of St. Paul's as successor to Dr. Milman. —
Considerable alterations were made in the arrangements for the Guildhall banquet,
especially as to the invitation of guests. The bar which hitherto had been erected
in the Guildhall on these occasions was ordered to be removed (i Oct.). —
Robert Triphook died at the Charterhouse in his 87th year (4th). His book shops
in St. James's Street and Old Bond Street had been the rendezvous of celebrated
men. Sir Walter Scott employed Mr. Triphook to collect the books of information
on which he founded the Pirate. Byron, Shelley and Coleridge were among his
customers. — A public meeting was held at the Guildhall on behalf of the sufferers
from the terrible earthquakes in Peru and Ecuador (13th), and the Corporation
voted .^^500 towards the fund which was then inaugurated (22nd). — It was reported
(17th) that a memorial tomb and window had been erected in the south aisle of
St. Paul's Cathedral to the memory of the late Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London. —
Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, Bart, G.C.B., Constable of the Tower of
London, was admitted to the freedom of the City (22nd). — Alderman James Clarke
Lawrence was elected Lord Mayor. — At the Guildhall banquet on the 9th the
principal interest centred in the speeches of Mr. Reverdy Johnson, United
States Minister, and Mr. Disraeli, the Premier. The former referred to the
happy conclusion of the differences which had existed between England and
America, and the latter expressed a hope that Lord Stanley, who had so
successfully terminated the differences referred to, would be able, with the other
Powers, to mediate as successfully between France and Prussia and settle their
A.D. 1868
Modern History of the City of London.
257
misunderstandings. — Tlie General Election took place, and on 18 Nov. Mr. Goschen,
Mr. Crawford, Mr. Alderman Lawrence, and Mr. Bell were returned for the City,
the last-named (a Conservative) taking the place of Baron Rothschild, who was at
the bottom of the poll. At the same election Mr. John Stuart Mill lost his seat
for Westminster. — Lhe Lord Mayor opened the Metropolitan Meat and Poultry
Market at Smithfield (24th).
New Smithfield Market.
Old Smithfield Market was founded in 1614 for live stock, the sale of which was removed to the
Islington Market in 1854. The Dead Meat Market had hitherto been carried on in the neighbourhood
of Newgate Street. The Act of i860 authorized the utilization of part of the site of old Smithfield
Market for the establishment of the new Market, and also conferred powers of purchasing additional
land. Although a portion of the site of this Market was outside the City, it was by the Act (Sec. 11)
declared to be within the City, and to form a part of the ward of Farringdon Without. The Market
was designed and planned by the City Architect, Mr. Horace Jones, the contractors being Messrs.
Browne and Robinson. The building covers an area of 620 feet by 240 feet, and has extensive subways.
It is believed to be the largest Dead Meat Market in the world. The cost of the building was less
than ;^2oo,ooo, the amount estimated, while a sum of _;^420,ooo was borrowed for the purchase of
additional land and the making of the necessary approaches. The construction of the Market had been
LI,
258 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1868-9
completed in less than eighteen months. The opening ceremony was followed by a banquet, to
which 1,200 persons sat down, in the covered roadway of the Market. The Market was opened for
business on i Dec. The Western Approach street to the Holborn Valley Viaduct was also
declared open.
There was a panic on the Stock Exchange caused by rumours of the sudden
death of the Emperor Napoleon (5 Dec.).— On the same day Mr. Peabody gave
another donation of i^ 100,000 for the poor of London, making a total of
^350,000— The Lord Mayor laid the memorial stone of the Central Middle
Class Schools in Cowper Street, Finsbury (15th).— Mr. Goschen, having accepted
the Presidency of the Poor Law Board, was re-elected for the City on the 21st.—
Coopers' Hall, in Basinghall Street, having been taken down, a new building
was erected on part of the site.— Most of the houses in the parish of St. Mary
Mounthaw were removed about this time. — Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate Street, was
opened as a restaurant.
1869.
'^'^'' .HE six directors in Overend, Gurney and Co., who had appeared
several times at the Mansion House Police Court, on a charge of
conspiracy, were committed for trial by the Lord Mayor on
27 Jan., 1869. The firm was in liquidation, the costs of which
up to this time had been ^^70,000. It was stated that the losses
of the new company during nine months' trading, irrespective of what they had
lost by the old firm, were ;^ 1,400, 000. During that period they had discounted
^56,000,000 worth of bills. The trial did not come on till 13 Dec, when it lasted
nine days in the Court of Queen's Bench, and resulted in a verdict of acquittal. —
The Court of Aldermen decided on the 9th, that prisoners of all denominations
confined in the City Prison, Holloway, should be allowed equal privileges of seeing
their respective ministers, when desirous of so doing, according to the custom
existing in all the City gaols for many years past. — A painted window, representing
the "Crucifixion," the gift of the Drapers' Company, was unveiled at St. Paul's
Cathedral (10 Feb.). — Baron Rothschild was elected, without opposition, to fill the
vacancy in the City representation, caused by the death of Mr. Bell (22nd). — The
Common Council adopted a rule that no extraordinary work should be undertaken,
and no public or charitable grant made, involving a sum exceeding ;^ioo, until the
Finance Committee had considered and reported upon the question (25th). — The
Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise, paid a visit to St. Bartholomew's
Hospital (6 Ap. ). Her Majesty having expressed a desire to see the new Meat
A.D. 1869 Modern History of the City of London.
259
Market, she. was driven very slowly through the Central Avenue. — Dr. Jackson
was enthroned as Bishop of London at St. Paul's (8th). — Mr. Maguire moved in
the House of Commons for a Royal Commission to inquire into the manner
in which the Irish Society administered their property in the north of Ireland.
The Government having after a four hours' debate, promised to consider the
matter, the motion was withdrawn (13th). — The Lord Mayor read a letter to the
Common Council from Mr. Bacon, the sculptor, containing an offer of a statue of
the Prince Consort, for the Holborn Valley Viaduct (29th). The offer was accepted,
and it was decided to place the
statue at the western end of the
Viaduct (27 May). — The Court
also resolved that the west win-
dow of the Guildhall should be
filled with stained glass in the
highest style of art, in com-
memoration of the many virtues
of the Prince Consort, and of his
"high and spotless character."
The necessary preparations for
the reception of the window
were made at a cost of ^800 ( 1 7
June). — A letter from the Poor
Law Board was read at the
West London Union, proposing
to amalgamate the West and East
London Unions with the City of
London Union for all Poor Law
purposes. This arrangement, it
was thought, would enable the City Guardians to utilize the existing workhouses to
a greater extent than if each remained under separate management (i May). — The
Town Clerk was instructed to apply to the Metropolitan Board of Works
requesting that the tessellated Roman pavement, recently discovered during
the excavations at Bucklersbury, might be deposited, with other interesting
antiquities, in the Guildhall Museum (13th). — Mr. Goschen moved the second
reading of the Metropolis Poor Act (1867) Amendment Bill, which included the
amalgamation of the City Unions and was ultimately carried (28th). — It was
announced (5 June) that the Merchant Taylors' Company had paid ;^90,ooo out of
Portion of Roman Pavement (ound in Bucklersbury.
LL 2
26o Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1869
their corporate funds to the Governors of the Charterhouse, for 55^ acres of land
lately occupied by the Charterhouse Schools, and that they intended to remove
the Merchant Taylors' School from Suffolk Lane to that locality. They had
let a portion of the land for building purposes but retained 3^ acres for the
school and its playground. The Charterhouse School was being removed to
Godalming. — Mr. John Bennett bought the freehold of his premises in Cheapside,
at auction, for ^14,000 (23rd). — During the six months ending 30 June, 20,087,000
passengers were stated to have been carried over the Metropolitan Railway systenx
— At a banquet given to Her Majesty's Ministers at the Mansion House, on the
30th, Mr. Gladstone said : —
" He was enabled, from past associations, to speak of the great efforts which the Corporation of
the City had made in developing principles of liberty combined with order, and he was sure however
great changes the progress of time might effect in the municipal arrangements of this vast Metropolis,
none could in the least degree impair the consequence, dignity or importance of the honoured office of
the Lord Mayor."
The Executive Committee of the Thomas Wright Memorial Fund presented
to the Corporation Mr. Mercier's picture, " The Condemned Cell," which represents
Mr. Wright in the act of ministering to a condemned criminal. For a great
number of years Mr. Wright, a working man, had alleviated the misery of the
working classes and of condemned convicts, after his usual hours of labour (i July).
— Sir Moses Montefiore offered to place a stained-glass window in the Guildhall
(22nd). — Dr. William Sedgwick Saunders, who was this year chairman of the
Library Committee, issued a pamphlet entitled, "The Guildhall Library : Its origin
and progress," being an appeal to the Corporation of London for its reconstruction.
The writer pointed out the inconvenience, danger and discredit of the existing accommodation,
and at last recognising the great importance of establishing a Library and Museum worthy of the City
of London, the Common Council agreed on the 22nd to erect a new building at an expense not
exceeding ;£25,ooo. It was afterwards decided (16 Sept.) that the building should be at the eastern end
of the Guildhall, on a plot of land belonging to the Corporation, and that the Library should be freely
open to the public, without ticket or any other formality.
The Prince of Wales unveiled the statue of Mr. Peabody, at the eastern side of
the Royal Exchange, and on the site of the burial-ground formerly attached to the
church of St. Benet Fink, towards which the Corporation had contributed 100 guineas
(23rd).— A proposal having been made to re-elect Alderman Lawrence as Lord
Mayor for a second year, a vigorous canvass was got up on behalf of Alderman
Besley, the alderman next in rotation for the mayoralty. A poll was demanded
on 29 Sep., the result being that Alderman Besley was elected by 1,501 votes,
as against 644 for the Lord Mayor, and 580 for Alderman Wilson. At the
Common Council on 7 Oct., a letter was read from the Clerk of the Metropolitan
A.D. 1869
Modern History of the City of London.
261
Board of Works, enclosing a proposal by the Metropolitan District Railway
Company to carry the railway under the entire length of the new street from
Blackfriars to the Mansion House. The communications were referred to the
Commissioners of Sewers. — Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, an old Nonconformist
cemetery, iust outside the borders of the City, was opened by the Corporation
as a public recreation ground (14th).
Mr. Deputy Charles Reed, M.P., Chairman of the Bunhill Fields Preservation Committee,
addressing the Lord Mayor, said : " Five centuries have passed since this manor was granted by the
Prebend of Halliwell and Finsbury to the citizens of London in return for services rendered to the
Church, and it was by virtue o( this grant that your predecessors in olden times bore the title of Lords
of Finsbury as well as Lord Mayor of London." In 1549, more than a thousand cartloads of human
remains were removed from the Char-
nel House of St. Paul's Cathedral and
deposited here. The Lord Mayor
declared the ground open, and the
Earl of Shaftesbury and Mr. Samuel
Morley were amongst those who ad-
dressed the very large number of
persons who had assembled to witness
this interesting ceremony.
The Corporation on the
28th passed a vote of sympathy
and condolence on the occasion
of the death of the Earl of
Derby, K.G., the late Prime
Minister, and a marble bust of
the deceased earl was ordered
to be executed (16 Dec.) — An
Act of Common Council was
passed abolishing the custom
by which the Sheriffs had hitherto taken the forfeited recognisances, etc., at the
Sessions (28th). — The 6th of November was a great day In the annals of the City
of London, It being the day on which Her Majesty the Queen opened two of
the greatest works undertaken and carried out by the Corporation, viz. : Blackfriars
Bridge and Holborn Viaduct.
The bridge, which cost ^401,131, took five years and five months to build. It consists of five
iron arches surmounted by an ornamental cornice and parapet. The steepest gradient is i in 40
whereas the gradient in the old bridge was i in 24, and originally i in 16. The central arch is 185 feet
clear between the piers, those on either side 175 feet each, and the end arches give a span of 155 feet.
The total length of the bridge, clear of the shore abutments, is 923 feet. On each of the stone piers
are two columns of polished red granite, one on either side of the bridge. Each column weighs over
Bunyan's Monument, Bunhill P'ields.
262 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1869
30 tons and is 1 1 feet high. They are the largest used until then in any bridge, and cost ^800 each.
The bridge was designed by Mr. Joseph Cubitt, and the birds and marine plants ornamenting the
stone capitals were carved by Mr. J. B. Philip.
Holborn Viaduct was a much more costly undertaking, involving as it did the purchase of valuable
property. The total cost of the Viaduct and approaches, including the purchase of ground, premises,
goodwill, &c., was ;;^2,552,4o6, a considerable portion of which has since fallen upon the City revenues
owing to the refusal of Parliament to grant a renewal of the coal dties. The actual work of con-
struction was only commenced in June, 1867, so that the Viaduct took less than two years
and a-half to complete. Mr. Haywood, Engineer to the Commissioners of Sewers, superintended the
work, which was carried out by Messrs. Hill & Keddell, contractors, for ;^99,837. The height of the
level of the viaduct above the former roadways, as they existed in 1863, is 32 feet at Farringdon Street
Bridge, which spans the deepest portion of the Fleet Valley. From the circus at its western end to
Giltspur Street at its eastern end, the viaduct is 1,285 f^et long and 80 feet wide. The bridge over
Farringdon Street consists of three spans, the arches being supported on granite pillars. On each side
of the bridge are granite piers and pedestals, surmounted by bronze statues, representing the Fine
Arts, Science, Agriculture, and Commerce. Public staircases, on which are statues of celebrated
citizens, afford communication between the Viaduct and Farringdon Street. It was pointed out by the
Lord Mayor (Jan. 24, 1870), that the Holborn Viaduct Improvement Committee had had to settle
between 600 and 700 claims for compensation, and that if the ground had been cleared by a staff of
surveyors and valuers, the commission on the amount paid, ;£ 1,5 6 5, 000, would have formed one of
the largest items in the cost of the improvement.
Galleries had been erected on Blackfriars Bridge, draped with scarlet and white
cloth, from which hundreds of spectators witnessed the opening ceremony. The
Queen was received by the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, and other representatives
of the Corporation. The Recorder read an address, and the Home Secretary!
handed to the Lord Mayor a copy of the Queen's reply. After formally declaring,
the bridge open for traffic, the Queen, preceded by the Lord Mayor and Corporation,
passed under the Viaduct and through Smithfield and Giltspur Street to the east
end of the structure, where two colossal plaster statues, representing "Victory"
and " Peace," had been erected. A beautiful volume, containing a description of
the Viaduct, was handed to the Queen, who declared the second great work of the
Corporation open for the use and enjoyment of the public. The Common Council
ordered a medal to be struck in honour of the occasion. On the i8th it was
announced that a baronetcy would be conferred upon the Lord Mayor, that the
Sheriffs would be knighted, and that Colonel Fraser, Commissioner of the City
Police, would be made a Companion of the Bath.— On the occasion of the
visit of the King of the Belgians to the Queen (25th), the Lord Mayor presented
His Majesty with an address, signed by upwards of 300 Mayors, Lord- Lieutenants,
High-Sheriffs of counties, and other representative men, welcoming him to this
country, and thanking him and the Belgian people for their hospitality, especially to
the English volunteers. In the evening the Lord Mayor entertained His Majesty
at the Mansion House.— The Princess of Wales gave birth to a daughter (Maud
A.D. 1869-70 Modern History of the City of London. 263
Charlotte Mary Victoria) on the 26th, and the Corporation voted the usual address
and compliments of congratulation. — The Court recorded its deep sorrow for the
death of " that distinguished citizen and universal philanthropist," George Peabody,
which took place at Eaton Square (4 Dec). — With a view to the prevention of the
introduction into Great Britain of contagious diseases among animals, an Act was
passed (32 and 33 Vic. cap., 70), under which the Corporation was made a Local
Authority, with power to appoint inspectors, provide wharves, lairs, sheds, markets,
&c., for the landing, reception, slaughter, and sale of foreign animals, and for this
last purpose the Corporation was appointed the exclusive Local Authority in and for
the Metropolis ; subject to its providing and opening for public use a market before
I Jan., 1872. — The houses on the east side of Bath Street, Newgate Street, were
swept away to make room for the new General Post Office. — The Inner Temple
Hall was demolished. — The site of Newgate Market was sold by auction.
1870.
s. id. — It was resolved to dispose of the portion of
the Synagogue in Duke Street, Aldgate, which belonged to the Corporation.
— The Shah, Nasser-el-Din, was presented with an address by the Corporation,
and entertained at the Guildhall at a magnificent reception (20th). Upwards
of 3,000 guests were invited, and the presentation of the address was followed by
a ball ; supper being served in the Old Council Chamber. The Corporation
afterwards received a letter of thanks from the Lord Chamberlain for its hospitality,
and the excellent arrangements made for the reception of the Persian monarch.
— In view of the large attendance at the Guildhall Library, an increased staff was
ordered to be appointed, and the annual allowance for the purchase of books was
raised from ^300 to ;^500 (26th). — Prince Arthur was presented with the
honorary freedom of the Haberdashers' Company, and was afterwards entertained
at a banquet in their Hall (2 July). — The Corporation resolved to present the
freedom of the City to Sir Albert David Sassoon, K.C.S.I., in recognition of
A.D. 1873 Modern History of the City of London. 285
his munificent and philanthropic exertions in the cause of charity, and the
promotion of education; more especiaUy, though not exclusively, in our Indian
Empire (3rd). [The presentation was made 6 Nov.] — The first step towards the
establishment of a School of Music was taken on the 3rd, when the Common
Council instructed the General Purposes Committee to consider and report upon
the best means of providing approved musical performances and other intellectual
entertainments in the Guildhall, or in any other way to encourage the study of
music in the City of London for the public benefit. — The first Board School
in London was opened in Old Castle Street, Whitechapel (12th). — It was
announced that a baronetcy had been conferred upon the lord mayor, and
the dignity of knighthood upon the sheriffs. — Mr. John Braddick Monckton was
elected Town Clerk on the 17th. He polled 85 votes as against 72 for Mr.
E. T. E. Besley. — Alderman Sir David Salomons, M.P., died at Great Cumber-
land Place, Hyde Park, on the i8th.
Sir David was second son of Mr. Levy Salomons, a retired merchant and underwriter of London,
and liis wife, Matilda Detnetz, of Leyden. He was born in 1797, and married Jeannette, daughter of
Mr. Solomon Cohen in 1825. He was Sheriff of London and Middlesex 1835-6, and High Sheriff of
Kent 1839-40. He was elected Alderman 1847, and was Lord Mayor in 1855-6. He was M.P. for
Greenwich in 1851-2, and from 1859 till his death.
The Prince of Wales held a conference at Marlborough House of repre-
sentatives of the principal City Companies, with a view to discussing how
technical instruction might be promoted by the Livery Companies acting in
concert with the International Exhibition. A scheme was submitted and approved
(21st). — The new hall at the Middle-Class Schools in Cowper Street was opened
by Earl Russell (24th). — Sir Albert David Sassoon presented two scholarships of
the value of .^50 each to the City of London School (24th). — The foundation
stone of a church in Prebend Square, Islington was laid (25th). This was to
be erected by the Clothworkers' Company, in accordance with the Act providing
for the removal of William Lambe's Chapel in Monkwell Street. Free sittings
were to be set apart for 500 people. The ancient crypt of Lambe's Chapel was
reconstructed on the south side of the church of Allhallows Staining, to receive the
remains found beneath it on its demolition. — The trial commenced on 18 Aug.,
at the Central Criminal Court, of Austin Biron Bidwell, Geo. Macdonnell, Geo.
Bidwell and Edward Moyes, for forging foreign bills of exchange, and thereby
defrauding the Bank of England of over ^100,000. The whole of the prisoners
were found guilty and sentenced to transportation for life. An attempt was made
to rescue the prisoners during their incarceration in Newgate. Warders were
found to be in communication with the prisoners' friends and to have received
286
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1873
large sums of money. They were dismissed the service, and the prisoners while
awaiting trial were removed from Newgate to Pentonville. — Weigh House Chapel
was re-opened after undergoing considerable alteration at a cost of between ;^6,ooo
and ^7,000 (6 Sept.). — At the Common Council on the i8th a letter was read from
Messrs. Roy and Cartwright, announcing bequests to the Corporation by the late
Alderman Sir David Salomons, of the presentation plate given to him by the Jews
(on attaining the honour of the shrievalty), for his exertions in the advancement
of religious liberty, and of ^1,000 as an acknowledgment of the influence of the
Corporation throughout the civilised world in favour of religious toleration. This
sum was to be expended in some useful memorial of the donor in connection with
the Library and Museum. — The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, the Sheriffs,
members of the Corpora-
tion and its chief officers,
were entertained by the
Lord Mayor of York and
the Mayors of England
and Wales, at a banquet
at York, on the 25 th.
The Lord Mayor and
Sheriffs went in full state,
the procession traversing
the main streets of the City
to the Mansion House.
Dinner was served in the
Guildhall, one of the oldest
gothic rooms in the king-
dom, and was followed by
a ball in the Assembly
Rooms. — Sir Edwin
Landseer was buried in
the crypt of St. Paul's
(11 Oct.). — The Corpora-
tion ordered a medal to be
struck in commemoration
of the reception of the Shah (23rd).— The Lord Mayor laid the foundation stone
of the building of the new Safe Deposit Company at the eastern end of Queen
Victoria Street. In digging the foundations, the builders laid bare a portion ^f the
Crypt of Gerard's Hall, Basing Lane, removed for widening Cannon Street.
A.D. 1873 Modern History of the City of London. 2S7
course of the old Wall Brook, which brought to light a remarkable collection of
Roman antiquities, now preserved in the Guildhall Museum. — The Common
Council passed a resolution, congratulating the Right Hon. Russell Gurney, Q.C.,
Recorder, on his return to this country and upon the termination of his labours
in connection with the settlement of the Alabama claims (6 Nov.). — The Court
voted ;^2,ooo a year, for five years, out of the Metage on Grain Fund, in
aid of the fund that was being raised for the purchase of West Ham Park. —
The Corporation appointed one of the fifteen managers of Aske's Charity,
Hoxton, the scheme for which had been approved by Her Majesty in Council
on 9 Aug. — A controversy arose between the Churchwardens of St. Vedast
alias Foster, and the rector, the Rev. T. Pelham Dale, on account of the
ritualistic views of that clergyman and certain alterations which he had made in
the church (6 Nov.). — Alderman Andrew Lusk was elected Lord Mayor. — The
Lord Chief Baron, addressing the new Lord Mayor on the 9th, referred to the
changes in the constitution of the High Courts of Justice, and said this might be
the last time that the Chief Baron of the Exchequer would have an opportunity
of welcoming the Lord Mayor of London on such an auspicious occasion. — The
Epping Forest Commissioners opened their sittings at the Sessions House,
Westminster (nth). — The City and Spitalfields School of Art was opened in
Skinner Street, Bishopsgate (20th). This was an amalgamation with an old school
started in Spitalfields in 1841. — The School Board election in the City (28th) gave
the following result :
Alderman Cotton, 5819 ; Rev. Canon Gregory, 5703; F. Peek, 5648; S. Morley, M.P., 4851;
Sir John Bennett, 3522 ; W. S. Gover, 3432 ; Mrs. Burbury, 2136. The first four were elected.
The case of Melville v. the Corporation of London came on in the Court of
Queen's Bench ( i Dec. ). This was a claim by the painter of the picture, representing
the presentation of the freedom of the City to the Prince of Wales, for ^4,950.
The artist urged that he had been led to believe the Corporation would accept
his picture, that the work had occupied him for five years, and that a room had been
set apart for his use at the Guildhall. He had painted upwards of 450 portraits.
Mr. Justice Blackburn pointed out that there was no contract, and the plaintiff was
non-suited. — Sir Charles Reed was elected chairman of the London School
Board (loth). — Compensation was paid to certain meters, whose services were
dispensed with owing to the abolition of compulsory metage, the money being
paid out of the City of London Grain Duty (nth). — The death was announced
288 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1873-4
of Mr. Frederick Woodthorpe, late Town Clerk (19th). The deceased's grand-
father had filled the office of Town Clerk from 1801 to 1825, and his father
held the office from 1825 to 1842.
During this year the parish of St. Martin Outwich was united with that of St. Helen, Bishopsgate ;
a raihng was put round St. Paul's Cathedral ; and the Bell Savage, or Belle Sauvage, Ludgate Hill,
which in the London Gazette of 1676 was termed an " antient inn," was pulled down.
1874.
>HE Prince Consort Memorial Statue, in Holborn Circus, presented
anonymously through Mr. Charles Bacon, the sculptor, was
unveiled by the Prince of Wales (9 Jan., 1874). — Parliament was
suddenly dissolved on the 24th. At the last general election, the
minority clause had secured the return of one Conservative
candidate, Mr. Bell, who, however, was replaced on his decease by a Liberal,
Baron Rothschild. There were, therefore, four Liberal members sitting for the
City at this time. From 1857 to 1867 none but Liberals had represented the City.
Now there was a great revulsion of feeling, and when the poll was declared on
6 Feb., it was found that three Conservatives headed the list, viz., Mr. Alderman
Cotton, Mr. P. Twells, and Mr. Hubbard, and that only the minority seat was
held by a Liberal, Mr. Goschen, the other two candidates, Mr. Alderman Lawrence
and Baron Rothschild, being defeated. — The Corporation voted ^1,000 towards
the Bengal Famine Relief Fund (12th), which was opened at the Mansion
House (i6th) and in nine days reached the sum of ^25,000. The Queen
sent p^i,ooo direct to Calcutta in aid of the sufferers. — Mr. William Haywood,
the Engineer, having presented to the Commissioners of Sewers an elaborate
report on different kinds of paving, it was agreed that, under proper conditions,
asphalte, granite, and wood might continue to be laid as pavements in the
City (17th). — Dr. Letheby, Medical Officer of Health for the City of London,
resigned on account of ill-health. — The Rev. Thomas Binney, late minister of
the King's Weigh House Chapel, on Fish Street Hill, near the Monument, died
on the 24th, aged seventy-five.
Mr. Binney, who was one of the leading nonconformists of his time, was called to Weigh House
in 1829, and continued there till Jan., 1871, being succeeded by the Rev. W. Braden, of Huddersfield.
He received from the University of Aberdeen the degree of LL.D., and that of D.D. from the United
States. He introduced chanting into the service of Independent congregations, and gave a great im-
pulse to congregational psalmody by his Service of Song. One of his best known works was a book
entitled. Is it possible to make the best of both Worlds ? As a preacher he was especially attractive to
young men. At his funeral, in Abney Park Cemetery, Dean Stanley performed part of the service.
A.D. 1874 Modern History of the City of London. 289
The Saddlers' Company gave two scholarships for Oxford and Cambridge to
the City of London School (26th). — The freedom of the City was voted to Sir
Bartle Frere in testimony of his long and honourable career in India, and of his
successful mission to the east coast of Africa which resulted in a treaty with the
Sultan of Zanzibar for the total abolition of the slave trade on that coast (26th).
The presentation was made on July i6th. — It was announced on the 7 Mar. that the
Peabody Trustees had received from Mr. Peabody's executors, in accordance with the
terms of the will, a sum of ;^i 50,000, so that the whole amount given and bequeathed
by this eminent philanthropist, for the poor of London, was half-a-million sterling. —
The Corporation resolved to present the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh with plate
to the value of 3,000 guineas, as a marriage gift (16 Mar.). [The presentation was
made privately to their Royal Highnesses at the Mansion House, on 1 1 May, 1875.J
On the 1 8th an address was presented to the Queen at Windsor, and compliments
of congratulation were tendered to the Duke and Duchess at Buckingham Palace.
A ball was given in honour of their Royal Highnesses at the Mansion House on
29 Ap. — The Corporation resolved (Ap.) to present Sir Garnet Wolseley with the
freedom of the City and a sword of the value of 100 guineas, in recognition of
the ability and gallantry displayed by him in his command of the expedition to the
Gold Coast. The presentation was made at the Guildhall on 22 Oct. — The Emperor
of Russia having visited this cguntry shortly after his daughter's marriage with the
Duke of Edinburgh, the Corporation entertained His Majesty at the Guildhall and
presented him with an address on 18 May. Reference was made in the address to
the great boon which the Czar Alexander 1 1 had conferred upon his people by the
abolition of serfdom throughout his vast dominions. The Queen, through the Home
Secretary and the Lord Chamberlain, and the Emperor, through the Russian
Ambassador, expressed their great satisfaction with the magnificent hospitality of
the City. The Czar gave ^1,000 to the Bishop of London and the Lord Mayor
for the London poor. A medal was struck in commemoration of the visit. — The
City Temple, a Congregational place of worship, was opened on the Holborn
Viaduct (19th).
Externally and internally the building has a light and elegant appearance. It is in the classic
Italian style of architecture, with a tower at one end. The length of the building is i6o feet, and its
width 63 feet within, with a height of 54 feet. It affords seating accommodation for 2,500 people, but
room can be found for 500 more. The pulpit (the gift of the Corporation) is of white marble. The site
cost ^25,000, and the building ^30,000.
A licence in mortmain was obtained on the 22nd, enabling the Corporation to
hold West Ham Park (consisting of ']'] acres), as an open space, and thereupon the
290 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1874
Corporation paid the first instalment of ^2,000 to Mr. Gurney, the vendor. The
conveyance was executed on 20 July. Altogether, the Corporation expended on the
park ^18,544, exclusive of the cost of annual maintenance, which, in 1892, was
.1^1, 01 2 5.^. A^d. paid out of the City's Cash. — The Commissioners of Sewers resolved
to contribute ^130,000 towards the street improvements in connection with the Inner
Circle Railway in the neighbourhood of Fenchurch Street {26th). — The Corporation
voted ^600 as premiums for designs for a new Fruit and Vegetable Market
(2 June). — Dr. W. Sedgwick Saunders was elected Medical Officer of Health for the
City of London (9th). — The Broderers' Company presented the Corporation with a
scholarship of the value of 50 guineas per annum for the City of London School
(i8th). — It was announced that a baronetcy would be conferred upon the Lord
Mayor, and that the Sheriffs would be knighted in connection with the visit of
the Emperor of All the Russias (21st). — The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli,
Lord Derby, and the Marquis of Salisbury, were enrolled as honorary members
of the Merchant Taylors' Company (24th). — The Corporation resolved to erect
a new Fruit and Vegetable Market on the site adjoining the new Meat and
Poultry Market extension at Smithfield (29th). A Select Committee of twelve was
appointed on 22 Oct. to prepare plans and estimates. — Notwithstanding every
effort made by the Corporation, Columbia Market still proved a failure ; and it was
decided (2 June) to offer to re-transfer the property to the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.
The offer was accepted, and on 2 July instructions were given for the transfer to be
effected. — The new low-level station of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway,
at Snow Hill, was opened (i Aug.). — Mr. Alderman Challis died at Enfield at the
age of eighty (20th). From 1852 to 1858 the alderman was M.P. for Finsbury.
He was also chairman of the Sunday School Union. — Two of the masters of the
City of London School met with sudden deaths by accident, Mr. Frederick Wilton
on the top of Snowdon, and Mr. J. L. Clowes, who was drowned while bathing at
Whitby. — Mr. John Henry Foley, the sculptor, was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral,
close to the graves of Wren, Landseer, and Sir Joshua Reynolds (4 Sept.). — Various
proposals were made to the Corporation for the removal of Temple Bar, and the
whole subject was referred to a committee for consideration. — The Congress of
Orientalists, who had been sitting at the Royal Institution, were invited to a banquet
at the Mansion House (19th). — The first Hospital Saturday collection was made
(Oct. 13). — A deputation of the School Board for London, headed by Sir Charles
Reed, the chairman, presented to the Corporation a resolution of thanks for the use
of the Council Chambeir and the Committee Rooms of the Guildhall durino- the
last four years (22nd). The first meeting of the Board in its new premises on the
A.D. 1874 Modern History of the City of London. 291
Embankment was held on 30 Sept. — The Patriarch of Syria and the Bishop of
Jerusalem, who were visiting the educational institutions of the country, were
received at Christ's Hospital (26 Oct.). — The foundation stone of the new
Billingsgate Market was laid on the 27th. — While the Corporation was endeavour-
ing to secure open spaces for the public beyond its borders, it was not unmindful
of the need of utilizing, as far as possible, the little breathing spaces within the
"one square mile." On 22 Oct. it passed the following resolution : —
" That the health of the immense population of London imperatively demanding that every
available open space in the City should be preserved and utilized for purposes of recreation, it be
referred to the Coal and Corn and Finance Committee to enquire as to the existing open spaces, and
what steps (if any) should be taken to preserve them for the public ; and especially to enquire if access,
during the day-time, be obtainable by the public to the gardens of Trinity Square, Finsbury Circus, and
the enclosed ground around St. Paul's Cathedral, and to report thereon to this Court."
Alderman David Henry Stone was elected Lord Mayor. — Mr. Deputy
Harris presented a stained-glass window to the Guildhall (14th). — The Master
of the Rolls delivered judgment in the long-pending Chancery suits in regard
to Epping Forest (10 Nov.). He decided in favour of the Corporation, holding
that the right of common pasture throughout the entire forest was established,
and he ordered all the Lords of the Manors (with the exception of the Lord
of the Manor of West Ham, who had practically parted with all the wastes
of that manor), to pay the costs of the suit. By this decision all the enclosures
made subsequent to Aug., 185 1, were declared to be illegal. The decision
had the effect of keeping open and unenclosed for ever the large space of 5,000
acres of land in Epping Forest. The Town Clerk on 3 Dec. laid before the
Common Council resolutions and letters from various public bodies, thanking
the Corporation for its action in regard to the preservation of Epping Forest.
— An application was made by the Solicitor to the Treasury for ^6,000 forfeited
by John Hegan, Esq., one of the sureties for the appearance of J. J. de Lizardi.
By an arrangement between the Solicitor and the Corporation, the question at issue
was referred to the Court of Exchequer (19th). — Sir William Harcourt presided at
a public meeting in the Town Hall, Shoreditch, at which gratitude to the
Corporation was expressed for its efforts to preserve Epping Forest (9 Dec).
" Happily," said Sir William, " at last they found a champion, a happy deliverer, in the body which
had always taken a conspicuous part in the liberties of the country — the Corporation of the City.
When he contrasted the public spirit of the Corporation with the rather narrow ideas which had been
entertained by those centralising departments, who were unquestionably supposed to have a monopoly
of political success, he must say that, for his part, he preferred the policy of the Corporation. They had
been entrusted with great revenues and they had expended them well."
PP 2
292 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1874-5
The attendance for the first complete year of the new Guildhall Library
showed an aggregate of 173,559. as against 14,316 in 1868, the last year of the
old Library.— Several City churches were taken down during the year, viz.,
St. Martin's Outwich, St. James's Duke's Place, and St. Antholin's Watling
Street. The Wool Exchange in Coleman Street, and the Midland Railway Goods
Station, Whitecross Street, were erected, and the Prerogative Will Office was
removed from Doctors Commons to Somerset House.
1875.
/ ^ -^ it f3
schools, providing accommodation for from 500 to 600 boys, cost about / 15,000
(27th). — With a view to the public convenience the Corporation ordered that
Temple Bar should be removed. — The Commissioners of Sewers approved and
authorised an important scheme, under the Artizans' and Labourers' Dwellings
Improvement Act, 1875, in respect of areas in Holiday Yard, Blewitt's Buildings,
Golden Lane, and Petticoat Square. The last two sites were cleared at a cost
of ^236,604 (24 Oct.). — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion
House Fund in aid of the sufferers from the wreck of Her Majesty's ship
Thunderer. — Rev. Thomas Pelham Dale, rector of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, was
suspended by the Court of Arches for not refraining from ritualistic practices as
ordered by the Court, under the Public Worship Regulation Act (3 Nov.). —
Alderman Thomas White was elected Lord Mayor. — Lord Beaconsfield, speaking
at the Guildhall Banquet on the 9th, said : —
" We have nothing to gain by war * * * but if the struggle comes, it should also be
recollected there is no country so prepared for war as England, because there is no country whose
resources are so great. In a righteous cause, and I trust that England will never embark in war
except in a righteous cause, a cause that concerns her liberty, her independence or her empire, —
England is not a country that will have to enquire whether she can enter into a second or third
campaign. In a righteous cause England will commence a fight that will not end until right is done."
This historical speech at the Guildhall was followed by a warlike note from
the Czar, at Moscow, the next day. — Mr. George Moore, senior partner in the
firm of Copestake, Moore, Crampton and Co., Bow Churchyard, and well-known
for his religious and philanthropic work, died suddenly on the 21st.
On the previous day Mr. Moore had been knocked down and trampled upon by a frightened
horse in the streets of Carlisle. He was conveyed to a neighbouring hotel and Sir William Gull was
summoned from London, but he was unfortunately past the aid of surgical skill. At his funeral, at
Carlisle, on the 25th, the pall was borne by, among others, the Archbishop of York. At a crowded
and enthusiastic meeting, presided over by the Archbishop of Canterbury, at the Cannon Street Hotel,
on 14 Dec, it was resolved to raise a fund for a memorial to the deceased philanthropist.
The Corporation purchased the waste lands in the manor of Chingford (the
first Epping Forest negotiation), consisting of 275 acres, for ^4,000 (27th). —
A large meeting of Egyptian bondholders was held at Cannon Street Hotel to
receive from Mr. Goschen, M.P., an announcement of the results of his mission
to the Khedive (28th). — At the third election of the School Board for London,
Sir John Bennett (who headed the poll), Mr. W. S. Cover, Mr. F. Peek, and
Mr. Alderman Cotton were returned for the City, Mr. G. A. Spottiswoode being
defeated (30th). — Some Roman architectural antiquities, recently discovered in
304
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1876-7
a bastion of the London Wall, in Camomile Street, Bishopsgate, were deposited
in the Guildhall Museum (7 Dec). — The officers of the ships Alert and
Discovery recently engaged in the Arctic Expedition under Captain G. Nares,
were entertained at a banquet at the Mansion House (8th). — A third " Saddlers'
Guild" scholarship was presented to the City of London School (r4th). — Some
interesting historical discoveries were made at the Tower on the i8th.
Whilst restoring the church of St. Peter ad
Vincula, coffins containing the remains of
persons executed for state offences were
found, and by an examination of contemporary
chronicles one body was identified as that of
the Countess of Salisbury, the last of the
Plantagenets, executed by Henry VH, and
another as that of Robert Dudley, Earl of
Northumberland, the father of Lady Jane
Grey. — The church of Allhallows the Great
was partially taken down in connection with
the widening of Upper Thames Street. —
Queen Victoria Street was fast becoming a
double line of tall and costly structures, mostly
stone-faced, with an abundance of bold carving.
— The London, Chatham and Dover terminus
was carried to Holborn Viaduct, the station
and hotel having a frontage of 235 feet. The
double building, which is in the Italian style,
cost ;^ 1 20,000. — The Finsbury printing and
stationery works of Messrs. Waterlow & Sons Roman statue from Camomile Street.
were erected on the site of old Finsbury Market. The building comprises a
basement and five upper stories, and provides working room for 2,000 people.
1877.
FUND for the relief of sufferers from the inundation of the Thames
was opened at the Mansion House (13 Jan., 1877). A sum of
i:8,904 was obtained. Lord Beaconsfield ordered ^250 to be
issued from the Royal Bounty Fund especially for the benefit
of people whose dwellings had been swamped at the East End
-A resolution was passed by the Common Council in favour of a bridge or subway
A.D. 1877 Modern History of the City of London. 305
east of London Bridge, and it was referred to the Committee to obtain estimates
(25th). — The Shipwrights' Company presented its honorary freedom to Captain Sir
G. S. Nares, R.N., K.C.B., the Arctic explorer. The casket accompanying it was
a model of a sledge as fully equipped on the ice at the extreme latitude attained
by the Arctic Expedition of 1875-6 (27th). — The second reading of Mr. Cross's
Prisons' Bill was carried in the House of Commons by 279 to 69 (15 Feb.). This
Bill afterwards became law, since which time Newgate has ceased to be a gaol for
the confinement of prisoners before and during trial, and has been used only for the
temporary detention of persons awaiting trial, and for the confinement of persons
convicted of a capital charge and awaiting execution. — A meeting, attended by
representatives of the Mercers', Drapers', Goldsmiths', Merchant Taylors', Haber-
dashers', Ironmongers', Vintners', Clothworkers', Dyers', and Armourers and
Brasiers' Companies, was held at Drapers' Hall in furtherance of a proposal to
establish a Central Technical University, with affiliated schools of technical
instruction, in connection with the various Industries carried on in the suburbs
of London and the manufacturing districts of the United Kingdom (21st).
Alderman Sir S. H. Waterlow, M.P., who was acting as Chairman of the
Joint Committee of the Drapers' and Clothworkers' Companies, gave an outline
of the proposed scheme, and stated that each of the Companies he represented
had promised ^^2,000 a year, with such further assistance as might be necessary.
It was resolved to invite the assistance of the Corporation and to convene a
meeting of the representatives of such Companies as were willing to participate in
the work. — A summons, issued at the instance of the City Guardians, was heard at
a special Sessions at Guildhall against the overseers of the parish of St. Martin,
Ludgate, for non-payment of a contribution of ;^8i8. An immediate distress
warrant was ordered to be issued (17th). — Mr. C. E. Lewis's motion in the
House of Commons for a Select Committee to inquire into the affairs of
the Irish Society was rejected by 108 to 53 votes (28th). — The Directors
of the Royal Bank of Scotland assembled on the site of the old London Tavern,
Bishopsgate, on the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the new Bank
(5 Mar.). — The Home Secretary (Mr. Cross) was waited upon by a deputation,
representing fifty-five Livery Companies of the City, with reference to the motion
of which Mr. James had given notice, empowering the Crown to make full
investigation into the condition and revenues of the Guilds. The motion was
introduced on 10 Ap. and rejected by 168 to 72. — Mr. Samuel Morley, M.P.,
moved for a return showing the income of the Parochial Charities of the Cities of
London and Westminster (5th). — During the gales in the North Sea thirty-six
RR
3o6
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1877
vessels and smacks belonging to Yarmouth, Lowestoft, Grimsby, Hull, and
Ramsgate had been lost. No fewer than 215 men and boys had been drowned;
and 88 widows, 164 children and 15 aged relatives had been left entirely destitute.
A fund for the relief of the sufferers which was inaugurated at the Mansion House
realised ^'7,491, and the Corporation contributed to it 300 guineas (22nd).
— The Government reluc-
tantly agreed to a motion,
by Mr. R. Yorke, for a
Royal Commission to en-
quire into the constitution
and customs of the Stock
Exchange (20th). — The
Lord Mayor presided at a
meeting at the Mansion
House to consider a pro-
posal to establish, in a
central position in London,
an Imperial Museum for
the Colonies and India
(20th). — In furtherance of
a project for celebrating
the 400th anniversary of
the introduction of the Art
of Printing into England
a meeting was held at the
Mansion House, presided
over by the Lord Mayor
and addressed by Mr.
Anthony TroUope, Count
Munster, German Ambassador, Sir Charles Dilke, Sir Charles Reed, and others.
It was resolved that a loan collection of the works of Caxton, and of appliances
connected with printing, should be held in London in the month of June, and that
a Caxton Celebration Fund should be opened for the purpose of establishing
permanent pensions for decayed and aged printers and their widows (26 Mar.).
The Exhibition was opened by Mr. Gladstone at South Kensington (30 June).
—Mr. C. Nichols, representing the Home Secretary, completed the enquiry,
at the Guildhall, concerning the Artizans' Dwellings' Scheme in Golden Lane,—
Interior of the Stock Exchange.
A.D. 1877 jVIodern History of the City of London. 307
The second reading of the North Metropolitan Tramways Extension Bill, which
would have enabled the Company to bring their lines into the City, was defeated
in the House of Commons by 203 to 103 votes (17 Ap.). — A Sub-Committee
of the Royal Institute of British Architects was appointed to visit the City
Churches, in view of the proposed demolition of some of them ; and elaborate
reports on the subject were made by Messrs. W. M. Teulon, E. B. Ferrey
and R. Phene Spiers. — Another stage in the preservation of Epping Forest was
reached, the Corporation having obtained legal sanction for the removal of the
remaining enclosures found to be within the scope of the decree (23rd). — The
Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund (^4,674), for
recognition of the heroism displayed in rescuing, under circumstances of great
danger, the unfortunate miners who were entombed for several days in the
Colliery at Pontypridd, and also for the relief of the survivors of those who
lost their lives by the inundation (26th). — A deputation of the Municipal Council
of Paris, headed by the President, M. Bonnet- Duverdier, having visited the
Metropolis for the purpose of examining the Underground Railway and certain
Municipal institutions, were entertained at a banquet at the Mansion House
(2 May). — The Epping Forest Commissioners presented their final report to
Parliament on the 8th, which was printed by order of the House of Commons. —
The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs went in state to the Alexandra Palace to assist at
the festival on its re-opening (loth). — A Committee of the House of Commons
threw out Mr. Torrens's Bill dealing with the charities of St. Giles's, Cripplegate,
and St. Luke's parishes (iith). — Lord Chief Justice Cockburn wrote to the Lord
Mayor, with reference to the attendance of judges at St. Paul's. He said the judges
did not desire to give up attending altogether, but they wished their visits to
be once a year instead of three times, and according to an established rota. As
Serjeants' Inn, the place at which the judges were accustomed to assemble and
to be met by the City Marshal before proceeding to St. Paul's, was no longer at
their disposal, the judges attending would go separately straight to the Cathedral
and there meet the City authorities as heretofore. The letter was referred to
the privileges committee of the Court of Aldermen (i8th). — Mr. Alderman Allen
died suddenly at his office, 13, Waterloo Place (22nd).
The late Alderman of Cheap Ward, who was in his 6ist year, had spent some years of his life in
India. He was a publisher of high standing, and proprietor of Allen's Indian Mail, and formerly
carried on business in Leadenhall Street. He published, during his shrievalty, a little book, entitled
The Corporation of London ; its rights and privileges. During his Mayoralty he insisted (as did Sir
Robert Fowler at a later date), on the whole of his officers and servants having a complete rest on
Sunday. The Alderman's remains were interred at Sevenoaks.
RR 2
3o8 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1877
The Shipwrights' Company exhibited a large number of ship models and
drawings at Fishmongers' Hall (28th). — Aftera keen contest for the Aldermanic gown
of Cheap Ward, Sir John Bennett was declared elected having polled 234 votes
against 233 for Mr. Waddell (4 June). A scrutiny was demanded, but was afterwards
withdrawn. — The Holborn Viaduct Hotel was inaugurated by a banquet, given to the
directors of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway Company, by Mr. Lewis H.
Isaacs, the architect (5th). — A meeting of the associated Livery Companies was
held at Mercers' Hall to initiate a national scheme of technical education. The
Corporation sent three delegates and most of the City Companies were represented.
A committee was appointed to prepare a draft scheme. Lord Selborne being
chairman, and Mr. F. J. Bramwell, Prime Warden of the Goldsmiths' Company,
vice-chairman (7th). — The Marquis of Salisbury and the Earl of Derby attended
a banquet, given in their honour, at Merchant Taylors' Hall, the latter observing, in
reference to the rumours of war, that the greatest British interest was peace
(iith). — The honorary freedom of the City was presented to General Grant, late
President of the United States, in recognition of the distinguished ability
with which he had governed his country, and the eminent services he had
rendered to the cause of civilisation, by maintaining amicable relations with
Foreign Powers (15th). — A school, erected at the cost of the Clothworkers'
Company, was opened, at Peel, in the Isle of Man (15th). — The enormous increase
which had taken place in the value of City property was strikingly illustrated, in
connection with the sale of some property belonging to the Drapers' Company, in
Lombard Street. A house there was let in 1668 for ^25 a year. This year (1877)
the site let for ^2,600 a year ground rent, and the lessee having expended ^10,000
on the building got a return of ^7,000 a year rent (4 July). — A Bluecoat boy
named William A. Gibbs, committed suicide by hanging himself in Christ's Hospital,
after stating that he had been unduly punished for insubordination (6th). A
Coroner's jury returned a verdict of "Suicide while under temporary insanity."
A Royal Commission was afterwards appointed to inquire into the circumstances attending the death
of Gibbs and into the management of Christ's Hospital. The Commissioners were Mr. Russell Gurney,
M.P. (chairman), Mr. 'W'alpole, M.P., Mr. W. E. Forster, M.P., Mr. Walter, M.P., and the Dean of
Christ Church. The first meeting of the Commissioners was held in the Hospital Library on the i6th.
Mr. Allcroft, the treasurer, and Mr. Gibbs, the father of the deceased being under examination, but the
proceedings throughout were private. The governors held a separate enquiry the same day and it was
decided that " Speech Day " should not be observed this year.
Four lives were lost in a fire at 42, Litde Britain (9th). — A special meeting
of the Court of Aldermen was held to receive the return of the Aldermanic
election for the ward of Cheap (loth).
A.D. 1877 Modern History of the City of London. 309
Petitions were presented against the return, the consideration of which the Aldermen decided to
postpone, disregarding Sir John Bennett's protest. Another special Court was held on the 13th, the
Solicitor-General appearing for Sir John Bennett, and Mr. ^\"i^ch for the petitioners. A large and
demonstrative crowd assembled in the Court and its vicinity, it being understood that the Aldermen
would not receive Sir John as a member of their body. The Court was again broken up without
any decision having been come to. Sir John was cheered by the crowd as he left the Aldermen's
Chamber, and some of the Aldermen were hissed. Mr. Goschen took the chair at a complimentary
banquet to Sir John Bennett, at Cannon Street Hotel, on the 17th. On the 27th the Aldermen were
addressed by Mr. AMnch for the petitioners and by the Solicitor-General for Sir John Bennett, after
which they retired for about twenty minutes and discussed the matter in camera. On their return to
the Court Room the Recorder said the following motion had been adopted, Mr. Alderman Sidney
alone dissenting : " That having heard the petitioners by their counsel and witnesses, and Sir John
Bennett by his counsel, this Court doth judge and determine according to the discretion and sound
conscience of the members of this Court, Sir John Bennett, Knight, is not a person fit and proper to
support the dignity and discharge the duties of the said place and office of an Alderman of this City."
The announcement of this decision was received by the crowd, beyond the bar, with hisses and groans.
It was understood that the Lord Mayor would issue a precept for a new election.
The Corporation voted 300 guineas to the Mansion House Fund (^7,062), for
the rehef of sufferers by a great fire at St. John's, New Brunswick (12th). — The
Royal Society House, in Crane Court, Fleet Street, purchased on the motion of
Sir Isaac Newton in 17 10, was destroyed by fire on the 14th. At the time of its
destruction the house belonged to the Scottish Corporation, and had previously
been rented by the Philosophical Society, during whose tenancy, Mr. Coleridge
delivered in the hall his course of twelve lectures on Shakespeare. — On the i8th
the Common Council decided to widen London Bridge. This project, however,
met with considerable opposition and was never carried out. It was considered
that the effect of widening would be to mar the artistic beauty of the bridge. — The
church of St. Mary Aldermary, was re-opened after having been closed for
restoration during sixteen months (17th). — The new Billingsgate Fish Market was
opened on the 20 July.
This Market stands on the site of the Old Fish Market, but occupies a somewhat larger area,
in all about 40,000 feet. The basement groined and vaulted and well lighted, with a clear height
of 24 feet, and reached by stone staircases from the river and Thames Street fronts, is appropriated to
the Shell Fish Market. Above this is a General Fish Market on the Thames Street level, 43 feet high,
and carried on lattice girders of 60 feet span, supported by iron columns, 31 feet high. A gallery,
about 30 feet wide, with an area of 4,000 superficial feet, runs north and south above the General
Market. The building is Italian in character, of Portland stone, with red granite plinth. The river
front presents a handsome arcade of eleven bays with a central pediment. The Thames Street front,
with differences in detail, is similar in character. The building, which was designed by Mr, Horace
Jones, cost ^^2 7 2,000.
Mr. Alderman Knight laid the foundation stone of the new middle class
school for girls, erected in Mare Street, Hackney, by the trustees of the Lady
3IO Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1877
Holles's trust in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, under a scheme of the
Endowed Schools Commission (23rd.) — The Marquis of Hartington received the
freedom of the Fishmongers' Company, and was entertained at a banquet
at which Earl Granville, Mr. Lowe, and Lord Shaftesbury were present (25th).
— The Corporation declined to undertake the control of the Cannon Street
foot bridge, which Mr. J. Willing, lessee of the tolls of the South Eastern
Railway Company's Bridges, stated that he was about to throw open free
to the public, for six months, as an experiment (26th). — The Library Committee
reported to the Common Council upon the experimental opening of the Guildhall
Library in the evenings during the past year, and recommended that the
arrangement should be permanently continued at an annual cost not exceeding
;^i,o6o, exclusive of the charge for warming and lighting. This was agreed to,
and as an evidence of public appreciation, a letter of cordial thanks was presented
to the Court (13 Sep.), by "young men from the various mercantile and banking
establishments of the City." — The Corporation increased the allowance to inmates
of the London and Rogers' Almshouses to i6.5'. per week for married couples, and
125. for single inmates. — It was decided that the rights of twelve Deputy Day
Oyster Meters who had purchased their offices should be re-purchased by the
Corporation for the sum of ^2,500, fresh arrangements being made with respect to
oyster metage for the future (26th). — Miss Ada Louisa White (the Lady Mayoress)
was married by the Archbishop of Canterbury at St. Paul's, to Mr. Cecil Herbert
Thornton Price, this being the first wedding celebrated within the Cathedral for
120 years. The wedding breakfast was served in the Egyptian Hall, at the
Mansion House, and a most extensive and valuable collection of presents was
displayed in the State drawing room (9 Aug.). About fifty officers of the
Corporation presented the Lady Mayoress with a handsome gold bracelet, set
with diamonds. — Sir John Bennett was again returned for the ward of Cheap,
his opponent, this time, being Mr. Deputy Breffit. Sir John polled 217 votes
to the Deputy's 99 (nth). — The Lord Mayor called attention to the famine
raging in Southern India and offered to open a fund for the relief of the
sufferers. Within a week p^ 24,000 had been subscribed, and the Corporation
at its first meeting after the recess (13 Sep.), voted ^1,000 to the fund, which
eventuahy reached a total of ^'515,200. Help was indeed urgent, for the
mortality during July was 80,052 above the average, and nearly two millions
and a half of famine-stricken people were being gratuitously fed by the govern-
ment. — The report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the circumstances
attending the suicide of the boy Gibbs, at Christ's Hospital was issued.
A.D. 1877 Modern History of the City of London. 311
It was addressed to the Home Secretary, and signed by the Right Hon. Spencer H. Walpole, the
Right Hon. Russell Gurney, the Right Hon. W. E. Forster, the A'ery Rev. H. G. Liddell and Mr. John
Walter. The report stated that Gibbs was a boy of indifferent character and that the Commissioners
could not rely upon his unsupported statements. No blame was attaching to the authorities, and
though Copeland, the monitor complained of, had struck Gibbs against the rules, custom had sanctioned
this practice. Whatever defects there were in the management and discipline were not due to the
shortcomings of individuals, but to evils inherent in the system which expected that 700 boys should,
except when at lessons, be kept in order by the head-master and warden, assisted by the matron,
beadles, and some of the boys. The relations between the head-master and warden were not clearly
defined, and both were subordinate to the treasurer. As far as they could judge petty tyranny or
" buUymg " had greatly diminished during the last ten years, and Old Blues had the pleasantest
recollections of their school life.
The Court of Aldermen confirmed its previous decision with regard to Sir John
Bennett's election as Alderman, the proceedings being again marked by considerable
uproar (25th). A third election took place in the ward of Cheap on 3 Oct. ; Sir
John Bennett and Mr. Deputy Breffit again contesting the Aldermanic gown. On
the poll being announced it was found that Sir John Bennett had received 210 votes
and the Deputy 107. There was great excitement in the vicinity of the wardmote,
and Sir John addressed about 2,000 people, who had assembled in Guildhall Yard,
from a window of the Guildhall Tavern. — The Aldermen who assembled on the i6th
declined to give way. Mr. Mason, .solicitor on behalf of Sir John Bennett, admitted
that the Aldermen's right of veto was unquestionable, but, he said, it should be
clearly understood that Sir John shrank from no charges, and if made he would be
prepared to meet them. Mr. Hughes said as Sir John Bennett did not intend
to appeal to a Court of Law the petitioners left the matter in the hands of the
Court, who thereupon decided to adjourn for a week in order that they might
consider whom to appoint to fill the vacancy. On the 23rd three names were
proposed by different Aldermen, and the Court having been cleared a scrutiny was
held as in the case of the election of Lord Mayor, the result being that Deputy
Breffit was declared to ibe duly elected Alderman of Cheap. This gentleman was
admitted forthwith and invested with the Aldermanic gown, and thus closed one of
the most exciting municipal contests of modern times.
Mr. H. Homewood Crawford, in a letter to the City Press, dated 27 Oct., pointed out the
precedent of Michael Scales, who was thrice rejected by the Court of Aldermen in 1831, after being
three times elected as Alderman for the ward of Portsoken, by which it would be seen that the Lord
Mayor and Aldermen had a complete precedent and ample authority for not making public the grounds
of their recent decision in connection with the ward of Cheap. The case of Scales was heard by the
Queen's Bench, the Court of Exchequer, and afterwards by the House of Lords.
The Corporation sanctioned the making of a pathway across the portion of
the churchyard of St, Giles Without, Cripplegate, held by the parish, on lease,
312 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1877
from the Corporation, and through the " Woolpack " public-house in Hart Street
(25th). — The Lord Mayor opened the Thames Steam Ferry, at Rotherhithe
(31st).— The Corporation voted ^2,850 for a detached Hospital, in the grounds
of the City of London Lunatic Asylum, for the isolation of patients suffering from
infectious diseases (i Nov.). — Alderman Thomas Scambler Owden was elected
Lord Mayor. — The City Lands Committee were instructed to remove Temple
Bar forthwith, and to see whether a site could not be found where "the
time-honoured memorial of the City might be preserved for the respect
and admiration of future generations" (29th). — In response to an appeal from
the National Artillery Association, the Corporation decided to make an annual
grant of twenty-five guineas for a prize to be called the " Corporation of London
Prize" and to be contended for yearly at Shoeburyness (13 Dec). — The Corpora-
tion also resolved to erect a new Council Chamber at an estimated expense of
^50,000, exclusive of fittings. — A suitable steam launch was ordered for the Port
of London Sanitary Committee at a cost of ;^836 (20th). — An agreement was entered
into by the Corporation with the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's for effecting certain
improvements in the enclosed ground around the Cathedral at an estimated expense
of ^5,000, and ;^400 per annum for maintenance (20th). — The Rev. Dr. Moffat was
presented with the freedom of the Turners' Company, in recognition of his work in
South Africa (20th). — There being a sum of ^40,000 in hand for the decoration of the
interior of St. Paul's the Executive Committee passed a resolution to "carry into
effect, as far as possible, the wishes of Sir Christopher Wren by decorating the
dome with mosaic, in a similar style to the dome of St. Peter's at Rome."
The work has since been carried out by Dr. Salviati. — The City of London
was rapidly undergoing a process of re-construction, the prevailing style of
architecture being some kind of Renaissance, but there were many Gothic buildings
some Elizabethan, as the large Inn in Fenchurch Street, and some Queen Anne's,
as in Aldersgate Street and Farringdon Road. On the south side of Fleet Street,
next to Salisbury Court, ten houses, erected in 1665, were pulled down this year
and replaced by a handsome pile of buildings in the Renaissance style. — It had
long been a complaint that St. Paul's Cathedral was without a peal of bells, and
during the year several of the City Companies, in conjunction with the Baroness
Burdett-Coutts, determined to provide it with a complete peal of twelve bells.
They were cast by Messrs. Taylor, of Loughborough, weighed about 1 1 tons, and
cost ;^6,ooo. The first and second bells were presented by the Drapers' Company,
the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth by the Baroness and the Turners' Company
jointly, the seventh by the Salters, the eighth by the Merchant Taylors, the ninth
A.D. 1877-8 Modern History of the City of London. 313
by the Fishmongers, the tenth by the Clothworkers, the eleventh by the Grocers,
and the twelfth and largest, by the Corporation. — The Dyers' and Vintners'
Companies had for a long time enjoyed the privilege of keeping swans on the
Thames. The total number of these birds permitted by the Crown, as settled this
year, was about 510, of which 400 belonged to the Crown, 65 to the Dyers' and
45 to the Vintners'. The number of swans afterwards became smaller. — Founders'
Hall, St. Swithin's Lane, was rebuilt. — St. James's Church, Garlickhithe, Upper
Thames Street, and St. Luke's Church, Old Street, were restored, the latter at
a cost of over ^7,000, the churchyard being converted into a public recreation
ground. — The Canal Boats' Act (1877) imposed a large amount of additional work
upon the Port Sanitary Committee, in regard to supervision and inspection.
1878.
,hlL Corporation decided to construct a new police station m Bow
Lane, on the site of the existing one, costing ^16,500 (17 Jan., 1878).
—Mr. W. H. Smith, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty, and
Sir Charles Adderley, M.P., President of the Board of Trade,
were admitted to the honorary freedom of the Shipwrights' Com-
pany, at Grocers' Hall (23rd). — The Corporation voted .1^200 for the relief of
the distress in South Wales, which was principally due to the stoppage of a
number of great ironworks. — The Police Force was ordered to be increased
by twenty-eight men, for the purpose of regulating the vehicular traffic of
the City. — About this time, owing to the Russo-Turkish war and the attitude
of the Government towards Russia, there was great excitement, especially in
the City. The Russian troops were within a short distance of Constantinople,
and on 25 Jan., the British Fleet entered the Dardanelles. It was afterwards
withdrawn, but on 7 Feb. it was again ordered to Constantinople. The Chancellor
of the Exchequer had, meantime, moved for a credit of six millions in the
House of Commons, and the Opposition, under the nominal leadership of
Lord Hartington, was offering a divided resistance. The Government at this
critical moment found its chief support in the City, where some remarkable incidents
occurred. A meeting to denounce the threatening attitude of Lord Beaconsfield
was convened at the Cannon Street Hotel for 31 Jan. A few members of the City
Liberal Club were holding a prehminary conference in one of the rooms of the
hotel, when a mob burst into the room and dispersed the occupants. The hotel
ss
314 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1878
and its approaches were, in fact, in possession of the Government supporters.
The police were sent for and eventually the hotel was cleared. The "peace
party," however, found it necessary to abandon their public meeting. Meantime,
a large and excited crowd which had assembled outside the hotel, was addressed
by Alderman Sir Robert Garden, Gaptain Ritchie, M.P., Mr. R. N. Fowler,
chairman of the Gity Gonservative Association, Mr. E. Hughes, and others, from
the steps of the hotel. The excitement extended to Lloyd's and the Stock
Exchange, where lively demonstrations in support of the Government policy
were made. A large crowd also assembled outside the Mansion House, and
having given three cheers for the Lord Mayor proceeded to the Guildhall, which
was speedily filled, the contingent from Gannon Street Hotel having apparently
met there also. Lord Mayor Owden, who had been presiding at the Gommon
Gouncil, was persuaded to take the chair, and after the singing of patriotic airs
and the waving of the British flag, which caused considerable excitement, resolu-
tions were carried amid great enthusiasm. These resolutions were presented
to the Prime Minister, through Lord John Manners, and the following reply
was received from the Earl of Beaconsfield :
" Such a decided and spontaneous expression of opinion in favour of the Foreign policy of Her
Majesty's Government by so important an assemblage, will strengthen Her Majesty's Government in
their endeavours to preserve peace, to support the honour of our Sovereign, and to secure the interests
of our country."
On the day of the Guildhall demonstration, a largely attended meeting of
Nonconformists was held at the Memorial Hall, to protest against the vote of six
millions, " or any other measure calculated to embroil this country at the present
crisis." On the following day (i Feb.), the merchants at the Gorn Exchange
passed a resolution of confidence in the Government by a large majority. On
the 8th, the Gredit vote was carried in the House of Gommons by 328 to 124.
— The Right Hon. Russell Gurney, Q.G., M.P., the Recorder, tendered his
resignation to the Gourt of Aldermen, on account of ill-health (5 Feb.). The
Gommon Gouncil was "deeply moved" on receiving the news and passed a
resolution referring to Mr. Russell Gurney's twenty years of service, during
which time he had obtained "the confidence of Parliament, the approbation of
the public, and the esteem and respect of every member of the Gorporatlon." —
The Gommon Gouncil resolved to make a new road to Ghingford railway station
to open up Epping Forest, at a cost of ^600 (14th). — At the same Gourt the
Recorder's salary was fixed at .^3,000 a year. — A remarkable gathering of
clergy in "retreat" took place at St. Paul's G^thedral,
A.D. 1878 Modern History of the City of London. 315
At 7.15, the Dean of St. Paul's celebrated the Holy Communion in the Crypt Chapel, Canon
Gregory assisting him. .\t 8 o'clock there was a second celebration in the choir, the Bishop of
London being the celebrant, assisted by the Archdeacon of London (Bishop Piers Claughton) when
some hundred clergymen communicated. Many were present at the lo o'clock ordinary matins, and
from the hour when the service was concluded till 11.30, a large number of clergymen remained on
their knees. The leading London clergy of all shades of opinion listened to a sermon by the Bishop
of London (26th).
Sir Thomas Chambers, Q.C., M.P., Common Serjeant, was elected Recorder
by the Court of Aldermen (5 Mar.). — At a public meeting at the Mansion House,
it was resolved to promote the holding of a great Agricultural Exhibition in
London, the following year, under the auspices of the Royal Agricultural Society of
England (13th). — The site of the church of Allhallows Bread Street was sold for
^32,254 (20th). — The quincentenary of Wycliffe was celebrated in the City. There
was an early service at St. Anne's, Blackfriars, where Dr. Vaughan, Master of the
Temple delivered an address, another service at the City Temple, and a meeting
at the Mansion House, presided over by the Lord Mayor (22nd). — Two new
schemes, one relating to Sir Andrew Judd's School at Tonbridge, and the other to
a new school to be established there, had been prepared by arrangement between
the Skinners' Company and the Charity Commissioners (30th). — The Right Hon.
R. A. Cross, M.P., Home Secretary, was admitted to the honorary freedom
and livery of the Clothworkers' Company (3 Ap.). — Sir U. Kay Shuttleworth's
resolution, in favour of London Municipal Reform was defeated in the House of
Commons by 116 votes to 73. Mr. Goschen spoke in support of the resolution
(5th). — Mr. William Thomas Charley, M.P., D.C.L., was elected Common Serjeant,
at a salary of ^2,000 a year (i ith). — The church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, was
re-opened, after undergoing considerable alterations and repairs (21st). — The City
made its first experiments in electric lighting at the Mansion House and Royal
Exchange. The result was not considered to be very satisfactory (8 May). — Mr.
Alderman Carter died at his residence, Stamford Hill. — The members of the Bar
practising at the Central Criminal Court presented Mr. Russell Gurney with
an illuminated photographic album, containing a valedictory address (8th). —
The memorial stone of the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel in Bridgewater
Gardens, Barbican was laid (15th). This chapel was founded in 1774 in Smithfield,
and was afterwards removed to Wilderness Row, and thence to Jewin Crescent,
where it remained fifty-four years. — The Right Hon. Russell Gurney, Q.C., M.P.
(late Recorder), died at Palace Gardens, Kensington (31st). Dean Stanley con-
ducted the funeral service at Kensal Green Cemetery. — An attempt having been
made to assassinate the Emperor William of Germany, the Court of Aldermen passed
ss 2
o
i6 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1878
a resolution expressing sympathy with His Majesty (3 June). — The Clothworlcers'
Company presented its honorary freedom to the Right Hon. W. E. Forster, M.P.
(^th).— The Court of Arbitration appointed to hear appeals in respect to the
Golden Lane and Petticoat Square scheme, under the Artizans and Labourers'
Dwehings Act, concluded its sittings in the Aldermen's Chamber at Guildhall
(5th). — Mr. William Corrie, the Remembrancer, sent in his resignation to the
Common Council (6th).— The Court resolved to take down the upper portion of
the wall of Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, next to Bunhill Row, leaving the
lower portion, and adding an iron coping and palisading, with a pair of gates,
at a cost of ^430. — The Corporation subscribed 100 guineas to the Mansion
House Fund for the relief of sufferers from the Haydock Colliery Explosion, which
reached a total of ^1,128 (20th). — The King of Bonny was present at a meeting
at the Mansion House to hear a statement from Mr. Donald Mackenzie on
the opening up of Central Africa to commerce and civilization (27th). — The
Lady Mayoress opened a very successful exhibition of the Fanmakers' Company
at Drapers' Hall (2 July). — The Tithe Question at Christ Church, Newgate
Street (St. Bartholomew's Hospital v. Phillips), was settled by the Master of
the Rolls. — The Common Council voted ^500 to the Mansion House Fund for
the London International Agricultural Exhibition (4th). This fund amounted
to ^8,580. — The Library Committee obtained authority to print and publish
extracts from the records relating to the possession of Richmond Park by the
Corporation at the time of the Commonwealth, and its subsequent surrender by
them to King Charles H. — It was reported that a marble relievo "Peace, or the
Soldier's return " had been completed for the Corporation, by Mr. Bell. It repre-
sented the return of Wellington and his army after the declaration of Peace following
the Battle of Waterloo. — The Epping Forest Act, 1878, was read a third time in
the House of Commons and passed. The forest was by this Act placed under the
regulation and management of the Corporation of London, acting by the
Court of Common Council as the conservators of the forest, a proposal by
Mr. Fawcett to give the Metropolitan Board of Works representation on the
Committee of Management having been rejected by the decisive vote of 209
to 49. The Corporation were empowered by the Act to appoint a Committee of
twelve, to be styled the Epping Forest Committee, and the four verderers who
are elected by the commoners In pursuance of the Act are also members of the
Committee. — About this time the Tin-plate Workers' alias Wire Workers'
Company opened an exhibition at the Crystal Palace. — Mr. Goschen's resignation
as one of the representatives of the City was tendered at a meeting of the City
A.D. 1878
Modern History of the City of London.
317
Liberal Club (15th). Mr. Goschen afterwards addressed a letter to the Liberal
electors and the Livery, explaining that he was retiring in consequence of his views
on the extension of the County Franchise. — Mr. Alderman Fowler, in the absence
of the Duke of Richmond, laid the foundation stone of the City Carlton Club,
St. Swithin's Lane. — The Earl of Beaconsfield and the Marquis of Salisbury, having
returned from the Berlin Congress, bringing "peace with honour," the Corporation
decided to confer upon them the freedom of the City, and to entertain them at a
dejeuner in the Guildhall. The ceremony took place on 3 Aug., in the great hall,
where some 2,000 persons had assembled. The Chamberlain (Mr. B. Scott)
in addressing Lord Salisbury referred to the fact that Lord Salisbury could claim
descent from no less than three Aldermen of this City, the last of whom, Sir Crisp
Gascoyne, was the first Lord Mayor to occupy (in 1752) the present Mansion House.
— The Christ Church, Newgate Street, Tithes Commutation Bill was rejected in
the House of Commons by 78
votes to 71 (8 Aug.). — The City
Solicitor laid before the Common
Council the Act for "the dis-
afforestation of Epping Forest,
and the preservation and manage-
ment of the enclosed parts as an
open space for the recreation and
enjoyment of the public and for
other purposes" (9th). — The
church of St. Dionis Backchurch,
Fenchurch Street, one of Wren's
churches, was demolished, the
benefice being united with that
of Allhallows, Lombard Street.
— Medallions of Temple Bar were
ordered to be struck out of the
lead from the roof of that struc-
ture. — A fire occurred at Castle
Baynard Wharf Blackfriars
(Messrs. Price), the damage being
estimated at ^^35,000 (3 Sep.). — One of the most terrible river disasters occurred
the same day on the Thames. The " Princess Alice," crowded with excursionists
from Southend and Gravesend, was run into by the steamer " Bywell Castle,"
St. Dionis Backchurch.
1 8 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1878
off Woolwich, and foundered. A Mansion House Fund was immediately
opened, and the Queen telegraphed to the Lord Mayor, asking his lordship
to assist Her Majesty in making known her deep sympathy with the friends
of the sufferers. The Mansion House Fund reached a total of ^38,246. —
On 14 Sept. another fund was opened at the Mansion House for the relief of
sufferers from the dreadful explosion at the Abercarne Colliery, near Newport,
South Wales, when 257 lives were lost. This fund amounted to .^33,007.
— The last sermons were preached in Jewin Street Wesleyan Chapel prior to
its demolition (22nd). — Waterloo and Charing Cross Bridges were opened,
free of toll, by the Metropolitan Board of Works (5 Oct.). — The Church of
St. Augustine, Old Change, was re-opened, after being closed for re-decoration
(loth). — Rev. W. H. Aitken conducted a series of special services for young
men at the Guildhall, beginning on the 22nd. — Centenary services commenced
at the City Road Wesleyan Chapel (27th). — Mr. Charles Henry Robarts was
elected Remembrancer (31st). — The new bells of St. Paul's were dedicated
(i Nov.). The Corporation bell cost .^639 18.5-. — The Common Council agreed
to the construction of a low level bascule bridge across the Thames, east of
London Bridge, and resolved to approach Parliament for the necessary powers
to raise ^500,000 on the credit of the Bridge House Estates, and for a
continuance of the Coal Dues, which were to provide the balance of ^250,000
(7th). — Alderman Charles Whetham was elected Lord Mayor. — Lord Beaconsfield,
speaking at the Guildhall banquet, where there was "a chance of hearing the
voice of sense and truth," said, what we needed was a "scientific frontier"
in Afghanistan. He expressed his belief that Russia would carry out with
integrity the Berlin Treaty, and added that the Government were determined
it should be complied with both in spirit and in letter (9th). — The Common
Council decided to remove the City of London School from Honey Lane
Market to the Victoria Embankment (14th). — The Corporation also resolved
to go to Parliament for authority to dis-market the Meat and Poultry
Markets at Leadenhall, with a view to the construction of a new Meat, Fish
and Poultry Market, on or near the existing site. — St. Botolph's Church,
Aldersgate, was re-opened after extensive alterations and repairs (17th). —
A large deputation, headed by Mr. Alderman Figgins, and representing the
vestry of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, the City United Wards' Club, the City of
London Tradesmen's Club, and the Bartholomew Club, had an interview with the
Home Secretary, on the subject of the unprotected state of the City, in case of
fire, owing to the withdrawal of fire stations from the City (19th).
A.D. 1878 Modern History of the City of London. 319
It was pointed out that the districts in question (the western districts) were little better ofif than
they were fifty years ago when they depended, in case of an outbreak of fire, on the small parish
engines. Down to the year 1866 each parish in the City had its own fire engine, and was aided
by the several fire offices, who provided twenty effective fire engine stations, with all the men and
appliances necessary, eight stations with 131 men being available for immediate use in the City. Now
only two stations, Watling Street and Bishopsgate, with fewer men, were available. Mr. Cross (the
Home Secretary) promised to communicate with the Metropolitan Board of Works, and at the next
meeting of the Board (29 Nov.) the Fire Brigade Committee was authorised to place additional men at
the fire stations in the City, and to make other provisions for the protection of the City from fire.
Dr. Tristram, Vicar-General of the Bishop of J^ondon, held a Consistory
Court in St. Paul's Cathedral, for the purpose of hearing an application on behalf
of the Churchwardens of St. Sepulchre, Middlesex, for an order to restrain any
deviation from the terms of the faculty granted by the Bishop for the restoration of
the parish church (25th). The subject had created a considerable amount of
feeling in the parish. — A mass meeting of watermen and lightermen of the river
Thames was held at Cannon Street Hotel, and the report of the Board of
Trade on the " Princess Alice " disaster was condemned as a grave impeachment
of nearly 9,000 public servants. — About this time several important experiments
with electric lighting were made in the City. Billingsgate Market was illuminated
by the Jablochkoff system on the 25th, and the same system was tried on
Holborn Viaduct on 14 Dec. The Thames Embankment was also lighted
experimentally on the 13th, and about the same time the Prince of Wales and
other distinguished visitors witnessed the experiments at the Times office. — The
bell of St. Paul's was tolled for the death of Princess Alice, whose loss was universally
regretted (i8th). The Corporation passed a vote of condolence with the Queen and
Royal family, and referred to the Princess as one " whose virtues had rendered her
universally beloved." — On the 19th the Lord Mayor, six Aldermen, the Recorder,
and twelve members of the Common Council were appointed to serve on the Board
of Governors of the Livery Companies, for the advancement of Technical Educa-
tion. — Leathersellers' Hall was re-built on a large scale, and in the Elizabethan
style, from designs by the Company's Surveyor, Mr. G. A. Wilson. The Livery
hall is 32 feet by 26. One of the most noteworthy features of this building are the
hand-wrought iron gates at the entrance. — Cannon Street Railway Bridge was
permanently closed with the consent of the Metropolitan Board of Works. — The
removal of Temple Bar was commenced towards the close of the year. The stones
of the grim old edifice (about a thousand in number) lay exposed to the weather for
nearly ten years. Upon the request of Sir H. B. Meux, Bart., the Common
Council presented the stones to him in June, 1887, for the purpose of re-erecting
Temple Bar at the entrance to Theobald's Park, Cheshunt. — By Act of Common
320 Modem History of the City of London. a.d. 1878-9
Council all orders relating to the nomination and election of Sheriffs were repealed,
and fresh regulations substituted. — In the course of some repairs at St. Paul's
Cathedral a discovery was made of the basement walls, in the cloister and chapter
house of the former cathedral, relics of a building every trace of which was supposed
to have disappeared. — The Wellington Monument, upon which Mr. Stevens had
been at work for twenty years, was at last completed, but it was placed in the south-
west chapel of the cathedral where it could not be seen to any advantage. [The
removal of this monument to its present position in the north side of the nave was
successfully completed in Jan., 1894. J
1879.
HE Charity Commissioners issued a draft scheme for the future
administration of Alleyn's College, Dulwich (4 Jan., 1879). — Lord
Penzance, the Dean of Arches, heard in a Committee Room of the
House of Lords the case of Sergeant and others v. Dale (loth).
On a former occasion the Rev. T. Pelham Dale was prosecuted
for ritualistic practices in St. Vedast Church, Foster Lane, and condemned by the
Court of Arches. The proceedings, however, were subsequently set aside by the
Court of Queen's Bench. The present suit was authorised by the Bishop of
London, and on 10 Feb. judgment was given against Mr. Dale who was
condemned with costs. The ritualistic practices were, however, continued. — The
Charity Commissioners issued a scheme dealing with Dean Clarke's Charity for
St. Paul's Cathedral and the augmentation of Benefices (15th). — Sir Arthur
Hobhouse, O.C, K.C.S.I., having been appointed Arbitrator in matters of dispute
between the Conservators of Epping Forest and parties claiming an interest in the
Forest, the first case, that of Mr. Mills, was heard at 6, Old Palace Yard,
Westminster (i6th). — The new Jewin Welsh Chapel in Fann Street, Aldersgate,
a Gothic structure, costing ^10,000, was opened on the 17th. — The freedom of the
City, in a gold box, was voted to Sir Rowland Hill, K.C.B., in acknowledgment of
the great social and commercial benefits this country has derived from the adoption
in 1840 of his system of uniform penny postage in the United Kingdom (30th). In
consequence of the state of Sir Rowland's health and his advanced age (83) the
presentation was made by a small deputation, accompanied by the Chamberlain
and Town Clerk, at the residence of Sir Rowland Hill, at Hampstead, on 6 June.
Sir Rowland having signed the Roll of Honorary Citizens, the Chamberlain pointed out to him
that he was the third of the name and family connected with the City of London. The first was Sir
Rowland Hill, citizen and mercer, who was Lord Mayor in 1549, and the second. General Sir Rowland
Hill, who received the freedom in 18 14 for his services at the Battle of Vittoria,
A.D. 1879
Modern History of the City of London.
321
The result of several years' litigation between the parish of St. Michael's,
Cornhill, and the City of London Real Property Company, as to a right of way in
St. Michael's Alley, having been to finally affirm the title of the parish as owners
of the space formerly covered by the Churchyard wall, the parish authorities gave
effect to the decision by re-building the wall across the footpath (5 Feb.). — The
Fanmakers' Company petitioned
the Court of Aldermen for per-
mission to increase the number of
the Livery of that Guild from 60
to 200. It was intimated that the
fine payable on admission to the
freedom and Livery would be raised
and that ladies would be received
as members. The Aldermen
after some discussion granted the
application. A question was asked
by Mr. James, in the House of
Commons (28th), as to whether a
City Company could be allowed,
in this way, to create parlia-
mentary votes, and the Home
Secretary replied that he supposed
they were within their rights.
Mr. James, not satisfied with the
answer, moved (13 Mar.).
That the sale of the Parliamentary
franchise by the City Guilds, with the
consent of the Court of Aldermen, is an
abuse and should be abolished.
Wellington Memorial, St. Pauls Cattiedr;>l.
Sir Charles Dilke and Mr.
Herschell supported the motion, which was opposed by Alderman Cotton,
Mr. Charle)', and Sir Trevor Lawrence, who said at least two-thirds of the Court
of the Fanmakers' Company were good Liberals. The motion was defeated
by 153 votes to 114. The Aldermen resolved (25 Mar.) that in future such
applications should be referred to a Committee of the Court. — The rapidly in-
creasing charges made by the London School Board gave rise to a long discussion
in the Commission of Sewers, extending over three sittings. A condemnatory
TT
322 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1879
motion was carried by 29 votes to 19 (25 Feb.). — Rev. F. G. Blomfield, M.A.,
Prebendary of St. Paul's and Rector of St. Andrevi^ Undershaft (son of the
late Bishop of London), died at Ilfracombe (28th). — Under the auspices of
a Committee of Clergymen, formed to consider the relation of the Church to
Trades Unions, the first meeting of a series was held at the Chapter House,
St. Paul's Churchyard, to discuss the question "How far is over-production
the cause of the present commercial depression?" Rev. J. Oakley, Vicar
of St. Saviour's, Hoxton, presided, and the meeting was addressed by Messrs.
Brassey, Geo. Potter, E. J. Watherston, Mundella, M.P., Broadhurst, and others
(i Mar.). — Weston, the pedestrian, reached the Royal Exchange at 11.54 on the
ist, having walked 2,000 miles in 1,000 consecutive hours and lectured in fifty
towns. — Colonel Haywood (Engineer to the Commissioners of Sewers), reporting
on the lilectric Lighting Experiment on Holborn Viaduct, said "The principal
results appeared to be that the light was about seven and a-half times the cost of
gas, and that, subject to the conditions under which it is given off, the illuminating
power was about seven times that of gas" (nth). — Mr. P. Wyndham moved in the
House of Commons for a return of the number of churches in the City pulled
down or now condemned under "The Union of Benefices Act, i860 ;" stating how
much had been realised by the sale of the site ; what new churches had been built
out of the proceeds in lieu of the churches pulled down ; their situation and cost,
and what had been done with the parochial endowments. This was agreed to
(i2th). — Mr. Douglas Straight, who had been engaged in extensive practice at the
Central Criminal Court, was appointed to the Judgeship of the High Court of the
North-west Provinces of India; at a salary of ;!f4,500 a year. — The King of the
Belgians, who was presented with the honorary freedom of the Turners' Company,
said "The late King, my father, felt great pride and satisfaction in belonging to one
of the great commercial fraternities of this City" (i8th). — The Drapers' Company
offered three new scholarships to the London School Board, two to be competed
for by boys and one by girls (26th). — The Corporation resolved to present an
address to the Queen on the occasion of the marriage of the Duke of Connaught
with Princess Louise Margaret, third daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of
Prussia (27th). The address was presented at Windsor (13 May). — A proposal,
made by the Conservators of Epping Forest, for an assessment of is. per cent, upon
land illegally held and enclosed came before Sir Arthur (now Lord) Hobhouse for
arbitration at Guildhall (i Ap.). The Arbitrator awarded ^^24 an acre in a test
case as to the value of the rights of fuel possessed by some 24 owners and
occupiers of lands in the manors of Waltham Holy Cross and Sewardstone,
A.D. 1879 Modern History of the City of London. 3-3
and on this basis all the owners of "Fuel Assignments" were compensated
at an expenditure of about ^15,000. — Dr. Vaughan, Master of the Temple,
was consecrated Dean of Llandaff. — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to
the Mansion House Fund for the relief of sufferers from the terrible floods in
Hungary (3rd). This fund reached a total of ^11,265. The Corporation also
voted 100 guineas to the Zulu War Sufferers' Relief Fund (Mansion House), which
amounted to ^15,709. — The Remembrancer (Mr. C. H. Robarts) having com-
plained of the unsatisfactory state of the internal organization of his office, the
Common Council resolved that while regretting the differences which had arisen
between the Remembrancer and his Clerks it declined to dismiss Mr. Howkins,
the Chief Clerk, whose apology should have been accepted (3rd). — A Library,
Museum, and other rooms and offices were added to St. Bartholomew's Hospital,
and opened by the Prince of Wales. — The eastern block of the new Palace of
Justice, was opened on the 21st. — A special Musical Military Service was held at
St. Paul's, a sermon being preached on behalf of the Royal Society for Daughters
of Officers of the Army (29th). — The Cutlers' Company's exhibition was opened
by the Earl of Carnarvon at the Hall in Cloak Lane (i May). This old Hall
was pulled down shortly afterwards (1883). — The Church of St. Katherine Cree,
Leadenhall Street, was re-opened after having been thoroughly repaired and re-
decorated (4th). — Mr. James Grant, author and journalist, and editor of t\\& Morning
Advertiser, from 1850-7 [, died at the age of seventy-seven (23rd). — It having
been proposed to remove the Fish trade of Billingsgate to a more central and easily
approached position, the Common Council resolved that having recently expended
^300,000 on the enlargement and improvement of the Market, which was
appreciated by the trade and was a great financial success, they did not consider
it desirable to remove it from the present site (29th). — The Coach Makers
and Coach Harness Makers' Company opened an interesting exhibition at the
Mansion House (2 June). — Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild, for many years
member of Parliament for the City, and head of the great mercantile house of
N. M. Rothschild & Sons, New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, died on the 3rd at
his residence in Piccadilly.
The deceased baron, who had been partially an invalid for some years, was the grandson and
English representative of Meyer Anselm, the founder of the House of Rothschild and of its fortunes
at Frankfort. Lionel was born in New Court, St. Swithin's Lane, in 1808, and succeeded to the title of
Baron on the death of his father in 1836. His persistent and successful struggle for the admission of
Jews to Parliament has been already recorded. One of his most noteworthy transactions was the advance
to the Government, of which Lord Beaconsfield was premier, of ^4,000,000, to purchase the Khedive's
shares in the Suez Canal. This turned out a very good investment for the country as well as for the
Rothschilds, whose conimission amounted to ;j^99,4i4 11s. id.
TT 2
324
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1879
The Cloth workers' Company voted ^13,500 for a building for the textile
industries and dyeing instruction departments at Yorkshire College, Leeds, and
agreed to maintain the building in operation for five years (6th). The College was
opened 3 Dec, 1880. About the same time the Company presented a number of
scholarships to various educational institutions. — The first Board School in the
City was opened by Sir Charles Reed, Chairman of the London School
Board, in Greystoke Place, Fetter Lane (loth). The total cost of the building
and site was ^15,558 or £t,^ it,s. Sd. per head. — It was referred to the Music
Portion of Frieze, new Cutlers' Hall, Warwick Lane.
Deputation to ascertain if there were any demand for musical education in the
City, such as was supplied at the West End of London, and the best mode of
supplying the same (i9th).^The Corporation offered its condolence to the ex-
Empress Eugenie on the irreparable loss which had befallen her in the untimely
death of her only son, who had fallen a victim to "an impulsive instinct of chivalry,
characteristic of the nation to which he belonged." The Prince Imperial, whose
untimely fate was lamented, was killed by natives in South Africa. — The Corporation
instructed the Finance Committee to consider the desirabiHty of purchasing Burnham
Beeches (26th). A fortnight later a provisional agreement was entered into with
Sir Henry Peek, Bart., the then owner, for the purchase of 374 acres, 2 roods, 23
poles of the waste lands of the Manor of Allerds, in East Burnham, in the county
of Bucks, comprising an open space known as East Burnham Common and
Burnham Beeches, the latter famed for its magnificent beech trees. — On the same
day Mr. John Alexander Brand was elected Comptroller. — The Lord Mayor and
Sheriffs attended the opening of the International Agricultural Exhibition (30th).
His Lordship, as Chairman of the Mansion House Committee, entertained the
A.D. 1879
Modern History of the City of London.
325
Prince of Wales (its President) and the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society
of England to a banquet at the Mansion House (i July). — Lord Beaconsfield on the
same day was presented with the honorary freedom of the Grocers' Company ; this
compliment had been voted more than four years before, but his Lordship's onerous
functions had, hitherto, prevented his attendance at the Hall to receive it. — Owing
to the agricultural depression, the Haberdashers' Company, who owned some 1,200
acres, tried the experiment of farming their own land (2nd). — Rev. W. Walsham
How, rector of Whittington, Salop, was nominated Bishop of Bedford, under the
Portion of Frieze, new Cutlers' Hall, Warwick Lane.
Act of Henry VIII, as Suffragan to the Bishop of London with charge of the
eastern and northern divisions of the Diocese. The living of St. Andrew
Undershaft (;^2,ooo per annum), was attached to the Bishopric as an endowment
(7th). Dr. How was consecrated at St. Paul's on the 25th. — An Act had been
passed enabling the Corporation to carry out their scheme for the erection of a new
City of London School, on the Thames Embankment, on land belonging to them
of the value of ^100,000. The school buildings were to cost another ^100,000
(loth). — The Common Council agreed to erect a new fruit and vegetable market
at a cost of ;^i 15,000, and an additional sum of ^2,100 was voted for the
vehicular approach to the vaults beneath the Poultry and Provision Markets (loth).
— The church of St. Mary Abchurch with St. Laurence Pountney was re-opened
after renovation and re-decoration (13th). — A meeting of representatives from
City Charities was held at St. Bartholomew's Hospital to protest against the
Government proposal for a tax of one per cent, on the gross income of all
charities for the expenses of the Charity Commissioners (14th). — The scheme of
326 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1879
the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for uniting the benefices of St. Nicholas Cole
Abbey with St. Nicholas Olave, and St. Mary Somerset with St. Mary Mounthaw,
into a united benefice with St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, and St. Peter's, Paul's
Wharf, was approved by Her Majesty in Council. — An additional slaughter house
and other improvements were ordered at the Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford, at
an expense of ^25,000 (i8th). — A Select Committee of the House of Commons,
appointed to enquire into the merits of the Tower (High Level) Bridge Bill,
decided that the preamble of the Bill had not been proved (21st). — A new
church built by the Goldsmiths' Company, at East Acton, was consecrated
by the Bishop of London (22nd). — The Salters' Company established two
exhibitions of the value of ^80 per annum each, for the encouragement of the
study of natural science, at one of the Universities, being open to competition by
scholars of the City of London and King's College Schools (24th). — The Corpora-
tion decided to restore the East window of the beautiful Lady Chapel of St. Albans
Abbey at a cost of ^350 (24th). — ^The City Lands Committee was authorised to
co-operate with the Society of Arts in the erection of memorial tablets in the City.
— The Common Council ordered the construction of sewers and vaults in connection
with their vacant land on the Victoria Embankment at an expense of ^12,500. —
It was decided to complete the Corporation Buildings, Farringdon Road, by erecting
an additional block at a cost of ^^4, 500. — A sum of ^6,520 was voted for the repaving
of Blackfriars Bridge (24th). — The church of St. Peter, Cornhill, celebrated its
17th centenary (27th). — At the Mansion House banquet to Her Majesty's
Ministers, Lord Beaconsfield defended his foreign policy and said it was the
patriotism of the City of London that had supported the Government during
the recent crisis. He was sorry he could not congratulate them on the termination
of the commercial depression which had lasted over four years (6 Aug.). — The
annual conference of the Association for the reform and codification of the Law of
Nations was opened at the Guildhall, the Lord Mayor presiding. Sir Robert
Phillimore delivered the inaugural address (iith). — At a special sitting of the
Consistory Court of London at St. Paul's Cathedral, Dr. Tristram, the Vicar-
General, gave his decision in regard to the restoration of St. Sepulchre's
Church, situated partly in the City of London and partly in the County of
Middlesex. The decision was in favour of the Middlesex Churchwardens who
objected to some of the proposed alterations (9th). — " Tower Chambers " was
completed at the corner of London Wall, facing the Old Moorgate.
The site of this building was formerly occupied by the Albion Presbyterian Chapel. The soil,
30 feet below, was perfecdy black and in some places putrid, probably from the number of bodies
deposited here during the Plague.
in
328 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1879
St. Mary-le-Bow Church, Cheapside, was re-opened, the interior having
been thoroughly restored by Mr. A. W. Blomfield (14 Sept). — The enclosed
space round the north-eastern part of St. Paul's, having been converted by the
Corporation into a pleasant garden, was publicly opened by the Lord Mayor
on the 22nd. Here the weary may sit amidst flowers and shrubs, beneath
the shadow of the great Cathedral, and enjoy rest and seclusion from the
turmoil of City life ; flocks of pigeons may be seen here daily, so tame
that they will feed out of children's hands. It is a small garden, but it is a
great boon to many of the workers round about and to the children of the
neighbourhood, as well as to visitors from a distance. — At the beginning of Oct.
the new Manchester Hotel, Aldersgate Street, was opened for business. Some
famous taverns had occupied the site on which this hotel now stands at the corner
of Long Lane. Here, in succession, were the "Sun," the "Half Moon," and the
" Magpie." — Mr. Deputy Hartridge presented the Guildhall Library with a collection
of cuttings and engravings, descriptive of London and the various changes which
have taken place in the City and its suburbs. — A printed catalogue of the books
and manuscripts forming the library of the Dutch Church in Austin Friars, also
deposited in the Guildhall Library, was printed at this time. — An Act having been
passed empowering the Corporation to improve the Surrey side approaches to
London Bridge, the matter was referred to Committee (16 Oct.). — A petition
presented to the Common Council to open the Guildhall Library on Sundays from
two o'clock was, after discussion, rejected by 104 votes to 34 (i6th). — The church
of St. Margaret Pattens with St. Gabriel Fenchurch was re-opened after renova-
tion and alteration (19th). — The foundations were laid of a new building for the
Jerusalem Coffee House, in Cowper's Court, Cornhill. The Jerusalem, which
was one of the first Coffee houses established in the City, is used largely by
merchants, shipowners and ship captains. — The first lecture in connection with
the City and Guilds of London Institute for the advancement of Technical
Education was delivered in Cowper Street Schools, Finsbury, by Professor W. E.
Ayrton, who chose for his subject "The improvements science can effect in our
trades, and in the condition of our workmen" (i Nov.). At the close of the
lecture Mr. F. J. Bramwell, who presided, explained the object which the Institute
had in view. He said : —
" Many of them had for a long time earnestly desired to see an improvement in the technical
knowledge of the workmen of England. They had seen the apprenticeship system dying out, as
mechanical appliances were substituted for handicraft labour, and they felt that there was no provision
made in this country to enable a workman to follow intelligently the principles which guided him in
the peculiar manufacture in which he was engaged. The City and Guilds of London Institute did not
A.D. 1879 Modern History of the City of London. 329
propose to establish a workshop where actual handicrafts were to be taught, but to suggest such
practical teaching as should always form an adjunct to the training of the workshop, and to show the
application of science and art to the ordinary industries."
The London School Board resolved to close the recently opened school
in Greystoke Place, Fetter Lane, on account of its insanitary condition (4th). —
Sir Francis Wyatt Truscott was chosen Lord Mayor. — The City Carlton Club's new
premises in St. Swithin's Lane were opened (12th). The club was established
in 1867 at 83, King William Street, where it had hitherto remained. The
new club house was designed by Mr. R. Roberts, architect, and cost about ^40,000,
including the sums paid for unexpired leases. — A fund was started about this time
at the Mansion House for a national memorial to the late Sir Rowland Hill, the
objects being to establish a Benevolent Institution for aged and distressed Post
Office servants and those dependent on them, and to erect a statue or other
monument of the deceased. The Corporation voted 100 guineas to this fund.
— The School Board election in the City resulted in the return of Mr. H. Spicer
(who headed the list). Miss Davenport Hill, Mr. W. H. Bonnewell, and Mr.
W. S. Cover (28th). — The Old Bailey dinners to the Judges and the Bar, which
had been suspended owing to a fire which took place in 1877, were revived during
the present Mayoralty. — The Common Council resolved to appoint a curator of
the works of Art belonging to the Corporation at a salary of 100 guineas (i Dec).
— -The City Road Wesleyan Chapel was destroyed by fire (7th). — The Corporation
leased a piece of land on the Victoria Embankment to Sion College at ;i^i,265 per
annum, with the option of acquiring the freehold at twenty-five years' purchase (i ith).
— The Lord Mayor opened Holborn Town Hall, the foundation stone of which had
been laid eighteen months before by Sir James McGarel-Hogg, Chairman of the
Metropolitan Board of Works. This building, situated in the Gray's Inn Road,
forms a notable addition to the municipal halls of the Metropolis (i8th). — Telegraphic
communication was established between London and the Cape, the connection
having been completed between Aden and Zanzibar, reducing the time occupied
in the transmission of a message by a fortnight {29th). — The Leadenhall Market
Act, 1871, was repealed by the Leadenhall Market Act of this year (1879). The
last named Act abolished the then existing Market and conferred powers upon the
Corporation for the improvement of the land occupied by the Market, the laying out
and formation of new streets, and the construction of a new Market for the sale of
" Meat, Fish, and Poultry and other Provisions," with authority to borrow ^99,000
for the purpose. — Her Majesty, in accordance with the Epping Forest Act, appointed
the Duke of Connaught as Ranger of the Forest. — About this time a new chancel
and vestry were added to St. Swithin's Church, London Stone; a drinking fountain
uu
330 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1879-80
was erected at the back of the Royal Exchange at a cost of ^1,500; a house
popularly, but erroneously, known as "Shakespeare's London house," in Aldersgate
Street, was pulled down ; Girdlers' Hall, Basinghall Street, was restored ; and a
number of old houses in Fore Street, from Wood Street to Aldermanbury Postern,
were demolished. — Mr. Penrose discovered the foundations of St. Paul's Cross at
the north-east angle of the Cathedral Churchyard, and the spot is marked in the
public garden. The crypt of the Cathedral was also cleared of lumber, and thrown
open to the public ; the eastern portion, on the site of the ancient church of
St. Faith, was arranged as a small church for daily early morning service, and some
of the old monuments rescued from the original Cathedral were arranged here.
1880.
jHORTLY before the execution of a man named Shurety at the Old
Bailey (5 Jan., 1880), a letter was handed to Mr. Sydney Smith,
governor of Newgate, purporting to come from the Home Office
and countermanding the order for execution. A close examin-
ation of the envelope and seal convinced the governor that the
letter was a forgery and the execution was proceeded with. — The Metropolitan
Board of Works voted ^500,000 towards street improvements in connection with
the Metropolitan and District Railways (City Lines and Extensions) Act, 1879.'
A further sum of ^250,000 was voted by the Commissioners of Sewers on the 13th,
to widen Eastcheap and practically make a new street from King William Street to
the Tower. About the same time great improvements were taking place in
Cheapside. A spacious block of buildings had been erected between 23 and
29, Cheapside, and " Sweeting's," at the western corner, was almost entirely
rebuilt. — The Duchess of Marlborough wrote to the Lord Mayor, on the 14th,
thanking his Lordship for the third generous donation of ^2,000 towards
her Irish Relief Fund. The Mansion House branch of this fund eventually
reached a total of ^35,431. — Sir Arthur Hobhouse held a Court at Guildhall,
under the Epping Forest Act (14th). The Arbitrator's decision was given on
the 26th confirming to those householders in the manor and parish of Loughton
who occupied houses built before 185 1, the right to lop in the Forest. This
privilege, it appears, had existed for 160 years. — It was announced on the 17th that
the Rev. W. H. Lyall, rector of St. Dionis Backchurch, had gone over to
the Church of Rome. — St. Sepulchre's Church, at the eastern end of Holborn
Viaduct, was opened after extensive alterations.
A.D. 1880 Modern History of the City of London. 331
The body of the Church was restored under Mr. Robert Billing, architect, new windows, filled
with tracery, being inserted, new buttresses, battlements and pinnacles added, and the interior made to
harmonise. A prominent feature, in the structural alterations of the interior, consisted of a new organ
chamber ; this was provided in the recess on the north side of the Church called St. Stephen's
Chapel. The old oak pews were removed and open benches substituted. The new clergy and
choir stalls are all in oak, and a lofty oak screen was erected across the, church at the west end.
The Church of Allhallows, Lombard Street, was re-opened (26th). — It was
ordered that the Guildhall Library should remain open on Saturdays until the same
time as on other evenings of the week (29th). — The Lord Mayor opened the
inaugural exhibition of the City of London Society of Artists at Skinners' Hall
(i Mar.). — The Home Secretary (Mr. R. A. Cross) moved in the House of
Commons for leave to bring in a Bill to make further provision for the supply of
water to the Metropolis.
The Bill was opposed on the ground that the compensation proposed to be given to the Water
Companies was excessive, and would impose an unjust and unnecessary burden on the ratepayers of
the Metropohs. It was contended that, by the Bill, twenty-two millions was to be paid for twelve
millions of capital, and that a bonus of nine millions was to be added, making a total of thirty-one
millions. The introduction of the Bill gave rise to much excitement on the Stock Exchange.
Notwithstanding the enormous advance previously realized in Water Companies' stocks, another
extraordinary bound took place, representing in one case about thirty-five per cent.
At the General Election, the Conservative candidates. Alderman Cotton, the
Right Hon. J. G. Hubbard and Alderman Fowler were elected, the Liberal minority
seat falling to Mr. Alderman Lawrence (i Apr.). The City, however, did not reflect
the feeling of the country, which returned Mr. Gladstone to power with a large
majority. The Lord Mayor was defeated at Gravesend. — -After a pastorate of
eighteen years, the Rev. D. M'Auslane preached his farewell sermons at Finsbury
Chapel, having accepted an invitation to become the minister of Victoria Park
Chapel (14th). — The foundation stone of the New Fruit and Vegetable Market,
Smithfield, was laid on the 17th. — A notice of inhibition was affixed to the door of
St. Vedast's Church, precluding Mr. Dale from performing any service in the Church
or otherwise exercising the cure of souls within the diocese {21st). — According
to an ancient custom on Good Friday, sixty younger boys from Christ's Hospital
attended the Church of Allhallows, Lombard Street, where in pursuance of the will
of Peter Symonds, made in 1593, they each received, at the hands of the church-
wardens, a new penny and a packet of raisins (26th). — The report of the Royal
Commissioners appointed to enquire into the City Parochial Charities was issued
(7 Ap.). The Commissioners were the Duke of Northumberland, the Rev. Canon
Gregory, the Rev. William Rogers, Mr. Farrer Herschell, Q.C., M.P., Mr. Cubitt,
Mr. Albert Pell and Mr. Henry Hucks Gibbs,
UU 2
332 Modern Histoiy of the City of London. a.d. 1880
The report recommended the appointment, for a certain time, of an Executive Commission, paid
from the funds of the City Charities, to consist of three persons with power to examine into the trusts,
charters, deeds and documents relating to the origin as well as the administration of the City Charities,
into the leases granted by the trustees and the employment of the revenue and to examine into their
accounts for the last seven years. The dole system was generally condemned, and the Commissioners
expressed themselves decidedly against the practice of applying, except as regards certain endowments,
sums of money, bequeathed for charitable purposes, in payment of poor rates, to which the parishes are
liable. The income of the charities, at the last return to Parliament in 1876, was ^104,904, of which
;£8i,oi4 was still under the uncontrolled administration of the local authorities.
The Commissioners of the Exhibition of 185 1 having offered the City and Guilds
of London Institute a site at South Kensington for a Central Technical College,
the Council of the Institute applied to the Corporation for substantial assistance
towards the building fund (15 Ap.). After full consideration, the Corporation sub-
sequently resolved (2 Dec.) to contribute an annual sum of ;^2,ooo for a period not
exceeding five years. The Institute was about this time registered under the
Limited Liability Companies Act. — It was reported in the Daily News that the last
fragments of the river face of old Whitefriars were doomed to speedy demolition.
Clinging to the Temple the little knot of lanes had hitherto escaped destruction, "but Watermen's
Alley and the dwellings clustered round New A\'harf must,'' said the writer, "soon undergo their fate and
leave available the whole of the great square, of about eighty acres in extent, lying south-west of the
site of the ancient palace of Bridewell, and bounded on the north by Temple Street and Tudor Street,
on the south by the Thames Embankment, and stretching from De Keyser's Hotel on the east, to
the Temple on the west. The eastern half, or thereabouts, of this valuable space was formerly occupied
by the City of London Gas Works, removed some time since to Barking." The writer proceeds : "the
old 'Rose and Crown' presents the oddest figure now that it is high and dry. It was evidently one of
the genuine old-fashioned water-side inns, like the Watermen's Arms at Limehouse, a type of a class
almost vanished from the banks of the Thames. There is yet the projecting wooden structure like the
stern galley of a ship, as well as the open leads on which many a squire of Alsatia took his ease, his
tobacco and strong waters, in the interval of predatory excursions into the neighbourhood."
The writer goes on to say that the Daily News office now stands on part of
what was once the Carmelite Monastery. — Lord Cranbrook and Sir Stafford
Northcote were admitted to the honorary freedom of the Merchant Taylors' Company
(28 Ap.). — A great fire took place in Aldersgate Street in which two lives were lost.
It originated at Messrs. Hodgkinson, Stead and Treacher's, wholesale druggists,
Nos. 125 and 127, whose premises, together with the printing works of Messrs.
W. H. and L. Collingridge, and the old White Bear tavern were almost entirely
destroyed (30th). — The Corporation after full enquiry resolved to establish a high
class School of Music in the City of London, which was to be temporarily located
in some large warehouses, belonging to the Corporation, in Aldermanbury (30th). —
Sir John Goss, many years organist at St. Paul's, died at the age of eighty (10 May).
= — The Corporation voted 100 guineas for the sufferers from the famine in Kurdistan,
A.D. 1880 Modern History of the City of London. 333
Armenia and Persia. — A deputation from tlie Commissioners of Sewers had an
interview with the Home Secretary (Sir William Harcourt), as to the course wlnich
would be pursued by the Government, with respect to the water supply of London.
Sir William Harcourt expressed a desire to hear the views of the City authorities
as to the desirability of purchasing the Water Companies' interests, the proposed
terms of transfer, and the formation of a water trust (13th).
The Commissioners of Sewers adopted a report, suggesting that the provisional agreements entered
into for the purchase of the Water Companies' properties should be carefully considered by a Select
Committee of the House of Commons, with a view to ascertaining whether all or any of them were
beneficial to the inhabitants of the Metropolis, and should be carried into effect, or whether the
expenditure contemplated under the agreements for acquiring the existing supply might not be more
judiciously spent in procuring a new and better supply of water for London. It was also suggested
that the Corporation should take part in the enquiry, and particular attention was called to the basis
of charge as requiring consideration (25th).
The Corporation voted an address to the King- of the Hellenes (9 June). The
address was presented in a gold box on the i6th. King George and their Royal
Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales (the latter being sister to the king), the
Duke of Cambridge, and other distinguished guests being afterwards entertained to
a dejeuner in the Guildhall. Mr. Gladstone, Prime Minister, proposed the toast of
"the Lord Mayor and Corporation." — The Right Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P., received
the honorary freedom of the Stationers' Company (loth). — Mr. J. F. B. Firth
introduced a Municipality of London Bill into the House of Commons, providing
that the Metropolis should be a county by itself — the County of London, and
that all the powers and jurisdiction of the Corporation should cease. The Bill
was down for second reading on the 29th, but on that occasion the House was
counted out. — The celebration of the Sunday School Centenary, which was attended
by delegates from all parts of the world, commenced in the City and Metropolis
on the 27th. An inaugural meeting of churchmen and nonconformists was held
at the Guildhall under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, the first resolution being
moved by the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great hall was packed to the doors.
A special commemoration service, attended by the Lord Mayor, was held at
St. Paul's, and during the week numerous conferences took place. There were
great gatherings at the Crystal Palace and Lambeth Palace, the latter being
attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, and the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs
in state ; a statue to Robert Raikes, the founder of Sunday Schools, was
unveiled by Lord Shaftesbury on the Thames Embankment. — The deed for the
conveyance to the Corporation of Burnham Beeches was sealed (i July), and on the
following day this charming piece of woodland was opened to the public. The
a
A.D. 1880 Modern History of the City of London. 335
purchase money was fixed at ^6,000 and ^1,624 16^. for timber, but the total cost
to the Corporation, including conveyancing costs and road improvements, to the
end of 1888, was ^10,241. — A Select Committee of the House of Commons
approved of a Bill for enabling the Metropolitan and District Railway Companies
to complete the Inner Circle between Aldgate and Mansion House Stations,
a duty imposed upon the Companies by Parliament sixteen years before. The
Bill, however, was afterwards thrown out. — The new Scottish Hall, in Crane
Court, Fleet Street, was opened by the Duke of Argyll, K.T., Vice-President
of the Scottish Corporation (21st). The building, which includes a spacious
chapel, was erected upon the site of the old hall (destroyed by fire) at a
cost of over ^6,000. — By invitation of the Governors of Bridewell and Bethlem
Hospitals, the Lord Mayor paid a state visit to the King Edward Schools at
Witney (22nd). — The Charity Commissioners issued a new scheme for the
administration of Christ's Hospital, requiring the Council of Almoners, within
three years, to provide a suitable site within a convenient distance of the City
for a boarding school for 1,000 boys. The scheme also included the establishment
of a school for girls, at Hertford, where the preparatory work of Christ's Hospital
had hitherto been carried on (3 Aug.). — The Savings Bank department of the General
Post Office was transferred from St. Paul's Churchyard to the great building, newly
erected for its occupation in Queen Victoria Street, next to the depository of the
British and Foreign Bible Society. The building was erected from the designs and
under the superintendence of Mr. Jas. Williams, of Her Majesty's Office of Works
and Public Buildings. — The Select Committee of the House of Commons, on the
water question, reported recommending that a water authority for the Metropolis
should be created, with statutory powers which would enable such body to acquire and
utilize, so far as may be deemed expedient, existing sources of supply and to have
recourse to such other sources of supply as, upon investigation, may prove to be
available and desirable (6th). — The Epping Forest Continuance Bill received the
Royal assent (7th). This Bill enabled the Conservators (the Corporation), with the
approval of the Arbitrators, to make exchanges of land in the Forest and to acquire
the charming pleasure grounds of Wanstead House, covering 100 acres. — The first
meeting of the Royal Commissioners on the City Guilds was held at Lord Derby's
House, St. James's Square (9th). — The foundation stone of the Temple Bar
Memorial, on the site of old Temple Bar was laid (loth). — The Lord Mayor and
Lady Mayoress left London for Brussels (14th) on the invitation of the Municipality,
to attend the fetes in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Belgian Inde-
pendence. — The death was announced of the Rev. Edward Auriol, for many years
336 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1880
rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-West and Prebendary of St. Paul's (i8th). — The
electric light was introduced at Liverpool Street Station. — The re-building of
Mercers' Hall, Cheapside, was completed (25th). — The annual banquet to Her
Majesty's Ministers, at the Mansion House, had to be abandoned in consequence of
the illness of Mr. Gladstone. — The Committee of the House of Commons on
the Census Bill proposed to insert a clause enabling the Corporation, at their
own expense and with the consent of the Local Government Board, to take
a census of the City, between 10 and 4 in the day-time, within a week of the
general census. The proposal was rejected by 69 to 24 (2 Sept.). — The
Churches of St. Giles, Cripplegate, and St. Matthew, Friday Street, were re-
opened after restoration (5th). — Christ Church, Newgate Street, was re-opened
after being extensively repaired (21st). — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to
the Mansion House Fund (.2^9,897) for the relief of the widows and orphans of
the officers, seamen, and marines of Her Majesty's ship "Atalanta" (23rd). The
Corporation also subscribed 100 guineas for the sufferers from the colliery accident
at Risca. The Mansion House fund amounted to £'j,6']'j. — The Lord Mayor
entertained, at the Mansion House, the team of Australian Cricketers whose brilliant
performances on English ground had excited great interest (4 Oct.). — The freedom
of the City was presented to Sir Henry Bessemer, F.R.S., M.LC.E., in recognition
of his valuable discoveries which had so largely benefited the iron industries of the
country, and of his scientific attainments (6th). — The foundation stone of the new
City of London School buildings on the Victoria Embankment was laid (14th). —
At the invitation of the Lord Mayor, the Verderers, and the Epping Forest
Committee, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught paid a visit to Chingford, and
assisted in planting memorial trees in celebration of the successful termination of
the efforts to secure a great part of the Forest as a place of recreation for the people
for ever. A dejeuner was served at the newly erected Forest Hotel (i6th). — The
Lord Mayor gave a banquet to the representatives of the Municipal Councils of
Paris and Brussels, together with members of the City Corporation and other
Municipal bodies in this country (19th). — The Hall of the Painters' Company, Little
Trinity Lane, which was built in 1668, was greatly improved by the addition of a
new wing, the inauguration taking place on St. Luke's Day. — The Lord Mayor,
as Junior Grand Warden of Freemasons in England, entertained a very distinguished
company at a Masonic banquet at the Mansion House to meet the Prince of Wales,
the Most Worshipful Grand Master (25th). — The Churchyard garden and recreation
ground of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, was opened to the public with a religious
service conducted by the vicar, the Rev. S. Flood Jones, M.A. (28th). The
A.D. 1880 Modern History of the City of London. :i37
Topographical Society of London held its first meeting at the Mansion House. — A
writ of imprisonment was issued by Lord Penzance against the Rev. T. Pelham
Dale, rector of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, who, up to this time, had obstinately
resisted all processes issued by the Court of Arches ordering him to abstain from
ritualistic practices. Mr. Dale was committed to Holloway Prison. — A remarkable
floral offering was made to the Lord Mayor by the President and members of. the
Municipal Council of Paris in acknowledgment of the "magnificent and cordial
reception" given to its deputation at the Mansion House.
It was in the form of a magnificent bouquet, measuring 8^ feet in circumference, and representing
the arms of the City of Paris with its motto Fluctuat nee viergitur in proper heraldic colours. The ship
in the City's Arms was composed of white lilac on a ground of red carnations, and was surmounted by
three Fleurs-de-Lys on a ground of blue corn-flowers, with a coronet of gold-coloured chrysanthemums.
The motto was in damask rosebuds with a wreath of oak leaves and laurels. The ground-work of the
bouquet was white lilac and white carnations, with wreaths six inches deep of corn-flowers, Souvenir de
Malmaison roses, white chrysanthemums, orchids and ferns. The bouquet, which was so large that it
had to be unpacked in the street before it could enter any door at the Mansion House, was hung with
tri-coloured ribands with the inscription : " Au Lord Maire, Oct 26, 1880."
The French floral tribute was afterwards exhibited at the Crystal Palace. —
Baroness Burdett-Coutts, who was wearing the Turners' Company's badge, was
presented with the freedom and livery of the Haberdashers' Company (i Nov.),
it being the first time that a lady was admitted to the Livery of this Guild.
— The Corporation voted 100 guineas for the widows and children who suffered
from a terrible fatality at the Seaham Colliery. — Prince Leopold distributed,
at Guildhall, the prizes to the successful students of the Metropolitan Drawing
Classes. A guard of honour was formed by a detachment of the London Rifle
Brigade. — The Prince was admitted to the honorary freedom, livery, and Court of
Assistants of the Vintners' Company on the 6th. — Prince Leopold unveiled
the Temple Bar Memorial (8th). Sir Thomas Chambers, the Recorder, read an
address in which he stated that the building recently removed was erected by
Sir Christopher Wren in the year 1670 to mark the western boundary of the City.
The memorial is 31 feet 6 inches high, 5 feet wide, and 7 feet 8 inches long, and is surmounted by
a bronze dragon (commonly styled "the Griffin") by C. B. Birch, A.R.A. The memorial was
designed by Sir Horace Jones, the City Architect, and the marble statues of the Queen and the
Prince of Wales are the work of Sir E. Boehm. The portrait medallions on the east and west sides
represent the Prince of Wales and Sir Francis Wyatt Truscott, Lord Mayor. The decorations upon
the pedestal of the memorial consist of four basso-relievos, in bronze. That on the north represents
the Queen with the Prince and Princess of Wales, passing through the City to St. Paul's Cathedral
on Thanksgiving Day, 1872. The western tablet, upheld by Gog and Magog, contains the City
insignia, while upon the eastern side old Temple Bar is portrayed. The last of the four reliefs
representing the procession of the Queen to the Guildhall banquet, 9 Nov., 1837, was not inserted
till Dec, 1882. The total cost was ^10,960 6s. ^d.
XX
338 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1880
Alderman William McArthur was elected Lord Mayor. — At the Guildhall
banquet, on the 9th, Mr. Gladstone, the Premier, dwelt chiefly upon the state of
Ireland, and observed that Her Majesty's Ministers recognised the paramount
duty of maintaining order. — Sir Arthur Hobhouse delivered judgment, at Old
Palace Yard, in the arbitration between the inhabitants of Loughton and the
Conservators of Epping Forest as to the amount of compensation to be paid
for lopping rights. The award was that the Conservators should deposit a
sum sufficient to secure ^210 a year in consols. Sir Thomas Nelson, City
Solicitor, said he had a blank cheque in his pocket and would fill it up for ^^7,000
so that the matter might be settled forthwith (nth). — The Commissioners of
Sewers resolved to adopt the electric light in the following thoroughfares : New
Bridge Street, Ludgate Circus, Ludgate Hill, St. Paul's Churchyard (north side),
Cheapside, Poultry, Mansion House Street, Royal Exchange, King William Street,
Adelaide Place, Queen Street, Queen Street Place, Queen Victoria Street, King
Street, Guildhall Yard, London Bridge, Southwark Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge. —
Canon Gregory made a public appeal for ^2,500 to purchase a great bell, of about
twelve tons, for St. Paul's (i6th). — The Corporation voted 200 guineas to the
Mansion House Fund for the sufferers from the earthquake at Agram, in Austro-
Hungary (i8th). The fund amounted to ^1,312.— Field Marshal Sir Charles
Yorke, K.C.B., Constable of the Tower, died at the age of ninety (20th). He was
the last Field Officer in the Army, and had fought in the Peninsula and at Waterloo.
— The Carpenters' Company gave a banquet to celebrate the opening of their new
hall in the newly constructed thoroughfare known as Throgmorton Avenue (25th).
A notable feature of the banqueting hall is the ceiling, a close imitation of the
ceiling of the original hall, the work of Inigo Jones. Much of the oak used in
the construction of the hall was preserved from the old building. — The Bridge
House Committee were authorised to make arrangements with the Commissioners
of Sewers for the experimental lighting of London, Southwark and Blackfriars
Bridges by electric light (2 Dec). — Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Roberts,
V.C, G.C. B., CLE., late Commander of Her Majesty's Forces in Southern
Afghanistan, was, after the celebrated march to Candahar, admitted to the
freedom of the Fishmongers' Company (3rd). — Judgment was given in the
Queen's Bench Division against the Rev. T. Pelham Dale (13 Dec). Mr. Dale
finally severed his connection with the City, 30 Ap., 1881, on being appointed
to the rectory of Sansthorp, Lincolnshire. — Sir Frederick Roberts was presented
with the honorary freedom of the Merchant Taylors' Company (14th). — Additional
lairage accommodation at the Foreign Cattle Market was ordered at a cost of ^i 2,000
A.D. 1880-1 Modern History of the City of London. 339
(i6th). — The Corporation voted 200 guineas to the Mansion House Fund for the
rehef of sufferers from the ColHery Explosion at Pen-y-Craig, which reached a total
of ^2,245. — John Joseph Mechi, ex-Sheriff, and widely known for his connection
with agriculture and cutlery, died at his farm, Tiptree Hall, Essex, at the age
of seventy-eight. — A memorial of St. Antholin's Church, Budge Row, was unveiled
on the site of the old church (29th).
The memorial, of Portland stone, stands about i6 feet high with a marble panel in the centre
containing an engraved outline of the original church tower and spire. This is flanked on both sides
by Corinthian columns of dark marble supporting an entablature of the Corinthian order and
terminating with a circular pediment which bears a stone representation of the Bible and Cross, and
the words "I am the Resurrection and the Life." Below the central panel is inscribed the legend
"Here stood the Parish Church of St. Antholin, destroyed in the Great Fire, A.D. 1666; rebuilt
A.D., 1677, by Sir Christopher Wren, Architect." On the base is the following historical reminiscence:
" The changed population in the City, during two centuries, rendering the Church no longer necessary,
it was taken down, A.D. 1875, under an Act of Parliament for uniting City benefices. The funds
derived from the sale of the site were devoted, in part, to the restoration of the neighbouring church of
St. Mary Alderraary, where are also re-erected the monumental tablets removed from St. Antholin's, and
the erection at Nunhead of another church, dedicated to St. Antholin, greatly needed in a thickly
populated district.''
The inner quadrangle, or Merchants' area of the Royal Exchange, which
was formerly open to the sky, was covered in about this time by a glass and iron
roof from the designs of Mr. Charles Barry, architect. — Anderton's Hotel, successor
to the Horn Tavern, Fleet Street, was re-built in the Queen Anne style. — The
Three Nuns Inn, Aldgate High Street, was also re-built. — A new building was
erected for the Royal General Dispensary, at 25, Bartholomew Close. — Child's
Bank, and Child's Place, near Temple Bar, were pulled down early in the year.
The old ledgers of the Bank, weighing many tons, were stored in the room over Temple Bar until
the arch of the structure gave way in 1874. In them are the accounts of Oliver Cromwell, Nell
Gwynne, John Dryden, the Duke of Marlborough, ^Villiam III, etc. Child's was the first banking
house established in London, and dates from the Seventeenth century. It was re-built on the site of
Child's Place.
1881.
^OME portions of the old Roman wall were found within the precincts
of the Tower of London, 16 feet below the surface, early in Jan.,
1 88 1. Other portions of the wall were discovered, about the
same time, during the excavations for Fenchurch Street Station
and Messrs. Samuels' premises in Houndsditch. — The Grocers'
Company presented Lieut.-General Sir Frederick Roberts with the freedom of their
Guild and entertained him to a banquet in the old Hall (7th). — Owing to the want
XX 2
34° Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i88i
of harmony which existed between the majority of the Common Council and
Mr. C. H. Robarts, it was resolved to declare the office of Remembrancer vacant and
the City Solicitor was authorised to act as Remembrancer until the vacancy was
filled (3 Feb.). — Lieut-General Sir Frederick Roberts, G.C.B., V.C., was admitted
to the freedom of the City and presented with a sword of the value of 100 guineas,
in recognition of his brilliant services in Afghanistan (14th). — The Medical Officer
of Health of the Port of London reported to the Port Sanitary Committee of the
Corporation (i8th) that during the previous summer the insanitary condition of the
Thames had attracted general attention, owing principally to the discharge of
enormous quantities of sewage into the river. Letters which were afterwards
addressed by the Corporation to the riparian authorities on the subject produced
some important changes of a beneficial character. — The Town Clerk informed the
Common Council that a writ in Chancery had been served upon him officially in a
suit between Charles Henry Robarts, plaintiff; and the Mayor, and Commonalty,
and citizens of the City of London, defendants. The City Solicitor was authorised
to enter an appearance on behalf of the Corporation, and defend any action that
might be taken. — Mr. Spencer Walpole, Inspector of Fisheries, issued a report
on the enquiry opened by him at Fishmongers' Hall, 14 Dec, 1880, as to the
destruction of fish at Billingsgate.
The report showed that in the seventeen months ending 30 Nov., 1880, 777 tons of fish
were condemned in Billingsgate. This quantity represented the ^^^ part of all the fish received
during this period at BiUingsgate. The condemned fish was to all the fish very much as a
penny is to a pound. More than half the condemned fish was shell fish, and 300 out of 427
tons represented shells. Of the 350 tons of fish other than shell fish 69 tons reached Billingsgate
by water and 281 by land. The story that fish was condemned to keep up the price was
unfounded. The insufficiency of the market approaches led to delay, and this would, no doubt,
in many cases cause the fish to go bad.
Mrs. Twells offered the Commissioners of Sewers, through the Metropolitan
Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, a granite drinking fountain,
as a memorial to her husband, the late Mr. Philip Twells, for some time M.P. for
the City (8 Mar.). — A building in Serjeants' Inn, formerly occupied by the Registrar
of Joint Stock Companies, was purchased by the Church of England Sunday
School Institute, with a view to make it in future the centre of their operations.
The lecture hall was to be used for conferences, etc. (16 Mar.). The Drapers'
Company resolved to increase their contribution to the City and Guilds of London
Technical Institute from ^2,000 to .^4,000 a year. The Company had already
promised a donation of ^10,000 to Finsbury College, the City branch of the
Institute. — The Common Council on the 17th was occupied with two matters
A.D. 1881
Modern History of the City of London.
341
of startling interest. The first was an attempt to blow up the Mansion House.
Various proposals were made, but it was resolved for the time being to leave the
matter in the hands of the police, who were making strict enquiries. No clue was
obtained to the perpetrator of the outrage. Meantime, a terrible tragedy had taken
place in St. Petersburg, where the Emperor Alexander II had been assassinated
by means of a bomb, which was thrown at him after he had descended from his
The Mansion House. — A wet Sunday morning.
carriage. The Court passed a resolution expressing its indignation and horror,
and its sentiments of deep-felt sympathy and sincere condolence with the Imperial
Family in their sorrow and affliction. Copies of the resolution were ordered to
be forwarded to the Russian Ambassador and the Duchess of Edinburgh. — The
o
Corporation ordered the Local Government and Taxation Committee to prepare a
day census of the City, at a cost not exceeding ^1,200. — The Music Deputation
was authorised to arrange for concerts by the Guildhall Orchestral Society, at
the Guildhall and Mansion House. — William Corrie, late Remembrancer, died in
his seventy-fifth year (24th). — Sir Chas. Reed, M.P., Deputy, and Chairman
of the London School Board, died on the 25th, in his sixty-second year.
The Corporation, of which Sir Charles was a much respected member, passed
a resolution of condolence with the widow and family.
342 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i88i
Sir Charles Reed was educated at the Hackney Grammar School and University College, London,
and was, at the time of his death, the head of the Fann Street Letter Foundry, Aldersgate Street. He
represented the Borough of Hackney in the House of Commons in the Liberal interest from 1868 to
1874, and St. Ives, Cornwall, from 1880 up to the time of his death. He was first elected to the
Common Council in 1861. He was the author of several works, including " A Plea for a Free Library
for the City of London," and "The Life and Philanthropic Labours of Andrew Reed, D.D." (father of
the author). He was buried at Abney Park Cemetery on the 30th, the funeral being attended by
deputations from a large number of representative bodies. The Lord Mayor sent his carriage, and the
Board Schools throughout London were closed.
The Lord Mayor presided at the Mansion House at a meeting for the erection
of a statue on the Thames Embankment to WiUiam Tyndale, "who first translated
the New Testament from Greek into Enghsh, and who died as a martyr of the
faith " (25th). — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund
for the relief of sufferers from the Ohio Earthquake (12 Ap.). — Dr. Tristram,
Chancellor for the Bishop of London, gave judgment in the Consistory Court,
St. Paul's Cathedral, in favour of the rector and churchwardens of St. Mary-at-Hill,
Eastcheap, on the application for a faculty to execute certain alterations in the
interior of the church (14th). — A great meeting was held at Guildhall, under the
presidency of the Lord Mayor, to celebrate the eightieth birthday of the Earl of
Shaftesbury, whose religious and philanthropic work had won for him universal
esteem. All classes of society were represented, from the humble costermonger,
to the Cabinet Minister. An address was presented by Mr. H. R. Williams, on
behalf of the children and teachers of the Ragged Schools of London (28th). —
The executors of the late Mr. E. J. Esdaile, lay rector and impropriator of the
tithes of St. Botolph Without Aldgate, claimed ;^90,ooo as a capitalised value of
the tithes of property which the Metropolitan and Metropolitan District Railway
Companies were taking for their City extension railway. The arbitration, which
occupied nine days, was concluded 4 May, when it was agreed that a schedule
of the property to be taken should be supplied to the arbitrator. — The Corporation
expressed its great regret at the death of the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G., which
took place at Curzon Street, Mayfair, on 19 Ap., the resolution referring to him as
" a statesman, who for so many years exercised his great abilities and talents in his
country's service, and whose decease is regarded by men of all shades of political
opinion as the nation's loss." The Court gave directions for a marble bust of
the ex-Premier to be executed at an expense of /250. A marble bust of Earl
Russell, K.G., was also ordered by the Corporation (5 May). — The Lord Mayor
gave a banquet to the Rev. Dr. Moffat, the venerable African traveller, and other
distinguished visitors at the Mansion House (7th). — Prince Leopold laid the
foundation stone of the Technical College, Cowper Street, Finsbury, in the
A.D. 1881 Modern History of the City of London.
343
presence of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the Council of the City and Guilds of
London Institute, and many members of the Corporation (loth). — The Burgomaster
of Vienna offered for the acceptance of the Corporation a copy of an artistically
executed representation of the great festival held on the 27 Ap., 1879, in lasting
memory of the patriotic celebration of the silver wedding of the Emperor and
Empress. The work was deposited in the Guildhall Library (2 June). — A sub-
committee of the churchwardens of City parishes issued a draft scheme for a
Bin for the management of the City Parochial Charities. — Alderman Sir William
Anderson Rose died at the age of seventy (9th). He represented Southampton
as a Conservative in the House of Commons from 1862 to i865.- — A census of
the congregations of City churches
and chapels taken on the morning of
Sunday, i May, 1881, was issued
by the SL James s Gazette, and re-
published in the City Press (15th).
Afterwards (20 July) a return was
issued showing the attendance
on all the Sundays of May at a
group of four City churches. — The
church of St. Margaret, Lothbury,
was re-opened after undergoing
restoration. The screen erected by
Sir Christopher Wren was replaced
and the galleries removed. The
west window, which had been
blocked up by the organ gallery,
was opened out and the entire
flooring was repaired. In the course
of the repairs some interesting relics
of the old church of St. Margaret,
destroyed by the Great Fire, were
found (20 June). — The corner stone
of the new Leadenhall Market was
laid (28th). — The window erected in
memory of the late Rev. E. Auriol,
M.A., Rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, Fleet Street, was unveiled in the church
(29th). — The Corporation resolved to invite the International Medical Congress to
Leadenhall Market.
344 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i88i
a conversazione at Guildhall, at an expense of ^2,000 (30th). — The Court also
passed a resolution recognising "with utmost satisfaction the spirit of true liberality
and religious toleration which has prompted His Majesty King Alphonso XII to
invite the Jewish subjects, whether fugitive or otherwise, of foreign countries to
establish for themselves a home in the Spanish peninsula, where in the Middle
Ages their co-religionists attained such great prosperity " (30th). — Mr. Spencer
Walpole's report having been referred to the Fish Supply Committee, the Corpora-
tion resolved that the latter's functions should be so extended as to enquire into the
question of the food supply generally of the Metropolis, and especially as to the high
price of meat. The Committee, however, devoted itself almost exclusively to the
question of fish, and on 5 July opened a public enquiry into " the present unsatis-
factory state of the fish supply of the Metropolis " in the Exchequer Court at
Guildhall. — The Corporation expressed sympathy with the people of the United
States in the dastardly attack which had been made upon the life of President
Garfield (14 July). The President, after lingering for some time, died of his wounds,
and the Corporation again (22 Sept.) expressed its utmost sorrow and regret. —
Owing to the remarkable success of the Guildhall School of Music and the large
and rapid increase of its membership, it was referred to the City Lands Committee
to enquire as to the terms and conditions on which it could be permanently
established on some vacant land on the Thames Embankment. — The Lord Mayor
gave a banquet at the Mansion House to the King of the Sandwich Islands and
to various representatives of the Colonies (i6th). — The Prince of Wales laid the
foundation stone of the Central College of the City and Guilds of London Institute
for the Advancement of Technical Education, at South Kensington (i8th).
The Lord Chancellor, in an address to His Royal Highness, said that in consenting to become Presi-
dent of the Institute the Prince had shown in the most marked manner his approval of the endeavour to
establish a system of Technical Education for artisans and manufacturers, intimately associated with the
purposes for which some of the City Guilds were originally founded. The Institution had grown up by the
united efforts of a few of those ancient Guilds; other Livery Companies later on coming to their support.
The number of candidates recently examined in various branches of Technology was 1,563, as compared
with 816 the previous year. jCsi.ooo had been already subscribed by four Guilds towards the building fund.
At a meeting at the Mansion House a Committee was appointed to take
preliminary steps to establish a Chamber of Commerce for London, the Lord
Mayor being elected chairman (25th).— The Corporation Fish Enquiry was
brought to a close on the 27th, some serious allegations being made by a
Yarmouth witness, a consignor of fish, with regard to the alleged "Ring" at
Billingsgate. Altogether fifty-eight witnesses had been examined. The'' Fish
Supply Committee presented its report to the Common Council (11 Aug.)
The examination of witnesses had occupied fourteen days and the whole of the evidence had been
prmted and circulated day by day. The report stated that the evidence proved conclusively that large
A.D. 1881
Modern History of the City of London.
545
quantities of immature fish are uselessly destroyed, also that many of the ancient fishing grounds had been
and are greatly deteriorated and had ceased to be productive. Legislation, it urged, was necessary to stop
this evil. On the question of the carriage of fish the report recommended that the Corporation should
seek to obtain the right to representation before the Railway Commissioners. In the opinion of the
Committee one wholesale market was calculated to meet the requirements of the trade and the interests
of the public. Such market should be at the water-side, and there should be ample approaches, those at
BiUingsgate being absolutely insufficient. They suggested as a site for a new market the north-east side
of Blackfriars Bridge. Billingsgate would be desirable if the adjoining Custom House, or wharves, could
be obtained. An inland market in the neighbourhood of Smithfield, for the reception and sale of rail-
way-borne fish, was also required, and an official salesman should be appointed.
City Green Yard.
The Fish Market question having been debated at several meetings of the
Common Council it was resolved (15 Sept.) that the Fish Market should be based
upon the same system as is at present in existence in Paris, viz., a wholesale, a semi-
wholesale, and a retail market, all under one roof, and that an official salesman should
be appointed, acting under the control of the Markets Committee.- — The City
Liberal Club gave a complimentary banquet to Mr. Goschen on his return from
Constantinople, where he had been to insist upon the fulfilment of the Berlin
Treaty, as regards the Government of Armenia. — The Corporation decided upon
the removal of the Gresham Almshouses from the City Mews (or Green Yard),
YY
346 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i88i
Whitecross Street, to Brixton, at an expense of ^4,000 (28 July).— The Commis-
sioners of Sewers received a letter dated i Aug. from Sir E. W. Watkin and
Mr. J. S. Forbes, stating they would recommend their constituents to make the
proposed street from King William Street to Tower Hill, in connection with the
Inner Circle Railway if the contribution from the public bodies were increased from
^750,000 to ^850,000, and in the hope that the contribution might be payable
in sections. It was agreed on the 4th that the contribution of the Commission
of Sewers should be increased from ^250,000 to ^300,000, payable in sections,
the new street to be 60 feet wide. The Metropolitan Board of Works, however,
declined to depart from the original agreement, which was to contribute ^500,000.
— The reception given by the Corporation to the International Medical Congress
at Guildhall took place on 5 Aug. — A very destructive fire took place at Messrs.
Foster and Co.'s premises at the corner of Bread Street, Cheapside (i Sept.). — The
extension of the Metropolitan Railway from Aldgate to Trinity Square, Tower Hill,
was formally inaugurated by the Lord Mayor in Chequer House Yard (5th). —
At a luncheon, which was given on the same day to celebrate the event, Sir
Edward Watkin stated that of the 110,000,000 passengers carried annually by
the Metropolitan Railway, 20,000,000 were carried at a penny fare. — The Lord
Mayor and Lady Mayoress held a reception of delegates to the Trades Union
Congress and their wives at the Mansion House (14th). — The Corporation sub-
scribed 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund for the sufferers from the disaster
to the Mail Steamer, "Teuton" (15th). The fund reached a total of ;^ 1,588. —
The non-political character of the Corporation and its recognition of great ability
and devoted service, in whatever political party they may be found, were
remarkably illustrated when a motion for an address to Mr. Gladstone was
carried in the Common Council by 104 votes to 14 ; some uncomplimentary
references to the Premier by one of the minority being vigorously repressed
and reprobated. The resolution was in the following terms :
That an address, in a suitable gold box, be presented to the Right Hon. William Ewart
Gladstone, Prime Minister of England, who for fifty years has occupied a distinguished position
and now fills a foremost place in the great Council of the Nation, as a token of the estimation
in which he is held by the citizens of London, and of their appreciation of his high character,
rare genius, and varied gifts, which have been devoted for so long a period to the service of his
country; and that the right hon. gentleman be respectfully invited to sit for a marble bust to
be placed in the Guildhall.
A remarkable demonstration took place at the Guildhall, on the occasion
of presentation (13 Oct.). The freedom of the City of London having been
A.D. 1881 Modern History of the City of London. 347
already presented, the good wishes of the Corporation necessarily took the form
of an address, which was signed by the Town Clerk, and read by the Recorder.
In the course of his reply, Mr. Gladstone said :
" I desire to express the hope that the day may come when, in consequence of judicious measures,
enabhng us to deal with this arrear of public business, the great question of Local Government in this
vast MetropoHs may likewise be entertained by Parliament. Making the declaration on the spot on
which I now stand in this noble hall, and in the fresh and vivid recollection of its traditions, I feel I
am not disloyal, but loyal, to those traditions in cherishing the hope that the day may not be very far
distant when that work shall be taken in hand. But of one thing I feel the most perfect and absolute
confidence. Nothing that will ever be sanctioned by the Parliament of this Country will tend to degrade
your great Corporation or to impair its efficiency, but only new dignity, new energy, and a further
enlargement of public confidence, fresh records of good work done and of great services rendered to
the country, will be the unfailing consequence of any such measure as Parliament will adopt for the
purpose of dealing with the Municipal institutions of London."
A most dramatic point of the speech was reached when Mr. Gladstone came
to speak of the difficulties of Government in Ireland. A few minutes after the
commencement of the speech a note bearing an official seal was brought into the
hall, and a whisper circulated that it was marked "immediate" and "important,"
and was from one of the Premier's private secretaries. Earl Spencer opened
and read the letter, and passed it on to the Prime Minister, who, without
pausing for a moment in his speech, glanced over the contents, and laid the
document on the table before him. Then, when he came to announce the
determination of the Government to discharge their duties in Ireland, he took it
up again and pointing to it, said :
" Even within these few moments I have received the tidings that towards the vindication
of law, order, and the rights of property, of the freedom of the land, of the first elements of
political life and civilization, the first step has been taken in the arrest of the man who unhappily,
from motives which I do not challenge, which I cannot examine, and with which I have nothing
to do, has made himself beyond all others prominent in the attempt to destroy the authority of
the law, and to substitute what would end in being nothing more nor less than an anarchical
oppression exercised upon the people of Ireland."
This allusion to the arrest of Mr. C. S. Parnell, M.P., who was that day
lodged in Kilmainham Gaol under the Irish Coercion Act, 1881, was received by the
audience with tumultuous applause. — The Lord Mayor, accompanied by the
Sheriffs, opened a Leather Trades Exhibition at the Agricultural Hall (26 Sep.). —
Sir John Musgrove, Bart. (Lord Mayor in 1850), died at Rusthall House,
near Tunbridge Wells, in his eighty-ninth year (5 Oct.). He was the only son
of Mr. John Musgrove, a merchant of Austin Friars, residing at Hackney. —
The Corporation voted .1^200 per annum to the Music Deputation for exhibitions,
and the Deputation were authorised to apply to the Livery Companies and other
YY 2
348 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i88i
sources for donations. — The Common Council discussed the question of Municipal
Government, and resolved by 8i votes to 22 that " it would be unwise, if not
uncalled for, for the Corporation of the City of London to take the initiative in
drafting a scheme affecting representative bodies outside the City." — It was referred
to the Port of London Sanitary Committee to enquire into the sanitary condition
of the River Thames, in the neighbourhood of Crossness and other outfalls, and to
report what steps should be taken to remedy any existing evils thereat, with
authority to confer with Her Majesty's Government. — The "Great Eastern"
steamship was put up for auction at Lloyd's (19th). The first bid of ^20,000 by
slow degrees rose to ^30,000. No further advance being obtained, the ship was
withdrawn. — As an experiment the Egyptian Hall and Saloon at the Mansion
House were ordered to be lighted by electricity for twelve months (20th). — Medals
were ordered to be struck to commemorate Temple Bar (removed in 1878), and the
visit of the King of the Hellenes. — The death of George Russell French (78),
for many years architect and surveyor to the Ironmongers' Company and author
of several works on Shakespeare, was announced (2 Nov.). — On the recommendation
of the Fish Supply Committee it was decided to open the Central Fruit and
Vegetable Market, at Smithfield, now approaching completion, as an Inland Fish
Market, and Parliamentary powers were obtained for the purpose (3rd). — Alderman
John Whittaker Ellis was elected Lord Mayor. — The Corporation voted 200 guineas
to the Mansion House Fund for the relief of fishermen, in Eyemouth and the adjacent
villages, who had suffered from the recent fishing disaster. The fund amounted to
;^3,884. The Corporation also subscribed 200 guineas to the Fish Trade Associa-
tion, for the relief of the widows and orphans of the 200 English coast fishermen
who perished about the same time. — The new schools of the Brewers' Company,
founded by Dame Alice Owen in 1609, and situated near the Angel at Islington,
were opened on the 15th. The new scheme provided for the establishment of a
middle-class school of the modern type for the inhabitants of Islington and
the neighbourhood. — Sir Henry W. Peek having appealed to the Court of
Arches, with respect to the granting of a faculty for certain alterations in the
Church of St. Mary-at-Hill, Eastcheap, Lord Penzance reversed the decision of
the Court below and the faculty was refused (i6th). — The Church of St. Dunstan-
in-the-West was re-opened after restoration (24th). — The Court of Aldermen
received a letter from the Home Secretary stating that, after i Jan. next, prisoners
on remand from Guildhall, or the Mansion House, should be sent to the prison at
Clerkenwell and not to Newgate, as heretofore (26th). — The Lord Mayor opened
the International Exhibition of Smoke-Preventing Appliances at South Kensington
A.D. 1881
Modern History of the City of London.
349
(30th), — The Markets Committee were authorised to expend out of the revenues
of the Foreign Cattle Marl^et ;^8,ooo, in purchasino- a suitable vessel for
the trans-shipment of
cattle to the Market
(i Dec). — The church
of St. Mary-le-Bow,
Cheapside, was re-
opened ( 1 5th), the
service being announ-
ced by the famous peal
of bells, increased
from ten to twelve
in number. — The new
Leadenhall Market
was opened by the
Lord Mayor (15th).
This market occupies
part of the site of the
ancient manor of Leaden-
hall, which in 1309 was
owned by Sir Hugh Neville,
and in 1408 was purchased
by Sir Richard "Whittington.
In the hall of the old
manor house were kept the
military arms and accoutre-
ments for the protection of
the City. So far back as 1309
a market of some descrip-
tion existed on the manor
of Leadenhall, and in 1357
poultry was ordered to be
sold there. About 1662,
when Leadenhall was the
great Meat Market, the
Spanish Ambassador, after
visiting it, told King
Charles II that he believed
more meat was sold in that
market alone than in the
Cheapside and the Church of St. Mary-le-Bow.
whole of Spain. The new market has a light and cheerful appearance, with a principal entrance
from Gracechurch Street. Intersecting the main arcade is another running from the main gateway
on the Leadenhall Street side to the southern extremity of the building. The cost of re-building
350
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. i 88 1-2
was ;^99,ooo, and the cost of the approaches and avenues came to ;^i48,8oo more, the latter
amount having been borrowed on the credit of the general revenues of the Corporation. The
whole sum, ^247,800, remains as a debt upon the market.
The Local Government and Taxation Committee presented its report on the
Day Census of the City of London, which had been taken by order of the Corpora-
tion, and which was afterwards pubHshed as a volume. This little work contains
a large amount of valuable statistical information not otherwise obtainable, and
shows the relative importance of the City in a way which Dr. Farr, Statistical
Superintendent in the Registrar-General's Office, admitted was not shown in the
Imperial Census. — The Port Sanitary Committee prepared an elaborate report
on the condition of the Thames, which was communicated to the Home Secretary.
— The Corporation voted 500 guineas in aid of the new building for the City of
London College, and ^5,000 out of the grain duty towards the expenses of the
proposed park and recreation ground at Paddington. — The Guildhall Orchestral
Society gave a very successful performance of the "Messiah" at Guildhall, under
the direction of Mr. Weist Hill, the Principal (17th). — A fund for the defence
of property in Ireland was started at the Mansion House, and reached a total
of ^21,422, but the subject gave rise to some controversy (28th). — The City of
London Commissioners of Sewers (Artizans' Dwellings) Act was passed this
year to enable the Commissioners to raise money at a cheaper rate of
interest. — The late Mr. William Ward, of Brixton Hill, by his will dated 3 June,
1 88 1, bequeathed ^20,000 to the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the
City of London, for the building and maintenance, on lands belonging to them, of
a High School for Girls to be called "The City of London School for Girls,
founded by William Ward." Chancery proceedings delayed the carrying out of
this scheme.
1882.
»N the enlarged and renovated saloon at the Mansion House the
Lord Mayor, as president of the City of London Society of
Artists, presented a marble bust to Alderman Sir F. W. Truscott
in recognition of the services which he had rendered to the Society
as its first president (5 Jan., 1882). — On the recommendation of
the Port of London Sanitary Committee the Corporation communicated with
the Home Secretary with a view to action being taken under the provisions
of the 2ist and 22nd Vic. Cap. 104 Sec. 31 to improve the sanitary condition
of the Thames in the neighbourhood of Crossness and other outfalls (19th). —
A.D. 1882 Modern History of the City of London. 35 1
The first general meeting of the London Chamber of Commerce was held
in the Egyptian Hall, Mansion House, the Lord Mayor presiding (26th). —
An interesting ceremony took place at Christ's Hospital, the occasion being
the presentation to the Governors of the Institution of a bust of the late
Major Sir P. Louis Cavagnari, a former scholar who had ended a brilliant
career in a most tragical manner at Cabul, during the recent campaign in
Afghanistan. The Duke of Cambridge presided (31st). — The Corporation voted
^500 to the Mansion House Fund, for the relief of Jews suffering from
persecution in Russia (2 Feb.). On the same day a large and influential
meeting was held at the Mansion House, and the Earl of Shaftesbury, Cardinal
Manning, and others, strongly denounced the Russian persecutions. The
resolutions passed were forwarded to the Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary.
The fund reached a total of ;^ 108, 809. — A meeting was held in the Egyptian
Hall, Mansion House (14 Mar.) for the encouragement of the British
Woollen Industries.
The Lord Mayor presided, and the Marquis of Salisbury moved a resolution " that under present
circumstances it is a matter of national interest that the purchasers of textile fabrics should as far
as possible give the preference to goods of British origin."
It was referred to a Special Committee to consider the announcement in the
Queen's speech having reference to the reform of the Corporation of London,
and the extension of Municipal Government to the Metropolis, with instructions
to do therein as they might deem expedient (i6th). — The Lord Mayor opened
St. Bride's Youths' Institute, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street, intended especially for
the hundreds of lads employed in the numerous printing establishments in the
neighbourhood (20th). — The following resolutions were passed by the Corporation
and forwarded to Her Majesty's Government and the Postmaster-General.
I. That an Inland Parcels Post^ a reduction in the price of Telegrams and the introduction of
the Telephone into the Postal Service should be established. 2. That the Head Office of the General
Post Office be retained in the City (2 Mar.).
A special meeting of the Common Council resolved upon an address, express-
ing deep indignation at the late "dastardly and traitorous attack" on the Queen
at Windsor (3 Mar.). — The Prince of Wales, who had accepted the presidency
of the City and Guilds of London Technical Institute, took the chair at the
annual meeting of the Institute in Mercers' Hall (13th).
It was stated, that since the last annual report the funds had been augmented by contributions
from eight additional companies, viz. : the Grocers, Skinners, Vintners, Tallowchandlers, Plumbers,
Wheelwrights, Bowyers and Curriers. The classes of the City School of Art had been transferred
to the Finsbury Technical College.
352 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1882
The Duke of Connaught, Prince Christian, and others attended a conference
at the Mansion House with a view to tlie permanent establishment and endowment
of a Royal College of Music (20th).^ — A select committee of the House of Com-
mons passed the preamble of the Bill for establishing a river-side fish market, at
Shadwell, of which Mr. Hewett was the chief promoter (24th). The Corporation
opposed the Bill. — The Corporation passed an address of congratulation to the
Queen, on the occasion of the marriage of H.R.H. Prince Leopold, Duke of
Albany, K.G., with Her Serene Highness Princess Helen of Waldeck (19 Ap.). —
The Bishop of London introduced a Bill in the House of Lords for the appointment
of seven "City Benefices Commissioners" to effect the union of City livings. —
The Duke of Edinburgh presided at a public meeting in the Mansion House, in
support of the proposal to hold an International Fisheries Exhibition in London
next year (20th). — The Queen formally declared Epping Forest open to the use
and enjoyment of the public for ever (6 May).
Her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Beatrice went in state from Windsor to the Forest,
where they were received by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the Duke of Connaught, Ranger of the
Forest, the Epping Forest Committee, etc. The general public assembled in large numbers to
witness the interesting ceremonial. The address which was presented to Her Majesty contained the
following expressions : — "The Royal Forest was for many centuries a hunting ground for the Sovereigns
of this Kingdom. It has been reserved for your Majesty in the gracious exercise of Royal
prerogative, with the consent of Parliament, for Royal privilege to substitute popular right, and to
dedicate these beautiful scenes to the enjoyment of your people for ever. Many difficulties which
had to be overcome in bringing about this happy result are at length terminated, and an open
space of nearly 6,000 acres of almost unbroken forest scenery, extending from the confines of
the Metropolis for a distance of thirteen miles, is now available for public health and recreation."
The total area of the forest (including Wanstead Park, but not Highams Park) is 5,529 acres.
For the 1,842 acres, purchased under the orders of the arbitrator, ;^7 7,506 was paid for purchase-
money and ^17,032 for costs. The price per acre varied from ^25 to ;^3oo and averaged £to.
There was also compensation for lopping rights, etc., the total sum paid being ;£io9,5o5. Of the
3,000 acres of illegal enclosures existing in 1876 only about 500 acres remained enclosed at the
end of the arbitration, 2,500 acres having been restored to the Forest, in addition to the 3,000
acres of then existing open forest land.
Shordy after the Phoenix Park murders, the Common Council expressed "the
feelings of horror and indignation" with which its members had heard of the
assassinations, and conveyed to Lady Frederick Cavendish and Miss Burke
their deep sympathy. Lord Frederick Cavendish was a Liveryman of the Cloth-
workers' Company. — A canister, containing explosives, was found attached to the
rails at the back of the Mansion House. — On Ascension day the ancient custom of
"beating the bounds" was observed in several of the City parishes (i8th). —
The return of Mr. Polydore De Keyser, as Alderman, was petitioned against on
the ground that he was an innkeeper and an alien born, and was therefore
A.D. 1882 Modern History of the City of London. 353
disqualified (22nd). A special meeting of the Aldermen was called to hear counsel
argue the question (20 June), and they ultimately gave their decision in favour of
Mr. De Keyser, a result w^hich met with general approval. — The new bell for
St. Paul's Cathedral, "Great Paul," weighing 17 tons, which was cast at Lough-
borough, arrived at its destination after having been eleven days on the journey of
112 miles by road; it was dedicated at the Cathedral (22 May). On the bell is the
Latin inscription: Vcb viihi si noii evangelisavero (Woe unto me if I preach not
the gospel). — A baronetcy was announced for the Lord Mayor and knighthood
for the Sheriffs (Mr. Alderman Hanson and Mr. W. A. Ogg). — The Corporation
offered to the Italian nation its deep sympathy on the loss of its most illustrious
citizen, Giuseppe Garibaldi, "whose courage and disinterested patriotism had so
largely conduced to make Italy united and free" (8 June). — A sum of ^5,000 was
voted by the Corporation, in aid of the Royal College of Music, in annual sums
of ;^i,ooo for five years. — The Court resolved to oppose the Bishop of London's
Bill for the further destruction of City churches. — A Parliamentary return (issued
13 June) showed that within the five years, 1877-81, sixty-eight bodies (sixty male
and eight female) were found in the Thames within the precincts of the City of
London district. Twenty-five were cases of accidental death, two of murder,
and nine of suicide, while in thirty-two cases no opinion was expressed as to
the cause of death. — The Prince of Wales unveiled the statue to Sir Rowland Hill
(Onslow Ford, sculptor), erected by public subscription at the Royal Exchange. The
statue is of bronze, on a granite pedestal, bearing the inscription, " Rowland Hill —
he founded uniform penny postage" (17th). — It was announced that a Royal Com-
mission had been appointed, with reference to the pollution of the Thames (22nd).
The first meeting of the Commission was held on the 25th when the Corporation, the Thames
Conservancy, and several other bodies appeared as complainants and the Metropolitan Board of Works
as respondents. The amount disbursed by the Corporation, in connection with the London Water
Supply, from 1876 to 1892, was ^51,067 a,s. 2d.
The Prince and Princess of Wales opened the Technical School at Bradford
(the gift of the Clothworkers' Company), in the presence of the Lord Mayor and
Lady Mayoress, the members of the Technical Commission, and representatives of
the Guild of Clothworkers (23rd). — Mr. Deputy Shephard, Chairman of the
Gresham Committee (City side) laid the foundation stone of the new Gresham
Almshouses, Brixton (26th). — The Corporation subscribed 100 guineas to the
Egyptian Refugees Relief Fund at the Mansion House ; the total subscriptions
reached ^8,152. — Mr. James Abbiss, J. P., for twenty-five years Chairman of the
City of London Union, died in his seventy-first year (7 July).
zz
354 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1882
Mr. Abbiss was formerly a Sheriff, and Alderman for the Ward of Bridge, having resigned the
latter office in 1867. He was also treasurer of the Earlswood Asylum for Idiots.
The church of St. Peter, Cornhill, was re-opened after renovation. — The
Cooks' Company celebrated its fourth centenary at the Crystal Palace (nth). —
This being the 300th anniversary of the completion of Sir Francis Drake's circum-
navigation of the globe, a meeting was held at the Mansion House to raise a fund
for the erection at Plymouth Hoe of a national memorial to the Elizabethan hero
(19th). — An Act was obtained empowering the Corporation to convert their London
Central Fruit, Vegetable and Flower Market, then approaching completion, into an
Inland Fish Market and to continue the use of Farringdon Market for the sale of
fruit and vegetables (20th). — The Lord Mayor and others passed over the completed
portion of the Inner Circle Railway, from Aldgate Station to Trinity Square,
Tower Hill. — The final award in connection with the Epping Forest Arbitration
was signed at Old Palace Yard, Westminster, and an historical statement was
made by the City Solicitor (24th) ; the work of the Corporation in connection
with the Forest was further developed by the opening of Wanstead Park,
a charming old pleasure ground (i Aug.) — A scheme for effecting the union
of the parishes of St. Vedast alias Foster and St. Michael-le-Querne with
those of St. Matthew, Friday Street and St. Peter Cheap, having been approved
by Her Majesty, the church of St. Vedast was re-opened on the 14th. The Rev.
W. Sparrow Simpson, D.D., F. S.A., rector of St. Matthew, Friday Street,
and St. Peter Cheap, was inducted to the living of St. Vedast, Foster Lane. —
The Common Council sanctioned an arrangement with the Commissioners of
Sewers for the widening of Temple Street, Tudor Street and Bouverie Street, the
Corporation giving up land in Temple Street and Tudor Street to be thrown into
the public way; the Corporation also contributed a sum of ^1,000 towards the
improvement, and the cost of setting back the Value House, in Tudor Street,
belonging to the Gas Light and Coke Company, estimated at ^5,000.— The Lord
Mayor and Sheriffs left London on a State visit to Holland, where they were most
hospitably entertained by the King of the Netherlands and the civic authorities
at the Hague. The Lord Mayor took occasion to present the King with the
Corporation address in a gold box.— During the work of demolition in Fleet Street,
between Chancery Lane and the new Law Courts, the houses fronting the "Cock
Tavern " were pulled down.— The Homers' Company held an interesting exhibi-
tion at the Mansion House (25th Oct.).— An interesting double ceremony took
place at the Guildhall, when the Lord Mayor unveiled the busts of the two
great political rivals— Mr. Gladstone and Lord Beaconsfield.
A.D. 1882 Modern History of the City of London. 355
The bust of Mr. Gladstone, by his own wisl), had been classically treated in Greek form by
Mr. T. Woolner, R.A., the pure white marble, called Pentelicon, having been quarried near Athens
and sent as a present from the Greeks. The bust of Earl Beaconsfield, in the robes of the Garter, was
of Carrara marble and was executed by Mr. Richard Belt.
The Corporation contributed 200 guineas to the Egyptian War Fund, in
aid of the famiHes of our wounded soldiers, sailors, and marines (26th). —
Alderman Henry Edmund Knight was elected Lord Mayor. — Owing to the
approaching completion of the Law Courts, the Civic procession to Westminster,
for the purpose of presenting the Lord Mayor to the Judges, took place for the last
time on the 9th Nov. At the Guildhall banquet in the evening Mr. Gladstone
made an important reference to the London Government Bill, in the course of
which he said :
" You will still meet in this ancient Hall from year to year as the representatives of the first
Municipal Community in the world, strengthened as I hope and invigorated by whatever changes may
come upon you, and associated as you have ever been with the history of the country ; able as you have
ever been found to meet the demands of public duty."
The Commissioners of Sewers affirmed by resolution that it was desirable to
allow the electric lighting experiments to be conducted at the expense of the
Companies instead of at the cost of the ratepayers (21st). — The dignity of
K.C.M.G. was conferred upon Alderman Sir William M'Arthur, M.P. (late Lord
Mayor). — At the triennial election of the London School Board Alderman Sir
Reginald Hanson, Mr. H. C. Richards, Mr. H. Spicer, and Miss Davenport Hill
were returned for the City, Sir John Bennett and Mr. Bonnewell being unsuccessful
candidates. — The Corporation ordered from the artist, Mr. Hamilton P. McCarthy,
a replica of his bust (at Fishmongers' Hall) of the Right Hon. Russell Gurney,
for twenty-two years Recorder of the City (30th). — The Corporation agreed
to purchase from Mr. Edmond Byron, Lord of the Manor, his interest in
347 acres of unenclosed portions of the four commons known as Riddlesdown,
Kenley, Farthing Downs, and Coulsdon for the sum of ^7,000, to be paid out of
the City of London Grain Duty. — The Queen, accompanied by Princess Christian
and Princess Beatrice, opened the new Law Courts, erected after the designs of
G. E. Street, R.A., the ceremonial being attended by the Lord Mayor and
other representatives of the Corporation (4 Dec). — A great fire devastated
a portion of Wood Street on the 8th.
The block of buildings where the fire broke out, and which was almost entirely gutted, was
bounded on the north by London Wall, on the south by Addle Street, on the east by Phillip
Lane, and on the west by Wood Street, and was occupied by Messrs. Rylands and Company,
ZZ 2
356 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1882
Limited, warehousemen ; Messrs. Foster, Porter and Company, Limited ; Messrs. Silber and
Fleming; Messrs. Sargood, Butler and Nichol, and others. The fire originated in Messrs. Foster,
Porter and Company's premises and destroyed an enormous amount of property, the claims upon
the insurance companies being upwards of a million sterling. Brewers' Hall and the Library of
Sion College had a narrow escape.
In view of this disastrous fire in Wood Street, tlie Corporation referred it to
the Gas and Water Committee to consider the advisability of applying to
Parliament for better protection from fire in the City of London. The Com-
missioners of Sewers at the same time decided to widen the thoroughfare and to
secure the necessary ground in Wood Street for that purpose (19th). — The Prince
of Wales, who was accompanied by the Princess of Wales, opened the City of
London School on the Victoria Embankment (12th).
The boys and their friends assembled in the commodious playground at the back of the building,
and nearly a thousand persons were accommodated with seats in the large hall. The Lord Mayor (an
old City of London School boy) and the Lady Mayoress, accompanied by the Sheriffs (Mr. Alderman
De Keyser and Mr. Savory), came in state from the Mansion House ; the Town Clerk read an address
briefly relating the history of the school, which was supplemented by some remarks from the Lord Mayor,
after which the Prince of Wales declared the building opened. It was announced that through the
beneficence of a lady (Miss Alston) who wished to erect a memorial to her father, late of the City, the
two large windows at the east end of the hall were to be filled with stained glass containing Hfe-
size figures of Greek and English poets and philosophers. All the foundations of the school
building are carried to an average depth of 28 feet below the level of the school playground, and large
rectangular holes were sunk through the made ground down to a bed of Thames ballast, which was
met with at that level over the whole site, and which doubtless formed at one time the bottom of
the river. The hat and coat room, dining-room, and covered playground are on the basement, the
administration rooms and library are on the ground floor, the great hall on the first floor, natural
science school and lecture hall on the second floor, and twenty class rooms are distributed over
the building. The gymnasium is a detached building in the playground. The exterior, facing
the Embankment, is constructed entirely of Portland stone, but the columns of the windows have
polished red granite shafts. The style is that of the Renaissance enriched with carving and sculpture.
The Embankment front of the building is 120 feet long and a wide flight of steps leads up to the
porch. The tympana beneath the arched heads of the first floor windows are filled in with allegorical
seated figures representing various arts and sciences, and the wall spaces between these have square-
headed niches containing portrait statues of Bacon, Sir Thomas More, Shakespeare, Milton, and
Newton. The great hall is 100 feet by 45 feet with a handsome open-timbered roof 38 feet high.
The floor is of oak and the walls are faced with Portland stone. The building, which was designed by
Messrs. Davis and Emanuel, architects, cost about ^100,000, and the ground upon which it was
erected, and which was a free gift of the Corporation, was estimated to be worth ^100,000 more.
The Corporation voted 100 guineas for the relief of sufferers by the destruction
of the Alhambra Theatre by fire (14th). — During the year, Shaftesbury House,
Aldersgate Street, was pulled down.— The Chios Earthquake Relief Fund at
the Mansion House amounted to ^24,750. The other Mansion House Funds
were for Irish Ladies in Distress /i6,464; Emigration ^196; Sir Rowland Hill
Memorial ^18,507.
A.D. 1883 Modern History of the City of London. 357
1883.
^HE Corporation subscribed 200 guineas to the Mansion House Fund
for sufferers from the great fire at Kingston, Jamaica (18 Jan.,
1883). The fund reached a total of ^7,867. — The Corporation
offered their condolence and sympathy to the French people,
on the loss of their great statesman, M. Leon Gambetta. —
The first annual meeting of the London Chamber of Commerce, was held in
the Egyptian Hall, Mansion House, the Lord Mayor presiding. It was
reported that there were 1,386 members, of whom 117 were life members
(24th). — The Markets Committee were instructed by the Corporation to appoint
an official salesman for the Central Fish Market (i Feb.). — A design by
Mr. Charles Barry for covering over the area of the Royal Exchange having been
accepted, the Coal and Corn and Finance Committee were instructed to pay ^6,000
as the City's half of the cost (15th.) — Mr. Philip Magnus, Director of the City and
Guilds of London Institute, delivered an inaugural address at the opening of the
new Finsbury Technical College (19th). — A letter was received by the Corporation
from the Home Office, dated 19 Feb., asking that the Secretary, Sir William
Harcourt, might be supplied with copies of all accounts relating to the income
and expenditure of the City of London, including the amounts raised by rates and
the amounts received from the property of the City, together with copies of reports
made by sanitary and other officers. Sir John Monckton (Town Clerk) forwarded
the documents required (21st). On i Mar. the Common Council resolved to
refer this correspondence to the Special Committee to take such further action
thereon as might be deemed expedient, with a view to afford any additional
information that the Home Secretary might require. — The Corporation subscribed
^1,000 to the International Fisheries Exhibition, in view of the great benefits
accruing from the fisheries industry, not only as supplying a staple commodity of
food, but as the nursery for the sailors of our mercantile marine. — A quaint ceremony
was observed at the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, in confirmation of the
election of Dr. Benson to the See of Canterbury (3rd).
The proceedings were opened in the large vestry room, in which until so recently as the reign of
George IV the Archbishop's Court of Peculiars was held. Here Dr. Deane, Q.C., the Vicar-General
of the Province, presented to the Archbishop-elect Dr. Tristram, Q.C., Commissary-General to the
City and Diocese of Canterbury, and other officers. Dr. Tristram then asked the Archbishop-elect to
give his consent to the election, which having been duly signed by Dr. Benson, morning prayers
were read, and the legal business was proceeded with. At one time the Archbishop's Court of
Arches was held at Bow Church,
358
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1883
In the appeal case of Mr. C. H. Robarts (late Remembrancer) and the
Corporation, the Master of the Rolls and Lords Justices Baggallay and Lindley,
without hearing the Counsel for the Corporation, gave judgment for the re-
spondents (9th). — A resolution viewing with alarm the enormous increase in the
School Board rate was carried at a meeting of the Commissioners of Sewers
(20th). — The Grocers' Company issued a scheme for the encouragement of
original research in sanitary science, establishing three research scholarships,
each of ^250 a year, and a discovery prize of ^1,000, to be given once every
King's Weigh House Chapel, 1830.
four years. — Divine service was celebrated in the King's Weigh-house Chapel,
Fish Street Hill, for the last time, on Sunday i Ap. The church had existed
more than 200 years, the first pastor, Samuel Slater, having died in 1670. The
site of the chapel was needed for the completion of the Inner Circle Railway. The
Cutlers' Company presented the freedom of their guild to Lord Alcester (3rd). —
The Corporation resolved that the sums hitherto paid to the sheriffs should be
commuted for a fixed annual sum of ;^8i4 15.^. M., to be paid out of the City's
cash, being the same amount as was then paid under various ancient charters
(5th).— Lord Wolseley, G.C.B., and Lord Alcester, G.C.B., havino- returned from
- o
Egypt were presented, the former with an address, and the latter with
A.D, 1 883
Modern History of the City of London.
359
the Freedom (nth). — The Lord Mayor opened a fund at the Mansion
House for the sufferers from the terrible gales on the north-east coast
(i2th). The Corporation subscribed 300 guineas, and the fund altogether
amounted to ^1,796. — The Duke of Albany laid the foundation stone of the new
buildings for the Birkbeck Institution, in Bream's Buildings, Fetter Lane, His
Royal Highness being received there by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs and the
Building Committee (23rd). — The foundation stone of the New Council Chamber at
Guildhall, was laid (30th). In
connection with this work many
ancient portions of the Guildhall
were removed, including the old
Exchequer Chamber. For the first
time for many years the windows
of the crypt were exposed, and
the illustration gives a view of the
old west doorway. — The Royal
College of Music, to which the
Corporation and City Companies
had largely contributed, was
opened by the Prince of Wales on
the 7th May. — The Lord Mayor,
accompanied by the Sheriffs,
opened the new Central Fish
Market in Farringdon Street
(loth). The building, which was
originally intended as a market
for fruit and vegetables, cost about
.2^160,000, and, together with the
site, was valued at ,2^436,000, the
expense of converting it into a
fish market being ;^5,ooo.
The plan of the market gave an area
of nearly 44,000 feet, devoted to wholesale
market purposes, surrounded by forty-one
shops without dwellings, fronting the several
streets, which could be used for retail or other
purposes ; these occupied an additional area
Doorway of Western Crypt, Guildhall.
of 16,800 feet. The market area was approached by three main or vehicular entrances and two for foot
passengers, and consisted of a series of shops or stalls, thirty-three in number, having in front stands for
barrows, etc. It was stated that in a little over thirty years the Corporation had spent nearly three millions
of money on the erection of markets, which had conferred great benefits on the people of London.
36o Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1883
The Prince of Wales opened the International Fisheries Exhibition at South
Kensington, the Corporation sending twenty-five representatives (12th).
In the evening the occasion was celebrated by a banquet at Fishmongers' Hall, the company
including the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Edinburgh, the Duke of Connaught, the Duke of Albany,
the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of Teck, etc.
The Duke of Connaught took up his freedom at Merchant Taylors' Hall
(i8th).— Coulsdon Commons, which had been acquired by the Corporation under
the Corporation of London (Open Spaces) Act, 1878, were opened by Mr. Shaw
Lefevre, First Commissioner of Works, in the presence of the Lord Mayor and
Sheriffs and members of the Corporation.
The commons included Farthing Downs, 121a. i r. 39 p. ; Riddlesdown, 78 a. 3 r. 5 p. ;
Coulsdon Common, 76 a. 3 r. 38 p. ; Kenley Common, 70 a. or. 20 p., in all a total acreage of
347 acres i rood and 22 perches. The subject was first brought under the notice of the Corpora-
tion in July, 1878, by two gentlemen named Hall, of Kenley, near Croydon, who the previous year
had taken legal proceedings in Chancery, with some success, to prevent the enclosure of the commons
by the Lord of the Manor. The unenclosed portions of the commons were eventually purchased
for a sum of ^7,000, the purchase being completed on 5 Feb., 1883. The cost of maintenance
in 1892 was ^331 4.S'. id., charged to the Grain Duty account.
At a special Quarter Sessions at Guildhall, a jury awarded ^19,698 as com-
pensation for the freehold and goodwill of the "Cock Tavern," Fleet Street. — In
pursuance of a petition from the Corporation, it was ordered by Her Majesty in
Council that all issues or enquiries at Nisi Prius which would otherwise be tried and
executed in the Court of the City of London should for ever hereafter be tried and
executed at the new Courts of Justice (22nd). — The Law and City Courts' Com-
mittee reported on the bequest for charitable purposes affecting the City of London,
by the late Thomas Alexander Mitchell, M.P., and four members of the Corporation
were elected as representatives on the Board of Trustees (24th).
The fund in 1879 amounted to about ;,^6o,ooo, and under the will another ;^4o,ooo would
under certain conditions be eventually added to it. The scheme settled by the Court of Chancery
and confirmed by an order of the 20 Jan., 1883, directs that the trustees shall be fifteen in number,
nine representative and six co-optative. Of the former, four were to be appointed by the Corpora-
tion, three by the London School Board and two by the governing body of Christ's Hospital. One
third of the income of the charity is to be applied for the relief of the poor of the City of London
by monetary assistance, grants to dispensaries, workmen's clubs, and pensions to deserving and
necessitous persons, and the remaining two-thirds for the advanced education and benefit of the
children of poor parents connected with the City of London, by apprenticeship premiums, weekly
payments to encourage attendance at school, the granting of scholarship exhibitions, rewards and prizes,
the maintenance of orphans, etc.
In accordance with a recommendation of the Port Sanitary Committee, a
hospital was ordered to be built on the Kentish shore, in the immediate neighbour-
hood of the hospital ship " Rhin." — It was decided to offer for sale the site of
A.D. 1883 Modern History of the City of London. 361
the City of London School, in Milk Street. The freehold building was sold
privately (10 Aug.) and fetched the sum of ^65,000. — Mr. Gladstone announced
that the London Municipal Reform Bill would not be proceeded with this session
(29 May). — The Lord Mayor presided at a meeting at the Mansion House, in aid of
a fund for providing anew diocese of Southwell, in accordance with the Act passed in
1878 (i June). — The Commissioners of Sewers gave instructions to acquire property
for the widening of Queen Street, Cheapside, at a cost of about ^105,000 (5th). —
An exhibition of Irish lace, with a view to creating an interest in this industry, was
opened at the Mansion House by the Duke of Connaught, who was accompanied by
the Duchess. Some very fine specimens of work were contributed by Her
Majesty and the Princess of Wales. — Dr. William Spottiswoode, F.R.S., died at
the age of fifty-eight.
He succeeded his father as manager of the business of the Queen's Printers, was President of
the British Association in 1878, and was elected President of the Royal Society in 1879. The
remains were deposited in Westminster Abbey on 5 July.
The Corporation agreed to pay the Commissioners of Sewers ^^4, 100 for the
purpose of widening Fenchurch Street. — The Prince of A\'ales, accompanied by the
Princess, opened the new buildings of the City of London College, White Street,
Moorfields (7 July).
This excellent institution was originated by the Rev. Prebendary Mackenzie, M.A. (rector of
Allhallows, Lombard Street), and the Rev. Prebendary Whittington, M.A. (rector of St. Peter-upon-
Cornhill) in 1848; it was then known as the Metropolitan Evening Classes, which met at Crosby Hall,
Bishopsgate Street. In i860 these classes were transferred to Sussex Hall, Leadenhall Street, and
constituted the City of London College. The growth of the work and the increasing number of
students had rendered a new building absolutely essential. The site in '\\'hite Street was granted by
the Charity Commissioners, and the cost of the building, which is of red brick, with dressings of Portland
stone, was about ^16,000. The large Hall is capable of seating 1,000 persons.
Deputy Henry Lowman Taylor, J. P., a very active member of the Corporation,
died at Anerley. — An Embroidery Exhibition, in connection with the Royal School
of Art Needlework, South Kensington, was opened by Princess Christian at the
Mansion House (i ith). — The new Parcels Post came into operation, and during the
first four days nearly 30,000 parcels were delivered in London (i Aug.). — On the
same day the limits of the Port of London Sanitary Authority were defined by a
Treasury Minute. These limits extend down both sides of the river Thames, from
high water mark at Teddington Lock to an imaginary line drawn from the Pilot
mark, at the entrance of Havengore Creek, to the Land's End at Warden Point,
in the Island of Sheppey. — The City of London Parochial Charities Act was
passed on the 20th. — The Lord Mayor opened a fund at the Mansion House for
AAA
362 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1883
the relief of sufferers by the recent earthquake in the Island of Ischia, outside the
Bay of Naples, when more than 5,000 lives were lost. The fund reached a total
of .^2,933, the Corporation contributing 200 guineas (2ist).--The Lord Mayor
laid the foundation stone of a new public hall at Loughton, provided out of the
funds (^2,780), awarded by the arbitrator as compensation by the Corporation for the
loss by the inhabitants of Epping Forest of their rights of lopping (18 Sep.).— A
fire broke out at the Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford, resulting in the destruction
of / 1 0,000 worth of property.— The Corporation voted 200 guineas to the
Mansion House Fund for the sufferers from cholera in Egypt. The fund reached
a total of ^2,910.— The election of Lord Mayor on 29 Sept. was the occasion of
a sharp conflict between the Livery and the Aldermen.
Mr. Simeon Charles Hadley was the next Alderman in rotation for the Civic chair, and his
supporters assembled in large numbeis at the Common Hall. It was understood that the Aldermen
would refuse to accept his nomination if returned by the Livery. The latter voted almost unanimously
in his favor. The Sheriffs declared that the choice of the Livery had fallen upon Simeon Charles
Hadley and Robert Nicholas Fowler, M.P. This decision was loudly and repeatedly challenged, but
the Aldermen retired to their chamber and after the lapse of half-an-hour returned to the hustings,
when it was at once seen that the selection had not fallen upon Mr. Hadley. A stormy scene
immediately followed. The Livery hooted, and hissed, and shouted " Hadley," and it was some
time before the Recorder could be heard making the announcement that the election had fallen
upon Mr. Alderman Fowler. The Lord Mayor could not for a considerable time obtain a hearing, and
the Lord Mayor elect said he had come there that morning without the smallest idea that this honour
would be conferred upon him. Mr. Alderman Hadley thanked the Livery for their sympathy and
support, and said he could not imagine why the usual course had not been taken by his brethren the
Aldermen. The storm having somewhat abated the customary votes of thanks were passed, together
with the following resolution : — " That the Liverymen of the City of London assembled in Common
Hall view with alarm the interference with the rights, liberty and freedom of the Livery to elect
their Lord Mayor, and call upon the Common Council to take such steps as they may in their
judgment deem expedient to abolish the selection of an Alderman in opposition to the rights and
privileges of this Livery."
Subsequent events fully justified the course taken by the Court of Aldermen on
this occasion. — Burnham Beeches, which had been purchased by the Corporation,
were dedicated to the use and enjoyment of the public by the Duke of Buckingham
and Chandos, Lord Lieutenant of the County, in the presence of the Lord Mayor
and Corporation (4 Oct.).
The story of Burnham Beeches, one of the most beautiful stretches of woodland scenery within
easy access of London, may be told in a few words. On 24 June, 1879, Messrs. Driver and Co. put up
to auction at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, the property described as portions of the Dropmore Estate,
which included in one lot 374 acres of open wood and common, and 175 acres of enclosed woodlands,
farmhouse and orchards. The sale was not effected, but as the result of some correspondence between
Mr. F. G. Heath and the Corporation, the latter resolved to purchase the wood and common for the
use and enjoyment of the public. It being thought that someone might try to make money out of the
A.D. 1883
Modern History of the City of London.
i^Z
business, Sir H. W. Peek bought up the whole at the reserve price of ;^i 2,000, and the Corporation
agreed to purchase the 374 acres of open land for ^6,000, Sir H. W. Peek retaining the enclosed
land and paying the difference. The Corporation also agreed to pay ;£3,ooo as the value of the
timber, and to make the necessary roads. The Duke of Buckingham on the day of dedication referred
to the Beeches as a valued remnant of the old Chiltern Wood. The principal road through the
Old Sion College, London Wall.
Beeches was named the Duke's Drive, the other main paths receiving the names of the Lord Mayor's
Drive, Bedford Road, and Halse Drive. The Mayor and Corporation of Wycombe took occasion to
present an address of thanks to the Lord Mayor for the great boon which had been conferred upon
the town by the preservation of the wood and common.
The Bridge House Estates Committee were authorised to obtain ParHamentary
powers to establish or maintain one or more steam ferries across the Thames, east
of London Bridge (i8th). — The Corporation granted the governors of Sion College
the lease of a plot of land on the \^ictoria Embankment for eighty years at ^1,265
per annum, with the option of purchasing the freehold for ^31,625. — The Com-
missioners of Sewers resolved to widen Old Broad Street to 39 feet, and decided
AAA 2
364 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1883
that it was desirable to proceed with the diagonal street from Monument Yard
to the Coal Exchange (23rd). — On the occasion of his entering upon the
1 00th year of his age, the Common Council offered its sincere and hearty
congratulations to Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart, who in 1837 filled the office of
Sheriff of London and Middlesex. — The Common Council passed a resolution
sympathising with the poorer classes of the Metropolis who had been turned
out of their homes to make way for public improvements, and instructed the
Finance Committee to see what funds were available for providing artizans'
dwellings in districts where they might be specially needed. — M. De Lesseps,
constructor of the Suez Canal, was present at the Lord Mayor's banquet
(9 Nov.). — The Corporation voted ^6,000, half the cost of removing the
projecting houses in Long Lane, which were an obstruction to the traffic. —
The Lord Mayor presided at a crowded and enthusiastic meeting at the
Mansion House to protest against the proposed alteration of the Bechuanaland
frontier in favour of the Transvaal. The Earl of Shaftesbury and Mr. W. E.
Forster, M.P., were among those who spoke in the interest of the natives
(27th). — The Corporation resolved to co-operate with the Prince of Wales and
the Livery Committees in promoting the forthcoming International Health
Exhibition, and contributed ^5,000, with a guarantee of ^10,000 in furtherance
of the object (29th). — Mr. Alderman Finnis, senior member of the Court of
Aldermen and Father of the Corporation, died in his eighty-third year (30th). —
The reconstruction of the Fenchurch Street terminus of the Great Eastern Railway
Company was completed (5 Dec). — Lady Ellis was presented at the Mansion
House with a marble bust of Alderman Sir John Whittaker Ellis, by inhabitants of
Broad Street Ward, as a mark of their appreciation of her genial courtesy and
of the distinguished services of her husband during his mayoralty. — -The
Commissioners of Sewers voted a sum of ^^2,050 towards the widening of
New Broad Street (20th). — Mansion House Funds were raised in connection
with the Irish Famine, ^5,571 ; Destitution In the Western Islands of Scotland,
^5.539; Clay Cross Colliery disaster, ^1,681; Anatolia Earthquake, ^295.—
Dolly's Chop House, Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row, was pulled
down. — The Gresham Almshouses having been removed from the City
Mews or Green-yard, Lower Whitecross Street, the old buildings were
used as dwellings for married constables of the City police. The new
Almshouses, erected at Brixton, cost ^4,250, the amount being paid out
of the City's cash,
A.D. 1884
Modern History of the City of London.
365
1884.
HE Commissioners of Sewers decided to talce property for the
new diagonal street from Monument Yard to the Coal Exchange
in Thames Street (4 Jan., il
So far back as 1862 a deputation of owners and occupiers of property in the
Ward of Billingsgate presented a petition to the Common Council for a street
improvement in this neighbourhood. The plan adopted was to make a street from Monument Yard
to the south-west corner of the Coal Exchange, crossing diagonally Pudding Lane, Botolph Lane
and Love Lane, and taking in several houses opposite Billingsgate Market. The removal of the
houses in Thames Street it was thought would afford an excellent lay-bye and give a wide entrance
to the new street. The width of the new street was to be 50 feet and the length 465 feet.
Sir Moses Montefiore sent ^^99 to the Mansion House Poor Box, which
was one pound for every completed year of his life. — A new and splendid thorough-
fare, known by its old name of Eastcheap, was inaugurated by Sir Edward
Watkin, Alderman Sir W Mc Arthur, K.C.M.G., M.P., and several other
members of Parliament, Mr. George Shaw (Chairman of the Commissioners of
Sewers) and other members of the Corporation. The improvement was due to
the joint efforts of the Metropolitan and Metropolitan District Railway Companies,
the Metropolitan Board of Works and the Commissioners of Sewers (25th). —
The case of the Queen on the prosecution of Kerr v. Scott, came on for argument
in the Court of Appeal, before the Master of the Rolls and Lord Justice Bowen
(5 Feb.).
This was an appeal from a decision of the Divisional Court, which refused to grant, at the instance
of Mr. Commissioner Kerr, the Judge of the City of London Court, a mandamus to Mr. Benjamin
Scott, the Chamberlain, directing him to pay to Mr. Kerr i9-4o'hs of the fees received in the City
of London Court. Their lordships dismissed the appeal.
A great meeting took place at the Guildhall to consider the Government policy
in the Soudan. The Lord Mayor presided, and an overflow meeting was held in
GuildhaU Yard (15th). — It was announced that the total sum contributed by the
City Companies to the City and Guilds of London Technical Institute from 1878
to 1883 was ^152,127 los., including ^44,562 los. by way of donations to the
building fund (23rd). — The Lord Mayor, accompanied by the Sheriffs, unveiled
a memorial window to Shakespeare, presented by an anonymous donor, in
the church of St. Helen, Bishopsgate (29th). — The Lord Mayor entertained
representatives of the great religious and philanthropic societies to meet the
Earl of Shaftesbury. The company included the Archbishop of Canterbury, the
366 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1884
President of the Wesleyan Conference, and the Rev. Dr. Allon, who was looked
upon as the father of CongregationaHsm (5 Mar.). — A large and enthusiastic
meeting of City ratepayers was held at the Mansion House, to protest against
the growing expenditure of the London School Board (17th). — A memorial bust
of Samuel Pepys was unveiled in St. Olave's, Hart Street (19th). — At a meeting
of the Mansion House Council on the Dwellings of the Poor, held at the
Mansion House, the report, the adoption of which was moved by the Marquis
of Salisbury and seconded by the Archbishop of Canterbury, showed that special
attention had been directed to sanitary questions, such as overcrowding, ventilation,
water-supply, drainage, etc. (24th). — Viscount Cranbrook presided at a dinner,
to celebrate the opening of the City Conservative Club, Lombard Street, Lord
Randolph Churchill being one of the speakers (25th). — The Prince of Wales
appealed, in a letter to the Lord Mayor, to the Corporation and Livery Companies
for further aid to the City and Guilds of London Technical Institute (27th).
The Common Council (3 Ap.) voted ^1,000 towards the ^20,000 required for
the equipment of the Central Institute, conditionally upon the Livery Companies
subscribing a further sum of ;^i9,ooo to that object. Upwards of ;^i 7,000
having been obtained the Corporation's condition was afterwards withdrawn. — The
Common Council passed a resolution affirming that the London School Board
rate was excessive, and its incidence unjust, and that Parliament should limit
its amount. — On the announcement of the death of H.R.H. Prince Leopold,
Duke of Albany, K.G., at Cannes, the great bell of St. Paul's, and the bells of
many of the City churches were tolled, and flags were floated at half-mast from the
various public buildings (28 Mar.). The Corporation on the 3 ist passed a resolution
of condolence with Her Majesty and another expressing sympathy with the Duchess
of Albany. — The Earl of Carnarvon opened the City Constitutional Club, Milk
Street, the old City of London School having been adapted for the purpose
(29th). — A great fire took place In Paternoster Row, originating In Lovell's
Court, on the premises of Messrs. Pardon and Sons, Printers. It extended
from Newgate Street almost to St. Paul's Churchyard, and embraced forty
houses and establishments, the damage being estimated at ^250,000 (2 Ap.). ■
Sir William Harcourt's London Government Bill, which proposed the practical
abolition of the Corporation, and the creation of one municipality for the whole of
London, was read a first time In the House of Commons (8th). — The new hospital
for Infectious diseases, near Gravesend, was opened by the Lord Mayor (17th).
The Hospital was built by order of the Corporation from designs of Mr. Horace Jones, assisted
by Dr. Collingridge, Medical Officer of Health for the Port of London. For twelve years the Port
A.D. 1884 Modern History of the City of London. i^^l
Sanitary Committee had carried on its useful work of protecting London from the infection of diseases
imported from foreign parts, in the old French warship the Rhin lent for the purpose by the Admiralty.
The inconvenience of transferring patients to a floating vessel in an advanced stage of decay had long
been apparent, the result being that a hospital was built about a mile beyond Gravesend.
On the following day (i8th) the Corporation Special Committee brought up a
report on the London Government Bill, and submitted the following resolutions,
which were adopted by the Common Council, viz. :
I. That in the deliberate opinion of this committee the London Government Bill is opposed to the
interests, not only of the citizens of London, but of the Metropohtan Ratepayers generally. 2. That
by its provisions the principle of Local Self Government, so far from being encouraged or supported, is
practically destroyed. 3. That judging from past and present experience at home and abroad, the
result of the proposed monster Municipality must inevitably be a great increase in public rates and
expenditure, and decrease in personal care and supervision on the part of those who had hitherto, as
local authorities, occupied themselves in the local government of the Metropolis. 4. That the Bill,
while performing its extension and enlargement, practically extinguishes the ancient Corporation of the
City of London, with its charters, liberties and traditions. 5. That for the foregoing, amongst other
reasons, the Bill should be strenuously opposed and the Committee authorised to act accordingly, with
all possible vigour and dispatch.
The Common Council decided to petition against the Bill and a similar course
was adopted by the Commissioners of Sewers (22nd). Resolutions in opposition to
the Bill poured into the Guildhall from local bodies in all parts of the Metropolis,
only two or three memorials being in favour of the measure. Upwards of 200
petitions, containing more than 20,000 signatures, were presented to the House of
Commons against the London Government Bill. A great meeting of City electors
was held at Guildhall under the presidency of the Lord Mayor in protest, the
proceedings being marked with great enthusiasm (9 May). — In the course of
excavations, in Seething Lane, for the Metropolitan Extension, the remains of a
bronze Roman statue of heroic size were found. Two coins, one bearing the
superscription of Nero and the other that of Vespasian, were also discovered
(23 Ap.). — The chief attraction of the Health Exhibition, at South Kensington,
was the representation of "Old London," suggested by Mr. George Shaw, who
presided over a Committee appointed to carry out the idea. The street was
designed by Mr. G. H. Birch, and consisted of shops of the Elizabethan
period, fitted up by some of the City Companies to represent the exercise
of various handicrafts of that time. — The freedom of the Salters' Company
was presented to the Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G., D.C. L. (14 May). — The Cor-
poration subscribed 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund (^10,535)
for the sufferers from the recent earthquake in Essex (15th). — -The City of
London Society of Artists opened an Exhibition of Pictures and Sculpture
368 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1884
at the Guildhall (20th).— An Exhibition of works in wood was opened by the
Lord Mayor at Carpenters' Hall, the Exhibition being free to the public (23rd).—
The Port of London Sanitary Committee were authorised to pay ^10,096 7^. 6d.
which had been expended in connection with the Royal Commission on the
pollution of the Thames by sewage (29th).— The Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G., D.C.L.,
St. Paul's School, St. Paul's Churchyard, 1827.
was presented with the freedom of the City in testimony of the esteem and admira-
tion of the Corporation, and "in recognition of his Lordship's life-long and successful
labours on behalf of the young, the suffering, the degraded, and the oppressed ; and
the devotion by him of high position, wealth, time, and influence to the alleviation of
human suffering both at home and abroad " (20 June). — The Royal Commission of
Enquiry into the Livery Committees of the City of London issued their report
recommending certain reforms (26th). A separate minority report was prepared
by Sir R. Cross's directions and signed by him. Sir N. de Rothschild, Bart.,
M.P., and Mr. Alderman Cotton, M.P., the latter also adding a separate protest.
— The City and Guilds of London Technical Institute at South Kensington was
opened by the Prince of Wales on the same day.
His Royal Highness was received by Lord Selborne, Lord Chancellor; Sir F. Bramwell and
Sir Sydney H. Waterlow, Bart., Vice-Presidents of the Institute; Mr. J. Watney and Mr. (afterwards
Sir) Owen Roberts, M.A., Hon. Secretaries, and Mr. (afterwards Sir) P. Magnus, Director and Secretary
of the Institute; the Right Hon. Lord Carlingford and the Right Hon. A. J. Mundella on the part of Her
A.D. 1884 Modern History of the City of London. 369
Majesty's Government ; the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs ; M. Waddington, French Ambassador ;
Professor Huxley, President of the Royal Society, and many others distinguished in the world
of science. The Lord Chancellor said it was estimated that the building when fully equipped
would cost nearly p^ioo,ooo. His lordship mentioned incidentally that the number of students
recently examined at the Technological Examinations was 3,628, a large increase on previous
years. The Prince of Wales expressed a hope that the Livery Companies would continue to
subscribe liberally to this great National School of Technical Science and Art, which would
help to promote the development of our leading industries. The Corporation on the same
day voted, in connection with the opening of the Central Institution, a scholarship of ^50 a
year for three years, to be called the Royal Albany Scholarship.
The new building erected at Hammersmith for St. Paul's School, in place
of that which existed for so long a period in St. Paul's Churchyard, was opened
by the Lord Chancellor (19 July).
The building and grounds occupy a site of about 16 acres. The former has a frontage of 350
feet and is constructed of red brick and terra-cotta. The school was built from designs of
Mr. Waterhouse, A.R.A., at a cost of about _;^9o,ooo, the total outlay being about ;^ioo,ooo, exclusive
of the site, for which ^^41,000 was paid. The top story contains an immense dining room and
kitchens for the scholars' mid-day meals, besides two large lecture rooms and two physical and
chemical laboratories. The ground floor and first floor are occupied by twenty-four class-rooms,
drawing-class rooms, a large library and the masters' common rooms. At the western end is a large
hall, 80 feet by 40 feet, and covered playgrounds and workshops occupy the lower story. To the left
of the school are eight fives-courts, and beyond them and immediately behind the school a fine open
garden of about 10 acres, turfed in the middle for cricket and other games. The school is capable of
accommodating 1,000 boys. It was founded in the year 15 10, by Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's.
The total income of the foundation in 1879 was about _;^i2,ooo a year. According to the new scheme
of the Endowed Schools Commissioners of 1876 (amended in 1879) provision was to be made for
500 boys on the classical and 500 on the modern side, and a school was to be established for the
accommodation of not less than 400 girls. There are 153 foundation scholars.
Mr. John Derby Allcroft, Treasurer of Christ's Hospital, was presented by
the Duke of Cambridge (President), in the name of the governors and subscribers,
with his portrait by Mr. Herkomer, A.R.A., and a group in silver, in recognition of
his services to the school (24th). — The Common Council resolved that a selection
from the early wills preserved among the archives of the Corporation should
be prepared for printing, together with a calendar and index (28th). — The new
street from King William statue to Tower Hill was completed (31st). — The
jubilee of the abolition of slavery in the British Colonies was celebrated by
a great meeting at Guildhall. The Prince of Wales presided, supported by the
Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal Manning
(i Aug.). — The City Constitutional Club having acquired and adapted the
buildings formerly belonging to the City of London School, in Milk Street, the
Lord Mayor presided at an inaugural banquet (15th). — The church of St. Olave,
BBB
370
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1884
Old Jewry, was condemned under the Union of Benefices Act. — The foundation
stone of the new hall of the Butchers' Company was laid in Bartholomew Close
(i Sept.). — The Inner Circle Railway was completed (17th).
A numerous company, including the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs who attended in state, assembled at
Cannon Street Station and proceeded by special train over the new line, stopping at each station en route.
A dejeuner was afterwards served at the Cannon Street Hotel, at which Sir Edward Watkin said that for
Interior of Monument Station.
the undertaking just completed the two Companies (the Metropolitan and the Metropolitan District) were
practically liable for two millions of money, after deducting the ^^5 00, 000 subsidy from the Metropolitan
Board of Works and the ^300,000 from the Commissioners of Sewers. These bodies had availed them-
selves of the opportunity offered by the construction of the line to effect a great public improvement in
the widening of Eastcheap. The cost of the section just completed was ^1,043,000, and the whole length
only 1,200 yards, so that it had cost ^{^854 a yard. Between the King William statue and Trinity Square
the outlay was 1,000 guineas per yard. The Inner Circle Railway was opened to the public on 6 Oct.
The Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House fund in aid of the
sufferers from cholera at Naples (25 Sept.). The fund realised .1^1,531. — The
Markets Committee presented a report to the Common Council showing a
deficiency on the London Central Fish Market of ^5,303 i^s. id. per annum. If,
however, all the shops had been let the deficiency would have been covered.
Mr. F. P. AUiston, Chairman of the Markets Committee, in the course of his explanatory
statement said : "Against 4,294 tons delivered at the Central Fish Market in the course of the year he
had to place 123,421 delivered at Billingsgate in the same period. A year's trade at the Inland Fish
Market was, in fact, equal to about ten days' trade at Billingsgate."
A.D. 1884 Modern History of the City of London. 371
It was thereupon referred to the Markets Committee to consider the question
of the future of the Market. — The new Council Chamber at Guildhall was formally
opened (2 Oct.).
The building, which was designed by the late Sir Horace Jones, stands on the north side of the
Guildhall and on the site originally occupied by the Court of Exchequer, a portion of the Chamberlain's
office, and the offices of the Town Clerk and Architect. It is duodecagonal in plan, and in style it
harmonises with the Guildhall and Library. The interior of the Chamber is 54 feet in diameter and
is surrounded by a corridor 9 feet wide. Sitting accommodation is provided for the 206 members of the
Common Council, the seats being arranged concentrically to the Lord Mayor's chair and on rising
platforms. Seats for twenty-five Aldermen, the Recorder and Sheriffs, are provided on the dais on
either side of the Lord Mayor, the officers sitting immediately below and in front of his Lordship.
Accommodation is found for the press and public in the gallery which surrounds the building. The
dome, which is 61 feet 6 inches above the floor of the Chamber, is surmounted by an oaken lantern.
The acoustic properties of this splendid Chamber were at first somewhat defective, but they have
since been improved. The cost of the building, exclusive of the value of the site, was nearly
;^45,ooo. Before taking possession of the new Council Chamber a meeting was held in the old one,
which had been erected about the year 1777 by the then City Architect, Mr. George Dance. The
Council then proceeded to the new Chamber, where prayer was offered by the Rev. Prebendary
Whittington, M.A., chaplain to the Lord Mayor, and an address was delivered by his lordship.
A medal was ordered to be struck to commemorate the occasion.
The Corporation resolved to continue the London Central Fish Market, but to
discontinue the appointment of an official salesman. — It was announced that the
order for the second reading of the London Government Bill had been discharged
(19 Oct.). — The Lord Mayor opened a handsome drinking fountain in Adelaide
Place, London Bridge. The fountain was modelled by Mr. Charles Barry, and was
a replica of one in Cincinnati (28 Oct.). — The Bridge House Committee submitted
two designs for the new bridge across the Thames, one a swing bridge and the other
a bascule bridge. The latter was adopted by the Corporation (28th). — London s
Roll of Fame was published (i Nov.). This work was prepared by the Chamberlain
(Mr. B. Scott) by direction of the Common Council, and included the addresses of
the Chamberlains of the City to those on whom its honorary freedom had been
conferred, from the accession of George III, together with the replies of the reci-
pients ; also the addresses presented by the Common Council to foreign sovereigns
and other distinguished persons. — The Lord Mayor (Mr. Alderman Fowler, M.P.)
was presented with the honorary freedom of the Grocers' Company (7th). — Alderman
George Swan Nottage was elected Lord Mayor. — For some years the condition of
the Queen Anne statue in front of St. Paul's Cathedral, with its mutilated face, had
been a disgrace to the City. The Corporation now ordered a replica of the entire
group in Sicilian marble, at a cost of ^1,800 (6 Dec). — Sermons commemorating
the 1 00th anniversary of the death of Dr. Johnson were preached in the City,
especially in the neighbourhood of Fleet Street (14th). — The Commissioners of
EBB 2
372
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1884
Sewers agreed to widen Cloak Lane, making it 25 feet between Dowgate Hill
and College Hill, at an expense of ^6,000 (i6th). — A dynamite explosion
occurred on London Bridge (13 Dec).
A charge of dynamite had been attached to one of the buttresses and exploded, shattering many
windows in the neighbourhood and severely shaking some of the foot passengers, but doing no damage
Staple Inn and Holborn Bars.
to the masonry of the bridge. The Corporation offered a reward of ^5,000 for the discovery of the
perpetrator or perpetrators of the outrage.
The Corporation voted 200 guineas to the funds of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom for scientific observation or culture of sea fish
and the improvement and regulation of the British Sea Fisheries.— A memorial
stone of the Freemen's Almshouses at Brixton was laid (24th). — A Mansion
House Fund was opened for the captive crew of the Nisero, and a sum of
^1,237 was collected.— The Hospital Sunday Fund amounted to /4i,i24.
An addition was made to the Stock Exchange.— Staple Inn, Holborn was sold.— An apparatus,
termed a Destructor, for burning refuse, was erected at Lett's Wharf by the Commissioners of Sewers^
at a cost of about ^12,100. The smoke and vapour passes through superheated furnaces and then to
a clearmg shaft 150 feet high. The quantity of house and trade refuse consumed in the Destructor is
about 25,000 loads annually, or more than half the total quantity of refuse removed from the City.
A.D. 1885 Modern History of the City of London. 2,7?'
'HE Right Rev. John Jackson, the Bishop of London, died at Fulham
Palace (6 Jan. 1885), the great bell of St. Paul's being tolled. — The
Corporation voted addresses of compliment and congratulation to the
Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales, and Prince Albert Victor
of Wales, K.G., on the occasion of the coming of age of the latter,
the young Prince being invited to take upon himself the freedom of the City, to
which he was entitled by patrimony (8th). — Two large and imposing blocks of
labourers' and artizans' dwellings, erected by the Commissioners of Sewers in
Petdcoat Square, were opened (26th). The two blocks are known as King's and
South Blocks. The cost of clearing the Golden Lane and Petticoat Square sites
was ^120,526, and the cost of the buildings ^80,389. — A resolution of the Hon.
Artillery Company was forwarded to the Corporation, conveying the assurance of
the readiness of the members of the Company to assist the civil authorities in
protecting the public buildings of the City from attack by dynamiters (29th). —
Sir T. J. Nelson, City Solicitor, died suddenly (7 Feb.).
Thomas James Nelson was the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Nelson, for over seventy years a
ship-broker, carrying on business in the City. He was born on i8 Oct., 1826, at Walthamstow. He
was appointed City Solicitor at the age of thirty-si.x, and in 1864 as Acting Remembrancer he helped
to pass the Holborn Valley Improvement Bill. The two important subjects, gas and water, had
also engaged his attention, but his great work was connected with the preservation of Epping Forest.
It was at Sir Thomas Nelson's suggestion that the Livery Franchise, which had been fixed at a
seven-mile residence from the City, was extended by the Reform Bill of 1867 to 25 miles.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners offered the Corporation, for the use and
enjoyment of the people, Gravel Pit Wood, Highgate (69 acres), and some land at
Kilburn (30 acres), on condition that the Corporation would lay out the sites and
maintain them in perpetuity (12th). In May the offer was accepted so far as it
related to Highgate Wood. — A sum of 100 guineas was voted by the Common
Council to the Essex Agricultural Society, for Corporation prizes at the forthcoming
show at Waltham Abbey, under the presidency of the Duke of Connaught, Ranger
of Epping Forest. — The Tower of St. Magnus the Martyr Church, near the foot
of London Bridge, was restored under the direction of Mr. A. Billing, (14th). — A
public meeting was held at Cannon Street Hotel (i6th), to protest against the
proposal contained in the Re-distribution of Seats Bill, to reduce the City repre-
sentation from four to two. Mr. Alderman Fowler vigorously opposed the Bill in
Committee of the House of Commons but his amendment to substitute four for two
374
Modern History of the City of London.
A.D. 1885
was negatived. — It was announced that the Fishmongers' Company had decided
to dispose of their Irish Estates, the rent roll of which amounted to about ^9,000
per annum (i8th). — Mr. Robarts, the late Remembrancer, by persistent application
to the Corporation, was eventually successful. On the i8th, it was resolved, after
considerable discussion, that his appeal to the generosity of the Court should be
complied with, that the payment of ^1,000 should be made to him out of the City's
cash, and that the taxed costs payable by him to the Corporation should not be
enforced against him. — The
Corporation voted 500 guineas
for the relief of sufferers from
the recent earthquakes in
Spain, and 100 guineas in aid
of the fund for the relief of
widows and orphans of the
crew of the wrecked steam-
ship Pochard, which was
engaged in connection with
the Foreign Cattle Market,
Deptford. — The honorary free-
dom of the Tinplate Workers'
Company, was conferred upon the Marquis of Lome at the Mansion House. —
The first piles of the London Riverside Fish Market, Lower Shadwell, were
driven by the Duke of Westminster and the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. The
site had been under consideration since 1868, when a petition was presented by
the Limehouse District Board of Works to the Common Council, urging them
to use the site for a fish market, instead of obtaining powers to enlarge
Billingsgate. The first attempt to float a company was a failure, but another
essay was more successful (24 Feb.). — The Charity Commissioners published a draft
scheme for the re-organisation of Christ's Hospital. — With a view to relieve the
finances and the City ratepayers, the Finance Committee of the Commissioners of
Sewers suggested the raising of a loan of a million by means of 3^ per cent,
debentures, repayable by the appropriation of a fixed annual sum. The Committee
also recommended that a fixed annual sum of ^70,362 should be appropriated to
the discharge of such debentures and interest within a period of twenty years, as
provided by the Local Loans Act, 1875. By this arrangement the rates would be
relieved to the extent of a penny and a fraction in the £. The report was adopted
(4 Mar.). — During the excavations for Messrs. Waterlow's new premises in London
Bird's-eye view of Christ's Hospital. — From an old print.
A.D. 1885
Modern History of the City of London.
375
Wall, a large portion of the ancient City wall was unearthed. — Mr. H. H. Crawford
was elected City Solicitor (12th). — The Lord Mayor presided at a meeting of the
Gordon Memorial Committee at the Mansion House (14th), General Gordon having
been betrayed and killed in the defence of Khartoum on 24 Jan. The Corporation
voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund and 250 guineas for a bust of
General Gordon to be placed in the Guildhall. — The Common Council agreed to
erect a building; for the Guildhall School of Music on the Victoria Embankment,
at a cost of ^20,000, an additional ^2,600 being afterwards voted for Portland stone
(26th). — The Servian Minister informed the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House
that the King had nominated him Grand Officer of the Royal Order of Takovo, in
appreciation of his services to the cause of progress and his sympathy with
Servia (i Ap.). — London was startled by the
announcement that the Lord Mayor had died at the
Mansion House after a short illness (iith).
Lord Mayor Nottage, who was sixty-one years of age, was the
founder of the London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company ;
while at Brighton he was well-known for the great improvements
he had made in the King's Road by the erection of handsome
blocks of buildings. He was elected Alderman in 1875 ^"d
Sheriff in 1877. More than 100 years had passed since the
death of a Lord Mayor during his year of office, the last occasion
being that of Lord Mayor Beckford, who died in 1770.
Extensive preparations were made for the burial
of the late Lord Mayor at St. Paul's on the i8th.
On that day dense crowds gathered along the line of route
from the Mansion House to St. Paul's, business being temporarily
suspended. The road was kept by detachments of the London
Rifle Brigade and the ist City of London Artillery, while the
Hon. Artillery Company took up a position in St. Paul's Church-
yard. Three thousand persons received tickets of admission to
the Cathedral, the northern side of the dome being reserved for
members of the Common Council in mazarine gowns and their
ladies, while facing them were some fifty provincial Mayors in
scarlet gowns and gold chains. The Duke of Edinburgh and the
Duke of Cambridge were also present. Close to Nelson's famous
tomb in the crypt were laid the ashes of Lord Mayor Nottage,
the spot being marked by a brass plate which was afterwards
placed there by order of the Corporation.
Statuette of Bluecoat Boy,
Christ's Hospital.
Alderman Fowler was elected Lord Mayor for the remainder of the term of the
Mayoralty. — A meeting presided over by the Lord Mayor was held at the Cannon
Street Hotel, to give expression to the anxiety felt by the commercial world at the
condition of the navy. A resolution urging the Government to take immediate
376 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1885
steps to improve the navy, was moved by Mr. H. Hucks Gibbs and seconded by the
Right Hon. W. H. Smith.— The foundation stone of Sion College, was laid on the
Victoria Embankment, by the Rev. A. Povah, M.A., President of the College (21st).
—It was referred to the Library Committee to consider the desirability of
establishing an Art Gallery, for the
reception and exhibition of works
of art belonging to the Corporation.
The vacant Court of Queen's Bench
in the Guildhall Yard was appro-
priated for the purpose. — The
Corporation having passed a con-
gratulatory address to the King of
the Belgians, on the recognition by
the Powers of the Congo Free
State, of which the King was named
Protector, the Lord Mayor, the
Sheriffs, and a deputation of mem-
bers of the Corporation proceeded
to Brussels (4 May). After visiting
the Palace, where they were received
by the King, to whom the Corpora-
tion address was presented, the
Civic party went to the Hotel de
Ville, where they were welcomed
by the Burgomaster and Municipal Council. His Majesty conferred upon his
visitors various grades of the Royal Order of Leopold, the Lord Mayor being
designated a Knight Commander of the Order. — With a view to a more
efficient control over expenditure, the 47th standing order of the Common
Council was amended as follows (7th) : —
No street improvement, public work or entertainment shall be undertaken or extraordinary work
performed, and no grant for any public, charitable or other purpose shall be made, whereby the funds
belonging to or under the control of the Corporation may be given in any manner, charged or affected,
beyond the sum of loo guineas, until the expense or an estimate thereof shall have been first
submitted to the Coal and Corn and Finance Committee and that Committee shall have reported to
the Court.
The boundaries of the parish of St. John the Baptist upon Walbrook were beaten,
and the memorial on the site of the ancient parish church and churchyarci was unveiled
in Cloak Lane (15th). — James Gilbert (a:/z'a.s- Cunningham, and Harry Burton, were
Staircase of House, Botolph Lane, used since 1859 for
Tower and Billingsgate Ward School.
A.U. 1885
Modern History of the City of London.
Z11
sentenced at the Old Bailey to penal servitude for life, in connection with the
dynamite explosions at the Tower of London, the Houses of Parliament and
elsewhere (i8th). — A testimonial subscribed for by citizens of all ranks, in
recognition of the services rendered by the Lord Mayor during his last mayoralty,
Interior of AUhallows-the-Great. — Recently demolished.
was presented at the Mansion House. Nearly a thousand citizens contributed
to the fund. The testimonial consisted of a solid silver centre piece, and a
portrait by Frank HoU, for the Lord Mayor, and a diamond necklace for the
Lady Mayoress (28th). — Rev Edwin Paxton Hood, minister of Falcon Square
Chapel, died in Paris, (12 June).
Mr. Hood was the son of one of Nelson's old sailors who fought on the " Temeraire," and was
born at Westminster in 1820. He was for some years editor of the Eclectic Review and was the author
of many works, including biographies of Swedenborg, Wordsworth, Oliver Cromwell, Carlyle, and Thomas
Binney. His hymns are widely known, especially in Nonconformist Chapels and Sunday Schools.
CCC
378 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1885
The draft scheme of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for effecting the
union of the two benefices of St. Margaret Lothbury with St. Christopher-le-
Stocks and St. Bartholomew Exchange, and St. Olave Jewry with St. Martin
Pomeroy, St. Mildred Poultry and St. Mary Colechurch, was signed at a meeting
of the joint vestries (i 8th).— The ward of Farrlngdon Within presented the
Corporation with a marble bust of their Alderman, Sir Benjamin Phillips.— Prince
Albert Victor of Wales, K.G., was presented with the honorary freedom of the
Fishmongers' Company (24th).— Canon Elwyn, Vicar of East Fairleigh, at one
time Head Master of the Charterhouse School, was elected to the Mastership of the
Charterhouse.— The Prince and Princess of Wales, accompanied by Princess Louise
of Wales, Prince George, and the Duke of Cambridge attended at the Guildhall, on
the occasion of H.R.H. Prince Albert Victor of Wales, their eldest son, taking upon
himself the freedom of the City by patrimony (29th). Addresses of congratulation
were presented to the Prince of Wales, the Princess of Wales and Prince Albert
Victor of Wales; the Prince of Wales briefly replied. A medal to commemorate
the occasion was ordered to be struck (16 July). — The foundation stone was
laid of a block of artizans' dwellings on the site of an old rookery called
Chatham Gardens, Nile Street, Hoxton, the funds having been provided by a
charity known as Bleyton's trust, originally bequeathed in 1585 for the benefit
of the poor of the joint parishes of St. Giles, Cripplegate and St. Luke's.
Bleyton was a Cripplegate butcher. The cost of the buildings, which were to
accommodate 700 people, was estimated at ;^52,ooo (i July). — The Prince of
Wales, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, Prince Albert Victor and Princess
Victoria, opened the new building of the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific
Institution, towards the cost of which the Corporation and several of the City
Companies had generously contributed.
The building, which cost over ^20,000, is situated on a plot of land having frontages to Bream's
Buildings and Rolls Buildings, and provides accommodation for 6,000 students. The large lecture
hall is 66 feet by 50 feet, with circular galleries, and is capable of seating 1,200 persons. In addition
to class rooms, etc., there are thoroughly fitted-up laboratories for practical scientific instruction. The
style of architecture is a modern adaptation of the Elizabethan, Fareham red bricks and Portland
stone being used for both fronts.
The Lord Mayor laid the foundation stone of the new artizans' dwellings
belonging to the City and Central Dwellings Company, Limited, in Seward Street,
Goswell Road (nth). — The honour of a baronetcy was conferred upon the Lord
Mayor (i6th). — In response to a letter from the Prince of Wales as President of
the Royal Windsor Tapestry Works, the Corporation agreed to expend ^1,000 in
the purchase of tapestry of approved design from the works at Windsor, — The
A.D. 1885
Modern History of the City of London.
379
foundation stone of the new building for the Guildhall School of Music on the
Victoria Embankment was laid (21st). — Ex-Sheriff Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart, died
at Ramsgate on the 28th, having nearly reached his one-hundred-and-first year. — A
marble bust of Alderman Sir Robert Walter Garden, Knight, M.P., was ordered to
be executed at a cost of ;^2 5o
and placed in the Guildhall as a
mark of esteem. — At a meetingr
summoned by the Plumbers'
Company at Guildhall, at the
instance of Mr. George Shaw
and presided over by Earl
Fortescue, it was announced
that the Court of the Company
had decided to recommend the
establishment of a system of
registration of plumbers within
the City of London and a
circuit of seven miles thereof;
the register to include master
plumbers and journeymen, and
to be open to the admission of
those who satisfy the Court of
their qualification. Registered
plumbers were to be entitled
to use "R. P." after their
names. These and other
recommendations were aereed
o
to (31st). — The Tower Bridge
Bill was passed on 14 Aug. ;
it empowered the Corporation
to construct within four years a bridge over the Thames, near the Tower of
London, with all the necessary approaches. The Corporation were also em-
powered by the Act to borrow on the credit of the Bridge House Estates
a sum of ^750,000 for the above purpose. — The Lord Mayor opened the new
building for the St. Anne's Society at Red Hill, which had been appropriately
erected in the Queen Anne style at a cost of nearly ^40,000 (14 Aug.).
I'ulpit of Church of xVUhalluvvs the Orcal.
CCC 2
380 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1885
The school was established in the first year of the reign of Queen Anne in a house in Aldersgate
Street, where twelve boys were clothed and educated. The Institution remained practically unchanged
till 1790, when thirteen girls were added. In 1820 thirty girls and thirty boys were clothed and
educated at the school. Buildings were afterwards taken at Streatham, from which place the scholars
(excepting those educated in the City) were now removing to Red Hill, the number of children for whom
accommodation was provided being 400.
Alderman Sir Charles Whetham, Knight, died (4 Sept.).— The new hall
of the Butchers' Company in Bartholomew Close was opened (7th).
The building was designed by Mr. Alex. Peebles and cost about ^12,000. The banqueting hall
is 46 feet by 30 feet and about 18 feet high.
The Special Committee reported to the Common Council on the subject of
London Government, re-affirming as a principle the policy of separate municipalities
(17th) which they afterwards (5 Nov.) recommended should be ten in number,
including the City. — The Corporation voted 200 guineas to the Mansion House
Fund for sufferers from the cholera in Spain. The fund amounted to ^^4,243. —
The system of sixpenny telegrams came into operation (i Oct.). — The Lord
Mayor, who had frequently accepted invitations to preach at Missions and Music
Halls, occupied the City Temple pulpit (4th). — The Common Council ordered
a bust of the late Earl of Shaftesbury to be executed at a cost of 200 guineas.
— The City Solicitor was instructed to appear by Counsel in support of the
petition in favour of the incorporation of West Ham. — Mr. Horace Jones, City
Architect, was appointed architect for the erection and construction of Tower
Bridge ; Mr. John Wolfe Barry, civil engineer, was associated with him in
carrying out the work, the sum of ^30,000 being paid to them jointly, including
the expenses of all superintendents and clerks of works (15th). — At a meeting
at the Mansion House, presided over by the Lord Mayor, it was resolved, on the
motion of Earl Granville, that a fund should be opened for a national memorial to
the late Lord Shaftesbury (i6th). — The Special Committee of the Commissioners
of Sewers presented a report showing that the amount required from the City
by the School Board had gone up from .^5,069, or a rate of yid. in the £ in 1871,
to ^128,983, or a rate equal to 8^a^. in the £ in 1885. The Committee
recommended that London should be divided into districts with a School
Board for each district and that the system of cumulative voting should
be abolished (20th). The report was ultimately adopted by the Commissioners. —
At the London School Board Election (3 Nov.) Mr. Spicer, Miss Davenport
Hill, Alderman Savory and Sir R. Temple, Bart, were returned for the City. —
The new London Almshouses, for the accommodation of decayed freemen and their
widows, or the daughters of freemen householders, were opened at Shepherd Lane,
A.D. 1885
Modern History of the City of London.
381
Brixton. The cost of the buildings was /^i 1,437. — A meeting of the parishioners of
St. Olave Old Jewry was held for the appointment of a divinity lecturer. Ninety-
four clergymen offered themselves as candidates for the lectureship, the value of
which was ^300 per annum, a fund for the purpose having been bequeathed by
Dame Mary Wild in 1622. The Rev. G. Davenport was elected (6 Nov.). —
Alderman John Staples was elected Lord Mayor. — The Streets Committee
reported to the Commissioners of Sewers that they were legally advised that
the Commissioners had no power to construct
subways in the vicinity of the Mansion House.
The Commissioners had contemplated making
subways with the view to diminish the dangers
of the crossing at this spot (17th). — The new
tax of 5 per cent, upon the corporate property
of the City Guilds (after allowing for expenses
of management) was estimated to produce at least
;^ 1 0,000. — Three stone statues, supposed to repre-
sent Charles I and his Queen, and Edward VI,
were removed from the cellars under the Law
Courts, and placed in the Guildhall Museum.
They were executed in stone and originally occupied
three niches in front of Guildhall Chapel, which formerly
stood in Guildhall Yard. Upon the demohtion of the Chapel,
to make room for the Law Courts, in 1822, they were removed
to the stone screen at the east end cf Guildhall where they
remained until 1866, when the present oak screen was erected.
The statues are in a good state of preservation.
On the recommendation of the Markets Com-
mittee, and in response to numerous petitions, the
Common Council resolved to construct upon the
vacant triangular site abutting on Snow Hill, a
market for the sale of fish and other provisions,
I the existing Inland Fish Market reverting to its
originally contemplated purposes of a Fruit and
Vegetable Market (19th). — The Remembrancer
(Mr. Gabriel Goldney) presented the Corporation with his law library. — The first
Parliamentary Election for the City, under the new Re-distribution of Seats Act
took place on 25 Nov. There were four candidates for the two seats. Sir
Robert Fowler (Conservative) headed the poll with 12,827 votes; Mr. Hubbard
Sword Rest, Church of AUhallows-the-Great.
382 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1885-6
(Conservative), who came next, polling 8,802 votes. The numbers recorded for
Mr. Low (Liberal) were 5,817, and for Mr. Alderman Cotton, 5,563.— Extensive
alterations were made in the internal arrangements of the Chapter House, on the
north side of St. Paul's Churchyard, to provide a residence for the Archdeacon of
London (12 Dec). — Arrangements were made by the Commissioners of Sewers with
the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation, to light the area bounded
on the north by Fleet Street, Ludgate Hill, St. Paul's Churchyard and Poultry,
extending east as far as the Royal Exchange and bounded on the south by Queen
Victoria Street and Victoria Embankment. — Sir J. A. Macdonald, G.C.B., D.C.L.,
Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada, was presented with the honorary free-
dom of the Turners' Company (17th). — The Corporation resolved to erect a new
building for the City of London Court, at a cost of ^16,000. — The right of the
Corporation to control the Fellowship Porters of the City of London by Act of
Common Council was upheld by a judgment of the High Court (2 ist). — The last of
the six City Police Stations was built in Cloak Lane.
1886.
T a meeting of the Common Council, on the 21st Jan., 1S86, a letter was
read from the President of the Royal Institute of British Architects
(Mr. Edwin Christian), on the subject of the proposed enlargement
of the area of St. Paul's Churchyard, pointing out that a valuable
opportunity offered not only to open up the eastern end of the
Cathedral but to effect a great improvement in the roadway which skirted it.
This had reference to the site of St. Paul's School which was in course of removal.
The subject was referred to the Commissioners of Sewers, who decided that as the
proposed improvement in St. Paul's Churchyard was rather for the purpose of opening
up a view of the Cathedral, than for any necessities of the traffic at that spot, they were
not called upon to undertake the work (20 Ap.). — Colonel Eraser, C.B., Commis-
sioner of the City Police, was made a Knight Commander of the Bath (4 Feb.). — A
deputation of working men having appealed to the Lord Mayor to open a fund
for the unemployed of the Metropolis, the first meeting of the Committee of the
Fund was held on the loth. The Corporation subscribed 500 guineas (11 Mar.),
and instructed the Epping Forest Committee to expend a sum not exceeding
;^8oo in draining and levelling Wanstead Flats. The distress owing to the lack
of employment was at this time both wide-spread and acute, and the appeal from
the Mansion House to the generosity of the public resulted in a sum of ;^78,629
being collected and distributed amongst the deserving poor. — The Corporation
A.D. 1886
Modern History of the City of London.
383
resolved to co-operate with the Prince of Wales and the Livery Companies in
promoting the forthcoming Colonial and Indian Exhibition, and guaranteed a sum of
^10,000 in furtherance of the object (18 Feb.). At the same time a special Ward
Committee was appointed to make arrangements for the reception of "Our Colonial
Interior of Cock Tavern, Fleet Street.
and Indian Brethren." It was agreed to have a state service at St. Paul's Cathedral,
and a reception and ball at the Guildhall (i r Mar.). — Mr. W. P. Treloar urged the
Commissioners of Sewers to complete the widening of Ludgate Hill without further
delay (22nd). — In the course of a discussion in the Commission of Sewers, on the
water supply of the City, an important statement was made by Dr. Sedgwick
Saunders, the Medical Officer, as to fresh sources of supply (8 Mar.).
He said that for the last twelve years no well had been closed of a greater depth than thirty feet.
These wells had been practically closed by basements and the Underground Railway. A number of wells
known to him had been sunk some hundreds of feet. One near Blackfriars Bridge, 580 feet deep, pro-
duced a most beautiful and unique supply of soft and pure water. At Blackfriars the supply of water was
so enormous, that they had to run away over a million gallons a day. If they sunk wells at 1,500 or
2,ooo feet they would get water as organically pure as, and infinitely better than, the New River supply.
384 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1886
Prince Albert Victor was presented with the freedom and Hvery of the
Goldsmiths' Company (30th). — A meeting was held at Guildhall to protest
against Home Rule for Ireland (2 Ap.). — About this time the site of the Cock
Tavern, in Fleet Street, was acquired by the authorities of the Bank of England,
for the erection of a branch establishment.
The "Cock Tavern" was originally known as the "Cock and Bottle," perhaps meaning that liquors
were to be obtained either on draught or in bottle, the word "cock" signifying the tap of a barrel.
The " Cock " was a celebrated old tavern, which enjoyed the patronage of barristers and journalists,
Tennyson, Dickens and Thackeray being amongst those who frequented it.
Mr. Edward Waller, Master of the Stationers' Company, placed a handsome
stained-glass window in Stationers' Hall, the subject being St. Cecilia, the patron
saint of music, whose festival, then called the Music Feast, was held in this Hall
in 1684 and several subsequent years. — The new Parcels Post rates came
into force (i May). — Prince Albert Victor took up the freedom of the Mercers'
Company to which he was entitled by patrimony. — The Queen opened the
Colonial and Indian Exhibition, at South Kensington, the Corporation and
City Companies being represented. — The Commissioners of Sewers accepted
the tender of the Stock Exchange, of ^36,750, for a freehold building site in Old
Broad Street, having an area of 1,285 superficial feet and a frontage of 42 feet
3 inches. — An arrangement having been come to by the Corporation with regard
to taking over, from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the lands at Highgate
and Kilburn, an Act was passed this session vesting such open spaces in
the Corporation, in mortmain in perpetuity, as public parks or open spaces
for the perpetual use and recreation of the public, adding with regard to
Highgate Wood, that the natural aspect of the Wood was, as far as
possible, to be preserved. The Common Council now ordered that a keeper
should be appointed for Highgate Wood. The Court also voted ^3,500 for the
drainage, laying out, and enclosing of Kilburn Park.— Lord Salisbury's name
was added to the roll of honorary freemen of the Grocers' Company, on the
occasion of the annual Restoration Feast, which the Company continue to
hold, in commemoration of the return of Charles II from exile (29th). The
Churchill " Home," for working women in the City, at the corner of Finsbury
Street, in Chiswell Street, was opened by the Lord Mayor (5 June). The
Glovers' Company having been resuscitated, the first Court since its revival was
held at the Guildhall, Mr. Benjamin Scott (the Chamberlain) presiding (8th).—
The Queen on the 20th entered upon the fiftieth year of her reign, and the 1,500
Colonial and Indian representatives in London attended a service at St. Paul's
A.D. 1886 Modern History of the City of London. 3^5
Cathedral to which the Lord Mayor and Corporation went in State. Handel's
Coronation Anthem was given. — The Prince of Wales, on behalf of the Queen
laid the memorial stone of the Tower Bridge (21st).
His Royal Highness was received at the Tower by Field-Marshal Sir Richard Dacres (Constable
of the Tower), and other ofificers, who conducted the Royal party to a pavilion, where the Lord Mayor,
the Sheriffs, the Bridge House Estates Committee, and the high officers of the Corporation were waiting
to greet them. The Recorder read an address relating briefly the story of the Bridge House Estates,
and the steps which led up to the decision of the Corporation to construct a new bridge at a cost of
;^75o,ooo. The Prince briefly replied, and the stone having been laid, the Tower guns fired a salute.
The Chairman of the Bridge House Estates Committee presented to the Princess of Wales an emblem
of the Bridge House Estates set in diamonds, as a souvenir of the occasion.
The new Corporation Art Gallery was opened by the Lord Mayor. The
exhibition included a selection of the City's works of art (oil paintings, sculpture,
engravings and miniatures) ; and it has since been greatly enriched by gifts and
bequests. The Corporation were indebted for the gift of nearly half their oil
paintings to Alderman Boydell, the celebrated engraver. Lord Mayor in 1790
(24th). — Our Colonial and Indian visitors were entertained at a grand reception
and ball in the Guildhall (25th). A medal was struck to commemorate the occasion.
— The Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, laid the foundation
stone of the People's Palace, in the Mile End Road, to which the Corporation and
some of the Livery Companies had liberally subscribed (28th).
The idea had its root in the Beaumont Trust scheme of 1841, Mr. J. T. Barber Beaumont having
bequeathed a sum of ;^i 2,500 to provide for the intellectual improvement and rational recreation and
amusement of the inhabitants of East London. Mr. Walter Besant had shown w-hat might be done to
elevate and brighten the lives of East Londoners, and Sir Edmund H. Currie, Chairman of the
Beaumont Trustees, set industriously to work to carry out the idea. Something like ;^i 00,000 was
needed. The Drapers' Company gave ^20,000 for technical schools, and up to the present time they
have generously expended upon this work not much less than ^100,000. Amongst other companies
who contributed were the Clothworkers, ;^i,ooo; the Carpenters and Grocers, ;z^5oo each; the
Skinners, ^300; the Mercers, 250 guineas; the Fishmongers, 200 guineas; and the Merchant Taylors,
100 guineas.
Mr. Deputy Fry, for thirty-three years an active member of the Corporation,
died on the 30th. — Shed works at Deptford Market were ordered to be carried
out at an expense of ^42,000. — L having been ascertained, by circular, that a
very large majority of the citizens appealed to were in favour of the ballot, the
Common Council ordered that it should be adopted instead of open voting at
municipal elections. — M. Leon Say and a number of distinguished journalists were
entertained at the Mansion House (2 July). — The freedom of the Fishmongers'
Company was presented to Sir Charles Tupper (9th). — The Corporation voted
DDD
386 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1886
^5,000 for furniture, etc., for the Guildhall School of Music (15th). — The
Commissioners of Sewers decided to widen Lime Street at its south-east corner
(20th). — Samuel Morley died at 34, Grosvenor Street (5 Sept.).
He was born at Hackney in 1809, being the youngest son of Mr. John Morley, of ^^'ells Street.
The house in Wood Street was founded by Samuel's father, but it was owing especially to the energy of
the son that it attained to eminence. Samuel Morley sat in Parliament as a Liberal for a number of
years, but his chief work was of a religious and social character. He was an ardent nonconformist, and
gave ;£6,ooo towards the erection of the Memorial Hall, in Farringdon Street.
It was announced that Her Majesty intended to confer the honour of knight-
hood upon Mr. Horace Jones, City Architect (i6th). — A preliminary meeting was
held at the Mansion House (the Lord Mayor presiding), to consider the Prince of
Wales's proposal for an Imperial Institute as a memorial by her subjects of Her
Majesty's Jubilee (24th). It was decided to open a fund for the purpose. — The
Corporation resolved to amend the rules of the Fellowship Porters of the City of
London (30th). — The Lord Mayor dedicated Gravel Pit Wood, Highgate, which
had been taken over by the Corporation, to the public use and enjoyment for ever
(30 Oct.). An attempt had been made to secure the remainder of Highgate
Woods, but without success. Gravel Pit Wood, which is situated on the north
side of Muswell Hill Road, contains 69a. ir. I3p. — A meeting was held at the
Mansion House in furtherance of the Beaumont Trust scheme for the establishment
of a People's Palace for East London, the Lord Mayor presiding. Sir E. H. Currie
announced that ^77,000 had been already secured. — Sir Reginald Hanson, Kt,
was elected Lord Mayor.
Col. Sir James Fraser, Commissioner of the City Police, issued a notice (2 Nov.) proclaiming the
Socialist procession announced for Lord Mayor's Day, and notifying that no other procession but that
of the Lord Mayor's would be allowed on that day within the City precincts. Although considerable
excitement prevailed, owing to the Socialists' threats, everything went off quietly on the 9th, extraordinary
precautions having been taken by the police. The Lord Mayor's procession passed through the streets
unmolested, but the number of spectators was smaller than usual.
It was announced that Her Majesty had conferred upon the retiring Lord
Mayor the dignity of K.C.M.G. — A deputation representing the Metropolitan Board
of Works and the Corporation, waited upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer to
ask the Government to support the renewal of the coal and wine dues (i8th).
Lord Randolph Churchill said the Government had decided not to do so, and
supported their decision in an argumentative speech of considerable length. In
reply to a question, the City Chamberlain said that the dues last year produced
^450,000 net, which was equivalent to a sum of fourpence in the £ on the
rateable value of London. — The Corporation resolved to commemorate the
Jubilee of Her Majesty's Reign, the arrangements being entrusted to a
A.u. 1886 Modern History of the City of London. c,''^7
Committee of the whole Court. — The churches of St. Bride, Fleet Street, and
St. Mary Woolnoth were re-opened, after undergoing restoration, and in the
latter case the sealing of the vaults (21st). — Staple Inn, Holborn, one of
the remnants of Old London, was sold at auction by the Antients of the
Inn to the Prudential Assurance Company, for ^68,000 (26th). — The ancient
and historical church of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield, was re-opened,
after having undergone restoration.
The factory building, which used to cover all the apsidal end of the church, was bought by
subscription, and the intruding part cleared away. The Norman triforium was continued so as to
complete the apse, the lower portion of which was rebuilt in 1866. The alterations were carried out
under the direction of Mr. Ashton Webb, architect. In pulling down the end wall numerous very
interesting remains of the ancient work were found embedded in it.
Alfred James Waterlow, C.C., senior partner in the firm of Waterlow Brothers
and Lay ton, died, aged seventy-one (30th). — A great fire broke out on the premises
of a wholesale paper dealer, Knightrider Street, Doctors' Commons, and resulted in
the complete destruction of the church of St. Mary Magdalen, one of the plainest
of Wren's structures, but solidly built. Damage was done to the extent of upwards
of ^100,000 (2 Dec). — A meeting was held at the Mansion House to inaugurate
the building of a Church House, as the Church of England Memorial of the Queen's
Jubilee (8th). (The opening of the building took place in Feb., 1896). — The
new building for the Guildhall School of Music was opened by the Lord Mayor,
on the Victoria Embankment (9th).
The ceremony took place in the large hall of the City of London School close by, which was
connected with the new building by a temporarily covered way. The building, which is in the Italian
Renaissance style, occupies 8,000 square feet, and has three frontages to new roads. It consists of four
floors and 42 class rooms ; on the second floor is the Orchestral Practice room, 70 feet by 28 feet.
The elevations are of Portland stone. The building, which was erected from the designs of Sir Horace
Jones, cost about ^26,000. Hitherto the school had occupied a large warehouse, belonging to the
Corporation, in Aldermanbury. The Institution, however, had grown rapidly ; and there are now
(1896) about 3,500 scholars taught by 100 professors.
Extensive alterations were completed at Innholders' Hall (loth). — The
foundation stone of the new Central Fish Market was laid (13th). — The new
building for Sion College was opened by the Prince of Wales, on the Victoria
Embankment (i6th).
An address was presented to His Royal Highness by the President of the College (the Rev.
Prebendary Whittington, M.A.), who pointed out that the clergy of the City of London, with its
suburbs, were incorporated under the style and title of the President and Fellows of Sion College,
and that this College was established by Dr. Thomas White, Rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, in the
year 1630 for "the maintenance of truth in doctrine, love in conversing together, and for the repression
of such sins as do follow us men." With a view to combine " sound learning " there had been added
to the foundation a library which contained nearly 80,000 books. The building is of red brick in
DDD 2
:l 11=^1 ni
A.D. 1886-7 Modern History of the City of London.
389
the Gothic style. On the ground floor is the large hall, wainscoted with fine old oak panelling from
the former College, and at the top is a splendid library with galleries and bays, 96 feet by 45 feet.
The freehold site cost ^32,000, and the building about _;£25,ooo.
The Lord Mayor unveiled the replica
of the Queen Anne Statue, ordered by
the Corporation, in front of St. Paul's
Cathedral. The original statue, which had
fallen into a very dilapidated condition,
was erected in 1 7 1 2 to commemorate the
completion of the Cathedral (20th). — Field-
Marshal Lord Napier of Magdala was
appointed Constable of the Tower in the
place of Sir R. J. Dacres (21st).
Careful drawings of the old Court of Exchequer
and other buildings surrounding the Guildhall, re-
moved to clear the site of the new Council
Chamber, were prepared. These formed the basis
of a handsome volume entitled " A descriptive
account of the Guildhall, its history and associations,
by John Edward Price, F.S.A.," which was issued
under the direction of the Library Committee. —
Mansion House Funds were raised during the year
for sufferers from earthquakes in Charleston and in
Greece, ;£^7,3o8; for sufferers from the hurricane in
St. Vincent, ;£i,3S9 ; and for the defence of property
in Ireland, _;/^2i,422.
1887.
N OTHER great fire broke out in W'ood Street, nearly opposite the
church of St. Alban, and destroyed a number of warehouses, the
damage being estimated at ^240,000 (i Jan., 1887). — Mr. Henry
Morton Stanley was presented, at the Guildhall, with the freedom
of the City, in appreciation of his many services to the cause of
science and humanity, and of his successful endeavours to discover and relieve
Dr. Livingstone, the uncertainty of whose fate had caused deep anxiety. Mr. Stanley
was about to set out through "Darkest Africa " in search of Emin Pasha, the
lieutenant of General Gordon (13th). — The Court of Common Council expressed
itself deeply moved by the sudden death of the Earl of Iddesleigh, and ordered a
marble bust of the genial Conservative statesman to be executed for the Guildhall
390 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1887
(20th). — The Lord Mayor received at the Mansion House an influential deputation
from the Irish Defence Union in aid of persons suffering from illegal coercion in
Ireland. The Duke of Abercorn introduced the deputation and appealed to the
public for help. The Lord Mayor said this was not a party question and he should
be glad to recommend their cause to the citizens of London, and the whole English
people irrespective of creed and party (8 Feb.). — Mr. Lewis H. Isaacs, M.P. for
Walworth, introduced a Bill, backed by eight other Metropolitan members, for
the better Government of London. The Bill provided for twelve distinct
Municipalities (9th). — On the occasion of the Queen's Jubilee the Common
Council resolved to present a loyal and dutiful address to Her Majesty, and to
contribute ^5,000 towards the Imperial Institute (14th). — The London Coal and
Wine Duties Continuance Bill was introduced into the House of Commons, but
was ultimately rejected. — A number of Socialists attended afternoon service at
St. Paul's Cathedral, having previously given notice of their intention. Beyond
occasional interruptions during the sermon, preached by Archdeacon Gifford, there
was no disturbance (27th). — The tithe question gave rise about this time to
considerable agitation in the parish of St. Botolph Without Aldgate (Mar.). — The
Select Committee of the House of Commons, appointed at the instance of Mr.
Howell, to enquire into the alleged malversation of funds by the Corporation, held
its first sitting in a Committee room of the House of Commons (19th). Their
report was issued on 21 May. — The year 1889 being the 700th anniversary of
the institution of the mayoralty, it was referred to the Library Committee, on
the motion of Mr. George Shaw, to examine such records of the Corporation
as bore upon the history of London from the earliest times, with a view to the
preparation of a work showing the pre-eminent position occupied by the City of
London, and the important function it exercised in the shaping and making of
England. The distinctive feature of the work was to be a record of the lives
and deeds of those who had filled the highest civic office (24 Mar.). — The death was
announced of Mr. Woodthorpe Brandon, assistant judge of the Mayor's Court. —
The Corporation granted 1,000 guineas in aid of the funds of the City and Guilds
of London Technical Institute, and ^500 to the fund for Guy's Hospital (21 Ap.).^ —
In order further to commemorate the Jubilee of the Queen's reign, it was resolved
to hold a Reception and Ball in the Guildhall, at an expense not exceeding
.;^6,ooo. A Jubilee Medal was also ordered to be struck, entertainments to be
provided for the children of the Freemen's Orphan School, and for the inmates
of the London Almshouses and the City of London Union (4 May). — The
Committee of Lloyd's presented to the Corporation a gun recently salved from
A.D. 1887 Modern History of the City of London. 391
H.M.S. " Lutine," wrecked off the coast of Holland in the year 1799 (5th). —
The Lord Mayor and Corporation attended Her Majesty The Queen, at
Buckingham Palace, and presented the Corporation's address rejoicing at the
forthcoming completion of the fiftieth year of Her Majesty's beneficent and
enlightened reign (9th). — The Queen opened in person the Queen's Hall (the
great Central Hall, which was the only part of the building then completed) of
the People's Palace, Mile End Road (14th).
Her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg, drove in an
open carriage from Paddington to Mile End, being throughout received with great enthusiasm by vast
crowds of people. The main streets of the City through which Her Majesty had to pass were gaily
decorated. In accordance with ancient custom, the Queen was received at the City boundary by the
Lord Mayor, who preceded Her Majesty over the Viaduct, and along Newgate Street and Cheapside, to
the Eastern boundary of the City, at Aldgate. Here the civic carriages drew aside, the mace being
reversed and the sword lowered as the Queen passed. Her Majesty amidst great enthusiasm declared the
Hall open. Before proceeding to lay the foundation stone of the Technical and Handicraft Schools,
for which the Drapers' Company had subscribed ^^20,000, Her Majesty conferred the honour of
Knighthood upon Mr. John Rogers Jennings, Master of the Company. — An intimation having been
conveyed to the Lord Mayor that the Queen would be pleased to break the return journ'ey at the
Mansion House, the most elaborate preparations were made for Her Majesty's reception. The Mansion
House itself was gaily adorned on the outside with flags and trophies, while the balconies were draped
with crimson cloth, and the pillars hung with wreaths of primroses and violets. Inside was a picture of
floral beauty, everywhere being stately palms, flowering plants, roses, orchids, and other sweet-scented
flowers, the Egyptian Hall being decorated with flags and banners. Royal, Civic, and personal. The Royal
party included Princesses Helena and Beatrice, the Princess of Wales and her Daughters, the Princesses
Louise and Victoria, the Duke of Cambridge, Prince Christian, Prince Henry of Battenberg, the Duchess
of Teck, the Crown Prince of Denmark, and lastly the Prince of Wales. A service of solid gold was
provided specially for the Queen, who expressed great satisfaction with the proceedings of the day. Her
Majesty also, before leaving, shook hands with the veteran Alderman, Sir Robert Carden, and said, " I
am pleased. Sir Robert, to see you looking so well." The 4th Battalion Royal P'usiliers furnished a
guard of honour at the Mansion House. It was announced on the i8th that Her Majesty had conferred
a baronetcy upon the Lord Mayor, and that the Sheriffs were to be knighted.
Sir Horace Jones, City Architect, died on the 21st May.
He was born in Sise Lane, Bucklersbury, 20 May, 18 19, and during the twenty-three years he
had held office under the Corporation a large number of important works had been carried out.
He did not live to see the completion of his latest design, that of Tower Bridge.
It was announced that Her Majesty had conferred a baronetcy upon
Sir Robert Walter Carden, Knight, the senior Alderman and Father of
the City (9 June). — The Select Committee of the House of Commons on
the London City Tithes (St. Botolph Without Aldgate) Bill decided that
it should not be proceeded with (15th). — At the Jubilee service, held in West-
minster Abbey, the City deputation included the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress,
the Sheriffs, and nearly one hundred Aldermen and members of the Common
Council, who proceeded to the Abbey in state.
392 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1887
In the evening the City was brilliantly illuminated. The Drapers' Company treated 20,000
children to a day's holiday at the People's Palace, and 4,000 adults were afterwards entertained in a
similar manner. Most of the other City Companies did something to commemorate the Jubilee
of Her Majesty's reign, which was celebrated in all parts of the world. A special thanksgiving
service was held at St. Paul's Cathedral on the 23rd and was attended in state by the Corporation,
the Livery Companies, and the Court of Lieutenancy. Several Indian princes and other Jubilee
guests were entertained to dinner at Fishmongers' Hall (24th).
The Jubilee Ball, at the Guildhall, was the civic event of the year
(28th). Several crowned heads and many representatives of the Royal families
of Europe, including nearly every member of our own Royal House, honoured
the City with their company.
The Guildhall was magnificently upholstered and decorated, and fragrant with sweet scented
flowers with a background of palms and ferns. A bridge had been specially constructed over the
library staircase and a communication made into the old Bankruptcy Court or Annexe, where a
splendid suite of apartments had been extemporised for the use of the guests. A dais was erected at
the northern side of the Hall, and behind this all the apartments were reserved for royalty. The
old Council Chamber and the Aldermen's Court Room were converted into royal supper rooms.
After two quadrilles had been danced, the Royal guests, with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress,
proceeded thither in the following order : —
The Lord Mayor H.M. the Queen of the Belgians.
H.M. the King of Denmark. The Lady Mayoress.
H.M. the King of the Hellenes. H.R.H. the Princess of Wales.
H.M. the King of the Belgians. H.I. & R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany.
H.M. the King of Saxony. H.R.H. the Crown Princess of Portugal.
H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. H.M. the Queen of Hawaii.
H.R H. the Crown Prince of Portugal. H.R.H. the Infanta Eulalia of Spain.
H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. H.I.H. the Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia.
H.R.H. the Crown Prince of Sweden. H.R.H. the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-
Strelitz.
H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse. H.R.H. the Princess William of Prussia.
H.I.H. the Grand Duke Serge. H.R.H. the Duchess of Edinburgh.
H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh. H.R.H. the Duchess of Connaught.
H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught. H.R.H. the Princess of Saxe-Meiningen.
H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge. H.R.H. the Hereditary Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
H.R.H. Prince William of Prussia. H.R.H. the Princess Christian of Schleswig-
Holstein.
H.R.H. the Duke of Sparta. H.R.H. the Princess Beatrice.
H.R.H. Prince Louis of Bavaria. H.R.H. the Duchess of Teck.
H.R.H. the Infante Antonio d'Orleans. H.R.H. the Princess Philip of Saxe-Coburg and
Gotha.
The Common Council resolved that the stones and other portions of old
Temple Bar should be given to Sir Henry Bruce Meux, Bart., upon the under-
standing that the Bar was to be re-erected at the entrance to Theobalds Park,
Cheshunt, at the cost of Sir Henry (23rd).— The Lord Mayor opened the new
A.D. 1887
Modern History of the City of London.
393
thoroughfare from Monument Yard to the Coal Exchange, In Lower Thames
Street, made by the Commissioners of Sewers, with the object of relieving
the congestion of traffic at Billingsgate (6 July). — The Honourable Artillery
Company celebrated
the 350th anniversary
of Its Incorporation by
a regimental parade
and banquet, at' their
headquarters, FInsbury
(nth).
A deputation attended
from the Ancient and Honour-
able Artillery Company of
Boston, U.S.A. This corps
is itself nearly 250 years old,
and was founded by Robert
Keane, a member of the
Honourable Artillery Com-
pany of London, who left the
old country for conscience'
sake.
The Common Coun-
cil agreed to a design for
the erection of a new
City of London Court,
at a cost of ^16,000,
includlno- fitting-s. —
The foundation stone
of Bancroft's School, at
Woodford, which was
to be erected at a cost
of ^^50,000 by the
Drapers' Company, who
also gave the site, was laid by Prince Albert Victor. The school was Intended
to board, clothe and educate 100 boys, one-half of whom were to be selected
by public examination from the elementary schools of London. This was
the first experiment of the kind (i6th). — Mr. T. C. Baring was returned
unopposed as a representative of the City In Parliament, in succession to the
Hon. J. G. Hubbard, who had been raised to the peerage (20th). — The members
of the Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations met In
View of the Monument, and the Roadway of Old London Bridge, 1809.
From an Old Prinl, presei ved in the Gnitdhatt Library.
EEE
394
Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1887
conference at Guildhall (25th). — A memorial medallion portrait of Charles Reade,
the novelist, was unveiled in the Crypt of St. Paul's (2 Aug.). — A range of new
buildings, known as St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, were opened by Messrs.
Sampson Low & Co.
(23rd). — The Common
Council decided to ap-
point a City Surveyor,
at a salary of ^800 per
annum, instead of an
Architect, in place of
the late Sir Horace
Jones (20 Sept.). This
resolution, however,
was rescinded, and it
was resolved (3 Nov.)
to appoint an Architect
and Surveyor at a salary
of /i,500 per annum.
Mr. Alexander Marshall
Peebles was elected to
the office (15 Dec).
— The Lord Mayor
opened Kilburn Park,
which had been taken
over from the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners,
and laid out by the
Corporation at an ex-
pense of about ;^3,ooo
(5 Nov.). — Lord Mayor
Polydore De Keyser
arranged for an in-
teresting procession on 9 Nov., but the effect was marred by the weather. At the
Guildhall Banquet in the evening. Lord Salisbury announced that Ayoob Khan, the
pretender to the throne of Afghanistan, had surrendered himself to the Indian
Government. — The Lord Mayor received at the Mansion House the Burgomasters
of Brussels, Liege, and Termonde (his native town), who presented him with
Old House, Bartholomew Close — deatroyed i8
A.D. 1887-8 Modern History of the City of London. 395
addresses of congratulation (loth). — Alderman Sir William McArthur, K.C.M.G.,
died suddenly on the Underground Railway (i6th). — The Lord Chancellor laid
the foundation stone of the new building for the City of London Court (23rd).
— A special Committee was appointed by the Common Council to inquire fully
into the finances of the Corporation, with a view to extending its usefulness
(8 Dec). — During the year (1887) Mr. John Morley delivered an address at the
Mansion House, on the Study of Literature, in connection with the London
Society for the extension of University Teaching. — The Lord Mayor gave a
banquet to the International Congress which met to celebrate the Tercentenary of
Shorthand. — The City of London Ballot Act, promoted by the Corporation, was
passed. — By orders of the Local Government Board, 7 June and 26 July, 1887,
the Port of London Sanitary Authority was made the registration authority under
the Canal Boats' Act, 1877, in respect of the Grand Surrey Canal, the Regent's
Canal, and the Thames River.- — Mansion House funds were raised in connection
with the fire at Exeter, ^1,621 ; and the cholera at Malta, ^149.
'HE Times newspaper completed its looth year of publication under
that title (i Jan., 1888). — The honour of knighthood was conferred
upon Mr. Owen Roberts, M.A., F.S.A., clerk of the Clothworkers'
Company, in order to mark Her Majesty's sense of the important
public services he had rendered in connection with technical
education (7th). — A letter was read to the Court of Aldermen addressed to the
Chamberlain by the clerk of the Stationers' Company, repeating a suggestion,
made by the Company in 1858, with regard to apprenticeship. It expressed the hope
that the Aldermen would take the necessary steps to revive, within the City, the
ancient and honourable custom of apprenticeship, by revising the terms of the
indentures so as to make them more in accord with the custom of printers in the
City. It was pointed out that the indentures had long become obsolete owing to
the discontinuance of the practice of taking indoor apprentices. The proposal was
favourably commented upon and referred to a committee for consideration. —
Alderman Sir John Staples, K.C.M.G., died (19th).
Mr. John Staples entered the Common Council in 1865. He was the author of " Notes on the
Church of St. Botolph, Aldersgate," and took much interest in antiquarian subjects, and in the welfare
of the Guildhall Library.
The Rev. H. C. Shuttleworth headed a deputation to the Common Council in
support of a petition of the National Sunday League praying that the Guildhall
EEE 2
396 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1888
Library and Museum, and the Art Gallery might be opened on some part of Sundays.
A proposal to refer the subject to committee was rejected by 54 votes to 50 (19th).
— Sir Robert Walter Garden, Bart., Senior Alderman, died at 64, Wimpole Street.
Robert Walter Cardan was born 7 Oct., 1801, his mother being a daughter of Mr. John Walter,
founder of the Times. He obtained a commission in the 82nd P'oot in 1816, and remained in that
regiment until 1822, when he was admitted a member of the Stock Exchange. He died "father of
the House'' after 65 years of membership. He entered the Corporation as Alderman of Dowgate
Ward, in 1849, and was afterwards transferred to Bridge Without. Sir Robert was a thorough-going
Tory, and an excellent magistrate. He interested himself greatly in the work of Ragged Schools, and
his generosity and geniality made him a universal favourite.
A reredos of marble, in many varieties and colours, was erected in St. Paul's
Cathedral at a cost of some ^25,000.
Messrs. Bodley and Garner were the architects, and the latter the designer of this further effort to
complete St. Paul's according to the intentions of Sir Christopher Wren. In one compartment was a
representation of the crucifixion in bas relief, and above this was a statue of the Virgin and Child. The
reredos, which was publicly dedicated on the 2Sth, gave great offence to the Evangelical party in the church,
who petitioned the Privy Council against it. Four persons at once commenced proceedings with
a view to having the erection declared illegal, on the ground that "such sculptures tended to encourage
superstitious ideas and devotions, and were unlawful," according to the Public Worship Regulation
Act. The Bishop of London refused to allow the case to proceed, but the High Court of Justice
decided that the Bishop had no absolute discretion to stop the case, and ordered him to withdraw
his veto (i June, 1889). After further litigation, on 17 June, 1890, a rule nisi for a mandamus was
granted by the Queen's Bench.
The Lord Mayor visited Brussels and was the guest of the King and Queen
of the Belgians at a Gourt dinner given in his honour at the Palace (7 Feb.). — The
Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, M.P., D.C.L., was presented with the freedom of the
Fishmongers' Gompany. — The Special Gommittee presented a report to the
Gommon Gouncil on London Government, and recommended for adoption the
principle of nine separate Municipalities as affording the best guarantee for the good
government of the Metropolis, and the municipal welfare of its inhabitants. The
report was agreed to (9th). — The Corporation also subscribed 200 guineas towards
the fund for securing the holding of the centenary meetings of the Royal Agricultural
Society, at Windsor in 1889 (i6th). The Mansion House Fund for this object
reached a total of /5,9i9. — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion
House Fund to meet the expenses of the British section of the Paris Universal
Exhibition, 1889, and at the same time gave a guarantee of ^1,000. — A memorial
to the late Sir Bartle Frere was dedicated in the Crypt of St. Paul's (3 Mar.). —
The Lord Mayor announced to the Common Gouncil the death of the Emperor of
Germany, and a resolution of condolence with the Imperial family was passed
(9th). — The Lord Mayor and a deputation from the Corporation attended the
A.D. 1888
Modern History of the City of London.
\91
Prince and Princess of Wales, at Marlborough House (in accordance with a
resolution of 15 Dec, 1887), to present the City's congratulations on the
occasion of their silver wedding, and presented the Princess with a silver model of
the Imperial Institute (loth). — The Corporation resolved to appear by counsel, if
The last private garden in the City — No. 4, Crosby Square.
necessary, against the London City Tithes (St. Botolph Without Aldgate) Bill,
for the purpose of obtaining some reduction in the terms of the Act of i88i
(15th). — By the demolition of the house, 21, Austin Friars, an interesting relic of
Old London passed away.
This was one of the last of the old mercantile residences of the City, and stood on what was formerly
part of the garden of the Priory of the St. Augustine monks. The house in question was probably built
between the years 1660 and 1670, and appears on the Map of London prepared by John Ogilby and
William Morgan who were appointed to make a survey of the City after the Great Fire. It was a large
and substantial building, lined throughout with solid wainscoting, its apartments roomy, and its
staircases broad and carved with curious antique designs. The garden and all the original offices
were preserved, and the counting-house, the yard, the coach-house and stables, the bakehouse, even
the old well and pump, remained as they were at the time when the house was built.
Mr. Ritchie, President of the Local Government Board, introduced the Local
Government Bill in the House of Commons, a Bill which created the London
County Council and deprived the City of some of its privileges (19th). — The
398 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1888
Common Council decided to construct chill rooms at the Foreign Cattle Market,
Deptford, at a cost of ^13,000. — Mr. John Stoneham, a member of the Common
Council, who started the discount book trade in the City, at his shop in Cheapside,
died (8 Ap.). — The Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund for
the relief of sufferers from the inundations at Posen, in Germany. The fund reached
a total of ^5,766. — The Marquis of Hartington was presented with the freedom of
the City as a mark of the Corporation's high appreciation of the wise and patriotic
spirit evinced by his Lordship during his parliamentary career, and especially in
connection with the events of recent times affecting the welfare of the United
Kingdom (i8th). — The Local Government Bill was read a second time in
the House of Commons without a division (20th). — A portion of old London
Wall was laid bare by the removal of the Bull and Mouth Hotel and the
French Protestant Church, which were taken down to make room for the new
buildings for the General Post Office.
The length of wall exposed to view was about loo feet, the lower portion of it being composed of
stones and bricks laid in alternate strata after the manner of the Romans. It was arranged that, as far
as possible, the wall should remain undisturbed by the new building.
Mr. Firth, in the House of Commons, moved :
" That in the opinion of this House it is necessary, without delay, to place the expenditure of the
Corporation of London under similar statutory restrictions to those to which other Corporations in the
Kingdom are subject."
The resolution was rejected by 156 votes to 133 (8 May). — An order was issued
to the City of London Volunteers stating that the country was in danger and that
all leave of absence was cancelled until further notice (nth). — Representatives of
the Burgomasters and other members of the Civic Corporations of Belgium
accepted the invitation of the Lord Mayor to visit London for a few days, and
were entertained at the Mansion House. — Dr. Stainer, organist of St. Paul's
Cathedral, was Knighted (2 June). — The Corporation voted 200 guineas towards
the expenses of the Irish Exhibition (7th). — A meeting in support of a scheme
to establish a Polytechnic in South London was held at the Mansion House
(8th). Amongst those who supported the Lord Mayor were the Marquis of
Salisbury and the Earl of Rosebery. — It was announced that the Prince of Wales
had sent a command to the Hon. Artillery Company to place itself at once under
the Volunteer or Mutiny Acts (13th).
The trouble which gave rise to this order began soon after the change in the appointment of
Lieutenant-Colonel of the Company. Almost autocratic power gradually fell into the hands of the
Adjutant, which occasioned much ill-feeling, only increased by the references to insubordination which
appeared in a short history of the Company, written by Captain Woolmer Williams. Resolution^
A.D. 1888 Modern History of the City of London. 399
were passed in accordance with the " proposal " of the Prince of Wales, and the Secretary of State for
War promised, in the House of Commons, that an enquiry should be made into the charge of
insubordination.
A tablet to the memory of the War Correspondents, who were killed during
the Soudan Campaign, was unveiled in St. Paul's Cathedral (i6th). — The Common
Council passed a resolution expressing deep regret at the intelligence of the death
of the Emperor of Germany, son-in-law of Her Majesty the Queen (21st). — The
Commissioners of Sewers instructed the Remembrancer to oppose the Technical
Instruction Bill, then before Parliament, it being stated that under the Bill the
School Board would be entitled to levy an additional rate of one penny in the
pound for technical education (26th). — Mr. W. H. Overall, F.S.A., Librarian
of the Guildhall Library, died on the 28th.
He was born in 1829, and entered the service of the Corporation in 1847 as an assistant in the
Town Clerk's Office. He had been connected with the Library since 1857.
The Duchess of Albany laid the foundation stone of the new schools for the
parish of St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield, on some vacant land, south of the
buildings which up to the time of Henry VIII formed the Lady Chapel of the
Priory Church (5 July). — The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress gave a banquet to
celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Her Majesty's Coronation. — On the i8th the
Library Committee appointed Mr. Charles Welch to the office of City Librarian. —
The freedom of the Grocers' Company was presented to Mr. A. J. Balfour, M.P.,
and Sir Frederick Leighton (25th). — In connection with afire in La Belle Sauvage
Yard, Mr. Langham, City Coroner, held the first fire inquest under the Act, recently
passed, for holding inquests on all fires occurring within the City. The Coroner
pointed out that this was really the revival of an old custom (26th). — The
Corporation voted 100 guineas to the Mansion House Fund for the sufferers from
floods at Poplar and the Isle of Dogs (2 Aug.). The total sum raised was ^4,547.
— Lord Salisbury, speaking at the Ministerial banquet at the Mansion House (8th),
complimented Mr. Ritchie on having carried the Local Government Bill through
the House of Commons, and remarked :
" I may be allowed, though I touch on delicate subjects, to say that not the least among the
pleasures which his success has given me is the feeling that if this settlement is final, as I believe it will
be, we have solved the problem, the difficult problem, of the Government of this Metropolis without
any substantial injury to the long descended and valuable privileges which you, my Lord, and the
Corporation which you so worthily rule over, have so long exercised and enjoyed. On the contrary, I
venture to prophesy that under the new state of things the Lord Mayor and the Corporation of London
will be, if it is possible, even a greater factor in our political affairs, a more splendid figure in the eyes
of all foreign nations, than they have been up to this time."
In the House of Commons the Lords' amendments to the Local Government
Bill were considered (loth).
400 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1888
An amendment which proposed to retain the appointment of the Recorder in the hands of the
Corporation of the City of London, with a proviso that after the next vacancy no Recorder should
exercise any judicial functions unless appointed by Her Majesty to exercise such functions, was agreed
to in the Commons by a majority of 33. The Connnon Serjeant and the Judge of the City of London
Court, who were formerly appointed by the Common Council, are, under the Local Government Act,
1888, appointed by the Crown, but their salaries are fixed and paid by the Corporation. Under the
same' Act the citizens were deprived of the right of electing a Sheriff of Middlesex, which had been
granted by Charter of Henry I. A number of minor changes affecting the City were also made by
the Local Government i^ct.
The Mansion House Conference on the unemployed reported that rehef
works were an injury to the community and calculated to intensify rather than
remedy the evil (9th).
Of the 456 men to whom work was offered 14 per cent, put in no appearance, 30 per cent, were
dismissed for incapacity or misconduct, 4 per cent, left for better employment, 6 per cent, emigrated,
12 per cent, were effectually assisted in various ways, and 36 per cent, the Committee were unable to
raise from their low social status.
Mr. Edward Stanhope, Secretary for War, wrote to the Lord Mayor with
reference to the willingness of the Corporation to grant a site for military purposes
on Coulsdon Common, and expressing the thanks of the Government for the
patriotic consideration the Corporation had given to the matter (loth). — The Lord
Mayor, accompanied by the Sheriffs, made a state visit to his native town,
Termonde or Dendermonde, in Belgium (26th). The house where the Lord
Mayor was born bears a commemorative tablet which tells how its former occupant
became Chief Magistrate of the City of London. — The Common Council adopted
a report of the City of London School Committee in favor of greater attention
being given to the teaching of modern languages (20 Sept.).
Dr. Abbott (the headmaster) expressed the opinion that the teaching of German should be made
compulsory, and that French should be taught by the class masters as well as by the French master.
A proposal to establish two distinct branches of education, i. a Classical School. 2. a Commercial
School, was rejected.
Mr. Alderman and Sheriff Gray opened St. Dunstan's College, the funds of
which were derived from the charities of St. Dunstan's-in-the-East (21st). —
Alderman James Whitehead was elected Lord Mayor. — About this time a number
of horrible murders were committed, the victiins being women of the " unfortunate"
class ; no trace whatever could be found of the perpetrator of these atrocities,
who was known by the name of Jack-the-Ripper.
Most of the murders and mutilations took place in the East of London, but in the early morning
of the 30th the body of Kate Conway was found within the City precincts, in Mitre Square, and about
the same hour the body of another woman, named Stride, was discovered in Bradford Street. The
Lord Mayor at once offered a reward of ^500 for the discovery and conviction of the Mitre Square
murderer or murderers, an action which was approved by the Common Council (4 Oct.). All attempts
to find the assassin were however ineffectual, and the crimes remained a mystery.
A.D. 1888-9 Modern History of the City of London. 401
The new technical schools, provided by the Drapers' Company, at the People's
Palace, at a cost of ^20,000, were opened by the Master of the Company (5 Oct.) —
It was announced that the Goldsmiths' Company intended to erect and endow an
Institute at New Cross at a cost of ^85,000 (9th). — The Lord Mayor, accompanied
by the Sheriffs, opened the new Fish Market, erected by the Corporation, on Snow
Hill, replacing the market opposite, which it was intended should revert to its original
purpose of a Fruit and Vegetable Market, but which was actually converted into an
annexe of the Meat and Poultry Market. The new market, designed by Sir Horace
Jones, occupies a space of 14,000 square feet and cost about ^25,000 (7 Nov.). —
The " Show" on Lord Mayor's day was devoid of the spectacular element, an in-
novation which was regarded by some with favour and by others with disapproval.
Lord Mayor Whitehead and Mr. Alderman and Sheriff Newton, by way of compensation, gave a
substantial meal and entertainment to 10,000 poor people in East London, and also arranged for special
gifts to the pauper children at Hanwell, and the sick inmates of the City of London Union at Margate.
Miss Davenport Hill, Mr. Albert Rutson (Progressives), Rev. W. Martin and
Sir R. Temple, Bart., M.P. (Moderates) were elected for the City on the London
School Board (27th). — It was decided to erect a Fruit and Vegetable Market on a
portion of the vacant land north of Charterhouse Street at a cost of ^15,500 ; also
to build on the vacant land opposite Billingsgate Market, which the Corporation
were about to acquire from the Commissioners of Sewers, a structure of three floors
of offices, the ground floor being used for the purpose of shops and stalls for the fish
trade. — The new building for the City of London Court was opened by the Lord
Mayor (6 Dec).
The new Court building is situated on the south side of Guildhall Buildings and on the west side
of Basinghall Street, and occupies the site of the old Court Buildings, the old Land Tax Offices, and
the "tap'' of the Guildhall Tavern. On the ground floor are offices for the clerks and bailiffs,
and above are the Judges' Court and the Registrar's Court. The building is in the Gothic style
and harmonises with the Guildhall. Mr. Andrew Murray, A.R.LB.A., was the architect.
The Cheapside end of Queen Street was widened, and considerable alterations were made at the
north-west corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. — Lady Holies' School for Girls, in Redcross Street, was
re-built. — The union of St. Margaret's Lothbury with St. Olave's Old Jewry was effected.
1889.
"■ORD ROSEBERY came forward as a candidate for the City in
the new London County Council (7 Jan., 1889). Addressing a City
meeting under the presidency of the Rev. Prebendary Rogers,
he explained the motives of his candidature. He said: —
" I am glad that my first appearance as a candidate should be under the
auspices of one of the best and largest-hearted men I know. As he says, it is not personal ambition
I'ft'
402 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1889
that brings me forward. I do not think the work will be of that brilliant or attractive sort that it will
cause those who wish to make a show in the world to be anxious to take a part in it. My point
of view is more simple. I received an invitation from more than i,ioo citizens, of all shades of
politics, asking me to come forward, and I thought it a clear case of duty to comply with that request,
for it seemed to me that the experiment you are about to make is so vast a one that it needs the
co-operation and energy of every inhabitant of London, however humble, to bring the undertaking
to a successful issue." Speaking later on at the Memorial Hall, Lord Rosebery said he did not come
before them as the owner of two houses in the City of London, or as being connected with any
commercial firm, but on the broad ground of a United London. A United London was the great
principle laid down by the Local Government Bill, as far as it affected London, and for the first time it
brought London into a harmonious whole, with the City as its centre, and he hoped as its leader.
The first elections to the London County Council took place on the 17th.
The following were returned for the City: — Sir John Lubbock, Bart, 8,976;
Lord Rosebery, 8,032 ; Mr. Benjamin L. Cohen, 3,925 ; Mr. Henry Clarke,
3,022. The unsuccessful candidates were Mr. George Shaw, 2,752 ; Mr.
G. N. Johnson, 729. Lord Rosebery was elected Chairman of the Council,
Sir John Lubbock, Vice-Chairman, and Mr. Firth, Deputy-Chairman. — The Lord
Mayor accompanied by Mr. Sheriff Newton paid a state visit to Kendal (8th). —
Alderman Sir Thomas Scambler Owden died at Sutton (8th).
He had been connected with the Corporation for 41 years, having been returned as a member of
the Common Council for Bishopsgate Ward in 1847. He was Chairman of the East London Union
until it was united with the AVest London Union, under the title of the City of London Union.
A conference on vagrancy was held in the Board Room of the City of
London Union, delegates attending from nearly all the Metropolitan Unions
(14th). — A farewell banquet was given at the Mansion House to the American
Minister (Hon. E. J. Phelps). The company included leading statesmen, bankers
and merchants, distinguished representatives of art, science, literature and law,
ministers of religion, journalists and dramatists.
The American Minister recalled how, nearly four years ago, in that hall, at a dinner given by
Lord Mayor Fowler, he made his first appearance on any public occasion in England, and addressed
his first words to an English company, and now his last public words were being spoken under the
same hospitable roof. Alluding to the faUibility of public men he made use of a happy epigram :
"The man who never makes a mistake never makes anything.'' This Mansion House festivity had
more than usual significance, the relations between this country and the United States being somewhat
strained, owing to a letter having been written by the British Ambassador at Washington to some news-
paper correspondent just before the Presidential Election, which led the United States Government to
demand his recall. Mr. Phelps afterwards wrote to the Lord Mayor to say that such felicitous amenities
as the welcome he had received at the Mansion House were stronger than treaties.
The first meeting of the London County Council was held in the Board Room
of the Metropolitan Board of Works, Spring Gardens (31st). — In response to a
letter from Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., provisional chairman of the London
County Council, the Corporation agreed to lend the Council Chamber at Guildhall
A.D. 1889 Modern History of the City of London. 403
for the purposes of the London County Council, for a period of three months
(7 Feb.). — The Common Council passed a resolution of regret and condolence on
the occasion of the sudden death of the Crown Prince Rudolph of Austria-
Hungary. — The Commissioners of Sewers decided to advertise for tenders
to light the whole City by electricity, reserving to themselves the right to
acquire the undertaking by purchase at the end of twenty-one years (26th). For
the purposes of lighting, the City was divided into three districts : western, central,
and eastern. Special provision was made for the supply of electricity to any owner
or occupier within 25 yards of the mains. — The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress
gave a reception and conversazione to London and provincial journalists at the
Mansion House in connection with the inauguration of the Institute of Journalists
(9 Mar.). — The Rev. Dr. Abbott tendered his resignation as Head Master of the City
of London School (14th). — A Bill in relation to the binding of apprentices according
to the custom of the City of London, and the form of indenture of City apprenticeship,
was read a third time and became an Act of the Court of Common Council. — The
Corporation voted ^105 to the Mansion House Fund for the purpose of sending a
representative body of London workmen to the Paris Exhibition with a view of
supplying industrial reports on the various exhibits of arts and manufactures.
The fund amounted to ^1,361. — The Blacksmiths' Company opened an Exhibition
at Ironmongers' Hall (25th). — The Common Council passed a resolution of
regret at the death of the Right Hon. John Bright, " a good man and
a distinguished statesman" (28th). — The Court resolved to celebrate in a
suitable manner the 700th anniversary of the mayoralty of the City of London. —
The Library Association of the United Kingdom visited the Guildhall Library
and Museum. The Librarian read a paper on the "Guildhall Library and its
work," which was afterwards issued as a pamphlet with additions and an appendix
(10 Ap.). — The Common Council expressed sympathy with the Queen and the Duke
of Cambridge on the death of Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge. —
The Engineer to the Commissioners of Sewers (Col. Haywood) in a report issued
on 20 Ap. gave an account of improvements effected by the Commissioners during
the last thirty-eight years. He said :
"In the year 1879 I found that, counting every street, court and place which was pubhc way,
however small, the Commissioners had improved, in a greater or less degree, since the year 1843,
upwards of 400 of them. The total number of public ways of all classes now existing in the City is
731, and the Commissioners had effected improvements in 262 of them. With the exception of King
William Street, Moorgate Street, Holborn Viaduct and approaches, and Cannon Street improvement,
carried out by the Corporation, and also Queen Victoria Street, which, although constructed by the
Metropolitan Board of Works, was designed by the Corporation, there is not a main thoroughfare in
FFF 2
404 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1889
the City which the Commissioners have not, to some extent, and in many cases to a large extent,
improved, and every ward of the City has had its share of expenditure for that purpose. During the
past thirty-eight years the Commissioners have expended out of the consolidated rate of the City a
gross sum of upwards of ;!{^3, 900,000 for improvements. Towards these the Metropolitan Board has
contributed something like ^591,000, which amount, together with that received by the Commis-
sioners for the sale of surplus lands, etc., amounting to ^1,121,000, leaves a sum approaching
^2,188,000 spent by the Commissioners for improvements in the City since the year 1850. In
addition to this large expenditure it must be borne in mind that the City of London pays annually
about one-eighth of the entire cost of all the improvements in the Metropolis effected by the
Metropolitan Board of Works."
With a great gathering in Holloway Hall, the Lord Mayor brought to a
successful close the four mass meetings which he had addressed in aid of a new
hospital scheme. The object of the movement was to organize in every factory,
workshop, warehouse, club, and all centres of labour a contribution of a penny a
week towards the support of hospitals, dispensaries, and convalescent homes
(27th). — The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, at the invitation of the President of the
French Republic, visited Paris and attended the Universal Exhibition in commemo-
ration of the commencement of the Revolution of 1789 (9 May). Special signifi-
cance was attached to this visit owing to the fact that the British Ambassador in
Paris was not allowed to attend the festivities.
The Lord Mayor was received by the President of the French Republic (M. Carnot), the Prime
Minister (M. Tirard), the President of the Paris Municipahty (Dr. Emile Chautemps), and the people
of Paris, with many signs of appreciation and esteem. The Lord Mayor made a visit to the Pasteur
Institute for the treatment of hydrophobia, for which he afterwards raised funds amounting to ^^2,839.
His lordship dined with President Carnot at the Elys^e, and was entertained at a splendid banquet at
the Hotel de Ville, afterwards receiving the ministers as his guests at the Grand Hotel. A deputation
from the British Chamber of Commerce in Paris waited upon the Lord Mayor.
The Corporation, at the request of Lord Rosebery, agreed to allow the
London County Council the further use of the Guildhall Council Chamber for
a period of three months (i6th). — A Bill to repeal the rights possessed by the
City and the late Metropolitan Board of Works with regard to the coal dues was
debated in the House of Commons (22nd). The London County Council supported
the measure, which was read a second time, and subsequently passed into law.
A duty of IS. id. had been levied on all coal coming into the police area, which extended over
700 square miles. The money thus raised was applied exclusively to Metropolitan and City
improvements, the City share of the tax being 4.d.
Alderman Sir Thomas Dakin, the " father " of the Corporation, died in his
82nd year (24th).
In early life he was an active promoter of mechanics' institutions, and himself lectured on
chemistry and electricity. He entered the Corporation in 1842 as a representative of the Ward of
Candlewick.
A.D. 1889 Modern History of the City of London. 405
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart, and Mr. Edward North Buxton presented
the Corporation with fifteen acres of land at Theydon Bois, called " Oak Hall
Enclosure," as an addition to the area of Epping Forest (23rd). — It was resolved to
improve the external lobby of the Council Chamber in the Guildhall at a cost of
.^'2,146. — The Lord Mayor organized a scheme for the thorough equipment of the
volunteer force within the Metropolitan area. In an article, which he contributed
to the June number of the Contemporary Revieio, entitled "A Patriotic Volunteer
Fund " he said :
" Within the Metropolitan area there are forty-three volunteer regiments, numbering about 31,000
men. Out of these 31,000 men there are, according lo the returns furnished me, 26,000 who have no
great coats, 6,000 without water bottles, 6,000 without haversacks, 25,000 without mess tins, 29,600
without undress tunics, 31,000 (the whole number) without extra trousers, 23,600 without either
kit-bags or valises, 31,000 (the whole number) without a pair of strong military boots, and 31,000
(the whole number again) without knife and lanyard."
The Lord Mayor appealed to the City Companies and others for a sum of
^85,000, the Corporation voting ^5,000 in five annual instalments. A sum
of about .;^42,ooo was raised. — The freedom of the City was presented to
the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, late Viceroy and Governor-General of India,
and formerly Governor-General of Canada, in recognition of his distinguished
and valuable services to his country as a statesman and diplomatist throughout
a long public career (29th). — Prince George of Wales was admitted to the freedom of
the City by patrimony (i June). — The Select Committee of the House of Commons
threw out the London Central Subway Railway Bill (7th). — On the motion
of Mr. Treloar it was referred to the Finance and Improvement Committee of the
Commissioners of Sewers to take immediate steps to complete the improvement of
Ludgate Hill (i8th). — The Sheriffs were elected for the first time for the City of
London only, the right to elect a Sheriff of Middlesex having been taken away
by the Local Government Act of 1888 (24th). — An attack was made in the House
of Commons upon the Irish Society and the City Companies who had estates in
Ireland, and a Committee was appointed to enquire into the allegations (28th).
The Committee reported to Parliament that, from the evidence of the witnesses examined, it
appeared that there was no complaint as to the manner in which the Irish Society had performed its
duties ; and with regard to the different City Companies it was admitted that till recently they had
acted with liberality. They had built churches and schools throughout their respective districts, and
had subscribed with great liberality to the local charities.
The Foreign and Colonial Delegates who were attending the World's Sunday
School Convention in the City were received by the Lord Mayor at the Mansion
House (i July). — The Corporation presented an address to the Shah at Guildhall.
His Imperial Majesty, who was a second time welcomed to the City of London,
4o6 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1889
was entertained to a dejeuner in the Guildhall, the Lord Mayor presiding, amongst
the guests being the Prince of Wales and the Marquis of Salisbury. — The
Common Council agreed to a report of the Library Committee upon the reference
to prepare, at an expense not exceeding / 1,000, a work showing the pre-
eminent position occupied by the City of London and the important function
it exercised in the shaping and making of England ; illustrating, as far as
possible from the City's archives, the various points in the reference of the
24 Mar., 1887. This work was placed in the hands of Dr. R. R. Sharpe, the
Records' Clerk, and has since been completed. A medal was at the same time ordered
to be struck to commemorate the 700th anniversary of the Mayoralty (iith). —
The further use of the Council Chamber was granted to the London County
Council until the enlarged chamber at Spring Gardens should be ready for
occupation. — At a large meeting of London and provincial merchants and
traders at the Mansion House, an association was formed to oppose the revised
classification and schedule of railway rates which enabled the Railway Companies
greatly to increase their charges on various classes of goods. A fund was opened
at the Mansion House to provide the necessary means for opposing the Railway
Companies in Parliament and before the Board of Trade (26th). — The "Magdalena,"
having on board the Lord Mayor and Corporation, was the only merchant vessel
entitled to go in the Royal procession to witness the Naval Review at Spithead
(3 Aug.). — Mr. R. W. Crawford, a director of the Bank of England and formerly
M.P. for the City, died. — The Charity Commissioners issued a draft scheme for
dealing with the Parochial Charities of the City of London (4 Sept.). — The
Mansion House Committee of Conciliation, presided over by the Lord Mayor,
succeeded in bringing to a close the Great Dock Strike which had paralysed the
trade of London for five weeks.
The Lord Mayor was assisted in the work of concihation by Cardinal Manning and Mr. Sydney
Buxton, M.P., advice also being given from time to time by the Bishop of London, Lord Brassey,
and others. At one time the negotiations threatened to break down, but on the evening of
14 Sept. the strike leaders assembled at the Mansion House and formally signed the agreement
which ended the labour war.
The Common Council decided to present compliments of congratulation to the
Duke and Duchess of Fife on the occasion of their marriage (26 Sept.). — The Cor-
poration voted a further sum of 1,000 guineas to the City and Guilds of London
Institute (3 Oct.). — Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips, late Alderman, died on the 9th.
Born in 1811, he established in partnership with his brother-in-law, Mr. Faudel, the business
carried on under the title of Faudel, Phillips and Sons, For thirty-six years he was an active member of
the Corporation,
A.D. 1889 Modern History of the City of London. 407
The Remembrancer was instructed to retain counsel on behalf of the Corpora-
tion in the Railway Rates Enquiry which was opened by the Board of Trade
(15 Oct.). — The working-men delegates, who, at the instance of the Mansion House
Committee had visited the Paris Exhibition, presented the Lord Mayor with a
specially bound volume of their reports, which were of an interesting character
(26th). — Sir Henry Aaron Isaacs, Knight, was elected Lord Mayor. The Lord
Mayor's Show, arranged by the Hon. Lewis Wingfield, included groups illustrating
the sports and pastimes of Old England and of English worthies connected
with the City (9 Nov.). — Sir Sydney Waterlow, late Alderman, offered the
London County Council 29 acres of land, at Highgate, now known as Waterlow
Park, to be used as a place of public recreation (12th). — A letter from Lord
Salisbury announced that the late Lord Mayor had been made a baronet (14th). —
Arthur Tempest Pollard, M.A., Vice-Master of the Manchester Grammar
School, was elected Head-Master of the City of London School. — A scheme
for the establishment of a City Polytechnic, in which were to be amalgamated
the City of London College and the Birkbeck Institute, was issued by the
Charity Commissioners (11 Dec). — The building lately by the Inland Fish Market
in Farringdon Road was re-opened by the Lord Mayor as a Poultry and Provision
Market, the necessary alterations having been made at a cost of about ^12,000
(13th). — About this time the Company of Paviors was reconstituted, Mr. Ex-Sherifif
Burt, being the first Master. — The London County Council practically declined to
make the usual contribution towards the cost of City improvements, by imposing
restrictions which it was impossible for the City to comply with (28th).
The Commissioners of Sewers pointed out that in the early days of the Metropolitan Board of
Works it was the practice of the latter body to contribute one half the cost of City improvements, but
the Treasury afterwards restricted the Board to an expenditure of ^100,000 a year for improvements
for the whole Metropolis, and the Board offered to give the City ;^3o,ooo out of that ;^ioo,ooo.
The annual contribution of the Metropolitan Board of Works to City improvements had since been
limited to that sum.
It was arranged, owing to the increase of business, that the City of London
Court should sit continuously throughout the year without any vacation. — The
China Famine Relief Fund at the Mansion House amounted to ^^32,654, and the
Gardens and Pleasure Grounds Fund to ^^5,303. — The new Law Courts branch of
the Bank of England, a building of bold Italian design, was erected by Mr. (after-
wards Sir A. W.) Blomfield. — Between Moorgate Street, Lothbury, and London
Wall an improvement was carried out by the demolition of Bell Alley and its
surroundings, the space thus obtained being covered by new buildings. In Austin
Friars and Drapers' Gardens blocks of offices were erected. — During the latter
4o8 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1889-90
part of this year specifications were prepared and tenders invited by the Com-
missioners of Sewers for lighting the City by electricity. Eventually contracts
were entered into with two Companies, afterwards merged in the City of London
Electric Lighting Company, and the whole of the main thoroughfares in the City
were lighted by arc lamps at a cost of about £12,2"] 2 per annum.
1890.
JELD MARSHAL LORD NAPIER OF MAGDALA,
G.C. B., G.C.S.L, Constable of the Tower, died in his eightieth
year from influenza (14 Jan., 1890). The burial took place at
St. Paul's Cathedral on the 21st, thirty members of the Corpora-
tion attending in their gowns. A fund for raising a memorial
to Lord Napier was opened at the Mansion House on the 27th, the
Corporation contributing 100 guineas. The fund reached a total of ^5,446. —
Alderman Sir Polydore De Keyser entertained the French Ambassador, the
Executive Council of the British Section of the Paris Exhibition, and those
to whom special awards had been made by the French Government, to a banquet
at the Mansion House (27th). — A meeting was held at the Mansion House
to consider a scheme of commercial education, drawn up by the Committee
appointed by the London Chamber of Commerce, and afterwards modified by
the advice of the Oxford and Cambridge School Examination Board. The
scheme, which proposed to enable English youths to meet the better educated
German clerk upon his own ground, was adopted by the meeting. In the junior
course, Latin was entirely omitted (5 Feb.). — The Corporation resolved to
support the Inhabited House Duty Repeal Association in its endeavours to
remove certain anomalies incidental to the said duty (13th). — The Llanerch
Colliery Explosion Fund opened at the Mansion House reached a total of
^7,625, the Corporation subscribing 200 guineas. — Alderman David Henry Stone
died on the 26th.
He was born in 1812; the family from which he claimed descent having been for upwards
of three centuries large landed proprietors near Lewes. Early in life he practised as a solicitor
and first became associated with the Corporation in 1840, when he was appointed Under-Sheriff.
He was elected Alderman of Bassishaw in 1865.
At a meeting of the Commissioners of Sewers attention was drawn to the
extraordinary increase in the value of City property. In twenty years, (1870
to 1890) the assessable value of City property had risen 150 per cent. (4 Mar.).
A.D. 1890 Modern History of the City of London. 409
— The Common Council finally adopted, as a site for Ward's City of London
School for Girls, a plot of land on the Victoria Embankment at the rear of the
Guildhall School of Music. — The Corporation contributed 100 guineas towards the
expense of converting the old burial ground in Seward Street, Goswell Road, into
a public recreation ground. — It was also resolved to hold a Loan Exhibition of
Works of Art at the Guildhall Art Gallery. — The Mansion House Fund for the
sufferers from the Morfa Colliery Disaster amounted to .1^2,973, the Corporation
contributing 200 guineas. — A letter was received by the Lord Mayor from Lord
Rosebery, enclosing a resolution from the London County Council expressing its
warm appreciation of the generous hospitality of the Corporation in having granted
the use of their chamber for the weekly meetings of the Council during fourteen
months. — Mr. William Blades, printer, bibliophilist and antiquary, a man of much
learning and taste, died at the age of sixty-six (27 Ap.).
His fame rests chiefly upon his monumental work, "The life and typography of William Caxton,"
published in 1 86 1-3. His library of books on printing is preserved, in memoriam, in St. Bride's Institute,
and the larger part of his collection of printers' medals was purchased for the Guildhall Museum. His
latest works were the "Pentateuch of Printing," and some valuable bibliographical monographs.
A conversazione was given at Guildhall to welcome Mr. H. M. Stanley on his
return from his long and arduous journey in search of Emin Pasha (13 May). —
Ex-Alderman Hadley who was rejected by the Court of Aldermen as a candidate
for the civic chair, died at Kensington (15th). — The Jubilee Anniversary of the
introduction of Inland Penny Postage was celebrated at Guildhall (i6th).
The reception of about 3,000 guests, including the Prince of Wales, took place in the Library,
most of the exhibits being in the great Hall, which had somewhat the appearance of a huge postal
and telegraph office combined. There were examples of the development of pillar boxes, from
the original square ones of 1855, through the tall elaborate edifice, with crown and cushion,
which formerly stood on London Bridge, to the modern pillar with its wire interior. On the
east side of the Guildhall was the telegraph department, where every system, from Cooke and
Wheatstone's 4-needle machine requiring four wires, to the present single wire and almost instan-
taneous machine, was exhibited. Several offices at the Guildhall were in direct communication
with posts at Aberdeen, Bristol, Penzance, and other distant towns with which telegrams were
exchanged in the space of a few minutes. There was a fully equipped mail coach and numerous
reminiscences of the old coach days. The work of sorting and dispatching letters was also
illustrated. Speeches were delivered in the course of the evening by the Lord Mayor, the
Postmaster-General, Sir James Whitehead, and others.
Mr. H. M. Stanley was presented with the freedom of the Fishmongers'
Company (2 June). — A scheme was adopted at the Mansion House, under the
auspices of the Farriers' Company, the Royal Agricultural Society of England,
and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, for the National Registration of
Farriers or Shoeing Smiths. — An enquiry into the water supply of the Metropolis,
GGG
410 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1890
conducted by the County Purposes Committee of the Corporation at a cost of
^2,178, was opened at Guildhall, Sir W. Guyer Hunter, K.C.M.G., M.P.,
presiding (4th).
Thirteen sittings were held, during which thirty-seven witnesses were examined. The result
of the examination showed that there was a consensus of opinion that the water supply should
be in the hands of a Public Authority. It was clear from the evidence that wealthy consumers were
able to obtain advantages from the Water Companies which were not shared by the general public.
The Committee visited Manchester and Glasgow, and the officials there gave evidence showing
the benefits accruing to the consumers and to the Cities themselves from the supply being in the
hands of a Public Authority. The Committee recommended the creation by Parliament of a Water
Authority, with representatives of the areas affected, as the most effectual way of governing the water-
shed and managing the supply, with power to confer with the Conservators of the Thames and Lea ;
and that such representatives should be chosen from the various Municipal Corporations, County
Councils and Sanitary Authorities, over whose areas the \\'ater Authority would have control.
Mr. John Morley presided at the first meeting of the Select Committee of the
House of Commons, appointed to inquire into the terms under which the Irish
Society and the London Companies held their estates in Ulster, and as to
the administration of the funds derived from such estates. A mass of evidence
was taken, but the Committee reported on 24 July that it was out of their
power to conclude the investigation that session, and suggested the appointment
of another Committee next session. — The first Loan Exhibition of Pictures was
opened by the Lord Mayor in the Guildhall Art Gallery (10 June).
The exhibition was open free to the public for three months, and was visited by 109,000 persons.
It was resolved on the recommendation of the Special Finance Committee of
the Corporation to increase the fee for obtaining the freedom of the City from
55. to one guinea (i8th). — Sir James Fraser, K.C.B , Commissioner of City Police,
resigned his appointment after a service of twenty-seven years. Lieut.-Colonel
Henry Smith, the Chief Superintendent, was appointed to the vacant post
(26th). — On the death of Thomas Woodward, Keeper of the Monument, it was
resolved to abolish the office and to appoint a third assistant to take charge in
conjunction with the two assistants already appointed. — The London County
Council informed the Commissioners of Sewers that for various reasons it had
been decided that it was not expedient for the Council to contribute any
proportion of the cost of City street improvements (30th).
The two reasons given were that the City (not the Commissioners) would be in receipt of
the proceeds of the Coal duty until the following month, and that City improvements had been
proceeded with before the views of the Council could be ascertained.
Wardmotes were held throughout the City to consider the Police Bill before
Parliament. The citizens expressed themselves almost unanimously against the
proposed interference with the City Police (4 July). — The duty on coal, which in
A.D. 1890
Modern History of the City of London.
411
one form or another had existed for centuries, and was one of the most fertile sources
of revenue by which the Metropolis had been rebuilt, was abolished by Parliament
(5th). — The Corporation agreed to pay ^1,000 towards the expenses incurred
by the plaintiffs (the Banstead Commons Preservation Committee) in the action
brought against Sir John
Hartopp and others for
illegally enclosing a portion
of Banstead Downs and
Commons, and the Coal, and
Corn, and Finance Com-
mittee was authorised to
obtain, if possible, such a
holding of property in the
neighbourhood as would
secure to the Corporation in
future a locus standi in the
event of any further attempt
at encroachment on the rights
o
of the Commoners (loth). —
Mr. Alderman and Sheriff
Knill offered to decorate the
outer lobby of the Council
Chamber as a memorial of his
year of shrievalty. The offer
was accepted by the Common
Council, and the decorations
(which have since been carried
out) took the form of a series
of mural paintings, having al-
legorical reference to the City
Sir Paul Pindar's House, Bishopsgate Street. ^f London and the Livery
Companies. — Earl Granville distributed at the Mansion House the prizes and certifi-
cates awarded by the London Chamber of Commerce, in connection with the first
examination under the recently approved Commercial Education Scheme (24th). —
The Common Council voted 100 guineas to a fund on behalf of the survivors of the
Light Brigade who took part in the charge of Balaclava. — The remains of Canon
Liddon were interred in the crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral (16 Sept.). — Attention
was drawn in the press to the approaching demolition of Sir Paul Pindar's mansion,
long used as a public-house, in Bi.shopsgate Street.
GGG
412 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1890
From the first floor upwards the front consisted of two oriel windows, one being imposed upon
the other, the oak timbers of which were of great antiquity and beauty. Sir Paul Pindar erected
the building as a residence towards the end of Elizabeth's reign.
The Mansion House Fund in aid of the sufferers from the fire at Salonica
reached a total of ^3,740, the Corporation contributing 100 guineas (25th). —
A man named Easton shot himself in St. Paul's Cathedral during morning service
(28th). A "service of reconciliation" or "act of reparation to Almighty God
for dishonour done to his sanctuary " was held, to purge the Cathedral from
the guilt of the suicide. The Bishop of London conducted the service (13 Oct.). —
The Common Council resolved to provide additional chill-room accommodation
at the Foreign Cattle Market, Deptford, at a cost of ^^5,756 (2 Oct.). — An
exhibition of hardy fruit, under the auspices of the Fruiterers' Company, was
opened by the Lord Mayor at the Guildhall (6th). — A fire occurred at a hat
factory in Cloth Fair. Women and girls in a state of panic threw themselves
from the windows of the burning building, five being killed and ten injured ; three
of the latter afterwards died (13th). — Mr. E. Onslow Ford, A.R.A., presented to
the Corporation his statue of Mr. Henry Irving as "Hamlet" (21st). — The
London County Council who had obtained Parliamentary powers to expend a
sum of ;^5,ooo on Water enquiries approached the Corporation, and several
conferences between the two bodies took place without practical result— The
City and South London Electric Railway was opened by the Prince of Wales
(4 Nov.). — The Corporation guaranteed ^1,000 in furtherance of a Naval
Exhibition to be held in 1891. — Sir John Gordon Sprigg, K.C.M.G., late premier
of the Cape, was presented with the freedom of the Turners' Company (6th). —
Alderman Joseph Savory was elected Lord Mayor. — The City of London passed
through a grave financial crisis (14th).
The firm of Baring Brothers became embarrassed through the Argentine collapse, and was on the
verge of ruin. After some days of uncertainty, the Bank of England and other large banks came to the
rescue and a guarantee fund of ^17,000,000 was secured, thus preventing a very serious disaster.
A resolution of condolence was passed by the Common Council on the
occasion of the death of the King of the Netherlands (27th). — A new statue
of the Queen was ordered for the Royal Exchange at a cost of ^2,000, the
Corporation and the Mercers' Company jointly contributing to its cost. — The
Very Rev. R. W. Church, dean of St. Paul's, died at the age of seventy-five
(9 Dec). — A large meeting, presided over by the Lord Mayor, was held at
Guildhall to protest against " the renewed persecutions to which millions of
the Jewish race are subjected in Russia under the yoke of severe and exceptional
edicts and disabilities" (loth).
A.D. 1890-1 Modern History of the City of London. 413
The meeting was addressed by the Duke of Westminster, the Bishop of Ripon and others, and a
memorial, signed by the Lord Mayor, in the name of the citizens of London, was sent to St. Petersburg.
Early in the following Feb. it was returned to the Lord Mayor through the Foreign OflSce.
Sir Edgar Boehm, R.A., the eminent sculptor, was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral
by special desire of the Queen (12th). — A presentation was made to Mr. John Derby
Allcroft on his retirement from the Treasurership of Christ's Hospital in consequence
of the passing of a scheme for the reconstruction of the school which greatly
alienated the support of the important class of donation governors (i8th).
Up to this time Christ's Hospital had been governed in exactly the same way as the other Royal
Hospitals, but, under the new scheme of the Charity Commissioners, the Aldermen, while remaining
ex-officio governors were, with the exception of the Lord Mayor, deprived of their rights of presentation.
During the severe frost a great fire took place in Queen Victoria Street, a
large block of buildings being destroyed (30th).
The intense cold, combined with the heat of the fire, produced some curious effects. The
showers of water from the hose almost froze as they fell and every fireman became rapidly coated
from head to foot in ice (30th).
189I.
^r^ ex-officio member, and the remaining members were to be chosen by different
public bodies or nominated by the present governors. The governors were to consist of four classes,
viz., ex-officio governors. Common Council governors, donation governors, six governors by special
vote, and governors by right of Almonership. The Council of Almoners were under the scheme to
provide hospital schools within a convenient distance of London, for 700 boy boarders and 350 girl
boarders, with a preparatory school for 120 boarders. There was also to be a science school for 600
scholars, and a girls' day school for 400 scholars. Amongst other objects of the scheme was the
removal of the school from London. Owing to the rapid diminution of donation governors, there
has been a considerable falling off in the revenues of the Institution.
The Executive Committee of the first Italian Exhibition of Architecture,
at Turin, granted a diploma of honour to the Corporation for their exhibits (29th).
— The Court of Common Council voted 200 guineas for the relief of distress in the
West of Ireland. — The Corporation passed a resolution of regret on hearino- of the
death of H.R. H. Prince Baldwin, heir presumptive to the throne of Belo-ium.
The Lord Mayor inaugurated the permanent lighting of the City by electricitv by
laying the foundation stone at the main junction, connecting the conductors to be
laid down in Walbrook, outside the Mansion House (3 Feb.).
Experiments had been in progress for several years, and a definite scheme was at last agreed to.
414 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1891
Mr. James Rowlands introduced in the House of Commons a motion for the
aboHtion of the Livery Franchise in accordance with the recommendation of the
City of London Livery Companies Commission. The resolution was rejected by
148 votes to 120 (6th). — On the motion of Mr. Treloar, the Commissioners of Sewers
resolved to acquire Messrs. Dakin's premises in St. Paul's Churchyard, to complete
the widening of Ludgate Hill (loth). The purchase was effected on the 24th for
^22,500. — The Local Government and Taxation Committee were instructed
to take a Day Census of the City (19th). — The London Water Commission
Bill of the Corporation for the purpose of creating a public body to control the
water supply of London, or to acquire other sources of supply, was read a
second time in the House of Commons, and referred to a Select Committee of
nine members (20th). This Committee sat for the first time on 28 Ap. (Sir
Matthew White Ridley, Bart., in the Chair) and considered the Corporation
Bill and several other Water Bills which had been submitted to it.
Upon the conclusion of the case for the Corporation Bill, the Committee intimated that the
proposal to constitute a new Water Authority with powers of enquiry and negotiation should not be
proceeded with, but that there was no objection to that part of the Bill which allowed applications to
Parliament by the London County Council, and their expending moneys on enquiries.
Alderman Sir Thomas Gabriel, Bart., died at Wimbledon, at the age of eighty
(23 Feb.). He was a successful timber merchant, and was elected Alderman
of the Ward of Vintry in 1857. — The Restoration Committee of St. Bartholomew-
the-Great viewed the finished south transept, the great arch of which had for
years been concealed by a canvas-covered vestry room (28th).
The Norman arch on the east side of the transept (date 1123) had served as a fire-place to
the vestry. A corresponding arch on the west side (date about 1180) had been for centuries
concealed in plaster. The opening out of this transept was a great improvement to this ancient
London church. The Bishop of London formally inaugurated the restoration, 14 Mar.
A telephone system between London and Paris was inaugurated (18 Mar.).
— In response to a letter from the Lord Chancellor, it was agreed that the old
Council Chamber should be appropriated for the hearing of special jury cases
before Her Majesty's Judges (19th). — The City of London Union and other
local bodies successfully appealed at the Clerkenwell Sessions House against the
revised assessments of the London County Council, which would have enormously
increased the rates of the City (26th). — Mr. Joseph Beck, Chairman of the City
Lands Committee, and a man of considerable scientific attainments, died in his
63rd year (18 Ap.) — The City Parochial Foundation under the City Parochial
Charities Act came into operation.
A.D. 1891 Modern History of the City of London. 4^5
The " City Parochial Foundation " was the official title of the funds to be administered by the
new governing body of the central scheme of the City parish charities. These funds were handed
over to the care of twenty-one gentlemen selected by the Crown, the Corporation, the London
County Council, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the University of London, University and King's
Colleges, the Wards of Bishopsgate and Cripplegate, and the City and Guilds Institute. The income
was under _;^ioo,ooo per annum, and of this one-third was ecclesiastical income, which had been
devoted to City church purposes, and which was to be still devoted to such purposes under the scheme.
The ;i^3S,ooo a year of the City Church Fund was to be wholly separated from the control of
the new governing body as rapidly as possible, and handed over to the rectors and churchwardens
of each of the parishes concerned, to the extent specified in the central scheme, and the surplus
was to be transferred bodily to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, whose two representatives on the
new governing body should thenceforward cease to belong to it. On the ^56,000, which was
general charity income, the Charity Commissioners were to raise .;^335,ooo for open spaces, poly-
technics, etc., which at 4 per cent, they calculated would reduce the income to be administered
by the new governing body to about ^^40,000 yearly. The first meeting of the governors was held
at the Mansion House (i May) when the Lord Mayor was elected chairman.
The Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Irish Society and
City Companies possessing property in Ireland was reappointed, and after due
enquiry presented their report (4 May). — Mr. William Lidderdale, Governor of
the Bank of England was admitted to the freedom of the City, in recognition
of the services rendered by him during the monetary crisis of the previous
November, whereby (to quote the resolution of the Court) "disastrous and far-
reaching panic was averted, and commercial and fiscal confidence was restored."
The Chamberlain in making the presentation referred to the Chamber at the Guildhall as the
oldest bank in the country, dating from at least the 12th century, when it was farmed of the Crown.
A drinking fountain, presented to St. Mary Aldermary, by Mr. Deputy Rogers,
was inaugurated in the parish churchyard, which had been thrown open to the public
(nth). — Alderman Sir Robert Nicholas Fowler, Bart., M.P., died on the 22nd.
Sir Robert, born in 1828, was one of the best known men in the City. Pie was essentially
a fighting politican, but his sterling qualities and genial character won for him a host of friends,
even in the camps of his political opponents. He was a man of literary tastes, and a distinguished
graduate of the University of London. He was greatly interested in religious and philanthropic
work, and preached many times to large congregations during his mayoralty. A bust of Sir Robert
Fowler was ordered to be placed in the Art Gallery.
The annual allowance for the purchase of books for the Guildhall Library,
and the purchase of antiquities, etc., for the Museum, was increased from ^800 to
^1,000 per annum (28th). — A controversy took place with regard to the sanitary
condition of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and the Medical Officer of Health (Dr.
Sedgwick Saunders) advised the removal of the antiquated brick drains then in
use, and the substitution of a safer system. This was eventually adopted. —
Alderman Sir Reginald Hanson, Bart., was elected to fill the vacancy in the
parliamentary representation of the City, caused by the death of Sir Robert Fowler
4i6 Modern History of the City of London. a.d. 1891
(3 June). — The Duke of Connaught visited Epping Forest as Ranger, and in the
presence of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs and other members of the Corporation
opened the latest addition to the Forest, viz., some 30 acres of Highams Park,
which had been acquired at a cost of ^6,000 (i6th).
This property connected the part of the forest known as the " Lops," near Woodford, with the
extensive thicket near Hale End, and comprised beautiful timbered land and a lake a quarter of
a mile in length. One half of the purchase money was found by the Corporation, the other half
being provided by various local bodies and private subscriptions.
Sir Henry Aaron Isaacs tendered his resignation as Alderman of the Ward of
Portsoken (i6th). — A distinguished company, including the Prince and Princess
of Wales and other members of the Royal Family, assembled at Guildhall to
meet the Emperor and Empress of Germany, when an address of welcome was
presented by the Corporation (10 July). The occasion was remarkable, as no
German Emperor had visited England since the Middle Ages. The preparations
at the Guildhall were on a very elaborate scale.
The Kaiser in returning thanks for the address, said ; —
" I thank you with many thanks, and I hope that the Mayor and Corporation of London will
always enjoy all the progress and prosperity it can have under the glorious and peaceful reign of
Queen Victoria, my beloved grandmother."
At a dejeuner served in the Guildhall, at which the Prime Minister (Lord Salisbury) was also
present, the Emperor in reply to the toast of his health, said : —
" I have always felt at home in this lovely country, being the grandson of a Queen whose
name will ever be remembered as a noble character, and a lady great in the wisdom of her counsels,
and whose reign has conferred lasting blessings on England. Moreover, the same blood runs in
English and German veins. Following the examples of my grandfather, and of my ever lamented
father I shall always, as far as it is in my power, maintain the historical friendship between these our
two nations, which as your lordship mentioned have so often been seen side by side in defence of
liberty and justice . . My aim is above all the maintenance of peace, for peace alone can give the
confidence which is necessary to the healthy development of science, art and trade."
The Lord Mayor received a baronetcy and the Sheriffs knighthood, in connection with the
Emperor's visit.
The House of Lords confirmed the refusal of the Court of Appeal to issue a
mandamus to the Bishop of London, to compel him to allow action to be taken
with regard to the reredos in St. Paul's Cathedral, the judgment of Lord Coleridge
in the Queen's Bench Division being reversed (20 Aug.). — The foundation stone
of the new Free Library and Museum, Whitechapel, was laid by the Lord
Mayor (27th). — Rev. W. Carlile, known as the founder of the Church Army,
was inducted into the church and parish of St. Mary-at-Hill, Love Lane (28th). —
The Prince of Naples dined with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress at the
Mansion House. — The Technical Institute, established by the Goldsmiths' Company
at New Cross, was opened by the Prince of W'ales. — One of the chief attractions of
A.D. 1891
Modern History of the City of London.
417
the Naval Exhibition at South Kensington, was a cohection of relics of the Nelson
period, partly lent by the Corporation. Amongst the swords was that presented by
the Corporation to Lord Nelson after the battle of the Nile (Sep.). — The Corporation
voted 200 guineas for the sufferers from the calamitous inundations in Spain. — The
Lord Chief Justice and Mr. Justice Wills opened the Guildhall sittings of the
Queen's Bench Division, for the trial of City nisi prius actions, thus reviving a
custom which had been discontinued since May, 1883 (28 Oct.).
The Lord Mayor welcomed Her Majesty's Judges to the City, remarking
that the Corporation had been from time immemorial the representative of
justice in the City. Lord Coleridge having expressed his thanks, said .
"It was supposed that the trial of mercantile issues, especially those arising
between citizens of London, had diminished out of all proportion to their
importance, in consequence of their removal from that place to the Royal
Courts of Justice in the Strand. He expressed no opinion as to whether
that belief was well or ill-founded, but it seemed to him that, occupying the
great position of Lord Chief Justice of England, it would have been most
unbecoming if he had attempted to interpose the slightest obstacle, nay if he
had not done his best to forward in every way a change of practice which
it was supposed at least would restore these causes to their ancient and
legitimate tribunals." The Lord Chancellor speaking at the Guildhall banquet
(9 Nov.) said he had observed that instead of the great commercial causes
which he had expected to find decided in the City of London, a great many
people had come from such remote places as Northumberland, Cornwall and
Somersetshire, instead of taking their questions for adjudication to their own
native courts. He intimated that if this were not put a stop to, the commercial
interests of the City of London might be seriously imperilled.
Alderman David Evans was elected Lord Mayor. — The Medical Officer of
Health reported that the well at the Artizans' Dwellings had reached a depth of
450 feet, of which 218 were bored into the chalk. The water as it issued from
the well was odourless and pleasant to the taste. It was decided to continue the
boring about 100 feet (17 Nov.). — A draft scheme for the establishment of a High
School for Girls under the Ward bequest was agreed to by the Common Council
(3 Dec). — The Corporation ordered a marble bust to be executed of the late
Right Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P., First Lord of the Treasury. — The results
of the City Day Census were embodied by Mr. James Salmon, F.S.S., in an
interesting narrative entitled, "Ten Years' Growth of the City of London." — A
sum of 50 guineas was voted by the Corporation to a fund being raised by
the Master of the Haberdashers' Company, for the relief of two girls who were
severely injured in Cannon Street during the progress of the Lord Mayor's pro-
cession on 9 Nov. — The freedom and livery of the Coachmakers' Company was
conferred upon Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw, who was for twenty-six years
Chief of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and had recently retired (loth).- — Lady
Jlember of Metropolitan Fire
Brigade.
HHII
41!
Modem History of the City of London. a.d. 1891-2
Charlotte Schreiber, who had in various ways done much to promote the cause of
technical education, was presented with the honorary freedom of the Fanmakers'
Company at Drapers' Hall (17th).— The Corporation expressed its gratification
at the announcement of the engagement of H.R.H. The Duke of Clarence and
Avondale, K.G., to Her Serene Highness The Princess Victoria Mary of Teck,
and voted the sum of 2,500 guineas for the purchase of a suitable wedding
present (17th).— Sir Thomas Chambers, O.C, the Recorder, died on the 24th.
Sir Thomas was bom in 1 814, at Hertford, which town he afterwards represented in Parliament,
being subsequently a member for the borough of Marylebone.
A fund amounting to ^3,231 was raised at the Mansion House for the
sufferers from the loss of H.M.S. "Serpent."— The final report of the Royal
Commission on Market Rights and Tolls was issued, the history of the London
markets, and of the rights and policy of the Corporation in relation thereto, being
fully discussed.— Shiplake Island, in the Thames (County of Oxford) was purchased
by the Corporation, to preserve it from being built upon.
Being beyond the 25 miles limit, a licence in mortmain was necessary, and the total cost of the
acquisition was ^836 12^. 8^. The island is largely used by camping-out parties, and is open to
bathers.
1892.
/■ S-i -Ss f Hr IP 373> 376, 378,
390, 391. 396-7> 403. 406, 420, 435
Adelaide, Queen, marriage, 147 ; visit
to Saxe-Meiningen, 173
Adelaide Place, lighted by electricity,
33S ; drinking fountain opened, 371
Ademuyiwa, Haastrup, Prince, attends
Co. Co., 437
Administration, public, corruption of,
136
Adolphus Frederick, Prince, birth, 44
Afghanistan, British success announced
at Guildhall banquet, 394
Africa, Central, commerce with, 316
Agram, relief fund, 338
Agricultural depression, 186, 325
Agricultural Exhibition, Mansion
House meeting, 315 ; donation by
Corporation, 316 ; opening 324
Agricultural Hall, Leather Trades Ex-
hibition, 347 ; Workmen's National
Exhibition, 425
Airey, Sir G. B. , City Freedom, 294-5
Aitken, Rev. W. H., holds services in
Guildhall, 318
Akerman, Mr., death, 82-3
Alabama claims, letter from Recorder,
284 ; settlement, 287
Albany, Duchess of. Corporation sym-
pathy, 366 ; lays foundation stone of
new schools, St. Bartholomew-the-
Great, Smithfield, 399
Albany, Duke of, entertained at Fish-
mongers' Hall, 360
Albert, Prince, marriage, 183 ; City
Freedom, 183 ; lays foundation stone
of new Royal Exchange, 185 ; opens
new Coal Exchange, 196 ; present at
Guildhall banquet, 200 ; opens Met.
Cattle Market, 207-8 ; visit to the
City, 224 ; opens Clothworkers' Hall,
224 ; death, 230 ; bust in Council
Chamber, 231 ; memorial window in
the Guildhall, 259, 266 ; statue on
Holborn ^'iaduct, 259, 276, 283, 288
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, birth,
185 ; opens Middle Temple Library,
230 ; Freedom of Fishmongers' Com-
pany, 234 ; City PVeedom, 235 ;
entertained at Guildhall, 235-6, 333,
378, 406, 416 ; Freedom of Mercers'
Company, 236 ; opens bazaar in the
Guildhall, 236 ; visits Christ's Hos-
pital, 238 ; Freedom of Clothworkers'
Company. 240 ; entertained at Fish-
mongers' Hall, 242, 360 ; lays founda-
tion stone of Bible House, 247 ;
entertained at the Mansion House,
247, 325, 391 ; entertained at Mercers'
Hall, 247 ; unveils Peabody statue,
260 ; visits Cowper .Street .Schools,
263 ; illness, 273 ; Thanks-giving
day for recovery, 273-4 ; medal to
commemorate recovery, 274 ; unveils
Prince Consort Memorial Statue,
288 ; opens new Merchant Taylors'
.School, 293-4; proposes estabhsh-
ment of National Training School of
Music, 296 ; returns from India,
300-1 ; opens Library in St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital, 323 ; laj-s
foundation stone of Central College
for Technical Education, 344 ; el.
Pres. of City and Guilds of London
Institute, 351 : unveils Rowland
Hill statue, 353 ; opens Bradford
Technical .School, 353 ; opens new
City of London School, 356 ; opens
Royal College of Music, 359 ; opens
Fisheries Exhibition, 360 ; opens
C. of L. College, 361 ; opens Vic-
toria Embankment, 365 ; appeals for
City and Guilds of London Institute,
366 ; opens South Kensington Tech-
nical Institute, 368-9 ; opens Birk-
beck Institution, 378 ; lays memorial
stone of Tower Bridge, 385 ; lays
foundation stone of People's Palace,
385 ; proposes to erect Imperial
Institute, 386 ; opens new Sion Col-
lege. 387-9 ; silver wedding cele-
brated, 396-7 ; letter of command to
LLL
442
Modern History of the City of London.
Hon. Artillery Company. 398-9 ;
opens City and S. London Electric
Railway, 412 ; opens New Cross
Technical Institute, 416 ; at St.
Bartholomew-lhe-Great, West Smith-
field, 428 ; lays memorial stone, St.
Eride Foundation Institute, 431 ;
opens Tower Bridge, 434
Albert Memorial, proposal to erect, 231
Albert Orphan Asylum, bazaar in
Guildhall, 249
Albert Victor, Prince, birth, 238 ;
coming of age, 373 ; City Freedom,
373i 378 ; commemorative medal
struck, 378 ; Freedom of Fish-
mongers' Company, 378 ; attends
opening of Birkbeck Institution, 378 ;
Freedom ol Goldsmiths' Company,
384 ; Freedom of Mercers' Company,
384 ; lays foundation stone of Ban-
croft's Schools, Woodford, 393 ;
engagement announced, 418 ; death,
418 ; proposed memorial window in
Guildhall, 418
Albion Colliery accident fund, 435
Alcester, Lord, Freedom of Cutlers'
Company, 358 ; civic honours to,
358-9
Alchin, W. T., el. City Librarian,
191 ; death, 241
Aldermanbury, fire in, 191
Aldermen, right to remove their
deputies, 91 ; financial qualification
increased, 133 ; time for election ex-
tended, 134 ; in 1823, lines on, 156;
proposed septennial election, 174
Aldermen, Court of, controversy with
Co. Co., 149
Aldersgate sold, 3
Aldersgate Street, fires in, 69, 332
Aldersgate Ward, presents window to
Guildhall Library, 279
Aldersgate Ward Schools, opened 225
Aldgate Churchyard planted with
flowers, 217
Aldgate slaughter-houses, proposed re-
moval of, 275-6
"Alert" officers entertained at Man-
sion House, 304
Alexandra, Princess, passes through the
City, 234-5 ; commemorative medal,
235 ; Corporation wedding gift, 235
Alexandra Palace rebuilt, 295 ; re-
opened, 307
Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh,
birth, 188 ; at Guildhall, 235 ; Free-
dom of Grocers' Company, 246 ;
Freedom of Merchant Taylors' Com-
pany, 247 ; at the Mansion House,
247 ; City Freedom, 247 ; at the
Guildhall, 249 ; attempt on life of,
255 ; Freedom of Coachmakers'
Company, 281 ; marriage, 289; Cor-
poration wedding present, 289 ; pre-
sides at Mansion House meeting for
Fisheries Exhibition, 352 ; enter-
tained at Fishmongers' Hall, 360 ;
attends funeral of Lord Mayor, 375
Algiers, Victory at, 144
Alhambra Theatre burnt. 356
Alice, Princess, birth, 186; death, 319
AUason, T., arch, of .Stock Exchange,
2o5
AUcroft, J. D., presentation to, 369 ;
resigns Treasurership of Christ's
Ho-spital, 413
Allen, killed in Wilkes riot, 26, 27
Allen, W. F., el. L.M., 253 ; death
307
Alleyne's College, Dulwich, new scheme
for, 277, 320
Allhallows Barking, open vestry estab-
lished, 129 ; church restored, 267
Allhallows, Bread Street, church de-
molished, 302 ; site sold, 315
Allhallows-the-Great, church partially
taken down, 304; site sold, 435;
screen and pulpit re-erected in St.
Margaret, Lothbury, 435
Allhallows-in-the-Wall, church de-
molished, 13 ; rebuilt, 23
Allhallows, Lombard Street, church
restored, 267 ; St. Dionis Backchurch
united with, 317 ; re-opened 331 ;
Blue-coat boys at, 331
Allhallows Staining, church falls
down, 7 ; demolished. 265 ; crypt of
Lambe's Chapel, erected in church-
yard, 285
Allies, City address on successes in
France, 139
Allon, Rev. Dr , at the Mansion House,
366
Alma, British Victory, 206
Almack's Coffee Hou.se, 24
Almon, John, publisher, death, 119-
120
Almshouses, London almshouses
founded at Brixton to celebrate
passing of Reform Bill, 169 ; new
l3uildings, 380 ; Rogers's, removed
to Brixton, 209, 218 ; Gresham
almshouses removed to Brixton,
345-6, 364
Alphage, St., London Wall, church
rebuilt, 54
Alston, Miss, presents windows to new
C. of L. School, 356
Althorp, ^'iscount. See Spencer, Earl
Altman, Sir A. J., knighted 435
Amalgamation of City and L.C.C.,
resolutions against, 425 ; Royal Com-
mission appointed to consider, 426 ;
report, 436-7
Amelia, Princess, birth, 69 ; death 72
America, North, and its fisheries, 4
American Colonies, dispute with, 46-8;
war with, 48, 49-50 ; public sub-
scription to carry on the war, 54 ;
prisoners in British gaols, 54
American War, King's determination
to prosecute, 63 ; cause of, 65 ; peace
concluded, 66-7 ; cost of, 66 ; peace
proclaimed at Royal Exchange, 70
American Stamp Act, repeal, 18
Amiens, Treaty of peace signed, 106
Anatolia Earthquake fund, 364
Anderson, Col., in command of Loyal
London Volunteers, no
Anderson, Sir John William, el. M.P.
for the City, 92, 107 ; supports
Ministers, 94; el. L. M., 95; created
a Baronet, 97 ; supports Income Tax
Bill, no ; introduces Bill for shorten-
ing term of apprenticeship, 11 7-8
.-Vnderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, rebuilt,
339
Animals, contagious diseases among,
Corporation inspectors, 263
Ann's, St., Blackfriars, parish bounda-
ries, 73
Anne, Queen, statue mutilated, 29 ;
statue replaced by replica, 371, 389
Ansley, John, el. L.M., 125
Anthony, Wm, last of the "Charlies,''
237
Antiquities found at the London Coffee
House, 99, 250 ; at London Bridge,
157, 161 ; at Royal Exchange, 185 ,
at Coal Exchange, 19S; at old Ex-
cise Office, 206; in London Wall,
254 ; in Bucklersbury, 259 ; at Safe
Deposit Company's premises, 286-7 ;
in Camomile Street, 303-4; at the
Tower, &c. , 339 ; in Seething Lane,
367; purchased by the Corporation,
242 ; discovery of Roman burial
ground, 186
Apothecaries, Act making examination
compulsory for, 142
Apothecaries' Company, barge, 121
Apprenticeship, Bill for shortening term,
117-8; revival, 395 ; Act of Co. Co.
to regulate, 403
Arbitration Court of, proposal to estab-
lish, 284 ; London Chamber of, 423
Arch;£ological Institute, congress at
Guildhall, 247
Architect, City, office combined with
surveyor, 394
Architectural style of modern City
buildings, 312
Argyll, Duke of, opens Scottish Hall,
Fleet Street, 335
Armenia, famine fund, 332-3 ; Mr.
Goschen's missson to Turkey respect-
ing, 345
Armitage, E., presents picture to Guild-
hall Art Gallery, 431
Armourers' and Braziers' Company in
L.M.'s procession, 5 ; Hall built, 184
Arms at the Tower, 136
Army, men for the Reserve, no ; pro-
motions corruptly bestowed, 129 ;
petition against flogging, 175
Arrest, protection of citizens from
illegal, 36-7
Artesian well for Artizans' Dwellings,
417-8
Arthur, Prince, Duke of Connaught,
birth, 197 ; at Guildhall, 266 ; enter-
tained at Guildhall, 270; City Free-
dom, 270 ; Freedom of Grocers'
Company, 275 ; Freedom of Haber-
dashers' Company, 284 ; opens
Haberdashers' Company's Schools at
Hoxton, 296 ; Freedom of the Fish-
mongers' Company, 301 ; marriage,
322 ; appointed Ranger of Epping
Forest, 329 ; visit toChingford, 336 ;
at opening of Epping Forest, 352 ;
attends Mansion House conference
to establish Royal College of Music,
Modern History of the City of London.
443
352 ; Freedom of Merchant Taylors'
Company, 360 ; at Fishmongers'
Hall, 360 ; opens Irish lace exhibi-
tion at Mansion House, 361 ; visit to
Epping Forest, 416 ; Freedom of
Saddlers' Company, 428
Artizans' Dwellings, in Farringdon
Road, built by Corporation, 237 ; Act
for improvement of, 293, 350 ; Golden
Lane scheme, 306, 316 ; resolution
of Co. Co. in support of, 364 ; Petti-
coat Square, buildings opened, 373 ;
Chatham Gardens, Hoxton, 378 ;
Seward Street, Goswell Road, 378 ;
artesian well for, 41 7-8
Artmasters' houses at Bridewell re-
moved, 89
Arundel Coffee House, Chartist Con-
vention at, 182
Ahia Minor Famine Fund, 293
Aske Charity, Hoxton School, 296 ;
Hatcham School, 298 ; Corporation
represented on, 287
Asphalte road-paving, 268
Assessed Taxes, proposal to increase, 96
Assessment of the City, 249 ; suc-
cessful appeal against L. C.C.'s revi-
sion, 414
Association for the Reform and
Codification of the Law of Nations,
at Guildhall, 326, 393-4
" Atalanta" Fund, 336
Atkins, John, el. M.P. for Citv, 137;
el. L.M., 148; death, 181
Atkinson, Christopher, sentenced to
pillory, 72 ; sentence reversed, 82
Atkinson, Aid. Richard, M.P., death,
71
Atlantic Cable completed, 247
Atlas Assurance Office built, 175
Attwood, Thomas, City Freedom, 169
Auchnmty, Sir Samuel, City Freedom,
125
Augusta Sophia, Princess, birth, 26
Augustus Frederick, Prince, birth, 42
Auriol, Rev. E., death, 335-6;
memorial window in St. Dunstan's-
in-the-West, 343
Austin Friars, old house in, demolished,
397 ; offices erected in, 407
Australian Cricketers entertained at
Mansion House, 336
Austria, war between France and, 222
Austria-Hungary, death of Crown
Prince, 403
Austrians, defeated at Austerlitz, 122
Auxiliary Bible Society formed, 136
Ayrton, Mr., lays foundation stone of
new General Post Office, 267
Bacon, John, sculptor, 81
Bacon, Mr., presents statue of Pr'nce
Consort to the Corporation, 259
Bagnio Street, re-named Bath .Street,
187
Baird, Sir David, City Freedom, 122
Baker, Rev. W., Head Master ot
Merchant Taylors' School, 267
Bakers, summonses against, 138
Bakers' Company, oppose Bill to abolish
the " Assize of Bread," 142
Bakers' Hall restored, 159
Balfour, Right Hon. A. J., Freedom of
the Grocers' Company, 399 ; Free-
dom of the iSIerchant Taylors'
Company, 419-20
Ball, G. M., death, 244
Ballard, Edward, bookseller, death, 91
Balloon ascent from Moorfields, 70
Ballot Act passed, 395
Ballot adopted at Municipal elections,
385
Baltic Coffee House, 191
Bancroft's School, Woodford, founda-
tion stone laid, 393
Bangor House sold, 160
Bank Holiday Act, 269
Bank of England, East and \N'est wings
built, 72 ; £^ notes first issued, 87 ;
Rotunda erected, 91 ; gold run on,
93 y £^ notes issued, 93 ; George
III visits, 99 ; Spanish prize,
specie deposited in, loo-i ; con-
tribution to cost of CornhiU pump,
101 ; amount of forged notes in
eleven years, 135 ; new coins issued
'jy> 137 i building completed, 161 ;
assets, 170; robbery from, 1S8;
Act providing for exchange of notes
for bullion, 189; structural addition,
195 ; drawing office erected, 196 ;
new process for printing bank notes,
208 ; critical financial condition, 213 ;
Bank Charter Act suspended, 213,
246; Indemnity Act passed, 213;
rise in the bank rate, 224, 246 ;
forgeries of the Bidwells and others,
285-6 ; Law Courts branch erected,
384. 407
Bankers, meeting at Mansion House,
to allay panic, 159
Bankes, .Sir Henry, not el. as L.M.,
27-8
Banks, stop payment, 159, 163 ;
country, limit to number of partners
removed, 159
Banks, Thomas, sculptor, last work of,
"9
Banstead Downs, Corporation assist in
preserving, 411, 43S
Barbadoes, fire at, 21
Barber Surgeons' Hall, theatre pulled
down, 69
Barbican, proposed new street from
Bishopsgate, 54; annual cattle show,
126 ; chapel demolished, 238
Barclay, Mr., George III and Queen in
Cheapside, at the house of, 5
Barclay's Brewery, 157
Baretti, trial at the Old Bailey, 29
Bargemen, L. M.'s State, pensions
granted, 215
Barges on the Thames, 49 ; City
Companies' at Nelson's funeral, 121 ;
"Maria AYood," built, 144, sold,
219, 224 ; navigation barge, 162 ; of
Corporation and Livery Companies,
sold, 214. See Lord i\Iayor's barge
Barham, Rev. R. H., death, 191
Baring, T. C. , unsuccessfully contests
City, 187 ; elected M.P. for City,
393
Baring Brothers, embarrassed position
of, 412
Barnard's Inn, Mercers' School re-
moved to, 436
Barnby, Sir Joseph, principal of Guild-
hall School of Music, 419
Barry, C, design for roofing Royal
E.xchange accepted, 357 ; designs
Adelaide Place drinking fountain, 371
Barry, J. W'., engineer of Tower Bridge,
380
Barry, James, painter, death, 122
Bartholomew Chapel, destroyed by fire,
167
Bartholomew Fair, 65, 144, 146, 183;
shows, etc., prohibited, 8 ; plays
forbidden, 51 ; motion to abolish,
97 ; rioting at, 137 ; restrictions as
to shows, 191 ; abolished, 208
Basing Lane removed, 206
Basket Makers' Company, livery
granted, 159
Bates, n., sculptor of frieze, in premises
of Chartered Accountants' Institute,
427-8
Bath Street, name changed from Bagnio
Street, 187 ; houses demolished in,
203
Baths and wash-houses, resolution in
favour of establishing, 210 ; petitions
in favour, 238
Baxter, Richard, house of, in Charter-
house Lane, 239
Beaconsfield, Lord, at L. M.'s banquet,
256, 303 ; register of baptism of, 146 ;
Metropolis Drainage Bill, 218;
Reform Bill, 220 ; entertained at
Merchant Taylors' Hall, 255 ; free-
dom of Merchant Taylors' Company,
290 ; vigorously supported by the
City, 313-4; City Freedom, 317;
speech at L..M.'s banquet, 31S ;
freedom of Grocers' Company, 325 ;
defends his foreign policy, 326 ;
death, 342 ; bust ordered by Corpo-
ration, 342 ; bust unveiled, 354-5
Beadles, annual payments to, 26 ;
appointed for the wards, 214
Bear tavern, .Southwark, pulled down, 7
Beating the bounds, 352, 376
Beatrice, Princess, birth, 210 ; at dedi-
cation of Epping Forest, 352 ; at
opening of new Law Courts, 355 ;
at Mansion House, 391 ; at People's
Palace, 391
Beaufoy, H. B. H., gift to Guildhall
Librar)', 197 ; founds scholarship at
C. of L. .School, 197; bust placed in
Council Chamber, 197
Beaumont, J. H. B , bequest of, 385
Bechuanaland frontier, Mansion House
meeting, 364
Beck, Joseph, death, 414
Beckford, William, M.P. for City, 3;
el. L. M., 9 ; again el., 28 ; Speech
to George III, 32-3 ; death, 33 ;
monument in Guildhall, 34, 40-I
Bedford, Francis, 4th Duke, house
damaged by rioters, 14
Beechcroft, .Samuel, reconstrucis Mer-
chant Taylors' Hall, 189
LLL 2
444
Modern History of the City of London.
Behnes, W., statue to Sir R. Peel,
208
Belcher, John, designs building for
Institute of Chartered Accountants,
427-8
Belgian Burgomasters at Mansion
House, 394, 398
Belgian Independence, fiftieth anni-
versary, 335
Belgian riflemen in London, 247 ; enter-
tained at Guildhall, 251
Belgians, King of the, reviews volun-
teers, 225 ; entertained at Mansion
House, 247, 262 ; visits Queen Vic-
toria, 262 ; Corporation address, 262,
376 ; Freedom of Turners' Company,
322 ; entertains L.M., 396
Belgium, Prince Baldwin of, death,
413
Bell, Mr., el. M.P., for the City, 257 ;
death, 258
Bell, Rev. G. C, appointed head mas-
ter at Marlborough College, 301
Bell Alley demolished, 407
Bell Savage Inn demolished, 288
Belleisle, Conquest of, 4
Bellingham, executed at Newgate,
136
Belt, R. , sculptor of Earl of Beacons-
field's bust, 355
Benefices. See Churches
Bengal Famine relief fund, 288
Bennett, Sir John, 260 ; el. Sher., 271 ;
knighted, 274 ; unsuccessfully con-
tests L.S.B., 287, 355 ; el. on L.S.B.,
303 ; el. Aid., 308 ; refused by Court
of Aldermen, 308-9 ; re-el. Aid.,
310 ; again refused, 311 ; third time
el. and refused, 311
Benson, Dr., admitted as Archbishop
of Canterbury, 357 ; at Mansion
House, 365 ; at Bartholomew-the-
Great, West Smithfield, 428
Bentinck, Lord William, presides at
dinner to Spanish and Portuguese
Ambassadors, 155
Beresford, Major-Gen., City Freedom,
122
Berlin Treaty, 345
Berry, Capt. , City Freedom, 97
Besley, E. T. E., candidate for Town
Clerkship, 285
Besley, Robert, el. L.M., 260
Bessemer, Sir H., City Freedom, 336
Bethlehem Hospital, under control of
Court of Aldermen, 22 ; fire at, 34 ;
Governors el. from the Co. Co., 68 ;
petition to Parliament for demolition,
108; number of lunatics in, 120 ;
proposal to remove, 122; demolished,
141 ; Hayes' legacy, 152; new site
obtained, 133 ; new building com-
pleted, 141 ; extension, i8i
Bethnal Green, weavers, 23-4 ; neglect
of poor of, 124 ; riot of silk weavers,
163
Bevan W. C. , founds Field Lane
Institute, 186
Bidwell, A. B. & G., Bank of England
forgeries, 285-6
Billingsgate Dock filled up, 194
Billingsgate Market, Act for better
regulation, 107 ; enlargement, 194 ;
re-built, 198 ; new construction of,
202 ; further enlargement, 267-9 !
foundation-stone laid, 291 ; progress
of construction, 296 ; opened, 309 ;
removal not agreed to, 323 ; fish
condemned, 340 ; scheme for
management, 345 ; fish shops erected
opposite, 401 ; fish lolls reduced,
435
Billingsgate Porters. See Fellowship
Porters
Binney, Rev. T. . farewell sermon, 268 ;
death, 288
Birch, Samuel, el. L. M. 141 ; opposes
Roman Catholic Relief Bill, 124 ;
lays foundation - stone of London
Institution, 142 ; death, 185
Birch, Thomas, death, 19
Birds imported from Sweden, 142
Birkbeck Bank, run upon, 422-3
Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institu-
tion, foundation stone laid, 359 ;
opened, 378 ; scheme for amalga-
mating C. of L. College with, 407
Bishopsgate, proposed new street from
Barbican, 54
Bishopsgate Institute, foundation-stone
laid, 428 ; opened, 437-8 ; cost of
building, 438 ; Board of Governors
appointed, 438
Bishopsgate Street, fire in, 16 ; Sir
Paul Pindar's house, 41 1-2
Bishopsgate Ward Schools, foundation
stone laid, 276
Bisley meeting, Corporation prize, 419
Black-ear, an animal in the Tower
menagerie, 7
Black Jemmy, leader of freshwater
pirates, captured, 43
Blackfriars, District Railway line from
Mansion House to, 260-1 ; manu-
facture of gas at, 283
Blackfriars Bridge, first stone laid, i ;
approaches, 15 ; funds for repairs,
22 ; opened, 28 ; particulars of
structure, 28-9 ; first called Pitt
Bridge, 29 ; toll-house burnt by
Gordon rioters, 60 ; Sunday tolls,
72 ; new approach, 73 ; traffic over,
134; paving, 144; cost of repairs,
172 ; repairs completed, 184 ; coins,
etc., found in foundation-stone, 266 ;
new designs for, 228 ; plans accepted,
233 ; first pile for temporary bridge
driven, 236 ; money raised for re-
building, 237 ; temporary foot-bridge
opened, 239 ; new, foundation-stone
laid, 243 ; opened, 261-2 ; medal
to commemorate opening, 262 ;
repaved, 326 ; lit by electricity,
338 .
Blackfriars Playhouse, site of, 34
Blacksmiths' Company, exhibition held
at Ironmongers' Hall, 403, 432
Blades, William, death, 409
Blagden, a carpenter, 3
Blagrave, A. E. , el. head-mistress of
C. of L. School for Girls, 433
Blake, William, painter, death, 163
Blakiston, Sir Matthew, sworn in as
L.M., I ; butler at George Ill's
coronation, 4
Blewitt's Buildings erected, 303
Bleyton's Charity, 378
Blind, Hayes' legacy for the, 152
Blomfield, Dr.. Bishop of London, 163;
memorial in St. Paul's, 256
Blomfield, Sir A. W., restores .St. Mary-
le-Bow Church, 328 ; designs Law
Courts branch of Bk. of England, 407
Blomfield, Rev. F. G., death, 322
Bloxam, Sir Matthew, death, 154
Blucher, Field- Marshal, presentation
sword from Corporation, 140
Boar's Head Tavern, demolished, 168 ;
sign preserved in Guildhall Mus. , 168
Boehm, Sir E. , sculptor, buried in St.
Paul's, 413
Bogle, A., action against the Times,
i8s
Bognor, Convalescent Home of Mer-
chant Taylors' Company, ojDened,
265
Bolt Court, Dr. Johnson's house, 70
Bonnewell, W. H., el. on L.S.B., 329 ;
loses seat, 355
Bonny, King of, at the Mansion House,
3-6
Bookbinders demand shorter hours, 74
Books, restriction of Universities' j^rivi-
lege to publish, 49
Booksellers, Bill to protect copyright
property of, 45 ; meeting to oppose
Seditious Libels Bill, 149-50
Bossy, Peter, punished in the pillory,
165
Boston, U.S.A., fire at, 278
Boston, Ancient and Hon. Artillery
Company of, visit to England, 393
Botany Bay, Newgate prisoners sent to,
73 .
Bounties offered to seamen by Co. Co. ,
74. 80, 83
Bouverie Street widened, 354
Bow Lane, proposal to build police
station in, 313
Bowcher, Frank, designs King of Den-
mark reception medal, 429
Bower, Benjamin, silver salver presented
by Corporation to, 283
Bowyers' Company, donation to City
and Guilds Institute, 351
Boyce, Dr. Wm., buried in St. Paul's
Cathedral, 56
Boydell, John, el. L.M., 80; death,
1 14 ; paintings presented to Corpo-
ration by, 385
Bradford, John, martyr, 263
Bradford Technical School, opened by
Prince and Princess of Wales, 353
Braidwood, Mr., Superintendent of
London Fire Brigade, death, 228 ;
testimonial fund raised, 229
Bramwell, Baron, puts down garotte
crimes, 233
Bramwell, F. J., el. vice-chairman of
associated Livery Companies, 308
Brand, J. A., el. Comptroller 324
Brand, Rev., John, death 122
Brander, .\lexander, death, 87
Modern History of the City of London.
445
Branding, public appeal against, 75
Brandon, \\'.. death, 390
Branscombe, Sir James, knighted, 125;
receives thanks of Corporation as
Sher., 125-6
Brazil, Emperor of, visits London, 270
Bread, price reduced, 14-15 ; scarce-
ness, 21-2 ; penalties for giving
short weight, loi ; Act to abolish
the assize of, 142
Bread Street, fires in, 204, 346
Breffit, Deputy, unsuccessfully contests
Aldermanry of Cheap, 310-31 1 ;
el. Aid., 311
Breweries, the eleven leading, 160
Brewers' Company, Hall repaired, 163 ;
new scheme for Lady Owen's
Charity, 297 ; schools erected at
Islington, 348
Brewhouses, number of, 2
Bridewell Hospital, Arch taken down,
15 ; managed by Court of Aldermen,
22 ; Common Councilmen appointed
as Governors, 68 ; attempt to abolish
Artmasters in, 89 ; broken into, 200;
City apprentices imprisoned in, 200 ;
Attorney-General's scheme adopted,
225 ; official inquiry into, 240 ; refusal
to receive a refractory apprentice,
255 ; Chapel, demolished, 273
Bridge House Estates Committee, re-
port on new London Bridge, 153;
funds in hand, 153
Bridge, necessity for, below London
Bridge, 299, 304-5, 318
Bridge Street, new sewer in, 88
Bridge Without, unsuccessful motion
to abolish office of Alderman of, 186
Bridgen, William, el. L.M., 12 ; death,
58
Bridgend Colliery Explosion Fund,
423
Bridges, Committeeappointed to abolish
tolls on, 265-6 ; Kew Bridge opened
free of toll, 281-2
Bridges, George, el. L.il., 149; el
M.P. for City, 150
Bridport, Lord, City Freedom, 90
Bright, Rt. Hon. John, entertained at
Mansion House, 229 ; death, 403
British and Foreign Bible Society,
instituted, 112; foundation-stone of
new building laid, 247 ; grant from
Corporation, I S3
British Australian Telegraph, inaugura-
tion dinner, 278
British commerce, Napoleon's decrees
against, 123
" British Leaf," sold as tea, 172
British Museum, portion of Liber Cits-
Himaritni discovered at, 227
British Orphan Asylum, bazaar in
Guildhall, 236
British Sea Fisheries, improvement,
372
British Woollen Industries, meeting at
the Mansion House, 351
Brixton, Rogers's Almshouses removed
to, 209, 218 ; Gresham Almshouses
removed to, 345-6, 364 ; new London
Almshouses opened at, 380
Broderers' Company, give scholarship
to C. of L. School, 290
Broke, Capt. P. B. V., City Freedom,
140
Brooke, James, Rajah of Sarawak, City
Freedom, 193
Brooke, Mr., resigns office of Sher.,
276
Brooks's Wharf, fire at, 301
Brougham, Lord, City Freedom, 152;
speech at L.M.'s banquet, 226 ; bust
in Guildhall, 256
Brown, Anthony, el. L. M. , 160
Brown, H., death, 203
Brown, Mary, preaches in Grub Street
Chapel, 156
Brunei, Sir I., constructs Thames
Tunnel, 157, 158
Brunswick, Duchess of, Cily Address,
125 ; visits Princess of Wales, 125
Brunswick Lunenberg, Prince of. City
Freedom, 15
Brunswick Theatre re-opened, 163
Brussels, L.M.'s visit to, 335 ; Muni-
cipal Council entertained at Mansion
House, 336 ; Corporation visit to,
376
Bubb, J. C. , sculjitor o( Pitt monument,
138
Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of,
opens Burnham Beeches, 362-3
Bucklersbury, Roman pavement dis-
covered in, 259 ; play-ground on roof
of a house in, 436
Budge Row to Old Change, proi^osed
new street, 112
Buenos Ayres captured, 122-3
Building Societies, failure of, 422-3
Bulgaria, Prince of, entertained at
Mansion House, 420
Bulgarian atrocities, meeting to de-
nounce, 302 ; Lord Beaconsfield's
speech, 303
Bull, Frederick, el. Sher., 38-9; el.
Ij. M., 43 ; nominated for re-election,
46 ; M.P., for City, 46, 62 ; supports
Lord George Gordon, 59
Bull and Mouth Hotel, demolished,
398
Bullock, Edward, el. Common .Serjeant,
197
Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, closed,
170; office of Keeper discontinued,
205 ; Corporation offer to accept care
of, 244 ; Act for preservation passed,
252 ; opened to the public, 261 ;
Defoe's monument unveiled, 266 ;
statue of Rev. J. Hughes unveiled,
295 ; alterations, 316
Bunning, J. B. , designs C. of L. School,
176; new Coal Exchange, 196 ; new
Billingsgate Market, 202 ; HoUoway
Prison, 202 ; Metropolitan Cattle
I\larket, 208 ; Inspector of Works
of Metropolitan Railway Company,
225 ; resigns office of City architect,
237
Burbury, Mrs., unsuccessfully contests
L.S.B., 287
Burdett, Sir Francis, committed to the
Tower, 132-3 ; released, 133
Burdett-Coutts, Baroness, opens Colum-
bia Market, 271 ; Freedom of the
City and the Turners' Company,
276 ; gift of Columbia Market to the
Corporation, 283 ; Columbia Market
re-transferred to, 290; presents bells
to St. Paul's, 312 ; Freedom of
Haberdashers' Company, 337 ; drives
first piles of Shadwell Fish iNIrkt.. 374
Burgess, Capt., monument unveiled,
108
Burglaries. See Robberies
Burgoyne, Sir J. F., Bart., City
P'reedom, 256
Burials Act, powers of the Corporation
under the, 202
Burke, Miss, Corporation sympathy
with, 352
Burnell, John, el. L.M., 74 ; death, 79
Burnett, R., Sher., knighted, 89
Burnham Beeches, purchased by Cor-
poration, 324, 362-3 ; opened to the
public, 333-5
Burt, George, Ex-Sher. , death, 432-3
Burton, H.. sentenced at Old IJailey.
376-7
Bushman, Joseph, death, i)},
Butcher Hall Lane, re-named King
Edward Street, 187
Butchers' Hall, destroyed by fire, 165 ;
re-built, 168 ; new, foundation stone
laid, 370 ; opened, 380
Bute, Lord, unpopularity of, 25
Butter, Irish, duty removed, 13
Buxton, E. N. and Sir T. F., present
an addition to Epping Forest, 405
Buxton, S., moves second reading of
Municipal Boroughs (Metropolis)
B[ll, 265
Byng, Geo., el. M.P. for Middlesex, 62
Byron, Lord, statue, 297
Cadell, Aid. Thomas, death, 108
Cfesar's Camp, ^\'imbledon, preservation
of, 278
Calder, Sir R., City Freedom, 95
Camberwell Public Baths opened, 423
Cambridge, Duche.'.s of, deaih, 403
Cambridge, Duke of, son of George III,
marriage, 147 ; City Freedom, 1S6
Cambridge, Duke of, son of the above.
City Freedom, 212 ; Freedom of
Fishmongers' Company, 236 ; enter-
tained at Guildhall, 333 ; entertained
at Fishmongers' Hall, 360 ; attends
L.M.'s funeral, 375 ; at the Guildhall,
37S ; at the Mansion House, 391 ;
opposes proposed removal of Christ's
Hospital, 435
Camden, Marquis, City Freedom, 150
Camomile Street, Roman remains dis-
covered in, 303-4
Canal,New,proposed by James Sharp, 44
Canal Boats' Act, administered by Port
Sanitary Committee, 313 ; Corpora-
tion, the local authority under, 395
Canning, Earl, author of inscription on
Pitt's Monument in Guildhall, 138 ;
Prime Minister, 160-I; City Freedom,
232; bust placed in Guildhall, 232,
238
446
Modern History of the City of London.
Cannon Street, suggestions for widen-
ing, 112; widened, 192, 206;
houses erected in, 226
Cannon Street Foot Bridge, Corpora-
tion decline to take charge of, 310;
opened free to the public, 310 ;
closed, 319
Cannon Street Hotel, unsuccessful
meeting against the Beaconstield
Government, 313-4 ; mass meeting
of Thames watermen at, 319; meet-
ing against " Re-distribution of Seats
Bill," 373 ; meeting to consider con-
dition of the Navy, 375-6
Cannon Street terminus opened, 248
Cape, telegraphic communication open-
ed with, 329
Capital punishment, petition for miti-
gation of laws relating to, 165
" Captain " fund, donation by Corpora-
tion, 266
Carden, Sir Robert, el. L. M., 212;
clears the streets of hawkers, 218;
special constables sworn in by, 253-4 ;
bust ordered for Guildhall, 379 ;
compliment paid by Queen Victoria
to, 391 ; created a Baronet, 391 ;
death, 396
Carlile, Richard, republishes Paine's
"Age of Reason," 149; sells blas-
phemous publications, 154
Carlile, Rev. W. inducted into church
of St. Mary-at-Hill, 416
Carlyle, Thomas, permission to search
the City's records granted to, 188
Carmelite Monastery, Daily News office
built on site of, 332
Carnarvon, Earl of, opens Cutlers' Com-
pany's exhibition, 323 ; inaugurates
City Constitutional Clab, 366
Carnot, President, assassinated, 434
Caroline, Princess, afterwards Queen,
address of Corporation on the wrongs
of, 138 ; charges made against, 151 ;
entertained by Mr. Alderman Wood,
151 ; presents her portrait to the
Corporation, 151 j funeral procession,
Caroline Matilda, Princess, marr. , 21
Carpenter, John, founder of C. of L.
School, 176; bequest, 176-7 ; statue
in C. of L. School, 188
Carpenters' Company, silver medal for
Liverymen, 39 ; mural paintings dis-
covered in the old Hall, 121 ; dona-
tion for technical education, 385 ;
foundation-stone of new Hall laid,
302 ; Hall opened, 338 ; woodwork
exhibition held in the Hall, 368
Carr, Henry, archt. of Salters' Hall,
161
Carr, Ibbetson & Co., silk mercers, 15
Carroll, Sir George, el. L.M., 192;
death, 226
Carroll's Lottery Office, Cornhill, des-
troyed by fire, 148
Cars drawn by men, abolition of, 44
Carter. John, el. L.^L, 222-3; death,
315
Carts, licensing of, 181
Cass, Sir John, Charity of, 280
Cassell, Petter cS: Galpin, new offices
constructed for, 298
Castle Baynard Wharf, 317
Cateaton Street, renamed Gresham
Street, 191
Catholic Emancipation, petition against,
118, 163. See also Religious disabi-
lities, Roman Catholics
Cato Street conspirators executed,
150
Cattle, regulations of, in the City, 3. 73 ;
disease, steps taken by the Corpora-
tion to prevent, 243 ; compensation
fund for sufferers by, 243 ; Royal
Commission upon, 244 ; day of
humiliation appointed for, 245 ; for-
eign. Corporation appointed local
authority, 263
Cattle Market. See Deptford, Islington,
Paddington, Smilhfield
Cattle Show in Barbican, 126
Causton, Aid. Joseph, knighted, 262 ;
death, 269
Cavagnari, Sir P. L. , bust presented to
Christ's Hospital, 351
Cave, T., sued for services at Shrievalty
election, 253
Cavendish, Lady, letter of sympathy
from Corporation, 352
Cavendish, Lord I'rederick, assas-
sinated, 352
Cavendish, Lord John, resignation as
Minister, 66
Caxton Celebration Fund, 306
Caxton Loan Exhibition, 306
Cazenove, Philip, presents portrait of
Peabody to the Corporation, 241
Census returnsof the City, 134, 139, 153,
228, 249 ; of day population refused,
336 ; prepared by Corporation, 341,
350. 414
Central Criminal Court established,
173 ; list of judges, 173
Central Fish Market. See Smithfield
Fish Market
Central London Railway Bill approved,
420
Central Railway Terminus proposed,
200
Chadwick, J., death, 219
Challis, Thomas, el. L.M., 202 ; death,
290
Chamber of Commerce. See London
Chamber of Commerce
Chamberlain's Emolument Fund
abohshed, 217
Chamberlain's house, Guildhall, fire
at, 72
Chambers, Sir Thomas, el. Common
Serjeant, 210 ; knighted, 274 ; el.
Recorder, 315 ; death, 418
Chancery Lane widened, loi
'Change, the leading men on, 191
Chapel Royal, Royal marriage at, 4
Chapter Coffee House, subscription to
reduce price of provisions, 40 ; a
resort of literary men, 120 ; closed,
204-5
Chapter House, alterations, 382
Charing Cross, proclamation read at, I
Charing Cross Bridge, opened, 318
Charities, amount distributed annually
by City Companies, 120; protest
against proposed tax on, 325
Charity Children at St. Paul's, 171, 269
Charity Commissioners, scheme for St.
Bride's Parochial Charities, 297 ;
scheme for Colfe's Charity, 299 ;
scheme for School atTonbridge, 315;
scheme for Dulwich College, 320 ;
scheme for Dean Clarke's Charity,
320 ; scheme for Christ's Hospital,
335 ; scheme for re-organization of
Christ's Hospital, 374 ; new scheme
for Parochial Charities, 406
Charles I, statue in Guildhall Museum,
381
Charleston earthquake fund, 389
Charlewood, B. , Sher. , death, 19
Charley, SirW. T., el. Com. Serj., 315 ;
resigns office, 422
"Charlies," death of W. Anthony, the
last of the, 237
Charlotte, Princess, marriage, 4
Charlotte, Princess, birth, 91 ; marriage
143 ; death, 146 ; portrait presented
by Queen Caroline to the Corporation,
Charlotte Augusta, Princess, birth, 21 ;
marriage, 94-5
Chartered Gas Company, 241
Charterhouse, Rev. Dr. Currey elected
Master, 268 ; Canon Elwyn elected
Master, 378
Charterhouse School, removed to
Godalming, 260
Charterhou.se Street, new road from
Smithfield to, 295-6
Chartist demonstration, 194 ; head-
quarters, 182; procession, 182
Chatham, Earl of, City thanks to, 33 ;
death, 55 ; monument in Guildhall,
55
Chatham Gardens, Hoxton, Ariizans'
dwellings in, 378
Chatham Place, house of Brass Crosby
in, 83
Chatterton, Thomas, death, 35
Cheapside, robberies in, 124 ; Act for
enlarging, 142 ; fire in, 204 ; Peel
statue unveiled, 208 ; footways
asphalted, 302 ; improvements in,
330 ; lit by electricity, 338
" Cherry Tree " Inn, demolished, 159
Cheshire, cotton famine in, 231-2
Chicago Fire fund, 170
Child's Bank demolished, 339
Child's Place, erected, 74 ; demolished,
339
Chilian loan, 159
Chimney sweepers. May day procession,
105-6 ; employment of children as,
183
China, treaty of peace with, 191 ; mis-
sion of Earl of Elgin to, 228
China Famine relief fund, 407
Chingford Manor, waste lands pur-
chased for Epping P'orest, 303 ; visit
of Duke and Duchess of Connaught,
336
Chingford, new road at, 314
Chios Earthquake relief fund, 356
Modern History of the City of London.
447
Chitty, Sir Thomas, L. M., attends
Privy Council, i
Cholera in London, 168-9, 247, 270 ;
precautions taken against, 195, 426
Christ Church, Newgate Street, lithe
question, 316; Tithes Commutation
Bill rejected, 317 ; restoration, 336
Christian VII. See Denmark, King of
Christian, Prince, attends meeting to
establish Royal College of Music,
352; at Mansion House, 391 ; at the
Inner Temple, 265 ; at opening of
new Law Courts, 355 ; opens Em-
broidery Exhibition at Mansion
House, 361
Christ's Hospital, seniorscholar'saddress
to George III, 5 ; managed by Court
of Aldermen, 22 ; building at Hertford
finished, 67-8 ; Act for re-building,
107 ; Hetherington's charities for the
blind at, 148; Hayes' legacy, 152;
bread and beer for breakfast dis-
continued, 157; new Plall opened,
163 ; new entrance in Newgate
Street, 170 ; iron gates erected, 173 ;
scholarships, 185 ; Queen Victoria's
visit, 190 ; President to be elected
from Court of Aldermen, 205 ;
addition to the grounds, 208 ; visit
of the Prince of Wales, 238 ; visit of
Patriarch of Syria and Bishop of
Jerusalem, 291 ; lecture by Ruskin
at, 300; Rev. R. Lee el. Head
Master, 301 ; suicide of a boy at,
308 ; Royal Inquiry Commission,
308; report issued, 310-II ; Good
Friday custom, 331 ; new scheme for,
335^ 374; Ijust of Sir P. L. Cavagnari
presented to, 351 ; scheme for recon-
struction, 413 ; design for school at
Horsham, 427 ; closed for sanitary
improvements, 431 ; re-opened, 433;
proposed removal, 435
Church, Very Rev. R. W., installed
Dean of St. Paul's, 271 ; death, 412
Church, The, and Trade Unions, 322
Church House, inauguration, 387
Church of England Sunday School
Institute, removes to Serjeants' Inn,
340
Churches, number in London, 139;
fund for building, 147, 176; reports
of the R.I.B.A. on demolition of,
307 ; report Pari, return on working
of Union of Benefices Act, 322 ;
statistics of attendances at, 343 ;
Bill for app. of City Benefices Com-
missioners, 352 ; opposed by Corpora-
tion, 353. See also Union of Benefices
Act
Churchill, Lord R., at opening of City
Conservative Club, 366
Churchill " Home," Finsbury Street,
opened, 384
Churchyards, City, improvements in,
216-7
Cider Act opposed by Corporation,
lO-II
Cintra, Convention of, 127-8
Citizens protected from illegal arrest,
36-7
City, ruri-decanal division, 239 ; plan
for re-constructing, 245-6 ; over-
crowded state, 246 ; rateable value.
436
City and Guilds of London Institute,
first lecture, 328-9 ; proposed site at
South Kensington, 332 ; donations of
the Corporation to, 332, 366, 390,
406, 436 ; registered under Limited
Liability Companies Act, 332 ;
Drapers' Company's donation in-
creased, 340 ; foundation-stone laid
of Central College, 344 ; Central
College opened, 368-9 ; Prince of
\Vales el. President, 351 ; meeting at
Mercers' Hall, 351 ; donations of the
City Companies, 365, 366
City and Spitalfields School of Art, 2S7
City Bank, ThreadneedleStreet, erected,
210
City barge on the Thames, 49
City Canal purchased by West India
Dock Company, 165
City Carlton Club, foundation - stone
laid, 317 ; opened, 329
City Conservative Club opened, 366
City Constitutional Club inaugurated,
366 ; inaugural banquet, 369
City gates removed, 2 ; sold, 3
City Hunt in Epping P'orest, 126
City Kitchen, Corporation donation to,
192
City Liberal Club, foundation - stone
laid, 301 ; unsuccessful meeting to
oppose the Beaconsfield Government,
313-4 ; Mr. Goschen entertained by
345
City Marshals, sale of office, 38; dispute
as to right of electing, 68 ; report on
duties of, 201
City men, portraits of, 158
City of London Cemetery laid out, 202 ;
consecrated, 213
City of London Club erected, 172
City of London College, origin of, 195 ;
meeting held for establishing, 230 ;
new building, 350 ; opened, 361 ;
proposed amalgamation with Birkbeck
Institute, 407
City of London Court, business of
Sheriffs' Courts for the Compters
transferred to, 202 ; dispute as to
seal, 254; formerly called the Sheriffs'
Court, 254 ; new building for, 382,
393 ; foundation - stone laid, 395 ;
opened, 401 ; continuous sittings held,
407
City of London Gas Light and Coke
Company, incorporated, 147 ; extent
of its business, 167 ; Act for per-
petual incorporation, 223 ; report on,
241 ; amalgamation, 263-4
City of London Industrial School,
established, 274-5
City of London Lunatic Asylum, site
selected at S tone, 219; plans approved
by Home Secretary, 228 ; opened,
246 ; enlarged, 284 ; hospital erected
in grounds, 312
City of London Municipal Elections
Amendment Act passed, 254
City of London School, Act for establish-
i'lg, 173 ; foundation-stone laid, 174 ;
Rev. Dr. Giles el. Head Master, 176 ;
opened, 176; medal to commemorate
opening, 176; scholarships at, 185;
statue to John Carpenter in, 188 ;
Tegg scholarship, 192 ; Beaufoy
scholarship, 197 ; Lambert Jones
scholarship, 204 ; Tite scholarship,
2ig ; Afasterman scholarship, 219 ;
Rothschild scholarship, 219 ; bust of
Aid. Salomons in, 223 ; cleeds of endow-
ment enrolled in Court of Husting,
228 ; Rev. Dr. Mortimer resigns
Head Mastership, 241 ; Rev. E. A.
Abbott el. Head Master, 243 ; petition
to remove disqualification of scholars,
245 ; Mortimer ilemorial prizes, 275 ;
.Sassoon scholarship, 285 ; .Saddlers'
scholarship, 289, 304 ; Broderers'
scholarship, 290 ; removed to Thames
Embankment, 318 ; sale of old
building and site, 360-1 ; Salters'
exhibitions, 326 ; new building, 325 ;
foundation-stone laid, 336 ; opened,
356 ; proposed classical and com-
mercial divisions, 400 ; retirement of
Dr. Abbott, 403 ; A. T. I'ollard, el.
Headmaster, 407
City of London .School for Girls, W.
Ward's bequest, 350 ; site chosen,
409 ; Miss Blagrave el. headmistress,
433 ; school opened, 436
City of London Society of Artists, ex-
hibition at Skinners' Hall, 331 ;
exhibition at Guildhall, 367-8
City of London Tavern. See London
Tavern
City of London Union amalgamated,
259 ; new offices in Bartholomew
Close, 275 ; Queen's Jubilee cele-
brated, 390; conference on vagrancy,
402 ; successful protest against re-
vised assessments, 414 ; proposed
reduction in number of Guardians,
433. See also Poor, West London
Union
City of London \\'orking Classes In-
dustrial Exhibition at Guildhall, 244 ;
prizes distributed, 246
City offices obtained by purchase, 3
City Parochial Charities, enquiry into,
305 ; Royal Commissioners' report,
331-2 ; parishes' scheme for manage-
ment of, 343 ; Parochial Charities
Act, 361 ; Charity Commissioners'
scheme, 406 ; City Parochial Founda-
tion established, 414-15
City Polytechnic, scheme for, 407
City Press first started, 21 1 ; offices de-
stroyed by fire, 332
City Prison Committee, Holloway
Prison handed over to, 201-2
City Railway Terminus, Pearson's
scheme, 201 ; at Farringdon Street
proposed, 204
City Road opened, 4
City Road Wesleyan Chapel, centenary
services, 318; destroyed by fire, 329
City Sceptre used at Coronation of
George IV, 153
448
Modern History of the City of London.
City School of Art classes transferred
to Finsbury Technical College, 35 1
City Solicitor, salary substituted for
emoluments, 234
City Stone-yard removed to Worship
Street, 238
City Temple, site purchased, 281 ;
pulpit presented byCorporation, 281 ;
opened, 289 ; Wycliffe quincentenary
celebrated, 315
City Theatre, failure of, 167
Clark, Richard, el. L.M., 70; el.
Chamberlain, 96
ClarVe, Henry, el. L.C.C., 402
Clarke Charity, scheme for, 320
Clarkson, Thomas, City Freedom, 180
Clay Cross Colliery disaster, 364
Clerkenwell Green, petition for new
road from, to Fleet Market, 119
Clerkenwell Parish, proposed annexa-
tion to the City Unions, 252-3
Clerkenwell Prison, Fenian outrage,
254 ; relief fund, 254 ; Fenian
prisoners guarded, 255
Clerkenwell Sessions House. See
Sessions House
Clifton, E. N., architect of Gresham
House, 208
Cline, Mr., residence in New Bond
Street, 99
Clink Prison, Borough, broken into by
Gordon rioters, 60
Cloak Lane, widened, 372 ; memorial
of St. John-the-Baptist Church,
unveiled, 376 ; police station built,
382
Clock-dials, transparent, in use, 160
Clockmakers' Company, livery in-
creased, 161 ; deposit their library
and museum in Guildhall Library,
282 ; collection of watches presented
by Rev. H. L. Nelthropp to, 436
Cloisters, a passage from King Street
into Smithfield, demolished, 199
Cloth Fair, West Smithfield, 142 ; fire
in, 412
Clothworkers' Company, new hall
opened, 224 ; Prince of Wales
receives Freedom, 240 ; scheme for
Technical Education, 283 ; erect
church at Islington, 285 ; scholar-
ships to University College, Bristol,
300 ; school in the Isle of Man, 308 ;
present bell to St. Paul's, 313;
Right Hon. W. E. Forsler presented
with Freedom, 316 ; establish
Bradford Technical School, 353 ;
donation for technical education, 385
Clowes, J. L., death, 290
Clyde, Lord, City Freedom, 219, 226 ;
Freedom of Merchant Taylors' and
Skinners' Companies, 226
Coachmakers' Company, Hall re-built,
185 ; foundation-stone laid, 265 ;
Freedom to Duke of Edinburgh,
281 ; exhibition at Mansion House,
323 ; Freedom to Capt. Sir E. M.
Shaw, 417
Coal and Wine dues, grant renewed to
Corporation, 23; further renewal, 229,
233 ; agitation in favour of renewal.
215 ; petition for continuance of, 318;
Government resolve to abolish, 386 ;
Bill for continuance rejected, 390 ;
finally abolished, 404, 411
Coal Exchange, Act for rebuilding, 192;
foundation-stone laid, 193 ; Roman
remains discovered, 195 ; opened,
196 ; medal to commemorate open-
ing, 196
Coal Meter's Office sold, 3, 26, 48
Coals, quantity imported into London,
9 ; imported by the Corporation for
benefit of the poor, 2i ; petition
against short weight, 21 ; merchants
fined for short measure, 24 ; Coal-
heavers' strike, 24, 419; Coal-heavers*
and Sailors' dispute, 25 ; dealers'
combination, 71 ; extent of trade in
London, 1 1 1 ; Act to establish a free
market for, III; Corporation petition
for repeal of duty on sea-borne coal,
166 ; new trade regulations, 168 ;
coal-ships inspected by the Cor-
poration, 276
Cobbler of Cripplegate, 7
Cobden, Richard, visits Corn Exchange,
186-7 ; speech against war loans,
196 ; City Freedom, 224 ; entertained
at Mansion House, 229 ; bust placed
in Guildhall Council Chamber, 242
Cock and Woolpack Tavern, Finch
Lane, 275
Cock Lane Ghost, 7-8
Cock Tavern, proposed removal, 250 ;
houses on Fleet Street froniage,
demolished, 354 ; site sold, 360 ;
demolished, 384
Cock Tavern, Royal Exchange, de-
molished, 184
Cockburn, Chief Justice, City Freedom,
300 ; on attendance of judges at St.
Paul's, 307
Cockerell, C. R. , architect of London
and Westminster Bank, 181 ; of Sun
Fire and Life Office, 186 ; of
additions to Bank of England, 195
Cochrane, Lord, City Freedom, 122 ;
sentenced to the pillory, 140
Cocks, throwing at, on Shrove Tues-
day, prohibited, 29
Coffee Houses in the City, 191
Cogers, Ancient Society of, anniversary
dinner, 223
Cohen, the blind fiddler, death, 227
Cohen, A., the City harpist, death, 432
Cohen, B. L. , el. on L.C.C., 402
Coinage removed from Tower to the
Mint, 134; new pieces issued by the
Bank, 137 ; refusal to accept worn
coins, 144 ; issue of new silver coin-
age, 145 ; fourpenny-pieces, 175
Colborne, Sir John, City Freedom, 183
Coleman Street School, dinner to school
children at, 150
Colet, Dr. John, founder of St. Paul's
School, 369
Colfe Charity, new scheme for, 299
College Hill, Mercers' School removed
to, 129 ; removed from, 436
Collier, Richard, founder of Horsham
Grammar School, 422
CoUingwood, Lord, City Freedom, 119;
buried in St. Paul's, 134
Colonial and Indian Exhibition, guaran-
tee of ;^lo,ooo by Corporation, 383 ;
opened by Queen Victoria, 384
Colonial and Indian representatives at
St. Paul's, 383, 384-5 ; reception at
Guildhall, 383, 385 ; medal struck to
commemorate, 385
Colonial Life Office, site sold, 238
Colonial warehouses in Mincing Lane,
226
Columbia Market, Bethnal Green,
transferred to Corporation, 271 ;
tramway to connect with G. E.R. ,
278 ; re-transferred to Baroness
Burdett-Coutts, 290
Combe, Harvey Christian, el. M. P. for
City, 92, 107, 123, 125, 137; motion
to dismiss ministers, 94 ; unsuccess-
ful candidate as L. M., 99 ; el. L.M.,
100 ; carriage drawn by populace,
103, 105 ; visits Paris, 107-8 ; pro-
tests against Income Tax Bill, 1 10 ;
resigns City representation, 145-6
Commerce, address against restrictions
on, 136. See also yia\\o{ Commerce,
London Chamber of Commerce
Commercial depression, 186, 213, 322,
326, 412
Commercial panic, 246
Commercial Road constructed, 117
Committee and Commissioners of
Sewers, women declared competent
to serve on, 75 ; excellence of City
drainage, 193 ; Commission consti-
tuted, 194 ; expenditure on City
street improvements, 403-4 ; state-
ment presented to Royal Commission,
430. See also Sewers, Streets
Committees. See London, Corpora-
tion of
Common Council, regulations for cattle
3 ; dispute with Court of Aldermen,
149 ; support Government in their
policy in China, 210
Common Councilmen, mode of election,
183, 214 ; official costume, 194
Common crier, salary of office reduced,
217
Common Hall, specially summoned, 63,
94, loi, 107, 131, 132, 133, 138, 143,
145, 151, 165, 167, 169, 177, 230,
276, 436 ; petition of livery on
present state of national grievances,
27-8 ; summoned to discuss violation
of freedom of election, 29, 38 ;
petition to dissolve Parliament, 30 ;
L.M.'s right to summon disputed,
40; censure on L.M. Nash for not
summoning Common Hall, 41 ;
certain Companies forbid their mem-
bers to attend, 43 ; liverymen not
bound to attend, 43 ; screen erected
at elections, 44 ; protest against
holding, 65 ; rights of livery declared,
94 ; right to approach the Sovereign
in person disputed, 132 ; protests
against Corporation Reform Bill,
223 ; resolution respecting the elec-
tion of L.M., 362
Modern History of the City of London.
449
Common Hunt, office abolished, 297
Commons. See Open spaces
Commons, House of, condemns terms
of City petition, 30-1 ; arrests printers
for printing debates, 35-6 ; dispute
with the Corporation, 182-3
Companies, public, floated in the City,
159, 176
Companies. See Livery Companies
Compters, prisoners released from the,
4 ; broken into by Gordon rioters,
60. See also (iiltspur Street, Poultry,
Wood Street, Compters
Conder, Aid. Edward, death, 241
Conquest, Dr., death, 249
Constantinople Fire Fund, 265
' '"Constellation,"' newly invented vessel,
'35,
Constitutional Association, established,
151
Convention between Britain and Spain
signed, 80
Convention of Cintra, 127-S
Conveyances, Public, improvements in,
226
Conway, ICate, murder of, 400
Cooke, George, City Freedom, 3 ; el.
M.P. for the City, 26
Cooks' Company, Hall burnt down, 39;
4th centenary, 354
Cookson, Major, presents bowl to Cor-
poration, 107
Cooper, Sir Astley, residence in New
Broad Street, 99
Cooper, Jane, suicide of, 186
Cooper's Row, almshouses demol., 230
Coopers' Hall, .State Lottery drawn
at, 126, 160 ; rebuilt, 258
Cope, John, trial at Guildhall, 2
Copeland, William Taylor, el. L.^L,I74;
death, 255
Copyright Act, privileges of, taken from
Sion College, 176
Cordwainers' Hall, foundation ■ stone
laid, 74
Corn, free importation permitted, 24,40;
refused, i86 ; Bill restricting importa-
tion opposed by Corporation, 141 ;
exportation prohibited, 25, 40
Corn and Salt Porters. See Fellow-
ship Porters.
Corn Exchange, Mark Lane, pillory at,
72 ; new, opened, 163 ; meeting in
support of Lord Beaconsfield's policy,
314
Corn (actors, Mr. Pitt's consultation
with, 78-9
Corn Meter's Office sold, 26
Cornhill, housfes destroyed by fire, 16 ;
pump erected, loi
Cornwallis, Lord, command in the
East Indies, 82 ; City Freedom, 85 ;
thanks of Corporation to, 113
Corporation Buildings, Farringdon
Road, additional block added, 326
Corrie, William, el. Remembrancer,238 ;
resignation, 316; death, 341
Cotton, Admiral, victory over Russian
fleet, 127
Cotton, W.J. R. , presents window for the
Guildhall, 266-7 ; el. on L.S.B.,
267, 287, 303 ; el. M.P. for the
City, 288, 331 ; el. L.M., 298;
candidate as M.P. for City, 382;
el. Chamberlain, 419
Cotton famine (Lancashire) fund,
231-2 ; window for Guildhall,
presented by the operatives, 256
Cotton's Wharf, fire at, 228-9
Coulsdon Common, purchased by the
Corporation, 355 ; opened to the
public, 360 ; use granted for military
purposes, 400
Counter's Creek, Hammersmith, pro-
posed enlargement, 157
County and Municipality of London,
Bill, 293
County of London Bill, 264
Court-Leet, held in Southwark, 225-6
Court mourning, shortened period for,
24
Court of Reconcilement, proposal to
establish, 284, 344
Courts of Justice. See Royal Courts
of Justice
Courvoisier executed at Newgate, 184
Cowan, John, el. L.M., 178
Cowper Street School, charter for
founding, 244 ; memorial stone laid,
258 ; visit of Prince and Princess of
Wales, 263 ; new hall opened, 285 ;
lecture on technical education at,
328-9
Cox, Lord Justice, house destroyed by
Gordon rioters, 60
Cradock, Thomas, suicide of, 75
Cranbrook, Viscount, Freedom of
Merchant Taylors' Company, 332 ;
at opening of City Conservative
Club, 366
Crawford, H. H.,el. City Solicitor, 375 ;
appointed on Royal Amalgamation
Commission, 426 ; withdraws, 431-2
Crawford, R. W., el. M.P. for the
City, 210, 222, 243, 257, death, 406
Crawford, W., el. M.P. for the City,
172, 174, 177
Crime, increase of, 163, 165
Crimean War ended, 209
Criminal Statutes, abridgment of, 163
Cripplegate sold, 2
Cripplegate church repaired, 233
Cripplegate Institute, memorial stone
laid, 435
Croly, Rev. Dr., death, 226
Crosby, Brass, el. L. M. ,34; maintains
rights of citizens, 35-7 > summoned
to the House of C, 36 ; annuls
arrest on warrant not backed by a
City magistrate, 36 ; coach drawn by
the crowd, 36 ; committed to the
Tower, 36 ; expensesduring imprison-
ment paid by Co. Co., 36-7 ; has
distinguished visitors at the Tower,
37 ; released, 37 ; presentation of
plate to, 39 ; death, 83-4
Crosby Hall leased as a workshop, 168 ;
restoration, 175-6 ; C. of L. College
established at, 195 ; opened as a
restaurant, 258
Crosby Plall Literary Institute, 186
Crosley, C. D., knighted, 207
Crowder, John, el. L. M., 164
Crown, Royal, made by Messrs.
Rundell and I3ridge, 152
Crown and Anchor tavern, 126
Crystal Palace, stones of Gerard's Hall
Crypt presented to, 202 ; Tin-plate
Workers' Company's exhibition, 316;
.Sunday School Centenary, 333 ;
floral gift of Paris Municipal Council
to the L. M. exhibited at, 337
Cubitt, J., design for Blackfriars Bridge
accepted, 233, 261-2
Cubitt, William, el. L. M., 226;
candidate for City M.P., 229 ; re-el.
L.M., 230; resigns his gown, 233;
death, 233
Cumberland, Henry Frederick, Duke
of. City Freedom, 23 ; at Mansion
House, 24
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke
of, death, 17
Curriers' Company, memorial stone of
new hall laid, 283 ; donation towards
Technical Education, 351
Curtis, Sir William, el. M.P. for the
City,8o, 92, 107,123, 125,137,150; el.
L.M., 90 ; entertainment at Mansion
House on birthday of, 91 ; fines him-
self five shillings, 93 ; opposes motion
for dismissal of Ministers, 94 ; created
a Baronet, 108 ; proposes City cele-
bration of George Ill's jubilee, 131 ;
death, 163
Custom House, destroyed by fire,
139-40 ; new building, 146 ; founda-
tions insecure, 159
Customs' Department, meeting to urge
reform, 200
Cutlers' Company, exhibition in hall of,
323 ; present Freedom to Lord
Alcester, 358
Dacre, Lady, founder of Emanuel
Hospital, 269
Dacres, Sir R. J. , late Constable of the
Tower, 389
Daily News Office, site of, 332
Daily Universal Register, first issued,
Dakin, ilessrs. , premises of, in Ludgate
Hill purchased, 414
Dakin, Thomas, el. L. M. , 266 ; death,
404
Dale, Rev. T. P., rector of .St. Vedast,
dispute with churchwardens, 293 ;
suspended by Court of Arches, 303 ;
prosecuted for ritualistic practices,
320 ; prohibited from performing
clerical duty, 331 ; imprisoned, 337 ;
rector of Sansthorp, Lincolnshire,
338
Damer, Hon. JMrs. , presents bust of
Nelson to Corporation, 99
Dance, George, estimate for repaving
roads and footways, 18; reconstructs
interior of St. Bartholomew-the-Less,
79
Daniels, J. E., charged with fraud, 124
Danish gravestone discovered, 204-5
Datchelor charily, scheme approved,
269-70
MMM
450
Modern History of the City of London.
Daugars, Rev. G. G., pastor of French
Church, St. Martin.s's-le-Grand, 223
Davenport, Rev. G., appointed Wild
lecturer at St. Olave Old Jewry, 381
Davis & Emanuel, Messrs., archts. of C.
of L. School, 356
Davis, Thomas, alias "Old Simon,"
a vagrant, 73
Dead bodies, punishment for stealing,
54
Dean's Court, house over the entrance
to, demolished, 431
Debt, execution of distraints for, 70 ;
imprisonment for, abolished, 266
Debtors, release of, 4
Deceased wife's sister, marr. with, 245
Defoe, Daniel, monument in Bunhill
Fields, 266
De Jersey, Deputy H., presentation to,
246 ; el. Secondary, 273
De Keyser, Sir Polydore, el. Aid.,
352-3; el. L.M., 394; addresses of
congratulation to, 394-5 ; visit to
Brussels, 396 ; State visit to Belgium,
400 ; entertains French Ambassador,
408 ; resigns Aldermanic gown, 420
Dellow, Mr., 135
Delolme, J. L., 75
Denman, Thomas, Lord, City Freedom,
152; el. Common Serjeant, 154;
el. Lord Chief Justice, 170; thanks
Corporation for address to the Queen,
197
Denmark, Christian VII, King of,
marriage, 21 ; visit to the Tower, 25 ;
Freedom of Fishmongers' Company,
26 ; City address to, 26
Denmark, Christian IX, King of, at
Mansion House, 25-6 ; golden
wedding, 420 ; entertained at Guild-
hall. 429 ; medal to commemorate, 429
Denmark, Crown Prince of, at Mansion
House, 391
Denton Hospital, extension of, 423
Deptford Cattle Market, 263, 267 ;
opened, 273; improvements in, 326;
additions to, 338-9 ; cattle-boat pur-
chased, 349 ; tire, 362 ; shed works
erected, 385 ; chill rooms constructed,
398, 412, 439
Deptford Railway constructed, 176
Deptford victualling yard, 71
Deputy, right of an Aid. to remove his,
91
Deputy Day Oyster Meters, offices re-
purchased by Corporation, 310
Derby, Edward Geoffrey, 14th Earl of,
entertained at Mansion House, 236 ;
death, 261 ; bust ordered by Cor-
poration, 261
Derby, Edward Henry, 15th Earl of.
Freedom of Merchant Taylors' Com-
pany, 290 ; at Merchant Taylors'
Hall, 308
Derry Bridge, Irish Society at opening
of, 237
Despard, Colonel, executed for con-
spiracy, 108
" Destructor " for burning refuse, 372
Devil Tavern, lectures held at, 49;
Child's Place built on site of, 74
Devonshire Square Chapel built, 165 ;
closed, 268
Dibbs, Hon. G. R., Freedom of
Turners' Company, 422
Dighton, Richard, City portraits, 158
Dilkes, \V. T., City Freedom, 134
Dilly, Charles, bookseller, death, 125
Dimsdale, Sir J. C. , knighted, 435 ;
opens West India House, 435
Dimsdale, Kay, dispute with Saddlers'
Company, settled, 236
Dingley's sawmill burnt, 24-5
" Discovery " officers at Mansion
House, 304
D'Israeli. See Beaconsfield
Dissenters not compelled to serve as
Sheriff, 8-9
Distillers' Company and trade, 46
Distress, general, 143
District Railway continued to Cannon
Street, 267
Dixon, Samuel, death, 175
Dock Strike ended, 406
Dockwra, penny post established liy, 87
Doctors Commons sold, 233 ; Library
sold, 228
Dodd, Rev. W. executed, 52
Doghouse Bar demolished, 4
Dolly's Chop House, demolished, 364
Domville, William, el. L. M., 139;
created a Baronet, 140; death, 170-1
Dr. Johnson's Buildings, 220
Drainage, extent and cost of City
Sewers, 193, 219 ; Metropolitan
Main, 218 ; visit of inspection by
Corporation, 240 ; mephitic gases
from, 218. See Commissioners of
Sewers, Metropolitan Board of
Works
Drake, Adm. Sir F., memorial fund
started, 354
Drake, Sir Francis Samuel, City Free-
dom, 66
Drapers' Company, Hall burnt, 40 ;
freedom to Dr. R. Price, 49 ; barge,
1 2 1 , 1 62 ; Almshouses atTwickenham,
230 ; at Tottenham, 234 ; alterations
to Hall, 248 ; present window to St.
Paul's, 258 ; entertain M. de Lesseps,
266 ; present bells to St. Paul's, 312;
Fanmakers' Company's exhibition at
Hall, 316 ;scholarshipsforL,S.B., 322;
donation to City and Guilds Institute
increased, 340; munificent donations
for technical education at People's
Palace, 385 ; celebrate Queen's
Jubilee, 392 ; Bancroft's School at
Woodford, 393 ; Technical Schools
at People's Palace, 401 ; Lady C.
Schreiber at Hall, 418 ; Technical
Schools at Nottingham opened, 425
Drapers' Gardens, offices erected in, 407
Drovers, Act for licensing, 45
Drury Lane Theatre, attempt on George
Ill's fife, loi
Dublin, Freedom presented to L. M.
Knill, 425 ; thanks to L. M. of, 428
Duckworth, Sir Thomas, City Freedom,
122
Dudley, Robert, Earl of Northumber-
land, 430
Dufferin and A\a, Marquis of. City
Freedom, 405
Duke, James, el. L.M., 194 ; created a
Baronet, 196 ; el. M.P. for City, 196,
201, 210, 222 ; death, 284
Duke's Place Synagogue, dedication, 21 ;
sold by Corporation, 284
Dulwich College, new scheme for, 277
Duncan, Viscount, defeats Dutch Fleet,
95 ; City Freedom, 95
Dundas, Gen., monument in St. Paul's,
119
Dunning, John, City Freedom, 34
Durham Yard, Common Hall's protest
concerning, 38 ; Corporation's right
over river bed at, 39
Dutch Church, Austin Friars, restored,
244; Library deposited in the
Guildhall Library, 328
Dutch Fleet defeated by Adm. Duncan,
95 ; victory over, ichd
Duverdier, M. Bonnet, entertained at
Mansion House, 307
Dyers' Company, new hall built, 35 ;
Hall re-built, 184, 214 ; swans kept
by, 173- 313
Dynamiters in London, 372, 373 ; sen-
tenced at Old Bailey, 376-7
Eamer, Sir John, knighted, 89 ; rioters
dispersed by, 103 ; el. L.M., 105 ;
hoax played on, 148; death, 155-6;
portrait at Guildhall, 156
F.amer, Miss, 106
Early Closing Association, 237
East and West London Unions amalga-
mated, 259
East End volunteers reviewed in Hyde
Park, no
East India Compy., loi ; lock-up house,
23 ; Regulation Bill dismissed, 69 ;
entertains Persian Ambassador, 132;
new Bill affecting, 138 ; political power
transferred to Crown, 218; last court
held as Governors of India, 218
F'ast India Docks, opened, 80; Bill
passed, 117
East India House, extension, loi, 105 ;
attempt to assassinate Mr. Loch at,
177 ; sold and demolished, 228
East Indies, victories in the, 82
East Smithfield, proposed new street
to, 112
Eastcheap, improvements in, 181 ;
widened, 330, 346, 369, 370
Easton, suicide of, in St. Paul's
Cathedral, 412
Eaton, D., bookseller, placed in the
pillory, 136
Ecuador earthquakes relief fund, 256
Edkins, R. P., City Freedom, 194
Education, public neglect of, 193 ;
middle-class, scheme for, 244; (Ele-
mentary) Act passed, 266. See
Technical Education
Edward VI, statue in Guildhall
Museum, 381
Edward, Prince, of Teck, birth, 435
Egypt, Viceroy of, entertained at
Mansion House, 233, 251 ; Cor-
poration address to, 251-2
Modern History of the City of London.
451
Egypt cholera fund, 362
Egyptian bondholders, meeting at
Cannon Street Hotel, 303
Egyptian Refugees Relief Fund,
353
Egyptian War Fund, 355
Elcho, Lord, County and Municipality
of London Bill, 293 ; proposes reso-
lution in favour of one Municipality,
301
Elcho Shield, placed in Guildhall,
266
Elections, violation of freedom of, 29-
30, 32, 34 ; Bill for regulating, 200 ;
Election Act Amendment Bill, 249 ;
municipal, ballot adopted at, 385 ;
Parliamentary, 3, 26, 47, 62, 69, 80,
92, 107, 123, 125, 137, 147, 150,
159, 165, 167, 170, 174, 177, 184,
187, 193, 201, 210, 222, 243, 257,
288, 331, 381-2 ; number of City re-
presentatives reduced, 373-4 ; Ward,
petition to adopt Parliamentary
franchise for, 249. See also Common
Hall
Electric Lighting, introduced in the
City, 315 ; experiments in, 319 ;
progress, 338, 382, 403 ; main
thoroughfares lighted, 408 : City to
be permanently lighted, 413-4 ; Col.
Haywood's report on, 322 ; expense
of experiments, 355 ; introduced at
Liverpool Street Station, 336
Electric Railway, opened, 412
Electric Telegraph Act, 192
"Elephant " Tavern demolished, 160
Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of. City
Freedom, 222 ; entertained at Man-
sion Plouse, 228
Eliza, Princess, marriage, 147
Elizabeth, Queen, statue removed from
Ludgate, 21 ; statue in new Royal
Exchange, 189
Elizabeth, Princess, birth, 32
Elizabeth Fry Refuge, 192
Ellis, Sir J. Whil taker, el. L.M., 348 ;
created a Baronet, 353 ; bust of, pre-
sented to Lady Ellis, 364
Elwyn, Canon, el. Master of the
Charterhouse, 378
Ely House, purchased by the Treasury,
41
Emanuel Hospital, number of pen-
sioners increased, 87 ; new scheme,
269-270, 283-4, 433 ; Westminster
site sold, 423
Embroidery Exhibition at the Mansion
House, 361
Emery, the actor, memorial tablet in
St. Andrew's, Holborn, 154
Emigration Fund started, 356
F^ndowed Schools Commission, scheme
for Emanuel Hospital, 269 - 270,
283-4, 433 ; scheme for Dulwich
College, 277 ; scheme for Cass's
Charity, 280 ; scheme for Lady
Owen's Charity, 297 ; scheme for
Lady Holies' School at Hackney,
309-10
England and Spain, disturbances
between, 35
Epping Forest, City Hunt on Easter
Monday, 126; Corporation's right to
hunt in, 297 ; efforts of the Cor-
poration to preserve, 269, 270, 279 ;
Corporation suit to prevent further
enclosures, 270, 272 ; Act to prevent
further enclosures, 270 ; historical
account of, 272 ; revival of the
" Swain mote," 272 ; meeting of the
verderers, 272 ; Master of the Rolls'
judgment, 291 ; visit of Corporation
to, 297 ; Commissioners' final report,
307 ; new road to Chingford Station,
314 ; Corporation appointed Con-
servators, 316 ; Act passed, 316,
335 ; Act for dis-afforesting, 317 ;
proceedings before arbitrator, 320,
322-3; Duke of Connaught appointed
ranger, 329 ; privilege of Loughton
householders to lop, 330 ; compensa-
tion paid them, 338 ; dedicated to
public use by the Queen, 352 ; arbi-
trator's final award, 354; "Oak Hall
Enclosure " at Theydon Bois added,
405 ; Higham's Park added, 416
Ernest Augustus, Prince, birth, 38
Esdaile, Sir J., nominated for L. M. ,
46; el. L. M., 53; refuses to put
motion in Common Hall, 55
Espartero, General, Corporation address
to, 187
Essex Agricultural Society, show at
Waltham Abbey, 373 ; donation of
Corporation to, 373
Essex earthquake relief fund, 367
Eugenie Empress, thanks to Corpora-
tion for medal, 215 ; Corporation
address to, 324
Evans, Sir David, el. L. M., 417 ;
created ICC. ALG., 422 ; opens Welsh
National Eisteddfod, 422
Evans, William, imprisoned, 182-3 ;
plate presented by Corporation to,
183
Exchequer Chamber, Sheriffs summoned
in person to the, 92
Excise Bills, petition to Parliament
against, 79
Excise Office, erected, 23, 29 ; re-
moved to Somerset House, 195; site
sold, 205 ; Roman remains found
at, 206
Exeter fire relief fund, 395
Exhibitions, of 185 1, 197; opened, 200;
medal awarded to Corporation, 201 ;
of 1862, opened, 231. See also
Caxton; Fisheries, Health, Naval,
Paris, Working Classes, Workmen's
Exmouth, Lord, victory at Algiers,
144 ; City Freedom, 145
Eyemouth fishermen relief fund, 348
Eyre, Governor, enquiry into conduct
of, 244
Eyre, Sir James, el. Recorder, 11 ;
requested to resign, 34 ; appointed
Baron of Exchequer, 41 ; appointed
Chief Baron, 73 ; death, 100
Eyre Almshouses, removed, 432
Factory Helpers' Union, prizes dis-
tributed at Mansion House, 427
Fanmakers' Company, exhibition at
Drapers' Hall, 316; livery increased,
321 ; freedom to Lady C. Schreiber,
418
Farebrother, Charles, el. L. M., 172
Farncomb, Thomas, el. L. M., 196;
death, 244
Farriers' Company, action against
tradesmen, 16 ; registration of
Farriers, 409
Farringdon Fruit Market, opened, 160,
164 ; site sold, 419
Farringdon Road, construction of, 210
Farringdon Street, improvements, 191
Farringdon Without Ward, window in
Guildhall presented by, 264
Farthing Downs, purchased by the Cor-
poration, 355 ; opened to the public,
360
Fellowship Porters, Bill to reduce num-
ber of Rulers. 227 ; Corporation's right
to control, 382 ; rules amended, 386;
offices seized by the memb?rs, 430 ;
F'ellowship disbanded, 432 ; site of
Hall sold, 435
Fenchurch Street, improvements in,
290; Elizabethan house in, 312;
widened, 361
Fenchurch Street Station, stationary
engines discontinued, 196 ; Roman
remains discovered at, 339
Fenians, outrage in Clerkenwell, 253 ;
Corporation address to the (^ueen,
254 ; in Newgate Prison, 255
Penning, Deputy, death, 240
Ferguson, J., death, 51
Ferndale Colliery Disaster Fund, 253
Ferries, first boat launched on Thames,
299 ; application to allow steam
ferries, 363
Fetter Lane widened, 185
Field Lane Institution, established, 1S6
Field Lane Night Refuge, established,
201
Fielding, Sir John, organises horse
patrol, 12 ; and Gordon rioters, 60
Fife, Duke of, marriage, 406
Financial panic, 159, 175; depression,
246, 412
Finnis, T. Q., el. L. M., 210; death. 364
Finsbury Chapel, jubilee celebrated. 300
Finsbury Circus, preservation as an
oi^en space, 291
Finsbury Estate funds, 217
Finsbury Technical College, donation
of Drapers' Company, 340 ; founda-
tion-stone laid, 342-3 ; classes of City
School of Art transferred to, 351
Fire, invention for protection of houses,
51 ; hydrants provided by Corpora-
lion, 296, 300 ; additional protection
for the City, 318-9 ; Bill for better
protection from, 356
Fire-engine, first on scene of fire re-
warded, 41
Fire-escapes to be provided in each
parish, 45 ; rewards to first on scene
of fire, 49
Firth, J. F. B., Municipality of London
Bill, 333 ; el. Deputy Chairman of
L.C.C., 402
MMM 2
452
Modern History of the City of London.
Fish, Act for reducing price, 8 ; sale
encouraged, 25 ; restrictions on sale
repealed, 107 ; destruction of con-
demned fish, 340 ; supply, report on,
344 ; Corporation enquiry, report,
344-5
Fish markets. See Billingsgate, Colum-
bia, Shadwell, Smithfield
Fish Trade Association, 348
F'isheries Exhibition, preliminary meet-
ing, 352 ; Corporation assistance to,
357 ; opened, 360
Fishermen, relief to, 24
Fishermen's Company's Hall, destroyed
by fire, 3
Fishmongers' Company take part in
L. M.'s procession, 5; Freedom to
King of Denmark, 26 ; F'reedom to
Gen. Sir Chas. Grey and Admiral
Sir J. Jarvis, 89 ; barge, 121 ; Hall
erected, 172 ; Prince of Wales,
admitted to Freedom, 234 ; Free-
dom to Duke of Cambridge, 236 ;
entertain Garibaldi, 239 ; enter-
tain Prince of Wales, 242 ;
entertain Sultan of Zanzibar, 296 ;
Freedom to Duke of Connaught,
301 ; Shipwrights' Company's ex-
hibition in Hall, 308 ; Freedom to
Marquis of Hartington, 310 ; enter-
tain Earl Granville, Mr. Lowe and
Lord Shaftesbury, 310; present bell
to St. Paul's, 312-13 ; Freedom to
Sir F. Roberts, 338 ; Royalty enter-
tained by, 360 ; sell their Irish
property, 374 ; Freedom to Prince
Albert Victor, 378 ; donation to
technical education, 385 ; Freedom
to Sir C. Tupper, 385 ; celebrate
Queen's Jubilee, 392 ; Freedom to Rt.
Hon. G. J. Goschen, 396; Freedom
to Mr. H. M. Stanley, 409
Fleet Ditch covered over, 15 ; deaths
from immersion in, 23 ; houses on
site of, 73
Fleet Market, proposed road from, to
Clerkenwell Green, 119
Fleet marriages. Act to abolish, 46 ;
register books sent to Somerset
House, 153
Fleet Prison, prisoners released, 4 ; riot
in, 40; contraband goods in, 55;
broken into by Gordon rioters, 60 ;
rebuilt, 66 ; escape of prisoner from,
82 ; advertised to let, 83 ; Wardens
receive rents from shops in Westmins-
ter Hall, 155 ; purchased by Corpora-
tion, 190; demolished, 190; hospital
tent erected on site of, 196; site sold,
238 ; Memorial Hall built on, 275
Fleet Sewer, fall of a portion, 232
Fleet Street, reading rooms in, 99 ;
waxworks in, 199 ; demolition of
ancient houses in, 312, 354 ; lit by
electricity, 382
Fletcher, Rev. A., Minister of Finsbury
Chapel, death, 225
Flour, price of. 138. i'^e a/jo Provisions
Flower, Sir Charles, disperses rioters,
103 ; el. L. M. , 128 ; created a
Baronet, 131 ; death, 174
Fludyer, Sir Samuel, unsuccessfully
contests City, 3 ; el. L.M., 5
Foley, J. H., sculptor, death, 290
Food, importation restricted, 191 ; high
price of, 245. See also Provisions
Ford, Rev. Brownlow, Chaplain of
Newgate, 99
F'ord, E. O., sculptor of Sir R. Hill's
statue, 353 ; presents statue of Sir
Henry Irving to Corporation, 412
Fore Street, old houses demolished, 330
Foreign Cattle Market. See Deptford
Cattle Market
Forgery, petition to abolish capital
punishment for, 163
Forster, Rt. Hon. W. E., Freedom of
Clothworkers' Company, 316; speech
on Bechuanaland frontier question,
,364
Foster & Co. 's premises in Bread Street,
fire at, 346, 356
Founders' Hall rebuilt, 191, 313
Fourpenny-pieces, issue of, 175
Fowler, C. , architect of Wax Chandlers'
Hall, 202
Fowler, Sir R. N., Bart., unsuccess-
fully contests City, 243 ; lays founda-
tion-stone of City Carlton Club,
317; el. M.P. for City, 331, 381;
el. L.M., 362; re-el. L.M., 375;
presides at inauguration of City
Constitutional Club, 369 ; Freedom
of Grocers' Company, 371 ; opposes
Re-distribution of Seats Bill, 373-4 ;
created Knight Commander of the
Royal Order of Leopold, 376 ;
presentation to 377 ; created a
baronet, 378 ; opens new building of
St. Ann's Society, 379 ; preaches in
City Temple, 380; death, 415 ; bust
in Guildhall Art Gallery, 4:5
Fox, Rt. Hon. C. J., carriage windows
broken by mob, 36 ; resigns office,
66 ; announces terms of Peace, 67 ;
his East India Company's Bill thrown
out, 69
Fox, W. J., death, 239
Fox & Knot Schools, new premises
opened, 276
France, peace with, 9 ; importation of
silks from, prohibited, 20 ; Fleet de-
feated, 66 ; negotiations for peace
with, 66-7 ; declares war with Great
Britain and Holland, 83 ; Howe's
victory over French Fleet, 86 ; ne-
gotiations for peace with, 92 ; money
raised for the war with, 92-3, 96 ;
attempts to land trooj^s in Pembroke,
93 ; naval victory over, 95 ; war with,
96-7 ; Fleet destroyed by Nelson,
97 ; Napoleon's appeal for peace,
lOI ; army defeated by Abercromby,
104 ; prepares to invade Great
Britain, 105 ; preliminaries of peace
signed, 105 ; Treaty of Peace signed,
106 ; victory over Fleet, by Saumarez,
108 ; war declared with, 109 ; patriotic
fund to carry on war with, no ;
threatened invasion by 118-I19 ;
victory of Trafalgar, 119; Sir J.
Stuart's victory, 122 ; unites Europe
against CJreat Britain, 126- 7 ; defeat
in Portugal by \\'ellesley, 127 ; allies
plant their standard in, 139 ; end of
the war, 140; peace proclaimed, 140 ;
army defeated by the English, 142 ;
persecution of Protestants in 142 ;
inundations relief fund, 209-10, 296;
war with Austria, 222 ; exchange of
municipal courtesies between London
and Paris, 271, 295, 296-7
Franchise of Livery, Bill for abolishing,
414
Francis 11, Emperor of Germany,
British aid to, 93
Francis, attack on Queen Victoria, 186
Franco-German War, wounded relief
fund, 266
Franklin, Sir John, fate ascertained,
223
Franklin, Lady, letter of condolence
from Corporation to, 223
Eraser, Col. Sir James, el. Commisioner
of City Police, 236; created C.B.,
262; created K.C.B., 382; resigns
office of Commissioner, 410 ; death.
420
Frederick, Emperor of Germany, mar-
riage, 214 ; resolution of sympathy
on death of, 399
Freedom of the City, Jews admitted
to, 68, 161-2; declined by Prince
Regent, 134; declined by Andrew
Stevenson, 179-80 ; corporate officers
ordered to take up, 174; fee increased,
410 ; distinguished recipients : —
Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 100; Adams,
W., 102; Airy, Sir G. B., 294-5;
Albert, Prince Consort, 183 ; Albert
Edward, Prince of Wales, 235 ; Albert
Victor of Wales, Prince, 378; Alfred,
Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 247 ;
Arthur, Prince, 270 ; Attwood,
Thomas, 169 ; Auchrauty. Sir Samuel,
125 ; Baird, Gen. Sir David, 122 ;
Beaconsfield, Earl of, 317; Beresford,
Major-Gen., 122; Berry, Capt., 97;
Bessemer, Sir H., 336; Bridport,
Lord, 90; Broke, Capt. P. B. V.,
140 ; Brooke, James, Rajah of
Sarawak, 193 ; Brougham, Attorney-
General, 152 ; Burdett - Coutts,
Baroness, 276; Burgoyne, Sir J. F.,
Bart., 256; Calder, Sir R., 95;
Cambridge, Duke of (1842), 186;
Cambridge, Duke of (1857), 212 ;
Camden, Marquis, 150 ; Canning,
Earl, 232 ; Clarkson, Thomas, 180 ;
Clyde, Baron, 219, 226 ; Cobden,
Richard, 224 ; Cochrane, Lord, 122 ;
Cockburn, Sir A. J. E, , 300 ; Col-
borne, Sir John, 183 ; CoUingwood,
Lord, 119; Denman, Thomas,
Solicitor-General, 152 ; Dilkes, W. T.,
134; Duckworth, Sir Thomas, 122;
Dufferin and Ava, Marquis of, 405 ;
Duncan, Viscount, 95 ; Edkins, R. P.,
194 ; Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of,
222 ; Exmouth, Lord, 145 ; Frere,
Sir Bartle, 289 ; Garibaldi, 238-9 ;
Prince George of Wales, 405 ;
Gilbert, Sir John, 426-7, 430 ;
Modern History of the City of London.
453
Gloucester, Duke of, 143 ; Gough,
Lord Viscounl, 192, 197; Graham,
Sir Thomas, 134 ; Grant, General,
308; Grey, Gen. Sir C, 89; Grey,
Earl, 169; Hamilton, Sir E., 102;
Hardinge, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry, 192 ;
Hardy, Capt. Masterman, 121 ;
Hardy, Sir Thomas, 127 ; Harting-
ton. Marquis of, 398; Hill, Lt.-Gen.
Sir Rowland, 140; Hill, Sir Rowland,
320 ; Howe, Lord, 92 ; Hume,
Joseph, 154; Hutchinson, Sir J. H.,
105 ; Jarvis, Adm. Sir J., 89 ;
Jeejeebhoy, Sir Jamsetjee, 206-7,
240; Jenner, Dr., 108; Jung, Sir
Salar, 302; Keith, Lord, 105; Kent,
Duke of, 143 ; Lawrence, Sir John,
222 ; Layard, A. H. , 205 ; Lesseps,
M. Ferdinand de, 265; Lidderdale.W.,
415 ; Livingstone, Dr. David, 210-
II ; Louis, Lord, 122 ; Luniley, Hon.
William, 125; Lushington, Dr., 152;
Lyons. Sir Edmund, 209; M'Clintock,
Capt. F. L., 223 ; Milne, Sir David,
145; Mitchell, Vice-Adm. Andrew,
100; Mortimer, Rev. G. F. W., 194;
Napier, Sir Charles, 184 ; Napier,
Sir Robert, 255 ; Nelson, Lord, 94 ;
Northesk, Lord, 119 ; Nott, Sir
William, 189: Onslow, Sir R., 95 ;
Outram, Sir James, 219, 226 ; Farker,
Rear Adm., 94; Peabody, George,
232; Peel, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert, 163;
Phillips, Sir Thomas, 183 ; Pollock,
Sir George, 192; Popham, Sir FTome,
122, 126 ; Pottinger, .Sir Henry, 191 ;
Roberts, SirF.,340; Rogers, William,
126 ; Ross, Capt., 172 ; Russell, Lord
John, 167 ; .Sale, Sir Robert Henry,
189 ; Salisbury, Marquis of. 317 ;
Sassoon, Sir A. D., 284-5 I Saumarez,
Sir J., 108 ; Saxe Coburg, Duke of,
143 ; Shaftesbury, Earl of, 368 ;
Smith, Sir C. F., 184 ; Smith, Sir
H. G. S., 192; Smith, Sir W. S.,
100, 105 ; Spencer. Earl, 169 ;
Stanley, H. M., 389; Stirling, Rear
Admiral, 125 ; Stopford, Sir R. 184 ;
Strachan, Sir Robert, 119; Stuart,
.Sir John, 122, 126 ; Susse.x, Duke of,
143 ; Thompson, Vice-Adm., 94 ;
Waldegrave, Vice-Adm. , 94; Wardle,
Gen. G. L.. 129, 132 ; Warren, Adm.
Sir J. B., 97 ; Wellington, Duke of,
134, 141 ; Williams, Sir G., 433 ;
Williams, Sir W. ¥., 210 ; Wolseley,
Sir Garnet, 289
Freeman's Place erected, 191
Freemen, Chamberlain's registers of,
burnt, 72 ; claim exemption from
tolls, 78, 117
Freemen's Almshouses, Brixton, me-
morial stone laid, 372
Freemen's Orphan School, Act for
erecting, 198-9 ; freehold of London
Workhouse purchased, 199 ; regula-
tions, 204; enlarged, 234; Queen's
Jubilee celebrated, 390
French, G. R., death, 348
French Commercial Treaty, 229
French Protestant Church removed to
St. Marlin's-Ie-Grand, 188; pastor
re-instated, 223 ; new scheme for
charities, 252 ; church demolished,
398
French Revolution, effects of, in
F'.ngland, 82, 85
Frere, Sir B. , mission for suppression
of slave trade, 277 ; City Freedom,
289; monument in St. Paul's, 396
Friday Street, tire in, 204
Frosts. See Thames
F'roude, J. A., application to consult
City's records, 220-2
Fruit, toll upon, 55
Fruit and vegetable market. See
Farringdon, Smithiield
Fruit Meter, duties of, 228 ; place re-
purchased, 220
Fruit Shifter, duties of, performed by
Fruit Meter, 228
Fruiterers' Company, exhibition at
Guildhall, 412
Fry, Deputy, death, 385
Fry. Mrs., visits female prisoners in
Newgate, 148
Fulton, Sir J. F. , el. Common Serjeant,
423 ; knighted, 423
Furnival's Inn, rebuilt, 151 ; sold, 205
Fuseli, Henry, painter, buried in St.
Paul's, 159
Gabriel, .Sir Thomas, el. L. M., 249;
created a baronet, 252 ; death, 414
Gambetta, Leon, death, 357
Garde de Paris, band at Mansion
House, 268
Garfield, President, assassination of,
344
Garibaldi, invasion of Italy by, 225 ;
City Freedom, 238-9 ; entertained by
Fishmongers' Company, 239 ; death,
353
Garotte crimes, severe punishment for,
233
Garralt, John, el. L. M., 157 ; lays first
stone of new London Bridge, 158
Garraway's Coffee-house, 191 ; auction
at, 14 ; demolished, 280
Garrick, David, grave of, 70
Garway, Thomas, original proprietor
of Garraway's Coffee-house, 280
Gas, first introduced, 125, 156, 167 ;
increase in price of, 2I30, 283 ; report
on, 241 ; manufactured at Black-
friars, 283, 332
Gas and Water Committee of the Cor-
poration, 280
Gas Companies, City, amalgamation of,
263-4 ; Bill for regulation of, 296
Gas Light and Coke Company,
premises in Tudor Street, 354 ;
amalgamation, 263-4 ; application
to increase price of gas, 283
Gates. See City gates
George II, death, i
George III, accession, I ; coronation, 4;
marriage, 4; at Guildhall banquet, 5 ;
portrait painted for the Corporation , 7 ;
statue in Royal Exchange, 13; birth-
day honours, 20 ; treatment of civic
deputations, 30-31, 35 ; caricatures
of, 35 ; attempted assassination
of, 72 ; requests the House of C. to
discharge his debts, 52-3 ; illness
of, 75, 112, 133-4; public thanks-
giving for recovery, 76-8 ; fired at
on his return from Parliament, 90 ;
shot at by a madman, lOI ; con-
spiracy of Col. Despard against,
108 ; illuminations on 70th birthday,
127 ; 50th anniversary of accession,
131 ; failing eyesight, 131 ; statue
in Guildhall, 141 ; death, 150
George IV, birth 9 ; appointed Capt.-
Gen. of Hon. Artillery Company,
18; attains his niajoiity, 69; mar-
riage, 88 ; at Mansion Hotse, 106 ;
Prince Regent declines City Freedom,
134; accession to the throne, 150;
dispute with Queen Caroline, 151 ;
coronation, 152; death, 165
George, Prince, Duke of York, birth,
242 ; at Guildhall, 378 ; City Free-
dom, 405 ; F'reedoni of Merchant
Taylors' Company, 425 ; marriage,
428; wedding present from the Cor-
poration, 428; wedding procession,
429 ; medal struck to commemorate,
429 ; lays memorial stone of Cripple-
gate Institute, 435
Geramb, Baron, ordered to quit Eng-
land, 136
Gerard's Hall, crypt destroyed, 202
Gibbons, Sir Sills John, el. L. M., 271 ;
created a Baronet, 274
Gibbs, H. H., at Cannon Street Hotel,
376 ; resigns seat for City, 420
Gibbs, Michael, el. L.M., 189
Gibbs, W. A., suicide of, 308
Gibson, J., architect of St. Peter-le-
Poor, 82; of Saddlers' Hall, 155; of
Imperial Insurance Office, 195
Gilbert, J., sentence on, 376-7
Gilbert, .Sir John, donation to Guildhall
Art Gallery, 426 ; City Freedom,
426-7, 430
Giles, Rev. Dr. J. A., first Head Master
of City of London School, 176
Giles, St., Cripplegate, Milton's grave
disturbed, 80
Gill, William, el. L. M., 75 ; death, 96
Gilpin, Charles, C.C. , makes affirma-
tion instead of oath, 215
Giltspur .Street Compter, removed, 81 ;
unhealthy state of, 199-200 ; business
transferred to City of London Court,
202 ; demolished, 208
Gin, low price of, 163
Girdlers' Ilall restored, 330
Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E. , speeches at
Guildhall banquet, 226, 355 ; Irish
Disestablishment Bill, 255-6 ; speech
oncompletion of St. Paul's, 265 ; Free-
dom of Turners' Company, 299 ;
opens Caxton exhibition, 306 ;
Government of, 331 ; at Guildhall,
333 ; illness, 336 ; speech on state of
Ireland, 338 ; bust ordered by the
Corporation, 346 ; address of Corpora-
tion to, 346 ; reply, 347 ; bust in
Guildhall unveiled, 354-5
454
Modern History of the City of London.
Glass Sellers' Company, livery in-
creased, 159
Gledstanes & Co. , failure, 276
Glode, Sir Richard, knighted, 90 ;
death, 113
Gloucester, Duchess of, death, 210
Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke
of. City freedom, 143
Gloucester, \\'illiam Henry, Duke of,
City freedom, 14, 21 ; at Mansion
House, 24
Glovers' Company, resuscitated, 384
Glyn, Sir Richard, el. M.P. for City, 3
Glyn, Sir Richard Carr, el. L.M., 99 ;
created a Baronet, 102 ; death, 180
Glynn, John, retained as counsel for
City, 34; el. Recorder, 41 ; nominated
M.P. for Middlesex, 45 ; elected, 46;
death, 58
Gold, price of, 189
Gold and Silver Wire Drawers' Com-
pany, grant of livery, 62
Golden Lane, artizans' dwelling houses
in. 303. 316; cost of clearing site,
373
Golden Lane Brewery, 125 ; projector
of, 203
Goldney, G. , presents law books to
Guildhall Library, 381
Goldsmid, Abraham, suicide of, 134
Goldsmith, Oliver, residence, 2 ; death,
44
Goldsmiths' Company, refuse to attend
extraordinary Common Halls, 31 ;
livery gowns altered, 34 ; entertain
Sheriffs, 39 ; hall-mark altered, 70 ;
Freedom to Gen. Sir Chas. Grey and
Admiral Sir J. Jarvis, 89 ; entertain
Lord Howe, 92; barge, 121 ; hall de-
molished, 165 ; excavations for new
hall, 167; new hall opened, 174;
entertain Sir R. Peel, 182 ; build
church at East Acton, 326 ; Freedom
to Prince Albert Victor, 384 ; found
Technical Institute at New Cross,
401 ; opening ceremony, 416
Good, J. H., Architect of Armourers
and Brasiers' Hall, 184
Good Friday, observation of, 53
"Goose and Gridiron," demolition of,
436
Gordon, Gen. , killed at Khartoum, 375 ;
bust ordered by Corporation, 375
Gordon, Lord George, presents Chart-
ists' petition, 59-61 ; leader of the
rioters, 59-61 ; warrant for appre-
hension of, 61 ; trial for high treason,
61 ; death, 84
Gordon Riots, attack on prisons and
compters, 60 ; compensation to suffer-
ers by, 63, 65 ; insurance offices claim
damages, 7°
Goschen, G. J., el. M.P. for City, 243,
257, 258, 288 ; resigns his seat, 316-7 ;
el. Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster, 245 ; el. President of Poor
Law Board, 258 ; in favour of London
Municipal Reform, 315 ; entertained
by City Liberal Club, 345 ; Freedom
of Fishmongers' Company, 396
Gosling, .Sir Francis, death, 26
Goss, Sir John, death, 332
Gough, Lord Viscount, City Freedom,
192, 197
Gould, Mr. Justice, decHnes City Free-
dom, 61
Cover, W. S., el. on L.S.B., 267, 303,
329 ; unsuccessfully contests L. S.B. ,
287
Government lotteries. See Lotteries
Gower, Lord, 30
Gracechurch Street widened, 174, 181
Grafton, Duke of, resignation as
Premier, 29
Graham, Sir Thomas, City Freedom,
134
Grain, proposal to restrict distillation of.
Grand Junction Canal opened to Pad-
dington, 107
Grant, Gen., City Freedom, 308
Grant, James, death, 323
Grant, Sir W. , portrait presented to
Corporation, 439
Granville, Earl, at L.M.'s banquet, 212.
235, 278 ; lays foundation-stone of
City Liberal Club House, 301 ; enter-
tained by Fishmongers' Company,
310 ; at the Mansion House, 380;
distributes prizes awarded by London
Chamber of Commerce, 41 1
Gravel Pit Wood, see Highgate Wood.
Gravesend, hospital for infectious
diseases, 360 ; opened, 366-7
Gray, Aid. and .Sher., opens St. Dun-
tan's College, 400
Great Britain, France declares war with,
83 ; Spain declares war with, 93 ;
Ireland united with, 104 ; pre-
liminaries of peace with France, 105 ;
treaty of peace with France, 106 ;
victory over French fleet, 108 ; vic-
tory over Spanish fleet, 108 ; Spain
declares war with, 117; victory of
Trafalgar, 119 ; combination of
Europe against, 126-7 ; peace with
Spain, 127 ; Russia declares war
with, 205 ; complimentary addresses
exchanged with Paris, 207
Great Central Gas Company, report,
241 ; obtains leave to lay pipes in
City, 241 ; amalgamation, 263-4
"Great Eastern" put up to auction,
348
Great Eastern Railway, tramway
between Columbia Market and, 278 ;
Liverpool Street Station constructed,
298
Great Northern Railway, plan for
extension of, 224
" Great Paul," dedication of, 353
Great Tower Hill subway, 264
Great Western Railway constructed,
176
Greece, earthquake relief fund, 389,
438
Greek loan, mismanagement of, 159
Greek patriots, Corporation grant to,
,'56 ,
Green \ ard or Mews, insured, 247 ;
Gresham almshouses removed from,
345-6, 364 ; rebuilt, 431
Greenwich Hospital, Nelson's presenta-
tion sword in, 103
Gregory, Rev. Canon,el. onL.S.B., 287
Gregory, S. , sale of London M.SS. and
books, 222
Grenville Ministry, in power, 122 ;
ordered to resign, 124
Gresham, Sir Thomas, commemorative
services revived, 170 ; statue in
Royal Exchange, 179, 189
Gresham Almshouses removed to
Brixton, 345-6, 364 ; foundation
stone laid, 353 ; cost of, 364
Gresham College, old, site sold, 23 ;
new, opened, 187
Gresham House erected, 208
Gresham Lectures, attendance at, 120 ;
new scheme, 167 ; held in C. of I/.
School, 178
Gresham Street, former names of, 191 ;
fire in, 240 ; widened, 422
Grey, Earl, introduces Roman Catholic
Bill, 124 ; forms ministry, 167 ;
resigns, 169 ; City Freedom, 169
Grey, Gen. Sir Charles, City Freedom,
86, 89 ; Freedom of Fishmongers'
Company, 89 ; Freedom of Gold-
smiths' Company, 89
Grey, Sir George, Bill for better regu-
lation of the City of London, 222 ;
Police Bill, 235
Grey Friars Monastery, last vestige
removed, 160
Greystoke Place Board School, opened,
324 ; closed, 329
" Griffin," The. See Temple Bar
Memorial.
Grocers' Company, Freedom to the
Duke of York, 4 ; Duke of Edin-
burgh, 246; Prince Arthur, 265 ; Lord
Beaconsfield, 325 ; Sir F. Roberts,
339 ; Sir R. N. Fowler, 371 ; Lord
Salisbury, 384; Sir F. Leighton, 399;
Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, 399 ; refuse
to attend extraordinary Common
Halls, 31 ; City Freedom presented
to Pitt at Grocers' Hall, 69; Hall
rebuilt, 97, 108 ; Pitt entertained by,
113; new entrance to Hall, i6r ;
gift of new wing to London Hospital,
299-300 ; Hackney Downs Schools
opened, 302-3; present bell to St.
Paul's, 313 ; donation for Technical
Education, 351, 385; sanitary science
scholarships, 358
Grote, G., el. M.P. for the City, 170,
174, 177
Grub Street, name changed to Milton
Street, 167
Grub Street Chapel, female preacher
at, 156
Guardians, City Boards of, amalga-
mated, 259
Guernsey, a fireman, burnt to death,
278
Guildhall, lottery at, I ; trials at, 2 ;
houses sold by auction at, 2 ; floor
gives way, 14 ; Earl of Chatham's
monument, 55 ; Pitt's monument,
122 ; unveiled, 138 ; Nelson's statue
unveiled, 134 ; statue of George III,
Modern History of the City of London.
455
141 ; Husting platform removed from
East end, 181 ; plans for new roof,
233 ; new roof finished, 244; Prince
of Wales at, 235-6 ; C. of L. Work-
ing Classes Industrial Exhibition,
244 ; insurance of, 247 ; Albert
Orphan Asylum bazaar, 249 ; window
presented by C. L. Wilson, 250 ;
Belgian Volunteers entertained, 251 :
window presented by Haberdashers'
Company, 251 ; reception of Sultan
Abdul Aziz, 251 ; window presented
by Weavers' Company, 254 ; window
presented by Lancashire Operatives,
256 ; bust of Lord Brougham, 256 ;
Prince Consort Memorial Window,
259 ; unveiled, 266 ; window pre-
presented by Sir M. Montefiore,
260 ; window presented by Sir David
Salomons, 264 ; window presented
by Farringdon Without Ward, 264 ;
Elcho Shield deposited in, 266 ; win-
dow presented by Aid. Cotton, 266-
7 ; reception of Prince Arthur, 270 ;
of the .Shah of Persia, 284 ; of the
Emperor of Russia, 289 ; window
presented by Deputy Harris, 291 ;
reception of French Municipal
authorities, 295 ; International Mu-
nicipal entertainment, 296 ; reception
of Prince of Wales, 300-1 ; meeting
in support of Lord Beaconsfield's
policy, 314; renovated, 323; altera-
tions in, 359 ; reception of King of
the Hellenes, 333 ; Sunday School
Centenary celebrated in, 333 ; cele-
bration of Earl of Shaftesbury's 80th
birthday, 342 ; reception of Interna-
tional Medical Congress, 343-4, 346 ;
concert by Guildhall Orchestral
Society, 350; Gladstone and Beacons-
field busts unveiled, 354-5 ; meeting
to consider Government policy in the
Soudan, 365 ; meeting to oppose
London Government Bill, 367 ; C.
of L. Society of Artists' exhibition,
367-8 ; celebration of jubilee of
abolition of slavery, 369 ; bust of Sir
R. W. Garden, 379 ; reception of
Colonial and Indian visitors, 383 ;
meeting of protest against Home
Rule, 384 ; drawings of old portions
removed, 389 ; historical account
printed by Corporation, 389 ; Queen
Victoria's Jubilee celebrated, 390 ;
Jubilee ball, 392 ; penny postage jubi-
lee, 409 ; reception of H. M. Stanley,
409 ; fruit exhibition, 412 ; meeting
of protest against Jewish persecution
in Russia, 412-3 ; sittings of High
Courts of Justice resumed, 414, 417 ;
reception of Emperor of Germany,
416; new offices erected, 423 ; Ward
School children at 423, 431 ; recep-
tion of King of Denmark, 429 ;
medal to commemorate, 429 ; Insti-
tute of Journalists at, 430 ; Jubilee
of the Y.M.C.A., 433
Guildhall Art Gallery, proposal for
establishing, 376 ; opened, 385 ; pro-
posal for Sunday opening rejected.
395-6, 420 ; Loan Exhibition of
pictures, 409 ; second Loan Exhi-
bition 419; third Loan Exhibition,
432 ; opened on Sundays, 432 ; Sir
J. Gilbert's donation, 426 ; picture
presented by E. Armitage, R.A.,431
Guildhall Chapel, last service at, 65 ;
used as Court of Requests, 65 ;
statues from, preserved in Guildhall
Museum, 381 ; demolished, 381
Guildhall Council Chamber, new, to be
built, 292-3, 312 ; foundation-stone
laid, 359 ; opened, 371 ; medal to
commemorate opening, 371 ; lent to
L.C. C. , 402-3, 404, 406 ; outer
lobby decorated by Sir Stuart Knill,
411; electric light installed, 420;
old, used as a Court of Law, 414
Guildhall Crypt, alterations in, 359
Guildhall Exchequer Chamber destroy-
ed, 359
Guildhall Justice Room, alterations in,
224 ; prisoners on remand to be sent
to Clerkenwell, 348
Guildhall Law Courts, 381
Guildhall Library, established, 157 ; set
of London Gazettes purchased, 159 ;
opened, 162 ; grant of funds, 162 ;
increased, 284, 415 ; growth, 165 ;
new room added, 184 ; evening open-
ing unsuccessful, 184 ; Shakespeare's
autograph purchased, 188; Salomons
Hebrew bequest, 193 ; gift by H.
B. H. Beaufoy, 197 ; opened to
students, 203 ; opened to the public,
209 ; new building proposed, 260 ;
foundation-stone laid, 266 ; Tyrrell
MSS. purchased, 273 ; new building
opened, 277-8 ; window presented
by Aldersgate Ward, 279 ; hours of
opening extended, 282 ; opened free
to the public, 282 ; Clockmakers'
Company's Library and Museum
received, 282 ; free lending library
proposed, 282 ; staff increased, 284 ;
.Sir D. Salomons' bequest, 286, 296 ;
statistics of attendances, 292 ; opened
in the evening, 300, 310 ; catalogue
of Dutch Church Library printed,
32S ; Hartridge gift, 328 ; proposal
for .Sunday opening rejected, 328,
395-6 ; opened on Saturday evenings,
331 ; Goldney gift of law books, 381 ;
visit of Library Association, 403 ;
electric light installed, 420
Guildhall, Museum, proposal to estab-
lish, 159, 1S5 ; Roman sepulchral
column, 250 ; tessellated Roman
pavement, 259 ; coins from old Black-
friars Bridge, 266 ; memorial stone
of the Great Fire, 302 ; statues from
Guildhall Chapel, 381 ; Blades'
collection of medals, 409 ; Roman
antiquities purchased, 426; Nelthropp
collection of watches, 436. See also
Antiquities
Guildhall School of Music, proposal to
establish, 285, 332 ; concerts to be
given, 341 ; Weist Hill el. Principal,
350 ; performance at Guildhall, 350 ;
new building, 344, 375 ; foundation-
stone laid, 379 ; opening, 387 : cost
of furniture, 386 ; Sir J. Barnby el.
Principal, 419 ; Mr. Sims Reeves
appointed a Professor, 422
(Juildhall Yard, lit by electricity, 338
Guilds. See Livery Companies
Gunmalcers' Company, livery granted,
55 ; London-made gun barrels to be
stamped by, 139
Gurney, Rt. Hon. Russell, Recorder,
holds inquiry into the conduct of
Governor Eyre, 244 ; an arbitrator
on the Alabama Claims, 284, 287 ;
resigns office of Recorder, 314 ; pres-
entation to, 315; death, 315; bust
executed for Guildhall, 355
Gurney, S., gift of drinking fountain at
Royal Exchange, 219 ; and at St.
Sepulchre's Churchyard, 222
Ciuy's Hospital, donation of Corporation
to, 390
IIaberda.shers' Com pany. Hall destroyed
by fire, 240 ; window in Guildhall,
presented by, 251 ; Schools opened
at Hoxton, 296 ; Hatcham School
under the management of, 297-9 ;
farm their own land, 325 ; freedom
presented to Prince Arthur, 284, and
to Baroness Burdett-Coutts, 337
Hadfield, shoots at George III in
Drury Lane Threatre, lOI
Hadley, Simeon Charles, el. L. M. by
Livery but not admitted by Court of
Aldermen, 362 ; death, 409
Hadley's City Flour Mills, destroyed
by fire, 278
Hale, Archdeacon, death, 268
Hale, Warren Stormes, el. L. M., 240
Half Moon, Cheapside, meeting of
Liverymen at, 65 ; ceases to be a
tavern, 147
Half Moon tavern, Aldersgate St. , 328
Halifax, Lord, Wilkes obtains damages
from, 29
Halifax, SirT., knighted, 42 ; el. L M., 51
Hall, Sir Charles, el. Recorder, 419
Hall, T. H., el. on M.B.W., 208; bust in
Council Chamber, 102 ; death, 210
Hall of Commerce, built on site of
French Protestant Church, 188 ; ban-
quet to Macready at, 201 ; recon-
structed, 208
Hamilton, .Sir Edward, City Freedom,
102
Hammersmith Bridge, Bill for permis-
sion to build, 157
Hammet, Sir Benjamin, fined for not
serving as L. M., 95
Hankey, Aid., death, 125
Hansard, Messrs., sued by .Stockdale,
a printer, 182-3
Hansom, J. A., takes out cab patent, 172
Hanson, Sir Reginald, Bart., opens
Guildhall School of music, 287,
Monument street, 392-3, and Kil-
burn Park, 394; knighted, 353 ; el.
on L.S.B., 355 ; el. L.M., 3S6 ;
receives Queen \'ictoria at Mansion
House, 391 ; created a baronet, 391 ;
el. M.P. for City, 415
456
Modern History of the City of London.
Hanwell Schools, partially opened,
212
Harcourl, Sir William, addresses Guild-
hall meeting, 256 ; speech on Eppin^
Forest, 291 ; receives de^^utalion on
London Water Supply, 333 ; report
on Corporation income and expendi-
ture presented to, 357 ; first reading
of London Government Bill, 366
Hardinge, Rt. Hon. Sir H., City
Freedom, 192
Hardwick, Philip, architect of C. of L.
Club, 172, and Goldsmiths' Hall,
174
Hardwick, Thomas, St. Bartholomew-
the-Less restored by, 156
Hardy, Capt. Masterman, City Free-
dom, 121
Hardy, Sir Thomas, City P'reedom, 127
Hardy, Thomas, buried in Bunhill
Fields, 170
Harley, Rt. Hon. Thomas, el. M.P.
for City, 3 ; thanks from Parliament,
10 ; el. L. M., 23 ; admitted member
of Privy Council, 25 ; illness, 26 ;
votes against calling Common Hall,
29 ; disapproves Beckford's speech to
King, 32 ; insulted by mob, 33 ; sup-
ports claims of London booksellers,
45 ; death, 113-4
Harmer, Aid. James, death, 204
Harpocrates, statuette found in Thames,
157
Harris, Deputy, window in Guildhall
presented by, 291
Harrison, E., el. on M.B.W., 208
Hartington, Marquis of. Freedom of
Fishmongers' Company, 310; City
Freedom, 398
Hartley, D., City Freedom, 51
Hartley Coal Mine Disaster fund, con-
tribution of Corporation, 231
Hartopp, Sir J., law suit with Banstead
Commons Preservation Committee,
411
Hartridge, Deputy, gift to Guildhall
Library, 328
Harvey, D.W. , el. Commissioner of
City PoUce, 181 ; death, 234
Harvey, William, death, 282
Hatcham School, opened, 297-8
Hat-dyers of Southwark, strike, 34
Hatton estate, Holborn, reverts to
Crown, 9
Hatton Garden, Mirabeau's house in,
70
Havana, conquest of, 9
Havelock, Sir Henry, bust in Guild-
hall, 215
Hawaii, Dowager-Queen Emma of,
entertained at Mansion House, 244
Hawes, commits suicide from Monu-
ment, 182
Hawkers in the City, 23 ; apprehended
within City, 41 ; attempt to remove
from City, 218. See also Streets
Hawkshaw, Mr., G.N.R. and City
Extension laid out by, 224
Hay, duty on, 56-7
Haydock ColHery Explosion relief fund,
316
Hayes, James, legacies to various
institutions, 152
Hayes Common, \Vest Wickham
Common added to, 422
Hayley, Aid. George, el. M.P. for City,
46, 62 ; death, 63
Haymarket pillory, 133
Haywood, Col. Wm., reports on City
traffic, 220; City gas supply, 241;
City improvements, 268; City paving,
288 ; electric lighting, 322 ; street
improvements, 403-4 ; prepares plan
for reconstruction of City, 245-6 ;
constructs Holborn Valley ^'iaduct,
262 ; death, 432
Hazlitt, William, marriage, 129 ; house
in Bouverie Street, 165
Health Committee, report on precau-
tions against Cholera, 195
Health Exhibition, Corporation grant
towards, 364; "Old London" at,
367
Health of Towns in England, Bill for
improving the, 193
Helen, Princess, of Waldeck, marriage,
352
Helena, Princess, at Mansion House,
391
Hellaby & Son, premises burnt, 240
Hellenes, King of the, entertained at
Guildhall, 333 ; medal to com-
memorate visit to London, 348
Henrietta- Maria, Queen, statue in
Guildhall Museum, 381
Henry, Prince, of Baltenberg, at
People's Palace and Mansion House,
391
Herbert, William, Guildhall Librarian,
162 ; catalogue of Guildhall Library
prepared by, 184 ; resignation, 191
Heme, Aid. Wm., knighted, 93 ;
Sher., 94
Hesse, Princess of, married to Duke of
Cambridge, 147
Hesse Homburg, Prince of, marriage
with Princess Eliza, 147
Hessey, Dr., Head Master of Merchant
Taylors' School, retires, 267
Hetherington, Rev. W., endows
charities for the blind at Christ's
Hospital, 148
Heygate, Sir William, el. L.M., 154;
el. Chamberlain, 187; death, 188
Hick, C. W., Sword bearer, death, 223
Hicks' Hall, prisoner rescued from, 48
High School for Girls, scheme for
establishment agreed to, 417
High Treason, death punishment dis-
continued, 1 50-1
Higham's Park added to Epping Forest,
416
Highgate Wood offered to Corporation,
373 ; acquired, 384 ; keeper appointed,
384 ; dedicated, 386
Highlands, distress in, 177
Highwaymen in Moor Fields, 107
Hill and Keddell, contractors for build-
ing Holborn Viaduct, 262
Hill, Miss D., el. on L.S.B. for City,
329. 355. 380, 401
Hill, Sir Rowland, City Freedom, 140
Hill, Sir Rowland, penny jjostage scheme
182 ; testimonial to, 190 ; City Freedom
320; national memorial fund, 329; sta-
tue in Royal Exchange unveiled, 353 ;
Mansion House memorial, 356
Hill, W., Principal of Guildhall School
of Music, 350
Hilton, W., altar-piece of St. Michael's
painted by 1 5 1-2
Hitchcock, George, death, 237
Hobhouse, Sir John, committed to
Newgate, 152
Hobler, Francis, death, 188
Hodges, Sir J., Town Clerk, 34;
death, 46
Hogg, .Sir J. McGarel, opens Queen
Victoria Street, 271 ; lays foundation-
stone of Holborn Town Hall, 329
Holborn, suggested improvement for,
84-5 ; improvement, 88 ; contempla-
tion of a new street across, 134
Holborn Bridge, old, discovery of an
abutment, 247
Holborn Circus, new thoroughfare to
Ludgate Hill, opened, 273
Holborn Hill improvements, 191
Holborn Town Hall, foundation-stone
laid, 329 ; opened, 329
Holborn Valley improvement, 203-4 ;
Royal assent to Act for, 239-40 ;
compensation paid, 262
Holborn Viaduct, suggested, 184 ;
excavations for, 247 ; foundation-
stone laid, 250 ; opened, 261-2 ;
medal to commemorate opening, 262
Holborn Viad. Hotel, inauguration, 308
Holborn Viaduct Station erected, 304
Holiday Yard, artizans' dwelling-houses
erected in, 303
Holland, Lord, inquiry into conduct
of, 28
Holland. See Netherlands
Holies, Lady, bequest, 309-10 ; girls'
school in Redcross .St. re-built, 401
HoUoway Hall, meeting in aid of new
Hospital scheme, 404
HoUoway Prison, estimate for building,
194 ; handed over to the City Prison
Committee, 201-2 ; designed by J. B.
Bunning, 202 ; prisoners allowed to
see their respective ministers, 258 ;
prisoners from \\'hitecross Street
Prison transferred to, 266
HoUoway Workhouse opened, 243
Home Rule for Ireland, meeting at
Guildhall protesting against, 384
Hone, W., publisher of blasphemous
pamphlets, 146
Honey Lane Market, City of London
School erected on site of, 173, 174, 177
Honourable Artillery Company, Prince
of Wales (George IV) el. Capt. -Gen.,
18 ; conduct Crosby & Oliver from
Tower, 37 ; guard the Guildhall, 41 ;
request of Militia Bill Committee for
use of Armoury house, 91-2 ; in-
spected by George III, 99 ; at St.
Paul's, no; offer assistance to Cor-
poration, 373 ; 350th anniversary cele-
brated, 393 ; placed under Volunteer
Acts, 398-9. See also Boston
Modern History of the City of London.
457
Hood, Lord, City Freedom, 66
Hood, Rev. E. P., death, 377
Ilook, Theodore, editor q^ John Bui/,
151
Hooper, J. K., el. L.M., 193; death,
205
Hop Market, right to hold, 21
Hopkins, Benjamin, el. City Chamber-
lain, 50-1 ; re-el., 55 ; death, 58
Hopkins, Sir John, el. L.iVl., 81;
knighted, 82
Home, John, dispute with Aid.
Wilkes, 37-8 ; burnt in effigy, 38
Home, Rev. T. H., death, 231
Homers' Company, exhibition at
Mansion House, 354
Horse Market, Act to establish, at
West Smithfield, 165
Horsham Grammar School, plan
approved, 427 ; foundation-stone laid,
422
Hospital Saturday collection started, 290
Hospital Sunday Fund, meeting for
establishing, 278 ; first held in Lon-
don, 284 ; amounts collected, 372,
438
Hospitals, City, report to Co. Co. un,
22 ; Mr. W. Robinson's bequests to,
24 ; relation of Co. Co. to 68
Hotel de Ville, Paris, model presented
to Corporation by Prefect of the
Seine, 271
Houndsdilch, Roman remains dis-
covered at, 339
House Tax, petitions against, 56, 171 ;
petition against increase of, 202
How, Rev. \V. W. , nominated Bishop
of Bedford, 325
Ploward, J., and Prison Reform Bill,
44 ; monument in St. Paul's, 81
Howe, Lord, interview with L. M. as
to Press warrants, 74 ; victory over
the French fleet, 86 ; City Freedom,
86, 92 ; entertained by Goldsmiths'
Company, 92
Howley, Dr., el. Bishop of London,
139
Hoxton, Haberdashers' Company's
Schools opened at, 296
Hubbard, J. G., el. M.P., for City,
288, 331, 381-2; raised to peerage,
393
Hudson, committed for proposing
treasonable toasts, 84
Hudson, W., designs new C. of L.
Union offices, 275
Plughes, Rev. J., statue in Bunhill
Fields, unveiled, 295
Hume, Joseph, City Freedom, 154
Humphery, John, el. L.M., 186
Hungary, relief of sufferers from floods
in, 323
Hunt, " Orator," takes part in Radical
demonstration, 149, 150 ; caricatured.
Hunt, Corporation, in Epping Forest,
126
Hunter, Claudius Stephen, el. L.M.,
135; epigram on, 135
Hunter, Sir W. G. , presides at enquiry
into London Water supply, 409-10
Hunter, William, el. L. M., 200; death,
210
Husting, Court of, records preserved in
Guildhall, 214; held at (niildhall,
228, 254 ; platform removed from
East end of Guildhall, 181
Plutchinson, Sir J. H., City Freedom,
105
Plyde, Justice, furniture destroyed by
Gordon rioters, 60
Hyde Park, Volunteers reviewed in,
105, no
Hydrants, donation of Corporation for
supply of, 296, 300
Hypocaust, Roman, discovered under
Coal Exchange, 195
I'Anson, E., arch, of Royal Exchange
Buildings, 192
Iddesleigh, Earl of, death, 3S9 ; bust in
Guildhall, 389. &«Northcote, SirS.
Ignatius, Brother. See Lyne, Rev.
Leycester
Ilford, City of London Cemetery laid
out, 202; consecrated, 213
Imperial Institute, proposed erection,
386 ; Corporation's contribution, 390 ;
silver model of, presented to Princess
of Wales, 396-7
Imperial Insurance Office erected, 195
Income Tax, repeal of, 106; re-imposed,
109-10 ; petition to Parliament
against, 143, 194, 279
India, gold received from, 138 ; Mutiny
Relief F'und, 212 ; amount raised,
227 ; restoration of peace in, 222 ;
Famine Relief Fund, 228, 310
India House, George Ill's visit to, 99
Influenza in London, 171, 176
Inhabited House Duty Repeal Associa-
tion, 408
Inland Parcels Post established, 351
Inner Circle Railway, street improve-
ments in connection with, 290 ; com-
pletion of, 335, 370 ; cost of con-
structing, 370 ; opened, 370
Inner Temple, Hall demolished, 263 ;
new Hall opened, 265
Innholders' Hall, alterations to, 387
Insolvent Debtors' Act, attempt to
repeal, 4
Institute of Chartered Accountants,
new building, 417-8
Institute of Journalists, inauguration,
403 ; congress in London, 430 ;
meeting at Mansion House, 430 ;
entertained at Guildhall, 430
Insurance Companies, claim for damages
during Gordon riots, 7° ! duty P^id
by, 161
Insurance policies, proposed repeal of
duties on, 178
International Exhibition (1862) opened,
231
International Medical Congress, held m
Guildhall, 343-4 ; entertained by
Corporation, 346
Ireland, united with Great Britain, 104 ;
distress in, 193 ; rehef fund, 330,
364; distress in the West, 413;
Gladstone's speech on the state of.
33S ; difficulties of Government in,
347 ; defence of property in, 350,
389 ; Fishmongers' Company sell
their estates in, 374
Irish Defence Union, deputation from,
to Lord Mayor, 390
Irish Church Disestablishment Bill,
meeting in (niildhall, 255-6
Irish Estates Committee appointed by
Common Council, 195
Irish Exhibition, donation of Corpora-
tion towards, 398
Irish lace exhibited at Mansion House,
361
Irish Ladies in distress, fund started,
356
Irish municipal government, Bill for
improving, rejected, 175
Irish Society, to present an annual
report, 168 ; control of the Corpora-
tion over, 170; attend opening of
new Derry Bridge, 237 ; returns to
be presented to Parliament, 246 ;
proposed inquiry into, 259 ; motion
for disestablishment, 299 ; rejected,
305 ; Government inquiry into affairs
of, 405, 410 ; report, 415
Ironmongers' Company, barge, 121 ;
Hall renovated, 193 ; Blacksmiths'
Company's exhibition at Hall of,
403, 432
Irving, Sir Henry, first public appear-
ance 224 ; statue of, presented to
Corporation, 412
Isaacs, Sir H. A., el. L. M., 407 ;
resigns office of Alderman, 416
Isaacs, L. H., London Government
Bill, 390
Ischia earthquake relief fund, 361-2
Isle of Dogs, floods at, 399
Islington Cattle Market, 172 ; opened,
207-8 ; additional bullock lairs, 248 ;
slaughter-houses erected, 253
Islington Cattle Market Company, offer
to the Corporation, 197
Italian Ambassador presents picture to
the Corporation, 433
Italian Exhibition of Architecture,
diploma of honour to Corporation, 413
Italy, floods relief fund, 279 ; thanks
to Corporation, 280
Jack-in-the-Green, 106
" Jack-the-Ripper,' murders by, 400
Jackson, Rt. Rev. John, enthroned as
Bishop of London, 259 ; death, 373
Jamaica, saved by Admiral Rodney, 66
Jamaica Coffee House, 191
James, John, death, 201
Janssen, Sir S. T. , el. Chamberlain,
14 ; resigns, 50 ; recommends boun-
ties to Fishermen, 25 ; bankruptcy of,
50 ; death, 50
Jarvis, Adm. Sir John, City Freedom,
86, 89 ; F'reedom of Goldsmiths'
Company, 89 ; Freedom of Fish-
mongers' Company, 89 ; defeats
Spanish fleet, 93-4 ; sword voted to,
94 ; created Earl of St. Vincent, 94
Jeejeebhoy, Sir J., City Freedom, 206,
240
NNN
458
Modern History of the City of London.
Jeffries, Judge, remains discovered, 134,
239
Jenkins, the Banl< of England giant, 99
Jenner, Dr., City Freedom, 108
Jennings, Sir J. R., knighted, 391
Jerusalem, Bishop of, visits Christ's
Hospital, 291
Jerusalem Coffee House, 191 ; new,
foundation laid, 328
Jewin Street, fire in, 422
Jewin Street Wesleyan Chapel de-
molished, 318
Jewin Welsh Chapel, Aklersgate,
opened, 320
Jewish Disabilites, legislative removal
of, 175, 191, 193, 195, 203; Cor-
poration commends King of Spain's
liberality and toleration, 344. See
also Religious Disabilities
Jews, first election to Shrievalty, 174
Jews in Russia, relief fund, 351 ; meet-
ing to protest against persecution in
Russia, 412-3
John Bull newspaper started, 151 ;
proprietors fined for libel, 154
John Carpenter Street, 428
Johnson, Sir J. H., knighted, 290
Johnson, Joel, death, 99
Johnson, John, el. L.M., 191 ; death,
194
Johnson, L. C. , marriage, 95
Johnson, Reverdy, at L.M.'s banquet,
256
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, house of, 18,
433 ; death, 70 ; monument in St.
Paul's, 81 ; anniversary sermons, 371
Johnson, Thomas, el. L.M., 183;
death, 196
Joint Stock Companies, failure of, 293
Jonathan's Coffee House, action against
proprietor, 8 ; known as the Stock
Exchange, 43
Jones, Gale, committed to the Tower,
133 ; released, 133
Jones, Sir Horace, el. City architect,
238 ; designs Smithfield Meat Market,
257 ; Guildhall Library, 278 ; Smith-
field Poultry Market, 298 ; Billings-
gate Fish Market, 309 ; Temple Bar
Memorial, 337 ; Gravesend Hospital,
366 ; new Council Chamber, 371 ;
new Smithfield Fish Market, 401 ;
Tower Bridge, 380 ; knighted, 386 ;
death, 391
Jones, R. L. , motion for establishing
Guildhall Library, 157 ; Chairman of
Library Committee, 162 ; memorial
scholarships at C. of L. School, 204 ;
bust in Guildhall, 204 ; death, 237
Journalists, entertained at Mansion
House, 403. See also Institute of
Journalist.s
Jubilee of George HI, 131
Jubilee of Queen Victoria, 386-7, 390,
391-2 ; City illuminated, 392 ; ball
at the Guildhall, 392 ; thanksgiving
service at St. Paul's, 392 ; National
Memorial Fund closed, 431
Judges, attend at Mansion House on
first day of term, 73 ; at St. Paul's,
307
Jung, Sir Salar, City Freedom, 302
Jupp, William, designs London Tavern,
Keane, R. , founder of the Anc. and
Hon. Artillery Company of Boston,
U.S., 393
Keith, Lord, City Freedom, 105 ; lays
first stone of Southwark Bridge, 141
Kelly, Thomas, el. L.M., 176 ; death,
208
Kendal, state visit of L. M. Whitehead
to, 402
Kenley Common, purchased by Cor-
poration, 355 ; opened to the public,
360
Kennet, Brackley, nominated as L. M.,
46; el. L. M., 58; charged with
neglect of duty during Gordon riots,
62
Kent, Duchess of, address of Corpora-
tion to, 214; death, 227
Kent, Mr., victim of Cock Lane
conspiracy, 7-8
Kent, Edward, Duke of, birth, 23 ;
City Freedom, 143 ; marriage, 147
Keppel, Admiral, City Freedom, 56 ;
acquitted by Court Martial, 56
Kerr, R. M., Judge of the Poultry and
Giltspur Street Compters, 222 ;
action against the Chamberlain, 365
Kew Bridge freed from toll, 281-2
Key, Sir John, el. L.M., 165 ; re-el.
168 ; letter to Duke of Wellington,
166; created a baronet, 168; el.
M.P. for the City, 170 ; resigns his
seat, 172 ; el. Chamberlain, 204 ;
receives gold snuff-box from Prince
Frederick of Prussia, 214-5 ! death,
217
Key, W. H., el. on L.S.B., 437
Kilburn Park, offered to the Corpora-
tion, 373 ; Corporation accept its
charge, 384 ; opened, 394
Kimberley, Earl of, at inauguration of
British Australian Telegraph, 278
King Edward's Schools, Witney, official
inquiry into, 240 ; visited by the
L.M., 335
King Edward Street, excavations in,
186 ; name changed from Butcher
Hall Lane, 187
" King of the Beggars," iii
King Street, Cheapside, lit by electricity,
338
King Street, Smithfield, new roadway
from, 295-6
King William Street, improvement,
330 ; lit by electricity, 338
King's Bench Prison, bad condition of,
56 ; broken into by Gordon rioters, 60
King's College, Salters' Company's ex-
hibitions, 326
King's Head, Poultry, meetings held
at, 151
King's Head tavern, Fleet Street,
demolished, loi
King's Printing-house, removed, 35
King's Weigh-house Chapel, resigna-
tion of Rev. T. Binney, 268 ; last
service held in, 358
King.ston Bridge, lolls abolished, 266
Kingston (Jamaica) fire relief fund,
357
Kippis, Dr. Andrew, death, 91
Kirkman, Aid., el. M.P. for the City,
62 ; death, 62
Kite, Robert, el. L.M., 21
Knight, Sir H. E., lays foundation-
stone of Lady Holies' School,
309-10; el. L.M.. 355
Knightrider Street, fire in, 387
Knill, Sir Stuart, decorates Guildhall
Council Chamber lobby, 411 ; el.
L.M., 423 ; opens Camberwell Pub-
lic Baths, 423 ; Freedom of the City
of Dublin presented to, 425 ; enter-
tains Card. Vaughan and Roman
Catholic bishops, 427 ; created a
Baronet, 429
Knowles, Capt., heroic death of, 281
Knowlys, Newman, el. Common Ser-
jeant, HI ; el. Recorder, 154
Kossuth, M., Corporation sympathy
with, 200 ; visit to the City, 200 ;
addresses a meeting in the City, 222
Kurd'slan famine relief fund, 332
La Belle Sauvage Yard, fire in, 399
Labouchere, H., appointed on Corpo-
ration Inquiry Commission, 203
Labour Classes, improvement in con-
dition of, 192
Lad Lane, re-named Gresham Street,
191
Ladbroke, Aid. Sir Robert, el. M.P.
for the City, 3 ; King of Denmark
received at Mansion House by, 25-6 ;
death, 43
Lady Fair, Southwark, abolished, 8
I^aing, David, designs new Custom
House, 146
Lainson, John, death, 188
Lamb, Charles, house in Inner Temple
Lane, 147 ; best man at Hazlitt's
wedding, 129
Lambe's Chapel, Monkwell Street,
demolished, 285 ; remains removed
from crypt, 285
Lambeth Palace, Sunday School cen-
tenary celebrated at, 333
Lancasliire cotton famine, 231-2
I^and in City, increased value of, 308
Land Tax, petition for equalisation of,
177
Landseer, Sir Edwin, buried in St.
Paul's, 286
Langbourn Coffee House, 233
Langdale, Mr., distillery burnt by Gor-
don rioters, 61 ; claim for damages, 62
Langston, Sir Stephen, knighted, 92
Laplanders, birds sold in City by, 142-3
Lauderdale, Earl of, purchases Free-
dom of Needlemakers' Company,
94 ; stands unsuccessfully for Sher. ,
94
Laurence Pountney Lane, ancient crypt
in. 433-4
Laurie, Sir Peter, el. L.M., 170; lays
foundation-stone of Bethlehem Hos-
pital, 181 ; returned by the Livery
for L.M., 230 ; death 230
Modern History of the City of London.
459
Law, Hon. C.E., death, 198
Law Courts, sittings resumed at Guild-
hall, 414. See also Royal Courts of
Justice
Lawrence, Lord, City Freedom, 222 ;
Chairman of L.S.B., 268
Lawrence, Sir J. C. , Bart., el. Com-
missioner for building Courts of Jus-
tice, 242; el. L.M., 256 ; proposal
to re-elect, 260 ; created a I3aronet,
262
Lawrence, Sir Thomas, buried in St.
Paul's, 167
Lawrence, William, el. L.M., 237 ; el.
M.P. for City, 243, 257, 331 ; unsuc-
cessfully contests City, 331
Layard, A. H., City Freedom, 205
Lea Conservancy Board, representation
of Corporation on, 212
Leadenhall Chapel removed, 136
Leadenhall Market, plan for enlarge-
ment, 267 ; Poultry Market to be
constructed on site of Meat Market,
268 ; resolution to construct Poultry
Market, 268 ; petition to Parliament
for power to rebuild Meat and Poul-
try Market, 318; old Act repealed,
new Act passed, 329 ; foundation-
stone of new market laid, 343 ; new
market opened, 349-50
Leadenhall Street, fire in, 16
Leather Trades Exhibition, opened at
Agricultural Hall, 347
Leathersellers' Company, Hall de-
molished, loi ; new Hall erected,
154-5; foundation-stone of Barnet
almshouses laid, 177 ; the governing
body of Colfe's charity, 299 ; Hall
rebuilt, 319
Lee, Rev. R., el. Head Master at
Christ's Hospital, 301
Lefevre, Right Hon. Shaw, opens
Coulsdon Commons, 360
Leicester Herald, founded by Sir R.
Phillips, 183
Leighton, Sir F. , Freedom of Grocers'
Company, 399 ; presents panel-
picture to Royal Exchange, 431
Leighton, Sir William, knighted, 102 ;
rioters dispersed by, 103 ; el. L. M.,
122
Leiningen, Princess of, marriage, 147
Leir, Lyon, suicide from Monument,
132
Le Mesurier, Aid. Paul, Bill for regu-
lation of meat market, presented by,
73; el. L. M., 84; in command of
Hon. Artillery Company, no;
death, 119
Leopold, Prince, birth, 203 ; unveils
Temple Bar Memorial, 337 ; Free-
dom of \'intners' Company, 337 ;
distributes prizes of Metropolitan
Drawing Classes, 337 ; lays founda-
tion-stone of Cowper Street Technical
College, 342-3 ; marriage, 352 ; lays
foundation-stone of Birkbeck Insti-
tution, 359 ; entertained at Fish-
mongers' Hall, 360; death, 366
Leopold, Duke of Coburg, marriage
with Princess Charlotte, 143
Lesseps, F. de. City Freedom, 265 ;
entertained by Drapers' Company,
266 ; at L. M . 's banquet, 364
Letheby, Dr. H., Medical Officer of
Health, report on City graveyards,
216-7 ; report on City gas supply,
241 ; resignation, 288 ; death, 300
Letts's Wharf, Lambeth, purchased
by Commissioners of Sewers, 289-9
Leverton, Thomas, designs for re-build-
ing Grocers' Hall by, 97, 108
Lewes, Sir Watkin, petition to Parlia-
ment against City lotteries, 42 ;
knighted, 42 ; el. L.M., 62 ; eh M.P.
for the City, 63, 69, 80 ; London
Militia Bill presented by, 85-6
Lewis, C. E., motion for inquiry into
Irish Society rejected, 305
Lewis, Sir G. C. , on Corporation In-
quiry Commission, 203 ; London
Reform Bill introduced by, 222
Liber Custitmariun, missing portions
discovered in British Museum, 227
Lil^rary, motion to establish a Free
Lending, 203 ; rejected, 228 ; pro-
posal to adopt Free Library Act in
City, 208. See also Guildhall Library
Library Association of United Kingdom,
visit to Guildhall Library, 403
Licensed Victuallers' School, Kensing-
ton, established, 203
Lidderdale, W. , City Freedom, 415
Liddon, Canon, buried in St. Paul's,
411
Liege, Burgomasters of, received at the
Mansion House, 394-5
Light Brigade, donation of Corporation
to survivors, 411
Light Horse Volunteers, act as escort
to Lord Rodney, 66 ; re-organised,
86 ; standards lodged in the Tower,
Lime Street widened, 386
Lincoln, President, assassinated, 242
Little Britain, fire in, 308
Little Eastcheap widened, 174
Little Tower Street widened, 174, 181
Liverpool, Lord, death, 160
Liverpool Register, Lloyd's Registr)'
amalgamated with, 191
Liverpool Street, formerly called Old
Bethlehem, 165
Liverpool Street Station, constructed,
298 ; electric light introduced, 336
Livery Companies, barges on the
Thames, 49 ; sell their state barges,
214 ; conference to restore ancient
trade control, 273 ; scheme for
advancement of technical education,
285, 305; motion for inquiry rejected,
305 ; meeting of associated, 308 ;
first meeting of Royal Commission,
335 ; donations for technical educa-
tion, 365 ; report of Commission
issued, 368 ; tax upon property of,
381 ; Government enquiry into Irish
estates of, 405, 410 ; report, 415
Livery franchise, proposed abolition
of, rejected, 414
Liverymen, grievances, 27, 29-30 ;
Committee of, attend at, interview
with King, 30 ; of Carpenters' Com-
pany provided with Silver medal, 39 ;
meeting at London Tavern, 94. See
also Common Hall
Livings, City. See Churches
Livingstone, Dr., City Freedom,
210-II ; relief of, 278
Llanerch Collier)' Explosion Relief
Fund, 408
Lloyd, an Attorney, set in pillory, ^t,
" Lloyd's " established, 35 ; temporary
rooms in Pope's Head Alley, 39 ;
subscriptions raised at, 40, no;
deed of association, 135 ; Prince
Consort's visit to, 224 ; meeting in
support of Lord Beaconsfield's
policy, 314; "Great Eabtern " put
up for auction at, 348 ; gun of
H.M.S. " Lutine " presented to
Corporation by, 390-1
Lloyd's Register of Shipping, first
published, 22 ; new Register Book
of Shipping started in opposition to,
lOI ; first steam vessel entered in,
155 ; Committee of Inquiry, 158 ;
amalgamated with Liverpool Re-
gister, 191
Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign
Shipping, established, 173
Loan raised during war with France,
92-3
Local Government Bill, introduced,
397 ; progress of, 398-400 ; Lord
Salisbury's speech upon, 399
Lock, Mr., attempt to assassinate, 177
Lock-up houses, cruelty in, 23
Lombard Street, experiment with
asphalte paving in, 268
London, Bishop of, house burnt, 25 ;
at St. Bartholomew-the-Great, West
Smithfield, 428
London, plan of, to be prepared by
City Surveyor, 71-2 ; destruction of,
prophesied, 185-6 ; proposed amal-
gamation of City with Metropolitan
Board of Works, 250 ; Royal Com-
mission for amalgamation of City and
L.C.C., 426; report, 436-7
London. See also City
London Almshouses handed over to
Corporation, 195 ; donation of Cor-
poration to, 245 ; allowances to in-
mates increased, 310 ; removed to
Brixton, 380-1 ; Queen's Jubilee
celebrated at, 390
London and Birminghom Railway pro-
jected, 174
London and Blackwall Railway pro-
jected, 176
London and Brighton Railway pro-
jected, 176
London and Cambridge Railway pro-
jected, 176
London and Croydon Railway pro-
jected, 176
London and Gravesend Railway pro-
jected, 176
London and Greenwich Railway pro-
jected, 174, 176
London and Norwich Railway pro
jected, 176
XNN 2
460
Modern History of the City of London.
London and Paris, telephone system
between, inaugurated, 414
London and the Kingdom, proposed
work, 406 ; published, 433, 439
London and Westminster Bank, Loth-
bury, erected, 181 ; interior recon-
structed, 206
" London Apprentice," Okl Street, 78
London Bridge, repairs to, 2, 9 ; Gov-
ernment help requested, 13 ; money
raised for repairs, 22 ; cost of repairs,
80; increase of traffic, 133-4, 206;
improvement of, 141 ; Cooke's draw-
ings of, 270
London IJridge, New, erection resolved
upon, 153 ; Act passed, 156 ; first pile
driven, 157 ; antiquities found during
excavations, 157, 161; first stone laid,
158; approaches, 163-4, 167, 168,
174; London Bridge Approaches Act
passed, 181, 192, 328 ; opened, 168 ;
medal struck to commemorate, 168 ;
compensation to tradesmen, 169 ;
proposal to abolish tolls, 206 ; re-
paving commenced, 218 ; proposed
widening, 309; electric lighting, 338;
attempt to blow up, 372
London Bridge Waterworks, fifth arch
assigned for, 22; statistics, 126, 153 ;
removal of a water wheel, 147 ;
transferred to New River Company,
154; Act for removing. 154
London Bridge Railway Station, con-
structed, 189
London Brokers' Relief Act, 266
London Central Subway Railway Bill,
thrown out, 405
London Chamber of Arbitration, 423
I,ondon Chamber of Commerce, meet-
ing to establish, 284, 344, 351 ; first
annual meeting, 357 ; scheme for
commercial education, 408 ; distribu-
tion of prizes awarded by, 411
London, Chatham and Dover Railway,
line constructed, 176 ; Blackfriars
Railway Bridge, 232-3 ; bridge over
Ludgate Hill opposed, 236 ; founda-
tion-stone laid, 236; site of Kleet
Prison purchased, 238; line opened,
240 ; land at Ludgate Hill purchased,
246 ; meeting at St. James' Hall,
248 ; low-level station opened, 290 ;
terminus extended to Plolborn Via-
duct, 304
London City Small Debts Extension
Act, 202
London Cofiee House, established, 39 ;
Roman remains found at, 99 ; pur-
chased by the Corporation, 254
London, Corporation of, disputes with
dissenters as to serving office of Sher.,
8-9 ; non-suited in claim for toll on
fruit, 55 ; ineligibitityfor Committees.
75 ; resolutions against Corporation
and Test Acts, 1 60 ; conflict with House
of Commons, 182-3 ; jurisdiction in
Southwark, 184; contributions to
public enterprises, 192 ; provide
lodging-houses for the poor, 200 ;
deputation visit Paris, 207 ; curtail
expenses, 219-20 ; take shares in the
Metropolitan Railway Company, 222,
234 ; works published by, 250 ; re-
port on income and expenditure pre-
sented to Parhament, 357 ; Local
Authority under Contagious Diseases
(Animals) Act, 263 ; standing order
for controlling expenditure, 376 ;
constituted the Port of London Sani-
tary Authority, 279 ; report on alleged
malversation of funds, 390 ; enquiry
into the finances, 395, 398 ; promote
Gas Bill, 245 ; present bell to St.
Paul's, 313 ; conference with L. C. C.
on Water supply, 412 ; establish a
Pension fund scheme, 430 ; Summer
water excursions abolished, 425. See
also City, Municipal Government
Reform
London County Council, created, 397 ;
first election, 402 ; first meeting held,
402 ; Guildhall Council Chamber
lent for meetings, 402-3, 404, 406 ;
thanks to Corporation for its use, 409 ;
refuse contribution to City improve-
ments, 407, 410 ; conference with
Corporation on Water supply, 412 ;
proposed amalgamation with the Cor-
poration, 426 ; purchase land in John
Carpenter Street, 428 ; propose re-
duction in number of City Guardians,
433
London Docks, Bill passed, 117;
opened, 117; escaped tiger from,
212
London Docks Company, disj^ute City's
right of gauging, 129
London Gazette, set purchased for.
Guildhall Library, 159
London Government, report on 380,
London Government Bill. See Muni-
cipal Government Reform
London Grand Junction Railway, pro-
jected, 176
London Hospital, Grocers' Company's
new wing, 299-300
London House Yard, fire in, 229-30 ;
nuisance from fat-melting house in,
231
London Institution, first meeting of
proprietors, 120; Charier of Incor-
poration granted, 124 ; Richard
l'or?un appointed librarian, 128 ;
new building begun, 142 ; opened,
148-9
London Mechanics' Institute, contri-
bution of Corporation to, 192
London Medical Society's Library, 126
London Municipal Reform Bill. See
Municipal Government Reform
London Rifle Brigade established, 222 ;
colours presented by Corporation,
227, 230 ; new rifle range, 273
London .School Board, election, 267,
355, 380, 401, 437; first school
opened, 285 ; Sir C. Reed, el. chair-
man, 287 ; entertained at Mansion
House, 294 ; protest against increased
rateof,32i-2, 366; scholarships presen-
ted by Drapers' Company, 322 ; pro-
test against growing expenditure, 3C6
London, Shoreham and Brighton Rail-
way, constructed, 176
London Society for Extension of Uni-
versity Teaching, grant of Corpora-
tion to, 422
I^ondon Stereoscopic Company, 375
London Tavern built, 18 ; American
war fund, 54 ; Admiral Keppel at,
56 ; banquet to Lord Rodney, 66 ;
meeting of Livery at, 94; meeting of
merchants, 128 ; Duke of Clarence
dines at, 139 ; demolished, 301
London Trades Council, Corporation
donation to, 425
London Tribunal of Commerce estab-
lished, 278
London University. See University
College
London Wall, antiquities discovered in,
248-9 ; Roman remains discovered
in, 254 ; Presbyterian Church re-
moved to Dalston, 212
London Wall, Old, portion discovered,
374-5. 398
London Workhouse, prisoners from
Ludgate removed to, 4 ; used as an
asylum, 123-4 ; removed, 199
London's Additional Force Act re-
pealed, 122
London's Roll of Fame published,
371
Long Lane, fire in, 80 ; houses de-
molished, 364
Lord Mayor, allowance increased, 51,
134 ; declared head of Royal Hos-
pitals, 190-1
Lord Mayor's banquet, not held, i,
134 ; George III at, 5 ; curtailed on
account of the King's illness, 75 ;
admission tickets, 96 ; Queen Victoria
at, 177 ; Gladstone's speeches at, 226,
338, 355 ; alteration in arrangements,
256 ; Earl Granville at, 278 ; Lord
Beaconsfield at, 303; M. De Lesseps
at, 364 ; Lord Salisbury at, 394 ;
I,ord Rosebery at, 437
Lord Mayor's proce.ssion, 5, 28, 161,
204, 394, 401, 407; omitted, 17, 72,
146 ; water procession discontinued,
212-3 ; spectacular element omitted,
253 ; compensation for injuries caused
by, 417
Lord Mayor's barge, 49 ; at Thames
Regatta, 162
Lord Mayor's carver, sale of office, 38
Lord Mayor's train bearer, office
abolished, 217
Lord's Day, report on violation of the,
170
Lome, Marquis of. Freedom of Tin-
plate Workers' Company, 374
Lort, Rev. M., death, 80
Lothbury widened, 224-5
Lotteries, drawn at Guildhall, 11 ;
petition to Parliament against, 42 ;
permission for use of Guildhall re-
fused, 43 ; Bill restricting sale of
tickets, 54-5 ; houses disposed of by,
122 ; at Coopers' Hall, 126 ; prize
destroyed by fire, 138 ; last drawn in
England, 160
Modern History of the City of London.
461
Loughton, householders' right of lop-
ping, 330 ; compensation paid to
inhabitants, 338
Loughton Public Hall, foundation-stone
laid, 362
Louis XVI executed, 83
Louis XVIII, address of Corporation
to, 140
Louis Philippe, King, Corporation
address, 188 ; attempted assassina-
tion of, 192
Louis, Sir Thomas, City Freedom, 122
Louise, Princess, birth, 194 ; visit to
St. Bartholomew's Hospital and
Smithfield Market, 258-9 ; opens
new hall at Inner Temple, 265 ; at
Guildhall, 378 ; at Mansion House,
391 ; at St. Bride Foundation In-
stitute, 430-1
Louise Victoria, Princess, birth, 250
Low, Mr., unsuccessfully contests City,
382
Lowe, Right Hon. R. , entertained by
Fishmongers' Company, 310
Lowestoft iishermen, relief fund, 419
Loyal London Volunteers, established,
85 ; at St. Paul's, 1 10 ; presented
with colours, no
Loyal London Volunteer Cavalry,
standard presented to, 112
Lubbock, Robarts & Co., union of
banking firms as, 225
Lubbock, Sir John, el. Vice-Chairman
ofL.C.C, 402
Lucas, Matthias Prime, Mayoralty pro-
cession of, 161 ; de.ath, 194
I^udgate removed, 2
Ludgate Circus, construction of, 246,
298 ; lit by electricity, 338, 382
Ludgate Hill, widened, 383, 405, 414,
425 ; new street from Holborn Circus
to, opened, 273
Ludgate prison, prisoners removed
from, 4 ; Lady Taylor's donation to
debtors in, 87
Lumley, Hon. William, City Freedom,
125
Lunardi, balloon ascent from Moor-
fields, 70
Lunatics. See Bethlehem Hospital,
City of London Lunatic Asylum
Lushington, Dr., City Freedom, 152
Lushington, Boldero & Co., stop pay-
ment, 135
Lushington, Aid. Wm., el. M.P. for
the City, 92
Lusk, Sir Andrew, el. L.M., 287 ;
created a Baronet, 290
" Lutine," H.M.S., gun recovered
from the wreck of, 391
Luttrel, Col., el. M.P. for Middlesex,
27
Lyall, G., el. M.P., for the City, 171,
184 ; death, 204
Lyall, George, unsuccessfully contests
City, 243
Lyall, Rev. W. H., 330
Lycett, Sir F. , knighted, 252
Lying-in Hospital, City Road, founda-
tion-stone laid, 34-5
Lyne, Rev. Leycester, sermons by, 251
Lynn, controversy with Corporation oi,
as to rights of London freemen, 78
Lyons, Sir E., City Freedom, 209
McArthur, Sir William, el. L.M., 338 ;
created K.C.M.G., 355
Macaulay, Mrs. C, statue in St.
Stephen's, Walbrook, 53
McAuslane, Rev. A., Pastor of Finsbury
Chapel, 231; farewell sermon, 331
McCarthy, H.P., executes bust of Rt.
Hon. R. Gurney, 355
M'CIintock, Capt. F. L., City Freedom,
223
Macdonald, Sir J. A., Freedom of
Turners' Company, 382
Macdonnell, G., found guilty of forgery,
285-6
Machinery, Sawyers protest against use
of, 24-5
Mackay, Alexander, executed in New-
gate, 255
Mackenzie, Rev. Preb., founds Cily of
London College, 361
Mackenzie, D. , Address on Central
Africa, 316
Macready, entertained at Hall of Com-
merce, 201
Magnay, Christopher, el. L. M., 153;
death, 160
Magnay, Sir Williatn, el. L. M., 187 ;
created a Baronet, 188 ; death, 268
Magnetic and .Submarine Telegraph
Companies, new building opened in
Threadneedle Street, 222
Magnus, Philip, Address at opening of
Finsbury Technical Institute, 357
" Magpie" Tavern, Aldersgate Street,
328
Maiden Lane, re-named Gresham Street
West, 191 ; improvement, 192
Mail coaches introduced by J. Palmer,
70
Maitland, Capt. Frederick, thanks of
Corporation to, 118
Malmesbury, Lord, ordered to quit
Paris, 93
Malta, cholera relief fund, 395
Manchester, Duke of, at the Guildhall,
235
Manchester Hotel, Aldersgate Street,
opened, 328
Manners, Lord John, unsuccessfully
contests City, 195
Mansel, Rev. H. L., el. Dean of St.
Paul's, 256 ; death, 270
Mansfield, Lord Chief J ustice, Wilkes
tried by, 12
Mansion House, illuminated on George
Ill's birthday, 20; King of Denmark
at, 25-6 ; Royal personages at Eas-
ter banquet, 106 ; poor rate assess-
ment, 141 -2 ; Viceroy of Egypt at,
233, 251 ; F.arl of Derby at, 236 ;
foundations restored, 242 ; Dowager-
Queen Emma of Hawaii at, 244 ;
King and Queen of the Belgians at,
247, 262 ; insurance of, 247 ; altera-
tions to railings and steps, 247 ;
banquet to celebrate completion of
Atlantic cable, 247 ; re-decorated,
253 ; Her Majesty's Ministers at,
260, 282, 302, 326, 399 ; ministerial
banquet abandoned, 336 ; meeting
for completion of St. Paul's Cathe-
dral, 265 ; band of the Garde de Paris
at, 268 ; M. Leon Say and M.
Vautrain at, 271 ; Congress of
Orientalists at, 290; L.S.B. at, 294 ;
Sultan of Zanzibar at, 296 ; meeting
for extension of University teaching,
297 ; officers of the Alert and Dis-
covery at, 304 ; M. Bonnet Duverdier
at, 307 ; Wyclifife quincentenary cele-
bration, 315 ; electric lighting, 315,
348 : Coachmakers' Company's ex-
hiliition, 323 ; Prince of Wales at,
325 ; Australian cricketers at, 336 ;
Municipal Councils of Paris and
Brussels at, 336 ; masonic banquet
336 ; meeting of the Topographical
Society of London, 337 ; attempt to
blow up, 341, 352 ; Rev. Dr. Moffat
at, 342 ; King of the Sandwich
Islands at, 344 ; delegates of the
Trades Union Congress at, 346 ;
meeting of London ChamlDcr of
Commerce 351, 357 ; meeting
denouncing Russian j^ersecutions,
351 ; meeting lor encouragement
of British Woollen Industries, 351 ;
meeting to establish a Royal College
of Music, 352 ; exhibition of Horners'
Company, 354 ; Embroidery exhi-
bition, 361 ; meeting for establish-
ing new diocese of Southwell,
361 ; exhibition of Irish lace,
361 ; Bechuanaland frontier ques-
tion discussed, 364 ; meeting of
religious representatives, 365-6 ;
Earl Granville at, 380 ; proposed
construction of subw^ays, 381 ;
journalists entertained at, 385 ;
meeting to consider erection of an
Imperial Institute, 386 ; deputation
from Irish Defence Union, 390 ;
Queen Victoria at, 391 ; Burgo-
masters of Brussels, Liege and Ter-
monde at, 394-5, 398 ; lecture de-
livered by Mr. John Morley at, 395 ;
tercentenary of shorthand celebrated,
395 ; meeting for establishing
a Polytechnic in South London,
398 ; Jubilee of the Queen's corona-
tion celebrated, 399 ; Hon. E.
J. Phelps at, 402 ; provmcial
journalists at, 403 ; delegates of the
World's Sunday School Convention
at, 405 ; meeting to oppose increased
Railway Rates, 406, 425 ; meeting
for advancement of commercial
education, 408 ; French Ambassador
at, 408 ; prizes awarded by London
Cliamber of Commerce distributed
411; Prince of Naples at, 416;
Prince of Bulgaria at, 420 ; M.
Waddington at, 425-6 ; meeting
in favour of opening Museums on
Sundays, 426 ; Roman Catholic
Bishops at, 427 ; prizes distributed
to Factory Helj^ers' Union, 427 ;
Institute of Journalists at, 430
462
Modern History of the City of London,
Mansion House Council, report on
dwellings for the poor, 366
Mansion House Justice Room, prisoners
to be sent to Clerkenwell, 348
Mansion House Street, improvement
of, 250 ; lit by electricity, 338
Manufacturing depression, 186
Mare Street, Hackney, girls' school
erected, 309-10
" Maria Wood," the Corporation barge,
constructed, 144; sold, 219, 224
Marine Biological Association, grant of
Corporation to, 372
Marine Society, foundation-stone of
house in Bishopsgate laid, 42 ; build-
ing erected, 46 ; boys supplied as
servants to naval officers, 105
Market tolls, 2 ; report of Royal Com-
mission on, 418
Markets. See Billingsgate, Columbia,
Deptford, Farringdon, Islington,
Leadenhall, Newgate, Paddington,
Shadwell, Smithfield
Marlborough, Duchess of, donation to
Irish Relief Fund, 330
Marlborough College, Rev. G. C. Bell
appointed Head-Master, 301
Marshall, Sir Chapman, knighted, 168 ;
el. L.M., 182; death, 231
Marshals. See City Marshals
Martin, R. B. promotes movement for
I^ondon Hospital Sunday, 278
Martin, Rev. W., el. on L.S.B., 401
Martinico Island, conquest of, 8
Martyrs' Memorial, Smithfield, un-
veiled, 263
Mary, Princess, birth, 51 ; married, 143 ;
at Guildhall, 235
Mary, Princess of Teck. See May,
Princess
Masonic banquet at Mansion House, 336
Masterman, John, el. M.P. for the
City, 184, 193, 201 ; death, 231
Masierman Testimonial Committee,
scholarship to C. of L. School, 219
Maud Charlotte, Princess, birth, 262-3
Mauritius Hurricane Relief Fund, 420
Mawbey, Sir Joseph, 72
May, Princess, engagement announced,
418 ; marriage, 428; wedding present
from the Corporation, 428 ; wedding
procession, 429 ; medal struck to
commemorate, 429
May Day, chimney-sweepers' proces-
sion, 105-6
Maynard, F., appointed Inspector of
Accounts of Metropolitan Railway
Company, 225
Maynwaring, el. M.P. for Middlesex,
69-70
Mayoralty, 700th anniversary, 390 ; re-
solution to celebrate, 403 ; medal
struck to commemorate, 406
Mayor's Court thrown open to all
barristers, 205 ; office of Registrar
separated from that of the Town
Clerk, 220
Meadows, Lieut. -Col. Sir Wm. , City
Freedom, 86
Meat Market. See Leadenhall, New-
gate, Smithfield Market
Mechi, Aid. J. J., death, 339
Medals, Corporation, descriptive ac-
count published, 439
Melville, Lord Viscount, allegations
against, 118
Melville, A., proceedings against Cor-
poration, 276 ; non-suited, 287
Memorial Hall, foundation stone laid,
275 ; opened, 292 ; meeting of Non-
conformists against Lord Beacons-
field's policy, 314 ; S. Morley's dona-
tion towards erecting, 386
Memorial tablets erected in the City by
Corporation and Society of Arts, 326
Mercers' Company, Freedom to Prince
of Wales, 236 ; entertain Prince of
Wales, 247 ; meeting of Associated
Livery Companies held in Hall, 308 ;
City and Guilds of London Institute
annual meeting, 351 ; Prince Albert
Victor admitted to Freedom, 384 ;
donation to technical education, 385 ;
contribution towards Queen's statue
for Royal Exchange, 412 ; Horsham
Grammar School, foundation-stone
laid, 422
Mercers' School, removed to College
Hill, 129 ; to Barnard's Inn, 436
Merchant Taylors' Company, Hall
damaged by fire, 16 ; banquet in
honour of Mr. Pitt, 107 ; barge, 121,
162 ; meeting of merchants and
bankers, 131 ; Emperor of Russia
and King of Prussia entertained, 140 ;
Freedom to Lord Sidmouth, 149 ; and
Municipal Corporations Commission-
ers, 171-2; Sir Robert Peel enter-
tained, 174, 180 ; Hall re-built, 189 ;
improvements to Hall, 216 ; Freedom
to I^ord Clyde, 226 ; PVeedom to
Duke of Edinburgh, 247 ; Mr. Disraeli
entertained, 255 ; Eognor Conva-
lescent Home opened, 265 ; Freedom
to Mr. Disraeli, Lord Derby, and
Marquis of Salisbury, 290 ; Marquis
of Salisbury, and Earl of Derby
entertained, 308 ; bell presented to
St. Paul's, '312; Freedom to Lord
Cranbrook, and Sir S. Northcote,
332 ; Freedom to Sir F. Roberts,
338 ; Duke of Connaught takes up
Freedom, 360 ; Freedom to Mr. A.
J. Balfour, 419-20 ; Freedom to
Prince George, Duke of York, 425 ;
donation for technical education, 385
Merchant Taylors' School, proposed
removal to Charterhouse, 260 ;
Dr. Hessey resigns Head Mastership
and is succeeded by Rev. W. Baker,
267 ; new buildings opened, 293-4
Mercier's picture, "The Condemned
Cell " presented to Corporation, 260
Merewether, Sergeant, Town Clerk,
retires, 218
Metage, Corporation abandons its right
to compulsory, 279
Metage on Grain Act, passed, 279
Meters, compensation to, 287
Metropolis. See London, Municipal
Government Reform, Drainage,
Police, Poor, etc,
Metropolis Poor Act Amendment Bill
passed, 259. See City of London
Union, Poor
Metropolitan Board of Works, created,
205 ; Act of constitution passed, 208 ;
meetings held in Guildhall Council
Chamber, 209 ; main drainage
scheme, 218 ; Corporation's visit of
inspection, 240 ; proposed extension
of authority, 250 ; bridges opened by,
318
Metropohtan Cattle Market. See
Islington Cattle Market
Metropolitan Cattle Plague Committee,
243
Metropolitan Drawing Classes, prizes
distributed by Prince Leopold, 337
Metropolitan Evening Classes, after-
wards called City of London College,
361
Metropohtan Gas Act passed, 241 ;
petition for amendment, 250
Metropohtan Improvement Rate Bill,
protest against, 250
Metropolitan Municipal Association,
formation of, 249 ; first annual meet-
ing. 251
Metropolitan Railway, proposed con-
struction, 218 ; Corporation assist in
construction, 222 ; power of Cor-
poration to appoint three directors,
223-4 ; first journey, 230 ; damage
done by the falling in of the Fleet
Sewer, 232 ; additional funds raised,
233 ; trial trip, 233 ; opened to public
from Farringdon Street to Padding-
ton, 234 ; Corporation dispose of a
portion of their shares, 234 ; number
of passengers, 260, 346 ; proposed
construction from Blackfriars to
Mansion House, 260-1 ; invesiigation
Committee formed, 276 ; extension
from Aldgate to Trinity Square,
346
Meux, Sir H. B., stones of Temple
Bar presented to, 319, 392
Middle Class education in the City,
scheme, 244 ; donation of Corpora-
tion towards, 245
Middle Temple Law Library, founda-
tion-stone laid, 218 ; opened, 230
Middlesex, City's right to elect Sheriffs
abolished, 405
Middlesex Street. See Petticoat Lane
Midland Railway Goods Station,
Whitecross Street, erected, 292
Milborne, Sir J., erects almshouses in
Cooper's Row, 230
Mile End, poor of, neglected by Gov-
ernment, 124
Miles, Sir Jonathan, knighted, 125 ;
charged with neglect of duties as
Sheriff, 125
Militia, London Militia Bill, 85-6, 88 ;
new uniform, 88 ; committee's request
to Hon. Artillery Company for use of
armoury house, 91-2 ; right to march
through the City questioned, 25 1
Militia, East London, inspected by
George III, 99
Milk Street, fire in, 237
Modern History of the City of London.
463
Mill, J. S., Bill for establishing Munici-
pal Corporations. 251 ; unsuccessfully
contests Westminster, 257
Miller, a printer, arrested for printing
1 louse of Commons debates, 36
Mills, Mr. claims an interest in Epping
Forest, 320
Milman, Dean, death, 252
Milne, Sir David, City Freedom, 145
Milton, John, grave disturbed, 80 ; bust
in .St. Giles', Cripplegate, 84 ; house
in Barbican, demohshed, 240; bust on
site of AUhallows', Bread Street, 302
Milton Street, name changed from
Grub Street, 167
Mincing Lane, Colonial warehouses
erected in, 226
Minories, escape of a tiger in the, 212
Mint, robbery at the, 99 ; coinage re-
moved from Tower to the, 134 ; fire
at, 142; office of Warden abol., 147
Mirabeau, house in Hatton Garden, 70
Mirehouse, John, death, 197
Mitcham Common, donation of Cor-
poration towards preserving, 422
Mitchell, Vice-Admiral Andrew, City
Freedom, 100
Mitchell, T.A., bequest to City, 360
Mofi'at, Rev. D. , Freedom of Turners'
Company, 312 ; at Mansion House,
342
Monaco, Duke of, at Mansion House,
24
Monckton, Sir J. B., el. Town Clerk,
285
Money-lenders, extortionate interest
charged by, 121
Montague,W., designs Farringdon Fruit
Market, 160
Monte Video, captured by English, 125
Montefiore, C. J., el. on L.S.B,, 437
Montefiore, Sir Moses, el. Sheriff, 177;
thanks of Corporation to, 238 ; pre-
sents window for Guildhall, 260 ; re-
turn from Russia, 276 ; return from
Jerusalem, 297 ; Corporation's con-
gratulations on his looth birthday,
364; donation to Mansion House Poor
Box, 365 ; death, 379
Monlhly Magazine, 183
Montreal, fire at, 20
Monument, suicides from, 75, 132, 182,
186 ; inscription altered, 166-7 !
office of Keeper abolished, 410; num-
ber of visitors, 423
Monument Street, constructed, 365 ;
opened, 392-3
Moon, .Sir Francis Graham, el. L. M.,
206 ; created a Baronet, 207 ; receives
gold snuff-box from King of Sardinia,
208 ; presents bust of Queen Victoria
to Corporation, 208 ; death. 270-1
Moore, George, death, 303
Moore, Sir John, monument in St.
Paul's, 129
Moore, Sir John Voce, knighted, 435
^loorfields, prisoner rescued from
watch-house in, 48 ; balloon ascent
from, 70 ; highwaymen in, 107
Moorfields Roman Catholic Chapel
opened, 150; disturbance at, 153
Moorfields rioters, 14 ; leaders com-
mitted to Newgate, 53
Moorgate sold, 3 ; materials re-pur-
chased by Corporation, 9
Moorgate Street constructed, 192 ; Eyre
almshouses removed from Ijack of,
432
Moreton, Sir William, Recorder, I ;
death, 12
Morfa Colliery disaster relief fund, 409
Morley, Right Hon. John, at Mansion
House, 395
Morley, S., el. on L.S.B., 267, 287 ;
motion for inquiry into Parochial
Charities, 305 ; death, 386
Morning Advei-tiser first issued, 203
Morrison, James, death, 212
Mortimer, Rev. Dr. G. F. W., City
Freedom, 194 ; resigns Head Master-
ship of City of London School, 241 ;
death, 270 ; memorial prizes founded
by Corporation, 275
Moseley, Messrs., design City Bank,
210
Moss, Capt. , monument in St. Paul's,
104-5
Moxhay, Edward, erects Hall of Com-
merce, 188, 191
Moyes, E., convicted of forgery,
285-6
Moyes, Margaret, suicide of, 182
Muggeridge, Sir Henry, knighted, 207 ;
unsuccessfully contests Mayoralty,
230 ; resigns office of Alderman, 231
Municipal amenities exchanged with
France, 271
Municipal Corporations, proposed mea-
sure for superannuating officers of,
294
Municipal Councils of Paris and
Brussels, representatives entertained
at Mansion House, 336
Municipal Government Reform, Mu-
nicipal Corporations Enquiry Com-
mission, appointed, 171 ; presents
special report on City, 177 ; Com-
mittee of Co. Co. on Corporate
Reform, dissolved, 176; Commission
of Enquiry into Corporation, 203 ;
report presented, 205 ; Sir George
Grey's Bill for better regulation of
the Corporation, 209 ; draft Bill of
Reform prepared by Corporation En-
quiryCommittee, 213-4 ; Government
Bill introduced, modified by a Select
Committee, but not proceeded with,
215-6; Ward and Livery meetings
against, 215, 217; Corporation pro-
posal to reduce number of Wards to
twenty, 215 ; further Government
measure announced, 219 ; introduced
by Mr. Disraeli, 220 ; Sir G. C.
Lewis's Bill "for better regulation of
the City of London," 222 ; Bill again
introduced, 223 ; subject referred by
Co. Co. to a special Committee, 254 ;
proposal of Select Committee on
Metropolitan Government to extend
jnowers of Met. Board of Works over
all London, 250 ; Mr. J. S. Mill's
Bill for converting parliamentary
boroughs into municipalities, 251 ;
principle of this Bill approved by
Corporation, 265, 380 ; three new
Bills: — Municipal Boroughs (Metro-
polis), County of London, and Cor-
poration of London, 264; Municipal
Boroughs (Metropolis) Bill passes
second reading, 265 ; Lord Elcho's
County and Municipality of London
Bill, 293 ; his resolution in favour of
one Municipality, 301 ; Corporation's
protest against Prisons Bill, 301 ; Sir
U. K. Shuttleworth's motion in
favour of London Municipal Reform,
defeated, 315; Mr. Firth's Munici-
pality of London Bill, 333 ; question
discussed by Corporation, 348; Special
Committee appointed by Corporation
to consider question, 351 ; measure
announced in Queen's speech, 351 ;
reference to Bill by Mr. Gladstone,
355 ; copies of Corporation accounts
and reports supplied to Home .Sec-
retary, 357 ; Government Bill with-
drawn, 361 ; new Bill introduced by
Sir W. Harcourt, 366 ; numerous
meetings and petitions against the
measure, 367 ; report of Special Com-
mittee thereon, 367 ; order for second
reading discharged, 371 ; Bill of Mr.
L. H. Isaacs for creating twelve
Municipalities, 390 ; nine Munici-
palities suggested by Special Com-
mittee, 396 ; Royal Commission to
consider conditions of amalgamation
of City and County of London, 426 ;
statement presented by Corporation
to the Commission, 430; question
raised as to scope of the Inquiry,
430 ; Corporation witnesses with-
drawn, 431 ; City Solicitor retires
from the Commission, 432
Murray, A., City Surveyor, designs new
City of London Court, 401
Musgrove, Sir John, el. L.M., 198;
death, 347
Music, encouragement of education in,
by Corporation, 285 ; grant for ex-
hibiiions, 299, 347-8. See also Guild-
hall School of Music
Musicians, Street, 227, 432
Myddleton, Sir Hugh, statute in new
Royal Exchange, 189
Mylne, Robert, designs Blackfriars
Bridge, 28; buried in St. Paul's, 135
Napier, Lord, appointed Constable of
the Tower, 389 ; death, 408
Napier. Sir Charles, City Freedom, 184 ;
monument in St. Paul's unveiled, 223
Napier, Sir R.. City Freedom, 255
Napier, Sir W, F. P., statue in St.
Paul's unveiled, 234
Naples, Prince of, at Mansion House,
416
Naples cholera relief fund, 370
Napoleon I, el. First Consul of France,
lOI ; proclaimed Emperor of the
French, 112; decrees against British
commerce, 123 ; abdication of, 140 ;
rumour of his death, 140
464
Modern History of the City of London.
Napoleon III, enterlained al (niiklhall,
207 ; medal struck to commemorate
visit, 207 ; attempted assassination.
207, 214 ; address of Corporation to,
251 ; rumour of his death, 25S ;
funeral, 280
Nares, Sir G. S., Freedom of Ship-
wrights' Company. 305
iS'ash, Wm., el. L.M., 39; censured
for not summoning Co. Hall, 41
National Artillery Association, grani by
Corporation to, 312
National Association for the Promotion
of Social Science, congress held at
Guildhall, 232
National Debt, increase of, 88
National Rifle meeting at Wimbledon,
247
National Safe Deposit Company's pre-
mises, foundation-stone laid, 286
National School children examined at
the Mansion House, 147
National Sunday League, petition for
opening Guildhall Library on Sun-
days rejected, 395-6
National Training School of Music,
proposal to establish, 296; scholar-
ships presented by Corporation, 299
National Union of the Working
Classes, 171
Naval Exhibition, donation of Cor-
poration, 412 ; Nelson relics exhibited
by Corporation, 416-7
Naval Victories, thanksgiving at .St.
Paul's, 95
Navigation Barge at Thames Regatta,
162
Navy, meeting to consider condition
of, 375-6
Neale and Down, banking house stop
payment, 41
Neapolitan exiles, donation of Corpora-
tion to, 222
" Nell Gwynn " charity, 266
Nelson, George, el. L.M., 17 ; death,
94
Nelson, Lord, City freedom, 94, 97 ;
destroys French fleet, 97 ; presents
French admiral's sword to City, 97 ;
bust presented to Corporation, 99 ;
sword presented by Corporation to,
103 ; at L.M.'s banquet, 103 ;
carriage in L.M.'s show, 105 ; thanks
of Corporation, 113; death, 119;
funeral procession, 121 ; statue in
Guildhall unveiled, 134; Monument
in St. Paul's unveiled, 147 ; Nelson
relics at Naval Exhibition, 417
Nelson, T. J., el. City Solicitor, 234 ;
death, 373
Nelthropp, Rev. H. L., presents
watches to Clockmakers' Company,
436
Netherlands, King of, Corporation
address to, 354 ; death, 412
Netherlands, proclamation of peace
with, 70 ; war declared by France
with, 83 ; donation of Co. Co. to
British troops in, 84 ; revolution in,
139; floods in, 150; visit of Cor-
poration to, 354
New Bridge Street, proposed new street
from St. Paul's to, 158 ; lit by elec-
tricity, 338 ; widened, 364
New Cross Institute, proposed erection,
401 ; opened. 416
New Register Book of shipping started
in opposition to Lloyd's, loi
New River Company, value of a share
in, 18, 217; foundation-stone for
new offices, laid, 34 ; leases of Lon-
don Bridge Waterworks transferred
to, 154 ; power obtained to tax
London district, 202 ; Corporation
apply for a constant supply of water.
265
Newberry, John, publisher, death, 24
Nevvbon, Dr., installed Dean of St.
Paul's, 26
Newcastle, Duke of, el. on L. S. B. ,
437
Newgate Market, City's right to tolls
in, 2 ; proposal to abolish, 228 ; site
sold, 263
Newgate prison, Chapel damaged by
fire, 9 ; Government requested to
assist in re-building, 13 ; money
raised for repair.s, 22 ; foundation-
stone laid, 34 ; escape of two prisoners,
53 ; riot in, 53, 143 ; fund for re-
building, 54 ; burnt by Gordon
rioters, 60 ; money granted by Par-
liament for rebuilding, 63 ; guards
placed in, 68 ; prisoners executed
outside, 69, 70; cost ofrebuilding, 72 ;
crowded state, 73, 76, 79 ; death of
Lord Geo. Gordon in, 84 ; suicide in,
84 ; outbreak of gaol fever, 87 ; acci-
dent to spectators at execution, 124 ;
used for felons only, 142 ; visit of
L. M. to Keeper on first day of
Bartholomew Fair discontinued, 146 ;
Mrs. Fry's work among female
prisoners in, 148; Sir John Hobhouse
committed to, 152 ; attempted escape
of convicts from, 154, 157, 172 ;
number of prisoners in, 156 ; re-
capture of an escaped convict, 176 ;
improvements in, 178, 214; day for
executions altered, 241 ; Fenians in,
255 ; the first execution to take place
inside, 255 ; used only for capital
charges and executions, 305 ; forged
letter for release of a condemned
prisoner, 330
Newgate Street widened, 185
Newnham, N., el. L.M., 65 ; el. M.P.
for the City, 62, 69 ; loses his seat
for the City, 80 ; death, T32
Newspaper rooms, owners fined for
lending papers on hire, 99
Newspapers, daily, number of, 126, 137
Newton, Aid., visit to Kendal, 402
Newton, Rev. John, death, 126
Newton, Rl. Rev. Thomas, Dean of St.
Paul's, death, 65
Nicholson, Margaret, attempt on life of
George III, 72
"Night-watch," the, 170; expense of,
172
Nile, Battle of, 97
" Nisero^^ fund for captive crew, 372
Nissen. Mr. Ex-Sher. , drawings of old
London Bridge presented to Corpora-
tion, 270
Nixon, Samuel, sculptor of statue of
William IV, 189
Noble, Mr., executes bust of Earl
Canning, 238
North, Lord, threatened by the mob,
36 ; resigns his seat in the Ministry,
66
North Briton newspaper burnt by
common hangman, 10
North Coast Fishermen Relief Fund,
3°5-6, 359
North East Volunteers, no
North London Railway, extended to
Broad Street, 244
North Metropolitan Tramways Exten-
sion Bill defeated, 307
North West passage, Capt. Ross's
expedition to discover, 172
Northcote, Sir S., Freedom of Merchan
Taylors' Co., 332. See Iddesleigh
Northesk, Lord, City Freedom, 119,
133
'■ Northfleet " Relief Fund," 281
Norton. .Sir F., City Freedom, 52-3
Nott, Sir William, City Freedom. 189 ;
death, 189
Nottage, George Swan, el. L.M., 371 ;
nominated Grand Officer of the
Royal Order of Takovo, 375 ; death,
375
Nottingham Technical Schools opened.
425
Niimisniata Londineiisia published,
439
Oath, petition against too common use
of, 165 ; allowed to be taken in various
forms, 167 ; petition against, on ad-
mission to Municipal offices, 195 ;
modification of Parliamentary, 217.
See also Religious disabilities
Offices, City, sale of, 3
Ogg, Sir W. A., knighted. 353
Ohio earthquake relief fund, 342
Old Bailey, new regulations, 39 ; pro-
ceedings at gaol delivery published,
49 ; new Session House built, 72 ;
dinners, revival of, 329 ; improve-
ments at, 432. See also Clerkenwell
Sessions House
Old Bethlehem, re-named Liverpool
Street, 165
Old Broad Street widened, 363-4
Old Change, new street from Budge
Row to, 112
" Old London,'' representation at
Health Exhibition, 367
" Old Simon " a vagrant, 73
Oliver, Aid. R., ordered to appear in
House of C, 36; committed to the
Tower, 36 ; expenses paid by Cor-
poration while imprisoned, 36-7 ;
visited by peers and members of
Parliament, 37; released from Tower,
37 ; presentation of plate to, 39 ; el.
M.P. for the City, 46 ; declines to be
nominated as L.M., 55 ; resigns
office of alderman, 55
Modern History of the City of London.
465
OmniLiUbes first started in the Metro-
polis, 164 ; number in London, 172 ;
improvements in, 226 ; fares reduced,
240
Onslow, Rt. Hon. Arthur, City Free-
dom, 3
Onslow, Sir R. , City Freedom, 95
Open Spaces, preservation of, 245, 291.
See also Bunhill Fields, Burnham
Beeches, Coulsdon Common, Epping
Forest, Farthing Downs Common,
Highgate Wood, Kenley Common,
Kilburn Park, St. Paul's Churchyard,
West Flam Park, West Wickham
Common
Opera House, Paris, opened, 292
Opie, John, R.A., death, 125
Orange, Prince of, at Guildhall, 235
Orchards in Leadenhall Street, 184
Orientalists, Congress of, at the Man-
sion House, 290
Orissa, relief fund, 248
Outram, Sir J., City Freedom, 219, 226
Overall, W. H., el. Corporation
Librarian, 241 ; death, 399
Overcrowding in the City, 246
Overend, Gurney & Co., 191 ; failure
of, 246 ; directors charged with
conspiracy, 258
Overseers, women qualified to serve as,
75
Owden, Sir Thomas Scambler, lays
foundation-stone of Bishopsgate Ward
Schools, 276; el. L.M., 312; death,
402
Owen, Lady, new scheme for charity
of, 297 ; schools at Islington erected,
348
Oxford, Edward, attempt to shoot
Queen Victoria, 183, 184
Oxford Press Warehouse, fire at, 34
Oyster Meters, offices re-purchased by
Corporation, 310
Oysters not to be landed on Sundays, 75
Paddington, Grand Junction Canal
opened, 107
Paddington Cattle Market, 107
Paddington Recreation Ground, grant
of Corporation towards purchase, 350
Paine, Thomas, trial for sedition, 83
" Paine's Age of Reason," penalties for
selling, 157
Painter Stainers' Company, F'reedom
to Sir J. Reynolds, 70 ; exhibition of
pictures, 225 ; new wing added to
Hall, 336
Paisley weavers, distress among, I77~8
Palliser, Sir Hugh, house attacked by
mob, 56
Palmer, J., Mail coaches introd. by, 70
Palmerston, Lord, at Lord Mayor's
banquet, 213 ; admitted a Brother of
Trinity House, 224 ; public funeral,
244 ; bust in Guildhall, 245
Parcels Post started, 361 ; new rates,
384
Pardoe, John, sued for not serving as
Sheriff, 80
Pardon & Sons, Messrs., premises
destroyed by fire, 366
Paris, Corporation visit to, 207, 292 ;
complimentary addresses exchanged
with Corporation, 207 ; siege of, 266,
268 ; address from Municipality of,
to Corporation, 271 ; representatives
of Municipal Council of, at Mansion
House, 336 ; floral gift from, to the
L.M., 337; inauguration of tele-
phone system between London and,
414
Paris Exhibition (1867), visit of Corpo-
ration to, 251
Paris Exhibition (1889), donation of
Corporation to British Section, 396 ;
representative body of London work-
men at, 403 ; visit of Corporation to,
404
Parish Clerks' Hall, fire at, 189
Parishes, number in London, 139 ;
beating the bounds of, 352. Sec City
Parochial Charities
Parker, Rear-Admiral, City Freedom,
94.
Parkins, Sher., absents himself from
Mayoralty procession, 149
Parliament, Bill to shorten duration of,
4°
Parliament, Houses of, dynamite ex-
plosion at, 377
Parliamentary Committee appointed by
Co. Co., 176
Parliamentary Reform, Earl Grey's
exertions on behalf of, 173
Parliamentary trains estabhshed, 212
Parnell, C. S., news of arrest of, re-
ceived at Guildhall, 347
Parochial Charities. See City Parochial
Charities
Parsons, connected with the Cock Lane
Ghost plot, 7-8
Pastoral of Bishop of London for obser-
vance of Good Friday, 53
Paternoster Row, fires in, 229-30. 366
Paterson, Deputy, schenne for raising
money, 22 ; plate presented to, 22 ;
interprets reply of King of Denmark's
speech, 26 ; lays foundation-stone of
Lying-in Hospital, City Road, 34-5 ;
death, 79
Paterson, John, el. Sheriff, 263
Patriotic Fund, Corporation's contribu-
tion towards, 206
Patteson, Sir John, appointed on
Corporation Enquiry Commission,
203
Pattison, James, el. M.P. for the City,
174, 177, 187, 193: death, 195
Paul and Manini frauds, 220
Paving, Act passed, 8, 18; additional
powers granted, 24 ; London Bridge
re-paved, 218 ; asphalte first used,
268 ; Col. Haywood's report on, 288.
See also Streets
Paviors' Company re-constructed, 407
Pawson & Co. , suspension of, 279-80
Payne, Serjeant, holds a Court-Leet in
Southwark, 225-6
Peabody, George, donations to London
poor, 231, 258, 289; City Freedom,
232 ; portrait presented to Corpora-
tion, 241 ; distributes prizes at Work-
ing Classes Industrial Exhibition,
246 ; address presented to. 252 ; statue
in Royal Exchange unveiled, 260 ;
death, 263
Peace, with France and Spain, 9, 10 ;
with America, 67 ; with France, 67 ;
with Spain, 67 ; envoy sent to Paris
to negotiate, 92
Peacock, James, architect of Stock Ex-
change, 105
Pearson, C. , City Solicitor, plan for a
Central Railway terminus, 200 ; plan
approved, 201 ; Corporation vote of
thanks to, 224 ; death, 233
Peckham, Robert, el. L.M., but ex-
cused from serving, 65 ; el. L.M. , 69
Peebles, A., designs Butchers' Hall,
380 ; appointed Architect and Sur-
veyor, 394
Peek, F., el. on L.S.B., 287, 303
Peek, Sir H. W., faculty refused to,
for alterations in .St. Mary-at-Hill,
348
Peel, Rt. Hon, Sir Robert, City l^ree-
dom, 163 ; at Merchant Taylors'
Hall, 174, 180; at Goldsmiths' Hall.
182 ; ministry of, 192 ; proposed
erection of memorial to, 197-8 ;
statue in Cheapside unveiled, 208
Pennant, Thomas, death, 99
Penrose, F. C. , designs St. Paul's
Cathedral choir school, 298 ; dis-
covers foundations of .St. Paul's Cross,
330
Pension Fund for Corporation officers
established, 430
Pensions, petition to Parliament against
increased expenditure on, 58
Pen-y-Craig Colliery Explosion, reUef
fund, 339
People's Palace, foundation-stone laid,
385 ; scheme for erecting, 386 ; Cen-
tral Hall opened by Queen Victoria,
391 ; Technical Schools opened,
401
Pepys, S., bust in St. Olave's, Hart
Street, unveiled, 366
Perceval, Rt. Hon. Spencer, shot in the
House of Commons, 136
Perchard, Peter, el. L.M., 113; death,
121
Perkins, Sir Frederick, el, Sher,, 276 ;
knighted, 285
Perring, Sir John, el, L,M., Ill ;
created a Baronet, 125
Persia, Shah of, at the Guildhall, 284 ;
medal struck to commemorate visit,
286 ; second reception at Guildhall,
405-6
Persia, famine relief fund, 332-3
Peru, earthquakes relief fund, 256
Peto & Betts, failure of, 246
Petticoat Lane, meeting of inhabitants
of, to protest against slanderous state-
ments, 218
Petticoat Square, Artizans' dwellings
erected in, 303, 316 ; opened, 373
Phelps, Hon. E. J., at the Mansion
House, 402
Philbrick, F. A., app. Legal Assessor
to Chamber of Arbitration, 423
000
466
Modern History of the City of London.
Philip, J. B., carves ornaments on
Blackfriars Bridge, 262
Philliraore, Sir Robert, address at
Guildhall, 326
PhilUps, Sir Benjamin Samuel, el.
L. M., 244; bust presented to Cor-
poration, 378 ; death, 406
Phillips, Sir John, City Freedom, 3
Phillips, Sir Richard, knighted as
Sheriff, 127 ; death, 183
Phillips, Sir Thomas, City Freedom,
183
Philpot, Archdeacon, martyr, 263
Phcenix Park murders, 352
Physicians, College of, dispute between
the Fellows and Licentiates, 24
Piccadilly, increased value of property
it), 13
Pickersgill, H. W., paints portrait of
G. Peabody, 341
Pickett, William, el. L. M., 79; death,
.92
Pickford, Aid., motion for demolition
of Temple Bar, 75
Pickle Herring Stairs, subway at, 264
Pickle Place, constructed, 134
Picton, Gen., remains removed to St.
Paul's Cathedral, 222
Piers on the Thames, improved plan
for constructing, 189
Pigott, committed for proposing
treasonable toasts, 84
Pillory, punishment by, 4-5, 14, 133,
136, 151, 165 ; Christopher Atkin-
son placed in, 72 ; Mr. Walter placed
in, 79 ; Lloyd placed in, 83 ; Red-
head, a brandy merchant placed in,
III ; Lord Cochrane condemned to
exposure in, 140
Pindar, Sir Paul, proposed demolition
of house of, in Bishopsgate St., 41 1-2
Pinmakers' Hall demolished, 99
Pirates, gang broken up, 43 ; punished
by sailors, 43 ; executed at Newgate,
238
Pirie, Sir John, el, L.M., 185 ; death,
200
Pitt, William. See Chatham, Earl of
Pitt, Rt. Hon. William, thanks of
Corporation to, 4 ; resigns office, 4 ;
takes part in L. M.'s procession, 5 ;
City Freedom, 69; vote of thanks
presented to, 76 ; consultation with
the corn factors, 78-9 ; motion of
thanks to the King for removing,
defeated, 106 ; entertained at Mer-
chant Taylors' Hall, 107 ; forms a
new Administration. 112; gazetted
Chancellor and Under Treasurer of
the Exchequer, 112; carriage drawn
by the populace, 113; entertained at
Grocers' Hall, 113; death, 122;
monument in Guildhall, 122, 138
Pitt Club celebrates anniversary of
Pitt's birth, 147
Plague pit, 326
Plate stolen from St. Paul's, 134
Platoff, Hetman Count, sword present-
ed by Corporation, 140
Playing Card Makers' Company, livery
granted, 83
Plomer, Aid., knighted, 131
Plomer, Sir William, el. L.M., 63;
knighted, 66 ; death, 105
Plumbe, Aid. Samuel, defeated in suit
against Corporation, 43; el. L. M.,
55
Plumbers' Company, donation towards
technical education, 351 ; scheme
for registration of plumbers, 379 ;
interest in the trade shown by, 425 ;
Registration Bill passed, 425
Plumptre, Rev. C. , death, 58
" Pochard," Relief Fund, 374
Pocock, W. F., erects Leathersellers'
Hall, 154-5 ; repairs Brewers' flail,
163
Poland, Sir William H., knighted, 168
Pole, Sir Peter & Co., failure of, 159
Police, City, number of, 124, 185 ;
regulations praised by Parliament,
136; re-organisation, 169-70; first
Commissioner appointed, 181 ; Me-
tropolis Police Act passed, 181 ;
Thames Police merged with Metro-
politan force, 182 ; Commissioner
Harvey's report, 186 ; proposal to
amalgamate Metropolitan and City
forces, 205 ; Sir G. Grey's Bill thrown
out, 235 ; Corporation petition against
Counties and Boroughs Police Bill,
209 ; overhead telegraphs established
for, 227 ; helmet adopted, 236-7 ;
increase of pay, 241 ; proposed new
station in Bow Lane, 313; new
station in Cloak Lane, 382 ; ward-
motes protest against Police Bill, 410
Polish refugees relief fund, 176
Pollard, A. T., el. Head-Master of
C. of L. School, 407
Pollock, Sir G. , City Freedom, 192
Pontypridd Colliery relief fund, 307, 430
Poor, duties removed from provisions,
13 ; price of coals reduced, 21 : pro-
visions distributed among, 24 ; dis-
tress among, 76, 150, 186, 191, 227,
245, 382 ; City kitchen for relief of,
192 ; lodging-houses provided for,
200, 201, 246, 293, 303; report of
Mansion House Council on dwellings
for the, 366 ; Peabody's donations to,
231, 258, 289 ; distress in the East
End among the, 247, 249 ; City
guardians amalgamated, 259 ; dona-
tion of Emperor of Russia, 289. See
also Artizans' Dwellings, City of
London Union
Poor Law Amendment Bill, Corpora-
tion seek to exclude the City from
the, 184
Poor Laws, Mr. Whitbread's motion
for improvement of, 124
Poor of Ireland, employment for, 195
Pope, A., supposed birth place, de-
molished, 279
Popham, Sir Home, City Freedom, 122,
126
Poplar, floods at, 399
Porson, Richard, librarian of London
Institution, death, 128
Port of London, Note on the, 114-117;
money grant for improvement of, 118
Port of London Sanitary Authority, the
Corporation legally constituted the,
279; limits defined, 361 ; precautions
for preventing increase ofcholera, 426
Port Royal, fire relief fund, 142
Port Sanitary Hospital, erected, 360 ;
opened, 366-7
Porter, amount brewed in London, 81
Porteus, Bishop, consecrates St. Peter-
le-Poor, 82
Portugal, King of, visit to London, 206
Portuguese Ambassador entertained at
City of London Tavern, 155
Posen, inundations relief fund, 398
Post Office, increased number of de-
liveries, 82 ; uniforms for postmen,
84 ; penny post established, 87 ; dis-
continued, 105 ; extension of postal
area, 167-8, 174; number of letters,
176; petition for reduced rate, 178;
penny post scheme, 182 ; system in
operation, 184 ; London postal dis-
tricts established, 214 ; fund for
establishing a Benevolent Institution,
329 ; Head Office kept in the City,
351 ; Penny Postage Jubilee cele-
brated at Guildhall, 409
Post Office, General, St. Martin's-le-
Grand, excavations for, 147 ; site for,
157-8; opened, 164 ; new building
(^Telegraph department), houses re-
moved for site, 263 ; foundation laid,
267 ; new building opened, 279 ;
additional building, houses removed
for site for, 398
Post Office Savings Bank removed to
St. Paul's Churchyard, 237 ; offices
erected in Queen Victoria .Street, 335
Potato famine in London, 191
Potter, G. W. K. , Secondary, death,
269
Pottinger, Sir Henry, City Freedom, 191
Poultry lit by electricity, 338, 382
Poultry Chapel erected, 150 ; site sold,
275 ; closing services, 276
Poultry Compter, prisoners released
from, 24 ; demolished, 147 ; business
transferred to City of London Court,
202
Povah, Rev. A., lays foundation-stone
of Sion College, 376
Pratt, Lord Chief Justice, Wilkes
heard before, 9-10 ; City Freedom,
13
Prebend Square, Islington, church
erected by Clothworkers' Company,
285
Prendergast, Michael, el. Under-Sher.
of Poultry and Giltspur Street Comp-
ters, 209
Prerogative Will Office removed to
Somerset House. 292
Prescott, Dimsdale & Co.'s Bank re-
moved to new premises in Cornhill,
423
Press, violation of the freedom of, 136
Press-gangs in the City, 35, 51-2; on
the Thames, 80 ; press warrants
issued, 74
Price, C. H. T. , married to Lady
Mayoress at St. Paul's, 310
Modern History of the City of London.
467
Price, Sir Charles, el. iM.P. for the
City, 107, 123, 125; el. L.M., loS;
el. Colonel of Farringdon Without
Volunteers, no; carriage drawn by
the populace, in ; Chief Baron's ad-
dress to. III; created a Baronet, 112
Price, J. K. , Descriptive account of the
Gicildhall published, 389
Price, Dr. R., Freedom of the Drapers'
Company, 49 ; City Freedom, 49
Prince Consort Memorial Window in
Guildhall, unveiled, 266
Princes Street widened, 174
"Princess Alice" relief fund, 317-8;
report of Board of Trade, 319
Printers, strike of, 1 17-8 ; sentenced for
printing on unstamped paper, 149 ;
punishment for selling seditious libels,
149-50
Printers' Pension Fund, 161
Printing in England, 400th anniversary
celebrated, 306
Prison Reform Bill passed, 44
Prisons, bad condition of, 56 ; improve-
ments in discipline, '70
Prisons Bill, protest of the Corporation
against, 301 ; passed, 305
Probate Act, protest of Corporation
against, 214
Proclamations in the City, i, 82, 95;
against seditious assemblies, 83
Property, increased value of, in the
City, 96, 238, 408
Protestant Asssociatons, societies
so-called, 59
Protestant clergy in Ireland Relief
Fund, 175
Protestants, prosecution in France, 142
Provisions, duty removed, 13 ; ex-
portation prohibited, 21 ; price of,
21-2, 40, 89, 138 ; distributed
among the poor, 24, 48 ; price re-
duced, 25 ; bounty for importation
of wheat, 42 ; scarcity of, 103-4, 135
Prudential Assurance Company pur-
chase Staple Inn, Holborn, 387
Prussia, King of, at the Guildhall,
140 ; address of Corporation to, 140
Prussia, Princess Louise of, marriage, 322
Public Advertiser, printed by H. S.
Woodfall, 120
Public-houses, renewal of license, 58 ;
number licensed in City, 96
Pullinger, G. W. , defrauds Union Bank
01 London, 225
Quays, legal, act to empower Treasury
to purchase, i lo-i
Quebec, fire relief fund, 249
Queen Street, Cheapside, widened,
^ 192, 361, 401 ; lit by electricity, 338
Queen Street Place lit by electricity,
338
Queen Victoria Street, opened, 271 ;
improvements in, 304 ; lit by elec-
tricity, 338, 382; fire in, 413
Queensland, floods reUef fund, 426
Radical demonstration at Smithfield, 149
Ragged School Union, contribution of
Corporation, 192
Ragged Schools of London, H. R.
Williams' address on behalf of, 342
Raikes, Robert, statue unveiled, 333
Railway Rates, protest against increase
of, 406 ; enquiry opened, 407
Railways, petition of Aldgate citizens
against, 175 ; City terminus proposed,
201, 204 ; Government control estab-
lished, 212; carriages improved, 226 ;
facilities for working classes, 227-8
Rainbow Tavern, Fleet Street, re-built,
226
Ram Inn, near Smithfield Market, 96
Raphael, Alexander, death, 198
Ratepayers, scheme for relief of, 374
Rawlinson, Aid. Walter, knighted, 44
Reade, C. , memorial in St. Paul's, 394
Record Office, new, erected, 214
Recorder, salary of, 314
Recreation ground on house-roof in
Bucklersbury, 436
Redhead, placed in the pillory, 1 1 1
Redistribution of Seats Bill, 373
Reed, Sir Charles, Chairman of Bunhill
Fields Preservation Committee, 261 ;
el. Chairman of L.S.B., 287 ; at
Mansion House, 294 ; opens Aske's
School at Hatcham, 297-8 ; opens
first City Board School, 324 ; death,
341-2
Rees, Dr. Abraham, death, 158
Reeves, Sims, Professor at Guildhall
School of Music, 422
Reform. See Municipal Government
Reform
Reform Bill, 1831, rejected by House
of Lords, 167 ; passed, 169 ; London
Almshouses erected to commemorate
passing of, 169 ; medal to commemo-
rate passing of, 169
Reform Bills, meeting at Guildhall,
220 ; meeting in favour of, 246,
247-8 ; meeting to consider the Lords'
Amendments, 252
Refuse, apparatus for consuming, 372
Regent, Prince. See George IV
Religious disabilities, petition to Par-
Hament against, 201, 2IO-II ; re-
moval of, 264 ; See also Catholic
Emancipation, Jewish disabilities,
Oaths, Roman Catholics
Religious Tract Society, established,
lOI
Remembrancer's office sold, 3
Remington, Stephenson & Co., stop
payment, 163
Renals, Sir Joseph, knighted, 429 ; el.
L. M., 436 ; opens St. Bride Founda-
tion Institute, 437
Rennie, John, engineer of London
Docks, 117; buried in St. Paul's,
153; arch, of new London Bridge,
158, 168
Renoux, Isaac, action against proprietor
of Jonathan's Coffee-house, 8
Representation, Committee for promo-
ting reform of, 65 ; petition to Parlia-
ment for equal, 67 ; Bill for abolishing
the Livery franchise, 414
Resurrectionists, punishment of, 54
Reynolds, Attorney to John Wilkes, 31
Reynolds, Sir J., first President of Royal
Academy, 26 ; Freedom of Painter-
Stainers' Company, 70; death, 81
" Rhin," a French warship, used as a
hospital, 360, 365
Richards, H. C, el. on L.S.B., 355
Richardson, Samuel, death, 4
Richmond, W.B., interior decoration
of St. Paul's, 437
Richmond Park, historical records of,
316
Riddlesdown Common, purchased, 355 ;
opened to the public, 360
Riley, H. T., editor of Memorials of
London, 250
Riots in the City, 26-7, 103-4, I45i 166
Riou, Capt., monument in St. Paul's,
104
Risca colliery relief fund, 336
Ritchie, Rt. Hon. C. T. , Local Govern-
ment Bill, 397
Ritualism, protest against, 252
River Fencibles organised, 194
Rivers, Gen. Pitt, discovers Roman
remains, 254
Rix, W., el. Town Cleik, 46
Roads, condition of, 17-18
Robarts, C. H., el. Remembrancer, 318 ;
dispute with his clerks settled, 323 ;
dispute with Corporation, 340, 358 ;
retirement, 340 ; grant from Corpora-
tion, 374
Robberies in London, Parliamentary
discussion on, 135-6 ; committed in
the City, 241 ; protection against,
242-3
Roberts, Rev. Dr., Head-master of St.
Paul's School, 141
Roberts, Lieut. -Gen. Sir F. , Freedom
of Fishmongers' and Merchant Tay-
lors' Companies, 338 ; Freedom of
Grocers' Company, 339 ; City Free-
dom, 340
Roberts, Henry, designs Fishmongers'
Hall, 172; designs London Bridge
Railway Station, 189
Roberts, Sir Owen, knighted, 395
Roberts, R. , designs City Carlton
Club, 329
Robinson, William, designs Royal
Exchange, 23 ; bequests of, 24 ;
architect of Excise Office, 29
Rochford. Lord, Lord-in-Waiting to
Geo. Ill, 30
Rockingham, Lord, Ministry of, 66 ;
death, 66
Rodney, Admiral, City Freedom, 58 ;
banquet to, 66 ; defeats French fleet,
66 ; monument in St. Paul's, 142
Rogers, Deputy, presents fountain to
St. Mary, Aldermary, 415
Rogers, Messrs., robbery from, in
Clement's Lane, 189
Rogers, John, martyr, 263
Rogers, Rev. W., Rector of St. Botolph,
Bishopsgate, 236 ; scheme for middle
class education, 244; el. on L.S. B. ,
267 ; laysfoundation-stone of Bishops-
gate Institute, 428 ; el. Chairman of
Board of Governors of Bishopsgate
Institute, 438
000 2
468
Modern History of the City of London.
Rogers, William, City Freedom, 126
Rogers's Almshouses, removed to
Brixton, 209, 218; donation of Cor-
poration to, 245 ; insurance of, 247 ;
allowances to inmates increased, 310
Rogers's Bank, removed to Freeman's
Court, 13s
Romaine, Rev. W., el. Rector of St.
Anne's, Blackfriars, 18 ; death of,
89-90
Roman Catholic Chapel, Moorfields,
communion plate presented to, 151
Roman Catholics, Relief Act passed,
58-61 ; admission to army and navy,
124 ; Anti-Papal agitation and pro-
tests, 198, 200 ; Roman Catholic
Bishops at Mansion House, 427. See
a/io Catholic Emancipation, Religious
disabilities
Roman remains, discovery of. See
Antiquities
Romney, Lord, lays foundation-stone
of Marine Society's new building,
42
Rose, Sir J. W., Recorder, death,
III
Rose, Aid. Sir W. A., and London
Rifle Brigade, 222; el. M.P. for
Southampton, 233; el. L.M., 233;
resigns governorship of the Irish
Society, 284 ; death, 343
Rose and Crown, Aldgate, demolished,
222
Rose and Crown tavern, Blackfriars,
332
Rosebery, Lord, supports scheme for a
South London Polytechnic, 398 ; el.
Chairman of L.C.C., 401-2; at
Bishopsgate Institute, 428 ; at L. M.'s
banquet, 437 ; opens Bishopsgate
Institute, 437-8
Ross, Captain, City Freedom, 172
Rossiter, Aid., complaint about I^.M.'s
speech to the King, 32
Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, el. W. J\
for the City, 193, 195, 201, 210, 211,
222, 243, 258 ; refusal of Parliament
to modify oath for, 198 ; resigns his
seat in Parliament, 211 ; takes his
seat in Parliament, 217 ; presents
scholarship to C. of L. School, 219 ;
loses seat for the City, 257, 288 ;
death, 323
Rowcroft, Major, Aid., in command of
Loyal London Volunteers, no
Rowe, Sir Thomas, L. M., 252
Rowlands, J., Bill for Abolition of
" Livery Franchise, 414
Royal Academy instituted, 26
Royal Agricultural Society, donation of
Corporation to, 396 ; scheme for
national registration of farriers, 409
Royal Bank of Scotland, site pur-
chased, 301 ; foundation-stone laid,
305
Royal College of Music, proposal to
establish, 352 ; donation of Corpora-
tion to, 353 ; opened, 359
Royal College of Veterinary .Surgeons,
scheme for national registration of
ffirriers, 409
Royal Courts of Justice, Commission
appointed for building, 242 ; pro-
posed construction, 282 ; Eastern
block completed, 323 ; buildings
opened, 355 ; City trials at Nisi Prius
to be heard at, 360. See also Law
Courts
Royal Exchange, proclamation at, i ;
attacked by a cow, 3 ; riot at, 10 ;
statue of George III in, 13 ; hay-
makers at, 20 ; fund for repairs, 22 ;
west end rebuilt, 23 ; Greshani lec-
tures at, 23 ; closed on Good Fridays,
53 ; proclamations of peace read at,
70 ; George Ill's visit to, 99 ; ancient
well discovered in front of, loi ;
business in foreign stocks transferred
to Stock Exchange, 155 ; destroyed
by fire, 178-9 ; new, excavations
for, 185; foundation-stone laid, 185;
opened by Queen Victoria, .188 ;
medal struck to commemorate open-
ing, 188 ; opened for business, 190 ;
open-air services at, 218-9 ! drinking
fountain erected at, 219, 329-30 ;
Prince Consort's visit to, 224 ;
Peabody statue unveiled, 260 ; electric
lighting, 315, 338, 382 ; Sir R. Plill's
statue unveiled, 353 ; Mr. Barry's
design for covering over, accepted,
357; Queen Victoria's statue in, 412:
panel decorations, 431
Royal Exchange Buildings erected, 192
Royal Exchange Volunteers, 1 10
Royal General Dispensary, Bartholo-
mew Close, founded, 35 ; new build-
ing erected, 339
Royal Institute of British Architects,
report on City churches, 307
Royal Jennerian Society established,
108
Royal Orlhopiedic Hospital, contribu-
tion of Corporation to, 192
Royal School of Art Needlework, Em-
broidery Exhibition, 261
Royal Society House destroyed by fire,
309
Royal Windsor Tapestry Works, 378
Rundell and Bridge, Messrs., royal
crown made by, 152
Ruskin, J., lecture delivered at Christ's
Hospital by, 300
Russell, Lord John, City Freedom, 167 ;
el. M.P. for the City, 184, 193, 201,
205-6, 210, 222 ; address to City
electors, 192 ; ministry of, 192, 245 ;
re-elected Foreign Secretary, 203 ;
raised to the Peerage, 229 ; opens
Cowper Street Schools, 285 ; bust
ordered by Corporation, 342
Russell, Lord William, murder of, 184
Russia, Alexander I, Emperor of, enter-
tained by Corporation, 140
Russia, Alexander II, Emperor of,
presents book to Corporation, 239;
attempted assassination of, 251 ; en-
tertained at Guildhall, 289 ; medal to
commemorate visit, 289 ; donation to
poor of London, 289 ; assassinated, 341
Russia, Alexander III, Emperor of,
death, 437
Russia, fleet captured, 127 ; war with,
205 ; disturbances in, 313; gift from
Corporation to the Jews of, 351 ;
meeting to protest against persecution
of Jews in, 412-3
Russo - Turkish War, Cily supports
Beaconsfield Government, 313-4
Rutson, A., el. on L.S.B., 401
Rylands, Messrs., premises destroyed by
fire, 355
Saddlers' Company, Hall built, 15S !
dispute with Kay Dimsdale settled,
236 ; scholarships at the City of
London School, 289, 304 ; saddlery
exhibition at Hall, 420 ; Freedom
presented to Duke of Connaught,
428
Sadler's Yard, Smithfield Club Cattle
Show held at, 137
Saffron Hill, disturbances among
weavers, 24
Sailors, strike for more wages, 24 ;
dispute with Coalheavers, 25
Sailors' Home, founded, -167
Sainsbury, Thomas, el. L. M., 72
St. Albans Abbey, window restored by
Corporation, 326
St. Alphage, London Wall, rebuilt, 54
St. Andrew Undershaft, Mary Datch-
elor's charity, new scheme, 269-70
St. Andrew, Holborn, iron coffins not
allowed, 149, 152; repaired, 201;
167th anniversary, 269 ; restoration,
276-7
St. Anne, Blackfriars, Wycliffe quin-
centenary celebrated at, 315
St. Anne's Society, new building at
Red Hill, 379-80
St. Antholin, Watling Street, demo-
lished, 292 ; memorial unveiled, 339
St. Augustine, Old Change, restored,
165, 318
St. Bartholomew by the Exchange,
demohshed, 184, 199
■St. Bartholomew, Moor Lane, church
erected, 199
St. Bartholomew-the-Great, Smithfield,
restored, 387, 414 ; north transept
re - ojjened, 428 ; foundation - stone
of parish schools laid, 399
Si. Bartholomew-the-Less, re-construct-
ed, 79, 156
St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in-patients
discharged, 2 ; managed by Court of
Aldermen, 22 ; Common Councilmen
appointed Governors, 68 ; fire, 134;
dispute as to L.M. being President,
237 ; visited by Queen Victoria and
Princess Louise, 258-9 ; drainage re-
novated, 315 ; new Library and
Museum, 323
St. Benet Fink, demolished, 189 ;
monuments removed to St. Peter-
le-Poor, 191
St. Benet Gracechurch, demolished,
247. 255
St. Bene't, Paul's Wharf, united with
St. Peter, Paul's Wharf, 325-6
St. Botolph Aldersgate, restored, 318;
churchyard opened to public, 336
Modern History of the City of London.
469
St. Botolph Aldgate, value of tithes,
342 ; dispute over tithes, 390 ; titlies
dispute decided, 391 ; protest against
Tithes Bill, 397
St. Botolph Bishopsgate, drinking
fountain opened, 225 ; restored, 315
St. Bride, 4 ; spire damaged by storm,
13 ; clock, 160 ; alterations, 237 ; re-
stored, 387
St. Bride's Avenue formed, 157
St. Bride's Foundation Institute,
William Blades library preserved in,
409 ; memorial stone laid, 430-1 ;
opened, 437 ; cost of erecting, 437
St. Bride's parish, boundaries, 73 ;
charities, 297 ; Youths' Institute, 351
St. Christopher-le-Stocks, Church de-
molished, 63
St. Clement Danes, stocks removed,
160
St. Dionis Backchurch, demolished.
317
St. Dunstan's College, opened, 400
St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane,
opened, 394
St. Dunstan-in-the-East, demolished,
146 ; foundation-stone of new church
laid, 146
St. Dunstan-in- the -West, Fleet
Street, demolished, 167 ; foundation-
stone of new church laid, 168 ; con-
secrated, 172 ; drinking fountain
opened, 225 ; Auriol memorial
window unveiled, 343 ; restored, 348
St. Edmund the King, services held by
Rev. L. Lyne in, 251
St. Ethelburga, rector sued for non-
residence, 102
St. Gabriel, Hayes' legacy to poor of,
152
St. Giles, Cripplegate, restored, 240,
336 ; pathway across churchyard,
311-2
St. Gregory, right of Canons of St.
Paul's to levy a tithe in parish of, 104
St. Helen, Bishopsgate, St. Marlin
Outwich united with, 28S ; Shake-
speare memorial window unveiled,
36s
St. Helen's Place built, loi
St. Helen's Priory, pulled down, 79,
lOI
St. James the Apostle, Islington, con-
secrated, 295
.St. James, Duke's Place, demolished,
292
.St. James Garlickhithe, restored, 313
St. John - the - Baptist, Walbrook,
memorial unveiled, 376 ; parish
boundaries beaten, 376
St. John's, New Brunswick, fire relief
fund, 309
St. John'.';, Newfoundland, fire relief
fund, 422
St. John's Chapel, Tower of London,
records removed to new Record
Office, 214
St. John's Gatehouse, restoration- fund,
191 ; contribution of Corporation,
192
St. Katherine Cree, restored, 323
St. Katherine's Docks, Bill for con-
struction, 157 ; strike of labourers. 611 ;
opened, 163 ; depth of water, 184
St. Lawrence, Jewry, fountain opened,
246
St. Leonard, Eastcheap, demolished,
, 247 ,
St. Luke's Parish, proposal to annex to
East London Unions, 252-3 ; church
restored, 313
St. Magnus the Martyr, (oivcr restored,
373
St. Margaret, Lothbury, restored, 343 ;
benefices united with, 378 ; .St.
Olave, Old Jewry, united with, 401 ;
screen from AUhallows-the-Great re-
erected in 435
St. Margaret Pattens, rector sued for
non-residence, 102 ; renovated, 328
St. Martin's-le-Grand, foundations of
Collegiate Church discovered, 147-8
.St. Martin Ludgate, distress warrant
issued to overseers. 305
St. Martin Outwich, destroyed by fire,
16 ; foundation-stonelaid, 92 ; conse-
crated, 99 ; united with .St. Helen,
Bishopsgate, 288 ; demolished, 292
St. Mary Abchurch renovated, 325
.St. Mary Aldermary, restored, 309 ;
drinking fountain, 415
St. Mary-at-Hill, interior re-fitted, 196;
churchwardens' dispute settled, 342 ;
permission to makealterationsrefused,
348 ; Rev. W. Carlile inducted, 416
.St. Mary A.\e, ward schools destroyed
by fire, 430
St. Mary-le-Bovv, Cheapside, new peal
of bells, 8, 160 ; dispute as to
patronage, 38 ; spire rebuilt, 151 ;
steeple unsafe, 160; restored, 328,
349 ; confirmation of election of Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 357
St. Mary Magdalen, destroyed by fire,
387
St. Mary Mounthaw, demolished, 249 ;
demolition of houses in the parish,
258 ; united with St. Peter, Paul's
Wharf, 325-6
St. Mary Somerset, demolished, 249 ;
united with .St. Peter, Paul's Wharf,
325-6
St. Mary the \'irgin, Aldermanlniry,
vaults filled in, 239
St. Mary Woolnoth, restored, 387
St. Matthew, Friday Street, restored,
336 ; united with St. Vedast, 354
St. Michael Bassishavv, Aid. Kirkman
buried in, 62
St. Michael, Crooked Lane, de-
molished, 167
St. Michael-le-Querne, dispute between
rector and churchwardens, 293
St. Michael, College Hill, altar-piece
painted by W. Hilton, 151-2
St. Michael, Cornhill, bells of, 18 :
bell ringing at, 19 ; restored, 224 ;
Prince Consort's visit to, 224
St. Michael's Alley, right of way dis-
puted, 321
St. Mildred, Bread Street, Rector sued
for non-residence, 102
Si. Mildred, Poultry, re-opened, 220 ;
closed, 273 ; demolished, 279
St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, united with
St. Peter, Paul's Wharf, 325-6
St. Nicholas Olave, churchyard laid
out, 217 ; united with St. Peter,
Paul's Wharf, 325-6
St. Olave, Hart Street, order to compel
payment of tithe refused by L. M.,
154 ; bust of Samuel Pepys unveiled,
366
St. Olave, Jewry, St. Mildred, Poultry,
united with, 273; condemned under
Union of Benefices Act, 370 ; united
with St. Margaret, Lothbury, 378.
401 ; divinity lecturer appointed, 381
St. Paul, Clerkenwell, church built,
273
St. Paul's Cathedral, petition of Cor-
poration for burial of Earl of Chatham
in, 55 ; monument to Dr. Johnson
erected in, 70 ; public thanksgiv-
■ngi 95 ; right of Canons to levy a
tithe in parish of St. Gregory, T04 ;
Hon. Artillery Company at, no ;
IvOyal London Volunteers at, IIO;
plate stolen, 134 ; thanksgiving ser-
vice for peace with France, 140;
opened free to public, 178; restora-
tion of paintings on dome, 205 ; fund
raised for holding evening service,
217; Sunday evening services com-
menced, 219 ; thanksgiving service
for restoration of peace in India,
222 ; organ jDurchased, 224 ; closed for
alterations, 226 ; fund raised for deco-
rating, 236 ; Dr. Salviati's mosaics,
240 ; western window unveiled, 250 ;
tomb and window erected in memory
of Dr. Blomfield, 256; window pre-
sented by Drapers' Company, 258 ;
scheme for completion, 265, 274 ;
charity children at, 269; thanksgiving
service for recovery of Prince of
Wales, 273-4 ; choir school erected,
298 ; attendance of Judges, 307 ;
marriage at, 310; interior of dome
decorated, 312 ; peal of bells added,
312-13; dedicated, 318; meeting of
clergy at, 314-15 ; discovery of site
of the old church, 320 ; new scheme
for Dean Clarke's charity, 320 ;
musical military ser-\-ice, 323 ; crypt
opened to public, 330 ; Sunday School
Centenary, 333 ; public appeal made
to purchase a great bell, 338 ; new
bell (Great Paul) dedicated, 353 ;
Colonial and Indian representatives
^'i 3S3, 384-5 ; socialists at, 390 ;
Queen's Jubilee thanksgiving service,
392 ; reredos erected, 396 : dispute
over reredos, 396, 416 ; Soudan cam-
paign memorial. 399; suicide in, 412 ;
position of Wellington monument
changed, 422 ; procession of unem-
ployed to, 425 ; new clock, 431 ; Mr.
Richmond's internal decorations, 437
St. Paul's Churchyard, railing erected,
288 ; laid out, 312 ; opened to public,
328 ; lit by electricity, 338. 3S2 ;
[iroposed enlargement of area, 382
470
Modern History of the City of London.
St Paul's Cross, foundations discovered,
33°
St. Paul's School, 400th anniversary,
133 ; Rev. Dr. Roberts Head-master
for forty-five years, 141 ; new build-
ing erected, 156 ; new school opened
at Hammersmith, 369 ; old building
removed, 382
St. I'eter ad \'incula, remains of persons
executed discovered in, 304
St. Peter Cheap united to St. Vedast,
354
St. Peler-le-Poor, pulled down and
rebuilt, 76 ; consecrated, 82 ; monu-
ments from St. Benet Fink removed
to, 191
St. Peter, Cornhill, restored, 279 ;
17th centenary, 326 ; renovated, 354
St. Saviour, Southwark, representa-
tives claim right to vote in election
of Alderman of Bridge Without, 419
St. Sepulchre, bell falls down, 164 ;
new roof, 178; fountain at church-
yard corner, 222 ; restored, 282 ;
dispute of Churchwardens. 319 ; dis-
pute settled, 326; renovated, 330-1
St. Stephen, Coleman Street, Eyre
almshouses removed, 432
St. Stephen, Walbrook, restored, 195
St. Swithin, London Stone, additions
to, 329
St. Thomas's Hospital, managed by
Court of Aldermen, 22 ; Common
Councilmen appointed as governors,
68 ; foundation-stone laid, 255
St. Vedast, dispute between rector and
churchwardens, 287, 293 ; rector
prosecuted for ritualistic practices,
320 ; church renovated, 354 ; St.
Matthew, Friday Street, united with,
354
St. Vincent, Earl of Seejsuvis, Adm.
Sir John
St. Vincent, hurricane relief fund, 389
Salamanca, victory of, 137
Sale, Sir R. H., City Freedom, 189;
death, 189
Salisbury, Marquis of, at L.M.'s
banquet, 394 ; Freedom of Merchant
Taylors' Company, 290 ; at Mansion
House, 302 ; at jlerchant Taylors'
Hall, 308 ; City Freedom, 317 ;
descended from a City Aid., 317 ;
Freedom of Grocers' Company, 384 ;
supports scheme for South London
Polytechnic, 398 ; speech on Local
Government Bill, 399 ; at Guildhall,
406, 416
Salmon, J., Ten Years'' Grmvth of the
City of London, published, 417
Salomons, Sir David, el. Sher. , 174;
first Jew el. Aid., 193 ; el. L.M.,
208 ; portrait presented to Corpora-
tion, 210; bust in C. of L. School,
223 ; presents window in Guildhall,
264 ; death, 285 ; bequests to Cor-
poration, 286 ; bequest to Guildhall
Library, 286, 296
Salomons, Philip, donation to Guildhall
Library, 193
Salonica fire relief fund, 412
Salters' Company, hall erected, 161 ;
almshouses in Monkwell Street
demolished, 237 ; new almshouses at
Watford, 239 ; present bell to St.
Paul's, 312 ; exhibitions established
at Universities, 326 ; Freedom pre-
sented to Earl of Shaftesbury, 367 ;
500th anniversary celebrated, 432
Sailers' Hall Chapel, demolished, 161
Salviati, Dr., executes mosaics in St.
Paul's, 240, 312, 437
Sanderson, Sir James, proposes meat
market regulations, 73 ; el. L.M., 82 ;
death, 97
Sandgate Landslip relief fund, 426
Sandwich Islands, King of, at Mansion
House, 344
Saracen's Head, Snow Hill, demolished,
254
Sardinia, King of, visit to City, 208 ;
presents medal to Corporation, 21S
Sargood, Butler & Nichol, Messrs.,
premises destroyed by fire, 356
Sari, Messrs., shop in Cornhill, 214
Sassoon, Sir A. D., presents scholar-
ships to C. of L. School, 285 ; City
Freedom. 284-5
Saumarez, Sir James, City Freedom,
108
Saunders, Cornelius, convicted at Old
Bailey, 12
Saunders, J. N., last Water Bailiff,
death, 225
Saunders, Thomas, death, 205
Saunders, Dr. W. Sedgwick, pamphlet
on '■TheGuildhaULibrary,"26o; lays
foundation-stone of new Guildhall
Library, 266 ; el. Medical Officer of
Health, 290 ; report on City water
supply, 383
Savile House, L. M. and Grocers' Com
pany at, 4
Saville, Sir G., house destroyed by
Gordon rioters, 60
Savory, Sir Joseph, el. on L.S.B., 380 ;
lays foundation-stone of \\'hitechapel
Free Library, 416
Sawbridge, Aid. John, el. Sher. , 27 ;
contests election for L.M., 39; sup-
ports booksellers' claim, 45 ; el. M.P.
for City, 46, 69, 80; el. L.M., 49;
presents petition against Excise Bills,
79 ; death, 88
Sax'e-Coburg, Duke of. City Freedom,
143
Saxe-Meiningen, Princess of, marriage,
147
Say, M. Leon, entertained at Mansion
House, 271, 385
Sayer, confined in Tower, 48
Sceptre found behind wainscoting of
old Jewel Office in Tower, 141
Scholey, George, el. L.M., 137 ; pre-
sents address to Princess Caroline,
138 ; death, 182
.School Board for London, City election,
287, 303, 329 ; thanks to Corporation
for use of Council Chamber, 290 ;
first meeting in new premises on
Embankment, 290 ; rate increased,
358, 380
School Children, dinner to, on George
IV's birthday, 150; national, exam-
ined at Mansion House, 147
Schreiber, Lady C, Freedom of Fan-
makers' Company, 417-8
Schwartzenberg, Prince, sword pre-
sented by Corporation to, 140
Sclater, Rev. Dr., presented by Grocers'
Company to Bow Church, 38
Scotland, distress in, 193
Scott, Benjamin, unsuccessful candidate
for office of Chamberlain, 204, 217 ;
el. Chamberlain, 218; appointed In-
spector of Accounts of Metropolitan
Railway Company, 225 ; Statistical
Vindication of ttie City of Londoji,
published, 250 ; reports refusal to
receive an apprentice at Bridewell,
255 ; dispute with Commissioner
Kerr, settled, 365 ; London's Roll of
Fame, published, 371 ; presides at
meeting of Glovers' Company, 384 ;
death, 418-9 ; bust placed in Guild-
hall, 419
Scottish Hall, Fleet Street, opened,
335
Seaham Colliery disaster, relief fund,
337
Seamen, demand arrears, 68 ; bounties
paid by Co. Co. to, 74, 80, 83 ; num-
ber of destitute, 144-5
Searle, Very Rev. Monsignor, presenta-
tion at a levee cancelled, 201
Secondary, sale of office, 269
Seddon, Mr., workshops in Aldersgate
Street burnt, 69
Sedition Bill, Royal Assent, 91
Seditious assemblies, proclamation
against, 83
Seditious libels, meeting of booksellers
and printers to consider punishment
for selling, 149-50
Seditious publications in City, 149,
Seething Lane, Roman remains dis-
covered in, 367
Seine, Prefect of the, entertained at
Guildhall, 295, 296
Selborne, Lord, opens new Guildhall
Library, 277 ; el. Chairman of asso-
ciated Livery Companies, 308 ; opens
St. Paul's School, Hammersmith,
369 ; opens Mercers' School in Bar-
nard's Inn, 436
Serjeant's Inn, windows of gateway
broken by mob, 37 ; building pur-
chased by Church of England Sunday
School Institute in, 340
" Serpent," H.M.S., relief fund, 418
Sessions House, Clerkenwell, petitions
to Pari, to raise money for a new, 54;
foundation-stone laid, 58
Sessions House, Old Bailey, erected, 72 ;
new building and Court House con-
structed, 132 ; insured, 247
Seward Street, Goswell Road, founda-
tion-stone of artizans' dwellings laid,
378
Seward Street burial ground, converted
into public recreation ground, 409
Sewell, W. H., el. sword-bearer, 223
Modern History of the City of London.
471
Sewers, perfect condition of, in the
City, 193 ; fall of part of Fleet
Sewer, 232 ; on Victoria Embank-
ment, 326. See also Commissioners
of Sewers', Drainage, Metropolitan
Board of Works
Shadwell Fish Market, Bill for estab-
lishing, 352 ; first piles, 374
Shaftesbury, Lord, establishes Field
Lane Institution, 186 ; unveils
Martyrs' Memorial, 263 ; entertained
by Fishmongers' Company, 310; 80th
birthday celebrated in Guildhall,
342 ; speech on Bechuanaland fron-
tier question, 364 ; at Mansion
House, 365 ; Freedom of Salters'
Company, 367 ; City Freedom, 368 ;
Corporation order bust, 380 ; pro-
posal to erect memorial to, 380
Shaftesbury Mouse, Aldersgate Street,
demolished, 356
Shakespeare, autograph acquired for
Guildhall Library, 188 ; memorial
window in St. Helen, Bishopsgate,
unveiled, 365
■' Shakespeare's London House,'' Al-
dersgate Street, demoHshed, 330
Shambles, proposed removal of, 228
Sharp, Granville, bust in Council
Chamber, 160
Sharp, J., proposes to cut canal, 44
Sharp, R. R., el. Records Clerk, 299 ;
London and the Kingdom ordered
to be prepared by, 406 ; issued, 433,
439
Shaw, Capt. Sir E. M., Freedom of
Coachmakers' Company, 417 ; retires
from Metropolitan Fire Brigade, 417
Shaw, Geo., suggests "Old London"
at Health Exhibition, 367 ; author of
Plumbers' Company's registration
scheme, 379 ;proposescommemorative
history of the City, 390 ; candidate
at L.C.C. election, 402
Shaw, Sir James, el. L.M., 119; el.
M.P. for City, 123, 125, 137 ; created
Baronet, 131 ; death, 187
Sheffield inundation relief fund, 238
Shelburne, Lord, el. First Lord of
Treasury, 66
Shelton, Thomas, death, 164
Shephard, Deputy, lays foundation-
stone of Gresham Almshouses,Brixton,
353 ^ .
Sheriffs, fine reduced for refusmg to serve,
210 ; privilege to present petitions
to Parliament 74 ; at Exchequer
Chamber, 92 ; number nominated for
election reduced, i86 ; Act to abolish
receipt of forfeited recognisances by,
261 ; new regulations for election,
320 ; annual sum paid to, 358 ; City's
right to elect, for Middlesex abolish-
ed. 405 ; annual allowance, 426
.Sheriffs' Court re-named City of London
Court, 254. See City of London
Court
Shillibeer, omnibuses first started in
Metropolis by, 164
Shiplake Island purchased by Corpora-
tion, 418
Shipwrights' Company, livery granted,
65 ; Freedom to Sir G. S. Nares,
305 ; exhibition in Fishmongers' Hall,
308 ; Freedom to Mr. W. H. Smith
an.l Sir Charles Adderley, 313
Shoe Lane, reading rooms in, 99
Shoe Lane Workhouse, Chatterton
buried at, 35 ; reading rooms in, 99
Shop Tax, agitation in City, 70 ; pro-
test of shopkeepers, 73, 74 ; House
of C. refuse to repeal, 75 ; Royal
assent to Bill for repeal, 78
Shorthand, tercentenary of, celebrated
at Mansion House, 395
Shurety. forged letter demanding re-
lease from Newgate of, 330
Shuttleworth, Sir. U. K., motion for
London Municipal Reform defeated,
315
.Sibley, follower of Joanna .Southcott.
14S
Sidmouth, Lord. Freedom of Merchant
Taylors' Company, 149
Sidney, Thomas, el. L.M., 204
■" Siege of Gibraltar," picture in Guild-
hall Art Gallery, 84
Signboards, complaints about, 18
Silber & Fleming, Messrs., premises
destroyed by fire, 356
Silk imported from France, 13, 14 ;
depression in trade, 19-20 ; fines
for importing, 20, 21
Silk-weavers, processions, 13, 20 ; riot
at Bethnal Green, 163
.Silvester, Sir John, Recorder, death.
154
.Simon, John, report on Smoke Nuisance,
197
Simpson, Dr., report on health of
Newgate prisoners, 79
■Simpson, Rev. Dr. W. S., inducted to
living of St. Vedast, Foster Lane,
354
Sion College, compensation for loss of
privileges of Copyright Act, 176 ;
almshouses removed, 191 ; site leased
by Corporation, 329, 363 ; new,
foundation-stone laid, 376; new
building opened, 387-9
Sixteen String Jack, convicted at Old
Bailey, 46
Skegness boat accident fund, 430
Skinner, Thomas, el. L.M. , 87 ; death,
121
Skinner Street, Holborn, named after
Aid. Skinner, 108 ; fire in, 138
Skinner Street School of ,\rt opened,
287
Skinners' Company, take part in L.M.'s
procession, 5 ; Ionic front of Hall
erected, 80 ; barge, 121 ; Hall re-
built, 199 ; freedom presented to
Lord Clyde, 226 ; scheme for school
at Tonbridge, 315 ; C. of L. Society
of Artists' exhibition, at Hall, 331 ;
donations towards technical educa-
tion, 351, 385
Slaughter-houses, proposed removal,
228, 275-6
Slave brings action against master for
wages, 43-4
Slave trade, j^etition against, 74 ; in
France, 140; at Algiers, 144; peti-
tion for abolition in British Colonies,
171 ; Clarkson's exertions to suppress,
180 ; mission to suppress, 277 ; treaty
with Sultan of Zanzibar for abolition,
289 ; treaty signed, 296 ; jubilee of
abolition celebrated at Guildhall, 369
Small-pox, decrease due to vaccination,
108
Smirke, Sir R., architect of new General
Post Office, 164
Smith, Sir C. F. , City Freedom, 184
Smith, Christopher, el. L.AL, 146
Smith, Edward, trial at Guildhall, 2
Smith, George, designs St. Paul's
School, 156
Smith, Sir H. G. S.. City Freedom, 192
Smith, Lt. - Col. Henry, appointed
Commissioner of City Police, 410
Smith, Joseph J., el. L.M., 134
Smith, Thomas, el. L.M., 131 ; death, 156
Smith, Rt. Hon. W. H., Freedom of
Shipwrights' Company, 313 ; Free-
dom of Stationers' Company, 333 ;
at Cannon .Street Hotel, 376 ; bust
ordered by Corporation, 417
Smith, Sir W. Sydney, City Freedom,
100, 105
Smithfield, Radical demonstration at,
149 ; fountain erected, 263 ; Martyrs'
Memorial unveiled, 263
Smithfield Cattle Market, regulations,
7) 5'i 73; quantity of cattle, 46;
treatment of cattle, 49 ; proposed
removal, 75 ; wife sale in, 96 ; pro-
posed enlargement, 119, 172; Re-
moval Bill, 129, 200; statistics, 167 ;
improvements, 181, 191 ; petitions to
abolish, 193, 195 ; closed, 207
Smithfield Market, New. See Islington
Smithfield Club Cattle Show, 137
Smithfield Fish Market, Fruit and
Vegetable Market adapted for. 348,
354 ; official salesman appointed,
357 ; opened, 359 ; financially un-
successful, 370-i ; post of official
salesman abolished, 371 ; reconverted
into Fruit and Vegetable Market
381 ; new. foundation-stone laid, 387 ;
erected, 401 ; converted into a Poul-
try and Provision Market, 407
Smithfield Fruit and Vegetable Market,
designs for, 290 ; resolution to erect,
290,325; foundation-stone laid, 331 ;
building converted to a Fish Market,
348, 354; converted into an annexe of
Meat and Poultry Market, 401 ; new
building proposed, 401 ; opened, 420
Smithfield Hay and Straw Market,
227 ; duty on hay, 58
Smithfield, Metropolitan Meal and
Poultry Market, proposed, 225 ; Bill
for establishing, 225 ; additional site
purchased, 237 ; excavations for
goods station beneath, 23S ; decision
to erect, 245 ; foundation-stone laid,
251 ; opened, 257-8 ; visit of Queen
and Princess Louise, 258-9 ; road
widened, 284 ; Fish Market converted
into addition for, 407
472
Modern History of the City of London.
Smiihfield Poultry JIarket, designed
by Horace Jones, 29S ; opened, 298
Smithfield Workhouse, dispute concern-
ing, 247
Smoke nuisance, report, 197
Smoke-Preventing Appliances' Exhibi-
tion, 348
Snow Hill, improvement, 85. 88
Snowden, Deputy, presents panel-pic-
ture for Royal Exchange, 431
Sonne, Sir John, designs Bank of
England Rotunda, 91
Socialist procession, forbidden to take
place, 386 ; in St. Paul's Cathedral,
390
Society of Artists of Great Britain,
charter of incorporation, 18
Society of Arts, co-operate with the
Corporation in erecting memorial
tablets in the City. 326
Society of the .Supporters of the Bill
(^f Rights, Wilkes' election expenses
discharged by, 37
.Solicitor. See City Solicitor
Sondes, Lord, lays foundation-stone of
London, Chatham and Dover Rail-
way Bridge, 236
Sophia, Princess, birth, 53
Soudan, meeting to consider Govern-
luent policy in the, 365
Soudan Campaign, memorial tablet un-
veiled in St. Paul's, 399
Soult, Marshal, at entertainment to
Queen Victoria in Guildhall, 180
South East Volunteers, no
South Eastern Railway, Cannon Street,
terminus opened, 248
South Kensington, Printing exhibition
at, 306 ; Smoke-preventing Appli-
ances' Exhibition at. 348
South Place Chapel, funeral service in
memory of W. J. Fox, 239
South Sea House, destroyed by fire,
159 ; re-constructed, 208
South Sea .Stock converted. 2o5
Soulhcott, Joanna, 141 ; followers of
148
Southey's Wat Tyler ^ injunction to
restrain publication of. refused, 145
Southwark, City's jurisdiction in, 184 ;
Town Hall wanted for, 245 ; in-
habitants claim right to elect Aid.
of Bridge Without, 419
Southwark Bridge, first stone laid, 141 ;
opened to traffic, 148 ; tolls purchased
by Corporation, 240, 242 ; Corpora-
tion resolve to purchase, 246-7 j ii*^
by electricity, 338
Southwell, fund for providing a new
diocese, 361
Spain, exiled Regent of, entertained at
Mansion House, 187
Spain, King of, kindness to the Jews
commended by the Corporation, 344
Spain, peace with, 9 ; disturbanees
between England and, 35 ; negotia-
tions for peace, 67 ; capture of two
British vessels, 79 ; convention sign-
ed, 80 ; declares war with Great
Britain, 93 ; fleet defeated by Sir J.
Jarvis, 93-4 ; naval defeat, 95 ; specie
taken from Spanish frigates, loo-i ;
Sir James Saumarez's naval victory,
108 ; declares war against Great
Britain, 117 ; victory of English
fleet off Trafalgar, iig ; jjeace pro-
claimed, 127 ; Spanish deputies enter-
tained at City of London Tavern,
127 ; at L.M's. banquet, 128 ; patriots
assisted by Great Britain, 127-8, 156;
Ambassador entertained at Cily of
London Tavern, 155 ; patriotic
struggles, 156 ; earthquakes relief
fund, 374 ; cholera relief fund, 380 ;
inundations relief fund, 417
.Spanish Ambassador's House demo-
lished, 189
Special constables enrolled, 194, 253-4
Spectacle Makers' Company, lively
granled. 132
.Spencer, Earl, City P'reedom. 169
Spicer, II., el. on L.S.B., 329. 355, 380
Spiller, John, death, 86
Spitalfields, neglect of poor at, 124
Spitalfields. silk-weavers, procession,
14, 19-20, 24 ; disturbances among
the « eavers, 24
Spottiswoode, G. A., unsuccessfully
contests L.S.B. , 303
Spottiswoode, Dr. W., death. 361
Sprigg, Sir J. G. , Freedom of Turners'
Company, 412
■' Spring-heeled Jack," 180
.Spurgeon, Rev. C. H., at Broad Street
Chapel, 234
Stacy, G., Fruit Meter, death, 228
Staincr, Dr. J., knighted, 398
.Staines, .Sir W. , rebuilds St. Alphage,
London Wall, 54 ; knighted, 92 ; el.
L. M. , 102; carriage drawn by the
populace, 105; death, 125
Stanhope, E., letter to the L.M., 400
Stanley, H. M., relieves Dr. Living-
stone, 278 ; City Freedom, 389 ;
entertained at Guildhall, 409 ; Free-
dom of Fishmongers' Company. 409
Staple Inn, Holborn, sold, 372, 387
Staples, Sir John, el. L. M., 381 ; opens
Guildhall Art Gallery, 385 ; created
K.C.M.G., 386 ; Highgate Wood
dedicated by, 386 ; death, 395
State Lottery at Coopers' Hall, 126 ;
the last drawn in England, 160
Stationary engines discontinued at
Fenchurch Street Station, 196
Stationers' Company, window presented
by Aid. Cadell, 108 ; barge of, 121 ;
School in Bolt Court opened, 228 ;
P'reedom presented to Rt. Hon. \V. H.
Smith, 333 ; window presented by
E. Waller, 384 ; revival of the custom
of apprenticeship, 395
.Steam Ferry Landing-place, Wapping,
first pile struck, 297
Steamboats, first seen on the Thames,
141 ; exhibited on the Thames, 153 ;
increase of traffic, 167 ; condemned
as unsafe, 189
Steel- Yard, demolished, 248
Stephenson, .Sir William, accompanies
Lord Mayor to Westminster, 17 ;
waits upon the King, 32
Stevens, Mr., executes WeUington
monument in St. Paul's, 320
Stevenson, Andrew, City Freedom re-
fused by, 179-80
Stirling, Rear - Admiral, City Free-
dom, 125
Stock Exchange, foundation-stone laid,
105 ; opening, 108 ; spurious letters
sent to, 109 ; business in Foreign
.Stocks removed from Royal Ex-
change to, 155 ; opening of new
building, 206 ; excitement on, 242,
258 ; Government inquiry into the
affairs of, 306 ; meeting in support of
Lord Beaconsfield's policy, 314 ;
enlarged, 372
Stock Exchange Coffee House, name
changed from Jonathan's Coffee
House, 43.
Stockbrokers, City's right of control
over, 120 ; broker fined by Court of
Aldermen, 250
Slockdale, a printer, disj^ute with
Messrs. Hansard, 182 3
Stocks belonging to St. Clement Danes
removed, 160
Stoddart. Mary, married to William
HazUtt, 129
Stone, David Henry, el. L.M., 291 ;
silver wedding celebrated at the
Mansion House, 297 ; death, 408
Stone Yard. See City Stone Yard
Stoneham, John, bookseller, death,
,398
Stopford, Sir R., City Freedom, 184
Storm of wind in London, 90-1
Stothard, Thomas, death, 173
Stow, John, house of, 184
Strachan, Sir Richard, City F'reedom,
"9, 133
Straight, D., appointed Judge in India,
322
Street, G. E., designs new Law Courts,
355
Streets, method of paving, 13 ; intro-
duction of gas for lighting, 125;
vendors in, 140 ; cries, 155 ; report on
crowded state of, 172; improvements,
214, 330; street musicians, 227, 432 ;
amount expended on, 239 ; power of
L. M. to stop up, 268; L.C.C. decline
to share cost of improvements in,
407, 410. See also Hawkers, Paving
Stride, a woman murdered, 400
Strutt, Joseph, death, 108
Stuart, Sir John, City Freedom, 122,
126
Subways, proposed construction at the
Mansion House, 381
Suez Canal, completed, 265 ; shares
purchased by the Government, 323
Sun Fire and Life office erected, 186
Sun tavern, Aldersgate Street, 328
Sunday opening of Museums, meeting
in favour of, 426
Sunday School Centenary celebration,
333
Sunday School Convention, 233 ; dele-
gates at Mansion House, 405
Surgeons' Hall, Old Bailey, Sessions
Hoii.se partly erected on site of, 132
Modern History of the City (^f London.
473
Surrey Bridewell attacked by Gordon
rioters. 60
.Surrey Corps inspected by George III.,
99
.Surveyor, office of, combined with the
office of Architect, 394
Sussex, Duke of. City Freedom. 143
" Swain mote " revived, 272
Swan Lane, fire in, 150
.Swan Tavern, Aid. Harley escapes
from mob to, 33
Swan-with-Two-Necksinn, demolished,
220
Swans of the Dyers' Company, 173 ;
number allowed on the Thames, 313
.Sword-bearer, office of, 217
Sylvester, John, el. Recorder, in
Symonds, Peter, grant to Christ's Hos-
pital, 331
.Syms, J. R. , common crier, death, 158
Syria, Patriarch, of, visit to Christ's
Hospital, 291
Syrian Coast, ^^'ar off, 184
Tailors, wage.s raised, 40 ; demand
higher wages. 104 ; sweating among,
187
Tallow Chandlers' Company, Hall re-
built, 273 ; donation towards Tech-
nical Education, 351
Tapling & Co., premises burnt. 240
Taxes, proposal to tax American
Colonies, 46-8 ; protest against, 134,
I43> 165
Taylor, Lady, donation to debtors in
Ludgate Prison, 87
Taylor, H. L., el. on M.B.W., 208 ;
death, 361
Taylor, R., editor of the Philosophical
Alagazine^ death, 219
Taylor, Sir Robert, knighted, 67 ;
Newgate prisoners attempt life of, 58 ;
erects wings of Bank of England,
72; founds Taylor's Institute, 75;
death, 75
Taylor, Rev. Robert, prosecuted for
blasphemy, 161
Tea, adulteration of, 147 ; '' British
Leaf" sold instead of, 172; high
price of, 2S0
Tebbs, Sir B. , knighted, 82
Technical Education, scheme of the
Livery Companies, 285, 300, 305,
308, 319, 328-9, 385 ; their dona-
tions, 365 ; foundation-stone laid for
Central College, South Kensington,
344. See also City and Guilds of
London Technical Institute, Finsbury
Technical College, Clothworkers'
Company, Drapers' Company, etc.
Technical Institute at New Cross
opened, 416. See also Goldsmiths'
Company
Technical Instruction Bill opposed by
Corporation, 399
Technical Schools, Nottingham, opened,
425
Teck, Duchess of, at Mansion House.
391, 427
Teck, Duke of, entertained at Fish-
mongers' Hall, 360
Tegg, Thomas, publisher, death. 192
Telegraph, cable between Europe and
America completed, 247 ; proposed
reduction in cost of telegrams, 351 ;
sixpenny telegrams started, 380
Telephone, inaugurated between Lon-
don and Paris, 314 ; proposed
introduction into postal service, 351
Temple, A. G., Director of Guildhall
Art Gallery, 419
Temple, Lady, jewels worn by, 28
Temple, Sir R., el. on L.S.B. , 380,401
Temple Bar, copies of " North Briton,"
exhibited at. 10 ; proposals to remove,
75, 203. 215, 282, 290, 303 ; improve-
ment of, S4-5. 88; removed, 312,
319; medal struck to commemorate,
317, 348 ; stones presented to Sir H.
B. Meux. Bart., 319. 392
Temple Bar Memorial, foundation-stone
laid, 335 ; unveiled, 337
Temple Church restored, 186
Temple Street, widened. 354
Tennyson, Lord, death, 423 ; bust
placed in Guildhall Art Gallery, 423
Termonde, Burgomaster of. at Mansion
House, 394-5
■■ Teuton" relief fund, 346
Thames, floods, 9, 81, 153. 29S ; damage
done by hurricane, 42 ; gang of pirates
broken up, 43; regatta, 49, 162;
frozen over, 76, 134, 139, 179 ; legal
quays purchased, iio-ii ; City's
right to gauge the river at London
Docks disputed, 129 ; first steamboat
on the, 141 ; pollution of, 152, 212.
218, 340, 348, 350, 368 ; Royal
Commission of enquiry appointed,
353 ; depleted of water by the wind,
153 ; Bills for improvement, 157 ;
swans of Dyers' Company, 173 ;
steamboats pronounced unsafe, 189 ;
improved piers provided, 189 ; stone
River wall south of Fleet Street,
erected, 202 ; septennial inspection
of boundaries, 210; water j^trocession
on L.M.s day discontinued, 212-13 '
Corporation and Livery Companies'
barges sold, 214; coal-ships inspected,
276 ; inundations relief fund, 304 ;
.Steam F'erry opened, 312 ; swans
allowed on, 313; "Princess Alice"
run into, 317-18; watermen at Can-
non Street Hotel, 319 ; number of
bodies found in, 353 ; application to
allow steam ferries to cross, 363
Thames bridges, committee appointed
to abolish tolls, 265-6 ; Kew bridge
opened free of toll, 281-2
Thames Conservancy, 182; Act passed,
211-12
Thames Embankment, from Paul's
Wharf to Milford Lane, 22 ; from
London Bridge to Westminster. 175;
scheme for constructing. 187 ; Bill
receives Royal Assent, 233 ; founda-
tion-stone laid, 240 ; Tyndale's statue
on. 342. See also Mctoria Embank-
ment
Thames Haven and Dock Railway con-
structed, 176
Thames Navigation Bill, Royal assent
given. 44-5, 53
Thames police, established, 99 ; merged
with the Metropolitan force, 182
Thames Street, fire in, 150
Thames Tunnel, Bill for constructing,
157; commenced, 158; damaged by
water, 161 ; construction of, 174;
completed, 185 ; opened, 186
Thanet House, utilized as a Lying-in-
Hospital, 39
Thavies Inn, Holborn, sold, 39
Theydon Bois, added to Epping Forest,
405
Third Regiment of Foot, privileged to
march through the City, 54
Thistlewood, the Cato Street conspira-
tor, 150
Thomas, Rev. John, death, 93
Thomas, W. J., at Mansion House, 430
Thompson, arrested for printing House
of C. debates, 35-6
Thompson, \ice-Adniiral, City Free-
dom. 94
Thompson, William, el. M.P. for the
City, 159, 165. 167; el. L.M., 163;
death, 205
Thorn Hill colliery disaster fund, 431
Thornborough, thanks of Corporation
presented to, 113
Thornycroft, H. , executes sculptures
in Institute of Chartered Account-
ants' offices, 427-S
Thorp, John Thomas, el. M.P. for the
City, 147; el. L.M., 151; portrait
of, 153 ; death, 174
Thorp, Samuel, F'ather of the Corpora-
lion, death, 156
Throgmorton Avenue, constructed, 302
" Thunderer," relief fund, 303
Thurn, J. C. im, & Co., failure of, 293
Thurton, Rt. Rev. Thomas, installed
Dean of St. Paul's, 65
Tiger, escape of, from the London
Docks, 212
Times newspaper, first issue, 74 ; death
of Mr. Walter the founder, 137 ;
first printed by steam, 141 ; testimonial
presented to proprietors, 185 ; looth
year of publication. 395
Tin-Plate Workers' Company, livery
granted, 93 ; exhibition held at
Crystal Palace, 316; F'reedom pre-
sented to Marquis of Lome, 374
Tite. Sir \V., designs London and
Westminster Bank, 181 ; designs new
Royal Exchange, 18S ; Scholarship
presented to City of London School,
219 ; death, 283
Tithes, value of, in St. Botolph A^'ithout
Aldgate, 342 ; dispute over, 390 ;
dispute decided, 391
Tithes Bill, protest against, 397
Tithes Committee, report, 158-9
Tolls, market, 2 ; turnpike, 18, 19 ;
money raised for redeeming, 22 ;
purchase of river tolls, 53, 78 ; City
non-suited in claim for toll on fruit,
55 ; levied on Blackfriars Bridge, 72;
freemen claim exemption from, for
merchandize, 78. 117 ; ice toll exacted,
PPP
474
Modern History of the City of London.
1 39 ; proposal to abolish, on London
Bridge, 153, 206 ; abolition of street
tolls, 210 ; of Southwark Bridge
purchased by Corporation, 240, 242 ;
Commitlee to abolish, on Thames
bridges, 265-6 ; in Billingsgate Mar-
ket reduced, 435
Tolly, Count Barclay de,sword presented
to, by Corporation, 140
Tom's Coffee House, 191
Tonson, Jacob, bookseller, death, 24
Tooke, John Home, See Home, John
Tooley Street, 228-9
Topographical Society of London at
Mansion House, 337
Tornielli, Count, picture presented to
Corporation, 433
Tower, visited by King of Denmark
25 ; coinage abolished at, 134 ; arms
for foreign service prepared at, 137 ;
attempted robbery from Jewel Room,
141 ; rioters committed to, 145 ; im-
prisonment in, discontinued, 150; new
Royal Crown deposited in, 152;
standards of Light Horse Volunteers
placed in, 165 ; fire at, 185; barracks
erected, 199 ; records removed from,
to new Record Office, 214; opened
free to public, 293 ; discoveries made
at, 304 ; improvements in streets
leading to, 330 ; Roman remains
discovered at, 339 ; dynamite explo-
sion at, 377
Tower Bridge, Government enquiry
into Bill, 326 ; designs submitted,
371 ; Bill passed, 379 ; Sir H. Jones
appointed architect, 380 ; J. Wolfe
Barry appointed engineer, 380 ;
memorial stone laid, 385 ; approaches
maintained by Corporation, 430 ;
opened, 434 ; cost of erecting, 434 ;
medal struck to commemorate, 435 ;
History of, published, 439
TowerChambers, London Wall, erected,
326
Tower Ditch widened, 165 ; conse-
crated for a military burial ground,
170
Tower Hill, display of fireworks, 12,
20 -I ; procession of seamen from,
68 ; victualling department removed
to Deptford, 71
Tower Menagerie, 7, 120, 135, 165 ;
removed, 173
Tower Subway opened, 264
Town Clerk, oath amended, 220 ; office
separated from that of Registrar, 220
Townsend, James, el. Sher., 27 ;
nominated for L.M., 34 ; el. L.M.,
41; Cityaddress to, 69 ; opposes Bill
for regulation of meat market, 73 ;
death, 74
Townshend, Rt. Hon. Charles, City
Freedom, 22
Trade, with America prohibited, 48 ;
depression of, 143, 186. See also
Commerce
Trades' Unions, meeting at Copen-
hagen Fields, 173 ; in relation to the
Church, 322 ; congress at Mansion
House, 346
Tradesmen's tokens presented to
Guildhall Library, 197
Trafalgar, Viscount, buried in St.
Paul's, 126
Trafalgar, English victory at, 119
Traffic, statistics, 220 ; Bill for regu-
lating, 234 ; increase of, 246 ; power
of L.M. to regulate, 268
Train-bearer to L.M., office abolished,
217
Trained Bands, regiments descended
from, privileged to march through
City, 54 ; patrol the streets during
Gordon Riots, 61 ; escort body of
Aid. Kirkman to St. Michael's,
Bassishaw, 62 ; escort to Lord
Rodney, 66
Tramways not allowed in City, 282, 307
Trecothick, Barlow, el. Sher,, 18; waits
upon the King, 32 ; el. L.M. , 34
Tribunals of Commerce, proposal to
establish, 284
Trinity House, built, 91 ; Prince Con-
sort's visit to, 224 ; Lord Palmerston
admitted a Brother of, 224
Triphook, Robert, bookseller, death,
256
Trollope, Anthony, entertained at
Albion tavern, 253
Truscott, Sir Francis Wyatt, knighted,
274; el. L. M., 329; unsuccessfully
contests Gravesend, 331 ; visits King
Edward Schools, Witney, 335 ; official
visit to Brussels, 335 ; marble bust
presented to, 350
Tudor Street, widened, 354
Tupper, Sir Charles, Freedom of Fish-
mongers' Company, 385
Turin, Italian Exhibition of architec-
ture, 413
Turkey, Sultan of, at Guildhall, 251 ;
medal struck to commemorate, 256
Turkey, earthquakes relief fund, 435
Turncock, first on scene of fire re-
warded, 41
Turner, Sir B., votes against calling a
Co. Hall, 29 ; death, 70
Turner, J. M. W., painter, death, 201
Turner, John, restores St. Stephen's,
Walbrook, 195
Turner, Samuel, el. L.M., 26
Turners' Company, Freedom presented
to Baroness IJurdett-Coutts, 276 ;
Freedom presented to W. E. Glad-
stone, 299 ; Freedom presented to
Rev. Dr. Moffat, 312 ; bells presented
to St. Paul's, 312 ; Freedom presented
to King of the Belgians, 322 ;
Freedom presented to Sir J. A.
Macdonald, 382 ; Freedom presented
to Sir J. G. Sprigg, 412; Freedom
presented to Hon. G. R. Dibbs, 422
Twells, Mrs., drinking fountain erected
by, 340
Twells, P., el. M.P. for City, 288
Twyford, Ralph, trial at Guildhall, 2
Tyburn executions discontinued, 69, 70
Tyler, Sir George Robert, el. L. M. ,
430 ; created a baronet, 435
Tyndale, William, proposed statue to,
342
Tyrrell, E. , resigns office of Remem-
brancer, 236 ; MSS. purchased by
the Corporation, 239, 273
Unemployed, help of Corporation to,
382 ; report upon, 400 ; at St.
Paul's, 425 ; fund raised for, 431, 438
Unification of London, resolutions
against, 425 ; Special Committee
appointed, 425 ; Royal Commission
appointed, 426 ; report, 436-7. See
also Municipal Government Reform
Union Bank of London, frauds on, 225
Union of Benefices Act. 172, 265, 273 ;
churches demolished under powers
of, 247, 249 ; report of churches
demolished, 322 ; Bill for union of
City Livings, 352
Unions, City, amalgamation of, 259
United Livery Companies, Members of
Corporation appointed on Board of
Governors, 319
University privileges in publishing
books, 49
University College, Bristol, Cloth-
workers' Company's scholarships at,
300
University College, London, scheme
for establishing, 158 ; petition for
charter conferring power to grant
degrees, 172-3
University Teaching, new scheme, 297
Upper Thames Street widened, 174,
181, 304
Vaccination, decrease of small-pox due
to, 108 ; house established in Salis-
bury Square for free, 108
Vagrancy, C. of L. Union conference
held, 402
Vaillant, Paul, death, 106
Vallentin. Sir James, knighted, 262 ;
death, 263
Vaughan, Cardinal, entertained at Man-
sion House, 427
Vaughan, Dr., Dean of Llandaff, 323
Vautrain, M., at Mansion House, 271
Venables, William, el. L.M., 159; el.
M.P. for the City, 167; death, 183
Venice, Ambassadors from, in London,
12
Venison, Royal, presented to Corpora-
tion officers, 220
Verderers of Epping Forest, meeting
of, 272
\'essels, clean bill of health refused
during cholera in London, 169
Victor Emmanuel. See .Sardinia, King
of
Victoria, Queen, opens new Royal Ex-
change, 88; Proclamation, 177; at
Guildhall banquet, 177, 200; medal
struck to commemorate visit to the
City, 177; Coronation, 180; presents
her portrait to the Corporation, 182 ;
marriage, 183 ; life attempted by
Edward Oxford, 183-4 ; shot at by
Francis, 186 ; statue in new Royal
Exchange, 189 ; visit to Christ's
Hospital, igo ; bust presented to the
Corporation, 208; reviews volunteers,
Modern History of the City of London.
475
225 ; contributes to Albert Me-
morial fund, 231 ; lays foundation-
stone of St. Thomas's Hospital, 255 ;
opens Hospital, 270; visits St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital and new Meat
Market, 258-9 ; opens Blackfriars
Bridge and Holborn Viaduct, 261 ;
attends Thanksgiving service in St.
Paul's, 273-4 ; boy presents un-
loaded pistol at, 274 ; opens new wing
of London Hospital, 299-300 ; pro-
claimed Empress of India, 300 ;
Corporation address, 351 ; dedi-
cates Epping Forest, 352 ; opens
new Law Courts, 355 ; opens Col-
onial and Indian Exhibition, 384 ;
Jubilee, 384 ; Jubilee celebrated by
Corporation, 386-7, 391 ; visits City,
390, 391-2 ; at Mansion House, 391,
399 ; medal struck to commemorate,
390 ; opens Central Hall in People's
Palace, 391 ; statue in Royal Ex-
change, 412 ; Jubilee national
memorial fund closed, 431
Victoria, Princess Royal, birth, 183 ;
marriage, 214 ; at opening of Birk-
beck Institution, 378; at Mansion
House, 391
Victoria Alexandra of Wales, Princess,
birth, 256
'■ Victoria," loss of, 428 ; relief fund
started, 428
Mctoria Embankment, inauguration of,
265 ; sewers constructed, 326 ; lit
by electricity, 382
"Victory," Nelson's flag-ship, 121, 127
Victualling yard removed to Deptford,
71
Vienna, silver wedding fetes of the
Emperor illustrated, 343
Villette, Rev. John, death, 99
Vincent, Rev. William, Master of West-
minster School, death, 142
Vintners' Company, Hall rebuilt, 156 ;
barge, 162; allowed to keep swans
on the Thames, 313 ; Freedom
presented to Prince Leopold, 337 ;
donation towards Technical Educa-
tion, 351
Vittoria, Wellington's victory at, 138
V^ivanti, Anselmo, failure of, 280
Volunteers, reviewed by George 111,99 »
reviewed in Hyde Park, 105, iio,
225 ; appeal to citizens to act as
1 10 ; proceed to Greenwich by water,
112 ; colours presented to, 112;
number of, 117 ; national rifle meet-
ing at Wimbledon, 247 ; marching
with fixed bayonets not allowed
in City, 251 ; new rifle range for
City corps, 273 ; leave of absence
cancelled, 398 ; fund raised for
equipment of, 405. See also London
Rifle Brigade, Loyal London Volun-
teers
Vyner, Robert, request for statue of
Charles II, complied with by Corpo-
ration, 56
Waddell, Mr , unsuccessfully contests
election as Alderman, 30S
Waddington, M., entertained at Man-
sion House, 425-5
Wages, high rate of, 163
Waithman, Robert, el. M.P. for the
City, 147, 159, 165, 167, 170; op-
poses election of L. M. Bridges, 149 ;
el. L.M., 156; death, 170; obelisk
erected to memory of, 170
Walcheren exjjedition, enquiry into,
131 -2, 133
Waldegrave, Vice-Adm.. City Freedom,
94
Wales, South, distress among the poor
of- 313
Walker, Mr. , robbery at premises of, in
Cornhill, 241
Wall Brook, discovery of the course of
the, 286-7
Waller, E., window iJresented to
Stationers' Company, 384
Walpole, Spencer, report on destruction
of fish at Billingsgate, 340 ; report
on fish supply, 344
Walter, Deputy, death, 423
Walter, Mr., founder of the Times
newspaper, imprisoned for libel, 79 ;
death, 137
Walter, John, proprietor of the Times,
death, 193
Waltham Abbey, Essex Agricultural
Society's show at, 373
Walton Bridge, tolls abolished, 266
Wanstead Flats, acquired by Corpora-
tion, 335 ; opened, 354 ; cost of
draining, 382, 438
War loans, Cobden's speech against,
196
Ward, William, el. M.P. for the City,
159, 165 ; death, 195
Ward, William, bequest for City of
London School for Girls, 350
Ward beadles appointed, 214
Ward Schools, contribution of Corpora-
tion to, 192 ; children entertained at
Guildhall, 423
Wardle, Colonel G. L. , City Freedom,
129, 132 ; charges against Duke of
York, 129 ; thanks of Common
Council presented to, 129-31
Wards, number reduced, 215
Warehousing Act passed, 117
Warren, Admiral Sir J. B., City Free-
dom, 97
^Vashing, cost in the Metropolis, 197
Watchmen, regulation of, 26 ; number
of, 120. See also Police
Water Bailiff, dispute between Common
Council and Livery as to right of
electing, 68 ; pension granted to,
215
Water Companies stocks, rise in price
of, 331
\\ ater excursions of Corporation
abolished, 425
Water Lane, re - named Whitefriars
Street, 189
Water Procession on Lord Mayor's Day
discontinued, 212-3
Water Supply, enquiry into, 196,
409-10; Corporation apply for con-
stant supply, 265 ; Sir W. Harcourt's
views on, 333 ; report on, 335, 383 ;
Royal Commission appointed, 353 ;
amount expended by Corporation on
enquiries, 353 ; Corporation recom-
mend formation of a Water Authority,
410 ; suggestion not adopted by
Parliament, 414 ; conference between
the L.C.C. and the Corporation, 412 ;
Mr. Cross's Bill introduced and
opposed, 331 ; Committee appointed,
335 ; London Water Bill passed, 420
Waterhouse, Mr., designs St. Paul's
School, liammersmitb, 369
Waterloo, Battle of, 142
Waterloo Bridge, meeting of Company,
160; opened, 318
Waterlow and Sons, new premises
erected, 304
Waterlow, A. J., death. 387
Waterlow, Sir Sidney Hedley, knighted,
252 ; report on London Brokers'
Relief Act, 266; el. L.M., 278; el.
Governor of the Irish Society, 284 ;
created a Baronet, 285 ; lays founda-
tion-stone of Safe Deposit Com-
pany's premises, 286 ; scheme for
technical education, 305 ; presents
Waterlow Park to L.C.C, 407
Watermen, relief to, 24 ; claim protec-
tion from City, 80 ; new regulations,
109 ; exact an ice toll, 139 ; Society
for moral improvement of, 153 ; at
Cannon Street Hotel, 319
Watermen's Arms, Limehouse, 332
Watermen's Company, 169 ; compen-
sation to, 29 ; Hall erected, 72 ;
regulate speed of vessels in the
Thames, 179
Watkin, Sir E., statistics of the Metro-
politan Railway presented by, 346
Watling Street, fire in, 204
Watson, Sir Brook, el. M.P. for the
City, 69, 80 ; in Holland, 84 ; el.
L.M., 92; appointed Commissary-
General, 96 ; created a Baronet,
III ; death, 126
Wax Chandlers' Company, Hall built,
202
Waxworks in Fleet Street, 199
Weavers, j^rocession from Spitalfields,
24 ; disturbances among, 24 ; looms
destroyed by mob, 24 ; riot of, 29
Weavers' Company, thank George III
for shortening period of Court
mourning, 24 ; refuse to attend Co.
Halls except for election purposes,
31 ; Hall demolished, 210; re-built,
214 ; present window for Guildhall,
254
Wedderburn,Alexander,EarlofRosslyn,
death, 117
Weigh House Chapel, alterations to,
286
Weights and measures, stamped with
City mark, 18
Welch, Charles, el. Guildhall Librarian,
399 ; paper read before the Library
Association at Guildhall Library, 403 ;
History of the Tower Bridge, pub-
lished, 435, 439 ; Nwuismata Londin-
ensia, ti,T,()
PPP 2
476
Modern History of the City of London.
Wellington, Duke of, defeats French
army in Portugal, 127 ; protest
against pension of, 132 ; City Free-
dom, 134. 141 ; victory at Salamanca,
137 ; victory at Vittoria, 138 ; widens
Tower Ditch, 165 ; letter from Aid.
John Key to, 166 ; opposes Reform
Bill, 169 ; statue, 181 ; statue un-
veiled, 188 ; funeral procession, 201 ;
monument in Guildhall, 201
Wellington Monument in St. Paul's
Cathedral, exhibition of designs for,
212; monument completed, 320;
removed to better position, 422
Wells sunk in City, 383
Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel,
Barbican, foundation-stone laid, 315
Welsh National Eisteddfod opened,
422
Wesley, John, death, 81
Wesleyan Centenary Plall, erected, 184
West, Benjamin, buried in St. Paul's,
152
West Ham, proposed incorporation of,
380
West Ham Park, fund raised for pur-
chase, 287 ; purchased by Corpora-
lion, 289-90
West India Dock Company, Bill passed,
117; resolution of Co. Co. against
acceptance of salary by Corporation
directors, 117 ; purchase City Canal,
16s
West India House opened, 435
West Indies, grants to British subjects
in, 62 ; hurricane relief fund, 253
West London Union, dispute with
Corporation over Smithfield Work-
house, 247 ; amalgamated with East
London Union, 259. See also City
of London Union
West Smithfield, Act to establish a
horse market at, 165
Westcott, Capt. G. B. , monument in
St. Paul's, unveiled, 119
Westm.acott, Richard, executes sculp-
tures in new lioyal Exchange, 188
Westminster, Duke of, drives iirst piles
of Shadwell Fish Market, 374
Westminster Abbey, coronation of
George III, 4 ; William Pitt's monu-
ment in, 55 ; Queen Victoria's Jubilee
service, 391
Westminster Hall, flooded, 81 ; corona-
tion banquet of George IV at, 152 ;
Wardens of Fleet Prison receive rents
from shops in, 155
Weymouth, Lord, Lord-in-Waiting to
George III., 30
Wheble, arrested for printing House of
C. debates, 35-6
Wheelton, John, imprisoned for breacli
of privilege, 182-3 '> plate presented
by Corporation to, 183
Wheelwrights' Company, livery granted,
43 ; donation towards Technical
Education, 351
Whetham. Sir Charles, knighted, 290 ;
el. L.M., 318; death, 380
Whitbread. Mr. motion for improve-
ment of Poor La\vs, 124
Whitbread, Samuel, brewer, death, 92
White, Miss A. L. (I^ady Mayoress,
1877). married at St. Paul's, 310
White, P. H., el. on L.S.B., 437
White, Sir Thomas, knighted, 285 ; el.
L.M., 303
White, Rev. Thomas, founder of Sion
College, 387
^Vhite Bear tavern, Aldersgate Street,
destroyed by fire, 332
White Lion Court, houses destroyed by
fire in, 16
White Lion tavern, destroyed by fire,
16
Whitechapel Free Library, foundation-
stone laid, 416
Whitechapel schools, contribution of
Corporation to, 192
Whitecross Street Prison, foundation-
stone laid, 138 ; debtors transferred
to Ne\\'gate Prison, 142 ; new prison
erected, 147 ; used for debtors, 193,
263 ; demolished, 266 ; prisoners
transferred to HoUoway Gaol, 266
Whitefriars, last fragments of river face
of, removed, 332
Whitefriars Street, name changed from
W^ater Lane, 189
Whitehead, .Sir James, el. L. M., 400;
opens new C. of L. Court, 401 ; state
visit to Kendal, 402 ; visit to Paris
Exhibition, 404 ; raises fund for
equipment of Volunteer force, 405 ;
created a Baronet, 407
\\'hiting shoal at Limehouse, expense
of removing, 192
Whittington, Sir Richard, statue in
new Royal Exchange, 189
AYhittington, Rev. Preb. R. , originator
of City of London College, 361
^^'ickham, West, Common piurchased
by Corporation, 422
Wife sale in Smithfield market, 96
Wild, Mary, bequest of, 381
Wilkes, John, committed to the Tower,
9 ; action against Robert Wood. 10 ;
tried by Lord Chief Justice Mans-
field, 12 ; crosses to P'rance, 12 ;
returns to England, 26 ; St. George's
Fields riot, 26-7 ; el. M.P. for
the City, 26; expelled from House
of Commons, 27 ; el. Aid., 27 ; sworn
in, 31 ; obtains damages from Lord
LI alitax, 29 ; at country house of
Reynolds, his attorney, 31 ; debts
discharged, 31, 37 ; discharged from
King's Bench prison, 31 ; defends
the L. M., 32 ; ordered to attend the
House of Commons, 36; dispute with
John Home, 37-8; el. Sher., 38;
sworn in, 39 ; presentation of plate
to, 39 ; supporters cause a disturbance,
41 ; refused admission to House of
Commons, 42 ; defeated at el. of
L.M. by one vote, 43; nominated
M.P. for Middlesex, 45; el. M.P.
for Middlesex, 46, 62, 69-70; el.
L. M. , 46 ; medal struck to commemo-
rate ilayoralty, 46 ; again nominated
for L. M., 49 ; obelisk erected in
Ludgale Hill, 49 ; defeated in el.
of Chamberlain, 50-1, 55 : el. Cham-
berlain, 58 ; creditors require pay-
ment, 54; annuity paid by Corporation
to, 54 ; heads a party against the
Gordon rioters, 61 ; entry of dis-
qualification expunged from Plouse
of C. Journal, 65; address to Middle-
sex voters, 69 ; death, 95
Wilkin, Col. Sir A\'alter Henry,
knighted, 429
William Plenry, Duke of Clarence,
afterwards William IV, birth, 15 ;
marriage, 147 ; jjroclaimed King,
165 ; coronation of, 168 ; opens new
London Bridge, 168 ; death, 177 ;
statue in King William Street erected,
189
William I, Emperor of Germany,
attempted assassination, 3IS~6;
death, 396
William II, Emperor of Germany, at
Guildhall, 416
William, Duke of Gloucester, married
to Princess Mary, 143
William Pitt Bridge, afterwards called
Blackfriars Bridge, 29
Williams, Sir George, City Freedom,
433
Williams, If. R., address presented to
Corporation by, 342
Williams, J., designs P.O. Savings
Bank in Queen Victoria Street, 335
A\illiams, John, Wilkes's publisher,
imprisoned, 14
Williams, Renwick, the " Monster,'
80
Williams, Aid. Robert, el. Sher. 94 ;
death, 193
Williams, Sir W. F., City Freedom,
210
Wills, Calendar of Htistinc;, Corpora-
tion resolve to publish, 369
Wilmot, INfr. Justice, fined, 58
Wilson, Prebendary, funeral, 70
'Wilson, Rev. C, sermon preached
before L. M., 139
Wilson, C. L., presents north-west
window in the Guildhall, 250
\\'ilson, E. , designs Liverpool Street
.Station, 298
Wilson, Effingham, publisher, death,
255
Wdson, G. A., designs Leathersellers'
Hall, 319
Wilson, Samuel, loan charity of, 22
Wilson, Samuel, el. L.M., 181
Wilson, Thomas, el. M.P. for the
City, 147, 150; death, 202
Wilton, F., death, 290
Wimbledon preserved as an open space,
278
Winchester, Henry, el. L. M., 173;
censured for refusing to call Co. Halls,
174-5
Winchester House demolished, 182
Window tax, petition for repeal of, 158;
petition against, 171 ; repealed, 200
Wine, additional duty on, 10. See also
Coal and wine dues
Wire, David William, el. L.M., 218;
death, 226
Modern History of the City of London.
477
Witney. See King Edward's Schools
Wolseley, Sir Garnet, City Freedom,
289 ; civic honours, 358-9
Women, offered for sale, 18 ; allowed to
serve in public ofifices, 75
Wontner. Mr., City Marslial, thrown
from his horse, 153
Wood, Sir Matthew, lays foundation-
stone of Debtors' Prison, Whitecross
St., 138; el. L.M., 142; re-el., 144;
el. M.P. for City, 146, 147. 150, 159,
165, 167, 170, 174, 177, 184; enter-
tains Queen Caroline, 151 ; death, 187
Wood, Robert, John Wilkes' action
against. 10
Wood, W., el. M.P. for the City, 229
Wood Street, Cheapside, proclamation
at, I ; fires in, 237, 355-6, 389 ;
widened, 356
Wood Street Compter, journeymen
tailors at, 13 ; prisoners released
from, 24 ; unhealthy state of, 44 ;
removed, 81
Woodfall, H. S., publisher, death, 120
Woodfall, William, death, III
Woodthorpe, F. , el. Town Clerk, 220 ;
resignation. 284 ; death, 28S
Woodthorpe." Henry, Town Clerk,
death, 158
Woodward. Thomas, Keeper of the
Monument, death, 410
Woodwork Exhibition at Carpenters'
Hall, 368
Wool Exchange erected, 292
^^^oolmen's Company, charter, 35 ; livery
granted, 159
Woolner, T., executes Gladstone's bust
in Guildhall, 355
Woolridge, Aid. Thomas, action against
City, 67
Woolwich Embankment built by con-
victs, 53
Woolwinders, licence to, 35
Workhouses, City, amalgamated, 259
Working Classes, National Union of
the, 171 ; Industrial Exhibition, 244,
246
Workmen's National Exhibition, at
Agricultural Flail, Islington, 425
Wright, Mrs., defends herself at Old
Bailey, 154
Wright, Thomas, el. L.M., 71 ; death,
96
Wright, Thomas, Memorial Fund,
260
V/urtemberg, King of, marriage, 94-5
AN'ycliffe quincentenary celebrated in
the City, 315
Yarmouth fishermen relief fund, 419
Voe, Lieut. J. L., thanks of Corpora-
tion to, 118
York, Edward Augustus, Uuke of.
City Freedom, 4 ; Freedom of Gro-
cers' Company, 4 ; entertained at
Mansion House, 10 ; death, 23
York, Frederick, Duke of, birth, 12 ;
marriage, 81 ; thanks on behalf
of British troops in Holland. 84 ;
charges against, 129 ; resigns com-
mand of the army, 129
York, R., motion for an inquiry into
Slock Exchange, 306
York, Mayor of, entertains L.M. of
London, 286
Yorke, Sir Charles, death, 338
■^'orkshire College, Leeds, opened, 324 ;
grant of Clothworkers' Co. to, 324
Young, Mr. Sheriff, death, 271
Young Men's Christian Association,
Jubilee celebrated at Guildhall, 433
Zanzibar, Sultan of, treaty for abolition
of Slave Trade, 289 ; address of
Corporation to, 296 ; entertained at
Mansion House, 296
Zulu War relief fund, 323
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
LARGE PAPER COPIES.
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E.C.
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(Per Mr. J. D. Smith.)
J. T. Denniston, Esq., 45, New Broad Street, E.C.
F. D. Dew, Esq., 138, King's Road, Chelsea,
S.W.
Alderman Sir J. C. Dimsdale, 3, Lancaster
Street, Hyde Park, W.
The Worshipful Company of Drapers, The
Hall, Throgmorton Street, E.C. (Per W. P.
Sawyer, Esq.)
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Terrace, Cartergate, Grimsby.
Miss S. R. Dunn, Sutton Hall, Thirsk. (Per
Messrs. J. Cornish & Sons.)
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H. J. Evans, Esq., Greenhill, Whitchurch,
Cardiff.
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E.C.
C. Farris, Esq., 81, Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C.
Thomas Fenn, Esq., 44, Coleman Street, E.C.
T. J. Fisher, Esq., 6 and 7, Clement's Lane,
E.C.
F. A. C. Fletcher, Esq., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.,
Holly Bank, Cross Hills, tw Keighley.
Edwin Fox, Esq., 99, Gresham Street, E.C.
W. L. T. Foy, Esq., 104, Bishopsgate Street
Within, E.C.
Miss G. Franklin, 3, Park Villas, Winchmore
Hill, N. (Per Mr. W. H. Batho.)
T. F. Franklin, Esq., F.S.I., 25, Ludgate Hill,
E.C.
W. D. Freshfield, Esq., 5, Bank Buildings, E.C.
Rev. E. H. Gifford, Arlington House, Oxford.
Messrs. Gilbert & Field, 67, Moorgate Street,
E.C.
Sir Alfred Sherlock Gooch, Bart., D.L., J. P.,
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Downing.)
James F. Goodhart, Esq., 25, Weymouth Street,
W. (Per Messrs. Truslove & Hanson.)
The Right Hon, The Earl of Gosford, 22,
Mansfield Street, W. (Per Messrs. Truslove
& Hanson.)
Baron Albert Grant, D.L., 2, Tokenhouse
Buildings, Lothbury, E.C.
P. H. Griffin, Esq., Combe Wood, Bonchurch,
Isle of Wight.
Joseph Grimshire, Esq., 27, Warwick Road,
Upper Clapton. (Per Mr. Elliot Stock.)
The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers,
The Hall, Gresham Street, E.C. (Per Mr.
W. H. Batho.)
Mrs. A. Hamilton, 27, Bolton Gardens, South
Kensington.
A. C. Harper, Esq., F.C.A., 10, Trinity Square,
E.C.
Messrs. Harris & Co., 21, Birchin Lane, E.C.
C. W. Harrison, Esq., 66, Mark Lane, E.C.
Miss Hartshorne, Ashbourne, Derbyshire.
Modern History of the City of London.
481
R. H. Hawes, Esq., 89, Oxford Terrace, ^y.
Rev. J- J- Hazell, 41, Brook Green, Hammer-
smith, W.
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Mr. F. Hockhffe, Bedford.
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Park Hill Road, Groydon.
W. G. Howard, Esq., G.G., 53, Isledon Road.
Finsbury Park, N.
H. S. Howlett, Esq., 26 and 27, Bush Lane, E.G.
H. Ho.xby, Esq., 17, Richmond Road, Waltham-
stow.
Rev. Ganon Ingram, M.A., St. Margaret's
Rectory, 20, Finsbury Square, E.G.
Institute of Ghartered Accountants in England
and Wales (Reginald B. Fellows, Esq., B.A.,
Librarian), Moorgate Place, E.G.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Iveagh, Elveden, Thetford.
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Lincolnshire.
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Road, Earls Gourt, S.A\'.
J. James, Esq., J. P., St. Martin's Grescent,
Haverfordwest.
John Jamieson, Esq., 27, Duddingston Park,
Portobello, N.B.
Richard Jehu, Esq., 33, Mark Lane, E.G.
Edgar F. Jenkins, Esq., 16, Ciodliman Street,
E.G.
R. Johnson, Esq., The Hope House, Little
Burstead, Billericay.
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Arthur L. Josephs, Esq., Roseneath, Brox-
bourne, Herts.
G. A. G. Keeson, Esq., 9, Loudoun Road, St.
John's Wood, N.W.
H. Kendrick, Esq., F.C.A., 10, Pancras Lane,
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Street, Piccadill)', London, ^\'.
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H. Lescher, Esq., 6, Glement's Lane, E.G.
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House, Blomiield Street, E.G.
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bourne, A'ictoria. (Per Messrs. G. Robertson
&Go.)
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lesden, N.A\'.
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Brownswood Park, London, N.
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Lsle of ^\^ight.
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& Go.)
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Glitheroe.
Minet Public Library, Gamberwell, S.E. (G. J.
Gourtney, Esq., Librarian.)
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shire.
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ham Hill, Kent.
John Norbury, Esq., 32, Gordon Square. (Per
Mr. T. B. Bumpus.)
\y. Oatley, Esq.,57,Amhurst Park, Stamford Hill.
QQQ
48:
Modern History of the City of London.
Major F. F. Parkinson, Eppleton, Streatham
Park, Surrey.
Owen Parry, Esq., Eweland Hall, Ingatestone,
Essex.
Alfred Patchett, Esq. (Per Messrs. H. Sotheran
& Co.)
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The Right Hon. Lord Pirbright.
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& Co.)
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C. J. W. Rabbits, Esq., J.P., 8, Palace Gate, W,
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& Co.)
Francis Ravenscroft, Esq., 64, Springfield Road,
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C. Rees-Price, Esq., 163, Bath Street, Glasgow.
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J. Rock, Esq., 56, Friday Street, E.C.
M. T. Roe, Esq., 80, Lexham Gdns., Kensington.
Sir Albert K. Rollit, LL.D., F.R.A.S., M.P.,
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A. Romano, Esq., 399, Strand, W.C.
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& Sons.)
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chester. (Per Mr. Elliot Stock.)
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Common, S.W.
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Iredale.)
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& Co.)
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way, Westminster, S.W.
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Richard Stanley, Esq., Durban, Natal.
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W. Teetgen, Esq., Bishopsgate Street Within,
E.C. (Per Mr. W. H. Batho.)
W. Curtis Thomson, Esq., F.C.A., 15, George
Street, Mansion House, E.C,
Modern History of the City of London.
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H. W. Tinne, Esq., Union Club, Trafalgar
Square.
J. Wrench Towse, Esq., Fishmongers' Hall,
London Bridge, E.C.
George Turner, Esq., 78, Leadenhall Street, E.C.
Sir John Turney, Alexandra Park, Nottingham.
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Newington.
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bridge, Surrey.
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E. M. Wright, Esq., Lancarfe, Albemarle Road,
Beckenham.
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pellier Road, Brighton.
Mr. J. Zaehnsdorf, Cambridge Circus, Shaftes-
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Sir A. \V. Zeal, President, Legislative Council of
Victoria. (Per Messrs. G. Robertson & Co.)
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QQQ 2
484
Modern History of the City of London.
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Modern History of the City of London.
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Modern History of the City of London.
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REPRINT OF TROSFECTUS, NOVEMBER, 18
450 pp. Royal /[to Full Cloth.
Modern History
of the City of London:
1760 to 1895.
A PICTORIAL AND DESCRIPTIVE RECORD OF MUNICIPAL AND
SOCIAL PROGRESS DURING THE LAST 135 YEARS,
Sy Charles JVelch^ F.S.^A.^
Librarian to the Corporation of the City of London.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS DRAWN AND SELECTED BY
Philip Norman^ F.S.^A.
To be Published by BLADES, EAST & BLADES, 23, ABCHURCH LANE, E.C.
Works: LEONARD STREET, FINSBURY.
And all Bookselhrs.
^HE aim of the present work is to give a history of
the City of London and its Liberties, from the
accession of George III to the present time, illus-
trated by views of London as it now exists, side
by side with the London of Dr. Johnson's day.
The plan is strictly chronological, and the changes
which have been in operation are concisely and accurately traced.
OOcXxKCil^it Many valuable works exist, dealing with the history and
^ £x topography of the City, and many pictures of London, both
past and present, have been published. No author, how-
ever, has essayed to write the history of the City in modern times on
a complete and uniform plan. It is not too much to say that the
last 135 years have witnessed an all but total transformation
of London within the walls, and the present work will contain an
exhaustive pictorial record of this development.
3ffu0^ty MIcrosoft®