V X CORNbLL VkJoaovi university TXS LIBRARY v!7A--«-«, (/. , <=• . JIUHPHT CO., 1900. COPYRIGHT B¥ JOSEPH I. MARKEY 1 eoo. TO • MY MOTHER AND THE MOTHERS OF MY COMRADES THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED. INTRODUCTION. T.His is not the first time a newspaper correspondent has turned author, but in this case the action was almost inioluntary. Mr. Marl J. "^1 ^ ^% '" 'Wg^^ 1 ^^^^^^^^H 1 y LIEUTENANT \V. HARRY FRENCH. FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 19 Iowa. Visions still haunt the boys of that first night in actual service; of their vain attempts to find a soft spot in the tile floor of tlie depot, which served for a bed, and their fruitless efforts to g'et some sleep. Morning- came at last, however, and about 9 o'clock the hosts of Kelly arrived upon the scene. A long train of Union Pacific box cars, heavily loaded with human freight, pulled into the yards. The cars, inside and out, were filled with ragged, un- kept looking individuals, some peacefully smoking, others reclining in positions of ease. It was with many sarcastic remarks as to the nature of the service that the companies fell in and held themselves in readiness for an}' trouble which might occur. Everything continued peaceful and quiet. The Kelly army went into camp along^side tlieir train on a side- track northeast of tlie depot. The companies were given quarters in box cars, well supplied with straw for bedding. To some of the ardent spirits who had dreamed of glor}' on the battlefield this experience was a little depressing. That night saw the first member of Companj' M wounded. Corporal Ton- ner, while opening a can of beans, received a bad cut on the hand. Monday afternoon Kell3''s followers started on their long march across the state, Companies B and C, under command of Major W. H. Evans, following them. A few miles out from the city, however, the army bolted and went into camp between the Chautauqua grounds and the Rock Island and Milwaukee railroad tracks, evidently expecting another train to be placed at their disposal. About 12 o'clock that nig^ht word was sent in that the army was ver}' restless and fears were expressed that they would sieze a train. An engine was hitched tu the cars containing the remaining- companies and the}' were trans- ported to the scene of action. Companv M had been in the service such a short time that they had practically nothing in the waj- of a mess outfit, but Company L, of Council Bluft's, came to their rescue and kindly invited them to share theirs, and later loaned the members of the company many of their overcoats when a cold, drizzly rain set in. This act on their part was the beg-inning of a warm friendship between the two companies, which was destined to grow and become stronger as the years went by and they were called to fight side by side on blood}' battlefields in far distant lands. LIEUTENANT I. I'l F. I, '".AN. FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 21 The next two days were spent in camp, but by Wednesday public feeling' had been aroused in favor of the commonvveal- ers and ag-ainst the military forces, so that Gen. Prime, thtn adjutant g-eneral of the Iowa National Guard, ordered the companies returned to the city, and the next daj', Thursday, ordered them to their respective stations. Compan}' M arrived in Red Oak Thursday evening' and the members scattered to their various homes. But with the military forces removed, the civil authorities in Council Bluffs were unable to control affairs and the citj' soon was in the hands of a mob. Friday afternoon the companies were ag;ain under orders. Company M assembled at the court house and there took up quarters, remaining under orders until Sunday afternoon, when thej' were relieved, matters having quieted in the Bluffs to such an extent that their presence was not needed. The records of that first week of active service are brief. We find b^' them that Corporal Will Marshall lost his shoes in the raging Mosquito Creek; Hart Palmer made such a good record as commissar}' sergeant that he soon got a promotion to battalion sergeant-major, and several of the fellows made rep- utations as foragers which still live. Company M returned, stronger as a company for having shared in common the unique experiences and for having responded to their first call to arms, although their only trophy of war was material for fireside reminiscences. The ne.xt few years were prosperous ones in the history of the company. When the term of enlistment expired some few of the charter members, who had assumed the more serious responsibilities of married life, retired. New recruits contin- ued to be received, always from the best of Red Oak's young men. The physical training afforded by the military drill, the company foot ball team, and later bj' the basket ball team, made it attractive to business and professional men. For three years the reports of the inspector showed that Company M stood at the head of the companies in the state. The highest marking was made in 1896, when a record of 106.83 out of a possible 109 was received. COMPANY M BUILDS A HOME. During the summer of 1896 it became very evident to the members of Company M that something must be done to secure 22 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. a new home, as the old armory had become so dilapidated that it was unsafe for drill purposes. When the company was first org-anized it was made a condition of membership that each man should ag'ree to turn his camp pay into the company treasury. This money formed the nucleus of an armory fund, which was increased from proceeds of various entertainments given by the company. Col. A. W. Swalm, of Oskaloosa, then commanding the Third Regiment, I. N. G. , recognizing the merit of Company M, interested himself in securing a substan- tial loan, which enabled the boj's to proceed at once with the building. The lot, the present site of the building, was purchased with the money on hand. After it was paid for and deeds recorded COMPANY M'S AHMORV. the company had only about $25 remaining in the treasury, but, nothing daunted, they pushed ahead with the building, which cost in the neighborhood of $6,000. A building com- mittee was appointed, consisting of Capt. J. W. Clark, Lieu- tenants French, Lane and Logan and Corporal Woodard. The plans were furnished by Fisher & Lawrie, of Omaha, materials were purchased from dealers, and O. H. Christopher was employed as superintendent of the work. The citizens of Red Oak, realizing the need of such a structure, gave the boys their hearty support, and many of the leading professional and FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 23 business men materially aided the building' committee in their work, both with advice and the promise of financial help. As the building neared completion the company saw that much more money would be needed. Accordingly it was de- cided to organize a stock company, placing the shares of stock at $10 per share, and ask the citizens of Red Oak to subscribe for enough stock to finish the building. Company M reserving the right to purchase this stock at its par value whenever they wished. A corporation was formed, known as the Red Oak Armory Company. A citizens committee was appointed to act with the building committee, and, with very little effort, suffi- cient stock was sold to complete the work. The building was formally opened on Christmas night, 1896, and in speaking of that occasion The Red Oak Express of January 1, 1897, said: "Grit, enterprise and hard work had their culmination Fri- day night in the opening of Company M's new armory, on the corner of Fifth and Coolbaugh streets. This structure was started about three months ago, and has been pushed so rap- idly as to be practically completed today. It is a handsome and imposing structure on the outside, while the interior ar- rangement is splendidly adapted to the needs of the company as well as for the accommodation of public gatherings. That it will serve various purposes of benefit to the city is already an accepted fact. The opening exercises were varied and of a decidedly interesting character. Addresses were made by Judge H. E. Deemer, Rev. E. C. Moulton and Senator J. M. Jun- kin. All three struck a happj' vein in their remarks, which were appropriate and put the audience in the best of humor. The musical part of the program consisted of instrumental solos by Mis.ses Cook and Shaw, the latter a young ladj' from Green- wood, Neb.; several solos were exquisitely rendered by Mr. W. F. Hypes, of Chicago, also a selection by Company M's quartette, composed of Messrs. Nordquist, Tyson, Bolt and Woodard. Following the program the floor was cleared for dancing, music for which was furnished by Beatty's society orchestra. The evening, as a whole, was a delightful one to the large crowd present. The structure of 45x120 feet, of solid red brick, and in general outline presents an imposing ap- pearance, as can be seen from our illustration. The main en- trance at the north leads into a spacious hallway, from which 24 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. access is gained to the g-allery above, two cloak rooms on either side and to the audience room, which has a clear floor space of 42^4x85 feet. The gallery is 8 feet wide on the sides, and 16 feet at the rear. The stage is 22x45 feet with an open- ing 21x13. The walls have a 42-inch footing, and 17 inches thick up to the galler3% 13 from that point with 17-inch pilasters continuing up to the trusses. The roof is supported by seven trusses, from which the gallery is also suspended, leaving- the floor space clear. Under the stage the company propert3' rooms will be located. The intention is to finish the stage in the near future and provide it with a complete set of scener3'. " CHAPTER II. DEATH OF DARWIN R. MERRITT. THE destruction of the United States battleship Maine in Havana harbor the nig-ht of February IS, 1898, had, as its ultimate result, a particular bearing on the Span- ish American war which followed and had more than common interest to the people of Red Oak and community, for our townsman, Darwin R. Merritt, assistant enffineer of the Maine, lost his life in that catastrophe. The morning of Februar3' 16 the news arrived of the Maine disaster. The first thought of every citizen of Red Oak was for the safetj' of the young- officer of whom everyone was proud. The first reports gave 258 men missing; and two officers, Lieut. Friend W. Jenkins and Darwin R. Merritt. It was hoped that later reports would prove that Darwin was on shore leave at the time of the explosion or was picked up with manv' others from the water. All hope was lost the morning- of the 17th, when his father received a telegram from Washington: "Merritt in junior officers' mess room when explosion occur- red. Got to hatch; ladder was gone. Officer Boyd climed through and tried to pull Merritt up. Merritt lost his hold, fell back and was drowned. Body not found; probably in wreck. " — [Taken from report of Consul General Lee.] The receipt of this teleg-ram took away the last vestige of hope for those anxious ones waiting for encouraging news. His father and family were prostrated with grief and the entire community extended to them their sympathy and con- dolence. A week later information was received from David F. Boyd, a cadet of the Maine, who was the last person to see Darwin R. Merritt alive. Boyd stated that he was sitting in the steerage of the Maine when the explosion occurred, with Assistant Engineer D. R. Merritt, both of whom were reading. 26 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Suddenly the lights were extinguished and a tremendous shock, accompanied by ilying' splinters and the sound of crashing bulkheads, was heard. For an instant he was dazed and was then struck by a flj'ing splinter in the back of the neck. When he collected his wits he grasped Engineer Merritt by the hand. He thinks Merritt must have been struck and dazed and was pulled out into the passage in the after torpedo room. The tremendous flow of water swept them apart. Boj'd grasped a steam heater pipe and worked his way toward the steerage hatch. Water was rushing through the port and was almost up to the deck above. He found two Whitehead torpedoes that were tied up overliead, and twining both arms and legs around one of them, worked his way on deck. Just as he reached the deck the water 'covered the quarter deck awning and the ship partly righted herself. He flung himself into the water and was picked up by a boat. The unfortunate young officer's father and relatives received many letters of condolence from naval officers who were class- mates and friends of Darwin at Annapolis. They speak of him in a manner that shows him to have been held there, as at home, in the highest regard: "U. S. S. Essex, Port Rov.^l, S. C. , Feb. 18, 1898. "Hox. W. W. Merritt: "The disaster on board the Maine has deprived the navy of a bright and promising young officer, you of a son, and me of a friend. I knew young Merritt very well and we were as inti- mate as officers of our difference in age and rank get to be. As an officer, he was respected by all; as a gentleman, he was liked by all. You have my most heartfelt sympath3' — but you may rest assured that your son did not disgrace his friends, his profession or his family. Yours respectfully, "JOHX W. Stewart, Lieut. U. S. Navy." "24 Porter Row, U. S. Naval Academy, "Anxapolis, Md., Feb. 18, 1898. "My Dear Mr. Merritt: "Thoughperhapsthis is ill-timed, I feel that I must v.-rite you concerning your son. I have been greatly affected by the ter- rible news from Havana, and have hoped against faith that I would learn that after all your son had escaped and was at least among the wounded. I was, perhaps, as well acquainted FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 27 •with him as anybody in the service, and can easily say that I loved him as a brother. He was irt my company here at the academy as a cadet, sat at my table, and I was shipmate with him for fourteen months, so I feel that I knew him well. He was a g-reat favorite with his seniors, both because of his pro- fessional attainments, and because of his personal good fellow- ship and stanchness. An officer of high rank, with wliom 3-our son was at that time serving-, once told me that he would rather have Merritt on board and in charge of his engines than all the rest of the engineer officers combined. Words fail me to express all I feel, but I want you to believe in m3' heartfelt sympathy and that I mourn deeply with 3'ou. I trust you will accept my sympathy for you and yours in this sad affliction, and believe me ready to be of any service j'ou maj' find use of in one so feeble. With great respect, "W. S. Crosley, Ensign U. S. N. " The following letter, dated at Havana, March 5, 1898, was received from Rev. John P. Chidwick, chaplain of the Maine: "Rev. and Dear Sir: "It grieves me exceedingly to state that the bodies of Lieut. Jenkins and Engineer Merritt have not 3'et been recovered. The divers have been searching for them for the last week, but the work has been greatly obstructed by debris in the part of the ship where the bodies are supposed to be. However, they have cut this away and expect to recover the bodies in a day or two. When recovered the bod3- will be forwarded to you. We are prepared to send it. Your boy was a noble son. He certainly showed your training in his quiet, respectful, rever- ential conduct. He was a great favorite with his fellow-officers. I can assure you that his conduct aboard ship was without reproach. I S3'mpathize with 3'ou deeply in this terrible af- fliction, and pray that God will strengthen and comfort 3'ou in your great loss. Yours in prayers, "John P. Chidwick." Letters were also received from Consul General Fitzhugh Lee, Captain Sigsbee and others prominent in naval and gov- ernment affairs- Darwin R. Merritt was born in Red Oak, April 12, 1872. The earl3- part of his life was spent on his father's farm, east 28 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. of town. He attended what was known as the Milner school, and afterwards, when the family moved to town, attended the town schools. He finished his civil education in the Western Normal college at Shenandoah. In 1891 he was named as alternate candidate for a naval cadetship from the Ninth con- gressional district to the academj' at Annapolis. The reg-ular appointee, a young- man from Audubon, Iowa, failed to pass the examination, leaving- the field open for Darwin. Althoug-h having: made no special preparation for such an examination he spent the intervening- time in study and received the ap- pointment September 10, 1891. His splendid physique and soldierly bearing;, together with kind and unselfish wa3's, won ASSISTANT ENGINEER DAKWIN R. MERRITT. him many friends in his class. He graduated, ranking third in a class of 84, of whom 41 passed. He was a member of his class foot ball team in 1894 and played center on the regular team in 1895, being a substitute in the famous game between West Point and Annapolis that year, in which the army was beaten by the navy. After finishing his regular course he spent two years cruising along the Atlantic coast on the Amphitrite and Indiana. He was coach for the Indiana foot ball team. He graduated July 1, 1897, and after several months' service at the Brooklyn navy yard, was assigned to the berth of assistant engineer on the Maine. His letters home showed how seriously he viewed the situation. Only a short FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 29 time before the disaster lie wrote in a letter to his brother, W. W. Merritt, Jr., that he anticipated trouble. This simplj' serves to confirm the opinions expressed by other officers in letters to their families. Memorial services in honor of Darwin R. Merritt were held in the armory Sunday afternoon, April IS, 1898. Two months of anxious waiting were spent in hopes of the recovery of the body from the wreck of the Maine. The memorial service was the most impressive public event ever held in Red Oak. Mr. John Hayes called the assembly to order. Sacred music was sung by church choirs and Rev. E. C. Moulton offered the opening- prayer. The Grand Armj' of the Republic attended in a body. Rev. E. C. Moulton, Judge H. E. Deemer, Hon. Smith McPherson and C. E. Richards were the speakers. Resolutions of respect were adopted and read bj' Mr. Richards at the close of his remarks. The following are selected para- graphs from the addresses: REV. MOULTON 'S ADDRESS. "M3' Friends and Old Neighbors: AVe are assembled this afternoon for two purposes. The first is to give united expres- sion to our profound sympathy as a community with the father, the brothers and the kinfolk of Engineer Merritt in the great sorrow that has suddenly fallen upon them in his supremely tragic death at his post of diit3' on the national battleship Maine. The second purpose of the meeting is, I trust, that we may reverently study the lessons which the God of natioirs is manifestly teaching us, in common with the seventy million citizens of the republic, in and through this appalling- inter- national tragedy. •'While other and abler speakers are to lead your thoughts in these and kindred directions, I cannot forego the privilege to which very pleasant personal, social and fraternal relations with this stricken -father entitle me, of trying to bring to him a single brief message of comfort in this time of his sorest need. "And, my friend, the very day itself 'uttereth speech' sug- gesting a message of sweetest comfort and of brightest hope. This is Easter, Christendom's memorial of the opening of the grave, of the victory over death, and of the resurrection of the son of man to the glorious, complete and eternal life which he had with the Father before the world was. So the speech 30 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. which this day is uttering, if only we have ears to hear it and faith rig-htly to interpret it, is the divine warrant and pledge of the opening of the grave— even though that grave be the pitiless sea, for the sea shall give up its dead— the victory over death and the resurrection to a glorious, complete and eternal life of every son of man in whom His spirit dwells. The in- dwelling of His spirit carries with it the resistless power of His resurrection. Because He lives, the Christ spirit in man shall live also. "This, then, is Easter's message to you, my bereaved brother, as, in imagination, you are standing on the unsubmerged wreck of the Maine, where you have been standing night and day for eight weary weeks, looking down into the watery grave of Havana harbor for some token of your dear, brave sailor boy whom treacherous hands had buried there. The token you will not find there; for Darwin is not there; he is risen. This blessed message, which the Father's angel first brought to sorrowing watchers at His Son's tomb, He is re- peating to you through every swelling bud and expanding blossom of the Easter time. It is no less His angel that speaks today because it takes the form of an Easter lily springing in beauty from a bulb buried and deca3'ing in an early grave. From lips pure as any other angel's and fragrant with divinest hope comes the ver3' same sweet, old, yet ever new, message to this father from his son's grave beneath a southern sea; 'He is not here. He is risen. ' "God forbid that anyone in this great assembly should dis- honor Him with the thought that He should impart this mar- velous power of resurrection to a plant and withhold it from His own child. And we need also to remember that the resur- rection of the dead is only the simple and natural result of the indwelling spirit of Christ asserting its power over death. I think this is, in large part, the meaning of Jesus' wonderful words, 'I am the resurrection. ' So the spirit of Christ in a man becomes, as I have said, the divine warrant and pledge that the power of his resurrection is in the man also. ' ' Now, my brother, you and I and all who knew your boy and our boy (for this entire community, in which his young life grew so vigorously and blossomed so beautifully, proudly assert a claim to him) and seventy millions of our countrymen and all the world — outside of Spain — to whom the story of his FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 31 death is known, believe that the spirit of Christ was indeed in him when he gave himself in sacrifice on the cross of duty in the harbor of Havana. Fitting- it is, therefore, that on this holy Easter Sunday a memorial service should be held in his honor here in his beloved home, and that all our hearts should be moved to reverence at the contemplation of a sacrifice so costly, so Christ-like. " O, my friends, talk as we may about preparation for death, there surely can be no better preparation for any man than that death shall find him at his post of duty. For the term 'post of duty' means the place where the Lord has put him. The command of duty is the command of G-od. Loyalty to dut}' is loyalty to God. It was at his God-assig-ned post of duty that death found Engineer Merritt. He must, therefore, be not the victim but the conqueror of death. 'The resurrec- tion and the life' which Christ declares Himself to be, must be his also, to the full extent that the spirit of Christ was his. "I am glad, therefore, my brother, to be able to bring to you, as an Easter greeting, the joyful assurance that your noble son is alive; while it may be we, and the government of which we are a part, who are shirking duty; it may be we, and the government of which we are a part, who are stuffing our ears with wads of bank notes and bonds so that we cannot hear her divine voice, nor the pitiful, pleading voices of thousands and hundreds of thousands of our oppressed, wretched, suffering, starving, dying neighbors in Cuba, victims of the same fiend- ish, the same Spanish, malignit3' that murdered Darwin and his brave comrades of the Maine. " Hon. Smith McPherson spoke eloquently of his many years' acquaintance with the Merritt family, the respect they were held in by^the community and the great interest taken at all times in Darwin R. Merritt and the career he was making for himself in the navy. In the course of his remarks Mr. Mc- Pherson bade the people restrain their impatience and recalled the many historical incidents of our nation's sympathy and support of weaker powers struggling to sustain their govern- ment. "War," he said, "is a deplorable alternative and we must enter upon it only after the most earnest considera- tion. The newspaper men who proclaim for war will not be in the war. The congressmen of the other party than the president's party who are declaiming to the galleries will 32 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. not be in the war. The congressmen of his own party malt- ing the theatrical plays will not be in the war. The congress- nieu of his own party wlio are attending conferences and threatening attacks upon the president will not be in the war. The men who, with much ostentation, are offering their ser- vices for the war will do but little. The men hanging around and making secret visits and writing letters to the adjutant- generals and the governors will be of no service in the war and only seek shoulder straps and a very cheap notorietj'. The men who fight the war will be the men who enlist at the sound of the fife and the taps of the drum, and tal^e in their hands the muskets. Tliej', and tliey onl3', wall be the men who must fight the war to a conclusion." In conclusion he said: ' ' If the Maine had been blown up in the excitement of battle the story would not have been such a sad one. But it occurred in the quiet, still, dark night, when all was serene. The whole story has been recently told in verse, which, slightly chang-ed, recites: " 'Death came out from the black nig-ht's deep, And sailed to the battleship's side; Not a man of the sailor clan Looked upon the deathman's ride. " 'The Iowa boy, the New Hampshire bo3' And the boy from Tennessee, Without a fear that death was near, Swung into eternity. " 'Nor shot, nor flag, nor battle cry. Nor strain of a nation's air. Broke the gloom of the sailors" doom. Nor even a priestly prayer. " 'A face looks out from a far-away home. An eye is bent upon the sea. But the Iowa boy will not come back, Nor the boy from Tennessee. " 'Theirs not the glory of battle. Nor did victory win the day; But a nation weeps because the dark sea keeps Her dead beneath the bay. ' "No monument can be erected to marli the spot where these men went dovv'n. But we will be satisfied if Cuba is given her FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 33 independence, and if Morro Castle is thrown down and wliere it now stands a Statue of Liberty is erected — such a one as now stands at the entrance to New York Harbor — and pro- claims that after 400 years of oppression Cuba has taken her place among- the republics of the world. That will be monu- ment enough. We will then say that Darwin Merritt and his 265 comrades have not died in vain, and that the murder of these men has been aveng^ed. " JUDGE H. E. DEEMEr'S ADDRESS. Judge Deemer followed with an eloquent tribute to the young officer's memory. He said in part: "This beautiful Easter da3', dedicated in mythology' to the Goddess of Spring and celebrated by all Christian people on account of its intimate connection with the great central fact of our religious system, the Resurrection, seems a most appro- priate time for these exercises to be held to commemorate the memory of our last mart.yr to the cause of liberty and freedom. The dominant thought of the daj' — that, though dead, he shall rise again, is a source of solace to all these relatives and friends who have met to honor his name. To all of us itmeans that, though slumbering, the mighty heart of this great nation, slow though it be to anger, does not forget and will awake on the morrow ready to defend its honor, peaceably if it can, forcibly if it must. "The pag-es of the past are written in letters of blood. Strip from any history the records of battles and wars and but little remains. The era of peace on earth, good will to man, is not arrived, nor will it until the last vestige of barbarous rule be driven from the soil of the western hemisphere. " The great men of every g-eneration have been its soldiers and sailors. Washington, Jackson, Scott, Perry, Taylor, Grant, Sherman, Harrison — take these names from history and what is there left? The minute man of Lexington and the veteran of the civil war have ever been regarded as the highest type of citizenship. No nobler emotion fills the human breast than love of country — for it comprehends all oar earthl3' loves. Without the spirit of patriotism our nation would be insecure, our homes unstable, and our property uncertain. That nation which posesses it not is already decayed and is doomed to cer- tain death. 34 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. " To foreg-o the many avenues to success in civil life and en- list for the cause of us all requires great courag-e. To enlist in the navy of the United States requires more courage, and to enlist in the engineer's department, where there is no chance of escape should harm come to the vessel, puts one to the severest test known to man. Working in the bowels of the ship, with no knowledge of what is transpiring on deck, with no information as to the purposes of the enemy, with no chance to fire back, with perfect knowledge that should a mine or torpedo explode or a shell pierce the vitals of the ship that death is certain; enlisting with all this knowledge and going manfully to his post, I say such a man has shown the very highest degree of courage known. "The past few weeks have been filled with such momentous events that we do not know today what the morrow will bring forth. We only know with certainty that this state has al- ready given to the nation one of her noblest sons. Darwin R. Merritt was an Iowa boy. He was born in our own city and received his education in our schools. His ideas of liberty were formed on these prairies; his love of country was culti- vated on our own soil. " The speaker then dwelt on the career of the j'oung hero. He told of the blessed boon of the companionship of his noble father; his early life on the farm and the wonderful influence of nature as his teacher; his punctuality and reflective studi- ousness in the public schools where he laid the foundation for his future advancement in one of the two highest military schools in the country. He told how his preliminary training made him easily a favorite in his class. He was grateful, un- selfish, companionable and kind. He had the respect of his instructors, the love of his friends. Then came his two years cruise on the Indiana and Amphitrite during which his pro- ficiency in his chosen calling came to the attention of his superior officers, among them "Fighting Bob" Evans, all of whom speak in the highest terms of his ability, and one went so far as to say that he would "rather have Merritt in charge of his engines than any other of the engineers' force." Continuing, Judge Deemer spoke of young Merritt's last visit home after final graduation, his assignment later to the Maine and its journey to Cuban waters and finally its destruc- tion in which the young engineer lost his life while at his post FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 35 of duty. ''This tribute of respect is but a feeble effort to dem- onstrate how truly we revere his memory. When Memorial Day again rolls round with its eulog-ies to the patriotic dead, this martyr of the Maine will not be forgotten. Red Oak was proud of her son in life, it is proud of him in death. In the tablets of our memory will always remain one bearing the name, Darwin R. Merritt. I feel today that we are again at our countrj^'s altar ready to pledge our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor to the president of this great republic should he see fit to make the call. " C. E. RICHARDS' ADDRESS. Before reading- the resolutions adopted by the committee, Mr. Richards spoke as follows: "I have been directed by the committee to present the reso- lutions adopted by them respecting the death of Darwin R. Merritt. In thus obeying their direction, I may be permitted to say a word concerning the young- man, his life, his death. "Ordinarily in the death of a man the losers are the members of his familj' — they are g-enerallj' the only ones who suffer the loss as they grievously stand around his open grave and drop a tear to his memory and cast a flower in his tomb. Not so in the death of Darwin R. Merritt. This nation mourns the loss and sheds tears in his memory. At the threshold of an active, useful life in the naval service of his country, he has been infamously murdered — while standing at his post of duty upon the battleship Maine, anchored in a supposed friendly harbor, with our national flag floating to the breeze of Heaven, a sym- bol of peace and good will to the Spanish nation. He and 259- American marines have been hurled into eternity by the in- famous acts of national treachery — holding out to our nation in the one hand the olive branch of peace, with the other placing a submarine mine under the battleship Maine which demol- ished it — Darwin R. Merritt and his naval comrades met an untimely end. What civilized nation on the face of the globe would not stand appalled at the direful results of such igno- minious treachery! "Darwin R. Merritt was born in the city of Red Oak and here he grew up to manhood. In youth the elements of uprightness, purity and unselfishness of character, simplicity and courtesy of manner and every other moral element that make a perfect 36 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. manhood, were instilled into his mind by the precepts of his respected parents, which were daily spread out before him. On yonder farm during: the summer months at hard work he developed his physical strength which gave him that erect and majestic body we so much admired when we saw him during- his summer vacations at home on a furlough, walking upon the sidewalks with measured steps. Habits of industry thus ac- quired followed him to the naval academy at Annapolis, where, by the assiduous toil of a student's life, he became a leading member of his class and justly won for himself that responsi- ble position in the navy he held at the time of his death. When he graduated from that institution and came forth upon the stage of human action his life, however, did not resemble the blazing comet in its parabolic course through the Heavens, nor like the dazzling meteor, but more like the polar star, firm- fixed and steadfast, giving bearings to his comrades in the naval service in their life's journey to positions of honor and fame. May they emulate his example so that when at last the3' meet him in that harbor of eternal peace it can be truly said of them that their official lives to their country were hon- orable and loyal. "Darvi'in R. Merritt, this convocation of the people, and the nation itself, bids your smiling face, erect and stately body, farewell, but your noble traits of character will ever remain as a lasting monument which time cannot efface. RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT. "Resolved, That in the untimely death of Darwin R. Mer- ritt while in the discharge of his duties as a naval otficer of the United States, which occurred by the blowing up of the battleship Maine in the Havana harbor on the 15th of Febru- ar3', 1898, his relatives have sustained an irreparable loss, and the general government has lost a citizen and naval officer dis- tinguished alike for uprightness, purity and unselfishness of character, for simplicity and courtesy of manner, for true loyalty to the government which educated him, and assigned him to that official position he so justly earned by the assidu- ous toil of a student's life. "That his loss at the very threshold of an active and useful life in the naval service of his country falls grievously alike upon his relatives, this communiij- and the nation. Thouo-h FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 37 his body lies entombed in the mess-room of that wrecked battle- ship, or perchance buried in the turbid waters of Havana har- bor, his noble traits of character sank not with him, but re- main as a lasting' monument which time can not efface. "That sympathy for his immediate relatives in this, their g-rievous loss, is universally felt bj' this communitj'. "That a copj' of these resolutions be sent to his family and a copy also to the naval academj' at Annapolis to be filed in the archives of that institution from which he graduated, his alma mater. " CHAPTER III. MUTTERINGS OF WAR. /TAUBA and her war-ridden, starved and abused people were i ^-^ long- the objects of sympathy on the part of the libertj'- ^^ loving- people of our own country. Spain's method of rule on that unhappy island was for man}' years a succession of revolting- cruelties. The Cuban struggle for liberty against fearful odds excited the admiration of the world, and espec- ially did it appeal to the people of the United States. The instance of the wanton murder of the crew of the Virginius b.v Spanish authority was also a grievance which the American people could not excuse or forget. This happened during the ten j'ears' insurrection in which thousands of Cubans gave their lives in an vinsuccessful attempt to throw off the yoke of Spain. The Cubans were whipped, or at least cajoled by promises of better government in the future, so that for a time they settled into conditions that grew even worse than before the insurrection. In 1895, undaunted by their former failure to gain their freedom, they again rebelled. Spain poured corps after corps of her best soldiers into the island, but was unable to put down the insurrection. Marshal Campos was recalled for alleged lack of energy and in his place Gen. "Weyler was put with the hope of reacliing a speedj' end. Weyler 's reign, from the first, was one of fire and slaughter. The non-com- batants, old men, women and children, were driven from their homes, and collected in great bodies wliere tliej' were left to starve or die of disease. In 1896 Cuba had become a veritable slaughter house, with humans as victims. At the close of the Cleveland administration congress made an attempt towards the recognition of the Cubans as belligerents, but the President failed to make the bill a law by withholding his signature. Weyler's rule continued with its awful results. The suffer- FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 39 ing-s of the Linfortunate islanders more than ever appealed to the people of the United States, who daily importuned the g-ov- ernment to intervene. This appeal resulted in a vigorous diplomatic remonstrance by the government to the Spanish minister, resulting- in promises of better treatment in the future and the recall of Gen. Weyler. Gen. Blanco succeeded Weyler, and a shadowy form of so-called autonomous government for the island was instituted. The opening- of 1898 found the insurrection still unsuppressed. The islanders were dying by thousands and the people of the fW,'"? T!""^^^-?'-^ GROUP OF NON-CO.M.MISSIONED OFFICERS— CAMP MCKINLEY. United States were clamoring- for a cessation of hostilities. The feeling-s of the Spaniards towards the American residents of Cuba were expressed by insults and assaults. Consul Gen. Fitzhug-h Lee, in Havana, was thre.atened with assassination and the lives of Americans were in peril. Up to this time nothing- but the most friendl}' relations existed Ijetween our g-overnment and Spain. In view of the disturbance in Havana, Spain was notified that the battleship Maine would be sent to that harbor, not from an unfriendly feeling, but to protect American lives should occasion demand it. The Maine 40 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. reached Havana harbor and was accorded all the courtesies usually shown foreign men-ot-war on entering- a port. On the night of February 15, 1898, while lying at anchor where she was conducted by Spain's official, the Maine was destroyed by an explosion and 259 of her crew perished. When this information reached the States it caused a feeling of horror and indignation to sweep the country. The tension of feeling, long at a high pitch on account of suffering Cuba, was wrought to fever heat by this outrage. The popular demand was for war at once. Captain Sigsbee, of the Maine, in a dispatch to our government, asked the people to withhold their judgment until such time as a proper investigation of the affair could be made by the naval authorities. The people calmed somewhat under the apparent justice of this advice and waited the result of the investigation. Every indication from the best possible sources was against the accident theorj'. The of&cial board convened and remained in session for nearly four weeks. The testimony of expert divers, naval constructors and others was taken, and March 21 the official announce- ment of the result was given out as follows: "The loss of the Maine was not in any respect due to fault or negligence on part of any officer or members of her crew; that the ship was destroj'ed by the explosion of a submarine mine, which caused the partial explosion of two or more of her forward magazines, and that no evidence has been obtained fixing tlie responsi- bility of the blowing- up of the Maine upon anj^ person or persons. " The people received tlie verdict as a foregone conclusion and ag-ain demanded war. Congress reflected this feeling by making an appropriation of $50,000,000 for national defenses. On March 28 the President sent to congress a message trans- mitting the finding of the Maine inquiry board. War was imminent and the policy was to delay matters until Americans could get out of Cuba. Consul General Lee was the last to leave, he remaining until all others were safely embarked. He arrived at Key West April 11. On April 18 both houses of Congress passed resolutions demanding that the government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. This resolution was signed by the Presi- dent April 20. A copy was sent to Minister Woodford at FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 41 Madrid with instructions to communicate same to the Spanish government. April 23 was the date g'iven for a reply. Before Minister Woodford could present the ultimatum of the United States he was given his passports. This act constituted the actual beginning of the war. The Spanish Cortes convened on April 24 and formally recognized the existence of war. Congress, on the following day, passed the following bill, pol- itics being for once forgotten, Democrats and Populists voting with the Republicans: "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled: "First, That war be, and the same is hereby declared to exist, and that war has existed since the 21st day of April, A. D. 1898, including said daj', between the United States of America and the kingdom of Spain. "Second, That the President of the United States be, and is hereby directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, the militia of the several states, to such an extent as may be necessary to carry this act into eifect. " April 23 the President issued a call for 125,(100 volunteers. Pursuant to this call the governors of the different states, through their adjutant .generals, issued an order assembling the National Guard at the various state capitols. The country was in a furor of excitement. The scenes of 1861 were repeated. Every city and town which held a military' organ- ization made patriotic demonstrations and the whole country resounded with cheering- men and women giving the brave young heroes encouragement and farewell. OFF FOR DES IIOINES. In view of the war cloud hanging over the country in the interval following the Maine disaster. Captain Clark and Company M, of Red Oak, were already preparing for service. In March the company received many recruits and unusual interest was manifested in all meetings called at the armory. Drilling three times a week took the place of the regular once a week drill. When the call came from the adjutant general Company M, through the efforts of the captain, was ready for the front, and it was with no feeling of surprise or uncertainty that they responded. Company M left Red Oak for Des Moines 42 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Tuesday morning, April 26. The following- account relative to their departure appeared in the Red Oak Expressof that week: "Amid the waving of thousands of flags, the ringing of bells, the screech of whistles and to the sound of martial music, Company M, sixtj' strong, marched out of the armory at eight o'clock Tuesdaj' morning to the depot, where, twenty minutes Jater, their train bore them away toward Des Moines, leaving l>ehind tearful mothers, fathers, sisters, sweethearts, wives. The cit.y was ablaze with flags, and the streets had the appear- ance of a Fourth of July celebration, except for the noise. The great crowds that thronged about the armor}' and accom- panied the soldiers to the depot, where they surged about the cars and through the waiting rooms and over the tracks to say •one last good-bye, were strangelj' silent. Farewells were said with tear-stained e3-es and unsteady voices. Scarcely did the boys have time to force their way through their throng of friends and get places in their coach, when the train pulled out. And then the crowd slowly and silently dispersed. "For three da3's business had been practicall}' suspended. Last week Captain Clark was putting the final touches to his company, getting everything in readiness to go at a moment's notice. The order to get read}' was momentarilj' expected and yet, when the order came Saturday to assemble the men and prepare to move on instructions by wire, the news came almost like a shock. Not knowing whether the order to move would come that night there was a great rushing here and there by members of the company; knapsacks were being packed, uni- forms were being given out and donned, the boj's were being examined and all was excitement. The following is the text of the order: " 'Des Moines, April 22, 1898. " 'Capt. J. W. Clark, Red Oak, Iowa. " 'Dear Sir: — Be prepared to come to Des Moines on receipt of instructions by wire. Bring with you all state property and camp equipage. Full dress uniforms packed separately and •well marked. Bring only those who desire to go to the front and who can probably p:iss an examination. Bring no nevi' recruits unless well drilled. Expedite these arrangements as much as possible. Very respectfull}-, " 'Melvix H. Byers, " 'Adjutant General.' FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 43 "Following the announcement of this order came a stampede from those who wanted to join the companj'. It didn't take long- to fill the compan_y to its full strength of 45 men and Capt. Clark desired to accept good men until he had about 65. The proudest and happiest persons in the cit_y were the high school boj's under 21 who were able to secure the consent of their fathers to go to the front, and the most miserable were those who couldn't. Jim Logan was the first to overcome his father's objections. Clarence Lumb was not so successful and it was not until Monday noon he secured the coveted .signature. He VI' as received with ring^ing cheers as lie walked proudly into the armory bearing- the precious document granting per- mission to don the uniform he had relinquished a day or two previous. Evan Evans, the doughty little captain of Red Oak's crack foot ball team, was still on the outside, the saddest boy in the city. When word was given out that the company was to leave Tuesday morning- he re-doubled his efforts to secure his father's consent. He was only 18, and but three inches over five feet tall, but when he came into the armory Monday evening with his father's consent to enlist, he was accepted, his otherwise perfect physique making up for the lack of stature. "Saturday night the armory was crowded with friends and relatives, watching the boys packing their knapsacks and preparing for departure. During the evening, on motion of Senator Junkin, a collection was taken up and $50 secured as a mess fund. That nig-ht the members of the company slept in the armory. "Sunday was another busy day, but Capt. Clark had learned by this time that they were not likely to be called out before Tuesday, and there was less activity. In all the churches, however, the war and our boys were mentioned. Members of the company appeared in their accustomed places in the choir in uniform. The streets and square had the appearance of a holiday rather than Sunday. "Monday forenoon word came that tlie Third regiment would move to Des Moines Tuesday morning- at 8:15. Once more all was activity. In the afternoon Capt. Clark received instructions to prepare two days' rations. The order naming time for starting was countermanded and afterwards re-issued. " Owing to the fact that .so many members of the company are or have been connected with the high school, Principal 44 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Condit invited the company to visit the school Monday after- noon. Under the command of Capt. Clark about SO of the boys in fatigue uniform, without guns, marched to the high school building at 1:30 o'clock, where they received a royal welcome. On the blackboard, under 'the caption, 'Roll of Honor,' ap- peared the names of the thirty-four members and ex-members of the high school who had enlisted. Three more names were added later. The room was decorated with a profusion of flags. MESR TENT— CAMP MCKINLEY. "An impromptu program liad been prepared. A chorus of girls sang 'The Red, White and Blue.' Mr. Condit welcomed the boys, speaking of the great interest the high school took in Comjiany M, so larg-elj' made up of high school students, alumni and teachers, there being thirteen students and two teachers. Then came tlie 'Star Spang-led Banner,' by a chorus of g-irls, and a vocal solo 'The Destruction of the Maine,' by Ethel FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 45 Simons, which was well received. Miss Moulton then read a poem written for the occasion by Miss Melick. "The high school chorus sang an original adaptation of 'John Brown's Body,' after which Comrade Joel Carey, repre- senting the G. A. R., spolce for a few minutes. Among other things he told the boys they would come back stronger, more manly men, and adjured them to do their duty as Iowa bo3's always do. Supt. Chevalier spoke for a few minutes on the justice of their cause. The high school chorus sang 'Marching Through Georgia' with words to suit the occasion, after which Senator J. M. Junkin delivered a short but impassioned address, which aroused the enthusiasm of the boys. "Just before the close of Senator Junkin 's speech, Morse Moulton, just arrived from St. Louis to join the company, accompanied by his father, Rev. Moulton, of Corning, entered the room and took seats. The latter, as a veteran of the civil war, was asked to speak, and responded briefly in a liappy manner. He said he was borne down with the burden of j'ears and feared liis shoulders could not stand the additional burden of a knapsack and musket, but if he couldn't go he could at least send a substitute, and one of the same blood. He asked the boys to take care of his boy: give him plenty to eat and make him shoot straight and often. The exercises closed by the singing! of 'America.' Owing to the excitement all were laboring under, the school was dismissed for the da3'. "A part of the afternoon was devoted to drilling the recruits and the evening was devoted to a farewell reception to the boys at the armory. Never has that building been so crowded as it was Monday evening. Only a few chairs were used on the main floor, almost the entire space being occupied by people who stood throughout the exercises. The total number present could not have been far short of 2000 persons. John Hayes presided during the exercises. Critzer's orchestra played a medley of American airs, after which a ladies' chorus sang 'Hail Columbia. ' Rev. E. C. Moulton offered prayer, followed by a song by a double male quartette, after which the chair- man introduced F. M. Byrkit, as representing- the G. A. R., the members of which society were present in a body, who spoke of the events of the day from the standpoint of a veteran of '61. Mrs. Hulett, assisted by a chorus, then sang 'Columbia the Gem of the Ocean," and Mr. E. C. Magee rendered the 46 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. vocal solo, 'A Warrior Bold, ' in a faultless manner. Then came the address of the evening by Chief JusiceH. E. Deemer, of the Supreme Court, who spoke to the boys for the citizens of Red Oak. His address was an impassioned one. He referred to the pride the people of Red Oak have in Company M, and told the boys they couldn't have better officers. He said that more soldiers died from disease than bullets, and cautioned them to look after their health. He spoke briefly of the cause of the war, the freeing- of an alien people, work of a purely unselfish character. After referring- to the despicable Spanish character and their hundreds of years of barbarous rule, he closed by saying: 'If you ever get to Cuba let you watchward be 'Remember the Maine; Remember Darwin Merritt. ' ' "After the singing of the 'Star Spangled Banner' by Mrs. J. W. Manker, assisted by the chorus. Miss Moulton, on behalf of the ladies of Red Oak, presented to the company a handsome silk flag, which, unfortunately, did not arrive in time to be exhibited that evening. Miss Moulton spoke with tears in her eyes, but with a smiling face. She voiced the feelings of every woman present in the following appropriate address: " 'The mothers, the sisters, and the whole army of girls who stand ready to be sisters to our loj'al companj', have asked me to speak to them for Company M. Why, Columbia herself, with all her abundant means of transportation, couldn't express half the good wishes, the pride and the affec- tion with which my heart is burdened! How then can I convey it then in any words of the English language? Yet we would have you take it with you, this cargo of love and trust with which our hearts are freighted. It will make those knapsacks easier pillows. It may serve as a bulwark against more dangerous foes than fig-hting Spaniards. " 'Oh, Company M, we are proud of j'oul Proud of 3'our sturdy manhood that has stood the test of this trj'ing time. You have shown to the world that your eyes are true to see clearly the path of duty; that your ears are keyed to hear above the clinking of coin, above the threatening roar of Span- ish artillery, even above the voice of loved ones, the clear call of your country. As you stand before us tonight in your manly strength and vigor, clearly outlined against the ominous dark- ness of the future, we realize as we never have before, the preciousness of the sacrifice -we are called to place upon our FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 47 country's altar. Is it a trifling- love that prompts this sacri- fice? The God of Hosts who knows a woman's heart, alone can fathom its depths! Thirty-seven of j'ou have worn the orange and black, have won j'our way into mj' life as I have thoLig-ht your thoug-hts with you day by day, as we have shared together the triumphs and defeats of our high school life. My- heart aches more than I can tell! But I stand awed in the presence of a mother's grief as she bids her boy goodbye. " 'Can you doubt then the stars and stripes are dear to us? When, as j'ou leave your home tomorrow, we shall place that flag in your keeping, we do it because we love it dearer than life; because we know of no braver hearts or sturdier hands to whom we can entrust it. We look to you to keep its honor unsullied, to advance it till it shall wave triumphantly between our cruelly wronged brothers of the southern island, and their Spanish oppressors. If it shall be your part to endure the hardships of war, to make long, weary marches, under the tropical sun, to sleep beneath the open sk}*, remember that 3'ou are bearing, sufl^ering, doubly for j'ourselves and the Red Oak girls you leave behind j'ou. Compan3' M, goodb3-e; 'Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers our tears; Our faith triumphant o'er our fears. Are all with thee, are all with thee.' "The chairman then introduced D. B. Miller, who was asked to respond to the subject, 'The Soldier's Grub — the Compan3''s Mess.' His was a most practical address. He spoke directly to Capt. Clark, who had been called to the stage, and to the members of the compan3- seated just in front of him. After telling- about camp life in '61 and the important step the3' had taken, he handed the captain an envelope, which, he said, contained $250 to be used as a mess fund, to purchase such comforts of life as are not furnish b3' the gov- ernment, and to that extent reduce the hardships of camp and field life. "Capt. Clark was called for, and in a few w-ords, returned the thanks of the company for the many marks of favor bestowed by the citizens of Red Oak, ending by asserting their purpose to deserve the trust placed in them. "The exercises closed by the audience singing 'America, ' after which the refreshments, which had been prepared by the 48 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. ladies, were served to members of the company and their sweet- hearts and friends. The evening was one never to be forgotten. Before dispersing Capt. Clark announced the departure of the companj' at 8:15 o'clock Tuesday morning. "It had been suggested Mondaj' evening that everyone who went to the train to see the boys oflf should carry a flag, and the suggestion was acted upon almost unanimously. Every- thing was in motion around the armory at an early hour Tues- day morning. By 8 o'clock the streets in front of the armory were crowded, as was the square, and flags everywhere. Pedestrians carried them and vehicles were profusely decor- ated with them. At the hour named above tlie start was made. The fire bell sounded the alarm and steam whistles helped announce the fact to the world. Maj. Evans' drum corps led, followed by Garfield Post, G. A. R., about ninety in line. Then came Company M, more than sixty being in line, with knapsacks and rifles, the flower of Red Oak's young manhood marching out to war. It is doubtful if a finer lot of fellows will be mustered from any other city in the state. The^' rep- resent the best families in the city; there are no better 3'oung men anj^where. " With the e.xception of the martial music there was little noise on the way to the depot. The uncertainty of the future had a depressing influence, and then the hearts of the multi- tude were overflowing with pride and sorrow and sympathy: pride in the glorious courage and patriotism displayed: sorrow in losing, even for a time, so many of our fine young men; sympathy for the wives, mothers, fathers, sisters and sweet- hearts of the brave soldier boj's who were going out to face unknown dangers. "At the depot an immense crowd had congregated. There could not have been less than 4,000 and possiblj' 5,000 people around the depot platform. The company marched upon the platform and filed into their coach, not without great difficulty, as the crush of friends trying to say a last good-bye broke the line in many places. Never before had such a demonstration been seen in Red Oak. There were no scenes of violent grief, but there were few eyes that did not show a suspicious moist- ure. The leading thought seemed to be: 'Our boys are not likely ever to be called upon to leave the country — and yet they may be sent to Cuba. ' The uncertainty had a sobering effect PROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 49 on the most thoughtless, and the people dispersed after the train pulled out at 8:20 o'clock with little heart for the cares of business. " ROSTER OF COMPANY M, APRIL 26, 1898. OFFICERS: Captain, Jesse W. Clark. 1st Lieutenant, Harrj' W. French. 2d Lieutenant, Guy E. Log-an. 1st Sergeant, John J. Shuey. Sergeant Chas. B. Rose. Sergeant Carl Austin. Sergeant Owen Hawkins. Sergeant Henry Nordquist. Corporal Ed Logan. Corporal Ed M. Rose. Corporal Will H. Hiett. Corporal Will J. Jeffers. Lance Corporal Resolve Palmer. Lance Corporal Harr3' Cook. Musician J. H. Kastman. Musician Ivan EUvood. Cook Ed Pitner. Cook Chas. Wheeler. PRIVATES. Arnold, C. E., Clarinda. Binns, Chas. L., N. Y. Blue, Lee. Bolish, Fred. Briggs, Guy. Byers, Mont. DeFrehn, Will. Evans, Evan J. Fisher, Jesse C. Gassner, Roy E. Gillmore, John X). Hallett, John. Hammond, Roy. Hockett, Adrian. Hysham, Verni. Ingram, F. Corj'don. Jenks, Chas. Jones, George. Kerrihard, Geo. M. Kerrihard, W. R. Lane, E. E. Logan, Jas. M. Lumb, Clarence. Lyon, J. F. Markej-, Jos. I. Martin, E. W., Clarinda. Merritt, E. A. Miller, M. S. Moulton, Morse, St. Louis. Murphy, Chas. H. so FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Nicoll, W. E. Stafford, C. A., Omaha. Pace, E. O. Stevens, Harry. Rathbone, R. D. Svvenson, H. L. Reichow, Paul. Thomas, Bert. Richards, Carl. Throw, Etna. Rogers, L. E. Throw, J. Frank. Ross, Lloj'd. Tyson, Otis. Ross, Will. Windsor, J. M. Smith, F. A. Wolfe, Frank. Smith, Harry. Zuber, Thos. REGIMENTAL OFFICERS. H. C. Lane, Reg-imental Commissary. E. J. Nixson, Sergeant Major. Russell M. Young-, Hospital Corps. Those who failed to pass the physical examination, or did not enlist for other reasons, were: Fred Bolish, Will DeFrehn, Carl Richards, H. L. Swenson, Chas. Jenks, Geo. M. Kerri- hard, Paul Reichow", Carl Austin, J. J. Shuej'. E. J. Nixson and Russell M. Young. J. H. Kastman also failed to pass the examination, but was re-examined and enlisted under Lieut. French, the recruiting officer at Red Oak. CHAPTER IV. AT CAMP MCKINLEY. THE State of Iowa was truly alive on the day its four reg'iments started for Des Moines for mobilization. Every town and village passed by the troop trains had its quota of cheering- people, all anxious to impress the soldiers with the fact of their patriotism. All this was an inspiration to the soldier, who felt that his sacrifice would be rewarded by the sympathy and interest of a grateful people. Des Moines was reached on the evening of April 26. The troop trains were taken immediately to the State fair grounds, which place was to be the camp of the whole Iowa National Guard. It was a splendid sig-ht, that first night in camp. Train after train unloaded its blue-coated passengers, good natured, cheering fellows all. War, at that stage, was to them the shadowy possibility of the future: the present scenes of military display a g-rand spectacle of which they were a part. The four regiments of the Iowa National Guard, the First, Second, Third and Fourth, went into quarters at the fair ground, using the horse and cattle barns for that purpose. Each company was assig-ned its barn, the stalls of which were filled with clean straw, making- fine bunks. The first mess in camp was taken at 8:30 in the evening, after whicl-i the boys congregated to speculate as to when orders would come for actual service. Not much sleep was taken by Companj' M the first night. The early part was given to an overflow of g-ood natured jokes, and then the straw was hardly as soft as mother's good beds. A few were already homesick, but next morning all were ready for mess and the day's -v\'ork. The camp was organ-tzed- April 27, and dignified with the title of Camp McKinley. Gen. James Itnsh I^incoln, Iowa's g-reat soldier, was placed in command. The routine of camp 52 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. duty commenced, and with it the trying ordeal of transform- ing- guardsmen into soldiers. The daily program was reveille at 6 a. m. ; sick call, 6:15; mess, 6:30; guard mount, 8; drill, 9; mess, 12; drill, 2:30 to 4:30; mess, 5:30; dress parade, 6:15; tattoo, 9; call to quarters, 9:45; taps, 10 o'clock. Regimental, company and squad drill were among the orders of the day, every man taking eagerly to every bit of military knowledge obtainable; in fact, even at night in the alleyway of the barns, improvised guard mounts and manual of arms were practiced. Brigade drills came during the afternoons under Gen. Lincoln. The four regiments were taken into the country and schooled in the actual performance of field operations. We had manj' such drills afterwards under various commanders, but none so impressive and instructive as those first ones under Gen. Lincoln. Ten days after our arrival at Camp McKinley the beating on the anvil of discipline showed its effect. From citizens to soldiers is a long and hard leap. The National Guardsmen, through their practice in armory drill and state camps, took more easil3f to the life, but the recruits had it all to learn and it was hard medicine. Company M had one of the largest companies, and, thanks to the efficienc3'of Captain Clark, per- haps the best drilled in the brigade. Guard mount was the ceremony that engrossed the attention of ever}' soldier. Everj' morjiing "orderly bucking "was tried in each compan}'. Guard details passed through a critical examination from the entire company. The men were groomed like candidates for lionors at a horse show. Company M received more than her share of honors in having her members selected as orderlies. We tliought the rations issued rather poor in our first month's experience, altliough it included a goodl}' amount of chicken, cake and other luxuries sent by kind mothers to their boys. We were in constant anticipation that the morrow of every day would send us on our road to the front. Rumors came thick and fast as to our destination and time of departure. Every newspaper was eag-erly scanned for news pertaining to army movements, but, alas, our patience was tried to its utmost bounds. Many of the boys got terribly homesick, .ilt'-iough ever_v day brought friends and relatives from home. Sunda}- was always a gala day, no drill and plentj' of visitors, and sometimes good grub. As the month of Maj' was waning, FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 53 so were our hopes of ever seeing- service. The war with Spain bade fair to have a speedy close, and it was thoug-ht that all the troops needed were already mobilized in the southern and western camps. The Guard, with its politics, was eng-rossing- the time and attention of the officers. So numerous were those whose patriotism led them to Des Moines to look for fat com- missions that it required some time to get down to a basis where the "pull" ended and actual business beg-an. In the juggle for commissions several companies received commanders unfit either as officers or gentlemen. One company of the Fifty-First was notable for this. The boys found they had drawn a blank before leaving- Des Moines, and afterwards, in time of actual service, they even found that they had a coward. It was with much pleasure the troops received the informa- tion the latter part of May that muster in would soon begin. Physical examinations under direction of reg-ular army officers was being conducted. So eager were the boys to pass the examinations that many amusing incidents can be recalled in this connection. The tall men thought themselves above the standard height and the little fellows reckoned themselves too short. Thin fellows, like Clarence Stafford and Morse Moulton, put themselves through a course of training to get up to weight. . On the morning of examination day they com- menced a diet of bananas with large quantities of water. Every hour they weighed in to see the amount of gain, and both were relieved as well as gratified to pass the examination. Maj' 30 (Decoration Day) the Fifty-First was mustered into the United States service. The occasion was a solemn and impressive one. It made one realize for the first time the importance of the obligation about to be taken with the government. Muster took place during the forenoon. Each company was lined up separately and the oath administered. Hundreds of spectators witnessed the ceremony. Amid breath- less silence the oath was given and responded to; involuntarily the crowd would break into a cheer as the company marched past for quarters. It was a proud day for the boys and one impossible to forget. Company M was fortunate in retaining her National Guard officers, and the company was at once reorganized after muster. Several of the boys failed to pass the physical examination, while others were somewhat disap- 54 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. pointed in not receiving commissions. This necessitated an appointment of several non-commissioned officers. Sergeant Owen Hawkins was advanced to the position of first sergeant, Serg-eant Charles Rose was made quarter-master sergeant, and Corporals Hiett and Ed Logan were advanced to ser- geants. Privates Tom Zuber and James Windsor were made corporals. An order was issued requiring the companies to recruit to regular army strength of 106 men. This removed all SEVEN PREACHERS' SONS— C.4MP MCKINEEV. doubts as to our leaving Camp McKinley and caused much good feeling. The Forty-Ninth and Fiftietli regiments were ordered to Chickamauga and Jacksonville respectivelj', and it was rumored that the Third, now the Fifty-First, would be ordered to San Francisco to mobilize for service in the Philippines. It was the dream of every soldier of the Fifty-First to seethe dis- tant islands and it was with the wildest demonstration that final orders were received to start for San Francisco. Officers and men were at once busy preparing for the trip west. Many FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. SS visitors arrived in camp to see their friends in the regiment and bid them adieu. Before leaving- Camp McKinley we secured as mascots two dog-s, "Bob Evans" and "Dewey," and they shared with us all the campaig-n life that followed. June 4 we received official orders to leave for San Francisco next day, June S. In view of our sudden departure it was necessary to leave withaut our recruits. Lieutenant French and Corydon Ing-ram were left for the purpose of recruiting the second battalion to its full strength and sending them to San Francisco for drill. The night of June 4 was a busy one in Camp McKinley. Every man was engaged in packing his effects and getting rid of as much unnecessarj' baggage as possible. The marning of the Sth opened with a fearful rain. Through its downpour we marched to our train of Pullman cars and took assigned places for the long journey across the continent. Our battalion, the second, Major John T. Hume commanding, was sent over the C, B. & Q. road, thus giving us tlie pleasant anticipation of seeing home once more. The First Battalion, under Major Duggan, was sent over the Rock Island road and the Third, commanded by Major Moore, went via the Northwestern. Lieutenant Lane, battalion adjutant of the Third Battalion, was kindly permitted to accompanj- us and acted as commissarj' officer of our train. We bade fare- well to Camp McKinley that morning. Often afterwards we thought of it in its fresh, spring beauty. It was truly a beau- tiful spot, though we failed then to appreciate its accommoda- tions. Afterwards its memory always brought pleasure. The Sunday of our passage across Iowa must have been a trying one on the ministers, as whole congregations were crowded around the various depots enroute. "All the world seemed to love a soldier. " The girls were especially enthusi- astic. They stormed the train, and in many cases the boys capitulated. Hat pins and other feminine adornments were among the trophies. Brass buttons were at a heavy premium, and hardtack, with the autograph of the giver on it, was much sought after. We arrived at Red Oak at 6:10 that evening. It seemed as if the whole town and surrounding country was at the depot to receive us. Never were we given such a hearty and enthusiastic reception. It was our actual friends we met and we knew their handshake and good wishes were from the heart. The citizens had arranged for the families and im- 56 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. mediate friends of the boys to receive them in the little park between the stations. In the rush and effort to be first to meet the boys all else was forgotten. The train was crowded at once and many tearful scenes of parting followed. The hour spent at home was all too short for the numerous farewells and many of our friends remained on the train until Pacific Junc- tion was reached. The cars were a sight after we had an opportunity to look around. Baskets were piled everywhere. The kind ladies of Red Oak forgot none. Some of us who had no famil3' ties in Red Oak were fairly deluged with food. We knew then, and afterwards had many reasons for being cer- tain, that Red Oak people are all heart. Our friends in other companies told us that they never expected to witness such feeling as was shown for us that Sunday at home. CHAPTER V. AT CAMP MERKITT. ,AMP MiCKKiTT, San Francisco, June 11, 18c\ as he had at home. He intjuired if the boys brought them witli them. Major Hume responded that he hardly thought the3' did. The Major slyly added that "these M boys would find a piano if they had a place to put it. " It is surprising how much tact and ing-enuity is shown in making- the tents comfortable in this desert of sanJ. Nearly all have gun racks, floors and tables, and each man has a place for extra clothes and other articles. (Jther companies lack these comforts, mostly from lack of ambition. Lieutenant French, since the removal of his moustache, looks ministerial. Several times he has been taken for the chaplain. The entire company is now smooth shaven with one exception. 68 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Chamberlain, of Clarinda, and we have hopes of converting- him. Lieutenant Log-an is a busy man these days. In addition to his duties in the company he has that of ordnance officer of the reg-iment. Today he issued g-uns, belts, cartridge boxes, canteens, haversacks, bayonets, scabbards, etc. The guns are mostly model 1873-'78 Springfields, and nearly all are old guns, re-blued and re-polished. It is a deplorable fact that GEN. MIT.LER AND STAFF ESCORTING THE FIFTY FIRST IOWA TO XaE S. S. PENNSYLVANIA FOR .MANILA. these gf-uns are out of date and in no way adequate to the demands of modern warfare. Tlie regulars are armed with the Krag-Jorgensen rifle, a repeating modern arm using the same ammunition as the Spanish Mauser, and having the same rang-e and penetration. The latest model Springfield, 1884, is bad enough, the accurate range being- about 1,000 3'ards, while the modern repeater is good for double the distance. The Fifty-First is now equipped with brown canvas uniforms. The}' are not stylish, but are the thing for service. The color, a lig-ht brown, resembling dead grass, maizes a difficult target. They are a little cool for this climate, but will be all right for Manila, if we ever get there. FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 69 A most unfortunate accident occurred in the South Daliota camp. We heard a shot and ran to the street, learning- that John Dale, Company A, South Dakota, while taking- a gun from a rack, was shot through the body. He is now in a seri- ous condition, with little hope of recovery. He was raised at Montezuma, Iowa, and sent for Ivan Elwood. He knew his cousin, Lester Elwood, in Red Oak. He was unconscious when Ivan reached his side, but rallied and spoke incoher- ently of Red Oak. The boys think he worked for J. M. King. It seems a mistake on the part of the war department to train troops in this climate and then send them to a place like Manila. The change will melt a man. The temperature of Camp Merritt during this month has been ver3' low. Jul3' 3 it was 52 at 3 p. m. Lloyd Ross and Don Rathbone are taking a series of pic- tures with the idea of obtaining photographic views of the principal episodes of the regiment, the whole to be put in album form on their return. Although this is Sunday we were sent for target practice to the government range this morning. Ed Logan made 23 out of a possible 25 at 200-yard range, Bond 22, Lj'on 22, Geo. Jones 22. At 300-yard range E. Dennis and Markey made 23 each out of 25. Cordy Ingram made a clean score of five goose eggs. CHAPTER YI. A CHAPTER OF DEATHS. /'Tnamp Merritt, July 21. — This has been a week of sorrows I ^-^ for the companj', and one feels in no mood to write the ^V events that have broug-ht this gloom upon us. We have lost two comrades and their death has been to us like that of members of a familj'. Our company partakes of that feel- ing. We feel a kind and brotherly interest in each other and these deaths liave left a vacancy in our ranks which others can not fill. The deaths were almost identical in their suddeness and causes. Monda3' evening at 10:30 we were g-rieved to learn that our comrade, J. E. Ritter, had died. Two weeks before he complained of pain in the hips and limbs. The case was at once reported to the hospital, where he was treated with apparent success. It was found that the trouble was in the stomach and bowels. He remained in the hospital several days, during which he became strong'er and was pronounced well enough to go on light duty. He remained in quarters until Friday preceding^ his death, when he was taken to the hospital, his troubles having returned in a more violent form. After careful examination the regimental doctors decided that an operation was necessar3' and he was removed to the French hospital. The operation developed the fact that the trouble was of long standing, being cancer of the stomach, which had slowly but surely eaten its way tlirough the digestive organs. The doctors gave no hope for his life. Shortly before he died he regained consciousness and realized his condition. With Christian fortitude he prepared for the end. His last words were greetings and kind remembrances to his companions and a request to be g-iven a soldier's burial. The funeral took place Tuesday afternoon. The body was followed to the cemetery by the Second battalion, led by the band. Chaplain Williams made a short and impressive talk. FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 71 His mess mates acted as pall-bearers. A squad tired a salute over the g-rave, and that beautiful bugle call, "taps," which in life betokens sleep, but for him sleep, rest and peace eternal, was sounded. He lies in the National cemetery, buried accord- ing to his wishes, among the heroes who have fallen in their country's cause. On our return from the funeral we learned of the serious condition of L. E. Rogers. He was taken ill in the evening of July 4, and for a week was treated in the regimental hospital, and, as far as we knew, was not thought to be in a dangerous condition. The disease, however, developed rapidly, and, on advice of the doctor and his nurse. Miss Weeks, he was taken to the Lane hospital, where Dr. Matthews and Dr. Macrae, in consultation with Dr. Rixford, one of the finest surgeons on the coast, concluded that an operation for appendicitis was necessary. Dr. Rixford operated Mondaj' night, July 11, and found the appendix entirely decayed. Captain Clark, who was present during the operation, was told that the case was very bad, and but little hope was entertained for recovery, advising that the relatives be informed at once. His brother at Minburn, Iowa, the old home, was wired, and started at once in hopes of seeing his brother before he died. He lingered in alternate consciousness until Thursday morning, when the company was rejoiced to hear that there was some possibility of his splendid constitution and great nerve force overcoming the disease. This hope was dispelled Friday afternoon. While we were drilling at the Presidio a messenger called Captain Clark to the hospital, where he found that death was before him. Prof. Rogers died at 2:30 p. m. W. E. NicoU was constantly at his side during his illness and was with him at his death. Prof. Rogers' brother arrived Saturday, and was overwhelmed with grief to learn that he was too late to say good-bye. Prof. Rogers needs no eulogy. His life in Red Oak was lived as a Christian. In the army we knew him as a soldier, a Christian and a gentleman, always ready to help his old pupils or any comrade with his kindly advice, his talents or his purse. He was kind, painstaking and brotherly always. Our rememberance of his life will be an example to us to follow and pattern by. While we deplore the fact that his death was not at home among relatives, we know that he has had every care that could be given — the best nursing and the best doctors 72 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. that could be found. The companj' sends condolences to his bereaved relatives and friends. The remains left this morning in charge of his brother. The company accompanied the remains to Oakland. Capt. Clark, Lieut. French and Lieut. Logan were constant in their atten- tions, one of them being in attendance all the time. JOHN E. RITTER. John E. Ritter was born in New York Cit3' August 26, 1868, and was thirty years old at the time of his death. His early life was spent in that city. His mother died when he was •JOHN E. RITTER. quite young and his father went west and settled at Durango, Mexico. John was brought west from a New York orphan asylum and later was adopted bj' a family living near Colleo-e Springs, Iowa. Here he was brought up amid the cheerful influence and kindness of the farmer's family. He was edu- cated at Amity college, graduating from that institution in the business department. He resided in Montgomery county about five years, being employed on farms near Stennett, where he won the confidence and respect of all who knew him. He was a member of the church of Latter Day Saints, and was an FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 73 active and earnest church worker, possessing unusual talents in that line. He had a married sister, Mrs. Smith, of Lamoni, Iowa, and another sister at Keolvuk. When Company M was called out he was among the first to offer his services to his country, but the company being to its full National Guard strength he was not enrolled until the company was recruited. He joined the company at San Francisco and at once won his way to the hearts of his comrades by his sterling, manly qualities. LUCIAN E. ROGERS. The following sketch of Private Rog'ers and the account of his funeral is taken from The Red Oak Express of July 22, 1898r Lucian Ernest Rogers was born at the family home near Minburn, Dallas county, Iowa, April 12, 1873, and died at Camp Merritt, San Francisco, Cal., July IS, 1898, of acute appendicitis, aged 25 years, 3 months and 3 daj's. The deceased's father, Daniel F. Rogers, was born in Graf- ton countj'. New Hampshire, and came of good New England stock, being the .son of N. P. Rogers, lawj'er, farmer, abol- itionist, and friend and co-worker with Phillips and Garrison, and co-editor of the Herald of Freedom until his death. Dan- iel F. Rogers came west and settled on a farm in LaSalle county, 111., in 1856, where he was married to Ruth Llewellj'n, a native of Pennsylvania. In 1868 they moved to Iowa, settling in Dallas county, and began their life work of making, out of a bare tract, a homestead that would always be a comfort and delight to themselves and family. Their beautiful country home, "the Larches," is the result of the united efforts of parents and children. Amid these surroundings eight children grew up, the deceased being the fourth son. Francis, of Adel, Alfred R., of Oelwein, and Arthur M., of Dana, are practicing physi- cians; Thomas L., the youngest son (aged 20), is still athome. Of the three daughters, Mary F. is a nature study instructor for the State of New York, Julia E. is teacher of biology and nature study in East Des Moines high school, and Gertrude is a student and teacher. All of these came home to help lay their soldier brother to rest. The subject of this sketch spent his early life on the farm and in the district school. Later he attended high school in a 74 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. neig-hboring: town. He afterwards taught a few terms in country schools and earned the means to go to the Agricultural college at Ames, Iowa. Here he showed a special aptitude for phj'sics and mathematics. He made strong friendships among students and faculty, and was prominent in the literary, social and athletic life of the college. He was a member of the col- lege foot ball team in 1894-5. At the end of his junior j'ear in 1896, he came to Red Oak to fill the position as teacher of sci- ence in the high school, a position he tilled most thoroughly for L. E. ROGERR. two years and he had been re-elected for another _vear, but had decided to further complete his education. During- his residence in Red (Jal< he made many warm friends both in and out of school. His interest in his work did not stop with training the intellects of his pupils. Having him- self a strong, vigorous body, he tried to help the boys to become stronger men. He was manager of the high school athletic association and trained the foot ball team, spending much of his own time at this work. His love of athletics led him to enlist in Company M, Third Regiment, Iowa National Guard, FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 75 and he drilled regularly with the company. When the first call came for troops, he quietly laid down his books, took up his musket and donned the blue uniform. After going- into camp at Des Moines he was given a furlough to enable him to complete his school work. When that was finished he rejoined his company in time to be mustered into the Fiftj'-First Iowa Infantry Volunteers and leave for Camp Merritt. He was not an enthusiast for war. He was not dazzled by the glitter of arms nor influenced by the sound of the trumpet and drum. He had no military ambition. But realizing the horrors of war, he believed he owed his services to his country, and he offered them as only a patriot does. He was just at the beginning of a most promising career. From his earliest youth his principal characteristics have been: Perfect truth, resolution and perseverance in the face of difficulties; high ideals of life and duty; unselfish love, cheerfulness, helpfulness; a quiet but keen sense of humor; love of the beautiful in personal character, in literature and in music; and above all, almost perfect control of himself. He was clean in habits, pure in thought, word and deed. He never was sick, being always strong and vigorous — in love with life and its activities. He found his pleasures along with his work; he rejoiced always. No great sorrow was ever his, and his death has left a void in the family circle composed of rarely beautiful characters. The funeral, which was held Thursday morning, July 21, at 10 o'clock, was in keeping with his simple, rugged character. It was at his home — out under the trees he loved so well. Mr. Moulton, of Corning, Mr. Little, of Perry, and Mr. Dunlap, of Adel, gave short talks; a friend sang two of the songs he loved and used to sing. There was no formality, no crape — just a simple, sweet service, and then they laid him down under the shadows of the trees in a shady corner he used to call his own — AT HOME — AT EEST — AT LAST. The death of Lucian E. Rogers caused much grief in Red Oak, where he made many friends while teaching in the high school. Memorial exercises were held in the Methodist church Sunday, July 17. The other churches dismissed for service and all participated in a union service. The church was beautifully decorated for the occasion. Judge Deemer pre- sided over the meeting. The high school chorus, a class of 76 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. young- ladies drilled by Mr. Rogers, led in singing the first hymn; Rev. DuBois, of the U. P. church, led in prayer, fol- lowed by Mr. Rogers' favorite hymn, "Lead Kindly Light," by the high school chorus. Rev. Smith, of the Congregational church, read the scripture lesson, after which Mrs. J. W. Manker sang a solo, "One Sweetly Solemn Thought. " Judge Deemer then introduced Miss Moulton, a fellow teacher during the past two years, as one well fitted to speak of the deceased. She spoke feelingly as follows: "For daj's we have been watching the approaching shadow of the outstretched wing of the dread death angel as he has hovered over that military camp so dear to us all on the shores of the western sea. Todaj' Red Oak is darkened and the hearts of all are saddened by the loss of one, loved and honored. This is true of every one here tonight, but to the members of the high school home, this loss is fraught with a deeper sig- nificance than others can know. We feel that these colors, the orange and black, that he loved and lived for, the stars and stripes that he died to honor, speak a more eloquent tribute than words. "The days of chivalry are not past. The style of armor alone is changed. It is a dull ej'e and unseeing heart that fails to recognize a knightly soul, though stripped of plume and lance. And so it came about that soon after Mr. Rogers came among us those who knew him best were wont to call him, half in jest but more in earnest. Sir Roger. And we gloried in his strength, tor it was true of him as of that knight of old — 'His strength was as the strength of ten, because his heart was pure.' That singular purity of life and purpose was one of his most striking characteristics. No one of us who has been in daily touch with him will ever hear Ruskin's 'Ethics of the Dust' mentioned vi'ithout thinking of Mr. Rogers. It was his favorite book. He often read at morning exercises from the chapter on 'Crj'stal Virtues.' He read of them in the morn- ing, and he lived them all the day. Thus he emphasized their beauty and taught the lesson of their power so effectively, that if all the other lessons he labored so faithfully to teach should be forgotten as the years go by, we will ever have reason to be thankful that he was sent to live among us. 'It is not ours to reason why he should have been called at the very beginning of life's conflict, but we know that he has FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 77 been 'mustered in ' in that Heavenly iiost and that he responded bravely when he heard his captain's call. "The hig-h school walls were too narrow to hold us as we assembled tonight to pay tribute to his memory, for vi'e are all here in spirit — the boys and girls whose young hearts have been inspired and strengthened by his teaching ; the young men and women who have worked side by side with him dur- ing the last two years, the boys in blue who call him comrade and who have depended on him to cheer and encourage as they waited patiently in that drearj' camp in the sand. And we would place most reverently upon this altar to his memory our sincerest love and honor. "Last winter we learned to repeat tog-ether a beautiful little poem of Tennyson's, and I feel sure that during those last dark daj's as he listened to the splashing of the waves, he sang over and over in his heart those words — " 'Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar. When I put out to sea. " 'But such a tide as moving seems asleep, Too full for sound and foam. When that which withdrew from out the boundless deep Turns again home. " 'Twilight and evening bell. And after that the dark! And may there be no sadness of farewell When I embark. " 'For tho' from out our bourne of time and place The flood may be.ir me far, I hope to meet my pilot, face to face, When I have crost the bar. ' " Mrs. J. W. Manker sang "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground," the audience joining in the chorus. Probably never before in Red Oak, at least since the civil war, has that popu- lar song been sung with the same fervor and feeling as was thrown into it Sunday night. I. S. Condit, late principal of 78 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. the Red Oak high school, under whose direction Mr. Rogers worked during his stay in this city, was at Corning when he heard of the proposed memorial exercises and came over on purpose to be in attendance. He was the next speaker. Mr. Condit said he felt the death of Mr. Rogers more as a personal loss than he had ever felt at the death of anyone else. For two years they had not only been co-workers but the closest friends also. He spoke of the sterling worth of the deceased, the purity of his character and thought, his steadfastness of pur- pose. "If there was one flaw in his character, it was that he was too conscientious. " He threw his whole strength and soul into the work, whether it was in school, at athletics, or any- thing else. Although a member of no church he joined heartily and sincerely into the morning exercises at the high school, reading the scriptures and joining in prayer. Supt. Chevalier spoke much on the same lines as those pre- ceding him. He could add little to their tribute to the memory of one whom he held in the highest esteem. During the course of his remarks Mr. Chevalier read the following letter from ex-State Superintendent Sabin, showing that Mr. Rogers came from a sturdy New England stock: "Des Moines, Iowa, July 16, 1898. "Mr. W. F. Chevalier, Red Oak, Iowa. "My Dear Chevalier: — I was greatly pained this morning to notice in the paper the death of Rogers. His sister brought him in to see me while he was in Des Moines and I took a great liking to him. It is a terrible blow to her, and a terrible blow to his folks. His grandfather was one of the smartest men that ever lived in New Hampshire. In the old anti-slavery days he was editor of the Herald of Freedom, and he could dip his pen in gall and write the most bitter things of any man that I most ever knew. I can just remember — my father was a great abolitionist, and he wanted to read the Herald of Free- dom, if he had to stop in the midst of his haying to do it. I am sorry for Miss Rogers; I am very sorry for her. "Yours very cordially, "Henry Sabin." Mr. Chevalier also read a set of resolutions which had been adopted by the school board. FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 79 VERNI R. HYSHAM. Camp Merriam, Aug-ust 21. — Verni Hysham died Saturday at 11 o'clock a. m. at St. Luke's hospital. I would like to tell you, at least in part, what this means to the company, but that is impossible. The shock, the grief, the feeling of loss for which there is no replacement, no consolation, grief incompara- ble, words fail to tell. Verni 's sickness was not of long standing. Only two weeks ago he was on dutj'; but it is possible even then he was feeling badly and only his natural pluck kept him from telling of the sickness that he was feeling. The case first started with sore throat, followed by a gathering in the head. Showing no improvement, he was taken to an ear specialist in the city who treated him with apparent success. In fact, he felt well for several days until attacked by rheumatism in the limbs. The orders are such that cases of this kind must be taken to the division hospital where better attention can be given. In this hospital he complained of feeling pains in the lungs. He was then under the care of Dr. Kirby Smith. Hy request of Capt. Clark, Drs. Matthews and Smith made a thorough examina- tion, their verdict being that fever would set in and make the case serious. It is no easy matter to remove a patient from the division hospital. The only way this can be done is to have the case discharged as cured. Capt. Clark took this means so as to remove him to St. Luke's hospital, where he received nursing and treatment. Capt. Clark and myself visited him Thursday evening. He was then resting easy and spoke of liking the place; also the nurse, who was very attentive. The doctors could give no definite opinion as to his real condition until Fri- day morning, when they agreed that his chances for life were very poor. Typhoid pneumonia had set in with great violence. Friday evening several of the boys were with him. He was conscious and knew that there was but little hope. His lungs congested rapidly and Saturday morning the end came. Every attention possible was given the case, doctors and nurses taking special care in his behalf. St. Luke's hospital makes a specialty of this class of diseases and for that reason he was taken there. The boys watched anxiously for every report from the hospital and when the final came it was 80 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. received with profound grief. Verni was a universal favorite in the companj-, and no soldier had as large an acquaintance as he in the regiment. Many of the companj' boys were child companions of Verni 's, then schoolmates, and at last soldiers together. Others of us have seen him at all times as the kind- est, best hearted and truest of comrades. His was a rare dis- position — replete with qualities that endear and hold one; his words and presence soothed and softened the arduous duties of our life, made light things that ordinarily are hard, heavy. VERNI H HYSHAM. tiring, and all in such a way as to leave no trace of personal concern. Characters like Verni 's bring brightness where shadows were. They over-ride the confines of prosaic militarj' existence; make the life one in which tired marches, bad food and careless housing are only daily episodes, to be forgotten in evenings spent together around our tents and camp fires, where his ever ready wit and joviality made pleasant gather- ings where sadness would have been. Seemingly he had taken to heart the advice of Judge Given, in his address at Dr. Hat- ton's reception to the company in Des Moines: "Thecompan- FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 81 ionship of a man who under all circumstances and discourag-e- ments (that are sure to meet the soldier) can be lig-ht-hearted, g-ood-natured and jovial, is a man whose influence can hardh- be estimated. " Such a man have we lost and in this great loss we realize that it is in no way comparable to that of his father and mother. He was their paragon, their center of ambition. The heart of this company g'oes out to them in a bond of sympathy and con- dolence. Death came to Verni, not in the g-lorious struggle of battle. That was denied him. But the sacrifice to us appears just as heroic. We will always hold him in our memorj' as a hero who gave his life in his country's cause. The remains of Verni R. Hvsham arrived in Red Oak Thurs- day morning, August 25. They were talien to the armorj', where the funeral occurred at five o'clock in the afternoon of the same day. This being the first funeral of a soldier in Red Oak during the present war, the friends and relatives of tlie soldier boj's made it a public affair. The armory was decor- ated with the national colors and the stage was draped in yellow and black, the high school colors. The floral offerings were handsome and elaborate. One piece, a beautiful "Gates Ajar," on which appeared the name "V. Hysham, Company M," was sent by his comrades in camp. The mothers of the soldier boys jiresented a beautiful floral flag, the stars of white tuberoses in a ground of blue immortelles, the stripes being made of red and white carnations. The services were beautifully impressive. The hig-h school chorus, composed of young' ladies dressed in white, sang an appropriate song, the words composed by Miss Melick, his teacher. Rev. Moulton, of Corning, delivered a most appro- priate sermon, being assisted in the services by Rev. Smith, of the Congregational church. Garfield Post, G. A. R., attended in a body. The pall bearers were former members of Company M: J. J. Shuey, E. J. Nix.son, E. M. Woodard, A. G. Hulett, Bert Rose and Paul Reichow. Verni Russell Hysham was born on a farm in Grant town- ship eighteen years ago the 30th of July. His parents shortly afterward moved to Red Oak, where he spent the balance of his short life previous to his enlistment in the Fifty-First Iowa. He attended school in Red Oak and was a member of the high school. Always robust and active, he took great interest in 82 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. high school athletics, being a member of the athletic associa- tion and the high school foot ball team. When war was declared he endeavored to enlist but being under eighteen years of age it was with difficulty he secured the consent of his parents, and the required consent was given only the night before Company M left for Des Moines. In camp Verni was recognized as one of the lightest hearted boys in the company, always up to some innocent diversion. He was a good soldier and when the company was mustered in he was made wagoner. His death was a sad blow to his comrades as well as to his parents, whose only child he was. ELLEKY E. MILLS. An epidemic of measles started in our camp shortly after moving to the Presidio. Several of Compan}' M members were taken down, but Ellery E. Mills was less fortunate. At first his case of simple measles improved and every daj' his com- rades hoped to hear of his convalescence. The measles, how- ever, was joined with the dread pneumonia. He lingered only a few days after the complication set in. September 14 the company received the sad news of his death. Ellery E. Mills was born in Cass county, Iowa, September 24, 1874. His parents, Solomon B. and Francina Mills, were natives of Indiana, from which state they came to Iowa. Ellery E. Mills was the only son of the family, his sister, Eulald M. Mills, surviving him. His life was spent on the home farm attending the district school. Later he entered the Atlantic normal and business college, remaining^ in that insti- tution for three years. He was a great favorite with his class- mates and teachers. His disposition was quiet and habits regular. When quite young- he joined the Methodist Episcopal church and was constant in the work of its teachings, even in the army where so many leave behind the lessons of early training. When the Fifty-First Iowa volunteers were being recruited, Ellery Mills, in compiiny with several other Atlantic boys, came to Red Oak and enlisted under Lieutenant French. He was mustered into the service June 14 and assigned to Com- pany M, and joined the company at San Francisco. Camp Merritt and its sand and unsanitary conditions was responsi- ble for the death of manj' soldiers, and it is probable that there Eller3' Mills contracted the germs of fever, which afterwards FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 83 resulted in his death at the Presidio. He made many friends while in the army and no enemies. He was always lcjrts return for our use. Their arrival is anxiously awaited, as the question will then be settled, thus relieving- our own impatience, and at the same time relieve the doubt and uncer- tainty of the folks at home. Most of the boj's want to go to Manila. The experience of the trip would be a splendid one and well worth many hardships. The Fiftj'-First Reg-iment was certainly one of the best sent 106 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. out from our state. So far as we know, unlike the others, the war department has not been daily importuned to muster us out, nor the governor asked to assist in bettering- our condition. This regiment has asked but few favors of anyone, and now that tliere is a chance the boys want to go to the front, believ- ing that we deserve that honor for non-complaint and soldierly conduct. Iowa's victory in the recent shoot caused the Seventh Cali- fornia Regiment and the Twenty-Third Regulars to entertain some jealousy, which resulted in a challenge for another shoot. The challenge was accepted and the shoot was held on the government range. Splendid scores were made by all. The shoot created much interest and the Fifty-First was excused from morning drill to witness it. Each regiment was well rep- resented by a crowd of friends as spectators. The Iowa team again demonstrated its ability to defeat the entire Presidio. The score stood: Iowa, S93; Twenty-Third Regulars, 574; Seventh California, 567; Tennessee, 492; Kansas, 491, out of a possible 750. Tlie regulars used Krag-Jorgensens, while all the volunteer.s used Springfields. The regulars took their heating with good grace, but the Seventh Californians, who have talked much of their powers, were a wee bit sore. So much has been said about armj' rations that I give below a table taken from Lieutenant Lane's commissary reports, a careful consideration of which will convince anyone that the kicks of the "tired patriot" class are unfounded. The rations for 100 men for one day is as follows; Fresh beef, 87'/i pounds; bacon, 22)^ pounds; ilour, 112 pounds; onions, 10 pounds; toma- toes. Scans; roasted coffee, 8 pounds; sugar, IS pounds; baking powder, 4 pounds; vinegar, 1 gallon; salt, 4 pounds; pepper, X pound. This food ration is amply sufficient to sustain anj' hard-working man, being S-j pounds of solid food matter a man each da3'. If the company' cooks use reasonable manage- ment the unused items which accumulate will amount to quite a sum in the course of a month. The accumulations can be sold and the money used in providing a variety of food, such as fruit, green vegetables, oat meal, etc. The government is not responsible fnr food after being issued to the companies. If their cooks waste it the remedj' is in calling the attention of the officers to it and getting a change of cooks. Lieutenant Lane has charge of the regiment cominissary department, FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 107 and dischargees the duties in a thorough manner. He has a practical knowledge of tlie provision business and sees that no food is received in his department that is not up to the sched- uled requirement. A petition, signed by three-fourths of the officers of the regi- ment, was presented to Col. Loper, asking him to retain Dr. Donald Macrae in precedence over Dr. Fairchild in the hospital staff. Dr. Macrae was ranking lieutenant at Des M(jines and no reason can be given why he should be unjustly supplanted by Lieutenant Fairchild. Lieutenant Macrae is ver3' popular with the officers and men of the regiment. They appreciate his ability and are grateful for his untiring services among the sick. It looks as if an injustice has been done. The "pull" is surely being worked. Camp Merri.\m, October IS, 1898. — At last we are able to express a definite opinion that we vi'ill go to Manila and that very soon, perhaps in the next ten days. Our hopes are that the experience gained from other expeditions will teach the government the necessit}' of better care for the troops, with less crowding. Twenty per cent of the bunks are being removed. This will somewhat better matters in the waj' of rest and sleep. We are not looking on tlie trip witli much anticipation of pleasure. All expect it will be very hard on us, as we are entirelj' unused to the ocean. An3'wa_v thirty days of rocking on the South Pacific will not partake of the pleasures of a continuous holiday. Dry land on the other side will no doubt be a welcome sight, be it even the "home of full grown mosquitoes and the busy flea. " Orders were issued last Monday to the regimental surgeons to examine and furlough all soldiers who have been reported on the sick books with fevers, etc., also others who complained of any physical weakness and desired to be examined, with a view of receiving their discharge before sailing-. Quite a number lined up, manj' of whom reallj- are not in shape to make the trip. They will be examined during the week and go home on thirty day furloughs. Not to be considered with these worthy cases were many others who have a trouble that can be cured by the use of felt boots, they being- an excellent remedy for cold feet. This class will be elected to remain in service. 108 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. J. S. Cook arrived on the overland train Tuesday evening-. He found Harry a very sick boy, but we are most happy to say today that he is considered almost past the danger point. The last two days he has changed for the better; his temperature has been reduced and he has had two good nights' rest. At the hospital today they give every hope for his recovey. Mr. Cook is enthusiastic in his praise of the treatment Harry is receiving. It could not be better if he were at home. Harry will not be able to go with the boys. This is too bad, as he was very anxious for the trip. Camp Mekriam, October 21, 1898. — Camp Merriani will soon be a thing of the past. In two weeks all the volunteers will have left excepting the Eighth California regiment doing garrison duty at the fortifications on each side of the Golden Gate. The only regulars left will be the Fourth United States cavalr}'. Visitors will soon seek another mecca for their entertaiment. The scenes of military life and action will assume tljeir former quietness. San Francisco vs-ill miss the soldiers from a financial and social standpoint, and many soldiers will miss their fair visitors and the many kindnesses received. Not a few of the braves will go awav heavy hearted, the result of summer love affairs. For them the band will play on our departure, "The Girl I Left Behind Me," a symphony best suited to the sentiment of the occasion. Troops have been going out all this week. They march b}' our camp on their way to the wharf. An inspiring sight the_v make, these strong, intelligent young fellows, going to a distant countr\' read3' to face any danger. Not one shows a sign of fear. Blessed is the country whose cause such men espouse. They look and are fig-hters, worthy of any foemen's steel. As each detachment passes, the camp cheers them lustily. This is their "Bon Voyage'" The Twentieth Kansas, of our brigade, will sail next Tues- day or Wednesday, and we are to follow next. No boat has been definitely assigned to us. The papers say we will take the Pennsylvania, now being repaired in dr\- dock. She made the return trip from Manila in thirty days. This ship carried 1,350 men on her last voyage. If the Fifty-First are to take her she will only have 1,000 men on board, that being the strength of this regiment, counting out deaths, discharges FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 109 and furloug-hs. The plans are to have the Tennessee g-o last on two smaller boats. With them will g-o Gen. Miller and staff. The plans may be changed at an}' time. New tents have been received by the quartermaster's department. They are to replace our old tents recently con- demned. The new tents are regulation size, 9x9 feet, good heav3' canvas, each one furnished with a fly as additional protection ag-ainst rain. They will not be used until we get on the other side. Our clothing for the troops will not be issued until we g-et on the ship. We have seen some worn. They have a very jaunty appearance. SOLDIERS WIN AT FOOT BALL. The golden banner of victory floats over .the Iowa camp today. The whole camp is in an uproar of enthusiasm. Cheer after cheer goes up in every company street. And all this because of Iowa's victory over the hitherto unbeaten Stanford Universit.y foot ball team by a score of 6 to 0. One has to be here to fully understand what this means to all concerned. California people, ever enthusiastic, are doubly so when it comes to their pet university teams, Berkelej' and Stanford. The downfall of their pride came yesterdav-. Our team, after about ten da\'s' practice, matched a game with Stanford. Col. Loper kindl}' gave the regiment a holiday, excusing all but the guard. The boys, 800 strong, accom- panied by the Colonel and his staff, also the band, went on a special train to the scene of action. Our team has had but little training, only on signal plays, etc. Stanford put in their strongest team, but failed to make material gains on Iowa's sturd3' line. Each trick pla}' they attempted was blocked b}' splendid tackles. Our team is mostly men who have won distinction on Iowa college teams. Every man on the team worked his very best and every one deserves credit for fine individual plays. Stanford's team out-weighed ours, but that didn't count. The boys went through their line like rabbits through a hedge fence, making gains on every attempt. Stanford was simply demoralized by our fast pla3'. Our own "Pot" Palmer, as usual, was everywhere. It was he who made the touchdown. Stanford, it is said, will offer Potter an inducement to attend the university and play on their team on his return from the army. Tidrick, of M, also no FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. did splendid work. It was pleasant to see our old rivals from Council Bluffs (L company) lined up with our men, all fight- ing together. Captain Clark was coach for the team. Like everj'thing else he undertakes, he made a success. Sergeant Hiett acted as linesman. Berkeley has challenged us for a game, which will be played Wednesda3'. If we beat them, the coast schools will have to adopt army grub at their train- ing table and hard boards for men to sleep on. That is the kind of training our men have had. The San Francisco Clironicle of 3'esterday, October 20, has the following to sa3' of the game: "The Standford varsity' foot ball team this afternoon lined up against a better team than their own for the first time this season, and were defeated by a score of 6 to 0. The men who drubbed them were of the Fifty-First Iowa volunteers, and they made it so interesting for the college boys and took them so by surprise that the latter are tonight all wondering, from captain to full back, how it all happened. "From a spectacular point of view the game was the biggest athletic event that has ever taken place on the Stanford campus. Such enthusiasm has not been displayed there since the famous decision of the Government suit several years ago. But the enthusiasm was not Stanford enthusiasm; it was enthusiasm direct from Iowa, and it plainly showed that if the rank and file of this regiment can fight battles as well as they can back up a foot ball team, Uncle Sam has nothing to fear from that quarter. Col. Loper had granted his entire regiment a holiday, and they came down 800 strong. They had a special train, whicli was run up on the campus. For a mascot the3' had a goat which they kidnapped at South San Francisco on the way down and they paraded him around the gridiron as if he were tlieir best friend. Their band was on hand for every occasion, and its rendition of 'Hot Time in the Old Town' and others as familiar was the stimulus for many an outburst of spirit. But from the standpoint of foot ball the game was not so interesting. The college bo3's were clearly outpla3'ed at almost ever3' stage of the game. The latter pla3'ed as poor ball as they have been guilt3' of this season, while the soldiers pushed the pigskin about the field in a thoroughly admirable manner. Stanford's line was battered FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. Ill down time after time by 'guards back' and other plays, which were aimed principally at Biglow, center, and Blanchard, left g-uard. "The college men simply could not stand up against the onslaughts of their opponents. They were forced down the field for gain after gain, and did not get the ball a single time on downs. The Stanford team had the oval only four times during the day's play. "Iowa scored their only touchdown in a verj' neat play which necessitated a squabble over the rules for fifteen min- utes to decide whether the play was an offside, a touchback or a touchdown. Iowa's full back attempted a field goal on a place kick from the twentj'-five yard line, but missed, and Palmer got over the line and grabbed the ball before Stanford saw the pla3'. It was decided to be a touchdown. The Stan- ford team throughout was simply 'up against it. ' Murphy and Fisher were the only men who played brilliant ball. The star of the game for Iowa was Palmer. Fifteen hundred spectiitors witnessed the game, and when it was over the soldiers were given a rousing send-off as they boarded the train. The following was Iowa's line-up: Dutton, Company F, left end. Miller, Company E, left tackle. Tidrick, Company M, left guard. McCorkle, Company G, center. Van Dorn, Company C, right guard. Dailey, W., Company L, right tackle. Mather, B., Company A, right guard. Dailey R., Company L, quarter. Palmer, Companj' M, left half. Gaines, (Captain,) Company I, right half. Mather, J. E., Company L, full back. "Captain Clark acted as referee for the Fifty-First." M company has again been honored by being selected to represent the Fiftj'-First regiment in a competitive drill to be held at Mechanics Pavilion next Tuesday evening. The organizations competing will be a company from the Eighth California, First Tennessee, Twentieth Kansas and Iowa. The prize is a silver cup. We are working hard and will try -112 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. to win it for our lionor and ttiat of tlie regiment. Tlius j'ou see our company and regiment has quite a program outlined for tlie future — win the Berkeley game, win the cup, go 7,500 miles, help whip the insurgents, and then go back to dear old Red Oak, settle down and build up the town. We have received the welcome intelligence that tomorrow will be pay day, and it comes at the right time, for our finances were at the "ebb tide." Pay day is a big day in the army. That little $15.60 sort of gives a man dignity, mingled with good nature. A meek private soldier assumes the successful candidate pose. C.iMP Merriam, October 29, 1898.— The long period of uncertainty and doubt as to our disposition by the war de- partment is at last over. Yesterday we received official assign- ment to the transport Pennsylvania, and Thursdaj^ Nov. 3, is named as the day of our departure. The Pennsylvania is not a fast boat. Her last trip to the islands required 59 days. She is a large, roomy boat, and is rated as a safe, stanch, built craft, capable of carrying about 400 men more than her present quota of 1,000. This ship has been re- painted and rebunked throughout. Everything is being done to make her as snug as possible. M companj', being in the Second battalion, will have the advantage of being loaded midship, where the motion is less violent and the quarters altogether more pleasant. Lieutenant Guy Logan has received the appointment from Gen. Merriam as ordnance and commissary officer of the sliip. This position involves the honor of running the principal departments of the boat. He moved to the boat today with all his belongings. The bo3's have already endowed him with the title of "commodore." They quiz him with such questions as "vvlien do j'ou give her atrial trip?" etc. We will most likely go aboard Wediiesdaj' afternoon, and as custo;nar3', pull out into the stream and remain until high tide Thursday morning. Our last glimpse of our old camp as we pass through the Golden Gate will recall sad memories — thoughts of those dear comrades, whose death we will ever lament. We will experience inexpressible feelings of sadness also, on taking the last view, for many months, of our native land. These green hills made beautiful by the first touch of FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 113 California's tropical winter, have been to us as home for five months. These hospitable people have been more than kind to us. Their patriotism has been of the sort that shows itself In a practical manner by their g-enerous treatment of sick and well. Their tfreeting-s at our departure must take the pUice of those dear ones at home, whose presence is impossible. We hope our friends will always hold our benefiictors in as kindly remembrance as we shall. The first land out will be the Hawaiian islands. We will reach them in about ten days and will have a rest at Honolulu for t vo days. We will no doubt enjo^' the city and the beauty of chose islands. The people were at first very friendlj' to soldiers, showing them ever}' courtes}'. The New York bo3's, however, have spoiled all that by their ungentlemanly conduct- We will have a chance there to mail letters, giving- an account of our experience on the voyage. True to her previous record of winning- ever}' event entered, the g )od Fifty-First, through its representative, M company, won the competitive drill at Mechanics Pavilion Tuesday evening, also the Shreve silver loving cup, emblematic of the championship of the Presidio. The Eig-hth California and Twentieth Kansas were both entered, but declined the issue, it is said lacking- heart to compete with F company, of Nash- ville, Tenn., the winners of all prize drills in the south for the last few years. M company and Captain Clark, however, lowered the colors of the proud southerners. The drill pro- grram was arrang-ed by three regular officers who acted as judges. The prog-ram was not known to the companies until twenty minutes before the drill. Company F drilled first, and with few exceptions put up a very good drill. The spectators, about 5,000, were of the opinion that the}- could not be beaten. Company M, in the meantime, was locked in a room to prevent them from getting a line on the scheduled events. When M entered the ajiplause commenced. It was plain that we had them whipped on appearance to start with, and as the drill proceeded it g-rew plainer that we were winners. For thirty minutes the company went through all manner of military movements in a manner almost perfection. Every line was per- fect; every "order arms" sounded as one g-un. Our markings were 98 4-5 per cent out of 100 and that from regular officers, always willing to look lightly on the efforts of volunteers. SHRf<:VE SII.VKIt cw X HV AN rHAN^IS '(.'Ml'ANV iM IN CdMPKTITION DRILL FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 115 The Tennessee captain in congratulating' Captain CI ark said: "Captain, you have beaten me farther than I could throw a stone." The entire regiment were nearly as pleased as we were ourselves. The cup is solid silver, beautifully finished and engraved. It will be sent home and placed on exhibition in Major Evans' window. Harry Cook is so far recovered that he was sitting up yes- terday. He will return home with his father as soon as he is able to travel. Roy Hammond and others of the regiment who have been examined for discharges, will go to Angel island Monday, attached to the battery until their cases are settled. The Fifty-First Iowa has won her share of honors while in camp at San Francisco, whether it be at marksmanship, drill, foot ball or in society, and our foot ball team fittingly closed the chapter by playing the University of California eleven, the champions of the Pacific coast, to a standstill on their grounds at Berkeley Monday, October 31, just three days before we were to sail. Twelve hundred soldier boys were present to witness the game and "root" for the Iowa team. Nor were the "rooters" disappointed; our boys plaj'ed a fast and furious game but were not equal to defeating the trained collegians, who weighed twelve pounds to the man more than our team. But if thej" could not win they made Berkeley put in her strong- est men and play their hardest. The San Francisco Chronicle said it was "the best foot ball game ever seen on Berkeley campus. " Neither side scored, though within the last ten sec- onds of play Gaines, captain for the Iowa team, got the ball and ran across the field for a touchdown when Berkeley had the ball within touching distance of the Iowa goal. At first it was announced that the score stood 6 to in favor of Iowa, but later it was found that Gaines had been "off side" when he made his play and the game was decided a tie, to 0. CHAPTER VIII. BOUND FOR THE PHILIPPINES. H'NITED StATE.S Tk.\NSPOKT PeNNSYLVANI.-^., HONOLULU Harbor, Nov. 13, 1898. — Six months, as we lived it since our enlistment, seems like a long' time, especially so considering- that nearl}' everj' week of the period alternated with news, rumors and orders for most anything in and out of the service. Things were uncertain at all times. Even when our final assignment to the Pennsj'lvania came many of the bo3's thought it was no sure thing that we would not be recalled until our ship was well out of the Golden Gate. Thursday, November 3, at 10 a. m. we broke camp, folded our tents, piled all the lumber in the floors, etc., and fired all the accumulated rubbish. By 11 we were in heavj' marching order, lined up in front of headquarters for final inspection, after which we began the march to the pier, headed by our band, with Gen. Miller and officers in advance. The government pier was reached about 12:30 o'clock. The line of march was along one of the finest residence streets. Van Ness avenue. The people gave us an ovation equal to that on our arrival in the city on June 10. On the pier were assembled fully 10,000 people, and for the most part friends of the boys who were giving their last farewell and best wishes. The Fifty-First has made many friends in San Francisco among the best class of people, and the boys have done nothing that would abuse the good opinion of these most hospitable people. Of course every transport has a crowd to bid them "bon voyage," but as many remarked, our crowd was not composed of the idle curious, but of friends who really felt the kind words spoken on our departure. Our reception was second only to that of the First California regi- ment, when they left for the islands. The interval from 12:30 to 4 p. m. was spent in putting our equipments, clothes, etc., in our ship quarters, after which we FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 117 returned to the pier to sa}' adieu to our friends. Lieut. Log-an, as regimental ship commissar3', stood at the gang- planlc and admitted all civilians who desired to inspect the ship. We weighed anchor at 4 o'clock, the crowd cheering- and waving until we passed down the bay out of sight. Reaching the fortifications at Alcatraz island, also at Fort Point, salutes were fired, the ship answering by dipping the colors. Far over in the distant Presidio we caught a glimpse of our old camp and the hearts of 1,000 men were filled vv'ith memories of its joys, pleasures, hardships and sadness. We were glad to leave it, but for one moment these men would gladlj' have exchanged a berth on this strange tossing ship for the hard boards of our old camp. The evening was too misty to afford a good view of the Golden Gate from the sea, which is said to be beautiful when the hills are touched by the last rays of the setting sun. Passing over the bar or the shallow bank before deep water is reached, is the first experience in rougli water. As the ship goes out on one of these rollicking, frolicking sprees, she reminds one of an unbusted bronco, first standing on her prow, next on her stern, then, by way of diversion, she rolls over on her side. During these antics your stomach is responding to every motion until it tires out. The ship rises on a swell; you go down with it but your unfortunate stomach seems to stay where it was. It's awful! The first night out was only a starter. Next da}' seasickness was in full blast. Most of us will remember it as the most gloomy and disconsolate day of our lives. Nearly a thousand men were falling over each other in their efforts to reach the rail and "feed the fish." Mark Twain describes the feeling well: "At first you fear you are going to die; then you fear that perhaps you won't die. " Some writer has said, "War brings out what is in a man." Nothing could be truer than that expression as applied to the case of these soldiers. The minority that remained well can perhaps recall some of the doleful sayings of the boys, which would be amusing at this time. The third day out the weather continued very wind}', and, in consequence, a very heavy under-swell. The old ship rocked terribly at times. She side-rolled until her rail touched water. By this time, however, the boys were getting their "sea legs," and most all were reaching that condition of health when life 118 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. was worth living again. Saturday niglit came on very cloudy and the experienced tars predicted a storm from the northwest. The ship's course was changed so as to avoid it as much as possible. We struck the edge of it only, but that was enough to make a man wish that he was tied on his bunk Some of the boys were thrown to the floor in their sleep. Sunday came with its improved weather and smooth sea. It was hard to realize that it was Sunday, the day passing in this monotonous routine. Monday morning was bright and beautiful. In the evening we were treated to the sailor's good omen — a rainbow at night. Its appearance was hailed with much pleasure by all. It was far more beautiful than when seen by land. Where the end of the great arch touched the water, the waves were lit up with varied colored light for miles. The route we were on is taken only by government steamers. The result is that we were off the track of trading vessels and other craft, so during the entire trip we have sighted only one boat, and. that was Monday night, too far away to hail. The seamen said it must have been the Australia, a returning transport from Manila. The best day's run was made Tuesday. We covered 279 miles. The water was smooth and the wind astern, the most favorable conditions for good time. Wednesday evening the log showed us 375 miles out from Honolulu. We had reached the warm belt. Awnings were stretched over all the decks, as the sun was beating- down like in regular Iowa August weather. Many of the boys found it more comfortable to take their mat- tress and blanket and sleep on the upper decks. The nights down here are beautiful. The heavens studded with countless stars, they seem most brilliant at sea, the dark blue of the water making a somber foreground. Every night the boys assemble in groups and watch for the Dipper and North star. They are as links that connect the present with the past, recalling the man.v happy nights at home when we watched these same stars and the thought occurs that perhaps tonight as we look at them and think of home, those same dear ones may have their eyes on them with thoughts of us. Flj'ing fish are objects of much interest. The3' are very numerous in these warm waters. We see whole schools of thein on the wing. Contrary to supposition, they don't simply leap out of the water and incline back to it, but actuall_y fly like a bird, FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 119 sometimes as high as six feet from the water to a distance of fifty yards or so. Tlie other things of life we see are sea gulls. A flock of them have followed the ship from port out. The sea- men look upon them as friends and the3' are never molested. At night they roost on the top masts. A flock of sea ducks were in our wake for several days. They resemble our teal in size and appearance. Friday, November 10, was a day of anxious anticipation. We were nearing land and many eyes were strained in effort to catch the first glimpse. The watchers were rewarded for their vigilance about 3 o'clock. We thought of course that it was Honolulu, but the ship officers informed us that it was only a chain of uninhabited rocks and not on the map. About 5:30 o'clock, through the dim mist of the horizon, we perceived a dark outline of inountain peaks. This was our long-looked- for islands. As we neared them the sun was setting. The whole coast line was shown in relief against a bank of clouds which seemed on fire with light flooding the hills with their reflection until the whole island took the appearance of some grand spectacular scene of the inferno. We were too late to make port that night, the port being closed after 7 o'clock, so the ship was sent along under half speed in the outer harbor looking for safe anchorage, and here we came very near to an accident tliat might have sunk the ship and caused the loss of many lives. Honolulu harbor is an open harbor having a long sea front. The channel is only 300 j'ards wide, a stretch of coral reef three miles l'AN Fernando, Pampanga Province, P. I., May 9, ^^C 1899. — After the hardest and most exhaustive campaign ^K. ) ever made in these islands, General McArthur's division is resting-. That is, getting as much rest as men can whose body and mind have been taxed to the utmost limit of human indurance. To these broken and worn men a backward glance at the work of the last few days, seems almost like a night- mare. At Calumpit the opinion was universal that the insur- gent army had received its coup-de-grace. This opinion was strengthened by the arrival of commissioners from General Luna, whose mission was to ask terms of surrender. This was taken in good faith as a surety that the enemy realized the folly of further fight and were willing to accept a merciful set- tlement from our government. It developed, however, that the move was onl3' a h3'pocritical farce to gain time. In this they were successful, but in the end it did them little good. In the three daj's' armistice following the fall of Calumpit and Apalit, the enemy took advantage of the respite to fortify the towns of San Tomas and San Fernando. The position of these towns, they fig-ured, rendered them safe from invasion. It is ten miles from Apalit to San Tomas by the Daguapan railroad, and several miles farther by the wagon road, which winds through the lowlands and makes the only dry passage through the swamps that surround San Tomas on three sides. The railroad they rendered useless by dropping spans from the bridges into the rivers and tearing up a great portion of the track. The wagon road was treated in a similar manner. With these roads destroyed they thought the only means of transit across the almost impassable swamps was cut off. They reckoned nature's barriers and those they built on the higher ground to be sufficient to discourage our army in its FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 231 northward march, or at least force it into the morass while the natives circled on the higher ground and made pottage of "Americanos." In planning this one-sided victory they esti- mated the swamps impassable because they alwaj's blocked their former foe, the Spaniards. That evening, those who could, drearily skulked towards San Fernando, repeating to themselves the philosophy learned in past meetings — "Ameri- cano soldado mucho malo; inucho boom, boom." We crossed that swamp, we waded their rivers, stormed their trenches and landed in their capital city, San Fernando. In mv last letter, written from Calumpit, I spoke of our expected departure to join Gen. Lawton's forces which were thought to be some ten miles to our right near the foot hills, advancing into a position back of the enemy. Gen. Lawton left the railroad with some 6,000 men about the same time we M.^P SHOWING ADVANCE TIN SAN FERNANDO, left Malolos. Since then his movements have been the mystery of the campaign and the whole topic of conversation among the troops. Speculate is all we could do, as no one had the least information as to his movements. The morning of May 2, South Dakota, the Fifty-First and three guns of the Utah bat- tery headed by one troop of the Fourth cavalry, left Calumpit presumably to join our line to the left of Lawton's. We stopped and waded the Rio Grande river, then resumed our clothes and started the march, the cavalry acting- as advance guard with the Fifty-First next in columns of fours. In this way we marched without interruption some nine miles which brought us to the outskirts of the village of Pulilan. A halt was ordered during which we could hear firing on our front. The Fiftj'-First went into line of skirmishers and advanced 232 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. through the village and the surrounding- thicket. A few scur- rying- insurgents were sighted and a slight skirmish followed in which a Lieutenant Colonel and a dozen insurgent soldiers were added to the death list. After waiting the balance of the day for orders, we finally went into camp for the night. The pleasantest reflections of that camp is the memory of a fine heifer calf which gave up her young life to supply veal for Company M's men, however, without her own or her own- er's consent. We spent that night trying to make a cheap government poncho keep out a deluge of rain, which they didn't. Next SWAMP AT SAN TOMAS. SQUAD OF CO. M ON THE LEFT. morning, sore and cramped, we marched at nearly double time back to the Rio Grande river, recrossed, passed through Calumpit and three miles up the track to Apalit. Bad temp- ered, tired men cursed army management which run a man up the hill, then down again without telling him the reason for it or accomplishing anything bj' it. We spent the night in a house, lately the home of some patriot. Apalit is a rich and prosperous villa. Many rich sugar planters resided there, and in consequence there are many fine homes. Gen. Luna, of FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 233 the insurg-ent army, also lived there, and his house, splen- didly furnished, was deserted. A g-uard was placed over it to insure its protection. Major Moore's battalion (the third) was sent to the Calumpit bridge to relieve the Nebraskas who were g'uarding- it. The morning- of May 4th Hale's brigade had reveille at 3 o'clock and at 4:30 were ready tor the road. The Fifty-First again led the brigade, with Company M acting as advance guard some three hundred yards in front. In advance guard a company is divided into four sections. One squad acts as the front or point, some two hundred yards ahead, with squads to the right and left, the main portion of the company acting- as reserve. Wheaton's brigade started their advance up the railroad track at the same time Hale's started up the dirt road. Our march was made for six miles without the least sign of black men. On nearing the swamp country our scouts reported natives ahead. Our company was ordered to advance as skirmishers on the left of the road, our orders being not to fire unless fired on. Shortlj' after deplojnng and while moving cautiously through a wet cane field, we came directlj' upon a large body of insurgent soldiers quietl.y moving down the road in column of fours. They were within four hundred yards range, with no possible chance of cover. In some manner we managed to obey orders and withheld our fire. Afterwards we regretted it, for this same band of soldiers made us a world of trouble. Captain Clark reported the enemy to General Hale who was not in position to see them. Orders were given to deploj' the battalions of the Fiftj'-First, and while they were executing- the move the Utah battery was brought up and ad- vanced with our line. Our advance soon took us to the swamp. In the meantime the battery on the road suddenly halted, and for good reason. The part}' we sighted had just finished what they thought a ver_v fine piece of engineering. The road was mined for a hundred yards, great round holes having been dug all along, from the bottoms of which protruded sharp pointed bamboo poles. A covering of palm matting, then a dressing of dirt, well tramped down, left the road an inviting but danger- ous passage. An artillery officer, marching ahead of his battery, stopped and broke into a fit of laughter the moment his feet struck it. He said afterwards he was amused at the nerve of men to think that a Missouri mule could be made to 234 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. start o?er such a pitfall. Every forward step we took in that swamp we seemed to sink in further. While thinking of this the enemj' opened fire on our line. We couldn't answer the fire for the reason that we were armed with flintlocks that wouldn't half reach their line. They knew this, for away ahead on a narrow strip of high ground we could see their skirmish line boldly standing up, giving us thunder. Half civilized people, armed with a modern, longrangegun — soldiers of a great nation required to march through fire in order to get a shot at them. Rather a sad commentary on our war system. The Utah guns unlimbered and went into action. Their shell passed over our heads with an awful sweep and swirl which ended in the enemy's lines. A short second of quiet and then they burst, we wonder with what result. A swamp is repulsive to even think of, and more so to move in. This one was a muck of foul mud mixed with decaj'ed vegetation. Its tangled, rotten dirt and grass would hold and pull at one's legs until it seemed almost impossible to go a step forward. Added to its discomforts was the terrible sun overhead. We literally broiled. The only thing that saved us from utter exhaustion was the crossing of frequent water holes. Here we could get down to our necks and get some relief. Even in that most discouraging position the boys never gave up to dispair or lost their good nature. Down on the road that morning it was very slippery and one fellow was constantly kicking because he didn't get his shoes hob-nailed. In this swamp, up to the waist in mud, one fellow shouted down the line, "Wonder if Bill's hob-nails would do him any good here?" Other fellows were joking about bullets splash- ing mud on them. We finally got in range and went to firing. That was a relief. For two hours the Iowa battalions fought that line. Our canteens were empty and we had to resort to swamp water, which only increased our thirst. We had one pause and that was when our ammunition ran out. A supply was brought up from the pack train and we made another advance crossing a stream some fiftj' yards wide. While in this stream we were terriblj' peppered with bullets. They seemed to have measured each range, at least the}' had our location down fine. The Utah guns unable to get over the mined road, couldn't advance but they gave them plenty of grief from their position at the swamp's edge. Three Hotch- FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 235 kiss field pieces and one rapid fire were in constant use and I can say trutlifully, nothing- ever sounded better tlian did that awful din of exploding- shells. Gen. Luna, in person, was directing- the insurgents. It might have been his presence or their desperation, but it is certain that the insurgents made the longest stand and the best fight thej' ever made on the islands. To us it seemed as if it would last forever. Twice we were nearly out of ammunition, yet they stayed and gave us shot for shot. Over on our left, two miles away, Wheaton's brigade came up and engaged them on a partial flanl<. We UTAH AKTILLEEtY IN A'-;T10N, APALIT. could see the burning- huts, started from his shells. A mile back of us Nebraska waited as a leserve. At the moment most useful tliey were ordered to deploy around the edge of tlie swamp on our right flank. This thej' did. Soon we had three lines from as many directions advancing on the enemy's trenches. They had to vamoose then and at the same time we ceased our fire for fear of hitting our own troops. The sound of firing died down like the light of a summer day and at last was stilled entirelj'. Through those long hours of battle we watched that swamp 236 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. road, hig-h and dry, reflecting- the awful heat. Not a few won- dered if they would be spared to set foot on its dry surface again. At last we were upon it, we thought to rest, but an order came for Company M to skirmish a strip of high grass that had not yet been searched. We took to the swamp again and soon ran out a number of insurgents. The grass was hig-h and very thick. We advanced with cocked rifles and in man}' cases ran upon insurgents kneeling, with their Mausers pointed at our faces, in every instance they wilted when drawn on with a Springfield and begged for mercy. These prisotiers were sent to the rear in squads, their guns being- mostly rendered unfit for use and thrown into the mud. Through the grass we came to the bank of a large river where we were treated to a voile}' from some small trenches on the opposite shore. A few shots and we had them going through an open meadow where wing shooting was in order. Hale's brigade formed again and crossed the river on a bamboo pontoon bridge. While waiting our turn we had time to look over the field and note the result of the day's work. Chinese litter bearers of our hospital corps were carrying back the unfortunate wounded natives, while other Chinese were busy collecting the dead for burial. It matters not how badly wounded or how painful the wound, the Filipino never groans or shows the least sign of pain. Their fortitude is something remarkable. Sometimes they show distrust. Griffith, of our company, found a sharpshooter who had fallen from his perch in a tree. A Springfield bullet entered near his heel and came out near the knee; the wound was bleeding badly and Griffith, not being in call of the hospital corps, kindly tied his own first aid around the poor fellow's wounds. His back was hardly turned till the fellow had the bandage torn ofl:, evidently in fear of poisoned gauze. There were inan}' sights on that field which made a man sick to look on. In the heat of fight one sees the same thing with a kind of exultation, but in the evening when the glamour is past and the hush is on, one wonders if, after all, there can be such a thing as justice in deadly human conflict. South Dakota and Nebraska moved into the city of San Tomas, already occupied bj' Kansas and Montana, while we were permitted to rest in the woods after we were moved into some deserted houses in the outskirts for the night. At FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 237 10:30 that night we had some food, the first since tliat morning- at 3:30. We were so worn and tired that sleep was nearly im- possible, and most all spent the early part of the nig-ht in trying- to scrape mud from tattered clothes. In summing up the day's work, which the generals estimated to be the hardest done in this war, it was found that the Iowa battalions had but three men wounded. This seemed providential, as we were exposed to the fire for nearly two hours before the others came up. Nebraska, always unfortunate, had one man killed while in the reserve and two others on their advance, besides several wounded. Kansas and Montana fared about the same way. Colonel Funston, of the Kansans, being among the wounded. General McArthur, on hearing the report from the Fifty-First, said: "Wh3', those men must be bullet proof!" In all our engagements we have had but twenty-three men wounded, and none of these have since died. Fifteen of the number are in the second battalion, and five of them, including Fred Strong-, were in Company M. The morning of the 5th we had reveille at S o'clock. Our ammunition was reported on and found verj' short. The wagon train with supplies and ammunition was unable to reach us on account of the bridges being out, and the artillery was also left behind. We hoped this would give us rest, but about 8 o'clock we got "fall in," after which we left San Tomas tor the north, accompanied by a small Nebraska Hotchkiss gun, and after a march of two miles we found ourselves approaching San Fernando. It looked like suicide for onlj' two battalions to attempt the capture of such a place, but then there was our General Hale looking all confident, so we forgot our short supply of ammunition and trudged on. A wide detour was made and we crossed the San Tomas river by wading. A halt and reconnoiter and we found ourselves in the rear of the city, and advancing directly towards it. The insurgents, taken completely by surprise by this manoeuvre, were forced to leave the south side of the city, where they prepared to defend in strong trenches, and were thus forced to seek refuge in the un- protected open, where they are always disorganized and cowardly. It was simply a stampede. The enemy, devoid of all order, had only the instinct of flight. They scurried out in bunches, pairs and singly. From a cane field our boys gave them a regular old-fashioned Iowa rabbit hunt. Some were so 238 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. terrified that they threw away their guns and rushed into our lines as prisoners. Others took off their shirts and used them on their guns as flags of truce. At noon the proud Iowa boys passed into what was yesterday the Filipino capital, but is now a deserted city but for themselves. Still some Iowa editor will feel sore because we weren't all killed. San Fernando is a city of 20,000 to 25,000, sixty-five kilometers from Manila by rail. It is a rich and beautifully built town, located on a plateau, high and dry, with good climate and splendid water and surrounded by the best sugar country on the islands. We are, perhaps, the first Americans to walk its streets, and for many years the Spaniards have been unable to venture so far from home. As is customary, the niggers fired all the public building before leaving, among others a magnificent old cathedral, as subsantial, and I believe more picturesque in design of architecture, than any in Manila. A public hall, the scene of yesterday's meeting of the Filipino congress, was also in ruins. We took dinner in the court of a splendid private residence, the interior of which is finished in carved native wood, beautifull3' executed. After dinner we moved into quarters in the suburbs. Our house lias a fine piano, but otherwise the furniture has been removed. To show what efl^ect this campaigning has in the awful heat of the tropics, tlie Nebraska regiment is a good sample. The entire division moved here yesterday. Nebraska has onl}' 320 men out of 1,000 a short time ago. Of these, 173 were reported sick the morning of arrival here. Other regiments have fared about alike in proportion to the amount of service done. No one will ever know what the Nebraska men have suffered, and no eulogy will ever do justice to their service in this war. Some of their companions haven't a corporal's squad left on duty. Our regiment is also on the down hill run. It is only a question of how many daj's' service in this terrible day sun and niglit rain, to figure how long a regiment can stand it. Of Company M, nineteen are down. The wounded boys are doing well, also Harry Stevens is much better at Cavite. The railroad is out between here and Calumpit. The wagon train and artiliery will be here tomorrow. We have no knowledge of our future moves, but don't see how it will be possible, until the railroad is fixed to carry supplies to us. CHAPTER XV. IN CAMP AT SAN FERNANDO. FIRST Reserve Hospital, Manila, June 9. — Since my last letter from San Fernando, I was so unfortunate as to come in contact with a bullet, and in consequence I am now nursing a wounded leg. The month of May passed at San Fernando in a continual round of guard duty. The pes- tiferous natives almost surrounded the city and required a strong and vigilant guard. Our outpost was about a mile and a half from town, where an old sugar house made a most convenient place as shelter for the reserve, and was also used as a lookout station in the day time. A guard was always on watch in the gable of the roof where a small hole was cut in the thatch so that with a pair of field glasses the country for a mile in front was in view. The insurgents' trenches w'ere just four hundred yards in front of us, they taking- much enjoyment in occasional shots should a man expose himself. At meal time this was espec- ially troublesome. When we lined up for mess they were unkind enough to shoot and cause much spilling- of coffee and not a little bad lauguag'-e. We had a fortunate escape one evening while digging a trench for protection. Companies H and M were engaged in the vifork, about fifty men being exposed in broad daylight busy w-ith picks and shovels. The lookout in the eaves of the sugar house had instructions to keep a sharp eye on the natives and report any move they made. He was probably taking a nap, for without warning we received a volley from about a hundred guns. They had our range perfectly, the bullets striking- at our feet, between our legs and all around our heads. A scramble followed for our guns which were stacked some twenty- five yards to the rear. Each man glanced back on getting his arms, and every one seemed surprised to find no one hit. A hearty laugh 240 FROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. passed around, but no more dig-g-ing was done that day. The rainy season was just setting- in and outpost work was getting very disagreeable. On the afternoon of May 25, we were treated to a surprise. Company M was on outpost. The mail had just been received from the States and all except the lookouts on the different posts were enjoying news from home. A few suspicious moves were reported from our extreme left outpost and shortly a message from the South Dakota outpost on our left reported the enemy as about to make an advance. In- view of this all the outposts were reinforced. We were still busy with the mail when the top of a temporary shelter on outpost No. 6 was riddled with bullets and the next instant letters and papers were thrown to the wind and we were making tall steps for the trenches. Over in front of South Dakota a skirmish line of about five hundred insurgents were advancing steadily with all the nerve and presumption of intending to march right into San Fernando. An advance guard of about twenty men were thrown out in skirmish formation about 300 yards in front of the main body. Occasionally they halted to fire a few volleys and then advance. While this movement was being made the South Dakota reg- iment arrived from town in support of the outpost, and back across the rice field we could see the Fifty-First coming to our aid. Dakota opened fire on the advance at verj' short range and one volley completely wiped them out. This brought the main body to a halt. General Hale was on the line and ordered the South Dakotas to charge. Presently Captain Clark, with eighteen men, was ordered to try if possible to effect a flank fire on the enemy's line pending the arrival of our regiment. Captain Clark led us forward and to the right of the insurgents for perhaps two miles. We passed through a dense tangle of growth, bamboo and wild vines and in this thicket lost all sight of the enemy. In the meantime the South Dakota boys were advancing with a heavy fire. The Utah artillery was also in action far over to our left, and we began to feel the isolation of our position, over a mile ahead of our troops and only eighteen men. After skirting another thicket we found ourselves in South Dakota's fire and for the first time heard the spiteful crack of Krag-Joergensen bullets fired at long range. Our flank movement succeeded so far as to give us a PROM IOWA TO THE PHILIPPINES. 241 few shots, which had the effect of causing the insurgents to beat a retreat. Eight companies of the Fifty-First arrived in a short time and we took a "hil