. AN liDEX TO : Sewerage AND .'Vr-wiv*5';:i;.5%seb*vi(v BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF MtnrQ W. Sage 1891 JlxititQa^ (oUzL.)9.^ Cornell University Library TD 653.E57 An index to matter pertaining to sewerag iiiiiiii nil niiiiiiiiiiii iiiiill liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ■• 3 1924 004 128 355 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924004128355 SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL (AN INDEX.) AN INDEX TO MATTER PERTAINING TO Sewerage and ~ Sewage Disposal IN VOLUMES V— XVll (December 1881— June 1888) OF THE ENGINEERING & BUILDING RECORD iPrior to 1887, The ^unitary Engineer.') COMPILED BY 'Dana C. Barber, C. E. 1889. The Engineering & Building Record, New York. CORN El LI8F?ARY Entered, according to Act o£ Congress, in the year 1889, By The bngineering & Building Record, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. THE engineering & BUILDING RECORD PRESS, NEW YORK. PREFACE. FREQUENT references to the back volumes of The £?igineermg and Building Record, in order to answer applications to its editor for information therein con- tained regarding Sewerage and Sewage Disposal, has not only revealed its great extent and variety but has led to the belief that such a comprehensive record of the actual work of so many able engineers ' under so many different conditions, as well as the failures of others less able or less fortunate, would be of very great import- ance and value to all those who engage in similar work, or desire to learn from the experience of their prede- cessors both what to do and what to avoid, and to become familiar with the best practice of the day. To make this record readily available to all who may desire to consult it, is the purpose of this Index, which has been compiled with much labor and dis- criminating care. AN INDEX TO MATTER PERTAINING TO Sewerage and Sewage Disposal, CONTAINED IN The Engineering and Building Record, Vols. V-XVII. "ABC" process of sewage purification: See under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. ACIDS : effect of, on materials used in sewer construc- tion : Cincinnati : on limestone and poor brick ; (reference only). Vol. VII., 203. Glasgow : " pot ale," Vol. VII., 148. Kammerer, Dr., experiments by. Vol. VI., 399. ACTON, Eng. : purification works, description of : precipitation by magnetic ferrous carbon and compound sewage salts ; filtration of effluent through granulated magnetic spongy carbon and sand ; claims of superiority over lime process ; sludge pressed and ground up for manure, Vol. XVI., 438. ADAMS, Col. Julius W., C. E. : Combined system, preference for ; (notice of paper in N. J. State Board of Health Report), Vol. VII., 561. New York City : invited to make examination, with Rudolph Hering, of entire sewerage system, Vol. XVI., 270. AERATION OF SEWAGE : See under Purification of Sewage. AGITATORS, (in precipitation works) : See under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. AGRICULTURE; See under Utilization of Sewage. ALLEN, Charles, C. E. : paper by, before Am. See. C. E., discussing Frederic P. Stearns' paper on disposal of sewage in Massachusetts : history of English methods of purification; observations at Pullman, Vol. XVI., i8o. Plan for purification of sewage of Worcester, Vol. XV., 551 ; Vol. XVI., 121. ALLEYS : location of sewers in : See Back Streets. ALUMINA, (for precipitating sewage sludge) : See under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. AMSTERDAM (Holland) : Liernur system, extent of ; works for utilization to be constructed. Vol. X., 411. AMSTERDAM, N. Y. : Need of sewerage system, Vol. XL, 543. Notice of public meeting to agitate the question. Vol. XIIL, 87. ANALYSES OF SEWAGE: See Sewage; see also Streams, under Purification of Sewage. ANCIENT SEWERAGE : Bunzlau, (in Silesia), Germany : S3'stematic sewerage and irrigation works in middle of sixteenth century ; brief description ; two illustrations {maps), Vol. VIIL, 416. Roman sewers. Vol. XV., 179, 462. "'ANNELIZA' AND THE CESSPOOLS": (humor- ous description and mock defense), Vol. V., 320. ANSONIA, Conn. : plans by F. N. Owen under consid- eration : resume. Vol. X., 250. ARCHIMEDEAN EXTRACTORS : See under Venti- lation of Sewers. ASBURY PARK, N. J. : • Cesspools abandoned : kitchen slops removed immedi- ately in water-tight receptacles, Vol. VII., 194 ; Vol. VIII., 157. Sewerage works : brief description : separate system ; intermittent discharge into sea. Vol. VI., 103, 393. Defects admitted by the founder, Vol. VI., 390. Present satisfactory condition ; former nuisance from leaks in original wooden reservoir ; length of sewers and grade ; editorial comment on latter. Vol. VII., 371- ASSESSMENTS, sewer : Connecticut cities and towns, practice in. Vol. XIV., 105- Hamilton, Ont. : system recommended by the city engi- neer, Vol. VIII., 255. Keene, N. H.: proposed. Vol. VII., 103. New London, Conn., plan employed at, Vol. XVI., 490 ; litigation resulting from objection to : extracts from decision of the arbitrators. Vol. XVII., 264. Ohio, proposed law in, providing for construction of trunk sewers in cities of first class, by special tax ; comment ; (note), Vol. VII., 155. Pawtucket, R. I., practice in, Vol. XV., 578. Philadelphia property owners contest payment of, on ground of improper construction ; reason for bad work on Philadelphia sewers ; (editorial), Vol. VI., 262. Utica, N. v.: special case decided invalid by the court because of deviation in construction from ordinance authorizing contract. Vol. XV., 68 e. Washington (D. C): proposed plan. Vol. IX., 191. Whitlock, F. H., on : extracts from paper before Conn. Soc. C. E. and Surveyors ; practice in Connecticut cities and towns, Vol. XIV., 105. ATLANTA, Ga. : systematic system of sewerage called for by Board of Health, Vol. XII., 375 ; employment of E. W. Bowditch to prepare plans recommended, Vol. XVI., 493- ATLANTIC CITY (N. J.) : Report by E. W. Bowditch to National Board of Health, on sewage and sewage dis- posal at ; (abstract), Vol. VII., 267. Brief description of sewer construction ; pipe joints under water. Vol. XL, 504. ATLANTIC COAST RESORTS : See under Resorts. AUGSBURG, Bavaria: Pail system : utilization by evap- oration after treatment with sulphuric acid ; profits. Vol. VII., 394. AUGUSTA, Ga. : Sewerage system : Large expendi- ture contemplated, Vol. VI., in. Need of improvement ; foul condition of ; results of inspection, Vol. VIII. , 230. Condition and progress of construction during 1886, Vol. XVI., 520. AUSTIN, Tex.: need of sewerage : extract from Mayor's message, Vol. XII., 545. AYLESBURY, Eng. : Farm and garden produce grown by the use of guano manufactured from the town sewage : second annual show ; exhibit of fish swimming in the efflu- ent water ; (note). Vol. VI., 492. Claims of the Native Guano Co. concerning their work at. Vol. X., 576. BACK STREETS, sewers in ; advocated in editorial on " Cities of the Future," Vol. VIII. , 440. BAKER, Prof. Ira O.: paper on strength of cement mor- tar ; compressive tests, at Watertown Arsenal, of concrete blocks and brick piers ; German experiments on crushing strength of brick and brick work, Vol. XVII. , 323 ; errors in above. Vol. XVII., 366. BALL, Phineas, C. E. : disposal plans for Brockton, Mass.; irrigation, Vol. XV., 376. 10 BALTIMORE : Existing system of drainage, unsatisfactory condition of, Vol. v., 521 ; Vol. XV., 634. Latrobe, C. H., sewerage plans of, recommended for adoption by Committee of Councils; editorial com- ment, Vol. v., 451; review of report making above recommendation, Vol. VI., 127. Liernur system advocated for, by Dr. C. W. Chancellor; editorial criticism of his paper, Vol. VIII., 614; ex- planation of above editorial: not written by Colonel Waring as assumed by Dr. Chancellor, Vol. IX., 135. Privy pit system : hundreds in the cellars of houses; (ref- erence only). Vol. XIII., 471. Sewerage system recommended by the Mayor : quota- tion from annual message, Vol. IX., 291. BANGOR, Eng. : projected sewerage scheme : inter- mittent discharge into sea by penstock at outlet of sewer ; flushing gate in manhole. Vol. V., 519. BAR HARBOR, Me.: Report by E. W. Bowditch to National Board of Health on sewerage of ; two illustra- tions. Vol. VII., 292. Abstract of report by Stevenson Towle and William E. Worthen on plans for sewerage pre- pared by E. W. Bowditch ; one illustration. Vol. XV., 261. BARNES, Dr. Henry J. : review of paper by, on " Sew- age Systems and the Epuration of Sewage by Irrigation and Agriculture," with discussion on the same. Vol. X., 267. BASSETT, C. P., C. E.: Plainfield, N. J., brief abstract of plans for, with estimates, Vol. XV., 635. BASSETT & NUTE: plans, by, for Orange, N. J.; brief description. Vol. XIII., 8. BATEMAN, James, on sewage irrigation for small towns; abstract of paper before Association of Sanitary Inspectors; Vol. XV., 342. BATH, N. Y. : State Board of Health urges the adop- tion of the Memphis system ; editorial criticism, Vol. IX., 6ii. BAUMEISTER, Prof. R. : Paper on separate system of sewerage. Vol. VH., 506. BAYHEAD, N. J., LAND CO. : Introduction of pail system by ; quotation of card of " Sanitary Precautions " for patrons to "read and tack up near the closets," Vol. VI., 323- BAZALGETTE, Sir Joseph : Brighton sewerage, on. Vol. VI., 166. Concrete block sewers constructed by ; description ; tu— {Continued.) Pennsylvania : Proposed, (asked for by Pittsburg) pro- viding for payment of cost of main sewers out of general taxation ; editorial comment, Vol. X., 432. LAWS, W. GEO., editorial notice of paper by, on sewer ventilation. Vol. VI., 514. LEA RIVER (Eng.) : Disposal of sewage from towns upon : unsatisfactory condition of purification works ; plan of Sir Joseph Bazalgette : conjoint intercepting sewer to Barking, with precipitation works; Bailey Denton's scheme : cheaper intercepting sewer, partly in open ditch ; (editorial). Vol. XIV., 563. Foul condition of ; (notes), Vol. XII., 249, 269. Pollution of, by efifluent from Ware Sewage farm at Hoddesdon ; report of action therefor ; de- cision of the Court, Vol. XIII., 416. Pollution by effluent from Hertford purification works ; brief report of action therefor. Vol. X., 312. LEICESTER (Eng.) : Unsatisfactory condition of sewerage and disposal ; expected profit from sale of man- ure not realized ; main sewers too small. Vol. XV., 462 (3rd col.) LEMON, JAMES, C. E. : Separate system, on : paper before Congress of the Sanitary Institute, Vol. VI., 415. LEYTON, Eng. : Purification works ; brief descrip- tion : precipitation by alumina, iron and lime ; value of sludge after pressing, Vol. IX., 89. Another description : use of vertical wheel strainer to remove solids. Vol. X., 458. More complete description by W. Dawson, Surveyor of the Local Board : precipitation by lime and black ash ; detailed adcount of the operation of Johnson's filter presses ; cost of cloths ; cost of works, Vol. XL, 289. Testimony to inoffen- siveness of the works. Vol. XIV., 394 (ist col.) 1 LIERNUR SYSTEM : Amsterdam (Holland), at : extent of, Vol. X., 411. Chancellor, Dr. C. W. (Secretary State Board of Health 54 LIERNUR SYSTEM : Chancellor, Dr. C. W. — (Continued^ of Maryland), advocated by, for Baltimore : editorial criticism of his paper, Vol. VIII., 614. Explanation of above criticism : not written by Col. Waring, as assumed by Dr. Chancellor, Vol. IX., 135. de Meijer, Dr. van Overbeek, advocated by : Abstract of arguments before International Sanitary Congress at Geneva, Vol. VI., 559. Editorial criticism of his " Les systemes d'evacuation des eaux et immondices d'une viUe," Vol. VIII., 590. Letter to Col. Waring, Vol. IX., 236 ; editorial comment on the same. Vol. IX., 231. Durand-Claye, M. A., on, as compared with the Berlier system, Vol. X., 411. LIFTING SEWAGE : Methods employed for slight lifts : paddle wheel suggested ; (answer to correspondent), Vol. XVIL, 171. LIME, AS A PRECIPITANT : See under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. LIME, CHLORIDE OF : See under Deodorizing Sewage under London. LINDLEY, WM. H., C. E.: Abstract of report by, on best means of sewering Elberfield, Germany, Vol. VIII., 79. LONDON : Deodorizing Sewage : Chloride of lime ; amount used ; cost. Vol. X., 217. Manganate of soda and sulphuric acid, (applied in the sewers to prevent nuisances from ventilators). Vol. XIII., 561. Permanganate of soda and sulphuric acid ; amount and cost ; Vol. XII., 249. Effect of : Opinion of the Board of Works, Vol. XII., 273. Opinion of an Italian correspondent on the value of. Vol. XII., 368. To be continued. Vol. XIII,, 128. 55 LONDON : Deodorizing Sewage : Permanganate of Soda — {Continued^ Inefficiency of, in summer of 1886, Vol. XV., 626. Disposal of Sewage : (See also Purification of Sewage under London J- also Thames, pollution of the^ Bazalgette, Sir Joseph : Suggestion of, to carry to German ocean, Vol. VIII., 63. Denton, Bailey : Scheme projected by (in conjunc- tion with Colonel Jones): Conveyance to Canvey Island, Vol. XIII., 63. Deprecates action pf Board of Works in disregarding utilization, con- structing underground tanks at Barking and resorting to homoeopathic doses of lime. Vol. XV., 570. Innes, Rose (Mr.) : Suggestion to carry to barren wastes on Kent and Essex coasts. Vol. VIII., 63. Local Government Board : Discharge of crude sewage at Barking condemned by engineer of, Vol. X., 337. Metropolitan Sewage Discharge Commission : Preliminary report : conclusions on present methods and effect on river. Vol. IX., 453. Rawlinson, Sir Robert, on. Vol. X., 483. Utilization : Argument for, by a London weekly, Vol. XIV., 56. Favored by Bailey Denton, Vol. XV., 570. Metropolitan Sewage Discharge Commission on. Vol. XL, 350. Ground water : Lowered 30 feet since installation of the Metropolitan drainage, Vol. X., 50. Mud, liquid, sweeping of, into sewers from streets, de- cided by the Court to be illegal. Vol. IX., 400. Parliament, Houses of : Drainage and Ventilation : Preliminary report of Committee of Ventilation : Air .S6 LONDON : Parliament, Houses of — (Continued.) of the palace contaminated by gas from low-level sewer, owing to absence of proper ventilation of the latter ; reconstruction of the palace drainage system recommended. Vol. X., 264 ; Vol. XIV., 32. Final report : description of existing system ; Shone's hydro-pn€umatic system recommended. Vol. XIV., 177 ; above recommendation adopted. Vol. XIV., 320. Description of former drainage and the new Shone works : abstract of Mr. Shone's report ; twelve illustrations, Vol. XV., 456. Purification of Sewage : Metropolitan Sewage Discharge Commission (or Royal Commission of 1882), on : Abstract of final report, Vol. XL, 104. Extracts from same : on profits from utilization, Vol. XL, 350 ; on purifi- cation by application to land. Vol. XL. 373, 433 ; conclusions, Vol. XL, 476. Precipitation : Barking, description of proposed . tanks at, with method of operation, Vol. XV., 545. Dibdin, W. J. (chemist of Metropolitan Board of Works) : Abstract of paper by : effect of various chemicals ; iron sulphate better than alumina ; comparative cost ; methods of disposal of sludge, Vol. XV, 514. Criticism of above paper by the " Builder " : purification of the Thames not to be materially improved by the present scheme of the Board ; editorial com- ment. Vol. XVI., 289. Experiments on, to comply with requirements of the Royal Commission, Vol. XL, 373 ; Vol. XII., 8, 288. 57 LONDON : Purification of Sewage : Precipitatiori — (Continued)) Metropolitan Board of Works : abstract of report by, on precipitation and disposal of sludge, Vol. XIII., 560. Precipitation favored by, but op- posed by the Royal Commission, (note, in British Correspondence), Vol. XIV , 200 ; letter from John Johnson & Co., correcting the above by stating that the Commission reported favorably on precipitation. Vol. XIV., 348 ; letter in reply from the British correspondent. Vol. XIV., 499. Sludge, disposal of : consideration of methods, Vol. XIII., 56. Carriage by ship to sea, Vol. XII., 293 ; Vol. XIV., 272 ; Vol. XVII., 156. Reservoir for accumulating sewage and precipitating sludge : Area and capacity, Vol. IX., 213 (ist col.). Cost of proposed enlargement. Vol. V., 107, 147. Description of proposed new, at Barking, Vol. XV., 545- Sewers : Construction : Examples of circular and egg-shaped; brief description; two illustrations, Vol. V., 107 ; correction of errors in above description. Vol. V., 159- Gullies, method of trapping ; four illustrations. Vol. X., 362. Largest (storm-water overflow-sewer): brief descrip- tion, Vol. X., 28 ; another description, with one illustration. Vol. X., 171, Main : length and cost. Vol. IX., 305 (top of ist col.). Northern high level intercepting : weir and side entrance to storm-water overflow ; full-page illus- tration, Vol. VI., 150. 5« LONDON: Sewers : Northern high level intercepting — {Continued) Progress of construction during 1884, Vol. XI., 540. Total length, Vol. IX., 213 'ist col ). Ventilation : Methods employed : description, with comments by a "Journeyman Plumber," Vol. X , 362. Metropolitan Board of Works : Editorial notice of report of Committee of, Vol. XIII., 487. Shafts in chimney breasts and walls of houses. Vol. X., 240 ; Vol. XI., 479, 540. - Surface gratings : complaints of nuisance from ; typhoid fever and throat troubles attributed to gas from, by Dr. Sedgewick Saunders ; closure suggested, Vol. V., 522 ; closure of some effected, Vol. XI., 540. Westminister : See Parliament Houses, above. LONDON, Ont: Sewage in river pools causes nuisance ; removal of dams ordered by Court, Vol. XII., 446. Inter- cepting sewer and purification by precipitation recom- mended by committee of Provincial Board of Health, Vol. XIV., 399. LONG BRANCH (N. J.): Hotels, disposal of sewage of: report by E. \V. Bowditch to National Board of Health, Vol. VII., 267 ; report of N. J. State Board of Health, Vol. IX., 594. LOS ANGELES (Cal.) : Sewage farm proposed ; sewer in tunnel ; (note). Vol. XV., 490 ; editorial notice of same. Vol. XVI., 641. Sewage utilized on farms for fourteen years ; (note). Vol. XV., 522. LOUISVILLE (Ky.) AND PORTLAND CANAL: right of the city to drain into, denied by the Federal Gov- ernment; intercepting sewer recommended, Vol. XVI., 149; Vol. XVII., 358. 59 LOWRIE'S FLUSHING APPARATUS: See under Tanks under Flushing of Sewers. LOWRIE, Mr.: plans made by, on separate system, for Denver, four years before details adopted at Memphis were patented, (Rosewater), Vol. XV., 687 (3d col.). MACON, Ga.: Sewerage system, proper, construction of, urged by chairman of Board of Health, Vol. XI., 546. MAIDSTONE, Eng. : Purification by precipitation ; sludge pressed by " pumping engine of special design," Vol. XV., 454. MANCHESTER (Eng.): Purification works: praise of, by Freneh Engineers, Vol. XI., 348 ; proposed extension, Vol. XVIL, 311. MANGANATE OF SODA, for deodorizing sewage: See under Deodorising Sewage under London. MANGEL-WURZEL : See under Produce under Agri- culture under Utilization of Sewage. MANHATTAN BEACH, disposal at: Precipitation, Vol. VI., 310; condition of works in May, 1884, Vol. X., 12. MANHOLES : See under Sewer Construction. MANUFACTORIES, Sewage from: St^ Factory Wastes under Purification of Sewage. MARLBORO, Mass.: Report on sewerage and sewage disposal by Edward S. Philbrick, Vol. XL, 269. Editorial consideration of disposal in reference to pollution of Boston ^water-supply. Vol. X., 259. Anticipated pollution of water supply of Taunton by proposed discharge into Nemask6t River ; legal means of preventing ; deficient powers of State Board of Health in the matter. Vol. XII., 488. MARSH GAS in Sewer Air, per cent, of. Vol. VII., 265. MASSACHUSETTS : Disposal of sewage in : Am. Soc. C. E., discusion by, of paper by Frederick 60 MASSACHUSETTS : Disposal of sewage in ; Am. Soc. C. E., discusion by — (Continued!) P. Stearns : Paper by Charles Allen : history of English methods of purification ; observations at Pullman ; Remarks by E. C. Clarke : account of irrigation at Medfield, Mass.; observations at Pullman ; Remarks by Emil Kuichling : quantity of sewage per acre ; odors of sewage farms ; Re- marks by Seth Green, Robert McMath, et aL, Vol. XVI., 1 80. Proposed law requiring purification before discharge into the streams, Vol. VIII., 87. Drainage Commission (for Valleys of Mystic, Black- stone and Charles Rivers): Establishment of, recommended by State Board of Health : brief abstracts of arguments on. Vol. IX., 432. Appoint- ment of : composition ; duties ; editorial comments, Vol. X., 194. First session: names of members; sewage disposal of Worcester, (notes). Vol. X., 432, 487. Surveys in progress, Vol. XII., 295. General report : Abstract, Vol. XIII., 251. Extract from the report : Methods of sewage disposal, Vol XIIL, 251 ; English law concerning pollution of streams and its effect ; sedimentation and coarse filtration, Vol. XIII., 273 ; Clarification by precipitants ; puri- fication by land ; one illustration. Vol. XIIL, 297 ; Separation of sewage from rain-fall ; considerations affecting choice of methods in Massachusetts ; con- clusions. Vol. XIIL, 345. Considerations by Legis- lative Committee, of the report and of the bill pro- posed : unfavorable expressions ; (brief abstract). Vol. XIIL, 376. Favorable report on the plan sub- mitted for the Charles River valley. Vol. XIIL, 424. Recommendations as to disposal of sewage of Natick, 61 MASSACHUSETTS : Drainage Comm ission — (Continued!) South Framingham, and the Women's Prison ; (note), Vol. XIIL, 17. Pollution of Streams, in : Proposed law to prevent. Vol. VIII., 87. Reformatory, (formerly State Prison): Disposal: his- tory and description of new wor^s : sedimentation ; composting and utilization of sludge in agriculture ; distribution through wooden troughs on movable trestles ; (abstract of report by the engineer, Wm. Wheeler) ; two illustrations. Vol. XV., 63. State Board of Health : Law giving the Board general oversight of all inland waters. Vol. XV., 141. Editorial comment ; engi- neers appointed; first towns to submit plans and questions. Vol. XV., 131. Editorial review of first report. Vol. XVI., 289. Mystic River investigation : names of committee appointed. Vol. XVI., 653. Purification of sewage, experiments on ; filtration through various soils : editorial reference, with comment, Vol. XVII., 261. Worcester : plan for purification recommended by commission appointed by the Board, Vol. V. 498. MEDFIELD, Mass. : Brief description of irrigation works. Vol. XVI., 181. MEDWAY RIVER, Eng., purification of sewage discharg- ing into ; (note), Vol. X., 559. MELLISS, C. E. : Advice to the Local Board of Hendon (Eng.) on disposal. Vol. VII., 510. MEMPHIS, (Tenn.) : Death rate : No increase that can be charged to the 62 MEMPHIS : Death rate — (Continued^ sewerage, Vol. VII., 241, 538. Reduction of, due to sewerage, Vol. VII., 6n ; Vol. VIII., 159, Vol. XV., 606. Expenses of maintaining the sewerage system in 1882 and 1883 ; tables. Vol. IX., 380. Flush-tanks (Field's) : Obstruction of the small syphons ; letter of explanation from J. H. Hum- phreys, Vol. v., 43. House-connections, number and cost of. Vol. XII., 313- Intercepting sewer to the Mississippi ; construction of, begun, Vol. XII, 313 ; completion of, Vol. XV., 606. Manholes. (See also obstructions) : Number put in by the city after construction. Vol. XVI., 737. Opinion on omission of : Hering, Rudolph, Vol. XVI., 739. Philbrick, Edward S., Vol. XVI., 737. Rawlinson, Sir Robert, Vol. XVI., 737. Waring, Col. George E., Jr., Vol. XIV., 472 (ist col.). Obstructions in sewers : All in 6-inch pipe, Vol. XVI., 739. Number and cost of removal during first two years. Vol. VII., 611; in 1882 and ,1883, ^(by months). Vol. IX., 380 ; in 1883, Vol. XVI., 737. Number per week in autumn of 1887, Vol. XVI., 739- Outlet of sewers : Improperly located, polluting the bayou ; (references only). Vol. V., 2, 401. Pro- posed change from Wolf River to the Mississippi opposed by President Hadden ; comment. Vol. IX., 530 ; change urged by President of Board of Health, Vol. XII., 415. 63 MFMTHlS—{Co«tmuecf.) Patents on details of Colonel Waring's work at : Note, Vol. v., 522 ; editorial answer to question by Rudolph Hering, Vol. IX., 546 ; letter from Colonel Waring in reference to same, Vol. IX., 572. Progress of construction in 1882 and 1883, Vol. IX., 380 ; in 1886, Vol. XV., 606. Results of six years' experience with the sewers of : Letter from Rudolph Hering reviewing the essential features of the system, Vol. XVI, 739 ; editorial reference to above, with summary of early criticism on omission of manholes. Vol. XVI., 737. Sub-soil drainage, omission of ; (references only), Vol. v., 2 ; Vol. V. 401. Working of the sewerage system : answer by the City Engineer to questions by the State Engineer of Cali- fornia, Vol. IX., 380. MEMPHIS SEWERAGE SYSTEM : See Waring Sew- erage System. MEXICO, CITY OF : proposed drainage : Notes, Vol. XL, 420; Vol. XIV., 448, 548, and supplement to No. 21. Editorial notice of, Vol. XVI., 609. MILITARY POSTS, Sewage Disposal at: Earth- closets ; irrigation ; (answer to correspondent). Vol. XIII., 325- MILWAUKEE (Wis.): Disposal: Nuisance from dis- charge of crude sewage into river ; flushing tunnel proposed, Vol. XIV., 280. Nuisance to be considered by grand jury; depth of sludge in river. Vol. XIV., 297. Action to be taken under State law to secure relief ; editorial comment. Vol. XVI., 346; rdsum^ of plan, Vol. XVI., 439, 621; work stopped. Vol. XVI., 717. Chester B. Davis and Col. H. Flad appointed Consulting Engineers, Vol. XVII., 61. MINNEAPOLIS (Minn.) : Proposed ordinance taking the control of sewer construction from the City Engineer ; editorial comment, Vol. XVII., 113. MODERN SEWER CONSTRUCTION AND SEAV- AGE DISPOSAL, by Edward S. Philbrick : (For detailed index, see under Philbrick): Vol. XV., 11, in, 234,345, 516; Vol. XVI., 67, 264. MONTGOMERY, Ala. : Sewerage system : need of better : extract from address by Mayor Gaston, with editorial comments. Vol. VI., 22. Another quotation from Mayor Gaston ; complaint by Health Officer Means : advocates stopping the vents ; editorial comment. Vol. VIII., 38. Con- struction about to be begun ; editorial comment, advising employment of experts. Vol. IX., 23. Abstract of report by Rudolph Hering, Vol. XVII., 142. MONTREAL : Cost of sewer construction and repairs in 1885 ; (note). Vol. XIV., 63. Drainage sci:eme recommended by the City Surveyor : brief resum^, Vol. XIII., 400. Ventilation of Sewers : l,etter from Secretary of Board of Health asking what v/ould be the best method for that city, Vol. XVII., 138 ; editorial reply, advising employment of competent engineers. Vol. XVII, 129. MOORE, ROBERT, C. E. : On the separate system, in reply to Octave Chanute, Vol. X., 263. MORRISTOWN, N. J.: Insane Asylum : Purification of sewage by irrigation after sedimentation ; distribution through raised wooden gutters. Vol. XII., 173. MORTALITY-RATES : See Death-rates. MORTLAKE, Eng. : See Richmond; also Thames Valley, Lower. MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.: Plan for sewerage by Ste- venson Towle; (brief description), Vol. V., page 519; dis- cussion of same by the Mt. Vernon " Chronicle," Vol. VI., 6S MOUNT VERNON, N. Y .—{Continued^, 305. Opposition by village of East Chester to plan of dis- charge into Hutchinson River, Vol. VII., 87. New Legisla- tive act asked for, Vol. IX., 286. Attorney-General makes application to Supreme Court to compel County Supervisors to remedy the sewage nuisance, Vol. XIII., 233. History of the sewerage movement ; abstract of plans by Stevenson Towle : approved by Col. Julius W. Adams and criticised by J. J. R. Croes, Vol. XII., 252. Plans approved ; (note), Vol. XVII., 78. MUD, liquid, sweeping of, into sewers : decided illegal in London by a law court. Vol. IX., 400. MUNICH : death-rate of, in relation to its sewers ; review of paper by Dr. S. Soyka, Vol. XII., 153. MYSTIC, Blackstone and Charles River Valleys Drainage Commission : see Drainage Commission under Massachusetts. MYSTIC RIVER (Mass.) : Committee appointed by State Board of Health to investigate pollution of, and means of protection ; (note). Vol. XVI., 653. NAHANT, Mass.: Pipe sewers advised and constructed ; (reference only). Vol. VI., 229. Cost of system. Vol. VI., 206. NANTUCKET, Mass.: Need of sewers. Vol. V., 144. Plans of E. W. Bowditch, Vol. IX., 316. Sanitary condi- tion defended by Dr. Harold Williams ; criticism of State Board of Health ; reply by Dr. Abbott, Secretary of the Board; editorial comments. Vol. XL, 451. NAPLES (Italy) : Sewerage system of the lower city to be remodeled ; (reference only), Vol. XIIL, 585. NAPOLEON, Ohio : Description of defective sewers. Vol. XVIL, 306. NATICK, Maas.: See under Drainage Commission under Massachusetts. NATIVE GUANO CO.: See under Utilization of Sew- age ; see also A. B. C. Process under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. 66 NAUGATUCK VATXEY. Conn. : Proposed intercept- ing sewer from Winsted to the Sound ; (note), Vol. XVI., 299. NEWARK, N. J. : Cess-pools and privies : Number of, Vol. VII., 369. Editorial comment on a citizen's view of the danger of pollution of wels by cess-pools, Vol. XII., 228. Evils of tight vaults with overflows to sewer. Vol. XVI., 155. Sewerage : Conveyance of sewage in open canal causes nuisance : opinion of Alphonse Fteley on means of abating the evil, Vol. X., 129. Plan for same pro- posed by James F. Bless ; Col. Julius W. Adams and Rudolph Hering endorse Mr. Fteley's plan, which is accepted. Vol. X., 408 ; but not signed by the Mayor in consequence of citizen's protest ; oppo- sition of Mr. Bless ; meeting of the protestants ; endorsements of engineers' plan ; editorial comments. Vol. X., 431. Brief description of plans adopted. Vol. X., 562. Total length of brick and pipe sewers ; plan of intercepting sewers, Vol. XIV., 254. De- tailed description of improved sewerage system ; ten illustrations. Vol. XV., 600, 628. Extract of report of A. Fteley on adaptation of street grading to the improved system ; editorial comment, Vol. XVI., 37. Appointment of A. Fteley and W. H. Worthen to examine and report upon the coiiipleted work, Vol. XVI., 24; notice of their report, Vol. XVI., 265. NEWBURYPORT, Mass.: Need of sewers; Memphis system recommended by the Board of Health, Vol. IX., 72. NEW HAVEN, Conn.: Progr. ss and condition of sewer- age ; retention of cess-pools and privy-vaults ; (editorial), Vol. VIII., 415. War on cess-pools by the local papers. Vol. VIII., 566. Prevalence of cess-pools a serious cause of apprehension in regard to typhoid, Vol. IX., 192. 67 NEW JERSEY : Sewerage : Act to provide for, in densely populated townships hav- ing a public water supply, Vol. X., 13 ; editorial comment on above, Vol. X., 7. Coast resorts : review of State Board of Health report on : (notice of Ocean Beach and Long Branch), Vol. IX., 594. General agitation of the question throughout the State ; towns having works in progress or under considera- tion. Vol. XII., 315. NEW LONDON, Conn.: Assessments, sewer: plan employed. Vol. XVI.,,490 ; litigation resulting from objection to ; extracts from decision of the arbitrators. Vol. XVII., 264. Intercepting sewers designed by Rudolph Hering : description ; nine illustrations, Vol. XV., 401. Proposed sewerage : urged by Health Committee, Vol. IX., 25 ; preliminary examination. Vol. X, 432. NEW ORLEANS (La.) : Canals, drainage : improvement of, by planking the bottoms and adding a pump ; (note), Vol. V., 227. Insufficient flushing; (editorial), Vol. XVI., 177. Gutter drainage : Report of Committee on Flushing, Vol. VII., 273. Description of flushing plant and its operation ; three illustrations, Vol. XL, 329. Im- proper construction causes defective drainage, Vol. XII., 47 ; Vol. XIV., 350. Sewerage problem : Auxiliary Sanitary Association on the, Vol. v., 519 ; the " Picayune " on the. Vol. XII., 519. Proposed offering of prize for best drainage system, Vol. XIIL, 65 ; Vol. XVL, 439. Topographical survey, proposed, Vol. V., 519 ; Vol. XIIL, 65. 68 NEWPORT, R. I.: Main sewer, doubts as to level of ; examination to be made; (notes), Vol. XVI., 617, 621 ; result of ex- amination ; (note). Vol. XVI., 653. Sewerage plans proposed by E. S. Chesbrough and Capt. Cotton, adoption of ; comment on the omission of their plan for disposal, Vol. VI., 342. Sewerage system, need of : Brief reference in editorial on " Sanitary matters in Newport," VoL VI., 341. Letter from a summer resident. Vol. VI., 342. City Council urged by Citizen's Municipal Reform Asso- ciation to adopt a. Vol. VIII., 304. N EWTON, Mass. : Memphis system and irrigation recom- mended by Committee of Aldermen ; (note), Vol. IX , 99. Sewerage scheme as provided for the Charles River valley system, satisfactory to legislative Committee on Drainage, Vol. XIII., 424. NEWTOWN CREEK : See under Brooklyn. NEW YORK CITY : Northern portion of, (above Harlem River): disposal in, becoming a serious question ; (editorial), Vol. VI., 321. Sewerage system : improvement and enlargement of : Examination of entire system to be made by Rudolph Hering and Col. JuHus W. Adams, Vol. XVI., 270. Sewer construction : methods of determining amount of rock excavation by borings ; " unbalanced bids," Vol. IX., 143. Notice of Engineer Towle's report for i8ii5 ; description of change made in circular brick sewers to reduce width of dry weather stream : lining of concrete and earthenware ; two illustrations. Vol. XIII., 491. (Patent on above : claim ; one illustration. Vol. XII., 15). Total length of sewers in 1886, Vol. XV., 209. 69 NEW YORK CITY— {Continued). ^Varing, Col. George E., Jr.'s plan for the drainage of : his reply to editorial criticisms on his article in " Scribner's Magazine," May-June, 1881 ; editorial comment, VoL V., 10 ; quotations from the article referred to, asserting the foul condition of existing sewers, Vol. 426. NEW YORK STATE BOARD OF HEALTH : Bath (village of) : adoption of Memphis system for, urged by the Board ; editorial criticism, Vol. IX., 611. Peekskill, report on a system of sewerage for : review of ; editorial criticism of the Board in the matter. Vol. IX., 543. Letter from " Civil Engineer " approv- ing above criticism. Vol. IX., 592. Separate system of sewerage recommended by, \'ol. ^^, 240 ; editorial comment, Vol. V., 337. Sewage disposal in N. Y. towns : extract from report on. Vol. XIII., 351. NIGHT-SOIL : See under Disposal of Sewage and under Utilization of Seivage. NITRIFICATION : See M.n6.tx Purification of Seivage. NORFOLK, Va.: Separate system after plans b}" Col. George E. Waring Jr.: description of by J. H. Humphreys, Vol. VII., 155. Completion of, trial section ; controversy about sewer ordinances ; copy of proposed ; editorial com- ments. Vol. VII., 439. Sub-soil water: collection and disposition of. Vol. VII., 247. Syphon outlet for a low district, designed by Col. George E. Waring, Jr.: description ; three illustra- tions. Vol. XV., 486. Letter from William Henry Baldwin on the above. Vol. XV., 521. Letter from W. T. Brooke, City Engineer, on the same, stating 70 NORFOLK, Vz.— {Continued.) height of lift and claiming credit for design, Vol. XV., 604. Letter from W. H. Chapman stating ele- vations of various parts, Vol. XV., 633. Another letter from Mr. Brooke on the same, Vol. XVL, 555. West sewerage system : Letter from Col. George E. Waring, Jr., on the demand for damages from the city by company owning patents on pumping and utilization granted to Walter S. West ; denial of any ground for claim, Vol. XV., 43. Letter from presi- dent of the company in reply to above, Vol. XV., 266. NORRISTOWN, Pa. Hospital for the Insane: Brief description of large square flush tank used in irrigation works. Vol. XIIL, 160. NORWICH, N. Y.: Need of sewers; insanitary condi- tion from cess-pools and privy vaults, Vol. XII., 12. NOTT, GORDON ; Plan for draining Chicago ; deep sewers ; tunnels to Desplaines River ; purification by pre- cipitation and " agitators : " editorial abstract and com- ments, Vol. XVI., 317 ; editorial notice of letter from. Vol. XVL, 430- NOTTINGHAM (Eng.) : Sewage farm ; clay-soil lightened with ashes ; (note), Vol. XV., 342. NUISANCE FROM PURIFICATION WORKS : See under Pmificaiion of Sewage. OAKLAND, Cal.: . Defective and inadequate condition of sewerage system ; editorial advice in regard to proper method of obtaining improvement, Vol. XVII., 358. OHIO : Proposed law providing for the construction of trunk sewers in cities of first grade of first class, by special tax ; comment, Vol. VII., 155. OIL AND TALLOW REFINERIES, analyses of sewage from : Glasgow, Vol. XII., 148. OMAHA (Neb.): Extract from City Engineer's report for 1883 ; operation of the Waring system ; editorial com- 71 OMAHA, ^th.— {Continued.) merit, Vol. IX., 547. Notes from report for 1885 : catch- basins ; flush tanks ; one illustration, Vol. XIV., 203. Ab- stract of 1886 report : opinion of the Waring system, Vol. XV., 687. ORANGE, N. J.: (See also East Orange.) : Sewerage plans by Bassett & Nute ; brief description, Vol. XIII., 8 ; approval by Committee on Sewerage ; co-operation with East Orange, and disposal at tide water suggested; (note). Vol. XIII., 473;, more definite report of the same. Vol. XIII., 518. Propo- sition to discharge into Newark sewers ; editorial comment. Vol. IX., 263 ; permission refused, Vol. XIII., 351. ORDINANCES, sewer : Keene, N. H., proposed for, by Edward P. Adams, Vol. VII., 103. Norfolk, Va., proposed for ; comments, Vol. VII., 440. OVERFLOW, damages from sewer : Brooklyn : decision of Court of Appeals in case of Flushing Avenue sewer. Vol. XIII., 256 ; editorial comments, Vol. XIII., 271. Milwaukee : into cellar through house connection, from omission of back-flow trap : suit decided in favor of city. Vol. XVII., 67. OVERFLOWS, Stormwater : See Stormwater Overflows. under Sewer Construction. OWEN FREDERICK N., C. E.: Plans by, for sewage disposal, for Ansonia. Conn.: brief description. Vol. X., 250. OXFORD, Eng.: Sewage farm : description of, by W. H. White : chiefly on preparation of the land and methods of distribution ; financial exhibit. Vol. VIII., 232. Letter from Bailey Denton, stating that the credit for selection of site and general scheme of works belongs to him, Vol. VIII., 496. 73 OXIDATION OF SEWAGE : See Aeration and Nitri- fication under Purification of Sewage. PAIL SYSTEM of Removing Excreta : See under Dry Removal under Disposal of Sewage. PARIS : Disposal of excreta : Admission of, to the sewers : recommended by Commission of Society of Public Health, Vol. V., 403 ; decision of Committee on Sanitary Improvement, Vol. VIII., 254. Historical notes on, Vol. VI [I., 31. Disposal of Sewage : Durand-Claye, M. A., opinions of : objections to cess- pools and privies, to conveyance to the sea, and to chemical and mechanical treatment ; advocacy of irrigation and crop-raismg. Vol. VIII., 55. Irrigation : Recommended by Commission, Vol. V., 124; by M. A. Durand-Claye, Vol. VIII., 55 ; by M. Wazon, Vol. X., 294. Delay in carrying out M. Durand-Claye's schemes. Vol. X., 528. De- scription of works, by M. A. Durand Claye ; (ab- stract of report in " Annales des Fonts et Chaus- s^es "), Vol. XIII., 375. Sewerage : Berlier's system : Proposed : condensed description ; comments; one illustration, Vol. VI., 376. Trial of : district drained ; M A. Durand-Claye on ad- vantages of, over Liernur system. Vol. X., 411. Cess-pools, evils of, shown in picture exhibited at Geneva Sanitary Congress, Vol. VI., 379. Durand-Claye, M. A., on : opposition to the Liernur, and defence of the English system. Vol. X., 411. Flushing of sewers, resolution regarding, by the Commission on Sanitary Improvement ; size and intervals of tanks ; frequency of flushes ; estimated cost, Vol. VIII., 254. 73 PARIS : Sewerage — {Continued.) House connections : all houses required to deliver rain water and household waste into the sewers Vol. X., 272. Memphis system to be tried in section of, Vol. VII., 303; "note on the conditions under which the Waring system might be partially applied to Paris," by M. Vauthier, Vol. VIII., 446. Sewers, report of the Commission of the Society of Public Health in favor of : abstract, Vol. V., 403 ; Reason of the inoffensiveness of the. Vol. VI., 517- Utilization in agriculture : passage of bill authorizing ; proposition for construction of covered canal to the sea, with reservoirs {en route) for benefit of farmers, Vol. XVII., 163. PASSAIC, N. J.: Disposal : plan to discharge into Pas- saic River objected to by oiBcials of Jersey City and Newark; editorial comments. Vol. X., 311. Negotiations for construction of a Waring system ; (note). Vol. X., 513- PATENTS on Waring Sewerage System : See Patents and Royalty under Separate System. PATERSON, N. J.: Cement not conforming to specifications : contractor allowed to use, by Street Committee of Councils ; editorial comment. Vol. IX., 495. City Engineer loses his position on account of ordering contractor to comply with specifications, Vol. X., 8. Cement sewer pipe, controversy over use of, Vol. VIII., 279. 35^, 472. Cess-pools and privy vaults, efforts to abolish ; (note). Vol. XL, 546. Sewers built previous to 1873, defects in plan and con- struction of. Vol. XI., 314. 74 PAVEMENTS, breaking of, in maintenance of sewers : back streets or alleys advocated for exclusive location of sewers and pipes ; (editorial), Vol. VIII., 440. PAWTUCKET, R. I. : Statistics of sewers ; trouble with Field's flush-tank ; assessments, Vol. XV., 578. PEEKSKILL, N. Y. : Report on sewerage system, by State Board of Health, editorial review of : criticism of the Board, Vol. IX., 543 ; letter from " Civil Engineer" approv- ing above criticism. Vol. IX., 592. PERMANGANATE OF SODA for deodorizing sew- age : See under Deodorizing under Londan. PETERSFIELD, ENG. : Separate system : purification by upward filtration through gravel, followed by irrigation ; brief description, Vol. XIV., 296. PHILADELPHIA : Census Office report on sewerage and house- drainage, by Col. George E. Waring, Jr.: extracts from. Vol. VI., 24. Letter from Rudolph Hering referring to above : another cause of the bad sewerage ; new law prescribing shape of sewers. Vol. VI., 89. Cess-pools : For school-houses; (editorial note). Vol. VI. 281'. Connected with public sewers, a cause of nuis- ance, (note), Vol. VIII., 272. Committee of one hundred, discussion of the sewerage question by ; editorial comment on general condition and needs of the city, as to sewerage. Vol. VII., 322. Disposal : call on the authorities to study up the ques- tion, by the " North American ;" (editorial note). Vol VI., 485. Dobson's Run, intercepting sewers for, proposed by Russell Thayer, Superintendent Fairmount Park, Vol. VIL, 107. 75 PHILADELPHIA— (C(?«//«w^— {Continued.) description of scheme for Hendon, submitted by, in con- junction with Prof. Frankland, Vol. XIII., 445. STILLWATER, Minn.: R6sum6 of sewerage plans pre- pared by D. W. Cunningham, Vol. V., 125. STOCKTON, Cal.: Insane Asylum: Foul condition of disposal works ; irrigation recommended by State Engineer Hall ; methods and details to be observed. Vol. IX., 329. STONE SEWER, SQUARE : Arguments in favor of, t)y an alderman, a doctor and an " expert " at Green Bay, Wis.; editorial comment. Vol. XIV., 463. STORER'S PROCESS OF PURIFYING SEWAGE, BY AERATION: See nnd&r Aeration under Purification of Sewage. STORM-WATER : Amount provided for in sewerage of : Copenhagen, Vol. X., 555 ; Newark, N. J., Vol. XV., 600 ; Salford, Eng.. Vol. X., 220. Exclusion of, from sewers : See Separate vs. Combined System ; also Roof and Yard Water under Separate System. Heavy rains : See Rainfalls, excessive. STRATFORD-ON-AVON : Sewerage and disposal works : description ; flushing; pumping; irrigation. Vol. XIII., 180. Nuisance from : suit for damages ; verdict for plaintiff, Vol. XVII., 282. STRATFORD, Ont.: Separate system proposed for ; (note), Vol. XII., 448. STREAMS, DISCHARGE OF SEWAGE INTO : See under Purification of Sewage ; also Pollution of Streams under Disposal of Sewage. STREAMS, SMALL, AS SEWERS : See Brooks. STREAMS, TIDAL : See Estuaries under Disposal of Sewage. 129 STREATHAM, Eng.: Level pipe sewer at; description with one illustration, Vol. VI., io6. STREET SWEEPING of liquid mud into sewers : Lon- don : decided to be illegal, Vol. IX., 400. SUB-SOIL DRAINAGE : See under Separate System j see also Soil Drainage under Sewer Construction ; also Un- derdrainage under Irrigation under Purification of Sewage j also Ground Water. SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION : See under Purifica- tion of Seivage. i * SUDBURY RIVER (Mass.), pollution of, by sewage of Marlboro ; (editorial), Vol. X., 359. SUEZ CANAL : " in fair way to become a stagnant sewer " ; (note). Vol. VII., 605. SUGAR, influence of, upon cement : See under Cement ,under Sewer Construction. SUMMER COTTAGES : Disposal from : irrigation recommended in answer to correspondent, Vol. IX., 190. SUMMER RESORTS : See under Resorts. SWEEPING LIQUID MUD from streets into sewers : London : decided to be illegal. Vol. IX., 400. SYRACUSE, N. Y.: Intercepting sewers to prevent pollution of Onondaga Creek proposed by citizen. Vol. VII., 297 ; recommended by James T. Gardiner of State Board of Health, Vol. XII., 254. Defective condition of sewer- age ; (reference). Vol. XVI., 493. SYPHONS : See under Sewer Construction ; also Tanks under Flushing of Sewers. TANCARVILLE CANAL AND SEWER AT HAVRE: " Decauville '' apparatus as used at ; Sheet iron sewer syphon under canal ; three illustrations. Vol. XVI., 123. TANNERIES, analyses of waste water from : Glasgow, Vol. XII., 148. 130 TAUNTON, Mass. : Consideration of disposal urged by Board of Health, Vol. XV., 659. Abstract of lecture on sewage disposal, by Wm. R. Billings, with special reference to that city. Vol. XIII., 615. THAMES RIVER, (Eng.), pollution of : (See also Dis- posal of Serfage and Purification of Sewage under London.^ Description of: By the "Lancet", Vol. VIII., 566. Blackwall to Erith ; (note), Vol. X., t6S. At Twick- enham, Vol. XI., 56. Laws and projects to prevent : brief history of, Vol. X., 122. Lower portion : Foul condition of ; (note). Vol. XII., 269. Number of open outfalls of sewers between Teddington and Gravesend, Vol. V., 107. Scheme for purification proposed by newspaper correspondent: flushing by water from German ocean. Vol. X., 337. Metropolitcm Sewage Discharge Commission, (or Royal Commission of 1882), on : First report : abstract. Vol. IX., 304; general conclusions. Vol. IX., 453. Second (final) report : abstract, Vol. XL. 104 ; con- clusions, Vol. XL, 476. Necessity of carrying out recommendations in above urged on Home Secretary by the Common Council of London, Vol. XII., 464. THAMES VALLEY, LOWER : Sewage Disposal of : Proposed purification works at Mortlake ; treatment pro- posed by James Manserge and Mr. Melliss, Vol. VIII., 591. Objection by rate-payers of Mortlake to scheme proposed by Main Sewerage Board, Vol. IX., 52, 520 ; above scheme approved by Local Government Board, Vol. IX., 608 ; but rejected by Parliament, Vol. X., 168. General inquiry ordered, Vol. X., 288. Discussion of, by English corres- pondents, Vol. X., 312, 364. Adoption of scheme proposed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette ; cost, Vol. XL, 149. Dissolution of Main Sewerage Board ; its accomplishments, Vol. XIL, 249; Vol. XIIL, 27.'. 131 TIDAL RIVERS : See Estuaries under Disposal of Sew- age. TIDE-GATES : See Gates under Server Construction. TIDY, DR. C. MEYMOTT, on sewage disposal : Brief abstract of paper before Society of Arts, Vol. XIII., 560 ; editorial reference to same. Vol. XIV., 55 ; editorial r6suni6 of the paper and discussion thereon, with comments, Vol. XIV., 223 ; notice of, as reprinted in book form. Vol. XVI., 237- TILTING TANKS, use of, in sub-surface irrigation: See under Sub-surface Irrigation under Purification of Sewage. TOLEDO, Ohio : Defective condition of sewers. Vol. V., 541 ; Vol. XVII., 69. TORONTO, (Can.) : Defective condition of sewerage ; pollution of the bay : earth closets proposed by the Health Officer, Vol. XII., 74. Disposal : proposed plan : discharge into lake 30 feet below surface at distance from shore ; (reference only). Vol. XIV., 471 (3d col.). Progress of sewerage ; (notes in corresponendce). Vol. X., 127. Sewerage Commission : Appointment of, Vol. XIII., 473 ; brief abstract of report of. Vol. XIV., 255 ; taxpayers refuse to authorize construction of trunk sewer recommended ; committee of aldermen .and citizens formed to collect evidence ; proposal to dis- charge into the harbor ; editorial comment and re- commendations, Vol. XIV., 587. TOWLE, STEVENSON, C. E. Bar Harbor, Maine : Abstract of report by, in conjunc- tion with Wm. E. Worthen, on plans by E. W. Bow- ditch ; one illustration. Vol. XV., 261. Mount Vernon, N.Y.: Abstracts of plan for sewerage of. Vol. v., 519 ; Vol. XII., 252. 132 TOWLE, STEVENSON, C. ^.—(Continued.) New York City : Notice of official report (as Engineer of Sewers) for 1885, Vol. XIII., 491. TOWNS, SMALL : See Small Towns ; also Villages. TREE ROOTS : See under Pipe Sewers. TRENCH MACHINES : See Carson' s Mndex Sewer Con- struction. TRENTON, N. J.: American House case : a hotel claiming the right to empty sewage into small stream within the town ; de- cision of the Court of Errors and Appeals ; points established ; comments, Vol. XI., 515. Estimated cost of sewering one district : brief descrip- tion of proposed works. Vol. VI., 132. Plans and estimates for sewerage system solicited from engineers ; editorial comment. Vol. VIII., 304, 488. Sewerage question : Opinion of the Trenton " State Gazette " that there is no engineer accessible who un- derstands disposal by irrigation sufficiently in detail to give a complete plan ; editorial comment, (note), Vol. VII., 539. TUB SYSTEM OF REMOVAL : See under Disposal 0/ Sewage. TUNNELS : See under Sewer Construction. TURIN (Italy): Notice of report on sewerage of. Vol. XII., 274. TYPHOID FEVER : Germ or poison of : power of irrigation to destroy ; opinion of Mr. Latham (Baldwin ?), citing case at Croydon in illustration ; (in review of paper by Chas. Watson Folkard on the Analysis of Potable Water), Vol. VI., 230. Mortality from, effect of sewerage on : at Bunzlau, Vol. XIV., 587 ; at Frankfort and elsewhere. Vol. VI., 559- 133 TYPHOID VlEN'&Vi— {Continued.) Privy vaults and cess-pools, relation of, to : New Haven, Vol. IX., 192. Sewer gas from street surface ventilators, attributed to, by Dr. Sedgwick Saunders, Vol. V., 522. UNDERDRAINAGE : See under Irrigation under Purification of Sewage; also Subsoil drainage under Separate system j also Ground Water; also Soil Drainage under Sewer Construction. UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS, SEWERS UNDER : London : Metropolitan : two illustrations, Vol. XIII., 585. Special difficulties encountered ; five illustrations, Vol. XIII., 6 CO. Reference only, with ^z/^ illustrations. Vol. XIV., 9. Four illustrations, Vol. XIV., 129. UTICA, N. Y. : Special case of sewer assessment de- cided invalid by the Court because of deviation in construc- tion from ordinance authorizing contract. Vol. XV., 681. UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE : "ABC" process : See Native Guano Co., below. Agriculture : Beddington, Eng. : Land in use for 25 years ; statistics, Vol. XIV., 199. Berlin : Results very satisfactory, (Durand-Claye) ; crops raised, Vol. VI., 447 ; results not entirely satisfactory (official report). Vol. IX., 547. Birmingham, Tame and Rea District, (Saltley farm) : Produce ; detailed financial exhibit. Vol. XIV., 500. •Bunzlau (in Silesia), Ger.: Begun in 1559 ; truck garden and meadow, with fruit trees, Vol. VIII., 418 (ist col.). Carpenter, Dr. Alfred, experiments by, on rye-grass for sewage fields, with report of experience at Bed- dington; yield, etc.. Vol. XIV., 199. Abstract of argument by, for. Vol. XIV., 56. 134 UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE : Agriculture — [Continued.) "^ English experience in : extract from report of Mass. Drainage Commission ; one illustration (of filtration fields at Luton), Vol. XIII., 251, 297. Forfar, Scotland : profit from application to 26 acres; (note). Vol. VI., 164. Galton, Douglas, C. B., on : notes on results at Bed- ford, Doncaster and Reading, Vol. VI., 561. Hodgson, J. S.: brief notice of paper by, on sewage farms. Vol. XI., 194. Los Angeles, Cal.: distributed by irrigating ditches to several farms (private?). Vol. XV., 522 ; special farm proposed, Vol. XV., 490. Metropolitan Sewage Discharge Commission on. Vol. XL, 373- Paris : letting and selling price of the land ; crops ; receipts per acre, Vol. XIIL, 375. Produce : Artichokes : Paris, Vol. 375. Beets : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447; Paris, Vol. XIIL, 375. Butter : Reading, Eng., Vol. V., 83. Cabbage : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447 ; Paris, Vol. XIIL, 375- Carrots : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447. Celery : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447. Cereals : Beddington, Eng., Vol. XIV., 199 ; Bir- mingham, Vol. XIV., 500. Chickory : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447. Grass : Bunzlau, Vol. VIII. , 418, (ist col.) Ray : Berlin, Vol. VL, 447. Rye : Experiments by Dr. Alfred Carpenter, with report of experience at Beddington, Eng., Vol. XIV., 199. Italian : Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500. 13s UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE : Agriculture : Produce — (Continued. ) Fruit : Berlin, Vol. VI., 447 ; Bunzlau, Vol. VIII., 418. Garden truck : Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500 ; Bunzlau, Vol. VIII., 418. Kohl Rabi : Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500. Mangold crops : Beddington, Vol. XIV., 199 ; Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500 ; Croydon (Norwood farm). Vol. XIV., 80. Milk : Berlin, Vol. VI., 447 ; Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500 ; Reading, Vol. V., 83. Oats : Berlin, Vol. VI., 447. Rape : Berlin, Vol. VI., 447. Swedes : Birmingham, Vol. XIV., 500. Tobacco : Berlin, Vol. VI., 447. Pullman (Ills): Profitable, Vol. IX., 477. Reasons for alleged commercial success; (editorial), Vol. X., 360, (ist col); Vol. XIV., 55. Charles Allen on the same, Vol. XVI., 121. Reading, Eng. : Brief abstract of financial report, Vol. v., 83. Saltley : See Birmingham. Silos : ' Robinson, Prof. Henry, on : brief description, Vol. X., 603. Vawser, Robert, on advantages of, Vol. XII., 211. Sludge : See under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage. Southam, Eng. : brief description of field ; cost. Vol. v., 17. Stock raising : Birmingham : financial exhibit, Vol. XIV., 500. Paris : number of cows. Vol. XIII., 375. Reading (Eng.) : brief financial exhibit. Vol. V., 83. 136 UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE : Agriculture — (Continued^ Stratford-on-Avon : brief description of field, Vol. XIII., i8o. Cess-pools, contents of : Florence (Italy) : method of removal ; storage tanks ; use by farmers, Vol. X., 243- Excreta : (See also Night Soil.) Poudrette : Chemical treatment : Glasgow : after mixture with ashes etc., Vol. XL, 211. Rochdale : new pro- cess to be tried ; old a nuisance and expensive. Vol. VI., 373. Evaporation after treatment with sulphuric acid : Augsburg (Bavaria) : profits. Vol. VII., 394. Birmingham, Vol. X., 193, 504. Value of human : opinion of Bailey Denton and Chalmers Morton, Vol. XV., 570. Metropolitan Sewage Discharge Commission (or Royal Commission of 1882) on profits from, Vol. XL, 350 ; on agriculture. Vol. IX., 373. Native Guano Co., limited : (See also "A B C" Pro- cess under Precipitation under Purification of Sewage): Suit of, against the Sewage Manure Co. for offering for sale as " Native Guano " a manure made from town sewage : indicative of commercial success in this method of utilization. Vol. XIV., 80. Notice of show of produce raised by use of " Native Guano " made from Aylesbury sewage, Vol. VI., 492. Night-soil : D'Urban, Natal : by contract ; conversion into artificial manure ; methods ; cost. Vol. X., 243. Osier-beds : Watford and Withington, Eng., at : (refer- ence only). Vol. XIII. , 63. Profit from : Misleading statements regarding ; case of Pullman ; (editorial), Vol. XIV., 55. Evils of at- 137 UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE : Profit from — (Continued^ tempt to find; (Robert Vawser), Vol. XII., 211. Conclusions of Royal Commission on Pollution of the Thames, Vol. XI., 350. Robinson, Prof. Henry, on the value of sewage ; (quo- tation in editorial on sewage disposal). Vol. XI., 451. Slater, J. W., on : review of treatise by, Vol. XVII., 202. Sludge : See under Precipitation nndox Purification of Sewage. Steam boilers, in ; Pi'oposed by " Local Government Chronicle ;" comments. Vol. X., 580. Actual prac- tice in South Staffordshire ; also for washing cast- ings, Vol. XII., 350. Wool grease : method of saponifying, Vol. XV., 166. VAN VRANKEN'S FLUSH-TANK : See under Tanks under Flushing of Sewers. VAUTHIER, M., on the conditions under which the Waring system might be partially applied to Paris, Vol. VIII., 446. VAWSER, ROBERT, C. E., on disposal of sewage ; evil of seeking a profit in utilization ; silos and ensilage. Vol. XII., 211. VENICE : Description of sewage disposal. Vol. XII., 348. VENTILATION OF CESS-POOLS : Edward S. Phil- brick, on. Vol. v., 388. VENTILATION OF SEWERS : Archimedean extractors used at Liverpool ; (reference only), Vol. VI., 230. Boulnois, H. Percy : reports wanted by, of results of experiments, and facts in connection with the sub- ject, Vol. XVI., 523. 138 VENTILATION OF SEWERS— {Condnued.) Carpenter, Dr. Alfred, on : remarks before the Sanitary Institute, Vol. V., 302. Chimneys, by : Bazalgette, Sir Joseph : result of experiments by, and opinion of. Vol. VI., 166. Brighton (Eng.) : Satisfactory, Vol. VI., 166. Discouraging results of experiments with : extracts from address by Joseph Gordon, Vol. XVII., 38. Editorial criticism of plans proposed by physicians, Vol. VI., 67 ; Vol. XVI., 234. English towns, number of, having sewers so venti- lated, and general results, Vol. VIII, 87 ; Vol. XIII., 182. Comstock & Jefferson's method : claim of patent ; one illustration, Vol. VI., 313. Difficulties of : extract from address by Joseph Gordon; discouraging results from factory chimneys ; editorial comment, Vol. XVII., 38. English towns : tabulated summary of practice in thirty- three, compiled by Alex. J. TurnbuU, Vol. V., supple- ment to No. 3. Abstract of practice in sixty-one cities and boroughs, prepared by Engineer Roun- thwaite, of Sunderland, Vol. VIII., 87. Explosions, by : method described by the " Lancet " ; editorial comment. Vol. XV., 397. Fans, by : advocated by correspondent ; editorial com- ment, Vol. XVII., 121. Furnaces or stoves in houses, by means of : plan pro- posed by the Hamilton (Ont.) " Evening Times " ; editorial criticism, Vol. VII.. 55, 198. Holabird, Gen. S. A., on practical experience with small pipe sewers at San Francisco, Vol. IX., 44. Liverpool (Eng.) : reference to methods and extent. Vol. VI., 230. 139 VENTILATION OF S,^^Y.^S— {Continued.) London : Methods employed : description, with comments by a "Journeyman Plumber," Vol. X., 362. Metropolitan Board of Works : notice of report by committee of, with editorial comments, Vol. XIII., 487. Shafts in chimney breasts and walls of houses, Vol. X., 240 ; Vol. XI., 479, 540. Surface gratings ; complaints of nuisance from ; clo- sure suggested. Vol. V., 512 ; closure of some effected, Vol. XL, 540. Manholes, through : See Surface Gratings, below. Montreal : Letter from Secretary of Board of Health, asking what method would be best for that city, Vol. XVII., 138 ; editorial comment on above ; advice to employ competent engineer, Vol. XVII., 129. Movement of air in Sewers : Chelsea, Mass., (pipe sewers) : observations by W. E. McClintock ; experiments to determine effect on house drain traps, of current caused by flushing. Vol. XVII., 167. Munich : Summary of conclusions arrived at by Df. Rozsahegyi from experiments in sewers of. Vol. V., 384. Continuation of experiments on same sewers on very cold days, by Dr. Soyka ; full abstracts, with comparison of the two series. Vol. VII., 76. Pipe sewers : Chelsea, Mass. : observations by City Engineer ; ef- fect on house drain traps of air currents caused by flushing, Vol. XVII., 167. San Francisco : " Some points from practical ex- perience " at, by Gen. S. B. Holabird, U. S. A., Vol. IX., 44. 140 VENTILATION OF SEWERS— (Continued.) Rain-water down-comers (or leaders), by : Carlisle, Eng., Vol. VIIL, 87. Rawlinson, Sir Robert, provides funds for compilation of information on the subject, Vol. XVI., 326, 515. Rowan, Thomas, method recommended by, in " Disease and Putrescent Air " : criticism of, in review. Vol. XIII., 230. Sandown, Eng.: Report by Prof. Henry Robinson on case of nuisance at, from surface gratings, cited by Mr. John Walter, M. P., and editorial comment (in reply to Mr. Walter — continued from Vol. IV., 554), Vol. v., 9. Shafts attached to houses : Bournemouth, Eng.: (and to trees). Vol. VII., 256. English towns, in twenty-five, Vol. VIII., 87. London ; one illustration, Vol. XI., 479, 540. Shafts in chimney breasts and walls of houses : London, Vol. X., 240 ; Vol. XL, 540. 'Proposed for Brighton by Sir Joseph Bazalgette, Vol. VI., 166 ; editorial criticism. Vol. VI., 161. Shafts in addition to perforated manhole covers : Eng- lish towns in which successful and others in which not effective. Vol. VIIL, 87 ; Vol. XIIL, 87. Shone, Isaac, on : Letter suggested by queries of Mr. John Walter, M. P., Vol. V., 103. Soil pipes, through : (See also Furnaces^ Hering, Rudolph, advocated by, in report on Euro- pean sewerage systems ; editorial criticism. Vol. V. 246. Laws, W. George, advocated by, in paper before Sanitary Institute ; editorial criticism. Vol. VI., 514. Stratford's apparatus for ventilating and purifying ; patent claim ; one illustration. Vol. VI., 333. 141 VENTILATION OF HEWERS— {Continued.) Surface gratings : Chelsea, Mass.: Satisfactory, Vol., XV., 545. London : Complaints of nuisance from ; typhoid fever and throat troubles attributed to this cause by Dr. Sedgwick Saunders ; closure suggested, Vol. v., 522 ; closure of some effected. Vol. XI., 540. Sandown, Eng.: Nuisance caused by: report by Prof. Henry Robinson, showing probable cause of : editorial comment, Vol. V., 9. Wind, by self-acting cowls through shafts on sides of houses : Experiments at Chelsea, Eng., reported by George Richardson Strachan in paper before Inst. C. E., Vol. XIV., 250. Proposed by Robert Parker ; editorial criticism. Vol. V., 180. VENTILATION VS. FLUSHING : Reply to corre- spondent who thinks that " a liberal use of water will pre- vent the generation of sewer-gas," Vol. V., 98. VILLAGES : (See also Small Towns.) Disposal of sewage of : James Bateman on : irrigation, Vol. XV., 342. Sewerage of : Proper method of beginning a movement to secure the (editorial) : Red Bank, N. J., Vol. IX., 239, 328. Plea for the; editorial, Vol. XII., 345. VIRCHOW, Prof. Rudolph : Abstract of paper by, on " Purification of Cities and the Employment of their Impuri- ties," Vol. VIII., 33. WALTER, J., M. P., continuation (from Vol. IV., 555) of editorial reply to, on ventilation of sewers through open gratings in streets. Vol. V., g. WALTHAM, Mass.: Brief notice of proposed disposal plans for. Vol. XIII., 232. 142 WALTHAMSTOW, Eng.: Flushing of sewers : method recommended : gates in main sewers, Vol. VI., 325. Separate system a failure at, Vol. VIII., 252. Sludge pumps ; four illustrations, Vol. XV., 138. WARD'S FLEXIBLE PIPE JOINTS : See under Seiver Construction. WARE, Eng.: Sewage farm at Hoddesdon ; pollution of the river Lea by : report of action therefor ; decision of the court. Vol. XIII., 416. WARING, COL. GEORGE E., JR., C. E.: Baumeister, Prof. R., criticism of paper by. Vol. VII., 583- Binghamton, N. Y.: criticism of adopted plans of Rudolph Hering, Vol. VII., 460, 509. Buffalo, N. Y.: Examination of routes for intercepting sewers ; (note), Vol. VI., 206. Plans submitted to Council ; size and estimated cost, Vol. VI., 373. To prepare specifications. Vol. VI., 398. Engaged as consulting engineer during construction. Vol. VII., 183. Charleston, S. C, plans for sewerage of : rdsum6 of scheme and estimates, ^"ol. IX., 387. Keene, N. H., adopts plans prepared by: brief descrip- tion. Vol. VI., 322. Doubt about completion of the system. Vol. VII., 346. Further descriptions, Vol. VIII, 208 ; Vol. IX., 124. Kingston, Jamaica, report on sewerage of ; (note), Vol. XVI., 296 ; abstract of. Vol. XVI., 327. Manholes, opinion on the omission of numerous, Vol. XIV., 472 (ist col). New York City, on his proposed plan for the drainage of, Vol. v., 10 ; quotation from an article in " Scrib- ner's Monthly" asserting the foul condition of present sewers. Vol. V., 426. 143 WARING, COL. GEORGE E., JR., C. E.— {Continued.) Norfolk, Va. : Description of sewerage works designed by. Vol. VII., 155. Letter from, denying infringe- ment of the West system patents, Vol. XV., 43. Syphon outlet for low district designed by ; descrip- tion ; three illustrations. Vol. XV., 486. Norristown, Pa., Insane Asylum : Large square flush tank used by, in irrigation works ; brief de- scription, Vol. XIII., 160. Patents granted to : Separate system of sewerage : claims of, with con- sideration of that relating to automatic flush tanks, showing what would constitute an infringement ; (editorial). Vol. IX., 546 ; letter from, in reference to above, Vol. IX., 572. Sewering and Draining Towns : brief and claim ; one illustration. Vol. VIII., 2d page of Supple- ment to No. 16. Philadelphia : Sewerage and Drainage : Extracts from report on, for Census Office, Vol. VI., 24. Requested to examine and report suggestions for its improve- ment ; (note). Vol. VI., 180. Washington, D. C. : criticism of his suggestions for the sanitary drainage of. Vol. V., 342. Letter from, re- plying to above criticism. Vol. V., 404. Worcester, Mass.: Plan for purification of sewage of, Vol. v., 498. Notice of letter from, to Massachusetts State Board of Health, taking exception to their criti- cism of his plan. Vol. VI., 29. "WARING SEWERAGE SYSTEM:" Baumeister, Prof. R., on, Vol. VII., 506. De Meijer, Dr. van Overbeek, on, Vol. IX., 236. Dubuque, Iowa : Recommended for adoption by Sew- erage Committee of City Council, Vol. VIII., 231. 144 "WARING SEWERAGE SYSTEM"— (Contmued.) Hering, Rudolph, on, Vol. XVE., 739. Memphis : See Memphis above. New York State Board of Health urges adoption of, for village of Bath ; editorial criticism, Vol. IX., 611. Norfolk, Va.: Description by J. H. Humphreys, Vol. VII., 155. Sub-soil drainage, Vol. VII. 247. Omaha (Xeb.) : City Engineer's report on the opera- tion, A^ol. IX., 547 ; Vol. XV., 687. Paris, to be tried in a section of. Vol. VII., 303. " Note on the conditions under which it might be partially applied to," Vol. VIII., 446. Patent and claim for royalty on : See Patent and Royalty under Separate System. Rawlinson, Sir Robert on. Vol. V., 451; Vol. XVL 737- Rosewater, Andrew, on. Vol. IX., 547 ; Vol. XV., 687. Reference to controversy with Colonel Waring in re- gard to. Vol. XVI., 66. WARRINGTON, PROF. R.: Abstract of paper before British Medical Association on Nitrification, Vol. XI., 105- WARRINGTON, ROBERT, on purification of sewage by irrigation, Vol. V., 498. WASHINGTON (D. C): Drainage : Introduction : Brief history and effect on death-rate. Vol. V., 299. Criticism of plans proposed by Gustavus Karweise and Benjamin Severson, Vol. v., 319. Criticism of District Engineers' plan and suggestions by Col. George E. Waring, Jr., Vol. V., 342 ; letter from Colonel Waring replying to above criticism. Vol. V., 404. General discussion of above mentioned plans, Vol. V., 364. 14s WASHINGTON, D. C— {Continued.) Georgetown, old sewers in : description of construction and present condition, Vol. V., 544. Outlet sewer through old canal : size, length, cost ; (note). Vol. v., 521. Sewerage : Defective condition ; (reference only). Vol. v., 299. Report of Lieutenant Hoxie for 1880-81 ; review. Vol. V., 19 ; report of Capt. R. L. Hoxie for 1882-83 I review; proposed plan of sewer assessment ; pipe sewers in cement. Vol. IX., 191. Sewer Department, establishment of ; appointment of David McComb as engineer. Vol. XV., 463. WATERBURY, Conn. : Plans for sewerage procured from Eliot C. Clarke and Rudolph Hering ; the latter's plans recommended for adoption ; brief description of same. Vol. VI., 423. Description, by F. Floyd Weld, City Engi- neer, of sewers constructed after above plans ; eight illus- trations, Vol. X., 51. Description of receiving and catch basins ; four illustratiojis, Vol. XVI., 151. WATER COURSES, small natural, as sewers : See Brooks. WATER POWER OF SEWAGE, utilization of : Boston Main ' Drainage works ; (temporary). Vol. XII., 148. Cincinnati, (Walnut Hills) : proposed ; (note), Vol. Vn.,539. Salford, Eng.: in purification works. Vol. X., 220. WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC : Construction of sewers before introduction of, held to be unnecessary by Dr. Alfred Carpenter; editorial criticism. Vol. XVI., 199. Proposed introduction of water in streets not sewered, in Cincinnati ; editorial criticism, Vol. VI., 519. WATFORD, Eng : Irrigation on horizontal terraces, and osier beds ; (note). Vol. XIII., 63. 146 WEDNESBURY, Eng.: Scheme by local authorities to unite four districts in South Staffordshire in one system and purify the sewage; (note), Vol. VII., 221. WEIRS : for storm-water overflow. See Storm-water Overflow under Sewer Construction ; for purifying sewage by aeration, see under Aeration under Purification of Sewage. WELLS : " Drying up " or loss of water from, by sewer construction : See Soil Drainage under Sewer Construction. WEST SEWERAGE SYSTEM : See under Norfolk. WEST TROY, N. Y.: Opposition to proposed sewerage system, Vol. XI., 378. Appointment of Commissioners of Sewers, Vol. XIII., 473. WHITLOCK, F. H., C. E., on sewer assessments, Vol XIV., 105. WICHITA, Kan.: Sewerage plans by Rosewater and Christie ; brief description. Vol. XVII., 302. WILLIAMS, BENEZETTE, C. E.: Chicago Drainage and Water Supply Commission, ap- pointed Consulting Engineer on. Vol. XIV., 424. Pullman, 111.: Brief description by, of sewerage works of. Vol. VI., 206. Separate vs. combined system, on : abstract of paper before Western Society of Engineers, Vol. XL, 413 ; ■letter replying to Rudolph Hering's criticism on the above, Vol. XL, 460. WILLOW TREES ON SEWAGE FARMS : Bowden, Eng., about to be tried at ; 8 acres. Vol. XL, 328. WILMINGTON, Del.: Defective condition of sewers; (reference in review of Board of Health report), Vol. V., 541. Rudolph Hering employed to report on sewerage sys- tem. Vol. VII., 202 ; objection by a citizen to said employ- ment on ground of Mr. Hering's non-residency and non- approval of leaching cess-pools, Vol. VII., 370. 147 WINNIPEG, Manitoba : Steps toward securing a sew- erage system, Vol. V., 159. WITHINGTON, Eng.: Filtration and osier beds; cost of preparation per acre, etc.; (note), Vol. XIII., 63. WOODEN SEWERS : See under Sewer Construction. WOOL GREASE : See under Utilization of Sewage. WORCESTER, MASS.: Asylum for the insane at : Irrigation disposal at, quoted as good illustration of how near habitation that method may be used without offense. Vol. V., 426. Disposal of city's sewage : Controversy over pollution of Blackstone River and means of preventing ; State Board of Health Commission nearly ready to report ; city preparing to oppose any plan involving large ex- pense, Vol. V., 13. Legislative hearing on bill to restrain the city from further pollution : abstract of report of evidence and arguments ; editorial comment on the proposed bill ; plan of purification recommended by Col. George E. Waring, Jr.; plan proposed by State Board of Health Commission ; editorial comment on another bill. Vol. V., 498. The case again before the Legislature ; (note). Vol. IX., 503. Consideration by the State Drainage Commission, Vol. X., 432, 487. Precipitation recommended by City Engineer Allen, Vol. XV., 551 ; Vol. XVI., 121. WORTHEN, WILLIAM E., C. E. : Abstract of report by, in conjunction with Stevenson Towle, on E. W. Bowditch's plans for sewerage of Bar Harbor, Me.; one illustration, Vol. XV., 261. YONKERS, N. Y.: Sewerage question : Offensive con- dition of sewers. complained of. Vol. V., 108. Discussion at public hearing by State Board of Health, Vol. VI., 262. Causes of delay in constructing sewers, Vol. VII., 56. Recommendation of Board of Health that the question be 148 YONKERS, N. Y.—I^Coniinued.) referred to the people to decide by ballot ; editorial criti- cism, Vol. VII., 322. Decision of Aldermen not to submit to popular vote but to give public hearing, Vol. VII., 371. Board of Health urges immediate action. Vol. VIII, , 135. Plans approved by Common Council and bids received but Aldermen refuse to award contract, Vol. IX., 239. Continued delay; editorial comment. Vol. XII., 187. Necessity for sewer construction argued by the " Statesman ;" (note). Vol. XII., 248. Advocacy of sewers by the "Gazette," Vol. XII., 308. YORK, Eng.: Defective condition of sewers, Vol. XII., 213. Prizes offered for best scheme of sewerage ; (note), Vol. XIII., 32. 149 The Engineering and Building Record, estab- lished in 1877 by its present proprietor and editor, has devoted itself to Municipal and Domestic Engineer- ing and the work closely related to the former, of Improving Rivers and Harbors, while it makes brief reference to progress in other branches. To the en- gineer interested in River and Harbor Improvements, in Docks, in Bridges and Metal construction, in Sewerage, Water-Supply, Pavements, Public Light- ing and City Railwa)rs, both surface and elevated, and to the architect interested in the problems of Building Construction, Plumbing, Drainage, Heat- ing, Lighting, Ventilation, Elevator and Pneumatic service, this journal should be indispensable. 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The rate is 20 cents per line (about S words to the line). THE tNGINEERING & BUILDING RECORD, Prior to 1887, The Sanitasv Engineer. DEVOTED TO ENGIN. ERmG, ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION AND SANITATION. MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING A PROMINENT FEATURE. PUBLISHED SATURDAYS AT NO. 277 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK $4 per year. lo cents per copy. Sold aU new.sdealer.s> Some Details of IVater-lVorks Construction. By W. R. BILLINGS, Superintendent of Water-Works at Taunton, Mass. With Illustrations from Sketches by the Author. Introductory Note. Some questions addressed to the Editor of The Engineering ana Building Record and The Sanitary Engineer by persons in the employ of new water-works indicated that a short series of practical articles on the Details of Constructing a Water- Works Plant would be of value ; and, at the suggestion of the Editor, the preparation of these papers was undertaken for the columns of that journal. The task has been an easy and agreeable one, and now, in a more convenient form than is afforded by the columns of the paper, these notes of actual experience are offered to the water-works fraternity, with the belief that they may be of assistance to beginners and of some interest to all. Table of Contents. ChapterI.— MAIN PIPES— Chapter IV. — PIPE-LAYING AND Materials— Cast- Iron- Cement-Lined JOINT-MAKING— Wrought Iron- Salt-Glazed Clay— Laying Cement-Lined Pipe— " Mud " Thickness of Sheet Metal— iMethods of Bell and Spigot — Yarn — Lead — Lining— List of Tools- ool-Box - Jointers— Roll— Calking— Strength of Derrick- Calking fools— Furnace— Joints— Quantity of Lead. Transportation — Handling Pipe — Cost of Carting— Distributing Pipe. Chapter V.— HYDRANTS, GATES Chapter II.— FIELD WORK— AND SPECIALS — Engineering or None — Pipe Plans — Special Pipe— Laying out a Line— Chapter VI —SERVICE PIPES— Width and Depth of rench--Time- Definition - Materials -Lead vs. Keeping Book-Disposition of Dirt- Wrought Iron -Tapping Mains for Tunnehng-Sheet Pilmg. Services-Different Joints- Compres- Chapter III.— TRENCHING AND sion Union— Cup. PIPE-LAYING- Caving - Tunneling - Bell-Holes - ^^tl7^\7Ji--^^^ R V I C E-P I P E S Stony Trenches— Feathers and Wedges AN D Mt 1 LKS— — Blasting — Rocks and Water — Wiped Joints and Cup-Joints— The Laying Cast-iron Pipe— Derrick Gang Lawrence Air-Pump— Wire-drawn Sol- — Handling the Derrick— Skids— Ob- der— Weight of Lead Service-Pipe— structions Left in Pipes — Laying Pipe Tapping Wrought-Iron Mains — Ser- in Quicksand— Cutting Pipe. vice-Boxes — Meters. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH. Sent (post-paid) on receipt of $2.00. Address, Book Department, The Engineering and Building Record, 277 Pearl Street, New York. /^ OMMITTEES intrusted with the erection of PubUc Buildings or ^~^ the Construction of any Engineering Works, should advertise for proposals in Tke Engineering and Bvilding Record. They will reach Contractors in every State and Territory, likewise in Canada. The advantage of competition thus secured is obvious. /CONTRACTORS for Municipal and Government Work ^-^ and Manufacturers of Engineering and Building Supplies will find every week in the Proposal advertisements and Contracting News columns of THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD important items indicating the wants of U. S, Govern- ment, Municipal Authorities, Water Companies, and Building Committees of Public Buildings. Information will be found there each week not elsewhere published. WATER-WASTE PREVENTION: Its Importance and the Evils Due to its Neglect. With an account of the Methods adoptcJ i:i various Cities in Great Britain and the United States. By HENRY C, MEYER, Editor of the The Engineering & Building Record. With an Appendix. Extract from Preface. During the summer of 1882 the Editor of The Sanitary Engineer carefully investigated the methods employed in various cities in Great Britain for curtailing the waste of v/atcr without subjecting the respective communities to either inconvenience or a limited allowance. The results of this ii.vcSiLl^a- tion appeared in a series of r.rticlcs entitled " ^'.cw York's \VaUr-i:^pp:r," the purpose being to picsent to the readers of The Sanitaky Engineer such facts as v/ould stimulate pubiic sentiment in support of the enforcement of measures tending to prevent the excessive waste of water so prevalent in American cities, and especially the c:ty of New York, v,-'.ich was then sm'fer:ng*froni a short supply Numerous requests for inforrnaticn, together with the recent popular agitation in connection w^th a proposition to increase the powers of the Water Department of New York Ciry with a vifw to snablin'^ it to restrict the waste of water, have sus;3^2Gted the deiiirabiuty of reprinting these articles in a niore convenient and accessible form, with data giving the results of efforts in this direction in Americaa cities since ihe articles f.rst appeared, so far as they have c -me to the author's notici' Table of Contents : CHAPTER I.— CoN'DrnoN of New York*s WATEU-SupfLV. — Mr. Thomas Hawksley on Advantages of Waste-Prevention ; Condition of Water-riupply in England Thirty Years Ago; l^Ieans Adopted to Prevent Waste in Great Uritam; iN'orwich the First City m Eng- land to Adopt Measures of Prevention ; Lon- don : tie Practice There. CHAPTER II. - Glasgow.— District Meters Trif^d as an Experiment; Results of Experi- ments ; Prevalence of Defective Fittings ; Testing and Stamping of Fittings; RijJes Governing P'nmbers' Work. CHAPTER in .- Manchester.— History of Waste-Prevention Measures ; Methods of House-to-Hou^e Inspection ; Dnries of In- spectors; Methods of Testing and Stamping Fittmas. CHAPTER TV.— Liverpool. — Change from Intermittent to Constant Supply ; Method of Ascertaining Locality of Waste by Use of District Meters ; Method of House Inspec- tion ; Method uf Testing; Fittings. CHAPTER V. — Providence and Cincinnati. — Review of Measures to I'revcnt WatT- Waste in the United States prior to 1882; Providence, R. I.: Results following the Gen- eral Use of Meters ; Cincinnati: Methods of House Inspection with the Aid of the Water- phone ; Results Attained. CH A PTER VL— New York.— Measures Adopt- ed by the Department of Public Works prior to 1882. CHAPTER VII.— General Conclu-sions.— Points to be considered in Adopting Measures for Large Cities. APPENDIX.— Points SUGGESTED is the Con- sideration OF VARIOUS MetH'-'DS. — Water- Waste Prevention in Boston in 1883 and 1884. ; Results Attained ; Waste- Prevention m New York City; Liverpool Corporation Water- Works Regulations ; Glasgow Corporation Water-Works Regulations ; Description of Standard pittines; I'enalties for Violations ; Cistern e/j. Vaive-Supply to Water-Closets m New York City ; New York Board of H^aStli Vycjr Illations concerning Waier-Sup- ply to Water-Closcts; Letters from Water- Works Authorities sustaining the action of the New York Board of Health in Requiring Cistern-Supply to Water-Closets; Extracts from Report of Boston City Engineer on Wasteful Water-Closets; Proposed Wacer- Rates on Water-Closets in New York ; Reso- lutions of the New York Board of Health endorsing the proposed Water-Rates for Water-Closets; Excerpts from Articles ex- plaining Methods of Arranging Water-Supply to Water-Closets to secure the Minimum Water-Rate in New York (with iUustrations). Large %vo. Bound in Cloth^ $ .,00. *t* Sent post paid on receipt of price. Address, Book Department, THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD, No. 277 Pearl Street, New York. WATER-WASTE PREVENTION. By HENRY C. MEYER, Editor o£ the The Engineering & Building Record. PRESS COMMENTS. " Mr. Meyer is competent authority; to speak on a subject of very great importance in ali cities and one reg:arded with too much apathy by the pubhc. Furthermore he has given the matter special study, and the facts detailed are the re- sults ot* investigation. * * * His suggestions are eminently practicable and sensible, and should commend themselves to the judgment of every one interested in the subject.' — Troy Titnes, " The economies of this subject deserve the steady attention of tax-payers and municipal officers. It should be borne m mind that waste of water is more than prodigal. It is dangerous to the safety of a city.'' — Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, *' The autnor of this timely boo't is particularly adapted to deal with the questions he discusses. iJut few have given the subject so much atten- tion, and no one could treat it moie impartially. He is not only intimately acquainted with the water-supply of American cities, but has per- sonally investigated the plans adopted for cur- tailing water-waste in various cities in Great Britain, the results of these investigations ap- pearing in this work. " As our cities increase m population, and new cities spring up, the demand for more water cor- respondmtjiy increases. At the same time the water-supply is diminishing, and that which would otherwise be available is rendered i^fit for use by the contamination of sewage and the refuse of manufactories. It is conceded that the inhabitants of a city shou"d be supplied with all the water they can use. It is not with the use^ but with the "waste of water that the author deals. " No patented appliances are recommended, but such simple means as are free to all. We recommend the careful reading of this little book to every resident of a city who is interested in Its water-supply, and particularly to those who, by virtue of vested authority, have to some extent the matter of water-waste prevention in their hands." — A m-ertcan, Machinist. ** A valuable work, which really aflects every urban resident. * * * There is not a city in the world in which the rate-payers are not taxed unnecessarily to pay for pumping water which runs to waste, and any work throwing light upon this problem, without subjecting the community as a whole to inconvenience, must be a valuable treatise." — Ottawa Daily Fress. # " A little work whose worth cannot be justly estimated. * * * It presents an interesting subject for examination and reflection to every citizen." — Houston Post. '* A work that should be read and studied by every one," — Savannah News. " Though small in size it is a work which repre- sents a good deal of solid work. With the amount of information which it contains it ought to prove of no small use to the city governments of the country. It is a vade jnecuvi for water com- missioners, and will be a valuable little text-book for every water board in America. Briefly, Mr. Meyer's object is to show by a comparison be- tween the systems and results in different cities in ^America and England how much money is an- nually wasted in the shape of water in our larger cities for the wane of proper precautions and how those precautions had best be taken. * * * Mr, Meyer's book is well got up, his arguments con- cisely stated, and his facts and figures well tabu- lated and arranged, the result being the produc- tion of a work which carries conviction with it, and which ought to be of no small value to the larger cities of the countiy in the future. — Min~ neapolis Tribune. '* I his volume is a most seasonable contribution to hydraulic and economic liteiature. Its author has personally and carefully investigated the problem from a practical standpoint in both Eng- land and America, and speaks-with authority and backs his statements by official figures. " The work treats generally of the condition of the water-supply of New York, and the methods tested or adopted for the prevention of waste in Glasgow, Manchester, and Liverpool, and in our own cities of Providence, Cincinnati, Boston, and New York. The data are derived from the most authoritative sources, and presented in a shape that must curry conviction with it ^^—Engineer- ing JVeius. '* Once get a property-own^r convinced of the evils of water-waste, and this book will tell him all he wants to know about preventing it." — Philadelphia Bulletin, " One of the best and most useful publications now before the public. * * * A copy of this timely publication ought to be in the hands of all water company and city officials and plumbers, and even water consumers might read it with profit."— Memphis Appeal. "It is worthy of close attention. Mr. Meyer disclosRS the true spirit of the disinterested inves- tigator."- -//i3;r//i7rflf Evening Post. '* As a brief, concise treatise upon this subject the work is of the utmost value, the author mak- ing no unproven assertions, but bringing the sys- tems and experiences of other cities to illustrate and enforce his statements. In giving this book to the pubhc the author is deserving of praise as a true and practical economist, whope efforts will be appreciated by thinking men, if not by the publifc at large.^^-Inland A rchitect and Builder^ Svcf.t boundin cloth, $i.oo. Sent post-paid on receipt of price. Address, BOOK DEPARTMENT, THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD. P. O. Box, 3037. No. 277 Pearl Street, New York, Obtainable at London Office, 92 and 93 Fleet Street, for ^r. SECOND EDITION. Plumbing and House-Drainage Problems ; Questions, Answers, and Descriptions from The Sanitary Engineer. With 142 1 lltistrations, [From the Preface.] ' * A feature of THE Sanitary Engineer is its replies to questions on topics that come within its scope, included in which are Water-Supply, Sewage Disposal, Ventila- tion, Heating, Lighting, House-Drainage, and Plumbing. Repeated inquiries con- cerning matters often explained in its columns suggested the desirability of putting in a convenient form for reference a selection from its pages of questions and comments on various problems met with in house-drainage and plumbing, improper work being illustrated and explained as well as correct methods. It is therefore hoped that this book will be useful to those interested in this branch of sanitary engineering." Table of Contents : DANGEROUS BLUNDERS IN PLUMBING. Running Vent-Pipe m Improper Places — Con- necting boii-Pipes with Chimaey-Flues — By- Passes in Trap-Ventilation, etc. Illustrated, A Case of Reckless Botching. Illustrated. A Stupid Multiplication o f '1 raps. Illtestrated. Plumbing Blunders in a Gentleman's Country House . Illustrated. A Trap Made Useless by Improper Adjustment of Inlet and Outlet Pipes. Illustrated. Unreliability of Heated Flue as a Substitute for Proper Trapping. Illustrated. Need of Plans in Doing Plumbing-Work. HOUSE-DRAINAGE. City and Country House-Drainage — Removal of Ground-Water from Houses— Trap- Ventila- tion — Fresh-Air Inlets — Drain-Ventilation by Heated Flues — Laying of Stoneware Drains, Requirements for the Drainage of Every House. Drainage of a Saratoga House. Illustrated, Ground-Water Drainage of a Country- House. Illustrated. Ground- Water Drainage of a City House. II- lustrated. Fresh -Air Inlets. The Location of Fresh-Air Inlets in Cities. Illustrated. Fresh-Air Inlets. Illustrated. Air-Inlets on Draitis. The Proper Way to Lay Stoneware Drains. Risks Attending the Omission of Traps and Re- lying on Drain- Ventilation by Flues. Illustrated. The Tightness of Tile-Diains Danger of Soil-Pipe Terminals Freezing unless !Ends are without Hoods or Cowls. Objection to Connecting Bath-Waste with Water-Closet Trap. How to Adjust the Inlets and Outlets of Traps. Illustrated. How to Protect Trap when Soil-Pipe is used as a Leader. Size of Ventilating-Pipes for Traps. How to Prevent Condensation Filling Vent- Pipes. Ventilating Soil-Pipes. How to Prevent Accidental Discharge into Trap Vent-Pipe. Why Traps should be Vented. MISCELLANEOUS. Syphoning Water through a Bath-Supply. Illustrated. Emptying a Trap by Capillary Attraction. Il- lustrated. As to Safety of Stop-Cocks on Hot Water Pipes. How to Burnish Wiped Joints. Admission to the New York Trade Schools. Irregular Water Supply. Illustrated. Hot Water from the Cold Faucet, and how to Prevent it. Illustrated. Disposal of Bath and Basin Waste Water. To Prevent Corrosion of Tank Lining. Number of Water Closets Required in a Fac- tory. ' Size of Basin Wastes and Outlets. Tar Coated Water Pipe Affect Taste of Water. How to Deal with Pollution of Cellar Floors. How to Heat a Bathing Pool. Objections to Galvanized Sheet Iron Soil Pipe, To Prevent Rust in a Suction Pipe, Automatic Shut Off for Gas Pumping Engines when Tank is Full. Illustrated. Paint to Protect Tank Linings. Vacuum Valves not always Reliable. Size of Water Pipes in a House. How to Make Rust Joints. Covering for Water Pipes. Size of Soil Pipe for an ordinary City House. How to Construct a Sunken Reservoir to Hold Two Thousand Gallons. Where to Place Burners to Ventilate Flues by Gas Jets. Illustrated. How to Prevent Water Hammer. Why a Hydraulic Ram does not Work. Air in Water Pipes. Proper Size of Water Closet Outlets. Is a Cement Floor Impervious to Air? Two Traps to a Water Closet Objectionable. Connecting Bath Wastes to Water Closet Traps. Illustrated. Objections to Leaching Cesspool and need of Fresh Air Inlet. The Theory of the Action of Field's Syphon. How to Disinfpct a Cesspool. Drainage into Cesspools. Slabs for Pantry Sinks— Wood vs. Marbie- Test for Well Pollution. Cesspool for Privy Vault. PLUMBING AND HOUSE-DRAINAGE PROBLEMS. Corrosion of Lead Lining. Size of Flush Tank to deal with Sewage of a Small Hospital. Details of the Construction of a House-Tank. niustraied. The Construction of a Cistern under a House. To Protect Lead Lining of a Tank, and Cause of Sweating. Stains on Marble. Lightning Strikes Soil Pipes. Will the Contents of a Cesspool Freeze ? Bad Tast'ng Water from a Coil. Illustrated. How to Fit Sheet Lead in a Large Tank. Why Water is " Milky " When First Drawn. Matjisrial for Water Service Pipes. Carving Tables. Illustrated. Is Galvanized Pipe Dangerous for Soft Spring Water. How to Arrange Hush Pipes in Cisterns to Pre- vent Syphoning Water Through Ball Cock. Depth of Foundations to Prevent Dampness of Site. Where to Place a Tank to get Good Discharge at Faucet. Self Acting Water Closets. Illustrated. Wind Disturbing Seal of Trap. How to Draw Water from a Deep Well. Cause of Smell of Well Water. Absorption of Light by Gas Globes. Defective Drainage. Illustrated. fitting Basins to Marble Slabs. Illustrated. Intermediate Tanks for the Water Supply of High Buildings. Illustrated. How to Construct a Filtering Cistern. Illus- trated. Objections to Running Ventilating Pipe Into Chimney-Flue. Size of Water Supply Pipe for Dwelling House. Faulty Plan of a Cesspool. Illustrated. Connecting Re&ige^tor Wast^ with Drains, Illustrated, Disposing of Refrigerator Wastes. Illustrated. Pumping Air From Water Closet into Tea Kettle as Result of Direct Supply to Water Closets. Illustrated. Danger in Connecting Tank Overflows with Soil Pipes. Arrangement of Safe Wastes. Illustrated. The kind of Men Who do not Like the Sani- tary Engineer What is Reasonable Plumbers' Profit. HOT WATER CIRCULATION IN BUILD- INGS. Bath Boilers. Illustrated. Setting Horizontal Boilers. Illustrated. How to Secure Circulation Between Boilers in Differen t Houses. Illustrated. Connecting One Boiler with Two Ranges. Illustrated. Taking Return Below Boiler. Illustrated. Trouble with Boiler. An Ignorant Way of Dealing with a Kitchen Boiler. Illustrated. Returning into Hot Water Supply Pipe. Illus- trated. Where should Sediment Pipe from Boiler be connected with Waste-Pipe ? Several Flow Pipes and one Circulation Pipe. Illustrated. How to Run Pipesfrom Water Back to Boiler. Illustrated. Hot Water Circulation when Pipes from Boiler pass under the Floor. Illustrated. Heating a Room from Water Back. The Operation of Vacuum and Safety Valves. Illustrated, Preventing Collapse of Boilers. CoDapse of a Boiler. Illustrated. Explosion of Water Backs. A Proposed Precaution against Water Back Explosions. Illustrated. The Bursting of Kitchen Boilers and Connect- ing Pipes, Illustrated. Giving out of Lead Vent Pipes from Boilers in an Apartment House. Illustrated. Connecting a Kitchen Boiler with One or More Water Backs. Illustrated. New Method of Heating Two Boilers by One Water Back. Illustrated. Plan of Horizontal Hot Water Boiler. Illus- trated. HOT WATER SUPPLY IN VARIOUS BUILDINGS. Kitchen and Hot Water Supply in the Resi- dence of Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, New York. Illustrated. Kitchen and Hot Water Supply in the Resi- dence of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, New York. Illustrated. Kitchen and Hot Water Supply in the Resi- dence of Mr. Henry G. Marquand, New York. Illustrated. Kitchen and Hot Water Supply in the Resi- dence of Mr. A. J. White. Illustrated. Hot Water Supply in an Office Building. Illus- trated. Kitchen and Hot Water Supply in the Resi- dence of Mr. Sidney Webster. Illustrated. Plumbing and Water Supply in the Residence of Mr. H. H. Cook. Illustrated. Large 8vo. cloth ^ $2.00. Address, Book Department, THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD, No. 277 Pearl Street, New York, A COLLECTION OF DIAGRAMS Representing the General Plan of Twenty-Six Different Water-Works, Contributed by Members of the NEW ENGLAND WATER-WORKS ASSOCIATION, And Compiled by a Committee. 1887. INTRODUCTION. Office of Secretary, New Bedford, Mass., November 1, 1887. THIS collection of diagrams is the result of the persistent efforts of Messrs. William B. Sherman, of Providence, R. I., and Walter H. Richards, of New London, Conn., who, as a Committee on Exchange of Sketches, have secured these drawings from members of the Association. The following extract from a report presented by these gentlemen at the Manchester, N. H., meeting in June, 1887, will explain in part the origin of the collection : ' ' In answer to circular letters sent out to members, there were received rough sketches of general plans of twenty-three water-works represented in the Association. Having this data on hand, though crude in many particu- lars, it was decided to put the same into available shape for the benefit of the members. This has been accomplished by the Committee without cost to the Association. From these rough sketches — revised, reduced to uniform size of 10 by 15 inches — a set of tracings has been made, and a sample folio of blue prints prepared. This f oho and set of tracings are herewith presented as forming the main part of this report." Since the Manchester meeting three more subjects have been received and subscriptions for sets of reproductions from the tracings have been called for. The ready response to the call is evideni;e of the value of the Committee's work, and arrangements were made with The Engineering &• Building Record for publication in this present form. R. C. P. COGGESHALL, Secretary, New England Water-Works Association. Published by The Engineering & Building Record. Plate I.— Boston, Mass^ Plate XIV.— New Bedford, Mass. -New London, Conn. —New Orleans, La. -Pawtucket, R. I. —Plymouth, Mass. — Quincy, Mass. !.— Spencer, Mass. -Springfield, Mass. —Taunton, Mass. [. — Waterbury, Conn. —Wilmington, N. C. — Woonsocket, R. I. -Worcester, Mass. Address, BOOK DEPARTMENT, THE ENGINEERING & BUILDING RECORD, P. O. Box 3037. No. 277 Pearl Street, New York. INDEX. I.— Boston, Mass. Plate XIV.- II.— Burlington, Vt. XV.- III. — Cambridge, Mass. XVI.- IV.— Fall River, Mass. XVII.- v.— Fitchburg, Mass. " XVIII. VI.— Knoxville, Tenn. XIX. VII. — Lawrence, Mass. XX. VIII.— Manchester, N. H. XXI. IX.— Meriden, Conn. XXII. X. — Middletown, Conn. " XXIII. XI.— Milford, Mass. " XXIV. XII.— Nantucket, Mass. XXV. XIII.— Natick, Mass. " XXVI. BUILDERS* AND CONTRACTORS' ENGINEERING AND PLANT. Now appearing in The Engineering and Building Record. I.— Iniroduction. Issue of Novrmber «», i886. II., III., IV,— Kmition of the Towcts of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City, Seven Illustrations. Issues of December 4. 11, and 18, 1886. V. — Improvements m Dredging: Machinery. Thirteen Illustrations. Issue of December as. 1S86. VI.— Dumptnsr-Scows, Thirteen Illustrations. Issue of January i, iJ-S?, Vll.. VIU.IX., X,. XI.— The Fquitable Building in New York C.tv. Thirtctn Illustrations. Issues 01 January 8. aa, ag, February Siind la, 1887. XH. — Carsou*^ Trench Machine. Four illustrations. Issue of Pcbru&rv 10, 1887. Xm.— Raising the Old Court-House in Boston. Three Illustrations. Is^ue oi March 5, 1SS7. XlV,— Crain*s Steam Pile^Hammer, Ku-e Illustra- tions. Issue of March 12, 1887. XV.— The Equitable Buildins, New York City. Three Illustration^, ^peclal Hoistin.cf Sn^ine acd Der- rick. Issue o( March a6, 1887. XVI. --The Equitable Bmldinn. New York City. One Iltustr.ition. Shoring ot CoUmui. Issuf of April XVn.— BricUe-Eivctinit and HoisrinR-Encrine used , on the Suburban Mcx-atcd Railw-ay. New Vork C'tv. Three Illustriitions. Issu^ of Apnl 30> iS57, XVUl. — Traveler for Ertcting Columns and Trans- verse GurUers, K.inj;s County Ele\-ated Railway, Urvxiklyn. N. V. Kour Tllustratioiis. Issue ot Tunc 4, 1SS7. XIX.— E.\ca\-atiuj! Apparatus used on the Tancar- viUc Caual and ^cwer. Havre, Krance. Three Il- lustrations, Ia?ik- of July 9, TS87. XX. — Tipple Cars, on the New Cn^uni Aqueduct. Six Illustrations. U-^sne of Au\:usi i^, 1887. XXI . — Dernck, Khm; BIock and Shcavts at Shaft 14 on the Nfw Cioton Aqueduct. Two Illustrations. ltrations. Issue of November ^, 1SS7. XX\ — I.tridi;e Erection, No. 7, Sup- fortof Segments, Fic.d Rivt'tmg, etc. Illustrated, ssue of September i, tS88. XLV 11.— Head- House on New Croton Aqueduct at Shafts Nos. I. a. Illustrated. Issue of Septem- ber 8, iSSS. XUVUI.— l.cver Truck for Handling Bridge Mate- rial. lUustntttd. Issue of September 15, 18S6. XLIX. — Hismsrcfc Uridge, Erecting Tiaveier. Illus- trated. Issue of November ^, 1888. L. — Details of Head House, Kew Croton Aqueduct. Illustrated. Issue of November 17, 188S. LI. — Suspended Tipple tor l)umpin>; Carson the New Croton Aqueduct, X. V. Illustrated. Issue of December 15, 188S. LII.— A Viaduct Erecting Traveler. Illustrated. Issue of December aa, 1S88. Llll.— Rop-s and tackle. Illustrated. Issue of De- cember 99, 1888, LI^^ — Power used for Operating Plant on the New Croton .A.queduct. Issui; of January 19. iS8q. LV.— Sptciiil Methods of Handlny Material on the New Croton Aqu duct. Issue of February 16, iSSq. LVl.Kaiiwav Bridge Erection in Pern. Part I. The Erection of a aoo-foot Span. Illustrated. Issue of February as, iSSq. LVII. — Railroad Kridjir Erection in Peru, The Erection of n iC5-foot Span, Illustrated. Issue of March a, iSSi). LVIII.- Erection of Omaha Bridsre. Part 1. General Description and Erecting Trax-elers, Issue of .March q» 1889. LIX.— Erection ot Omaha Bridge. No. II False Work in Channel Span. Illustrated. Issue of March 16, 18S9, LX.— Building the Centre Pier of Railway Draw- bridco. Itlnstrated. Issue of March :;^. iSSo. LXl.— The Sugar River Bndge Erection, false \Vork. Illustrated, Issue of March 30, 1889. LX II. -Erection of Canadian Pacific Railway Depot, Montreal, P. Q. Illustrated. Issue of April 37, iSSo. LXin.— Frection of a Plate Girder Bridge. Illus- trated. Issue of May 18. iSS>3. LXIV.— The Boylston Street Bridge, Boston, Mass. IltosCr7>ted. Issue of lune 8, 1889 LXV.— I'he Boylston Street Bridge (Continued). Illustrated. Issue o' Tune aa, 1S89. LXVI, — Erection of Har\'.in.i Bridge, Boston Mass. Illustrated. Issue of June 29, T8S9. Nos. I. to XVII. only obtained in Vol. XV. of The fiNGINBBRtNG AND BUILHING RbCORD. PricC $3.00. The Engineering & Building Record, 277 Pearl Street, New York, NOW READY! PRICE, $3.00. POSTAGE PAID. Steam-Heating Problems; OR, Questions, Answers, and Descriptions RELATING TO Steam- Heating and Steam-Fitting, FROM THE SANITARY ENGINEER. IVitA One Hundred and Nine Illustrations, PREFACE. The Sanitary Engineer, while devoted to Engineering. Architecture, Con- struction, and Sanitation, has always made a special feature of its departments of Steam and Hot- Water Heating, in which a great variety of questions have been answered and descriptions of the work in various buildings have been given. The favor with which a recent publication from this office, entitled "Plumbing and House- Drainage Problems, "has been received suggested the publication of " SteAM-Heating Problems," which, though dealing with another branch of industry, is similar in character. It consists of a selection from the pages of the The Sanitary Engineer of questions and answers, besides comments on various problems met with in the design- ing and construction of steam-heating apparatus, and descriptions of steam-heating work in notable buildings. It is hoped that this book will prove useful to those who design, construct, and have the charge of steam-heating apparatus. CONTENTS : BOILERS. On blowing o£E and filling boilers. Where a test-gauge should be applied to a boiler. Domes on boilers : whether they are necessary or not. Expansion of water in boilers. Cast vs. wrought iron for nozzles and magazines of house-heatmg boilers. Pipe-coDnectioQS to boilers. Passing boiler-pipes through walls ; how to pre- vent breakage by settlement. Suffocation of workmen in boilers. Heating-boilers. (A problem.) A detachable boiler-lug. Isolating- valve for steam-main of boilers. On the effect of oil in boilers. Iron rivets and steel boiler-plates. Proportions for rivets for boiler-plates. Is there any danger in using water continuously in boilers ? Accident with connected boilers. A supposed case of charrmg wood by steam-pipes. Domestic boilers warmed by steam. VALUE OF HEATING-SURFACES. Computing the amount of radiator-surface for warming buildings by hot water. Calculating the radiating-surface for heating buildings— the saving of double-glazed win- dows. Amount of heating-surface required in hot-water apparatus boilers and in steam-apparatus boilers. Calculating the amount of radiating-surface for a given room. How much heating-surface will a steam-pipe of given size supply ? Coils z/f. radiators and size of boiler to heat a given building. Calculating the amount of heating-surface. Computing the cost of steam for warming, RADIATORS AND HEATERS. A woman's method of regulating a radiator (cov- ering it with a cosey|. Improper position of radiator-valves. Hot-water radiator for private houses. Remedsring air-binding of box-coils. How to use a stove as a hot-water heater. ** Plane" vs, "Plain" as a term as applied to out- side surface of radiators. Relative value of pipe on cast-iron heating sur- face. Relative value of pipe on steam-coils. STEAM-HEATING PROBLEMS. Warming churches (plan of placing a coil in each pew I, Warming churches. PIPE AND FITTING. Steam-heat'Dg work— good and indifferent. Piping adjacent buildings: pumps vs. steam- traps. True diameters and weights of standard pipes. Fxpansion of pipes of various metals. Expansion of steam-pipes. Advantages claimed for overhead piping. Position of valves on steara-nser connection. Cause of noise in steam-pipes. One-pipe system of steam-heating. How to heat several adjacent buildings with a single apparatus. Patents on Mills' system of steam-heating. Air-binding in return steam-pipes. Air-bindmg in return steam-pipes, and methods to overcome it. VENTILATION. Size of registers to heat certain rooms. Determining the size of hot-air flues, Wiudow ventilation. Removing vapor from dye-house. Ventilation of Cunard steamer "Umbria." Calculating sizes of flues and registers. On methods of removing air from between ceiling and roof of a church. STEAM. Economy of using exhaust steani for heat- ing. Heat of steam for different conditions. Superheating steam by the use of coils. Effect of using a small pipe for exhaust steam- heating. Explosion of a steam-table. CUTTING NIPPLES AND BENDING PIPES. Cutting large nipples— large in diameter and short in length. Cutting crooked threads. Cutting a close nipple out of a coupling afteff a thread is cut. Bending pipe. C'ltting large nipples. Cutting various sizes of thread with a solid die. RAISING WATER AUTOMATICALLY. Contrivance for raising water in high buildings. Criticism of the foregoing and description of another device for a similar purpose. MOISTURE ON WALLS, ETC, Cause and prevention of moisture on walls. Effect of moisture on sensible temperature. MISCELLANEOUS. Heating water in large tanks. Heating water for large institutions and high city buildings. Questions relating to water-tanks. Faulty elevator-pump connections. On heating several buildings from one source. Coal-tar coating lor water-pipe. Filters for feeding house- boilers. Other means of clarifying water. Testing gas-pipes for leaks and making pipe- joints. Will boiling drinking-water purify it? Differential rams for testing fittings and valves. Percentage of ashes in coal. Automatic pump-governor. Cast-iron safe for steam-radiators. Methods of graduating radiator service according to the weather. Preventing fall of spray from steam-exhaust pipes. Exhaust-condenser for preventing fall of spray from steam-exhaust pipes. Steam-heating apparatus and plenum (ventila- tion), system in Kalamazoo Insane Asylum. Heating and ventilation of a prison. Amount of heat due to condensation of water. Expansion-joints . Resetting of house-heating boilers— a possible saving of fuel. How to find the water-line of boilers and position of try-cocks. Low-pressure hot-water system for heating buildings in England (comments by The Sanitary Engineer). Steam-heating apparatus in Manhattan Com- pany's and Merchants' Bank Building, New York. Boilers in Manhattan Company's and Merchants' Bank Building, with extracts from speciffca. tions. Steam-heating apparatus in Mutual Life lusui- ance Building on Broadway. The setting of boilers in Tribune Building, New York. Warming and ventilation of West Presbyterian Church, New York City. Principles of heating-apparatus. Fine Arts Exhi- bition Building, Copenhagen. Warming and ventilation of Opera-Hou*;e at Ogdensburg, N. Y. Systems of heating houses in Germany and Austria. Steam-pipes under New York streets— difference between two systems adopted. Some details of steam and ventilating apparatus used on the continent of Europe, MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. Applying traps to gravity steam-apparatus. Expansion of brass and iron pipe. Connecting steam and return risers at their tops. Power used in running hydraulic elevators. On meltingsnow m the streets by steam. Action of ashe*" street fillings on iron pipes. Arrangement of steara-cojls for heating oil-stills. Converting a steam-apparatus into a hot-water apparatus and back agam. Condensation per foot of steam-main when laid under ground. Oil in boilers from exhaust steam, and methods of prevention. Address. Book Department, THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD. No. 277 Pearl Street, New York. Obtainable at London Office, 92 and 93 Fleet Street, for 15J, Hot- Water Heating and Fitting; OR, Warming Buildings by Hot-Water, A DESCRIPTION OF Modern Hot- Water Heating Apparatus — The Methods of theit Construction and the Principles involved. With Over Two Hundred Illustrations, Diagrams and Tables. By WILLIAM J. BALDWIN, M. Am. Soc. C. E., Member American Society Mechanical Engineers, Author of "Steam-Heating for Buildings," etc., etc. Sraphical methods are used to illustrate many of the important principles that are to be remembered by the Hot-Water Engineer. The volume is 8vo., of 385 pages, besides the index ; handsomely bound in cloth, and wiU be sent postpaid on receipt of $4.00 Among the questions treated are the following : Laws of Hot- Water Circulation. Flow of Water in the Pipes of an Apparatus. Graphical Illustration of the Expansion of Water. Graphical Illustration of the Theoretical Velocity of Water in Flow- Pipes. EflSux of Water Through Apertures. Passage of Water Through Short Parallel Pipes. Passage of Water Through Long Pipes. Friction of Water in Long Pipes. Quantity of Water that will Pass through Pipes under Different Press- ures. Diminution of the Flow of Water by Friction in Long Pipes. Loss of Pressure by Friction of Elbows and Fittings. How the Friction of Elbows and Fittings may be Reduced to a Minimum. Flow of Water through the Mains of an Apparatus, Considered under its Various Practical Conditions. How to Find the Total Head Required when the Quantity of Water to be Passed and the Size and Length of the Pipes are Known. How to Find the Quantity of Water in U. S. Gallons, that will Pass through a Pipe when the Total Head and Length and the Diameter of the Pipe is Known. To Find the Diameter of the Pipes for a Given Passage of Water. How to Find the Direct Radiating Surface required for Buildings. How Heat is Lost from the Rooms of a Building. Simple Fonnula for Finding the Radiating Surfaces for Buildings. Experiments by Different Authorities on Radiating Surfaces. To Find the Amount of Water that should Pass through a Radiator for a Certain Duty. How to Determine the Size of Inlet and Outlet Pipes for Hot-Water Radiators, iagrams Giving Graphical Methods for Finding the Diameters and Lengths of Flow and Return Pipes for Hot- Water Apparatus. Proportioning Coils and Radiators of an Apparatus for Direct Radiation. Description of Different Systems of Piping in Use. Proportioning an Apparatus for Indirect Heating. Illustrations of Boilers. Hot- Water Heating in the State, War, and Navy Department Building. Hot-Water Heating in Private Residences. Boilers Used for Hot- Water Heating. Direct Radiators Used for Hot- Water Heating. Indirect Radiators Used for Hot- Water Heating. The Effect of Air-Traps in Hot- Water Pipes. Expansion Tanks — and How they should be Prepared. Danger of Closed Expansion Tanks. The Various Valves Used for Hot- Water Heating. Air- Vents Used for Hot- Water Radiators. Automatic Reg^ators Used in Hot-Water Heating. Special Fittings for Hot- Water Heating. How to Conduct Tests of Hot- Water Radiators. Method of Connecting Thermometers with Hot- Water Pipes and Radiators. Tables of Contents of the Pipes of an Apparatus. Table of Co-efi&cients of the Expansion of Water from Various Sources, With an Ample Table of Contents from which the above Items were Selected ; also an Alphabetically Arranged Index, the Whole Containing a Large Amount of Useful Information of Great Value to the Eng^eer, Architect, Mechanic and Householder. No Archi- tect, Engineer, Steam-Fitter or Plumber throughout the United States should be without a copy of this book. It is written in the simple style of Mr. Baldwin's former book, " Steam Heating for Buildings," and is within the ready comprehension of all. Address, Book Department, THE ENGINEERING & BUILDING RECORD, 277 Pearl Street, New York. Obtainable at the London Office, 92 and 93 Fleet Street, for 20s. THE PRINCIPLES VENTILA TION AND HEA TING THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION. By JOHN S. BILLINGS, M. D., LL.D. (Edinb.), Surgeon U. S. Army. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. This interesting and valuable series of papers, originally published in The Sani- tary Engineer, have been re-arranged and re-written, with the addition cf new matter. The volume is published in response to the general demand that these important papers should be issued in a more con- venient and permanent form, and also because almost all the reliable literature on this subject has been furnished by English Authors, and written with refer- ence to the climate of England, which is more uniform and has a higher proportion of moisture. The need of a book based upon the conditions of the American cli- mate is therefore apparent. The following will indicate the charac- ter of the subject-matter : Expense of Ventilation — Difference Be- tween ' ' Perfect " and Ordinary Ventila- tion — Relations of Carbonic Acid to the Subject — Methods of Testing Ventilation. Heat, and some of the Laws which govern its Production and Communication — Movements of Heated Air — Movements of Air in Flues — Shapes and Sizes of Flues and Chimneys. Amount of Air-Supply Required — Cubic Space. Methods of Heating: Stoves, Furnaces, Fire-Places, Steam, and Hot-water. Scheduling for Ventilation Plans — Position of Flues and Registers — Means of Removing Dust — Moisture, and Hans for Supplying It. Patent Systems of Ventilation and Heating — The Ruttan System — Fire- Places — Stoves. Chimney-Caps — Ventilators — Cowls — Syphons — Forms of Inlets. Ventilation of Halls of Audience — Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church — The Houses of Parliament — The Hall of the House of Representatives. Theatres — The Grand Opera-House at Vienna — The Opera-House at Frankfort- on-the-Main — The Metropolitan Opera- House, New York — The Madison Square Theatre, New York — The Criterion Theatre, London — The Academy of Music, Baltimore. Schools. Ventilation of Hospitals — St. Peters- burgh Hospital — Hospitals for Conta- gious Diseases — The Barnes Hospital — The New York Hospital — The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Forced Ventilation — Aspirating-Shafts — Gas-jets — Steam Heat for Aspiration — Prof. Trowbridge's Formulae — Application in the Library Building of Columbia Col- lege — Ventilating- Fans — Mixing-Valves. The book is free from unnecessary technicalities and is not burdened with scientific formulae. It is invaluable to Architects, Physi- cians, Builders, Plumbers, and those who contemplate building or remodeling their houses. SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. Large Svo. Handsomely Bound in Cloth. Price $3.00, Postage Paid. Address, Book Department, THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD, No. 277 Pearl Street, New York. Obtainable at London Office, 92 and 93 Fleet Street, for 15 Shillings.