SB 41 Antirrhinums. 3 1924 002 827 875 ONE PENNY. i »n™ & n01^TICUL.TU5^AI^ AcScSociATioN. Limited. 0^,Lors[a ACRB WC ADVERTISEMENTS SB In the supposed quest of beauty large sums are often spent on artificial aids that for the most part do much more harm than good But nature's way is the best, after all; and no cosmetic in the world will accomplish as much in promoting natural beauty of complexion by natural means as PEARS which is absolutely pure natural soap of the highest quality in every component, and possesses those special emollient properties which are pre-eminent for softening and beautifying the skin -and its cost is only ADVERTISEMENTS WINCARNIS IS STRENGTH that enables you to hold your own in life. There is not a man or woman who would not be better for taking it. WINCARNIS invigorates and restores to health every tissue of the human frame — nerve tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and last, but not least, lymph and blood, which, though fluid, are really tissue, because of their cell formation. Test WINCARNIS for a week and see how much better in health you will be, how much stronger. It gives strength TO ONE AND ALL to battle against disease and ill-health. It makes your body efficient to enjoy your leisure. It is a revelation to all who have never tried it. TEST IT FREE TO-DAY. Send 3d. to cover carriage to COLEMAN & CO., Ltd., O & A Dept., Wincarnis Works, Norwich, and we send you a trial bottle free. " Wincarnis " is sold by Wine Merchant^, licensed Chemists, and Grocers ; also by the glass, and in i/- flasks at Railway Station Refreshment Rooms, at most Hotels and high-class Licensed Houses, *' Wincarnis" is also prepared with T^uinine or Iron, or Pepsin, or Celery, all of which are beneficial in suitable cases. - , Rose and other Rusts, Apple and Pear Scab, Potato Disease, Brown Ro( and other Fungoid Pests should be promptly and easily eradicated by using thai most up-to-date and scientific remedy, the wotuiiiflonliiasi Paste (PATENT). Invented by Mr. Spencer Pickering, F.R.S.' (of the Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm), and Mr. W. A. Voss, F.C.S. !'- THE IDEAL FUNGICIDE Reliable, Cheap, and Easy to Handle. No Intricate Mixings, Invaluable to Cultivators of all kinds of Crops. I lb. makes 7 to 25 gallons. \ lb. battles, 6d. (post free, 9d.) I ,. „ 9d. ( „ „ 1/1) 5 lb. jars, 3/- each. Sole Manufacturers— WALTER VOSS & CO, LTD, 3a, Millwall, LONDON, E. Of all One & All Agents. SANKEY'S GARDEN ROTS. Quality Unequalled. Largest Stock. Immediate Delivery. As supplied to the Royal Gardens and Parks. EDGING i|l|||| BRICKS, TILES, PiilBiilil &e. SANKEY'S FIRE CE MENTS & FIRE BR ICKS, &c. Head Offloe: Essex Wharf, Canning Town, E. Established over Half-a-Centupy. ADVERTISEMENTS ONE & ALL COMPLETE FERTILISER FOR FLOWERS. No. 26. Hall Rod Packets, 6d. Bags, 28 ihs. Bags, 7 lbs. •■ 23 •• S<> .. ,, 14 ,, ... ,? ,, 112 ,. C.irri,,^,- rai.i. Of all ONE & ALL Seed Agents. . S/0 . 10/6 .20/- I Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Ltd., One **<: AH Wharf, Deptford Creek, London. S.E. Central Offices : q2, Long Acre, London. W.C. nar cs- For Farm and Garden Prires from 25 - u|iwarcls. rilListi;it.-il fjUt nil .niJlilicaHon. CROSIER, STEPHENS & CO., Newcastlc-on-Tyne. GARDENERS ¥ PROTECT AND PRESERVE ALL SEEDS (Vegetables, Flowers and Lawn Grass) against BIRDS VERMIN AND ROT by using CORVUSINE D.G (SPECIAL.) A liquid sped-dressing— easily used, inexpensive but effective. Assists Germination — Saves many times its cost. BEST OP TESTIMONIALS. Sold in tins at 6cl., 1/- and 1/6 by all Seedsmen and Stores, or {postage extra) of ARTHUR E. HAWKER. 59, Mark Lane, Londoa, E.C. To Gardeners & Nurserymen Sharpen Knives, Pruning Hooks, and Secateurs with THE FAMOUS "TAM O'SHANTER" HONES. All sizes and prices from 6d. each. Write for Illustrated Price List, post free. Gold Medal, London, 1885, 1890. Paris, 1878. THE.WATER 0F:AYR & TAM O'SHANTER HONEi;CO.,Ltd,, 105, Cambridge Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Or to the ONE & ALL WAREHOUSES, 92, Long Acre, London, W.C. 'XZOX.. A Manure that destroys Wireworm, Sings and Grubs in t>he Soil, and Caterpillars on Plants. Fruit Trees, etc. Prices : 1/- and 2/- Tins ; 14 lb. Bag 3/- ; 28 lbs. 5/- ; 56 lbs. 8/- ; i cwt. 15/-. xsxsxKEOsr X3!iirsx:c^rxcixx>JEi. (Non-Poisonous.) Kills all Insects. Prevents and Cures Mildew. Prices ; i Pint (to make la Gallons) 1/3 ; Quart 2/- ; i-Gallon 8/- ; Gallon 4/6. cx.xxmc..a^3k: iM.A.'wisr s-A-ziirxs. Transforms Weedv Lawns. Kills the Daisies, Plantains, etc., and Improves the Grass. Prices: Tins 1/3 and 2/-"; 14-lb. Bag 3/6 ; 2S lbs. 6/- ; 56 lbs. 11/- ; i cwt. 20/-. Kills all Weeds on Garden Paths, Walkb, etc., and keeps the surface clean and bright for from 12 to 18 months. Prices : No. i Tin 2/-, 2 Tins 3/G ; No. 2 Tin 6/6 ; 2 Tins 12/6. BOXJNOARY CO., X^td., frnmnsn ISEMENTS 111 THE GREAT SOIL FUMIGANT APTERITE Ensures Profitable Crops APTERITE is the most effective remedy for WIREWORMS, LEATHER JACKETS, SLUGS, and other .Soil Pests that ruin the garden and cut the- farmer's profits. In Tins, 1 lb., 9d. ; 7 lbs., 2/- ; 14 lbs., 3/6. ^ OF AGENTS EVERYWHERE. ^f;j^'\l=to£°'M'.lErcSr} Willm. Cooper & Nephews, Berkhamsted. FIRST BALL. A NOVELTY. SECOND A NECESSITY. Greentwist. Greentwist is a soft Green Tying Material for the Garden and Greenhouse. It is pliable, strong, and a, fine natural colour. THE IDEAL TIE FOR ALL PLANTS AND FLOWERS. Put up in neat balls. AJways ready and economical to use. A ball put in the pocket can be nsed to the last inch without tangle or waste. iis ease in use tnakes Tying a pleasure, 200 Yards ia each ball. Price 4Gi. per ball. From One 6* All Seed Agents atid others, or direct and post free (1/- for 3 \i2\\^ from — ChamkrlainV Rapid Growth' Chick Foods RAPID GROWTH CHICK FEED THE CLEANEST, PUREST, AND BEST OBTAINABLE. MOST ECONOMICAL ^_^ IN USE! UILD IG URLY IRDS □ AQRICULTURAL & HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION, Limited, 92, LONQ ACRE, LONDON, W.C., or from any of the One & All Seed Agents, Samples and fall particulars from the Sole Manufacturer?— CHAMBERLAIN, POLE SCO., LTD., Broadmead, Bristol, or from the Wholesale Agents:^ /-TNREATE n L) HOICE I !_, HAMPION U ^ HICKEN □ ADVERTISEMENTS (Tr ^ COOPER'S FUNGICIDE AN IMPROVED BORDEAUX MIXTURE MIXES WELL. SPRAYS WELL. STICKS WELL. The best preparation for the destruction of APPLE SCAB, POTATO DISEASE and other fungoid pests for which Copper Sulphate is the recognised remedy> OF AGENTS EVERYWHERE. Sole Mfrs., WILLm. COOPER & NEPHEWS, BERKHAMSTED. LANE'S NEW HORTICULTURAL REQUISITES. METALLIC COMBINATION WIRE LABELS. For Plants and Trees. Patent applied Jor. ftegd, 563061. WIRE RIBBON. Patent applied for. The Best and Cheapest. No Waste. For tying up Trees and Plants it gives a wonderful eifect. 130 feet Wire for 6d. per box. io i u i ^r --. 18 Labels for 6cl. per box. Wholesale only, LANE BROS., Bermondsey, London, S.E, To be obtained from all One & All Agents. Ironmongers, Seedsmen, and Florists. No Ink! No Wire!! No Tying!!! IS II liiiiiiliiiiliriiiiliiiiliiiiliiihViliJirf^ m A Compendium of Outdoor Work. ILLUSTRATED. The Journal of the B.H.S. says of this Book on Pnmmg : — " Seldom have we seen a more excellent series of articles upon this most diflScult subject. The author is a practical fruit grower who has learned to make use of his eyes, to think carefully over what he has seen, and to draw accurate inferences from his observa- tions. No commercial fruit grower should be without it." HINTS AND WRINKLES ON TOMATO CULTURE. 1/- net. Post Free, 1/1. Highly commended by numerous practical Growers as the best treatise yet published. " If vain our toil, We ought to blame the culcur., Not the soil,"— Pope. With which is presented a sure Safeguard against Wire worm. THE LOCKWOOD PRESS, 1, Mitre Court, Fleet Street, E.C. ADVERTISEMENTS Rills all soil p^ts, wireworms, leathetjac!:etSt millipedes, ants, slugs, snails. One dressing lasts two years or more and from first to last will not injure a single root hbre. 1 OWt. 10/e ^ CWt. 6/6 28 lbs. 4/L 14 lb. keg 3/6 71b. tins/- trial tins 1/^ & 6d. One «S* A/i Agencies, Ironmongers &• Seensmtn sell it KOBINSON BROTHERS, Ltd., WEST UliQMV/ICH CLITTS MANUff/AL INSECTICIDE 5LUGENE Stanly's Slugdeath Registered. Price 6d., Is., 2s., 4s. per Tin. ^ Seedsmen, General Stores, &c., and ONE & ALL Seed Agents. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL )CIETY reports:— "This is the finest des- )yer of » slugs we have ever tried. Put on cording ' to the instructions supplied, it kills the slugs with no injury to the plants." H. STANLY & CO., Ltd., , John Street, Minories, London, B.C. gricultural & Horticultural Association, Limited. ESTABLISHED 1867. 2, LONG ACRE, LONDON, WX. \sh Deposits received on the following terms:— INTEREST TO BE ALLOWED. ler c,3it. per annum on Deposits withdrawable at six months' notice, and deposited for at least one year. ler cent, per annum on Deposits withdrawable at four months' notice. per cent, per annum on Deposits withdrawable at three months' notice, per cent, per annum on Deposits withdrawa'ble at one montii's notice. DELICIOUS COFFEE. RED WHITE sBLUE. ForBreakfiist & after Dinner. Health and Strength Show your Good Sense and Wisdom by carefully reading the following: A loss of weight is conclusive proof of a declining health and strength. Now, if you refer to the composition of Dr. Tibbies' Vi-Cocoa (Kola, malt, hops, and cocoa) you will see at a glance for yourself what a fine provision it is for such a condition as this. It will supply your wasted, wanted fat in the most ready, agreeable, and abundant way, and it will fill at once with needed life and energy and tone every tissue and part of your exhausted body. All the elements you need are contained in Vi- Cocoa, and they are there in the most digestible and assimilable form possible. Your body gets them all, and gets them easily and at once. We say this without any apology for what would seem to be too much self-assertion, for we say it from our big experience and upon the testimony of thousands who have bene- fited by Vi-Cocoa in a very extra- ordinary way. Anaemia, dyspepsia, consumption, and other ailments obtain no hold over a body invigorated by the regular use of this famous Food Beverage. It does its beneficent work in spite of a vitiated atmosphere, constant stooping over the machine or bench, or any other inci- dental drawback. For all workers Dr. Tibbies' Vi-Cocoa is the ideal food, and its constant use will contribute largely to the workers' success in the battle of life. A packet can be purchased for the small sum of sixpence. Do not ask your grocer for cocoa. Ask for — it makes all the difference. Every grocer sells Vi-Cocoa in 6d. packets, and ^d. and is. 6d, tins. ADVERTISEMENTS Leatherjaekets, Ants, Grubs, Beetles, Woodliee, and similar insects an readily destroyed by digging into your Garden, before planting, - VAPORITE - THE ORIGINAL SOIL FUMIGANT. Quantity required : i-lb. to every 8 square yards, or 2 to 3-cwt. per acre. Directions enclosed in pacliage. By first using VAPORITE your plants will be clean, healthy and strong. Tins, 9d., 2/-, 3/-, and 4/6 each. Casks, i-cwt., 7/6 (carriage paid). 1 cwt., 11/6 (carriage paid). traj The Yaporite-Strawson Co., Ltd., (Dept. No. 9) Spencer House, South Place, London, E,llj Produce Perfection and retain it by using Canary Guano THE BEST FERTILISER, and Qardo THE BEST INSECTICIDE. Sold by One & All or Seedsmen, in tins and bags, from Gd. to 20s. Full directions for use from THE CHEMICAL UNION, LIMITED, IPSWICH. By Appointment to X¥^^^& H.M. The King. THE BEST REMEDY ■for Mildew, Greenfly, and a.11 -forms of Insect Blight is Jeyes Horticultural Wash (CYLLIN SOFT SOAP IN LIQUID FORM) AS USED AT THE KEVV ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS. This liquid form of Cyllin Soft Soap has been placed on the market in response to the numerous requests fom promnent rosarmns and gardeners, to obviate any labour involved in prepaiing the stock solution incidental to the use of soft soap. u l^.opo . b .„I'Zf ""'■''J"""''^' ya?h d«troj:s greenHy and other aphides, red spider, rose hopper, gooseberry Si, ?;r,i/;e„d T , ri"^. American blight mildew, &c. , &c. It is non-poisonous and will not injure the tenderest vegetable shoots when diluted as recommended. Pint tins 1/-, quart tins 1/9, also in drums. Full directions witli each pacl«age, may still be obtained in its original fom. Price; I lb. tins 9d., 3 lb. tins 1/9, 7 lb, tins 3/- ; also in wooden kegs. Cyllin Soft Soap Jeyes Horticultural Sprayer f|« One & All Garden Buok. No. 31. Antirrhinum?. A Few Forewords^ FLOWER OF SINGLE ANTIRRHINUM. BY THE EDITOR. 0_\E aim I have in view in issuing this book on Antirrhinums as one of the popular "One & All Series " is to aid and encourage development of variety in our gardens. Variety ever renews charm for us. Monotony is fatal to sustained interest. Yet many influences are ever operating ,t6 produce monotony in gardening. The busy lives we lead are apt to induce us to curtail thought and work on our gardens, and to b,e content with a very limited selec- tion of floral beauties. Fashion reigns in horticulture as well as in society, and this factor tends to fill all gardens full of 'favourites popular at the moment. Then we have the influence of the " contractor," who under- takes to plant gardens at so much per time. He finds it most easy and profitable to limit his supplies to a few kinds. All these and many other things tend to monotony. The remedy is, I think, to make known the merits of floral beauties which are less cultivated than they well might be, and to explain all about their culture. "The antirrhinum comes under this de.scription. It was a favourite of our fathers and occupied a place of esteem in their gardens. Fashion brought to the front other candidates for attention. The antirrhinum suffered a partial eclipse. But whilst receiving less attention from the public than formerly the dear old snap- dragon has remained an- object of keen interest to a few skilled cultivators who have been developing its beauties in form, colour and variety. ' The antirrhinum,- in its modern forms, is now worthy to take its place alongside the first favourites of the pleasaunce. The plant has the prime qualification of doing well in any ordinary garden soil and situation. It does especially well, indeed, in light and moderately light lands. The fact that it will flourish on a wall alongside the wall-flower explains much of its nature. It only seems to object -to moisture- logged land and over-enriched soils. It is therefore everyone's flower to grow. The able and interesting booklet on it ONE &= ALL GARDEN BOOKS which these few forewords are meant to introduce has been written at my request by the experienced editor of The Garden,- Mr. Fredk. W. Harvey. No one could desire a bettej guide to successful culture, and I am sanguine this work will be popularly appreciated. If the book does not happen to contain some item of information which a reader under special circumstances requires, there is a remedy. The One & All Association, which issues these cheap popular garden books, main- tains a Bureau for answering questions relating to horti- culture and other rural matters. No charge is made for replies to queries or for advice on gardening. The Association is a mutual society of many thousands of share- holders and annual subscribers formed over forty years ago by public men of eminence to promote rural revival. Any- one can join it by subscribing five shillings per year, and share in its many advantages. Its Enquiry Bureau is op^ to all and not to subscribers only. I invite anyone interested in rural pursuits and rural delights to write to me and I will send them all details of our A.ssociation and its work. I will also with pleasure have enquiries answered by; our Bureau. FLOWER OF DOUBLE ANTIRRHINUM. Editor. 92, Long Acre, London, W. C. Antirrhinums : Their History, Culture, and Uses. BY FREDERICK W. HARVEY, F.R.H.S. (Editor of " T/ie Garden.") Chapter I. History of the Flower. The many beautiful varieties of Antirrhinums grown in our gardens to-day are all forms of Antirrhinum majiis, a perennial plant about the very early history of which very little is known. Most of the old writers on garden- ing regarded it as a native of Great Britain, and although there would seem to be some doubt regarding this point, we know that it has for a long time been naturalised in various parts of the country. Gerard, in 1597, gives a list of four varieties which were then known, viz., album, purpureum, variegatum, and luteum, the colours of which are described by their names, viz., white, purple, variegated and yellow. Parkinson, in 1629, only gives the same four varieties, so we may assume that others had not at that time made their appearance. Ray, in his "Flora," published in 1665, although he only meritions four varieties, says that it "hath some pretty diversities, and that " it is common and well known." Coming to the more recent date of 17 10, William Salmon mentions eight varieties, viz., the above-named four and also four which he calls wild kinds, but which "with us only grow in gardens." Like Ray he mentions that one called rubrum or Durpureum often varied when raised from seed. A century later McDonald, in his "Dictionary of ANTIRRHINUM TALL, MIXED. ONE &' ALL GARDEW BOOKS Gardening," mentions fourteen varieties, but here again so-called wild forms are enumerated. A double-flowered variety was known in English gardens about 1842 and was illustrated in Paxton's " Maga- zine of Botany." It was raised by Young of Epsom, and was con- sidered a great rarity. Another double flowered variety, according to M. du Mont de Corset in his " Le Botaniste Cultivateur," was known in French gardens at an earlier date, viz., the end of the eighteenth cen- tury. These double varieties have never been popular, and the art of the florist has been almost devoted to single forms. In 1836 Antir- I'/iinnin majus ca 1-y op hy lloides from a Mr. Bridg- ford was figured in Harrison's " Floricultural Cabinet," this being a pale- coloured variety flaked with vivid red. In the same work in the year 1 842 mention is made of five ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS. {After Parkinson, 1629.) varieties raised The piugenilor of modem varieties. by Hendersons of ANlVJiRfflNUMS 5 Str John's Wood and seen by the writer in Low's Clapham Nursery, where they were evidently much admired, and the following j^ear (luadricolor was seen in the same nursery. Pictures of it appeared in " Paxton," " The Fbrists' Journal," THE ANTIRRHINUM, OR SNAPDRAGON. Its modern development. "Harrison's Floricultural Cabinet," and other works. In the latter in 1849 a list of thirty florist vadeties is given. From 1850 to 1870 the Antirrhinum was very extensively grown m this country, and many varieties were named, much in the OMn a^ ALL CarDEM MOOA'S same way as names are bestowed upon seedling Sweet Peas at the present time, Popular Names of the Antirrhinum. Having briefly traced tlie progress of the plant through a period of, upwards of three hundred years, it may be of interest to give a little attention to the popular names by which it has at various times been known.' One of the earliest of its popular names was un- doubtedly Snapdragon, by which it is known at the. present time, and as early as 1688 J. Woolridge, in " S y s t e m a Horticulturas," alludes to it as Calf s Snout or Calves' Snout. It may be interesting to note in passing that he also states " it is sown because it flowers long . . '. else it is of no great beauty nor smell." Evidently at this.^ period the plant was valued chiefly on account of its flowering over a long period. ' The origin of the name Snapdragon is undoubtedly , due to the shape of the flowers, which somewhat re- semble a grotesque mouth, and which can be made to open by compressing the sides of the flower and which close again when the pressure is withdrawn. Calfs Snout has also, been attributed to the shape of the flowers, but in " Flowers and Flower Lore,'' by the . ANTIRRHINUM GRANDIFLORUM. ^^''- ^'^<^^^'^ Fnend, this r,„„ .V , , , , IS considered to be derived from the resemblance of the seed-vessels to the nose and mouth of a calf, and I thmk this is probably correct. Lion Snap, Toad's Mouth, Dogs Mouth, and Cat's Eye are other names which ANTIRRHINUMS - have in the past been given to the Antirrhinum, an^ all have doubtless been derived from the shape of the flowers or seed -pod. Before leaving this subject it may be of interest to record that Joseph Carpenter, in the second edition of "The Retired ANTIRRHINUM TALL, VARIOUS COLOURS. Gardener," published in 1717, writes : "Most gardeners have believed that Antirrhinum and Snapdragon were different flowers. The name Snapdragon having been in use for a long time I will call it by that name. Being a flower of the large kind, it makes a very good figure in great parterres." 8 OXE &- ALL GARDEN BOOKS Mention is made by the same writer of a kind " finely striped with white." Medicinal Virtues of the Antirrhinum. Unliite most other plants, the Antirrhinum 'has not been endowed in the past with many marvellous properties, but it would have been strange indeed had such an old occupant of ■ our gardens entirely escaped attention in this respect, According to " Plant Lore," by R. Folkard, it was. .ANTIRRHINUM WHITE, QUEEN. in some rural districts, believed to possess supernatural powers and to be able to destroy charms. Also if worn it was said to be a protection against witchcraft. " A maiden so wearing it will -appear gracious in the sight of the people." Gerard, however, uses the. word people in place of maiden. The pre- servation of anyone who carried it from " hurt with any venim or poyson whatever," and " doth scatter away, and consume the yealow colour of the body, v/hich remaineth after one hath had the jaundice," were virtues attributed by Dodoens to the large and small Antirrhinum respectively. For the information given above I wish to acknowledge the kind ANTIRRHINUMS g assistance of the Rev. Joseph Jacob, whose knowledge of old gardening books and plant history is unique. Chapter II. Other Species of Antirrhinum. Before proceeding with the actual culture of the varieties of Antirrhinum majus, it may be well to devote a little iNTIRRHTNUM, .YELLOW PRINCE. time to the consideration of other species which are but little known. Antirrhinum Asarina is a creeping plant, sometimes grown in the warmer parts of the rock garden. It has grayish heart- shaped leaves, and the single flowers are borne on short slender stems, and usually open in June. They are white tinged with red, the interior of the flower being marked with yellow and purple. Antirrhinum hispanicum is the Spanish Snapdragon, and is not often met with in this country. It is' a rather dwarf and spreading plant, and bears its rather small flowers in lO ONE or" ALL GARDEN. BOOKS upright loose spikes. Tliese are purple, with a yellow blotch on the tip. Antirrhinum molle is also a native of Spain, and was introduced to this country in 1752. Like Antirrhinum Asarina, it is a , semi procumbent plant, and should have a warm place on the rockery. Its leaves are covered with glandula.r hairs, which render them soft to the touch. The flowers are small, dull white, yellow and purple. Antirrhinum brontium, is often found wild in our cornfields. It is a small dwarf plant, rarely growing more than a foot high, the small flowers being white o r rose - coloured, and striped with purple. There is a variety with- larger flowers and leaves, and which is known as Antirrhinum Orontium grandi- florum. A ntirrhinum siculum is the Sicilian Snap- dragon. It is an erect-growing plant, and some- ANTIRRHINUM TALL, ROSE. It has white or yellowish times attains a height of 2 feet, flowers and narrow leaves. Antirrhinum tortuosum is an -Italian species with an erect habit, and grows about 18 inches high. It has flower? of a purple hue, and curiously shaped narrow leaves ANTIRRHINUMS II Chapter III. Propagation of the Antirrhinum. Before we can cultivate any plant on an extensive scale we piust, of necessity, procure a good stock, and for this reason i think it is best to consider the ways and means of propagating the varieties of Antirrhinum majus l^efore dealing with other phases of their culture. Two distinct methods of propa- gation are adopted by present-day gardeners, viz., by cuttings and by seeds. The former is generally used where named varieties are grown, or where it is desired to perpetuate a seedling of more than usual merit. By means of cuttings the colour, habit, and general characters of a plant are usually faithfully retained, points that cannot be entirely relied upon when propagation by seeds is re- sorted to. For all ordinary purposes, however, the more simple method of increasing stock by means of seeds may be adopted, because, at the present time, so much attention is given to the selections of strains and colours by seed-growers that the plants may be relied upon to give at least ninety per cent, true to colour, and a little variation in the habits of the plants is by no means a drawback. I would, however, warn amateurs against the natural temptation to save their own seeds. The beautiful , , . a varieties that we now grow have been selected and improved up to a very high standard, and any, lack of attention, such as there must be in gardens where all kinds of flowers are grown, will result in rapid deterioration. Seeds can be purchased so cheaply, and are as a rule so much more satisfactory than those saved at home, that I feel fully justified in advising readers not to bother with the seeds. Get all the flowers possible from the plants by picking off seed-pods early, and let the seedsman, who knows his work, attend to the seed saving. SEEDLING READY FOK. . TRANSPLANTING. 12 ONE &= ALL GARDEN BOOKS Propagation by Cuttings. We have already seen under what circumstances it is advisable to propagate the plants by this method, and, providing a few simple rules are observed, the actual work of preparing and rooting the cuttings does not present any serious difficulty. A cold frame, or at least a good-sized bell-glass, or even a small box with the bottom knocked out and replaced with a pane of glass, may be utilised for the successful rooting of the cuttings, and mention will be madd of these later. The first question that the amateur will probably ask is: " When can I take the cuttings from the old plants.'" Un- doubtedly the best time of the whole year is the autumn, preferably the last two weeks in September or the first half of October. It is possible to root cuttings in the spring obtained from old cut - back plants which have withstood the winter, but most of the shoots at that time contain embryo flower buds, and are not at all suitable for making into cuttings. In the autumn, if an old plant is examined, a number of sturdy young side-shoots will be found at the bases 'of the flowering stems and below where branching has taken place, and it is on these shoots that we must rely for our cuttings. Select those which are about 4 inches in length, and see to it that there are no flower-buds present in the tips, otherwise success is not likely to accrue. If these selected shoots are given a sharp pull in a downward direction they will part from the plant with a sort of triangular base or "heel," which will consist of older wood. It is from this heel that roots will subsequently be evolved, ANTIRRHINUM TALL, WHITE. SO it will readily be seen how essential it is that it should be secured. i Having obtained a sufficient number of cuttings of a variety that It is desired to perpetuate, we must next attend to the preparation of the cuttings. Only one variety should be dealt with at a time, and all the cuttings of this variety must be made, planted, and labelled before another is started, otherwise there will be a danger of mixing. With a very sharp and clean knife gently smooth over the heel at the base of each shoot, and then cut off, not pull, the two lowest pairs of leaves. This done, the cuttings are ready for planting. Previous to the selection and preparation of the cuttings, the soil for their reception must have been prepared.. This may be done in two ways. The general system, and the most preferable, is to make a bed of soil in the frame itself, this to be not less than 3 inches deep. It should consist of good loam two parts, and coarse sand one part, the whole to be passed through a ^ inch meshed sieve. If there is any danger of this soil becoming too wet, drainage in the form of rough bricks must be placed beneath it, but there are not many gardens where such a precaution is necessary. The soil must be pressed moderately firmly, and be given a j inch thick coating of fine sand on the surface before planting the cuttings. When completed, the soil should not be more than 6 inches from the glass. Another sy.stem is to fill well-drained boxes with a similar depth of the same soil mixture ; these, when planted with cuttings, to be given the same treatment as will be advised for those planted in frames. The actual planting of the cuttings requires some care. They are best inserted in rows 6 inches apart, and the cuttings 3 inches asunder, a rather blunt-pointed dibber, somewhat thicker than a lead pencil, being used to make the holes. Generally speaking, cuttings should have about one-third their length- inserted in the soil. Thus a cutting 4 inches long would be planted about i ^ inch deep. The hole for its recep- tion must not be made deeper, as it is most essential that the base of the cutting reaches the bottom of the hole. After the cutting is in, thrust the dibber into the soil in a slanting direction towards the base of the cutting and press the soil firmly to its base. Having planted our cuttings, they may be given a light watering in with a fine-rosed can, and should the weather for the next few days be very sunny, it will be well to lightly shade the frame.s, the lights of which must be kept shut close for about a week, after which gradually admit air in increasing quantities. During very severe frosty weather the frame may with advantage be covered with a mat at night, and, should the cuttings get frozen, shade them from sunshine until H OHE &' ALL GARDEN BOOKS thawed the next day. During the winter it is not likely the cuttings will require any water, except those which are being grown in boxes, but free ventilation, whenever the weather is open, must be afforded. In the spring the young plants, The rough crocks over holes in the bottom of th6 pan. The smaller crocks on top of the large one. Rough siftings from the soil over the The pan with surface made firm, ready small crocks. for the plants. HOW TO PREPARE A PAN FOR GROWING SEEDLING OR CUTTINGS. which the cuttings will then be, may be planted where they are to flower, a point that will be dealt with later. Propagation by Seeds. This is a much simpler process than raising new stock i from cuttings, and by it any amateur can rely upon raising a AMTlRRtTINVMS IS large number of plants. Though, strictly speaking, Antirrhinum majus is a perennial plant, it is advisable, for all ordinary purposes, to treat the plants as biennials or annuals, and under this system old plants, when they have finished flowering, are discarded. There are two periods of the year suitable for seed sowing, viz., in August and February. If the former date is selected the seeds may be sown in a well-drained position outdoors, in shallow drills 6 inches apart, the seedlings to be pricked off, when an inch or rather more high, into another bed in drills the same distance apart, and each plant 3 inches from its neighbour. In very cold districts, or where the soil is naturally wet, the young plants should be transplanted to a cold frame for the winter, using the same soil and giving them the same treatment as ad- vised for cuttings. Plants from this sowing may be re- garded as biennials, and will commence to flower early the following summer. The February sowing must be made under glass, a temperature ranging from 50° to 60° Fahr. being suitable, although one of 45° will do providing the higher temperature cannot be secured. Boxes or pans, about 3 inches deep, are the best receptacles in which to sow the seeds, and these must be thoroughly drained by placing some rough pieces of broken pots over the holes in the bottom. Over this place some of the rougher portions of the soil, and then fill the boxes or pans to their rims with finer soil. After this is pressed down moderately firmly, it will be about \ inch from the top, and will thus allow room for watering, , The soil should consist of good loam two parts, and decayed leaf-soil and sand, half a part each, the whole to be well mixed and sifted through a \ inch mesh sieve. Scatter OLD-FASHIONED SNAPDRAGONS. 1 6 ONM &fi ALL GARDEN SOOKS the seed, which is small, thinly on the surface, and then just cover it with silver sand or very finely sifted soil. Give a light watering, cover with a pane of glass, and stand in a frame or greenhouse, where the temperature is as advised above. As soon as germination has taken place, keep the boxes or pans close to the glass of the frame or house, and remove the pane of glass used for covering each receptacle, sturdy growth now being our object. By the time the seedlings are an inch high they must be pricked off 3 inches apart each way, into other boxes or pans, which may well be 4 inches or 5 inches deep, using the same soil, mixture as advised for seed sowing, but in a coarser condition. If more convenient, thofoughly decayed, flaky manure may take the place of the leaf-soil. For a few days after the pricking off it wfiH be necessary to keep the seedlings in a rather close atmosphere and shaded from bright sunshine, but when they are established in their new quarters, as indicated by new growth, they must be given fiill light, kept near the glass, and given an abundance of fresh air. We must remember that we are dealing with a plant that is, under natural conditions, quite hardy, and any coddling must end in partial or total failure. If sown at the time advised the plants will, by the beginning of April, be several inches high, and by the middle of the month a hardening-off process must be commenced. This is done by placing, the plants in a cool frame (one unheated will do) and gradually giving them more ventilation, until, by the early part of May, they will have been used to the light being entirely removed, and therefore in a fit condition to be planted in their flowering quarters. ^^ Chapter IV. General Culture. Haying now obtained our plants, we must consider the best methods of growing them to produce flowers. Naturally the soil is the first consideration, and happily this does not present any serious difficulties. Providing it is well drained and porous, and not very rich, the plants will grow and flower well. Heavily manured soil will induce gross growth at the expense of flowers. Those whose soil is naturally of a clayey and retentive nature may easily render it suitable by adding to it a rather heavy dressing, say three barrow-loads to a square rod, of old mortar rubbish, sand, road-sweepings, or burnt earth, the old mortar being particularly suitable for the plants. Thorough digging of the beds or borders is essential, and this should, if possible, be done a week or two in advance of planting, otherwise it must be trodden down after digging, as ANTIRRHINUMS 17 fiL ?'"""" ^'^^^^ ^™ '""^'"g "^^^i"'"- Plants raised nZwf '°'^J^ '" .1^''^""* ""^y S° '"t" their permanent quarters, providing they are prepared by then, about the middle of April, but the early part or middle of May is a good time to put out plants from cuttings or from seeds sown in early spring. Remove all seed pods as early as possible, and if it is desired to retain the old plants through the winter they should be cut hard back when flowering is finished. The Plants in Beds. We have seen how the soil should be prepared for the plants, and we must now consider the suitability of the Antirrhinum for various positions. As a bedding plant to provide a display of flowers during late summer and early autumn it is surpassed by few. Before we proceed, further attention must be drawn to the three distinct types of the plant, viz., tall, medium, and dwarf The first-named grows from 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet high in well-cultivated soil, the dwarf I foot, and the medium about half way between the two, a varied assortment of colours being found in each type, and to which attention will be drawn later. The tall varieties will need staking and tying. Generally speaking, the medium and dwarf types are best for beds, although, where very large, isolated beds are to be filled, and a bold display is desired, the tall, medium, and dwarf varieties may all be employed. It is preferable to fill a bed with Antirrhinums alone ; combined with other plants, half their beauty is lost. Naturally the colours employed will depend upon individual taste, but I would warn anyone against employing an indis- criminate mixture of colours in one bed. Where a bold display is to be made, I am in favour of using one colour, or shades of a colour, only in a bcrd, and in such a case, of course, any of the colours available may be chosen, A good and striking mixture is deep rich crimson and white. ONE & ALL WHITE ANTIRRHINUM. 1 3 ONE 6- ALL GARDEN BOOKS Thus the centre of the bed might be filled with a crimson variety belonging to the medium type, and this surrounded with a broad band of a dwarf white sort. The beautiful terra- cotta and delicate pink shades go well together, but other colours ought not to be mixed with them. Yellow is a difficult colour to use in beds, and should either be kept by itself or used in conjunction with white. The distance apart to plant must next be thought of The Antirrhinum is naturally a branching plant, and nothing is to be gained by overcrowding. For beds the tall varieties should be planted 15 inches apart, the medium 12 inches, and the dwarf 9 inches. In planting see that the roots are disturbed as little as possible, and use a trowel for the work in preference to a dibber. If the soil advised was used for cuttings and seedlings it will be found that they have made a mass of fibrous roots, and the plants will not suffer a severe check at planting time, though, should the weather be warm and dry, it will be' advisable to give them water for a day or two until established. Antirrhinums as Border Plants. For filling up blank spaces in the mixed or herbaceous border, the various types of the Antirrhinum are of consider- able value. Generally speaking the medium and tall forms are best for this purpose, but where gaps occur near the front of the border, the dwarf varieties may sometimes be used to advantage. Where groups of such bulbs as Daffodils and Tulips are grown in the border, the Antirrhinums may be planted between them, so that by the time the foliage of the bulbs is dead, the Snapdragons will have formed sturdy plants, and have filled what would otherwise have been a blank space. When planting in borders it is advisable to allow a little more space, say 3 inches for each type, between the plants than advised for beds, as it is not so essential or desirable that the plants shall form a close mass of foliage and flowers. The same attention to the arrangement of the various colours must be given, and it will also be necessary to bear in mind the colours of the flowers of other plants close by that are likely to be open at the same time. Antirrhinums in Window-boxes and Tubs. Even those who do Hot possess beds and borders in which to grow the Snapdragons need not despair, as they can be successfully grown in window-boxes and tubs, even in large towns, and possess the advantage of thriving in soil that would be too poor for the welfare of many other plants. Thq ANTIRRHINUMS 19 boxes or tubs should be well drained by placing some pieces of broken pots, bricks, or, failing these, rough stones or even cinders over the holes in the bottom, then put some rough soil over these, and subsequently fill up with the best soil obtainable. For preference it should consist of good loam two parts, and coarse sand and old mortar half a part each. Whatever soil is used the incorporation of some old mortar will benefit the plants. If necessary, seed may be sown in the boxes or tubs in August, and the seedlings thinned to 9 inches apart ready for flowering the following summer. This, however, is not advisable where it can be avoided. It is much better to obtain plants in the spring and plant when Pupa. APHIS OR GREENFLY. (See page 20.) and as advised for bedding. Usually the dwarf or medium varieties are best for the purposes named, and it is advisable to keep one colour, or shades of a colour, together. Antirrhinums in Walls. Where an old stone or brick wall is available this will form an ideal situation for growing the Snapdragon in a natural and semi-wild manner, and once the plants are established, they may usually be relied upon to reproduce themselves year after year. The medium and dwarf varieties are best for the purpose, and a good mixture will generally give the most pleasure, although, of course, individual taste must be con- sidered. In any case do not choose named varieties, as these are generally highly bred, and do not possess the same vigour as ordinary seedlings. The best means of establishing these plants, on old walls is undoubtedly by seeds, and these should be sown in August or September. The joints between the stones or bricks may have a little of the mortar dug out with a cold chisel or an old 20 ONM 6= ALL GARDES' BOOKS knife, and, although the plants can be made to grow in the side of the wall near the top, they usually do better on the top itself Holes two inches deep will suffice, and into these some good ordinary potting soil should be rammed rather firnily. After this is done a few seeds maybe sown in each hole, pressed well into the soil, and then left to take th,eir chance. The object of putting the soil there is to give the seedlings a good start ; once established, they will derive enough nourishment from the mortar, and though their growth may be somewhat stunted, they will flower profusely. The colours of the flowers of plants growing, in walls always appear to me to be richer than those of similar varieties growing in cultivated soil. In the Wild Garden. In many large establishments there is a portion- of ' the grounds set apart for a wild garden, i.e., a garden where hardy plants are introduced, and subsequently allowed to reproduce themselves more or less as they would in their natural haunts, a watchful eye being kept on the various families so that one does not take undue advantage over another. In some portions of such a garden, providing the soil is well drained and not too clayey, the tall and medium types of the Antir- rhinum may be relied upon to do well, and create masses of colour that will be highly appreciated during the late summer and autumn months. They may be introduced either by sowing _ seeds at the time advised for other purposes, or by putting out plants in cultivated patches in spring, a good rnixture being the most suitable for the purpose. The dwarf varieties usually are of little use for the wild garden. Chapter V. Insect Pests and Diseases. The only insect that the writer knows of that is likely to cause any serious injury is aphis. Both the green and black forms of this pest will, at times, eff"ect a lodgment in the growing tips of the plants, and in the case of young seedlings will cause serious damage if allowed to remain undisturbed; Happily this pest is not difficult to eradica,te. dipping the plants in, or spraying them with, a solution of soft soap and water (3 ozs. soap to a gallon of water), to which a little quassia extract has been added, being sufficient to kill the pest. The operation should, however, be repeated at inter- vals of three days for about three times. I have never seen any plant seriously attacked by a fungus. ADVERTISEMENTS SEED LABELS, PLANT LABELS, FOR HORTICULTURISTS. "^*'® '^Bf^t^^^" ^°]^ °,^ ^ ^°^'""g Waterproof Labels (50 Plant and 10 beed Labels) 8 assorted colours. Special Pencil. Price Sixpence. « « ^ . . To be obtained from ONE & ALL Agents. "SEANDAR" PLANT LABELS in quantities :- ^ 2/6 4/6 8/6 12/6 15/9 19/. Packed in Boxes Post Pa^d. To be obtained only from the Makers- ^RTWRIGHT & RATTRAY, Limited, HYDE, CHESHIRE. Dew Drop Sprinkler for lawn and garden watering. 1 vm FOUNTAIN EFFECT. Adjustable Nut Raised. LAWN SPRAY. Adjustable Nut Screwed Down Tight. Price S/- complete, with pedestal and base attachment. Adiustiible nut provided to give fine or large spray as requlredi No revolving parts to get out of order, Jones O Att^w^ood, Limited, Stourbridge. VIU ADVERTISEMENTS GREENING'S SHILLING SERIES are done up in a neat frontispiece and wrapper IN PREPARATION. DON O'S LOVE STORY. K. AND Hesketh Prichari). THE VOICE OF THE CHARMER. L.T.Meade. THE CHARLATAN. Robert Buchanan and Henrv Murray. BILLY BELLEW. W. E. Notris. THE DEAD MAN'S SECRET. J. E. Muddock. THE SORCERESS. Mrs. Oliphant. ALREADY PUBLISHED. THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL. Baroness Orczy. I WILL REPAY. Baroness Orczy. SEEN AND UNSEEN. E. Katherine Bates. THE GIRL AND THE GODS. Charlotte Mansfield. THE DEGRADATION OF GEOFFREY ALWITH. M. Roberts. FROM THE BOOK BEAUTIFUL. Guy Thorne. THE DUPE. Gerald Biss. OSCAR WILDE : The Story of an Unhappy Friendship. R. H. Sherard. A MARRIAGE IN BURMAH. Mrs. Chan-Toon. red eloth binding, with by a well-known artist. PORTALONE. C. Ranger Gull. THE WHITE ROSE MYSTERY. Gerald Biss. THE EMPEROR'S CANDLESTICKS. Baroness Orczy. A MAID OF BRITTANY. May Wynne. A SON OF THE PEOPLE. Baroness Obczy. BEAU BROCADE. Baroness Okczy. GENTLEMAN GARNETT : Bushranger. H. B. Vogel. MAYFAIR. Winifred Gkaham. THE TANGLED SKEIN. Baroness Orczy. WHEN TERROR RULED. May Wynne. HENRY OF NAVARRE. May Wynne. THE SILVER GATE. C. Forestiee Walker. THE WOMAN IN THE CASE. C. Ranger Gull. THE CASE OF MISS ELLIOTT. Baroness Orczy. THE ADMIRABLE TINKER. Edgar Jepson. THE POTENTATE. Francis Forbes Robertson. THE SPLENDID COWARD. Houghton Townley. CASTLES IN KENSINGTON. Reginald Turner. ONE SHILLING NET. GREENING & CO., LTD., 91, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, W.C. BALUN'S PUBLICATIONS BABY: Founded by the late Mrs. ADA S. BALLIN in 1887, THE MOTHERS' MAGAZINE. A Guide to the Health, Dress, Pood, Educa- tion, and General ManaKement of Children. Monthly, 4ii. Yearly, post free, Jj. Every Mother should Feed her Baby, Educate her Baby, Dress her Baby, and Manag:e her Baby on the Scientific and Healthy Principles taught in the pages of BABY : The Mothers' Magazine. ORDER THROUGH ANY BOOKSELLER. SEND FOR LIST OF THE "Mothers' Guide" SERIES OF BOOKLETS. These contain expert advice and instruction for Mothers and Nurses on all matters relating to Children, from birth to school age, and are invaluable guides in times of perplexity. Single copy, 6d, By post, *]d. Third Edition. Foolscap 4to., cloth, fully illus- trated. Price qj. 6d. THE KINDERGARTEN SYSTEM EXPLAINED. By the late Mrs. ADA S. BALLIN and Miss ELINOR A. WELLDON, Government htspeciress of Schools in the Tratisvaal, formerly Head Mistress of the Kindergarten TraiH' in^ Depart^netU of the Ladies* College^ Chelietiham, Revised and brought down to present-day methods by y\\^%^-EA^iE,lA.QL.\¥'^ , Head Mistress tinder tkeL.CM The work is clearly expressed and copiously illus- trated, and constitutes an invaluable help to teachers, also enabling parents themselves to undertake the home teaching of their children. Price ij., or bound in Pegamoid Washable Cloth, ij. td. Second Edition. Nursery Cookery By a FIRST-CLASS DIPLOMfeE Of the National Training Scliaol oj Cookery, and . former Lecturer Jor the East Suffolk County Council Edited by the late Mrs. ADA S. BALLIN. F. L. BALLIN, 32, George Street, Hanover Square, London, W. ADVERTISEMENTS IX ONE 2f ALL THE BRAND GUARANTEES ONE & ALL QUALITY. See the Brand on EVERY Packet. Established 1867. The following Selection of Antirrhinum (Snap-Dragon) can be grown from One & All Seeds. To be obtained from One & All Agents in packets, sealed, signed, branded, and dated. 528 — Antirrhinum, choice mixed. Height ij ft. ; flowers various. Pkt. 3d. 2^ Antirrhinum, choice mixed. Pkt. Id. l872^Antirrhinum, tall crimson. Height 2 ft. Pkt. 3d. 1873-r-Antirrhinum, rose. Height 2 ft. Pkt. 3d. 1874 — Antirrhinum, white. Height 2 ft. Pkt. 3d. 187s — Antirrhinum, yellow. Height 2 ft. Pkt. 3d. 191 1 — Antirrhinum, grandiflower brill- iant. Height 2 ft. ; flowers scarlet and yellow with white throat. Pkt. 6d. igo8 — Antirrhinum, grandiflorum, Queen Victoria. Height 2 ft. ; flowers large pure white. Pkt. 6d. igog — Antirrhinum, grandiflorum Lu- teum. Height 2 ft. ; flowers light yellow. Pkt. 6d. igio — Antirrhinum, tall Kermesina Splendens. Height 2 ft. ; flowers bright crimson. Pkt. 6d. 1912— Antirrhinum Striatum. Height 2 it. ; flowers white and yellow with red stripes. Pkt. 6d. I3g7 — Antirrhinum, choice mixed, large flowered varieties. Pkt. 6d. 529 — Antirrhinum Tom Thumb, Crim- son King. Height i ft. Pkt. 6d. 530- 531- 532- 1914- 19 15- igi6- J913- 1917- ig40- 1941- 1876 1942 -Antirrhinum, White Queen, Height I ft. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Yellow Prince. Height I ft. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum Thumb, choice mixed. Height I ft. ; flowers various. . Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Dwarf. Atro- coccineion. Height ij ft. ; flowers dark scarlet. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Black Prince. Height ij ft. Pkt. 6d. Nearly black ; small dark leaves. -Antirrhinum, Carmine. Height Ij ft. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Galather. Height ij ft. ; flowers crimson, with white throat. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Gloriosum. Height ij ft. ; flowers carmine, with white throat. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, grandiflorum, Ros- eum. Height 2 ft. ; flowers rose. Pkt. 6d. -Antirrhinum, Pink Empress. Height ij ft. Pkt. 6d. —Antirrhinum, Queen of the North. Height ij ft. ; flowers white. Pkt. 6d. —Antirrhinum, choice mixed. Height I J ft. ; flowers various. Pkt. 6d. ONE & ALL is- the registered Trade Mark of the AQRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION, LIMITED. Name and address " nearel^Vocal agent, catalogues and other details post free °fLap£^'-g"J° EDWARD OWEN QREENINQ, Managmg Director, Wholesale beed Warehouses, 92, Long Acre, W.C. ANTIRRHINUM ADVERTISEMENTS A PAPER THAT WILL SAVE YOU POUNDS. THE SMALLHOLDER A JOURNAL FOR ALLOTMENT HOLDERS. POULTRY FARMERS. SMALL OWNERS. MARKET GARDENERS. LIVESTOCK BREEDERS. BEE KEEPERS. Special Articles on- Market Gardening. Duck-Raising. Profitable Pig-Keeping. Crops, Bee-Keeping, Dairy. Co-operation. No Smallholder Can Afford To Be Without "The Smallholder." Get a Copy of all Newsagents, or 28, MAIDEN LANE, W.C. ONE PENNY. Every Thursday. How I Work My One Acre. French Gardening. The Value of Co operation in Stock-Raising. Planting and Pruning. Hints on Poultry-Keeping. '',•