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 THE EISENLOHR COLLECTION IN 
 EGYPTOLOGY AND ASSYRIOLOGY ' 
 
 PRESENTED TO CORNELI< UNIVERSITY BY 
 
 1902 
 
 J^./.../..-M 
 
LU&i-fool - FREE' PUBLtC LIBRARY, MUSEUM, 
 ,,, I^AYER COLLECTION, 
 AND WALKER ART GALLERY, 
 
 'or THE CITY OF 
 
 LIVERPOOL 
 
 MUSEUxM REPORT, No, 5. 
 MAYER COLLECTION REPORT, No. 1. 
 
 TRANSLATION OF HIERATIC PAPYRI, 
 ^ MAYER A. & B., 
 
 'BY ' _ 
 
 WILHELM: SPIEGELBERa, stod. phil., 
 
 STRAaSBURG. ., ' 
 
 LIVERPOOL: : * 
 
 J, k! WILLIAMS & go., printers, 8, SCHOOL LANE. 
 
 r - 18W. ,: 
 
^Hd-^ 
 
 ^^6^1^% 
 
To Mr. Peter Entwistle, Assistant Curator, Mayer Museum. 
 
 Most honobed Sie, 
 
 The completion of the promised work has occupied me 
 longer than I had expected ; perhaps, however, not long 
 enough. For a still closer and more prolonged study 
 might perhaps have thrown light on some points 
 which in my translation remain dark. But the wish 
 to discharge as soon as possible the debt of thanks 
 which I owe to the Directors of your Museum has im- 
 pelled me to lift without further delay the veil from 
 this treasure of which Liverpool is so justly proud. 
 Some twenty years ago, as you are aware, your 
 countryman, the lamented Goodwin, directed the 
 attention of scholars to this Papyrus in two articles 
 in the Berlin Journal of Egyptology, and interpre- 
 ted its contents with the acumen which he possessed 
 in so rare a degree. Professor Eisenlohr of Heidelberg, 
 at a meeting of the Congress of Orientalists in Vienna 
 in 1886, came to a discussion of the Liverpool Papy- 
 rus, but because of the imperfection of^ the copies 
 at his disposal was imable to reach any more 
 definite results than those of Goodwin. The 
 accompanying complete translation is based upon 
 an exact study, during eight days, of the 
 original Papyrus, which was made possible to 
 me only through the unsurpassed kindness 
 and courtesy of the Directors of the Museum. 
 My translation, made in German, has been re-translated 
 into English by a friend and fellow-student, Mr. Charles 
 Torrey, to whom I take this opportunity of expressing my 
 warmest thanks.'^' 
 
 (1) In accordaince with the wish of Herr Bpiegelberg, the translation has been 
 made to follow the original as closely as possible, even at a sacrifice of English 
 idiom.— Tfto English Translator. 
 
The- events described in our Papyrus fall in the reign of 
 Rameses X, one of the last Pharaohs of the XXth Dynasty 
 (c. 1080 B.C.) — The scene is Thebes, the capital of Egypt at 
 that time. This will suffice for the understanding of what 
 follows. And now we will let the Papyrus speak for itself 
 after its silence of almost thirty centuries.'^' 
 
 Papyrus Maykr A. 
 I. 
 " In the first year of the reign of Eameses X, on the 
 15th of Mesore, on this day were brought to trial 
 those who had committed theft in the tombs 
 of the king, the mighty God, Rameses II, and in the 
 temple of the king Sety I, which lies by the treasury 
 of the temple of Rameses III. Namely those thieves, a- 
 gainst whom the Prefect of Police Nessuamon had 
 given information in the list of names ; for he had him- 
 self stood among them as tljey laid hands on the 
 tombs. 
 
 As they were brought to trial, the rack was applied 
 to their hands and feet, to make them give an exact 
 account of the manner of their crime." 
 
 Here follow the names of the members 
 of the Trial Commission : 
 " Ranebmanachtu, Prefect of the City and Governor, 
 Ramenmanachtu, Lord of the Treasury and of the Granaries, 
 Yny,(3) Lord High Steward and Royal Seal Officer(*) 
 
 Rameryamon, Fan-bearer to Pharaoh, Overseer of the Pa- 
 lace, and Royal Seal-Officer, the Secretary of Pharaoh 
 
 The Trial. 
 Pikamen,(5) one of the Overseers of the Herds of the god Amon, was 
 
 (2) In the translation, uncertain words or expressions are marked by an 
 
 asterisk *, untranslated ]^assages by dots destroyed passages by a 
 
 dash -. The letter N is used ior proper names where the reading is uncertain. 
 
 (3) A uon-I!gyptian name. 
 
 (4) This is the interpretation given by the well-lmown Egyptologist Brugsch, in 
 his recent excellent work, " Die Aegyptologie," page 227, where a detailed explana- 
 tion of the title may be found. 
 
 (5) The title which stands here and in many other places in the document I have 
 preferred to leave untranslated, because of uncertainty as to its meaning. 
 
3 
 
 brought forward. He was made to take oatK by the 
 name of the king that he would speak no untruth. 
 They said to him : How didst thou go with those who 
 were with thee, to commit this theft in the Royal tombs 
 which lie by the treasury of Rameses III ? He said : I went 
 with the priest Toschere " and iive others," six in all. The 
 Prefect of Police Nessuamon wasbroughtforward. They said to him ; 
 In what way didst thou find these men ? He said : I heard 
 that the men were going in haste to steal from this tomb. 
 So I went thither and found these six men. Pikamen has 
 told the truth. And I brought them to trial on that day. 
 
 The thief Pikamen, Guardsman of the 
 
 temple of Amon, Overseer of the Herds of Amon, was then 
 examined by beating with the stick. The bastinade was 
 given upon his feet and hands. He swore : May I be put 
 to death if I lie 1 I did exactly what I have told you. 
 He reaffirmed it with his mouth, saying : I did 
 what they did. I was with these six men, and I took 
 an^^' object and took possession of it. 
 
 The thief Nessumontu was brought forward. He was 
 examined by beating with the stick. The basti- 
 nade was given upon his feet and hands. He swore : May 
 I be put to death if I lie ! They said to liim : What 
 was the manner of the theft which thou and thy 
 companions committed in the tomb? He said : I went 
 and found these men. I was the sixth ; and I took a- 
 way an<^' object and took possession of it. 
 
 II. 
 
 The Guardsman Kalu, of the temple of Amon, was brought 
 forward. He was examined by beating with the stick. 
 The bastinade was given upon his feet and hands. He 
 swore : May I be put to death if I lie I They said to him : 
 What wate the manner of thy going, with these thy 
 companions, to steal from the tomb ? He said : N. 
 gave me some grain to carry, and I got possession 
 
 (6) The word occurs only in this passage, and its signification is not yet deter- 
 mined. 
 
of a sack and a certain'''^ kind of grain. As I descen- 
 ded, I heard the voices of the men who were in this 
 granary. I looked into the cave and saw there Pi- 
 bok and Toschere. I called to him : Holla ! He came 
 forth to me, with two pieces* of copper in his hands. 
 These he gave to me, and I gave him in return 1-^ 
 sacks of spelt. One of these pieces I kept for myself, 
 the other I gave to Anefsti. 
 
 The priest Nesuamon, son of Pibok, was brought for- 
 ward on account of his father. He was examined by 
 beating with the stick. They said to him : Tell us how 
 thy father went with those men who were his com- 
 panions. He said : My father was there, truly ; but as 
 I was then but a child, I do not know the way he did 
 it. He was (further) examined and said : I saw the 
 workman AAutinofer together with the guardsman 
 Nofer, son of Merw6r* and the workman N., three in 
 all. I saw them distinctly. It is true that gold was 
 being carried away, and these (three men) I know. He 
 was examined by beating and said : These three men I 
 saw distinctly. 
 
 WonpeAuti, son of Todeby,* Temple Weaver, was brought 
 forward. He was examined by beating with the stick. The 
 bastinade was given upon his feet and hands. He was 
 made to take oath by the name of the king that he 
 would speak no untruth. They said to him : How 
 did thy father go, with his companions, to com- 
 mit this theft? He said : My father was killed, while 
 I was but a child, and my mother told me : The Pre- 
 fect of Police took away some pieces* of copper 
 belonging to thy father and the Mercenary officers 
 killed thy father. They suppressed the investigation and 
 Nesuamon took the copper and delivered it to me. 
 It remains (now) in the possession of my mother. 
 
 (7) Here, again the exact meauiug of the word is unknown. 
 
5 
 
 III. 
 
 Anury, one of the women of the city, the courtesan 
 of the priest Toschere, son of Zoda, was brought for- 
 ward. She was examined by beating with the stick. 
 The bastinade was given upon her feet and hands. 
 She was made to take oath by the name of the king, 
 that she would speak no untruth. They said to 
 her : In what way did thy husband (sic !) break into the 
 tombs and take away the copper ? She said : He took 
 some of the copper which belonged in these tombs, and 
 we sold it and spent it. 
 
 On the 17th of Mesore were brought to trial certain of the 
 men who had stolen from the Necropolis." 
 
 The trial was concerning five thieves, and 
 after the usual legal forms with which the reader 
 is already acquainted, their acquittal is declared 
 in the words " he was found innocent of the thefts ; 
 he was set at liberty." The record in the case of 
 the fifth thief is somewhat different. 
 
 " Pennestitowe, the Butcher, son of Besa, was brought 
 
 forward. The Pirpith^w* of the temple 
 
 of Amon, had said : He was in these places, though 
 I did not see him with my eye. He was 
 examined by beating with the stick and the ba- 
 stinade was given upon his feet and hands. He ■ was 
 made to take oath by the name of the king that he 
 would speak no untruth. They said to him : How 
 didst thou go with Buchaaf to 
 
 those places where, according to the statement of 
 
 this Pirpith^w,* thou wa^t ? He said : 
 
 He has lied ; for he did not see it. Then the 
 
 Pirpithew* was brought forward and they 
 
 said to him : What hast thou to testify Y He said : 
 Woe to these men ! The guardsman Buchaaf stole a 
 bullock from the stall-master AAutinofei", 
 
 together with the chief butcher* Amench^w, son 
 
 of Zoda. Then said the Princes (i.e., the Judges) : Let 
 
Buchaaf be brought forward ! He was brought, and 
 they said to him : What hast thou to testify? He 
 said : He (Pennestitowe) was not with me. Alas, for 
 what has happened ! I saw him with Amench^w, son 
 of Zoda, and Nessuamon, son of Azedo. 
 
 IV. 
 
 The 16th of Mesoee. 
 
 In the second year of King Rameses X. were the thieves 
 again brought to trial. The priest Piwon/d, son of 
 Amen^otep, of the temple of (the goddess) Mut was 
 brought forward. He was again examined by beating 
 with the stick, and swore : May I be put to death, 
 if I lie ! They said to him : At the time when thou 
 first stoodest before the Judges, and it was said to 
 thee : Tell in what way thou wentest, thou saidst 
 nothing and wouldst not declare the robbery which thy 
 hand had committed. Fearful is the trial to 
 which thou shalt be brought ; 
 
 for evil was the deed which thou didst. He said : I did 
 
 not see He was examined by 
 
 beating with the stick, with a complete bastinade, 
 for the second time. He said : I did not see. Woe un- 
 to you I and uttered cries of pain. He was once more 
 brought to trial and spoke, after which he was 
 examined again. 
 
 The cook Nespicha was brought forward. He was 
 examined by beating with the stick. He was 
 made to take oath by the name of the king that he 
 would speak no untruth. They said to him : Tell 
 us how thou camest to the heap of silver, which 
 thou gavest to N. and the four heaps of silver 
 which thou gavest to the husband of Tibok. He said : 
 I will tell you how I came to it. But they found 
 falsehood in his statement, and they put him to the 
 torture.'®' Then he said : I took them from 
 the Maschwascha.'^' 
 
 (8) The expression ia the original refers to a particular manner of torture. 
 
 (9) Name of a Libyan Mercenary troop. 
 
The Writer of accounts Onchefenamon, son of PtaAem/teb, 
 was brought forward. He was examined by beating 
 with the stick. The bastinade was given upon his 
 feet and hands. He swore : May I be put to death, 
 if I lie I They said to him : Tell, how thou earnest 
 with thy brother to the places ? He said : Let a wit- 
 ness be brought to accuse me I He was examined 
 again and said : 1 did not see him (i.e. my 
 brother). He was given over to the guard to be examined. 
 
 Chonsumes, the sailor, son of Panozem, was 
 brought forward. They said to him : How didst thou 
 go, to bring the silver ? He was examined by beating 
 with the stick. He said : Hear 1 I was going with the 
 Storehouse workman Afmontu and he said : 
 Silver has been given to Nespicha for beer. He was severe- 
 ly examined by beating and given oyer to the guard. 
 
 The Storehouse workman Afmontu, of the temple of Mon- 
 tu, Lord of Hermonthis, was brought forward. They 
 said to him : What hast thou to say concerning 
 that which the sailor Nesuamon has said, he who 
 brought thee and thy companions to this side (of 
 the Nile ; i.e., to the Necropolis of Thebes), and 
 who (now) comes to accuse thee ; for thou saidst : Let 
 some one be brought to accuse me ? The sailor Nessua- 
 mon was brought forward to accuse him and said : I am he who 
 brought him over with the guardsman AhymouA. 
 He was examined again and given over to the 
 guard." 
 
 V. 
 Then follows an account of the trial of three 
 men, the proceedings being conducted in 
 the forms already known to the reader. Wor- 
 thy of notice among these men is a certain, 
 Chief-Baker, whose name Kerbaal (i.e., "Baal calls") 
 has a distinctly Phoenician sound. To the question of 
 the judges, what he had to testify, he answered : 
 " Montuseonch seized the Storehouse workman Af- 
 
enmontu and N., and examined them, saying : What 
 did you bring from thence ? I did not see it with my 
 eye. He was examined by beating with the stick and 
 given over to the guard. 
 
 The Secretary Tosehere was broughtforwardj and they said 
 to him : What hast thou to testify ? He said : 2^ Tenf^o' 
 of silver were given to me. See, 10 ket still remained. 
 But as for their statement, let it be examined." He was 
 examined and given over to the guard." 
 
 This lot also fell to his three companions. 
 " Secha/ietiamon was brought forward. They said to 
 him : What hast thou to testify ? He said : As for that 
 which I have declared before, that I say (now) also. He 
 was examined by beating with the stick. They said to 
 him : What hast thou to testify ? He said : I gave 
 some grain, three sacks, to the Guardsman of the Ne- 
 cropolis, Pinofer, and he gave me in return two ket of 
 gold. I took them from him, although the deed was 
 evil. I did not meet him, but the Guardsman A- 
 hymu/t came forth, as I was entering 
 a storehouse. I heard them, as they were standing 
 disputing about silver, saying : Let no one defraud 
 his companion ! " 
 
 The following three persons, Pikamon of the 
 archives of Amon, Thanany,* work- 
 
 man of the Necropolis, and the Inspector Pii're- 
 secher, priest of (the god) Chonsu, were given over 
 to the guard after the customary examination. 
 
 VI. 
 
 " The men who were brought to trial bound* : 
 Achumenu, Inspector of Fields, was brought for- 
 ward. .They said to him : How camest thou to this sil- 
 ver, which according to the statement of Buchaaf 
 was given to thee ? He said : I received 5 ket of gold, 
 1 ten of silver and two bullocks from Buchaaf and 
 
 (10 A Weight, = 10 Ket. 1 Ket = about 9 1 grains. 
 
1 received 2 ten of silver from Amencli^, son of 
 Mutemwa. The sum of that which' was in his pos- 
 session was 5 ket of gold, 3 ten of silver and two 
 bullocks. Then said the Governor to him : Give us 
 the silver. He said : I have (already) given it." 
 
 The three following accused were acquitted 
 after a short trial. 
 " Pias, son of Pikiny, of the temple of Amon, was 
 brought to trial. They said to him : What hast thou 
 to say concerning this silver, which Buchaaf gave 
 to thee ? He said : I received 2 ten of silver and 
 gave a return for it. He was set at liberty." 
 
 The trial of the two others differs 
 
 from this in no important respect. 
 
 VII. 
 
 The last column of our leaf bears the superscription : ^ 
 " In the second year, on the 13th of Thot. The names 
 of the thieves from the tombs of Pharaoh." 
 
 Here follows a list of the names of fourteen 
 persons, one of them a woman. After this fol- 
 lows a list of the names of eight persons (one 
 of them a woman) brought together under the 
 rubric, " Persons who were arrested on the 
 10 + Xth<ii) of Paophi." 
 
 VIII. J 
 
 The following passage does not follow the prece- 
 ding directly, although its contents are very simi- 
 lar. Several lines are wanting at the beginning. 
 
 " What has happened ! They say he went 
 
 with me, but he did not go with me. He was exa- 
 mined again by beating with the stick. They said to 
 him : Name the other places which thou didst o- 
 pen. He said : I opened this tomb of the King's 
 wife Nesmut, and it was I who opened the tomb of 
 Bakwernur, wife of king Sety I, three in all. 
 
 (11) The latter part of the number is destroyed. 
 
10 
 
 The governor said to liiin : Tell me whence thou 
 
 tookest this silver ! " 
 
 The answer to this question contains mention 
 of the objects stolen (gold, silver, stuifs), which 
 the thieves had divided equally among themselves. 
 
 " Oscheftamonemw^se said : As for those things concerning 
 which Buchaaf has declared that they are in the 
 hand* of Amennachtu, his sister gave them to the 
 steward." 
 
 The two following accused were summoned on the 
 ground of charges made by the slave Degasy. The 
 first is a slave Amenpatobe, the second " the 
 Sandal-bearer'^^' BakaAutinofer under the direction of the 
 Governor of Aethiopia". After the customary tortures 
 and oath, he is asked : 
 
 " What hadst thou to do with the tombs of Pharaoh, 
 which thou didst rob ? He said : That is a lie. I did 
 not see them. Let the Inspector of the city be brought 
 (to bear witness). I stood by certain with cer- 
 tain stonemasons.*" 
 
 Degasy himself is now brought and confesses 
 that he did not see the accused, who is 
 accordingly acquitted. Wonuamon, " Mason of 
 the temple of Amon" is in like manner acquitted. 
 
 IX. 
 
 The next column continues the trial in the same 
 monotonous strain. The trial of a certain " fisherman 
 of the prince of the city " may perhaps be specially 
 mentioned. 
 
 " He was examined by beating with the stick. The bas- 
 tinade was given upon his feet and hands. He was 
 made to take oath that he would speak no un- 
 truth, and they said to him : How didst thou 
 carry the thieves across (the Nile)? He said : I carried the thieves 
 
 (12) A very similar title occurs on a stele (154) iu your Museum, belonging to the 
 reign of Amenophis III 
 
11 
 
 across, and they gave me a sack of grain and two 
 loaves of bread. There were found (on the thieves) two 
 ket of gold. He was set at Hberty." 
 
 Then follows the trial of three men. To the last of 
 them, "the Guardsman Nessuamon of the Temple 
 of Amon under the direction of the Overseer of the 
 herds of Amon," was said after the custo- 
 mary legal forms : " Thou didst dwell with Ahy- 
 mu/j, this brother of Afenamon, who is an officer of 
 the mercenaries. Thou wast with him in these 
 places. He said : That is a lie. I did not see him 
 and I did not go with him. He was examined by 
 beating. The rack was apphed to his feet and hands. 
 He was found inijocent of the thefts and was set 
 at liberty. 
 
 X. 
 
 The column which follows bears the superscrip- 
 tion 
 
 " The thieves of the Necropolis, who were tried, who 
 Were found on the spot." 
 
 There follows accordingly a list of the names 
 of twenty thieves. 
 
 XI. 
 
 The Xltli column contains also a list of 
 
 "The thieves from the Tombs in the second 
 month, on the tenth day." 
 
 On the margin there is also a list of women who 
 were thrown into prison. These are for the most 
 part the wives of the thieves. 
 
 XII. 
 
 " The trial of certain thieves from the tombs. / 
 Nesamon, son of Pibok, said : I saw A/mtinofer 
 and N. Let them be brought forward ! AAuti- 
 nofer, son of Amenchlw, was then brought forward. He 
 was made to take oath by the name of the king, that 
 he would speals no untruth. He was put on trial and 
 
12 
 
 said : Certain men came, as I had taken possession of 
 the place, and persecuted certain of my father's ser- 
 vants. And Piliati, one of the men, seized me and 
 
 dragged me away to Apap^^^'^' 
 
 (And after some time) the tombs were 
 
 plundered and they took possession of them. Just as they 
 had finished,* the prince of the Necropolis, Pismennecht- 
 tu the secretary of the Treasury, N., the Writer of 
 Accounts and Zodamon came and took from 
 me the wood which belonged to the Storehouse. 
 I had not set fire to it ; but they broiight in certain 
 men and secretly set fire to it. As for the place 
 where the other tombs are, the firewood of the 
 mason lay there, as I came to cut wood. He said : Let 
 the witness be brought ! Nesamon son of Pibok was 
 brought forward and they said to him : What hast 
 thou to say to these three men of whom thou 
 hast spoken ? He said : They were seen as they were 
 hastening to this burial place. (He was asked :) What 
 happened ? (He answered :) They were seen as they were 
 opening this Storehouse. However I did not see 
 them as they were opening this Storehouse. I said 
 it out of fear.(i3' AAutinofer was brought forward, and they said to 
 him : Thou didst go into this storechamber. He 
 said : I stored there wood and coals, belonging 
 to the temple, which lay in the stall, as the guards- 
 man of this storehouse has announced.* 
 
 Anefsu was brought forward. 
 
 He was made to take oath by the name 
 of the king that he would speak no untruth. He was 
 put on trial, and said : As I was sitting there, Ka- 
 lu brought* some grain. And as I descended, 1 
 found the priest Toschere and the Secretary Pi- 
 bok, who were standing there and plundering 
 in the Storehouse, and I saw them stan- 
 
 (12a) A Village in the neighbourhood of Thebes. 
 
 (13) As Chief of Police, Nesamon had the duty of bringing all such matters at 
 once to the notice of tiie authorities, even if his information came from a third 
 party. If he neglected this he was severely punished. Hence this last sentence. 
 
13 
 
 ding at the bolt of the door. They brought me 
 .about eight pieces* of copper and two sticks of wood 
 and gave them to me together with Kalu. . . . 
 
 I paid for it, I do not Imow how 
 
 much.* " 
 
 Our trial closes with the examination of a man, 
 named UserAatnachtu. 
 
 Papyrus Mayer B. 
 The last leaf, judging from the chirography, does not 
 belong with the two which we have considered, although 
 its contents are very similar. It contains the testimony 
 of a man whose name is lost together with the first lines of 
 the leaf. The reader however will have, no difficulty in 
 understanding the part that is preserved. Whoever has 
 read or heard accounts of the modern discoveries in Egypt, 
 will see in the Fellahs now engaged in the search for anti- 
 quities, true pictures of their forefathers. But to return to 
 our document. 
 
 " copper, 150 ten. I quarreled with 
 
 him and said to him : Woe to the division 
 
 •which thou hast made with me ! Thou tookest 
 three parts and gavest me only one. Thus I 
 spake to thee. And we measured the silver, which 
 we had found, and it amounted to 3 ten of 
 silver. So he left 1 ten 5 ket of silver and had 
 (himself) taken 1 ten five ket. 
 
 After certain days came Pias to the dwelling of 
 Nessuamon and found the things lying there, and 
 took possession of them. Then Nessuamon sent to 
 me with the word : Up ! (As I came to him) there 
 sat Pias by him and said to him : As for the sil- 
 ver which thou and I found, thou gavest me 
 none of it. I am going to the policemen, (name- 
 ly) those of the Prince of the Necropolis, to tell 
 of it. Thus he spake to us. And we sought 
 to pacify him, and said to him : Take for thy 
 
14 
 
 self what has been found, but bring on thy part 
 (that which is in thy possession) ! Thus we spake 
 to him. After certain days we made common 
 cause with Pias, the smith PentaAatnachtu, 
 the smith ^Tora, and Nessuamon, five men 
 
 in all I went alone . . . 
 
 the sepulchre of the King Amenophis III., the 
 
 mighty god. And we said to Nessuamon : 
 Where is the Mescher* (a title) who was with thee ? He said 
 to us : The Mescher* has been killed together with 
 Pibok, the little,"^*^ who was with us. For he 
 did not let us out.'^^' Thus he spake 
 to us. And I spent three days in boring there. 
 On the fifth day we opened the sepulchre and 
 
 entered it. There we found a chest, which lay 
 
 [And we] opened it." 
 
 The contents of this chest (bowls, drinking 
 cups, bracelets, garments and fine linen)'^^' 
 are stated in the last four lines. 
 
 It would be like carrying coals to Newcastle, if I should 
 attempt to add anything concerning the importance of our 
 Papyrus, which has already spoken for itself. 
 
 I will remark however, that it forms a part of the legal 
 documents contained in the Egyptian Collection of the 
 British Museum, which are as yet mostly unpublished. 
 These also I was permitted to study on the spot last summer 
 through the kindness of the Directors Le Page Renouf and 
 Dr. Budge. A closer examination of the connection of our 
 Papyrus with the others might well lead to a clearing up of 
 the uncertainty in which its origin is veiled. I intend to 
 make this the subject of special investigation in the next 
 few years. 
 
 (14) A common appellation. 
 
 (15) i.e., Out of the tomb. 
 
 (16) Borne of the words here occur only in this passage. 
 
15 
 
 In all these documents we are allowed glimpses into the 
 social conditions of Egypt at the end of the XXth Dynasty. 
 The sight is a mournful one ; for we see the symptoms of a 
 State already sick unto death. Such pains as these a skilled 
 physician can mitigate for a time, but not cure. At last, 
 under the Psammetichids (663-625 B.C.), after many a 
 storm, just as the kingdom seemed to have again reached 
 its former glory, the finishing stroke came. The Persian 
 king trod the soil of Egypt with his T^ictorious army 
 and the succession of foreign rulers began, under whose 
 sway the dwellers in the Nile valley have bowed their 
 necks until the present time. 
 
 So much for the present concer-ning our Papyrus 1 And 
 now, my dear Sir, I have the honour to sign myself, 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 WILHELM SPIEGELBEBG. 
 
 Strassburg '/ Elsass, Feb. 5, 1891. 
 
'66 Sprechsaal. 
 
 Aus einem Briefe des Herrn IlL Spiegelberg" 
 
 an C. Bezold. 
 
 Strassburg- i. E, 24. 2. 1891. 
 
 Auf einem der Ostraca, welche ich im letzten 
 
 Sommer im Brit. Museum kopierte, fand ich unter dem 
 zusammenhanglosen Gekritzel eines agyptischen Schreibers 
 den Namen 
 
 1^1 
 
 rf; - d\ 
 
 der wohl zweifelsohne die agyptische Umschrift des aus den 
 Amarna-Briefen bekannten mitannischen Namens Artatama 
 
 ist. ' und ^^ J drucken in dieser Transcription die 
 
 Vokale aus. Nach dem Schriftcharacter zu urteilen, ge- 
 hort das Ostracon etwa dem Ende der Dynastie XIX an, 
 jener Zeit, in der vvir in Aegypten auf Schritt und Tritt 
 fremden Einfliissen begegnen. Der eben erwahnte Name 
 lehrt uns, dass sich unter den vielen Auslandern, welche 
 damals im Nilthale weilten, auch Angehorige des Landes 
 Mitanni befanden . . 
 
 Milkill. 
 
 Von C. Bezold. 
 
 Die Lesung des Namens des bekannten Briefstellers 
 einiger el-Amarna-Tafeln , fiir die ich zwischen Milkili 
 und hkili schwankte {Allg. Zeitung 1888, Beil., S. 4282), 
 wahrend Winckler likili las (AZ 1889, S. 57; Inhaltsverz. 
 zu Thontafelf. II 2), wird zu Gunsten Budge's (PSBA 1888, 
 PP- 543. 547) entschieden durch Berlin (Wincklek), Nr. 149, 
 Z. 6: T ^^t *-i\- ^I^ ^, d. i. Mi-il-ki-ili\ Z. 16 ibidem 
 bietet die gewohnliche Orthographic des ersten Elements: 
 
 y tr<lfy ^1^ ]^, und Nr. 199, Z. 12 : \ Mil-ki-lim. 
 
PJ 1681.M46" """"™"^ '-"•"^ 
 L'iniilnin.V.S!!?. °' hieratic papyri 
 
 3 1924 026 874 150 
 
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 DATE 
 
 DUE 
 
 
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