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miftlilnprji 
 
 J 
 
 Prefented to 
 The Cornell University, 1869, 
 
 BY 
 
 iGoidwin Smith, M. A. Oxon., 
 
 Regius Profeffor of Hiftory in the 
 Univerfity of Oxford. 
 
EUTHANASIA: 
 
 CANTO THE FIRST. 
 
 WITH A CHRISTMAS SONG. 
 
LONDON 
 
 PaiNTED BY SPOTTISWOODR AN0 CO. 
 
 SEW-STEBET SQITARH 
 
EUTHANASIA: 
 
 A POEM IN FOUK CANTOS OF SPENSEEIAN METEE 
 
 OH- 
 
 THE DISCOYERY OF THE NOETH-WEST PASSAGE 
 BY SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, KNIGHT. 
 
 ' the first that ever burst 
 Into that silent sea' (^Coleridge). 
 
 EEASMUS H. BRODIE 
 
 ONB OV HEB UAJEBTY'B lA'SX'ECTOKS OF SCUOOLfJ. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 
 
 1866. 
 
PKEFACE. 
 
 )HERB are two, I scarcely know what to call 
 them, notioiis or prejudices, which the writer 
 of a poem of any length and pretensions in 
 these days may expect to hear quoted. The 
 first of these is that somewhat vague and general asser- 
 tion that our age is not a poetic age, that rather it is a 
 great epoch for practical efforts and results of every sort, 
 a hard-working utilitarian time, devoted to manu- 
 factnriag, engineering, trade, commerce, and political 
 economy, but alien in its instincts and tendencies from 
 poetry, with neither leisure to cultivate it nor inclination 
 to attend to it. No very logical and precise answer can 
 be here attempted to such a statement. ' Solvitur 
 ambulando.' For my own part (let others answer the 
 objection as they think best), so far as I claiai to be a 
 poet, and may therefore feel an interest in the truth of 
 this matter, I wiU plead my belief that, even if aU this 
 be granted, still Poetry ' is not dead, but sleepeth ; ' 
 that, so long as our human nature and instincts remain 
 
vi PREFACE. 
 
 the same, so long as the world continnes to be, -what, in 
 one form or another, it always has been, a great stage of 
 acting and suffering, of snbHme endnrance, lofty resolu- 
 tion, passionate endeavour and perpetual struggle, so 
 long ■will true poetry, •which is the verbal incarnation of 
 these deeds and thoughts and scenes, command attention, 
 and awake a faithful echo in man's heart. But the poetry 
 must be good in its quality, true and human, and not 
 merely beautifol, but, as Horace says, sweet also with a 
 certain winning charm and grace, such as lovely flowers 
 seem to have, independently of their beauty of form and 
 colour. 
 
 So I have wished, nay so I have striven, to write ; with 
 what success let others judge. 
 
 The second notion, aUuded to above, is more specific 
 and precise, and cannot be so easily dismissed. This 
 does not object to poetry, but to the poem, as regards 
 the subject chosen, and asserts that no poem of any 
 length, that is of the epic nature, can be realty great or 
 interesting, unless the event of which it treats be distant 
 and remote, in time at least, if not also in place. 
 
 Since all the greatest epic poets, to say nothing of the 
 great dramatic poets of Greece, favour this belief by the 
 example of their practice, selecting for their subjects 
 events either much anterior to their own times or 
 altogether removed from the terrestrial sphere — ^whQe 
 Spenser, who really described the moving panorama of 
 his own age or of that immediately previous and passing 
 away, transported his scene to Fairy Land, and wrapped 
 his characters in allegory, thus obtaining the same effect 
 — no one can deny that the notion which I have referred 
 
PREFACE. Tii 
 
 to mnst be based mainly pn tmtti. Doubtiess, to quote 
 the -well-knowii line, in this case, as in many others, 
 
 ' Distance lends enchantment to the view.' 
 
 The exalted imagination sees with very different eyes 
 the common occurrences of every-day life, so seemingly 
 dull and trivial, so seemingly insipid and tasteless 
 (though even from these our best novehsts can paint 
 charming pictures and constructtales of exciting interest), 
 and those great events of historic import ' Portions and 
 parcels of the dreadfol Past,' which have long found 
 their recognised place of honour in the vast drama of 
 the ages. Doubtless, looking up from the hum and huzz 
 of the world around him, and fixing his gaze on some 
 memorable exploit of the mighty dead — ' The Crusades,' 
 ' The Discovery of America,' ' The Death of Montezuma,' 
 or ' The Fall of Wallenstein' — the poet feels himself free 
 from shackles and fetters, nay even from certain technical 
 difficulties and obvious hindrances, which might hamper 
 and impede him in treating of the present, especially 
 when at once so well-informed and so minutely critical 
 as is ours to-day. 
 
 The boundless expanse of the infinite, the Alpine 
 elevation, the larger atmosphere and region of grandeur 
 and sublimity, to which the poet, bent to raise, enlarge, 
 inform, purify the souls of others, must constantly ascend 
 and re-ascend, can doubtless be more easily reached from 
 a starting-post selected on account of its very nearness 
 to those spheres, than from one surrounded by living 
 voices, ajid, as it were, in the heart of modem London. 
 Yet poems have been written, and iax from nnsuccessftil 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 ones, on events either very recent, or even cotempora- 
 neoiis with the writer. Snoh a poem was the noble and 
 patriotic ' Persas' of jSIschylus ; such again was Lacan's 
 'Pharsalia,' a work marred indeed by the luxuriant 
 extravagance of early youth, and wanting the severe 
 revision of experienced taste, but fall of nerve, vigour, 
 and the fire of genius, moving us in its best passages to 
 high admiration if not to rapture. One of Byron's most 
 touching and effective descriptions in ' Childe Harold ' 
 is the account of the scenes just before and pfter Waterloo 
 — an event then (when the poem was published) but of 
 yesterday, and on which Scott wrote a poem of some 
 length in his happiest style, with picturesque effect and 
 such patriotic ardottr that it cannot be read without a 
 glow of pleasure by Englishmen. A poor array indeed 
 this to set against Homer, Virgil, Dante, Tasso, Spenser, 
 Milton, yet enough to prove that, though a poem of the 
 highest order, a national epic coxdd not be written on 
 some very recent event, it [is not impossible to write 
 a poem of real interest on such a topic. The poet, 
 then, who does not aim. so high as to write a great epic 
 poem, but who yet seeks to interest his readers by the 
 nairation of some great event, need not be debarred from 
 selecting that event from among the exploits of his own 
 times. If he be a true poet, his instinctive vision will 
 direct his judgement to divest his subject of aU that is 
 trivial, to dress it in its true dignity without the exag- 
 geration of false colours, and communicate to it that 
 living existence which the vivifying imagination alone 
 bestows. Let him not be too disturbed because the 
 public are previously familiar with all the details of his 
 
PREFACE. is 
 
 subject, and mil criticise it the more minutely. Ikitlier 
 let Tiim rejoice to have a cultivated audience, and spec- 
 tators all the keener and more attentive because, to 
 speak a little vulgarly, so well posted up in the fejcts. 
 For whatever poetry is henceforth written, and however, 
 it seems to me, that it must at least be produced with a 
 more constant perception iti the author's mind of the 
 audience to whom it is addressed, and in a more self- 
 conscious spirit of its purport and nature, I say not 
 therefore with greater effort or less spontaneity (for the 
 poet alone, and not the versifier, will still be the poet), nor 
 with an offensive obtrusiveness, but stiU with that allu- 
 sion so eloquent to the wise, those subtle associations 
 which speak only to those that can hear. So much by 
 way of protest against that prejudice which I have 
 described ; now let me add a few words on the poem 
 itself, at once the cause and illustration of my remarks. 
 The discovery of the north-west passage by Sir John. 
 Franklin (for his prior claim over the no less resolute 
 and daring McClure has been clearly substantiated by 
 McChntock's researches) may fairly be considered a 
 great event, nationally great, historically great, nay even 
 of world-wide importance. For after those wonderftil 
 scientific discoveries and mechanical inventions of our 
 epoch, which have produced and are stiU constantly 
 producing results so stupendous and so firaitftil, nothing 
 in the long run has done more to link together the 
 nations of the world, and to establish on a securer 
 foundation those bonds of peace and commerce which 
 are now hopeftdly bringing different races to understand 
 and appreciate one another, than those pioneers by land 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 and sea, who have vmdergone for this cause coimtless 
 toils, and endured every kind of privation, illness, and 
 suffering. Livingstone, Grant, Speke, Burke, Wills,* and 
 our long list of maritime discoverers fiom. the Cabots, 
 Baffins, Probishers, down to the Panys, Bosses, Franklins 
 of our own day, — what a tale of heroic adventure, of 
 unequalled achievement ! The north-west passage indeed 
 can never be of any practical utility, and it will doubt- 
 less seem to many that aU the toil and trouble has been 
 endured in vain, and noble lives idly lost in a fruitless 
 enterprise. In no such light can I regard it, nor in such 
 a light, I am satisfied, do our splendid English seamen 
 regard it. For in the first place it is something to have 
 settled the question, and to have obtained for England 
 the honour, though a barren one, of having done so ; 
 secondly, it is no little result to have made such immense 
 additions, as the voyages in the Arctic regions since the 
 year 1818 have made, to almost every field of knowledge, 
 geographical, ethnographical, zoological, meteorological, 
 and others. In these voyages and in that of Sir James 
 Boss to the Antarctic both naagnetic poles have been dis- 
 covered, and many most important phenonema relating 
 to tides, currents, winds, configuration of land and sea, 
 formation of ice,and kindred topics noted andascertained. 
 Surely it is desirable that, as mere inhabitants of the 
 globe, we should study to know all we can about its 
 wonders and secrets in every part. But to me there 
 seems a yet greater importance attaching to these and 
 
 * Having lately read his most charming, most interesting book, 
 let me add the name of Falgraye. 
 
PREFACE. xi 
 
 similar voyages and expeditions. They are the school 
 of our national spirit, and, in a somewhat Inxnrious and 
 utilitarian age, keep alive that old love of adventure, and 
 contempt for danger and no less for ease and comforts, 
 which possibly indeed, pushed too far, may run riot 
 in romantic extravagance, but which it would be an ill 
 day for England to see extinguished. Besides the 
 national, and, I may. add, the cosmopoUtan importance 
 of my subject, one other advantage accrues to it. It is, 
 so far as I know, a fresh field. The maritime glories of 
 England, whether of war or of discoveryj have not been 
 celebrated as they certainly deserved to have been. 
 Beyond Campbell's famous and spirited Ode, and Fal- 
 coner's ' Shipwreck, ' I know of nothing written on the 
 subject, and the latter is in no sense national, and not 
 interesting. As regards the story which I undertake to 
 narrate, whether I have succeeded in narrating it well 
 or ill, others will judge. If I have not, I alone am to 
 blame, not the story. For it is richly fraught with the 
 materials of poetic interest. The national longing to set 
 the question at rest, the enthusiasm on the departure of 
 the Erebus and Terror with their gallant crews, the 
 confidence reposed in the captains, the devotion of the 
 men, their prosperous voyage, the last glimpses of them 
 in Baffin's Bay, their lengthened absence, the uneasy 
 surmises and first trembling anxiety about their fate, the 
 imagination transported to that lonely Arctic scene, the 
 wild exciting long-continued chase, resulting in nothing 
 but the discovery of their first winter quarters, the fear- 
 ful tale sent across the Atlantic by Bae, the abandonment 
 thereupon of the search by Government, and finally the 
 
xii PKEFACE. 
 
 heroic efforts and devoted constancy of Lady Franklin, 
 crowned by the successfal yet melancholy discoveries of 
 McOUntock, all these successive events constitute a 
 drama of unequalled and almost breathless interest. 
 FranHin himself^ who discovered that which it was the 
 aim of his life to discover, and then died still hopeful, 
 before inexorable fete had overtaken his men and in- 
 volved them in so fearful a catastrophe, we may certainly 
 pronounce happy. But not even his men would I pro- 
 nounce unhappy, in spite of their fearful sufferings and 
 melancholy death. Doubtless to them — 
 
 ' One crowded hour of glorious life 
 Waa worth an age without a name.' 
 
 But into this matter, from a consideration of which the 
 title of my poem ' Euthanasia' is derived, I need not 
 enter fiirther here, having written some preliminary 
 stanzas on the subject. 
 
 The poem wiU finally consist of four cantos. Only 
 the first is now offered to the pubhc. The second is 
 now finished, but still needs some pruning before pubHca- 
 tion ; the third is more than half written ; of the fourth, 
 parts are done. The hope of the author is to publish the 
 whole by Christmas 1866. Though the ' nonum serve- 
 tur in annum ' of Horace has not been observed, it is 
 now six years or close upon it since accident first directed 
 the author's attention to the subject of the poem. But 
 the ' secessus et otia,' which Ovid rightly claims as the 
 need&l conditions for the gestation of poetry, have been 
 wholly wanting. Official work and other interruptions 
 have distracted attention and impeded all continuous pro- 
 
PEEFACE. xiii 
 
 gress. Still tie poem, thougli repeatedly laid aside as 
 regards its actual executioii, has been scarcely a day out 
 of my thoughts duriiig these years, and perhaps its 
 quiet basking in the still light of imagination has been 
 of more service to it than a quicker progress. 
 
 The stanza of Spenser on -which the author at last 
 alighted, and thenwondered why he had not first chosen it, 
 seems well adapted for a narrative poem. Its versatility 
 suits the most animated movement or the most pathetic 
 pauses, and melancholy cadences equally well. More- 
 over, while each separate stanza presents a complete 
 idea or miniature picture, all so lend themselves to the 
 general efiEect, and promote the progress of the whole, 
 as wave after wave imperceptibly hastens the in-coming 
 tide. But though I use the stanza of Spenser, I have 
 not therefore, as others, using also his stanza, have done, 
 affected his archaic words, phrases, and inflections. My 
 poem relates to what is wholly modem : modem too 
 should be its dress. Rather have I humbly sought to 
 learn the melodies, to catch the spirit, to imbibe the 
 wisdom of the mighty master, than to array myself in 
 his exact garb, and to dress in his very fashion. So 
 much "by way of a ' tedious-brief preface. Would it 
 were shorter, but how hard is brevity ! 
 
 My thanks are due to many, both persons and books — 
 first to Lady Franklin, to whom, when the whole poem 
 is published, I am kindly permitted to dedicate it ; next 
 to her niece. Miss Cracroffc, and to Captaia S. Osbom — 
 for much information most kindly given ; to the works of 
 Sir L. McOlintoek, Simmonds, R. Brown, the deceased 
 Scoresby, F. Mayne, and many others. The admirable 
 
PKEFACE. 
 
 pictures of Mr. Church, the American, have also aided 
 me much in realising the scenery of the Arctic regions, 
 especially as regards icehergs and the Aurora Borealis. 
 
 E. H. B. 
 
 Manchester : 
 Nov. 1865. 
 
EUTHANASIA. 
 
 CANTO THE FIEST, 
 
 DSSCBIBINa 
 
 THE DEPAETUKE OF THE CEEWS OF THE 'EEEBUS' 
 AOT) 'TEREOE.' 
 
 ■ One eqoftl temper of heroic hearts.'— TENmraox, 
 
PEELIMINAEY STANZAS 
 
 THE TITLE OF THE POEM 
 
 I 
 Go now, my ship, latmched on the pnlDlic sea, 
 Tliat silently hast grown ia secret dock ; 
 Nor axe, nor saw, nor hammer fashioned thee, 
 Hewn by poetic hand from, lifeless block ; — 
 Go and e3:pect the rade afErontiag shock 
 Of waves and winds, and elemental jar, 
 Nor shame thy parent soil and British stock, 
 True heart of oak, hight ' Euthanasia,'' 
 Following the bear with sev'n lamps and steadfast star. 
 
 II 
 Hight ' Euthanasia,' the death of bHss, — 
 Tor while I cast about to find thy name. 
 This, that, the other, all did sound amiss, 
 Nor any fitly marked thy proper aim, — 
 At last into my pond'ring mind there came 
 That old-world tale of the Athenian sage,^ 
 Who one of seven shared high wisdom's &xa.e, 
 Aad to king Croesus, richest of that age, 
 Spake wondrously, so tells the grey historic page. 
 
 • Euthanasia means a happy death. ' See Herodotus, Clio, 29-33. 
 B 2 
 
PRELIMINARY STANZAS ON 
 
 For when he asked, "who was the happiest, 
 Showing him. all his treasiires, all his gold. 
 With secret wish to be pronounced most blest, 
 Then answer made that other, wisely bold. 
 Nor heeding anght his pedigree nnrolled. 
 But far postponing pnrple Lydia's pride. 
 Of TeUns first the aged Athenian told, 
 Falling victorious on his country's side. 
 Next of the God-loved pair in painless sleep who died.' 
 
 IV 
 
 Full wisely well he spake, and as a Mend, 
 Who, disregarding past and present rate. 
 The rather looked how fared it to the end : 
 So searching archives hoar of ev'iy state 
 Might I the changefol chance and final fate 
 Of many mourn, whose bright ascending sun 
 In cloud of darkest dole set soon or late. 
 Yet others too might find, whose life begun 
 Toilsome and hard perchance, constant and true did run. 
 
 ' Cleobis and Siton, who having performed a signal act of piety 
 towards the goddess Here, afterwards expired without pain, as it 
 were in a blissful trance, in her temple. I am weU aware of the 
 grave historical doubts thrown on this recorded interview of Solon 
 with Croesus ; but these do not in the least affect the moral, nor my 
 application of if. 
 
THE TITLE OF THE POEM. 
 
 Meseems such crown of bKss gilds that brave crew 
 Of ■waTewom mariners who sleep afar ; 
 'Twas theirs, what many longed t' have done, to do, 
 Then death o'ertook them ; now exempt they are 
 From toil and trouble, life's unceasing war, 
 Unenvied ia success, a happy band. 
 By Frankhn guided to the polar star. 
 Their courage by his ardour fed and fanned. 
 Performing vet'ran old what erst his boyhood planned. 
 
 VI 
 
 The golden sunshine dropping thro' the trees 
 Is sweet, sweet the birds' voices in the glade, 
 Or that deep murmur of aUghtiag bees. 
 Sweeter where thick o'er-arching houghs have made 
 A chequered interchange of light and shade. 
 To cite swift thoughts from meraory redeemed. 
 Or muse high poesy with fancy's aid; 
 But sweetest 'tis to be what once we seemed, 
 Andlive inmanhood'shouras childhood brightly dreamed. 
 
 TII 
 
 Such lot was Franklin's ; him the bounding wave 
 From life to death entranced as with a spell, 
 It was his world, and now it is his grave. 
 For whom winds, waters rang the fittest knell. 
 Thou weatherbeaten tar, God rest thee weU ! 
 'Tis thine to sleep in bUss, thy toils are done; 
 'Tis mine to patriot ears thy tale to tell ; 
 Ah ! task too hard, by me too bold begun, 
 StiQ must thy fame so fast this feeble quill outrun. 
 
CONTENTS OF CANTO I. 
 
 STANZAS 
 
 1-2. 
 3-7. 
 
 8-14. 
 
 15-19. 
 
 19-46. 
 
 46-47. 
 
 48. 
 
 49 52. 
 
 53-54. 
 65-62. 
 63-67. 
 
 68. 
 69-74. 
 75-78. 
 79-81. 
 82-85. 
 
 86-88. 
 89-101. 
 
 102-113. 
 114-115. 
 
 Subject stated, viz. a narrative of the Franklin expedition. 
 General impulse commimicated to science at the dose of 
 
 the war in 1815. 
 Special impulse towards discovery, chiefly maritime, and 
 
 above aU Arctic, from the curiosily attaching to the polar 
 
 regions, and still more from the great desire to discover 
 
 the north-west passage. 
 Slight sketch of progress of Arctic discovery between years 
 
 1818-45, and mention of Sir John Barrow's euthnsiasm 
 
 on the subject. 
 Barrow's speech in favour of a final expedition to discover 
 
 the north-west passage. 
 Barrow backed by the chief naval and scientific authorities 
 
 on the subject. Franklin offers to lead an expedition. 
 Sir J. Franklin's characteristic reply to Lord Haddington, 
 
 First Lord of the Admiralty. 
 Franklin selected as captain : readiness of volunteers to 
 
 join him. 
 Invocation of the spirit of poesy. 
 Description of the ofScers, crew, vessels, &c 
 Flans of Franklin as to his intended ront« detailed. 
 Enthusiasm of the crew. 
 Beflections and comparisons. 
 Last days and hours in England. 
 Departure of the Erebus and Terror down the Thames. 
 Thoughts on English training, and life. Tribute to Lord 
 
 Falmerston. 
 Voyage as far as Stromness. 
 Further voyage, till they are finally lost sight of by the 
 
 last whaling-vessel, with brief sketches of passing 
 
 scenery. 
 Further voyage, till they are compelled to put in to their 
 
 first winter-quarters at Beechey's Island. 
 The development of the poem, and its further plan stated. 
 
EUTHANASIA. 
 
 CANTO I. 
 
 Exploits marine, heroic deeds, I sing. 
 An arctic tale of England's grief and pride, 
 Borne far, beyond supreme imagining. 
 To songless wastes, of poet yet nntried. 
 Forlorn, and bleak, and nipp'd by wintry tide ; — 
 So strong a pity melts my troubled soul 
 For those brave tars, our countrymen, who died 
 Where stiffened lands and frozen billows roll, 
 Rough wilderness of ice around the northern pole. 
 
 Let others war inspire, and war's proud spoils ; 
 Me gentler thoughts engage : my virgin rhyme 
 I dedicate to those who bore all toils, 
 Winds, waves, sharp famine's pang, the joyless cUme, 
 That they might crown the latest aim of time. 
 And knit Atlantic to Pacific wave 
 By the long sought-for path ; with hope sublime 
 For this they faced the pole, for this they gave 
 Freely sweet life away, and made the snows their g^ve^ 
 
EUTHANASIA. 
 
 ui 
 
 Too long o'er Europe's war-tormented plain 
 Red Carnage tad outpoured Ms lava flood, 
 Blackened the wasted fields, and piled the slain, 
 A bloody banquet for bis cormorant brood ; 
 Too long for peace to one the world had sued. 
 But sued iu vain ; then swift uprose at last 
 Celestial Vengeance in her justest mood. 
 To his lone isle caged the fierce tyrant fast. 
 Discrowned and baffled there to ruminate the past.' 
 
 IT 
 
 As when sharp Winter with congealing breath, 
 TTsurping Spring's dominion, checks the year, 
 Locks up the torpid lands in icy death, 
 And chafes th' inactive farmer filled with fear 
 Lest barren snows should never disappear ; 
 Sudden the south lets loose a genial breeze. 
 At once the skies, at once the meads are clear, 
 Carol the blithe birds from the greening trees, 
 Rich gardens burst in bloom and hear the hum of bees : 
 
 ' During the long war, however much scientific inquiiy may 
 have progressed by means of learned societies or private research, it 
 could not necessarily obtain much aid irom the government, straining 
 all its efforts to crush Napoleon. But on the return of peace every 
 branch of science was stimulated by public as well as privat« effort^ 
 and maritime discovery, the favourite field of British enterprise, was 
 vigorously prosecuted, chiefly through the exertions of the late Sir 
 John Barrow. The first Arctic expeditions, however, did not take 
 place tin the year 1818. 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 So, almost in despair, Hope's self had. fled, 
 Nor dared men say that rest would be restored. 
 The rolling drum such constant panic spread, 
 So long had pealed the camion, flashed the sword. 
 And deadly havoc's fiery tempest roared : 
 But lo ! fair Peace returns, and with her leads 
 Ethereal Wisdom by best minds adored, 
 Who quickly sowed in ready soils the seeds 
 Of loftiest desires and exemplary deeds. 
 
 VI 
 
 She, high inspirer of the human breast. 
 To fame and labour spurred the noblest hearts. 
 And still into her eager service pressed 
 Bach finest soul endowed with choicest parts ; 
 With some to subterranean pits she darts. 
 Secrets of ancient mystery to probe ; 
 Others on ardent voyage swift she starts 
 To every nook of this wave-girdled globe : 
 These weigh transparent air, those sift light's fairy robe. 
 
 vu 
 To heaven's far flaming floor her spirit flies. 
 Searching the clouds and azure as she goes ; 
 Thro' earth she pierces with a million eyes. 
 And views all marvels that her caves enclose, 
 And day by day some fresh discov'ry shows ; 
 Sans horse o'er land, sans sail speeds over sea. 
 Or mounts thesMey mountain's lonely snows, 
 Measures the rolling wave's velocity, 
 Or scans thro' darkest depths all forms of life that be. 
 
10 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 vm 
 Slie first o'er trackless wastes and torrid sands 
 Axdent explorers sent with, purpose keen 
 To learn the varied tale of distant lands, 
 And what the history of each had been, 
 To note what beasts, what plants might there be seen, 
 That kindly trade might join the sundered shores, 
 Nor waters roll a barren waste between, 
 That hiving knowledge might increase her stores. 
 And sager grow the mind o'er Ufe's vast whole that pores. 
 
 Chiefly our sailors went at her behest 
 O'er ev'ry sea ; for, on adventure set. 
 Still Britons love the tossing billows best, 
 And those the most where danger most is met. 
 Hence, navigated last, least known as yet. 
 The polar ocean, white with ice and snow, 
 Wondrous, attractive, wooed them, a new debt 
 Owing to enterprise : all longed to go 
 And see the skin-clad men, seal-hunting Esquimaux. 
 
 X 
 
 To whom unknown the race of Esquimaux ? 
 ' Innuit ' they call themselves, whose frozen land 
 Denies subsistence ; they enduring go 
 West, north, and east, an always-roaming band. 
 Where'er thro' icy walls the waves expand. 
 In ' baidar ' light or vaster * oomiack,' 
 And hunt for seals along the frosted strand ; 
 Almost the seal supplies their ev'ry lack. 
 Or, where lakes near the coast, the scented oxen track. 
 
CANTO I. II 
 
 Their manners strange, ho-w ev'ry gift they lick, 
 Ifeedle, or saw, or looking-glass, or knife ; 
 The conjurors, who tend their old and sick, 
 Striving by song to stay the ebbing life, 
 And hunger bear, and lash apart in strife 
 Their frames, and thro' them bullets fire nnseen ; 
 Their arts, their arms, old rites with wonders rife, 
 I pass, inclined, did time admit, their clean 
 Pure dome of snow to sing, and winter's household scene. 
 
 XII 
 
 Their chiefs direct them and distribute food, 
 
 Whom lesser chiefs, sage elders, still attend ; 
 
 By their conmiands the voyage is renewed, 
 
 Or the fresh march at proper times they wend. 
 
 Their far progenitors, they say, ascend 
 
 Back to the moon ; but Providence and God 
 
 Axe words unknown ; w:hence sprang, and what shall 
 
 end 
 Mankind, they not inquire, but careless plod 
 Life's dull dark round, then sleep for aye beneath the clod. 
 
 xm 
 But not to see the Esquimaux alone, 
 Ifor icebergs, nor the flushed Auroral skies, 
 N'or all the marvels of the arctic zone, 
 Tho' fraught with perils, rich with novelties, 
 Charmed thitherward our seamen's eager eyes ; 
 What most allured them was discov'ry's fame, 
 For England and them.selves to win the prize, — 
 This kindled in their hearts adventure's flame. 
 Imperious honour's hope, ambition without blame. 
 
12 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XIV 
 
 Long had the wisest mariners believed 
 That by north-west a passage might be found 
 To Asia's shores, and shorter this conceived 
 Than that which leads by Afric's southern bound 
 To Ladian seas, a long and dreary round ; 
 And now that cahn was to the land restored. 
 Again of voices keen was heard the sound, 
 Urgiug that cape and bay should be explored. 
 While vacant hours allowed, nor war's harsh tempest 
 roared. 
 
 XV 
 
 Promptly the nation gave its willing ear 
 To such appeals, and backed with gen'rous aid 
 A cause to science and to glory dear ; 
 Fresh expeditions constantly were made 
 Tear after year, and winters whole men stayed 
 In frorest deserts, roaming with the g^un 
 After what deer or arctic foxes strayed 
 Coursing the solitudes, untaught to shun 
 Their human foes, nor saw long months the absent sun. 
 
 XVI 
 
 'Twere tedious to narrate what all endured, 
 Or fitly proper praise of each decide. 
 Else Parry long to winds and waves inured, 
 Parry five times by polar horrors tried. 
 Or Rosses twain, by blood and deeds allied, 
 I'd siug, Back's, Beechey's, Lyon's feats sublime, 
 A hundred more, whose fame spreads far and wide ; 
 Enough, — them only I embalm in rhyme 
 Who, cold and far off, sleep in hyperborean clime. 
 
CANTO I. 13 
 
 XVI t 
 Since Parry first -westwards from Baffin's bay 
 Victor o'er ice and snow securely sped, 
 And on thro' Barrow's straits pursued Ms way, 
 Pull many a tar, by Ms example led, 
 Here, there, had sailed, and named gulf, isle, and head ; 
 Others, descending rivers, gained the coast ; 
 So knowledge of the seas and shores was spread. 
 But still what science longed to know the most 
 Lay Md, nor any could the proud discov'ry boast. 
 
 But what was surmise once was now belief ; 
 ' The passage must be found,' such rose the cry, 
 ' Hazard one final last attempt ; ' the cMef 
 Spokesman was Barrow, whose sagacious eye 
 Pierced the whole matter, prompt Ms memory 
 Recalling every voyage spurred his breast. 
 With wit by failure sharpened still to try. 
 Himself in ardent youth disdaining rest 
 Had sailed Spitzbergen seas, and tow'rds the pole had 
 pressed. 
 
 xa 
 Nor less was he deep versed in nature's laws. 
 Of currents much, and much of ice he knew, 
 Wise for Mgh purpose, not for vain applause^ 
 His stores of learning were excelled by few ; — 
 Now round him sit captains of many a crew. 
 Inconstant ocean's old familiar friends, 
 And science too siirrounds with vot'ries true : 
 To him about to speak th' assembly bends, 
 And nods th' assenting head, and rapt attention lends. 
 
14 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XX 
 
 He thus, his soul by both ambitions fired,' 
 The thirst of knowledge and his country's praise, 
 Spoke, and achievements maritime inspired : 
 ' Once more, my countrymen, my voice I raise, 
 ' Raised oft for the same cause in bygone days ; 
 ' Little, it seems to me, nay nought is done, 
 ' If that, which sums the past, still mocks our gaze, 
 ' And we must stiQ deplore each setting sun 
 ' That nearer brings the goal, but leaves it yet unwon. 
 
 XXI 
 
 ' What in the mom of manhood we pursued, 
 ' A glorious aim, in life's autumnal day, 
 ' With stronger reasons, firmer faith endued, 
 ' Shall we forego, and with experience grey 
 ' Let others bear from us the palm away ? 
 ' No, while I breathe, shall England lead the van 
 ' With swift successions of her bright array, 
 ' Eor 'tis the latest exploit crowns the man, 
 ' And we, honour compels, must end as we began. 
 
 • There is no question but that Sir John Barrow, a man of science, 
 a learned geographer, and an enthusiastic patriot, was the chief pro- 
 moter of all enterprises in the way of discoveiy — especially, as became 
 the Secretary of the Admiralty, of maritime ones. He again and 
 again urged the prosecution of the search for the north-west passage, 
 and entered heart and soul into the objects of the Franklin expedi- 
 tion. In no other mouth, therefore, could I iave more fittingly 
 placed both the arguments for that expedition and an eloquent appeal 
 on its behalf. It seems to me that I am also thus best able to promote 
 the deyelopment of the poem. 
 
CANTO I. 15 
 
 XXII 
 
 ' To state -vsrliat daily knowledge I have stored,' 
 ' Me it beseems not, adding bit to bit, 
 ' Nor haw o'er endless charts tbese eyes haye pored, 
 ' (Each, nature boasts its equal labours fit) ; 
 * Still to the Pole my earnest fancies flit, 
 ' As longing to behold a drama's end ; 
 ' Such deep desires within my bosom sit, 
 ' To latest times our country's fame to send, 
 ' And linked with her high name fair science to extend. 
 
 XXIII 
 
 ' Deem not her service suits ignoble souls, 
 ' Nor count that quiet spoils less splendid are 
 ' Than triumphs won where battle's thunder rolls ; 
 ' Not solely honour is the right of war ; 
 ' Nor wounds, nor xnaimed limb, nor valour's scar, 
 ' Tho' glorious, danger symbolise alone, — 
 ' Milder, not less eternal, shines their star, 
 ' Their path with perils fresh and thick is strown, 
 'Who, toiling day and night, search lands and seas 
 unknown. 
 
 ' Besides 'Lives of Lords Macartney, Anson, and HoTre,' 'An 
 Account of the Mutiny of the Bounty,' 'Travels in South Africa' (2 
 vols. 4to), and ' Travels in China and Cochin China ' (2 vols. 4to), 
 Sir John Barrow's articles in the ' Quarterly Review' alone, nearly 200 
 in number, fill, bound up, 12 separate vols. Amongst them many, 
 and perhaps the most interesting, relate to the Arctic seas and Polar 
 expeditions: he also wrote several articles in the 'Encyclopedia 
 Britannica,' and prepared for the press numberless MSS. of travellers 
 in all parts of the globe. He was also the founder of the Eoyal 
 Geographical Society. 
 
IS EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XXIV 
 
 ' Fall well ye know how roimd €ixe miglity world, 
 ' Tossed on all seas, brave British, barques have sped, 
 ' And everywhere old England's flag unforled, 
 ' Detecting now what isles in ocean's bed 
 ' Remotely lie, or now their sails outspread 
 ' Tow'rds either pole, and oceans ice-compressed : 
 ' One work remains yet unaccomplished, 
 ' This polar Asian path by north and west ; 
 ' Till Britain it unveil, I little sleep or rest. 
 
 XXV 
 
 ' Near thrice ten years adventurous have roUed, 
 ' Since BiOss and Parry broke inaction's spell,^ 
 ' Since Buchan sailed with Franklin,* comrades bold ; 
 ' No danger could those splendid spirits quell, 
 ' No tale of wonder theirs exceeds to tell ; 
 ' And many a voyager since then has found, 
 ' Saihng with th' op'ning leaf, and when it fell, 
 ' Homeward returning, channel, bay, and sound, 
 ' Or traced the trending coast, and mapped its tortnoas 
 bound- 
 
 XXVI 
 
 ' Much have we learned, much still remains to learn, 
 ' Not all at once does Nature lift her veil, 
 ' Not one bold stroke may the grand triumph earn, 
 ' But toil gigantic, hearts that never quail, 
 ' And patience, that ne'er knows what 'tis to fail, 
 ' Shall rend its secret jfrom the pole at last, 
 ' Tho' cased in adamant and locked in mail, 
 ' Tho' wildest winter rage around the mast 
 ' Hissing with arrowy sleet, roaring with horrid blast. 
 
 ' In the year 1818. 
 
CANTO I. 37 
 
 XXVII 
 
 ' I know wto scoff th.' adventure, say I dream, 
 ' Compute the endless labonr, danger great, 
 ' WMle small the uses and uncertain seem : 
 ' But ye shall judge if they or I most prate ; 
 ' For grant in Arctic seas no watery gate 
 ' To Asia's shores, or one no ship may pass, 
 ' Yet who without th' attempt the truth can state ? 
 ' StUl round the pole is moved a sea of glass ; 
 'Madly we reason else, tho' much a frozen mass.' 
 
 xxvni 
 
 ' How otherwise, if no coim.e3ion he, 
 ' From Behring's distant straits beyond the pole, 
 ' Between Atlantic and Pacific sea, 
 ' Should tides in Hudson's bay so swiftly roll, 
 ' Then too most high sweeping their land-locked goal, 
 'When from north-west the gusty breezes blow? 
 ' Add too the current setting from the pole, 
 ' On which huge icebergs ride, and drift-logs flow, 
 • Torn from their isthmus home south of far Mexico. 
 
 ' Xot to distract the reader's attention by too frequent notes, I 
 Tfill here say, once for all, that the scientific arguments put into 
 Barrow's mouth in the next two stanzas have been condensed from 
 different writers, but chiefly from Seoresbys ' Arctic Regions.' Any- 
 one who wants to be more fully acquainted with the pros and cons 
 on this subject, would do weU to read Chapter I. Sect. III. of that very 
 interesting work. The edition possessed by me is that of 1820, two 
 Tols. published by Constable, Edinburgh. I do not know whether 
 there is a later one. 
 
 
 
18 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 ' Have we not heard how the harpooned whale, 
 
 ' Bearing the angry weapon in its back, 
 
 ' Lashing the billows with its fren2ded tail, 
 
 ' And madly rushing on an alien track, 
 
 ' Spitzbergen's native seas and icy pack 
 
 ' Deserted, seeks in Davis' straits a home, 
 
 ' Borne round the pole ? traced skins, that rude hands 
 
 tack 
 ' Of Indians or Esquimaux, who roam, 
 ' Sketch the lands north and west all washed with freez- 
 ing foam. 
 
 ' Tet, if no path exist, or locked in ice, 
 ' And nature interpose dread forms xmconth, 
 ' Not less a thonsand deeds of enterprise 
 ' Invite, and mnltifarions claims of truth; 
 Tho' much is won by time, much ardent youth 
 ' Shall win and vig'rous manhood ; virgin ground 
 ' B«mains, remains America forsooth, 
 ' Erom east to west along its northern bound 
 ' Seldom that echo'd yet to European soxmd. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 ' Doth any ask how soon and when to sail ? 
 ' No time to me seems like the present hour : 
 ' As lustrous gold surpasses silver pale, 
 ' To-day excels to-morrow's waning power, 
 ' And dull delay was e'er mischance's dower ; — 
 ' To-day, with hearts framed for a mighty need, 
 ' England's heroic tars, the prime and flower, 
 ' Expect the conquest of a splendid deed, 
 "> Ready to follow swift where bravest captain lead. 
 
CANTO I. 19 
 
 •yvTrn 
 
 ' Now favouralfly too events conspire 
 ' For our success : behold the gallant ships 
 ' Returned from the Antarctic tempest dire, 
 ' Erebus and Terror ; none their fame eclipse, 
 ' And oft their tale shall start to seamen's lips ; 
 ' What better prows to face the Arctic breeze ? 
 ' 'Na.j, while each keel with southern seaweed drips, 
 ' Keen let us haste, the swift occasion seize, 
 ' Eefit them for the north, nor suffer hatefal ease.' 
 
 xxxm 
 
 ' But lately too have Dease and Simpson traced 
 ' What Franklin or what Back left unexplored, 
 ' Down rapids whirled, almost by death embraced, 
 ' Till gained at last the sea around them roared 
 ' With wind and ice ; they from a height that soared 
 ' Aloft in air beheld gulfs, straits, and isles 
 ' On ev'ry side ; then re-embarked on board, 
 ' Mapped two successive years three hundred miles, 
 ' With patience unexcelled, and superhuman toils.^ 
 
 ' The Erebus and Terror returned from their expedition to the 
 Antarctic ocean in September, 1843, having been absent from 
 England exactly four years, and having spent three ■winters near the 
 south pole. An interesting account of the expedition was published 
 by Sir James C. Koss, who was the commander of it, in 1847. To Sir 
 James Eoss, one of our greatest living navigators, amongst many 
 other successful results of his expeditions to either pole, we owe the 
 discovery of both magnetic poles. 
 
 ' In 1837-9 Mr. Thomas Simpson and Mr. Peter TV. Dease, officers 
 of the Hudson's Bay Company, discovered and traced, after descend- 
 ing the Mackenzie river to the coast, about 300 miles of Arctic shore 
 previously unexplored. To accomplish this result they traversed in 
 boats more than 1600 miles of polai sea. 
 
 c2 
 
20 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XXXIT 
 
 ' Since then th' eventful years such harvest yield, 
 ' Fraught with less danger, surer of success 
 ' Our aim tecomes, for narrowed is the field 
 ' Of strict research, o'er which we still must press, 
 ' Nor much left vaguely, as at first, to guess ;' 
 ' Shame were it now our fervour to ahate, 
 ' When too of old men ran such risks for less, 
 ' The best examples of heroic fate ; 
 ' A few of many more succinct I will relate. 
 
 xxsv 
 
 ' I pass if e'er fictitious Argo sailed, 
 ' But still his ship of mocking stars the sport, 
 ' These pale-faced shores the safe TTiTnilco hailed -^ 
 ' Whom Pytheas loosed from the Phocoean port' 
 ' Bolder outstript, nor turned his prow tiU caught 
 ' By inexperienced fog and blasts unchained 
 ' OS furthest Orkneys, when the night is short, 
 ' And sun scarce sets, then icy mists were rained, 
 ' And back he deeming hied the world's last verge 
 attained. 
 
 ' So indeed then it seemed, such enormous additions having been 
 made to our geographical knowledge of the countries subjacent to the 
 pole since the year 1818, by Parry's, Beeeheys, and John Ross's 
 voyages, and the land expeditions of Franklin, Back, Dease, and 
 Simpson. Yet before the north-west passage could be discovered, 
 as much remained to be done, and the intricate configuration of the 
 coasts had to be slowly unravelled. 
 
 ' Himilco, the Carthaginian, coasted Spain and France, and after- 
 wards advanced as far as the southern shores of Britain. 
 
 ' Pytheas, a native of Marseilles, a little later than Himilco, 
 about the time of Alexander the Great, is said to have sailed as far 
 as Iceland, but to have been repelled by a strange kind of fog, which 
 he describes as 'neither earth, air, nor sky, but a mixture of all 
 three.' 
 
CANTO I. 21 
 
 XXXV] 
 
 ' Who has not heard how the historic sire,' 
 ' HaKcamassus' son, hound by the spell 
 ' Of knowledge, posts with feet that never tire, 
 ' All secrets of all lands to learn and tell, 
 ' Waste Scythia's snows, the sun-reflecting well ? 
 ' Not less of kings proud fame records the tales 
 ' That Necho's, PhUadelphus' glories swell -^ 
 ' Thro' arid sands this hewed his huge canals, 
 ■ Eound Afric's southmost coast that sped his flying 
 sails. 
 
 ' For the benefit of such readers as hare not been able to study 
 the classics (and I hope that my poem may be popular enough to have 
 many such), I beg leave to say that ' the historic sire ' is HerodotuF, 
 and that 'the sun-reflecting well' in line 5 is the well of Syene in 
 south Egypt. The latitude of this place, 24° 5' 23", was an object of 
 interest to the ancient geographers. They thought it seated directly 
 under the tropic, and that on the day of the summer solstice a verti- 
 cal staff cast no shadow, and the sua's disc was reflected in a well at 
 noonday. As the ancients were not acquainted with the true tropic, 
 this statement is incorrect, though not far from the truth. 
 
 ^ Necho succeeded Psammetiehus as king of Egypt in 617 b.c., 
 and was a man of great energy. He commenced a va-st canal to join 
 the Nile with the Arabian gulf; but, according to Herodotus, desisted 
 from the enterprise, warned by an oracle that the profit of it would 
 be only for barbarian invaders. But his memory is preserved to us 
 by the circumnavigation of Africa by the Phoenicians whom he sent 
 for that purpose. This they did in little more than two years, 
 setting out by the Arabian gulf, and returning through the straits of 
 Gibraltar. 
 
 Ptolemy PhUadelphus, second king of Egypt of the race of 
 Ptolemies, pursued scientific studies with great keenness, cut canals, 
 founded many colonies, and raised Egypt to great power and 
 wealth. 
 
22 EUTHANASLL 
 
 XXXVII 
 
 ' Then came the iN'orsemen of succeeding tiine,i 
 ' Nadodd, Ohthere, Eirek, and Biami, 
 ' Spontaneous emigrants ia manhood's prime, 
 ' Each leader of a swarming colony ; — 
 ' O'er waves unmapped, beneath th' inconstant sky, 
 ' Perfidious stars their guides, in clumsy barque 
 ' Tumultuous wind and sea they did defy, 
 ' Three hundred years ere yet o'er billows dark 
 ' Columbus' straimng eyes the long-hoped cont'nent mark. 
 
 •yvx viii 
 
 ' To whom, unknown the tale of Barentz old?^ 
 ' From Holland, freed from bigot yoke of Spain, 
 ' He twice his sails audacious did unfold, 
 ' And drove his keels along thro' frosted main 
 ' Past Misery's mount in water's narrow lane 
 ' To farthest Nova Zembla bleak and clear ; 
 ' There wintry blasts the starving men detain, 
 ' Nor Barentz saw again his country dear, 
 ' But dying takes the chart and points the course to steer. 
 
 ' The deeds of the hold Scandinavian Vikings, who, in frail open 
 barques, with none of the eontrivanees and resources of science, and no 
 geographical knowledge, yet discovered and colonised Iceland and 
 Greenland, and one of whom, the pirate Biami, is said even to have 
 penetrated to the American mainland, are fuE of interest to a mari- 
 time nation like the English, and may fairly demand a fleeting notice 
 here. 
 
 ' If anyone wishes to read a graphic account of Barentz's voyage, 
 and his very heroic death, he will find such in 'Voyages and 
 Discoveries in the Arctic Regions,' No. 73 of Longman's ' TraveUei^s 
 Library.' 
 
CANTO 1. 23 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 ' Sucli deeds of daring e'en of old were done, 
 ' Shall wealtliy time's last heirs do less then they ? 
 ' Or less than those -who sailed the frozen zone 
 ' What time the yonthfiil Tudor dying lay, 
 ' Onr countrymen ?' fate tarred their homeward way, 
 "■ Alas ! or pair of luckless Portuguese, 
 ' The brothers Cortereal,^ who sailed astray, 
 ' First one and then the other ? rather the breeze 
 ' Waft us that sped of old th' immortal Genoese. 
 
 XL 
 
 ' Not less our aim, nor less demanding faith, 
 ' He sailed the long-hoped continent to find, 
 ' He sailed and found ; we sail to find the path, 
 ' Which found more closely knits all human kind, 
 ' And nearer draws Eastern to Western mind ; 
 ' High is their task and noble their renown 
 ' By land and sea, the pioneers combined, 
 ' Who sferive, old barriers rending, to enthrone 
 ' Humanity, and make our common nature known. 
 
 ' The Tinfortunate expedition of Sir Hugh "Willoughby, which set 
 sail May 10, 16S3. 
 
 '^ Gaspar and Miguel Cortereal, two brothers of a noble Portuguese 
 house, were amongst the earliest who sailed in quest of a north-west 
 passage. Gaspar in his final voyage was overtaken by a fearful 
 storm in Frobisher's strait, and perished in it. His brother Miguel 
 set out to seek for him, but never returned, uncertainty still veiling 
 his actual fate. To a third brother, anxious to embark after the 
 other two, the Portuguese king refused permission to go. The 
 father of these three, John Vaz Cortereal, was also a heroic navigator, 
 and is thought by some to have forestalled our Cabot in the discovery 
 of Newfoundland. 
 
24 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XLI 
 
 ' Wtat more to wavewom tars need now be said, 
 ' To -wiiom the rolling sea is as a -wife, 
 ' The tossing billows smoother than a bed, 
 ' The ship a home, and their still sweetest life 
 'The charm of action and the joy of strife, 
 'Whether o'er tropic bine their way they nrge, 
 ' Or far Antarctic flont with perils life, 
 ' Whose frost-locked waters girdle the world's verge, 
 ' Now bound in icy mail, now freshly loosed in surge ? 
 
 XLn 
 ' AH thro' the year, in. belted blanket dressed, 
 ' O'er frosted wave 'neath clouded skies or clear, 
 ' The trader speeds with ardour unrepressed, 
 ' And still halloes his dogs with hearty cheer ; 
 ' Nor blinding snows, nor biting blasts severe, 
 ' Nor tangled glens delay; still on he drives, 
 ' Till to some Tudia.n lodge his sledge draws near; 
 ' There soon in sight the dusiy band arrives, 
 ' With whom he deals for for and bargain hard contrives. 
 
 xim 
 ' All seasons persevering fishers sail 
 ' In strong-ribbed hulls defying wind and sea, 
 ' And spear the seal, or fire the diving whale ; — ' 
 ' Surprised it darts, and struggling to be free 
 ' This way and that escapes convulsively, 
 ' Striking with head and fins and tail flung wide ; 
 ' Deep in its back ih' incessant enemy 
 ' Plunges harpoon and lance ; on ev'ry side 
 ' Jets out the vital shower — boats, men, ice, waves are 
 dyed.^ 
 
 For notes (') and (') see next page. 
 
CANTO I. 26 
 
 XLIT 
 
 ' Wiat tlien for fors shall trader speed aloae 
 ' O'er trackless wastes, or after whale and seal 
 ' The fisher sole approach the frozen zone, 
 ' Nor we, far higher enterprise, reveal 
 ' What still the jealous ice-barred straits conceal, 
 ' Leave the last links along the Arctic shore 
 ' Unsought, unfound, unjoined, let others steal 
 ' The old renown and glory once we wore, 
 ' By Heame, Mackenzie won, the famous pair of yore ?* 
 
 ' ' The harpoon is thrown from the hand, or firpd from a gun, the 
 former of which, when skilfully practised, is efficient at the distance 
 of eight or ten yards, and the latter at the distance of thirty yards 
 or upwards. The wounded whale, in the surprise and agony of the 
 moment, makes a convulsive effort to escape. Then is the moment of 
 danger. The boat is subjected to the most violent blows from its head 
 or its fins, but particularly &om its ponderous tail, which sometimes 
 sweeps the air with such tremendous fury, that both boat and men are 
 exposed to one common destruction.' — Scoresby's ' Arctic Kegions,' 
 vol. ii. 242. 
 
 ' Scoresby describes with equal vividness the whale's final death, the 
 incessant plunging of harpoons and lances aimed at its vitals, its ex- 
 haustion, and the discharge of blood with air and mucus from its 
 blow-holes. I quote his last sentence. ' The sea, to a great extent 
 around, is dyed with its blood, and the ice, boats, and men are some- 
 times drenched with the same.' — Vol. ii. 248. 
 
 ' Heame, employed by the Hudson Bay Company to explore the 
 north-west coast of America (1769-1772), was the first European 
 that succeeded in reaching the Arctic ocean. Mr. (afterwards Sir 
 Alexander) Mackenzie traced the river which now bears his name to 
 its junction with the sea. 
 
26 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XLV 
 
 ' Shall danger be onr bugbear, dread of toil, 
 ' Wbose names are Britisb, borne by Britisb sires ? 
 ' Wiat ! do our torpid veins forget to boil, 
 ' Slack are the nerves, slumber the antique fires ? 
 ' Away false thoughts, sofb ease, and dull desires : 
 ' We still must be wha,te'er our fathers were, 
 ' What all the men whose glory never tires, 
 ' Davis, and Hudson, Baffin, Frobisher, 
 ' Knight, Waymouth, Cook, and Phipps, names bright as 
 starry sphere. 
 
 XLVI 
 
 ' Shall later nations snatch the crown away, 
 
 ' Her pahn to novices our country yield, 
 
 ' Contented with forgotten yesterday, 
 
 ' And, which we sowed, shall others reap the field ? ' 
 So spoke the man, of Britain's fame the shield, 
 Whose tones th' assembled sailor-chivalry 
 Drank with one ear, then loud the clamour pealed 
 Of men marine, and smote the vaulted sky. 
 Whilst in that ardent throng glowed ev'ry kindling eye. 
 
 XI VII 
 
 With proofs confirmative, and minds as keen. 
 Parry, the Rosses, Richardson, Back, King, 
 Beaufort and Sabine, most of whom had been 
 Sailors themselves within the Arctic ring, 
 To Barrow's views authoritative chng ; 
 Well-weighed opinion Franklia adds, and store 
 Of long experience, ends by offering 
 Himself to lead, tho' verging on threescore. 
 No work so near his heart, no prize he sighed for more. 
 
CANTO L 27 
 
 Whom, thus the good Lord Haddington bespoke : — 
 ' Prankliii, thy soul what zealous duty fires 
 ' I know, thy heart I kno-w of British oak, 
 ' But aging ILtnbs incessant labour tires 
 ' At last, and nerves, our life's electric wires, 
 ' Droop slack ; thy sixty years just end assign 
 ' To toil, rest thee 'midst England's honoured sires, 
 
 Thyself most honoured.' Him with eyes that shiae, 
 Brief answer made the knight, ' I am but fifty-nine.'' 
 
 XLIX 
 
 Nor more he said : but when those words were heard, 
 So resolutely grand, sublimely few, 
 'Twas felt on him alone could be conferred 
 The post of honour, he must lead the crew, 
 And with his spirit ev'ry man imbue ; 
 With such a captain half the work seemed done 
 Ere well commenced, and soon the tidings flew 
 That sailing preparations were begun. 
 That Franklin would be off ere June's first rising sun. 
 
 ■ ' It was at one time intended that Fitzjames (whose genius and 
 energy marked him as no ordinary officer) should command the 
 expedition ; but just at this time ' (1845) ' Sir John Franklin was 
 heard to say that he considered the post to be his birth-right as the 
 senior Arctic explorer in England.' .... 'Lord Haddington, then 
 First Lord, with that kindness which ever distinguished him, 
 suggested that Franklin might well rest at home on his laurels. ' I 
 might find a good excuse for not letting you go, Sir John,' said the 
 Peer, ' in the tell-tale record which informs me that you are sixty 
 years of age.' ' No, no, my Lord,' was Franklin's rejoinder, ' I am only 
 fifty-nine.' Before such earnestness all scruples yielded, the offer was 
 oflScially made and accepted, to Sir John Franklin was confided the 
 Arctic expedition, &c., &c.' — Captain S. Osbom's ' Career, &c. of 
 Franklin,' pp. 34, 35. 
 
28 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 So swift of sotd he was, mature of mind, 
 Of fierj purpose, 'fitted to command, 
 And well lie knew what his keen wit designed 
 Instant to follow with unerring hand ; 
 Now long his fame had spread throughout the land, 
 As one by hardships traced, and perils tried. 
 The proper leader of heroic band, 
 And volunteers flocked gladly to his side. 
 To do or die with him, let weal or woe betide. 
 
 LI 
 
 Blithely they stepped from many an English home. 
 Leaving the lowly cot, the lordly house, 
 Charmed with the prospect of the tumbhng foam ; 
 PareweU they said to father, mother, spouse. 
 Or soothed with oft-reiterated vows 
 One dearer yet, and laughed her fears away, 
 And dried the drops beneath her pensive brows. 
 Dissembling the sad hours with bearing gay. 
 Then tore themselves apart, unmanned by further stay. 
 
 LII 
 
 Ah me ! thrice sev'n the foil-leaved Junes have fled. 
 And thrice the seventh moon for hunters bums, 
 Since those brave hearts their latest farewell said, 
 Nor, since they sailed, one single soul returns, — 
 But weeping Mem'ry bends o'er empty urns : — 
 Then with high hopes and happy auguries 
 They went, nor aught of cloud their joy discerns. 
 But as sunshiny waves to azure skies. 
 So danced to mirfchsome mood their pleasure-sparkling 
 eyes. 
 
CANTO I. 29 
 
 LIU 
 
 Oh ! for a rush of song ! a voice divine ! 
 Oh ! for a Homer's thrilUng tones of fire 
 A YirgU's graceful art and stately line ! 
 Oh ! for a master hand to strike the lyre ! 
 Me from th' unequal task fain to retire 
 Shame checks, and noble hope to tell the tale. 
 If better muse a fitter bard inspire. 
 Happily vanquished, yet lest none prevail. 
 Soaring on wing too bold, breastiag a jealous gale. 
 
 LIV 
 
 And Thou — whate'er thy name, of heav'nly power, 
 Ko tenant now of the harmonious hill. 
 Reft of Hissus and thy Attic bower, 
 JCfor yet by Tiber's side or Amo's riU, 
 Spirit of poesy, assist me still, — 
 For still thou breath'st immortal ; oh ! awake ! 
 To winged words add sweet melodious skill. 
 Sweep thro' the chords and lofty music make 
 To thoughts that stir the blood, and inmost nature shake. 
 
 LV 
 
 Glad would I pause and cite each one by name. 
 Recording those departed souls sublime. 
 Who, at the call of duty and of fame. 
 Left home and dearest ties ia life's gay prime 
 To woo the terrors of the icy clime ; 
 Ah me ! renown shall gQd them, like a sun. 
 For aye remembered to the latest time, 
 All now with splendid brows and glory won, 
 From earth's fair fields of light to death's dark absence 
 gone. 
 
30 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 LVI 
 
 Bach would I sing of the devoted crew, 
 But that so long the track before me lies ; 
 Twice seventy there sailed in all save two, 
 Too msmy to be spared, too dear a prize 
 Almost for hononr's immortalities, 
 Tho' them her clear-voiced clarion proclaims 
 Where from the wave remotest islands rise, 
 And triply rings aloud the leaders' names, 
 Franklin, the vet'ran knight, brave Crozier, frank 
 Mtg'ames. 
 
 Lvn 
 Crozier the captain of the Terror sails, 
 Crozier all toils with Parry shared of old ; 
 Scarce Eranklin's self recounts so stirring tales. 
 Escapes more hair-breadth, or adventures bold. 
 As Crozier brave can modestly unfold ; 
 He too with younger Ross renown had earned 
 In dreary deserts of austerest cold. 
 Braving th' Antarctic, whence but just returned 
 He posts to IVanklin's side, such ardour in him burned. 
 
 Lvni 
 Second on board the Erebus, Fitzjames, 
 And next to JFrankliTi, fired with gen'rous zeal. 
 Anticipates and backs his leader's aims. 
 Catching the kindred spark, flint struck by steel ; 
 His eager soul his glowing eyes reveal ; 
 High hopes aire his, but knowledge caJms his brow. 
 And patient labour for the common weal ; 
 To him magnetic observations now 
 Franklin entrusts, well skilled why needles veer to show. 
 
CANTO I. 31 
 
 With these sailed Pairholme, Hodgson, Graham Gore 
 Vescomte, Des Vanx, Staidey, Goodsir and Raid, 
 Peddie, Macdonald, many hrave men more, 
 Qnick, resolute, prompt for a nation's need, 
 For whose dear loss long, England, must thou bleed, 
 Ifurse the deep wound, and feel sharp sorrow's stings, 
 The' ev'ry year from hke heroic seed 
 A crop as brave to fill the gap upsprings, 
 And rules the waves, ocean's hereditary kings. 
 
 The rest were seamen, weather-beaten tars, 
 Choice hardy messmates of the proper sort. 
 Light-limbed to climb the masts and clear the spars,' 
 Not such as you pick up in any port. 
 But seasoned with experience dear-bought 
 In jfrequent voyages on ev'ry sea, 
 Where often they had been rough Neptune's sport ; 
 Now glad were they with such a chief to be, 
 And did whate'er he bade with swift alacrity. 
 
 LXI 
 
 Nor ye depart unsung, historic two ! 
 BEail ! Erebus and Terror, dauntless pair, 
 Twin stars of fame, for ever fresh and new, 
 Hard were the buffets ye before did bear 
 Thro' bergs terrific steered with nicest care 
 In the bleak southern circumpolar waste ; — 
 Daring discoverers, receive the share 
 Of poet's praise, ere yet again ye haste 
 To lose old Enofland's cHffs o'er billows tossed and chased. 
 
 ' 'The men were fine hearty aaflors, mostly from the northern sea- 
 ports.' — Captain S. Osbom's 'Narrative,' p. 37. 
 
32 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 LXII 
 
 Three years' provisions in each ship are stored, — 
 Three years, 'tis hoped, mil bring them safely back ; 
 And all that arts inventive can afford, 
 Food, implements, ice-saws, crow's-nest they pack, 
 The crow's-nest reared on high above the wrack 
 Of nature, on the dizzy topmost mast, 
 A barrel lined with canvas or with sack. 
 To scoff the pelting snows and biting blast. 
 In this th' ice-master sits and cons the prospect vast. 
 
 Lxni 
 Now, while with preparations still detained, 
 The busy captains know no idle hour, 
 But o'er the chart with eyes intently strained, 
 
 ■ And gifted with their predecessor's dower 
 Of rich experience, a guiding power. 
 Shape their intended route, and wisely plan 
 Thro' guK and strait from icy shore to shore 
 The predetermined course as best they can. 
 
 And with prospective wit all circumstances scan. 
 
 LXIV 
 
 Of all the lands beneath the polar sky 
 To him that westward sails from Baffin's bay 
 There is an isle that central seems to Ke, 
 Marking to Behring's straits the onward way, 
 ' Russell ' its name, familiar as the day 
 To English ears ; Cape Walker bluff and bleak 
 Guards its north-eastern side, seen far away 
 By tars emerged from Barrow's straits, who seek 
 With rapid-hailiug eyes its lofty-looming peak. 
 
CANTO I. 33 
 
 LXV 
 
 THther swift Paary first "with, prosp'rous gale 
 Had winged Hs flight, and others with less toil 
 Siace then had followed his advent'rous sail, 
 Passing on either side a harren soil 
 Rockbound, thongh there no glaciers creep and coil ;' 
 Thither was Franklin bent at once to steer, 
 Hoping thence south and west, without a foU, 
 To reach Pacific waves o'er waters clear. 
 Nor knew what icy bars, what currents iaterfere. 
 
 LXVI 
 
 Yet as a man with many shifts prepared. 
 If one should fail, not lost, but prompt to try 
 The next, and then the next, leaves nothing spared 
 By which -to gain his end eventually, 
 So was he bent another course to ply. 
 Should frost beyond Cape Walker drive him back, 
 And up the sound of Wellington to hie. 
 Whose sunlit waves dance free from icy pack,^ 
 Thence round the Parry isles a north-west passage track. 
 
 ' The absence of glaciers from the coast of North Devon, a coast in 
 this respect so dififerent from that of Greenland, which is remarkahle 
 for their abundance, is specially noted by Captain Osborn in his 
 ' Career, &c. of Sir J. Frantlin,' p. 42. 
 
 2 Wellington Channel is remarkable for its comparative freedom 
 from ice. Captain Osborn (p. 43) thus writes of it : ' Wellington 
 Channel is open, and smiles and sparkles in blue and sunlit waves, as 
 if luring them to the north-west.' 
 
34 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 LXTn 
 
 If there too spitefal winter closed the gate, 
 Debarred both routes, still aU the south remained. 
 Thro' Regent inlet or James Ross's strait 
 By which the continent could be attained, 
 Thence coasting westwards might a path be gained. 
 Slow, toilsome, tortuous to the longed-for goal 
 Beyond the river with its copper stained, 
 Rolling its umber water tow'rds the pole. 
 Well FranHin kenned those parts, twice had he traced 
 the whole.' 
 
 • ' 'According to Sir John Eichaidson, who was on intimate terms 
 with Sir John Franilin, his plans were to shape his course in the 
 first instance for the neighbourhood of Cape "Walter, and to push to 
 the westward in that parallel ; or, if that could not be accomplished, 
 to make his way southwards, to the channel discovered on the north 
 coast of the continent, and so on to Sehring's Straits ; failing success 
 in that quarter, he meant to retrace his course to WeUington Sound, 
 and attempt a passage northwards of Parry's Islands, and if foiled 
 there also, to descend Eegent Inlet, and seek the passage along the 
 coast discovered by Messrs. Dease and Simpson.' — Simmonds' 'Arctic 
 Eegions,' p. 153. 
 
 There is no doubt that Franklin's plans were as above described, 
 and in 1843 Gape Walker would certainly seem the most desirable 
 point d'appui to be first attained for reconnoitring their route onwards. 
 At that time, and not indeed till the return of McClure in 1854, very 
 little comparatively was known of the relative amount of sea and land 
 west, north-west, and south-west of Melville Sound, andalmostnothing 
 of that vast accumulation of ice beyond Bank's Land westwards, which 
 inflicted such damage on the ships of McClure and CoUinson, and 
 would probably always prove the most invincible obstacle to a north- 
 west passage. Franklin, it seems, could not get beyond Cape 
 Walker, owing to ice ; he therefore sailed up Wellington Channel on 
 to Hamilton Island and Penny's Strait, but compelled by the ice 
 again turned southward, and spent his first winter at Beechey Island. 
 But in this remarkably successful voyage he had explored three 
 hundred miles of previously unknown channels,' and first found the 
 water-passage existing between Cornwallis and Bathurst islands. 
 
CANTO 1. 35 
 
 LXVIII 
 
 So now, Ms fature all seciirely planned, 
 The veteran chafes at any more delay. 
 And, both his ships equipped and fully manned, 
 Longs to he gone with summer's earliest ray ; 
 Nor Crozier nor Mtzjames desired to stay, — 
 Such zeal in them their leader's fire begot. 
 Such great enthusiasm inspired that day. 
 Such cloudless joy without a speck or spot 
 Beguiled the men, as if each drew a happy lot. 
 
 /^LXIX/ 
 
 But I, scarce ready todismiss them yet 
 Into the dark across the fleeting wave. 
 The days, the hours, last hng'riag moments wet 
 With tearful love's fond drops would gladly save. 
 Fain would delay, still weaving o'er the brave 
 Fresh wreaths of song, as one that stays to catch 
 The sun's last beam half hid in ocean grave. 
 And watching still prolongs his pensive watch. 
 Snatching a farewell gaze, still feiewell turns to snatch. 
 
 How sweet the music af4feSnowing tide. 
 Ripple on ripple stealiag peacefally 
 O'er the smooth sandy bed, which now they hide. 
 Whilst all the air is stiU, and not a sigh 
 Of wind escapes to make a luUaby ; 
 But one lone flake above sails flushed with pink. 
 The sun's last gift, escaping tranquilly 
 Beneath the wave from airy clouds that drink 
 His rays, but soon themselves must fade, and melt, and 
 sink. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 LXXI 
 
 The golden radiance dies from leaf and bough, 
 And tinreflected in the lake's clear glass 
 Against the skies the trees rise larger now, 
 Sleeping with folded branch, an unstirred mass. 
 And cast a donbtfiil shadow o'er the grass ; 
 Nor sheep, nor cattle, singly, may be seen 
 By wayfarers belated as they pass. 
 For swift on-coming n^ht hides all the green. 
 Concludes laborious day, and shuts the Hving scene. 
 
 Then darkness curtains nature with a pall. 
 Light in her rainbow-coloured mantle flies. 
 And Tindistinguished blackness covers aU ; 
 Only perchance beneath the scarce-seen skies 
 Dim cliffs loom vast in vague immensities. 
 While shines or seems to shine the random star, 
 Ajad sweet forgetful sleep seals wearied eyes. 
 But, soon as Sol remounts his amber car. 
 The dear familiar mom shows all things as they are. 
 
 Lxxnr 
 But no familiar mom restores the crew 
 Once rooked upon the sea's uneasy bed, 
 So many setting suns they sink from view, 
 Beyond the blank horizon's bareness fled, 
 No welcome houi' brings back each precious head : 
 While thro' the glass still flits the fleeting sand. 
 Ere yet the anchor's weighed, the sails are spread, 
 StiU may we see the last of that loved band. 
 Waiting the wind to waft them from their fatherland:- 
 
CANTO L . .37 
 
 The last, for never more may they behold 
 Pair flowers, or slender grace of -waking trees, 
 That to the am'rous breath of spring unfold 
 Their dainty leaves and rustle in the breeze, 
 But all alone must sail the dreary seas, 
 Exchanging summer's prime for winter wild. 
 Rough labour for the sports of active ease, 
 And for sweet look of parent, wife, or child. 
 The blinding snowy plains, ice-blocks on ice-blocks piled. 
 
 LXXV 
 
 Yet rather let my lips be sealed and dumb. 
 Than thus forestal their dolefal date of woe. 
 For now stiU round them sounds the busy hum 
 Of mighty London surging to and fro. 
 And still, as lower down the stream they go. 
 Familiar domes, and spires, and towers appear, 
 And all the sights surround, that all men know, 
 While now and then some ancient comrade dear 
 Parry, Ross, Richardson, bestows his parting cheer. 
 
 LXXVI 
 
 At Greenhithe moored the ships lie side by side. 
 As yet no billow rocks them, no wind blows, 
 Only the ebbing and the flowing tide 
 Of Father Thames scarce stirs them from repose ; 
 Still, ere they leave, friend comes, and stays, and goes, 
 Shakes Franklin by the hand, and bids God-speed ; 
 'Tis Saturday, and May is near its close. 
 Now mounts the warbling lark o'er inland mead. 
 Where daisies dot the grass, and cowslips hang the head. 
 
88 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 Lxxvn 
 The sacred day returns, caJm, clear, and bright, 
 Tlie congregated crews the deck conceal ; 
 It is a pious, tranquillising sight, 
 A solemn sound to hear their voices peal 
 Skywards, or rranklLa with deep tones that feel 
 Religion's charm, or brave Mtzjames aloud 
 Bead words of holy writ, that softly steal 
 Into the sailors' hearts, and chase the crowd 
 Of troublous thoughts afar, as rays dispel the cloud. ' 
 
 ' For the account here given of the last days spent in England by 
 the crews of the Erebus and Terror, I am most indebted to the 
 kindness of Miss Cracroft, the niece of Sir John Franklin, and the 
 constant companion of Lady Franklin. Prom her letter, admirable 
 in its minute particulars, as ladies' letters are wont to be, I quote the 
 following extract : ' With respect to the departure of the Erebus 
 and Terror, it is more easy to answer your direct questions than to 
 describe the scene at Greenhithe. It was on Monday, May 19, 
 following a quiet Sunday, on which day my dear uncle read the 
 Morning Service to the assembled of&cers and crew of the Erebus, 
 Captain Fitzjames taking the Lessons. Such a service was sure to 
 be made doubly impressive by the devotion (habitual to him) of my 
 uncle's manner of conducting it. 
 
 ' The afternoon was occupied on board in writing final letters, and 
 making last arrangements of books, &c. We then all went ashore 
 again (my aunt had come down on the Saturday to Greenhithe), and 
 about 8 o'clock on Monday morning my dear unde left us. The day 
 was fair, if not brilliant, and by 10 or 11 o'clock the Erebus and 
 Terrar, with - the Baretto Junior store-ship, were in tow of the 
 Eattiler and another small steamer, gliding down the river (as we 
 watched them first from the pier and afterwards &om a hill above) 
 vrithout show or indication of the mission to which they were 
 destined. 
 
 'My uncle's friends had previously taken leave of him — Parry, 
 Eichardson (who had just lost his wife — my uncle's niece, and my 
 first cousin), James Eoss, Sabine, Mr. Eobert Brown, and many many 
 others, some in town, some on board at Woolwich, before the ships 
 dropped down to Greenhithe.' 
 
CANTO I. 39 
 
 IXXVIII 
 
 The noon, their last ere England's shores are left, 
 Plows on "with busy packing occupied, 
 Or final letters to their friends bereft 
 Of consolation fall and joyous pride 
 They write, and teU how with to-morrow's tide 
 The Erebus and Terror anchors weigh. 
 And seaward borne along the river glide, 
 A few upon the shore yet rambhng stray 
 Tin nightfall, then embark, so ends their latest day. 
 
 LXXIX 
 
 'Tis morning ; Franklin, last upon the strand. 
 Parts from his friends, parts from his consort dear. 
 And haUs the ship, swept from his native land, 
 "While still affection's voice and words that cheer 
 Sustain, his soul and ring within his ear : 
 Beneath the gunwale of the vessel now 
 The boat is moored, and now the space is clear. 
 Upon the deck he stands with tranquil brow, 
 And gives the order prompt, ' up anchors, steamers tow.' 
 
 LXXX 
 
 Glows the whole crew with bustling promptitude. 
 And soon the anchor's ponderous teeth suspends. 
 Still while the voyage from the shore is viewed. 
 And still the gazing crowd of loving friends 
 Conunencement of the enterprise attends. 
 Two steamers forwards drag the destined pair ; — 
 The pier recedes, the hill that high ascends 
 Above the pier is lost in distant air. 
 On to Sheemess they glide with sunny hours and fair. 
 
40 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 LXXXI 
 
 What burning hope fii-es each adventurous breast, 
 What zeal the long-hoped north-west track to find 
 And set on endless toil the crown and crest, 
 And on their brows a noble wreath to bind. 
 Tho' many men they sail, yet one their mind ; 
 So free from pomp, so quietly they pass, 
 Tou would not g^ess the part to them assigned. 
 What glorious palm awaits, what woes, alas ! 
 'Not fear but placid cruise on summer sea of glass. 
 
 Lxxxn 
 England, proud mother of heroic men, 
 Long mayst thou nurse such children to such aims, 
 Not less thy striplings manly virtue ken 
 Than the crowned victors of Olympian games. 
 Severely schooled, shunning whatever shames. 
 To serve the state and love the common weal ; 
 What tho' no tourney, seen of lovely dames, 
 Inspire their souls to couch the shining steel, 
 A wider field is theirs, their praise the public peal. 
 
 Theirs the arena of free rights, free birth, 
 Theirs just ambition's hope, the common lot. 
 Whose prizes only fall to native worth, 
 Or by devotion's faithful toil are got ; 
 But let him be taintless of sordid spot, 
 Who thee would serve, my country, let him be. 
 Like knight of old, exempt of selfish blot, 
 Whoe'er in court, or camp, aspiringly 
 Thee serves, or civic hall, a guardian of the free. 
 
CANTO I. 41 
 
 Lxxxrv 
 Suci. was our Palmerston, mourned yesterday, 
 Mourned now, the last great statesman taken hence. 
 Whose years of work ne'er made the heart less gay, 
 English his soul, his pleasant eloquence 
 Was home-spun wit and sparkling common-sense : 
 Oh ! fresh brave oak green amid wintry snows. 
 Oh ! young old man of rich experience, 
 Thy sun is set, thou saw'st an era close. 
 Now sleep thee sound where all our worthiest repose.' 
 
 LXXXV 
 
 Such too were they, that high devoted band. 
 Who now down Thames have gone and sailed are. 
 Brighter than wreath that e'er Greek's temple spanned, 
 Olive or parsley, shines thy praise's star. 
 My country, guiding them thro' wat'ry war, 
 'Not seeks their leader any other fame 
 Than that his crest should be without a bar. 
 And that thro' life he might endure the same. 
 Dangers o'ercoming old, as he in youth o'ercame. 
 
 ' Let it not be thought out of place that I here intioduce a stanza 
 to the memory of Lord palmerston. Anxious at home to promote 
 the happiness of all classes of his countrymen, the encourager abroad 
 of constitutional freedom throughout the world, a steadfast friend, a 
 genial and generous foe, cosmopolite in his sympathies, but an English 
 citizen, Lord Palmerston devoted a long life to his country's service, 
 and, not seeking the first place, obtained it, as confessedly the fittest. 
 . As a true exemplar of an English gentleman, a few lines here are 
 not irrelevant; but, if his death be considered, they are the more 
 appropriate, for surely the sage of old, severely regarding all the 
 circumstances of man's life, but most his final close, would have pro- 
 nounced him truly happy. 
 
42 EUTHAJSTASIA. 
 
 LXXXVI 
 
 Now from old Thames' winding wave emerged, 
 Steamers dismissed and crowded canvas set, 
 Northwards past Essex coast their prows are urged. 
 And as upon their way they hourly get, 
 By home-bound ships still in the offing met, 
 One after one, receding coxmties hide, 
 Suffolk and Norfolk first, then dearer yet 
 Tfis weU-known sands of native Lincohi glide 
 From Franklin's eyes, where his loved parents lived and 
 died. 
 
 LXSXVII 
 
 Yorkshire's long shores all stretching to the north. 
 And Scarb'ro's castled cliff, the sea-gulls' post. 
 Far fades, Northxunberland, and Frith of Forth, 
 Aberbrothok, and Aberdeen are lost. 
 More to the west they steer, glad to have crossed 
 Fierce Pentland's ever restless sea of foam, 
 By rough gusts swept and tidal eddies tossed ; 
 Briefly they make Pomona's isle their home. 
 Whose misty headlands watch th' Atlantic billows come. 
 
 Lxxxvni 
 There is a cone-shaped hill that fronts the sea,' 
 Secluded Stromness nestling lies below. 
 Hoar ocean's desolate immensity 
 Hence may you view, and little else, I trow. 
 Here may you hear the gathering tempest gro'w, 
 Grales roar, hoarse breakers burst, shriU sea-fowl 
 
 scream. 
 Nor softer straios those windy summits know. 
 But stormy concerts heard ia twilight gleam 
 Rock best the sailor's brain, and make his sweetest dream. 
 
 ' ' Above the town of Stromness rises a conical-shaped hill ; it has. 
 
CAOTO I. 43 
 
 LXSXIX 
 
 The spot is sacred, a memorial crest. 
 For Idtlier mess-mates came from either crew, 
 And this, they say, -was the last spot they pressed, 
 'Twas here they stood, and took their latest view. 
 Ere Eranklin re-embarked, prompt to renew 
 His western voyage o'er the wat'iy waste. 
 With the nnsetting stm ; foil weU he knew 
 That during summer must he speed with haste. 
 Too soon would frost return and waves in ice be cased. 
 
 xc 
 Away they sail, and sight again the land. 
 No longer British, wondrous to behold, 
 Grreenland's south coast, whose piUared peaks upstand 
 Guarding the clustered islets, bleak and cold. 
 That sleep beneath, mountains behind are roUed 
 Lofty and loftier against the sky, 
 Their snowy heads the sunset clouds enfold, 
 Or float around them rich with ev'iy dye. 
 Far off, in distance dim, the misty glaciers he.' 
 
 I believe, been immortalised by Scott, in his " Pirate ; " it bad yet 
 deeper interest for me, for I was told that up it had toiled dear friends 
 now missing with Franklin. I and a kind shipmate walked out one 
 evening to make our pilgrimage to a spot hallowed by the visit of the 
 gallant and true-hearted that had gone before us ; and as, amid wind 
 and drizzle, we scrambled up the hill, I pictured to myself how, five 
 short years before, those we were now in search of had done the 
 same. Good and gaUant Gore ! chivalrous Fitzjames ! enterprising 
 Pairholme ! lion-hearted Hodgson ! dear Des Vaux ! oh that ye knew 
 help was nigh ! ' Thus Captain S. Osbom, setting out in search of 
 the lost mariners, himself as enthusiastic a sailor as any, apostrophises 
 the noble shades of his luckless predecessors. (See his 'Arctic 
 Journal,' pp. 4, 5.) 
 
 ' For the fidelity of tbia description see McClintock's 'Fate of 
 Franklin, and his Discoveries ' (pp. 17, 18), from which it is con- 
 densed. 
 
44 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 xci 
 Admiringly they gaze, nor yet delay, 
 But leave Cape FareweU on the starboard tack, 
 Steaming to Frederickshaab, first were they' 
 To front with steam the icy-rolling pack. 
 But steam's swift power, alas! ne'er brought them back. 
 Which took them swift away, and bore them then 
 To Disko's bay by the Whale Islands' track : 
 'Tis thirty days since on the open main 
 They spread their flying sail and first commenced their 
 pain. 
 
 XCII 
 
 Their store-ship here, ' Baretto' called, departs. 
 Bearing such letters as the seaman writes. 
 Tossed on the waves to fond home-keeping hearts, 
 KJaowing his hand hailed sweetest of delights, 
 And gladdest far of long-expected sights ; 
 The frank Mtzjames with ardour testifies 
 What happy concord ev'ry soul unites, 
 How swift their chief in all emergencies, — 
 And TrankHn well reports, and how they still devise.^ 
 
 ' ' For the first time in Arctic aniials, these discovery vessels each 
 had auxiliary screws and engines of twenty-horse power.'— Oshorn, 
 ' Career of Franklin,' p. 36. 
 
 ' Sir John Franklin's letter, despatched from the Whale Fish 
 Islands, July 12, 1846, vrillbe found in Simmonds' ' Arctic Eegions,' 
 pp. 151, 152. Of Sir John himself, 'the warm-hearted Fitzjames 
 writes " that Sir John was delightful ; that aU had heeome very 
 fond of him, and that he appeared remarkable for energetic decision 
 in an emergency. The officers were remarkable for good feeling, 
 good humour, and great talents ; whilst the men were fine hearty 
 sailors, mostly from the northern sea-ports." Love already, it is ap- 
 parent, as weU as duty, bound together the gallant hearts on board 
 the Erebus and Terror.' — Ibid. 
 
CANTO I. 45 
 
 XCIU 
 
 Not out of sight the transport vessel views' 
 The Erebus and Terror tempest-tossed 
 In Baffin's hay, and anxiously pursues 
 Her homeward route, soon from their prospect lost : 
 They with a calmer wave 'neath th' icebound coast 
 Proceed, tOl Cape of Sanderson is seen, 
 Known to the Danes and ISTorsemen's endless host, 
 KJaown to our whalers and discov'rers keen. 
 Snows o'er its crimson-threaded front of Kchen lean. 
 
 xciv 
 Below the giant cliffs and at their feet 
 Lies Upemavik, quaint and quiet town. 
 To wave-drenched mariner a shelter sweet. 
 Calm anchorage, when skies tempestuous frown, 
 But on to lighter skies and pools ice-strown ; — 
 Small wish in Franklin's heart to loiter there. 
 While bright mid-summer gUds the arctic zone, 
 Hig soaring mind quick wings of fancy bear 
 Beyond Mackenzie's waves that tow'rds the pole repair. 
 
 ' Not wishing to encumber my poetic narrative with notes beyond 
 what is absolutely necessary, let me say here once for all, that being 
 anxious to follow the voyage with the minutest truth and circum- 
 stantial detail, I have availed myself to the full of Captain Osboru's 
 admirably picturesque and graphic account. A poet, narrating facts 
 and actual occurrences, is as dependent as a historian on others for 
 his materials; all that can be expected of him is; that, adhering 
 to truth, he should give those facts poetically, or omit them if that 
 be impossible. I feel happy in being able to follow so excellent a 
 guide as Captain Osbom, of whose very words I have as freely 
 availed myself as Shakspeare availed himself of Plutarch's and the 
 old chroniclers ; and Byron, in describing the shipwreck, availed him- 
 self of his grandfather's and other narratives. 
 
46 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 XCT 
 
 For -well lie kaew gulf, isle, and frosty creek^ 
 Between Point TuniagaiQ and Dease's strait, 
 And ev'ry cloud-capped and storm-battered peak 
 Familiarly had named, defying fate, 
 And famished skies, and taming the rude hate 
 Of uncouth Esquimaux ; in manhood's prime 
 Twice coasting there from mom till sunset late. 
 With choice companions had he spent the time, 
 Escaping half aHve from that inclement dime. 
 
 xcvi 
 
 Could he hut reach those shores once m.ore perforce. 
 All -would be well and open to the west. 
 Toilsome and tedious but a charted course ; 
 So on he speeds, not now the hour for rest. 
 To gaze where thro' deep chasm pent and prest 
 The wild escaping fiord hurrying fast 
 Shoots like a mortal changed to spirit blest. 
 And hails the sea ; not e'en the glacier vast. 
 Moving yet motionless, detains him fleeting past. 
 
 ' I need not here say much of the two wonderful land expeditions 
 undertaken by PranHin, the first in the yeajs 1819-21, the second 
 in 1825-6. In the latter of these his whole party were only saved 
 from being massacred by the Esquimaux through their extreme 
 caution and prudence. In the second canto, which will treat of 
 Franklin's earlier life, these expeditions will to some extent be 
 described. 
 
CANTO I. 47 
 
 XCVII 
 
 Yet wondrous is the voiceless solitude 
 Of tliat strange land, the melancholy wrack 
 Of nature in her fierce destructive mood. 
 For there with lava's desolation hlack 
 Spreads inland the drear desert's footless track, 
 Uncrossed save by the shelter-seeking deer, 
 But far from thence the Esquimaux shrink back, 
 A dying horde, and far from thence appear 
 •The ruins of that race, killed by dark fate severe.' 
 
 XCTIII 
 
 But on thro' Melville's, on thro' Baffin's bay, 
 Sharp floes and tumbling masses surge around, 
 Whose light reflected gUds the northern day ; 
 The south wind fails, but brighter skies are found, — 
 The fogs roU back, the ships advancing bound 
 To meet the streaming onset, from his post 
 The wise ice-master scans the hostile ground, 
 And soon selects amid the warring host 
 The weakest edge that hues the onward-rolling frost. 
 
 ' ' Here, methought me of the mighty glacier creeping on like 
 fl?ime, silently yet ceaselessly ; the deep and picturesque fiord pent up 
 between precipices, huge, black, and barren; the iceberg, alone a 
 miracle ; then the great central desert of black lara and glittering 
 ice, gloomy and unknown but to the fleet reindeer, who seeks for 
 shelt«r in a region at whose horrors the hardy natives tremble ; and 
 last, but not least, the ruins of the Scandinavian inhabitants, and 
 the present fast-disappearing race of "the Innuit" or Esquimaux.' 
 — Captain S. Osborn's 'Arctic Journal,' p. 10. 
 
 On the uncertain fate of the Scandinavian colonisers of Greenland, 
 see Scoresby's ' Arctic Eegions,' vol. i. p. 66. 
 
48 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 xcix 
 
 The sails are taken in, the speed reduced, 
 ' Steady with small helm steer,' the pilot bawls, 
 A whaler old to Greenland seas long used, 
 Then to the officer on watch he calls 
 To brail the after sails,' but fluttering falls 
 Each stitch of canvas, as with grinding keels 
 The Erebus and Terror cut the walls 
 Of churning ice, yielding their weight it feels, 
 Breaks bent beneath the bows, and round them roars and 
 reels. 
 
 ' Now with the hehn hard up,' th' ice-master shouts, 
 Swifter they sail, to labour soon inured 
 Of daily conflict with the ice that floats 
 Their path, assaulting more the more endured ; — 
 Scarce any open water round is poured, 
 Yet still the vessels on their voyage get. 
 Now lugged by ropes, or now to berg secured 
 Lie snug awhile, the lowest that is met. 
 With crystal dome and spire the lofty ofb upset.^ 
 
 ' ' To brail,' viz., to haul up. The noun 'brails ' is explained by 
 Falconer in a note to his ' Shipwreck' (which poem is a perfect reper- 
 tory of technical sea-terms) to be ' ageneral namegiven toaUtheropes 
 which are employed to haul wp or brail the bottoms and lower courses 
 of the great sails.' 
 
 2 Captain Osbom (' Career of Franklin,' p. 40) particularly notices 
 the danger of the taller icebergs, so liable to turn over, when a ship 
 near them would at once be crushed. 
 
CANTO I. 49 
 
 CI 
 
 Still as they sail thro' ev'ry toilsome day. 
 
 The whaJing ships from Hull and Aberdeen 
 
 Hail them, and out of sight pass swift away. 
 
 But fewer now, and fewer still are seen, 
 
 Till when two months from England they have been,' 
 
 ' The latest views the ships to iceberg moored. 
 Then leaves to them the soHtary scene, 
 Meanwhile to autumn is the year restored, 
 
 Glazed shines the freezing wave with fresh ice nightly 
 floored. 
 
 CII 
 
 The south wind freshens, on the vessels press, 
 A himdred miles of ice behind them he, 
 Around them ice, in front nought else they guess, 
 And thro' the tempest stagger heavily ; 
 But ' westward still,' still westward is the cry, 
 ISo time to stop whose work is but begun. 
 Deposit records, or raise cairns on high. 
 For keen their hope with the next summer's sun 
 Into Pacific seas thro' Behring's gates to run. 
 
 ' ' For a while the discovery ships meet the whaling vessels of 
 Aberdeen and Hull, striving, like themselves, to get through the 
 loose ice into the waters of Pond's Bay. On July 26th (exactly sixty- 
 five days after leaving Sheemess) 'they part company fi«m the last 
 of them, and pursue their solitary course alone.' — Captain S. Oshom, 
 ' Career of Franklin,' p. 40. 
 
 ' Captain Dannett, of . the whaler Prince of "Wales, whilst in 
 Melville Bay, last saw the vessels of the expedition, moored to an 
 jceherg, on July 26, in lat. 74° i^ N., long. 660 13 W., waitingfor a 
 fevourable opening through the middle ice &om Baffin's Bay to 
 Lancaster Sound.' — Simmonds' "Arctic Begions,' p. 151. 
 
 X 
 
50 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 cm 
 
 Oh ! who can tell, while the deep round them rolls; 
 And winds blow cold, and strangest sights surround. 
 What momentary doubt invades their souls ? 
 A moment only ; soon with lurch and bound 
 To Warrender and Hay their path is wound, 
 Grrim capes, guarding with heads snow-silvered, steep, 
 On either side the portals of the sound, 
 Lancaster Sound, thro' which the vessels sweep, 
 Locked from aU eyea but God's that o'er them vigils 
 keep. 
 
 CIV 
 
 Onwards North Devon's precipices break 
 AgaLast the hard blue sky, and thro' the gloom 
 Dark cliffs of Beechey Island rise, no flake' 
 Of snow hangs on their tops, — so steep they loom,- 
 Huge ebon giants, — brooding as in doom 
 Over the hungry plaia, gaunt Famine's lair, 
 Spread at their feet ; there in his vasty room 
 The haggard demon mocks his own despair. 
 Tearing with vulture beak the unsubstantial air. 
 
 ' ' The dark and frowning diffi of Beechey Island — dife too steep 
 for even snow-flake to hang on. There they stand, huge ebon giants, 
 brooding over the land of famine and suffering spread beneath their 
 feet.' — Captain Osborn, ' Career of Franklin,' p. 51. 
 
CANTO I. 51 
 
 cv 
 
 Bleak is Nortli Devon, htuiger's homeless home, 
 Valleys and plains of selfsame hue are seen, 
 Not e'en when sximmer gUds the heav'n's blue dome 
 They their dun robes exchange or smile in green, 
 A leafless land ; yet by the grim ravine, 
 'Neath beetling rooks or in the shallow lake, 
 Animal hfe abounds,' the seal serene 
 Basks with his shining orbs, or huge whales shake 
 The trembling wave, fowl feed, and walruses awake. 
 
 cvi 
 
 But here they pause not, this is not their goal, 
 While yet the southward-speeding sun delays, 
 Only with awful and admiring soul 
 Passing on nature's workmanship they gaze, — 
 What architect surpasses nature's- ways ? 
 See frosty spires, and icy buttresses. 
 Like Gothic churches old, dim fronts that raise, 
 So Winter's hands th' eternal piles impress. 
 And rude rough tumbling rocks with shapely shapeless- 
 
 ' A fact particalarly noted by Captain Osbom. ' The sterility of 
 the land, however, is somewhat compensated for by the plentiful 
 abundance of animal life upon the water. The seal, the whale, and 
 the walrus are there; whilst wild fowl in large ilocks feed in the 
 calm spots under beetling cliffs, or in shallow lakes, which can be 
 looked down upon from the mast-head.' — p. i3. 
 
 E 2 
 
52 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 CVII 
 
 Now are they -well advanced to Walker's cape, 
 Wience their first plan southwards to sail and west, 
 Ajid they right glad thereto their course would shape. 
 But that such frost-embattled foes invest. 
 Seen stretching far from high prospective nest ; — 
 But to north-west clear-sparkling waters lure. 
 Called from our hero-chief, who sleeps at rest ; 
 There Franklin, there Mtzgames haste to explore, 
 Better uncertain path than duU delay endure. 
 
 cvni 
 So up thy channel, Wellington, they fly. 
 By GcTJTiTi ell's land since styled, to Penny's strait, 
 Passing the wondrous clifiEs of Majendie, 
 To Penny's strait, and eagerly debate 
 What widespread waters these which them await. 
 Seen from the mast-head reaching far and wide ; 
 With stud-sails set alow, aloft (the rate* 
 Was not so swift when first in southern tide 
 Victoria's cliffs they saw) the famous vessels glide. 
 
 cm 
 Not there, alas ! an open sea extends. 
 But ice-choked waters westward stretching far ; 
 So back at once the gallant leader bends. 
 And following his swift successfal star. 
 Finds a new path, not known to any tar,^ 
 'Twixt islands from ComwaUis, Bathnrst named; 
 So back to Barrow's straits arrived they are, 
 And gladly still, with spirits all untamed. 
 The hot chase had pursued with vessels hurt and maimed. 
 
 ' Viz., in the expedition to the Antarctic regions, under Sir James 
 C. Eoss, fdready alluded to in stanzas 32, S7, 61. 
 ' ' Next, though most scantily provided with steam-power, Franklin 
 
CANTO I. 53 
 
 ex 
 But now chill hours return ■with frost and. snow, 
 Raw whistling winds drive on the rolling floes, 
 A jagged phalanx, tearing as they go 
 Thro' Barrow's straits the fields^ that them oppose. 
 And tossing fierce, while shorter, shorter grows 
 The dull dark day, for now the sun has fled, 
 Leaving the dim delightless year to close 
 By moon and star, as tho' the land were dead. 
 Whilst he, disdainful king, averts his lively head. 
 
 CXI 
 
 So short the days, so longer grow the nights, 
 Congeals the breath, whene'er the men respire. 
 And see from Hp and beard, most strange of sights. 
 The icicle depend, till thawed by fire, — 
 The hearty tars laugh clad in warm attire ; 
 But from the starving plains and icy drouth 
 The ptarmigans and willow-grouse retire. 
 With whiter wings, and hast'ning to the south. 
 The flocking wild-fowl dart, and shun the land tmcouth. 
 
 navigated round Comwallis Island, wMch he thus proved to be an 
 island. This last discovery of a navigable channel throughout, 
 between Comwallis and Bathurst Islands, though made in the very 
 summer he left England, has remained even to this day ' (Nov. 1859) 
 ' unknown to other navigators.' — Sir E. Murchison's Preface (p. adv.) 
 to Captain Sir L. McClintock's ' Fate of FranHin.' 
 
 Sir Boderick Murchison in the same preface (pp. xiii. xiv.) well 
 points out the extraordinary amount of work performed by the crews 
 of the Erebus and Terror in this one season. ' Earely,' as he truly 
 says, 'has an expedition accomplished the first year more by its 
 ships than the establishing of good winter quarters, from whence 
 the real researches began by sledge-work in the ensuing spring.' 
 Franklin, as before pointed out, did a great deal more than this, 
 besides making, en route, very important geographical discoveries. 
 ' Viz., ice-fidds. 
 
54 EUTHANASIA. 
 
 CXII 
 
 So must they seek a haven for the ships 
 And for themselves, and studiously beguile 
 The horrid time thro' winter's long eclipse ; 
 No shelter know they near save Beechey's isle, 
 So thither speed, avoiding well the wile 
 Of drifting pack, that oft the seaman bears 
 Unwary and unwilling many a mile 
 Back to th' Atlantic ; them it better feres. 
 Who, hauling high the keels, look well to their repairs. 
 
 Now iron Winter rules the polar year, 
 Murdering light and warmth with icy hand; 
 Not here alternate frost and thaw appear. 
 But with one stroke locked springs and rivers stand 
 Frozen to adamant at his command ; 
 Coldness and silence reign, and death supreme. 
 Snow's dazzling white encases all the land. 
 Nor seas nor fiords well distinguished seem. 
 One colour everywhere, strai^e as a waking dream. 
 
 cxrv 
 Thus far have I pursued my flight along. 
 Companion of their voyage well begun. 
 But now, embarking on another song. 
 Quit them awhile, by fancy strongly won 
 To tell what deeds by PrankJin erst were done 
 In his heroic prime, beheld the same 
 Both in his rising and his setting sun ; 
 Which finished, these again with steadfast aim 
 I will o'ertake and to the end record their fame. 
 
CANTO I. 55 
 
 cxv 
 
 Thus far : but homewards now I must resort, 
 Plying the Arctic seas' ice-battered waste, 
 To drop my anchor in the Muses' port, 
 And have my fiail bark in strong iron cased, 
 That soon must be by fiercest tempest chased, 
 TVonting all winter's utmost rage severe : 
 Now, while short days the year's conclusion haste, 
 I'U stop at home with festive Christmas dear, 
 Singing my tale thus far the fireside group to cheer. 
 
 END OF OAJfTO 1. 
 
SONG OF CHEISTMAS. 
 
50 
 
 A SONG OF CHEISTMAS. 
 
 What solemn strain — 
 Floats thro' the dark ? or dreams the brain ? 
 
 What gentlest minstrels nxake 
 Soft music and the seal of slnmber break ? 
 
 It is ' the Waits ' — they bring 
 Old Christmas back, and his glad welcome sing ; 
 
 Who knows not that bhthe band 
 With matin carol ■waking wintry land ? 
 
 I knew them well of yore, 
 Where my sweet Sarum's natal spire doth soar, — 
 
 Under night's muffling hood, 
 Hard by the ehns glad mom's approach they wooed ; — 
 
 From balmy sleep's snug nest 
 I heard, and joy and wonder filled my breast. 
 
 May none such heralds scorn, 
 Whose cheerful notes usher the Christmas dawn ; 
 
 Of sun, of earth, of sea, 
 He'd tire, of Christmas who could tired be : — 
 
 Oh ! dull and desert heart, 
 That lov'st not Christmas, far from me depart : — 
 
 But hark ! I hear the bells — 
 Far, near, loud, low, wild, wild their hubbub swells, — 
 
 Away I'll fly, and join the rout 
 Crowding the joyous street, and shout with them that 
 shout. 
 
60 A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 
 
 Hark ! how the bells with their merry merry chime. 
 
 Spontaneous of rhyme, 
 Backwards, forwards swinging, louder, lower tinging 
 
 In harmonious time, 
 With a clatter and a crash, and a silver dash and clash 
 
 To the glad glad birth 
 
 Of Christmas 'pon the earth. 
 Welcome, welcome, welcome seem to be singing — 
 
 To the glad birth 
 
 Of Christmas mirth. 
 Welcome, welcome, welcome, triply ringing ! 
 
 O'er moor, o'er fell. 
 Up hillj down dell. 
 From tower to tower with one desire 
 Bell answers bell. 
 Spire nods to spire, 
 Country to town, to country town doth tell, — 
 ' The foe of pain 
 ' Is here again, 
 ' Our new old friend, in spotless white attire, 
 ' Christmas is here, 
 ' Glad news, good cheer, 
 ' Crown the fall festive board, and feed the flaming fire.' 
 
 Welcome in cottage, welcome in haU, 
 Welcome in country, welcome in town. 
 
 Market and street 
 
 Where aU folk meet, 
 To the rich and the poor, the great and the small, 
 To the lowest that hves by sweat of his brow, 
 To the lady that wears the sceptre and crown ; 
 
A SONG OF CHKISTMAS. 61 
 
 Both old and yotmg 
 
 Thee welcome now, 
 Whose laugh hides no malice, nor smile turns to frown ; 
 True welcome, bHthe ■yelcome, gay welcome be rung ; 
 
 Thou art old, thou art cold, — 
 But thy blue veins within still the warm blood is rolled. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Old man with silver beard and hair of snow. 
 
 Steps tott'ring as they go, — 
 Still shines thymirthsome eye, thou'rt youthfiil yet, 
 
 And well therefore is set 
 The holly on thy head with glossy sheen 
 
 Of liveliest evergreen, 
 Where in and out, like tiny lamp ablaze. 
 
 The coy red berry strays ; 
 And well with thee that hopping bird doth come 
 
 For whom all fling the crumb, 
 Robin, our homely pet with scarlet breast. 
 
 The open'd window's guest. 
 Who, when all pipers else forsake the year. 
 
 Warbles so sweet and clear. 
 That cross dull Winter stooping asks, ' What's this 
 ' So small chirps not amiss ? ' 
 
 Hark ! once more, the bells ! 
 
 How their joyaunce swells ! 
 O'er hill and dale again and far extending plain ; 
 ' For he is come,' they cry, 
 ' For he is come with fife and drum, 
 ' With band and song and dance, 
 
(32 A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 
 
 ' With glee and melody, 
 ' And jolly countenance, 
 ' The wine-cup come to quaff 
 ' "With loud uproarious laugh, 
 ' For a boist'rous man is he, like the hurly-burly sea,- 
 ' Yet comes he meek and mild 
 ' lake sweetly smiling child, 
 ' For a tender soul has he, kind as lamb upon the lea.' 
 Oh ! ring the bells, ring low ! 
 Oh ! ring the bells, ring wild. 
 While he tramples down the snow 
 With his glory of laughter, deep tears lie below, 
 A mighty manly heart, but simple as a child. 
 
 With good cheer and open brow 
 Wont to come, come Christmas now, 
 Bringiog ease for old and weary, 
 Balm for broken heart and dreary. 
 Help and comfort for the poor. 
 Something sweet for ev'ry door. 
 Thou of blessings hast galore ; — 
 For the hungry findest food, 
 Hope for sad desponding mood, 
 For poor souls that houseless roam 
 Ready roof and hearty home ; — 
 For the shiv'rer clothes and fire. 
 AH things bad from thee retire : 
 Evil passions of the mind, 
 Misanthrope who hates his kind. 
 Griping Avarice, thorny Care, 
 Vanity that loves a stare, 
 Selfish Pride, who hugs his chain, 
 Malice glorying in pain, 
 
A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 68 
 
 All fly thee ; — but Joy and Glee 
 
 Follow and warm Charity 
 
 Thy most blest society, 
 
 Seeking ever -with delight 
 
 Household faces to unite ; — 
 
 Thou, an uniYeraal father, 
 
 All around the hearth dost gather. 
 
 Where if haply some sad eye 
 
 Light on chair of vacancy, 
 
 ICrth-ecKpsiag shadow creeps 
 
 And awhile heart inly weeps 
 
 For one deep-laid in churchyard green 
 
 Low in grave, no longer seen. 
 
 Where dark cypress, darker yew 
 
 Make black night of blackest hue ; — 
 
 Or the gentle mind meanders 
 
 O'er wide trackless sands where wanders 
 
 Some advent'rous soul best loved, 
 
 All by dangers dread unmoved. 
 
 Tracking wilderness of waste. 
 
 Or tumbled prone in voiceless haste 
 
 From fierce simoom's volcanic breath. 
 
 Winged with horror, winged with death. 
 
 But the grey sire's fancy follows 
 
 Where away on lonely billows 
 
 Some blithe curly -headed boy. 
 
 His old bosom's fondest joy. 
 
 Up and down the world doth roam. 
 
 Soused by salt sea's flying foam, — 
 
 Or ice-beset, who knows, afar 
 
 Under beam of moon and star 
 
 Li empty land of sleep and night, 
 
 Where Dan Sol stints half his hght, ^ 
 
 On the dim outskirts of the world, 
 
 Where old Chaos bUnd has hurled 
 
64 A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 
 
 The piled icebergs' spectral host, 
 
 Warders weird of loveless coast, 
 
 That in gHnunering twilight glare 
 
 Like Poljrpheme with eyeless stare. 
 
 When the giants' rabble rout 
 
 Asked him of his orb put out ; — 
 
 There the white bears prowl and pry 
 
 For the dozing seals that lie, 
 
 There 'neath wintry dome of snow 
 
 limtdts keep their lamp aglow. 
 
 There in windy tempest's van 
 
 Swift Aurora spreads her fan. 
 
 Thro' whose thin transparent screen 
 
 May the dimphng stars be seen 
 
 As at hide-and-seek to play. 
 
 All bewildered of their way ; — 
 
 There alone, the ship their hut. 
 
 Par apart with Nature shut. 
 
 My brave tars who sailed away 
 
 In the merry month of May, 
 
 Bid adieu to carking care 
 
 Keeping Christmas biU of fare. 
 
 And of absent firiends oft think 
 
 Who to them health gaily drink. 
 
 Health, and hope, and sweet success, 
 
 And best prayer ' May Grod them bless.' 
 
 Homewards, homewards now I'm turning, 
 
 Happy spectacle discerning. 
 
 Where around the blazing hearth 
 
 Circles universal mirth ; 
 
 Riddle, jest, and joke abound ; ' 
 
 Frequent louder laughs resound. 
 
 When to query framed with care 
 
 Crooked answer's dull despair 
 
A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 65 
 
 Hobbles round the merry paxty, 
 
 Peal on peal re-ectoing bearty. 
 
 Ifext tbe yoimgstera qnake to bear 
 
 Ancient grandam's tale of fear, 
 
 Then up, wben quiet sports are done, 
 
 Suits wild noise and roadcap fan, 
 
 Flying far -witb swifb alarms 
 
 Prom groping blind-man's outspread arms, 
 
 Who feeling for them out of sight. 
 
 Panic makes and whispered fright. 
 
 These snatch with half-reluctant soul 
 
 Brandied plum from lurid bowl, 
 
 Those attracts to magic gaine. 
 
 Twilight dusk' of covert flame. 
 
 As to and fro athwart the sheet 
 
 Mimic shadows follow fleet. 
 
 But hark ! what splendid din ascending. 
 
 What shouts of joy the rafters rending 
 
 Tell of the tree that starts to light 
 
 Mashing on the dazzled sight. 
 
 Thousand treasures there I ween, 
 
 Hanging bough and leaf between. 
 
 See — the Mummers now are met 
 
 In the hall with parts well set ; 
 
 There the cruel Turkish knight 
 
 Kills the rest in fearful fight, 
 
 TiQ brave St. George to rescue hastes 
 
 And swift to ground vile Paynim casts. 
 
 Then away to play elsewhere 
 
 In pink and white so debonair. 
 
 Lo 1 Night half her journey measures. 
 
 Straight away to other pleasures. 
 
 Better betters still what's best. 
 
 Ever last outdoes the rest ; 
 
66 A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 
 
 Now songs and glees and games are over, 
 
 Strikes np the band, the floors uncover, 
 
 Ev'ry little lord and lady 
 
 For the ball stands spruce and ready. 
 
 See commence the mazy dance, 
 
 Now to retreat, now to advance. 
 
 Now separate, now intertwined, 
 
 In labyrinth or alone they wind, — 
 
 A linked chain thread in and out, 
 
 Or coupled whirl the room about. 
 
 Till if chance their footsteps carry 
 
 Where the glist'ning bough doth tarry, 
 
 Whose white berries gem the spray, 
 
 Like to moisten'd pearls' dim ray. 
 
 Forfeit sweet must neither miss. 
 
 Gentle forfeit of a kiss. 
 
 But see in heaven's lamplit arc. 
 
 Thro' the broad bosom of the dark. 
 
 Star 'pon star in rapid race 
 
 From the welkin drops apace. 
 
 And the round world roUs once more 
 
 Towards the great sun's eastern door. 
 
 Ne'er Night knew such merry madness, 
 
 Nor felt so loth to quit such gladness. 
 
 As 'neath arch of hands all bend 
 
 Sequent pairs, and sports have end. 
 
 Then off to poppy Morpheus creep, 
 
 Low lulled in lap of silver sleep. 
 
 So speeds once more away ' . 
 
 The festive time, 
 With mirth, and dance, and holly spray ,- 
 
 So ends my rhyme. 
 
A SONG OF CHRISTMAS. 67 
 
 So farewell Christmas — but if sucli delights 
 Thou canst heget, such happy harmless nights, 
 
 We'll ever welcome thee mth song, 
 
 And the glad night prolong, — 
 Culling fresh gloss of greenest holly 
 
 With red ripe berry shining, — 
 So well thy -wisdom teaches to shun folly. 
 
 To seasonable joys our hearts inclining. 
 And innocentest fun the cure of melancholy. 
 
 r.oM>ny 
 
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INDEX. 
 
 Acton's Modem Cookery 26 
 
 AJlcTnoon of Life 20 
 
 AuocK*s Residence in Japnix 21 
 
 Alpine r. aide (The) 22 
 
 JonmftUThe) 28 
 
 Afjobn'b Manual of the Metalloids U 
 
 Araoo'8 Bioeraphies of Scientific Men .... 5 
 
 Popular Astronomy 10 
 
 Meteorological Esdays 10 
 
 Aa.Kos.o's Manual of KnelishXiterature. ... 7 
 
 Arkott's ElementB of Physics U 
 
 Atherstone Piiorjr 23 
 
 Atkinson's Papinian 5 
 
 Autumn Holidayof aCooNTH* Pabsom.... 8 
 
 AvRs's Treasury of Bible Knowledge 18 
 
 Bacon's EssaySt by 'W'satblt 5 
 
 Life and Letters, by Spbdbiko 3 
 
 Workst by £i.us Spjesuino, and 
 
 Hbath S 
 
 Bain on the Emotions and Will 9 
 
 oD the Senses and Intellect 9 
 
 on the Study of Character 9 
 
 Bainrs's Explorations in S.W.Afi-icu, .... 21 
 
 Ball's (rulde to the Central Alps 2S 
 
 Guide to the Western Alps 22 
 
 Batldon's Bents and Tillages 17 
 
 BBRLBPscR'a lafe and Nature in the Alps ... 12 
 
 Black's Treatise on Brewing 26 
 
 Blackj-et and Friedlandbs's Grerman and 
 
 . English Dictionary 8 
 
 Blainb's Sural Sports 24 
 
 Bliq&t's Week st the Land's End 23 
 
 BooBHB^a Catechism of the Steam Encine.. 16 
 
 . Treatiseon the Steam Engine... in 
 
 Bowdlrb's Family Sbabspbark *24 
 
 Bovd's Manual for Naval Cadets 26 
 
 Bramlrt-Uoorr's Six Sisters of the Valleys 23 
 Bbandb's Dictionary of Science, Literature^ 
 
 andArt 13 
 
 Bbay's (G.) Education of the Feelings 9 
 
 - Philosophy of Necessity 9 
 
 (Mrs.) British Empire 10 
 
 Bbbwbr's Atiasof History and Geography 27 
 
 Brintox ou Food and Digestion 26 
 
 Bbistow's Glossary of Mineralogy li 
 
 Bbodib's (Sir C. B.) Psychological Inquiries 9 
 
 Works 14 
 
 Brown's Demonstrations of Microscopic 
 
 Anatomy. 14 
 
 BROWNB'sExpositionof the 39 Articles 17 
 
 Pentateuch and Elohistic Psalms 17 
 
 BocsLx's History of Civilization 2 
 
 Boll's Hints to Mothers S7 
 
 Maternal Management of Children. 27 
 
 BiTKSEN'sAnalecta Ante-Niciena 19 
 
 Ancient E^ypt 3 
 
 Hiopoly tus and his Age 19 
 
 Philosophy of Universal History 19 
 
 Bctntan's Pilgrim's Progress, illustrated by 
 
 Bennbtt. 15 
 
 Borkb's Vicissitudes of Families 4 
 
 Bdtlbr's Atlas of Ancient Geography 27 
 
 Modem Geograpl^ 28 
 
 ClabinetLawTer ; 27 
 
 Caltbrt's Wife's Manu^ 20 
 
 Cats and Farlib's Moral Emblems 1& 
 
 Chorale Book for England 21 
 
 CoLBMso (Bishop) on Pentateuch and Book 
 
 of Joshua 18 
 
 CoLLTNs on Stag-Hunting in Devon and 
 
 Somerset 25 
 
 Commonplace Philosopher in Town and 
 
 CountiT 8 
 
 Companions of my Solitude 8 
 
 Coninoton's Handbook of ^emicol Ana- 
 
 lyei* IS 
 
 CoNTANSBAo's Pockct Frcuch and English 
 
 Dictionary ". 7 
 
 I'^tlcal ditto 7 
 
 CoNTDBARB Rud Howson's Life Rud Eplstles 
 
 of St. Paul 19 
 
 Coplakb's Dictionary of Practical Medicine U 
 
 Abridgment of ditto U 
 
 CJotton's Introduction to Confirmation 19 
 
 Cox's Tales of the Great Persian War 2 
 
 Talesfrom Greek Mythology 23 
 
 —Tales of the Gods and Heroes 23 
 
 Tales of Tliebes and Argos 23 
 
 Cresx's Encyclopscdia of Civil Engineering 16 
 
 Crowe's History of France 2 
 
 D'Audionr's History of the Reformation in 
 
 the time of Calvin 2 
 
 Dead Shot (The"), by Mar ksthan 25 
 
 Tie LA Rive's Treatise on Electricity 11 
 
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