r=v^^- 
 
 ^-,jmPM' 
 
 k 
 
R. B. HiNMAN 
 
 COLLECTION 
 
 Professor of Animal Husbandry 
 1921-1943 
 
 New York 
 
 State College of Agriculture 
 
 At Cornell University 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
i O.T ^„„ „i'P'."*"''"'™''Sity Library 
 
 SF 199.S56A42 1883 
 
 ^J'story of the short-horn cattle :their 
 
 3 1924 002 921 173 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002921173 
 
as 
 
 01 
 
 
HISTORY 
 
 SHORT-HORN CATTLE 
 
 THEIR ORIGIN, PROGRESS AND 
 PRESENT CONDITION. 
 
 LEWIS F. ALLEN, 
 
 AUTHOR OF " AMERICAN CATTLe/' EDITOR OF THE " AMERICAN SHORT-HORN 
 HERD book/' etc. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y.: . 
 PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 No. 1192 Niagara Street. 
 
 1883. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S79, by 
 
 LEWIS F. ALLEN, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 The Courier Company, 
 
 EUctroiyPerSy Printers and Binders, 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This book has cost me much labdr. The material from 
 which it has been drawn was difficult to obtain — much more 
 than those not conversant with the subject would imagine — and 
 many years have elapsed in its gathering. Short-horn cattle 
 history, in a connected form, has never existed since the race 
 has been known, and it is only through the scraps and desultory 
 notes made from time to time by different breeders and occa- 
 sional writers within the past seventy years that we learn any- 
 thing with certainty, and then in such disconnected fragments 
 that the toil of dissecting, arranging, and putting them together 
 understandingly has been most perplexing and difficult. 
 
 Still, the work, such as it is, has been accomplished ; and 
 that a volume of this character is needed by the Short-horn 
 breeders, of America, and other countries where the race exists, 
 must be evident to every intelligent breeder. Many of the 
 various writings relating to Short-horns, their breeding and pro- 
 gress, scattered through the agricultural publications of the day, 
 both in Great Britain and America are of decided value ; but 
 portions of them have been intermixed with such partisan feel- 
 ing, and sometimes so inaccurate in statement as to yield little 
 of correct information to those who wish to arrive at the real 
 truth of Short-horn history. The mass of cattle breeders have 
 not been of the class addicted to scholastic pursuits, although 
 they knew many facts, valuable and important. Many of these 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 facts have been given to the world ; but more of them have 
 perished with their possessors who died and left no sign of 
 their labors, other than the noble animals whose posterity have 
 survived them. 
 
 The English Herd Book's, from the year 1822, have recorded 
 pedigrees of the Short-horns existing nearly a century back, 
 and as they have since increased and multiplied, down to the 
 present time ; but they have given us pedigrees only. Had 
 they been accompanied with historical matter relating to their 
 breeders, and the distinguished animals of their times, they 
 would have added much of both interest and instruction. 
 Some such notes have been written by accurate observers 
 and preserved, from which we have gleaned valuable informa- 
 tion ; but the information derived from them is less full and 
 complete than could be wished. Inference and guess-work 
 have been measurably resorted to by some writers in past days 
 to give color to various facts and theories of their own — some 
 of them right, and some erroneous. In the examination of 
 authorities leading to the present work many contradictory 
 statements have been canvassed, and an effort has been made 
 to separate the probable from the improbable ; yet it is not 
 denied that errors may be found in these pages, so difficult has 
 it been to detect and separate fact from opinion, truth from 
 imagination. 
 
 It may be asked : Why, with such contrarieties of hisotrical 
 fact and opinion, strive to write Short-horn history at all? The 
 plain answer is : The Short-horns have a history, and a most 
 interesting one. A hundred years ago they were comparatively 
 an obscure race of cattle, even in the land of their nativity. 
 For several centuries they had been considered of little value 
 over other common neat cattle, until sagacious men discovered 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 their capability of improvemeint ; and' through the persevering 
 efforts of such men they have been raised to a degree of per- 
 fection, value, and popularity, far beyond any other of the 
 known bovine races. The money value of well-bred Shorts 
 horns now in the United States alone, may be safely estimated 
 at several millions of dollars. They are worthy of a history, 
 and a better one, too, if possible, than is here presented ; but 
 there having appeared no other, this must suffice until an abler 
 and more painstaking pen shall replace or supersede it. 
 
 This effort has been a labor of love chiefly, for in its limited 
 sale — anticipated only among Short-horn breeders — no pecuni- 
 ary profit can result from its publication. Having been for many 
 years connected wrth the compilations of the American Herd 
 Book, and so many questions continually arising touching facts 
 and incidents in their previous breeding, (perhaps better known 
 to the author through his several hundreds of correspondents 
 than to almost any other,) he has been convinced that these 
 cattle should have, as they well deserve, as full a history as can 
 be given of their race. The book makes no pretension to 
 literary merit. It is a plain subject, treated in a plain way, 
 and in the hope that it will be understood by all who may look 
 into its pages. Omissions, both of fact and date, there may be, 
 on the detection of which fastidious critics may carp and con- 
 demn. If such there be, we advise them to go forthwith to 
 work and get up a better. Without further apology or excuse 
 for its shortcomings, it goes forth to the public. 
 
 It is proper to say in this connection, tliat both the first and 
 second volumes of the American Herd Book contain consid- 
 erable matter (written and edited by the author of this work) 
 relating to Short-horn history, as then understood. But the pres- 
 ent work supercedes all that, as further sources of information 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 more detailed, and in some instances more accurate, have since 
 come to light. 
 
 It is fitting here to acknowledge the several favors which 
 I have received from many correspondents in various parts- 
 of the United States, also some few in England, and the 
 Canadas, who have contributed valuable information and 
 papers relating to various subjects of this volume, for which 
 I hold them in grateful remembrance. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y., August, 1872. 
 
 LEWIS F. ALLEN. 
 
 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The first edition of this work being exhausted by sales, and a de- 
 .mand still existing among the Short-horn breeders of the country for 
 its continuation, a new edition, with an appendix to their history, 
 partially in Great Britain, and more generally in America, is herewith 
 issued. As past experience has proved, the increase of Short-horn 
 cattle has progressed throughout the country at large far beyond the 
 anticipations of even the most sanguine of their propagators years 
 ago. They are now the most popular of all cattle of every distinct 
 breed, irrespective of numbers, and (admitting the values and good 
 qualities of other breeds for the various purposes to which they 
 are applied) are more generally distributed throughout our grazing 
 States and Territories than all the others combined. For crossing 
 upon all inferior cattle and elevating the values of their progeny, no 
 other breed can equally compare with the Short-horns. Their early 
 maturity, their noble size, their contour of appearance, their 
 picturesque colors, their fine qualities of flesh, spread abundantly 
 over their perfect anatomy, have established them as the perfection 
 of the Bovine race. Not only as flesh producers, but in dairy 
 qualities, when wisely, bred and educated for such purposes, they 
 rank all other breeds in the profits of their production. A thorough 
 study of this work is commended to every cattle breeder in the land. 
 
 L. F. ALLEN. 
 Buffalo, N. Y., November, 1883. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 We have thought it necessary to illnstrate the work with a few portraits of 
 animals of distinguished reputation in their times, and such as would show the 
 comparative merits and improvements in the anatomy and style of the Short-horns 
 as they progressed from as early a day as possible down to a recent period. The 
 scarcity of portraits of the earlier animals has afforded but a limited opportunity 
 to make selections. We have wished to present the best specimens of their time, 
 irrespective of any particular tribe or family to which they belonged, and only 
 regret that the portraits we have been able to obtain are restricted to the herds of 
 so few breeders ; yet they were animals well known in Short-horn circles, and 
 whose blood courses in the veins of very many herds of the present day. They are 
 given with no intention to claim superiority over some others that may have existed 
 contemporary with them, but because other equally good portraits could not be 
 found. We place them in the order of time at which they lived : 
 
 1. Duchess, red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1800, got by 
 
 Daisy bull (186), out ol— , by Favorite (252), — by Hubback (319), — the 
 
 Stanwick (original Duchess) cow, by J. Brown's red bull (97). At 7 years old, 
 milked down, and thin in flesh. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by Dalby. 
 Page 13. 
 
 2. Comet (155), light roan, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1804, got by 
 Favorite (252), out of Young Phoenix, by Favorite (252), — Phcenix, by Foljambe 
 (263), — Lady Maynard by R. Alcock's bull (19), — ^by Jacob Smith's bull (608), — by 
 Jolly's bull (337). At 6 years old. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by 
 
 "Dalby. Page 74. 
 
 3. Ketton 1ST (709), red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1805, 
 got by Favorite (252), out of Duchess, by Daisy bull (186), etc., as in No. i, above. 
 At full age. Drawn by Weaver, Plate after a copy by Dalby. Frontispiece. 
 
 3. The White Heifer that Traveled, bred by Robert Colling, calved about 
 the year 1806, got by Favorite (252), out of Favorite cow, by Favorite (252), — gr. 
 dam, by punch (531), At full age. Drawn by Weaver. Plate after a copy by 
 Dalby, Page 84, 
 
 5, Duchess ist, red and white, bred by Charles Colling, calved in 1808, got by 
 
 Comet (155), out of , by Favorite (252), — Duchess, by Daisy bull (186), 
 
 etc., as in No. i, above. At full age. Drawn by Dalby, Page 125. 
 
 6. Belvedere (1706), roan, bred by Mr. Stephenson, calved in 1826, got by 
 Waterloo (2816), out of Angelina 2d, by Young Wynyard (2859), — Angelina by 
 Phenomenon (491), — Anne Boleyn, by Favorite (252), — Princess, by Favorite (252) 
 [bred by Robert Colling, and own sister to his White bull (151)], — by Favorite (252), 
 
Vlll ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 —by Snowdon's bull (612),— by Masterman's bull (422),— by Harrison's buU (292), 
 —bred by Mr. Pickering. At 8 years old. Drawn by Dalby. Page 127, 
 
 7. Duchess 34TH, mostly red, bred by Thomas Bates, calved in 1832, got by 
 Belvedere (1706), out of Duchess 29th, by 2d Hubback (1423),— Duchess 20th, by 
 2d Earl (1511),— Duchess 8th, by Marske (418),— Duchess 2d, by Ketton 1st (709), 
 —Duchess 1st, by Comet (155), etc., as in No. 5, above. At 11 years old, milked 
 dry, and left hip broken down. Drawn by Dalby. Page 128. 
 
 8. Duke of Northumberlakd (1940), red roan, bred by Thomas Bates, calved 
 n 1835, got by Belvedere (1706), out of Duchess 34th, by Belvedere (1706), etc., as 
 
 in No. 7, above. At 8 years old. Drawn by Dalby. Page 131. 
 
 9. Necklace (twinned with light roan Bracelet), mostly red, bred by John 
 Booth, Killerby, calved in 1837, got by Priam (2452), out of Toy, by Argus (759).— 
 Vestal, by Pilot (496),— Vestris, by Remus (550),— Valentine, by Blucher (82),— 
 Countess, by Albion (14),— by Shakspeare (582),— by Easby (232). At 6 years old. 
 Drawn by Gauci. Page iii. 
 
 10. Commander-in-Chief (21451), roan, bred by Richard Booth, calved in 
 1864, got by Valasco (15443), on' of CampfoUower, by Crown Prince (10087), — 
 Vivandiere, by Buckingham (3239), — Minette, by Leonard (4210), — Young Moss 
 Rose, by Young Matchem (4422), — by Priam (2452), — by Young Alexander (2979), 
 — ^by Pilot (496). At 4 years old. Drawn by Gauci. Page 146. 
 
 The red and roan shades in the colors of the plates show less conspicuously in 
 lithograph than in the original paintings, for which allowance must be made. The 
 artist, Mr. Page, has executed them with great fidelity and care. 
 
 Further notices of these animals will be found on the pages where the plates 
 occur. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 First Period of their History — The Second Period— The Cathedral Cow — AAThen 
 began the Improvement — Progress of Improvement 13 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Early Breeders — Dates and Names of Noted Animals — The Colling Brothers — 
 Hubback — The Stanwick, or Original Duchess — Lady Maynard and Young 
 Strawberry — Foljambe — Charles Ceiling's Mode of Breeding — The Durham 
 Ox — Robert Colling and his Breeding 28 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Were the CoUings the Earliest and Chief Improvers of the Short-horns — Their 
 Early Cattle — The Galloway Cross — Berry's Youatt History — Charles CoUing's 
 Final Sale — Robert Colling's Sales of 1818 and 1820 — The CoUings' Improve- 
 ment '. 56 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Booth Family and their Short-horns— The Studley Herd— The Killerby Herd 
 —The Warlaby Herd 95 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Thomas Bates — His Short-horns and their Breeding — The Duchess Tribe — The 
 Matchem Cow — Mr. Bates' other Tribes — Colors of the Bates Herds — Sale of 
 Mr. Bates' Herd, and their English successors — Lord Ducie's Breeding and 
 Sales 118 
 
 CHAPTER VL 
 Mr. Bates' Influence on the Short-horns — Did he Improve them 144 
 
 CHAPTER VIL 
 
 The English Short-horn Breeders contemporary with the CoUings and their imme- 
 diate successors 148 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The SKort-horns in America — Tlie Gough and Miller Importations of the last cen- 
 tury—The Patton Stock — Various other Importations— The Kentucky Impor- 
 tation of 1817 — Sundry Importations down to 1830 155 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Later Short-horn Importations into various States by different associations and 
 individuals — Declension of Prices 17^ 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Revival of the Short-horns in America — Importations in rapid succession into sev- 
 eral different States by individuals and associations — Canadian Importations — 
 The Short-horns as Milkers — As Flesh-producing Animals — Vitality, Longev- 
 ity, and Fertility — Colors of Short-horn Noses — Body Colors 193 
 
 jCHAPTER XL 
 
 Exportations of American Short-horns to England and Scotland — The Style, Figure 
 and Quality which should represent a Perfect Short-horn 222 
 
 CHAPTER XIL 
 
 Pure Short-horns — Herd Books — Pedigrees — The English Herd Book — The Amer- 
 ican Herd Book 230 
 
 CHAPTER XIIL 
 
 Progress of Short-horns in America — Have they improved — English and American 
 
 Herd Book Pedigrees — Notes on breeding — Thorough-breds — Full-bloods 
 
 Conclusion 244 
 
PART FIRST. 
 
OS 
 
 ■-4 
 
 to. 
 
 03 
 to 
 
 § 
 
 ^ 
 
 2 
 
HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 fiRST Period of their History. 
 
 The origin of this noble race of cattle is obscure ; but, that their 
 lineage is ancient there can, be no question. Modern records — say- 
 within the last hundred and fifty years, as tradition had already done 
 for several hundred years previous — first recognize them inhabiting 
 the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln, on the 
 north-eastern coast of England, and the country more immediately 
 in the vicinity of the river Tees — the dividing line between Durham 
 and York — as the locality where the more signal efforts have been 
 made in their cultivation and improvement. 
 
 Why it is that the histories of nations, states, and people, usually 
 so minute in what relates to conquests, government, laws, military 
 and naval achievements, arts, and the general condition of the people, 
 leave out valuable minor items to which the industry of the popula- 
 tion is continuously directed, is difficult to say, other than the histo- 
 rians themselves have had no tastes or sympathies in common with 
 agricultural pursuits; or perhaps the humbler subjects of agricul- 
 tural industry were esteemed of too vulgar and menial a character to 
 attract their notice. In short, domestic animals were below the 
 " dignity of history," while the dirty intrigues of a lascivious monarch 
 with a high-born wanton, or of a court favorite with an attractive 
 wench of plebeian birth, were exalted subjects of record ! 
 
 From researches through the various authorities in English annals 
 from the time > that England had a recognized history at all, we find 
 no mention made of cattle, as distinguished by origin, race, or breed. 
 They are mentioned as domestic animals, simply, furnishing a portion 
 of the food of the people, and articles of traffic, and there all allusion 
 to them ends. We know nothing further whatever of their existence, 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 use, or varieties than we know of the foxes, hares and badgers, in 
 which the outskirt lands of the nobility abounded. We have 
 labored descriptions and illustrations of the costumes of the people, 
 their amusements, games, tournaments — faithful chronicles of the 
 times, no doubt — but not a word of their domestic animals, save now 
 and then an allusion to the horses of the realm, but of them, even, 
 no definite idea is given of either breed, conformation, or their 
 adaptation to different uses. 
 
 In view of this dearth of information we have to resort somewhat 
 to conjecture, and that conjecture drawn from collateral testimony, 
 and incidents occasionally cropping out through historical events. 
 Until, therefore, we can strike a vein of information with apparent 
 truth and probability on its side, we must, as best we can, grope 
 through the clouds of tradition mainly for an earlier account of the 
 Short-homs. 
 
 For some centuries previous to the advent of the Normans under 
 William the Conqueror, and while under Saxon, and probably the 
 anterior Roman rule, the warlike Scandinavians of Denmark, Sweden 
 and Norway, invaded the north-eastern coasts of England, compris- 
 ing the counties which we have named, then called Northumbria, and 
 held them for longer or shorter terms in subjection. The Scandina- 
 vians were skilled in the use of arms, bold navigators, pirates, both 
 on sea and land, raiding upon all the weaker peoples which they 
 could reach, and holding them subsidiary to their own power and 
 purposes. With all these peoples, which, to a greater or less extent, 
 they subjected to their rule, they established trade and commerce, 
 and interchanged commodities, for they were as enterprising and 
 sagacious in trade as they were daring in their <:onquests and rob- 
 beries. They may not have carried away prisoners from England 
 to their own lands, but more or less of their adventurous men set- 
 tled themselves and made homes among the conquered people, mar- 
 ried their women, and the children became Northumbrians in birth, 
 habits and permanent abode. 
 
 At the time of the Norman conquest, in the year 1066, the people 
 of Northumbria presented a mixture of ancient Britons, Saxons and 
 Scandinavians, in blood, name and identity of character. Its cli- 
 mate was the most rigorous of the territory lying south of Scotland ; 
 its coast looked out on the bleak German ocean ; its soil was moist, 
 readily worked, rich in the natural elements of fertility, and emi- 
 nently fitted for pasturage and the production of the better grasses ; 
 yet its agriculture, like all the northern English counties of that day 
 
FIRST PERIOD OF THEIR HISTORY. 1$ 
 
 was in a low condition. Its laborers were inured to the hardest fare, 
 and' the rudest of homes. The invading Danes were not better in 
 their own homes than were the subdued Saxons of Northumbria in 
 6ieirs, and between them both, we may imagine that with the a:lternate 
 struggles of invasion on one side, and defense or submission on the 
 other, agriculture held but a meager opportunity for improvement. 
 
 Concurrent with their forays on Northumbria, the Danes extended 
 their raids southward, taking possession for a time of Holstein, Utrecht, 
 and the northerly portion of Holland. These countries they held, 
 as they did north-eastern England, for purposes of plunder, trade 
 and political advantage. As all these outlying provinces enjoyed a 
 milder climate and a more productive soil than their own, the sea 
 and land rovers profited largely in their conquests, and extended 
 their commerce, not only with the peoples whose homes they had 
 usurped, but with distant countries as well. Hence they waxed rich 
 and powerful, as riches and power were then considered. Among 
 the prominent articles of their traffic and interchange between Den- 
 mark and the provinces over which they held their fitful sway, was 
 that of domestic animals, and the chief of these were neat cattle. 
 
 In north-western Europe, and all along the coast through Sweden, 
 Denmark, and southwardly through the subjugated countries towards 
 Holland, the cattle were a large, raw-boned race, of which we now 
 know little beyond what the ancient chronicles say of them, apd as 
 they have been more lately known, only that they were useful beasts, 
 strong for labor, yielding largely of milk, coarse in flesh, peculiar in 
 color, and short in the horn. Such cattle, or those near akin to them, 
 exist in those countries now. It may well be supposed that the 
 continental cattle were frequently carried across the narrow sea sep- 
 airating England from the land of the Danes and their contiguous 
 southern neighbors, and that they became a permanent stock of the 
 country, as a cognate race existed in the Northumbrian counties, 
 when the first dawnings of agricultural advancement opened upon 
 the landholders and cultivators of that region some centuries after 
 the victorious Norman had firmly established himself on the English 
 throne, and driven the Danes from the possession of its soil. 
 
 For many years after their invasipn and conquest, the Normans 
 encountered much hostility before the stubborn Saxons and Danes 
 (the latter which had settled among them now become incorporated 
 with the others in a common nationality) peacefully submitted to the 
 rigorous yoke which, from the moment he had secured his footing on 
 English ground, the Conqueror had fastened on the necks of the 
 
l6 HISTORY^ OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 ravaged people. Plundered in their homes, despoiled of their lands 
 and chattels, subjected to ignominious servitude, and oftentimes 
 struggling for life itself, the Northumbrian serfs, even when peace- 
 fully submissive to the iron rule of their new masters, could make 
 but little progress in their rude agriculture, or rise to an improved 
 condition of life, labor, or production. 
 
 To this subjection of the people and their lands to their new law- 
 givers, followed in succession through a long course of years, the 
 foreign wars of the kings and rulers, heavy taxation, military con- 
 scriptions, the petty rivalries of the nobles among themselves, the 
 rebellion of the barons against the despotism of their monarchs, 
 civil wars, religious convulsions, and the almost numberless turmoils 
 incident to a proud, brave, enterprising, warlike, yet ignorant people 
 of divers races; such as England, by the intermarriages and social 
 amalgamation of the higher classes of the Saxon and Norman blood, 
 had now become. For several centuries the common people were 
 little more than barbarians, and their rulers no better than despots. 
 Agricultural progress either languished or barely held its own. The 
 clothing of the peasantry and laborers was partially of the skins of 
 sheep and goats, frequently undressed, or sometimes by a luxurious 
 indulgence, of the coarsest cloth. Their habitations were covered 
 with thatch, without chimneys, or floors, other than of earth or tile. 
 Their beds were of straw or grass; their food of the coarsest of 
 grains, and meat seldom. Their farm stock had little or no shelter 
 beyond what the woods and frequent glens afforded, and of course 
 were subjected to the inclement vicissitudes of the climate. Yet 
 the barons, having monopolized the land, lived in state, indulging in 
 sumptuous feasts and entertainments, although of necessity coarse in 
 their kind, while the clergy and monks, appropriating to themselves 
 the chief learning of the times, nestled in the choicest nooks of the 
 territory, levied their exactions upon the surrounding people, and 
 reared their vast Cathedrals, and spacious, comfortable Monasteries, 
 while consoling them with their religious services and ceremonies. 
 The royal courts, too, were more luxurious than either the barons or 
 clergy, and although great in administration and powerful in arms 
 were more or less degraded in life and morals. Yet among all these 
 adverse influences, great and bright men in court, and state, and 
 church, arose through the degradation and ignorance around them, and 
 gradually worked the people into better conditions of employment, 
 progress and civilization. 
 
FIRST PERIOD OF THEIR HISTORY. 17 
 
 The necessities of the great landholders began at last to lead their 
 attention to the improvement of their soils. The country had pro- 
 gressed rapidly in population. The now constitued people of Eng- 
 land, under a progressing nationality, had become a mass of breeding 
 humanity. Human life had long been cheap in the sacrifices which 
 had been made by the governing classes, as well among themselves 
 as their serfs, during the wars, both foreign and civil, and also in the 
 frequent executions at the hands of "justice," which then took place 
 for even paltry offenses committed against each other by the common 
 people. Yet the teeming workers at home filled these depleting 
 gaps more rapidly than they occurred, and far beyond, furnished new 
 mouths for consuming the products of the soil as well as hands to 
 aid in its development. Along these times an experimenter and 
 writer in agriculture occasionally turned up. " The Whole Art of 
 Husbandry" by Barnaby Googe, was published in the year 1558 ; 
 "Tusser's Five Hundred Points of Husbandry," in 1562; Sir Hugh 
 Piatt's '■'■ Jewell House of Art and Nature" in^594; Fitz-Herbert, 
 Harrison, and some others, about the same time wrote and published 
 limited works on husbandry. In addition to these more humble 
 authors, illustrious minds, like Bacon, Raleigh, and an occasional 
 compeer of noble birth or station enlightened the people with progres- 
 sive ideas on soils, their management, and articles of production. 
 
 The English world still moved. Yet in all their agricultural 
 advancement we hear nothing of improvement in neat cattle, until 
 near the beginning of the eighteenth century, or shortly previous to 
 the year 1720. It is true that great progress had been made in culti- 
 vating the soil ; wide stretches of the marshy coast along the shores 
 of Lincoln, Cambridge and other counties, had been dyked in and 
 reclaimed from the sea. Considerable progress in science, in the 
 arts, in trade, and various departments of industry had been devel- 
 oped, but with a strange indifference to the improvement of domestic 
 animals, with the single exception of the horse — as he was indispen- 
 sable in both war and luxury — little attention so far as public knowl- 
 edge was concerned, had been given to either cattle, sheep or swine, 
 except what was acquired in a few widely separated localities ; and 
 even those improvements, wherever they occurred, attracted little or 
 no attention from writers on husbandry, or its interests. Yet we must 
 suppose that intelligent and studious .minds had occasionally been 
 at work during the general progress in agricultural advancement, 
 and some attention paid to ameliorating the forms and condition of 
 neat cattle ; for it is impossible that the Short-horns, like the fabled 
 
l8 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Minerva, from the head of Jupiter, should have burst out in the full 
 proportions of shape, color and condition, at the time we first hear 
 of them- -about the year 1700 — from the coarse, unimproved herds 
 of previous centuries. 
 
 Second Period of the Short-horns. 
 
 In the preceding rambling, desultory, and (as some of our readers 
 may pronounce) irrelevant remarks, have been narrated the reasons 
 why, if any progress had been -made in the improvement of the 
 neat cattle of England through past centuries down to nearly the 
 year 1700, we have no certain evidences of the fact recorded until 
 a comparatively recent date. We think the causes enumerated have 
 been sufficient to explain. For the improvement which had taken 
 place, tradition (uncertain, to be sure, when unaccompanied with sus- 
 taining probabilities) has done something to inform us, and recorded 
 observation since, has done much more. A period of general quie- 
 tude in England, with only occasional interruptions, since the expul- 
 sion of the Stuarts from the throne, in the year 1688, had given an 
 unwonted impulse to the thrift and progress of every department of 
 her industry, advancing her to a high position among the leading 
 powers of Europe, both in commerce, manufactures, and the exten- 
 sion of her distant colonies. As a matter of necessity her agriculture 
 had been largely developed and improved, and with that improvement 
 no doubt much attention had been paid to the better quality and 
 value of her domestic animals. To the various breeds of cattle 
 which England possessed, down to about the period named, we shall 
 pay no attention other" than the Short-horns, the object of this trea- 
 tise, argument, history, or whatever it may be called, being solely 
 relating to theni, as they existed anterior to their appearance at that 
 time, and their condition through various stages of advancement to 
 the present day. 
 
 The work we have undertaken, down to the period of our own mem 
 ory and observation, must, of course, chiefly consist of a compilation 
 from the writings and records of others, and from these will be given 
 as faithful a transcript as possible, throwing out matter of doubtful 
 authority, and admitting all which has the semblance of fact and 
 probability. Exact facts, in all cases, cannot be ascertained ; but an 
 approximation to facts may be, and such we shall strive to give, with- 
 out alteration or color. Yet, to give the semblance of probability to 
 what may be said, the observant reader must at once admit, and 
 
SECOND PERIOD OF THE SHORT-HORNS. I9 
 
 yield to the theory that improvement from a defective organization 
 to almost perfection in the development of their qualities in nearly 
 all kinds of domestic animals, is measurably within the power of 
 an intelligent breeder, who, by a sort of intuition, or through a long 
 course of study and observation, is also a physiologist. Without 
 such admission — that is to say — the Capability of improvement by 
 careful breeding, food and treatment of an inferior creature through 
 a course of successive generations in its offspring into a superior one, 
 all discussion of the subject is worthless. 
 
 The reader will observe that our first field of observation, for a 
 time, will relate solely to the counties of England comprising the 
 ancient Northumbria, once ravaged and occupied by the Danes. 
 Let us start fair. We cannot, as we pass, well quote, in particular, 
 all the several authorities from which we draw our earlier Short-horn 
 history ; for many of them are so fragmentary in their accounts that 
 no continuous narrative in time or place can be made from either 
 one alone. The principal sources from which we date our several 
 items of history will be hereafter acknowledged. 
 
 A hundred and forty years ago, or about the year 1730, there was 
 a tradition floating among the Short-horn breeders living in the coun- 
 ties of York and Durham, near the river Tees, that a breed of cattle 
 had, many centuries back, existed within their borders — chiefly in 
 Holderness, a district of Yorkshire — much resembling in size, shape 
 and color, many of the cattle of Denmark, Holstein and north- 
 western Europe, at that day. At what particular time they were first 
 found in England, or who imported them, was unknown. They 
 were of extraordinary size; had coarse heads, 5vith short, stubbed 
 horns; heavy necks; high, coarse shoulders; flat sides, the chine 
 falling back of the shoulders ; the hips wide ; the rumps long ; the 
 thighs thick, and cloddy. •■ Yet with all these undesirable points 
 which rendered them large feeders, and late to mature, they took on 
 flesh rapidly, and fattened into heavy carcasses. Their flesh, how- 
 ever, was coarse-grained, dark- in color, and less savory to the taste 
 than that of smaller breeds. Their colors were light dun, or yellow 
 red, deep red, pure white, red and white in patches, roan mixed of 
 both red and white, and no uniformity in the laying on of either one 
 of those colors, or their admixtures, the colors prevailing, as acci- 
 dent might govern. ' The cows were large milkers, yielding quantities, 
 with generous feed, beyond any others yet known. There can be 
 little doubt that these animals were the direct descendants from the- 
 cattle brought over from Denmark previous to the conquest. Some 
 
20 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 of that race of cattle existed in Holderness within the memories of 
 men yet living, and we, ourself, nearly fifty years ago, saw several 
 animals of a direct importation into this country from that district 
 in Yorkshire, which were akin to the description above given. 
 
 But, to put at rest, so far as an illustration of art can do it, the 
 question of the early existence of tlie Short-horn race in England, 
 we extract a bit of history recorded in the eighth volume of our own 
 Short-horn Herd Book : 
 
 " It will be recollected that in Vol. 2, p. 55, in narrating the ancient 
 lineage of the Short-horns, a sculptured cow on the wall of one of 
 the towers of the great Cathedral in Durham, is mentioned. The 
 sculpture is that of a cow and two milkmaids, chiseled in light cream- 
 colored stone, of nearly life size, from living models, and set up in a 
 broad niche of one of the towers of the Cathedral. The sketch 
 from which the engraving is cut, was taken at our request by Mr. 
 John R. Page, of Sennett, Cayuga county, N. Y., when on a visit 
 there in September, 1867. As to the reason for a statue of the cow 
 and milkmaids occupying such a singular place, the following extract 
 from a letter to us from Mr. A. B. Allen, in August, 1867, will explain. 
 He was a few weeks in advance of Mr. Page in his visit, and was not 
 aware at the time that the latter had crossed the Atlantic : 
 
 " I arrived at Durham, last evening, and have spent the whole 
 forenoon of to-day, in and about the Cathedral. It is a magnificent 
 old stone pile, and including the Lady Chapel, extending from its 
 west end, is upwards of five hundred feet long and two hundred feet 
 broad. It stands on an open place of several acres, the leveled top 
 of a rocky hill, nearly encircled at its base by the' river Wear. The 
 building thus shows to great advantage ; and, from its elevated site, 
 you have extensive views on either side of the surrounding pictur- 
 esque country. The quaint old city lies chiefly in the valley, a few 
 only of its streets climbing up towards the Cathedral, and a large 
 ancient castle — now converted to a University — also crowning the 
 cliffs on the same plateau, several hundred feet north of it. 
 
 " The statue of the cow you desired me to inquire about when I 
 left New York, occupies a broad arched niche in the north-east tower 
 of the Cathedral, twenty feet or more above the level of the surround- 
 ing church-yard. The cow is an unmistakable Short-horn all over, 
 the legs excepted, which the learned librarian of the Cathedral, the 
 Rev. James Raine, informed me, were chiseled unnaturally coarse, by 
 fault alone of the sculptor; otherwise it is a tolerable representation 
 of a good animal. The two attendant milkmaids in the group are 
 
SECOND PERIOD OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 21 
 
 quite characteristic. The style of the cow is that of long-gone years, 
 when the Short-horns were less refined than now. She is represented 
 in moderate condition, with full udder and large milk veins, just as 
 one would appear when yielding a full flow of milk. The present 
 statue is comparatively modern, being a copy of the original, which 
 was taken down and too much broken to be replaced when the tower 
 was repaired, between the years 1790 and 1800, as near as I could 
 ascertain. The Cathedral was finished about the year 1300, when 
 the original design was probably sculptured and set. The figures, it 
 
 will be observed, are altogether disproportioned, the maids being too 
 high and the cow too low in stature. It will also be seen that parts 
 of the cow have been mutilated, a part of the tail and two of the 
 teats broken off. 
 
22 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 " In regard to the curious old monkish legend, of finding a peace- 
 ful rest here at last for the bones of St. Cuthbert, the patron Saint of 
 Durham Cathedral, it is of such length, and so variously told, that it 
 would exhaust your patience to follow it up in all its twistings and 
 turnings. I will therefore give you the substance of it, condensed 
 from what I am informed is the most reliable account : 
 
 " Know, then, that the mighty St. Cuthbert, famed for royal de- 
 scent, and many and great virtues, died so long ago as the 20th of 
 the calend of March, Anno Domini, 687, and was buried in Holy 
 Island., a meet place indeed for so worthy and sanctified a man. 
 Here his body rested in peace for the space of two Centuries, when 
 Bishop EardulphuS, and the Abbot Eadred, fearing that it would be 
 disturbed in the terrible devastations which the Danes and other 
 ruthless pagans began to commit in the neighborhood, exhumed the 
 remains, and carried them, for re-interment, to Cuneagestre sit- 
 uated a few miles from Dunholme, (now Durham,) where they 
 remained one hundred and thirteen years, till the dreadful pagan war 
 had nearly ended. Bishop Aldwinus then removed the holy body of 
 St. Cuthbert to Ripon, in Yorkshire, to lay it by the side of another 
 famous holy body, namely, that of St. Winfred, who was buried in 
 the renowned Cathedral of that place. But after four months from 
 this time, the Danish forays having entirely ceased, it was determined 
 to carry St. Cuthbert back to Cuneagestre, and re-inter him where he 
 had remained so peacefully before for upwards of a century. In 
 bearing him thither, all at once, at a place called Wardenlawe, Bishop 
 Aldwinus and his monks were stayed in their progress, and with all 
 their force could not remove the body any further, for it seemed fas- 
 tened to the ground. At this strange and unforeseen accident, they 
 were greatly astonished, and their hearts deeply exercised ; where- 
 upon they fasted and prayed three whole days with great devotion, 
 to know by revelation from God, what to do with the holy body. At 
 the end of this time it was revealed to Eadmer, one of the most 
 virtuous of the monkish brotherhood, that St. Cuthbert should be 
 carried to Dunholme, where he was to be received as his final resting 
 place. But now came the great difficulty, for not one of the monks 
 knew where Dunholme lay. Yet trusting to Providence to indicate 
 it to them in some way, they took up the body again, and with con- 
 fiding hearts proceeded on their journey. Presently they overheard 
 a woman calling to another whom she met, that her cow had strayed 
 away and was lost, and asked if she had seen her. ' Yes,' was the 
 reply, 'just beyond, in Dunholme.' This was a happy and heavenly 
 
WHEN THE IMPROVEMENT BEGAN. 23 
 
 sound to the distressed Bishop Aldwinus and his brethren, who 
 thereby had intelligence that their journey's end was at hand. 
 Being guided thither by these women, they at once constructed a 
 little church of wands and branches, wherein to lay their Saint till a 
 larger and more solid building could be raised to enshrine him. This 
 was soon done by the erection of a Cathedral of moderate size, which 
 in the year 1093 was taken down, and the corner-stone of the present 
 magnificent Durham Cathedral was then laid. After being finished, 
 in gratitude to the milkmaids and cow, by whose means the final rest- 
 ing place for the holy body of St. Cuthbert had been found, their 
 statues were placed in a conspicuous niche of the north-east tower, 
 where it is to be hoped they will be allowed to remain as long as this 
 mighty fane shall stand, whose foundations, in accordance with the 
 instructions to us of scripture, have been laid upon a rock. " 
 
 It is unnecessary to say more of the early establishment of the 
 ancestors of the present Short-horn race in the north-eastern counties 
 (Northumbria) of England, for some centuries occupied by the Danes 
 before the conquest. 
 
 When Began the Improvement in Short-horns. 
 
 It has been asserted by some English cattle writers that it was 
 early after the year 1700 that the improvement of their cattle was 
 begun by the breeders, and that such improvement was aided by the 
 importation of a bull or bulls from Holland. This assertion, how- 
 ever, is merely a conjecture. No official record of the introduction 
 of any such bull or bulls has been found ; and as no evidence of 
 any such occurrence being even probable has been authentically 
 recorded by revenue officials along the eastern coast of England in 
 the counties where such importation would have been made, if at all, 
 in a search extending near a century back of 1750, the conjecture or 
 supposition of the introduction of the Dutch bulls may be not only 
 doubted, but denied.* Indeed, na positive instance of any such im- 
 portation is asserted by the cattle historians of that day, and the 
 evidence of such being the fact was only hearsay. Aside from this 
 negative testimony to the contrary, a statute of Parliament enacted 
 in the eighteenth year of Charles II. {1666), positively forbade the 
 importation of cattle from abroad into England, and that statute was 
 strictly enforced until the year 1801, a time fifty years or more sub- 
 sequent to the pretended importation of any bulls or cows from 
 Holland. We might, from documents now before us, go into a 
 
 ♦ " Youatt's Cattle" — American Edition — Article Short-boms. 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS.* 
 
 labored statement of the fro and con assertions relating to such im- 
 portations; but as nothing positive, beyond tradition, conjecture, 
 hearsay, or supposition has been advanced to establish the fact of 
 such importation, and the act of Parliament and the Custom records 
 positively deny it, further remark is unnecessary. 
 
 To account for so many Short-horns being white in color, some of 
 the cattle writers have asserted that this feature came from the wild 
 white cattle in the parks of Chillingham in Northumberland, and 
 Craven in Yorkshire, which had, almost from time immemorial, run: 
 in enclosures there, wild and untamable, as buffaloes. Aside from 
 a likeness in color, these wild cattle had hardly a feature in common 
 with the Short-horns. They were high-horned, black-nosed, light of 
 body, long of limb, altogether opposite to the others. The supposi- 
 tion that the white color in the Short-horns was derived from the 
 wild race is but pretension. On the contrary, there were, and still 
 are. white cattle in Denmark. It is, and has ever been, a legitimate 
 color in the Short-horn race. 
 
 Another fact may be asserted, even admitting that either the Dutch 
 or the wild blood had been crossed into the original Danish blood, 
 the period at which it took place was so long anterior to the time of 
 the writers who claimed it, that even then scarcely a hundredth part 
 of those bloods could be traced into the good Short-horn cattle of 
 their day, and so infinitesimally small could it be now, that fractions 
 can hardly compute it. 
 
 Thus, the claim of the Dutch blood, and the origin of the white 
 color of the wild cattle in the Short-horns, by these writers, may 
 be dismissed as apocryphal. So late as the year 1780, more 
 than ninety years ago, as related on good authority, a tradition 
 was then current among the cattle breeders of Durham and York- 
 shire, that for two hundred years previous, running back to 1580, 
 there had existed a race of superior Short-horns on the Yorkshire 
 estates of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland,* one of the 
 most ancient families among the nobles of England. Their family 
 name was Percy, and the Barony of Percy was founded in the year 
 1299. The family, through its successive Barons, Earls and Dukes, 
 was rich, powerful and influential. Located near the Scottish bor- 
 der, and subjected to the wild raids of the northern clansmen, they 
 
 *Mr. A. B. Allen, in the year 1841, soon after his return from England, where he had spent 
 some weeks in the Short-horn districts, informed us that in Durham an ancient record remains, 
 showing that these cattle, in great excellence, existed four hundred years ago, say in 1440 ; but 
 what the standard of excellence in that remote day was, is now difficult to know. 
 
WHEN THE IMPROVEMENT BEGAN. 2$ 
 
 were brave by instinct, warlike by necessity, enterprising by educa- 
 tion, rich by inheritance. Their estates were vast, and to their ear- 
 lier grants from the Crown, they added largely both by purchase and 
 marriage. They had the means to apply the agricultural improvements 
 of the generations through which they had passed, and no doubt 
 many of the heads of the family had the sagacity to adopt them. 
 Among those improvements none were more probable, as theirs was 
 eminently a grazing country, than that their attention had been turned 
 to their neat cattle. In the earlier part of the eighteenth century the 
 title of Earl of Northumberland became extinct by the death of the 
 last male heir of the Percy family. The "proud Duke of Somerset," 
 as history records him, had married the daughter then representing 
 the Northumberland title and estates.* The issue of the marriage 
 was only a daughter, and she a Percy on the side of her mother. 
 This daughter married Sir Hugh Smithson, and having children, 
 Sir Hugh, in the year 1766, was raised to the peerage, with the title 
 of Duke of Northumberland. " So fond was he of his Short-horns 
 that his peers quizzingly dubbed him 'the Yorkshire grazier.' He 
 was in the habit of weighing his cattle, and the food they ate, so as 
 to ascertain the improvement they made for the food consumed." 
 Sir Hugh's active life was about midway and later in the years of 
 the eighteenth century, marrying in 1740, and dying in 1786. 
 
 A hundred years earlier than the time of Sir Hugh, there existed ' 
 fine stocks of Short-horn cattle in Durham and Yorkshire. " The 
 Aislabies, residents of Studley Park, had very fine cattle in the seven- 
 teenth century.f The Blacketts, of Newby Hall, in Northumberland, 
 
 * An anecdote is thus related of the "proud Duke'': His Percy wife dying early, he was 
 again married to a lady of less rank in the peerage. The Duke being one day closely engaged in 
 his room, looking over some important papers, his wife stepped softly up behind and tapped him 
 familiarly on the shoulder. He suddenly turned around and with a severe expression exclaimed, 
 *' Madam, your familiarity is altogether inopportune. Recollect that rayjirst wife was a Percy !" 
 
 + In a letter to us from our brother, the late Richard L, Allen, of New York, (a warm admirer 
 of Short-horn cattle,) when in Yorkshire, Eng., August, 1869, he writes of a visit to Studley : 
 
 '* I spent a few hours at Studley Park, attracted thither by the ruins of Fountain's Abbey. Its 
 graceful, undulating and massive old trees ; one section of long, natural and now decaying oaks, 
 of great circumference, and low but wide-spreading tops ; another of immense beeches, which 
 are of a different species from ours, tall and very wide-spread, and with drooping branches, which 
 sometimes He on the ground, fifty feet distant from the trunk; and then a stately chestnut in full 
 bloom ; double rows of the lime and elm, almost as fine as the beeches, and many firs of stalwart 
 size, give to the park A great attraction, ****♦## 
 
 *' I asked the guide U there was any herdsmen who could tell me about the cattle, and he said 
 there was none. I presume the interest in the Short-horns on the estate died with Mr. Aislabie, 
 His father was originally a private country gentleman, who became Lord Chancellor, and inher- 
 ited the estate from the Mallorys, who owned it through several generations, his mother being 
 the last heir. His son, William, who was in Parliament sixty years, was the great .improver of 
 
26 HISTORYOFTHE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 paid great attention to Short-horn cattle at the same time with the 
 Aislabies. Portraits of these animals were occasionally taken and 
 hung up to adorn the entrance of the hall ; but when the noble resi- 
 dence passed out of their hands those pictures were sold. We should 
 hope that they yet exist in some old curiosity shop, and if so, and 
 can be found, we shall then have a definite idea of what one family 
 of ancient Short-horns were."* 
 
 There can be no question, as our following narrative will show, 
 that many valuable Short-horns descended from and largely im- 
 proved in appearance and quality over the ancient race, then existed 
 in those counties, and were distributed in the hands of many differ- 
 ent breeders. To what degrees bf excellence they had then attained 
 we do not know, nor do we know but a portion of the names of those 
 several breeders ; but at a later day, when their cattle had assumed 
 a consequence and celebrity sufficient to attract the attention of 
 agricultural writers a hundred years ago, they were chronicled in 
 the books and agricultural surveys of their neighborhoods as of 
 extraordinary value, and remarkable specimens of their race. The 
 cows were described as large milkers, and the bullocks as attaining 
 a great weight of carcass, and extraordinary productions of tallow. 
 
 Aside from the herds on the Yorkshire, Durham and Northumber- 
 land estates, we have a few names, of the then conspicuous Short-horn 
 breeders in the earlier part, or before the middle of the eighteenth 
 century, (1750.) Among them are Mr. Milbank, of Barningham, Sir 
 William St. Qu'intin, of Scampston, Sir James Pennyman, of York- 
 shire, and others of less noble rank, showing that the attention of 
 some of the most respectable landholders was alive to the improve- 
 ment of their cattle. It is recorded that Mr. Milbank bred and fed 
 a five year old ox which, when sla ^ghtered, the four quarters weighed 
 2104 pounds, the tallow 224 pounds, and the hide 151 pounds. Also, 
 
 the grounds and estate, and I presume was the one who did so much for the Short-horns. On 
 his death the property went to his co-heir and relative, Mrs. Allanson, and on her death, in 1803, 
 to her niece, Mrs. Lawrence, and on her death, in 1854, to the present Earl De Grey, now a mem- 
 ber of Gladstone's Cabinet, who, although a man of mark in his way, I suspect cares very little 
 for country life or the improvement of his estate, as he resides on it but seldom, and his neighbors 
 have little to say of him in this respect, as they had of the Aislabies and their lady successors." 
 
 The above mentioned Earl De Grey was one of the late " Joint High Commission," who nego- 
 tiated the treaty between the United States and England at Washington, in the year 1871. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the descendants of the once noble Short-horns which ranged over that 
 lordly domain, should not still occupy the ground of their progenitors, which they long ago graced 
 in their picturesque colors and comely proportions. A poetic charm srill hangs about the atmos- 
 phere of Studley, coupled with the once aristocratic presence of its Sha t-hornf. — L. F. A, 
 
 • A. B. Allen, in American Agriculturist A. D. 1841. 
 
PROGRESS OF IMPROVEMENT. 2y 
 
 a cow from Mr. Milbank's stock, afterwards belonging to Mr. Sharter, 
 of Chilton, which, when slaughtered, at twelve years old, having pro- 
 duced several calves, her quarters weighed 1540 pounds. She was 
 daughter to the celebrated "Studley bull" (626), he being calved in 
 the year 1737. 
 
 This brings us forward to a period at which some intelligent ink- 
 ling is had of the existence of Short-horn cattle in the hands of 
 known breeders, and of an excellence in style, weight and quality 
 commanding the attention of agricultural historians, and at about 
 what date the known ancestors of our later Sffort-horn tribes, or fam- 
 ilies can, with a considerable degree of certainty, trace their lineage. 
 It is possible that some errors, both of fact and inference, may have 
 crept into the various accounts in those early days of Short-horn 
 breeding; but we have sufficient evidence of the antiquity of the 
 race, and the lines in which they had descended, down to the year 
 1750. Soon after that time records began to be kept of their lineage, 
 as purity of blood was considered of vital consequence. 
 
 The colors of the cattle in those days were red, of different shades, 
 red and white, pure white, frequently white on the body with roan 
 necks and heads, and roan of red and white intermixed over the 
 body, or in patches, with either more of the white or of the red pre- 
 vailing, as now. What was their exact quality, style or symmetry, as 
 compared with the choice Short-horns of the present time, it is diffi- 
 cult to say, as we have no accurate portraits of them ; but that they 
 combined the main points of excellence belonging to the race as now 
 recognized, and in which still higher improvements over them have 
 been made in the cattle of later years, we can have little doubt. 
 
 Thus, we have seen the Short-horns from the ancient race existing 
 in Northumbria anterior to its conquest by William of Normandy — 
 otherwise the Conqueror — within a few years after his landing at 
 Hastings in the year 1066, brought down through a series of seven 
 hundred years, steadily improving, with the progress of the English 
 people in their agricultural advancement into a condition of excel- 
 lence then unequaled, probably, by any contemporary race of cattle 
 in the British islands or the neighboring continent, and that excellence 
 attained through their own 'blood alone, uncontaminated by any 
 foreign element, or if occasionally so, to such small degree as to be 
 unrecognized in the predominating merits of the original race. 
 
28 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Early Breeders — Dates and Names of Noted 
 Animals. 
 
 Arriving at a point of time about the year 1750, or a little later, 
 we find the Short-horns a recognized breed, and that great pains had 
 been taken with their cultivation by intelligent landholders, as well 
 as a dissemination of their blood into the hands of enterprising tenant 
 farmers. Such we learn from the records of agricultural writers 
 through the latter years of the last century, and the earlier ones of 
 the present. We now proceed to a broader field of operation, and a 
 more intimate discussion of their merits in the possession of breed- 
 ers, by name, as well as of noted animals, then individually known 
 and recorded. 
 
 The field of operation is still the ancient Northumbria, the most 
 active movements are within the counties of York and Durham, in 
 and about the valley of the Tees. From the years 1730 to 1780, 
 many eminent breeders are named, and among them, besides those 
 already mentioned, are Sharter, Pickering, Stephenson, Wetherell, 
 Maynard, Dobison, Charge, Wright, Hutchinson, Robson, Snowdon, 
 Waistell, Richard and William Barker, Brown, Hall, Hill, Best, Wat- 
 son, Baker, Thompson, Jackson, Smith, Jolly, Masterman, Wallace, 
 Robertson, and some others. These names we find as breeders of 
 the earliest cattle whose names and pedigrees are recorded in the 
 first volume of the English Herd Book. It may be well to know 
 that as this Herd Book was not published until the year 1822, (some 
 thirty to forty years after many of the names we have mentioned had 
 left the stage of active life,) tradition, and the memory of men then 
 living, as well as written records of their predecessors, were the 
 authorities on which the lineage of the earlier animals were admitted 
 to its pages. 
 
 Confining the present relation to a period anterior to the year 1780, 
 the earliest named animal on record is "Studley bull" (626), "red 
 and white, bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton." This is all the Herd 
 Book says of him. He was calved in 1737, and of the Barninghiyti 
 
STUDLEY BULL. 29 
 
 (Milbank) stock, which came from Studley, in Yorkshire, where they 
 had existed for many years. He is described, by one who often saw 
 him, as having possessed wonderful girth, and depth of fore quarters, 
 very short legs, a neat frame, and light offal. He was the grandsire of 
 Dalton Duke (188). This latter bull was bred by Mr. Charge, and 
 sold by him at the then high price of fifty guineas, to Messrs. May- 
 nard and Wetherell, in whose possession he served cows at half a 
 guinea each. From Studley bull came "Lakeland's buU," which was 
 the sire of William Barker's bull (51), which was the sire of Richard 
 Barker's bull (52), both noted as the sires of many of the best early 
 Short-horns of their day. Studley bull was also sire of the cow 
 Tripes, bred by Mr. Pickering. The dam of Tripes was bred by 
 Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in the year 1739. From her originated 
 Mr. S.'s Princess tribe. 
 
 It may be noted here that in the earlier recorded pedigrees — notes 
 or memoranda, rather — only one or two crosses are given, with the 
 name of the sire only, and but rarely the name of a dam given at all. 
 In many other instances the name only of the recorded bull is given, 
 without any allusion to breeder, owner, sire or dam ; simply recog- 
 nizing him as a Short-horn, from which other recorded animals are 
 descended. 
 
 To "Studley bull" can be traced a larger number of the early 
 recorded Short-horns than to any other one of which we have a par- 
 ticular knowledge. His blood was well known, and popular, and 
 being of the Milbank stock, was probably as pure in descent as any 
 then in existence. He may be termed one of the principal progen- 
 itors of the Short-horn race, as they stand recorded in the Herd 
 Book from its first volume down to the present, although n9t the only 
 one, as numerous others, no doubt, existed contemporary with him, 
 sires to many noted tribes of a later day. We speak of him only as 
 more is known of him than of them, he having a Herd Book record, 
 and they not. 
 
 Another noted bull may be named into whose blood probably more 
 of the latter pedigrees can be traced as a prominent sire, than to any 
 other, viz.: James Brown's red bull (97). The date of his birth is 
 not recorded, but it was probably between 1765 and 1770. He was 
 bred by John Thompson, of Girlington Hall, and got by William 
 Barker's bull (51), which is all the Herd Book says of him. On the 
 side of his sire, he was a great grandson of Studley bull. His dam 
 is not named, and we have no record of his blood on her side. 
 Indeed, there seems to have been but little care taken in those days 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 to give the names of dams if they had names at all. We are to pre- 
 sume, however, that they were pure Short-horns, as there is no prob- 
 ability of bulls being recorded by the discriminating breeders of the 
 . time unless their lineage, as well as forms, was of the best standard ; 
 therefore the purity of their blood may remain unquestioned. 
 
 Prom all the accounts we have been able to gather, the cows of 
 that day were good milkers, and capable, when retired from breeding, 
 arid the dairy, of yielding heavy carcasses of beef. These qualities 
 were, of course, imparted to their descendants, and perpetuated as 
 we find many of them at the present day. 
 
 We note many bulls in the first volume of the English fierd Book 
 that lived anterior to the year 1780, but aside from their names and 
 that of a sire, and sometimes a grandsire, little or nothing seems 
 to have been recorded of their ancestry, and nothing beyond can 
 now be known of them. Among these, in addition to those already 
 named, are Alcock's (Ralph) bull (19), Allison's gray bull (26), Bartle 
 (63), J. Brown's white bull (98), Dalton Duke (188), Danby (190), 
 Davison's bull (192), Dobson's bull (218), Harrison's bull (292) [his 
 record only says, "bred by Mr. Waistell ;" the late Mr. Thomas 
 Bates, in a private note to the record of Harrison's bull, states that 
 he was got by Studley bull (626), dam Mr. Waistell's cow Barforth], 
 Hill's red bull (310), Hollon's bull (313), Hubback (319) [of which 
 more hereafter]. Jolly's bull (337) [nothing but his name is recorded], 
 Kitt (357) [nothing but his name is recorded], Ladykirk (355), 
 Manfield (404), Masterman's bull (422) [got by Studley bull], Pad- 
 dock's bull (477), Robson's (William) bull (558), Signior (588), Sir 
 James Pennyman's bull (601), Smith's (Jacob) bull (608), Smith's (T.) 
 bull (609), Snowdon's bull (612) [sire of Hubback (319)], Studley 
 White bull (627) [got by Studley bull (626)], Waistell's bull (669) 
 [the same as Robson's bull (558)], Walker's bull (670) [the same as 
 Masterman's bull (422)]. 
 
 The above named, of the 710 recorded bulls in Vol. i, E. H. B., 
 are all, probably, as near as can be ascertained (of record), that 
 lived previous to, or about the year 1780, and a few years afterwards, 
 and probably a great majority of the pedigrees of the present time, 
 if their lineage could be traced, might run back into the blood of 
 one or the other, or several of them. 
 
 Of the cows, contemporary with the bulls we have named, few, if 
 any, are recorded in either the first, or subsequent volumes. We 
 can, therefore, only infer that the cows were equally as well and 
 carefully bred as the bulls. Cattle fairs, (not shows, as our modern 
 
THE COLLING BROTHERS. 31 
 
 exhibitions are improperly called /atrs,) where beasts were taken 
 to market for sale, were then common in England, as now, and prob- 
 ably many well-bred cows and heifers were brought there by their 
 "breeders, and owners, and the breeders of choice cattle bought 
 them, when their blood and quality were considered woithy of such 
 use, and bred to their choice bulls. From such market cows descended 
 the more immediate ancestors of many celebrated Short-horns since 
 It is no disparagement to those nameless cows that such is the fact, 
 as very few pedigrees can now be traced by name, on the female side, 
 beyond the year 1780, and but comparatively few, among a great 
 majority of them, beyond the year 1800. 
 
 To show what was the general character of the Short-horns of the 
 time above written, we quote Bailey, who made an agricultural sur- 
 vey of Durham, and wrote in the year 18 10: "The cattle on both 
 sides of the Tees have been known by the appellation of the Tees- 
 water breed. About 1740, their color was red and white, and white, 
 with a little red about the neck, or roan." In "Thornton's Circular," 
 of January, 1869, published in London, in an account of "Ancient 
 Short-horns," the writer remarks : " Mr. John Wright, born at Low- 
 fields, near Catterick, in 1784, a well-known judge, and who was 
 originally proposed as the author of the Herd Book, says, that his 
 earliest recollections of the Short-horns were large, massive, expan- 
 sive cows, with great width and substance, hardy constitutions, mostly 
 red and white spotted, white bodies, necks spotted with red or roan, 
 ears red and head white, frequently black noses, and rather long, 
 waxy horns." Although these recollections may run down near or 
 quite to the year 1800, it is probable that they give the features 
 generally prevailing among the Short-horns of the time. 
 
 Although we might give further accounts from different sources — 
 meager, however, at the best— of the Short-horns as they existed 
 anterior to, or about the period of 1780, it is hardly worth while to 
 cumber our pages with simply collateral testimony, (for that is all 
 there would be of it,) and we proceed to a new era in their history^ 
 from which we are able to gather decided particulars of fact, irre- 
 spective of tradition, or common rumor. 
 
 The Short-horns at and after the year 1780 — Robert 
 AND Charles Colling. 
 
 The reason why, in our previous remarks, we have made, and now 
 again make, a point of the year 1780, or thereabouts, is, that near 
 that period an era commenced by the action of a new class of men, 
 
32 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 or rather by a more intelligent appreciation of the value of Short- 
 horns by those interested in their propagation. 
 
 This change of sentiment and action was partially introduced by 
 two young men, brothers, just beginning active business life on their 
 own account, Robert and Charles Colling. They were sons of a 
 substantial farmer living in the valley of the Tees, who had many 
 years been a Short-horn cattle breeder. He brought up his sons in 
 his own pursuit, and no doubt aided them with an outfit, for it 
 appears that they were each enabled to occupy a good farm in the 
 year 1783, not a far distance apart, stock it with the necessary appli- 
 ances, and commence in a spirited way the breeding of Short-horns. 
 That they were intelligent, sagacious, enterprising, there can be little 
 doubt, as their subsequent career was altogether successful. 
 
 In writing what follows, and saying much of the operations of the 
 Colling brothers, it is not that we feel any partiality for them over 
 other breeders of their time, but because more historical matter has 
 been given relating to them and their proceedings than of other 
 breeders contemporary with them, and further, that their course of 
 breeding has been more freely commented upon during and since 
 the time they were on the stage of action. It has been asserted that 
 they were the chief and real improvers of the Short-horn race, and to 
 them has been ascribed the great merit and glory of raising them 
 from an obscure breed in a narrow locality, into the peerless excel- 
 lence and popularity they have since enjoyed wherever they have 
 obtained a foothold, and proved successful . in their breeding. We 
 say such has been asserted — sometimes by those who know nothing 
 about it, other than by information through partial publications of 
 incidents in the Collings' career, and sometimes by others who had a. 
 particular partiality for them through the stock descended from their 
 herds ; and the assertion has been as strongly denied by others. 
 This question of their improvement of the Short-horns will be dis- 
 cussed hereafter. 
 
 We propose to state all the facts which have come within our 
 knowledge relating to the Collings in their course of cattle breeding) 
 and the results which have followed it. From such facts the reader 
 may draw his own conclusions of their correctness, or otherwise. 
 The results determined by the extended practice in breeding by the 
 Collings have been too long discussed, both in England and the 
 United States, by those who have considered themselves masters in 
 the studies of natural history and physiology, to set up our own judg- 
 ment in decision, either one way or the other. We have opinions, 
 
, THE COLLING BROTHERS. 33 
 
 however, and may give them at a proper time as different subjects of 
 discussion may arise, but knowing that opposite opinions may be as 
 honestly held, and as freely discussed as our own, we do not choose 
 to bias the judgment of others, or rule their conclusions. We aim to 
 write history, and nothing else, in what relates to Short-horn progress 
 and improvement. 
 
 Robert Colling, the elder brother, settled on a farm at Barmpton, 
 and Charles, the younger, on another farm at Ketton, which latter 
 one had been for many previous years occupied by their father, within 
 a short distance of the Tees, and but a short way apart from each 
 other, in the neighborhood of Darlington. Practical farming among 
 the higher classes of nobility had become respectable. His Majesty, 
 the third George, the first of the Guelph dynasty born in England, 
 had become much interested in the cultivation of his royal acres at 
 Windsor. He was a stock breeder too, as well as a farmer. Although 
 intractable and pertinacious, as were his Guelph progenitors, in affairs 
 of state, he was a sober prince, fond of country life, and a lover of 
 fine farm stock. Placable in domestic life, with his cousin-German 
 Queen, quite as domestic as himself, and their large family of chil- 
 dren, he spent much of his time at the palace of Windsor, supervising 
 and directing his farm. In his various attentions to stock breeding 
 His Majesty had made the acquaintance of the celebrated Robert 
 Bakewell, astock raiser and farmer in Leicestershire, who had acquired 
 a wide reputation in breeding up the " Long-horned" cattle of his 
 district into an excellence of quality hitherto unknown. Bakewell 
 had also given a new variety of long-wooled sheep to the kingdom, 
 by a careful course of breeding from the rather scraggy-bodied, long- 
 wools then prevalent in his vicinity. To such excellence and popu- 
 larity had he raised these sheep that they afterwards assumed the 
 several names of New Leicester, Dishley, (the name of his farm,) 
 and Bakewell, as those who purchased from him and bred them chose 
 to call the improved variety. 
 
 Bakewell was bom in the year 1726, and died in 1795. He had 
 pursued his vocation as a breeder long and successfully, became 
 wealthy, was a man of large hospitality — for a farmer of those days — 
 received many visits from noblemen of rank, who sought his advice 
 in improving their farm stock, and among others George the Third 
 had made him visits on the same errand, consulting him freely, and 
 buying of his stock. Bakewell's system of breeding was his own, 
 widely different from the usual practice of the English stock breeders 
 of his day, and with him entirely original, as then considered. He 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 was a good animal physiologist. He cut up and dissected various 
 carcass2s of his sheep and cattle, exainined their flesh, bones and 
 si lews, put them in pickle^ and afterwards hung them up in his lab- 
 oratory for further observation. He was a profound master ot his 
 business, and perhaps the originator of a new system of breeding by 
 which, in his own hands, his success was triumphantly acknowledged 
 over any other stock breeder of his time. It is probable that to his 
 efforts and example England at this day owes her unrivaled breed of 
 long-wooled sheep. His selection of the breed of cattle on which to 
 exercise his skill was not so happy. Although of an ancient race, 
 they were not generally popular with the farmers in and beyond the 
 counties immediately surrounding Leicestershire ; yet he raised them 
 to a capacity for acquiring fiesh never before equaled. Although 
 now existing, and of excellent quality in limited herds — perhaps 
 quite equal to those which Bakewell improved — the Long-horns have 
 not attained wide popularity as a race. 
 
 Bakewell also bred the common cart or dray horse of England 
 into enormous size and symmetry, which they hold to the present 
 time ; and all by one persistent course of breeding, good food, and 
 watchful care. His system with all these animals was, first to select, 
 wherever he could find them, and of the best blood, those as near a 
 proper form for the purposes he needed as was possible, and then by 
 breeding them to their own family blood alone, only going out of it 
 for other selections when he could find a better, which was seldom, 
 until he brought them to the points of excellence in form and quality 
 that he wanted. This was "in-and-in breeding;" and although not 
 concurred in by the common sentiment of humanity, so far as its own 
 race is concerned, Bakewell and others who ha,ve since followed his 
 example most closely, have decided, indeed proved, that under prefer 
 selections of the animals so paired together, the practice has resulted 
 in the highest success. Such was Bakewell's practice. He may be 
 said to have introduced the modern system of improved stock breed- 
 ing — ^whatever may have been known to the ancients, and since lost — 
 and as such improver, his name will go down to posterity with grati- 
 tude and honor. 
 
 The young Collings were sagacious men, Charles the more active 
 and enterprising, although Robert was equally sound in judgment as 
 a breeder ; and they were admirably fitted to work in unison so far 
 as their views in breeding were concerned. Forecasting, as well as 
 thoughtful in laying their plans for future action, they had heard of 
 Bakewell and his improvements — for he had been at work thirty 
 
THE COLLING BROTHERS. 35 
 
 years before the Collings began — his fame was abroad through the 
 chief stock-breeding counties of England, and had long before 
 reached the precincts of the Tees. At the outset of the brothers' 
 career in breeding, they paid Bakewell repeated visits, closely exam- 
 ined his stock, saw the improvements he had made in them over 
 the faulty originals from which he had reared them, and took many 
 shrewd lessons in his manner of proceeding. They bought improved 
 sheep of him, divided them with each other, and followed his prac- 
 tice in breeding them. The system adopted by Bakewell the Collings 
 determined to pursue with their Short-horns, which they had now 
 selected for their own breeding. 
 
 About the year 1780 — ^perhaps a year or two earlier, or later, for 
 we have not the exact date of their beginning — the Collings became 
 stock breeders before settling at Barmpton and Ketton. "The best 
 specimens of Short-horns of that time, generally, were wide-backed, 
 well-framed cows, deep in their fore quarters, soft and mellow in 
 their hair and 'handling,' and possessing, with average milking qual- 
 ities, a remarkable disposition to fatten. Their horns were rather 
 longer than those of their descendants of the present day, and widen- 
 ing upwards. Th.ejaults were those of an undue prominence of the 
 hip and shoulder joints, a want of length in the hind quarters, of 
 width in the floor of the chest, of fullness generally before and behind 
 the shoulders, as well as upon the shoulder itself. They had a 
 somewhat disproportionate abdomen [large bellies], too long in the 
 legs, and a want of substance, indicative of delicacy in the hide. 
 They failed also in the essential requisite of taking on their flesh 
 evenly and firmly over the whole frame, which frequently gave them 
 an unlevel appearance. There was, moreover, a general want of 
 compactness in their conformation."* Of such material, mainly — 
 although some of the Tees breeders had cattle with more of the 
 good qualities, and less faulty than others — the Collings found the 
 Teeswater, or Short-horn cattle, when they began their course as 
 breeders. It is evident that the animals needed improvement, and 
 that of a radical kind. 
 
 We have already recited the weights of some of the cattle anterior 
 to the Collings. From them we know that they could be fed to an 
 extraordinary weight, whatever the precise quality of their flesh 
 might prove, or the amount of offal they threw off. CuUey, after 
 many years earlier Short-horn experience and observation, writing 
 
 • Mr. Carr, of Stackhouse, in his history of the Booth Short-horns, 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 in the year 1803, says : " The great obstacle to improvement was 
 that no bull should be used to the same stock more than three years ; 
 if kept longer the breed would be to near akin, and produce tender, 
 diminutive stock, liable to disorders." Bake well, however, had upset 
 all this nonsense by persistently breeding in-and-in his own cattle and 
 sheep through all possible degrees of consanguinity, and the CoUings 
 adopting his theory at the outset, determined to put Bakewell's course 
 into practice. 
 
 Here, then, were the two young breeders — Robert about the age 
 of thirty, living a bachelor, and Charles a year or two younger, and 
 married — settled in their vocation in the very home of the Short- 
 horns, surrounded by a wide neighborhood of veteran breeders, life- 
 long engaged in the business, in which their capital, pride and ambition 
 were all enlisted. From the herds of those breeders the Collings 
 could select at pleasure, without a heavy drainage on their purses, for 
 prices in fine cattle had not yet taken z. fancy altitude in that locality. 
 The depression of agricultural values then caused by the late French 
 and American wars had reduced them to their minimum. A pleas- 
 ant time the young men must have had in ranging over the country, 
 examining the herds and selecting their stock, with ample means in 
 their pockets to command the best of them, and embark in a business 
 so full of interest, expectation and profit. Educated to the pursuit 
 by a shrewd, managing father, though possessing the same notions in 
 breeding as. were held by his neighbors, the sons had the sagacity 
 to believe that improvement was within their reach, and their visits 
 to Bakewell had confirmed it. What were the earliest purchases 
 they made, who from, or the names of the cattle, history has given 
 no record. 
 
 Robert and Charles were at first in partnership, but separated when 
 going to their separate farms at Barmpton and Ketton, which took 
 place some time about the year 1783. Still, they bred more or less in 
 conjunction, frequently using the same bulls, alternating as they either 
 chose, or agreed, but each having his own cows, and they drawn 
 from the different herds around them. 
 
 HUBBACK. 
 
 Having early begun their course of breeding by obtaining several 
 good cows, we now introduce another distinguished animal into the 
 Colling herds, whose blood, coursing through the descendants of 
 those cows and others in their hands, constituted an era in the Short- 
 horn breeding of that day. This was no less than the famous bull 
 
H U B B A C K. 37 
 
 HuBBACK, in the hands of Mr. Waistell, of Ah-hill, and Robert Col- 
 ling, about whose history there has been more controversy, guess- 
 work, inference, and error, probably, than in that of any early 
 Short-horn bull whatever ; and for a part of this error the world is 
 indebted to the Rev. Henry Berry, who wrote the brief Short-horn 
 history in Youatt's "British Cattle," in the year 1834, and, as we 
 think, from interested motives of his own, being a Short-horn breeder 
 himself, and having an object in prejudicing the public against the 
 purity of Hubback's blood. Of Mr. Berry and his history, more will 
 be said hereafter. 
 
 We have investigated the subject of Hubback exhaustively, looked 
 through all the authorities and controversies relating to him, which it 
 would be tiresome and unprofitable to repeat at length, besides lead- 
 ing the reader into a labyrinth of statements and counter-statements 
 out of which he might not arrive, after all, at a very accurate con- 
 clusion.* His pedigree in Vol. i, E. H. B., is here given : 
 
 "(319.) Hubback. — Yellow red and white, calved in 1777, bred 
 by Mr. John Hunter of Hurworth, got by Snowdon's bull (612), dam 
 from the stock of Sir James Pennyman, and these from the stock of 
 Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston." 
 
 This is all there is of the pedigree proper, although appended to it 
 Are references to the pedigree of Snowdon's bull through ' his differ- 
 ent sires. 
 
 That Snowdon's bull may be understood, his pedigree (all there is 
 of it) is recorded in E. H. B., Vol. i, as follows: 
 
 " (612.) Snowdon's bull (sire of Hubback), got by Wm. Robson's 
 bull (558)." 
 
 All the pedigree which Robson's bull has is, " got by James Mas- 
 terman's bull (422)," and all that is said of Masterman's bull is, "got 
 by Studley bull (626)." 
 
 Accompanying the pedigree of Hubback is also a certificate, as 
 follows : 
 
 " I remember the cow which my father bred, that was the dam of 
 Hubback ; there was no idea then that she had any mixed or Kyloe 
 blood in her. Much has been lately said, that she was descended 
 from a Kyloe ; but I have no reason to believe, nor do I believe, that 
 she had any Kyloe blood in her. John Hunter. 
 
 Hurworth, near Darlington, July 6, 1822." 
 
 * For a full and exhaustive discussion of the question see " Youatt's Cattle," American Edi- 
 tion ; also its account of Hubback, by the American Editor, extracted and printed in Vol. 3, 
 American Short-horn Herd Book. 
 
38 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 This certificate was made by the son of Hubback's breeder, forty- 
 five years after the bull's birth, and at the time he was recorded in 
 the Herd Book. ■ Mr. Hunter's recollection of the charge of Kyloe* 
 blood in the cow was probably quite distinct. He had undoubtedly 
 heard it talked over at the time when the bull's merits were ascer- 
 tained and discussed, and from the very accurate description we have 
 of the cow there is little probability that she was any other than a 
 pure Short-horn. At all events, the conceded merits attached to the 
 bull as a getter of superior stock, in none of which do we find a 
 cropping out of any other than. Short-horn blood, (which would occa- 
 sionally have been the case had he much of the Kyloe in him,) we 
 may safely conclude that Hubback was as pure in blood as any other 
 Short-horn of his time. 
 
 On the sire's side of Hubback all appears fadr, and only on the 
 side of his dam were circulated, by some parties, a suspicion of 
 Kyloe, or Scotch blood in his veins, which seems to be fully set at 
 rest by the certificate of Mr. Hunter. A like innuendo was circulated 
 by others, that Dutch blood had crept into Hubback by the rumor 
 (without anything like proof, however), that Sir William St. Quintin" 
 had, many years before, imported a bull or bulls, from Holland, and 
 crossed them into his cows to improve their quality, and which blood 
 had gone by descent into the stock of Sir James Pennyman. But, 
 as in a previous page has been conclusively shown, we think, that no 
 such Dutch importations had been made, these innuendoes, surmises 
 and charges, all fall to the ground. 
 
 The history of Hubback's dam is simply this : She was bred by Mr. 
 Hunter, and her dam (got by Banks' bull) was bred by Mr. Stephen- 
 son, and sold at his sale in 1769. Mr. Stephenson lived at Ketton 
 before Charles Colling's day, and the ancestors of the cow had been 
 in his possession for more than forty years, as he had long been a 
 Short-horn breeder of the Pennyman and Studley stock. She was a 
 small cow, of remarkably smooth and even qualities, and an excel- 
 lent feeder. She had fine hair, a bright look, was a good milker, as 
 were all the cows of her tribe, and no doubt imparted much of her 
 good quality to her son, Hubback. How so much controversy could 
 exist about her being of Kyloe descent, and thus damaging the 
 integrity of Hubback — for it was only on her side that his blood 
 could be assailed — is only to be accounted for in the jealousies and ■ 
 party spirit which wa^ rife among the breeders of the time. The 
 very fact, admitted by all authorities, that Hubback's begettings were 
 
 * The Kyloes are the " West Highland" cattle of Scotland.— L. F. -A.. 
 
HUBBACK. 
 
 39 
 
 of superior quality — although from poor cows they were inferior to 
 those of good ones — should be conclusive proof of his good descent, 
 for if he had bad blood in him, it would, to a certainty, crop out in 
 some of his progeny. Yet, aside from his meager pedigree. Hub- 
 back had a personal history — a plain, straightforward one, attested 
 by several different accounts, all agreeing in the main, and as such 
 we give it. 
 
 John Hunter, the breeder of Hubback, was a bricklayer, and 
 lived in Hurworth. He had once been a tenant farmer, and bred 
 Short-horn cattle, which, when leaving his farm to live in Hurworth, 
 he sold all off, excepting one choice little cow, which he took with 
 him, and as he had no pasture of his own for her to graze in, she 
 run in the lanes of the town. While there she was put to George 
 " Snowdon's bull," also in Hurworth. From him the cow dropped a 
 bull calf. Soon afterwards the cow and calf were driven to Darling- 
 ton market, and there sold to a Mr. Bassnett, a timber merchant. 
 Bassnett retained the cow, but sold the calf to a blacksmith at Hornby, 
 five miles out from Darlington. The dam of the calf taking on flesh 
 readily, would not again breed, and after some months was fattened 
 .and slaughtered. Growing to a useful age, the young bull, in 1783, 
 was found at six years old, in the hands of a Mr. Fawcett, living at 
 Haughton-hill, not far from Darlington. 
 
 " Mr. Wright (a noted Short-horn breeder) says that Charles Col- 
 ling going into Darlington market weekly, used to notice some 
 excellent veal, and upon inquiry ascertained that the calves were got 
 by a bull belonging to a Mr. Fawcett of Haughton-hill. This bull, 
 then known as Fawcett's bull, and some years afterwards called Hub- 
 back, was, at the time, serving cows at a shilling each (about 22 cents). 
 Charles Colling, however, as the merits of the beast were talked 
 over between himself and others, did not appear particularly im- 
 pressed with them. But Robert Colling and his neighbor, Mr. Wais- 
 tell, of Ali-hill, who had also seen the bull, thought better of him, 
 and more accurately measured his value. The two, soon after Good 
 Friday, in April, 1783, bought him of Mr. Fawcett for ten guineas 
 (about $52), and took him home, where he was jointly owned and 
 used to their separate herds, Colling having seventeen and Waistell 
 eleven cows, served by him during the season. In the following 
 November (1783), Charles Colling having changed his opinion of the 
 merits of the bull, offered his owners eight guineas (about $42) for 
 him and they sold him. Waistell had reserved, on his part of the 
 sale, that Charles should let all his cows be served to the bull as long 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 as the latter owned him, but Waistell sending a cow the following 
 year, Colling refused the service unless paid five guineas for it.* The 
 cow was driven home unserved, and Waistell had no cows sent to 
 the bull afterwards. 
 
 Charles Colling kept the bull two years, using him freely in his 
 herd, and then sold him late in 1785, at ten years old, to a Mr. 
 Hubback, at North Seton, in Northumberland. " The bull had no 
 name when Colling sold him. Mr. Hubback used him (the bull then 
 being called Hubback's bull) until the year 1791, when he was fourteen 
 years old, and he was vigorous to the last. Mr. Thomas Bates saw 
 him, and calves got by him, in 1790."! 
 
 Thus, the story, written by Mr. Berry, that "Hubback was .partly 
 of Dutch blood, bojight — when a calf, running by his mother's side 
 in the lanes — by Waistell and Robert Colling, and both, including 
 Charles Colling, using him but three years, when, by taking on so 
 much flesh, he became impotent, and was slaughtered," is all, but 
 the three years' use, the sheerest invention. The facts, undoubtedly 
 were, that neither Waistell nor either of the CoUings, truly appreci- 
 ated the merits of Hubback until after they had parted with him, 
 and saw the excellence of his stock as thsy grew up and developed. 
 He was a small bull ; his dam was small — for a Short-horn — but a 
 very handsome cow, of fine symmetry, with a nice touch, and fine, 
 long, mossy hair. All these choice qualities Hubback took from her, 
 and his hair remained unusually late in the spring before shedding. 
 As good size was a meritorious point in Short-horns at that time, it 
 is highly probable that the Collings discarded him for that deficiency 
 more than any other. Yet the subsequent reputation of Hubback, 
 among the breeders, stood higher than that of any bull of his time, 
 and it was considered a great merit in any Short-horn which could 
 trace its pedigree back into his blood, which, no doubt, could be 
 easily done, as he was, both before and after the Collings owned 
 him, open to the public at a cheap rate of service. Other animals 
 than those of Waistell and the Collings, recorded in the English Herd 
 Book, trace their pedigrees back to Hubback. 
 
 One more, and as we think, conclusive evidence may be added to 
 the integrity of Hubback's Short-horn blood : " Mr. Charge, as well 
 as Mr. Coates, and Charles Colling, always deemed Hubback a pure 
 Short-horn ; and neither he nor his descendants when put on cows 
 
 * From various transactions we have heard of him, with all his cleverness as a breeder, we 
 incline to the opinion that Charles Colling had an especial eye to his own iHieresis, 
 t American Edition of Youatt's British Cattle. 
 
THE STANWICK, OR ORIGINAL DUCHESS. 4I 
 
 of the pure blood, hegot any calves which denoted in their features 
 or color any other breed than the pure Short-horn. His stock had 
 capacious chests, prominent bosoms, thick, mossy coats, mellow skins, 
 with a great deal of fine flesh, spread equally over the whole carcass, 
 and were either red and white, yellow roans, or white."* 
 
 It is said that in the year 1784, after coming into possession of 
 Hubback (or Fawcett's bull), Charles Colling picked up several good 
 cows, among them some got by Fawcett's bull ; but one of the most 
 noted, as afterwards known in her descendants, was the " Stanw' ;k 
 cow" (the original of the "Duchess" tribe), which in June, 1784, 
 was driven from the Stanwick estate of the Duke of Northumber- 
 land,! in Yorkshire, to be sold in the Darlington market, and Colling 
 being present when the cow was driven in, took an especial fancy to 
 her fair qualities, and bought hei: at the low price of ;^i3 ($65). 
 " She was a massive, short-legged beast, breast near the ground, a great 
 grower, with wide back, and of a beautiful yellowish-red flaked 
 color." J Colling called her Duchess. She was got by J. Brown's red 
 bull (97), and no further pedigree of her was known. She was bred 
 to Hubback, and through the produce of that coupling descended 
 the since famous (through Mr. Bates' breeding on the female side) 
 " Duchess " tribe of Short-horns.§ 
 
 During the two seasons that Charles Colling possessed Hubback 
 we may suppose that he made diligent use of him in his herd, but we 
 do not learn that the buUmade a strong impression of his value, or he 
 would not so soon have parted with him. At all events, the merits of 
 his stock were not fully appreciated until some time after he had dis- 
 posed of him, and Colling had become in possession, through other 
 parties, of cows of his get anterior to his own use of the bull. 
 
 * Thornton's Circular. 
 
 t We have since heard it asserted that the " Stanwick " cow was not from the Stanwick estate, 
 but from the neighboring one of Aldbrough, also belonging to the Northumberland domain ; but 
 it matters little which of the farms produced the cow. She was of the Northumberland Short 
 horn blood, unquestionably. 
 
 X Mr. Bates. 
 
 § The Stanwick estate was said to have then been in the occupancy of Earl Percy, a son of Sir 
 Hugh Smithson, before related as being raised to the peerage with the title of Duke of North- 
 umberland, under the Percy succession. This Earl Percy held a commission in the British army, 
 and was one of the party who attacked the American Provincial troops at Lexington, Mass., in 
 the beginning of our Revolutionary War, and was for some years absent from home. He after- 
 wards succeeded his father to the estates and title of second Duke of Northumberland. The 
 late Mr. Smithson, of England, who bequeathed the generous donation of $500,000 to. found our 
 National ** Smithsonian Institution," at Washington, was a natural son of that second Duke of 
 Northumberland, and grandson to Sir Hugh Smithson, the first Duke, previously mentioned. In 
 his inimitable poem, **Alnwick Castle," our American Halleck alludes to Earl Percy, as having 
 
 " Fought for King George at Lexington, 
 A major of dragoons." 
 
42 HISTORY OF THK SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 " Gabriel Thornton, in 1786, went to live with Charles, as farm man- 
 ager, having previously lived, since 1774, with Mr. Maynard, at 
 Eryholme. Some remarks of Mr. Thornton concerning Mr. May- 
 nard's cattle, led Mr. and Mrs. Colling* to ride over to Eryholme 
 that same year. When they arrived, a handsome cow, called ' Favor- 
 ite,' that Miss Maynard was milking, attracted their notice, and Mr. 
 Colling offered to buy the cow and her heifer. After some haggling 
 on both sides, the purchase was made, and the cows, 'Favorite,' 
 and her daughter, 'Young Strawlperry,' went to Ketton." 
 
 As these two cows, " Favorite " (afterwards Lady Maynard, in 
 Colling's hands), and- her daughter, " Young Strawberry," mark the 
 foundation of another distinguished family of Short-horns (aside 
 from the Duchess already named), through the joint interbreeding of 
 their own bull and heifer progenies, from which the bull " Favorite " 
 (252) descended, and on which Colling's chief celebrity as an im- 
 prover is based, a full history of the cows will be given. 
 
 Lady Maynard and Young Strawberry. 
 
 Mr. Maynard had long been a distinguished breeder of Short 
 horns at his farm of Eryholme, then occupied by him, and for many 
 years since by his descendants, who have continuously bred until a 
 recent day first-class cattle. At the time of Charles Colling's visit 
 to him for the purchase of the two cows, Maynard was in possession 
 of an ' excellent herd, and Colling finding the things he wanted, 
 bought them of him at the low price of jQi^o ($200) for the cow 
 and heifer.f 
 
 The pedigree of the cow Lady Maynard is thus given under the 
 name of " Favorite, or Lady Maynard," in the first edition of Vol. i, 
 Coates' E. H. B.: 
 
 "Red roan, bred by Mr. Maynard, got by Mr. Ralph Alcock'sJ 
 bull (19), d. by Jacob Smith's § bull (608), gr. d. (Strawberry) by 
 Mr. Jolly's bull (337)." II 
 
 ♦ It is said Mrs. Colling was quite as much interested in cattle breeding as her husband, and 
 having no children she had abundant leisure to devote to the stock. 
 
 t Mr. Bates' History. 
 
 X All the record pedigree of Alcock*s bull is, "bred by Mr. Michael Jackson, of Hutton-Bor- 
 ville, near North AUerton." A note of Mr. Bates* says: "A good bull." 
 
 § Smith's bull has no pedigree whatever. His name only is recorded. A note to his pedigree, 
 in manuscript, written by Mr. Bates, says : " Yellow red, white face, white back, and white legs 
 to the knees." 
 
 11 Jolly's bull has no pedigree ; recorded by name only. Mr. Bates said, "he was bred by Mr. 
 Waistell, of Great Burdon," 
 
 Mr. Bates afterwards wrote that Mr. Maynard gave him a long pedigree of the cow " Favor- 
 ite," running back to the " Murrain " year, 1745. 
 
LADY MAYNARD. 
 Lady Maynard's produce is thus recorded : 
 
 43 
 
 ^SEX AND COLOR. 
 
 BREEDER. 
 
 178-, COW calf, 
 178-, cow calf, red roan, 
 178-, cow calf, r. & w., 
 178-, bull calf, r. & w., 
 
 X796, bull calf, white, 
 
 Young Strawberry, 
 
 Miss Lax, 
 
 Phoenix, 
 
 Lady Maynard's bull (356), 
 
 Mason's white bull (491), -j 
 
 and another cow calf which did not breed. 
 
 Dalton Duke (i83) 
 Dalton Duke (188) 
 Foljambe (263). 
 Lame bull (357), 
 Bolingbroke (86), c 
 Favorite (252), 
 
 Mr. Maynard. 
 Mr. Maynard. 
 Charles Colling. 
 Charles Colling, 
 Charles Colling. 
 
 Thus it appears that Young Strawberry, which Colling purchased 
 with the cow, was her first calf, and she was bred by Maynard. As 
 the pedigree of the cow Young Strawberry is already given under the 
 produce of Lady Maynard, the pedigree of her (Young Strawberry's) 
 son Bolingbroke (86) is found as her produce, under her record in 
 Vol. I, E. H. B., as calved November 12, 1788, red and white, bred 
 by Mr. Colling, and got by Foljambe (263). Foljambe is entered in 
 the Herd Book as bred by Colling; other authorities contend that he 
 was bred by Mr. Hall, of Haughton-hill, got by Richard Barker's bull 
 (52), out of the cow Haughton, by Hubback. Colling afterwards 
 bought the cow Haughton of Mr. Hall The pedigree of the cow 
 Haughton runs thus : 
 
 "Got by Hubback (319), dam by a bull of the late Charles Col- 
 ling's (which he bought of Mr. John Bamlet), gr. d. by Mr. Waistell's 
 bull (669), g. gr. d. Tripes, bred by Mr. C. Pickering." 
 
 By other authority Tripes is said to be by Studley bull (626), and 
 her dam bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in 1739- 
 
 So it will be seen that Foljambe was of stranger blood to the Lady 
 Maynard family. Thus, with Foljambe, and his Lady Maynard, and 
 other tribes, Colling went on with his new course of breeding ; but 
 we do not find that Foljambe was directly used to any of the Colling- 
 Duchess, or Stanwick family, as their pedigrees enter into the first 
 volume of E. H. B. only in Mr. Bates' Duchess ist, calved in 1810, 
 got by Comet (155), and the fifth in descent from the Stanwick 
 cow. Yet as Duchess ist was descended through Comet and Favor- 
 ite, who had the blood of Foljambe ia them, the Duchess tribe had 
 his blood also. 
 
 With the basis of the two tribes. Duchess, and Lady Maynard, in 
 his hands, as well as with other cows which he had selected, Charles 
 Colling began his remarkable in-and-in system of breeding, and 
 pursued it with untiring pertinacity to the end of his Short-horn 
 career in 1810. He bred comparatively few animals of his Duchess 
 tribe, although equally in-and-in bred as the Lady Maynards. Fol- 
 jambe, as an early sire, begat the bull Bolingbroke '86), in the cow 
 
44 HISTORY OF THK SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Young Strawberry, and also begat the cow Phcenix, in the dam of 
 Young Strawberry (Lady Maynard), so that Bolingbroke was closely 
 related to Phoenix in other ways than being her half brother. Then 
 in Phoenix, his half sister and aunt, Bolingbroke begat Favorite (252), 
 and Favorite in his own mother and sister (Phcenix) begat Young 
 Phoenix, and in Young Phcenix (his own daughter as well as sister) 
 he begat Comet (155), the famous 1000 guinea bull in the final sale of 
 Ceiling's herd in 1810. In addition to this intensely close breeding, 
 Favorite was used to his own heifers without stint in CoUing's herd 
 even to, in one instance (Robert Colling's Clarissa), the sixth genera- 
 tion, producing in every case sound, healthy offspring. No bull in 
 Short-horn history has so many animals which trace back to him as 
 Favorite. Not only to his own immediate family relations, but to the 
 Duchesses and other tribes does his blood extend, so that running 
 back to Favorite, in thousands of bulls and cows, from that day to 
 this, his blood has been commingled in hear and remote relationship. 
 
 Concurrent with Charles, nis brother Robert had been equally vig- 
 ilant. He had selected, probably, quite as good animals from the 
 herds of Messrs. Milbank of Barningham, Hill of Blackwell, Best, 
 Watson, Wright of Manfield, and Sir William St. Quintin of Scamp- 
 ston, all of whom were celebrated breeders of Short-horn or Tees- 
 water catfle.* 
 
 Hubback had been used by Robert one year, and by Charles two 
 years, as before stated, and sold by the latter at ten years of age, 
 without a name, to go into the hands of Mr. Hubback, in Northum- 
 berland, who gave his own name to the bull, and in whose possession 
 he died. After leaving Colling, little is known of Hubback's produce 
 or to what classes of cows he was bred. The name of Mr. Hubback, 
 the last owner of the bull, does not appear as a breeder in the early 
 volumes of the Herd Book. 
 
 Let it be borne in mind that while the Collings were thus vigor- 
 ously busy in working up their herds, the older breeders around 
 them had not been idle. The selections of the Collings were made 
 from among the cattle of those breeders, and it may well be supposed 
 that they still retained in their hands animals probably equal in 
 quality to any with which they had parted ; but wanting the dash 
 and enterprise of the later established Barmpton and Ketton breed- 
 ers, they failed to bring their own herds into equally prominent 
 notice. 
 
 * Thornton'.; Circular. 
 
FOLJAMBE. 45 
 
 Succeeding Hubback, in Charles CoUing's herd, we recall and 
 notice Foljambe {263) [Hubback's grandson on the dam's side], by 
 Richard Barker's bull (52), already mentioned. " Barker's bull was of 
 good size and symmetry, but rather a hard handler, the winner of a 
 premium, as a calf, in the year 1784, at Darlington, and generally 
 known as ' Dicky Barker's black nose.' " Foljambe also had a dark 
 nose, so said Mr. Bates. Foljambe's dam was Mr. Hall's cow Haugh- 
 ton (by Hubback), before named, and " Colling considered that Fol- 
 jambe left him the best stock which he had.* He is described as a 
 useful, thick beast, handle good, wide back, dark face, and was sold 
 by Mr. Coates to Mr. Foljambe,f as a yearling for 50 guineas "f ($260). 
 
 Another description says that "he was a large, strong bull, a useful, 
 big, bony beast, of great substance." 
 
 Thus the brothers Colling progressed. The prices of the Tees- 
 waters at that day were low. The country, outside the counties where 
 they were bred, knew little either of the cattle or their value. Wais- 
 tell and Robert Colling had bought Hubback for ten guineas (about 
 $52), and Charles paid them only eight guineas ($42) for him ; and no 
 wonder that they so bought him, when he had been serving cows 
 indiscriminately at one shilling (or 22 cents) each! "Mrs. Charles 
 Colling ridiculed her husband's niggardliness in giving Mr. Maynard 
 only 30 guineas for the cow Favorite (Lady Maynard) and 10 guineas 
 ($52) for her heifer. Young Strawberry, although he bid 5° guineas 
 ($260) to Mr. Scott for ' Sockbum Sail,' the ancestress of the pres- 
 ent Blanche tribe. The cows lay out in the fields, having a little hay 
 taken out to them in bad weather, but always calved in a warm place. 
 The calves had new milk till they were two or three weeks old, then 
 for a month they got half and half (new and skim), afterwards skim 
 milk with linseed bran, or other meal, or porridge ; they were then 
 turned out to grass, getting nothing else. Nurse cows were kept for 
 the bull calves, going out on hire."| 
 
 The Collings are the first mentioned Short-horn breeders who let 
 bulls out on hire. Mr. John Hutchinson, in a letter dated in 1821, 
 savs : " Charles Colling, being an established breeder, exhibited in 
 the spring of 1790, his first two yearling bulls for sale, and succeeded 
 
 * That ColUs^ so said^ we have no doubt. But from all collateral testimony we have as little 
 doubt that it w:^ the result of his chagrin at having so prematurely parted with Hubback, before 
 he knew the intrinsic value of his blood and stock. — L, F, A. 
 
 t There appears to be some discrepancy as to the different transfers and ownerships, as well as 
 to which — Hall or Colling^really bred Foljambe. — L. F. A. 
 
 * Thornton's Circular. 
 
46 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 in selling them both. Mr. Coates, of Smeaton, was the purchaser of 
 one for £26 ($130), and Mr. R. Thomas of the other, for £2^^ 
 ($115)." Mr. Bailey, the Durham historian, writes in 1810, that 
 " Messrs. Colling and Mason let bulls out by the year at fifty ($260) 
 to one hundred guineas ($520) each, and these celebrated breeders 
 cannot supply the demand for the pure blood,' which they are cautious 
 of^preserving, and which takers of bulls are become so well acquainted 
 with that the prices they give are in proportion to the good qualities 
 of the individuals, and merits of their progenitors, more regard being 
 ■paid to their pedigree than to anything else. Messrs. Colling have fre- 
 quently sold cows and heifers for ;^ioo ($500) each, and bull calves 
 at the same. Charles Colling has refused ;i^Soo ($2,500) for a cow, 
 and in the year 1807, Mr. Mason refused ;^7oo ($3,500) for a cow."* 
 " The most noted breeders who hired Charles Colling's bulls, were 
 John Charge, of Newton, who used Favorite (252) ; Mr. Mason, of 
 Chilton; Mr. Jobling, of Styford; Mr. Gibson, of Corbridge ; Sir 
 George Strickland ; Mr. Robertson, of Ladykirk ; and Mr. Ostler, of 
 Aylesby and Audley. Windsor (696) was used by Mr. Hustler in 
 1808-9; Mr- Parker, of Mai ton, had him five years, and George III. 
 had him for three years, at £i,o ($200) a year, for service on the 
 royal farm at Windsor, whence he was named."f 
 
 The Mode of Charles Colling's Breeding. 
 
 To keep a run of Charles Colling's system of breeding: after 
 Hubback (319) he used Foljambe (263), who got Bolingbroke (86), 
 and Bolingbroke got Favorite (252), calved in 1793. He succes- 
 sively used Favorite, with occasional interims, for thirteen years, 
 beginning his services at two years old. At ten years old Favorite 
 begat Comet (155), calved in 1804; and the next year, at eleven years 
 old he begat North Star (458), full brother to Comet, calved in 1805. 
 These two bulls, celebrated in their day, were out of Young Phoenix, 
 his daughter and sister (she out of Phoenix, mother to Favorite, the 
 sire of Young Phcenix), as close interbreedimj, perhaps, as could be 
 made. 
 
 * Mr. Mason was contemporary with the Collings, a distinguished Short-horn breeder, and 
 many animals of his herds were probably equal in excellence to those of the Collings, as he had 
 early used the Colling bulls. His " Mason's white bull " (421), was g«t by either Bolingbroke or 
 Favorite, out of Colling's Lady Maynard. Many descendants of his stock are found in the Herd 
 Books.— L. F. A. 
 
 t Thornton's Circular. 
 
COLLING'S MODE OF BREEDING. ' 47 
 
 That Colling bred his cattle with one persistent object in view 
 there can be no question. It was to obtain the greatest concentration 
 oigood\)\oo& possible in his herd. His original cows he had selected 
 from among the best at his command, and in order to cement that ' 
 blood in its greatest strength, worked the blood of each into the 
 descendants of others, as far as is possible, so that it should be com- 
 mon to all. His original animals were not alike, differing much in 
 their various qualities, yet all having more or less good and sterling 
 points of character. Those different points will be more fully no- 
 ticed hereafter. In Favorite (252), Colling judged that the best 
 blood could be transmitted more successfully than through the veins 
 of any other bull. Nor was he mistaken. He used him for two, 
 three, four, and in one recorded instance five successive crosses in 
 his own heifers, with decided success and no deterioration of consti- 
 tution or quality in the very last cross he made in their production. 
 At the final sale of his herd in 18 10, there were more of his animals 
 running back into the blood of Favorite than in all the other bulls 
 he had used, put together. The follwing analysis is so well expressed 
 that I quote it from the Rev. J. Storer, in Mr. Carr's late History of 
 the Booth Short-horns : 
 
 " Few people have any idea of the amazing extent to which in- 
 and-in breeding was carried on by the Brothers Colling ; and so great 
 was the complication it involved, that few of those who know the 
 outline of the circumstances, can adequately realize all their intrica- 
 cies. It is almost impossible to describe even proximately in some 
 of its stronger features the system they pursued. But the attempt 
 ought to be made ; for the Messrs. Ceiling's system of in-and-in breed- 
 ing, is not only one of the most remarkable and authentic cases in the 
 history of the reproduction of animals with which we are acquainted, 
 but the earlier Booth bulls were amongst those most strongly sub- 
 jected to its influence. 
 
 " Mr. C. Colling's bull Bolingbroke, and his cow Phoenix, were 
 brother and sister on the sire's side, and nearly so on the dam's. 
 They were of the same family ; and the only difference in descent 
 was, that Bolingbroke was a grandson of Dalton Duke, while Phcenix 
 was not. But this apparent difference, slight as it is, was not all real; 
 for Dalton Duke also contained some portion of their common blood. 
 Arithmetically stated, the blood of the two being taken and divided 
 into thirty-two parts, twenty-nine of those parts were of blood common 
 to both, rather differently proportioned between them. Phcenix had 
 sixteen of those parts, Bolingbroke thirteen; the latter having also 
 
48 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 three fresh parts derived from Dalton Duke, which made up the 
 thirty-two. 
 
 " Being thus very nearly own brother and sister, they were the joint 
 parents of the bull Favorite. That bull was next put to his own 
 mother Phoenix, so nearly related to him on his sire's side also ; and 
 the produce was Young Phoenix. To this heifer Favorite was once 
 more put, she being at once his daughter and more than own sister too. 
 For their two sires, Bolingbroke and Favorite, were not only as nearly 
 as possible consanguineous with each other, but also with the cow 
 Phoenix, to which they were both put. The result was — Comet (155). 
 
 " Nor was this all. The system was carried much further. The 
 celebrated Booth bull Albion (14) was not only a son of the in-and- 
 in Favorite bred Comet, but his dam was a granddaughter of Favorite 
 on both sides, and descended besides from both the sire and the dam 
 of Favorite. 
 
 " It is not so possible to make an exact statement with regard to 
 Pilot (496), for it is not known whether he was by Major (398), or 
 Wellington (680). Nor does it much matter; for five-eighths of 
 Major's and three-quarters of Wellington's blood were derived from 
 Favorite, by repeated inter crossings ; and Pilot's dam was not only 
 by Favorite, but she was also the granddaughter of Foljambe, the sire 
 of both the parents of Favorite. 
 
 "Marshal Beresford (415) was, like Albion, a son of Comet (155); 
 and his dam was by a grandson of Favorite, out of a daughter of 
 Favorite. 
 
 " Suworrow (636) was by a son of Favorite ; and his dam was a 
 daughter of Favorite ; and Twin Brother to Ben {660) was from a 
 cow by Foljambe, the double grandsire of Favorite. 
 
 " Even this does not exhaust the subject. Many of the above 
 mentioned animals were otherwise related to each other by a common 
 descent from Hubback, and from other progenitors. 
 
 "Albion has been called 'The Alloy Bull.' I think with very little 
 reason. When it is remembered that he is the seventh in descent 
 from that blood, and that therefore only one part of his blood came 
 from 'The Alloy,'* against oru hundred and twenty-seven parts which 
 were not derived from it, the chances against either good or evil 
 resulting therefrom were infinitesimally small ; and so no doubt such 
 in acute observer as Mr. Booth well knew." 
 
 * Through Washington (674). These hulls will be more particularly noticed hereafter in our 
 remarks upon the Booth herds. — L. F, A. 
 
COLLING'S MODE OF BREEDING. 
 
 49 
 
 To further illustrate Colling's in-and-in breeding, we give two dia^ 
 gTiims of descent first published in Vol. i, American Herd Book : 
 
 1. Bull, Hubback. 
 
 2. Dam of Haughton. 
 
 3. Richard Barker's bull. 
 
 4. Cow, HaughtOQ. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF JIGURES. 
 
 5. Bull, Foljambe, xi. Cow, Phoenix. 
 
 6. Cow, Young Strawberry. xs. Cow, Young Phoenix. 
 
 7. Bull Dalton Duke. 13. Bull, Favorite. 
 8 and xo. Cow, Lady Maynard. X4. Bull, Comet, 
 'g. Bull, Bolingbroke. 
 
 While on this subject we give a diagram of another animal, the cow 
 Clarissa, which we find on record, bred by Robert Colling, to show 
 the depth of a particular strain of blood which he acquired. This 
 cow, it appears, has six consecutive crosses or 63-64ths parts of the 
 blood of Favorite. Her pedigree (Vol. i, E. H. B.) runs thus: 
 "Clarissa, roan, calved in 1814, bred by Mr. R. Colling, got by Wel- 
 lington (680), out of , by Favorite (252), — ^by Favorite, — by 
 
 Favorite, — ^by Favorite, — ^by Favorite, — by Favorite, — ^by a son of 
 Hubback." (See diagram on next page.) 
 
 In addition to the pedigree of Clarissa, we have run out that of 
 Wellington, her sire, which also goes back to Favorite, showing that 
 although Clarissa's dam had six crosses of Favorite's blood, Clarissa 
 is met on the other side by a bull deeply impregnated with the blood 
 of Favorite also. Clarissa proved a good breeder, and was the dam 
 of several excellent animals. 
 
 After saying so much of the Collings, it may be asked, why they 
 so rapidly achieved a reputation as Short-horn breeders, so young in 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 the business, and outstripped their older neighbors to whom they 
 were indebted for the original excellence in their herds, and had 
 adopted a course of breeding opposed to the common opinions of 
 the breeders around them, viz. : the in-and-in system of Bakewell. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 
 
 I, 
 
 Bull, Hubbaclc. 
 
 8. 
 
 4th Cow by Favorite. 
 
 15. 
 
 Cow, Young Fhosnix. 
 
 u. 
 
 Son of Hubback. 
 
 ■)• 
 
 5th Cow by Favorite. 
 
 ,16. 
 
 Cow, Phoenix. 
 
 1- 
 
 Cow, by son of Hubback. 
 
 10. 
 
 »th Cow by Favorite. 
 
 4- 
 
 Same bull Favorite on the 
 
 4- 
 
 Bull, Favorite. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Cow, Clarissa. 
 
 
 side of Clarissa*s sire, as 
 
 s- 
 
 ist Cow by Favorite. 
 
 13. 
 
 Bull, Wellington, sire of 
 
 
 on the sire of her dam. 
 
 6. 
 
 2d Cow by Favorite. 
 
 
 Clarissa. 
 
 I7- 
 
 Bull, Bolingbroke. 
 
 7. 
 
 3d Cow by Favorite. 
 
 J3- 
 >4- 
 
 Bull, Comet. 
 Cow,Wildair. 
 
 18. 
 
 Granddaughter of Hubback. 
 
 They bred their stock intensely and pertinaciously in-and-in, as 
 has been seen by the crosses and diagrams we have given, to the 
 closest relationship. They had selected from the herds of other 
 breeders not only as good blood as they could obtain, but as good 
 animals, and by their course of close breeding had concentrated 
 that blood into its utmost compactness in their stock, thus enabling 
 their bulls to transmit it with nearly absolute certainty into the thor- 
 oughbred animals of their get. Of course their herds had acquired 
 a character and type of their own, measurably distinct from those of 
 other breeders, who, in following the old idea that near relations 
 should not be crossed in stock breeding, possessed herds of miscella- 
 neous character, although, perhaps, in many points of excellence, 
 quite equal to the Collings. We do not aver that the Collings* 
 stock was better than that of some of the other careful, painstaking 
 
DURHAM OX. 51 
 
 breeders around them, other than in their fixed and undeviating 
 characteristics, and their thus acquired power of transmitting those 
 characteristics into their progeny, when put upon cows of blood not 
 related to them. This the deeply in-and-in bred Colling bulls did, 
 beyond a question, and hence their rapidly acquired popularity. 
 
 Still, the Short-horns were a local breed of cattle, confined chiefly 
 to the counties of ancient Northumbria, and the best of them were 
 to be found in and about the valley of the Tees. The Collings, in 
 the exercise of their usual foresight and acumen, determined to give 
 their cattle a wide reputation through the kingdom, and for that pur- 
 pose Charles prepared the 
 
 Durham Ox 
 
 for public exhibition. As this ox achieved a wide reputation and 
 successfully drew the merits of the Short-horns to the attention of 
 the cattle breeding public, although it has been frequently published, 
 a full account of him will be repeated. He was among the earliest 
 calves got by Favorite (252), "bred in the year 1796, and out of a 
 common black and white cow, bought for Charles Colling by John 
 Simpson, at Durham Fair, for ;£j4 ($70)."* Although the dam of 
 the Durham Ox was said to have been " a common cow," from the price 
 which Colling paid for her, and the marvellous excellence and beauty 
 of the ox descended from her, it is altogether probable she possessed 
 much of the " common " Short-horn blood of the vicinity.f Yet, from 
 the "black " in her she may not have been highly bred, but of remark- 
 ably good quality. This calf, made a steer, Colling fed up to his 
 greatest flesh-taking capacity until nearly five years old, when he had 
 attained a weight of 3024 pounds. He was then purchased to be 
 exhibited, by Mr. Bulmer of Harmby, in February, 1801, for £,\^o 
 ($700). Bulmer had a traveling carriage made to carry him through 
 the country, and after traveling and exhibiting him five weeks, sold 
 the carriage and ox at Rotherham to John Day, for ;^2So ($1,250). 
 On the 14th of May ensuing, Mr. Day could have sold him for ;£^2^ 
 ($2,625) ■> o*^ ^^ "^Z^ of June, for ;^i,ooo ($5,000), and on the 8th of 
 July, for _;^2,ooo ($10,000), but he refused all these offers, which were 
 strong proofs of the excellence of the ox, as well as his exhibiting 
 
 * Thoriiton*s Circular, 
 
 t The ox, like his sire, Favorite, was light roan in color. Did not that color, like the wonder 
 ful excellence he otherwise possessed, demonstrate the certainty with which the highly conceD 
 trated blood of Favorite was capable of being thrown into his produce ? 
 
$2 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 value. Mr. Day traveled with him nearly six years, through the 
 principal parts of England and Scotland, till at Oxford, on the 19th 
 of February, the ox dislocated his hip bone, and continued in that 
 state till the 15th of April, when he was killed, and notwithstanding 
 he must have lost considerable flesh during these eight weeks of 
 illness, yet his dead weight was : 
 
 Four quarters 2322 pounds. 
 
 Tallow 156 " 
 
 Hide 142 " 
 
 2620 pounds. 
 
 This was at the age of eleven years, under all the disadvantages of 
 six years traveling in a jolting carriage, and eight weeks of painful 
 lameness. At ten years old Mr. Day stated his live weight to have 
 been nearly 3400 pounds. 
 
 About the year 1806, Robert Colling reared a thoroughbred heifer, 
 afterwards called the "White Heifer that Traveled," which he sent 
 out through the principal agricultural counties for exhibition ; the 
 date of her birth is not given in the first volume E. H. B., where 
 her pedigree is recorded. She was also got by Favorite (252), her 
 dam called " Favorite Cow," also bred by R. Colling ; the name of 
 " Favorite Cow's " sire is not given. Her gr. dam, " Yellow Cow," 
 was by Punch (531), and her g. gr. dam was by Anthony Reed's bull 
 (538), and bred by Mr. Best, of Manfield. The "White Heifer" 
 being twinned with a bull, and herself not breeding, she was no 
 doubt fed up to her greatest flesh-taking capacity during her life. 
 Her age, when slaughtered, is not given, but the account states that 
 her live weight could not have been less than 2300 pounds, and her 
 dead (profitable^ weight was estimated at 1820 pounds. 
 
 There were other extraordinary large and heavy cattle bred and 
 fed by the Short-horn breeders contemporary with the Collings, 
 whose recorded weights we might give, but as they all run in aboiit 
 the same scale, it is not important to record them here. It is suffi- 
 cient to say that the great reputation which the Collings and their 
 animals acquired was through the wider knowledge which the public 
 abroad obtained of them by these public exhibitions. Thus the 
 Collings became conspicuously known, and were considered by those 
 not intimately acquainted with the other breeders around them, as. 
 if not the founders, at least the great improvers of that newly adver- 
 tised and meritorious race. 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S BREEDING. 53 
 
 Robert Colling and his Short-horn Breeding. 
 
 Although he has been frequently mentioned in the account of his 
 brother Charles, as they often bred their stock through an interchange 
 of bulls, yet Robert had a herd in blood distinctly his own, and bred 
 many cattle as highly distinguished in their merits as were those 
 of Charles. 
 
 Previous to his taking the farm at Barmpton in the year 1783, he 
 lived at Hurworth, a short distance away. When a youth he had 
 been apprenticed to a grocer, but his health declining, he embraced 
 farming. He had often visited Mr. Culley, a noted farmer, stock 
 breeder, and agricultural writer, and took lessons from him in farm- 
 ing, turnip growing, and stock feeding. He had obtained Leicester 
 sheep from Bakewell, and for many years bred and sold them with 
 great success, simultaneous with his pursuit of Short-horn cattle 
 breeding. His annual ram-lettings were extensive and profitable. 
 
 Some of his earliest stock he obtained from Mr. Milbank, of 
 Barningham. They were considered as among the best of the Tees- 
 water cattle, and noted for their excellent grazing properties. He 
 also selected the best cows to be obtained from other breeders, and 
 having the bull Hubback (319), as previously stated, in the year 1783, 
 by which he had seventeen cows served, it may well be supposed 
 that he made a ready and sure start through the best blood and the 
 best animals he could obtain in the foundation of his herd. He 
 bred with skill and judgment, and founded several different families, 
 or tribes of females, as the Wildair, the Red Rose, the Princess, 
 the Bright Eyes, and others, which became in future hands, as well 
 as his own, widely noted as the bases of superior herds. He also 
 bred many noted bulls. Among the earliest of them were " Broken- 
 horn "(95), by Hubback (319), etc.; "Punch" (513) by Broken-horn; 
 Ben (70), and "Twin Brother to Ben" (660), by Punch; "CoUing's 
 (Robert) white bull" (151), by Favorite (252); "Marske" (418), 
 by Favorite [his dam and grand dam also by Favorite ; great grand 
 dam by Hubback (319), — by Snowdon's bull (612), — ^by Master- 
 man's bull (422), — ^by Harrison's bull (292), — by Studley bull (626); 
 Marske was a noted bull, useful thirteen years, and died at fifteen 
 years old] ; " North Star" (459), by Favorite [and full brother, to the 
 "White Heifer that Traveled"] ; "Phenomenon" (491), by Favorite; 
 " Styford " (629), by Favorite ; besides many later bulls which were 
 sold, or occasionally used by him, or let for service to other breeders. 
 
54 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Among the cows bred by Robert Colling was one which has ob- 
 tained celebrity through her descendants as " The American Cow ;" 
 and it has been a subject of inquiry during late years, both in Eng- 
 land and America, why a cow so ancient in lineage should have been 
 called by a name so foreign to her birth-place, and after a country 
 where the Short-horns at that time were almost unknown. We first 
 find her name in the pedigree of Red Rose, in first edition of Vol. i, 
 p. 457, E. H. B., as follows: "Red, calved in 1811, bred by Mr. 
 Hustler, property of Mr. T. Bates, got by Yarborough (705), dam 
 (bred by R. Colling, and called The American Cow), by Favorite 
 (252). gr- d- by Punch (531), g. gr. d.'by Foljambe (263), g. g. gr. d. 
 by Hubback {319)." 
 
 In the above pedigree The American Cow is originally identified. 
 In Vol. 2, p. 497, first edition E. H. B., the same Red Rose is again 
 recorded as Red Rose ist, her dam being "The American Cow," 
 as before. In a conversation with Mr. John Thornton, of London, 
 when in this country in the winter of 1870-71, (who is as well versed 
 in English Short-horn pedigrees, perhaps, as any other,) he remarked 
 that he had never learned why the American Cow was so called, 
 although he had made diligent inquiries in England for the reason. 
 
 The American history of the cow, as we have been informed on 
 authority which we deem good, is this : In some year, not long after 
 1801, a son of Mr. Hustler, who was a Short-horn cattle bi-eeder in 
 Yorkshire, emigrated to New York, and brought with him some Short- 
 horn cattle, among which was this nameless cow, or then heifer, 
 afterwards dam of the Red Rose ist, which his father bought of 
 Robert Colling. The younger Hustler went into business in New 
 York City, and put his cattle into the adjoining county of Westchester. 
 After a few years stay in America, he returned to England, and not 
 finding his Short-horns appreciated on this side the ocean, (as 
 we find no record of them or their produce in this country,) Mr. 
 Hustler took this cow back with him, as she was a remarkably good 
 beast, and put her into his father's herd. Then, on being put to 
 Yarborough, she became the dam of Red Rose, afterwards purchased 
 by Mr. Bates, he calling her Red Rose ist, which, in his hands was 
 the original of the tribe of Red Rose, from whom many excellent 
 animals have descended. The only English account we have of 
 The American Cow, aside from her pedigree, which we have quoted, 
 is, that " she was sent to America, and taken back to England." 
 
 It is hardly necessary to follow Robert Colliilg through the various 
 particulars of his breeding, as we have done more closely with 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S BREEDING. $5 
 
 Charles, for, as has been previously remarked, they bred much in 
 concert, followed the same system of intercrossing their blood, and 
 in fact were almost identical in their practice. To sum up the results 
 of their joint action, it may be said that they, in the midst of older 
 and more experienced breeders, combatted the ancient prejudices of 
 the day, and through their in-and-in system, established a new uhool 
 in breeding. 
 
56 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Were the Collings the Earliest and Chief Improvers of 
 THE Short-horns? 
 
 In the discussion of this question a wider range of observation 
 may be necessary than has usually been taken from hearsay, tradi- 
 tion, or even what in some cases has been written by men claiming a 
 personal knowledge of the subject. Assertion is one thing ; proof is 
 another thing ; and sometimes widely different, in the settlement of 
 facts. It has long been so commonly reported among those who 
 have never gone into an investigation of the matter, that to the 
 Collings — especially Charles — was due the great merit of transform- 
 ing the ancient, coarse, ungainly race of Short-horns, which had long 
 existed anterior to their coming upon the stage, into the stately and 
 more highly perfected condition in which they left them, that it may 
 seem, if not an act of audacity, at least a bootless task to combat a 
 belief which has heretofore been so commonly entertained. We 
 shall, however, carefully examine all the facts at command and strive 
 to place the subject in as true a light as possible. 
 
 To the first question : " Were the Collings the earliest improv- 
 ers " of the Short-horn race .'' our previous narrative has clearly 
 shown they were not. At the outset of their career as breeders they 
 found the Short-horns, or Teeswaters, a valuable, profitable, and 
 highly approved, as well as established breed, in three or four differ- 
 ent counties of England, where, time immemorial, they had lived and 
 flourished ; and in whatever state of improvement over that of their 
 ancient progenitors they then existed, their improvement was not 
 made by the Collings. Therefore their claims to the early improve 
 ment may be dismissed without further discussion. 
 
 The next question : " Were they the chief improvers " of the Short- 
 horns of their own day ? If improved at all during their career is 
 now the question to be examined. We have seen that when the 
 Collings commenced business various breeders in their vicinity had 
 excellent cattle. All, or nearly all, the bulls anterior to their time 
 
THE COLLINGS AS IMPROVERS. 57 
 
 which the English Herd Book has recorded have been mentioned, 
 and many of the chief points and excellencies, as well as defects of 
 their animals, have been noticed, and every bull and every cow to 
 which the CoUings traced their best or choicest blood in animals of 
 their own breeding were bred by others, and not by themselves. 
 That it was a master stroke of sagacity, as well as policy, in their 
 collecting some of the best cattle to be found on which to base their 
 herds will be conceded ; for having the tools in their hands the value 
 of their workmanship in the use of them could best be judged. 
 
 Let us follow (although it may be repeating a portion of what we 
 have already stated) the course of the Collings somewhat in detail, 
 for it is only in details that accurate results can be gathered. In the 
 year 1784 Charles bought the Stanwick, or original Duchess cow 
 from the estate of the Duke of Northumberland in Yorkshire. The 
 cow Haughton (by Hiibback) he soon afterwards bought from Mr. 
 Hall; and in 1786 or '87, he bought "favorite, or Lady Maynard," 
 and her daughter, "Young Strawberry," from Mr. Maynard. Here 
 were four prime cows to start with, and from which most of his 
 animals on which his chief reputation was acquired descended. In 
 1784 he bought the bull Hubback from his brother Robert and Mr. 
 Waistell, neither of whom hred him. In the pages of Vol. i, E. H. 
 B., are found some animals bred by Colling having a double cross of 
 Hubback ; but as he did not keep the bull more than two years, not 
 giving time enough to put him to his own daughters, except as the 
 latter were yearlings, it is not probable that he had that double cross 
 in his own breeding. Aside from this we have the authority of the 
 late Thomas Bates, who was familiar with CoUing's whole course of 
 breeding, that he made no such second cross in any heifer bred by 
 himself. Of course, if he had cows with a double cross of Hubback 
 in their blood he must have obtained them from other parties, of 
 which we may suppose there may have been several in the neighbor- 
 hood, as the bull had been freely used in getting calves, as before 
 stated, at a shilling each. Thus he had an early infusion of Hubback 
 blood. Next to Hubback he'used Foljambe,* out of the cow Haugh- 
 ton, and she by Hubback, thus combining the Hubback blood through 
 Foljambe more closely in his herd. Colling bred a heifer, by Hub- 
 back, out of the Duchess (Stanwick) cow, but we have no record of 
 a female by Hubback out of either Lady Maynard or her daughter. 
 Young Strawberry; but out of Lady Maynard he bred the cow 
 
 • Got by Barker's (Richard)- bull (52)1 "Dickey Barker's black nose," previously mentioned. 
 
S8 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Phoenix, by Foljambe, and out of Young Strawberry (daughter to 
 Lady Maynard, and half sister to Phoenix) he bred the bull Boling- 
 broke (88), also by Foljambe. Then Bolingbroke was bred to his 
 more than half sister, and aunt. Phoenix, producing Favorite (252), 
 and then this Favorite put to Phoenix (his own mother, and more 
 closely related, if possible), produced the cow Young Phoenix, and 
 she in turn being bred to Favorite, her own sire (brother and all 
 other sorts of close relationship), produced Comet (155), a bull 
 individually more admired than any other one of his day. 
 
 This system of interbreeding Charles Colling pursued, or as closely 
 to it as possible, with all the best families in his herd. He had 
 selected his original animals with an eye to particular models of 
 excellence. He could not find a finished model in any one animal 
 of his original selections. They had various points of excellence, as 
 veil as some defects, and his object was to get rid of their defects 
 and combine their excellencies into the younger stock so as to create 
 a uniformity of character as near his own standard of perfection as 
 possible. He had in the bull Favorite, got as much of the blood of 
 his cow Lady Maynard, and through Foljambe of Hubback's, as 
 was probably possible to obtain, and he bred from Favorite more 
 or less for thirteen years, as long as he was useful. 
 
 Let it be borne in mind that Colling acted on the axiom that blood, 
 in order to be most useful in perpetuating its good qualities in breed- 
 ing, must be concentrated as closely as possible in the veins of the 
 breeding animals, as only through such concentration of blood could 
 its individual properties and character be transmitted with absolute 
 certainty to their progeny. ^ Thus the choicest of the Colling cattle 
 had a uniformity of type which so far, provided their qualities were 
 good, was a decided improvement in them, beyond those animals 
 which had been miscellaneously bred from different bulls having no 
 blood relations with each other, or with the cows to which they were 
 bred, thus striking out into various incongruities of character, and 
 transmitting their own qualities, even if of the best kind, with no 
 certainty to their offspring. :;, Robert bred under the same system as 
 did Charles ; but it is unnecessary to follow his herd with the same 
 particularity of detail, as several of his best have already been 
 noticed. Many pages of Vol. i, E. H. B., would have to be quoted 
 to illustrate their breeding. 
 
 As both the Collings were considerable breeders, it is not to be 
 supposed that all their cattle were so closely interbred. They fre- 
 quently bought good cows from other breeders, even after their own 
 
THE COLLINGS EARLY CATTLE. $g 
 
 choice tribes were established ; these cows they bred to their best 
 bulls, and sold their produce to different breeders, so that the Herd 
 Book, not originating until 1822, some years after they had both 
 given up cattle breeding, does not represent all the animals of their 
 herds. Their stock, outside of the choicest families, were not uni- 
 form in either their several qualities, or individual merits. But 
 having prime animals of their best families, those gave them their 
 reputation as leading breeders, or improvers of the Short-horn race. 
 
 Comparing the various characteristics of the most notfed cattle in 
 the Colling herds let us see what was said of them by their con- 
 temporaries : 
 
 Lady Maynard, red roan, is described as a beautiful cow, and her 
 daughter, Young Strawberry, color not given, as having much of 
 her character. 
 
 Hubback was yellow red with little white, a smooth, small bull 
 and the quality of his flesh, hide and hair, seldom equaled ; head 
 good ; horns small and fine ; breast forward ; handling firm ; shoulders 
 rather upright ; girth good ; loins, body and sides fair ; rumps and hips 
 extraordinary ; flank and twist wonderful. His dam a beautiful little 
 cow, and became so fat by running in the lanes of Darlington that 
 she would not afterwards breed and was slaughtered. She — the dam 
 of Hubback — was got by Banks' bull, of Hurworth (not in the Herd 
 Book), and he. Banks' bull, had a great belly. The grand dam of 
 Hubback, on the dam's side, was bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton 
 Snowdon's bull (626), sire of Hubback, was out of a daughter of a 
 cow bought from the same Mr. Stephenson. 
 
 The cow Haughton (dam of Foljambe), yellow red and white (got 
 by Hubback), her dam by John Bamlet's bull (not in Herd Book), 
 gr. d. by Waistell's bull (669), g. gr. d. Tripes, bred by C. Pickering. 
 We find no description of her. Charles Colling afterwards bought 
 Bamlet's bull, from which fact we presume he was possessed of excel- 
 lent qualities. 
 
 Foljambe, "white, with a few red spots, and a dark nose; handle 
 good ; wide back ; dark face ; a large, strong bull ; a useful, big, bony, 
 thick beast of great substance." 
 
 Duchess (the Stanwick cow), " Charies Colling bought 14th June, 
 1784, for ;£i3 (|6s), a massive, short-legged cow; breast near the 
 ground ; a great grower, with wide back, and of a beautiful yellowish 
 flaked red color."* Colling himself said that "she was better than 
 
 * Mr. Bates, in Bell's History. 
 
6o HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 any he ever produced from her, though put to his best bulls, which 
 improved all other cattle." She was bred to Hubback. The pro- 
 duce was a heifer, and from her the present tribe of (Bates') 
 Duchesses, on the female side, are descended. 
 
 Cherry, a fine cow, bought at Yarm Fair, by his father, also came 
 into Charles CoUing's possession, and from her he bred his " Cherry " 
 tribe. We have no description of her. 
 
 It was conceded by a company of old breeders in 1812, in discuss- 
 ing the question of the improvement of Short-horns, that no stock 
 of Mr. CoUing's breeding ever equaled Lady Maynard,* the dam of 
 Phoenix, and grand dam of Favorite (252). Robert Colling told Mr. 
 Wiley that his brother's and his own cattle were never better than 
 anybody else's until his brother Charles got Maynard's two cows. 
 
 From the above descriptions and opinions of breeders at the time, 
 it will be seen that there was little uniformity in the character of 
 the CoUing's original stock, and if they afterwards acquired a uni- 
 form excellence in their several herds — which, no doubt, to a con- 
 siderable extent they did — ^it was by persistence in their course of 
 in-and-in breeding, which has been described. 
 
 So much has been said of the bull Favorite (252), into whose blood 
 more good Short-horns of the present time trace a portion of their 
 lineage than any other bull of his day, that we give his description. 
 His color was light roan. " Mr. Coates thought him a large beast, 
 with a fine, bold eye, body down, low back, and other parts very 
 good. Mr. Waistell said Favorite was a grand beast, very large and 
 open, had a fine brisket, with a good coat, and as good a handler as 
 ever was felt." 
 
 " His (Favorite's) dam Phoenix was a large, open-boned cow, and 
 coarser than her dam — 'the beautiful Lady Maynard' — partaking 
 more of her sire's (Foljambe) character. Favorite, the son, partook 
 more of his dam's (Phcenix) character, and possessed remarkably 
 good loins, long and level hind quarters ; his shoulder points stood 
 wide, and were somewhat too coarse, and too forward in the neck, 
 and his horns, in comparison with Hubback's, were long and strong. 
 His sire, Bolingbroke (86), was by Foljambe, out of Young Straw- 
 berry (daughter of Lady Maynard). In color he was red, with a 
 little white, and the best bull George Coates ever saw. Favorite 
 
 * The judgments of men are sometimes fallible. We think there must be some error in this 
 statement, for it is evident that the stock produced from her would not have held so high a 
 reputation had they not exhibited some particular qualities above those which their ancestry 
 possessed. — L. F. A. 
 
THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 6l 
 
 (352), born in 1793, died in 1809, was used indiscriminately upon his 
 own offspring, even in the third generation." Yes, even to the fifth 
 and sixth generations in some one or two prominent instances. 
 
 As Phoenix, the dam of Favorite, has been partially described in 
 connection with her son, her measurement is here given : 
 
 Height 4 feet 8 inches. Length of quarter, . i foot 9 inches. 
 
 Width of hip, 2 " 2X " Length of back, .. . 5 " iH " 
 
 Width of loin i " 7« " Girth at chime, 7 " x " 
 
 Girth of shank ^}i " Girth at neck 3 " 2X " 
 
 The Galloway Cross — Rev. Henry Berry's Youatt History. 
 
 We now arrive at an episode in Short-shorn annals — ^no less than 
 the introduction of the notorious "Alloy" admixture, through the 
 blood of a Scotch Galloway cow, into the herd of Charles Colling. 
 As this incident in its partial detail at the hands of Mr. Berry has 
 given rise to an altogether erroneous idea of the origin of the "im- 
 proved" Short-horns, and created a belief, or supposition, that the 
 present type of Short-horn excellence is of recent date, or about the 
 year 1800, through an admixture of "Galloway" blood with th2 
 ancient race, a full history of the matter will be given. 
 
 In the first volume E. H. B., Rev. Henry Berry, of Acton Rectory, 
 Worcestershire, Eng., is recorded as in the years 1821 and '22, the 
 breeder of two animals, the bull Pirate (500), and a heifer, called 
 Rebecca. The dam of the bull was bred by Mr. Hustler, and traces 
 back into the stock of Robert Colling ; the dam of the heifer was 
 bred by Mr. Wright, of Cleasby. To these he afterwards added other 
 Animals, and became, to a moderate extent, a Short-horn breeder. 
 In addition to his clerical and cattle breeding duties he appears to 
 have been somewhat addicted to controversy, and engaged in dis- 
 cussing the relative merits between the Short-horn and Hereford 
 breeds of cattle as feeding or flesh-producing animals, in which he 
 advocated the Short-horns. To substantiate their claims he wrote a 
 pamphlet entitled 
 
 " Improved Short-horns, and Their Pretentions Stated, 
 BEtNG an Account of this Celebrated Breed of Cattle, 
 Derived from Autheneic Sources." The first edition was issued 
 in the year 1824. 
 
 From the rather ambitious title of his pamphlet one would suppose 
 that an elaborate history would be given. Instead of any such, 
 he gave less than eleven pages in large, open type slightly alluding 
 
62 HISTORY OF THE gHORT-HORNS. 
 
 to the Short-horns and their characteristics, as an ancient race, with 
 the names of a few noted early bulls owned and used by Charles 
 Colling; about eighteen pages, enumerating the weights of various 
 bullocks, cows and heifers, fed for slaughter ; a list of eleven extra- 
 ordinary milk cows owned by Jonas Whitaker, of Otley, in Yorkshire 
 (the cows derived mainly from the stocks of Robert and Charles 
 Colling), and closing with extracts from the lists of the great herd 
 sales of the two Ceilings in 1810 and 1818. These, with three 
 or four additional pages of miscellaneous matter, fill the history. 
 The remainder of the pamphlet is devoted to the Hereford contro- 
 versy, which is now of little consequence. 
 
 This pamphlet was reprinted in 1830, being a copy of the other, 
 with no particular alteration beyond an additional preface. We 
 might quote at large from Berry's pamphlet, but as his historical 
 matter is nothing more than a condensation of previous history which 
 we have already related in much more extended remark, it is unnec- 
 essary here to repeat it. The weights of cattle, also, which he gives, 
 although proving their great size, ripe points, good feeding qualities 
 and early maturity, are not extraordinary, compared with those of 
 a later period. The main drift of his account aims to establish 
 Charles Colling as the master-spirit of his day in " improving" the 
 Short-horn race of cattle, and to publish the fact of such improve- 
 ment to the world, and also distinguish Mr. Whitaker, from whose 
 herd he (Berry) had become a considerable purchaser, as Colling's 
 principal successor in Short-horn breeding and excellence. 
 
 In 1834, ten years after Berry's first pamphlet (in 1824), an elab- 
 orate work entitled "Cattle, their Breeds, Management and 
 Diseases," purporting to give a history of the various races and 
 breeds of neat cattle belonging to the British Islands, was published 
 in London. This was edited under the superintendence of "The 
 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge," of which the late 
 Lord Brougham was th6 head. The work was compiled by William 
 Youatt, a veterinary surgeon, of Middlesex Hospital, London, a man 
 of ability, and in his profession, of extended repute. The historical 
 matter of his book was drawn from various sources through indi- 
 vidual correspondents in different parts of the kingdom. In addition 
 to that were added several hundred pages on "Management and 
 Diseases," rendering it a work, with some exceptions, of standard 
 English authority on the subjects of which it treated — particularly 
 those parts which Youatt had closely studied, and with which he was 
 professionally familiar. 
 
THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 63 
 
 In the "Short-horn" history of his book Youatt, himself, seems to 
 have taken but little part. He jobbed that portion of it out to 
 Mr. Berry, who, in its compilation hiade it quite a different narrative 
 from that which his previous pamphlet contained. Much that was 
 in his pamphlet history is omitted, and much that was not in the 
 pamphlet is added in the Youatt history. In the latter Charles 
 Colling still holds the chief place as a breeder and improver — a few 
 other names are slightly mentioned ; but Whitaker, with whom it is 
 said he had had a difference since the pamphlet was published, is not 
 mentioned at all. Berry at that time was also possessed of some of 
 the "Alloy " blood, or Galloway cross, originally introduced by Charles 
 Colling, of which he makes prominent mention, and that cross he 
 asserted was the grand feature of " improvement " in the Short-horn 
 race which he now claimed that Colling had established. 
 
 As this pretended improvement to which so much importance is 
 ascribed by Berry, was the sheerest fallacy, we shall lay it before the 
 reader. In the year 1791, after Charles Colling had been ten years a 
 Short-horn breeder, and got his choicest Short-horn families well 
 established, one of his neighbors, Colonel O'Callaghan, purchased 
 two Scotch Galloway, hornless heifers, and brought to his farm. 
 He agreed with Colling to have the heifers served to his bull 
 Bolingbroke (86), with the understanding that if the calves were 
 bulls. Colling was to have them; if heifers, O'Callaghan was to retain 
 them. One of these heifers, red in color, dropped a red and white 
 roan bull calf, in the year 1792, which immediately became the prop- 
 erty of Colling. The other calf was a heifer, which was kept by 
 O'Callaghan. Colling had an aged Short-horn cow, " Old Johanna," 
 bred by himself, of moderate quality, got by " Lame bull " (358), bred 
 by Robert Colling. That is all which is given of her pedigree, no 
 dam being mentioned. Yet Lame bull had two crosses of Hubback 
 (319) in him, and his great grand dam was by James Brown's red 
 bull (97), so far giving him an excellent pedigree. Old Johanna not 
 having bred a calf for two years, was put to this Son of Bolingbroke 
 (from the Galloway heifer), when a yearling, and he got her in calf 
 The produce was another bull calf, in 1794; Grandson of Bolingbroke 
 ^280), red and white in color, which Colling also kept, being three- 
 fourths Short-horn and one-fourth Galloway blood. CoUing's cow 
 Phoenix, the dam of Favorite (252), had become somewhat aged, and 
 not having had a calf since the birth of Favorite in 1793 or '94 (for 
 both those dates are given with his pedigree in the English Herd 
 Book: but Mr. Bates states it was in October, 1793, that he was bom); 
 
64 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 although put to good bulls and not breeding, as a last resort she was 
 coupled to this Grandson of Bolingbroke, when a yearling, in 1795, 
 and by him she had a red and white heifer calf in the year 1796. 
 This calf Colling called " Lady." She had one-eighth part Galloway 
 blood. Proving a very good one. Colling reared this heifer, and at 
 maturity bred her successively to his bulls Favorite (25*)) ^^''^ ^^'^ 
 brother; Cupid (177), otherwise closely related to her; and to Comet 
 (155), still more closely related. She produced the heifers Countess, 
 one-sixteenth Galloway, by Cupid; and Laura, also one-sixteenth 
 Galloway, by Favorite, both of which proved fine cows. Her bull 
 calves were Washington (674), one-sixteenth Galloway, by Favorite ; 
 also Major (397), one-sixteenth; George (276), one-sixteenth; and 
 Sir Charles (592), one-sixteenth Galloway, the three last ones by 
 Comet (15s). 
 
 The two "Alloy" bulls, " O'Callaghan's Son of Bolingbroke " (469), 
 and "Grandson of Bolingbroke " (280), as well as the cows Lady, and 
 her daughters Countess and Laura, and some of their descendants, 
 many years after Colling had sold them, were recorded in Vol. i, E. 
 H. B., with their Galloway crosses distinctly given. 
 
 Such, through a single cross only in a Galloway cow, is the origin 
 of Berry's celebrated "Alloy" improvement, on the female side of 
 which the cow " Lady," only one-eighth of that blood (never breed- 
 ing back, either by herself or her descendants, to the Galloway again, 
 but on Short-horn blood continuously thereafter), was the sole 
 founder. 
 
 In review of this whole matter which Mr. Berry has worked up, 
 through the Galloway cross in the cow Lady and her progeny, as a 
 deliberate plan for improvement by Colling on the blood and quality 
 of the Short-horns, we think it simply an accident. " Old Johanna " 
 had apparently ceased breeding — not having dropped a calf for two 
 years ; and Son of Bolingbroke, in the failure of Colling's better bulls 
 to effect it, was used to restore her to fertility. It was under like 
 circumstances with the cow Phoenix. Although she had brought 
 several calves, and then ceased to breed from his best bulls. Colling 
 required further use of her, and as a^ last resort, put her to the 
 Grandson of Bolingbroke. This connection producing a calf (Lady), 
 he then put her to her own son, Favorite, and Young Phoenix, the 
 future dam of Comet (155), was the produce. If Colling really 
 intended the improvement, why did he not, after she had produced 
 Lady, again put her to the bastard to continue his improvement? 
 
THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 65 
 
 We think he would surely have done so, if he had any faith in such 
 a process. 
 
 Again : as to the real " improvement " claimed by Mr. Berry in 
 the best of the Colling blood. The year 1796 was the earliest date 
 in which Grandson of Bolingbroke had any produce (that being the 
 year in which Lady was born), and none of his blood could have 
 gone into any stock previous to that time, as the " Grandson " was 
 discarded after his service to Phcenij;. We hear no more of his 
 produce afterwards. There was no public Herd Book then ; nothing 
 but Colling's own private record to show Lady's lineage ; nor, as we 
 shall soon show, did the public then, or even at the sale in 1810, 
 fourteen years afterwards, positively know the fact. These things all 
 put together fully prove, as we think, that Mr. Berry got up the story 
 of the Galloway bastard's pretended improvement to answer a purpose 
 of his own. 
 
 Colling's best bulls were used in each cross on " Lady," and her 
 female produce. Countess and Laura, and their female progeny, so 
 that Youatt, in a foot note to Berry's exalted estimate of the good 
 quality of " Lady," remarks : " The dam of Lady was also the dam 
 of the bull Favorite; and as the Grandson of Bolingbroke is not 
 known to have been the sire of any other remarkably good animal, 
 it is most probable that the unquestionable merit of Lady and her 
 descendants is to be attributed more to her dam than to her sire.'' 
 
 In the year 18 10 Charles Colling made a public sale of his herd 
 and retired from breeding, having realized a fortune sufficiently ample 
 for the residue of his days. A more extended account of this sale 
 will be given in subsequent pages, as we wish now to follow the 
 "Alloy " blood until it passed out of his hands. The account is taken 
 from the (English) Times, of Friday, October 19, 18 10. The prices 
 and purchasers' names of the "Alloy,'' as reported at the sale, are 
 here quoted : 
 
 Lady [by Grandson of Bolingbroke, one-eighth Galloway], 14 years 
 old, to C. Wright, Cleasby, Yorkshire, 206 guineas ($1,071). 
 
 Countess [daughter of Lady, one-sixteenth Galloway], by Cupid, 
 to Major B. Rudd, 400 guineas ($2,080). 
 
 Laura [daughter of Lady, one-sixteenth Galloway], by Favorite, 4 
 years old, to Mr. Grant, Lincolnshire, 210 guineas ($1,092). 
 
 Selina [daughter of Countess above, and one-thirty-second part 
 Galloway], by Favorite, 5 years old, to Sir H. C. Ibbotson. Denton 
 Park, Yorkshire, 200 guineas ($1,040). 
 
 5 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Cora [daaghter of Countess above, and one-thirty-second part 
 Galloway], by Favorite, 4 years old, to G. Johnson, Yorkshire, 70 
 guineas ($364). 
 
 Major (397) [son of Lady, above, and one-sixteenth part Gallo- 
 way], by Comet (155), to Mr. Grant, Lincolnshire, 200 guineas 
 ($1,040). 
 
 Alexander (22) [son of Cora, above, and one-sixty-fourth part 
 Galloway], by Comet (155), i year old, to W. C. Fenton, 63 guineas 
 ($328). 
 
 Young. Favorite (254) [a calf, and son of Countess, above, and 
 one-thirty-second part Galloway], by Comet, to P. Skipworth, Lin- 
 colnshire, 140 guineas ($728). 
 
 George (276) [before mentioned, a calf, and a son of Lady, by 
 Comet, and one-sixteenth part Galloway], to Mr. Walker, Yorkshire, 
 130 guineas ($676). 
 
 Young Laura [daughter of Laura, by Comet, and one-thirty-second 
 part Galloway], 2 years old, to Earl of Lonsdale, loi guineas ($525). 
 
 Young Countess [daughter of Countess, by Comet, and one-thirty- 
 second part Galloway], 2 years old, to Sir H. C. Ibbotson, 206 guineas 
 ($1,071). 
 
 Lucilla [calf, daughter of Laura, by Comet, and one-thirty-second 
 part Galloway], to Mr. Grant, 106 guineas ($551). 
 
 Calista [calf, daughter of Cora, by Comet, and one-sixty-fourth 
 part Galloway], to Sir Henry Vane Tempest, Durham, 50 guineas 
 
 ($250)- 
 
 These thirteen animals are all we find of the " Alloy " blood in 
 
 that celebrated sale, and the prices which they brought, are most of 
 them extraordinary in comparison to those for the other thirty-four 
 pure Short-horns sold at the same time. The entire lot of thirteen 
 females, sold for $10,816, or an average of $832 each. But, when it 
 is recollected that these Alloys had only a small fraction of Gallo- 
 way blood in them, and were got by Colling's best bulls, and far 
 above the others xa. flesh (the "Alloys" being very moderate milkers), 
 and most of them sold to the newer breeders who were taken by the 
 good looks of the animals, the high prices will be readily accounted 
 for. 
 
 Let us now see what was afterwards said of the Galloway or 
 "Alloy" cross. "Mr. Mason (a noted Short-horn breeder) stated 
 that he did not recollect any experienced breeder who made an offer 
 for the mixed breed, and he was sure that if Charles Colling had not 
 made that mistake, his stock at Ketton would have sold for some 
 
THE GALLOWAY CROSS. 67 
 
 thousand pounds more. This was read by Col. Mellish at the King's 
 Head (tavern), Darlington, and caused great consternation in the 
 neighborhood, as the catalogue did not mention any particulars of 
 the breeding of Grandson of Bolingbroke." [It will be remembered 
 that the first volume E. H. B., containing the pedigrees of Short- 
 horn cattle was not published until 1822, twelve years after the sale.] 
 " Many were disappointed, and others said if they had known of the 
 transaction they would not have purchased. Mr. Robert Colling 
 also told Mr. Wiley that he had no doubt it was quite a thousand 
 pounds ($5,000) loss to his brother having the Alloy blood in his 
 herd." 
 
 So much, therefore, for Mr. Berry's pretended "improvement " of 
 the Short-horns by Charles Colling in his breeding, rearing and 
 selling thirteen animals only of this GaiUoway cross at the final sale 
 of his herd. He might, possibly, previous to the sale have bred other 
 animals of that cross, but as it appears that the " Alloy " blood was 
 little known out of his own neighborhood, if he did breed others, 
 they might have been sold by him, and neither their names nor the 
 names of their produce ever got into the Herd Books. 
 
 To show even Coll-ing's estimate of the value of the "Alloys," he 
 never put Grandson of Bolingbroke to any superior cow, except 
 Phoenix, the dam of Lady (and probably would not have used him 
 with her, if she would have bred to his other bulls, which she would not). 
 Nor did he use any Alloy bull, except Lady's first calf, Washington 
 (694). He only put him one season, to three or four cows, and they 
 produced nothing of any prominent value. " The Alloy blood was 
 confined to Lady, her daughters, and the produce of her daughters ; 
 nor did he suffer it to run into any other of his choice tribes. The 
 Alloys were deficient in milk, which always kept them in good con- 
 dition, and being round and plump in fornl, with fine hair, those 
 qualities, in spite of their slight fraction of Galloway blood, while 
 their Short-horn blood being of the very best, sold them so well. 
 Nor were the prices the Alloy family brought equal to some other 
 families. The Alloys averaged about 160 guineas; the Phcenix fam- 
 ily, including Comet, 491 guineas (without Comet, 237 guineas); 
 and the Daisy family 175 guineas." The best breeders did not touch 
 the Alloys. 
 
 Berry winds up his account with a triumphant flourish over this 
 final sale of Charles Colling, in which the Alloys sold at such good 
 prices, and as a consequence, claimed that the Galloway cross was 
 an actual improvement in the original Short-horn blood. But it 
 
68 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 must be remembered that Berry was a partisan, was breeding the 
 Alloy blood in his own herd, and so states the fact, besides illustrating 
 one of his Alloy cows by a portrait in the Youatt history. No new 
 revelations had been made to him of the merits of that blood 
 since first publishing his pamphlet (ten years previous to his Youatt 
 story), in which the Galloway is not mentioned. In view of the 
 whole matter, we are forced to conclude that Berry's claim of the 
 Alloy improvement on the Short-horn blood and quality, was simply 
 a fancy of his own. Had Youatt understood the truth of that pre- 
 tended history and its unfounded assumptions, he would never have 
 given it a place in his book. 
 
 Yet there being no other Short-horn history befo/e the public than 
 his, and so many years had elapsed since the transaction, it was 
 widely copied by almost every subsequent writer on Short-horn cattle, 
 both in England and America, and has been so often repeated in 
 agricultural periodicals, and other papers, that the great majority of 
 cattle breeders, on both sides the Atlantic, have, until a recent period, 
 believed it. There are few well-bred Short-horns now living which 
 have more than a remote dash of the " Alloy " blood in their veins ; 
 and what they possess is so minute in quantity as not to be discov- 
 erable to their detriment. 
 
 We have given more space to this pretended " improvement " than 
 it deserves, and but for the belief, so generally prevalent, of its trutn, 
 should hardly have mentioned it. Yet, honest history should be 
 vindicated. ' It is but candid, however, to say, that in the remote 
 earlier breeding of the Short-horns, stealthy crosses with other breeds 
 are known to have been made ; but they are now so distant in time, 
 and as no " improvement " upon the original Short-horn blood has 
 been claimed for any such possible crosses, they need not be made a 
 subject of remark. Alien crosses, in ages back, have been traced in 
 the blood, or turf horse of England, either on the " cold " blooded 
 native mares of the (jountry, or with selected foreign ones of the 
 neighboring continent; but so many pure bred crosses of English, 
 Arabian, or Barb stallions have since intervened, that the well-authen- 
 ticated pedigrees of modern date are acknowledged by recprd in the 
 English Stud Books. And so with all our modern Short-horn cattle 
 which can trace their pedigrees into the records of the earlier volumes 
 of the English, and from them into the American Herd Books. All 
 are " Herd Book " animals ; but those who prefer to run pedigrees back 
 to their remotest sources, will make their selections of those strains 
 of blood which best suit their genealogical preferences. 
 
CHARLES COLLING'S FINAL SALE. 69 
 
 Animal physiology is so critical, and so subtle a science, and the 
 laws of descent are so various in their operation, sometimes striking 
 back into the characteristics of a distant ancestor deficient in good 
 quality, and reproducing an almost exact likeness, that those who 
 aim at the highest style of perfection in their animals will scrutinize 
 closely the strains of blood through which they have descended. We 
 cannot but consider that Mr. Berry, in his exaltation of the Galloway 
 cross, has done a decided injury to the Short-horn interest by striv- 
 ing to inculcate the belief that this noble race may be improved by 
 crosses outside of their own blood, thus misleading inexperienced 
 breeders, who, if they practiced on his' teaching, would adopt a 
 wretched system of bastardy to stain the finest breed of cattle which 
 the world has produced. 
 
 Charles Colling's Final Sale of His Herd. 
 
 Tracing the brothers Colling through their breeding career from 
 the year 1780 to 1810 with Charles, and to 1818 and 1820 with 
 Robert, a period of thirty years with one, and forty years with the 
 other, we have witnessed their sagacity in selecting the best stock 
 obtainable from the herds of the earlier breeders in their vicinity, as 
 the foundation of their own. They bred and reared them in the best 
 manner, adopting a system begun by Bakewell, whom they appear to 
 have taken as a model for their own future practice. Finding it suc- 
 cessful they then had the enterprise to make the Short-horn race, 
 previously confined to their own secluded locality, known throughout 
 the richest agricultural portions of the kingdom ;. and through ani- 
 mals of their own breeding, made themselves supposed the leading 
 or master-spirits in their production. Each had been successful in 
 his vocation, working in concert, and interchanging, to more or less 
 extent, their bulls in the service of each other's herds. They orig- 
 inated the system of letting bulls for the season to other breeders at 
 roundly paying prices, and as a consequence sold many of them, as 
 well as females, at values hitherto unparalleled in amount. 
 
 Enjoying the prestige of success and reputation, in the month of 
 October, 1810, Chartes Colling made a public sale of his herd at 
 Ketton, and retired from breeding. It was then the heyday of 
 agricultural prosperity in the British Islands. England had engaged 
 in the continental wars of Europe against the first Napoleon ; specie 
 payments had been many years suspended by her banks, and at 
 the national treasury; prices of agricultural produce were highly 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 inflated, and so far as pounds, shillings and pence then rated — 
 probably quite double to what they were ten years afterwards — the 
 sums which were bid for liis cattle were both unprecedented and 
 enormous. 
 
 The approaching sale was well advertised, and its results marked 
 an era in Short-hom history. An account of it was given in " The 
 Times" of Friday, October 19, 1810, as previously stated. It is of 
 such historical interest, and so many of our modern Short-horns run 
 their genealogies back into some of the cattle of that sale that the 
 entire list is quoted. The numbers to the bulls, subsequently inserted 
 in Vol. 1, E. H. B., are here added. The Alloys are repeated in the 
 list, and marked thus * : 
 
 COWS. 
 
 Lot. Guineas. 
 
 1. Cherry, out of Old Cherry, by Favorite (252), 11 years old, dam of Peer- 
 
 ess (Lot 3), Mayduke (22), and Ketton (30). Bought by J. D. Nesham, 
 Haughton-le-Spring, Durham. Bulled by Comet 83 
 
 2. Kate, 4 years old, by Comet. J. Hunt, Morton, Durham. Bulled by 
 
 Mayduke 35 
 
 3. Peeress, 5 years old, out of Cherry, by Favorite ; dam of Cecil (36). 
 
 Major B. Rudd, Marton Lodge, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet 170 
 
 4. Countess,* g years old, out of Lady, by Cupid ; dam of Selina (5), Cora 
 
 (12), Young Favorite (31), Young Countess (40). Major B. Rudd. 
 Bulled by Comet .' 400 
 
 5. Selina,* out of Countess, by Favorite, 5 years old. Sir H. C. Ibbotson, 
 
 Bart., Denton Park, Yorkshire. Bulled by Petrarch 200 
 
 6. Johanna, out of Johanna, by Favorite, 4 years old. H. Witham, Cliff 
 
 Hall, Yorkshire. BuUed by Petrarch 130 
 
 7. Lady,* out of Old Phoenix, by Grandson of Bolingbroke (280), 14 years 
 
 old ; dam of Countess (4), Laura (8), Major (21), and George (32). C. 
 Wright, Cleasby, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet , 206 
 
 8. Laura,* out of Lady^ by Favorite, 4 years old ; dam of Young Laura (39), 
 
 and Lucilla (44). Grant, Wyham, Lincolnshire. Bulled by Comet. . . 210 
 
 9. Cathalene, out of a daughter of the dam of Phoenix, by Washington 
 
 (674), 8 years old ; dam of Charlotte (42). G. Coates for G. Parker, 
 Sutton House, Malton, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet 150 
 
 10. Lily, out of Daisy, by Comet, 3 years old ; dam of White Rose (46). 
 
 Major B. Rudd. Bulled by Mayduke 410 
 
 11. Daisy, out of Old Daisy, by a grandson of Favorite, out of Venus, 6 
 
 years old ; dam of Lily (10), and Sir Dimple (33). Major R. Bower, 
 Welham, Malton, Yorkshire. Bulled by Comet 140 
 
 12. Cora,* out of Countess, by Favorite, 4 years old ; dam of Alexander (27), 
 
 and Calista (45). G. Johnston, Hackness, near Scarborough, York- 
 shire. Bulled by Petrarch 70 
 
 13. Beauty, out of Miss Washington, by Marske (417), (a son of Favorite) 
 
 4 years old ; dam of Albion (35). C. Wright. Bulled by Comet 120 
 
CHARLES COLLING'S FINAL SALE. 71 
 
 Lot, Guineas. 
 
 14. Red Rose, out of Eliza, by Comet, 4 years old ; dam of Harold (29). 
 
 W. C. Fenton, Lovison, near Doncaster. Bulled by Mayduke 45 
 
 15. Flora, 3 years old, by Comet ; dam of Narcissus (34). R. Mowbray for 
 
 the Earl of Lonsdale, Bulled by Mayduke 70 
 
 16. Miss Peggy, 3 years old, by a son of Favorite (253), Hill for Oliver 
 
 Gascoigne, Parlington, Yorkshire, Bulled by Comet 60 
 
 17. Magdalene, 3 years old, by Comet, out of a heifer, by Washington ; 
 
 dam of Ossian (28). C. Champion, Blyth, near Doncaster. Bulled 
 
 by Comet 170 
 
 BULLS. 
 
 18. Comet (155), 6 years old, out of Phoenix, Wetherell, Trotter, Wright, 
 
 and Charge, near Darlington, Got by Favorite '. . looo 
 
 19. tfARBOROUGH (705), g years old, out of a daughter of Favorite, Greg- 
 
 son, Low Linn, Northumberland, Got by Cupid 55 
 
 20. Cupid (177), 11 years old, out of Venus, by a son of Favorite. Being 
 
 rather lame was not offered- for sale. 
 
 21. Major* (397), 3 years old, out of Lady, Grant. Got by Comet 200 
 
 22. Mayduke (424), 3 years old, out, of Cherry. Smithson, Got by Comet. 145 
 
 23. Petrarch (488), 2 years old, out of Venus, Major B. Rudd, Got by 
 
 Comet 365 
 
 24. Northumberland (464), 2 years old, out of a daughter of Favorite. 
 
 Buston, Cotham Stob, Durham, Got by Comet 80 
 
 25. Alfred {23), i year old, out of Venus. Thomas Robinson, Acklam, 
 
 Yorkshire. Got by Comet no 
 
 26. Duke (226), i year old, out of Duchess. Anthony Corapton, Carham 
 
 HaU, Northumberland. Got by Comet 105 
 
 27. Alexander* (22), i year old, out of Cora. W, C, Fenton, Got by Comet, 63 
 
 28. Ossian (476), i year old, out of Magdalene, R, Mowbray for the Earl 
 
 of Lonsdale, Got by Windsor (698) 76 
 
 29. Harold (290), i year old, out of Red Rose, Sir Lambtqn Loraine, 
 
 Bart., Kirk Harle, Northumberland. Got by Windsor 50 
 
 BULL CALVES, not one year Old. 
 
 30. Ketton (346), out of Cherry. Major R. Bower. Got by Comet 50 
 
 31. Young Favorite* (254), out of Countess. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Lin- 
 
 colnshire, Got by Comet 40 
 
 32. George (276),* out of Lady, Walker, Rotherham, Yorkshire. Got by 
 
 Comet 130 
 
 33. Sir Dimple (594), out of Daisy, T, Lax, Ravensworth, Yorkshire, Got 
 
 by Comet 90 
 
 34. Narcissus (447), out of Flora, C. Wright, Cleasby. Got by Comet. . . 15 
 
 35. Albion (14), out of Beauty. T. Booth, Killerby, Durh,am, Got by 
 
 Comet 60 
 
 36. Cecil (120), out of Peeress, H. Strickland, Boynton, Yorkshire. Got 
 
 by Comet 170 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 HEIFERS. 
 Lot. Gaineas, 
 
 37 Phcebe, 3 years old, by Comet, dam by Favorite. Sir H. C. Ibbotson, 
 
 Bart. Bulled by a son of Comet I05 
 
 38. Young Duchess, 2 years old, by Comet, dam by Favorite. T. Bates, 
 
 Halton Castle, Northumberland. Bulled by a son of Comet 183 
 
 39. Young Laura,* 2 years old, by Comet, out of Laura. R. Mowbray for 
 
 the Earl of Lonsdale. Bulled by Comet 101 
 
 40. Young Countess,* 2 years old, by Corpet, out of Countess. Sir H. C. 
 
 Ibbotson, Bart. Bulled by Comet 206 
 
 41. Lucy, 2 years old, by Comet, dam by Washington. C. Wright. Bulled 
 
 by Comet 132 
 
 42. Charlotte, i year old, by Comet, out of Cathalene. T. Sale for R. 
 
 Colling, Barmpton, Durham. Bulled by Petrarch 136 
 
 43. Johanna, i year old, by Comet, out of Johanna. George Johnston. 
 
 Bulled by Petrarch 35 
 
 HEIFER CALVES. 
 
 44. LuciLLA,* out of Laura. Grant. Got by Comet 106 
 
 45. Calista,* out of Cora. Sir H. V, Tempest, Wynyard, Durham. Got by 
 
 Comet SO 
 
 46. White Rose, out of Lily. H. Strickland, Boynton. Got by Yarbro'. 75 
 
 47. Ruby, out of Red Rose. Major R. Bower. Got by Yarbro' 50 
 
 48. Cowslip. R. Mowbray for the Earl of Lonsdale. Got by Comet 25 
 
 Summary. 
 
 29 Cows and Heifers, average, £^40 4s. 7d ;^4o56 13s. 
 
 18 Bulls and Calves, " i6g 8 o 3049 4 
 
 47 averaged ;f 15 1 8s. Xd. Total, £7115 i? 
 
 The guinea is 21 shillings sterling; and by calculating the pound 
 sterling (20s.) at $5, the sum in dollars which each animal sold for 
 can be easily ascertained. 
 
 It will here be seen that three-fourths of the 48 cattle enumerated 
 were got by the bulls Favorite (252), and Comet (155) his son; and 
 the other fourth by bulls of their get, and a large majority of the cows 
 were in calf to Comet, which fact, undoubtedly — so high was the rep- 
 utation of the bull — added much to their prices, notwithstanding 
 any prejudices existing against their intense in-and-in breeding. 
 
 We quote still further remarks relative to the sale from Thornton's 
 Circular, of April, 1869 : 
 
 " The sale was on a fine October day, and early in the morning 
 people rode and drove to Ketton, leaving their horses and gigs at the 
 adjoining farms ; all the strawyards were full, and the throng at the 
 
CHARLES COLLING'S FINAL SALE. 73 
 
 sale immense ; everything was eaten up, so that bread had to be sent 
 for into Darlington. Mr. Kingston, the auctioneer, sold the cattle by 
 the sand-glass, and in accordance with the custom of the time received 
 about five guineas for the business, the work of the sale falling more 
 on the owner than the auctioneer. The cattle were not fed up for 
 the sale, but kept naturally, and sold when they were in great condi- 
 tion from natural keep. 
 
 " The Ketton stock at this time is described by Mr. Wright as of 
 great size and substance, with fine, long hind quarters ; the space from 
 the hip to the rib was long and counteracted by a broad back and high, 
 round ribs. The shoulders of the males were upright, and the 
 knuckles, or shoulder pomts, large and coarse — a defect not so appa- 
 rent in the females. The general contour, or side view, was stately 
 and imposing, but their great superiority consisted in their extraor- 
 dinary inclination to fatten. On handling, the skin was loose and 
 pliant, and the feel under it remarkably mellow and kind. The color 
 was greatly varied ; red, red and white, roan, and also white being 
 found in the same kindred ; while in all cases of close affinity there 
 was a tendency to white, with red ears and spots. 
 
 " Many of the cows were excellent milkers, giving twelve full quarts 
 at a meal. Cherry, the first lot, was one of them, a plain cow in 
 color, red and a little white, Whose descendants are now in exist- 
 ence in the neighborhood of Stockton-on-Tees and Malton, Yorks. 
 Countess [Alloy] was undoubtedly the finest cow in the sale, but she 
 wanted hair and milk ; in character she came nearest ■ to Mason's 
 style, and her back and belly formed parallel lines. She produced 
 three heifers and the bull Constellation (163), in Major Rudd's pos- 
 session, and died in 1816. Selina [Alloy] had the style of her dam 
 Countess, but not her magnificent appearance ; she bred ten calves 
 at Denton Park, and her descendants in the ninth and tenth genera- 
 tions are still in existence at Siddington, Gloucestershire. Lady 
 lacked elegance, but had great substance and good hair ; in color she 
 was red and white. 
 
 "Lily, pure bred, sold to Major Rudd for 410 guineas ($2,152), a 
 splendid white cow, was the highest priced female, but did nothing in 
 Major Rudd's possession. Daisy, a small roan cow, but a grand 
 milker, was most fruitful with Major Bower; her dam,' Old Daisy, who 
 gave thirty-two quarts oft milk a day, had been sold to Mr. Hustler, 
 who bred Fairy from her, the ancestress of Rev. J. D. Jefferson's 
 Lady Abbesses. This Fairy was afterwards bought by Mr. Bates, 
 who reckoned her to be the finest specimen of quality imaginable ; 
 
74 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 she had a long, thick, downy coat, with a superb flesh underneath, 
 which, to a superficial observer, appeared hard, the cow being in 
 a rapidly advancing condition. Cora [Alloy], out of the 400 gs. 
 ($2,000) Countess, had a pretty red frame, but ugly cock horns, and 
 was re-sold to Major Bower, who bred ten calves from her. Magda- 
 lene was a little red cow, with a large bag and belly and short 
 quarters; although the dam of the celebrated red and white bull, 
 Blyth Comet (85), her only produce besides Ossian (476); she was 
 not first rate and wanted hair, yet when dry had a great propensity 
 to feed. 
 
 " The only cow that Charles Colling reserved was Magdalena [by 
 Comet, dam by Cupid], a great favorite and an extraordinary milker, 
 giving sixteen quarts twice a day. Mr. Whitaker prevailed upon 
 Charles Colling to let him have her ; the numerous and well known 
 ' Chaff' tribe is descended from this cow. 
 
 "Comet (155) was the great attraction of the sale, and his close 
 breeding [by Favorite (252), dam by Favorite (252), out of Favorite's 
 (252) dam], did not detract from his value or appearance. Charles 
 Colling declared him to be the best bull he ever bred or saw. He 
 was a beautiful light roan, dark [red] neck, with a fine masculine 
 head, broad and deep breast, shoulders well laid back, crops and 
 loins good, hind quarters long, straight, and well packed, thighs thick, 
 twist full and well let down, with nice straight hocks and hind legs. 
 He had fair sized horns, ears large and hairy, and a grandeur of style 
 and carriage that was indescribable.* It was admitted that no bull 
 so good had ever before been seen, and eminent breeders have since said 
 that they never again saw his equal. In one point, however, opinions 
 differed. Some few objected to his shoulders as not being good, or a 
 little too strong in the knuckles ; others asserted that he was there, as 
 in every other point, faultless. The near shoulder was slightly shrunk 
 in, apparently diseased, which may have arisen from a violent sprain 
 that he received when a calf. When brought into the ring, he was 
 put up at 600 guineas. Thomas Newton, a small dairyman at Bishop 
 Auckland, bid 850 guineas, and Mr. John Wright, standing beside 
 him, asked why he bid ? 'To take in cows at a good profit,' said he, 
 and whilst talking the glass f run out at 1000 guineas ($5,000), Mr. 
 John Hutton, of Marske, who was unable to get to the sale, bid 1600 
 
 * Comet's portrait is represented in frontispiece of 3d volume American Herd Book. — L. F. A. 
 
 t In those days it was a rule with the English stock auctioneers to sell by the hour or minute 
 glass — an article now little known. A given number of minutes was allowed for the bidding, and 
 when the sand run out the article on sale was struck off. — L. F. A. 
 
CHARLES COLLING'S FINAL SALE. 75 
 
 guineas for him, as well as Sir H. Vane Tempestj who was delayed, 
 and drove up just as the sale was finishing. Comet was located at 
 Cleasby, three miles from Darlington, and was kept in a small pad- 
 dock, with a loose box in the cornen The condition of purchase 
 was that the four buyers should send twelve cows each annually to 
 him, and Mr. Wright was to have one extra for his keep. Mr. Wright 
 died in the meantime, and Comet gradually sank, his body breaking 
 out into sores. Remus (550) is supposed to have been his last calf. 
 Miss Wright kept a man expressly to attend to Comet, and when the 
 bull died he was buried in the center of the paddock, and a chestnut 
 tree planted on his grave. The paddock is known as ' Comet's garth ' 
 [enclosure] to this day. Mr. Thornton, of Stapleton, purchased this 
 field, and the tree having grown to an enormous size, was grubbed up 
 on the 3d of February, 1865, and Comet's skeleton laid bare; his rib 
 bone measured 2 feet i inch, and the leg bone, knee to ankle joint, 9 
 inches to 5 inches circumference. Many ' of the other bones were 
 quite perfect, and the whole are -preserved in a glass case as a curi- 
 osity at Stapletqn, near Darlington. 
 
 " North Star (458), own brother to Comet, and a year younger, was 
 used and died at General Simpson's in Fifeshire ; he was a little lighter 
 in color, but fully as fine in quality, or perhaps rather thicker, though 
 not such a perfectly elegant animal as Comet. Young Phoenix, their 
 dam, only produced one other calf, a heifer, that died young. 
 
 " Major (397), a nice bull, but not particularly handsome, and of a 
 red and white color, begot much good stock in Lincolnshire for many 
 years. He was hired by Mr. John Charge, who bred Western Comet 
 (689) by him, out of Gentle Kitty. Western Comet was acknowl- 
 edged to be the best bull and finest stock getter ever brought into 
 Cumberland. He was used to his daughters and granddaughters, 
 and from this close alliance came the Wharfdale tribe, recently so 
 successful in Ireland. Petrarch (488) was a splendid looking bull, 
 but wanted hair, whilst Northumberland {464), who had big knuckles, 
 was used, like Ossian (476) in Westmoreland, for several seasons, 
 both becoming celebrated sires. Ketton (346) also showed strong 
 knuckles, and eventually went into Nottinghamshire. Albion (14) is 
 said to have done more good than any other bull used at Killerby 
 [Thomas Booth's]. Young Duchess, known afterwards as Duchess 
 ist [bought by Thomas Bates], was a fine red heifer, and developed 
 into a large, handsome cow, with a good deal of the elegance and 
 style of her sire Comet. She was never quite so splendid an animal 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 as her granddam the Duchess,* by the Daisy Bull (i86). Young 
 Countess, a thick, stylish, red heifer, was re-sold to Mr. Earnshaw, 
 and produced three calves, twin bulls, one of which was the cele- 
 brated bull Count (170), and a red and white heifer. She died from 
 a broken blood vessel in 1814." 
 
 In regard to floating rumors that Charles Colling had made use of 
 Kyloe blood in his herd, Colling himself, in a private letter to the 
 Rev. Henry Berry stated, " ' that Hutchinson was egregiously wrong in 
 charging the CoUings with an indiscriminate use of Kyloe blood.' 
 George Coates declared unequivocally that he never observed any- 
 thing in that stock designated pure Short-horns, that could induce 
 him for a moment to entertain a suspicion that the animals were 
 nearly or remotely allied to the Kyloe. Mr. Charge, as well as Mr. 
 Coates and C. Colling, always deemed Hubback (319) a pure Short- 
 horn ; and neither he nor his descendants, when put on cows of the 
 pure blood, begot any calves which denoted, in their features or 
 color, any other breed than the pure Short-horn. His stock had 
 capacious chests, prominent bosoms, thick mossy coats, mellow skins, 
 with a great deal of fine flesh spread equally over the whole carcass, 
 and were either red and white, yellow roans, or white. The produce 
 of the Alloy blood f increased in size, rotundity, and heavy flesh, but 
 afterwards seemed to lose their fine hair and milking properties. The 
 highest priced cows at the sale were those in the highest condition, 
 and they were mostly of the Alloy blood." 
 
 That sale finished the vocation of Charles Colling as a Short-horn 
 breeder. He lived in retirement twenty-six years afterwards, and 
 died in the year 1836, at the patriarchal age of 85 years, leaving 
 no children. 
 
 Robert Colling's Sale of 1818. 
 
 Eight years after the sale of Charles' herd, Robert Colling, in the 
 year 1818, made a partial sale of his herd, and in 1820 the closing 
 sale was made a few months after his death. At the time of his first 
 sale in 181 8, he had been before the public as a leading and prom- 
 inent breeder thirty-eight years, and at his final sale in 1820, forty 
 years. During all that time, like his brother Charles, he had been a 
 large seller of stock as well as considerable purchaser. He sold his 
 surplus animals to other breeders, through which the blood of many 
 
 * Frontispiece to Cows, Vol. 3, American Herd Book. — L. F. A. 
 t These, were all by thorough-bred bulls. — L. F. A. 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S SALE. 77 
 
 of his best animals were imparted to their herds, since become 
 famous. Like his brother Charles, wherever he had found a Well- 
 bred female whose superior good qualities pleased him, if it were pos- 
 sible, he also availed himself, by purchase, of her merits. 
 
 As with the sale of Charles in 1810, the widely advertised first, sale 
 of Robert in 1818, with a greater number of animals, brought a large 
 attendance of the most spirited breeders of England. It took place 
 on the 29th and 30th days of September. The following account of 
 the sale is given : 
 
 COWS. 
 
 Lot. Guineas. 
 
 1. Red Rose, 17 years old, by Favorite {252), dam by Ben (70), gr. d. by 
 
 Foljambe, g. gr. d. by Hubback. Having a complaint upon her, was 
 not offered for sale. 
 
 2. Moss Rose, n years old, by Favorite, dam lot i. Being not likely to 
 
 breed again, was not offered for sale. 
 
 3. Juno, i i years old, by Favorite, dam Wildair by Favorite, gr. d. by Ben, 
 
 g. gr. d. by Hubback, g. g. gr. d. by sire of Hubback, g. g. g. gr. d. 
 by Sir James Pennyman's bull, descended from the stock of the late 
 Sir W. St. Quintin, of Scampston. Bought by the Hon. J. B. Simpson, 
 Babworth, Nottinghamshire. Bulled by Lancaster (360) 78 
 
 4. Diana, own sister to lot 3. Lord Althorp, Wiseton, Nottinghamshire, 
 
 afterwards Earl Spencer. Bulled by Lancaster 73 
 
 5. Sally, ir years old, by Favorite, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite. 
 
 W. Smith, Dishley, Leicestershire 34 
 
 6. Charlotte, 9 years old, by Comet {155), dam (Cathalene). Bought at 
 
 the Ketton sale. F. Brown, Welbourn, Grantham, Lincolnshire. 
 Bulled by 3Iidas (435) 50 
 
 7. Wildair, 6 years old, by George (275), dam Wildair by Favorite, Sister 
 
 to lot 3. C. Duncombe, Duncombe Park, Yorks, afterwards Lord 
 Feversham. Bulled by Lancaster. 176 
 
 8. Lily, 6 years old, by North Star (459), dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favor- 
 
 ite, g. gr. d. by Favorite. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, Lincolnshire. 
 Bulled by Lancaster 66 
 
 9. Golden Pippin, 6 years old, by North Star, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by 
 
 Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favorite, from the cow that obtained the first 
 premium given at Darlington. W. Cattle (re-sold to Whitaker, 
 Greenholme, Otley). Bulled by Lancaster : 141 
 
 10. Blackwell, 6 years old, by Wellington (680), descended from the stock 
 
 of the late Mr. Hill. T. Hopper, Sherbum, Durham. Bulled by 
 Lancaster 31 
 
 11. Tulip, 6 years old, by George, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite, g. gr. 
 
 d. by Favorite. C. Tibbets. Barton Seagrave, Northamptonshire. 
 
 B lUed by Barmpton (54) 70 
 
78 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Lot. Guineas 
 
 12. Trinket, 6 years old, by Barmpton, dam by Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favor- 
 
 ite. W. Smith. Bulled by Lancaster 143 
 
 13. Mary Anne, 6 years old, by George, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Punch. 
 
 W.Smith. Bulled by Midas 62 
 
 14. Louisa, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite. 
 
 W. Smith. Bulled by Lancaster 37 
 
 15. Empress, 5 years old, by Barmpton, dam Lady Grace, by Favorite. C. 
 
 Champion, Blyth, Nottinghamshire. Bulled by Lancaster 210 
 
 16. Caroline, 5 years old, by Minor (441), dam (Wildair) by Favorite. H. 
 
 Witham, Lartington,''Yorks. Bulled by Lancaster 160 
 
 17. Clarissa, 4 years old, by Wellington, dara by Favorite, gr. d. by Favor- 
 
 ite, g. gr. d, by Favorite. T. Robson, Holtby (re-sold to Right Hon. 
 C. Arbuthnot, Woodford Lodge, Northamptonshire). Bulled by Lan- 
 caster 151 
 
 18. Young Moss Rose, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam (2). C. Duncombe. 
 
 Bulled by Lancaster 190 
 
 19. Venus, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam, by George, gr. d. by Favorite, 
 
 g. gr. d. by Punch (531), from a sister to the dam of the White Heifer 
 
 that Traveled. Hon. J. B. Simpson. Bulled by Lancaster 195 
 
 20. Rosette, 4 years old, by Wellington, dam (i). Lord Althorp. Bulled 
 
 by Lancaster 300 
 
 21. Young Charlotte, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam (6). R. Thomas, 
 
 Eryholme, Durham. Bulled by Lancaster 72 
 
 22. Vesper, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Favorite. 
 
 Dam sister to Trinket's dam. J. White, Coates, Leicestershire. 
 Bulled by Lancaster. . . ; in 
 
 23. Nonpareil, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam (3). Lord Althorp. Bulled 
 
 by Lancaster. 370 
 
 24. Daisy, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. Hon. J. B. Simp- 
 
 son. Bulled by Lancaster 32 
 
 25. Kate, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Phenomenon (491), gr. d. by 
 
 Favorite. H. Witham, Cliff Hall, Yorkshire. Bulled by Lancaster. 50 
 
 26. Amelia, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam by North Star, gr. d. by Favor- 
 
 ite, g. gr. d. by Punch. J. C. Maynard, Harsley Hall, Yorkshire. 
 Bulled by Barmpton 76 
 
 27. Aurora, twin sister to 26. W. Smith. Bulled by Barmpton 78 
 
 88. Princess, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam (9). P. Skipworth. Bulled by 
 
 Barmpton 156 
 
 29. Clara, 2 years old, by Lancaster, dam (19). R. Thomas. Bulled by 
 
 Barmpton 190 
 
 30. Fanny, 2 years old, by Welhngton, dam (5). C. Tibbets. Bulled by 
 
 Barmpton 160 
 
 31. White Rose, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam by Wellington, gr. d. by 
 
 Favorite. W.Smith. Bulled by Barmpton 51 
 
 32. Ruby, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam (i). T. Robson. Bulled by 
 
 Lancaster 331 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S SALE. 79 
 
 Lot. Guineas. 
 
 33. Lavinia, 2 years, by Lancaster, dam (18). T. Robson. Bulled by 
 
 Barmpton 105 
 
 34. Hebe, 2 years old, by Jupiter (345), dam (8). J. Thompson, Scremers- 
 
 ton, Berwick-on-Tweed. Bulled by Barmpton 90 
 
 35. Jessy, 2 years old, by Wellington, dam from the stock of the late Mr. 
 
 Hill. J. Hutchinson, Stockton-on-Tees. Bulled by Barmpton 43 
 
 36. Jewel, 2 years old, twin sister to 35. F. Brown. Bulled by Lancaster. 50 
 
 HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES. 
 
 37. Violet, by North Star, dam by Midas, gr. d. by Punch. P. Skipworth. 48 
 
 38. SWEETBRIER, by North Star, dam (23). J. C. Maynard 145 
 
 39. Snowdrop, by Wellington, dam (11). Thompson, Stockton, Durham.. . 71 
 
 40. Cowslip, by Wellington, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by Punch. Leighton, 
 
 North WiUingham, Lincolnshire 54 
 
 41. Lady Ann, by Wellington, dam by George, gr. d. (3). W. Wetherell, 
 
 Holme House, Darlington 100 
 
 42. Flora, by Lancaster, dam (5). J. Thompson • 47 
 
 43. Cleopatra, by Lancaster, dam by George, gr. d. by Favorite^ g. gr. d. 
 
 by Punch. W. Wetherell 133 
 
 44. Restless, by Lancaster, dam (17) ; calved Sept. 26, 1817. T. Robson. 52 
 
 45. A Heifer, by Lancaster, dam (12) ; calved 28th October. S. Wiley, 
 
 Brandsby, Yorkshire 56 
 
 46. Miss Colling, by Wellington, dam by Wellington ; calved October 20. 
 
 W. Smith 28 
 
 47. A Roan Heifer, by Lancaster, dam (13) ; calved November, 16. W. 
 
 Cattle (G. Alderson, Ferrybridge) 42 
 
 48. Louisa, by Lancaster, dam (14) ; calved November 20th. Hon. J. B. 
 
 Simpson 38 
 
 49. A Red and White Heifer, by Barmpton, dam {15). C. Champion. . . 100 
 
 50. RosiNA, by Barmpton, dam (20). T. Robson for C. Arbuthnot 123 
 
 51. Laura, by Barmpton, dam (6). Major B. Rudd, Marton Lodge, York- 
 
 shire 55 
 
 52. Barmpton Trinket, by Barmpton, dam (12). Hon. J. B. Simpson. . . . no 
 
 53. Amelia, by Barmpton, dam by Cleveland {144), gr. d. by Comet, g. gr. d. 
 
 by Favorite. J. White 80 
 
 BULLS. 
 
 54. Marske (418), 12 years old, by Favorite, dam by Favorite, gr. d. by 
 
 Favorite, g. gr. d. by Punch, g. g. gr. d. by Hubback, g. g. g. gr. d. by 
 the sire of Hubback, g. g. g. g. gr. d. by Sir James Pennyman's bull, 
 descended from the stock of the late Sir W. St. Quintin, of Scampston. 
 J. C. Maynard 50 
 
 55. North Star (459), n years old, by Favorite, dam Yellow Cow, by Punch. 
 
 T. Lax, Ravensworth, Yorkshire 72 
 
 56. Midas (435), 10 years old, by Phenomenon, dam (i). S. Wiley 270 
 
8o HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Lot. Guineas. 
 
 57. Barmpton (54), 8 years old, by George, dam (2). Being lame was not sold. 
 
 58. Major (398), 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Phenomenon, gr. d. by 
 
 Favorite, g. gr. d. by Favorite. W. Brooks, Laceby, Lincolnshire. . . . 185 
 
 59. Lancaster (360), 4 years old, by Wellington, dam (2). Hon. J. B Simp- 
 
 son and W. Smith 621 
 
 60. Baronet (62), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam (l). Being engaged, was 
 
 not put up. 
 
 61. Regent (544), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam Rosebud, by Windsor, 
 
 gr. d. (i). Lord Althorp , 145 
 
 BULL CALVES. 
 
 62. Diamond (206), i year old, by Lancaster, dam (19). Donaldson, Har- 
 
 burn House, Durham 102 
 
 63. Albion {17), rising i year old, by Lancaster, dam by Wellington, gr. d. 
 
 by Favorite, g. gr. d. by a son of Favorite. Russell, Brancepeth Cas- 
 tle, Durham 140 
 
 64. Harold (291), rising i year old, by Wellington, dam (7). J. Whitaker, 
 
 Greenholme, Otley, Yorks 201 
 
 65. Pilot (496), rising i year old, by either Major or Wellington (being bulled 
 
 by both), dam (i). J. Booth, Killerby, Yorkshire 270 
 
 Summary. 
 
 51 Cows and Heifers, average, £111 13s. od. ;^5694 3s. 
 
 10 Bulls and Bull Calves, " 215 17 7 2158 16 
 
 61 averaged ;^I28 14s. gd. Total, ;£'7852 19 
 
 Robert Colling's Closing Sale in 1820. 
 
 The final sale of Robert Colling's herd was made on October 3d, 
 1820, and like that of 1818. attracted wide attention. The account 
 of it is thus given : 
 
 COWS. 
 
 ^o'' Guineas. 
 
 1. Snowdrop, 3 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. G. Alderson, 
 
 Ferrybridge. Bulled by Barmpton 20 
 
 2. Old Dinsdale, 10 years old, by Phenomenon, dam by Favorite. J. 
 
 Hepworth, Rogerthorpe, Pontefract, Yorks. Bulled by Barmpton 27 
 
 3. Young Dinsdale, 6 years old, by Wellington, dam lot 2. W. Asheton, 
 
 Brandon House, Coventry, Warwickshire. Bulled by Adonis (8) 54 
 
 4. Crystal, 5 years old, by Cleveland, dam by Comet, gr. d. by Favorite. 
 
 R. Dobson, Bishop Auckland, Durham. Bulled by Young Lancaster 
 (361) 42 
 
 5. Lady, 4 years old, by Wellington. S. Wiley, Brandsby, York. Bulled 
 
 by Barmpton 26 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CLOSING SALE. 8l 
 
 Lot, Gu'fe.iv. 
 
 6. Pomona, 6 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. J. G. Dixon, 
 
 Holton-le-Moor, Lincolnshire. Bulled by Barmpton 27 
 
 7. Cicely, 12 years old, by Favorite, dam by Punch. W. Smith, Dishley, 
 
 Leicestershire. Bulled by Barmpton 2a 
 
 8. Cherry, 5 years old, bought of G. Coates, near Darlington, R. Fletcher, 
 
 Burdon, Yorkshire. Bulled by Barmpton 22 
 
 g. Kate, 3 years old, by Wellington. Major Rudd, Marton, Cleveland. 
 
 Bulled by Barmpton 28 
 
 10. White Rose, 5 years old, by Wellington. W. Jobson, Newtown, near 
 
 Chillingham. Bulled by Barmpton , 51 
 
 11. Strawberry, 5 years old, by Wellington, dam by Favorite. J. G. Dixon, 
 
 Holton-le-Moor, Lincolnshire. • Bulled by Barmpton 30 
 
 Lots 12 to 18, inclusive, were Horses. 
 
 TWO-YEAR-OLD HEIFERS. 
 
 19. Iris, by Barmpton, dam Backwell, lot 10 in the sale catalogue for 1818. 
 
 J. Hepworth. Bulled by Barmpton 19 
 
 20. WiLDAiR, by Barmpton, dam Wildair, lot 7 in the sale, 1818. J. Graham, 
 
 Netherby, Cumberland. Bulled by Barmpton 35 
 
 21. Diana, by Young Barmpton (55), dam lot 3. P. Skipworth, Aylesby, 
 
 Lincolnshire. Bulled by Barmpton 51 
 
 22. Daisy, by Barmpton, dam Daisy, lot 24 in the sale, 1818. W. Donkin, 
 
 Sandhoe, near Hexham. Bulled by Barmpton loi 
 
 23. Lily, by Barmpton, dam Lily, lot 8 in the sale, 1818. G. Alderson, 
 
 Ferrybridge. Bulled by Barmpton 102 
 
 24. Caroline, calved in 1817, by Young Barmpton, dam Wildair, lot 7 in 
 
 the sale, 1818. Dinning, NewUnds, near Belford. Bulled by Barmp- 
 ton 53 
 
 25. Damsel, by Barmpton, dam lot 2. R. Jobson, Turvelaws, near Wooler, 
 
 Northumberland. Bulled by Barmpton -. 58 
 
 26. Countess, by Barmpton, dam Young Charlotte, lot 21 in the sale, 1818. 
 
 W. Jobson. Bulled by Barmpton 68 
 
 27. Young Nonpareil, by Barmpton, dam Nonpareil, lot 23 in the sale, 
 
 1818. W.Smith. Bulled by Barmpton 151 
 
 28. Sally, by Alexander. W. Robinson, St. Helens Auckland, Durham. 
 
 Bulled by Barmpton 33 
 
 2q. Bell, by Major. Henderson, Belford, Northumberland. Bulled by 
 
 Barmpton 16 
 
 30. Arabella, by Lancaster. Henderson. Bulled by Adonis 32 
 
 ONE-YEAR-OLD HEIFERS. 
 
 31. Flora, a roan, by Lancaster. R. Ferguson, Harker Lodge, Carlisle 15 
 
 32. Lucy, a roan, by Lancaster, dam by Favorite. Hon. J. B, Simpson. ... 30 
 
 33. Betsy, a mottled, by Lancaster. G. Alderson 14 
 
 34. Mary, a white, by Lancaster. G. Alderson lO/i 
 
 35. Sprightly, a light roan, by Lancaster. Dinning 25 
 
 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 HEIFER CALVES, IN 182a 
 Lot. Guineas. 
 
 36. Miss Colling, a roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 6. J. Claridge, Jerveaux 
 
 Abbey, Yorkshire. 19 
 
 37. A Light Roan, by Barmpton. Major Rudd ii>< 
 
 38. Barmpton Strawberry, a red fleck, calved April i, by Barmpton, dam 
 
 lot II, Hon. J. B. Simpson 30 
 
 39. A Roan, by Barmpton. W. Harrison, Neasham Lane, near Darlington. 6 
 40i A Roan, by Barmpton. Major Rudd ". 4^ 
 
 41. A Light Roan, by Barmpton. Major Rudd 4 
 
 42. Dinsdale, fleck red and white, by Barmpton, dam lot 2. W. Smith, 
 
 Dishley • 22 
 
 43. Miss Colling, a light roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 5. S. Wiley 20 
 
 44. A Red Roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 9. Major Rudd 25 
 
 45. A Fleck, by Barmpton, dam lot 3. S. Wiley 17 
 
 BULLS. 
 
 46. Barmpton (54), 10 years old, by George, dam Moss Rose, lot 2 in the 
 
 sale, 1818. R. Thomas, Airy Holme, near Darlington II5 
 
 47. Baronet {62), 5 years old, by Wellington, dam Red Rose, lot i in the 
 
 sale, 1818. Sir C. Loraine, Bart., Kirk Harle, Northumberland 350 
 
 48. Young Barmpton (55), 3 years old, by Wellington, dam a daughter of 
 
 Juno, lot 3 in the sale, 1818. J. Graham 130 v 
 
 BULLS ONE year old. 
 
 49. Young Lancaster (361), by Lancaster, dam lot 3. J. Pearson, Acklam, 
 
 Cleveland 73 
 
 50. Adonis (8), by I^ancaster. H. Vansittart, Kirkleatham, Yorkshire 50 
 
 BULL CALVES. 
 
 51. A Light Roan, by Barmpton, dam lot 4. M. Culley, Fowberry, North- 
 
 umberland. 16 
 
 52.' Eclipse (238), a light roan, calved in July, 1820, by Barmpton, dam lot 
 
 27. T. Charge, Newton, Yorkshire lOO 
 
 53. A Light Roan, by Barmpton, dam lot i. Clayton, Halnaby, Yorkshire. 10 
 
 Summary. 
 
 38 Cows and Heifers, average, £ 36 los. 4d. ;f 1387 lis. 6d. 
 
 8 Bulls and Calves, " no 15 6 886 4 o 
 
 46 averaged £/i<) 8s. 7d. Total, £22Ti 15 6 
 
 Total of the two sales, ;^io,i26 14s. 6d. Average of 107 head, £^^ 12s. lod. 
 
 Following this last sale we find a running summary of Robert 
 CoUing's herd and breeding in Thornton's Circular. Although in 
 some parts it has been already given in previous pages, it is so full 
 of connected interest that we insert it entire : 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CATTLE. 83 
 
 ' " Robert Colling, the elder of the two brothers, was borri at Sker- 
 ningham, and when a youth was apprenticed to a large grocer ; his 
 health being delicate he returned home and joined his brother Charles 
 in partnership, until Charles went to Ketton, and Robert took the 
 Barmpton farm in the spring of 1783, having previously resided at 
 Hurworth; he often visited Mr. Culley, and imitated many of his 
 principles of farming, more especially turnip growing, and in later 
 years his own farming at Barmpton became high and excellent in 
 every degree. For many years his Leicester sheep, which were 
 obtained from Bakewell, were more successful than his Short-horns, 
 and his Ram shows or lettings were continued for many years. Mr. 
 Wiley, of Brandsby, took sheep of him for fourteen years in succes- 
 sion, and upon one particular occasion asked him what a good 
 Short-horn should be like. Pointing to one of his finest tups, called 
 Shoulders (from the excellence of that point), Mr. Colling advised 
 him to breed his cattle like that. A favorite expression of his was to 
 liken his cattle to a barrel ; he did not approve of the breast being 
 very prominent, preferring it rather short but very thick and wide, 
 especially between the fore legs, as he generally considered beasts 
 with very prominent breasts had thin shoulders and chine, and lacked 
 width and substance in their fore quarters. 
 
 " Improved Short-horns, however, did not at first attract his atten- 
 tion. Sheep were the profit of the farm, and no doubt in later days 
 the ram lettings led to bull hirings, as they do at Aylesby, at Given- 
 dale, at Brandsby, and elsewhere, even to this day. Bailey wrote in 
 1810, after an experience of Durham county for forty years, that 
 'Robert Colling has frequently crossed with the improved Short- 
 homed bulls and the best Kyloe cows he could procure ; the produce 
 made very fat and much earlier than the pure Kyloe ; but he has now 
 given it up, finding that the pure improved Short-horns are more 
 profitable.' 
 
 "Although Mr. Robert Colling had several tribes, and went to 
 different breeders for his original cattle, yet the majority of those 
 animals which were sold in the 1818 sale, were descended from four 
 families, of which some account will now be given. 
 
 " It appears that some of his earliest stock came from Mr. Milbank 
 of Barningham, about 1780. These were supposed to be the best 
 Teeswater cattle, and noted for their excellent grazing properties. 
 The ancestors of the Yellow Cow, by Punch (531), came from this 
 stock; and her descendants were Venus, lot 19; Clara, lot 29; and 
 Diamond (206), lot 62, got by Lancaster (360), out of Venus, all sold 
 
84 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 for high prices in the 1818 sale. Of Diamond, Mr. Dickson in an 
 essay on judging, said that he was small, of beautiful symmetry, and 
 a perfect model, with a thick, fine coat. The Yellow Cow, by Punch 
 bred a heifer,* by Favorite (252), which heifer was the dam of the 
 'White Heifer that Traveled.' No record gives the date of this 
 white heifer's birth (supposed 1806), but the fashion at that time of 
 feeding to an enormous weight, and the success of John Day in his 
 wanderings with the Durham Ox, induced two butchers to purchase 
 her for exhibition. Unlike John Day, they left no pamphlet of the 
 'pure genuine breed,' nor of their travels throughout the country. 
 A small handbill alone tells of the merits of the White Heifer; it 
 runs as follows : 
 
 " ' To be seen at the stables of the Three Kings, Piccadilly, near 
 the Glo'ster Coffee House, the greatest wonder in the world of the 
 kind, the wonderful Durham fat heifer, of the improved Short- 
 horned breed, w'hich weighs 306 stone (8 lbs.) [2,448 lbs. J, bred 
 and fed by Robert Colling, of Barmpton, near Darlington, in the 
 county of Durham. She is sister (half sister by the sire) to the 
 Durham Ox and bull Comet (155), which was sold for 1000 guineas 
 at the sale of Charles Colling, Esq., at Ketton, for which 1500 guineas 
 has since been offered. This heifer is now the property of Messrs. 
 Robinson and Spark. It is particularly worthy of notice that this 
 justly-celebrated heifer was a twin.f A correct portrait of this beau- 
 tiful heifer has been taken by Mr. Weaver, of Shrewsbury, from which 
 an engraving (by Mr. Ward, an eminent artist in London) and prints 
 taken from it are published at one guinea each. | Printed by Mr. 
 Glendon, Rupert street, Haymarket.' 
 
 " Mr. Bailey said also, that ' Mr. Robert Colling has a white heifer, 
 four years old, a perfect counterpart of his brpther Charles' ox, being, 
 like him, completely covered over her whole carcass with fat ; she is 
 estimated to weigh 130 stone (14 lbs.), [1820 lbs.] Mr. Robert Colling 
 also sold at Darlington Market, April 18, 1808, a two-year- old steer 
 for ;^22, supposed to weigh 63 stone (14 lbs.), the price of the fat 
 stock being 7s. per stone. The Yellow Cow put to Favorite (252), 
 produced lot 55, North Star (459). At the time of the sale he was 
 eleven years old, a grand old bull, with fine hair and handling. 
 Mr. Wetherell used him at Holme House two years, Mr. Wiley had 
 
 • Called " Favorite Cow," recorded p. 310, Vol, i, English Herd Book. — L. F. A. 
 t She was twinned with a bull — a free marten, and of course, barren. — L. F. A. 
 t White Heifer's portrait is frontispiece to Vol. 5, American Herd Book.-^L. F. A. 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CATTLE. -• 85 
 
 him also for a period at 120 guineas, and Mr. Hustler also. He 
 was sire of the highest priced heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 60, and of Gol- 
 den Pippin, lot 9. Venus appears to have bred a bull, Adonis (7), 
 and a heifer with the Hon. J. B. Simpson, and Clara two bulls — 
 one of them Eryholme (10 1 8), and a heifer with Mr. Thomas. Sir 
 H. Vane Tempest bought Tragedy of this tribe privately from Mr. 
 Robert Colling, and through Sir Charles Knightley's herd we believe 
 descendants of this line may still be traced. 
 
 " Another tribe (Wildair or Hubback tribe) came originally from the 
 stock of Sir William St. Quintin, of Scampston. This was a favorite 
 family with Mr. Robert Colling, who considered (Major Rudd stated) 
 that this tribe came from the same source as Hubback (319). Juno, 
 lot 3, and Diana, lot 4, sisters, were of it, also Wildair, lot 7, and 
 Nonpareil, lot 23, the highest priced cow, a fine roan, considered the 
 best animal in the sale, and one of the finest cows ever seen. Her 
 heifer, Sweetbrier, lot 38, bought by Mr. Maynard, was a red and 
 white, and made the greatest price among the heifers. Marske (418) 
 was of this family, and although in his twelfth year made 50 guineas. 
 He had previously been hired by Mr. Hutton, of Marske, whence his 
 name ; by Mr. Bates, and Lord Strathmore. Earl Spencer was not 
 fortunate with those he purchased, as most of their produce died or 
 brought bull calves. Nor was the Hon. J. B. Simpson lucky with his. 
 At Mr. Maynard's sale in 1839, descendants of Sweetbrier, made the 
 highest prices. One of them, May Rose {103 guineas), was bought 
 by Mr. Wetherell for Mr. Fox, Ireland, with whom she bred four 
 calves, and was purchased in 1841 by Mr. Parkinson, of Ley Fields. 
 Formosa (38 guineas), out of May Rose's dam, was bought as a heifer 
 by Mr. Houldsworth, of Farnsfield, and at his sale in 1841, Mr. Torr 
 bought her heifer, Flora of Farnsfield, as a yearling, for 41 guineas. 
 It is from this heifer that the Flower tribe, the finest animals at 
 Aylesby, are bred, and which trace directly back to this favorite 
 family of Mr. Robert Colling. Lord Feversham's Wildair bred one 
 heifer. Phoenix, and four bulls, amongst them Emperor (1013). At 
 Barmpton she first produced Caroline, lot 16, and the celebrated bull 
 Harold (291), lot 64. This bull, a white, was used by Mr. Wiley, and 
 went to Messrs. Whitaker, Alderson, and Earnshaw. In the 1820 sale 
 the highest priced female is also of this tribe, viz. : Young Nonpareil, 
 lot 27, sold for 151 guineas to Mr. W. Smith. She bred three bulls, 
 and was sold in i'827 to the Earl of Chesterfield. Her son, lot 52, 
 Eclipse (238), was used by Messrs. Craddock & Charge. 
 
86 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 "Golden Pippin, lot 9, and Clarissa, lot 17, were evidently from 
 one tribe (Beauty or Punch tribe) ; Mr. Colling got it from Mr. G. 
 Best, of Manfield, and it traces further back than is stated in the 
 catalogue. Beauty, who was from the cow that bred Punch (531), 
 took a first premium at Darlington; her excellence brought Punch 
 (531)1 a yellow red bull, into notice. Punch was the sire of the dam 
 of Charles Ceiling's Old Daisy, whose granddaughter, Lily, was the 
 highest priced cow at the Ketton sale. Also of Ben (70), and Twin 
 Brother, to Ben (660), both used by Mr. Booth. Mr. Robert Colling 
 said that Ben had the best blood, and he begot the dam of Red Rose, 
 lot I, and Old Wildair, own sister to the celebrated bull Phenomenon 
 (491), used by Sir H. Vane Tempest, and whom Mr. Parrington con- 
 sidered a finer bull than Comet (155). This line of blood is happily 
 yet preserved. Mr. Whitaker bred Nonsuch and others from Golden 
 Pippin ; the family then went to Mr. Maynard, from whom it has 
 passed by various changes, under the name of Nonsuch, to the pres- 
 ent possessor, Mr. Adkins, of Milcote. 
 
 " There is no record from whence the Red Rose* tribe, lot i, came. 
 She was own sister to the American Cow, the first female named in 
 the now fashionable Cambridge Rose line. It is said that the American 
 Cow got her name from going out to America early in the century, f 
 She was bred by R. Colling, and sold by him when a yearling to go to 
 America. When the stock of Red Rose and Moss Rose became of 
 such note she was brought back by Mr. Hustler to England, and 
 produced at Acklam in 181 1, Red Rose, by Yarborough (705), for 
 which Mr. Hustler refused 400 guineas, and which Mr. Bates bought 
 in 1819. At the time of the sale Red Rose, then seventeen years old, 
 had been a magnificent cow, but was very patchy ; she had large 
 cushions of fat on her rumps, whilst her fore quarters were light. 
 Moss Rose, lot 2, her daughter by her own sire, was a very good cow, 
 a handsome roan, very even, wide and massive, of fine symmetry and 
 quality, but by some thought to be rather small. Red Rose had been 
 a regular and excellent breeder, more especially of bulls, among 
 which were Miner (441), used by Lord Strathmore and Mr. Jobling, 
 with whom he got Wellington (683), Midas (435), lot 56, a great, fine 
 bull, with hind quarters super-excellent. Baronet (62), lot 60, and 
 Pilot (496), lot 65, also the granddam of Lord Althorpe's Regent 
 (544), lot 61. Of these bulls, Midas (435), had been let to Mr. 
 Robertson, Ladykirk, for three years at 300 gs., to Mr. Arbuthnot for 
 
 * Calved in 1801, English Herd Book, Vol. i, p. 456.— L. F. A. 
 + See page 54, ante, — L. F. A. 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CATTLE. 8/ 
 
 two years, at 300 gs., and into Yorkshire, making altogether, in let- 
 tings and sale, iioo guineas. Sir W. Cooke bid for him, but Mr. 
 Wiley bought him for 270 guineas. . He died suddenly at Brandsby, 
 having got only two calves. Mr. Wiley returned to Mr. Colling 
 greatly disappointed, and asked for the use of Barmpton (54), but 
 Mr. Colling would not part with him then to anybody, as he consid- 
 ered him one of the best bulls he ever had. The two calves, how- 
 ever, turned out to Mr. Wiley a great profit; one was Midas (1230), 
 and the other the famous Grazier (1085). This ,buir became a great 
 celebrity ; he was used three years by Sir John Johnstone, who chris- 
 tened him Grazier on account of his good qualities. Mr. W. Smith, 
 West Rasen, had him two years, Mr. Slater one year, and Lord 
 Feversham and the Earl of Carlisle for some time. He then went 
 home and was used by Mr. Wiley, and afterwards, in his old age, by 
 Sir John Ramsden, with whom he died in his fourteenth year, and 
 was buried in his skin. He was a fine, massive bull, a dark red, and 
 a little white in his fore quarters. Baronet (62.), also a good bull, 
 was hired by Sir Charles Loraine, who bought him in 1820, and took 
 in five cows of Mr. Wetherell's at 10 guineas ($52) each. Pilot (496) 
 has been described in Mr. Carr's History of the Booth Cattle ; he 
 was a red and white, rather a small bull, but of good quality and a 
 good stock getter. At the time of the sale, Mr. J. G. Dixon and 
 Major Brown joined purses in order to buy a good bull, and Mr. 
 Dixon bid from 100 to 250 guineas, at 10 guineas biddings, opposed 
 by Mr. Thomas Booth, who bought him for 270 guineas ($1,404). 
 
 " Red Rose's daughter, Rosette, lot 20, made 300 guineas, and bred 
 four heifers, of which there is now no trace. At eleven years old she 
 was sold at Lord Althorp's sale in 1825, for 25 guineas. Ruby, lot 
 32, made the second highest female price, 331 guineas, and went into 
 Mr. Robson's large herd, which is said to have contained more grand 
 cows than any other herd in Lincolnshire. Moss Rose bred four 
 calves, three "bulls — Barmpton (54), Lancaster (360), and one that 
 died young — and one heifer, lot 18, Young Moss Rose, which went to 
 Lord Feversham for 190 guineas. She produced one heifer, lot 33, 
 at Barmpton, which went, with Ruby, lot 32, into Lincolnshire, and 
 two heifers at Duncombe, from one of which. Beauty, by Baron (38), 
 we have descendants even now at Stockeld Park. Barmpton (54) 
 was a small-sized, beautiful roan bull, as neat as his dam, and got 
 splendid stock ; he had a very broad back, fine quarters, but rather 
 upright shoulders, and most of the heifer calves at both sales were by 
 him. Mr. John Wright' used him two years, first at 60, and then 70 
 
88 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 guineas, and he was also let to Mr. Brooks and Mr. Codd in Lincoln- 
 shire ; his stock were considered to be better than North Star's (459)- 
 His sire, George (275), was a very magnificent bull, and an excellent 
 getter ; he fell by accident and broke his neck, not before, however, 
 Mr. Colling had sold privately five out of his six heifers at 200 guineas 
 each. He was out of Lady Grace, the dam of Empress, lot 15, a 
 grand animal, and a high priced one ; Mr. Champion bought her and 
 her daughter, lot 49, but there is none of the tribe left now. Lan- 
 caster (360) was a white bull, of fine quality, but narrow, thin, lanky, 
 and small ; he was let as a yearling, to Major Rudd, who, at the time 
 of the sale, had fourteen .extraordinary two-year-old heifers, got by 
 him, in one pasture, which were the talk of the country. This, per- 
 haps, with the fact of his being from so grand a cow, and having 
 served all the stock, made him sell so high. Mr. Whitaker was the 
 chief opponent, and at 620 guineas claimed the bull ; the auctioneer, 
 however, ruled against him, having had another guinea bid by Messrs. 
 Simpson & Smith. Mr. Whitaker then had Mr. Charge's bull, Fred- 
 erick (ro6o). A rumor was current that Lancaster was delicate and 
 unhealthy, but he got stock at Dishley till 1827 [then 14 years old], 
 and at the Hon. H. B. Simpson's sale in 1838, Mr. White, the auc- 
 tioneer, alluded to this rumor, and said there were animals ten years 
 of age before the bull left the farm. Besides the Cambridge Roses 
 and those at Stockeld Park, we believe there are a very few animals 
 remaining that can now be traced to this magnificent family. 
 
 " The two high priced heifers, lots 41 and 43, bought by Mr. 
 Wetherell, were unfortunate ; when of age they were sent for service 
 to Mr. Mason's, at 15 guineas each. Lady Ann died in calf with 
 twins, and Cleopatra had a heifer calf that never bred; they were 
 two magnificent heifers. Lot 40, Cowslip, bred a heifer by Ratify 
 (2481), called Young Cowslip. This heifer was sold to Mr, Dudding, 
 of Panton, and produced a large family, from which came Mr. Rich's 
 Ursula tribe, and many others from the Panton sales. 
 
 " Of the other sources whence Mr. Robert Colling derived his 
 stock, little is known, except that, like Charles, he selected the best 
 county stock from his neighbors, and occasionally bought at Yarm- 
 fair. Mr. Watson, of Stapleton, Mr. Alexander Hall, of Haughton, 
 Mr. Wright, and Mr. Best, of Manfield, supplied females, and some 
 came from Mr. Hill, of Black well (see lot 10). It was from this stock 
 of Mr. Hill's that Captain Turnell, of Reasby, Lincolnshire, got his first 
 cattle, which were the originals of the well known and still favorite 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CATTLE. 89 
 
 red Turnell blood in South Lincolnshire. The following letter from 
 Mr. Hutchinson relates to lots 35 and 36 : 
 
 "'In October, 1818, when Mr. Robert CoUing's sale catalogue 
 came out, I was glad- to perceive two heifers, Jessy and Jewel (twins) ; 
 their dam from the stock of the late Mr. Hill, of Blackwell, were 
 there advertised, got by Wellington (680), and the former in calf to 
 Barmpton (54), both bulls highly esteemed, and Jessy herself what I 
 thought an excellent heifer, and the better of the two. My idea was 
 that this heifer from the Blackwell herd, with only two crosses by the 
 leading bull of Mr. R. CoUing's, would be a better speculation and 
 more likely to breed better stock than any cow or heifer of what was 
 then considered pure blood, all of which had been bred through thick 
 and thin for countless generations. On Jessy's coming to the ham- 
 mer, I became her purchaser at 43 guineas, the very lowest priced 
 cow that day, excepting a six-year-old cow of the same breed. Old 
 Blackwell; and Mr. Brown, of Welboum, Lincolnshire, immediately 
 after bought Jewel, her twin sister, at 50 guineas. I was well satisfied 
 with my bargain, and Mr. Brown expressed himself so with his. In 
 the April following Jessy produced me a heifer calf, very small and 
 very delicate, which, however, with great care was reared, and is now 
 the heifer I invite connoisseurs to inspect. She is a wonderful and 
 beautiful sight, and may safely challenge a comparison for excellence 
 with the highest priced cows of that day. Jessy has since produced 
 me two heifers to my own bulls, which promise to make very large, 
 fine cows, and she is now giving twelve quarts of milk at a meal, six 
 months after calving.' 
 
 "The sale in 1820 contained those Short-horns which were not 
 in condition for sale in 1818. At this sale, Mr. J. G. Dixon of 
 Caistor was the purchaser of two lots. Mrs. Charles Colling was 
 present and told him that Barmpton 's blood should always be kept 
 sight of, as he was one of their best tribes. Strawberry was intended 
 for the first sale, but she calved and did not do well, and so was 
 reserved till 1820. On the long walk home she slipped calf, but bred 
 well afterwards. Young Strawberry, her daughter, took a prize at 
 sixteen years old, and lived till she was twenty-seven.* Descendants 
 of these cows are still in Mr. Dixon's possession, and their bull pro- 
 duce has been disseminated among the farmers in Lincolnshire to the 
 great improvement of the stock in the district. 
 
 * Who will say that the Short-horns, as a race, lack either constitution, vitality, fertility in 
 breeding, or longevity ? — L. F, A, 
 
90 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 " Hubback was one of the first bulls Mr. Robert Colling used, of 
 which an account is given in the Ketton Short-horns. He had 
 seventeen cows served by him in the season, and in November, as the 
 bull was bought at Easter, Mr. Charles Colling said if the bull was 
 done with for the season he would give 8 guineas for him ; he was 
 sold, the original cost, lo guineas, being divided by Mr. Robert 
 Colling and Mr. Waistell. The bull took offense at a gray pony Mr. 
 Robert Colling used to ride, and was a little troublesome. Manfield 
 (404) was used at a very early period. Broken Horn (95), appears 
 to have succeeded Hubback, and was followed by Punch (531), 
 Favorite (252), Comet (155), Wellington (680), a very fine bull, used 
 four seasons, and others as in the catalogue. He also had the use of 
 his brother's bulls at Ketton. 
 
 " Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, supplied 
 most of the bull hirers, and the buyers at the sales came from those 
 counties as well as Nottingham, Leicester, and Northampton. Culley, 
 in his general view of the Agriculture of Northumberland, says, 
 ' hiring bulls for the season is practiced in this county; as high as 50 
 guineas have been paid for a bull of the Short-horn breed for one 
 season, and from 3 to 5 guineas given for serving a cow, but the more 
 common rate is a guinea.' The principal hirers were Lord Strath-, 
 more. Sir H. Vane Tempest, Sir G. Strickland, Mr. Robertson, Mr. 
 Jobling, Mr. Jobson, Mr. Gibson, Colonel Trotter, Major Rudd, Mr. 
 Baker, Mr. Barker, Mr. Booth, Mr. Buston, Mr. Hustler, Mr. Weth- 
 erell, and Mr. Wiley. Mr. Jobson also stated that prior to 1773 his 
 father got bulls from Durham, and the last cross of the well known 
 Sonsie tribe is a Son of Ben (70), or Punch (531). 
 
 "At the sale in 1818 Mr. Robert Colling was asked, 'Who has your 
 best blood?' 'Well, I think,' said he, 'Lincolnshire has got most of 
 my best blood.' The breeders from Lincolnshire, who hired, were 
 Mr. R. Ostler and Mr. Skipworth at Aylesby ; Mr. W. Brooks and 
 Mr. R. Cropper at Laceby ; Mr. J. Grant, Wyham ; and Mr. J. Codd, 
 Holton, all living in the district between Grimsby and Caistor. The 
 bulls were slightly shod and walked down about eight or nine miles a 
 day, and age had little consideration. The most noted bulls were 
 Own Brother to the White Heifer [that Traveled], CoUing's (Robert) 
 White Bull (151), Aylesby (44), Barmpton (54), and Major (398). 
 C. Ceiling's Major (397), bought at the Ketton sale, was thought the 
 handsomer and better of the two. 
 
 " There is no mention made in this paper of Sir H. Vane Tempest's 
 celebrated cow Princess, nor of Col. Trotter's stock, both of whom, 
 
ROBERT COLLING'S CATTLE. 9I 
 
 as well as Mr. Robertson, Mr. Champion, and others, bought privately 
 from Mr. R. Colling. The Princess tribe may possibly be noticed in 
 a future paper, when Sir H. Vane Tempest's catalogue is reprinted, 
 but the name of the Sylphs (Sweethearts and Charmers) and the 
 Mantalinis, the former tracing from 'Russell,' the latter from 
 ' Alpine,' both cows by Robert Colling's Son of Favorite (252) [the 
 Son being out of a Punch cow] and from Col. Trotter's herd, are 
 high evidence, even in the present day, of the excellence of the 
 original Barmpton stock. 
 
 " It has been said that Robert Colling's stock were delicate ; there 
 is little foundation for this, and it may have arisen from the delicacy 
 of Mr. Champion's cattle ; Mr. Paley said that the rottenness of the 
 Warrior (673) family came from Diana, lot 3, and Mr. Champion's 
 son attributed it to Mason's Charles (127); Mr. Bates also attributed 
 delicacy to Mason's St. John (572). Land and atmosphere may have 
 had something to do with this. Those who saw the herd in its best 
 days, before and at the sales, say that the cattle were always seen in 
 good condition and shewed vigorous constitutions ; it is, however, a 
 singular fact that we have now scarcely any stock remaining from 
 those animals that went into the Retford (Notts) district, whilst there 
 are numbers tracing from that blood which went into Yorkshire, Lin- 
 colnshire, and the Lake district, where the yellow roan and red were 
 looked upon as the pure breed, the dark red being held in no favor.* 
 
 "Although the average of the Barmpton sale, 18 18, was under that 
 of Ketton, i8io,f there is every reason to believe that it was a better 
 sale. In 1810 things were at war price and everything high, whilst 
 in 1818 there was peace, and a general depression upon agriculture. 
 The Alloy blood, too, in the Ketton stock tended to promote compe- 
 tition for the purer strains at Barmpton. The bulls are said by Mr. 
 Wetherell to have been the finest lot he ever saw at one sale. They 
 doubled the average of the cows, and, taking the highest priced 
 family at Ketton against the highest priced one at Barmpton, we have 
 the following result in favor of the Barmpton stock : At Ketton, the 
 Phoenix tribe, sixteen (including Comet 1000 guineas) averaged 
 ;,^2 2i 3s.*, at Barmpton, the Red Rose tribe, eleven (including Lan- 
 caster 621 guineas) averaged ;^269 3s. 6d. ; and the thirteen favorite 
 Wildairs averaged ^^142 17s. 6d. 
 
 * The strong partiality to a deep red color in Short-horns, which now prevails among a large 
 majority of the American breeders, and which we think a mistaken partiality, had then no exist- 
 ence among the English breeders. — L. F. A. 
 
 + Charles Colling's sale.— L. F. A. 
 
92 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 " Mr. Robert Colling always opposed his brother using [the Alloy] 
 Grandson of Bolingbroke (280), and told Mr. Wiley that he did not 
 consider his brother's herd nor his own better than other good herds, 
 except the Phoenix tribe. In 18 15 he stated that 'whatever I know 
 of the art of breeding cattle I owe to the late Mr. George Culley.'* 
 He [Robert Colling] was a stately, reserved man, the opposite to his 
 brother Charles, kind in his manner and straightforward in all his 
 dealings, keeping a good house and high company, and was liked by 
 all who knew him. Robert was one of the earliest disciples and 
 most intimate friends of the great Bakewell, and there is little doubt 
 that Bakewell's great principle of in-and-in breeding was carried out 
 most successfully by the Collings. Father to daughter and mother to 
 son, were the principal direct alliances, and the system was continued 
 so long as robustness and form were upheld." f 
 
 Comparing the two herds of Robert and Charles, somewhat differ- 
 ent opinions were entertained by their contemporaries of the supe- 
 riority of one over the other. Both of them bred animals of marked 
 excellence and fame in their own time, and that excellence and fame 
 have been perpetuated through their blood down to the present day. 
 Robert, in his personal character, was more quiet and reticent; 
 Charles, the more active, self-confident, and prominent before tRe 
 public. Robert was equally sound in judgment, dabbling in no ex- 
 periments, while Charles was more or less versatile in both opinion 
 and practice. In a striking and no doubt accurate portrait of the 
 two brothers in our possession, that of Robert is remarkably good- 
 looking and portly, the features of the face expressive of an honest, 
 upright man. That of Charles, although still portly in look, is less 
 handsome than his brother ; the face has not an equal frankness, 
 and a little cunning, withal, seems lurking in the expression. 
 
 * Culley was an advocate of Bakewell's system of breeding. — L, F. A. 
 
 t We have no account that the " robustness and form " ever died out while the in-and-in breed- 
 ing stock remained in the hands of the Collings, — L. F. A, 
 
THE COLLINGS IMPROVEMENT. 93 
 
 Did the Collings Improve the Quality of the Short -horns 
 ABOVE their Existing Condition when they Commenced 
 Breeding? Were the Collings' Herds Superior to those 
 of their Contemporary Breeders at the times of their 
 Final Sales? 
 
 After discussing at such length as we have already done the prac- 
 tice in breeding by the Collings, it may seem superfluous to add 
 another word. We have seen that they were men of sagacity and 
 enterprise ; that they found, in the outset of their breeding life, the 
 Short-horns a local, although ancient breed, existing in but a few 
 counties of the north-eastern quarter of England; that although 
 these cattle possessed admirable qualities in themselves, and of great 
 value, through the crosses of their blood, as instruments to improve 
 the general herds then existing in other sections of the Short-horn 
 region, they were still little known beyond their own immediate local- 
 ities. In view of these facts, when establishing their own herds they 
 selected the best animals within their reach, bred them with success, 
 and determined to make them known, and give them a currency 
 throughout those parts of the kingdom where they hitherto had been, 
 and measurably were still strangers. In this they succeeded. Not 
 only did they so succeed, but by adopting a course of breeding at 
 that time, and in their own immediate section, almost if not alto- 
 gether unpracticed, they reared superior cattle to many of the herds 
 around them, and drew public attention conspicuously to their own 
 herds and to their modes of breeding. 
 
 It is possible that some of their contemporaries may have charged 
 them with a species of pretension in their practice, but as their course 
 of breeding was open and well known to those around them, and 
 they relied on public favor to sustain their efforts by purchases of 
 their stock, it is to be presumed their persistence in the course which 
 they had adopted was on the conviction that it was the correct one, 
 leading to the largest success, not only in a pecuniary result, but in 
 the improvement of their stock to the highest perfection of their day. 
 Such, it appears, was the conclusion of those who closely studied 
 their practice, and to the Collings should be awarded the credit of 
 success. 
 
 Not but that there were other breeders — unnamed, or but slightly 
 alluded to in these pages — who, by a different course of breeding, 
 had produced animals equally good as those of the Collings', but by 
 
 t /' 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 their less active enterprise they failed to achieve that notoriety and 
 high position which the CoUings attained and held until they retired 
 from the pursuit. The blood of their stocks, from their frequent bull 
 sales and lettings became widely disseminated through other herds, 
 far and near. Many of their cows were distributed by sales into 
 neighboring as well as distant herds, and the agricultural public at 
 large were benefited, so far as it chose to be, by their labors. 
 
 One thing is certain, more good Short-horns for eighty years past, 
 trace their pedigrees into the blood of the Colling bulls, through the 
 Herd Books, than ipto the bulls of any twenty other English breed- 
 ers put together, which may be deemed circiimstantial if not positive 
 testimony of the successful results of their breeding. "All," to be 
 sure, "is not gold that glitters," as we have seen too much of 
 assumption in our own day to believe that all men are benefactors 
 who receive the laudations of the public for acts in which, were the 
 truth wholly known, other less pretentious parties would have the 
 credit ; yet it is but justice that we record a testimonial of his old 
 friends and neighbors, awarded to Charles on his retirement from 
 breeding, soon after the public sale of his stock. It was the offering 
 of a valuable piece of plate with the following inscription : 
 
 PRESENTED TO 
 
 MR. CHARLES COLLING, 
 
 THE GREAT IMPROVER OF THE SHORT-HORNED BREED OF CATTLE, 
 
 BY THE BREEDERS 
 
 i^Uptaards o/jjfty), 
 
 WHOSE NAMES ARE ANNEXED, 
 
 AS A TOKEN OF GRATITUDE DUE FOR THE BENEFIT THEY HAVE DERIVED FROM HIS JUDGMENT, 
 
 AND ALSO AS A TESTIMONY OF THEIR ESTEEM FOR HIM AS A MAN. 
 
 iBlO. 
 
 The address and adroitness of Charles may possibly have had 
 something to do with this exclusive testimonial, to a share in which 
 we think his brother Robert was equally entitled. Uncharitable 
 minds might liken it to the defrauding of Esau of his birthright by 
 his more cunning brother Jacob, but as the more generous Robert 
 did not complain, we may suppose the offering to be an honest one, 
 so far as Charles was concerned. In summing up the labors of the 
 brothers Colling, from all the evidence we have been enabled to 
 glean — not forgetting the meritorious efforts of many of their con- 
 temporary breeders — they may be said, Robert equally with Charles, 
 to have improved the many admirable qualities of the Short-horns, 
 and in such result merited the appellation of benefactors. 
 
THE BOOTH SHORT-HORNS. 95 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Booth Family and their Short -horns. 
 
 In chronological order, next to the Collings, among the prominent 
 earlier breeders come the Booths. As our account must of necessity 
 be an intermixture of their several names in the notices of their herds, 
 an explanation of their personalities will, as we proceed, become 
 necessary. 
 
 Thomas Booth, the elder and first of the family connected with 
 Short-horn breeding, was contemporary with the Collings. His 
 grandson, the present Thomas C. Booth, related to the late Richard 
 L. Allen, of New York, who met him at the great Yorkshire Agricul- 
 tural Show, in August, 1869, that "his grandfather began breeding 
 Short-horns in 1777, at or near Studley Park, and was a neighbor 
 and rival of Robert and Charles Colling." Yet we have no particular 
 account of the earlier animals of his breeding, or what was their 
 particular character. We find no record of animals of their herd 
 earlier than such as are recorded in Vol. 1, E. H. B., where all their 
 animals trace their genealogy into bulls bred by the Collings, from 
 which it is presuiped that they derived their stock on the sires' side 
 chiefly, or altogether, from them some years after they began breed- 
 ing ; so that the elder Booth in the production of the stock which 
 gave him his chief celebrity bred them from the Colling bulls. The 
 legitimate foundation of his herds may be dated at Killerby, in York- 
 shire, about the year 1790. Previous to this he had become the 
 owner of the estates of Killerby and Warlaby, not far apart, and at 
 no great distance from Darlington, and within easy access to the 
 places then occupied by the brothers Colling. Thomas Booth had 
 two sons, Richard and John, both of whom afterwards became Short- 
 horn breeders, conjointly with, and succeeding their father. Of the 
 brothers, Richard was probably the most skillful, and being through 
 life a bachelor, with no family cares to divert his attention, his sym- 
 pathies and affections were chiefly absorbed in the propagation and 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 improvement of his stock ; John was also a good Short-horn breeder. 
 Like the brothers Colling, they interchanged, and bred mainly from 
 the same sources of blood. 
 
 Passing from the stage, a valuable portion of the herds of the 
 brothers fell into possession of the present Thomas C. Booth, of 
 Warlaby, son of John, and nephew to Richard. He is the Booth of 
 the present day, although his brother John and his son J. C. Booth, 
 of Killerby, are also Short-horn breeders to some extent, and chiefly 
 in the stocks of the family tribe. 
 
 With these preliminaries, necessary to the future narration of their 
 herds, we are fortunately favored with "The History of the Rise' and 
 Progress of the Killerby, Studley, and Warlaby herds of Short-horns, 
 by William Carr," published in London in 1867. This work, although 
 highly laudatory, and written apparently with a view of giving a 
 special prominence to the " Booth blood," is valuable in the many 
 facts it contains touching the career of the earlier Booths, and their 
 course of breeding, as also for its many hints and suggestions profita- 
 ble to breeders of the present day, and the information it conveys of 
 the dissemination of their animals. The book itself is scholarly in 
 style, graphic in narration, and if a poetic or imaginative tint is now 
 and then detected in its pages, they may be imputed only to the 
 enthusiasm of the author, and not to a disposition to mislead the 
 reader into a false estimate of the noble animals he so partially exalts. 
 
 We can do no better, perhaps, than to quote literally from the 
 work in question, with occasional explanatory notes of our own, in 
 order to give the reader a true history, so far as may be necessary for 
 our purpose, of the Booth Short-horns : 
 
 " Mr. Thomas Booth was no servile imitator. He was a contem- 
 porary of the Collings, and began his career quite independently of 
 them, as an improver of the cattle of the same district, and he com- 
 menced it nearly at the same time. Mr. Booth had been a breeder 
 of Short-horns many years when the celebrated Durham Ox, bred by 
 Mr. Charles Colling, was first exhibited throughout the kingdom, and 
 drew universal attention to the Short-horns. He afterwards did what 
 wisdom dictated, availed himself of the Collings' best blood, and 
 incorporated it with his own ; while his sons and grandsons at Killerby, 
 at Studley, and at Warlaby, have continued the same herd down to 
 the present time, and given it a world-wide fame. . 
 
 "Previously to the year 1790 Mr. Thomas Booth, who was then the 
 owner of the Warlaby and Killerby estates, and farmed them both, 
 commenced at Killerby the breeding of Short-horns. * * * He 
 
T H E B O O T H . II E R D S. 97 
 
 obtained his rudimentary stock from some of the best specimens of 
 these Teeswater Short-horns. He appears to have proceeded on the 
 principle that whilst the general similitude and mingled qualities of 
 both parents descend to the offspring, the external conformation — 
 subject, of course, to some modification by the other parent — is 
 mainly imparted by the male, and the vital and nutritive organs by 
 the female. Acting on this hypothesis, he was careful to select such 
 well-framed cows only as evinced, by an ample capacity of chest, a 
 robust constitution and a predisposition to fatten, and such moderate 
 sized males as possessed in the highest degree then attainable the 
 particular external points and proportions he deemed desirable to 
 impress upon his herd. A dairy farmer under Lord Harewood,. a 
 Mr. Broader,* of Fairholme, in the parish of Ainderby, appears to 
 have possessed some cows having the qualifications required. Tradi- 
 tion speaks of them as unusually fine cattle for that period ; good 
 dairy cows, and great grazers when dry; somewhat incompact in 
 frame, and steerish in appearance,f but of very robust constitution. 
 Previously to the year 1790, Mr. Thomas Booth had. bought some 
 calves from these cows. Strawberry Fairholme, Hazel (i. e. flecked 
 roan) Fairholme, and Eight-and-twenty-shilling Fairholme, purchased 
 from Mr. Broader's farm, have the honor of being the ancestresses of 
 several illustrious families of Short-horns. 
 
 " I have said that Mr. Thomas Booth selected moderate-sized males. 
 His observant eye had recognized, as indispensable to any improve- 
 ment in the symmetry of these Teeswater animals, the necessity of 
 reducing in size and stature their large, loosely-knit frames. With 
 this view he decided on selecting his bulls from the stock of his 
 contemporaries, Messrs. Robert and Charles Colling, who had them- 
 selves, to some extent, effected this reduction of size,I and improve- 
 ment of form and fattening capacity in their stock, chiefly through 
 the use of Hubback, a small, short-legged bull. Twin Brother to 
 Ben (660), bred by the CoUings, and Booth's Son of Twin Brother to 
 Ben (88), were the first bulls used by Mr. Thomas Booth to these 
 Fairholme heifers. These bulls had the short legs, the long and level 
 hind quarters, the firm backs and good twists, to which Mr. Thomas 
 
 * Mr, Broader's cattle do not appear among the early records of the English Herd Book. He 
 probably kept nothing but notes of his herd, if he kept pedigrees at all. — L. F. A. 
 
 t That ** steerish " appearance, in the keads^ particularly, still appertains to many of the purely 
 bred Booth cows of the present day. — L. F. A. 
 
 X It might be a reduction in size^ but it was an actual increase of weight which the Colling^ 
 effected by breeding smaller boned, more compact and massive animals, than their progenitors.— 
 L. F. A. 
 
9? HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Booth attached so much importance, and their offspring amply testi- 
 fied to his discrimination. It is recorded that one cow by the former, 
 and her daughter by the latter bull, produced six calves in one year, 
 the dam having twice produced twins, and the daughter once. Four 
 of these calves were heifers. Some of the offspring were very supe- 
 rior cows. In proof of the excellent foundation they afforded for the 
 formation of a herd,' it is affirmed on high authority that one of the 
 Twin Brother to Ben cows produced, to Son of Twin Brother to Ben, 
 a cow quite equal to Faith, by Raspberry, the dam of the famous 
 Hope. Many of the cows were deep milkers, but running dry sooner 
 than was then usual, when they gained flesh very rapidly. The late 
 Mr. Ewbank, of Sober Hill, questioning the milking capacity of 
 some of them in this condition, Mr. Thomas Booth pointed to their 
 broad backs, and exclaimed, ' Look there ! that is worth a few pints 
 of milk ! ' These cows were further open to Mr. Ewbanks criticism 
 as having raw noses, as he contemptuously termed that feature when 
 flesh-colored ; alleging that in his early days the farm stock was nearly 
 all black-nosed, and that he never knew a raw-nosed cow that was not 
 delicate — a prejudice which has long since passed away. 
 
 " Having thus judiciously selected the best animals procurable of 
 both sexes, Mr. T. Booth was careful to pair such, and such only, of 
 the produce of these unions as presented in a satisfactory degree the 
 desired characteristics, with animals possessing them in equal or 
 greater measure, and unsparingly to reject — especially from his male 
 stock — all such as were not up to the required standard. Having by 
 these means succeeded in developing and establishing in his herd a 
 definite and uniform character, he sought to ensure its perpetuation 
 by breeding from rather close afiinities, as in his opinion the only 
 security for the unfailing transmission, and transmission in an increased 
 ratio, of these acquired distinctions to the offspring. In tracing the 
 pedigrees of these herds, it will be seen that from the earliest period 
 the same system of breeding from close relations which was pursued 
 by the Collings was followed by the Booths. An examination of the 
 pedigree of Lady Maynard (alias the cow Favorite) will show to 
 what a length the system was carried by the earlier breeders, and how 
 closely the first families of the Colling strain were allied to the Booth 
 tribes. Further proof of this may be found in the pedigrees of the 
 earliest bulls used by Mr. Thomas Booth, namely. Twin Brother to 
 Ben (660), Suworrow (636), Albion (14), Pilot (496), and Marshal 
 Beresford (415). Take, for example, the three last named. Albion — 
 purchased at Mr. Charles Colling's sale in 1810, by Mr. T. Booth, Sr., 
 
THE BOOTH HERDS. 99 
 
 for 60 guineas, when a calf — was by a bull which was both a son and 
 grandson of Favorite (252); his dam was by a son of Favorite, and 
 his granddam by a bull who was not only a son of Favorite, but also 
 of Favorite's half-sister. Pilot, bred by Mr. Robert Colling, was by 
 Major (398) or Wellington (680). Major was by a son and grandson 
 of Favorite, his dam by a son of Favorite, his granddam by Favorite, 
 and his great granddam by Favorite. Wellington was by a son and 
 grandson of Favorite, and his dam was by Favorite. Marshal Beres- 
 ford was by a son and grandson of Favorite, his dam by a grandson 
 of Favorite, and his granddam by Favorite. Marshal Beresford came 
 into the herd in an exchange for some cows with Major Bower, Mr. 
 Thomas Booth's brother-in-law, a Short-horn breeder, then living at 
 Welham. On returning home one day, Mr. R. Booth found, to his great 
 annoyance, that his father had re-sold the Marshal to Major Bower. 
 He thought that if either had been parted with it should have been 
 Albion. It proved fortunate,, however, for the. Booth herd that Albion 
 was retained ; for though not so stylish as the Marshal in appearance, 
 he proved far superior to him as a sire. Albion is said to have done 
 more good in the herd than any other of the earlier bulls, notwith- 
 standing that he had, through Washington (674), one-sixty-fourth 
 part of the Alloy, which was the term of reproach cast upon Lady, 
 by Grandson of Bolingbroke, and her descendants in the early days 
 of Short-horn breeding.* The offspring of Albion were, in general, 
 very round, compact, and near the ground. 
 
 " I must here, however, revert to the Fairholme calves. A slight 
 survey of the tribes which have sprung from these early mothers of 
 the herd may not be without interest to some of my readers. From 
 them proceeded the Fairholme or Blossom tribe, the old Red Rose 
 tribe, and the Ariadne or Bright Eyes tribe. 
 
 " Of the Fairholme or Blossom tribe, one branch terminated in the 
 bull Easby (232). Another, which Mr. R. Booth took with him to 
 Studley, produced Moss Rose, by Suworrow, Madame, by Marshal 
 Beresford, Fair M3,id, by Pilot, Miss Foote, by Agamemnon (9), and 
 Young Sir Alexander (513). A third division, which, in the cow 
 Eve passed into the hands of Major Bower, has representatives in 
 the herd of Lord Feversham — Skyrocket, the first prize bull at the 
 Royal show at Leeds in 1861, being one of them. Of a fourth 
 branch — the descendants of Beauty by Albion — one portion remained 
 in the hands of Mr. John Booth, and produced Modish, sold to Mr. 
 
 ♦ See page 71 ante^ in notice of Charles Colling's breeding. — L. F. A, 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 R. Holmes (who bred from her Belzoni (783) ; the other passed into 
 the hands of Sir Charles Knightly, who had at one time several 
 representatives of it. From a fifth branch, retained by Mr. Thomas 
 Booth, sprang Twin Cow, by Albion, her son Navigator (1260), whose 
 spirited portrait adorns the dining-room at Warlaby, and a long array 
 of prize animals, amongst which may be mentioned Bloom, Plum 
 Blossom, Nectarine Blossom, Venus Victrix, Baron Warlaby, and 
 Windsor. 
 
 "The old Red Rose* tribe is extinct, except in the progeny of 
 Julius Caesar (1143) and Belshazzar (1703). 
 
 " From the Bright Eyes tribe, in the possession of R. Booth, at 
 Studley, came Ariadne, the prize cow Anna, by Pilot, and many other 
 fine animals dispersed at the Studley sale. 
 
 " Besides these Fairholme tribes, there was the Halnaby or Straw- 
 berry tribe, which also dates from this period. The first of them 
 was of that yellow red and white hue, which, though out of favor at 
 the present day, was then the prevailing color of the Short-horn. f She 
 was bought in Darlington market, and one of the earliest recollec- 
 tions of Mr. R. Booth was of that cow coming home. The type of 
 old Halnaby of 1797, who is said to have been a very finely made 
 cow, has often been reproduced in her descendants in the herd. Mr. 
 Thomas Booth considered this as one of his finest families, quite 
 equal to the Blossom and the Ariadne tribes. Young Albion (15) is 
 the first bull of note in the Halnaby family. He was much used in 
 the herd, and was one of the first that was let out on hire. He went 
 to Mr. Scroope's, of Danby Hall, near Middleham, who had a fine, 
 large, robust herd of cattle, related, through some of the bulls used, 
 to the Colling blood. In 1812, the Squire of Danby challenged Mr. 
 Thomas Booth to show, ' for rump and dozen ' (the usual stakes at 
 that day being rump stakes and a dozen of wine), the best lot of 
 heifers he had, against the same number of his own, the match to be 
 decided at Bedale. Although a good lot, the Danby had to give 
 place to the Killerby and Warlaby contingent. Of the Halnaby 
 tribe came also the bull Rockingham (2551), and Priam (2452), the 
 latter, sire of Necklace and Bracelet. The only female representa- 
 tives of the family are in the hands of the present Mr. Booth, of 
 Warlaby. From Strawberry 3d came the Bianca and Bride Elect 
 branch ; whilst the famous cow White Strawberry, the dam of Leon- 
 ard (4210), was the ancestress of Monk, Medora, Red Rose, and 
 
 • Not the Red Rose tribe of Robert Colling.— L. F. A. 
 
 t Roans, and whites, are still the prevailing colors of the Booth Short-horns. — L. F, A. 
 
THE BOOTH HERDS. lOI 
 
 her daughters, the queenly quartette. Young Matchem (4422) is 
 descended from White Rose, own sister of Young Albion, and there- 
 fore, on the dam's side, of the Halnaby family, and the same branch 
 of it gives the dam. Young Rachel, of Mr. Ambler's Grand Turk. 
 
 " The Bracelet tribe sprung from a cow by Suworrow, of whose 
 origin there is no record. She was the ancestress of a very superior 
 cow, calved in 1812, Countess, by Albion (14), the Alloy bull; also 
 of Toy, and her twin daughters Necklace and Bracelet, and of Col. 
 Towneley's Pearly, and Mr. Torr's Young Bracelet tribe. 
 
 " The early representatives of the above mentioned tribes formed 
 the herd of Mr. Thomas Booth down to the year 18 14, when (his 
 son) Mr. Richard Booth; taking the Studley farm, near Ripon, left 
 Killerby. Mr. Thomas Booth was at that time the most enterprising 
 and skillful improver of cattle in his district, if not of his day.* It 
 is said there were some cows in Mr. Thomas Booth's herd of that 
 period as good as any herd of the present time can boast ; though, 
 being bred for use rather than show, the generality of them were 
 wanting in the refinement of the modern Short-horn. At that period 
 there were, happily, no shows to demand the sacrifice of the best 
 cattle in the kingdom, or the few that were held could be reached by 
 the majority of cattle attending them only by such long journeys on 
 foot as would be impracticable by animals in such a state of obesity 
 as is now a sine qua non with the judicial triumvirate. High feeding 
 at that time meant no more than good pasture for cows early dried of 
 their milk ; and the term ' training ' was never heard except in rela- 
 tion to horses. The first breeder who introduced the system, which 
 . has since run into such ruinous excess, of house-feeding cows and 
 heifers in summer on artificial food, was Mr. Crofton ; and in that 
 year he, of course, took all before him in the show yards. The gen- 
 eral treatment of the females of a herd at that day was a simple hay 
 diet during the winter months. They were put early to breeding, 
 and generally calved at two years old* A few were taken from the 
 lot to milk. The remainder suckled their calves until winter. They 
 were then taken up, dried, and fed off by the time they were three 
 years old ; the same course being pursued, in their turn, with their 
 progeny. 
 
 " Mr. Thomas Booth was as liberal as his successors in allowing 
 the free use of his bulls to his poor neighbors ; and, like most public 
 benefactors, was occasionally imposed upon. A ludicrous instance 
 
 • Rather too laudatory, we think. — L. F. A. 
 
102 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 of this is still remembered. An old fellow at Ainderby, not contented 
 with the bull set apart for this purpose, and being anxious to have a 
 calf by another, that Mr. Booth especially prized and kept exclu- 
 sively for his own herd, took his cow into the lane adjoining the field 
 where the prohibited animal was grazing. The bull broke through 
 the fence ; and — the old Yorkshireman's object was achieved. The 
 latter, knowing how indignant Mr. Booth would be, thought it safest 
 to act on the principle of taking the bull by the horns ; and, assum- 
 ing an injured air, at once repaired to him, exclaiming, ' O maister, 
 maister ! sic an a thing has happened ! Your gurt ugly beast has 
 broken through t'hedge, and I doubt he'll hae gitten my cow wi' cauf 
 It's a sad bad job ; for I were boun' to feed her off.' 
 
 " Mr. Richard Booth's removal to Studley forms a new era in the 
 history of these herds. From 1814 down to its dispersion in 1834, 
 the Studley colony took precedence of the parent stock. We may 
 now, therefore, before proceeding with the history of the Killerby 
 Herd, turn our attention to that of Studley. 
 
 The Studley Herd. 
 
 "Mr. Richard Booth inherited with his father's name his full. share, 
 of his father's skill as a breeder, with an equal fondness for the pur- 
 suit; and his new farm, which he held under the wealthy and 
 well-known Mrs. Lawrence,* was speedily stocked with superior Short- 
 horns. He began with his father's cattle, and carried on to even 
 greater perfection his father's work. Among the first importations 
 which were made from Killerby to Studley, when Mr. Richard Booth 
 went there in 18 14, the following may be mentioned: He purchased 
 from his father Bright Eyes, by Lame bull (359), and her daughters 
 Ariadne, then a two-year-old, and Agnes, a yearling, both by Albion. 
 Ariadne was own sister to Agamemnon, the grandsire of Isabella, by 
 Pilot. She was the dam of the famous Anna, by Pilot (496), who 
 won numerous prizes at the best shows of the day ; and who, in 1824, 
 performed the feat of walking from Studley to Manchester, taking 
 the first prize there, walking back, and producing within a fortnight 
 Young Anna. Anna is said, by those who well remember her, to 
 have borne a very strong resemblance in color and character to Queen 
 of the Ocean. She was the dam of Adelaide, who, through her sire 
 Albert, was also granddaughter of Isabella. Adelaide was the highest 
 
 * Previously alluded to in a letter to the writer, by R. L, .Mien. — L. F. A. 
 
THE STUDLEY HERD. IO3 
 
 priced female sold at Mr. R. Booth's Studley sale in 1834, and was 
 the granddam of Mr. Storer's cow Princess Julia. From Anna, more 
 remotely through her daughter, Young Anna, are descended two of 
 Mr. Torr's families ; and from Agnes, daughter of Bright Eyes, came 
 Mr. Fawkes' Verbena and her descendants. Agamemnon, the own 
 brother of Ariadne, was a bull of extraordinary substarfce, with good 
 hind quarters, heavy flanks, deep twist, and well covered hips. He 
 was eventually sold, with two heifers, to Mr. White, of Woodlands, 
 near Dublin. Even in these early days Mr. Booth had bulls out on 
 hire. Alonzo (27), a son of Ariadne, by Rockingham (559), was let 
 to Mr. Hutton, of Marske, who, to promote the improvement of the 
 breed of cattle in his district, had at that time yearly shows on his 
 estate. Protector (1347), another bull of the Bright Eyes family, was 
 hired by Mr. Powlett, of Bolton Hall. He was a large, red bull, and 
 a capital sire. 
 
 " In the first year of his residence at Studley, Mr. R. Booth bought 
 in Darlington'market* the first of what was afterwards known as the 
 Isabella tribe. She was a roan cow, by Mr. Burrell's bull of Burdon 
 (1768), and, for a market cow, had a remarkably ample development 
 of the fore quarters. She was put to Agamemnon. The offspring 
 was 'White Cow,' which, crossed by Pilot, produced the matchless 
 Isabella, so long remembered in show-field annals, and to this day 
 quoted as a perfect specimen of her race. Pedestrians crossing the 
 fields to the ruins of Fountains Abbey might generally see her and 
 Anna, perhaps the two best cows of their day, with a blooming bevy 
 of fair heifers, attended by Young Albion (15); and many a traveler 
 lingered on his way to admire their buxom forms, picturing to himself 
 perhaps how the monks of the old abbey would have gloried in such 
 beeves." 
 
 It was from this estate that the name of " Studley bull " was given 
 to the noble animal, calved in 1737, through whose loins a larger 
 number of the noted older Short-horns trace their lineage than to any 
 other. His Herd Book pedigree only states that he was " red and 
 white, bred by Mr. Sharter, of Chilton." In a note to that pedigree, 
 
 * It is a pregnant fact, as the fashion of the day then was, before a Herd Book, recording the 
 pedigrees of Short-horns was established, or perhaps even thought of, and even to a much later 
 time, that the breeders and farmers of the Short-horn counties sent many of their valuable sur- 
 plus animals to the local fairs for sale. They had no written pedigrees, yet their breeders had 
 access to and used in their herds the pure bred bulls of leading breeders for some cattle genera- 
 tions back. They were Shori-hornSy to all intents and purposes, and probably as pure in blood 
 as any to be found. Not only the Booths, but other discriminating breeders purchased them, and 
 in their produce many noted animals have risen to well-merited distinction. — L. F. A. 
 
r04 HISTORY OF THE SIIO RT-lIO RNS. 
 
 written by the late Mr. Thomas Bates, he remarks that "he was of 
 the Barningham breed, which came from Studley, where they were 
 bred for many generations." So that the ancient domain of Studley, 
 as with Alnwick Castle, " home of the Percy's high-born race '' of men, 
 was equally a home of the high-bom race of Short-horn cattle. 
 
 " Isabella and her descendants brought the massive yet exquisitely 
 moulded fore quarters into the herd, and also that straight under-line 
 of the belly, for which the Warlaby animals are remarkable. That 
 such a cow should have had but three crosses of blood is striking 
 evidence of the impressive efficacy of these early bulls, and confirms 
 Mr. R. Booth's opinion that four crosses of really first-rate bulls of 
 sterling Mood upon a good market coki, of the ordinary Short-horn breed, 
 should suffice for the production of an animal with all the character- 
 istics of the high-caste Short-horn."* 
 
 " ' White Cow,' by Agamemnon, produced, besides the famous Isa- 
 bella, ' Own Sister to Isabella,' and Lady Sarah, and was then sold to 
 Mr. Paley, of Gledhow. Her dam, the Darlington cow, had previ- 
 ously been disposed of to the master of a boarding-school at Ripon, 
 one of whose pupils, Mr. Bruere, of Braithwaite Hall — a highly 
 esteemed friend of the late Mr. Booth's — well remembers the brim- 
 ming pails of milk she gave. ' Own Sister to Isabella ' was the dam 
 of Blossom, by Memnon (2295) (a son of Julius Cffisar and Straw- 
 berry, by Pilot), and Blossom was the dam of Medora, by Ambo 
 (1636), one of the neatest cows Mr. Booth ever bred. Medora was 
 sold to Mr. Fawkes, in whose hands she was the progenitress of his 
 Gulnare, Haidee, Zuleika, and others. Mr. Fawkes' Lord Marquis, 
 the first prize three-year-old bull at the Royal Show at Lewes, in 
 1852, and the Yorkshire Show at Sheffield, in the same year, was also 
 a descendant of Medora's. 
 
 "'A gentleman,' says the writer of 'Short-horn Intelligence,' 'who 
 has been mtimately conversant with the herds of Great Britain for at 
 least a quarter of a century, declares that one of the most interesting 
 sights he ever saw at an agricultural exhibition was on the show 
 ground at Otley, some years ago, when, after the judging, the famous 
 Booth cow Medora, by Ambo, was led round the ring, followed by her 
 six daughters, all of them, as well as the mother, decorated with prize 
 lavors. The daughters were Gulnare, Haidee, and Zuleika (by Nor- 
 folk) (2377); Victoria, and Fair Maid of Athens (by Sir Thomas 
 
 * The Americ.in breeder must understand that *' the ordinary Short-horn hrt'ed^^ named .nbove, 
 were true Short-horns, hut without Herd Book pedigrees, and not the coiitmoH cattle of the coini- 
 (ry, like ours. — L. F, A. 
 
THE STUDLEY HERD. lOJ 
 
 Fairfax) (5196); and a heifer named Myrrha, not in the Herd Book, 
 under that name at least, by Rockingham (2550).' 
 
 " Blossom was bought by the Earl of Lonsdale, at the Studley sale 
 in 1834, and, after breeding four calves, was slaughtered in 1840. 
 Own Sister to Isabella, also had Imogen, by Argus (750), which was 
 sold at the Studley sale to the Earl of Carlisle, and became the dam 
 of Isabel, by Belshazzar (1703). This Bdshazzar (1703),* who was 
 contemporary with Mr. Booth's Belshazzar of the old Red Rose 
 tribe, was from Lady Sarah, the third sister of Isabella, by Pilot. 
 Lady Sarah became the property of the Earl of Carlisle, and pro- 
 duced at Castle Howard three bulls and four heifers, one of which 
 was the' dam of Lord Stanley (4269), purchased by Messrs. Booth and 
 Maynard. 
 
 • "Isabella, by Pilot, now the best known to fame of the three 
 sisters, produced, at Studley, Isaac {1129), by Young Albion (15), 
 Albert (727) by the same bull, Isabella, sold to Mr. Bolden, Young 
 Isabella to Mr. Paley, and Belinda to the Earl of Carlisle, and four 
 others ; and on the sale of the Studley herd she alone was retained, 
 and transferred to Warlaby, where she gave birth, in her eighteenth 
 year, to Isabella Matchem, afterwards the dam, as will be seen, of a 
 numerous progeny. The demand for bulls was then only commenc- 
 ing. Isaac had been let for a year to Miss Strickland, of Apperley 
 Court, and on his return, Mr. Booth not requiring him, he was unfor- 
 tunately fed to make room for younger ones, before his eminent merits 
 as a sire had been discovered. The Isabellas had all greaf capacity for 
 rapidly acquiring ripe condition on pasture. As an illustration of the 
 fallaciousness of the usual mode of judging cattle by the softness of 
 their flesh, it may be worthy of mention that at one of the Yorkshire 
 agricultural meetings held at Northallerton, a grass-fed heifer, a 
 daughter of Isabella, by Ambo, was shown, and rejected as being 
 too hard-fleshed. Not breeding, she was slaughtered at York for 
 Christmas beef. Her two successful rivals also failing to breed were 
 slaughtered, and the palm for the best carcass of beef was awarded 
 to Mr. Booth's heifer over her Northallerton rivals. Nor is this case 
 without many a parallel in the history of Royal Shows. Numerous 
 as have been the prizes which the Booth cattle have received, their 
 number would have been greatly increased if jijdges had always care- 
 fully distinguished between flesh and fat. When their decisions have 
 
 * This must be a mistake of Mr. Carr's. The English Herd Book, Vol. 3, records Belshazzar 
 (1704) as the Son of Lady Sarah. Mr. Booth bred (1703). and the Earl of Carlisle bred (1704). — 
 L. F. A. 
 
106 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 been on this ground — as they often have been — adverse to the Booth 
 cattle, many an experienced butcher has proclaimed a very different 
 opinion; and could the a.]ppea.l ad crumenam have been adopted by 
 an immediate sale of the rival animals to the shambles, how useless 
 would it have been in most instances to contest the supremacy of 
 the Booths ! 
 
 "Another cow which Mr. Booth took with him to Studley was 
 Madame, by Marshal Beresford, also of the Fairholme Blossom tribe. 
 From her came Fancy and Fair Maid, both by Agamemnon. The 
 former was the dam of Fatima, a very neat, middle-sized cow, which, 
 put to Mr. Maynard's Sir Alexander (591), produced the famous bull 
 Young Sir Alexander (5139). This bull was the sire of Strawberry, 
 . whose daughter, White Strawberry, by Rockingham (559), held, per- 
 haps, equal rank in Mr. Booth's estimation with Anna, Isabella, and 
 her own contemporary rivals. Necklace and Bracelet. Fair Maid, 
 the other daughter of Madame, by Marshal Beresford, was the dam 
 of Miss Foote, whose descendants were very numerous, and were all 
 disposed of at, or previously to, the Studley sale. They united in a 
 remarkable degree the two properties of good milking and rapid 
 fattening. Fair Maid herself was sold to Mr. Ellison, of Sizergh, 
 where she bred many calves, and proved herself an excellent dairy 
 cow. Miss Foote was sold to Captain Shawe, and Fair Helen, her 
 daughter, who was the dam of the noted bull Cossack (1880), to Sir 
 Charles Tempest, with whom she bred four heifers. I remember, in 
 1853, a stray waif of this famous tribe in the ^ands of an inn-keeper, 
 at Clapham, in Yorkshire. It was, in fact, the broad, level back, and 
 symmetrical proportions of this cow, that induced me to purchase my 
 first Short-horn, her bull calf. The cow was a granddaughter of 
 Miss Foote, being a daughter of Lady Helen, then the property of 
 Mr. Foster, of Clapham. She was sacrificed whilst still in her prime, 
 her owner being tempted by the offer of a high price for her from a 
 butcher. 
 
 " Some mention of the bulls bred and used by Mr. Booth during 
 his residence at Studley seems here to be required. 
 
 " One of the first bulls of superior mark bred by Mr. Richard 
 Booth, after his removal to Studley, was Julius Caesar (1143), a bull 
 of very symmetrical proportions, which he had the merit of impress- 
 ing in a surprising degree upon his offspring. No matter how 
 dissimilar and opposite in form and breed the cows to which he was 
 put might be, the produce all bore the unmistakable stamp of their 
 sire. The offspring, by him, of the shabbiest lane-side cow, had. it 
 
THE STUDLEY HERD. 10/ 
 
 is said, all the character of the pure-bred Short-horn. It may be 
 worth while to inquire how far the remarkable property which distin- 
 guished this bull may be traced to the preponderating influence of 
 any particular progenitor or progenitors in his pedigrees, an investi- 
 gation of which, it may be here sufficient to say, will show him to be 
 descended half a dozen times, and some of them very nearly, from 
 Twin Brother to Ben. 
 
 " This circumstance lends weight to the opinion of many experi- 
 enced breeders, that, in general, the capability of a bull to transmit 
 to his offspring his own peculiar mould and properties depends upon 
 his having inherited them from a succession of ancestors endowed 
 with similar characteristics. It is doubtless to the concentration of 
 hereditary force thus derived that the extraordinary transmissive 
 power of such bulls as Comet, Favorite and Julius Caesar, is to be 
 attributed. At the same time it is a curious circumstance, and one 
 that should not be forgotten — as often modifying to some extent the 
 principle above enunciated — that amongst animals similarly bred there 
 are some bulls, and some cows too, that possess an immeasurably greater 
 transmissive influence than pertains to others. 
 
 " Pilot (496), another of the bulls of this period, was bred by Mr. 
 R. Colling, and purchased by Mr. T. Booth at the Barmpton sale in 
 1818, for 270 guineas. He was used in all the three herds, and there 
 was no bull to which they were more largely indebted. The close 
 in-and-in breeding of this animal has already been shown. He was 
 let to Mr. Rennie for a shojrt time ; but his stock at home proved so 
 good, that he was recalled at the expiration of his first season. Pilot 
 was a small, compact bull, somewhat undersized, but possessed of 
 great thriving propensity. He was a capital sire, and may be appro- 
 priately cited as a striking example of the preceding remarks, I am 
 indebted for this account of Pilot to one who remembers him well — 
 that old friend of the Booths, the much respected Nestor of the Short- 
 horns, Mr. Wetherell, who, like his friend Mr. Wiley, of BrandSby, is 
 still hale and strong, a living record. of early Short-horn times, from 
 whom younger men learn the lessons of the past.* Isaac, another 
 bull of note, bred by Mr. Richard Booth, has already been referred 
 to. Burley (1766) and Ambo (1636), both containing a large amount 
 of the Favorite blood, were partially used in the herd during the last 
 three years before the sale. 
 
 " In the year 1834 Mr. Richard Booth, finding that some of his best 
 pastures were required by their owner for other purposes, gave up the 
 
 • Mr. Wetherell died in February, 1871.— L. F. A. 
 
I08 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 farm at Studley, and selling off the whole of his herd, with the 
 exception of Isabella, by Pilot, retired to Sharrow, near Ripon. 
 After residing there for a year, which, from being bereft of his 
 favorites, he used to describe as the least happy period of his life, 
 Mr. R. Booth, in consequence of his father's death, succeeded to the 
 estate and Short-horn herd of Warlaby. The sale of the Studley 
 herd was a step which Mr. Booth always regretted, for many of the 
 animals it contained were, in his opinion, every whit as good as any 
 ,he afterwards bred. They were dispersed into many hands, and 
 though Old Cuddy's* assertion, that they have 'a' swealed away,' is 
 certainly too sweeping, it may be doubted whether, even in the hands 
 of very celebrated breeders, like Mr. Fawkes and others, the descend- 
 ants of these famous cattle have ever quite equaled their cousins at 
 Warlaby. 
 
 " It is now necessary to go back a quarter of a century to resume 
 the history of 
 
 The Killerey Herd. 
 
 "We have seen that in the -year 1814, Mr. Richard Booth took 
 with him to Studley some of the animals then forming the Killerby 
 herd. Mr. Thomas Booth shortly afterwards supplied the place of 
 these with other cows, which became the foundresses of three famous 
 tribes — the Farewell tribe, from which sprang Faith, Hope, and 
 Charity ; the Broughton tribe, from whence came Bliss, Blithe, and 
 Bonnet; and the Dairymaid, or Moss Rose tribe, from which are 
 descended Vivandiere, Camp Follower, and Soldier's Bride. The 
 first of the Farewell tribe came from Darlington ; the first of the 
 Broughton tribe from a dairy farmer in a village of that name, who 
 had some good cattle, but, pedigrees being slightly valued in those 
 days by the tenant-farmer class, nothing further is known about them, f 
 The first of the Dairymaid tribe came from an equally good stock in 
 the village of Scorton. 
 
 "In the year 1819, on the occasion of Mr. J. Booth's marriage, Mr, 
 T. Booth removed to Warlaby, giving up to his son, Mr. J. Booth, 
 the Killerby estate and a part of the Short-horn herd, and taking the 
 remainder with him. A portion of the Fairholme or Blossom tribe, 
 and of the Old Red Rose tribe, were removed to Warlaby, the 
 
 ♦ Mr. Booth's herdsman.— L. F. A. 
 
 + A fact like this may explain the want of pedigrees to the Kentucky importation of Short. 
 horns to America in the year 1817, only three years later than 1814. — L. F. A. 
 
THE KILLERBY HERD. IO9 
 
 remainder being left with Mr. John Booth. The Halnaby family 
 was also divided, but the. famous Bracelet tribe was all left at Killerby. 
 From this period down to the year 1835, when Mr. R. Booth suc- 
 ceeded to his father's herd at Warlaby, there is comparatively little 
 known of the two herds. The times were unpropitious for the Short- 
 horn. The spirit of improvement which the example of the Collings 
 had evoked only partially survived. There was a general depression 
 in all agricultural produce, and consequently but little demand for 
 animals, the purchase of which appeared at that time to partake so 
 much of the nature of a speculation. Not yet did 
 
 ' Generous Britons venerate the plow,' 
 
 or regard with respect bucolic occupations. A man gained more 
 eclat by a display of science and judgment in going across country 
 than in the breeding of cattle. In some districts, a gentleman almost 
 lost caste by devoting himself to such ignoble pursuits, and was sar- 
 castically dubbed, by his companions in the pink, *cow-scratcher.'* 
 
 " But though ' fallen on evil days,' the stock at Killerby was of 
 high character, and was frequently resorted to by the few good breed- 
 ers of that period for the purchase of animals. It is a house where 
 all comers were, and still are, regaled with the welcome of the olden 
 times. Killerby is one of the pleasantest of the pleasant homes of 
 England. It is a substantial, square, manor-house, picturesquely 
 situated on a gentle eminence to the south of the river Swale, and 
 two miles from Catterick, the site of the once important Roman 
 camp and city of Cataractonium. The house occupies the site of 
 the ancient castle of Killerby, once a stronghold of great magnitude, 
 founded in the reign of Edward the First by Sir Brian Fitzalan, Earl 
 of Arundel. It is approached by a road winding through verdant 
 pastures thrown together into the form of a park, adorned here and 
 there with noble elm and walnut trees. The estate consists of about 
 500 acres of arable and pasture land. The soil, which is very mixed — 
 gravel, strong clay, marl, and peat being sometimes found in the same 
 field — is more adapted for sheep than heavy cattle, though there are 
 two or three excellent pastures. Several of the inferior grass fields 
 have been plowed up of late, and heavy crops of oats and turnips 
 grown in their place, whidh has allowed the number of sheep kept to 
 be greatly increased. Although half-bred sheep are occasionally seen 
 
 * It win be seen that there were ebbs and flows in the demand for Short-horns in those days, — 
 most mistakenly for the interests of the stock breeding public, — as there have been since, — 
 L F. A. 
 
no HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 on the farm for summer grazing, the staple stock are pure Leicesters, 
 for the wool of which Mr. J. B. Booth, the present owner, has gained 
 several prizes at the Yorkshire shows. 
 
 " The late Mr. John Booth, of Killerby, was known and beloved 
 throughout the county as a strikingly genial example of the worthy 
 and hospitable northern agriculturist, ever devoting himself to the 
 service of his friends (and he had many) to the advancement of 
 agricultural improvement. The humblest, equally with the most 
 important, agricultural societies might always rely on his good offices, 
 whether as patron or judge, in which latter capacity being confessedly 
 unrivaled, he was in great request, and would most good naturedly 
 consent to officiate, though his doing so involved the exclusion of 
 his own cattle from competition. As might have been expected, 
 from his fine and manly character, he was also a keen sportsman ; 
 like Chaucer's squire, 
 
 ' Well could he sitte a horse and faire y-ride ;' 
 
 and Yorkshire, that modern Thessaly of horsemen, knew no more 
 thorough judge of hack or hunter. His skill in this respect still 
 survives in his sons ; many a field and many a showyard testify that 
 in this regard, as in others, Killerby has not degenerated from its 
 ancient fame. He had, too, a natural taste for the fine arts, and 
 when from illness he could not go far from home, he had his horses 
 led out, and would sit on the lawn, or in the hall, to paint them. 
 Here, too, his taste survives, and if I touch lightly on the subject it 
 is because more delicate fingers now hold the brush, and I would 
 not trespass unbidden upon the elegant recreations of Killerby's fair 
 Mistress. 
 
 "When, on the establishment of the national shows in 1839, the 
 superiority of the Killerby Short-horns had been proved in contest 
 with the best animals of the day, the herd attracted many visitors, 
 and its inspection was as free to all classes as were the fruits of its 
 owner's experience in breeding, which he was ever ready to commu- 
 nicate to the neophyte. It may not be uninteresting to the present 
 fair enthusiasts in Short-horn matters to learn, that in the absence of 
 her husband, the late Mrs. Booth — a lady who will long be remem- 
 bered in that neighborhood for her benevolent disposition and 
 engaging manners — would herself most affably do the honors of the 
 herd, leading the way to her especial favorites, and expatiating on 
 their pedigrees, points, and perfections, sometimes with a dash of 
 arch humor, and always with the grace and delicacy of the thorough- 
 
THE KILLERBY HERD. Ill 
 
 bred lady that she was. Mrs. Booth's sister, Miss Wright, had an 
 equally keen appreciation of the merits of a good Short-horn, and 
 would stop any one of kindred tastes, who happened to be passing 
 through Cleasby, to have a chat on her favorite topic, or to lead them 
 to the Garth (since known by his name), where in the fullness of his 
 days and honors repose the remains of Comet (155)."* 
 
 At Killerby the herd was carefully brfed, and many fine animals 
 reared, which are duly mentioned and exalted as prize-takers at the 
 shows, truly, no doubt, by Mr. Carr, but which we have not space to 
 record — all being represented in the volumes of the English Herd 
 Books of the times. Among the cows, very deep milkers are occa- 
 sionally named. Mr. Carr remarks : 
 
 "It does not appear that Mr. John Booth was a very frequent 
 competitor in the show-fields until the establishment of the Royal 
 and Yorkshire Shows in 1839. Before this time Short-horn cattle 
 were kept chiefly for dairy and grazing purposes ; the majority of 
 the male stock were steered, and many a fine heifer that took the 
 butcher's eye was converted into Christmas beef. Necklace and 
 Bracelet [twin heifer calves of Toy, before named] shared the pas- 
 ture and the straw-yard with the ordinary stock ol the farm until 
 nearly two years old. As calves they never had more milk than their 
 dam, who suckled them both, supplied; and, throughout the whole 
 of their victorious career, they derived their chief support from the 
 pasture, with a daily feed of corn meal and [oil] cake. Yet Bracelet 
 won seventeen prizes at the various meetings of the Royal Agricul- 
 tural Society of England, the Highland Society of Scotland, the 
 Yorkshire Society, and other local shows ; and at the Yorkshire Show 
 in 1841,'where she won the first prize for extra stock, the sweepstakes 
 for the best lot of cattle not less than four in number, was awarded 
 to Bracelet, Necklace, Mantalini, and Ladythorn. Necklace won 
 sixteen prizes and one gold and three silver medals at the various 
 meetings above mentioned, as well as at the Smithfield Club, f where 
 she finished her career as a prize-taker in 1846, by winning the first 
 prize of her class and the gold medal (for which thfere were thirty- 
 seven competitors) as the best animal exhibited in any of the cow or 
 heifer classes." 
 
 After relating at some length the practice of Mr. Booth's close 
 breeding, (for the brothers seldom bred any bulls of strange blood 
 into their herds after they had become permanently established, unless 
 
 • Vide page 75, ante, — L. F. A. 
 
 t The Smithfield Show at London^ is for/iz/^ and not breeding animals, — L. F A. 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 to take a single cross, and then at once to return to the blood of their 
 own stock,) and the names of sundry prize animals of the herd, Mr. 
 Carr remarks : 
 
 " It has been asserted by over-zealous advocates of the system of 
 close interbreeding, that the crosses of Mussulman, Lord Lieutenant, 
 Matchem, and others, introduced scarcely any fresh blood into the 
 Booth herds; for inasmuch as no alien bulls were used but those 
 whose veins were surcharged with the blood of Favorite, the recourse 
 to them was nothing more than a recurrence to, or renewal of, the 
 old family strain ; but this is really only what is true of every well- 
 bred Short-horn of the period, and therefore proves nothing. Take 
 any one of them, and trace back the pedigree of each of its progeni- 
 tors (vvhose numbers of course increase each generation back m a 
 geometrical progression), and this bull Favorite will be found to recur 
 directly and indirectly a surprising number of times. The following 
 elaborate calculations, for which I am indebted to the Rev. J. Storer, 
 of Hellidon, may be quoted in illustration of this : Mussulman is 
 64 times descended from Favorite ; namely, through Magnum Bonum 
 30, through Pirate 22, through Houghton 9, through Marshal Blucher 
 3 ; total, 64 times. Lord Lieutenant was 106' times descended from 
 Favorite, and Matchem 52 times. Crown Prince is 1,055 times 
 descended from Favorite, and Red Rose by Harbinger 1,344 times. 
 So the produce of the two are descended from him 2,399 times. 
 But work out the Duchesses or any Short-horns of good blood, and 
 the result will be found very much the same. It will not do, there- 
 fore, to claim bulls as of kindred blood on this ground only. 
 Moreover, it must in candor be admitted by the advocates of in-and- 
 in breeding that a careful consideration of the above facts leads to 
 one unavoidable conclusion. Very strong in-and-in breeding is a 
 totally different thing in our case from what it was in the case of the 
 earlier breeders, the Collings and Mr. Thomas Booth — so different 
 that there can be but little analogy between the two cases. They 
 bred in-and-in from animals which had little or no previous affinity. 
 We breed in-and-in from animals full of the same blood to begin 
 with. In our case the via media, and therefore the via salutis, would 
 seem to lie in the adoption of two apparently opposite principles — 
 in-and-in breeding, and fresh blood. It is manifest, however, that this 
 latter principle should be acted upon with extreme caution, or to a 
 very limited extent, when it is desirable to preserve and perpetuate 
 the distinctive type of any particular tribe, especially when, as in the 
 Warlaby herd, there is no visible deterioration in symmetry, sub- 
 
THE WARLABY HERD. II3 
 
 Stance, or stamina, or any want of fertility traceable to in-and-in 
 breeding. Yet even in such cases it is doubtless advisable to have 
 occasional recourse to remote alliances, taking care to have as many 
 removes as possible between members of the same family ; or, where 
 using bulls nearly related to the cows, giving preference to such as 
 have been subjected to different conditions of life, it being a well- 
 known physiological fact that a change of soil and climate effects 
 perhaps almost as great a change in the Constitution as would result 
 from an infusion of other blood."* 
 
 These remarks would, perhaps, be more in place when on the sub- 
 ject of breeding, but finding them here in connection with the Booth 
 system, now under discussion, they will be duly considered by the 
 reader. 
 
 In July, 1852, the Killerby herd was sold at auction. The sale 
 was largely attended by breeders from all parts of the kingdom. At 
 that time there was an unusual depression in all agricultural values ; 
 the prices at which the cattle sold were* comparatively low, and did 
 not realize at all what their several merits and celebrity demanded. 
 Some of them afterwards changed hands and sold for thrice the 
 prices they brought at the Booth sale. 
 
 Mr. J. Booth retained a few choice cows from the general sale, 
 which Mr. Carr says were of "distinguished lineage, and if more 
 recent in their origin, have given rise to other families proved to 
 trace that origin to the herds of the Booths, and the quiet meadows 
 of Killerby." Mr. J. Booth continued at Killerby until his death, in 
 1857, when his sons, Thomas C. and John, came into possession of 
 his herd. 
 
 The Warlaby Herd. 
 
 " It is now necessary to take a retrospect of the herd at Warlaby, 
 commencing with the year 1835, when Mr. Richard Booth, inheriting 
 the estate, went to reside there. Mr. Booth's residence at Warlaby 
 is a modest, unassuming, country house. It stands environed by 
 well-timbered paddocks, in a rich meadowy tract of country, bounded 
 by distant hills, and known as the Vale of the Wiske. It is one mile 
 from the village of Ainderby, of which it is a hamlet, and about 
 three from Northallerton, the central town of the North-Riding, in 
 Yorkshire. The farm, as occupied by Mr. Booth, consisted of 310 
 acres, about half in pasture ; other farms then let off, have since his 
 
 * Sound physiological principle that should be heeded by all careful breeders. — L. F. A. 
 
 8 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 death been added to it. The land is better in character than that at 
 Killerby ; it is chiefly clayey loam, and grows fine wheat and turnips, 
 and long hay. The pastures are well adapted for cows, but unsuited 
 for sheep, because liable to be flooded. The River Wiske, which 
 still retains its Gaelic name, Uisg (water), being the most sluggish of 
 all the Nprth Yorkshire brooks, and having the shallowest stream- 
 channel, frequently overflows the lower pastures, and large, deep 
 ditches, which have been fatal to many a good cow, intersect the 
 fields to carry off' the water. 
 
 "The house was everything that an old bachelor or his friends 
 could require; and many a visitor there can bear testimony that 
 within its walls reigned supreme the open-hearted northern hospi- 
 tality to an extent that Southrons know not. Many a valuable cup 
 and hard-won medal may there be seen ; the portrait of many a 
 prize-taker decorates its rooms ; and many a pleasant hour has been 
 spent and ancient story told in that quiet Short-horn home, while 
 the genuine old Squire 
 
 Refilled his pipe, ' and showed how fields were won.' 
 
 " Shortly after settling at Warlaby, Mr. Richard Booth had quite 
 made up his mind to give up the breeding of Short-horns, and had 
 already sold individual animals from the Strawberry and Moss Rose 
 tribes, when a bantering remark made by a. gentleman in the neigh- 
 borhood; to the effect that ' the Booths had lost their Blood,' incited 
 him to change his purpose, and put his friend's assertion to the proof. 
 The Warlaby herd had for some years past been kept very much in 
 the shade, Mr. Thomas Booth having been latterly intent only on 
 breeding useful animals, without aspiring to the honors, or courting 
 the notoriety of public exhibition; but Mr. Richard Booth felt 
 assured that it contained ample materials to enable him to guard the 
 laurels that had been bequeathed to him." 
 
 After giving with such luxury of description the home of Richard 
 Booth and its hospitable occupant, Mr. Carr goes into an enumera- 
 tion of most of the animals adopted as the bases of his productive 
 herd, for he had now made up his mind again to heartily enter the 
 list in competition with the other breeders of his vicinity for new 
 laurels and honors. He was an enthusiast in his love of Short-horns, 
 and as we before remarked having no domestic cares to withdraw his 
 attention, his whole mind was directed (as a Short-hom breeder's 
 should be, if he means to excel) to the propagation and improvement 
 of his herd, and in it he eminently succeeded. 
 
THE WARLABY HERD. II5 
 
 In glowing rhapsody of almost indiscriminate praise — a.nd we do 
 not say that any portion of his descriptions are untruthful — Mr. Carr 
 occupies fifty further pages with the names of animals which Richard 
 Booth bred, the tribes to which they belonged, the prizes he won, and 
 the applause he drew as a successful breeder. One author relates : 
 
 " It has been reported that Mr. Booth refused for his cow Queen 
 of the May, an offer of 1500 guineas,* the highest price ever bidden 
 for a Short-horn. The circumstances — which are given on the late 
 Mr. R. Booth's authority — are these : Two gentlemen from America, 
 apparently agents for an American company, came to see the herd, 
 and when they saw Queen of the May were completely riveted by 
 the fascination of her beauty. After dwelling for some time upon 
 her perfections, they inquired of Mr. Booth whether he would part 
 . with her. He replied that he ' would not sell her for the highest 
 price ever given for a Short-horn.' 'That, sir,' said one of them, 
 'was, I believe, 1200 guineas.'' Mr. Booth answered in the affirma- 
 tive. They consulted together, and asked him whether he would 
 take 1500 guineas, which Mr. Booth declined to do, remarking that 
 if she bred a living calf, and he had the luck to rear it, she was 
 worth more to him to keep, and they relinquished her with regret, 
 leaving on Mr. Booth's mind the impression that, if he had enter- 
 tained the idea, even that large amount might possibly not have been 
 their final offer." 
 
 It appears, among other things, that Mr. Booth had fallen into the 
 recently growing absurd and destructive practice of " training "' his 
 animals for the annual " Royal " and district exhibitions. This was 
 no less than loading them with excessive fat in order to win prizes. 
 This mode of " training " injured them for months, or years, and in 
 frequent instances for life, as breeders, bulls and cows alike, and him- 
 self, in common with others, severely suffered in consequence. Yet 
 knowing the ill effects of such practice, it is still kept up in England, 
 and we fear that it will yet leap across the ocean, to some extent, in 
 America. We trust not, but there is no knowing to what extremes 
 of rivalry our spirited breeders may venture to win the honors so 
 eagerly sought at our public exhibitions. This system, Mr. Carr says, 
 Mr. Booth "strongly deprecated," but was obliged to fall into it or 
 give up showing his animals in competition at the exhibitions. 
 
 At Warlaby, in the enjoyment of an ample estate, surrounded by 
 faithful servants, happy in the fidelity of his old herdsman, "Cuddy," 
 
 * A higher price has been offered and refused in the United States for a cow. Both offer and 
 refusal were bonajide^ as we Icnow. — L. F. A. 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 who was frequently assisted in his minor duties by his equally faithful 
 and brave-hearted old wife, " Nanny ;" his trusty /ac totum, John White, 
 living on the farm from his boyhood, " who was butler, waiting servant, 
 and valet to him, as well as registrar-general of the births, deaths, 
 and marriages, and all else that transpired in the Warlaby herd," 
 Richard Booth lived, dispensing a wide hospitality to his friends and 
 acquaintances, and, in his charities, ever mindful of the needy. 
 
 " When illness had confined Mr. Booth to the house, and Cuddy 
 had become less active, John made it his business, in addition to his 
 household duties, to keep a watchful eye on the cattle — especially 
 the young or ailing ones — in the neighborhood of the house. So 
 admirably did he discharge this self-imposed duty, so methodical 
 were his habits, so retentive his memory, and so scrupulous his 
 observance of his master's orders, that the active management of the 
 herd mainly devolved upon his shoulders, and Mr. Booth found him 
 an invaluable auxiliary. 
 
 "Last, not least, came doughty Willie Jacques, the farm-bailifF, 
 who had been upwards of forty years in the family. He first lived 
 with Mr. R. Booth at Studley, who sent him to Warlaby in the old 
 master's time, to take the management of the arable land and work 
 people. Willie Jacques' pride was rather in the nameless nonde- 
 scripts of the farm, the bullocks and half-bred heifers, which converted 
 his marvelous root and clover crops into goodly rounds and lordly 
 barons of marbled beef, than in the pampered aristocrats of the herd, 
 bom to consume the fruits of the soil whether earned or not. Proud 
 as Willie was of their triumphs in the show-field, nothing exasperated 
 him like the failure on the part of any of them to contribute their 
 yearly quota towards the increase of the herd. Willie Jacques had a 
 capital head for tillage and general farming, and was always at his 
 post, from which nothing could move him but the Christmas Fat 
 Show at Smithfield. Tse seea thrang I canna gang,' was his answer 
 to all invitations. Curt of speech and unceremonious in bearing was 
 Willie Jacques in his sturdy northern independence; but get him 
 upon the subject of his kind old master, and all the frost of his , 
 nature melted away, and you found that under that dry, almost blunt 
 manner, a heart as kindly as a child's was hidden. In one of the 
 rooms at Warlaby hung an admirable portrait of this highly respecta- 
 ble and respected steward of the Warlaby estate. 
 
 " But there was one other personage, to forget whom in a sketch of 
 Warlaby would be fatal to the character of any historian — a person- 
 age who, though seldom visible, has contributed to the visitor, perhaps 
 
THE WARLABY HERD. II7 
 
 not the least comfortable reminiscence which an Englishman carries 
 away with him from any place of passing interest ; and that is Ann, 
 faithful Ann, that white-bibbed paragon of natty spruceness — the 
 housekeeper. She came, nobody knows how many years ago, to 
 nurse the former housekeeper, an old friend of hers, who was ill, and 
 who died at Warlaby ; and Ann continued until Master could find 
 one to suit him, which he never did, and so Ann remained still ; and 
 many are the visitors who can testify to the excellence of the pigeon 
 pies, apricot tarts, and other delectable cates, which those brisk and 
 clever hands have fabricated." 
 
 This is a delightful picture, and we are happy to chronicle it in 
 such happy connection. " The good old man " died with the resig- 
 nation of a Christian, October 31, 1864, at the ripe age of seventy-six 
 years, and was buried " beneath the shade of the old gray tower of 
 Ainderby, which looks down upon the scene of his useful and quiet 
 labors. But Warlaby is there still, and his kith and kin retain its 
 hall and herd." 
 
 We here take our leave of Mr. Carr and his interesting history, 
 and can only refer those wishing further particulars relating to the 
 recent breeding of the Booth stock, to the book itself. The present 
 Thomas C. Booth succeeded to the Warlaby estate, and a considera- 
 ble part of the herd, on the death of his uncle Richard. The labors 
 and sagacity of the Booth family^-father and sons — whatever merits 
 may be truthfully given to their contemporaries, place them, with the 
 Collings, in the roll of benefactors. As to the improvements made 
 by the Booths in the style or merits of their stock we have little, if 
 anything to say, as. so many of their cattle, and their direct descend- 
 ants, are now alive, both in England and America, that every observer 
 can form his own individual opinion. In their practice of breeding 
 they followed the Collings ; that is, breeding chiefly within the blood 
 of their own herds, only going beyond them when they supposed by 
 such course they could supply a deficiency of quality, and that 
 object achieved, returning to their own blood as the polar star of 
 their progress. That they bred eminently fine cattle no one will 
 dispute; but whether they have proved preeminent in all the fine 
 qualities which perfect a Short-horn, those conversant with them 
 will judge. They have a style, in some respects, peculiarly their own, 
 and as with all other animals of prominent mark, have their warm 
 advocates, as well as those who look upon them with less favor. 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Thomas Bates — His Short-horns and their Breeding. 
 
 Partially contemporary in time, but much younger in years, Mr. 
 Bates came onto the stage during the full career of the Collings and 
 the elder Booth. He established himself as a breeder in the later 
 days of the Collings, and obtained his earliest Short-horns directly 
 from Charles, and afterwards from the herds of Robert, which formed 
 the foundation for his ultimate success in breeding. 
 
 We have recently been favored with a book entitled " The History 
 of the Improved Short-horn or Durham Cattle, and of the Kirkleaving- 
 ton Herd, from the Notes of the late Thomas Bates, with a Memoir by 
 Thomas Bell, Brockton House, Eccleshall, Staffordshire." The book 
 contains 375 pages, small octavo, compiled by one who intimately 
 knew Mr. Bates, and for many years was a tenant and herdsman on 
 a portion of the very considerable farm which Mr. Bates occupied at 
 Kirkleavington, not far from Darlington. 
 
 Of Mr. Bates, we have for more than thirty years past known 
 somewhat, both in his various writings, from what other Englishmen 
 have written about him, and from men on both sides of the Atlantic, 
 who were personally acquainted with him and his herds of cattle, so 
 much as to learn his personal character, his manner of breeding, and 
 the extent of success which he achieved in the long course of his 
 action. From Mr. A. B. Allen, of New York City, who visited Eng- 
 land in the year 1841, and for some time was a guest of Mr. Bates, 
 we obtained the first particulars of him as a Short-horn breeder, and 
 through Mr. A., as editor of the ''''American Agriculturist" he was 
 first prominently introduced to the acquaintance of the Short-horn 
 breeders of the United States. A few of his animals had previ- 
 ously — in the year 1834 — come to America through the purchases 
 of an importing company formed in the Scioto Valley, Ohio. Not 
 long afterwards he sent over, as a present, to Kenyon College, in Ohio, 
 two or three animals. In 1840 he sold to Mr. George Vail, of Troy, 
 N. Y., a bull and cow, which will be hereafter noticed. 
 
THOMAS BATES' BREEDING. II9 
 
 While at his home in 1841, Mr. Bates told Mr. Allen that he 
 intended to write a history of the Short-horns for publication, and 
 had already made many notes for that purpose. That history, how- 
 ever, he never wrote out, nor published. From those notes and 
 various letters and other publications left by him, at a period of twenty 
 years after his decease Mr. Bell has compiled his book, together with 
 various collateral matter drawn from the writings of others, and inter- 
 spersed with occasional notes of his own, some few of which are 
 original with himself. 
 
 Of Mr. Bell's book, its matter and compilation, we have but little 
 to say, as a literary labor. It lacks methodical arrangement. It has 
 not even an index, other than the discursive titles at the heads of its 
 several parts, or chapters, and they in no consecutive order of sub- 
 ject, time, or place. Its chronology is deficient, few dates being 
 given, and what there are of them playing hither and thither in 
 ambuscade, as may happen during a period of sixty years, disjointed 
 and diffictflt to connect. In the absence of quotation marks in the 
 text, we hardly know what is the composition of Mr. Bates, and what 
 the compiler's, except by guess, while the various letters and public 
 addresses of Mr. Bates and others are appropriately marked, but in 
 the same disordered arrangement of time as the other parts of the 
 work; yet, by close examination, we can understand them. The 
 book is not, in fact, a lucid history of either the Short-horns, or even 
 of Mr. Bates, or his cattle breeding, but rather loose memoranda and 
 sketches of history left by Mr. Bates and others. We exceedingly 
 regret that during his life time Mr. Bates himself could not have 
 written out his memoranda — for he was capable of doing it — aiid left 
 to the world an intelligible general history of the Short-horns, as well 
 as those of his own breeding. Such a work should have been done 
 by an Englishman, capable of performing it. To obtain a continuous 
 narrative of Mr. Bates' proceedings one is obliged to skip over numer- 
 ous pages, and then turn back to keep a thread of his "history," and 
 arrive at a clear understanding of bis action. Still, there is much 
 valuable matter scattered throughout the book which, by diligent 
 research, the reader may appropriate and digest into important 
 information. Yet, bating its deficiencies, we are thankful for the 
 work Mr. Bell has given us, as some new facts, through Mr. Bates' 
 version of them, are stated in his memoranda, containing important 
 information, which, if not hitherto secret, or but partially known, 
 throw light on disputed questions, setting previous inaccuracies at 
 rest. 
 
120 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Although from what we had previously learned of Mr. Bates, we 
 deemed him a man addicted to controversy, prejudices, and crotchets, 
 his writings now show him actually to be such, for his biographer has 
 covered nothing of these foibles, although his compilations truthfully 
 illustrate him as of unexceptionable private character, and decided 
 moral worth. The crowning ambition of his life to breed and furnish 
 the world a herd of Short-horns that should exhibit to posterity his 
 skill as a breeder is fully developed. So much for the book. We 
 propose to give from this and other authorities a synopsis of Mr. 
 Bates' life and proceedings in all that is important to be known relat- 
 ing to him and his stock-breeding career, without either partiality or 
 prejudice, and if in the course of our remarks we sometimes touch 
 on his inconsistencies, or censure his assertions, it will only be in the 
 cause of truth and accuracy of historical facts. 
 
 With all his partialities and prejudices, Mr. Bates was sound in 
 heart and morals ; he blurted out his opinions irrespective of whom 
 they pleased or offended, and if he sometimes made enemies, he had 
 also his warm, attached friends. He was rather tory in his politics, a 
 decided " protectionist," and an advocate of the " corn laws " in prin- 
 ciple ; a statesman to some extent, in his teachings, which his early 
 • good education, together with his naturally broad and clear observa- 
 tion of the times, had helped him to become. He was kind to the 
 poor, liberal in his charities, both private and public, a sound adhe- 
 rent of the established church — rather of the " low " order — a com- 
 panion and associate among the most intelligent classes of men, and 
 like others of generous sympathies, loved the distinction and honors 
 that were frequently conferred upon him. His personal habits were 
 abstemious and temperate ; his hospitality was open, genial, and lib- 
 eral, to peer, or peasant ; his hand ever free to the claims of distress ; 
 his conversation winning, and open-hearted, abounding in well-told 
 anecdote, and sparkles of wit ; his affections kindly, and although a 
 life-long bachelor, he loved children, whose companionship was always 
 a source of pleasure to him. In short, bating his minor eccentricities 
 of character, like very many Short-horn breeders of his own and the 
 present day, Mr. Bates was — a gentleman — with some oddities. 
 
 Thomas Bates was born on one of the estates belonging to the 
 Dukedom of Northumberland, in the year 1775, in the valley of the 
 river Tyne, on a place called Tyneside, at Ovington Hall, of a respect- 
 able family, among the elder branches of which had been a Member 
 of Parliament, a Professor in the Colleges, and a Divine of the Church. 
 In his boyhood he was early sent to a grammar school ; afterwards 
 
THOMAS BATES' BREEDING. 121 
 
 spent a considerable time in the University at Edinburgh, and 
 received a good education. Being of rather a slender constitution, 
 and studious in habit, he was intended for the Church; but that 
 calling not suiting his more active temperament, he chose agriculture 
 as a profession. He began his agricultural education at Aydon 
 Castle, in the neighborhood of which lived George Culley, an emi- 
 nent stock breeder and agricultural writer, from whom young Bates 
 in his frequent intimacies took sound lessons in his newly-chosen 
 pursuit. This period of his life must have been at about sixteen or 
 seventeen years of age ; but according to some of his own remarks 
 in later years, he speaks of knowing the CoUings and their stock as 
 early as 1782. So early a day, however, we think a mistake, as in 
 that year he could only hive been five or six years old. There are 
 other anachronisms of date in some of his narrations of events, inad- 
 vertent, possibly, but which, if true, would make him many years 
 older than he is stated. In an article written by him in 1842, he says : 
 " It is now above sixty years since I became impressed with the im- 
 portance of selecting the very best animals to breed from, and for 
 twenty-five years afterwards lost no opportunity of ascertaining the 
 merits of the various tribes -of Short-homs." This would put his 
 birth back some years anterior to 1775, the date given by his biogra- 
 pher, as he could scarcely be expected to have much judgment in 
 the way of cattle before he was at least twelve or fifteen years old. 
 There may possibly be an error as to his birth in 1775, as we have 
 heard it remarked by several persons who knew him not long previ- 
 ous to his death in 1849, that he must, from appearances and his own 
 statements, have been at the time of their conversations with him, 
 although active and vigorous, quite eighty years . of age. The fact, 
 is now of little consequence ; but that at a very early age he had 
 imbibed a passionate love of farm stock, there can be no question. 
 
 After a few years at Aydon Castle, and under his majority, he 
 became a tenant farmer under his father on the estate of Park End, 
 in the vale of North Tyne, where he showed his aptitude for farming 
 and improving land, fencing, and various other economies in agricul- 
 ture. There he remained until the year 1800, when he took the 
 extensive farm and estate of Halton Castle, also in Northumberland, 
 where he began stock rearing and grazing on his own account. It 
 appears that he first adopted the Kyloes, or West Highland cattle, 
 which it was the custom to drive in large numbers from the rougher 
 lands in Scotland down to the richer farms of the north of England, 
 to fatten for market. Soon afterwards, these not altogether suiting 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 his purpose, he made a visit to the Collings, and was attracted by the 
 superior qualities of the Short-horns of their several herds. He saw 
 the "Durham Ox," bred and reared by Charles, and the peerless 
 "White Heifer that Traveled," bred by Robert, and immediately 
 concluded to adopt that blood for his future breeding. 
 
 At this point it may be well to mention that Mr. Bates had by gifts 
 from his father and his own earnings come into possession of several 
 thousand pounds, with which to commence and prosecute farming 
 and stock breeding on a considerable scale, and although a "tenant 
 farmer," a comparatively large amount of capital was necessary to 
 establish himself in that branch of business. " At entering on the 
 farm at Halton Castle he received from his father many excellent 
 cattle, and also the improved Leicester sheep. He also obtained 
 some Cleveland bay horses, which at that time had been bred to 
 great perfection on Tyneside. The swine, and even poultry, did not 
 escape his attention ; but it was to his herds of cattle that he devoted 
 his greatest attention. He bought cows of Messrs. Colling in 1800, 
 but I can find no record of them."* It appears that so far as the 
 Short-horns were concerned he soon made a determination to obtain 
 the very best animals which his purse would command, of unimpeach- 
 able blood, and without regard to the profits he should make from 
 them, establish a herd second to none other, and found an enduring 
 reputation as a breeder. This determination, therefore, may be the 
 key to the various controversies in which he was afterwards engaged, 
 and the acrimony with which some of his future correspondence with 
 other breeders was tainted, and into which he was probably goaded 
 by their accusations upon him. Of positive convictions, and deter- 
 mined purposes, he had the pecuniary means to prosecute his plans, 
 and hesitated at nothing which should honestly accomplish them. 
 
 On looking over the Colling herds his attention was peculiarly 
 attracted to the stock descended from the "Stanwick," or first 
 "Duchess" cow (of which Charles had become possessed in 1784), 
 and the bull Hubback, which it did not appear that Colling himself 
 so highly appreciated as to retain it solely to his own use. In a 
 letter written by Mr. Bates to " The New Farmer's Journal" in 
 November, 1842, he gives this account: "Having purchased my 
 original cow Duchess [calved in 1800, got by Daisy bull (186)], of 
 this tribe of cattle, of the late Charles Colling thirty-eight years ago." 
 With some notes on several remarkable animals which he had seen 
 
 • Bell's History, pp. 119-30. 
 
THOMAS bates' BREEDING. 123 
 
 of this stock, he continues : " I selected this tribe of Short-horns as 
 superior to all other cattle, not only as small consumers, but as great 
 growers, and quick grazers, with the finest quality of beef. My first 
 Duchess calved at Halton Castle, June 7, 1807. She was kept on 
 grass only, in a pasture with nineteen other cows, and made in butter 
 and milk for some months above two guineas per week." Not know- 
 ing the prices of either milk by the gallon, or butter by the pound, 
 at that time, a statement of the quantity of each, which the cow 
 made, would be more satisfactory to readers of the present day. 
 
 The pedigree of his original cow, above named, of the Duchess 
 tribe, runs thus : Got by Daisy Bull (186) [Daisy Bull was by Favor- 
 ite (252), dam by Punch (531), gr. d. by Hubback (319)], out of 
 Duchess, by Favorite (252), — Duchess, by Hubback (319), — (Stan- 
 wick) Duchess, by James Brown's red bull (97). This cow Mr. Bates 
 took to his farm at Halton Castle. Finding by the use of Short-horn 
 bulls on his Highland cows how wonderfuHy it improved their size 
 and quality as feeding animals, he was now fully confirmed of their 
 superior value when in their purity of blood. 
 
 The cow "Duchess, by Daisy Bull," had produced Charles Colling 
 a heifer, by Favorite (252), before, and in the same year that Bates 
 purchased her, which heifer Colling retained. The year succeeding 
 that in which Mr. Bates purchased the cow, she produced the bull 
 Ketton (709), also by Favorite, which he retained for his subsequent 
 breeding. Producing no heifer calves to him, Bates sold the cow in 
 the year 1809, to a Mr. Donkin. While in the latter hands she bred 
 several calves, but her heifers, if she had any, left no produce. At 
 seventeen years of age, having done breeding, she was fed off and 
 made an excellent carcass of beef. She was always a great milker. 
 
 Having his eye continually on this Duchess blood, at the final sale 
 of Charles CoUing's herd in 1810, a two-year-old heifer, "Young 
 Duchess," by Comet (155), dam by Favorite (252), gr. d. by Daisy 
 Bull (186), etc. [this gr. d. being the same "Duchess, by Daisy Bull," 
 previously purchased of Colling by Mr. Bates], was advertised in the 
 herd to be sold. She was a granddaughter of " Duchess, by Daisy 
 Bull," and as will be seen by the pedigree above mentioned, closely 
 interbred to the blood of Favorite (252). This heifer Bates deter- 
 mined to possess, but fearing to openly bid for her himself, (as Mn. 
 Colling, who was as shrewd and knowing a manager in the cattle line 
 as her husband, and had well known of Bates' predilections for that 
 blood, might covertly run her up to an exorbitant price,) he got another 
 party to do the bidding, and the heifer was struck off" to him at 183 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 guineas (a trifle over $900).* Much chagrin was afterwards mani- 
 fested by the CoUings when they found that Bates was the purchaser, 
 and Mrs. C. declared to him that had they known it was his bid that 
 was made, the heifer would have been run up to twice or thrice the 
 amount before he could have taken her ! So it appears there was 
 some chicanery practiced in those early days of cattle sales. Bates, 
 however, triumphed on the result of his bargain, as in this heifer he 
 had secured, as it afterwards proved, his grand success and crowning 
 glory as a Short-horn breeder. He called the heifer Duchess 1st, 
 (the first one of her tribe recorded in the Herd Book,) and in his 
 hands she became the founder, on the female side, of his Duchess 
 tribe, which he exclusively bred for thirty-nine years afterwards, and 
 which are continued in the hands of several owners in England and 
 America to the present day. 
 
 Mr. Colling had been in possession of the tribe since he bought 
 the original Duchess (Stanwick) cow, in the year 1784, twenty-six 
 years previous to this transfer of Duchess 1st to Mr. Bates, so that 
 the tribe on the side of their dams at the present time shows an 
 unbroken lineage of eighty-eight years. 
 
 In 1 82 1 Mr. Bates left Halton, and removed to a farm of 300 acres, 
 at Ridley Hall — whether in Northumberland or Durham, we are not 
 informed — which he had purchased (tenant right, we suppose) in 
 1818, and remained nine years, until 1830; but the place not alto- 
 gether suiting him, and being rather inconvenient of access, he 
 purchased Kirkleavington, an estate of about 1000 acres, in the valley 
 of the Tees, and removed there in that year. He had now, by vari- 
 ous manipulations and profitable trades in the disposition of his 
 farms and otherwise, together with a legacy from an aunt, become 
 possessed of about ^^20,000 ($100,000), which afforded him ample 
 means with which to prosecute his cattle breeding and other labors, 
 and gave him leisure to take part in the political, as well as econom- 
 ical questions of the day, touching the agricultural interests of the 
 country. 
 
 Kirkleavington is thus described : " It is pleasantly situated on 
 rising ground in the vale of Cleveland, and mostly on the new red 
 sandstone formation. It contains some excellent grass land. It had 
 been the seat of the Percys, and afterwards belonged to the Strath- 
 more family, and was many years occupied by the Maynards, well 
 
 * The only bull of the pure Duchess blood in CoUing's possession at the 1810 sale — Duks 
 (226) — was sold to Anthony Comptou, Carham Hall, Northumberland, for 105 guineas. 
 
THOMAS BATES' BREEDING. I25 
 
 known in Short-hom history."* To Kirkleavington, in the midst of 
 ^the famed Short-horn localities, which surrounded it, he brought his 
 cattle stock of the several families of which it was at the time com- 
 posed. In possession of Duchess ist, by Comet (155), in the year 1810, 
 he had Worked industriously on by the use of the " Ketton " bulls, with 
 her breeding. Down to the year 1819 that cow had produced him 
 four heifer calves, viz.: Duchess 2d and 3d, by Ketton ist (907); 
 Duchess 4th and 5th, by Ketton 2d (710); and one bull [Cleveland 
 (146)], by Ketton 3d (349). These Kettons were solely of the Duchess 
 tribe, and as closely interbred as may be imagined, which their pedi- 
 grees will show. Yet it appears that Mr. Bates was not altogether 
 satisfied with the exclusive use of the Duchess blood in his bulls. He 
 once remarked to a gentleman who told us the fact, (and we have seen 
 the same statement under his own name,f ) that he at one time offered 
 Robert Colling 100 guineas ($500) to have his ist Duchess, by Comet 
 (15s), served by his "White bull" (151), whose dam and granddam 
 were both by Favorite (252). "White bull" was of the "Princess" 
 tribe, closely related to the Duchess, but strangers on the remote 
 d m's side to the blood of the latter, she running back several gen- 
 erations to "Studley bull" (626). Colling refused the offer, and 
 Bates was disappointed. 
 
 Down to the year 1831 Mr. Bates had bred thirty-two Duchess 
 cows, and in the production of all he had used his bulls of purely 
 Duchess blood with the exceptions of Marske (4i8),J which was sire 
 to Duchess 7th, 8th and 9th, and Young Markse (419), § which was 
 sire to Duchess nth. Still, having no other resource that suited him 
 for a bull outside of his own herd, and holding an abiding faith in 
 the value of the Duchess blood beyond any other than what was 
 contained in "Colling's White bull "(151), and which latter blood, in 
 the crosses that he particularly liked, had hitherto been out of his 
 reach, he bred on with his Duchess bulls — after the Kettons — Cleve- 
 land (146); The Earl (646); The 2d Earl (1511); The 3d Earl 
 (1514); and 2d Hubback (1423),! down to the year 1831, in which 
 
 * Bell's History, p. X3X. 
 
 t Bates' letter to " Mark Lane Express," written in 1842. 
 
 X Marske was bred by Robert Colling, calved in z8o6, got by Favorite (252), dam by Favorite 
 (252), — ^by Favorite (252), — by Punch (531). — by Hubback (319), — by Snowdon's bull (6x2), — by 
 Masterman's bull (422),— by Harrison's bull (292),— by Studley bull (626), a pedigree full of the 
 best blood. 
 
 S Young Marske was got by Marske (418), out of Duchess 4th, by Ketton 2d (7x0), etc. He 
 was of thorough Duchess descent excepting the cross through Marske, his sire. 
 
 i 2d Hubback was but half >«r« Duchess blood, being got by The Earl (646), out of Red Rose 
 iHt, by Yarborough (705), — The American Cow, etc. 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 his 3 2d Duchess (the last one begotten exclusively by the Duchess 
 bulls, with the exception of the Marske and 2d Hubback crosses) 
 was calved. 
 
 With the production of Duchess 326, Mr. Bates halted, and wisely. 
 From the possession of his Duchess ist, in 18 10, for a period of 
 twenty-two years, we find but thirty-one of her female descendants 
 recorded in the Herd Books. There were, meantime, sundry bulls 
 dropped from them, but mostly sold to other breeders, excepting those 
 which he had used in breeding, and even they had been, during some 
 seasons, let out for service to various parties. The simple fact was, 
 the Duchess cows, as a whole, had not been prolific, or constant 
 breeders, through abortions or other causes, and whenever they passed 
 a year or two without breeding, he fed off and slaughtered them.* 
 The bulls descended from them showed no lack of virility, and Bates 
 still contended that the tribe had increased in their fineness of quality, 
 were admirable feeders, and good milkers when breeding. He was 
 at a stand how further to proceed, and was really — unhappy. He 
 had little faith in the blood of his neighboring breeders, however 
 good many of their individual animals might have been, (a crotchet 
 of his own, perhaps,) and although he had tried one or two of their 
 bulls on some of his other tribes of cows, he did not, except in two 
 or three individual cases, risk his Duchesses with them. From his 
 occasional attacks on their blood (for he was prone to speak his mind 
 freely of what he either liked or disliked) he had somewhat aroused 
 their ire, and could find no relief in anything they had to offer him, 
 if indeed, any offer of their assistance was made. He would not go 
 to the Booths, as they contended that four crosses of well-bred pedi- 
 gree bulls, on good, well-bred cows, originally without recorded pedi- 
 grees, were sufficient for the establishment of standard blood. Nor 
 would he go to Mason, Wetherell, Maynard, or any other of the old 
 breeders for a bull, as he found some flaw or other, more or less, in 
 their pedigrees, or with being tainted late in the last century with the 
 " Alloy " (Galloway) blood of Charles Colling, through the " Grandson 
 of Bolingbroke " (280). 
 
 Hearing that Mr. John Stephenson, living at Wolviston, about 
 twelve miles distant, had some stock descended from the Princess 
 tribe of Robert Colling (and of which Stephenson had become pos- 
 sessed through Sir Henry Vane Tempest, and his wife, the Countess 
 of Antrim, who had years before bought it from Colling), he rode 
 
 • Bdl's History. 
 
THOMAS BATES' BREEDING. I27 
 
 over there one day to see whether he could find anything to suit 
 him. In passing a stable on his way to the house, through a window 
 opening into it, he spied the head of a bull which immediately 
 excited his curiosity. He went in and there saw Belvedere (1706). 
 He proceeded to the house, met Mr. Stephenson, and asked his 
 price for the bull. He had used him several years, being then, 
 in 183 1, six years old, and not caring for further use of him, a 
 bargain was struck. The next day Mr. S. drove the bull to Kirk- 
 leavington, and Mr. Bates paid ;^so ($250) for him. The bull's 
 pedigree was fully ascertained to the satisfaction of Mr. Bates, being 
 essentially of the blood of Robert CoUing's White bull (151), through 
 descents of the same, character, and he thus became established for 
 some years, as the future breeding bull of Mr. Bates' herd. His 
 pedigree is thus given in Vol. 3, English Herd Book : 
 
 "(1706.) Belvedere. — Yellow roan, calved April 6, 1826, bred 
 by Mr. Stephenson, the property of Mr. Bates, Kirkleavington, near 
 Yarm, got by Waterloo (2816), dam Angelina 2d, by Young Wyn- 
 yard (2858), — ^Angelina, by Phenomenon (491), — ^Anne Boleyn, by 
 Favorite (252), — Princess, by Favorite (252) [bred by R. Colling, 
 and own sister to his White bull (151)], — by Favorite (252), — by 
 Hubback (319), — by Snowdon's bull (612), — ^by James Masterman's 
 bull (422), — by Mr. Harrison's bull [bred by Mr. Waistell, of Burdon] 
 (292),* bought of Mr. Pickering, of Sedgefield, by Mr. Hall." 
 
 With the possession, of Belvedere, in the next year he had by him 
 two Duchess heifers — 33d from Duchess 19th, and 34th from Duchess 
 29th. In 1833 he had one heifer. Duchess 3Sth, by Gambier (2046) 
 [by Bertram (17 16), bred by Mr. Whitaker, an outside cross alto- 
 gether from his Duchess tribe]. In 1834 he had two Duchesses, 36th 
 and 37th, by Belvedere. In 1835 he had 38th Duchess, by Norfolk 
 (2377) [bred by Whitaker, got by 2d Hubback (1423), one-fourth 
 part Duchess and the other three-fourths good blood, running back 
 into the Colling stock], and Duchess 39th, 40th and 41st, by Belve- 
 dere. In 1837 he had Duchess 42d and 43d, by Belvedere, which 
 were the last heifers of the tribe got by him. 
 
 On the introduction of Belvedere to his herd Mr. Bates used him 
 freely on his other tribes in which his crosses will be found on exam- 
 ination of their pedigrees in the Herd Books, up to the year 1837. 
 Having had the use of him now six years, and needing him no 
 
 * These figures, in the Herd Book^ are a mistake, being (669), which we have corrected. (669) 
 is Waistell's bull, got by Masterman's bull, in Belvedere's Herd Book pedigree. 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 further, as he then had several young bulls got by him of Duchess 
 and other families; and determining that his blood go no further 
 directly into other hands than his own, he had him slaughtered. 
 
 In the year 1838 we find three Duchess heifers, 44th, 45 th and 46th, 
 were produced by Short Tail (2621) (calved in 1835, by Belvedere, out 
 of Duchess 32d), and in 1839 three more, 47th, 48th and 49th, (48th 
 and 49th being twins), also by Short Tail. This bull, although fine 
 in quality, was inferior in size and not commanding in appearance, 
 yet Mr. Bates always said he was one of the best getters he had used. 
 He bred him freely to many of his cows outside of the Duchess tribe. 
 In the last named year (1839) he also had one Duchess, 50th, by 
 Duke of Northumberland (1940) (calved in 1835, by Belvedere, out 
 of his own daughter, Duchess 34th, having two direct crosses of 
 Belvedere in him). > 
 
 The crosses of Belvedere on the Duchess, as well as on the other 
 tribes of cows belonging to Mr. Bates, as he had anticipated, proved 
 eminently successful, as had also those of Short Tail and Duke of 
 Northumberland. The fame of this last named bull has been so 
 widely spread, both in tradition and history, that a further notice of 
 him is scarcely necessary. His pedigree is fully shown in the Eng- 
 lish Herd Book, and his qualities are familiarly known wherever the 
 Short-horns are intelligently bred.* His dam. Duchess 34th,f was a 
 remarkable cow, both as a milker and in the exceeding symmetry of 
 her form. At a year old she broke one of her legs, and was con- 
 fined in the stable, most of the time in slings, for the better part of a 
 year. Yet, when recovered, she grew up a stately cow, although 
 from her constant milking and continuous breeding, she was usually 
 low in flesh. She was never but once exhibited at a show, and then 
 at nine years old, took the first prize over one of — if not the very 
 best show cows in England at the time — Mr. Booth's famous Neck- 
 lace, at four years old. 
 
 Duchess 34TH Offered to go to America. 
 
 There is one fact which — years ago — ^we had publicly stated, and 
 since repeated, relating to this cow, which was that Mr. Bates early 
 
 * While Mr. Bates owned Duke of Northumberland (and he died his property) he was at vari- 
 ous times offered almost fabulous prices for him, but would not listen to any of them, deter- 
 mined that so good a bull should never go out of his own possession. 
 
 t Duchess 34th produced six living calves, viz.: Duke of Northumberland (1940), ad Duke 
 of Northumberland (3646), and Duchess 43d, all by Belvedere ; also Duchess 46th, and 3d and 4th 
 Dukes of Northumberland (3647) and (3649), by Short Tail (3621). Duchess 34th also produced 
 one premature birth, and another bull calf, which lived but two months, making eight calves in 
 all. 
 
'i ^ 
 
 W" 
 
 
' _ THE MATCHEM COW. I29 
 
 in the year 1834 offered to sell her, then two years old, to Mr. Felix 
 Renick, to be taken to the United States. This fact has been dis- 
 puted here — ^but only on the negative testimony of a party who went 
 out with Mr. Renick, and did not personally hear either the offer or 
 its refusal. To set the truth of the fact at rest, which we stated (as 
 received in the year 1841, from Mr. A. B. Allen, of New York, to 
 whom Mr. Bates himself told it), we quote from a letter of Mr. Bates 
 to Mr. Renick, written a year or two after the latter was in England : 
 " Broken Leg (Duchess 34th), I offered you at 100 guineas. If you 
 were to send twenty times that sum for her and her produce, I would 
 not take it now." The full letter is found in "Bell's History," p. 227. 
 She had, when the letter was written, produced the bull Duke of 
 Northumberland (1940) to Mr. Bates, and it proved fortunate for him 
 that Mr. Renick did not take her. 
 
 We here temporarily leave the Duchess tribe to notice a new intro- 
 duction into his herd, viz. : 
 
 Thk Matchem Cow, 
 
 By which we arrive at another era in the choice breeding of Mr. Bates 
 through the infusion of a new cross of blood into his Duchess tribe, 
 and the history is too important to be omitted. We condense it from 
 Mr. Bates' own account, as given in " The New Farmers' Journal" 
 (English), dated August 6, 1841. "I purchased her in 1831, she then 
 being four years old, at the sale of Mr. Brown, ^who had purchased 
 her granddam at public sale many years before. The catalogue of 
 Mr. Brown's sale only stated that the cow was by Matchem (2281),* 
 and her dam by Young Wynyard (2859). The pedigree then traced 
 no further — the original owner of the stock being dead previous to 
 the sale [at which Mr. Brown bought her] — but I have since learned 
 from those who knew the stock for many years, that the greatest 
 
 * The published pedigree of Matchem (2281), E. H. B., states that he was got by Bormy Face 
 (807) or St, Albans (14x2), but the fact has since been generally conceded among the older breed- 
 ers that St. Albans was the true sire of Matchem. St. Albans was a pure Princess bull, being got 
 by Wynyard (703), out of Nell Gwynn, by Phenomenon (491), — Princess, by Favorite (252), — by 
 Favorite (252), etc., running back through Hubback (319) to Studley bull (626). 
 
 An odd story, connected with St, Albans, is related by Mr. Dixon in ^^ Saddle and Sirloin^* 
 The bull was at first called " Prince," and fell into the hands of a Mr, Wood, who did not at all 
 appreciate him, and sold him to a butcher^ whom Mr, Mason covertly engaged to buy him for 
 fya ($100). Three years afterwards Wood being at Chilton (Mr, Mason's place), he caught a 
 glimpse of St, Alban's head^ then fifteen years old, and exclaimed : " ^hy^ this is tny old 
 Prince : he was bought to kilV^ Mason, however, better knew the value of the bull. He had 
 re-named him St, Albans, and bred him in his herd, and the bull thus became the sire of a noted 
 progeny. — L, F, A,' 
 
 9 
 
I30 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 attention had been paid to their breeding, and that the former owner 
 had only used bulls of the Wynyard or Princess blood from the time 
 the late Sir Henry Vane Tempest purchased that tribe from the late 
 Robert Colling, now near forty years ago."* 
 
 To this Princess blood, as has already been observed, Mr. Bates 
 had always been attached, and now, in this Matchem cow, from her 
 appearance, and what he had learned of her breeding, he hoped for 
 good results in her produce — after his own manner of obtaining them. 
 When he purchased her he put her into the hands of his tenants, 
 Messrs. Bell, for whom, including those in Mr. Brown's hands, she 
 bred five, what Mr. Bates called, inferior calves, from being put to 
 what he, in his criticising temper, called inferior bulls. He took the 
 cow from the Bells at the price he originally paid for her, _;^ii ($55), 
 believing that if bred to his own bulls of the Duchess tribe, she would 
 breed first class stock. 
 
 Matchem Cow was white in color, of good size and symmetry, and 
 a most excellent milker, to which latter quality Bates was always 
 partial, and strived to promote through the whole course of his breed- 
 ing. Her sire, Matchem, on his dam's side, run back into the 
 Favorite, Foljambe, Hubback and Maynard blood ; so that the cow 
 was considered by Mr. Bates to be a proper instrument to work a 
 fresh infusion of blood into his own Duchess tribe, although the latter 
 had been crossed but a few years before into the blood of Belvedere. 
 The cow came into Bates' herd early in 1833, and in November fol- 
 lowing she produced a roan heifer calf to Gambier (2046), of which 
 calf we have no account beyond her birth ; but Matchem Cow being 
 put to Duke of Cleveland (1937) (by Bertram (1716), out of his 26th 
 Duchess), she produced in November, 1834, Oxford Premium Cow, 
 so called from having afterwards taken the first premium at the 
 "Royal" Show at Oxford in the year 1839. f 
 
 ~ " ■ ■ .. ■ ■—■■..-■ —— — -^.■■..■■■-.-.1— ■'-'■ > > ■ 
 
 * In the recorded pedigree of the bull Young Wynyard, he is stated to be bred by the Countess 
 of Antrim. This la^y bore that title in her own right of descent, altogether independent of her 
 then husband. Sir Henry Vane Tempest, who was only a Baronet in title, and of course less in 
 rank than his wife, she having the legal right to retain her title irrespective of the name of her 
 husband. It was on her estate of Wynyard that the bull Young Wynyard was bred ; and although 
 both husband and wife bred Short-horn cattle, each had them as their own personal properties. 
 The Wynyard bulls and the cows from which they were descended, were through three crosses 
 by Favorite (252), bred back to Hubback (319), and for several generations beyond, to the original 
 ** cow bought of Mr. Pickering," about the year 1739, all of Robert Colling's Princess tribe, — 
 L. F. A. 
 
 t Two of Oxford Premium Cow's bulls afterwards came to America ; one. Locomotive 92 (4243) 
 pjy Duke of Northumberland (1940)}, for Mr. J, C. Letton of Kentucky; the next, Duke of 
 Wellington 55 (3654) [by Short Tail (2621)], for Mr. George Vail, Troy, N. Y. In January, 1836, 
 Matchem Cow also produced a bull calf by Duke of Cleveland — made a steer ; in December of 
 
THE DUCHESS TRIBE. 131 
 
 After growing up, fit for service, Mr. Bates bred the 1st and 2d 
 Cleveland Lads, and 2d Duke of Oxford (9046) (by Duke of North- 
 umberland; out of Oxford 2d, above mentioned) to more or less of 
 his Duchess cows, until the year of his death, in 1849. Thus the 
 two families of Duchess and Oxford (Matchem Cow), became incorpo- 
 rated, and the bulls of either tribe were severally used to both classes 
 of the cows, not only during Mr. Bates' life, but they have been, with 
 few exceptional crosses by bulls of other good blood, so continued to 
 the present day, under the more general term of "the Bates blood." 
 The female descendants have, however, always been kept separate in 
 both name and classification of Duchess, or Oxford, running back in 
 their own female genealogies ; but now, after so long an interbreeding 
 of nearly forty years, become almost of identical blood. 
 
 Return to the Duchess Tribe. 
 
 Following the year in which Duchess soth, by Duke of Northumber- 
 land (1940), was calved, in 1840, came Duchess 5 ist, by Cleveland Lad 
 (34°7)- I** 1841 came Duchess szd, by Holkar (4041) (mainly of 
 Belvedere and Duchess blood). In 1842 came Duchess 53d, by Duke 
 of Northumberland. In 1844, Duchess S4th, by 2d Cleveland Lad 
 (3408), Duchess S5th, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649), and 
 Duchess s6th, by 2d Duke of Northumberland (3646). In 1845, 
 Duchess 57th, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408). In 1846, Duchess 5 8th, 
 by Lord Barrington (9308) (with three direct Bates crosses in him). 
 In 1847, 59th Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), and 60th, by 
 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649). In 1848 came 6ist, 62d and 
 63d Duchess, by 2d Duke of Oxford; and in 1849, 64th Duchess, by 
 2d Duke of Oxford, being the last of the Duchess heifers calved in 
 Mr. Bates' possession. 
 
 We have been thus minute in enumerating the Duchess tribe while 
 in Mr. Bates' hands, to show with what pertinacity he adhered to his 
 own plans of breeding, and how he concentrated in them the strains 
 of blood which he considered most valuable to effect his purposes. 
 It was not, as he always remarked, simply to make money out of 
 
 the same year she produced Cleveland Lad (3407) ; in March, 1838, 2d Cleveland Lad (3408) ; ana 
 in April, 1839, the heifer Oxford 2d, all three of them by Short Tail (2621), From this last calf 
 of Matchem Cow, Oxford 2d, with the exception of Oxford 4th, calved in 1843, by Duke of 
 Northumberland, which is the last calf Oxford Premium Cow produced, all the legitimate race of 
 Oxford's bulls and cows have proceeded. Having produced ten calves Matchem Cow was put 
 dry, and after feeding, made a carcass of 850 pounds of beef. Mr. Bates described her as being 
 remarkably healthy, hardy, and an extraordinary milker. 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 them — and which, in fact, he never did — but to achieve a success in 
 breeding up a herd which should, in future hands, carry his name 
 down to posterity. In this he succeeded after an anxious labor of 
 forty years, as is fully evinced in the almost fabulous prices at which 
 they have been sold and still sell — $3,000 to $5,000 each, and even 
 more than the latter price for bulls, and much higher prices for cows, 
 when they can be purchased at all, which is seldom ; in such close 
 corporation do their owners hold them that such an event in Short- 
 horn history is properly worth recording. Nor, need these prices be 
 altogether called infatuation. Many noblemen, as well as common- 
 ers in England, who can wield the purses, and intelligent, enterpris- 
 ing men in America, who have the spirit and means at command, 
 are eager to purchase and breed one or the other, or both the 
 "Duchess" and "Oxfords," and when they feel unable or unwill- 
 ing to grapple with the " pure Bates " in its fullness, they strive to 
 get all they can of the blood wherewith to cross their herds. Such 
 is the fact, in the year 1872 ; and although a succeeding generation 
 may call it a folly, yet the additional fact that the use of this blood 
 on both sides of the Atlantic has improved the qualities of many of 
 the Short-horn race, and increased their popularity with their breed- 
 ers, proves that the result has been both good and profitable. 
 
 Notwithstanding the above laudatory remarks, let it be understood 
 by the reader that we take no sides in the question of the superior 
 merit of the " Bates stock " over many others of different strains of 
 blood and breeding. We only write history. There no doubt may 
 be, and are, individual animals of divergent blood, and miscellaneous 
 breeding, of pure Short-horn stock equally good — ^possibly better 
 than the average animals of the "Bates stock," and perhaps equally 
 valuable for practical uses. Of this each one will judge for himself; 
 we wish, in our remarks, to prejudice nothing. 
 
 Mr. Bates' other Tribes. 
 
 Of the Oxford tribe, from the year 1834 to the year 1849, inclusive, 
 Mr. Bates had bred fourteen females. 
 
 Of the Waterloo tribe (the first cow got by Waterloo (2816), dam 
 by Waterloo (1816), being two crosses by that bull, as we find in her 
 pedigree. Vol. 3, E. H. B., which he bought at Thorpe, Durham), 
 Mr. Bell's history gives the following account written by Mr. Bates: 
 " I have seen the gentleman who bred the Waterloo cow, lately, and 
 he stated to me that he and his father had had the breed for fifty 
 
BATES' OTHER TRIBES. 133 
 
 years; and that they were well descended all that time, having had a 
 Son of Comet (iss)» and other blood before the cross of Waterloo 
 (2816)." Of these Mr. Bates bred, from 1832 to 1849, inclusive, 
 from the original cow, twelve females. 
 
 Of the Red Rose tribe, springing from the original one he bought 
 of Mr. Hustler, (descended from the "American Cow," previously 
 mentioned,) from 'the year 1821 to the year 1833, inclusive, he bred 
 eleven females. Taking a premium with the r3th of the tribe, calved 
 in 1834 (the 12th in descent from the original, Red Rose ist), at the 
 Cambridge Exhibition, she was afterwards called Cambridge Rose, 
 and the successive heifers of the Red Rose family were called Cam- 
 bridge Rose down to the year 1849, inclusive, of which there were 
 seven in number, making eighteen of the entire number of females 
 descended from the original cow. 
 
 Of the Wild Eyes tribe, Mr. Parrington, of the Middlesbro' farm, 
 near Stockton, on the river Tees, a good Short-horn breeder, sold 
 his herd (Mr. Bell says in the year 1831, but this must be a mistake, 
 as the birth of the calf which Mr. Bates bought there with her pedi- 
 gree in the 3d and 5th Vols. E. H. B., is dated in 1832), and Mr. 
 Bates bought a roan heifer calf called Wildair ; but after going to his 
 farm she obtained the name of Wild Eyes. She was got by Emperor 
 (1975), dam by Wonderful (700), etc. (This cow has, by some, been 
 confounded with the famous cow Wildair, bred by Robert Colling, 
 but not so, being of altogether different descent from her.) The 
 full pedigree of the tribe is recorded in the cow Wild Eyes 26th, 
 imported by Mr. Cochrane, of Canada, Vol. 9, p. 1008, A. H. B. Of 
 this tribe Mr. Bates bred from his first calf bought of Mr. Parrington 
 from the years 1835 to 1849, inclusive, twenty-nine females. 
 
 Of the Foggathorpe tribe, Mr. Bates bought the original cow Fog- 
 gathorpe, of Mr. Edwards, Market Weighton. She was then ten 
 years old, got by Marlbro' (1189), out of Rosebud, by Ebor (997), 
 etc. Her full pedigree is in Vol. 5, p. 386, E. H. B. From her 
 descended five females, bred by Mr. Bates from the year 1840 to 
 1850, inclusive — the last calf being dropped after Mr. B.'s death. 
 
 Many bulls, and possibly some females, were sold from these tribes, 
 but no females from the Duchess and Oxfords, during the years 
 that Mr. Bates was breeding them. Of the latter two families we 
 have seen no account in other hands previous to his decease. The 
 females were all bred to Mr. Bates' Duchess and Oxford bulls, with 
 few exceptions, and the exceptions possessed much of their blood. 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Colors of the Bates Herds. 
 
 It may be of some interest to know the prevailing colors attached 
 to the various tribes of Mr. Bates' breeding ; not that we deem any 
 particular color or shades, or admixtures of color, from deep red to 
 pure white, objectionable — all being equally legitimate in Short-horn 
 blood — but there was more uniformity in the colors of Mr. Bates' 
 herd probably than in any other large one of his time. 
 
 To trace back the colors of the ancestry of Duchess ist, by Comet : 
 The original one of the tribe — the Stanwick Cow — ^was a yellowish 
 red roan ; her sire, J. Brown's red bull, of course, was red in colon 
 What was the color of her daughter, by Hubback (he was yellow-red 
 and white), we are not informed ; but the granddaughter, Duchess, 
 by Daisy bull (his color not given), was red roan, with some patches 
 of white intermixed. Of the other daughter, by Favorite (he was 
 roan), we have no information ; but her daughter, Bates' Duchess 
 I St, by Comet (he was light roan), was red and white, the red largely 
 predominating. The bulls, Ketton ist, 2d and 3d, which Mr. Bates 
 used for the next seven years in the Duchess breeding, were mostly 
 red, with some white. Marske (418), the next bull, was roan. The 
 next bull, Cleveland, was red and white. Young Marske, red and 
 white. The Earl, yellow-red, some white. The 2d and 3d Earls, 
 both red and white; 2d Hubback, yellow-red and white. These 
 were the bulls used down to the year 1832, when Belvedere was 
 brought into the herd. All the Duchesses descended from these 
 bulls down to the 3 2d, inclusive, were red and white (the red largely 
 predominating 'over the white), excepting the 12 th, red, and 19th, 
 which latter was yellow-red. 
 
 Belvedere was yellow-roan in color. Six of his Duchess heifers 
 were roan ; three red and white, and one red ; the only Duchess 
 heifer calf got by Gambler (red) was red also ; the only one got by 
 Norfolk (roan) was also roan. Short Tail (red and white) got five 
 red and white, and one red, heifers. Duke of Northumberland (red 
 roan) got the first and only pure white heifer ever bred by Mr. Bates 
 of the Duchess family, and another roan heifer. Cleveland Lad 
 (red roan) got one Duchess heifer, roan. Holkar (deep red with 
 little white) got one Duchess heifer, red and white ; 2d Cleveland 
 Lad (roan) got one red, one red and white, and one roan Duchess 
 heifer; 2d Duke of Northumberland (red and white) got but one 
 Duchess heifer, red and white ; 4th Duke of Northumberland (red 
 
COLORS OF THE BATES HERDS. 135 
 
 and white) got two red heifers. Lord Barrington (red and white) 
 got one Duchess heifer, red; 2d Duke of Oxford (roan) got two 
 roans, one red roan, one red and white, and one red heifer, the last 
 one finishing up all the Duchesses of Mr. Bates' breeding. 
 
 Matchem Cow, the original dam of the Oxford tribe, it will be 
 recollected was white, and from her came the lighter colors which fol- 
 lowed in her progeny, all of her seven calves, after coming into Mr. 
 Bates' possession, being roans, and red roans. Only one of the heifers 
 of this tribe was white. She was Oxford 3d, by Duke of Northum- 
 berland (red roan), out of Oxford Premium Cow, roan ; another of 
 them W4S red and white, by the same bull, and out of the same cow ; 
 another was red and white, and all the others roan. 
 
 Of the Waterloo tribe, four were roans, four red, three red and 
 white, and one yellow-red and white. 
 
 Of the Red Roses, nine were red and white, and two roan, and of 
 their successors, the Cambridge Roses, three were roans, one white, 
 one red and white, and one red. 
 
 Of the Wild Eyes, seventeen were roan, two red, six red and white, 
 one yellow-red and white, and two white. 
 
 Of the Foggathorpes, the original dam was roan, and of the pro- 
 duce one was white, the next one red and white, and the remaining 
 three roan. 
 
 It will thus be seen that of all Mr. Bates' chosen tribes the red and 
 white largely prevailed in his Duchess and Red Roses ; the roans in 
 the others, and the whites were seldom found in either. We draw no 
 inferences either of partiality or prejudice which Mr. Bates had in 
 the way of colors, only stating the fact as matter of history. To the 
 present day red, and red and white, prevail in the Duchess, and red 
 and white, and roans prevail in the Oxfords, with now and then a 
 rare exception of white in either tribe, while the other tribes have 
 been so widely scattered and crossed by other and divers bulls, that 
 we can scarcely keep track of their colors as having any fixed 
 peculiarity. 
 
 It may be asked, Was Mr. Bates successful in winning prizes on his 
 stock at the various exhibitions of Short-horns held in England 
 during the time of his breeding ? 
 
 As we find among his. numerous communications on that subject, 
 he was, as a rule with himself, opposed to prize exhibitions of his 
 stock at the various cattle shows, for the reason, as he remarked, 
 that there were few men among the judges usually appointed on 
 these occasions, fit for the duty. He once remarked that "there 
 
136 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 were a hundred men fit for a Prime Minister where there was one 
 competent to act as a proper judge of Short-horns." He did occa- 
 sionally exhibit, however, and won more or less first prizes ; but in 
 some cases afterwards, insisted that his inferior beasts did the win- 
 ning, while his best ones were overlooked — one of his crotchets, 
 possibly. He only exhibited his stock on a few occasions, and those, 
 in time, a good way apart, except in the years of " The Royal " in 
 1839, '40 and '41, when he was highly successful, mainly in his 
 Duchess and Oxford animals. 
 
 During his whole cattle breeding career Mr. Bates bought, bred 
 and sold, many other good Short-horns, with an eye no doubt to 
 profit, for we cannot well conceive his philanthropy, except in his 
 Duchess tribe, to extend so far as not to turn his labors to the best 
 advantage, while it is quite certain that in the long-continued breed- 
 ing of his Duchess tribe, other than in the bulls he sold, he played a 
 losing game in a financial way, and won only on the posthumous 
 fame with which his name will long be remembered. 
 
 One important item connected with Mr. Bates' success as a breeder 
 should not be omitted. Instead of turning his stock over to the 
 exclusive care of herdsmen, as is the practice of many Short-horn 
 breeders, he looked carefully over them himself — although he always 
 had one or more herdsmen to do his bidding— perscnaity saw to all 
 their wants, and knew every small particular relating to them. Jle 
 loved his cattle, and almost made companions of them. They would 
 follow him all around the fields and yards when he went in to look at 
 them. He would fondle them lovingly, talk to and familiarly pat 
 and caress them, while they in return would rub their heads along 
 his body, legs, and arms, lick his hands, and playfully chew the 
 skirts of his coat. So affectionately would they hang about him 
 while he was among them that his herdsmen could not drive them. 
 On one such occasion his cowman not being able to get the cattle 
 away from Mr. Bates, and getting quite irritated, exclaimed: "I 
 wish you'd keep out aft' way. You do fa' mair ill than good, for 
 they won't leave you, and there's no driving them."* 
 
 Mr. Bates had another peculiarity which accounted for his usually 
 having a superfluous number of bulls on hand which he did not use, 
 or but seldom. He would neither sell, nor let bulls, except to parties 
 who had first class cows to put to them, remarking that the bulls 
 would do him no justice when bred to inferior cows. " One day Mr. 
 
 • Bell's History. 
 
COLORS OF THE BATES HERDS. I37 
 
 Wetherell selected two of his bulls at Kirkleavington, which Mr, 
 Bates said he would sell him. Mr. Bates inquired about the herd 
 into which he, Wetherell, proposed to send the bulls. The latter 
 asked, in reply, ' of what consequence is that, so long as you get the 
 money for them.'' Mr. Bates rejoined, ^he would not sell any man a 
 bull unless he knew the herd to which he was going, for if the cross did 
 not answer, all the blame would be attributed to the bull.' Mr. Weth- 
 erell, on leaving, could not refrain from expressing his opinion in 
 strong terms in regard to Mr. Bates for refusing to sell his cattle at 
 high prices, so long as he got paid for them."* There have been 
 few breeders, we fancy, so fastidious. When a good bargain is offered 
 for a beast they wish to sell, little regard is paid to its destiny. 
 
 Much more might be here related of Mr. Bates and his Short-horn 
 career, as we find a great deal written by him, and of him, in sundry 
 English magazines and journals, some of which is copied into Mr. 
 Bell's history. Another pleasant, gossipy writer, " Druid," whose real 
 name was Dixon, now deceased, related much of him in his " Saddle 
 and Sirloin," a book containing various desultory information about 
 cattle and horse breeders in England within the last thirty years. 
 But they would add little to the substantial fund of information which 
 we have already given, or may yet give, touching the Short-horns and 
 their breeders ; and we have no space for repetition of what does not 
 immediately concern our history; nor do we wish to overload our 
 pages with matter tending to an undue exaltation of Mr. Bates and 
 his stock over other breeders and their stocks — equally meritorious in 
 their exertions to improve the quality and blood of their herds. 
 
 But, it is time we close with Mr. Bates. His character has been 
 sketched, faithfully, as we trust, as a man of unflinching integrity and 
 stem honesty of "purpose, and if he sometimes indulged in undue 
 partialities tow'ards his own, and unjust prejudices towards the stock 
 of rival breeders, in which the fallibility of his judgment was exposed, 
 we must remember that both he and his herds were also subjected to 
 the attacks and criticisms of others, which may have tried his patience 
 and vexed his temper. 
 
 In a brief memoir of Mr. Bates, highly creditable to his character, 
 in the Farmers' Magazine for the year 1850, the writer thus closes : 
 " Active in mind, temperate in his habits, nay, I may say abstemious, 
 for he tasted no intoxicating liquors for some years before his death, 
 and living almost in the open air, he knew little of disease, and seldom, 
 
 • Bell's History. It is not so stated, but we infer that the bulls were not taken.— L. F. A. 
 
138 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS, 
 
 if ever, consulted a physician. A month before death, however, his 
 health began to fail, a disease of the kidneys became painful and 
 harassing, and he went to Redcar to try the effects of the sea air, 
 but which, so far from removing, seemed only to increase the malady. 
 It was sometime before he could be prevailed on to consult a med- 
 ical adviser, and when he did he refused the greater part of his 
 medicine. 
 
 " He gradually sunk and died on the 26th day of July, 1849, and 
 was buried in the church-yard at Kirkleavington. A monument was 
 erected to his memory by a few friends and admirers of his exertions 
 in stock breeding, with the following inscription : 
 
 THIS MEMORIAL OP 
 
 THOMAS BATES, 
 
 OF KIRKLEAVINGTON, 
 
 , ONE OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED BREEDERS OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE, 
 
 IS RAISED BV A FEW FRIENDS WHO APPRECLATE HIS LABORS 
 
 FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF BRITISH STOCK, 
 
 AND RESPECT HIS CHARACTER, 
 
 BORN aiST JUNK, 1776— DIED a&TH JULY, I849." * 
 
 The Sale of Mr. Bates' Herd and their English Successors. 
 
 Mr. Bates left a will bequeathing a considerable estate principally 
 to two or three nephews. The only one of these engaged in agri- 
 culture was settled in Germany, and had no time or opportunity of 
 attending to a herd, so that it came to be sold on the 9th of May, 
 1850. One of the nephews of Mr. Bates, living at Heddon, in North- 
 umberland, but then residing in London, who we understand was a 
 lawyer, was made his executor, and wound up the estate, a valuable 
 portion of which lay in his cattle and other farm stock. There were 
 some other difficulties we have learned, arising out of the conditions 
 of the will, with a threat by some of the dissatisfied heirs, td throw it 
 into chancery. The stock was expensive to keep, and troublesome, 
 for one not acquainted with it, to manage. Added to these embar- 
 rassments, Short-horn cattle generally were low in price at the time. 
 Rival breeders also had their eyes upon them, and hoped to drive 
 good bargains at the sale ; and it is stated that Lord Ducie, who, in 
 the event, became a considerable purchaser, tried an underhanded 
 scheme for a part of it, which, however, the executor detected and 
 foiled. The sale had been widely advertised, and as might be sup- 
 posed, the final disposition of the herd of such a noted breeder drew 
 
 * Bell's History. 
 
SALES OF THE BATES HERDS. I39 
 
 a large attendance. The animals were arranged in their several tribes, 
 and sold as follows : 
 
 Duchess Tribe. 
 
 4 Cows £323 7s. 
 
 3 Heifers '. 442 o 
 
 1 Heifer Calf, 162 15 
 
 4 Bulls 62s 16 
 
 2 Bull Calves, 7512 
 
 14 £i(>27 10 Averaging $581 each. 
 
 Of the Duchess females, Lord Ducie bought Duchess SSth, 5 years 
 old, at $551 ; 59th, 2 years old, at $1,050; and 64th, 9 months old, 
 at $813. 
 
 Of the bulls, the same gentleman bought 4th Duke of York (10167), 
 3 years old, at $1,050. 
 
 Grand Duke (10284), 2 years old, was also sold for $1,076. 
 
 The other animals of the tribe were sold at lesser prices to different 
 English breeders. 
 
 Oxford Tribe. 
 
 4 Cows ;^288 15s. 
 
 2 Heifers 95 n 
 
 4 Heifer Calves, 303 9 
 
 3 Bulls 206 17 
 
 13 £^94 12 Averaging $313 each. 
 
 Of the. Oxford females. Col. Lewis G. Morris of Mt. Fordham, 
 N. Y., U. S. A., bought Oxford 5th, 5 years old, got by Duke of 
 Northumberland (1940), for $370; also Oxford loth, 16 months old 
 (daughter to Oxford sth), by 3d Duke of York (10166), for $267 ; 
 and Mr. Noel J. Becar, of New York, bought Oxford 13th, a 4 months* 
 calf of "Oxford 5th, by 3d Duke of York (10166), for $330. These 
 cows came to America, and proved successful breeders. No other 
 animals at the sale were then purchased by any Americans. 
 
 Waterloo Tribe. 
 
 2 Cows, ;f loi 17s. 
 
 3 Heifers 180 12 
 
 iHeiferCalf, 74 11 
 
 6 ;£^357 00 Averaging J297.50 each. 
 
I4C HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Cambridge Rose Tribe. 
 
 I Cow £^^ 5s. 
 
 I Heifer, '. 73 lo 
 
 1 Heifer Calf, 26 5 
 
 3 , £lAl o Averaging $245 each. 
 
 Wild Eves Tribe. 
 
 9 Cows £i2i 13s. 
 
 7 Heifers, 430 10 
 
 2 Heifer Calves : 64 i 
 
 4 Bulls, 254 2 
 
 3 Bull Calves 126 o 
 
 25 ;f 1203 6 Averaging $241 each. 
 
 Of the bulls of the Wild Eyes tribe, Balco (9918) [by 4th Duke 
 of York (16167)], then 15 months old, sold for $813. He was after- 
 wards purchased by Col. Morris, of Mt. Fordham, N. Y., and brought 
 to America. 
 
 Foggathorpe Tribe. 
 
 2 Cows, £ 74 IIS. 
 
 I Heifer Calf, 31 10 
 
 4 Bulls 222 12 
 
 7 ;£^328 13 Averaging $235 each. 
 
 Total amount of sale, 68 animals, £^,SSi is.==$22,240 — average $327 each. 
 
 What a paltry price compared with what their descendants bring 
 now! 
 
 For a herd sustaining the reputation which it had acquired under 
 the long-continued management of Mr. Bates, aside from the adverse 
 circumstances which we have related, the above prices will be con- 
 sidered remarkably low ; but it must be remembered that all agricul- 
 tural values were at a low ebb in England, and cattle of the better 
 breeds had sunk to their minimum depression. Mr. Bates' executor 
 was also but little practiced in cattle management, and the herd had 
 been measurably neglected, both in care and appearance, from what 
 they would have been had their old master been living. Yet most 
 of the animals fell into good hands, who well appreciated their value, 
 and in the space of a few years rose to a reputation, and brought 
 prices never before reached in England. 
 
LORD DUCIE'S breeding AND SALES. I4I 
 
 Lord Ducik's Breeding and Sales. 
 
 While we have the herd of Mr. Bates in hand we will trace its history 
 to a recent day, when a part of it fell into the hands of his American 
 successors. We have seen that Earl Ducie bought three, of the 
 female Duchesses and one of the bulls at the Bates sale. He also . 
 bought two of the female Oxfords — 6th, 4 years old, and nth, 9 
 months old, at $656 each. These animals he added to a herd he 
 had already established, of superior quality and excellence. He was 
 a gentleman of liberal spirit in expenditure ; enthusiastic in his love 
 of good stock; and determined to maintain a herd of Short-horns 
 equal to, if not the superior of, any other in England. He purchased 
 good things at liberal prices, never balking at the money value when 
 the creature suited him. His health, however, was delicate, and he 
 lived tut about two years after the sale of Mr. Bates' herd. Mean- 
 time he had bred his stock with marked judgment and success ; the 
 value of good Short-horns had rapidly advanced, and the reputation 
 of the " Bjates " stock — particularly the Duchess and Oxfords — ^had 
 increased in public favor, so that when in the month of August, 1852, 
 Lord Ducie's executors made a sale of his entire herd, the occasion 
 brought together an array of breeders such as had not been gathered 
 in England on any like occasion since the days of the Collings. The 
 sale had been for some time announced, and several American gen- 
 tlemen crossed the ocean for the purpose of attending it and making 
 purchases, expecting to compete with the elite of England's breeders 
 if successful in effecting them. Nor were the Americans mistaken. 
 They did meet the English breeders on their own soil, outbid and 
 outpurchased them of some of the best animals in the herd, as 
 follows : 
 
 Mr. Samuel Thome, of Thorndale, New York, bought the, cows 
 Duchess 59th, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), 5 years old, for $1,837 > 
 Duchess 64th, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), 4 years old, for $3,150; 
 Duchess 68th, by Duke of Gloster (11382), i year old, for $1,575. 
 
 (Duchess 68th was killed by the falling of a mast on shipboard, 
 while on her passage to America.) 
 
 Messrs. L. G. Morris and N. J. Becar, of New York, purchased the 
 cow Duchess 66th, 3 years old, for $3,675, and she (Duchess 66th) 
 was the only one of the Duchess tribe coming to America which 
 left axiy female descendants now living. These gentlemen also pur- 
 chased the bull Duke of Gloster, 2763 (11382), 3 years old, for $3,412. 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Mr. Thome also purchased of Mr. Bolden the bull Grand Duke", 
 545 (10284), formerly sold at Mr. Bates' sale in 1850, for $5,000, and 
 brought him to America with his other purchases. A few years after- 
 wards Grand Duke becoming disabled, Mr. Thome also purchased 
 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (112961), bred by Earl Ducie, at the price of 
 $5, 000, and brought him to America, 
 
 Mr. George Vail, of Troy, N. Y., and Gen. George Cadwallader, 
 of Philadelphia, purchased the bull 4th Duke of York (10167), 6 
 years old, at $2,625, ^"^ ^^ unfortunately died on his passage across 
 the ocean. • ' 
 
 The other animals of the Duchess, Oxford, and other tribes, passed 
 into the hands of various English breeders. Several of the descend- 
 ants of the Duchess have since come to America ; among them one 
 bull, Duke of Airdrie, 9798 (12730), and his dam. Duchess of AthoU, 
 by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), in the hands of Mr. R. A. Alexander, 
 in Kentucky, and three heifers, Duchess 97th, loist and 103d, to Mr. 
 M. H. Cochrane, Compton, Province of Quebec, (Lower Canada.) 
 Of the Oxfords, one. Grand Duke of Oxford, 3988 (16184), was 
 imported by Mr. Sheldon, Geneva, N. Y. Of the Duchess and Oxford 
 females, there are now in England and America, some scores in num- 
 ber. The females are held in but few hands in England, and a less 
 number in the United States and Canada. The bulls, however, have 
 been widely scattered, and sold at prices commensurate with the 
 values which breeders partial to their blood place upon their merits. 
 
 The sale of Lord Ducie's herd was the highest in price which had 
 taken place since that of Charles Colling in the year 1810, but rela- 
 tively to agricultural prices in England at the two periods (Colling's 
 at a time of great inflation, and Lord Ducie's at a time of compara- 
 tive depression), the latter sale was by far the highest, averaging $700 
 per head for 49 cows, heifers, and heifer calves, and $959 each for 13 
 bulls, making for the 62 animals the round sum of $46,809, an aver- 
 age of $723 each, within a fraction. 
 
 To follow in detail the result, separately, of the Duchess and 
 Oxford tribes, at Lord Ducie's sale, we give a synopsis of each: 
 8 Duchesses (females) sold for;^3,2i2 los. 5d., averaging nearly 
 $2,008 each; 4 Oxfords (females) sold for ;^876 15s., averaging 
 nearly $1,096 each. 
 
 In addition to these were the before named Duke of Gloster, at 
 ;^682 los. ($3,412), and 4th Duke of York, at ;^S23 ($2,625), ^'^^ 
 5th Duke of Oxford to Lord Feversham, at ^^315 or $1,575. 
 
LORD DUCIE'S breeding AND SALES. I43 
 
 Mr. Bell tells a story of Lord Ducie after the purchase of 4th 
 Duke of York (10167), at the Bates sale, which is so characteristic 
 of the monopolizing spirit of some of the English Short-horn breed- 
 ers, that we suppose it to be true. " He sent his agent out to buy the 
 bull 3d Duke of York (10166) (a Duchess bull), then in other hands, 
 that he might slaughter him [Bates fashion], and prevent his blood 
 being used by other breeders, in which he succeeded, and had the 
 bull remorselessly killed, thus supposing he had secured to himself, 
 in his own 4th Duke of York, the only remaining one of the blood ; 
 but meeting Mr. Tanqueray shortly after, in London, his Lordship 
 asked him what he was doing in the Short-horn line ; to which Tan- 
 queray replied, 'I have just come into possession of 5th Duke of 
 York (10168).' With evident chagrin Ducie answered, 'I had lost 
 sight of him.' " So his barbarity, as well as selfishness, in sacrificing 
 a noble beast was thus signally punished. 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Mr. Bates' Influence on the Short-horns — Did he Improve 
 
 Them? 
 
 That a sagacious, intelligent man, devoting nearly sixty yeais of 
 an active life to the breeding of a favorite race of animals, divested 
 of family cares, enthusiastically attached to his stock, selecting his 
 original herd from the best blood of the country, and concentrating 
 all the energies and skill at his command to their highest develop- 
 ment, should not succeed in improving their qualities to a greater or 
 less extent, would prove him to be a dullard, or that he worked upon 
 a race of animals incapable of any further development. Neither of 
 these conclusions will be credited to the labors of Mr. Bates, or 
 charged to the qualities of* so fine a race of cattle as the Short-horns. 
 During his life no one had greater opportunities to know the origin 
 and lineage of every noted Short-horn in England. In his younger 
 days he was contemporary, acquainted with, and on friendly terms 
 with most, if not all, the substantial and reputable breeders of the 
 country, and after the Collings had retired no one probably knew the 
 pedigrees of the earlier herds of the country any better than, if so 
 well as, himself. In his own private copy of the first volume of 
 Coates' Herd Book, he made extended notes of the ancestry of many 
 of the earlier cattle therein recorded, beyond what the printed pedi- 
 grees contained, and these notes, of the bulls, we have had the privi- 
 lege of copying into our own. At the close of his life he probably 
 knew more about Short-horns than any man in England. He had 
 seen Hubback, Foljambe, Bolingbroke, Favorite, and Comet, and 
 many of their contemporaries, male and female, together with the other 
 most noted bulls and cows of his time. He had been intimate 
 with the herds of the Maynards, the Wetherells, the Booths, the 
 Wrights, the Charges, the Masons, the Hutchinsons, as well as their 
 many younger contemporaries. He knew the superior as well as 
 inferior qualities which their herds possessed. Probably no man in 
 England was a better judge of cattle than he, and at his death he left 
 
THE BATES IMPROVEMENT. I45 
 
 a herd which challenged the admiration of numerous Short-horn 
 breeders on both sides the Atlantic — and that admiration has not 
 abated with the increasing generations of their progeny. In this 
 assertion we know we are trenching on delicate, if not debatable 
 ground. Yet the prices which they have brought for many years 
 past, and still bring, bear indisputable evidence of the fact, whether 
 those prices are based on sound judgment, or fancy only. We do 
 not assert that for general practical uses the Bates stock are really 
 better than very many animals of more miscellaneously, yet well-bred 
 herds, but in their deeply concentrated blood giving it the power of 
 transmission into others, they are much admired and widely sought. 
 
 On Mr. Bates' death the animals of his most cherished blood were 
 quickly appropriated by a few who had long been partial to their 
 merits, and wielded purses to command their possession. ;^2oo to 
 ;£3oo ($1,000 to $1,500) would then buy any Short-horn in England. 
 Three years afterwards it cost ;^6oo to _;^i,ooo ($3,000 to $5,000) as 
 we have seen, to buy the same animals, or their produce, in close 
 competition between Englishmen and Americans, and prices both in 
 England and America have since ranged even higher for both bulls 
 and cows of favorite strains of their blood. 
 
 The above remarks are made with no invidious reflection upon 
 the valuable stock of other breeders, or their herds. There are many 
 herds, as well as individual animals^ both in England and America, 
 of the highest excellence; but with the exception of the Booths, 
 there has been no herd of Short-horns so closely interbred as that of 
 Mr. Bates, and containing so strong and deep a concentration of 
 blood, and the bulls from which have stamped more strikingly their 
 several individualities upon stranger herds. Not that these cattle in 
 themselves shew such marked superiority over many others, but from 
 their long compacted genealogy and careful breeding, they impress 
 their own characteristics upon their progeny in a greater degree than 
 others which, through their divergent crosses, have not been so com- 
 pactly bred. Hence their highly estimated value, as certified by the 
 auctioneer's hanimer, as well as in private sales. Let the public, if 
 they will, call men fools, or enthusiasts, who pay those exhorbitant 
 prices, but when we see veteran breeders, life-long in the pursuit, as 
 well as those of less experience, doing so, it may well be supposed 
 there is something in it beyond mere assumption, caprice or fancy. 
 Who in England ever produced such bulls with their in-and-in bred 
 crosses as, early in this century, did Charles Colling in Comet (155), 
 by Favorite ; thirty years later, as did Bates in Duke of Northumber- 
 10 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 land (1940), by Belvedere ; or, still thirty years afterwards, as did 
 Richard Booth, culminating in Commander-in-Chief (21452), by 
 Valasco — and all of them with cows to match ? And yet, with all 
 this emphasis, we do not say that there have not since been equally 
 good bulls as these, and cows also, bred in both England and Amer- 
 ica; but they have not yet achieved the notoriety of the others, 
 although a future day may prove that some of them do excel even 
 Comet, Duke of Northumberland, or Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 The critical reader may here make a note, and accuse us of writ- 
 ing up the Bates and Booth blood of cattle. Not a word of it. We 
 only state facts that cannot and will not, on mature examination, be 
 contradicted. Almost every herd of note, in either England or 
 America, has more or less of these bloods in their veins. In no well- 
 bred Short-horns whatever can be traced so many crosses back as 
 into the bull Favorite (252), bred by Charles Colling. His blood was 
 the foundation of the bulls of the elder Booth, afterwards of Bates, 
 in both bulls and cows, and also many other of the contemporary 
 and through them of numerous later English and American herds 
 Let the pedigrees be traced and the fact will so prove. 
 
 If the brothers Colling, one in his thirty, and the other in his forty 
 years' career of breeding, were pronounced by their contemporaries 
 to be "improvers," why not the elder Booths and Bates, Mason, Lord 
 Althorpe, and numerous others of the elder, and their younger fol- 
 lowers, making their original selections from the Colling bloods, and 
 appropriating the best cows they could secure from others, and breed- 
 ing them with skill, adhering almost throughout to the original blood, 
 and their better qualities have been improvers also .' Charles Colling 
 may not, during his life-time, have bred a finer one than the Stanwick 
 Cow (his original Duchess), or the "beautiful Lady Maynard" — as 
 he himself acknowledged — which he bought of his elder contempo- 
 rary, Mr. Maynard ; but he had the sagacity to keep their blood as 
 compact as possible by breeding in-and-in their progeny to a depth 
 and endurance which stamped it almost in perpetuity through the 
 successive bulls and heifers proceeding from them, thus transmitting 
 their qualities down to present generations. The elder Booth copy- 
 ing from him, and procuring Colling bulls, which he used upon cows 
 of his own selection for their superior merits from other breeders, did 
 the same, and so following, did Bates, only that the latter had the 
 good fortune to obtain some of the Colling cows, which Booth did 
 not ; the latter, as we have already stated, selecting his original cows 
 from neighboring herds, looking only to their good qualities, without 
 

 ■C^ 5 
 
 «•. 
 
 
 r 
 If 
 
 - ■ 
 
 '■ 
 
 .* 
 
 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^'^1 
 
 1 
 
 v*r 
 
 
 >^^x 
 
 vA- 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 '•,* 
 
 { 
 
 
 9f 
 O 
 
STYLES OF BATES AND BOOTH CATTLE. I47 
 
 any regard to pedigree, other than the fact that they were true Short- 
 horns. Thus his pedigrees ending in such cows are shorter than 
 those of the Bates' Duchesses, as well as of several other breeders 
 whose pedigrees run back .to the earliest Short-horn records. 
 
 Still, with all their excellencies of quality, the styles of the Booth, 
 and Bates, and some other herds have been and are still different in 
 some of their valuable as well as fancy points. Each one adopted 
 his own standard of excellence, each strived to attain it, and both of 
 them succeeded to a greater or less extent. We do not propose to 
 institute a comparison of their qualities. Rivalries and competitions 
 ran high between the elder Booths, Bates, Mason, and other of the elder 
 breeders while living, and it is not impossible that equal rivalries and 
 competition may now exist among the admirers of their different 
 bloods, as well as in the bloods of other distinguished breeders. It 
 is a noble, a praiseworthy competition, and so long as honorably con- 
 ducted, altogether commendable. 
 
148 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Elder Short-horn Breeders Contemporary with the 
 collings and their immediate successors. 
 
 Of the elder breeders, we regret that no clear history of their 
 labors reach us except incidentally, as we find occasional references 
 to them in the scanty agricultural publications of their day, and trace 
 the pedigrees of their stocks in the earlier volumes of the English 
 Herd Books. John Maynard was the senior of the Collings in breed- 
 ing,' Charles having bought in 1786 or '7, his cows Lady Maynard, 
 and her daughter, Young Strawberry, from Maynard's herd. There 
 were the Blackets, the Aislabies, the Milbanks, the Pennymans, the 
 elder Stevenson, and others, anterior to the Collings, whose names 
 have been incidentally mentioned in our previous pages, who bred 
 famous cattle, but of them we have been able to glean few particu- 
 lars. The first volume of the English Herd Book, published in 1822, 
 contained the narnes of but about one hundred and forty breeders, 
 including the Collings, Booths, and Thomas Bates. 
 
 Among the immediate contemporaries of the Collings, and the elder 
 Booth, was Christopher Mason, of Chilton. He bred largely, pos- 
 sessed a valuable herd, purchased and used bulls from the Collings, 
 and many noted animals of the present day are found descended 
 from his stock. He was among the first class breeders of his time, 
 and made a large, if not final sale of his herd in the year 1829, of 
 which Lord Althorpe (afterwards Earl Spencer) purchased quite a 
 number. The larger breeders, whose names are in the first Herd 
 Book, aside from those already named, were Lord Althorpe, of 
 Wiseton; Messrs. Alderson, of Ferrybridge ; Bower, of Welham ; Cham- 
 pion, of Blythe ; Charge, of Newton ; Coates (first editor of the Herd 
 Book), of Carlton ; Compton, of Northumberland ; Curwen, of Cum- 
 berland; Earnshaw, of Ferrybridge; Gibson, of Northumberland; 
 Hutchinson, of Stockton ; Hustler, of Acklam ; Ibetson, of Denton 
 
 Park ; William Jobling, of ; Anthony Maynard, of Morton-le- 
 
 Moor; J. C. Maynard, of Harlsey; Col. Mellish, of ; Ostler, of 
 
THE EARLIER AND LATER BREEDERS. I49 
 
 Audley ; Parker, of Sutton House ; Parrington, of Middlesbro' ; Rob- 
 ertson, of Ladykirk; Rudd, of Marton; Seymour, of Woodhouse 
 Close ; Simpson, of Babworth ; Smith, of Dishley ; Spoors, of North- 
 umberland; Sir Henry Vane Tempest, of Wynyard; Thomas, of 
 
 Chesterfield; Col. Trotter, of ; Wiles, of Bearl; Wetherell, of 
 
 Kirkby-Malery ; Whitaker, of Greenholme ; White, of Loughborough ; 
 Wright, of , and Wright, of Cleasby. 
 
 Aside from the above list appear the names of many small breed- 
 ers, some with only one, and others representing only a few pedigrees 
 each. 
 
 All the breeders above named reared and sold animals of repute, 
 and many of them of marked distinction. We can name but a few 
 of the sales that were made and the prices their animals brought ; 
 and even those we can name are found only in fragmentary reports 
 given in the agricultural journals of the time, or since recorded on 
 the recollection of contemporary breeders. Some of the older ones 
 of these breeders sold cattle to the Collings; other younger ones 
 obtained some of their animals from the Collings, either directly, by 
 purchase, or indirectly by hiring their bulls. 
 
 At the time of Lord Althorpe's death, in 184-, his herd numbered 
 about one hundred and fifty. His legatee, Mr. Hall (the cattie hav- 
 ing been left to him), soon afterwards disposed of them at public sale. 
 One bull brought 400 guineas ($2,100), another 370 guineas ($1,942), 
 and some of the cows 200 guineas ($1,050) each. 
 
 Lord Althorpe (afterwards Earl Spencer) was a liberal breeder, 
 and enthusiastic in his attachment to the Short-horns. He many 
 years kept, and had at his decease, probably the largest herd in Eng- 
 land. He was a bachelor, or if married, left no children, and his 
 estate and title descended to his brother, who had no taste for cattle, 
 which is probably the reason why the elder brother gave his herd to 
 Mr. Hall. Lord Althorpe corresponded frequently with Mr. Bates, 
 visited him, at his home and bought some cattle of him. With how 
 much skill his Lordship bred his animals we are not informed, although 
 he paid much personal attention to them during the leisure time he 
 could withdraw from state affairs. As we find many excellent Short- 
 horns which trace their pedigrees into his herd, there can be little 
 doubt that he bred many first class animals. 
 
 Mr. Jonas Whitaker, of Greenholme, Otley, although a large cotton 
 manufacturer, was an extensive breeder, and had many fine cattle. 
 All, or nearly all, of our American Col. Powel's importations in the year 
 1824, and afterwards, came from Mr.Whitaker's favorite tribes, together 
 
ISO HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 with many, others afterwards purchased by American breeder's and 
 brought to the United States. 
 
 Sometime after the sale of Robert Colling, Col. Trotter, who was a 
 purchaser there, sold three cows from that stock to Col. Mellish for 
 _;^2,2io, equal to $3,683 each. Col. Mellish afterwards sold one of 
 them to Major Bower, of Welham, for 800 guineas ($4,200). 
 
 In view of such authenticated sales we can have no doubt that 
 many of the successors of the Collings, the elder Booth, Maynard, 
 Wetherell, and their contemporaries, sold many choice animals at 
 extraordinary prices, showing the right estimate still maintained of 
 their excellence. We regret that we have been confined to such a 
 limited early account of individual sales. Yet if we had them it 
 would hardly be necessary to multiply the many decided evidences 
 of Short-horn values. 
 
 Succeeding the efforts of the Collings and their contemporary 
 breeders, the merits of the Short-horns gained widely in public esti- 
 mation and popularity, not only in the counties comprising their 
 ancient homes, but they were eagerly sought by the larger land-owners 
 among the nobility and gentry of neighboring, and even distant coun- 
 ties, as well as tenant farmers — the former to encourage the improve- 
 ment of the breeds of neat cattle on their estates at large, and the 
 latter to improve and render more valuable their own individual 
 herds as the most profitable stock they could rear. Thus the number 
 of pure-bred animals increased in a more rapid ratio than ever 
 before, while their crosses upon the common and baser breeds multi- 
 plied indefinitely, both as grazing and dairy stock. 
 
 It would be an exhausting, if not impossible labor, to enumerate 
 all the various breeders of established Short-horn blood in Great 
 Britain since the days of the Collings. The names of the most prom- 
 inent among their contemporaries, and immediate successors, have 
 already been given, and for those who have since entered the ranks 
 the pages of the English Herd Book must be examined. But to 
 show their extent, these breeders can be numbered by many hundreds, 
 among them the Royal household, every order of nobility — titled 
 women as well — and descending in rank through every intermediate 
 class of ownership' to the well-to-do tenant farmer. Not that we 
 ignore other valuable breeds of cattle which, from time immemorial, 
 have existed in Britain and elsewhere, and have maintained and 
 still maintain their advocates and breeders ; nor do we claim a univer- 
 sal favor towards the Short-horns beyond all others ; but they have 
 developed such prominent qualities of excellence as to reader them 
 
DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 151 
 
 beyond any other breed, both in pure bloods and grades, the now 
 most widely predominating stock of any distinct race of cattle. 
 Never were the prices paid for choice animals in England so high 
 as now, and never were animals of choice and fashionable blood 
 so eagerly sought. For many years past they have, in large numbers, 
 been exported to the neighboring continent and to various English 
 colonies — in the latter, mostly to Australia and the Canadas — while 
 men in the United States for fifty years past have purchased and brought 
 out hundreds of their choicest breeding, and still are annually draw- 
 ing from the British herds their most cherished blood. Strangest of 
 all, English breeders are now almost annually sending to America to 
 purchase and take home to the land of their ancestors some of the 
 descendants of the cattle which years ago they parted with, declaring 
 in such instances, a positive improvement over many of their own 
 animals which they kept at home. And this improvement in the 
 American cattle they consider derived from our fresher pastures and 
 the skill with which they have been bred. Such a concession may 
 be considered no mean tribute to the enterprise of our American 
 breeders ! Thus, for the present, we take leave of the Short-horns 
 in England, and proceed to their successors in America. 
 
PART SECOND. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Short-horns in America, 
 
 The date of the first arrival of purely-bred Short-horns in the 
 United States is uncertain. Tradition has informed us that a few 
 Short-horn cattle were introduced here from England soon after the 
 Revolutionary War, which separated the American colonies from the 
 mother country, the treaty of peace between the two countries being 
 made in the year 1783. We have no recorded evidence of the fact 
 from any printed chronicles of the time, although men not long ago 
 living, and some still alive, have stated on what they believed good 
 authority, that such was the fact. The best evidence at our command 
 will be given, and if it be not such as will commend the purity of the 
 blood of these animals to breeders of good Short-horns at the present 
 day, they will at least have the benefit of what knowledge exists, and 
 draw their conclusions as best they may from the material which we 
 have gathered. 
 
 We have also heard that about the year 1775 a Mr. Heaton 
 emigrated from England to New York, then a provincial city, and 
 followed for some years the occupation of a butcher. It is also said 
 that in 1791 he returned to England and brought back with him sev- 
 eral Short-horn cattle from the herd of George Culley, a cattle breeder 
 living near Grindon, in Northumberland. He was probably induced 
 to this enterprise by knowing the deficiencies of the common cattle 
 then bred in the United States, which, in his mind, and truly so, much 
 needed the improvement which the Short-horn blood could impart to 
 them. What became of the cattle, neither tradition nor written his- 
 tory of the day give us an account ; but it may be supposed that the 
 
 '55 
 
IS6 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 males and females were bred to some extent among themselves, and 
 that the bulls were also bred upon the common cows in the places 
 where they were kept. In 1796 it is further stated that Mr. Heaton 
 went again to England and brought out a bull and cow which he 
 bought from one of the brothers Colling and took them to his farm in 
 Westchester county, N. Y., where he then resided. It may be sup- 
 posed that the Short-horns which he had previously imported had 
 been taken to that place also, but of the fact we have no verified 
 account. 
 
 What finally became of the animals and their produce which Heaton 
 brought out, nothing definite is known, only that some superior cattle 
 were many years kept and known in Westchester county, N. Y., after 
 the present century came in, but no pedigrees of them have been 
 traced except in one or two instances through "Brisbane's bull," 
 which was purchased of Mr. Heaton by the late Mr. James Brisbane, 
 of Batavia, N. Y., and brought there by him in the early years of this 
 century. The bull left much valuable stock in the vicinity of Batavia, 
 and was supposed to be a thorough-bred Short-horn. Of the Heaton 
 stock, retained in the vicinity of New York, nothing further is cer- 
 tainly known. It is altogether probable that the people of that 
 vicinity knowing little of either breeds, or blood cattle in those days, 
 let the stock " run out," and they became lost in the common herds 
 of the country. 
 
 The Gough (or Goff) and Miller Importations of the last 
 
 Century. 
 
 We now enter on debatable ground — a subject which has elicited 
 more controversy touching the blood of early American Short-horns 
 than any other which has arisen in this country for the past fifty 
 years by those interested, and the animals of whose herds have been 
 more directly or remotely related to them. We do not suppose that 
 anything we may introduce by way of testimony will decide the 
 question to any exact degree of certainty. Yet the facts connected 
 with them are important to be known by all Short-horn breeders who 
 take an interest in the matter ; and from them every reader may draw 
 his own conclusions. We do not propose to settle any question of 
 blood by what we may submit, but simply to relate history so far as 
 we have been able, by diligent search, to ascertain it. 
 
 There have been several published accounts of these early impor- 
 tations, differing somewhat in date, which is of little consequence; 
 
GOUGH AND MILLER IMPORTATIONS. 157 
 
 but, of more consequence, differing in the breeds of the cattle so 
 imported. As they took place nearly ninety, and down to about 
 eighty years ago, the accounts given of them were for many years, 
 only of oral transmission, and perhaps of somewhat imperfect recol- 
 lection by the several parties relating them. We find these accounts 
 recorded in print only after the years 1835 to 1840, at a lapse of 
 nearly or quite half a century after the importations occurred, when 
 probably the importers of the original stock as well as some of the 
 owners of a portion of the descendants of the originals had passed 
 off the stage of action. Yet some of their survivors, venerable in 
 age and character in Kentucky and Ohio, still remain, whose recol- 
 lections run into the earlier years of the present century, and from 
 these several accounts our history is drawn. 
 
 According to these accounts in the year 1783 a Mr. Miller, of Vir- 
 ginia, in connection with Mr. Gough, made an importation — into 
 Baltimore (probably) — of some English cattle, of two different breeds. 
 We infer that the cattle were taken into the fine grazing section of 
 Northern Virginia, in the valley of the South branch of the Potomac 
 river, where they were bred together, as well as the bulls bred to the 
 native cows of the country. They were designated, one as the 
 "Milk breed," the other as the "Beef breed." The former were 
 described as having short horns, heavy carcasses, compact in shape, 
 red, red and white, and roan in color, the cows excellent milkers — in 
 all probability. Short-horns. The latter were longer horned, rangy in 
 form, fatted well at maturity, not so smoothly built as the others, and 
 the cows producing less milk than the others. These were, prob- 
 ably, the old fashioned, unimproved stock, coarser and rougher 
 in appearance, but still of the Short-horn race then common in the 
 Holdemess district of Yorkshire. Sometime afterwards one, or botji, 
 of the previously named gentlemen — ^whether in conjunction, or sep- 
 arately, is not related — ^about the years 1790 to 1795, made other 
 importations of nearly the . same classes of cattle, a part of, or all of 
 which, probably went into the South branch valley, or elsewhere not 
 far distant from the first importation. We hear nothing of these 
 cattle or their descendants as Virginia stock ; but two years after the 
 first importation, in the year 1785, two sons, and a son-in-law (Mr 
 Gay) of Mr. Matthew Patton, then a resident of Virginia, took into 
 Clark county, Kentucky (as related by Dr. Samuel D. Mentin, still 
 living there), one of its fine blue-grass localities, a young bull, and 
 several heifers, half-blooded (and they could only have been calves, 
 or less than yearlings), of their then called " English " cattle. These 
 
IS8 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 animals were said to have been purchased of Mr. Gough. It is not 
 necessary to further note these animals, as they were but grades, only 
 to show the spirit of enterprise among some of the early cattle breed- 
 ers of the State, in obtaining better stock than Kentucky then afforded 
 for their improvement. 
 
 In 1790, the elder Mr. Patton removed from Virginia to Clark 
 county in Kentucky, and took with him a bull and cow directly 
 descended from the Gough and Miller importation of the " Milk " 
 breed, also some half-blooded cows of both the "Milk" and "Beef" 
 breeds. The "Beef" breed were " long-haired, large, coarse, slowly 
 coming to maturity, and fattening badly until fully grown, yet tolera- 
 ble milkers." The "Milk" breed (of which the bull and cow first 
 named were of pure descent) were short-horned, coming early to 
 maturity, and fattening kindly. Their milking qualities were extra- 
 ordinary. It was not at all uncommon for cows of this breed to give 
 thirty-two quarts of milk daily. The Short-horn bull, red in color, 
 with white face, rather heavy horns, yet smooth and round in form, 
 was called Mars. He is recorded by number 1850, American Herd 
 Book. The cow was called Venus, white in color, with red ears, 
 small, short horns, turning down. She bred two bull calves to Mars, 
 and soon afterwards died. Mars got many calves on the native cows 
 in Kentucky, which were said by the old breeders to be both excellent 
 milkers and good fattening animals. Mars remained with Mr. Patton 
 until the death of the latter in 1803, when the bull was sold to a Mr. 
 Peeples in Montgomery county, Ky., in whose possession he died in 
 1806. Of the two bulls descended from Mars and Venus, one was 
 taken to Jessamine county, Ky., the other to Ohio, probably the 
 Scioto valley ; but as all this breed, or breeds, in their various intermix- 
 tures after their introduction into Kentucky, were called "Patton 
 stock," they became commingled, the shorter homed, and refined 
 ones, with the longer homed and coarser ones, and were, for many 
 years afterwards, universally known by that name only. 
 
 In the year 1803 Mr. Daniel Harrison, James Patton and James 
 Gay, of Clark county, Ky., bought of Mr. Miller, the importer, liv- 
 ing in Virginia, a two-year-old bull, descended from a bull and cow 
 of his importation. This bull was called Pluto (825 A. H. B.), and 
 said to be of the " Milk " breed. He is described as " dark roan or 
 red in color, large in size, with small head and neck, light, short horns, 
 small-boned, and heavily fleshed." He was bred mostly to "Patton " 
 cows, and produced some fine milkers. He was taken to Ohio about 
 the year 1812, and died soon afterwards. 
 
THE PATTON STOCK. I59 
 
 In the year 1810 Capt. William Smith, of Fayette county, Ky., 
 purchased of the before mentioned Mr. Miller, of Virginia, and 
 brought to Kentucky a bull called Buzzard, 304 (3254). He was 
 coarser, larger, and taller than Pluto, but not so heavy. He was 
 bred in different herds many years, and also used by the Society of 
 Shakers at Pleasant Hill, Mercer county, Ky., in 182 1, and for some 
 years afterwards. 
 
 In the year 181 1 the bull Shaker (2193 A. H. B.) was bought of 
 Mr. Miller aforesaid, and used some years both by the Pleasant Hill, 
 Ky., and Union Village, Ohio, Societies of Shakers. They after- 
 wards sold him to Messrs. Welton and Hutchcraft, of Kentucky. 
 He was of the " Milk " or Short-horn breed. This account we have 
 from Messrs. Micajah Burnett, of the Pleasant Hill, and Peter Boyd, 
 of the Union Village Societies, and although they each differ in some 
 non-essential items, the identity of the bull is fully recognized. 
 
 These four bulls, viz. : Mars, Pluto, Buzzard, and Shaker, appear 
 to have been purely bred from the Gough and Miller importations 
 previous to the year 1810. From these bulls, but not on equally pure 
 bred cows of those importations, descended many animals whose 
 pedigrees have been recognized and recorded as Short-horns in the 
 earlier volumes of the English Herd Book, and of consequence, since 
 in the American Herd Book, as the latter is founded on the English 
 publication, as standard authority, in all matters of Short-horn gene- 
 alogy. 
 
 During the years above mentioned several other bulls from the 
 Gough and Miller Virginia stock were brought into Kentucky and 
 Ohio — some with names and some without names, other than those 
 of their owners — as "Inskip's bull,". "Peeple's bull" (Mars, probably), 
 " Witherspoon's bull," "Bluff," and others. 
 
 Some pedigrees in the Herd Books run back into several of those 
 bulls, which, as many pure-bred crosses have since been made upon 
 their descendants, and been recorded in the English Herd Book, 
 must be classed in the family of Short-horns. 
 
 From the above accounts it is understood where and how the 
 " Patton stock " originated. There can be no doubt that some of 
 the original importations of Gough and Miller were well-bred cattle 
 of the Short-horn or Teeswater breed (which were identical in origi- 
 nal blood), but without pedigrees ; also that others of them may have 
 been of the Holdemess variety — coarser and less improved — of the 
 same race. In the various accounts which we have gathered from 
 different quarters in Ohio and Kentucky, some of them were rough 
 
l6o HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 animals, tardy in arriving at maturity, others iine both in figure and 
 quality, and most of the cows descended from them proved excellent 
 milkers. Their colors were more or less red, white, and roan, which 
 are true Short-horn colors. 
 
 These accounts are about as accurate and as much to the point as 
 the English traditions relating to the ancient Short-horns, or Tees- 
 waters in their native land, and may be received as a fair basis on 
 which to found the genealogy of all the pedigrees which trace back 
 into the " Patton " blood, and are found recorded in both the English 
 and American Herd Books. We have had accounts of, and have seen 
 many admirable animals of this descent, since crossed with well-bred 
 Short-horn bulls, among the Kentucky and other Western herds, 
 which, aside from their Patton origin, would be considered, by accu- 
 rate breeders, equal in blood and quality to many cattle of later 
 importation and unquestionable descent. 
 
 With this meager and perhaps unsatisfactory narrative, we are 
 obliged to dismiss the Gough and Miller importation, and " Patton 
 stock " of Kentucky. Besides what has been published in the agri- 
 cultural and other papers regarding them, all of which are condensed 
 in the above account, we have had the opportunity of conversing 
 with several aged cattle breeders of the blue-grass region of Ken- 
 tucky more than thirty years ago on the subject, and they clearly 
 corroborated the accounts according to their recollection, as we have 
 given them. A few of these venerable men are still living and have 
 attested to the great excellence of one or more of those bulls as pos- 
 sessing many strikingly good points of the well-bred bulls of the 
 present day. 
 
 Various Other Importations, 
 
 Soon after the last American war with England, in the year 1815, 
 it is stated that Mr, Samuel M. Hopkins, then a resident at Moscow, 
 in the Genesee valley, N. Y., imported a Short-horn bull called Mar- 
 quis (408), and a cow called Princess, said to be of the stock of Robert 
 Colling. Mr. Hopkins also, in 1817, brought out a bull, Moscow 
 (9413). A few descendants from these, afterwards crossed by Short- 
 horn bulls from Col. Powel's herd, purchased by the Holland Land 
 Company for the benefit of the settlers on their lands in Western New 
 York, were carefully bred many years at and near Batavia, in Western 
 New York, some of the blood of which is still found in good herds. 
 
 In 1815 or '16 a Mr. Cox, an Englishman, brought into Rensselaer 
 county, near Albany, N. Y., a Short-horn bull and two cows, which 
 
THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION. l6l 
 
 were placed upon the farm of Mr. Cadwallader Golden. They were 
 there bred for several years, but had no recorded pedigrees. They 
 were afterwards crossed with the later bulls imported in 1822, by'a 
 Mr.;Wayne, viz. : Comet, r383, and Nelson, 1914, A. H. B. Some of 
 the descendants of the Cox cows and bulls became the property of 
 Mr. Bullock, of Albany county, which were bred to these bulls, and 
 many good animals sprung from them. These latter were locally 
 called the "Bullock stock." We first saw several of them in the 
 year 1833. They were large, robust animals, good, although not 
 remarkably fine in quality, but compared with others of later impor- 
 tation, true Short-horns. 
 
 "The Kentucky Importation of 1817." 
 
 We now come onto fair ground in the introduction of genuine 
 Short-homs in the United States ; and although frequent debates and 
 controversies have occurred touching the purity in blood of the Short- 
 horns of that importation, to a candid mind there can be little doubt 
 of their legitimate descent. The story of their purchase, arrival in 
 Kentucky, and subsequent breeding, has been often told in various 
 publications — among others, in the first and second volumes of the 
 American Herd Book ; but as these volumes may not be at the read- 
 er's hand, a full repetition of their history will be given. 
 
 Col. Lewis Sanders, a gentleman of character, position, and engaged 
 in active business, then in the prime of life, lived at Grass Hills, Ky., 
 in the year i8r6. We have had the pleasure of his personal acquaint- 
 ance, having first met him about the year 1850, in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 and on two or three occasions afterwards — the last time in the city 
 of New York, in the winter of 1859-60, he then being upwards of 
 eighty years of age, and a few years previous to his decease. In our 
 first interview he particularly related the account of his importation 
 of cattle from England into Kentucky in the year 181 7, of which we 
 then made a memorandum. Of his truthfulness no one knowing him 
 ever entertained a question. The best and most succinctly written 
 account of that importation was by Mr. Brutus J. Clay, of Bourbon 
 county, Ky., a large farmer. Short-horn cattle breeder, and a gentle- 
 man of unquestionable character, published February i, 1855, in the 
 Ohio Farmer, at Cleveland, Ohio. In prefacing his account Mr. Clay 
 introduces a letter from Col. Sanders to Mr. Edwin G. Bedford, an 
 extensive and experienced Short-horn cattle breeder of Bourbon 
 county, Ky. : 
 II 
 
l62 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 " I was induced to send the order for the cattle (in the fall of 
 1816), by seeing an account of Charles CoUing's great sale in 1810. 
 At this sale enormous prices were paid ; one thousand guineas for 
 the bull Comet. This induced me to think there was a value un- 
 known to us in these cattle, and as I then had the control of means, 
 determined to procure some of this breed. For some years previous 
 I was in the regular receipt of English publications on agricultural 
 improvements, and improvements in the various descriptions of stock. 
 From the reported surveys ctf counties, I was pretty well posted as to 
 the localities of the most esteemed breeds of cattle. My mind was 
 made up, fixing on the Short-horns as most suitable for us. I had 
 frequent conversations on this matter with my friend and neighbor, 
 Capt. William Smith, then an eminent breeder of cattle. He was 
 thoroughly impressed in favor of the old Long-horn breed. To 
 gratify him, and to please some old South Branch feeders, I ordered 
 a pair of Long-horns ; and was more willing to do so from the fact, 
 that this was the breed selected by the distinguished Mr. Bakewell 
 for his experimental, yet most successful improvements. I forwarded 
 to the house of Buchanan, Smith & Co., of Liverpool, $1,500 to make the 
 purchase, expecting to get three pair only, with instructions to pro- 
 cure a competent judge and suitable agent, to go into the cattle 
 district and make the selection, the animals not to be over two years 
 old, and no restriction as to price. At the time, the Holderness breed 
 was in highest repute for milkers. I directed that the agent should 
 be sent to Yorkshire to procure a pair of that breed, then to the river 
 Tees, in Durham county, for a pair of Short-horn Durhams, then to 
 the county of Westmoreland for a pair of the Long-horns, etc. 
 
 " The agent sent from Liverpool, J. C. Etches, a celebrated butcher 
 of that place, went as directed, and purchased six pair instead of 
 three. It being soon after the war, all kinds of produce had much 
 cheapened, and the stock sold lower than was expected. 
 
 " After the cattle were shipped from Liverpool, on the vessel Mo- 
 hawk, bound to Baltimore, Md., where the cattle afterwards landed, 
 I sold one-third interest in them to Capt. William Smith, and another 
 third to Dr. Tegarden, of Kentucky." 
 
 It appears that there were twelve animals in all purchased and 
 shipped — eight Short-horns, four bulls and four heifers; and four 
 Long-horns, two bulls and two heifers. No pedigrees came with the 
 cattle, as it was five years previous to the publication of the first 
 volume of the English Short-horn Herd Book. There was simply an 
 
THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 163 
 
 invoice of the cattle, which only partially described them. This 
 invoice Col. Sanders gave, as follows : 
 
 " No. I. Bull from Mr. Clement Winston, on the river Tees, got 
 by Mr. Constable's bull, brother to Comet," afterwards (155) E. H. B. 
 The name of this bull was San Martin, afterwards (2599) in E. H. B. 
 
 " No. 2. Bull, Holderness breed, from Mr. Scott, out of a cnw 
 which gave 34 quarts of milk per day." The name of this bull was 
 Tecumseh, afterwards (5409) E. H. B. 
 
 " No. 3. Bull from Mr. Reed, West-holme, of his own old breed." 
 This bull is probably the one called Comet, afterwards 1382, A. H. B. 
 Said to have been got by either Comet (155), or his brother North Star 
 (458), E. H. B. 
 
 " No. 4. Bull, Holderness breed, from Mr. Humphreys, got by 
 Mr. Mason's bull, of Islington." No Herd Book record appears to 
 have since been made of this bull, and we know not what became of 
 him. Mr. Clay states that one of the bulls " was sold to Capt. Fowler, 
 who afterwards sold him to Gen. Fletcher, and was taken to Bath 
 county, Ky., where he died." 
 
 Of the'females, the invoice states that 
 
 " No. 7, was a heifer from Mr. Wilson, Staindrop, Durham breed. 
 
 " Nos. 8, 9, 10, were heifers from Mr. Shipman, on the river Tees, 
 of his own breed. 
 
 "In the division of the Short-horns above named. Col. Sanders 
 became owner of the bulls San Martin and Tecumseh." Col. San- 
 ders states that Comet became the property of Dr. Tegarden. 
 
 " Of the Shipman heifers. No. 7 became the property of Captain 
 Smith, and was called the 'Durham Cow.' 
 
 " Of the three remaining, two were retained by Col. Sanders. One 
 of which was called ' Mrs. Motte,' and the other named the ' Teeswater 
 Cow.' " 
 
 The other .fourth heifer died in Maryland, never having reached 
 Kentucky. 
 
 This disposes of the Short-horns of the importation. 
 
 " Of the Long-horns, Capt. Smith was the owner of one of the bulls, 
 called 'Bright.' Dr. Tegarden took the other, and called him 'Ris- 
 ing Sun,' which, by some strange mistake, is recorded in the English 
 Short-horn Herd Book as number (6386). 
 
 " Of the Long-horn cows. No. 1 1 was called the ' Long-horn Cow,' 
 and No. 12, 'Georgia Ann,' the property of the gentlemen who 
 owned the Long-horn bulls." 
 
r64 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The Long-horns were bred together, and left some produce. A 
 Long-horn bull, from Capt. Smith's cow, was sold to Mr. George 
 Renick, of the Scioto valley, in Ohio, where he was bred for some 
 years. The original Long-horn bulls were bred to some extent to 
 other cows than those which were imported with them, but they did not 
 prove popular with the cattle breeders of Kentucky, and after a trial 
 of some years they gradually run out, as many years ago no trace of 
 them, in pure blood, could be found in the vicinity of their importa- 
 tion. Through the bull taken to Ohio by Mr. Renick (.but whether 
 from pure Long-horn heifers or not we have no information), several 
 cattle with marked characteristics of the blood were bred in the 
 Scioto valley. We recollect, in 182 1, when just verging into man- 
 hood, taking a horseback journey from Columbus to Circleville, in 
 the vicinity of which latter town the Renick brothers owned large 
 landed estates, we saw a herd of a dozen or more Long-homed cattle 
 grazing in a field by the side of the road. Their singular appearance, 
 grazing on the rich blue-grass, or lying under the shade of the majes- 
 tic trees, attracted our attention. We rode up to the fence, hitched 
 our horse, and went into the field to view them. They had every 
 appearance of being either thorough-bred, or high grades of the 
 Long-horn breed, with long drooping horns, pushing forward beyond 
 their noses, or falling below their jaws, light brindle in color, with 
 white stripes along their backs, as we now see their portraits in the 
 books. They were long-bodied, a little swayed in the back, not 
 very compact in shape, but withal imposing animals to the eye. 
 We made no inquiries about them at the time, as we then knew little 
 of breeds of cattle. Thirty years afterwards being again at Circle- 
 ville, and having a better knowledge of breeds, on inquiry for cattle 
 of that character, we could find no trace, nor even a recollection of 
 them among the older farmers of the vicinity. 
 
 We have diverged into this somewhat extended episode of the 
 Long-horns to explain why and wherefore it has since become a sub- 
 ject of more or less controversy with doubters of the integrity of 
 the Short-horn blood of the 1817 importation, that the Long-horn _ 
 blood became to some extent amalgamated with the true Short-horn 
 blood of the stock which came into Kentucky with them. It is cer- 
 tain that the bull "Rising Sun" got into the English Herd Book 
 (6386), as "imported into the United States of America." It is also 
 certain that some pedigrees of crosses between the Long-horned 
 and Short-horned cattle have crept into the Herd Books, both Eng- 
 lish and American ; but, as the Long-horns in England have for a 
 
THE KENTUCKY IM]PORTATION OF 1817. 165 
 
 long series of years been considered a valuable race, and their reputa- . 
 tion, through the skill and perseverance of Bakewell, their distinguished 
 breeder, stood high, and many pure Short-horn crosses have since 
 been made upon the Kentucky Long-horns, little, if any, injury can 
 be imputed to animals now existing which may inherit the remote 
 fraction of-Long-horn blood traced into their veins. 
 
 To return to the Short-horns of the 1817 importation, and the 
 evidences, in absence of pedigrees to them, touching- their purity of 
 blood, which has been challenged. In addition to the testimony of 
 Col. Sanders in the employment of his agent, Mr. Etches, the latter, 
 in a letter to Mr. Affleck, published in the Western Farmer and Gar- 
 dener^ writes : " I have been a butcher twenty-eight years in Liver- 
 pool, and am a breeder of fine stock. I was the purchaser of the 
 Short-horn stock for Messrs. Buchanan, Smith & Co., which went to 
 America in 18 17 — six in number, three bulls and three heifers [eight 
 he ought to have said, as there were four of, each sex, including the 
 two Holderness, which were also Short-horns, in fact]. Every animal 
 was pure of its kind." They were selected in Durham or Yorkshire— 
 perhaps in both, near the river Tees, the ancient home of the race. 
 
 Mr. Etches was afterwards the purchaser of Short-horns for other 
 American importers — for Mr. Letton, of Kentucky, of the bull Loco- 
 motive, 92 and (4242), also for Mr. Vail, of Troy, N. Y., of the bull 
 Duke of Wellington, 55 and (3654), and the cow Duchess, page 172, 
 Vol. I, A. H. B., all three of them from the herd pf Mr. Thomas 
 Bates. 
 
 The late Gen. James Garrard, of Kentucky, whose word no^ne 
 would question, states that "when in England many years ago, he 
 saw Mr. Etches, who assured him that the Short-horns which he pur- 
 chased for Col. Sanders were as good of their kind as were then to 
 be had in England." 
 
 Further, we now quote from the second volume of the American 
 Herd Book, edited in the year 1855 : 
 
 "In 1848, Mr. Stevens, of New York, was in England. He thus 
 writes: 'I saw Mr. J. C. Etches in York, and was introduced 
 to him by Mr. Thomas Bates, the noted Short-horn breeder. In 
 answer to my questions, Mr. Etches remarked : ' I purchased for Mr. 
 Sanders, of America, in, 18 17, some Short-horn cattle, of different 
 persons, near the river Tees. These cattle were thought by myself 
 and others to be very fine animals.' In answer to the question by 
 me if he knew the pedigrees of any of these cattle, Mr. Etches turned 
 to Mr. Bates, and said : ' Mr. Bates probably knows something about 
 
l66 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 the pedigree of the Shipman heifers, and I refer to him.' Mr. Bates 
 replied, that he well recollected of Mr. Shipman 's selling a heifer to 
 go to America She was called ' Mrs. Motte,' after a sister of either 
 Mr. or Mrs. Shipman. Mr. Maynard had a cow by a son of Hubback 
 (319), which cow he called Starling. This cow (Starling) had three 
 daughters. One of these daughters Mr. Maynard kept. One he sold 
 to me (Mr. Bates), and the other he sold to Mr. Shipman, who called 
 her ' Starling,' after her dam, and when he bought her she was in calf 
 to 'Adam' (717). The produce was a heifer, which he called 'Mrs 
 Motte,' and afterwards sold to Mr. Etches.' As Mr. Bates owned a 
 sister of the dam of Mrs. Motte, he knew her pedigree, and as a sale 
 to go to America was a remarkable thing in that day, the fact made a 
 strong impression on Mr. Bates' mind. See pedigree of ' Young Star- 
 ling,' in page 543, Vol. 2, Coates' Herd Book. Mr. Shipman 's 'Star- 
 ling ' (dam of Mrs. Motte), was full sister to one of the Starlings 
 named in said pedigree. (Of course her pedigree was the same.) 
 
 " Mrs. Motte 's pedigree thus stands : 
 
 "Mrs. Motte, got by Adam (717), dam Starling, by a son [by 
 Favorite (252)] of Mr. Maynard's old Yellow Favorite (cow); gr. d. 
 by a son of Hubback (319), g. gr. d. by Manfield (404), g. g. gr. d. 
 (Young Strawberry), by Dalton Duke (188). Here this pedigree, at 
 page 543, Vol. 2, ends; but referring, in Vol. i, page 508, to the ped- 
 igree of Young Strawberry, the cow last named above, it will be seen 
 that she goes further back, in carrying out the pedigree of Mrs. 
 Motte, thus : g. g. g. gr. d. Favorite (bred by Mr. Maynard), by Mr. 
 R. ^Icock's bull (19). Then, in pedigree of this cow, Favorite, Vol. 
 I, page 308, it will be seen that Mrs. Motte's pedigree continues 
 further back, thus : g. g. g. g. gr. d. by Mr. Jacob Smith's bull (608), 
 g. g. g. g. g. gr. d. by Mr. Jolly's bull (337). There are few, if any, 
 better pedigrees than Mrs. Motte's — granting it to be correct — in the 
 English Herd Book. 
 
 "As the other two heifers, and the bulls, were purchased in the 
 iame neighborhood, and at the same time, it may be inferred, that if 
 their pedigrees were not equal in length, their blood may have been 
 as good. But it is not proposed to argue the question. Facts are 
 submitted. 
 
 " In the succeeding importations, by Mr. Powel, of Philadelphia, 
 in i824-'s (the pedigrees of which were unquestioned), the produce 
 of some of them went to Kentucky; the descendants of the 18 17 
 importation were bred to these bulls, and were afterwards bred to 
 the Ohio and Kentucky importations of later years ; and as they have 
 
THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 167 
 
 been bred upon by fresher unquestionable 'Short-horn blood for more 
 than thirty years, there is but a fractional part of the 1817 blood to 
 be traced in any living animal claiming descent from it. These 
 descendants stand upon record as having frequently been successful 
 competitors among the prize cattle in the States, where they have 
 been exhibited by the side of those possessing none else than pure 
 Short-hqrn blood. ' 
 
 " Since writing the above, I have been favored with a letter from 
 Mr. H. H. Hankins, of Bloomington, Clinton county, Ohio, who was 
 one of the agents Sent by the Clinton County Cattle Company to 
 England, for the purchase of Short-horns, in 1854. It is thus: 
 
 ' Dear Sir — ^Yours, asking for information relative to the Sanders 
 cattle importation of 1817, is at hand. I was, when in England, in 
 the immediate neighborbood of the river Tees, where Mr. Etches 
 purchased the cattle, «. e., the Short-horns. Before I left Ohio, I had 
 learned the names of the persons of whom the stock had been bought, 
 and also their locality. I made inquiry of many who are now breed- 
 ing Short-horns on the Tees, respecting the persons of whom the 
 cattle were bought. I found several who knew them from character, 
 but were not personally acquainted with them ; but was recommended 
 to call on an old gentleman, of good character, living near Darling- 
 ton, who had been a breeder of Short-horns at the time Mr. Etches 
 bought them for Col. Sanders. His name is Timothy Lanchester. 
 He told me that he had been an intimate friend of Messrs. Robert 
 and Charles Colling, and most of the other old breeders in Durham. 
 I gave him the names of the men of whom Mr. Etches bought the 
 cattle for Mr. Sanders. He at once said that he knew them well, 
 and gave me a certificate, a copy of which I send you. I was recom- 
 mended to this old gentleman by the Messrs. Emerson, Harrison, and 
 others, who spoke highly of his integrity and knowledge of the old 
 breeders in that vicinity. The certificate is as follows : 
 
 ' I, Timothy Lanchester, of Haughton Leskeine, near Darlington, Durham, Eng- 
 land, born in the year 1771, do hereby certify, that I was well acquainted with 
 Matthew Shipman, Clement Winston, Thomas Reed, and Mr. Wilson, who were 
 cattle breeders on the river Tees, and who, it is said, sold some Short-horns to a Mr. 
 Etches, of Liverpool, which were to be shipped to the United States, in the year 1817. 
 
 ' They were gentlemen of the highest character, and their fine Short-horns were 
 considered equal to any in the country at that day. The importance of keeping 
 pedigrees was not so much thought of at that day as at the present; since which 
 time there has been a public record of the Short-horns kept in England, by which 
 may be traced, some of them, to the herds of the above-named gentlemen. I was 
 engaged in breeding Short-horns at the date above alluded to, and have been more 
 
1 68 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 or less interested in Short-horns up to the present, and have been familiar with most 
 of the breeders of Short-horns in England, from the days of the CoUings down to 
 the present time, and I have never heard any one doubt that the Messrs. Shipman, 
 Winston, Reed and Wilson, possessed as pure Short-horns as existed at that day. 
 ' Given under my hand, at Darlington, England, the 6th day of March, 1854. 
 
 (Signed) Timothy Lanchester.' 
 
 ' I could have had a number, of other certificates from younger 
 breeders, but I preferred to take one from this old and much esteemed 
 gentleman, who had personally known those old breeders. 
 
 (Signed) H. H. Hankins. 
 
 ' Bloomington, Ohio, March 25, 1855.' " 
 
 To pursue the 181 7 importation exhaustively, we quote further 
 from Vol. 4, American Herd Book, edited in the year 1859 : 
 
 " I herewith publish a list of the produce, by name, of the three 
 cows of Col. Sanders' Kentucky importation of 1817, together with 
 the produce of some of their daughters. The record will be gratify- 
 ing to many who are interested in that blood, and valuable for future 
 reference. For these papers I am indebted to Mr. H. H. Hankins, 
 of Clinton county, Ohio, who received them from Dr. S. D. Martin, 
 of Clark county, Ky. They are as follows : 
 
 ^''Produce of Mrs. Motte, Kentucky importation 1S17. 
 
 Year of Color 
 Births. & Sex. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sire. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 1818, B. 
 
 Paul Jones (4661), 
 
 Imp. Tecumseh (5409), 
 
 
 1819, Red H. 
 
 Lady Munday, 
 
 IrJp. San Martin (2599) 
 
 Gen. Garrard. 
 
 1821, " H. 
 
 Lady Kate, 
 
 Imp. Tecumseh (5409), 
 
 T. P. Dudley. 
 
 1823, " H. 
 
 Miss Motte, 
 
 Imp. San Martin (2599) 
 
 Col. Sanders. 
 
 1824, " H. 
 
 Sylvia, 
 
 do. 
 
 Gen. Garrard. 
 
 1826, " B. 
 
 Den. de la Motte (1914) 
 
 do. 
 
 Dr. Martin. 
 
 1827, r.&w.B. 
 
 Stonehammer, 
 
 do. ■ 
 
 Ohio Shakers. 
 
 1828, " B. 
 
 Accommodation (2907) 
 
 Complanter (3492), 
 
 Walter Dun. 
 
 1830, " B. 
 
 Partnership (6277), (?) 
 
 Accommodation (2907) 
 
 
 
 "Produce of the Durham Cow, Kentucky importation iSij. 
 
 1818, 
 
 — B. 
 
 WicklifFe's bull, logg, 
 
 Got on passage,* 
 
 Robert Wicklifle. 
 
 1819, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Wellington, 
 
 San Martin (2599), 
 
 Mr. Carr. 
 
 1820, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Smith Heifer, 
 
 do. . 
 
 Gen. Garrard. 
 
 1821, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Lady Durham, 
 
 do. 
 
 B.W.&E.Worthen. 
 
 1822, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Lafayette, 1755, 
 
 Paul Jones (4661), 
 
 Col. Sanders. 
 
 1823, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Napoleon, 1899, 
 
 San Martin (^2599), 
 
 Major Gano. 
 
 1824, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Beauty, 
 
 Lafayette, 1755, 
 
 Col. Sanders. 
 
 1825, 
 
 — B. 
 
 DeKalb (steer). 
 
 Napoleon, l8gq, , 
 
 do. 
 
 1826, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Dead, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 1828, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Hadassah, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 1829, 
 
 — H. 
 
 No name, 
 
 do. 
 
 Major Gano. 
 
 " * The Herd Book pedigree of WicklifFe's bull, says : ' Got by San Martin (2399)'.— L. F. A, 
 
THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 169 
 
 '^Produce of the Teeswater Cow, Kentucky importation 1817. 
 
 Year of Color 
 Births. & Sex. 
 
 Name, 
 
 Sire. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 1818, Red B. 
 
 — H. 
 
 — H. 
 
 — B 
 
 Mirandi (4488), 
 Miss Haggin, 
 Hetty (Haggin), 
 Kentuckian (1733), 
 One Teat, 
 Pink, 
 
 Got on passage,* 
 San Martin (2599), 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Mirandi (4488), 
 Munday's bull, 727, 
 
 Judge Haggin. 
 Dr. Warfield. 
 W. R. Scott. 
 
 — H. 
 
 — H. 
 
 Judge Haggin. 
 S. Smith. 
 
 " In regard to the produce o| this cow. Dr. Martin says : ' I cannot give the dates 
 of their birth, nor do I suppose I have given them in their proper order' (of sex or 
 name). — Ed. 
 
 " ♦ The Herd Book pedigree of Mirandi, says : ' Got by San Martin (2599)'. — L. F, A. 
 
 "Produce of Lady Munday, by San Martin (z^gg), out of Mrs. Motte. 
 
 I82I, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Complanter (3492), 
 
 Tecumseh (5409), 
 
 Hector Lewis. 
 
 1821, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Champion, 325, 
 
 do. 
 
 Gen. Garrard, 
 
 1824, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Tulip, 
 
 Mirandi (4488), 
 
 do. 
 
 182s, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Dead, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 1826, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Beauty, 
 
 Sportsman, 998, 
 
 do. 
 
 1827, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Denton (3583). 
 
 Champion, 325, 
 
 do. 
 
 1828, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Misfortune, 716, 
 
 Sportsman, 998, 
 
 do. 
 
 1829, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Comet, 355, 
 
 do.* 
 
 do. 
 
 1830, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Drone, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 I83I, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Drucilla, 
 
 Duroc, 454, 
 
 do. 
 
 1832, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Slider, 979, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 ' * The Herd Book pedigree of Comet, says : ' Got by Complanter (3492)'.— L. F. A. 
 
 "Produce of Lady Kate, by Tecumseh (S4og), out of Mrs. Motte. 
 
 1824, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Duchess, 
 
 San Martin (2599), 
 
 H. Blanton. 
 
 
 — B. 
 
 Mohawk (4492), 
 
 do. 
 
 James MTinday. 
 
 1827, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Nancy Dawson, 
 
 do. 
 
 Mr. McClure. 
 
 1829, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Eleanor, 
 
 Stonehammer, 
 
 T. P. Dudley. 
 
 1830, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Amanda, 
 
 Accommodation (2907) 
 
 T. G. Brent., 
 
 I83I, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Oscar, 
 
 do. 
 
 T. P. Dudley. 
 
 1832, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Backway (?), 
 
 do. 
 
 Mr. Goodloe. 
 
 1833. 
 
 — B. 
 
 Dan Webster, 
 
 Tariff, 1023, 
 
 Mr. Dudley. 
 
 1834, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Southard, 994,)* 
 
 Pontiac (4734). 
 
 do. 
 
 1836, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Dead, 
 
 Tariff, 1023, 
 
 do. 
 
 1837, 
 
 — H. 
 
 Miss Biddle, 
 
 Nic Biddle, 
 
 T.P.& J. W.Dudley. 
 
 1838, 
 
 — B. 
 
 Echo, 
 
 Geo. Reynolds, 1610, 
 
 do. 
 
 " In 1838, Lady Kale broke her leg, and was slaughtered at 17 years old. 
 
 "Produce of the Smith Heifer, by San Martin (2Sgg), out of the Dur- 
 ham Cow. 
 
 1824, — B. Sportsman, 998, 
 
 I Complanter (3492), | Gen. Garrard. 
 
 ' This cow had no other calf, being soon afterwards killed by the goring of an ox. 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 ''^Produce of Sylvia, by San Martin Czjpp), out of Mrs. Motte. 
 
 Year of Color 
 Births. & Sex. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sire. 
 
 Owner. 
 
 1826, — B. 
 
 Exchange, 482, 
 
 Champion, 325, 
 
 Gov.Trimble, Ohio. 
 
 1828, — B. 
 
 Duroc, 454, 
 
 Sportsman, qq8, 
 
 Messrs. Renick, do. 
 
 1830, — H. 
 
 Nymph, 
 
 do. 
 
 Gen. Garrard. 
 
 1831, — B. 
 
 President, 2046, 
 
 Complanter (3492), 
 
 do. 
 
 1832, — B. 
 
 Proclamation (4838), 
 
 Denton (3583), 
 
 do. 
 
 1834, — H. 
 
 Octavia, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 1835, - H. 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 Exception (3746), 
 
 do. 
 
 ^^ Produce of Lady Durham, by San Martin (s^gg), out of the Durham 
 
 Cow. 
 
 1833- 
 1834- 
 1835. 
 1836, 
 
 1837. 
 
 - H. 
 
 Susan Munday, 
 
 Mirandi (4488), 
 
 James Haggin. 
 
 - H. 
 
 Laura, 
 
 Oliver (2387), 
 
 3en. Warfield. 
 
 - H. 
 
 Lady Macallister, 
 
 Pontiac (4734), 
 
 J. N. Brown, 111. 
 
 - H. 
 
 Phoenix, 
 
 Oliver (2387), 
 
 Ben. Warfield. 
 
 - H. 
 
 Lily, 
 
 Alonzo, 2og, 
 
 E. Worthen. 
 
 - B 
 
 Commodore (3448), 
 Daniel Boone, 
 
 Mirandi (4488), 
 
 Son of Mirandi (4488), 
 
 
 - B. 
 
 
 - B. 
 
 Kentucky, 1734, 
 
 Tariff, 1023, 
 
 
 "(A part of the numbers attached to the bulls in the above tables, I have looked 
 up and placed there myself. — L. F. A.) 
 
 " Dr. Martin, in a note, adds : ' I have no list of the produce of the Durham 
 Cow's heifer Beauty, by Lafayette, 1755, except one heifer called Beauty, by Prince 
 Regent, 877.' 
 
 " Thus it will be seen that the three imported cows produced thir- 
 teen heifers, besides sundry bulls, and that four of those heifers 
 produced fifteen heifer calves, besides bulls — twenty-eight known 
 females. Supposing the eight other heifers (for the ' Smith heifer ' 
 only produced one calf, and that a bull) had produced three heifer 
 calves each, making twenty-four, there would be in the second gen- 
 eration of the imported cows, including ' Beauty, by Prince Regent,' 
 forty breeding cows — and those well cultivated in their breeding 
 faculties during their lives, as their liberal proprietors, both in Ken- 
 tucky and Ohio, would be sure to do, we can well imagine that their 
 numbers, at the present time, would swell to an extent much beyond 
 what the pages of the Herd Books represent. 
 
 "Had all the names of the heifer descendants of the 181 7 impor- 
 tation been preserved by the breeders of their produce, many of the 
 uncertainties resting upon some of their recorded pedigrees would be 
 explained. The same remarks may be applied to the produce of 
 some other importations of well-bred Short-horns many years ago. 
 
THE KENTUCKY IMPORTATION OF 1817. 17I 
 
 occasional pedigrees or memorandums of which have been hunted up 
 and recorded in the present volume. 
 
 " With these tables of produce of the three cows of the original 
 Kentucky importation in 1817, and some of their heifers, it is to be 
 hoped that those breeders interested in their blood, whose cattle ped- 
 igrees do not trace back, by name, on the dam's side, will be able to 
 substantiate their claim to an undisputed genealogy.'' 
 
 It will thus be seen that all Short-horns tracing their pedigrees 
 back through well-bred bulls into animals of both sexes named in the 
 foregoing tables, may be called pure Short-horns, admitting that the 
 181 7 importation were such. Alluding back to Mr. B. J. Clay's letter 
 from which we have so largely quoted, he remarks: "In 181 7 [other 
 accounts say i8i8] Mr. James Prentice, of Lexington, Ky., imported 
 two bulls, John Bull, 598K, and Prince Regent, 877, A. H. B., one of 
 the celebrated Durham improved breed, and the other of the im- 
 proved ^Milk ' breed. John Bull was a deep red, fine size, good form, 
 with delicate down-pointed horns. Prince Regent was pied, white, 
 with some red spots. They were purchased by Nathaniel Hart, of 
 Woodford, and John Hart, of Fayette counties, for $1,500, and pro- 
 duced some good stock." 
 
 These bulls were considered good Short-horns, but like the impor- 
 tation of 181 7, they had no written pedigrees. Many excellent Herd 
 Book animals now trace their genealogy into John Bull and Prince 
 Regent, of the Prentice importation. 
 
 Those pedigrees which trace through well-bred bulls since the 
 Gough and Miller importation, or Patton tribe, may have a slight 
 fraction of unknown blood ; but it may possibly be doubted whether 
 they now have more outside blood in their composition than some 
 other Short-horns of English birth and Herd Book pedigrees which 
 have since been imported. 
 
 As intimated, there may be some trivial errors in the foregoing 
 accounts of the early Kentucky Short-horn herds, caused by the 
 various sources from which they are derived, but in the main they 
 may be considered correct. Many years ago, between 1830 and 
 1840, a committee for the purpose of compiling and issuing a Short- 
 horn Herd Book in Kentucky was appointed, consisting of the late 
 Messrs. Benjamin Warfield of Fayette, Samuel D. Martin of Clark, 
 and Robert W. Scott of Franklin counties — the two last mentioned 
 still living. They obtained probably all the information then in 
 existence relative to the subject in hand. We understood that Dr. 
 Martin was charged with the possession of the documentary matter 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 pertaining to their proposed labors, but the project was never carried 
 out. It is chiefly from such material that our information, at second 
 hand, has been derived. 
 
 In November, 1817, Mr. Samuel Williams, of Massachusetts, then 
 a merchant, residing in London, England, purchased of the cele- 
 brated breeder, Mr. Wetherell, and sent to his brother, Stephen 
 Williams, of Northboro', Mass., the bull "Young Denton" (963), 16 
 months old. (This pedigree in Vol. 2, E. H. B., says Mr. Wetherell 
 sold him to Col. Powel, near Philadelphia, Pa., but that is an error.) 
 The bull arrived in Boston, Mass. He remained in that State until 
 the year 1827 or '28, when he was taken to Maine,' where he died 
 April 16, 1830. We saw the bull in Massachusetts in the year 1822, 
 then owned by Mr. Williams. He was a fine animal. 
 
 In 181 8 Mr. Cornelius Coolidge, of Boston, imported the bull 
 Coelebs, 349, and cow Flora, by Son of Comet (155), both bred by 
 Mr. Mason, of Chilton. From them descended many good animals 
 whose pedigrees are in the American Herd Book. 
 
 About the year i82o-'2i, Mr. Law, of Baltimore, or Washington, 
 
 D. C, imported the cow Rosemary, by Flash (261), bred by Mr. 
 Curwen. Rosemary afterwards passed into the possession of Col. 
 Powel, of Philadelphia, Pa., and from her many distinguished ani- 
 mals of Kentucky and other States are descended. Mr. Law may at 
 the same time have imported another animal or two. If so, we have 
 no account of their names. 
 
 In 1 82 1 the late Colonel John S. Skinner, of Baltimore, imported 
 for Governor Lloyd, of Maryland, the bull Champion (864), the 
 cows Shepherdess, by Magnet (302), and White Rose, by Warrior 
 (673); all these were bred by Mr. Coates, the first editor of the 
 
 E. H. B. Shepherdess afterwards became the property of Colonel 
 Powel. What became of White Rose is not known. She was the 
 dam of Wye Comet (1591), by Blaize (76), got in England, but bom 
 in America, the property of Mr. Law. He was afterwards owned and 
 used by Col. Powel, and finally by Mr. Watson, of Connecticut. 
 
 In 1822 Mr. Williams, of London, before named, also sent to his 
 brother the cow Arabella, by North Star (460), bred by Mr. Weth- 
 erell. From her came numerous descendants whose pedigrees are 
 found in the several volumes of the American Herd Book. 
 
 In or about the year 1822 several cows were imported into Boston 
 by Messrs. Lee, Orr, Monson, and perhaps others, chiefly from the 
 stock of Mr. Wetherell, before mentioned ; among these were Tube- 
 rose, by North Star (460), owned by Mr. Monson, and Harriet, by 
 
VARIOUS OTHER IMPORTATIONS. 173 
 
 Denton (198), owned by Mr. Orr. Both thqse cows had full pedi- 
 grees, and left several good descendants. The writer purchased 
 Harriet in the year 1834, then 14 years old, and unfortunately, past 
 breeding. She was a fine cow, mostly white in color. 
 
 In 1823 Admiral Sir Isaac Cofifin, of the British Navy (Massachu- 
 setts born), sent out to the Massachusetts Agricultural Society the 
 bull Admiral (1608), and cow Annabella, by Major (398), from the 
 herd of Mr. Wetherell. Both animals left many descendant's. 
 
 In 1823 Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer, of Albany, N. Y. — through 
 Col. Skinner, as we understood — imported from the herd of Mr. 
 Champion, the bull Washington (1566), and the cows Pansy, by 
 Blaize (76), and Conquest. The latter of these cows never bred, but 
 Pansy had several descendants by Washington, whose produce have 
 since been bred and distributed into many States of the Union. 
 
 In the year 1822, and during some years afterwards, the late Mr. 
 Charles Henry Hall, a merchant of New York, who had previously 
 lived and done business in different countries of Europe, imported 
 several Short-horns, selected from some of the best herds in England, 
 and among them the cow Princess, by Lancaster (360), bred in 1816, 
 by Robert Colling. Mr. Hall resided on a small farm at Harlem, 
 then a village, just out of New York city, on Manhattan Island. He 
 kept and bred a few of his Short-horns there, but the larger portion 
 of them were taken to his farm in Greenbush, near Albany, where 
 they were for several years kept and bred. This gentleman was not 
 particularly mindful .of keeping the pedigrees of his stock, although 
 purely bred, and through this inattention much of the correct lineage 
 of his herd was lost. We knew Mr. Hall personally for some years 
 while breeding his cattle, and after he had disposed of his herds. In 
 answer to our inquiries of their blood relations, his answers were only 
 that "they were all purely bred," but, preserving few memoranda of 
 their breeding, he could not give particulars. Some of them — the 
 Princess family, for instance — have been registered correctly in the 
 American Herd Book ; others 9.S only tracing to his imported cows 
 and bulls. This much, however, is certain : Mr. Hall assured us at 
 different times that he had his animals selected with great care in 
 England, and he paid liberal prices for them. We saw many of their 
 descendants between the years 1833 and 1840, and they had every 
 appearance of well-bred Short-horns, with high milking qualities. 
 
 During the above years of Mr. Hall's importations, several gentle- 
 men of New York, chiefly through his influence, imported some 
 valuable Short-horns, selected as were Mr. Hall's, chiefly, as we 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 understood, through the agency of Mr. Ashcroft. These were bred 
 in the neighborhood of the city, on Long Island, and in Westchester 
 county ; but their pedigrees, on account of their owners not knowing 
 their importance, were sadly neglected. There can be no doubt, 
 however, of the integrity of their blood. Some of their descendants 
 are in the American Herd Book, tracing to the original importations. 
 
 In the year 1824, the late Col. John H. Powel, of Powelton, near 
 Philadelphia, Pa., a gentleman of large wealth and public spirit in 
 agricultural improvement, began the importation of Short-horns, and 
 continued it for some years. His selections were mainly, if not 
 altogether, from the herd of Mr. Jonas Whitaker, already mentioned, 
 of Otley, in Yorkshire. He bred them with great attention and care 
 on his home estate, and sold many of their descendants into neigh- 
 boring districts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Some also went 
 into New England, others into Kentucky and Ohio. In the cows, he 
 aimed at securing large milkers, for dairy purposes, in which one of 
 his families, the Belinas, were famous for their yields of both milk 
 and butter. In 1831 he imported the bull Bertram (1716), bred by 
 Mr. Whitaker. We saw him in his stable at Powelton, in August of 
 that year, then 3 years old, a few months after his arrival. In color 
 he was red, with a little white, a compact, massive form, short in 
 the leg, of fine touch, good hair, and altogether an imposing animal. 
 Many distinguished animals of our American herds trace into his 
 blood. Col. Powel bred him for some years in his herd. We saw at 
 the same time several of his imported cows, among them Belina, by 
 Barmpton (54), a famous milker, which yielded at the rate of 20>f 
 pounds of butter per week. These cows struck us as being of excel- 
 lent quality, with indications of giving large quantities of milk, and 
 were in rather low condition. They were good in form, long in body, 
 straight on the back, broad in the hips, with fine heads and horns, 
 excellent coats of hair, with large, well-shaped udders and teats. 
 
 In the year 1828, Mr. Francis Rotch, of New Bedford, Mass., then 
 in England, sent out to his brother-in-law, Mr. Benjamin Rodman, 
 also of New Bedford, the bull Devonshire (966), and the cows Ade- 
 liza, Dulcibella and Galatea, all by Frederick (1060), from the herd 
 of Mr. Whitaker, and with good pedigrees. Descendants from all of 
 them are now found in several good American herds. 
 
 In 1834, ourself became the owner of "Devonshire," at 8 years 
 old, which we purchased of Mr. Rotch, then his possessor. He was red 
 roan in color, good size, excellent points, and left us, as well as his 
 previous owners, some excellent stock. He died at 11 years old. 
 
MR. ROTCH'S IMPORTATIONS. 175 
 
 The cows, Adeliza and Dulcibella, both roan in color, we have also 
 seen. They were good cows, prolific breeders, excellent milkers, 
 and lived to be aged animals. 
 
 As Mr. Rotch- is the only survivor of the enterprising class of 
 American gentlemen who introduced the Short-horns into the United 
 States previous to the year 1834, we may be pardoned for a further 
 brief mention of him. Contemplating this present work, we wrote to 
 hiin about three years ago at his rural home in Morris, Otsego 
 county, N. Y., asking for some reminiscences of the early American 
 Short-horns to aid us in the undertaking. In his answer, a brief 
 extract from which we give, it will be seen that at the age of more 
 than four-score years, "his eye was not dim, nor his natural force 
 abated." The letter is written in a clear, round hand, unshaken, and 
 legible as when in the prime of his life : 
 
 " And now, my dear friend, having poured out the fullness of my 
 heart [his previous sentences were on personal matters only], I must 
 not expose the emptiness of my head, and incapacity of my mind by 
 attempting to render you much assistance in the interesting labor 
 you are about to undertake. Samuel Williams, who was bred a farm- 
 er's boy in Massachusetts, and became a leading merchant on the 
 Exchange of London, in his prosperity thought of his brother at 
 home, and presuming no present would be more acceptable than 
 some fine stock, sent him over some Short-horns from one of the best 
 herds — Mr. Wetherell's, in England. I think with them came out one 
 or two heifers for a Boston gentleman. It seemed to me they were 
 not appreciated, and but for me and an old friend whom I interested 
 in the affair, their pedigrees would have been irrecoverably lost. 
 
 "When in England, in 1828, and making an importation for my 
 brother-in-law, Mr. Rodman, I arrived at Otley just in time to attend 
 the exhibition of stock, which was then the great and leading show 
 of the North for Short-horns. My sudden arrival as an American, 
 created much interest and kindly feeling which showed itself in the 
 strong wish that I should not go away without obtaining the animals 
 I selected, though not intended for sale. ***** 
 
 " How I would work for you were I ten years younger ! How I 
 should enjoy it ! But it is too late. The decay of intellect, judg- 
 ment, and memory in old age is sad, and much more sad when it is 
 recognized by the individual himself. I dcrbut cumber the earth." 
 
 Mr. Rotch yet survives, at the venerable age of eighty-five years,* 
 still hale and vigorous, enjoying the temperate pleasures of his quiet 
 home in the valley of "The Butternuts," and although retired from 
 
 * Mr. Rotch died January 19th, 1874, aged 86 years. 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 breeding his favorite blooded stock, takes a lively interest in what- 
 ever appertains to their prosperity and value. 
 
 In the year 1830 Mr. Enoch Silsbey, of Boston, Mass., imported 
 the bull Boston (1735), and cow Agatha (alias Boston CoW), by Sir 
 Charles (1440), both bred by Mr. Curry, of Northumberland, Eng. 
 These animals left many descendants, now in several good herds. 
 
 The foregoing memoranda completes the earlier era of Short-horn 
 importations to the United States. The prices for which they could 
 be sold was low compared with their actual value. The spirit in 
 cultivating improved breeds of cattle pervaded few districts of coun- 
 try, and those districts widely separated. Communications between 
 the different breeders were few, and inconvenient, and little of a 
 common, or of rival interests, existed. New England, with a lean soil, ' 
 for the most part, a rigid climate, and a popular opinion generally 
 prevailing among her farmers that Short-horns were great consumers 
 of food, and tender in constitution (both egregious mistakes, when 
 the proper treatment and early maturity of the race were considered), 
 looked upon them as interlopers, and introduced by " fancy gentle- 
 men" only, to have something on their farms more extraordinary 
 than their humbler, harder-working neighbors. 
 
 The Kentuckians, and some few stock breeders in Ohio, most of 
 them large landholders, with a rich soil, a mild climate, and abund- 
 ant forage, had readily ascertained their worth, and breeding on the 
 early "Patten" blood with the 181 7 bulls, and cows exclusively with 
 their own bloods, and afterwards with purchases from the later Balti- 
 more and Philadelphia importations, not only held their own, and 
 carefully kept records of their pedigrees, but industriously increased 
 both in blood and quality their cherished herds. Still, for several 
 years there was a comparative interregnum in Short-horn progress, 
 and aside from the few New England and New York breeders, as- 
 sisted east of the AUeganies by the persistent efforts of Col. Powel, 
 with his fine herd at Powelton, who kept their pedigrees intact, their 
 efforts would have succumbed but for the occasional demand for stock 
 from Kentucky and Ohio. The cattle going westward then had to be 
 traveled on foot, over hilly and mountainous roads for hundreds of 
 miles' distance, and through a period of several weeks' journey to 
 reach their new homes. There were no railways, and hardly a canal 
 by which cattle could be transported, except the Erie, through the 
 interior of New York, which was distant and out of thought for a 
 Kentuckian or southern Ohioan to traverse. 
 
SUBSEQUENT NEGLECT OF THEM. \^^ 
 
 Down to the year, say 1832-3, most of the Short-horn breeders of 
 the States north of Pennsylvania, understanding the importance of 
 true lineage in their stock, had kept correct records of their pedi- 
 grees, aad registered many of them in the English Herd Books. 
 Col. Powel had done the same. Yet several parties to whom some 
 of these breeders had sold more or less of their stock, deplorably 
 neglected to keep correct pedigrees of either them or their increase, 
 and through such neglect they were irrecoverably lost. After the 
 first interest in their possession had passed away some of the cows 
 were crossed with mean, or native bulls, their descendants became 
 grades, devoted only to common uses, and ultimately even thorough- 
 bred cows, in common with grades, were fed off and driven to the 
 shambles. 
 
 12 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Later Short-horn Importations. 
 
 We now arrive at a new era in American Short-horns, dating in 
 the year 1833; many of the Kentucky breeders being convinced by 
 a thirty years' trial, first on the Gough and Miller, or "Patton" 
 stock, and again on the importation of 1817, and their better known 
 successors, that there was a decided improvement in the neat cattle 
 they were rearing, they felt the necessity of still further progress, 
 and also that the material needed should be obtained from a source 
 where the best specimens then existed. The late Mr. Walter Dun, 
 an enterprising Scotch gentleman, residing near Lexington, Ky., in 
 1833, sent out a commission to a friend, Mr. William Douglass, living 
 in the south of Scotland, with ample funds at command, to go into 
 Yorkshire and purchase several Short-horn cattle, the animals to be 
 of the best quality, without regard to any reasonable price to be paid 
 for them. 
 
 The entire correspondence between the parties connected with this 
 transaction has been submitted to us for examination. The instructions 
 were faithfully executed, and six animals sent out in accordance with 
 them. The importation consisted of the bull Symmetry (5382), and 
 cows Caroline, Daisy, Multiflora, Red Rose, and White Rose. The 
 cows are recorded in Vols. 2 and 7, A. H. B. Some of the bulls occur- 
 ring in their pedigrees were not recorded in the English Herd Book 
 at the time of their purchase, but we have carefully examined the 
 original certificates sent to this country with, and relating to them. 
 The lineage of that importation, may be found in Vols. 2 to 10, 
 inclusive, of the American Herd Book. There need be no question 
 of the purity of their descent. The cattle were shipped at Liverpool, 
 Eng., September 5, 1833, bound to Philadelphia, Pa., and safely 
 arrived in Kentucky on the 26th November following, where they 
 were heartily welcomed both by the owner and the Short-horn breed- 
 ers generally. They were there bred successfully. Their produce, 
 in the course of years, became widely disseminated, and are now 
 
MR. WALTER DUN'S IMPORTATIONS. 179 
 
 numerously found in many of the good herds of Kentucky, Ohio, and 
 other States. 
 
 Although later in point of time the efforts of Mr. Dun did not 
 cease with the importation of 1833. Breaking through the chrono- 
 logical order of dates, in order to complete his introduction of Short- 
 horn stock to America, we follow out his transactions. ' 
 
 In the year 1836 Mr. Dun in connection with Mr. Samuel Smith, 
 of Fayette county, Ky. (son of Mr. William Smith, who was con- 
 nected with the Kentucky importations of 181 7, previously men- 
 tioned), sent another order to England for Short-horns. In compliance 
 with the order the bulls George (2059), Comet, 356 (1854), and bull 
 calf. Otley (4632), together with the cows Adelaide, by Magnum 
 Bonum (2243), Beauty of Wharfdale, by Brutus (1752), Jewess, and 
 Mary Ann (dam of Otley), by Middlesbro (1234), arrived in Ken- 
 tucky. These animals were also selected in England by Mr. Douglass, 
 before mentioned. They were placed on the separate farms of the 
 proprietors and successfully bred. 
 
 In the year 1838 Mr. Dun on his own account made another im- 
 portation, consisting of the cows Premium, by Maximus (2284), with 
 her bull calf Otho, 794, and Young Charlotte, by Thorp (2757), with 
 her bull calf Tarik, 1022. These animals did not arrive in Ken- 
 tucky until the fall of the year, after the death of Mr. Dun, which 
 occurred August 4, 1838. 
 
 Mr. Smith, the partner of Mr. Dun, had died a few months before 
 the latter gentleman's death occurred. His entire herd was sold at 
 • public aaction a few months afterwards, and i\\t joint remaining stock 
 of the two were sold with them under the orders of their several 
 executors, September 11, 1838. The list of the partnership animals, 
 their purchasers and prices, were as follows : 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Adelaide, sold to R. T. Dillard and C. R. Ferguson $i,375 
 
 Beauty of Wharfdale, sold to F. S. Read, 755 
 
 Adeline, sold to J. Kinnard and Thomas Wallace I1O30 
 
 Young Adeline, sold to R. P. Kenney 440 
 
 Mary Ann and calf Otley, 10 days old, sold to R. G. Jackson and B. 
 
 P. Gray, 2,100 
 
 Prudence, sold to E. S. Washington, 755 
 
 Jewess (barren), sold to J. Matson and J. Spear, 276 
 
 At the same sale many other thorough-bred Short-horns and grade 
 animals, upwards of thirty in number, belonging to the estate of Mr. 
 
l8o HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Smith, were disposed of, all the animals bringing good prices. Among 
 the former were 
 
 Cow Cleopatra, sold to C. C. Morgan, for $1,230 
 
 Cow Ellen, sold to R. T. Dillard afid C. R. Ferguson, for 1,235 
 
 Bull Oliver Keen, 5 months old, sold to W. S. Hume, for 1,000 
 
 For the imported bull Comet, 356, which had, previous to the sale, 
 become the sole property of Mr. Dun, $3,000 was offered by Mr. 
 Gray, one of the purchasers of Mary Ann. The offer was refused, 
 the herd of Mr. Dun remaining in the possession of his family under 
 charge of his executor, Mr. John G. Dun. 
 
 The young imported bull Otley (4632) had been previously sold 
 for $2,100 to Messrs. Wasson and Shropshire, of Bourbon county, Ky. 
 
 "The Ohio Company for Importing English Cattle." 
 
 Excited somewhat, probably, by the recent Dun importation, in 
 the year 1834 several spirited cattle breeders of the Scioto valley 
 and neighboring counties in Ohio, associated and selected an agent — 
 the late Mr. Felix Renick, of Chillicothe — who, with two assistants, 
 Edwin J. Harness and Josiah Renick, proceeded to England early in 
 that year for the purchase of a herd of Short-horns. It was a pro- 
 pitious time. The prices for good stock of the kind in England were 
 then low. Mr. Renick bought some from Mr. Whitaker, at Otley, 
 Yorkshire, who had previously sent out many cattle to Col. Powel. 
 He had a large herd of his own, his acquaintance with other breeders 
 was extensive, and Mr. Renick had good facilities for making selec- 
 tions from some of the best herds, and at prices within the means at 
 his disposal. During Mr. Renick's stay in England he purchased 
 nineteen Short-horns — ^buUs and heifers. They were from various 
 eminent breeders living in or near the valley of the Tees. All the 
 animals were thorough-bred, and, with one or two exceptions, which 
 could not be then readily obtained, had excellent pedigrees. They 
 were duly shipped and arrived in Philadelphia during the summer, 
 and driven over the mountains into Ohio, where they were kept on 
 Mr. Renick's farm, near Chillicothe, and bred as the joint property 
 of the Association. 
 
 In the succeeding years, 1835 and '36, two further importations, 
 selected from equally good herds as the previous importation of 1834, 
 were made by the same Association. These animals arrived in 
 New York, and were transported to Ohio, via Erie Canal to Buffalo, 
 
OHIO IMPORTING COMPANY'S SALES. l8l 
 
 thence by Lake to Cleveland, and from there to Chillicothe, where 
 they joined the earlier in\portation. The cattle were thus kept until 
 October, 1836, when the entire herd, consisting of the several impor- 
 tations and their produce, were sold at public auction. There were 
 seventy-five bulls and cows comprised in the entire herd, according 
 to the printed catalogue at the time. The number of produce was 
 not large, as many of the females were only young heifers when im- 
 ported, and the limited increase in but two years is thus readily 
 accounted for. 
 
 At the sale a large attendance congregated, chiefly from Ohio, with 
 some from Kentucky, and a few breeders from other States. The 
 bidding was eager and spirited; prices went high, as many of the 
 bidders were stockholders, buying their own goods, yet several out- 
 side parties made purchases at equal prices with the others. 
 
 As this was the most important and numerous sale ever made in 
 America, down to that time, a full account, copied from The Scioto 
 Gazette, October. 26, 1836, is herewith given, with purchasers names 
 and some other items added : 
 
 Bulls. 
 
 Matchem (2283), Abm. Renick, Clark county, Ky $1,200 
 
 Earl of Darlington (1944), Batteal Harrison, Fayette county, Ohio, 710 
 
 Young Waterloo (2817), R. D. Lilly, Highland county, Ohio 1,250 
 
 Duke of York (1941), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, Ohio 1,120 
 
 Greenholme Experiment (2075), J. M. Trimble, Highland county, O. 1,150 
 
 Comet Halley {1855), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, Ohio 1,505 
 
 Goldfinder (2066), Isaac Cunningham, Bourbon county, Ky.,. ..... 1,095 
 
 Whitaker (2836), William M. jA.nderson, Ross county, Ohio 855 
 
 Nimrod (2371), Elias Florence, Pickaway county, Ohio, 1,040 
 
 Duke of Norfolk {1939), Robert Stewart, Ross county, Ohio 1,225 
 
 Duke of Leeds (1938), John Crouse, Jr., Ross county, Ohio, 575 
 
 Windham (2845), Charles Davis Ross county, Ohio 500 
 
 Davy Crocket (3571), Peter L. Ayers, Ohio 49° 
 
 Snowdrop (2654), Stewart & McNiel, Ross county, Ohio, 480 
 
 Independence (2152), Hagler & Peterson, Ross county, Ohio 400 
 
 Perry (not recorded), by Reformer (2505), out of Teeswater, W. H. 
 
 Creighton, Madison county, Ohio,' 400 
 
 Goliah (2068), I. V. Cunningham, Scioto county, Ohio 300 
 
 Logan (2218), Elias Florence, Pickaway county, Ohio 750 
 
 John Bull (2161), William Renick, Jr., Pickaway county, Ohio 615 
 
 Paragon of the West (4649), presented by the company to their 
 
 agent, Felix Renick, Ross county, Ohio. 
 Powhatan, 828>if, with his dam Flora, Geo. Renick, Ross county, O. 
 
 Rantipole, 885 (2478), Arthur Watts, Ross county, phio 810 
 
 Reformer (2505), unsound. J. T. Webb, Ross county, Ohio 48 
 
I82 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Gaudy, by a son of Young Albion (15), J. M. Trimble, Highland 
 
 county, Ohio $810 
 
 Blossom, by Fitz Favorite (1042), R. R. Seymour, Ross county, O. 1,000 
 Flora, by a son of Young Albion (15), and her bull calf Powhatan, 
 
 828?^, George Renick, Ross county, Ohio 1,205 
 
 Lily of the Valley of the Tees, by Young Rockingham (2547), Thos. 
 
 Huston, Pickaway county, Ohio, 950 
 
 Matilda, by Imperial (2151), Arthur Watts, Ross county, Ohio,. . . . 1,000 
 
 Calypso, by Bertram (1716), Strawder McNeill, Ross county, Ohio, 325 
 Young Mary, by Jupiter (2170), and cow calf Pocahontas, E. J. 
 
 Harness, Ross county, Ohio 1,500 
 
 Lady Blanche, by Prince William (1344), not a breeder, Charles 
 
 Davis, Ross county, Ohio 250 
 
 Teeswater, by Belvedere (1706), and her cow calf Coraetess, by 
 
 Comet Halley (1855), John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio,. . . . 2,225 
 Duchess of Liverpool (pedigree not obtained), Wm. M. Anderson, 
 
 Ross county, Ohio 570 
 
 Lady Colling, by Magnum Bonum {2243), not a breeder, J. T.Webb, 
 
 Ross county, Ohio 205 
 
 Beauty of the West (pedigree not given), Asahel Renick, Pickaway 
 
 county, Ohio goo 
 
 Lilac, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Elias Florence, Pickaway county, O. 425 
 Lady of the Lake, by Reformer (2505), R. R. Seymour, Ross Co., O. 
 
 Lady Paley, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Alex. Renick, Ross county, O. 510 
 
 Poppy, by Rantipole, 885 (2478), Harness Renick, Pickaway Co., O. 610 
 
 Pink, by Duke of York (1941), Wm. Trimble, Highland county, O. 575 
 
 Mayflower, by Duke of York (1941), Batteal Harrison, Fayette 405 
 
 county, Ohio, 405 
 
 Lucy, by Duke of York (1941), Geo. Ratclifif, Pickaway county, O. 505 
 
 Moss Rose, by Stapleton (2698), Jonathan Renick, Pickaway Co., O. 1,200 
 
 Calestina, by Atlas (1660), T. Huston, Pickaway county, Ohio, .... 930 
 
 Malina, by Atlas (1660), Isaac Cunningham, Bourbon county, Ky. 1,005 
 
 Illustrious, by Emperor (1974), Abm. Renick, Clark county, Ky.. . 775 
 Lady Abernethy, by Physician (2426), Thomas Huston, Pickaway 
 
 county, Ohio 815 
 
 On the ist April, 1837, a meeting of the company was held ai 
 Chillicothe to close up their affairs and dispose of some remaining 
 animals, which were not taken at the sale, and others not then offered. 
 The following were thus sold on 15th April, 1837 : 
 
 Bulls. 
 
 Acmon (1606), M. L. SuUivant, Columbus, Ohio, $2,500 
 
 Comet Halley (1855), George Renick & Co., Ross county, Ohio,. . . 2,500 
 
 Hazlewood (2098), A. Trimble and R. R. Seymour 700 
 
OHIO IMPORTING COMPANY'S SALES. 183 
 
 Bouncer, 13209, John Walke, Pickaway county, Ohio '. $453 
 
 Powhatan, 828Ji, Harness Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio 500 
 
 Santa Anna (3)^ months old, not recorded), C. Vance, Ohio Co., Va. 425 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Flora, by a son of Young Albion (15), M. L. SuUivant, Columbus, O. 1,300 
 
 Matilda, by Imperial (2151), Allen Trimble, Highland county, Ohio, 1,220 
 Fidelia, by Comet Halley (1855), ^)i months old, Allen Trimble, 
 
 Highland county, Ohio 610 
 
 Elizabeth, by , and calf, J. & W. Vance, Champaign Co., O. 1,450 
 
 Charlotte, by , Joseph G. White, Ross county, Ohio, . 6jo 
 
 Arabella, by Victory (5566), and calf, Arthur Watts, Ross county, O. 1,200 
 
 Blush, by , J. H. James, Urbana, Ohio, 1,015 
 
 Emily, by , Asahel Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio, 875 
 
 Victoress, by Norfolk {2377), M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, Ohio 700 
 
 Thus closed the sales of these memorable importations. The com- 
 pany reaped a large profit on their investment, and conferred a, 
 lasting benefit on the neat stock interests of the country, as well as 
 awakened a spirit through various other States for forming associa- 
 tions of like character and results. 
 
 At a period of thirty-five years, from the time of the Chillicothe 
 sales, the pedigrees of hundreds of the descendants of most of those 
 animals can be found recorded in the American Herd Book, while 
 others, through various causes, so far as public records are con- 
 cerned, have become almost, if not wholly, extinct. 
 
 After the sales of the Ohio Company, importations multiplied 
 apace. Agricultural prices in products had been gradually strength- 
 ening for the few past years, and meats bore good rates in both our 
 home and foreign markets. Money had been unusually abundant for 
 two years past, owing to the rival and conflicting measures of political 
 parties in the general government, and a consequent false estimate of 
 the ability of the people to extend their credits and plunge into all 
 sorts of speculation. The farmers throughout the country felt rich, 
 and among other items of speculative value it is no wonder that the 
 noble race of Short-horn cattle became an attractive object with 
 portions of the agricultural community as well as many men of meanb 
 whose tastes sympathized in their pursuits. Thus importations of 
 them were sought, commissions were sent to England, and several 
 new purchasers went out to select and bring cattle here where prices 
 ruled high and sales were rapidly made, particularly in Kentucky 
 and Ohio. 
 
I84 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 It is difficult at this space of time (now thirty-five years since, with 
 the notices and dates of their arrival only chronicled in the scat- 
 tered agricultural periodicals of the day, and the memories of living 
 men not exact), to enumerate the names of all the animals imported, 
 or the parties owning them from the year 1836 to 1842. It is suffi- 
 cient to say, however, that the importing parties were many, and 
 their animals numerous. The accounts, so far as we have been en- 
 abled to gather them, (but perhaps not in exact chronological order,) 
 will be given. 
 
 About the year 1834 or '35, Mr. Thomas Weddle an Englishman, 
 emigrated with his family from Yorkshire, Eng., into Western New 
 York, and brought with him a dozen or more good Short-horns, all 
 having good pedigrees, and chiefly from the herd of Major Bower, a 
 well-known breeder of Welham, Yorkshire. Among them were the 
 bull Charles (i8i6); Welland 1084X, and one or two others. Among 
 the cows were Crocus, by Romulus (2563); Primrose, by Pioneer 
 (1321); Daisy, by Ebor (3681), and several more. Mr. Weddle bred 
 his herd several years, selling as opportunity presented, at good prices ; 
 yet, not accustomed to the business, he was careless in the records of 
 his herd, and although he had the ability, from the pedigrees of his 
 originals, to perpetuate the genealogy of their increase, the lineage of 
 many of them was irrecoverably lost, or if not entirely so, they could 
 only be traced to the importation in general terms. In the course of 
 a few years, Mr. Weddle going into other pursuits than farming, his 
 herd was sold and dispersed ; some of them going into Kentucky, 
 and others remaining in New York. 
 
 In the year 1835 or '36, possibly a year or two earlier, Mr. Ezra P. 
 Prentice, of Albany, N. Y., began breeding at his villa farm, near the 
 city, a small herd of Short-horns selected chiefly from the stock of 
 Gen. Van Rensselaer, already noticed. In 1838, '39, '40, '41, he im- 
 ported a number of choice Short-horns from various herds in England. 
 Among them were the bulls Fairfax, 61 (3754); O'Connell, 118; and 
 cows Appolonia, by Albion (2965); Aurora, by William (2839); 
 Catherine, by Sir Robert (5181) ; Esterville, by Alfred (2987) ; Flora, 
 by Imperial (2151); Moss Rose, by Harden (1674); Princess, by 
 Henry (4008) ; Splendor, by Symmetry (2723) ; Susan, by Dutchman 
 (3669); and Violanta, by Charles (1815). He bred his stock, both 
 of American birth and imported, with great skill and decided suc- 
 cess, selling many animals into New York, and several other States, 
 until the year 1850, when at a public sale he disposed of his entire 
 herd. Mr. Prentice was greatly attached to his stock, but the city 
 
GEORGE VAIL'S IMPORTATION. 185 
 
 had encroached upon him, rendering the necessary accommodations 
 for his cattle stock impossible, and with reluctance he parted with 
 his herd, then nearly forty in number, and one of the best, at the 
 time, in the country. 
 
 About the same time, 1835 or '36, or soon after Mr. Prentice, 
 Mr. George Vail, of Troy, N. Y., began breeding Short-horns at his 
 villa farm, near that city. He purchased some imported animals, 
 and others, selecting them with care and judgment. In the year 1839 
 he imported direct from Mr. Thomas Batesj of Durham, Eng., the 
 bull Duke of Wellington, 55 (3654), got by Short Tail (2621), 
 out of Oxford Premium Cow, by Duke of Cleveland (1937); the 
 first one of the Duchess and Oxford crosses combined, which had 
 been brought into America. With him came the cow Duchess, by 
 Duke of Northumberland (1940). Although called Duchess,, she was 
 not, on the dam's side, of the Duchess tribe so long identified with 
 Mr. Bates' breeding, but running, after her dam, by Belvedere (1706), 
 into another family. This cow, after producing the bulls Meteor, 104, 
 and Symmetry, 166, (both by Duke of Wellington, 55,) died, leaving 
 no female progeny. 
 
 During several successive years Mr. Vail made importations from 
 Mr. Bates' and Mr. Bell's herds, of crosses with the Duchess and 
 Oxford bulls, and various families of their well-bred cows, down 
 to the year 185 1. Among them were the bull Earl Derby, 456 ; and 
 the cows, Cecelia, by 3d Duke of Northumberland (3647) ; Hilpa, 
 by Cleveland Lad (3407); Lady Barrington 3d, by Cleveland Lad 
 (3407) ; Arabella, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649); Yarm 
 Lass, by 4th Duke of York (10167) ; Yorkshire Countess, by 3d Duke 
 of York (10166); Agate, by 3d Duke of York (10166); Boukie, by 
 4th Duke of York (10167); Bright Eyes 3d, by Earl of Derby (10177) ; 
 Frantic, by 4th Duke of York (10167). 
 
 To the above named were added some from other importations. 
 Mr. Vail was enthusiastic in the love he bore to his cattle ; he bred 
 successfully, making many and frequent sales until the month of 
 October, 1852, when he disposed of his entire herd. 
 
 About the year 1836, Mr. Erastus Corning, of Albany, imported the 
 cow Wildair, by Anthony (1640). She bred successfully, and her 
 descendants are now found in the American Herd Book. There 
 may have been another or two heifers, and possibly a bull in the 
 importation, but of them we have no particular account. 
 
 Sometime between the years 1835-40, Messrs. James Gowen, 
 Dennis Kelley, and perhaps another or two associates in the neigh- 
 
l86 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 borhood of Philadelphia, Pa., either jointly or severally imported 
 from England, or purchased from Mr. Whitaker's importation in some 
 of those years, some Short-horn bulls and cows, which were said to 
 be of good quality and full pedigrees. Several progeny descended 
 from these animals, and a few stray ones, through the hands of other 
 parties whose stock run into them, have been hunted up, and their 
 pedigrees recorded in the American Herd Book. But from the 
 neglect or indifference of their proper owners, many of their pedi- 
 grees, together with- the cattle themselves, have been lost, and only 
 occasional traces can now be found of them. 
 
 A striking instance of the self-sufficiency of some men, in their 
 own pretensions in one of these cases, as well as in some others of 
 past days in the matter of pedigrees may be given. When a certain 
 party was asked if he put the pedigrees of his cattle in the Herd 
 Book, he scornfully answered : " No ! if my word is not good enough 
 evidence of their pure breeding, no Herd Book record can make it 
 any better." We fancy that most cattle breeders would rather have 
 a clean Herd Book record than the bare assertion, from the imperfect 
 memory of any man. Through such lofty assumptions many other- 
 wise valuable pedigrees of good Short-horns in this country have 
 been lost. *■ 
 
 In the year 1836 Messrs. Edward A. Le Roy and Thomas H. New- 
 bould, at Avon, Livingston county, N. Y., imported from England the 
 bull Windle, 185 (5667), and the cows Dione, by Monarch (4494); 
 Lady Morris, by Priam (4758) ; Netherby, by Gambier (2047) ; and 
 Venus, by Magnum Bonum (2244) — a choice selection. The stock 
 was carefully bred for eight or ten years, occasional sales during the 
 time being made from them. Soon afterwards these gentlemen mak- 
 ing sale of their farms the stock was likewise sold, and the herds 
 scattered. 
 
 About the same time as the above, the late Mr. Peter A. Remson, 
 of Alexander, Genesee county, N. Y., imported the bull Alexander, 4, 
 and the cows Adelaide, by Cupid (1894) ; Lavinia, by a son of Scipio 
 (1421); and Prettyface, by Henwood (2 114). Mr. Remson bred 
 them for some years, and sold several of them and their produce 
 while at Alexander. On selling his farm in 184-, he soon afterwards 
 removed the few remaining ones to another farm, which he occupied 
 in Maryland, where, within two or three years, they were finally sold, 
 and further traces of them lost, except as some of the pedigrees of 
 their descendants have since appeared in the American Herd Book. 
 
whitaker's and other importations. 187 
 
 In August, 1837, Mr. Jonas Whitaker, of Yorkshire, Eng., before 
 named, imported a herd of 15 bulls and 19 cows and heifers into 
 Philadelphia, Pa., and placed them on the farm of Col. Powel, at 
 Powelton, near the city. They were a good herd, and in high condi- 
 tion, with good pedigrees, as we saw them a few days previous to the 
 sale. They had been widely advertised, and at the day of sale drew 
 a numerous attendance of Short-horn breeders from the surrounding 
 States, and some from the more distant States of Ohio and Kentucky. 
 The prices for the bulls averaged $353, and for the cows $480, 
 amounting in the aggregate to $14,215. Several of the cattle went 
 to Kentucky, some to Ohio, and others to Pennsylvania, and the 
 States adjoining. 
 
 Mr. Whitaker repeated his importations to some extent in 1838-9, 
 but the average prices falling off in the latter year he made no further 
 importations. The late Mr. William NefF, of Cincinnati, Ohio, pur- 
 chased several animals at Mr. Whitaker's sales, and successfully bred 
 them. Many American recorded pedigrees trace to his herd. 
 
 At the last sale, in 1839, eight cows sold for $3,672, being an aver- 
 age of $459 each. The bull Sir Robert (we have not his pedigree 
 number, if recorded) sold for $700. Several other animals were sold 
 at the same time, but we have not seen any report of their prices. 
 
 In 1837 to 1839, Messrs. James Shelby and Henry Clay, Jr., of 
 Kentucky, made importations of several fine cattle, some of which 
 they kept and bred for a time, and others were sold soon after their 
 arrival in Kentucky. In 1837 they imported ten cows and one bull, 
 Don John, 426. At a' sale of Mr. Clay, Jr., in Lexington, in the 
 autumn of 1839, the following females were sold at a public auction 
 with prices attached : 
 
 Victoria, 2 years old, $835 
 
 Victoria, 3 " " ., 745 
 
 Venus, 5 " " 210 
 
 Fanny, i " " 520 
 
 Duchess, 4 mos. " 340 
 
 Jane, 9 " " 300 
 
 Daphne, 5 " " (sick,) 230 
 
 Beauty, 2 years " (doubtful breeder,) 176 
 
 Average, $419^ each. 
 
 About the year 1837 or '38, the late Mr. Henry Whitney, of Mor- 
 ristown, N. J., imported two Short-horns. We have no account of 
 the individual animals or their names, but from the records of their 
 produce in Vol. i, A. H. B., we infer that one of them was the bull 
 
l88 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Birmingham (3152), and the other was the cow Ringlet, by Belshaz- 
 zar (1704). Whether any other cattle were imported by Mr. Whitney 
 we have no information. 
 
 About the same time as the above, the late Mr. William Gibbons, 
 of Madison, N. J., imported the bull Majestic (2249), and the cow 
 Volage (bred by Mr. Whitaker), by Charles^ (878). The cow bred 
 the bull Zero 190 (by Majestic). Of her and her breeding we have 
 no further account, as Mr. Gibbons took little fancy to cattle of any 
 kind, his taste running to blooded horses, of which he bred several 
 of high repute in the turf annals of his time. 
 
 Dr. Samuel D. Martin, Pine Grove, Clark county, Ky., in addition 
 to a herd of Short-horns which he had some years before established, 
 in the year 1839, in conjunction with Messrs. Hubbard and J. P. 
 Taylor, sent an order to England and imported four cows and a 
 heifer calf, viz. : Beauty, by Laurel (2 181), bred by Mr. Parker; 
 Jessy, by Plenipo (4724), bred by A. L. Maynard; Leonida, by Red 
 Simon (2499), bred by Mr. Peacock ; Sprightly, by Fitz Roslyn (2026), 
 bred by Mr. Paley; and the calf Rosalie, by Cadet (1770), bred by 
 Mr. Paley. Three of the cows were in calf before leaving England. 
 Sprightly produced twin bulls : Specie (5289), and Speculation (5263), 
 by Mendoza (4456) ; Beauty produced Bullion (3240), by Lofty 
 (2217) ; and Jessy produced the heifer Jessamine, by Leonidas (4211). 
 These cows all proved good animals, and excellent milkers. Many 
 of the produce are recorded in the American Herd Book. 
 
 It is probable that about those years some other importations of a 
 few Short-horns were made by gentlemen livi^jg in our Eastern cities, ' 
 which were placed on their country places in their several vicinities, 
 but as they were simply amateurs, caring little or nothing for pedi- 
 grees, and the novelty of their possession soon abating, the cattle 
 themselves, and their produce, pedigrees, and history, were ultimately 
 absorbed, or lost in the common stock of the country. 
 
 In the year 1837 or '38, Mr. John F. Sheaffe established a choice herd 
 at his farm and country residence at New Hamburgh, Dutchess 
 county, N. Y., on the Hudson. They were chiefly descendants from 
 the New England importations. To them in 1843 he added several 
 cows which he imported, among which was Seraphina, by Wharfdale 
 (1578). The other names are not now recollected. 
 
 In 1848 Mr. Sheaffe imported the bull Duke of Exeter, 449 (10152), 
 then a calf, bred by Mr. John Stephenson, Wolviston, Eng., a valuable 
 animal, chiefly of the Princess tribe of blood. This bull made a 
 marked impression by way of improvement on his produce. He was 
 
sheaffe's and other importations. 189 
 
 mainly yellow-red in color, and a remarkably fine handler. At two 
 and a half years old, at the final sale of Mr. Sheaffe's herd, he became 
 the property of the writer, and for two years longer bred with signal 
 success. He died at six years old of inflammation in the kidneys. 
 
 Mr. Sheaffe bred his herd successfully until 1850, when, going on a 
 prolonged absence to Europe, the stock were sold, and distributed into 
 several hands, who have since placed the pedigrees of their descend- 
 ants in many pages of the American Herd Book. 
 
 In 1838 the late Dr. John A. Poole, of New Brunswick, N. J., 
 imported the cows Fanny, by Charley (1817); Maria, by Henwood 
 (2114), and possibly others. Dr. Poole's house was burned in 1842, 
 and his Short-horn papers were destroyed. 
 
 In 1843, and partially contemporary with Mr. Sheaffe, Mr. James 
 Lenox, of New York, owning a fine country residence and farm 
 adjoining Mr. Sheaffe, imported several good Short-horns. Among 
 them were the bulls King Charles 2d, 84 (4154); Prince Albert, 133 
 (4809) ; and cows Daffodil, by Sampson (5081) ; Gayly, by Sir Thomas 
 Fairfax (5196); and Red Lady, by Hubback (2142); all from the 
 herd of Jonas Whitaker, of Yorkshire. He bred them for several 
 years. Although managing his stock by proxy, they were skillfully 
 and successfully bred, but selling the estate and removing altogether 
 to the city, his herd was dispersed into different hands, who still keep 
 their pedigrees in the Herd Books. 
 
 In the spring of 1839, Rev. R. T. Dillard and Mr. Nelson Dudley, 
 of Kentucky, went to England and selected for the Fayette, Kentucky, 
 Importing Company, a superior lot of Short-horns. After their ar- 
 rival home they were placed on the farm of David Sutton, ne^r 
 Lexington, and in July, 1840, were sold at auction, as follows: 
 
 Bulls. 
 
 Carcase, 312 (3285), calved in 1837, sold to B. Gratz $725 
 
 jEplus, 200 (2938), calved in 1836, sold to R. Fisher 610 
 
 Eclipse (9069), calved in 1837, sold to R. Fisher 1,050 
 
 Crofton (3523), calved in 1839, sold to J. Downing, 155 
 
 Prince Albert, 2065, (calf of Victoria,) 2 mos. old, sold to J. Flournoy, 350 
 
 Washington (not recorded), calf, 85 
 
 Nelson, 741, sold to P. Todhunter 610 
 
 Orlando, 3225, (calf of Lady Eliza,) sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon Co., 305 
 
 Trojan, 11080, (calf of Lily,) sold to Wheeland & Co 150 
 
 Bruce, 289, (calf of Avarilda,) sold to M. Williams, 315 
 
 Milton, 713, (calf of Miss Maynard,) sold to James Gaines 285 
 
 Average, $422 each. •♦ $4,640 
 
igo HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Victoria (dam of Prince Albert), sold to R. Fisher $i,750 
 
 Miss Hopper, sold to Thomas Calmes 270 
 
 Elizabeth, sold to A. McClure 505 
 
 Maria (calf of Elizabeth), sold to J. B. Ford 310 
 
 Miss Luck, sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon county 800 
 
 Fashion, sold to G. W. Williams, 44° 
 
 Zela (calf of Fashion), sold to G. W. Williams 445 
 
 Splendor, sold to B. Gratz, 650 
 
 Tulip, sold to A. McClure 700 
 
 Britannia, and heifer calf Dido, sold to H. T. Duncan, 375 
 
 Isabella, sold to R. Fisher, 355 
 
 Lady Eliza, sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bourbon coimty 660 
 
 Lily, sold to T. Calmes, 39° 
 
 Nancy, sold to C. J. Rogers 73° 
 
 Avarilda, sold to John Allen, > 920 
 
 Beauty, sold to H. Clay, Fayette county 700 
 
 Flora (calf of Beauty), sold to H. Clay, Fayette county 410 
 
 Miss Maynard, sold to A. McClure, 1,005 
 
 Jessica, sold to Joel Higgins, 33° 
 
 Rosabella, sold to William A. Warner 465 
 
 Average, $610 each. $12,210 
 
 Of these animals Mercer county took 5 ; Scott county 5 ; Fayettfe 
 county 8; Jessamine county 4; Clark county 2; Bourbon county 5. 
 Where the remaining 2 went the account does not state. 
 
 Under the depression of the money market of the country at the 
 time, although at lower prices than paid at some previous sales of the 
 kind, the result may be considered a good one. 
 
 In the Franklin (Ky.) Farmer of June, 1839, it is stated that Lewis 
 Shirley, of Louisville, Ky., imported from England, and brought there 
 the bulls General Chasse, calved in 1834; Liverpool, calved in 1838; 
 and another, called Young Matchem, all having good pedigrees. Only 
 a few pedigrees in A. H. B. trace their lineage to these bulls. 
 It is also stated in the same paper, that Mr. Shirley in the autumn of 
 1839, sold the bull Velocipede (imported in 1836) to Kendall & Co., 
 Elkton, Ky., for $1,500; and the bull Liverpool to a company in 
 Nelson county, Ky., for $1,000. 
 
 In February, 1840, Messrs. Wait & Bagg brought to New York 
 from England, seven Short-homs, bulls and cows. One of the cowS, 
 Empress, by Cyrus {3538), was sold to Mr. George Vail, Troy, N, Y., 
 and in the succeeding year they took others of the importation to 
 
DECLENSION OF SHORT-HORN PRICES. I9I 
 
 Kentucky. Pedigrees of their descendants are- frequently recorded 
 in the pages of the American Herd Book. 
 
 With the year 1840, under the continued depression of the finan- 
 cial interests of the country at large, the spirit so active during several 
 previous years in cultivating the Short-horns gradually waned, and 
 further importations ceased. For several succeeding years the prices 
 of meats were unprecedehtedly low. Mess pork fell to $10, and 
 even less, per barrel, in our principal markets, and the dressed car- 
 casses of swine were dull of sale at $2.50 to $3.00 per hundred 
 pounds, while beef of good quality was worth even less, and a drug 
 throughout. As a consequence, there was little or no encouragement 
 for breeding Short-horns. Under this depressed condition of affairs 
 hundreds of well-bred bull calves were castrated for steers, and many 
 cow calves spayed and reared for the shambles. Prices for even the 
 best blooded animals were merely nominal ; public sales were scarcely 
 made at all as in past years, and private sales infrequent. Nor was 
 the depression for a few years only, but continuous down to nearly or 
 quite the year 1850. One hundred to two hundred dollars per head 
 would buy the choice of almost any herd, bull or cow, in the country. 
 As a specimen of the times, the writer received a commission frorn 
 the firm of A. B. Allen & Co., Agricultural Merchants in New York 
 city, in October, 1850, to select fifteen or twenty good breeding Short- 
 horns, bulls and heifers, to fill an order for the Island of Cuba, where 
 an experiment was to be tried with them on the high ranges of coun- 
 try near its eastern coast. We went into the Scioto valley of Ohio, 
 and from the herds of some of its best breeders purchased several 
 beautiful (in calf) heifers, of two to three years old past, red, red and 
 white, and roan in color — as all white was objected to — for $50 to $100 
 each, and several bulls at like prices. Some of them were descend- 
 ants of the Kentucky importation of 18 17, with several crosses of 
 the Ohio Company bulls and their descendants of the 1834 impor- 
 tation in their pedigrees, and others, pure descendants from the latter. 
 Every animal was of our own selection. We paid the full price 
 asked for them, and could have quadrupled the number, or even 
 more, at the same prices. In Kentucky, New York and New Eng- 
 land, Short-horn values were no better, and many breeders who had 
 begun rearing them but a few years before became disgusted with 
 their stock, turned their choice bred cows into the dairies, put them 
 to common bulls, and sold off their calves remorselessly to the butcher. 
 During this depressing period numerous good pedigrees were lost, as 
 not being worth preserving, and many valuable families of this lordly 
 
192 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 race became almost, if not wholly, extinct. A newly imported ani- 
 mal, although Short-horns were then suffering under depressed prices 
 in Ekigland, would hardly pay the expenses of transportation across 
 the ocean from any sale which could be made of it here. 
 
 Still, the low prices of meats in the markets were not all the diffi- 
 culty. The taste of our stock breeders had at the time been but 
 scantily cultivated. Shrewd, discriminating men knew the value of 
 Short-horns, and tiie immense improvement they were capable of 
 giving to the common herds of the country ; but when the great mass 
 of farmers were either too dull or too ignorant to buy, there was little 
 or no encouragement to breed them. Thus the choice herds so highly 
 prized but a few years before lay dormant. It was but a repetition 
 of the result of many valuable enterprises in the agricultural world — 
 a spasm, an excitement incident to the trial of a new thing, followed 
 by an indifference, a mistaken and culpable neglect on the part of 
 the many ; but still kept alive by the hopeful foresight of the few 
 who held persistently on to their herds, anticipating a brighter day 
 when their anxious efforts would be amply rewarded, as the sequel 
 will show. 
 
THEIR REVIVAL IN AMERICA. 193 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Revival of the Short-horns in America. 
 
 The year 1852 dawned upon a more cheerful prospect in agricul- 
 tural pursuits than that of the last ten or twelve years preceding it. 
 Meats had gradually increased in price, as a foreign demand to a con- 
 siderable extent had opened for our surplus provisions ; our farmers 
 had measurably recovered from their depressed condition, and a 
 spirit of improvement in their neat stock now gradually revived 
 among the cattle growers of the country, particularly in the States of 
 New York, Ohio and Kentucky. Those Short-horn breeders who 
 had tenaciously held on to and cherished the blood of their favorite 
 herds — and taken in the aggregate, there were quite a number of 
 them — gathered their choice things together with renewed care, and 
 with cheerful hope of better times in the future, set themselves about 
 their improvement both by accelerated increase and painstaking in 
 their breeding. Had not the Short-horn race, by their inherent qual- 
 ities of excellence, borne up against the neglect under which many 
 of them for years past had suffered, some of them in their depressed 
 appearance and careless breeding would scarcely be recognized as 
 high-bred cattle at all, although the aristocratic blood of many genera- 
 tions still coursed through their veins and remained intact as ever. 
 Vet by the still hopeful interest, and care of their breeders under 
 the exercise of a discriminating judgment, the neglected herds rap- 
 idly resumed their wonted comeliness of form and robustness of 
 condition, and showed their. excellence as of old. 
 
 About the year 1852 a demand for them gradually sprung up, and 
 on a deliberate survey of the situation a new impulse was directed to 
 further importations from abroad. Anticipating a movement of this 
 kind, in the year 1849 Mr. Ambrose Stevens, of Batavia, N. Y., went to 
 England and purchased the valuable bull 3d Duke of Cambridge, 1034 
 (5941), by Duke of Northumberland (1940), then eight years old, of 
 his breeder, Mr. Thomas Bates, of Kirkleavington. This bull was 
 of the Duchess, Princess, and Waterloo tribes combined. After his 
 13 
 
194 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 arrival in America he became the joint property of Col. J. M. Sher- 
 wood, of Auburn, N. Y., and Mr. Stevens, and was kept several years, 
 until he died on Col. Sherwood's farm. He did much valuable ser- 
 vice as a sire. 
 
 At the same time with 3d Duke of Cambridge came the bull 
 calf Duke of Exeter, 449 (10152), bred by Mr. John Stephenson, for 
 Mr. J. F. Sheaffe, New Hamburgh, Dutchess county, N. Y., previ- 
 ously mentioned. 
 
 With the above-named bulls were brought out from the herd of 
 Mr. Stephenson the yearling heifers Princess 2d, by General Sale 
 (8099) ; Princess 3d, by Napier (6238) ; and Red Rose 2d, by Napier 
 (6238). The latter was sold to Col. Sherwood, and soon afterwards 
 Red Rose 2d gave birth to Red Rose 4th, by Earl of Chatham 
 (10176). Red Rose 2d was a remarkable milker (a small cow, from 
 her , early breeding, and thin in flesh from heavy milking), having 
 made 49 pounds of butter in 25 successive days in May and June, 
 185 1, when 4 years old, with her second calf. To the above may 
 be added Red Rose 3d, by General Sale. This heifer died without 
 produce. 
 
 With these also came out the bull Lord Vane Tempest, 669M 
 (10469), sold to Col. Sherwood. 
 
 In the year 1850 were imported the bull Earl of Seaham, 1499 
 (ioi8i), the joint property of Mr. Stevens and Col. Sherwood, after- 
 wards purchased by Rev. John A. Gano, of Bourbon county, Ky., in 
 whose possession he died, leaving some valuable descendants. 
 
 With Earl of Seaham came also the bull Wolviston, 1109, after- 
 wards sold by Mr. Stevens to Mr. Ashton, of Canada West. 
 
 With the above bulls were imported the cow Princess 4th, by 
 Napier (6238); Waterloo 5th (bred by Thomas Bates), by Duke 
 of Northumberland (1940); Wild Eyes 5 th (bred by Mr. Bates), by 
 Short Tail (2621). The two last-named cows died after their arrival 
 in America, without issue. 
 
 In 1851 Mr. Stevens imported the bull calf Earl Vane, 464, by Earl 
 of Chatham (10176), and the cow Princess 1st (5 years old), by Napier • 
 (6238); and in 1852 came out the cow Lady Sale 2d, by Earl of 
 Chatham (10176). Sold to Col. Sherwood. 
 
 In the same year Col. Sherwood imported the cow Tuberose 2d, 
 by Earl of Antrim (10174). 
 
 All the above animals of the Stevens-Sherwood importation (ex- 
 cepting the three bred by Mr. Bates) were bred by Mr. Stephenson, 
 Wolviston, Eng., and of his Princess tribe. 
 
SUCCESSIVE IMPORTATIONS. I9S 
 
 In some year, shortly previous to 1848, a Mr. Oliver, of Westchester 
 county, N. Y., imported the bull Marius, 684, bred by Earl Spencer, 
 England. He was exhibited at the New York State Agricultural 
 Show, in Buffalo, 1848, by Colonel L. G. Morris, and there sold to 
 Mr. David Harrold, of South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio, into 
 which State he went and did good service for some years. Our 
 impression is that one or two heifers were brought out with the bull, 
 but of the fact we have no particular account. 
 
 About the year 1851 or '52, Mr. Lorillard Spencer, of New York, im- 
 ported the young bull Augustus, 225 (1125), bred by G. D. Trotter, 
 Middlesex, Eng. ; Duke of Atholl, 44 (10150), bred by Thos. Bates; 
 and Woldsman, 1108 (11056), bred by Mr. Topham, Spilsby, Eng., 
 and the heifers Faraway, by 3d Duke of Oxford (9047) ; Jean, by 
 Chevalier (10050); Sonsie 8th, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408), and 
 possibly one or two others. These he bred for a few years with some 
 others acquired at home, when he finally disposed of his herd, and 
 gave up further Short-horn breeding. 
 
 In the month of May, 1850, the sale of the late Mr. Bates' herd 
 was held in England, by his executors, as related in a previous chapter, 
 at which Messrs. Morris 'and Becar, of New York, were present, and 
 bought three Oxford cows and heifers, viz. : Oxford sth, by Duke of 
 Northumberland (1940); Oxford loth, by 3d Duke of York (10166); 
 Oxford 13th, by 3d Duke of York (10166). Of these, Oxford sth 
 and loth, were taken by Col. Morris, and Oxford 13th by Mr. Becar. 
 Col. Morris also bought of another party the bull Balco, 227 (9918), 
 bred by Mr. Bates. 
 
 These gentlemen also purchased of the Marquis of Exeter the bull 
 Romeo (13619) on joint account. 
 
 Col. Morris further purchased of various others the bulls Marquis 
 of Carrabas (11789); The Lord of Eryholme (12205), and Billy Pitt 
 (9967) ; also the cows Beauty of Brawith, by Emperor (6973) ; Bloom, 
 by Sir Leonard (10827); and Romelia, by Flageolet (9130). 
 
 Mr. Becar also bought of other parties the cows Actresp, by Hark- 
 away (9184); Apricot, by 3d Diike of York (10 166); Garland, by 
 Pestalozzi (10603); Lady Barrington 12th, by 4* Duke of York 
 (10167) ; and Lady Booth, by Chilton (10054). These animals were 
 all shipped to America, where they were established on the farms of 
 their respective owners, and most, if not all the females bred success- 
 fully, producing a numerous progeny. 
 
 At the great Tortworth Court sale of the herd of the late Earl 
 Ducie, in the year 1853, noticed in a preceding chapter, Messrs. 
 
igS HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Morris and Becar bought the bull Duke of Gloster, 2763 (11382), 
 and the cow Duchess 66th, by 4th Duke of York (10167), which 
 they brought home and bred with their previously established herd, 
 until the death of Mr. Becar, which most unfortunately occurred in 
 the year 1854, in the full maturity of his vigor and usefulness. Mr. 
 Becar was a native of France, and emigrating when a young man to 
 the city of New York, he established himself as a merchant, which 
 occupation he for many years successfully pursued. He married an 
 American wife, whose family held large possessions of land oh Long 
 Island, and were among its most intelligent farmers. In possession 
 of one of those attractive farms Mr. Becar cultivated alike its acres 
 and his Short-horns with assiduity and success, during the few years 
 which he devoted to the pursuit. Soon after his death, his late 
 partner. Col. Morris, purchased his interest in the herd, and a few 
 months afterwards (selling out meantime many valuable young bulls 
 to various breeders in different States) he transferred them in one 
 entire sale to Mr. Samuel Thome, at Thorndale, Dutchess county, N. Y. 
 
 Anticipating a year or two of time, we follow the herd of Messrs. 
 Morris and Becar into the hands of Mr. Thome, and merging them 
 in his own recently well-selected herd, we rnust pass to an account of 
 that gentleman's Short-horn importations and breeding. 
 
 In the year 1850 Mr. Jonathan Thome, of the city of New York, 
 having on his extensive farm, at Thorndale, a couple of Short-hom 
 cows recently bought of Mr. Vail, at Troy, sent out to his son, Edwin 
 Thome, then in England, to purchase and send him a Short-horn 
 bull. The order was filled by the importation of St. Lawrence, 1005 
 (12037), bred by Capt. Pelham, of the Isle of Wight. The young 
 bull, calved only in the previous November, arrived in America early 
 in the spring of 185 1, and was taken to Mr. Thome's farm, where he 
 remained until of breeding age. He was afterwards sold to the late 
 Dr. Elisha Warfield, near Lexington, Ky., where he did good service 
 in his herd for some years. 
 
 In the summer of 1852, Mr. Thome received, on an order which 
 he sent to Mr. Robert Bell, of England, two heifers. Forget-me-not 
 2d, by 4th Duke of York (10167), and Countess, by 3d Duke of 
 Oxford (9047); also from J. S. Tanqueray the young cow Ellen 
 Gwynne, by Sir Harry (10819). This last named cow (pregnant 
 before shipped), after her arrival in America, produced the bull calf 
 Young Balco, 1124, got by Balco (9918), and soon afterwards died 
 from a quantity of nails found in her stomach, after death 
 
MR. THORNE'S IMPORTATIONS. I97 
 
 In the spring of 1853, Mr. Samuel Thome (son of Jonathan)— 
 having assumed charge of the farm and Short-horn stock — in Com- 
 pany with the late . Mr. F. M. Rotch, residing in Morris, Otsego 
 county, N. Y., sailed for England in quest of some Short-horns, " as 
 good as could be found, without regard to the prices to be paid for 
 them." In the ensuing October Mr. Thome brought out the bull 
 Grand 'Duke, 545 (10284), bought of Mr. Bolden, and two cows. 
 Duchess S9th and 68th, bought at Lord Ducie's sale, previously no- 
 ticed; also the cows Peri, by Grand Duke (10284), bought of Mr. 
 Bolden; Frederika, by Upstart (9760), and Lalla Rookh, by The 
 Squire (12 2 17), bred by Mr. Townley; Aurora, by 3d Duke of York 
 (ioi66); Mystery, by Usurer (9763); and Darling, by Grand Duke 
 (10284). The vessel on which the cattle were shipped for America 
 had a tempestuous passage. Duchess 68th was killed outright by the 
 falling of a mast, and Peri had one hip knocked down, two ribs 
 broken, and lost one horn. This accident, however, did not prevent 
 her from breeding successfully after her arrival in America. The 
 bull Harry Lorequer, bred by Mr. Fawkes, also purchased by Mr. 
 Thome, and embarked on the same ship, was lost by stress of 
 weather. 
 
 The cow Duchess 64th, v/hich was purchased by Mr. Thome at 
 the same (Lord Ducie's sale, with the before-named Duchesses, was 
 left in England until the succeeding year, having meantime dropped 
 her calf, 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), which, by previous arrange- 
 ment, was the property of Mr. Bolden. She soon after came to 
 America. Her calf, 2d Grand Duke, became the property of Mr. 
 Thorne, afterwards, in the year 1855, soon after the accident, which 
 rendered his previous Grand Duke (10284) useless, at the price of 
 1000 guineas, the same which Mr. Thorne pa,id for the latter at the- 
 time of the Ducie sale. 
 
 All efforts to restore the usefulness of Grand Duke having failed, 
 he was slaughtered in the year 1857, and made .upwards of 1400' 
 pounds, net weight, although in only moderate condition. 
 
 The ten animals (exclusive of 2d Grand Duke) of Mr. Thome's 
 first purchase in 1853, comprising Grand Duke and the three Duch- 
 esses, cost 3,600 guineas — upwards of $18,000 — probably the most 
 costly purchase ever made by an American down to that time, though 
 several purchases of cows have since been made at higher prices. 
 
 Mr. Thome's next importation was made in the year 1854, con- 
 sisting of nine cows and heifers, viz. : Lady Millicent, by Laud- 
 able (9282); Sylphide, by Pestalozzi (10603); Cypress, by Lord of 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Brawith (10465) ; Agnes, by Lord of Brawith (10465) ; Cherry, by Lord 
 of Brawith (10465); Constantia, by Lord of Brawith (10465); Diana 
 Gwynne, by Duke of Lancaster (10929); Lady of Atholl, by Duke 
 of Atholl (10150) ; and Dinah Gwynne, by Balco, 227 (9918). These 
 all came out in good condition and proved successful breeders, with 
 the exception of Sylphide, which produced nothing after leaving 
 England. 
 
 In November, 1855, as before mentioned, Mr. Thome brought out 
 the young bull 2d Grand Duke, also the bull Neptune, 1917 (11847), 
 bred by Mr. John Booth. The bull Duke of Dorset, bred by Lord 
 Feversham, was also bought by Mr. Thome, but not shipped until the 
 summer of 1856. He unfortunately died on the voyage to America. 
 
 In the summer of 1856 Mr. Thome purchased at the sale of Sir 
 Charles Knightly, in England, the cows Blouzelind, by Earl of 
 Dublin (10178); Elgitha, by Balco (9918); and Mrs. Flathers, by 
 Earl of Dublin (10178); also heifers Buttercup 2d, by Horatio 
 (10335), 3.nd Miss Buttercup, by Master Butterfly (13311), both bred 
 by and purchased of Col. Townley, at the price of 1,000 guineas — 
 over $5,000 for the five ; also the cows Dewdrop, by Financier 
 (9122); Darlington 6th, by 4th Duke of Oxford (11387); and Maria 
 Louisa, by Hopewell (10332), bred by and purchased of other parties. 
 These animals all arrived safely at Mr. Thome's farm, bred success- 
 fully, and left many descendants. 
 
 In 1857, Mr. Edwin Thome, then in England, purchased and sent 
 out to his brother Samuel, the bull Grand Turk, 2935 (12969), bred 
 by Mr. Bolden, Lancashire. 
 
 In the spring of the same year Mr. Thome purchased, as previ- 
 ously mentioned, of Col. Morris, Mt. Fordham, N. Y., the combined 
 herds of Messrs. Morris and Becar — who had imported largely from 
 England" — numbering 53 animals, including the Duchesses 66th, 
 71st, and Duchess ( ) (afterwards recorded in E. H. B. as Duch- 
 ess of Fordham); the ccrws Oxfords 5th, 6th, 13th, 17th and 20th; 
 Maid of Oxford, Bride of Oxford, Romeo's Oxford, Gloster's Oxford, 
 and Beauty of Oxford, together with bulls imported Duke of Gloster, 
 2763 (11382); Fordham Duke of Oxford, 2863, and Baron of Ox- 
 ford, 2525. 
 
 In the year 1854, 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), having become 
 useless, was slaughtered at Mr. Thome's farm, being then eleven 
 years old. 
 
 Having some years previous sold some of his Duchess and Oxfords, 
 bulls and females, to Mr. James O. Sheldon, of Geneva, N. Y., which 
 the latter had successfully bred, in the year 1867 Mr. Thome made 
 
R. A. ALEXANDER'S IMPORTATIONS. I99 
 
 a final sale of his entire herd, about forty in number, to Mr. James 
 O. Sheldon, Geneva, N. Y., at the gross sum of $42,300. 
 
 About the years 1850 to 1853, inclusive, (for we have been unable 
 to obtain the exact dates of his importations,) the late Mr. R. A. 
 Alexander, of Woodford county, Ky., who had for some years, then 
 past, been a breeder of Short-horns, obtained from different herds in 
 that State, began an extensive importation of Short-horns from Eng- 
 land onto his farm, and extending through several successive years 
 His imported animals were selected from several different prominent 
 breeders. Of these importations, on referring to his catalogue of 
 the year 1856, we find there were eleven bulls, and a much larger 
 number of cows. He was aided in his selections by Mr. Strafford, 
 editor of the English Herd Book, and with the ample means at his 
 command, a choice assortment from some noted tribes was obtained. 
 Among them we find, from the somewhat incomplete catalogues which 
 we have been able to obtain, the following : 
 
 Bulls. — Lord John (11728); zd Duke of Atholl (11376); Grand 
 Master (12968); Baron Martin (12444); Fantachini (12862); Mickey 
 Free,- 8626 (A. H. B.); Doctor Buckingham (14405); Duke of Air- 
 drie, 9798 (12730); El Hakim, 2814 (A. H. B.). To these he added 
 some other bulls by purchases from late imported herds into 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Cows. — Sweet Mary, by Rufus (6428) ; Peeress, by Lord Marmion 
 (8244); Nightingale, by Prince Alfred (8422); Victoria, by Diamond 
 (5918); Filbert, by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408); Jubilee, by Lycurgus 
 (7180); Lady Laura, by Laudable (9282); Maid Marion, by Robin 
 Hood (9555); Vellum, by Abraham Parker (9856); Forget-me-not, 
 by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408); Princess 4th, by Revolution (10713); 
 Tizzy, by Robin Hood (9555) ; Beatrice, by Attraction (9912) ; Alice 
 Wiley, by Rumor (7456) ; Lady Barrington 13th, by 4th Duke of 
 York (10167); Duchess of Atholl, by 2d Duke of Oxford (9046); 
 Graceful, by Earl of Dublin ^10178); Pearlette, by Benedict (7828), 
 Rose, by Puritan (9523); Buttercup, by Puritan (9523); Victoria 
 20th, by Broken Horn (12500); Joyful, by Lycurgus (7180); Emma, 
 by Fair Eclipse (11456); Bonny Lass, by Earl of Dublin (10178); 
 Jubilee 2d, by Marquis of Rockingham (10506); Filligree, by Abra- 
 ham Parker (9856); Lady Gulnare, by Senator (8548); Prune, by 
 Lord Lieutenant (11734); Ferella, by Grand Duke (10284); Grisi, 
 by Grand Duke (10284); Kathleen Bawn, by Holcombe (10384); 
 Bessy Howard, by Fitzwalter (10232) ; Miss Wiley 2d, by Prince 
 Royal (8428); Jessy 3d, by Duke of Albany (10149); Miss Townley 
 
200 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 by Brunei (9999); Coquette, by Monk (11824); Doria Picola, by 
 Duke of Albany (10149); Mary Cattley, by Puritan (9523); Alberta, 
 by Holcomb (10324); Christine Cattley, by De Grey (11346); Lydia 
 Languish, by Duke of Gloster (11382) ; Sally-in-our-Alley, by Bride- 
 groom (11203); Rosabella, by Bridegroom (11203); Sunrise, by Abra- 
 ham Parker (9856); Canny, by Will Watch (12307) ; Lady Valentine, 
 by Harbinger (10297); Frances Fairfax, by Crusade (7938); Zara, 
 by Bridegroom (11 203); Constance, by Bridegroom (11 203); Scotia, 
 by Lancaster Comet (11663); Minna, by Bridegroom (11 203); Pru- 
 nella, by Duke of Bolton (12738). 
 
 To these numerous selections were added several more pur- 
 chases from other herds imported into Kentucky, whith, with his 
 native bred Short-horns he had for some years previous been cultiva- 
 ting, comprised the largest Short-horn herd then in the United States. 
 Neither money nor pains were spared in the selection of his stock, 
 or in their subsequent propagation. Many sales were made from it, 
 both in Kentucky and other States, and its reputation was among the 
 best in the country. 
 
 Mr. Alexander died^ unmarried, in the year 1867, in the prime of 
 his life and usefulness. His large Woodburn estate of some 3,000 
 acres, together with his cattle, sheep, swine, and valuable stud of 
 blood and trotting horses, fell into the possession of his brother, Mr. 
 A. J. Alexander, who still maintains, if not in numbers, yet in their 
 integrity of blood and quality, the descendants of the valuable stock 
 which the earlier proprietor had so carefully collected. 
 
 In the jear 1852 a number of gentlemen in the Scioto valley, in 
 Ohio, formed an association, sent out one or more agents and made 
 an importation of near 20 Short-horns, bulls and cows. Most of 
 them, 16 in number, were sold at the farm of the late Dr. Arthur 
 Watts, near Chillicothe, at public auction, under the attendance of a 
 numerous company, as follows : 
 
 Bulls. « 
 
 Nobleman, 1932, sold to John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio $2,510 
 
 Master Bellville (11 795), sold to Abram Maypool, George Renick, 
 Harness Renick, and Alexander Renick, Ross and Pickaway 
 
 counties, Ohio, 2,005 
 
 Lord Nelson, 664, sold to John L. Myers, Fayette county, Ohio,. . . 1,825 
 
 Alderman, 204, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, Ohio ?. . . 1,150 
 
 Gam-boy (11 503), sold to M. L. Sullivant, Columbus, Ohio 1,400 
 
 Count Fashion, 381, sold to N. Perrill, Clinton county, Ohio, 2,075 
 
 Young Whittington, 1165, sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, Ohio, 450 
 
 Rising Sun, 5130, sold to G. M. Herodh, Scioto county, Ohio, 1,300 
 
 Isaac, 589, sold to G. M. Gregg, Pickaway county, Ohio, 600 
 
NORTHERN KENTUCKY IMPORTATIONS. 201 
 
 Cows. 
 Moss Rose, by Stapleton (2698), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O. $1,200 
 
 Strawberry,* by , sold to Geo. W. Renick, Ross county, Ohio, 1,000 
 
 Raspberry,* by , sold to Geo. W. Gregg, Pickaway county, O.' 1,110 
 
 Sunrise,* by , sold to John J. Vanmeter, Pike county, Ohio,. . . 1,230 
 
 Mary, by Lord of the Manor (10466), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark 
 
 county, Ohio 1,650 
 
 Enchantress, by Leopold, son of D'Israeli {7967), sold to Harness 
 
 and Alexander Renick, Pickaway county, Ohio 900 
 
 Blue Bonnet, by Earl of Antrim (10174), sold to Felix W. Renick, 
 
 Pickaway county, Ohio 1,225 
 
 Average, $1,352 each. $21,630 
 
 The above prices may be considered extraordinarily high for the 
 time; but as the competition was among the stockholders of the 
 importation chiefly, if not altogether, their dividend of profit much 
 reduced, to themselves, the prices which they paid for them. 
 
 In 1853, The Northern Kentucky Association commissioned Messrs. 
 Charles T. Garrard, Nelson Dudley, and Solomon Vanmeter, who 
 went to England and selected 9 bulls and 15 cows, from among the 
 best English herds, and brought them to Kentucky in July of that 
 year. They were sold at public auction soon after their arrival. 
 The list consisted of the following : 
 
 Bulls. 
 Young Chilton, 1131 (11278), sold to Dr. Breckinridge and B. and 
 
 W. Warfield, Fayette county, Ky $3,005 
 
 Diamond, 416 (11357), sold to Brutus J. Clay & Co., Bourbon Co., 6,001 
 
 The Count (12191), sold to Strawder Goff, Clark county, 2,575 
 
 Orontes 2d, 1966 (11877), sold to R. A. Alexander, Woodford Co., 4,525 
 
 Fusileer, 1584, sold to R. W. Scott, Franklin county, 1,425 
 
 Senator 2d, 958 (13687), sold to John and Albert Allen, Fayette Co. 2,000 
 Bellville 3d, 1246, sold to Sutton and Coleman, Fayette county,. . . 1,500 
 Challenger, 324, sold to Isaac Vanmeter, T. L. Cunningham, Solo- 
 mon Vanmeter, and Wm. R. Duncan, Clark county 4,850 
 
 Fortunatus, 1564, sold to Messrs. Vanmeter, Fayette county, 1,800 
 
 Yorkshire Maynard, 2401 (14043); sold to Robt. S. Taylor, Clark Co. 1,000 
 
 Cows. 
 Lady Stanhope, by Earl Stanhope (5966), sold to Brutus J. Clay, 
 
 Bourbon county, Ky., $1,500 
 
 Lady Fairy, by Laudable (9262), sold to Dr. Breckenridge and 38. 
 
 and W. Warfield, Fayette county, l,luo 
 
 Roan Duchess, by Whittinglon (12229), sold to William H. Brand 
 
 and John Allen, Fayette county, goo 
 
 •These cows not having been recorded, unless they have since occurred as dams in other 
 pedigrees, in A. H. B., we are unable to name their sires, their names not being inserted in the 
 catalogue of their sale. — L. F. A. 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Goodness, by Orontes (4623), sold to Albert Allen, Fayette county, $2,023 
 
 Gem, by Broker (9993), sold to T. L. Cunningham, Bourbon Co., 
 
 and S. Vanmeter, Clark county 825 
 
 Equity, by Lord George (10439), sold to R. A. Alexander, Wood- 
 ford county 1,000 
 
 Necklace, by Duke of AthoU (10150), sold to H. Clay, Jr., Bour- 
 bon county, 805 
 
 Bracelet, Twin Sister to Necklace, sold to M. M. Clay, Bourbon 
 county, 750 
 
 Mazurka, by Harbinger (10297), sold to R. A. Alexander, Wood- 
 ford county, 750 
 
 Lady Caroline, by Newtonian, 745, sold to B. J. Clay, Bourbon Co. 1,825 
 
 Duchess of Sutherland, by Captain Edwards (8929), sold to Wm. 
 
 H. Brand and John Allen, Fayette county, 800 
 
 Maid of Melrose, by Lord Marquis (10459), sold to Sam. Humph- 
 reys, Woodford county, 2,000 
 
 Muffin, by Usurer (9763), sold to D. H. Coulter and W. A. Smith, 
 Scott county 535 
 
 Orphan Nell, by Ruby (10760), sold to John Hill and John A. Gano, 
 
 Bourbon county, 1,000 
 
 Flattery, by 4th Duke of York (10167), sold to Wm. R. Duncan, 
 Clark county 815 
 
 Near the close of the year 1853 an association in Scott county, 
 Ky., made an importation consisting of 4 bulls and 7 cows. They 
 were sold at auction, as follows : 
 
 Bulls. 
 Pathfinder, 805, sold to W. B. Webb and R. D. Ford, Scott Co., Ky„ $860 
 Baron Feversham, by Diamond, 416, sold to Estell, Madison 
 
 county, 1.525 
 
 Captain Lawson, 310, sold to A. D. Offutt and W. D. Crockett, 
 
 Scott county, 4°° 
 
 Cunningham, 1415 (12671), sold to S. J. Salyers, Fayette county,. . . 865 
 
 Cows. 
 Yorkshire Rose, by General Fairfax (11519), sold to P. L. Cable, 
 
 Scott county 425 
 
 Venus, by Fair Eclipse (11456), sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county,. . 710 
 Carnation, by Budget, by Bumper (10005), sold to Charles W. 
 
 Innes, Fayette county, 610 
 
 Enterprise, by Fair Eclipse (11450), sold to Jas. C. Lemon, Scott Co. 710 
 Rosamond, by Sir Charles Napier (10816), sold to Silas Corbin, 
 
 Bourbon county, 575 
 
 Cameo, by Arrow (9906), sold to W. Boswell, Bourbon county, . . . 450 
 Casket, by Arrow (9906), sold to W. D. Offutt, Scott county 405 
 
 In the year 1853, an association of breeders was formed in Madi- 
 son county, Ohio, and an agent sent to England who brought out 15 
 bulls and 9 cows. The selections were of good quality, and they were 
 
MADISON COUNTY, OHIO, IMPORTATIONS. 203 
 
 sold at London, Ohio, at public auction, 27th September the same 
 year, a few weeks after their arrival. We were present at the sale ; 
 the stock were in fine condition ; a large, audience were in attend- 
 ance, and the bidding spirited. The following is a report : 
 
 Bulls. 
 Thornberry, 1035 (12222), sold to F. W. and H. Renick, Pickaway 
 
 county, Ohio $875 
 
 Sheffielder, gSlX, sold to J. W. Robinson, Madison county, 1,800 
 
 Mario, 683>!f, sold to Robert Reed, Madison county, Ohio,' 1,550 
 
 Marquis, 687 (11787), sold to James Fullington, Union cdunty,. . . . 3,000 
 
 Starlight, 1003 (12146), sold to Charles Phellis, Madison >county, . . . 3,000 
 
 Beauclerc (not recorded), sold to D. M. Creighton, Madison Co.,. . 750 
 
 Symmetry, loig, sold to J. G., W. A. and R. G. Dun, Madison Co., 1,150 
 
 Farmer Boy, 2842, sold to Joseph Reybum, Madison county, 925 
 
 Prince Albert, 3284, sold to J. Fj Chenoweth, Madison county,. . . . 300 
 
 Colonel, 350, sold to J. G., W. A. and R. G. Dun, Madison county, 1,350 
 
 Sportsman (not recorded), sold to James Foster, Madison county,. . . 700 
 
 Prince Edward, 864, sold to M. B. Wright, Fayette county, 475 
 
 Rocket, 92lX, sold to David Watson, Union county, 425 
 
 Splendor, 997.!^, sold to F. A. Yocum, Madison county, 500 
 
 Duke of Liverpool (not recorded), sold to George G. McDonald, 
 
 Madison county, 555 
 
 Average, $1,157 each. $17,355 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Victoria,* sold to J. Q. Winchell, Madison county $600 
 
 Picotee,* sold to Jesse Watson, Madison county, 1,275 
 
 Stapleton Lass,* sold to Jesse Watson, Madison county i,35o 
 
 Princess, by Belted Will (6780), and calf, sold to William Watson, 
 
 Clark county 690 
 
 Miss Hilton, by Headland, sold to David Watson, Union county, 875 
 
 Alexandrina, by Magistrate (10487), sold to D. Watson, Union Co., 560 
 Blossom, by Teeswater Lad, a son of Lord Barmpton (11 708), 
 
 sold to David Watson, Union county, 650 
 
 Yorkshire Dairy Cow,* sold to Joseph Negley, Clark county 425 
 
 Monsoon,* sold to Joseph Reybum, Madison county 295 
 
 Average, $747 each. $6,720 
 
 In the year 1853, Dr. A. C. Stevenson, of Green Castle, Indiana, 
 imported from England two bulls ; Prince of Wales, 876, and Fancy 
 Boy, 492 ; and four cows: Strawberry 5th, by Deliverance (11347), 
 Bloom and Violet, by Master Bellville (11795); and Miss Welbourn 
 (Vol. 2, p. 485, A. H. B.), by St. John. These animals and many of 
 their descendants are recorded in the several volumes of the Ameri- 
 can Herd Book. 
 
 * The pedigrees of these cows did not come out with them. — L. F. A. 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 About the year 1853 or '54, the late Thomas Richardson, an Irish 
 merchant in New York city, imported several good Short-horns, with 
 various other stock, among which were the bull Duke of Cambridge, 
 1469 (12746), and cows Bijou, by Crown Prince (10087); Fanella, by 
 Baron -Warlaby (7813); Fanny Warlaby, by Baron Warlaby (7813); 
 Harmony,' by Crown Prince (10087); Laura, by Hector (13002); 
 Rachel, by Hopewell (10332), and perhaps some others, which he 
 kept on his farm at Westchester. Several of them were recorded in' 
 . the American Herd Book. Mr. Richardson was a spirited and liberal 
 breeder. His herd was sold a short time previous to his death, which 
 occurred a few years after making his importation. 
 
 In the year 1854, the Society of Shakers, Pleasant Hill, Ky., im 
 ported the bull Duke of Cambridge, 447. They had previously, in 
 1840, in connection with the great statesman, Henry Clay, bought for 
 $1,000, the bull Orozimbo, 786, imported by Mr. Shepherd, of Vir- 
 ginia, in the year 1834. This bull the Shakers bred in their extensive 
 herd. In 1840 they also bought 8 cows, imported by Mr. Gambel, 
 at New Orleans, La. Among them were Daisy, by Bamaby (1678), 
 and Splendor, by Symmetry (2723). The names of the six other 
 cows are not given. 
 
 In 1854, Messrs. Wilson and Searight, imported from Ireland into 
 Ohio, the bull Lord Eglinton, 1795 ; Deceiver, 401 (11340), and pos- 
 sibly another or two bulls, together with some cows, among which 
 were White Rose, by Sir Robert Peel (9658) ; Laura, by Lord Clar- 
 endon (10434); Lady Gage, by Deceiver (11340), and some others. 
 
 In the year 1854, the Society of Shakers, at Union Village, Warren 
 county, Ohio, imported, chiefly from the herd of James Douglass, of 
 Scotland, 12 Short-horns — 6 bulls (including Duke of Cambridge, 
 447, before mentioned, belonging to the Shakers at Pleasant Hill) 
 and 6 cows. Their names are as follows : 
 
 Bulls. — Duke of Southwick, 450 ; Crusader, 387 ; Morning Star, 
 725; Hearts of Oak, 1646; Econornist, 2809. 
 
 Cows. — Blanche, by Twin (10981) ; Violante, by Trumpeter (10978) ; 
 Margaret, by Fitz Adolphus Fairfax (9124); Farewell, by Prince 
 Charlie, 862; Beatrice; Lady Blanche, by Matadore (11800). 
 
 The same Society also imported in 1855 : 
 
 Bull. — Captain Balco, 1316 (12546). 
 
 Cows.— Scottish Belle Center, by Kossuth (11646); Bellview, by 
 Capt. Balco (12546); Florentia, by Trory (13901). 
 
 Also in 1856 : 
 
 Bulls.— King of Trumps, 1739; Hawthorn Hero, 1644)^. 
 
CLINTON COUNTY, OHIO, IMPORTATIONS. 20$ 
 
 Cows.— Hawthorn Blossom, by Hudibras (10339) ; Flora Mclvor, 
 by New Year's Gift (10564); Eva, by Prince Ernest (10644); Pre- 
 serve, by Orphan Boy (11878); Duchess, by Captain Balco, 1316; 
 Heroine, by Capt. Balco, 1316; April Morn, by Capt. Balco, 1316. 
 
 These animals were of excellent quality, and the importations 
 since 1854, as those of that year, were chiefly from the herd of 
 Mr. Douglass. No public sale was made of these cattle — most of 
 them being adopted into the extensive herd of the Shakers, and there 
 bred. 
 
 In the year 1854 an association was formed in Clinton county, Ohio. 
 Their agents, Mr. H. H. Hankins and another, pupceeded to England 
 to make a selection and bring out the cattle. The stock, consisting 
 of 10 bulls and 18 cows and heifers, safely arrived, and were sold 
 by public auction at Wilmington, Clinton county, on the 9th August, 
 as follows : 
 
 BULLS. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 toST. 
 
 Gum. 
 
 Z20 
 
 80 
 40 
 180 
 
 80 
 60 
 125 
 
 PURCHASERS. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 DOLLS 
 
 Warrior, 1076, 
 
 Whittington zd, 2385, 
 The Marquis, 1031, 
 Wellington, 1087, 
 
 Alfred, 205, 
 
 Duke ofCornwallJiy Albert (88x6), 
 
 Billy Harrison, 265, 
 
 Moonraker, 3175 (bought with his 
 dam Sunbeam), 
 
 Lord Raine ad, 665 (calved on pas- 
 sage). 
 
 Young Sir Robert, ii6i (calved on 
 passage). 
 
 B. Hinkson, H. H. Han- 
 kins and others, 
 
 Solomon Brock, 
 
 William Bentley, 
 
 J. G. Coulter H. H. Han- 
 kins and others, 
 
 D. S. King, ' 
 
 David Qumn, ' . 
 
 Jesse Starbuck, 
 
 Thomas Connor, 
 Daniel Earley, 
 Thomas McMillan, 
 
 Clinton county, O. 
 layette county, 0. 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 Clinton county, O. 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 Fayette county, 0. 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 $IZOO 
 
 900 
 
 625 
 
 3700 
 900 
 700 
 
 1500 
 
 400 
 195 
 250 
 
 
 
 COWS. 
 
 
 
 NAME. 
 
 GUIN. 
 
 PURCHASERS. 
 
 RESIDENCE. 
 
 DOLLS 
 
 Duchess, by Norfolk (9442), 
 
 15s 
 
 M.B.Wright and William 
 
 
 
 
 
 Palmer, 
 Thomas Kirk, 
 
 Fayette county, 0. 
 
 $1675 
 
 Emma, by Promoter (io6s8), 
 Hope, by Duke of York (6947), 
 Miss Shaftoe, bV Captain Shaftoe 
 
 100 
 
 F:iyette county, O. 
 
 750 
 
 50 
 
 William Palmer, 
 
 Payette county, 0, 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 
 (6833), 
 Familiar, by Fitz Leonard (7010), 
 
 100 
 
 Jesse Starbuck, 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 Ross county, O. 
 
 650 
 
 60 
 
 Jesse Pancake, 
 
 500 
 
 Sunbeam, by Twilight (9738J, anc 
 
 
 
 
 
 calf Moortraker, 
 
 80 
 
 J.G.Coulter (without calf), 
 H. H. Hankins and G.C. 
 
 Clinton county, O. 
 
 450 
 
 Young Emma, by Sailor (9592), 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 Palmer. 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 450 
 
 Miss WaJton 2d, by Chilton (10054), 
 
 25 
 
 John Hadley, 
 Hadley and Hawkins, 
 
 Clinton county, O. 
 
 32s 
 
 Princess; by Lord Newton ( ), 
 
 40 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 1060 
 
 Moonbeam, by Oxygen (9464), 
 
 40 
 
 Henry Kirk, 
 David Watson, 
 
 Fayeite county, 0. 
 
 500 
 
 Lady Jane, by Whittington (12299), 
 Lady Whittington, by Whittington 
 
 so 
 
 Madi-on county, 0. 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 
 
 (12299), 
 Strawbeii/ by Wiseman (12317), 
 Louisa, by Crusader (10088), bought 
 
 50 
 
 William Reed, 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 300 
 
 50 
 
 James Fullington, 
 
 Union county, 0. 
 
 675 
 
 
 
 
 
 with dam. Miss Shaftoe, 
 
 
 James R. Mills, 
 
 Clinton county, 0. 
 
 300 
 
 Jessamine, by Y. Chilton (11278), 
 Victoria (pecfigree not obtained), 
 Queen (calf of Victoria), by The 
 
 25 
 
 J. O'B. Renick, 
 
 Franklin county, 0. 
 
 475 
 
 35 
 
 D. Persinger, 
 
 Fayette county, 0. 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marquis, 1031, 
 
 
 H. S. Pavy, 
 
 Fayett-" cbunty, 0. 
 
 42s 
 
206 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS 
 
 In the same year — 1854 — an association was formed in Clark 
 county, Ohio, and an importation made under the agency of the 
 late Dr. Arthur Watts, of Chillicothe, and Mr. Alexander Waddle, of 
 South Charleston, who proceeded to England and bought 9 bulls and 
 20 cows and heifers. A public sale was made of the stock on the 
 6th day of September of that year, which we transcribe from their 
 catalogue : 
 
 Bulls. 
 Buckingham 2d, 297, sold to Win. D. Pierce, Clark county, Ohio, $1,000 
 The Duke, 1029, sold to W. C. Davis, Montgomery county, O.,. . . 625 
 New Year's Day, 746, sold to C. M. Clark & Co., Clark county, O., . 3.500 
 
 Czar, 395, sold to A. J. Paige, Clark county, 1,900 
 
 Medalist, 697, sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, 2,100 
 
 Lord Stanwick, 668, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, O., 500 
 
 Rodolph, 923, sold to W. C. Davis, Montgomery county, O., 200 
 
 Lord of the Isles, 3090, sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark county, O., . . 575 
 Shylock, 965, sold to John Hadley, Clinton county, O., 300 
 
 Cows. 
 Aylesby Lady, by Baron Warlaby (7813), sold to A. J. Paige, Clark 
 
 county, O., 1,425 
 
 Roman 13th, by Will llontycomb (5666), sold to Jacob Pierce, 
 
 Clark county, 1,300 
 
 Zealous, by St. Albans (7462), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O., 1,000 
 Dahlia, by Upstart (796O), sold to A. J. Paige, Clark county, O.,. . 1,100 
 
 Nectar, by North Star (9447), sold to James Davis 600 
 
 Lavender, by St. Albans (7462), sold to Arthur Watts, Chillicothe, O., 500 
 Lancaster 17th, by Prince Royal (7371), sold to William D. Pierce, 
 
 Clark county, 900 
 
 Roan Lady, by St. Albans (7462), sold to William D. Pierce, Clark 
 
 county, 1,000 
 
 Lancaster 19th, by St. Albans (7462), sold to L. B. Sprague, Clark 
 
 county. O., .... 1 
 
 Venus, by Lord Byron (I1710), sold to Wm. D. Pierce, Clark Co., O., 1,075 
 Zenobia, by Crusade (7938), sold to Alex. Waddle, Clark Co., O.,. . 625 
 
 Nell 2d, by Monarch ( ), sold to A. Toland 
 
 Butterfly 13th, by Monarch ( ), sold to H. Stickney 290 
 
 Blushing Beauty, by Crown Prince (10087), sold to Alex. Waddle, 
 
 Clark county, 425 
 
 Rose of Panton, by Leonidas (10414), sold to A. Toland 375 
 
 i Zephyr, by Beaufort (9943), sold to L. B. Sprague, Clark Co., O., 400 
 Easter Day, by Lord Marquis (10459), sold to C. M. Clark, Clark 
 
 county, O 1,125 
 
 Blush 17th, by Baron Warlaby (7813), sold to G. Green, Blooming- 
 ton, 111., 470 
 
 Rosy, by Royal Buck (10750), sold to G. Green, Bloomington, III. 400 
 ailk by Hopewell, sold to Charles Phellis, Madison county, O , , , 205 
 
LIVINGSTON CO., N. Y., IMPORTATIONS. 20J 
 
 Much valuable stock has since sprung from these animals. 
 In 1854 the Kentucky Importing Company imported from England 
 and placed on the farm of Mr. Charles W. Innes, near Lexington, 
 and in October of that year sold the following Short-horns : 
 
 Bulls. 
 
 Emigrant, 472, sold to Silas Corbin, Bourbon county, Ky $ 205 
 
 Sirius, 4371 (13737), sold to R. A. Alexander, Woodford county, Ky., 3,500 
 Macgregor, 675, sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county, and C. W. Innes, 
 
 Fayette county, Ky., 600 
 
 Earl De Grey, 2801, sold to W. C. Goodloe, 250 
 
 Oakum, 763, sold to Bagg, Finley and Rosele, Scott county, Ky., . . 
 
 Capt. Stouffer, 311, sold to J. McMeekin, Scott county, Ky 167 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Irene, by Sheldon (8557), sold to J. Hill, Bourbon county, Ky 520 
 
 Amazon, by Newmarket (10563), sold to H. Clay, Bourbon Co., Ky., 225 
 Bessy Howard, by Fitz Walter (10232), sold to R. A. Alexander, 
 
 Woodford county, Ky 650 
 
 Lizzy, by Marquis of Carrabas (11789), sold to R. A. Alexander, 
 
 Woodford county, Ky 600 
 
 Pine Apple, by Lord Morpeth (13205), sold to W. F. Jones 510 
 
 Ruby, by Gen. Fairfax (11519), sold to R. A. Gano, Bourbon Co., 215 
 
 Commerce, by Concord (11302), sold to J. McMeekin, Scott Co., Ky., 415 
 
 Peeress, by Treasurer (13899), sold to Gaines, 275 
 
 Winny, by Crusade (7938), sold to Albert Allen, Fayette Co., Ky., 300 
 
 Maiy, by Sweet William (9701), sold to W. Simms 240 
 
 Welcome, by Beaufort (9943), sold to J. McMeekin, Scott Co., Ky., 505 
 
 Shepherdess, by Bridegroom (11203), sold to R. Innes, Fayette Co., 505 
 
 Matilda, by Villiers (13959), sold to S. Corbin, Bourbon Co., Ky., ^ 205 
 
 Downhorn, by Liberator (7140), sold to J. McClelland, 405 
 
 In the same year, a number of wealthy farmers and cattle breeders 
 of the Genesee valley, N. Y., known as "The Livingston County 
 Stock Association," through their agents, Messrs. David Brooks and 
 S. L. Fuller, purchased in England 24 well-selected Short-horns. 
 They were shipped for America, but during a stormy passage 12 of 
 them were lost, and only one-half the original number arrived at 
 their destination. Among the surviving animals were the bulls Blet- 
 soe, 2548, purchased by Sackett, Barber & Co., and Usurper, 3522, 
 owned by the late Judge Carroll, of Groveland. Also the cows 
 Australia, by Lord Foppington (10437) ; Hopeless, by Horatio (10335 ) ; 
 Lady Ellington, by Broughton Hero (681 1); and Music, by Balco 
 (9918). These four cows became the property of the late General 
 James S. Wadsworth, of Geneseo. Also Phoenix 2d, by Horatio 
 (10335), which was owned by J. H. Bennett, of Avon. 
 
208 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Shortly after this importation came out to the same parties the bull 
 Governor, 2922, owned by Messrs. Brooks, Bennett .& Co., and two 
 cows, the names of which are not now recollected. Like some other 
 importers, these parties were negligent in keeping records of the 
 names of their animals, or pedigrees. We have been unable to 
 obtain further particulars of these importations. Many of their pro- 
 duce are recorded in the American Herd Book. ■ 
 
 In the year 1856, an importation of Short-horns was made by the 
 " Mason and Bracken Counties Importing Company" into Kentucky, 
 of 4 bulls and 12 cows. They were kept and bred by the importers, 
 and sold near GermantoWn, Ky., on the ist October, 1859; the herd 
 then consisted of the original importations and their increase, 12 bulls 
 and 17 cows and heifers. The imported ones were : 
 
 Bulls. — ^Vatican (12260) (bred by Earl Ducie), by Usurer (9763), 
 Blandimar (bred by Sir Charles Knightly), by Earl of Dublin (10178) ; 
 Emperor Napoleon (bred by Mr. Fawkes), by Bridegroom (11203); 
 and Grisset (bred by Mr. Christy), by Duke of Beauford (11377). 
 
 Cows. — Julia, by Young Grant ; Duenna, by Duke of Cambridge 
 (12742); Light of the Harem, by Nabob (11834); Granny Ligh't, by 
 Bridegroom (11203); Alice, by Harbinger (10297); Diana, by Bren- 
 nus (8902); Lady Laura, by Grand Duke (12973); High Bank, by 
 Horatio (10335); Hasty, by Horatio (10335); Violet, by Duke of 
 Beauford (11377); Jennie Deans, by Duke of Beauford (11377); 
 Lady Bariscourt, by Jasper (11069). 
 
 Several of these animals were selected from choice herds in Eng- 
 land and Ireland, and they were, no doubt, valuable cattle. The 
 catalogue from which the above list is taken gives no names of the 
 purchasers, nor prices at which the cattle or their produce were sold. 
 We have made inquiries at the proper quarter for particulars, but 
 have not been able to obtain them. Few of their descendants have 
 found their way into the Herd Books, and we infer that the calamitous 
 financial times during which the sale was made, swallowed many of 
 them in the common ruin, or run tliem into the shambles of the 
 butcher. 
 
 In the year 1857, a number of substantial farmers and stock breed- 
 ers in the central part of Illinois came together and formed " The 
 Illinois Importing Association." The late Capt. James N. Brown, 
 who, in 1833, had removed from Kentucky into Sangamon county, 
 111., brought with him the first established herd of Short-horns known 
 in the State of his adoption. He had bred them assiduously and 
 successfully but recognizing the advantage of an infusion of more 
 
ILLINOIS IMPORTING ASSOCIATION. 209 
 
 popular blood, he induced several others to join him in the enterprise 
 of obtaining it. Himself, together with Messrs. H. C. Johns and 
 Henry Jacoby went abroad as agents, and purchased 10 bulls and 21 
 cows and heifers, well selected from standard herds in England, Ire- 
 land and Scotland. Of these, three bulls and one heifer died on their 
 passage. The remainder, twenty-seven in number, safely arrived in 
 Illinois. They were sold by auction at Springfield, August 27, 1857, 
 as follows : 
 
 Bulls. 
 Defender, 2704 (12687), sold to A. G. Carle, Champaign Co., 111.,. . $2,500 
 King Alfred, 3053, sold to Brown, Jacoby & Co., Sangamon Co.,. . 1,300 
 
 Admiral, 2473, sold to S. Dunlap & Co., Sangamon county, 2,500 
 
 Master Lownds, st^oH, sold to J. H. Spears, Menard county 725 
 
 Argus, 2502, sold to George Barnet, Will county, 2,058 
 
 Doubloon, 3833)*', sold to Wash. lies, Sangamon county 1,075 
 
 Goldfinder, 2920^^, sold to J. C. Bone, Sangamon county 725 
 
 Cows. 
 
 Bella, by California (10017), sold to J. Ogle, St. Clair county, $750 
 
 Caroline, by Arrow (9906), sold to J. M. Hill, Morgan county, 500 
 
 Stella, by Snowstorm (12 119), sold to Mr. Bohnman, St. Clair Co., 925 
 Lady Harriet, by Procurator (10657), sold to J. H. Jacoby, Sanga- 
 mon county, 1,300 
 
 Cassandra 2d, by Master Charlie (13312), sold to H. Ormsby, San- 
 gamon county, 675 
 
 Western Lady, by Grand Turk, 2935 (12969), 'sold to J. N. Brown, 
 
 Sangamon county, I.325 
 
 Empress Eugenie, by Bridegroom (11203), sold to J. Ogle, St. Clair 
 
 county, 675 
 
 Pomegranate, by Master Charlie (13312), sold to T. Simpkins, Pike 
 
 county, 975 
 
 Lily, by Snowstorm (12119), sold to George Barnet, Will Co., 550 
 
 Constance, by Snowstorm (12119), sold to George Barnett, Will Co., 700 
 Empress, by Tortworth Duke (13892), sold to Henry Jacoby, San- 
 gamon county 1,725 
 
 Rachel 2d, by Duke of Bolton (12738), sold to J. N. Brown, San- 
 gamon county, : 3,025 
 
 Minx, by Lord Spencer (13251), sold to J. G. Loose, Sangamon Co., 800 
 
 Adelaide, by Matadore (11800), sold to R. Morrison, Morgan Co., 825 
 
 Emerald, by Hopewell (10332), sold to J. C. Bone, Sangamon Co., 2,125 
 
 Perfection, by The Baron (13833), sold to E. B. Holt, Scott Co.,. . 900 
 
 Coquette, by Economist (11425), sold to George Barnet, Will Co., 550 
 Fama, by 2d Grand Duke, 2181 (12961), sold to J. H. Spears & Co., 
 
 Menard county 1,050 
 
 Coronation, by Cheltenham (12588), sold to J. A. Pickrell, Madison 
 
 county, 500 
 
 Violet, by Young Scotland (13681), sold to J. H. Judy, Menard Co., 700 
 
 I 
 
2IO HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 From these animals, in most instances, have since Ijeen bred a 
 numerous progeny. 
 
 The result of this sale, confined (as may be supposed from the 
 extent of the prices obtained) chiefly to those who had contributed 
 to the funds of the association, testified that the Short-horn spirit 
 was yet buoyant, and in the course of successful continuance. 
 
 Just after the close of this transaction came down upon the country 
 the great commercial revulsion of 1857, long memorable in the finan- 
 cial annals of our history. This crisis was severe upon the agricul- 
 tural interests, as well as the commercial and manufacturing industries 
 of the country, and the values of Short-horn cattle, in common with 
 other commodities, suffered. For a time their sales were dull, and 
 prices, as in 1842, and years afterwards, with some few and noted 
 exceptions, became almost nominal. 
 
 In 1861 followed our unfortunate civil war, revolutionizing not 
 only the political and financial policy of many States in our hitherto 
 united country, but temporarily depressing values of all industrial 
 products. As the war grew wilder and more desperate, although all 
 commodities of necessary consumption rose rapidly under an infla- 
 ted currency, and the restricted labor of the farms consequent on 
 the call of soldiers to the field, an interregnum in the product and 
 sales of Short-horns was widely and disastrously felt among their 
 breeders. In the Northern^ States they were undisturbed by invading 
 armies ; but prudent and considerate men, usually ready for success- 
 ful enterprises, as purchasers, with the exception of a few spirited 
 breeders of the more fashionable strains of blood, let the Short-horns, 
 as well as other improved breeding animals, severely alone. The 
 Kentuckians, in whose hitherto favored State the Short-horns, early 
 established, had long flourished in their fullness of pride and excel- 
 lence, as it became ravaged by conflicting troops on either side, 
 hid their cattle away from their spoilers, or drove them into adjoining 
 Northern States, where they could remain secure from danger. All 
 was uncertainty, so far as related to the values of their cherished' 
 herds; and thus for four years of civil war, matters remained in 
 doubtful anticipation. 
 
 Yet the consumption and disorganization of the war had created 
 a fearful void in meat-producing animals throughout the country. 
 North and South alike, and on the return of peace and a more settled 
 order of things, the Short-horn breeders deliberately cast about and 
 ascertained that their hitherto cherished herds had suffered but little 
 diminution of numbers beyond what their productive increase had 
 
SHORT-nORN IMPORTATIONS. 211 
 
 made good, and that previous values had now returned with a new 
 demand and widely extended market for their animals. So stood the 
 Short-horn animals of our country at the close of the year 1865. 
 
 After the civil war was ended a few importations were again made 
 by some of our enterprising breeders. Mr. James O. Sheldon, of 
 Geneva, N. Y., previously mentioned, in the year 1859, imported the 
 bull Grand Duke of Oxford, 3988 (16184), and the cow Miss Butter- 
 fly, by Master Butterfly 2d (14918), both of which he bred in his herd. 
 He had previously become possessed of several animals from the fine 
 herd of Mr. Thome, and to them had added extensive purchases 
 from the herd of Mr. Alexander, of Kentucky, and soon afterwards 
 of the entire herd of Mr. Thorne. In the year 1868 or '69, he im- 
 ported eight heifers, selected from some of the best herds in England. 
 The pedigrees are recorded in the later volumes of the American 
 Herd Book, and several of them afterwards passed, at the final sale 
 of his herd, into the hands of Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, New 
 York Mills, Oneida county, N. Y. 
 
 Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, who had a few years previous be- 
 come possessed of many good animals, and in 1870 purchased the 
 large herd of Mr. Sheldon, some 70 or 80 in number, about the same 
 time, or previously, made several valuable importations — bulls and 
 cows — from Mr. Thomas C. Booth, and other noted English breeders. 
 They were purchased without regard to prices, so that their qual- 
 ities were of a high order. One of the cows, Bride of the Vale, was 
 bred by and purchased of Mr. T. C. Booth, at the price of 1,000 
 guineas, but on the express condition that she was to be taken to 
 America, as Mr. Booth would not part with z. female of her tribe to 
 be retained in England. Their importations of several choice selec- 
 tions were continued until into the year 187 1, and are recorded 
 in Vols. 10 and 11, American Herd Book. 
 
 In 187 1, Mr. Lewis Hampton, and some associates, of Clark county, 
 Ky., went to England and selected several valuable cows and heifers 
 from different breeders there, and brought them out as fresh crosses to 
 their already valuable herds. They were sold at auction a few weeks 
 after their arrival in Kentucky, mostly among the associates, and their 
 pedigrees are recorded in Vol. 11, American Herd Book. 
 
 In the same year Mr. Edwin G. Bedford, of Bourbon county, Ky., 
 also sent out and purchased (through Mr. John Thornton, of Lon- 
 don) several valuable cows and heifers on his own individual account, 
 which he adopted into his long established home-bred herd. Their 
 pedigrees may be found in Vol. 11, American Herd Book. 
 
212 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 During the same year, Capt. Pratt, of the ship Hudson, trading 
 between New York and London, brought out in June four fine heifers. 
 In November, afterwards, he again brought out two bulls and six 
 heifers, from the herd of Mr. Torr, and Messrs. Dudding, of Lincoln- 
 shire, all superior animals, which were placed on the farm of Mr. L. F. 
 Allen, near Buffalo, N. Y., and all — together with two bull calves, 
 dropped since their arrival froni England — afterwards sold, by Messrs. 
 A. B. Allen & Co., to Mr. J. H. Pickrell, Harristown, 111. Their pedi- 
 grees are recorded in Vol. ii, American Herd Book. 
 
 There may have been a few other Short-horns imported into the 
 United States in the year 1871, but if so we have no immediate 
 account of them. 
 
 Importations of Short-horns into CaIjada. 
 
 We would gladly narrate a full and particular history of the Can- 
 ada Short-horns, their introduction and progress, as has been done 
 with those of the United States, had we the material at hand. But 
 with all our efforts to obtain them our notes are scant. We give such 
 memoranda as we have. 
 
 In the year 1833, Mr. Rowland Wingfield, living in the vicinity of 
 Toronto, Canada West (now Ontario), imported from England the 
 bulls Reformer, 898, and Young Farmer, 62, also cows Favorite, by 
 Warden (1563); Favorite 2d, by Henwood (2 114); Pedigree, by 
 Mynheer (2345); Countess, by Warwick (2815); and Lily, by War- 
 den (1563), Their produce are now in several herds. 
 
 The succeeding year The Home District Agricultural Society im- 
 ported four thorough-bred bulls — names not ascertained — and spread 
 them in various directions. They were chiefly bred to common cows, 
 as we find no pure Short-horn produce resulting from them. 
 
 About the year, 1836, the late Mr. Adam Ferguson imported into 
 the vicinity of Hamilton, C. W., the bull Agricola (1614) — afterwards 
 called Sir Walter by Mr. Ferguson — and cows Cherry, by Dunstan 
 Castle; and Beauty, by Snowball (2674). They were successfully 
 bred by Mr. Ferguson, and their produce are now found in many 
 herds. 
 
 In or about the same year of Mr. Ferguson's importation, Messrs. 
 George and John Simpson imported from Yorkshire, England, and 
 brought with them to New Market, C. W., from the herd of Mr. 
 Parrington, Stockton-on-Tees, several good Short-horns, which they 
 bred for some years. The results of their breeding we have not been 
 able to accurately ascertain. 
 
CANADIAN IMPORTATIONS. 21^ 
 
 During several years afterwards various other importations were 
 made, both into Lower and Upper Canada, of which we have been 
 unable to gather either dates of the importations, or names of ani- 
 mals brought out. Among these William and George Miller, of 
 Markham, aboiit the year 1850, and in several years since, imported 
 a number of valuable animals — chiefly from Scotland — but as we 
 have had no catalogue, nor full records of their pedigrees, no partic- 
 ular accounts can be given of them. 
 
 In the year 1855, Mr. Frederick Wm. Stone, of Guelph, began a 
 series of importations from several noted English herds, which he 
 has continued through intervening years down to nearly the present 
 time. 
 
 In 1859 or '60, Mr. N. J. McGillivray, of Williamstown, Glengarry 
 county, C. W., imported a bull and four cows from the herds of Mr. 
 Cruikshank, of Sittyton, and others, in Scotland. 
 
 Mr. David Christie, of Brantford, commenced his importations in 
 the year 1864, of several fine Short-horns, chiefly from the herd of 
 Mr. Douglass, of Athelstaneford, Scotland, which he placed with a 
 thorough-bred herd established by him some years earlier. He has 
 since added to his importations, all, or nearly all of which have been 
 recorded in the later volumes of the American Herd Book. 
 
 Other parties, comprising the names of Mr. Armstrong, of Mark- 
 ham ; Mr. Mairs, of Vespra ; Messrs. Wade, of Cobourg ; Mr. Mul- 
 lock, of Waterdown ; Mr. Ashton, of Gait ; Mr. Ashworth, of Ottawa ; 
 Mr. Place, of Beachville ; Mr. Petty, of Huron ; Dr. Phillips, of 
 Prescott ; Mr. John Thomson, of Whitney ; Mr. Roddick, of Cobourg, 
 The Quebec Agricultural Society, and probably some others in dif- 
 ferent localities have made importations. Added to the above names 
 occur John Miller, of Brougham ; William Miller, Jr., of Pickering ; 
 Simon Beattie, of Markham, and Richard Gibson, who have made 
 valuable importations within a few years past. 
 
 But the most striking series of importations, either in number or 
 value, ever made into Canada, were by Mr. Mark H. Cochrane, an 
 extensive manufacturer and merchant, of Montreal, and placed on 
 his large farm of Hillhurst, at Compton, Province of Quebec, begin- 
 ning in 1867, and continued until and into the early part of the 
 present year, 1872. 
 
 In 1867 he shipped from Glasgow, Scotland, his first importation 
 of two animals: the cow Rosedale, by Valasco (15443), and the bull 
 Baron Booth of Lancaster, 7535, American Herd Book. 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Ill August, 1868, he shipped from Liverpool, Eng., seven cows and 
 heifers, and one bull, Robert Napier, 8975, A. H. B. 
 
 In June, 1869, he shipped from Glasgow four cows and heifers. 
 
 In August following he shipped from Glasgow five cows and heifers, 
 and two bulls. 
 
 On August 2d, 1870, he shipped from Liverpool thirty-five cows and 
 heifers, and four bulls; on August 7th, following, he shipped also 
 from Liverpool five cows and two bulls. 
 
 In the months of August and October, 1870, he also shipped from 
 Liverpool seven cows and heifers, and three bulls. 
 
 In July, 187 1, he shipped from Liverpool twenty cows and heifers, 
 and four bulls. 
 
 In March, 1872, he also had shipped from Liverpool three cows 
 and heifers, making in all the shipments of the last six years eighty- 
 seven well-bred Short-horns. 
 
 Of the whole number a few died, or were killed by accident on 
 their passages ; the remainder all arrived safely at Mr. Cochrane's 
 farm at Compton. The animals were selected by Mr. Cochrane him- 
 self, for which he made several voyages across the Atlantic, or with 
 the assistance of Mr. Simon Beattie, of Canada, and Mr. John Thorn- 
 ton, the noted stock auctioneer, of London. No importation of 
 Short-horns ever made by an American have equaled in cost, the 
 stock brought out by Mr. Cochrane. Among them were two Bates 
 Duchess heifers, at the price cost of 2,500 guineas, or upwards of 
 $6,250 each. A considerable number of them were either pure 
 Booth, or containing several crosses of the blood of the Booth tribes; 
 several others were deep In various tribes of Bates blood. The ped- 
 igrees of all, or nearly all these animals, and their produce since their 
 importation have been recorded in the later volumes of the American 
 Herd Book, where they can be readily found. Many of them were 
 sold soon after their arrival, and brought into the United States; 
 others have been sold, and still remain in Canada, in the hands of 
 different owners, while a still larger number remain in the home herd 
 of Mr. Cochrane. 
 
 Thus concludes our history of the Short-horns, both in England, 
 until a modern period, and in America down to the present time ; but 
 as some other important matters connected with them are worthy of 
 notice, we shall occupy a few further pages, in their consideration. 
 
THE SHORT-HORNS AS MILKERS. 215 
 
 The Short-horns as Milkkrs. 
 
 Our history has fully shown that from the earliest period the Short- 
 horn cows, as a rule, were large milkers, and when cultivated with a 
 view to dairy purposes no animals of any breed excelled, and few if 
 any equaled them. When milk has been the main object in their 
 keeping, no cows have made larger yields according to the consump- 
 tion of food than they. 
 
 Even in our own time we have frequent records of cows, in the 
 height of the grass season, giving 24 to 36, and even 40 quarts per 
 day. Numerous notes of the kind may be found attached to the 
 pedigrees of cows in the several volumes of the American Herd Book, 
 and the yields of butter have been correspondingly large. It is not 
 necessary to quote these items, as every one acquainted with the race 
 will call to mind more or less of them. It is true, as a rule, that the 
 cow which is a profuse milker must be comparatively lean in flesh, 
 which detracts from her appearance when by the side of one other- 
 wise equally good, or perhaps inferior in quality, which gives little 
 milk, and runs more to flesh. Yet the large milker, when dried off 
 and fed, may present as fine a form and development as another 
 which never gave more milk than would nurse a calf for five or six 
 months after birth, even in cases where the feeding is equal in quality. 
 It may be added that the heavy milker requires more feed during her 
 dairy season than the other, while the latter carries a heavy carcass 
 of flesh ; but the additional food is more than compensated in the 
 milk or butter she yields. 
 
 In the wide beef-producing districts of our country where milk is of 
 little object beyond that of nursing a calf to the proper age of wean- 
 ing, the milking faculty of the Short-horn cow has been partially 
 bred out, but it is capable of being restored in a few generations by 
 the application of bulls descended from herds where the dairy quality 
 has been preserved. Indeed we have seen wonderful milkers occa- 
 sionally strike out in herds where the cows were only nominal in their 
 yields, abundantly testifying that the dairy quality is inherent in their 
 organization. As thorough-bred cows, ,from their much higher value 
 for breeding purposes than for dairy use, are likely for many years to 
 be devoted solely to breeding, it is not at all probable, unless for the 
 production of bulls to beget grade dairy cows, that they will be reared 
 with much regard to their lacteal qualities, unless in certain sections 
 of the country where milk, as a matter of necessity, is the chief 
 object. In this view, we have no suggestions to make other than that 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 each party choosing the Short-horns for his stock, should exercise 
 his own judgment in their selection, whether they be greater or lesser 
 milk producers. It is sufficient to say that the Short-horns may be 
 the maximum or the minimum of milkers, as the parties needing 
 them may determine. 
 
 As A Flesh-producing Animal. 
 
 Nothing of the bovine race ever has, or probably ever can, equal 
 the Short-horns in early maturity, rapid accumulation of flesh, full- 
 ness and ripeness of points, according to the amount of food they 
 consume, and assimilating that food to its most profitable use. A 
 century of experience in Britain and half a century of experience in 
 America, with a rapidly growing confidence in their flesh-taking 
 capacity have placed the Short-horns in the foremost rank of all 
 neat cattle. It must be a newly-discovered animal that will supercede 
 the Short-horn wherever abundant forage and rich pasturage are 
 found. With cows of the common, or of inferior breeds, on be- 
 coming aged, and their profitable use for the dairy passed, they are, 
 comparatively, almost useless for feeding into a profitable carcass of 
 flesh from the disproportionate amount of forage they consume and 
 the light yields of meat they make. It is not so with the Short-horn. 
 Her broad, well-proportioned anatomy, with sufficient food, takes 
 flesh rapidly, and within a period that would enable the inferior one 
 to reach only a preparatory, or thriving condition, the Short-horn will 
 be fed ofi" and fit for the shambles. Thus, when the native or com- 
 mon cow is done with for the dairy, and becomes comparatively 
 worthless, the other yields a profitable carcass of beef, hide and tal- 
 low, as if in her prime of age and usefulness. 
 
 Vitality, Longevity, and Fertility. 
 
 No cattle, of whatever race or breed, have exhibited more of the 
 above named qualities than the Short-horns. We might mention 
 scores of bulls by name which have proved useful to extreme ages, 
 both in England and America. 
 
 Among the English bulls, one of the earliest and most celebrated 
 of the Herd Book animals, Hubback (319), begat calves after he was 
 ten years old. Favorite (252) begat calves at thirteen years. He 
 was ten years old when he sired the celebrated Comet (155). Marske 
 (418) was useful thirteen years, and died at the age of fifteen. And 
 
VITALITY, LONGEVITY, AND FERTILITY 217 
 
 SO with many other English bulls, who were the sires of as good 
 stock in their later as in their earlier years. Among the American 
 bulls Washington (1566), bred by Mr. Champion, in England, im- 
 ported and owned by Gen. Van Rensselaer, at Albany, N. Y., died 
 at nineteen years old, and held his virility to within a year of his 
 death. Oliver (2387), bred by Col. Powel, of Philadelphia, Pa., and 
 owned in Kentucky, got calves at seventeen years old. Old Splendor, 
 767, A. H. B., bred by Mr. Weddle, in Western New York, got calves 
 after sixteen, and died when seventeen years old. Renick, 903, 
 A. H. B., bred by James Renick, in Kentucky, got calves at fourteen 
 years old, and died soon after, while yet apparently vigorous. Baron 
 of Oxford, 2525, A. H. B., bred by Mr. Thome, of Thorndale, N. Y., 
 died at fifteen years from the effects of an accident by a fall on slip- 
 pery ice when in the act of serving a cow — useful to the last. 
 
 Among the aged cows may be named "Duchess, by Daisy bull," 
 bred by Charles Colling, in England, who, after many years of suc- 
 cessful breeding, made an excellent carcass of beef at seventeen 
 years. Many other cows of English breeding attained the age of 
 fifteen to upwards of twenty years. Among the American cows, one 
 belonging to Mr. John G. Dun, of London, Ohio, the name not 
 recollected, had a calf, at seventeen years. Imported Young Mary, 
 by Jupiter (2170), owned in Kentucky, bred fourteen heifer calves — 
 and one bull — and died at twenty-one years. This is the most remark- 
 able instance of heifer breeding within our knowledge, and more 
 Herd Book pedigrees run into Young Mary than any other half 
 dozen cows of record. Mr. Dun's cow Florida^ by Comet, 356 
 (1854), brought her last calf at eighteen years, and nursed and reared 
 it. The Kentucky cow, Catherine Turley, by Goldfinder (2066), 
 lived until eighteen years old; she was then fed off for the butcher, 
 and when slaughtered was found to be in calf. A well-bred cow of 
 the Union Village Shakers, Warren county, Ohio, brought a living 
 heifer calf after she was twenty-one years old. But it is useless to 
 multiply instances of great longevity. We have related these from 
 many others whicn might be named, had we opportunity to look them 
 up and record them. 
 
 All the Short-horns need is a sufficiency of proper food — not forc- 
 ing — and sensible treatment in the way of shelter and care to prove 
 them the equals, if not superiors, in fertility and longevity, of any 
 others of the bovine race. 
 
2l8 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The Colons of Short-horn Noses. 
 
 In the earlier history of them we find that cloudy, smoky, or even 
 black noses in the Short-horns were frequent, and some of the more 
 distinguished breeders had more or less of them among their best ani- 
 mals. But so far as we can discover they were never fashionable; 
 on the other hand they were objectionable, as a matter of taste, at 
 feast. Yet withal, dark noses were inherent in the race, cropping out, 
 now and then, in almost every herd, even to the present day, and 
 only by the most careful weeding out of the dark-nosed young breed- 
 ing animals as they occurred, have the orange or drab noses become 
 the rule, and dark the exception. 
 
 Some critical people have asserted that a dark nose is indicative 
 of impure blood ; that it came in with the Colling cross of the Gal- 
 loway cow; others that stealthy crosses of the West Highland, or 
 other outside cattle introduced it, but no proof exists of either, and 
 the question may as well at once be yielded that the dark nose is 
 inherent in the Short-horn race. We do not advocate a dark nose, 
 either in full, or cloudy, or in streaks, or spots, yet we have seen many 
 Short-horns with unimpeachable pedigrees, and descended from herds 
 long distinguished for their superior quality, which had either dark or 
 cloudy noses. Nor have we ever known that the color of the nose at 
 all governed the otherwise essential good qualities of the animal; 
 yet so long as a good bull or cow can be found with an orange, drab, 
 or brownish nut-colored nose, of equally good quality otherwise, we 
 would not breed from a dark-nosed one — more from the unpopularity 
 of the color than any other exceptional bad quality the creature might 
 possess. 
 
 To make our position good in the way of an occasional dark nose 
 cropping out : We once had a choice Short-horn cow, with a perfect 
 orange nose, which we bred to a pure Devon bull, with an equally 
 good nose as the heifer, and the produce was a red roan calf with a 
 jet black nose, which a well-bred Devon never has. The black nose 
 of the calf in question came from the Short-horn blood, not the 
 Devon. A pure Short-horn nose of any shade between a «a/-brown, 
 or deep drab, running up to a yellow, may be classed as unexception- 
 able in that particular. It is so in England. A light y?«/4-colored 
 nose is equally objectionable as a dark one, being usually accompa- 
 nied with a lighter colored skin, and sometimes a delicacy in physical 
 form or constitution, (although not always so,) beyond those animals 
 
COLORS OF SHORT-HORNS. 219 
 
 with noses of a deeper color, either orange, drab, nut-colored, or 
 cloudy. 
 
 For grade breeding, that is, for beef or dairy purposes, (and for the 
 most progressive purposes of working up toward the pure blood,) a 
 grade bull should never be used, when a thorough-brjed one can be 
 obtained; provided the bull be otherwise good, if he have a dark 
 nose it need not be objected to. No matter what the color of the 
 nose, the cow will milk as well, and the steer feed as profitably as if 
 that feature in them were the height of perfection. 
 
 Bodily Colors of Short-horns. 
 
 The legitimate colors of the race, from their earliest history, have 
 been red, in its different shades, and pure white, either one prevailino 
 to greater or less extent over the entire body, or spreading in various 
 proportions of each in distinct patches, or the promiscuous ihterming- 
 ling of both into either a light or red roan, as accident might govern, 
 giving the animal a picturesque and agreeable appearance to the eye 
 of the spectator. The lighter shades of red are termed "yellow- 
 red," which, among the earlier animals, occasionally run into a pale 
 dun, or drab, mingling with white, as with the deeper reds; but 
 within the last fifty years the dun or drab hues have mostly disap- 
 peared and become unfashionable, the full reds of lighter or deeper 
 shades having the preference. Still, the light dun or drab may occa- 
 sionally crop out in a calf of perfect pedigree without prejudice to 
 its blood or lineage. 
 
 Fifty years ago a preponderance of white, and less of red, was the 
 usual color, and in many distinguished animals pure white was equally 
 acceptable as red, red and white, or roan, with the best breeders. In 
 fact, we cannot discover that so late as twenty years ago objection 
 was made to a good animal solely on account of color, either red, in 
 any of its different shades, or their intermixtures with white, or the 
 pure white itself. It has been so in England from the earliest days 
 down to the present time. Any shade, in fact, from the deepest to the 
 lightest in the reds, to pure white, and their mixtures, are legitimate 
 Short-horn colors, and any choice in preference to more or less of 
 these prevailing in the animal, is simply a matter of taste with the 
 breeder or owner. 
 
 There has, of late years, however, grown up in the United States a 
 fashion in colors, red being the choice, and deep red the prevailing 
 choice. This fashion, we believe, has been mainly induced by the 
 
220 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 increasing popularity of the "Bates" blood, they having more of it 
 than almost any other distinct family tribe ; for we do not recognize 
 it as predominating in any other tribes belonging to the different 
 English, Scotch, or Irish breeders. Thirty years ago we seldom saw 
 a purely red Short-horn, and not many where the red much overrun 
 the white. Red and white, and the roans, were the most common, 
 and pure white was more popular than a full red. In fact, the roans 
 were the most fashionable, and more preferred than any other where 
 a preference for color prevailed at all. Some of the best bulls and 
 cows ever imported into the country were pure white, so late as 
 twenty years ago, while now either at public or private sale a white, 
 or even a light roan bull, unless of distinguished blood, will sell for 
 a much less price than a full red or red roan of equal quality, even 
 when discriminating breeders in the more substantial qualities are 
 the purchasers. 
 
 In this partiality or prejudice — for we cannot call it any other — in 
 the United States, we cannot but think it an absurd distinction so far 
 as the true merits of the animal are concerned. A purely red cow 
 may be bred to a purely red bull, and a white or roan calf may be 
 the produce, as is sometimes seen ; or, a bull and cow of any other 
 legitimate shades, white, roan, or of distinctly patched colors may be 
 coupled, and grades of color common to neither parent may be pro- 
 duced in the calf. In fact, color in Short-horns is not controllable, 
 Dr but partially so, except as through a persistent course of breeding 
 to certain colored bulls, on the rule that "like begets like," will the 
 produce inherit the shades belonging to the parents, and then not 
 uniformly. Therefore we say, other qualities being equal, one color 
 is just as good as another, no better, no worse. Still, fashion may 
 rule for a time among breeders, as the color of a person's dress may rule 
 in the fashionable world of people, to be discarded at the next freak 
 Of fancy or taste, as those who invent them may dictate. 
 
 Let us illustrate : The Collings always bred many more pure whites 
 than pure reds, (seldom did they breed one of the latter,) while roans 
 of different shades were their prevailing colors. So also with other 
 of the leading breeders of England from time immemorial. The 
 Booths bred without regard to a choice of color ; so that their cattie 
 were good, color was a minor object. They seldom had a red ani- 
 mal, but chiefly roans and whites. In Mr. Bates' early Duchess stock 
 the red color prevailed, and it has through their close interbreeding, 
 although since 'crossed by roan bulls, still held its own in their 
 descendants. The importations into the United States from the 
 
COLORS OF SHORT-HORNS, 221 
 
 earliest date to 1857, were chiefly roans, red and whites, and whites, 
 the reds being little cared for, but rather objected to, until the Bates 
 Duchess blood became in demand. Previous to the Bates arrivals 
 reds were decidedly ««fashionable, some breeders carrying their 
 prejudices against a full red so far as to declare such colors indica- 
 tive of impure blood and bad breeding ! 
 
 We incline to the opinion that not many years will transpire before 
 good judges of Short-horns will look more closely to quality than 
 color, convinced as we are that a fashion existing solely on prejudice 
 or partiality, cannot be permanent. 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Exportation of American Short -horns to England and 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 After the long series of purchases by American breeders from 
 the British herds which have been enumerated, it is an interesting 
 item to record the progress of the back tidal wave of purchases from 
 our own American herds by English breeders, which have been taken 
 to the land of their origin to re-unite their possibly superior qualities 
 with the long-cherished blood of their ancestors, an event which has 
 been regarded among the British breeders as of novel and especial 
 interest. 
 
 Fifty years ago, or more, a pungent writer of critiques in one of 
 the British Reviews opened his article upon an American author with 
 the sneering question : " Who reads an American book ? " But at 
 the present day American books have become a welcome commodity 
 in the British market, and receive an admiration and respect equal 
 to those of its own most favored authors. 
 
 Forty years afterwards, although the Americans had long been 
 purchasers of English Short-horns, the question might have been as 
 contemptuously asked by the English breeders: "Who buys an 
 American Short-horn ? " For many years our American breeders had 
 visited Great Britain, and carefully selected and purchased many 
 choice animals from the most costly and fashionable herds, which 
 they transferred onto their own American farms, and bred with Si 
 care and skill equal to any which had been bestowed upon them in 
 the land of their nativity. It was afterwards discovered that much 
 of the best blood of their cherished herds had crossed the Atlantic, 
 and not to be regained except by going to America to re-purchase 
 and import it back at much higher prices than those for which they 
 had originally sold them. But the blood they must have, whatever 
 might be the cost, and they wisely set about regaining it. 
 
 In a letter to us of June 12, 1871, Mr. Samuel Thome, of New 
 York, thus writes : "During a visit to England in the spring of 1861, 
 I was eagerly sought after for ' Duke ' and ' Oxford ' bulls, and in 
 
EXPORTATION OF AMERICAN SHORT-HORNS. ^23 
 
 May of that year I sent over the bull ' Our American Cousin,' by 
 imported Neptune, 1917, out of imported Lalla Rookh, sold to me by 
 F. W. Welch, of Ireland. A short time after I sent over the bulls 
 3d Duke of Thorndale, 2789 (roan), 4th Duke of Thorndale, 2790 
 (roan), 5th Duke of Thorndale, 3488 (white), Imperial Oxford, 4905 
 (red) ; also the heifer 4th Lady of Oxford, which afterwards became 
 celebrated as one of the most distinguished cows in England, both as 
 a show animal and breeder. The bull 5 th Duke of Thorndale, sick- 
 ened on the voyage, and died in Queenstown harbor, Ireland, before 
 reaching England. On their arrival in England they were sold at 
 prices varying from 300 to 400 guineas each, in gold coin. In the 
 following year, 1862, 1 sent out to England Lord Oxford, 3091 (roan), 
 2d Lord Oxford [not recorded in A. H. B.], Bishop of Oxford [not 
 recorded in A. H. B.], and Duke of Geneva, 3858 (roan). The latter 
 shipment arrived in England' safely, and sold for 250 to 600 guineas 
 each, in gold, amounting to a considerable larger sum in our own 
 currency." 
 
 Soon afterwards Mr. Ezra Cornell, of Ithaca, N. Y., sold to go to 
 England, the young bull 3d Lord of Oxford, 4958, bred by Mr. Thome, 
 of whom Mr. Cornell had sometime previously purchased him. He 
 sold for $3,000 in gold, which, with the premium added swelled the 
 sum to a much larger amount in our currency. 
 
 About the same time Mr. R. A. Alexander, of Kentucky, sent out 
 to England a few animals of choice blood of the Airdrie (Bates' 
 Duchess) tribe, and possibly another animal or two, the names of 
 which we have not been able to learn, nor the restilt of their sales. 
 
 In August, 1867, Mr. John R. Page took out for Mr. J. O. Sheldon, 
 of Geneva, N. Y., eight young animals, consisting of the roan bull 
 3d Duke of Geneva, 5563, which sold for 550 guineas, and the heif- 
 ers 7th Duchess of Geneva (white), sold at 700 guineas, together with 
 4th Maid of Oxford (red), Countess of Oxford (white), 6th Maid of 
 Oxford (roan), 7th Maid of Oxford (roan), 8th Maid of Oxford (roan), 
 and 5th Maid of Oxford (white). For the six Oxfords he obtained 
 2,050 guineas, an average of $2,293 each. The entire sale amounted 
 to 3,300 guineas=$i 7,325, or an average for the lot of $2,615.50 each, 
 which, together with the premium on the gold received for them, not 
 less than 20 to 25 per cent, above American currency at the time, 
 made the handsome sum of nearly or quite $20,000 for eight animals, 
 less the expense of exportation. 
 
 In the year 1870, Mr. Sheldon also sold, to be delivered on ship- 
 hoard in the city of New York, the red roan bull calf 8th Duke of 
 
224 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Geneva, 7935, to Messrs. Harward and Downing, in England, for 800 
 guineas, and to Mr. Cheney, also in England, the (red) heifers nth 
 Duchess of Geneva, and (red roan) 13th Duchess of Geneva, at 1,000 
 guineas each, in gold coin. They were taken on board ship and 
 arrived safely at their destination. 
 
 In April, 187 1, Mr. M. H. Cochrane, Compton, Province Quebec, 
 sold to Earl of Dunmore, in Scotland, the cow nth Lady of Oxford, 
 by 14th Duke of Thorndale, 8031, for 750 guineas; and to Colonel 
 Kingscote, of England, the red bull Duke of Hillhurst, 9862, at eleven 
 months old, for 800 guineas. Both these animals were delivered at 
 Portland, Me., the freight and charges to be paid by the purchasers. 
 
 In November following, Mr. Cochrane also sold to Earl of Dun- 
 more the following heifers: Duchess of Hillhurst (white), and 2d 
 Duchess of Hillhurst (roan), at about a year old, each (both got by 
 8th Duke of York, 11867, out of imported Duchesses 103d and 
 loist), for 2,500 guineas; also the cow 8th Maid of Oxford and her 
 heifer calf, for 1,300 guineas; also two cows and their two heifer 
 calves, purchased by Mr. Cochrane, in Kentucky, for which he re- 
 ceived 500 guineas. This lot, like the previous one, was delivered 
 at Portland, subject to the exportation pharges. The whole ten ani- 
 mals of these two exportations netted Mr. Cochrane the sum of 5,850 
 guineas, or about $30,712 American currency. 
 
 Late in the autumn of 187 1, Messrs. Walcott and Campbell, of New 
 York Mills, Oneida county, N. Y., sold to Lord Skelmerdale, Eng- 
 land, the young red bull, ist Duke of Oneida, 9925, for 850 guineas, 
 at eighteen months old ; and with him also went out the red bull 5th 
 Lord Oxford, 10382, fifteen months old, to another party there ; also 
 to Mr. Cheney the roan heifer 9th Maid of Oxford (two years old), 
 by loth Duke of Thorndale, 5610; red cow loth Lady of Oxford 
 (four years old), by loth Duke of Thorndale, 5610; and roan heifer 
 13th Lady of Oxford (nine months old), by Baron of Oxford, 2525, 
 all at about the average prices of Mr. Sheldon's sale. 
 
 The above are the last sales to go abroad of which we have a 
 detailed account up to the year 1872 ; and most gratifying they must 
 prove, in the acknowledgment by some of the most enterprising breed- 
 ers of Great Britain to the excellence and value of Am^n'can-hied 
 Short-horns. 
 
THE EARLIER SHORT-HORNS. 22$ 
 
 The Style, Figure and Quality, which should Represent a 
 Perfect Short-horn. 
 
 To demonstrate this we should, perhaps, have a portrait, model, 
 or diagram of the animal we purpose to describe ; but such an one 
 is difficult to obtain, and could we obtain it, objection might be made 
 that it represented a particular animal, of certain blood or breeding, 
 whose conspicuity in a work of this character might show partiality 
 in us, the imputation of which we wish to avoid. We shall, there- 
 fore, speak of what should be, rather than what is in any animal with 
 which we are familiar. We have occasionally seen a Short-horn 
 which we considered almost, if hot quite, perfect. We have recited 
 the histories of some which seemed almost perfect in the eyes of 
 judges of them in the days of the earlier breeders — the Maynards, " 
 Wetherels, CoUings, Booths, Mason, and their contemporaries, as well 
 as to others now living. But they were not altogether so, as some 
 deficient points in them have been detected. Nor do we think 
 their standard of perfection was then so high as it is at the present 
 time. We believe the standard of excellence has improved within 
 the last seventy years, and that the average quality of well-bred Short- 
 horns is higher now than in the years 1800 to 1830, although many 
 animals of surpassing excellence, and known by name, existed in 
 those days, as we have seen by portraits and descriptions of them. 
 
 The mass of the old Short-horns, as we have seen, were faulty- 
 coarse, many of them, sleazily made up, too prominent in bone, hard 
 in the handling, lacking flesh in the most valuable parts of the car- 
 cass, and having too much offal for their net weight. Their shoulder* 
 stood too far forward, were too upright and open at the tops ; their 
 fore ribs were too flat, with too little flesh on their crops, those points 
 being hollow, or concave, bearing neither roasts nor steaks upon them. 
 That was, perhaps, their greatest fault, and the most difficult to over- 
 come. There were other deficiencies which have been already enu- 
 merated and need not be repeated. Yet the cows were generally 
 great milkers, and great milkers even at the present day are more 
 apt to fail in those points than in almost any others. The reader 
 will understand thsit we now speak of the Short-horns of some cen- 
 turies ago, before their breeders had discovered the capabilities of the 
 race in the extent of improvement to which they have since attained. 
 
 15 
 
226 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 But good breeding has corrected most of these, and we now see 
 large numbers of Short-horns existing in the peerless symmetry which 
 in early days were not common to their race. 
 
 To the point, then : What is a perfect Short-horn ? 
 
 We propose to dissect and analyze the creature from the point of 
 its nose to the brush of its tail. In this we are aware that we may 
 run against both tastes and prejudices, as well as fashions ; but tastes, 
 prejudices and fashions, are all more or less arbitrary, the results of 
 education, and sometimes absurd when running AgaxasX. practical excel- 
 lence, or true merit, in almost any subject. We propose to speak of 
 merit mainly, and permit the reader to interpose his own ideas of 
 taste or fashion, as they may occur. 
 
 The muzzle : This should be fine, with a wide, open nostril ; a 
 large, but not coarse mouth beneath it, thin lips, light, fine under jaw, 
 devoid of flesh, except a slight pendulous skin underneath. The 
 color of the nose yellow, orange, or a nutty drab. (The colors ot 
 the nose are elsewhere discussed.) 
 
 The head : Should be well-proportioned in length, breadth, and 
 general symmetry ; rather shorter in the bull and longer in the cow, 
 in proportion to the size of the animal of either sex. The cheeks 
 should be lean, and destitute of much flesh, giving them a neat, airy 
 appearance. The forehead broad, gracefully narrowing along the 
 face towards the muzzle; the face slightly concave — not dished, 
 (like an Alderny,) but a true Short-horn face of elegant and stylish 
 bearing. The hair in the forehead of a bull may be either straight, 
 or curly, without prejudice either way. The eye should be promi- 
 nent and large, encircled by a broad orange ring, clear of hair, or 
 the hair growing upon it short, and running gradually out into the 
 face and cheeks at a brief distance. The expression of the eye 
 should be mild and gentle, indicating kindness of disposition. A 
 sullen or deep-set eye, is more or less indicative of bad temper, and 
 intractable nature. The style and expression of the eye we consider 
 an important feature of the animal in its qualities of perfection. 
 
 The horn : As a rule, should be light, although a heavy one is not 
 particularly objectionable, as it is of no use other than indicating the 
 character of the race. The bases should stand wide on each side at 
 the top of the skull, and bend gracefully forward in an outward curve, 
 and may then incline downward or upward, either way without 
 prejudice to the main qualities of the beast. They should be oval in 
 shape at the base, and so continue some distance from the head; of 
 waxy or neutral tint, inclining, if not strictly of the waxy character, 
 
A PERFECT SHORT-HORN. 22/ 
 
 to a creamy, rather than a white shade, and no dark tint or black 
 except at the tips, and even there the less of either the better. The 
 horns of some of the best animals sometimes take an upright form ; 
 others a backward and downward curve, which need not be objected 
 to if the creature be otherwise unobjectionable. But a. perfect horn, 
 in either bull or cow, should have a graceful, outward spread, inclin- 
 ing gently downward or upward at the sides and front, small and fine. 
 
 The ear : Should be upright, large, and thin, well covered inside 
 and out, with long, fine hair, and flexible in movement. It is not an 
 important feature, and only noticeable in adding grace and beauty to 
 the general features of the head. The head of a Short-horn gives 
 the animal much of its character for grace and comeliness, if not of 
 general excellence, although we have known many of superlative 
 quality in every other particular, with plain heads — that being- the 
 only objectionable point. The Booth heads are inclined to be quite 
 straight in the face, from forehead to muzzle — so much so as some- 
 times to give the heifers a steery appearance. This, however, is a 
 matter of taste only, yet more common in the Booth stpck than in 
 the herds of most other breeders. 
 
 The neck : Should be strong and well set, of a graceful oval 
 shape adjoining the head, running backward on a level, in the cow, 
 and with a gradually rising crest in the bull, deepening and widening 
 as it approaches the bosom, where it should connect in a smooth 
 expansion, so that it can hardly be seen where the neck terminates 
 or the bosom begins. The neck should be free from hanging skin or 
 dewlap. 
 
 The chest : This most important feature, from which spring the 
 brisket, shoulders, and fore ribs, should be deep, broad, and full, indi- 
 cating robustness and good constitution. 
 
 The brisket: Set prominently forward, nearly perpendicular in 
 front, broad, and well let down, or even slightly projecting, towards 
 the bottom, with a thin, pendulous skin underneath, indicating an 
 elasticity of the flesh inclosed within it. 
 
 The shoulders : Should be broad and even at the tops, working 
 backward into a level with the chine in the rear, on a direct line, mod- 
 erately upright, spreading outward as they descend from the top of 
 the chest, smooth at the forward points, and thence sloping gracefully 
 and tapering symmetrically into the fore legs above the knees. The 
 knees should be round, muscular, and stand well apart; the legs 
 below fine^boned, and terminating in hoofs of proportionate size, 
 waxy, brindled or dark brown in color. 
 
228 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The fore ribs : Springing in a well-rounded arch from the spine, 
 should be well expanded, long, and deep, giving abundant space for 
 the well-sized heart and lungs to play, and develop what some may- 
 term the " fore flank " at the floor of the chest or sternum, into full 
 breadth and levelness with the belly. 
 
 The crops, or spaces behind the shoulders : These should be full, per- 
 fected mainly by a sufficient springing outward of the fore ribs from 
 the chine, with a full coating of flesh upon them. The crops in the 
 older Short-horns were one of their most, deficient points, but by 
 skillful breeding they have been improved to such extent that they 
 are now, in many animals, of remarkable excellence, and when so 
 developed as to yield acceptable steaks and roasting pieces, add much 
 to the selling as well as consumable values of the beast. In fact, no 
 perfect Short-horn will show a depression behind the shoulders, but 
 let a carpenter's straight-edge touch the entire space on a line from 
 the shoulders to the after ribs adjoining them. 
 
 The spine, or back bone, by whichever name it may be called: 
 Should run on an even level line from the chine to the setting on of 
 the tail, although in some of the choicest animals a slightly depressed 
 notch is permitted at the connection of the spine with the tail. 
 
 The loin : Broad, full, and level with the spine and hips — for 
 there the choicest flesh usually lies, adding much to the weight and 
 value of the carcass. 
 
 The hips : Wide spread, smooth, and on a level with the spine — 
 not falling off and tapering downwards to cause a contraction of the 
 ribs and belly forward. Drooping hips are apt to be narrow, with a 
 " cloddy buttock " in the rear, giving tough and lean meat of little 
 value. 
 
 The rumps : Long, full, broad and level, narrowing gracefully 
 from the hips to the pin-bones, or points of the rumps, which latter 
 should be wide apart, giving a proportional symmetry to either sex, 
 and a great advantage and convenience to the cow in parturition. 
 
 The tail : Well and strongly connected with the spine on a straight 
 line, small, and tapering gradually to the brush, which should be 
 clothed with a full tuft of long hair. 
 
 The hinder ribs: These should spring roundly from the spine, 
 long, deep, and well set back towards the hips, holding the belly up 
 level, as near as may be with the floor of the chest, and by their 
 breadth, giving abundant room for the viscera or bowels to play, and 
 in the cow to spread sufficiently for the growth of the foetus, while 
 breeding. 
 
A PERFECTi SHORT-HORN. 229 
 
 The flank : Should be full and low, on a line with the belly and 
 thighs, the skin loosely developed to fill with fatty flesh when perfected 
 for slaughter. 
 
 The udder— in the cow : Should be broad, square, and set well 
 forward, with fine, thin hair, wide between the teats, which should be 
 placed well apart, of medium size and length, and gently tapering. 
 
 The testicles of the bull : Should be full for his age, equal in 
 size — as near as may be — and lightly haired. 
 
 The thighs : Should Arop perpendicularly from the pin-bones or 
 points of the rumps, broad on the upper sides, and full throughout, 
 the flesh running well down towards the hocks in the bulls. In the 
 cows, from the rump-points downward the backward slope of the 
 thighs may retreat forward and be thinner than in the bulls, as is the 
 wont of her sex. Still, they should be muscular and strong. 
 
 The hind legs : Straight, like those of the horse, standing well 
 apart, with a strong muscular hock, tapering into a fine-boned, flat 
 leg below, and ending in a well-spread, compact hoof, of color like 
 the forward ones. 
 
 The twist, or space above the junction of the thighs : Should be 
 broad, full, and clothed with a soft, silky hair in either sex. In cows 
 used for dairy purposes some importance has been given to the 
 "escutcheon," according to Guenon's theory (the haiir running both 
 inversely and transversely far upward and outward on the thighs, 
 indicating high milking qualities); but we consider that of minor 
 consequence, as experience has not given anything more than a 
 doubtful belief in its certainty of application. It relates to the lacteal 
 tendency of the cow only, and needs no further discussion here. 
 
 The hair : Should be close, long and soft, furnishing a warm win- 
 ter covering. It will be short enough in the warm season, as nature 
 provides for the changing temperatures. 
 
 The touch, or handling quality: Should be elastic, mellow (not 
 flabby), and springing under pressure of the fingers like a light India 
 rubber ball. Good handling is one of the best points in a Short- 
 horn. 
 
 The skin : Moderately thick, strong, and loose, easily moving by 
 action of the hand upon it, and showing plenty of cellular tissue 
 underneath. 
 
 The above qualities have been generally accepted by experienced 
 and skillful Short-horn breeders to constitute the necessary points of 
 a perfect specimen of the race. 
 
230 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Pure Short-Horns — Herd Bo^s — Pedigrees. 
 
 The subjects embraced in this chapter are, of necessity, more or 
 less debateable; still we shall strive to treat them with truth, and 
 fairness. 
 
 The question may very properly first be asked : What is a " thor- 
 ough-bred or pure-blooded " Short-horn ? 
 
 The simplest and most obvious answer may be : An animal which 
 traces its descent through a line of ancestors, on both sides of its 
 parentage, back to the earliest ages in Short-horn history or the 
 fountain-head of its race, whether such ancestry be recorded in the 
 Herd Books or not. To ascertain such fact to an absolute certainty, 
 a close and thorough investigation of every volume (possibly) of the 
 books, both English and American, now thirty in number, and con- 
 taining over seventy thousand pedigrees, unless other positive testi- 
 mony is at hand, must be made in order to settle the fact of 
 indisputable purity of blood, and even then it cannot unquestionably 
 be done, as our previous history has already shown. 
 
 The question of purity in descent is a broad and intricate one. 
 Numerous commentators and critics through the papers, pamphlets, 
 magazines and journals, of both past and present days, have from 
 time to time ventilated their opinions upon it, and arrived at widely 
 different conclusions, each one for himself, and apparently satisfied in 
 his own correctness ; yet they have proved nothing beyond what the 
 Herd Books — and they but imperfectly either investigated or under- 
 stood — together with some traditions derived from the old breeders 
 have given them. It is unfortunate that the investigations of this 
 subject have, from the beginning, both in England and America, 
 been too much of a partisan and in many of them of a personal 
 character, as well as exhibiting a prejudice against, or partiality for 
 some of the bloods and pedigrees which they discussed. 
 
 Our history in the foregoing pages has related as definitely as could 
 be ascertained, the origin of the Short-horn race; and the Herd 
 Books have recorded their individual progress down to the present 
 
ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH HERD BOOK. 23I 
 
 time, through the pedigrees which they contain ; but it may be well 
 to understand the authority on which those pedigrees were based, 
 and for that a history of the foundation of the English Herd Book 
 should be related. 
 
 We have seen that the Short-horns had been more or less cultivated 
 and no doubt greatly improved through some past centuries in the coun- 
 ties comprising the ancient Northumbria, previous to the year 1730, 
 and we have some few records of animals by name, from that time 
 down to the year 1780, vwhen, through the intelligence and enterprise 
 of some of their younger breeders, they began in considerable num- 
 bers to take position by partial pedigree, as well as name, in a few 
 individual herds. The records of many animals were kept in the 
 private notes of their breeders, in some instances ; in many more 
 instances they were retained only in the memories of their breeders, 
 and in the fallibility of those memories may not in all' instances have 
 been correct in certain facts of blood or birth. Yet, such were the 
 only records, and they were not reduced to a permanent shape until 
 the year 1822, when the first volume of the English Herd Book was 
 published ; thus the pedigrees of the Short-horns remained either in 
 private memoranda or tradition, for more than half a century after 
 some of them had acquired individual names and reputations as 
 prominent and leading animals of their race. Their progress and 
 increasing numbers through those years had been so rapid, and the 
 chances of error in perpetuating their lineage were so many, that an 
 imperative necessity compelled their breeders to place them in a 
 permanent record. 
 
 According to a concise and well-considered narrative, published 
 in ^'The Country Gentleman" under date of July 27, 1871, over the 
 signature " S.," which we consider competent authority, as was re- 
 ceived by the writer more than twenty years ago, in England, from 
 some of the then living parties who had been active in the proceed- 
 ings, we extract as follows : 
 
 " The English Short-horned Herd Book was originated as a pro- 
 ject some years before its publication. Sir Henry Vane Tempest, a 
 large and capital breeder of Short-horns, held semi-annual agricul- 
 tural meetings in Wynyard Park, his residence, in Durham county, 
 giving prizes for horses, cattle and sheep. These meetings, like those 
 of the Durham Agricultural Society, always were attended by the lead- 
 ing breeders of that county and Yorkshire. At a meeting in the autumn 
 of 1812, there were present, among others, Robert and Charles Col- 
 ling, Mrs. Charles Colling, Mr. Bates, Col. Trotter, Messrs. John and 
 
232 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 George Hutchinson, Wetherell, Baker of EUmore, Wright, Stephenson, 
 Hustler, Raine, Mr. Booth and his sons John and Richard, Maj. Rudd, 
 and the two Coateses, father and son. Sir Henry was a breeder 
 of blood horses, and he suggested to the company, what had been 
 before arranged between him and Mr. Coates, the publication of a 
 record for Short-horns, like the Stud Book for horses. The view was 
 at once adopted. All the gentlemen named were breeders of Short- 
 horns, and at least three of them breeders of blood horses, viz. : Sir 
 Henry, Col. Trotter and Mr. Stephenson. That was the start of the 
 Herd Book. Sir Henry, Mr. Coates and Col. Trotter, had, prior to 
 this consulted on the subject, and the movement at Sir Henry's din- 
 ner of the day of his show, was in pursuance of arrangement. It 
 was conceded that Mr. Coates was the most proper person to act as 
 editor of the book. He was fitted for that duty by a large knowledge 
 of pedigrees and great interest in cattle, as well as knowledge of 
 breeders. He had also their confidence. Mr. Coates at once went 
 to work. Sir Henry agreed to defray the expense — ^but, alas, he died 
 the next year, nine months only from this arrangement, when only 
 partial progress had been made. His death delayed the matter, and 
 except that Mr. Coates continued to collect material, there was no 
 advance made. Had Sir Henry lived, the first volume of the Herd 
 Book would have been published years before it was. 
 
 "The matter now rested until the first sale of Robert Colling's 
 cattle in September, 1818. In the evening after the sale the project 
 was revived among the breeders present, who were of course numer- 
 ous. Col. Trotter bringing it up for consideration. As a means of 
 defraying the expenses and giving a guarantee to a publisher, he pro- 
 posed a subscription. A list was prepared and was largely signed 
 there, and by every breeder then present. As the list was not money, 
 no further progress was made for a year and a half. Through the 
 zeal of Mr. Bates, who had deeply entered into the project, an 
 arrangement was made to hold a meeting to consider the subject ; to 
 examine and correct the manuscript pedigrees, and furnish more 
 material. This meeting took place at the King's Head Hotel, Dar- 
 lington. There were present at it, Robert and Charles Colling, Mrs. 
 Charles Colling, Miss Wright of Cleasby, (her father was one of the 
 purchasers of Comet, and she continued her father's breeding after 
 his death,) Mr. Bates, Mr. Mason of Chilton, Mr. Baker of Ellmore, 
 Mr. Whittaker, Mr. Wetherell and Mr. Coates.- Letters had been 
 addressed largely to breeders, requesting information, and replies were 
 obtained giving much material. Mr. Bates had traversed all the 
 
ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH HERD BOOK. 233 
 
 Short-horn region and procured a large number of pedigrees. When 
 the matter in hand was all laid before the meeting, it was clear that 
 there was enough for a good sized volume. The plan of arrange- 
 ment as it appears in the first volume was adopted, and it was decided 
 to publish as speedily as possible. 
 
 "The subscription, started in 1818, had in the ilext year (1819) 
 largely increased. But a subscription was not money, and Mr. Coates 
 was poor. Therefore, Robert Colling and Mr. Whittaker agreed to 
 advance the funds necessary. Robert was still a breeder, for he had 
 sold only a part of his cattle in 1818. But a second death came to 
 stop the enterprise, and in a month from this meeting and financial 
 arrangement, Mr. Robert Colling died on the 7th of March, 1830. 
 Mr. Bates would have advanced the money required, but there were 
 circumstances in his then personal position, not necessary to relate, 
 which prevented. The death of Mr. Colling occasioned another 
 delay, and for two years and more nothing was done toward publica- 
 tion. In 1822, Mr., Whittaker, then a large breeder, proffered to 
 advance himself alone the money necessary to print the first volume, 
 to be repaid out of the subscriptions; but he made it a condition 
 that the book should be printed at Otley, Yorkshire, near Greenholme, 
 where he had his business and residence. Mr. Coates resided at 
 Carlton, near Pontefract, thirty to forty miles from Otley, while the 
 book could have been printed at Pontefract equally well and cheaper. 
 The necessities of the case, in point of money, overruled the con- 
 venience of Mr. Coates, and the book was put into the hands, of Mr. 
 Walker, printer at Otley. It appeared in the autumn of 1822. The 
 subscribers numbered four hundred and fifty-five, and the subscrip- 
 tions were five hundred and five, at a guinea each, or $2,580. These 
 were paid on the delivery of the book, and Mr. Whittaker's advance 
 refunded. Mr. Coates and Mr. Whittaker were always fast friends 
 during life, and Mr. C. was always grateful for the assistance rendered 
 him. And it may be said that all the breeders were kind friends, to 
 him as he was to them. There was always some coolness between Mr. 
 Coates and Mr. Charles Colling, from the period of Mr. Colling's 
 success over Mr. Coates in the Shows of the Agricultural Society of 
 Durham. And this would not have been mentioned here, but that 
 their relations were said to have influenced Mr. C. Colling adversely 
 in giving Mr. Coates information for his Herd Book, and Mr. Coates 
 so believed. There was some sale beyond the subscriptions, but the 
 surplus of receipts above the expenses of publication afforded no 
 remuneration for Mr. Coates's labor, time and expenses through years 
 
234 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 in obtaining material for the book. He was obliged to be much at 
 Otley on expense, when, if the book had been printed at Pontefract 
 his home, or at Doncaster, near it, that would have been avoided 
 But Mr. Coates' great point was gained, for now not only were the 
 Short-horns an established and popular breed, and had long been 
 locally, and were becoming generally, but by his exertions they had a 
 record, and he was proud of it. He now stood their herald, to record 
 their genealogies and blazon their escutcheons and their arms." 
 
 The number of bulls recorded in the first volume of Coates' Herd 
 Book was 710, with about an equal number of cows, a very few of 
 which are noted as having gone to America. The second volume 
 appeared in 1829, seven years after the first, with 891 additional bull 
 pedigrees, and a proportionate number of cows. We also find in 
 Vol. 2, a number of new English breeders, and a few Americans, 
 added to the contributors of pedigrees in the first volume. The 
 third volume, issued in 1836, still seven years later, and in bulk larger 
 than either of its predecessors, represented a considerable increase 
 of breeders, including a number of Americans, with an addition of 
 1,298 bull pedigrees, making the number up to 2,897, and a fair aggre- 
 gate of cows attending them. This third volume, we understand, on 
 the authority just quoted, was issued by a son of Mr. Coates, the 
 elder, and original editor, who had assisted his father in the compi- 
 lation of the two. earlier volumes. Mr. George Coates had died 
 previous to its publication. At seven years later, in 1843, came 
 volume four, with an increase of 3,800 bulls, running their entire 
 number up to 6,700. Volume four contained the pedigrees of bulls 
 only. The next year, 1844, produced volume five, in two parts, con- 
 taining cows only, increasing the whole number of cows up to, proba- 
 bly, 8,000 or more. The three last books comprised about 1,900 
 pages, with a considerable number of American breeders and their 
 cattle pedigrees. The mass of well-bred living Short-horns then in 
 England, Scotland and Ireland, together with many others long dead, 
 belonging to breeders who had neglected to record their herds in the 
 first three volumes, came into the fourth and fifth. Those volumes 
 also contained many American pedigrees of dead as well as living 
 Short-horns, fully satisfied, as both British and American owners were, 
 of the necessity of keeping the lineage of their herds before the pub- 
 lic, and in a permanent depository. 
 
 These five volumes concluded the Herd Book labors of the Coateses 
 — father and son. The proprietorship of the work and compilation of 
 the sixth volume was thereafter transferred to Mr. Henry Strafford, 
 
SHORT PEDIGREES. 235 
 
 who issued it in the year 1846, in the same style and form, mainly, 
 as had been done by the Coateses. The work has since been con- 
 tinned at intervals by Mr. Strafford, down to the year 1871, until the 
 whole number amounts to nineteen volumes, containing 30,347 bulls, 
 with a much larger number of cows. A considerable number of 
 American pedigrees were entered in the successive volumes edited 
 by Mr. Strafford, until a few years ago, when they were no longer 
 admitted, except such as were necessary to give the lineage of British 
 Short-horns descended from American sires or dams, or were ex- 
 ported from America to England. The later volumes of the E. H. B. 
 also contain the pedigrees of most of the native Short-horns which 
 have since been imported from Great Britain into America. 
 
 Short Pedigrees in the English Herd Books. 
 
 We here mention one item connected with the Strafford Herd Book, 
 particularly, which is necessary for the American breeder to under- 
 stand. No female pedigree, except in a few particular instances, is 
 admitted to record in its pages until she has become a breeder, and 
 then only two, three, or (seldom) four of her pedigree crosses are given, 
 with a further reference to the names of either herself or her dam in 
 some previous volume, so that in order to obtain her full pedigree 
 those volumes must be examined. The names of her ''produce," 
 however, are placed in tabular form, with date of birth and name of 
 sire given, that the pedigrees of such produce can, with some extra 
 labor, usually be ascertained. 
 
 We have given the above particular account of the origin and 
 history of the English Herd Book, as a part of the information with 
 which the American breeder should be familiar; but there is still 
 another history with which, in order to a thorough knowledge of the 
 origin and truth of pedigrees, he should be acquainted. 
 
 Were the Early Pedigrees in the English Herd Book all 
 TRUE Short -HORNS? 
 
 The question may here be pertinently asked : " What reliance 
 have we that the names, or the pedigrees recorded in the Coates Herd 
 Books were correct, or that they were true Short-horns .'' " To- this 
 we answer : Nothing, but the veracity of the breeders of the cattle 
 whose names and pedigrees they furnished, and the acceptance of 
 them by their contemporaries who were acquainted with their blood 
 and breeding. To several of those animals we have already alluded. 
 
236 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 In many of the names and pedigrees mutual questions arose among 
 the men who established the book, as to their correctness. Some 
 averred that possible crosses of the Scotch Kyloe or West Highland 
 blood, or that of other breeds had, some generations back, occurred 
 in them. The Dutch, or Holland blood introduction, of which we 
 have previously spoken, (if it had ever occurred, but which it appears 
 was then mostly or altogether ignored,) was not a source of conten- 
 tion. Of Charles CoUing's Grandson of Bolingbroke cross from the 
 Galloway cow, the whole story was then known, and what little there 
 was left of its introduction acquiesced in by the main body of the 
 breeders, as were the pedigrees of all others which could be traced 
 into what were considered good Short-horn herds, be their date either 
 ancient or modern. Yet, much party spirit existed among the Eng- 
 lish breeders, (as now, both in Britain and America,) and sharp contro- 
 versies took place in relation to their various pedigrees; but all 
 disputes were finally reconciled into the admission of the pedigrees 
 recorded in the first, and subsequently into the succeeding volumes 
 of the English Herd Book, so that with few exceptions, from that 
 time to this, they have existed as authority for the lineage of their 
 race. True, individual questions may arise among breeders, in trac- 
 ing pedigrees to a remote source, as to the entire purity of their Short- 
 horn descent ; still, the Herd Book record must ultimately decide the 
 extent of confidence in blood to which the animal in dispute is enti- 
 tled, and no individual opinion or decision can, absolutely, otherwise 
 determifie it. 
 
 Another point in the English Herd Book may here be stated. 
 Four crosses of pedigree bulls running back to what, in England, is 
 considered a Short-horn cow, with but fifteen-sixteenths of recorded 
 ifedigree blood, entitles the animal having that number to a place in 
 its pages. In this age of intelligence where five or six crosses at 
 least in a well-bred English pedigree can easily be obtained, the 
 showing of but three or four gives wide latitude for conjecture and 
 guess-work. The Booths, from grandfather in 1777, to grandsons in 
 187 1, in England, have ever maintained that four crosses of well-bred 
 Herd Book bulls running back to true Short-horn dams (which can 
 readily be found there, as large numbers of such exist which have 
 , not been recorded in the Herd Books to this date) are sufficient to 
 establish thorough breeding. Hardly a single animal of their herds, 
 since they first obtained their original bulls from the Collings, runs 
 back into a cow having an ancient Herd Book pedigree, although they 
 have bred many of the best animals the race has produced, and yet 
 
EARLY ENGLISH HERD BOOK PEDIG REES. ' 237 
 
 their pedigree cattle, both in England and America, are accepted as 
 thprough-bred. We note their practice simply as matter of histor)', 
 not from any doubt of the integrity of their blood. We have no such 
 precedent in America where only the common native cows of the 
 country, or those of some well-bred race other than the Short-horn 
 can be resorted to. Thus, in America, having English Herd Book 
 authority for example, we, as a matter of course, have been constrained 
 to accept all English cattle imported from there as true Short-horns, 
 on good authority that they were so. As such, they are entitled 
 to record in our own Herd Books. Let cavilers say what they may, 
 there can be no fairly disputing the question. As to what degree of 
 confidence such pedigrees may be received by the public, it must be 
 simply a matter of choice, or individual preference for them to either 
 accept or refuse. The pedigree, or history of the animal, is the title 
 to either acceptance or rejection, as best salts one's pleasure or judg- 
 ment. Be it understood, however, that pedigree alone does not deter- 
 mine the excellence, or value of the animal ; its form and other good 
 qualities must confirm, to a greater or less extent, the value of the 
 pedigree ; otherwise a wide misjudgment may be made in the choice. 
 
 Another point — for we may as well canvass the whole question of 
 pedigrees, so far as possible. We have seen it intimated, both in Eng- 
 land and America, by some who may possibly know something about 
 it, and more frequently by those who do not, that there have been 
 divers interpolations in some of the earlier, or even later English 
 pedigrees, some bulls having been omitted that ought to be in, and 
 others inserted which ought to be left out, and thus the pedigrees 
 measurably falsified. That may, or may not be. Of our personal 
 knowledge we can say nothing of the facts ; and in such doubt, we 
 have no authority to decide the matter one way or the other but the 
 Herd Book itself. The pedigrees are in the Herd Book, and being 
 there, and long accepted by the mass of past, as well as living breed- 
 ers, without the most positive evidence to the contrary of what they 
 contain, we have no right to question them. Inferences, innuendoes, 
 and arguments may be advanced indefinitely, but iYity prove nothing. 
 
 Still another point — treating the subject exhaustively while about 
 it. Many people are prone to believe that a long pedigree extending 
 sixty, seventy, or eighty years back, with fifteen or twenty Herd Book 
 crosses in it, is positive evidence of purity, and therefore no ques^ 
 tion can be entertained of its thorough breeding. We shall readily 
 see that such evidence may be of deficient character. Suppose, for 
 instance, we take a daughter of Charles Colling's cow Lady, by 
 
238 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 Grandson of Bolingbroke, the Galloway cross so frequently mentioned. 
 This daughter of Lady had one-sixteenth part of Galloway blood, 
 and she being put to a bull having the same amount of that blood, 
 the produce would contain the same fraction of impurity. Or, 
 let the female produce be put to another bull having even a lesser 
 fraction of the blood — for bulls were used with one-sixteenth, one- 
 thirty-second and one-sixty-fourth part of it, and very much less, 
 in a descending ratio, from that day to this — all of them having a 
 taint of it. We ask how many crosses of that tainted blood will 
 have to be made before it is entirely eradicated? We shall not 
 undertake to compute it, and yet to settle the fact, a month's labor 
 or more may have to be exhausted in finding it out ; while half the 
 number of crosses in some other animal may carry a pedigree back 
 into its original parents without finding the most distant taint of any 
 other than pure Short-horn blood. We mention this without preju- 
 dice to the tainted pedigree, but only to show that its value must be 
 judged by the qualities of the animals through which it has run as 
 well as its length, or the number of pure crosses it contains. 
 
 To further elucidate the matter of blood, let us reckon the de- 
 grees of impurity in the number of crosses a pedigree may contain, 
 by taking a continuation of descent from well-bred Short-horn bulls 
 and a common cow, or one of other blood. The 
 
 1st cross 
 
 2d 
 
 3d 
 
 4th 
 
 5th 
 
 6th 
 
 7th 
 
 8th 
 
 9th 
 
 loth 
 
 nth 
 
 I2th 
 
 13th 
 
 14th 
 
 15th 
 
 i6th 
 
 gives . 
 
 1-2 
 
 blood Short-horn 
 
 3-4 
 
 " 
 
 11 
 
 7-8 
 
 11 
 
 f( 
 
 15-16 
 
 14 
 
 (( 
 
 31-32 
 
 (( 
 
 (C 
 
 63-64 
 
 1* 
 
 C( 
 
 127-128 
 
 1« 
 
 (C 
 
 255-256 
 
 (« 
 
 (1 
 
 511-512 
 
 l( 
 
 u 
 
 1023-1024 
 
 11 
 
 tt 
 
 2047-2048 
 
 " 
 
 It 
 
 4095-4096 
 
 «l 
 
 It 
 
 8191-8192 
 
 11 
 
 (( 
 
 16383-16384 
 
 CI 
 
 ■& 
 
 32767-32768 
 
 " 
 
 *( 
 
 65535-65536 
 
 [| 
 
 CI 
 
 So, this sixteenth cross contains 1-65536 fraction of impure to all the 
 other parts of good blood. How much damage, let us ask, in ordi- 
 nary probability, will that do the creature possessing it ? And yet the 
 bull or cow possessing this 1-65536 part of impure blood, according to 
 
THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. V39 
 
 the natural law of descent may, by an extreme chance, either beget 01 
 produce an offspring which may show in some one feature, or even 
 more, a cropping out of its impurity — a remote chance, indeed. Still, 
 an animal without the least taint of impure blood in its veins is better ; 
 but to ascertain that fact, to a certainty, may be pronounced a sheer 
 impossibility when we consider the various authorities on which the 
 English pedigrees have from time to time been founded. 
 
 We do not give the above scale, or analysis of approach to pure 
 blood, as an encouragement to grade or impure breeding, but to 
 demonstrate the almost impossibility of tracing pure breeding back 
 to a period in which a remote taint of outside blood may not have 
 crept into the veins of an animal, or a tribe of animals, which have 
 always passed for thorough-bred, both before and since the year 1822, 
 when the first Herd Book was established. We have made the anal- 
 ysis also to demonstrate the injustice of condemning an animal 
 having a remote taint of impure blood far away back in its English 
 lineage where its pedigree has been admitted into the Herd Books of 
 that country, even when such remote taint can be traced; and we 
 may assert the injustice also of denying purity of blood to animals 
 imported into America without pedigrees at all, both before and 
 since the 'English Herd Book was estabHshed, such animals being 
 certified by creditable breeders' evidence that they were good Short- 
 horns. The names of such originally non-pedigreed animals and 
 their produce have been sent back to England for record in the Herd 
 Books there, and they have been accepted and recorded as Short- 
 horns; whether right or wrong, in all individual instances, we do not 
 decide — ^but there we find them. A short pedigree of but four or five 
 crosses, even at the present day, appears to have no terror to Eng- 
 lish breeders, as we find ' bulls recorded, by name only, as late as the 
 year 1843, in Vol. 4, by Coates, and in Vols. 6 and 7, in 1846 and 
 1847, by Mr. Strafford. We also find many bulls in the continuous 
 volumes down to the 19th, published in 1871, which have only two, 
 three, or four knmvn crosses in their pedigrees, and no one, either 
 in England or America, appears to question the integrity of their 
 blood as legitimately belonging to the Short-horn race. 
 
240 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The American Herd Book. 
 
 Having compiled and edited the first volume of this work in the 
 year 1846, and its successive volumes to the eleventh, inclusive, down 
 to the year 1872, we purpose to give a brief notice of its beginning 
 ind after continuance. 
 
 Although we had seen a few herds in previous years, we began breed- 
 ing Short-horns in 1833, when our first experimeniala.cqusimta.nce was 
 made with them. The importation of Mr. Dun into Kentucky in 1833, 
 and the Scioto valley importation into Ohio in 1834, spread the Western 
 reputation of the Short-horns more widely than any others which had 
 preceded them, and the arrivals which annually followed, for several 
 years continuously, rapidly increased it. The produce of these im- 
 portations added to the produce of previous introductions in other 
 States, brought out many new pedigrees. The inconvenience and 
 difficulty of sending these American pedigrees to England for record, 
 as well as the importance of having a registry nearer home, suggested 
 to our consideration some time afterwards the policy of establishing 
 an American Herd Book. We had occasional conversations with 
 leading breeders of New York on the subject as early as the year 
 1843, and also at different times with breeders in other States, and 
 endeavored to enlist them into taking a part in its compilation. But 
 little confidence, however, was expressed in either the possibility or 
 success of such an undertaking, if attempted. Yet impelled by the 
 growing conviction that such a work must of necessity ultimately 
 come, in the year 1845 we ventured to send out a prospectus for the 
 contribution of pedigrees, and assume the compilation of a pioneer 
 volume, as an experiment, if nothing more. Although the prospec- 
 tus was sent to every then known Short-horn breeder in the country, 
 but few responded to it. Some considered it an act of assumption 
 for one on this side the Atlantic to attempt an American Herd Book, 
 when England had one already established to which the American 
 breeders, equally with its own, had access for their records. Another 
 discouraging obstacle was in the way: Short-horns were then very 
 low in value in this county, as they also were and had been for some 
 years past in England. Sales were few, and many breeders felt indif- 
 ferent either to the propagation of their stock, or recording their 
 pedigrees in a Herd Book anywhere, much less in the United States. 
 
 Under these adverse circumstances the pedigrees contributed were 
 comparatively few ; yet, under the advice of several zealous breeders 
 whose confidence in the future progress of the Short-horns in our 
 
THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. 241 
 
 country, and in the importance of establishing and maintaining a 
 domestic record was unflagging, a sufficient number of pedigrees were 
 forwarded within a year to venture the compilation of a first volume. 
 Accordingly the work was done and an edition of six hundred copies 
 printed in the year 1846. It was a meagre book at the best, con- 
 taining the records of only 190 bulls, and about 350 cows and 
 heifers, with several names of their produce appended. The sales of 
 copies were so few, that the work resulted pretty much in a dead 
 loss, financially, to say nothing of the time and labor spent upon the 
 compilation. With Such a result, it may well be supposed that a 
 further enterprise of the kind would not be soon attempted. Per- 
 haps 150 copies of the book had been sold within a year from its 
 issue, and the remaining ones were long stored away in our garret, 
 ultimately, as we anticipated, to find their way among other waste 
 material to the paper mills. 
 
 In the course of a few years times changed. The year 1852 had 
 awakened a new impulse in American Short-horn progress. That 
 and the succeeding year had brought some new importations into 
 the country, and the spirit in neat stock improvement had become 
 aroused to further progress, importance, and extension. 
 
 Several valuable importations of Short-horns having been made 
 into Kentucky and Ohio during the year 1853, in the succeeding 
 year (1854) many of the spirited breeders in Ohio who had been 
 engaged in late importations, formed an association with a large 
 subscription list for the payment of premiums, and invited the 
 " United States Agricultural Society," then in existence, to hold their 
 annual October meeting at Springfield in that State. The society 
 accepted the invitation ; wide publicity was given to it, premiums of 
 most liberal character were offered in the prize lists (confined chiefly 
 to neat cattle of various breeds), and anticipations were indulged — 
 among the Short-horn breeders more especially — that it would be an 
 event of great interest and gratification, as well as drawing a wide 
 attendance ; and in its result the public were not disappointed. The 
 Kentuckians came over in strong array, both in person and with 
 the choice of their herds. Ohio was " at home," and furnished, as 
 might be supposed, a full qu9ta of her best ckttle, as well as a mul- 
 titude of spectators. Indiana contributed her share of both,; and 
 even New York unexpectedly sent a few of its fine Short-horns 
 and Devons, while the late liberal-hearted Mr. Roswell L. Colt, of 
 Paterson, N. J., some 600 miles away, sent from his home, a nice 
 selection of his unique little Alderneys, which, during some previous 
 16 
 
242 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 years, he had imported and skillfully cultivated. The show of 
 Short-horns was numerous, and unequaled in quality at any previous 
 exhibition which had taken place in the United States, many costly 
 and lately imported ones being on the ground. With a single excep- 
 tion the important prizes were all won and promptly paid. 
 
 During the exhibition a copy of the American Herd Book fell 
 into the hands of Mr. Brutus J. Clay, one among the many liberal 
 and large Short-horn breeders of Kentucky. He had never before 
 seen it. On looking it over, and considering the importance of a 
 continuation of the work, after consulting with several of the larger 
 breeders of his own and other States present, he proposed to its 
 editor the publication of a second volume, with a remunerating price 
 attached to it, and urged its prosecution. With this encouragement 
 the second volume was undertaken, a prospectus circulated, and sev- 
 eral hundred contributors sent their pedigrees for publication. In 
 the year 1855 the Book was issued, with 980 hull pedigrees, added 
 to those of the first volume, making up the whole number to 11 70. 
 In addition to the bulls, a much larger number of cows were recorded, 
 making altogether, with the introductory matter included, a well-sized 
 octavo of about six hundred pages. Thus was promptly established 
 the necessity of an American Herd Book. 
 
 The second volume, it must be recollected, was compiled nine 
 years after the first one of the American, and eleven years after 
 the fourth and fifth volumes of the English Herd Book had been 
 given to the public, in which latter ones the great majority of Amer- 
 ican pedigrees, published in England, either before or since, were 
 recorded. During so long an interregnum the American pedigrees 
 had remained in the private memorandums of their breeders, or if 
 published at all, were only so in the scattered agricultural papers of 
 the day, with no surety that even there the records would be perma- 
 nently kept. Meantime, many breeders had given up and sold out 
 their herds ; others had died, while a considerable majority of them 
 sedulously held on to their stocks, bred them well, kept their pedi- 
 grees correctly, and sent them to the second volume of the American 
 Herd Book for record. 
 
 At that time there were not a dozen ^ull sets of the English Herd 
 Book in America, aside from the few odd volumes, scattered about in 
 the hands of different breeders. It may, therefore, be supposed 
 that a chaotic mass of material was poured into the hands of the 
 editor for examination, compilation, and revision, a labor of most exact- 
 ing kind, involving a great amount of toil and investigation, to say 
 
THE AMERICAN HERD BOOK. 243 
 
 nothing of the patience required in dissecting, patching together, and 
 arranging such promiscuouc and miscellaneous matter into intelligible 
 shape. But, such as it was, the labor was done. It is but justice to 
 say, however, that very many of the pedigrees were made out by their 
 breeders in admirable order, with a spirit of truth and integrity 
 to have them recorded in a manner challenging the most critical 
 investigation ; while others, not familiar with keeping pedigrees, and 
 less methodical in their memoranda, sent in a mass of material incon- 
 gruous in manner, almost illegible in manuscript, and desperate in the 
 hieroglyphics composing the names of their cattle, as well as wrong 
 figures in their numbers. The compilation of these last was truly a 
 job, and such as under no other circumstances would be again under- 
 taken — at least by the compiler of that Herd Book. 
 
 As may be supposed, some errors in name, birth, and genealogy, 
 crept into the work. Still, it was welcomed and encouraged by the 
 breeders, with a furtner wish that it should be continued, and in 1857 
 a third volume was issued, containing 1298 bulls, and a considerably 
 larger number of cows, swelling the whole number of the former to 
 2,468, and several hundred more of the latter. This third volume 
 also contained sixty-eight corrections of errors in the pedigrees of 
 bulls, and about one hundred corrections of errors in the pedigrees 
 of cows that were inserted in the second volume. Many of the errors 
 were, however, of a trivial kind, not seriously affecting the integrity 
 of the pedigrees, while some others were important ; yet, being thus 
 promptly corrected, the lines of their lineage were not affected, the 
 produce being properly recorded in successive volumes ; and thus the 
 work, through varying fortunes, has continued to the publication of 
 its eleventh volume in the year 1872, in all containing more than 
 30,000 pedigrees ; but the issue of the first six volumes never paid 
 the compiler and publisher a penny of pecuniary profit — ^labor and time 
 thrown in. 
 
 We have thus detailed at so much length the history of the Eng- 
 lish and American Herd Books to illustrate the zeal and painstaking 
 labor of the meritorious class of men who, for a century past, have 
 spent their energies to ennoble and improve the valuable race of 
 animals to which their attentions have been devoted ; and not alone 
 for the private gains anticipated in their cultivation, for on the other 
 hand many of the breeders have suffefed large pecuniary sacrifices 
 in their efforts, through various calamities, from one cause or another 
 which they encountered in their herds. 
 
244 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 Progress of Short-horns in America. Have they Improved 
 IN Blood, Quality, or Condition, since their first Impor- 
 tations ? 
 
 To give a short and decisive answer to the above pertinent ques- 
 tion, we say they evidently have improved here, as they also have 
 in England for many years past ; and although we may not speak of 
 English Short-horns exclusively by themselves, yet, as we have received 
 various importations almost annually, of some of their choicest ani- 
 mals for the past twenty years — equally good as any which the breeders 
 retained at home, and many of the best of which have passed under 
 our own observation — we shall speak of them in general, both in that 
 country and in this. 
 
 We have already shown that late in the last century, and in the 
 earlier years of the present, the English Short-horns recorded by 
 name and having pedigrees of their lineage were few, and in the 
 hands of only a limited number of breeders who sedulously culti- 
 vated their better qualities to the highest development which their- 
 perseverance and skill could command. They labored in their 
 praiseworthy vocation for more than forty years before they could 
 even establish a record of their pedigrees, and for more than forty 
 years longer before they could gain a public recognition of the im- 
 portance of such a record, although the cattle were thickly distrib- 
 uted in the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln, 
 as a well-established race. Their reputation had also extended into 
 various adjoining, and even distant counties, both of England, Scot- 
 land, and possibly into Ireland, where many reputable animals had 
 been taken and bred with both skill and profit. 
 
 It may be supposed that during that period of eighty years the 
 great majority of tenant farmers in the original Short-horn region — 
 less active in new enterprises than men of more widely-varied pur- 
 suits — paid some attention to improving the qualities of their herds, 
 when of the Short-horn race, but not so much attention as did the 
 more skillful and thoughtful men whose names we have from 
 
LATER IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHORT-HORNS, 245 
 
 time to time mentioned. As a consequence their cattle were less 
 refined in quality than those which had been more highly cultivated 
 and cherished. Yet, we may presume their herds had been enriched 
 by the use of bulls bought from the early popular breeders, and that 
 they had progressed to a degree of excellence much beyond what 
 they were in the days of their remote, or even immediate, ancestors. 
 The extending increase, by their rapidly growing demand, brought 
 into use many cows, and even bulls of but moderate quality, although 
 of good blood, and from them various herds were bred by their 
 enterprising owners with acceptable pedigrees, which found a record 
 in the Herd Book when once established. 
 
 There were in those early days occasional animals of wonderful 
 quality, with whose history we have become familiar; but such 
 remarkable ones did not abound in every herd, nor were their excel- 
 lences so conspicuous as to give them wide notoriety in the annals of 
 their day. Some of the earlier American importations from England 
 were from the herds of the CoUings, Mason, Wetherell, Maynard, and 
 other distinguished breeders of the best cattle of the time ; and also 
 from several other reputable breeders known to possess blood of ex- 
 cellent quality derived from the ancient well-bred stocks. A very im- 
 portant item, however, entered into these earlier importations : they 
 had to be obtained at prices within the limits which the buyers 
 dared venture on a race of cattle whose success was as yet but an,- ex- 
 periment in this country. As a consequence the costliest ones were 
 not purchased and brought to America, but useful, good animals 
 of approved blood and pedigrees, such as would stamp their better 
 qualities on the common classes of our native stock, and satisfac- 
 torily propagate their kind with each other. These animals were, 
 no doubt, a full average in quality to the stocks of the reputable 
 Short-horn breeders in England at the times they were imported. 
 Favorites, Comets, and their like, were then not common there. Nor 
 have bulls of the very highest distinction, been common there since; 
 but we venture the assertion that there have been as good bulls bred 
 both in England and America since their day as was even Comet; 
 yet Dukes of Northumberland and Commanders-in-Chief, in all their 
 striking perfections, may only crop out once in a series of years, 
 while many others equally meritorious in all essential qualities may 
 be, and are produced now-a-days, both in England and America 
 during every successive year. 
 
 Although some excellent, even extraordinarily good Short-horns had 
 been imported from time to time into America from England ainong 
 
246 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 the earlier ones, their produce have been improving^ ever since with 
 the American breeders. We venture the assertion that our American 
 average is fully equal in their general qualities to the English. 
 Those of forty, or even thirty years ago, as a rule, were inferior to 
 what they are now. We remember many of the imported ones, and 
 their looks are yet as familiar to our mind, as they were to our eye 
 at the time we saw them. Their handling was less elastic ; although 
 their heads and necks were good, their chests were not so broad and 
 deep ; their shoulders less expanded and smooth ; their crops more 
 depressed, and they exhibited a less full and graceful outline gen- 
 erally. Their defects were more strikCg, and what should comprise 
 their chief excellences were not so fully developed as now. We 
 -might name sundry animals, bulls and cows, with which we were 
 familiarly acquainted, winning first prizes in the annual exhibitions of 
 Agricultural Societies, twenty-five years ago, which no owner of such 
 as they would now venture to lead into a show ring ; and still, de- 
 scendants of those animals at the present time take the highest honors ; 
 but they do so with fresher and costlier strains of blood in their 
 veins, and by a more skillful attention being paid to their breeding 
 than formerly. Our American breeders have within the past thirty 
 years acquired more skill in the propagation of their herds, and as a 
 consequence improved their stock in a corresponding degree. They are 
 better judges of the qualities of animals than were the breeders of fifty, 
 forty, or even less years ago ; yet the older breeders were deserving 
 great credit for their efforts, for they had it all to learn, while their suc- 
 cessors have had the benefit of their experience and judgment, so far 
 as they had acquired it. Added to these advantages, the later breed- 
 ers have, with a wise foresight, opened their purses and bought animals 
 at prices which in the days of the earlier ones would have been 
 deemed ruinous, so far as any returns for their outlays could be 
 expected. Such, also, has been the experience in England. Although 
 Comet brought $5,000 at Charles Ceiling's sale in the year 1810, bulls 
 and heifers equally thorough-bred and begotten by his own sire, 
 sold for less than a fou. th of his price. The price paid for Comet 
 was said all over England to be extravagant, and such a sum for a 
 bull was never again reached, so far as we can find, until more than 
 forty years later, when Mr. Thome, of New York, bought Grand Duke, 
 and 2d Grand Duke, descendants of Comet, at the same bold, and as 
 then considered, exhorbitant prices. One or more bulls have since 
 been sold in England for Australia at still higher figures ($7,500 for 
 one, if we recollect aright), while some remarkable cows have been 
 
LATER IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHORT-HORNS. 247 
 
 purchased at prices of about $5,000 or more each, to come to 
 America, or go to Australia. 
 
 In these enumerations we do not mention the fabulous sums — much 
 higher than either of those we have mentioned — which Mr. Bates is 
 said to have refused for his Duke of Northumberland, as he had 
 many times declared that no price from any other party would obtain 
 him. Three to even six thousand dollars each have been paid by 
 American breeders for several American-bred bulls, mainly, or par- 
 tially of the same blood as those above mentioned. 
 
 Still, pedigree has not altogether made those prices. The animals 
 so sold have possessed the highest excellence of quality, superadded. 
 The excellence endorsed the pedigree, and the pedigree endorsed the excel- 
 lence. Such mutualities of character make up the maximum of worth 
 in all blood animals whatever, where the highest points of perfection 
 are sought, or found. Another item should be understood when 
 naming the prices of such animals : there is a fashion in their blood. 
 No matter whether the fashion give such real increased value or not. 
 When men take a fancy to a thing, be it Short-horn, Horse, or any 
 thing else, if their purses can afford it, they are quite apt to indulge 
 in the luxury of its possession. We could name animals, were we so 
 disposed, which thirty years ago one would pass, without notice, 
 only that they were Short-homs, yet descended from irhported ani- 
 mals, with good pedigrees, so run down by neglect as to look not 
 worth a hundred dollars each. But taken in hand by good breeders, 
 and crossing first-class bulls on them and their produce, in two or 
 three generations they were raised to rank in show competitions with 
 some of the costliest of recent importations. The purchasers of 
 those neglected and inferior animals saw in their pedigrees that good 
 blood was there, and believing in the integrity oi good pedigree: to rest 
 upon, and that proper care and keep would restore the excellence that 
 ought to be in the creature, they applied the means, and succeeded. 
 
 The fact that our American, as well as the current English herds, 
 have been improved within the last forty or fifty years, to a higher 
 standard of average excellence than they ever before approached, 
 has been questioned by those who say the Short-horns, as a race, are 
 no better than they were in the days of the Collings or Maynard, 
 the elder Booth or Mason. That the old breeders had some remark- 
 ably good animals in their herds there can be no doubt ; but all the 
 testimony we have found has shown a continuous improvement from 
 their days down to the present ; and in *the history we have of their 
 herds from other breeders of the time when the points of their 
 
248 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 animals were closely criticised, their defects were such as would exclude 
 most of them from a modern English or American prize-ring. That 
 the American Short-horns have constantly improved in excellence 
 within the last thirty years, ^and that the average quality of our herds, 
 where skill and care have been bestowed upon them, is now higher 
 than at any previous period, is a fact beyond contradiction in the 
 judgment of accurate observers. 
 
 The Qualities of Pedigrees — Their Titles to Record in the 
 
 Herd Books. 
 
 In our history of the English Herd Book we have learned how 
 its pedigrees were originally gathered and admitted to record. We 
 have seen, too, the lack of certainty attending the genealogy of 
 many animals therein registered. The histories and pedigrees of 
 known animals recorded in the first volume, of the year 1822, had 
 been accumulating in the written memoranda, and also in the mem- 
 ories of men, (a good deal of the latter by tradition only,) for more 
 than eighty years. 
 
 It is not necessary to repeat the circumstances under which the 
 early pedigrees were admitted into the first Herd Book, nor that the 
 same course of admission was pursued in the succeeding volumes 
 edited by the Coateses, father and son, for the next twenty-two years, 
 until 1844, when the labors of the son terminated with the close of 
 the fifth volume. Down to the latter time the five volumes comprised 
 a large majority, probably, of the pedigrees of the British breeders, 
 and in addition to them many American pedigrees which their breed- 
 ers had transmitted across the ocean for record. Yet it iriust be 
 known that a considerable number of American breeders who had 
 just as well bred cattle at home, and with just as good pedigrees as 
 many that were transmitted to the Herd Book, did not send their 
 pedigrees forward, and as a consequence they were not recorded 
 in the English volumes. The rule of admission adopted by the 
 Coateses appear to have been that any animals showing a reasonable 
 evidence of descent from good Short-horn blood were entitled to 
 record in the same manner that blooded horses were admitted to the 
 "Stud Book;" that is, showing a large preponderance of thorough 
 breeding without a known infusion of baser or foreign blocd in their 
 veins. Yet there were some exceptions to this rule, as we have seen ; 
 still in the contrarieties of opinion — some of that opinion based on 
 certain knowledge, and some of it not — as well as in the different 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 249 
 
 private interests and partisan feeling which existed among many of 
 the breeders, and partialities in favor of particular strains of blood, 
 and equal prejudices against others, perhaps hardly a single breeder 
 could be found vi^ho would say that the Herd Book was correct in all 
 the particulars of its pedigrees. There were fault-finders then, as 
 well as now, and some who would be content with nothing lyhich did 
 not comport with their own ideas of positive correctness. Amid 
 such contrariety of opinion, therefore, the only conclusion could be 
 to accept the records as mainly correct, each contributor being satis- 
 fied in his Own mind that his own pedigrees ijere quite as good, if 
 not better than the average of his neighbors. 
 
 The fact may be also understood that the first Herd Book con- 
 tained only a small minority of the well-bred cattle which had existed 
 for the past fifty years ; neither did it embrace anything like the full 
 number of well-bred Short-horns alive at the time of its publication. 
 For instance: Charles Colling had but 59 of all the animals he ever 
 bred recorded in it, although in his thirty years of breeding he had 
 probably bred and sold some hundreds of thorough-breds, and left 
 breeding twelve years before the book was printed. Robert Colling, 
 who bred cattle down to two years of its publication had only 93 of 
 all his extensive herds recorded. The three, Booths, Thomas, John 
 and Richard — father and sons — then in the full career of their 
 breeding, had but 52; Major Bower had .56; Mr. Coates had 42; 
 Mr. Compton had 19 ; Mr. Currier 20 ; Mr. Donkin 15 ; Mr. Earn- 
 shaw 18; Mr. Gibson 47; Mr. Hutchinson, of Stockton, 54; Sir 
 Henry Carr Ibbetson 28; the two Joblings 30; Mr. Mason 77; the 
 three Maynards 15; Col. Mellish 30; Mr. Ostler 18; Mr. Parker 20; 
 Mr. Parrington 15 ; Mr. Robertson 23 ; Major Rudd 35 ; Mr. Sey- 
 mour 18 ; Mr. Simpson 60 ; Mr. Smith 44 ; Mr. Spoors 25 ; Sir Henry 
 Vane Tempest 13 ; Mr. Chesterfield 27 ; Col. Trotter 38 ; Mr. Wailes 
 15; Mr; Wetherell 45; Mr. Whittaker 46; Mr. Wright 35; Miss 
 Wright 35 ; and they comprised the chief contributors of pedigrees, 
 and were all old breeders. The remainder of pedigrees which the 
 book contained were contributed by the smaller breeders, besides 
 very many animals known by name and tradition only, with no Ijreed- 
 er's or owner's name appended to them. Such a record, with much 
 of it so loosely made up, would be utterly condemned at the present 
 day by some who suppose that a well-bred Short-horn should carry 
 its pedigree back for centuries; but others who know that a geneal- 
 ogy among brute animals must begin at sometime " when the memory 
 of man runneth not to the contrary," will be content to accept the 
 
2SO HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 dates and pedigrees of the Short-horns as they stand in Coates' five 
 volumes, and there leave them. 
 
 It may be supposed that the several men engaged in breeding had 
 sold during the anterior years of their labors a large number of well- 
 bred Short-horns, which had not found their way into the first, nor 
 afterwards into either the second or third volumes of the Herd Book ; 
 but many of them, and the produce of two or three of their descend- 
 ing generations, may have come into the fourth and fifth, which in the 
 year 1844, at the end of twenty-two years from the publication of the 
 first, embraced an addition of 3,802 bulls, and full as many cows, thus 
 gathering during the last seven years since volume three was printed 
 a large majority of the well-bred Short-horns of England, Scotland 
 and Ireland, entitled to record, besides many additional American 
 pedigrees beyond what were recorded in the previous books. 
 
 The fourth volume, containing only bulls, like the first, second and 
 third, had many animals by name simply, some with only a sire, 
 others with but a single sire and dam ; many more with not over two 
 or three known crosses, and a large number of them without notice 
 by whom they were bred, or when they were born — whether in the 
 last century or the present — thus gathering the known animals of the 
 race under one legitimate fountain-head where their future pro- 
 duce could be traced into a common genealogy of blood, whether 
 that blood could be definitely traced further back into pure sources, 
 or not. In this general "consolidation" — to use a comprehensive 
 phrase of the present day — the British Short-horn public at large 
 acquiesced and were satisfied. With a very few noted exceptions, 
 everything recorded there was considered by the general consent of 
 English breeders a " Herd Book Short-horn," and as such, its pro- 
 duce was entitled to record in any and every future Herd Book 
 which should be anywhere published. 
 
 To an antiquarian in Short-horn genealogy the above summary 
 may seem to arrive at both a sweeping and arbitrary conclusion. 
 Yet the breeding world of Great Britain sustained it, and followed 
 out their own pedigrees in pursuance of the then established records 
 from which there has been little or no appeal; or if appeal were 
 made it was only in personal complaints, to which the breeding pub- 
 lic paid no particular attention, falling back on the Herd Book 
 record, after all, as the standard of blood and genealogy, there being 
 no appellate court to set the records aside. 
 
 The sixth volume of the Herd Book, under Mr. Strafford's com- 
 pilation, followed the fifth volume of Coates' within the next two 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 251 
 
 years, in 1846, and under the same order and system of record the 
 successive volumes have continued at intervals of about two years 
 down to the nineteenth, issued in 187 1. Yet the non-Tpedigieed 
 animals became fewer as time progressed ; but short pedigrees, with 
 only two, three, or four crosses have been continued down and even 
 into the last volume. A word as to why these short pedigrees have 
 been, and also may in future volumes be so continued. It is well 
 known in England, and ought to be as well known in America, that 
 many herds of well-bred Short-horns exist at the present day in 
 Britain, the owners of which have never kept written records of their 
 breeding, and whose pedigrees have never found their way into the 
 Herd Books. We give an instance : When Mr. John R. Page, the 
 well-known American cattle artist, was in England a few years ago, 
 looking over Mr. T. C. Booth's herd with him one day in their pas- 
 ture, he remarked somewhat on the short pedigrees to some of the 
 cattle which Mr. Booth, as well as other breeders of celebrity had 
 in their herds. " Look out on yonder field," said Mr. Booth, point- 
 ing to a broad pasture on a hill some half a mile distant where 
 were grazing a fine herd of Short-horns ; " do you see those cattle .' " 
 "I do," answered Mr. Page. "Well, sir, the owner of that herd 
 is an old dairyman and stock raiser. I have known him, his herd 
 and their history, from my boyhood. His father bred the progeni- 
 tors of that herd which were good Short-horns in the days of my 
 grandfather, Thomas Booth, in the year 1780, and the cows have 
 been bred from that day to the present time to bulls belonging to 
 him, my own father, my uncle Richard, and myself. Why are they 
 not good Short-horns, although a pedigree beyond two or three 
 crosses cannot be traced among them 1 " Mr. A. B. Allen, of New 
 York, related to us that when in England in the year 1841, he saw 
 several herds of good Short-horns, which had been long bred in the 
 same manner to noted bulls of other breeders. 
 
 We do not give the above relations to excuse the neglect of 
 recording pedigrees, or to justify short pedigrees which cannot be 
 traced into thorough-bred Herd Book parents on both sides ; but as a 
 fact showing that there are men in England. who are as careful in 
 the blood of their cattle bred only for economical uses as those who 
 rear their stock for the sale of pedigree animals alone ; but not breed- 
 ing for the latter purpose they pay no attention to recording theii 
 cattle in the Herd Book. And this may account for many of the 
 short pedigrees of the present day in some English herds, together 
 with many which have been imported to the United States within 
 
252 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 the last forty or fifty years, with little or no pedigree at all attached 
 to them. 
 
 The above explanations have appeared to be necessary in order to 
 understand the exact condition of the English Herd Book, and the 
 principles on which it was founded. 
 
 The Pedigrees of the American Herd Book. 
 
 Assuming the necessity of a Herd Book on this side the Atlantic, 
 there could be no other plan so well adopted for its compilation as 
 that of the English. To the records of the latter the Americans 
 must resort for the lineage of all their pedigrees tracing to animals 
 which found a place in it. In addition to that, Short-horns imported 
 from England to America, together with their descendants, whether 
 recorded in the English volumes or not, with equal evidetues of good 
 breeding as very many others which were recorded in their pages, had 
 equally good title to enter the American books, particularly when 
 many of their contemporaries had already found a record there. 
 
 As has been observed, the year 1844 closed the labors of the 
 Coateses with the fifth volume of the English work, and the several 
 books down to that time contained many pedigrees of American 
 cattle. In the year 1846 the first small volume of the American, 
 and the sixth volume of the English, under Mr. Strafford, were simul- 
 taneously published, but neither of them, we believe, known to the 
 compiler of the other, at the time. Of course the two books, or 
 their editors, had no relations with each other. The American was 
 an independent work altogether. Its sole object was to establish 
 a record for American-hxtd animals, without interference with either 
 the past or the future English records, yet upon the same basis of 
 admission. 
 
 Questions had arisen among the American breeders as to what 
 bloods, tribes, or pedigrees ought to be admitted into an American 
 book in the event of one being published, for even in the early days 
 of our Short-horn breeding some partisan feeling had arisen as to 
 what pedigrees were or what were not entitled to a record as well- 
 bred Short-horns. About the year 1840, or soon afterwards, as we 
 have learned, the principal Kentucky breeders came to a resolu- 
 tion to get up an American Herd Book, and Capt. Benjamin Warfield 
 of Fayette, now deceased, together with Dr. Samuel D. Martin, of 
 Clark, and Mr. Robert W. Scott, of Franklin counties — the two last 
 named gentlemen still living — were appointed a committee to receive 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 253 
 
 pedigrees, examine and decide upon their merits and compile the 
 records. Many pedigrees were sent to them ; they had several meet- 
 ings on the subject, but after much consideration the whole matter 
 was indefinitely postponed, and nothing came of it. Nor was it 
 likely that any other committee would arrive at any definite conclu- 
 sions, particularly when conflicting opinions, and possibly interests in 
 the way of blood and pedigrees would interfere. Thus the way was 
 left open to individual enterprise, and insignificant as its first effort 
 promised, the opportunity was ventured. 
 
 Opposing questions, if such existed, relating to the authenticity of 
 the pedigrees to be admitted to its pages did not enter into the com- 
 pilation of the first volume, although many of the elder breeders in 
 several States were consulted. But when the second volume was 
 about to be issued, questions were addressed to them, and the gist of 
 their opinions seemed to be reached in a letter from the late Rev. Dr. 
 Breckenridge, of Danville, Ky., who, aside from his professional 
 labors, was a veteran breeder of Short-horns and other improved 
 stock in Kentucky, to the editor, in which he remarked : 
 
 "I think you act wisely in accepting all pedigrees which run 
 back into the English Herd Books ; for, right or wrong, that is the 
 fountain of the genealogy of the race at present. But, having taken 
 that apparently inevitable step, it seems to be impossible to refuse to 
 take the next, necessitated by that one, namely, to accept all Ameri- 
 can pedigrees as good as the average pedigrees of the English Herd 
 Book. These two principles cover the whole ground ; and all the 
 rest is merely a question of truth in the alleged pedigrees, concern- 
 ing which, unless the contrary appears, you cannot well avoid recog- 
 nizing the truth of pedigrees that on their face appear to be true. 
 
 " After all, a Herd Book is but a record office. It can neither settle 
 the quality nor the title of the estate admitted to record." 
 
 These remarks, so full of sound logic and good sense, were adopted 
 by the editor, and pedigrees admitted to the English Herd Book were 
 taken as a standard for the future records of the American work. 
 
 Looking at the condition of the American herds and their pedi- 
 grees, let us see how they stood. The early Kentucky and Ohio Short- 
 horn herds had been chiefly founded, first on the Gough or Goff and 
 Miller, or Patton stock, and afterwards commingled with the Sanders 
 importation of 1817, all of them without known pedigrees, as no 
 English Herd Book had then been published; but the 1817's were 
 certified in their bills of purchase to be well-bred Short-horns. Many 
 of the female produce of these herds, after the year 1826, were bred 
 
254 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 to recorded bulls from the imported herds of Colonel Powel and 
 others, from the Eastern States, and the pedigrees of many of 
 their progeny had been accepted and recorded in the fourth and fifth 
 volumes of the English Herd Book, together with some of the orig- 
 inals from which they sprung. That there may be no misunderstand- 
 ing of the matter we give a list of some of the bulls of the Patton 
 and 1817 stocks and other originally fu>n--pedigreed ones recorded 
 there, to which we might add an equal or larger number of cows of 
 like quality and pedigree also recorded. They are as follows, the 
 numbers of the bulls attached. The words after the numbers are 
 our own : 
 
 Florian (6018), bred by C. N. Bement, Albany, N. Y., running back 
 to the Cox importation of 1816. 
 
 Paul Jones (4661), got by San Martin (2599), out of Mrs. Motte, 
 Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Tecumseh (5409), was of the Ky. imp. of 1817, by Col. Sanders. 
 San Martin (2599), Ky. imp. 1817, by Col. Sanders. 
 Corwin (3500), bred by M. L. Sullivant, ending in imp. dam Flora, 
 bred by Mr. Mason, of Chilton. 
 
 Embassador (37 n), a Hereford bull, imported by Henry Clay 
 into Kentucky in the year 1816. 
 
 Rising Sun (6386), a Long-horn bull, imported by Col. Sanders 
 into Kentucky in 181 7. 
 
 Independence (4070), got by Ajax (2944), no dam, bred by Gen 
 Van Rensselaer, Albany, N. Y., although known to be descended 
 from imp. Pansy, by Blaize (76), etc. 
 
 Shannon (511 1), ending in Flora, same as Corwin, above. 
 
 Buzzard (3253), of the Gough and Miller Virginia importation in 
 the year 1785, or soon afterwards. 
 
 Charles (3344), of Ky. imp. 1817, ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Chieftain (3369), ending in the Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Clarke (3394), ending in the Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Fantastical (3760), ending in Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Farmer (3763), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Goldfinder (3909), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Harrison (3979), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Kleber (4165), ending in a son of Rising Sun (6386), and the 
 Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 18 17. 
 
 Lannes (4182), ending in the Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Lofty (4245), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Major (4340), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 255 
 
 Mohawk (4492), by Tecumseh (5409), out of Mrs. Motte, both of 
 Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Mohican (4493), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Priam ('4762), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Ranter (4781), ending in the Teeswater cow. 
 
 Rufus (5034), ending in the Teeswater cow 
 
 Sambo (5073), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Sir IJenry (5158), ending in the Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817, 
 
 Superior (5359), ending in saipe as Kleber (4165). 
 
 Andrew (5755), ending in Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Billy Button (5795), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Goldbud (6042), ending in Teeswater cow, Ky. imp. 1817. 
 
 Indian Chief (6090), ending in Durham cow, Ky. imp. 1817 
 
 Sultan (6552), ending in Buzzard (3253). 
 
 Winfield (6687), ending in Teeswater cow. 
 
 Wonder (6689), ending in Teeswater cow. 
 
 There are carpers knowing little of the subject, as we infer after 
 reading some of their criticisms, who profess to detect sundry grade 
 or spurious pedigrees in the American volumes, (a few cases of which 
 may possibly be so,) and besides them, condemn in one sweeping 
 clause the pedigrees of the descendants of the " Patton stock," and 
 also those of the Kentucky importation of 1817, together with sundry 
 others, of which they know quite as little as they do of them. 
 
 Let us look somewhat into these animals and their asserted qual- 
 ities. The true blood of the Patton stock, we admit, is somewhat 
 cloudy in its origin. But we give the evidence of many of the 
 venerable leading breeders of past days, some of whom years 
 ago passed away, while others are still living. Among the de- 
 ceased were Col. Lewis Sanders, the importer of the 1817 stock; the 
 brothers Dr. Elisha and Capt. Beftjamin Warfield, Capt. John Cun- 
 ningham, Mr. Walter Dun, Dr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, together 
 with Gov. Allen Trimble and Mr. George Renick, of Ohio. There 
 were others, also deceased, not now recollected. To these we add the 
 names of the venerables Robert W. Scott, Samuefl D. Martin, Jere- 
 miah Duncan, Rev. John Allen Gano, Rev. R. T. Dillard, B. W. 
 and B. T. Dudley, Issacher Fisher, Micajah Burnett, of the United 
 Society of Shakers at Pleasant Hill, together with Ithamer Johnson 
 and Peter Boyd, of the Society of Shakers, Union Village, Ohio, still 
 living. Several of the above named gentlemen, now dead, we per- 
 sonally knew years ago ; some of the others yet alive we are well 
 acquainted with, and they who knew the animals, without difference 
 
256 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 of opinion, have assured us that the early Patton bulls — Buzzard 
 (3253); Pluto, 825 ; Mars, 1850; and Shaker, 2193 — taken into Ken- 
 tucky and Ohio, had the appearance and characteristics of Short- 
 horns, and good ones; while those of the well-known Kentucky 
 importation of 1817 — bulls and cows alike — were, to all appearance, 
 true Short-horns, showing purity of blood, with the distinguishing 
 qualities of good breeding, which mark the race at the present day. 
 Yet these animals had no written pedigrees, being sent out of Eng- 
 land years before a Herd Book was known in that country, and what 
 genealogy they had was only kept in the private notes or memoranda 
 of their breeders, or retained in their memories, or by tradition, 
 except that of the cow Mrs. Motte, whose pedigree has since 
 been traced in our previous account of the particulars of the 1817 
 importation. 
 
 We are not disposed to argue the question of the purity of Short- 
 horn descent in all or any one of these animals, nor of any others which 
 have come into the country claiming to be well-bred Short-horns, but 
 without certified pedigrees. We purpose to calmly and plainly state 
 facts, so far as we have been able to obtain them. We are aware that 
 of late there has grown up a prejudice against the blood of the above 
 named tribes of cattle — right or wrong, we do not decide, yet we 
 believe very much of that prejudice to be unfounded. 
 
 Let us state the case clearly. When the Patton bulls came into 
 Kentucky, although the blue-grass region at that early day had herds 
 of good native cattle, they were at once recognized as a superior 
 breed to any ever before seen in that locality, and were immediately 
 adopted and encouraged for use in breeding by the most sagacious 
 of the cattle breeders there. In course of time came the 181 7 im- 
 portation of Col. Sanders. They were represented as without taint 
 or blemish of outside blood in their compositions; as true Short- 
 horns from near the river Tees, the ancient, and then best known 
 home of the race. That was five years before the name of a public 
 Herd Book was known in that or any other country. The enter- 
 prising cattle breeders of Kentucky at once adopted them, as well as 
 the Hereford bull Embassador, and the Long-horn bull Rising Sun, 
 which were both of good and ancient established breeds, and down 
 to the present day are held in high estimation in England. These 
 two bulls were not much used, the Short-horns having a decided 
 preference with the principal breeders, and after some crosses on the 
 Short-horns they soon run out, leaving but few visible traces of their 
 blood among them. This course of breeding continued several 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES. 257 
 
 years, and until bulls were bought from Col. Powel, of Philadelphia, 
 who had begun his Short-horn importations in the year 1824, two 
 years after the first English Herd Book was issued, wherein the 
 pedigrees of his stock were recorded. 
 
 Philadelphia and Baltimore for many years had been the principal, 
 perhaps the only markets at which the Kentucky and central Ohio 
 breeders and drovers sold their best beef cattle, and they soon found 
 and saw the newly imported Short-horns. Ascertaining that some 
 of them were for sale, they wisely opened their purses and obtained 
 a few choice ones — ^buUs to cross upon their Patton and 18 17 bloods, 
 and cows to rear from them younger and equally pure blooded ones 
 with which to perpetuate their stocks. From that time forward 
 the Kentucky, and such of the Ohio breeders as had adopted them, 
 throve apace with their herds, exhibited them at their domestic cattle 
 shows, took prizes in competition with each other, and sold their 
 surplus animals to their neighbors, and into other States, gave them 
 pedigrees, truly, no doubt, yet the great majority of them ending it 
 the " Durham cow," the " Teeswater cow," " Mrs. Motte," or with the 
 bulls Buzzard, Pluto, Mars, Shaker, of the Patton stock, with the other 
 names of San Martin (2599), Tecumseh (5409), Comet, and Prince 
 Regent (of 1817), occurring in more or less of the pedigrees.* Thus 
 the Patton, the Sanders importation of 1817, and the later Powel stocks 
 were all intermingled in the general class of Short-horns, and many 
 of their pedigrees sent over to the successive volumes of the English 
 Herd Book for record, where' they were welcomed and published 
 without reserve or exception. Among them were frequent animals 
 (as related by several of the old breeders who have been mentioned) 
 which would pass creditably in most of the modern herds. Numer- 
 ous descendants of those stocks have been distinguished as prize 
 winners, even down to the present day, in some of the noted show- 
 rings of the Short-horn localities. 
 
 With the array of early animals without known pedigrees, both 
 imported, and American bred, which we find recorded in the English 
 Herd Book, it legitimately follows that the breeders of them and their 
 produce were entitled to a continuation of such pedigrees in the 
 American record ; and equally entitled to admission by the side of 
 them were like pedigrees of animals of other breeders, which had not 
 been sent to England for record. The proposition needs no argument. 
 
 •It is proper to state here that the pedigrees of the bulls Pluto, 825 ; Mars, 1850 j Shaker, 2193 ; 
 Comet, 1382, and Prince Regent, 877, whose numbers are only in the American Herd Boole, were 
 not publicly recorded until the zd and 3d volumes of the latter were published. 
 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 There is still another class of imported non-pedigreed Short-horns, 
 or with but a single cross or two of pedigree attending them, which 
 need a like explanation, as the Pattons and 181 7 's. From the year 
 18 1 6, (in which the Cox importation into Rensselaer county, N. Y., 
 was made,) and during later years, to 1830, sundry Short-horns were 
 brought over from England, to all appearance well bred, and so certi- 
 fied by the breeders' certificates. Some of these and their produce 
 had also been recorded in the English Herd Book, and of course were 
 entitled to record in the American. Cox's bull is (3513), E. H. B. 
 
 Yet a later class bf non-pedigreed cows — or with only a single 
 cross or two attached — have been introduced, beginning in 1834, 
 with the first importation of the Ohio Company, and continued dur- 
 ing the two or three years of their subsequent arrivals. A few such 
 cows came out with other good pedigreed ones to Kentucky in 
 1837-9. Some others were also imported into several of the Eastern , 
 States and there bred. These short, and non-pedigreed ones, were 
 purchased of the same classes of breeders as were the pedigreed 
 cows, and some of them came over in the same ships with them. 
 They were, apparently, equally well bred, showed as well in quality, 
 and the buyers were assured by their English breeders of whom they 
 purchased them that they were thorough-bred Short-horns, although 
 they gave no written evidence of the fact. Why the short, or non- 
 pedigreed cows were bought, when those having good pedigrees 
 could be readily obtained, it is now hard to say. But most of them 
 were accepted by our home breeders in their several localities, on 
 their arrival, as pure Short-horns, their produce have been recorded 
 in the Herd Books, and they stand unquestioned in public opinion 
 as well-bred animals. We do not name the cows alluded to, but 
 they and their produce can be readily found by referring to the 
 records. The same state of facts apply to other cows which were 
 imported a dozen or fifteen years later into several States. On look- 
 ing at the circumstances attending these later non-pedigreed cows of 
 1834 to 1856, and the like circumstances attending the importations 
 of 181 7 to 1830, twenty to thirty odd years earlier, and with equal 
 evidences of good breeding, we fail to discover the equity of reason- 
 ing which makes the produce of the later ones thorough-breds, and 
 leaves the produce of the earlier ones, with several additional and 
 equally good crosses in their veins, oxi\.y grade animals ! All the non- 
 pedigree classes we have named having been admitted to record 
 in the English Herd Book, they could not be excluded from the 
 American record without upsetting the entire system on which the 
 
THE QUALITIES OF PEDIGREES^ 259 
 
 English work had been founded, conducted and sanctioned by the 
 Short-horn pubHc in both hemispheres. 
 
 If later breeders objected to these pedigrees, or had little confi- 
 dence in the blood of the stock which the pedigrees represented, 
 they had only to let them alone, and select their stocks from others 
 more to their liking. It was no detriment to other preferred pedi- 
 grees that the objectionable ones were there. Their supposed inferior 
 blood could not injure the better blood of others, recorded by the 
 side of them. The idea that an impure pedigree being recorded 
 in the Herd Book, makes it pure, is a fallacy of the sheerest kind. 
 Every pedigree rests on its own. merits or demerits, and by such they 
 are to be judged. 
 
 In this discussion of the admission of past pedigrees in the Herd 
 Books, it is not to be inferred that impure-blooded animals, or grades 
 known and understood as such, should be admitted to record. We 
 simply say in conclusion of this particular topic, that the strains of 
 blood which have been admitted into the English Herd Book are 
 equally entitled to admission into the American. The breeder can 
 either include them in his selection or reject them, as his interests or 
 tastes may determine. 
 
 Having summed up at such length the situation of the Herd 
 Books, both English and American, and the question of their pedi- 
 grees, we may not have allayed a single prejudice against any tribes, 
 bloods, or strains of blood which may exist in the minds of any 
 breeders ; nor have we wished to detract from the merits of others to 
 which they may be partial. We have only aimed to relate facts 
 which may enlighten doubting minds, and satisfy hesitating conclu- 
 sions as to certain bloods and genealogies. ' If we have made clear 
 matters which have heretofore been doubtful, our aim has been accom- 
 plished ; if not, we can only regret that our labor has been in vain. 
 
 Fastidious critics may object to the remote taints of Hereford and 
 Long-horn blood which may be traced into some of the early Ken- 
 tucky pedigrees ; but when it is recollected that both these breeds are 
 of ancient descent, and at the present day are highly esteemed in 
 England — preferred, even, in their own localities, to the Short-horns — 
 the i-i28th, i-256th, i-5i2th, or less fraction of these bloods in their 
 veins works no irreparable injury, any more than did the distant taint 
 of Charles Colling's Galloway, or the imputed West Highland crosses 
 of nearly a century ago work a deadly objection to many English 
 Short-horns of their own time. We say this not as advocating these 
 outside crosses ; on the other hand we object to them ; but being 
 
z6o HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 adopted in the English Herd Book, which is our standard authority, 
 they cannot be consistently ruled out of the classification. 
 
 Another thing should be recollected by the breeders who claim 
 that their own herds are untainted by these remotely questionable 
 pedigrees. Their own superior bulls and cows, as they term them, 
 find frequent and some of their best customei-s among the breeders 
 of the 1817 and other early non-pedigreed imported stocks, and there 
 need exist no jealousy on the part of the untainted pedigree breeders 
 that their own bloods are to be cheapened by reason of the others 
 being tolerated. There is room and scope for all in our broad and 
 rapidly developing country, and so long as individual choice in bloods 
 and pedigrees is open to the public, superior merit, both in pedi- 
 gree and quality, will assert its claims in the judgment of all who 
 have an eye to the improvement of their stocks. 
 
 If it be objected against those far-away slightly tainted stocks 
 that they (as may possibly be the case) throw out an occasional 
 progeny betraying the foreign blood, Let it be also understood that 
 an occasional defective product of even the most approved tribes 
 IS also witnessed. It is simply nonsense to assert that even the best 
 of blood will, in every individual instance, breed its own like in its 
 descendants. Animal nature is always exceptional, more or less, in 
 the production of its kind, from humanity itself, down to the lowest 
 grades of domesticated things, and we must submit to results as we 
 find them, doing the best we can, meanwhile, by proper means and 
 care, to promote the most successful issues to our labors. 
 
 Notes on Breeding. 
 
 After the exhaustive, and possibly tiresome historical matter we 
 have recorded, the reader and breeder will hardly expect from us an 
 eSsay on the proper breeding of Short-horns as a basis of instruction 
 to further efforts in the improvement of his stock. Numerous essays 
 have been written, various in theory and opinion — some wisely, and 
 some not — which have been studied by thoughtful physiologists and 
 breeders, frequently with profit, and sometimes without. Our own 
 ideas on this important subject have been given in a work lately 
 issued from the press, entitled "American Cattle, their History, 
 Breeding, and Management," which can be obtained at almost any 
 of the book collections of the agricultural papers in the country. 
 We have little, if anything, to say in addition to what has been 
 written there, and to that work we refer the inquirer, if he wishes 
 
NOTES ON BREEDING. 261 
 
 to investigate the subject further than what his own previous read- 
 ing and observation have already done. 
 
 The disposition of almost every Short-horn breeder to record his 
 pedigrees in the Herd Book is a testimony of the importance which 
 he concedes to it. He there finds the records of animals by name 
 and pedigree, which public opinion has decided to be of the highest 
 standards of blood ' and excellence thus far attained, and his own 
 observation (if he has kept up with the progress of the race) must 
 have educated him to know what a good animal should be. If in all 
 these he has yet formed no ideas of guidance for a further improve- 
 ment in his herd, we fail to know how he can be instructed. If he 
 decide to proceed on the " in-and-in system," (breeding closely together 
 those which are of the same family blood,) he must be cautious in the 
 choice of animals which it may be safe to couple with eaph other — 
 wise if rightly done, but hazardous if not ; or, if out-and-out (breed- 
 ing with such animals as are not close of kin) be his choice, equal 
 care and consideration must be given that their style, figure, and con- 
 formation be such as to blend their good qualities, and exclude the 
 bad, if either one possess them. 
 
 A large majority of the American Short-horn breeders, now that 
 the race has been generally adopted as the best and most profitable 
 for flesh-producing purposes, (not only in their fullness of blood, but as 
 instruments for improving the lower orders of our native stock to 
 the most profitable development,) propagate their animals mainly 
 for that object, apparently regardless of the milking faculty of the 
 cow, as the dairy product forms little or no part of the revenue 
 expected from her. Yet, it has been seen in the progress of our 
 history, that the Short-horn, from the earliest account we have of 
 her, has been a good milker, and that quality was fostered by most 
 of the early breeders of which we have an account, and is still 
 encouraged in her use by such as esteem it of any considerable im- 
 portance. The dairy quality may be partially bred out, if the breeder 
 so desire it, or equally well retained if he so wish it, by the use of 
 bulls descended from cows of like tendencies. It is only for him to 
 choose which course to pursue, and in so doing he need not forget, in 
 view of the examples we have recorded, and his own observation also, 
 that after having done her full duty in breeding, and at the pail, she 
 fulfills her destiny in a profitable carcass at the shambles. He must 
 remember, however, that the cow cannot well carry a full carcass of 
 flesh while yielding generous flows of milk to the dairy, and conse- 
 quently will show less attractively to the eye than one giving little or 
 
262 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 no milk in the plenitude of good pasturage, or stall-feeding. But her 
 produce will show equally well, with the same care and keeping, (if 
 that produce be devoted solely to flesh purposes,) as the progeny of 
 the other and fleshier one. 
 
 In a past notice we have tried to give the points of a perfect Short- 
 horn ; and the nearer an animal approaches perfection in its anatomy, 
 the more valuable it is for flesh-producing purposes, as such anatomy 
 yields the best product in the choicer parts of the carcass, and of 
 course more profitable to the seller and consumer. Therefore the 
 nearer perfection a breeding bull approaches in his various points, 
 the more valuable he is as a getter. For such a bull, to the breeder 
 of grade stock for the shambles only, it is more economical to pay 
 a round price than to take a defective one at a much lower price, or 
 even as a gift. Such is the reason why experienced breeders some- 
 times pay enormous prices for extraordinarily good bulls, as we have 
 known ; not that such bulls are to be used on native or low-bred cows 
 for grade breeding, but that on good thorough-bred cows they beget 
 a much higher class of bulls than are usually sought for more 
 common uses. It is, therefore, an object for any breeder, and for 
 whatever purpose, to command as good blood in the bulls of his herd 
 as circumstances will admit. 
 
 Let continuous improvement in blood, quality, and style of his ani- 
 mals be the aim of every breeder, and never for any trivial purpose 
 lose sight of it. The new breeder in selecting the females to compose 
 his herd, if he have a preference for any particular strain of blood, 
 should determine which he will adopt, and then obtaining the best 
 selections he can from them go on persistently in breeding, still bear- 
 ing in mind that uniformity in the characters of his herd, when coupled 
 with true excellence, is a great merit, giving conspicuity and reputation 
 to the breeder, and of course, a superior selling value to his animals. 
 A herd so established, in the present convenient ways of locomotion 
 through our country, need not suff'er from the evils — if men so 
 think — of too close interbreeding. There are bulls enough, mainly 
 of the same blood and lineage, scattered over the Short-horn districts 
 of the United States and Canadas, to give fresh crosses in every 
 herd of their own tribes when such crosses become necessary. 
 
 Quality and pedigree both, should go together ; each endorse the 
 virtues of the other. Yet, even defect in the quality of a bull may be 
 remedied by the superior excellences of his pedigree, when that ped- 
 igree has run through some previous generations of marked distinction. 
 Among many bulls which, without any noticeable characteristics of 
 
NOTES ON BREEDING. 263 
 
 superior quality in themselves, have proved remarkably good getters, 
 may be named Robert Colling's Lancaster (360), white, calved ii. 
 1814; and Thomas Bates' Short Tail (2621), red and white, calved 
 in 1824; both smaU and inferior looking bulls, yet they begat many 
 among the best animals of their day. We mention these not to give 
 any preference to their particular bloods, or families, but because 
 they were comparatively mean in appearance. Others and parallel 
 instances of the kind may occur to the recollection of the reader. 
 
 Thorough-breds — Full-bloods. 
 
 The above terms have been frequently applied, for many years 
 past, among the Short-hprn breeders of the Mississippi valley, to 
 designate a difference in the bloods of Short-horns — "thorough- 
 breds" meaning such animals as run their pedigrees back into the 
 Herd Books without taint of known other blood ; while " full-bloods " 
 mean such pedigrees as run back through many Herd Book crosses 
 into unknown lineage. We consider the term "full-blood,"' thus used, 
 as simply conventional with those applying it. Thorough-hx^A and 
 /w//-blood are identical in meaning, if language has any signification. 
 Thorough means full, and full means thorough, according to the 
 dictionaries. The manner in which the terms have been used is 
 erroneous, and the practice of it only confuses the inexperienced 
 breeder, is of no service to the matured one, and should be discon- 
 tinued. If a convention of Short-horn breeders, representing all the 
 different sentiments and opinions which prevail relating to bloods 
 and pedigrees could declare, through unanimity of opinion, at what 
 fraction of outside or foreign blood, a pedigree should be admitted to, 
 or excluded from a Herd Book record, an important point might be 
 gained ; but until such decision can be made, " thorough-bred " and 
 " full-blood " may mean something, or nothing, in the way of distinc- 
 tion, as those who use the terms may decide. The entire pedigree of 
 the animal in question, so lar as ascertainable, is the only prooi of 
 breeding, and that must be determined by the Herd Book, if no better 
 record can be found. 
 
 We here conclude our historical labors. Much collateral matter 
 has, of necessity, been introduced as ' explanatory to incidents and 
 facts which would appear uncertain or doubtful without it. Much 
 more than has been gathered into these pages we might have written 
 relating to sundry animals in many of the English, as well as our 
 
264 .HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 American herds, but which, had we done so, although it might gratify 
 curiosity, would not change any individual opinions which may exist 
 touching either the merits of their blood, or the authenticity of their 
 pedigrees. 
 
 So long as select breeding in any race of animals is followed there 
 will be preferences for particular bloods, tribes and individual animals, 
 with their different strains of genealogy, over others ; and there will 
 be more or less party spirit betrayed in discussions which may arise 
 regarding them. No individual judgment can definitely settle those 
 disputed questions, and merit or demerit will have its award mainly 
 in private opinion rather than through acquiescence in any public de- 
 cision, even if such decision should be attempted ; and if attempted, 
 would be simply impossible. 
 
APPENDIX, 
 
 In this new edition of Short-horn History it may be interesting to 
 extend it to the present date, referring partially to the proceedings 
 in Great Britain, as well as in the United States and Canada. 
 
 The last importations of Short-horns from England to America 
 which were noticed in the last edition of this work occurred in the 
 year 1872. In that year the demand and prices rose rapidly. The 
 twenty-nine public sales in the United States counted 1,014 head 
 at an average of $313 each, aggregating $317,256. Of the public 
 British sales of thevyear we can give no accurate detailed account. 
 
 In the year 1873 Short-horns rose to the highest estimated values 
 and prices at which they ever arrived, particularly such as had 
 become the most attractive in pedigree and quality, both in Great 
 Britain and America, those of the " Bates " blood taking precedence 
 over all others, although the " Boath " and some other tribes still 
 held a high repute with very many breeders. 
 
 The most* extraordinary sale which ever occurred in Short-horn 
 annals was that of the herd of, Mr. Samuel Campbell, at New York 
 Mills, Oneida Co., N. Y., in September, 1873. It was composed 
 of first-class animals throughout. Among them were three thorough- 
 bred Duke bulls and eleven cows and heifers, all of Bates-Duchess 
 blood. Five of the latter were purchased by English gentlemen, 
 who came over in person, or by their agents, and the six others by 
 American breeders. Several of the Oxford family, male and female, 
 and others of different high-bred tribes were also included, numbering 
 108 animals altogether. The highest-priced bull, 2d Duke of Oneida, 
 brought $12,000. The average on the three bulls was $7,666.67, buit 
 4th Duke of Oneida, which was sold for $7,000 under the conditions 
 that if proved defective in virility the sale was to be canceled, and 
 finally so proved. Only the 12th and 7th Dukps of Oneida (the 
 latter then a calf for $4,000) could be reckoned as absolute sales, 
 both selling for $16,000, their average being $8,000 each. 
 
 The highest price for two Duchesses was $30,600 each, the lowest, 
 $5,700, average for tKe eleven Duchess cows, $19,490. The entire 
 
266 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 actual sale of the Duchess family, bulls and cows, thirteen in number, 
 footed $245,400. By an unfortunate error of the English agent 
 of Mr. Davies, in estimating our American currency, 8th Duchess 
 of Geneva was bid off at $40,600, which, on being explained to Mr. 
 Campbell, he generously reduced the sale to $30,600, the highest 
 price bid by Lord Skelmersdale, in person, for ist Duchess of Oneida. 
 Col. Lewis G. Morris, Mount Fordham, N. Y., afterwards bought 8th 
 Duchess at $30,600. The cow being forward in calf was left at Mr. 
 Campbell's farm until parturition should take place. A few days 
 before her time she dropped a finely-developed dead heifer calf, and 
 soon after the cow herself died, all efforts to save her proving fruitless. 
 Mr. Davies, on the whole facts being represented to him, honorably 
 sent a bill of exchange for $5,000 to Mr. Campbell to correct the 
 error of his agent in his bid of $40,600 for the cow, which Mr. 
 Campbell handed over to Col. Morris, thus alleviating to that extent 
 his lamentable loss. Another item showing the liberal disposition 
 of English Short-horn breeders, and their estimate of the value 
 of the Duchess family, may be mentioned. Mr. Davies wrote to 
 Mr. Campbell, soon after declining to take the cow at his agent's 
 bid, that a syndicate of his friends would still take her at the $40,600 
 which his agent had mistakenly bid ; but being already sold by Mr. 
 Campbell to Col. Morris the offer was refused. Thus five Duchesses 
 went to England, where all became good breeders, and profitable in 
 their produce to their several purchasers. 
 
 Of the six Duchess cows sold to American breeders there is not 
 now a single living descendant, most unfortunately to their purchasers. 
 Of the two bulls, 12th Duke of Oneida, sold to Mr. T. J. Megibben, 
 of Cynthiana, Ky., after a three years' service in his own herd, and 
 to many high-bred cows sent to him by other breeders, thus earning- 
 for his owner a sum over and above his original cost, the bull 
 unfortunately died. Seventh Duke of Oneida is now living, owned 
 by Mr. Richard Gibson, near London, Ont. 
 
 All this Duchess family, on the female side, were descendants 
 of Duchess 66th, purchased, at Lord Ducie's sale in England, in the 
 year 1852, and imported" by Messrs. L. G, Morris and Noel J. Becar 
 {yide page 341 tljis volume). 
 
 Of the remaining animals of the sale, the cows, one Oxford at 
 $7,000, one Gwynne at $2,000, and two Lady Worcesters at $6,200 
 (for both), went to English purchasers. The balance of the herd 
 were distributed to the several States of Kentucky, New York, Ver- 
 
APPENDIX. 267 
 
 mont, Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Virginia, 
 and the British Province of Canada, at prices ranging from $4,000 
 downward, the particulars of which were detailed in Preface to Vol. 
 13, American Short-horn Here? Book. Taken altogether, this was 
 the most remarkable sale of Short-horns which ever occurred in 
 either the United States or Great Britain. 
 
 The forty public sales in the United States and nine in Canada, 
 of the year 1873, aside from the above-narrated Campbell sale, 
 aggregated 1,836 animals, averaging $531-88 each, making a total sum 
 of $976,527; the United States prices being $552.67, and the Canada 
 average $290 each. 
 
 The public sales in Great Britain of the above-named year, accord- 
 ing to Thornton's Circular for January, 1874, were forty-six in num- 
 ber, at which 1,929 head of Short-horns were sold, at ar; average 
 of about $294 each, aggregating a total of $567,285. Several 
 importations were made both by United States and Canadian breeders 
 in the year 1873. 
 
 In the year 1874, forty to fifty valuable Short-horns were imported 
 from England. 
 
 The number of public sales occurring in the United States in 
 1874 were fifty-eight, comprising 2,412 animals-; average price per 
 head, $392.77; total amount, $747,308. Enumerated among the 
 list of sales, however, were several animals of fashionable American 
 breeding, and costly selections from late importations, which brought 
 exceptional prices. Among such exceptions were a few cows which 
 sold for $2,000 to more than $5,000 each, and bulls at $5,000 to 
 $6,000 each, thus sinking the average price of others in the general 
 sales. The Canadian public sales for 1874 were ten in number, 
 comprising 264 animals, at an average price of $317 each, the highest 
 average being $909 in a herd of sixteen head. A large majority 
 of the Canadian sales were to breeders in the United States. 
 
 The public sales in England of the year 1874 were 68, aggregating 
 2,165 head, at an average of $323 each, a total sum of $702,556, 
 being 236 animals more than in 1873, and at an increased price of 
 $45.00 per head, yet lower by $69.00 each than the American public 
 sale prices. The exceptional sales in England were those of Messrs. 
 Leney & Sons, of 41 head, at an average of $1,458; Duke of Devon- 
 shire, 43 head, $1,913; Earl Bective, 55 head, $1,81^; E.H.Cheney, 
 27 head, $2,095 — all animals of the highest fashionable blood and 
 pedigrees. 
 
268 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The American public sales of the yeg.r 1875 were -115 in number; 
 4,317 animals sold for $1,832,383, an average of $421.53. The 3,577 
 females averaged $453, and the 770 bulls $276 each. Of these 115 
 sales, 28 of them averaged over $50?) each; the highest being M. H. 
 Cochrane's, of Canada, six animals, $5,133 each; A. W. Griswold's, 
 33, at $1,698; Messrs. Groom & Son, 72 animals, at $1,694, and B. 
 F. Vanmeter's, at $1,595. 
 
 The British sales of the year 1875 were 55 in number, comprising 
 2,355 head, averaging $515 each. But deducting the Dunmore sales, 
 averaging $3,350, and the Torr sale, averaging $2,550 for each 
 animal, the averages of the entire sales were about $380 on 2,075 
 head. The top prices of a few animals in the British sales were 
 about $10,000, $6,250 and $5,000 each. 
 
 The year 1876 showed a considerable depression at public sales in 
 Short-horn prices in America on account of the financial embarrass- 
 ments growing out of the revulsions of the year 1873, and with fewer 
 speculative buyers, together with a closer discrimination of the notes 
 given in payment where credit was asked by the purchasers. The 
 public sales of the year comprised 4,014 animals, for a gross sum of 
 $1,366,805, an average of $341.38 each. 
 
 In Great Britain in 1876 the public sales were 2,802 head, at an 
 average of about $260 each — total $728,270. 
 
 In the year 1877 the public sales in the United States comprised 
 3,100 head, amounting to $610,266, an average of $197 each, follow- 
 ing the lower average of 1876, with a less number of fashionably- 
 pedigreed animals offered. The Canada sales in the same year, of 
 137 head, averaged $968, as they included many imported and fash- 
 ionable pedigrees, amounting in the aggregate to $132,605. 
 
 Few Short-horns were imported to America during the year 1877, 
 but many were exported to England. Among the exportations were 
 Cochrane & Beattie's herd of 46 sent from Canada, and Albert 
 Crane's two Airdrie Duchesses, 6th and 7th, shipped November 3d 
 to Mr. Holford, at upwards of $20,000 each. 
 
 The British sales of the year 1877 were 2,485 head, at an average 
 of about $274 each. The prices of fashionable ones, averaging $735 
 for Mr. Fox's, $565 for Mr. Ashburner's, $2,660 for Mr. Cheney's, 
 $1,135 for Mr. Oliver's, and the exported herd from Canada, of 
 Messrs. Cochrane & Beattie, for $1,994 each, would leave the general 
 average of British sales only $174 each against the $197 average 
 sales in the United States. Still some rernarkable English sales were 
 
APPENDIX. 269 
 
 made in^ this year. Cows : 3d Duchess of Hillhurst, to Mr. Lowder, 
 for $20,500; 5th Duchess of Hillhurst, to Earl Bective, for 121,500; 
 Cherry Grand Duchess 4th, to Lord Skelmersdale, for $9,000; Grand 
 Duchess 23d, to Earl Bective, for $13,750. Bulls: Grand Duke 31st, 
 to Earl Bective, $7,750 ; Grand Duke 29th to Mr. Philips, $5,000 ; 
 Grand Duke 2Sth, to Mr. Garfit, $2,525 ; cow Grand Duchess 29th, 
 to Mr. AUsopp, $12,250; the last five of the Grand Duchesses 
 averaging $8,665 each. 
 
 At the large Birmingham show sale 155 bull calves averaged about 
 $176; 62 yearlings $194, and 31 two-year-olds $220 each — a re- 
 markable sale in point of numbers, and also for the fact that scarcely 
 one of them was sold to head a fashionable herd.' 
 
 In the year 1878, 2,048 Short-horns were publicly sold in the 
 United States for $317,190, an average of $154 each. Messrs. Albert 
 Crane, of Kansas, and Avery & Murphy, of Michigan, exported five 
 head to England, for $7,293, averaging about $1,450 each. 
 
 The Groom sale in Kentucky was much the highest average in 
 prices, as many of them were of recent importation and fashionable 
 in pedigree and blood ; $2,800, running down to $1,000 each were 
 obtained for 13 ofthem, and, being sold for cash on delivery, it was 
 perhaps the best sale of the year. The Kentucky and Illinois offer- ' 
 ings comprised more than two-thirds of the entire number of the 
 year. 
 
 The 65 British sales of the year 1878 were 2,827 head, at an 
 average price of $285 each. Deducting the 297 animals which 
 brought over ^500 each, the average of the remainder was $183 each. 
 The highest-priced ones were chiefly of the Oxford and other families 
 strongly allied to the Bates-Duchess blood. 
 
 The public sales of the year 1879 in the United States, including 
 also about 50 head of Short-horns from Canada, numbered 2,865 
 animals, about three-fourths of the number in the States of Kentucky 
 and Illinois, amounting to $326,186 — an average of $115 each, the 
 lowest yet on record ; a large number of them being a weeding out 
 of the less attractive ones, yet some of them running up to $250 and 
 more in prices. 
 
 The British sales of the year 1879 were 50 in number, making 
 2,354 head, amounting to $565,000, averaging about $240 each. A 
 few from the prominent families. Duchess, Duke, Oxford, Thorndale, 
 Rose, etc., were sold at prices ranging, for Duchess 117th $16,000; 
 Duchess 114th, $13,500, and down to $2,500 of other fashionable 
 families. 
 
270 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 The public sales of the year 1880 in the United States and Canada 
 numbered 3,222 Short-horns, amounting to $464,078, an average of 
 $144.60 each ; Illinois and Kentucky still predominating in numbers, 
 and Missouri rising next in her offerings. Among the sales of this 
 year prices of higher classes ranged from $8,000 each, for two 
 Duchesses, down to $1,000 at Messrs. Cochrane & Cannon's sale of 
 43 head at Chicago. Several of the animals went at considerably 
 lower prices, the average being $900 each. 
 
 Mr. B. C. Rumsey, at private sale, also bought of Messrs. Avery 
 & Murphy, of Michigan, in the above year, Airdrie Duchess 8th 
 for $16,000. 
 
 The British sales of the year 1880, were fifty in number, 1,820 
 head, amounting to $315,565, an average of nearly $175 each. The 
 highest price was paid for Duchess of Underley 3d, $10,000, to Lord 
 Feversham, and $2,615 down to $2,000 for eight other fashionables. 
 
 The importations in. 1880 were by Mr. B. C. Rumsey, Buffalo, 
 N. Y., bulls. Knight of Oxford 2d 39549 (43440), Duke of Hunts- 
 land 38435 (43108) and six cows of high "Bates" blood; Mr. H. 
 M. Vaile, Independence, Mo., twelve cows of " Bates " and other 
 valuable blood; J. Dryden, Brooklyn, Ontario, two cows and four 
 bulls; Professor G. Lawson, Halifax, Nova Scotia, six bulls and 
 three cows. 
 
 The public sales for the year 1881 in the United States were sixty, 
 three of which were Canadian, sold in Illinois at Chicago and 
 Waukegan, Kentucky holding sixteen and Illinois nineteen of them 
 — 3,703 animals in all, at an average of $158 each; !otal, $586,129. 
 
 The highest public sale averages of the year were the following: 
 Avery & Murphy, 120 animals, $599 each; Canada West Farm 
 Association, in two sales, April and November, 38 and 57 head, 
 $555 and $504 each. 
 
 The largest single private sale ever made in the United States was 
 in this year by Col. LeG. Cannon, of Vermont, to Messrs. Rigdon 
 Huston & Son, of Illinois, consisting of fifty head, in which were 
 four (Bates) Duchesses and one bull, 22d Duke of Airdrie, together 
 with others of high pedigree, for $50,000. 
 
 The British and Irish sales of 1881 were forty-seven in number, 
 comprising 2,168 head, averaging about $160 each. Highest price 
 for Oxford Mary, bought by Sir H. Allsopp, $5,550, and eleven 
 others running down from $3,750 to $1,255 ea-ch. The fifty-two 
 head owned by J. & E. Cruikshank brought an average of $310 each. 
 
APPENDIX. 271 
 
 The importations to America in the year 1881 were by Mr. H. Y. 
 Attrill, Goderich, Ontario, bull 5th Duke of Tregunter 45961 (33473), 
 and cows Grand Duchess 28th, also Grand Duchess 35th with her 
 heifer calf; Messrs. G. Allen & Son, Palermo, Illinois, one bull and 
 sixteen cows ; Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey, Buffalo, N. Y., cow Duchess 
 of Oxford; Mr. Richard Gibson, Ilderton, Ontario, three bulls and 
 twenty-two cows, chiefly of Bates blood ; the Government of New 
 Brunswick, by Simon Beattie, two bulls and six cows ; Mr. G. Whit- 
 field, Rougemont, Montreal, Canada, twelve bulls and cows, together 
 with several others, number not mentioned; Mr. John R,. Craig, 
 Ontario, Canada, five bulls and eight cows and heifers; in 1882 
 Messrs. A. J. Alexander and Leslie Combs, Spring Station, Ky., two 
 bulls and sixteen cows ; Mr.' M. H. Cochrane, Hillhurst, Compton, 
 Province of Quebec, two bulls and seventeen cows; Mr. Charles 
 Morgan, Bordentown, New Jersey, two bulls and eight cows of the 
 Warlaby tribe, chiefly bred by the late T. C. Booth, the other ones 
 of " Booth " blood ; Mr. J. Hunter and the Government Agricultural 
 College, Ontario, Canada, two bulls and two heifers; Messrs. J. I. 
 Davidson and J. Isaac, Ontario, Messrs. J. H. Potts & Son, Jack- 
 sonville, 111., and Mr. Dryden, Ontario, five bulls and fourteen cows; 
 Messrs. Richard Gibson, Ilderton, and W. Murray, Chesterfield, 
 Ontario, four bulls and seven cows chiefly of Bates blood. 
 
 The year 1881 gave the greatest number of imported Short-horns 
 ever arriving in America in any single year. 
 
 The sales in the States for the year 1882 comprised 3,453 head, 
 and 120 by fbur owners from Canada, including several imported 
 animals. Kentucky and Illinois led off in largest numbers — about 
 equally. The average prices each of the States cattle were about 
 $165 each; gross amount of sales $593,425. The Canada herds, of 
 a higher fashionable order of pedigrees, brought the following 
 averages : M. H. Cochrane's, including several Bates-Duchesses 
 and others, twenty-four head, average $2,079.17; gross $49,900; 
 Canada West Farm Stock Association (Bow Park), thirty-three head, 
 average $308.94 ; gross $10,195; R. & J. Gibson, forty-nine head, 
 average $602.96 ; gross $29,545. The last-named three herds were 
 sold at Chicago and Waukegan, Illinois. The fourth imported herd. 
 Lord Polwath's, sold at Toronto, Canada, fourteen head, brought an 
 average of $316.07; gross $4,435. 
 
 The highest averages made of the States cattle — A. J. Alexander 
 and others, ninety-two head (several of them lately imported) — 
 
2/2 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 was $455; Vanmeter & Hamilton, sixty-five head, $413; T. C. 
 Anderson, forty-five head, $410 — all from Kentucky. 
 
 The highest prices for individual animals were : Cows — Airdrie 
 Duchess 4th, $7,100; loth Duchess of Hillhurst, $7,100; nth 
 Duchess of Hillhurst, $4,700, all bought by the Canada West Farm 
 Stock Association ; Duchess Wild Eyes, $4,500 ; Kirkleavington 
 Marchioness 2d, $3,525 ; Rowfant Kirkleavington 5th, $3,200; Bush- 
 bury Countess Barrington, $2,000. Bulls — 8th Duke of Hillhurst, 
 $3,025; Oxford Duke 46704 (45297), imported by Richard Gibson, 
 $2,000. 
 
 The British and Irish sales of 1882 were 35 in number, comprising 
 1,588 head, at an average of about $174, a' gross amount of $176,312. 
 
 Airdrie Duchess 9th was put up at a reserved bid of $3,500, and 
 not sold at auction, but afterwards privately sold to Duke of Devon- 
 shire. Airdrie Duchess loth was bid off by Duke of Devonshire at 
 $3,650, and ten others to different parties from $2,500 down to 
 $1,000 each. 
 
 At the Birmingham sale 367 bulls were sold at an average of $190 
 each, and at Perth, in Scotland, 141 bulls sold at a trifle over $175 
 each. No first-class bulls were offered at either of these two last 
 sales. At 9 other sales, comprising 200 bulls, altogether the prices 
 were about on average with the two first mentioned. 
 
 In the year 1882 Mr. F. A. Ellis imported into Boston, Mass., 4 
 bulls and 2 cows. If others were imported in that year we have no 
 record of them. 
 
 In the year 1883 Mr. B. C. Rumsey, Buffalo, N. Y., imported seven 
 choicely selected females, and Mr. I. J. Alexander, Spring Station, 
 Ky., a Duke bull. 
 
 The most remarkable sale of a bull ever known was that of the 
 Roan Duke of Connaught 32234 (33604), bred in England by Earl 
 Dunmore, calved August 10, 1874, bought of him by Lord Fitzhard- 
 inge, when quite young, for 4,500 guineas ($22,500), and still owning 
 him at 9 years of age. The bull has earned in service to cows out- 
 side of his own herd, more than his original cost, and is yet in 
 vigorous health and action, thus attesting the value in which he is 
 estimated. The deep roan bull, a son of Duke of Connaught, now 
 two years old, Grand Duke of Connaught and Ridgewood 46202 
 (vol. 23, A. H. B.), bred by Mr. H. Y. Attrill, Goderich, Ontario, is 
 now owned by Mr. B. C. Rumsey, Buffalo, N. Y., who also owns two 
 of his daughters, Kirkleavington Empress 4th, calved in 1878, and 
 
APPENDIX. 273 
 
 ' ' ' 
 Wisdom 2d (Wild Eyes), calved in 1879, ^■Iso a grandson, produce 
 of Kirkleavington Empress. There may possibly be another, or more 
 sons or daughters of Duke of Connaught in the United States, but 
 of such we have no immediate record, and we only name them as 
 signalizing this entrance of his blood into our country. 
 
 The particulars of the foregoing notes were taken from late 
 volumes of the American Short-horn Herd Book, to which minute 
 inquirers can refer, 
 
 The Short-horns have now become the leading national breed in 
 America, as they have long been in England. For fifty years past, 
 selections from approved English herds have been imported into the 
 United States, and in late years into the neighboring province 
 of Canada, and within the last twenty years the very choicest 
 specimens of British herds, of both sexes, have been selected and 
 imported by our liberal-handed breeders in considerable numbers, 
 and, through their produce, we now possess animals equal to the best 
 of their breed wherever found. The many distinguished animals 
 'purchased by some of the most eminent English breeders from among 
 our American herds and exported to England for the re-invigoration, 
 improvement even, of their own choicest bloods testify, beyond 
 question, the equality, at least, if not superiority, of American-bred 
 ones in maintaining, to the highest quality of excellence, their own 
 long-cherished favorites. 
 
 In fact, America needs no further importations of Short-horn blood 
 from abroad, already possessing it in its most exalted quality ; and 
 such animals, as are now occasionally brought out by our liberal 
 breeders, are, simply, in the indulgence of a taste for different strains 
 of blood not altogether common with us, rather than an expectation 
 of further improvement in those they already possess. So widely 
 are these distinguished bloods distributed throughout the wide areas 
 occupied by their energetic breeders that a record of them here is 
 unnecessary, the various later volumes of the American Short-horn 
 Herd Book having them already on their pages. 
 
 Color of the Short-horns. > 
 
 We cannot dismiss this appendix without a word touching the 
 present absurd fancy for the Red color in Short-horns, now prevail- 
 ing to an almost universal extent among their breeders. It is, indeed, 
 a mania, without the slightest reason for its existence, yet to such 
 degree that, in both public and private sales of the animals, even an 
 
274 HISTORY OP THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 inferior beast, if it be only red in color, will bring a higher price to 
 the seller than a far better one, in all its qualities, in which the lighter 
 roan or white colors prevail. No physiological reason, whatever, 
 can be given for it. The colors prevailing in the English herds a 
 century or more ago were mainly roan, the white and red shades 
 picturesquely intermingling over the body. I^ure white over the 
 entire body was then frequent ; pure red over the whole body rarely 
 so. Each color, being original in the breed, was legitimate, and they 
 were so bred and selected without regard to color so long as the 
 substantial qualities of the animal were approved, and so are they 
 continued in Great Britain to the present time. The popular preference 
 now in England, if any preference be indulged, is toward the roan, 
 and in their public exhibitions more white than red ones (the latter 
 quite infrequent) are invariably seen. Referring back to the Ameri- 
 can importations between the years 1850 and i860, nearly as many 
 white bulls and cows were among them as roans — scarcely ever a red 
 one — and a prejudice by our breeders then existed against the red 
 ones ; but now, with a strange infatuation, red is almost universally the 
 preference. The several last volumes of the American Herd Book 
 testify to the absurdity. Comparatively few roans; seldom a purely 
 white one is found in the records. Nearly every white bull calf, no 
 matter what his merits, is made a steer by his breeder, and the white 
 cows and heifers tabooed out of sight when a purchaser appears to 
 inspect the herd. We write, perhaps, to unwilling ears, but cannot 
 permit this last legacy to our past intimate friends, the Short-horn 
 breeders of America, to pass from our hand without protesting 
 emphatically against such an error in both taste and judgment. Let 
 the cattle indulge in their own beautiful, original shades of color, so 
 long as the roan, white and red only prevail, whether solid or inter- 
 mingled they may come, and be happy in their possession. The 
 best young steer at the Chicago Fat Stock Show, in the year 1882, 
 was purely white in color, bred by the Bow Park Association, in 
 Ontario ; he was of the highest quality and pedigree, in all particulars, 
 and made a steer solely on account of his folor. If red, as a bull, 
 he could have been sold for $1,500 or $2,000, but being white, would 
 not, probably, bring over $100 or $150, if he could have been sold 
 at all. 
 
 Mr. Thornton, London, Eng., in his Short-horn Circular, says : 
 J. Outhwaite's well known bull, Royal Windsor (29890), was sold to 
 the butcher this spring. He was one of the handsomest bulls of his 
 
APPENDIX. . 275 
 
 day, WHITE in color. Bred by Mr. Willis, on 6th January, 1869. He 
 won upwards of ^700 ($3,500) in prizes at his several exhibitions. 
 The excellence of this bull, both as an animal of substance and 
 quality, and as a good sire, was such that it was a serious loss to' the 
 country that he was not more used. At the Bainesse sale, in 1876, 
 Mr. Outhwaite placed the prohibited reserve of, 5,000 guineas 
 ($25,000) on him, and also his fee for service at 50 guineas ($250) 
 each. In February last, just after completing his fourteenth year, he 
 had been serviceable the previous season. His great length and 
 level lines and wonderful covering of flesh were still apparent, and 
 he will rank as one of the finest animals and best sires of the present 
 generation. 
 
 What better testimony has ever been given to the excellence of 
 any bull ? and he a purely white one, mainly of " Booth " blood ! 
 
 PRivATE Sales. 
 
 In enumerating the public sales of Short-horns in this appendix, 
 they are the only published records in durable form. Yet the private 
 sales in individual herds have been quite as frequent in every year, 
 if not more so, than those publicly recorded, and on an average at 
 equally good, if not higher, prices. Such sales are seldom noticed in 
 the agricultural and stock papers of our country, yet are disseminated 
 throughout the extended areas where the cattle are in demand. 
 Although public sales appear to be on the increase, and such are 
 resorted to by great numbers of buyers, from which they can make 
 selections to suit their several tastes and preferences, yet private 
 sales will continue in the future as in the past, wherever a nice 
 discrimination by the purchaser may lead. 
 
 A remarkable change in the locality of the Short-horns of our 
 country has taken place within the last ten years. From the Eastern 
 States, where they were early introduced and numerously, as well as 
 successfully, bred, they have largely been removed into the more 
 fertile grazing and feeding States of the interior, where the pastures 
 are richer in the production of grasses, and the abundant Indian 
 corn fields better promote their flesh-bearing qualities. In their 
 places in the Eastern States, for iriilk production, in which they were 
 then highly estimated, when educated for that purpose (and now less 
 attended to at the West, where flesh is the main object), their grades 
 from the native cows and other more distinctly dairy breeds are 
 growing into use, yet very many of choice blood and quality still 
 
2/6 HISTORY OF THE SHORT-HORNS. 
 
 remain, and will continue to be bred by the admirers of their superior 
 excellence in the vicinities where they were early introduced and 
 flourished. 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 The narrative of the progress of Short-horn cattle in America can- 
 not be complete without an allusion to the records of their pedigrees, 
 so far as compiled in the American Short-horn Herd Book, for thirty- 
 seven years past issued by the author of this volume, and under his 
 management from its beginning in 1846 to the present year, 1883, 
 when the Herd Book passed from his editorship into that of another 
 administration. The Herd Book volumes have been twenty-four in 
 number, comprising the pedigrees of 49,627 bulls, and upwards of 
 75,000 cows — a total of nearly 125,000 altogether. Some of the indi- 
 vidual pedigrees thus recorded may be questioned as not thoroughly 
 pure, but' they are such as have received the sanction of the early 
 breeders since their first introduction into the country, and have 
 not been seriously questioned by the mass of their later breeders to 
 the present time — all admissible, by general consent, to record. In 
 regard to purity of blood, they rank equally so with those pedigrees 
 contained in Coates' English Herd Book, now comprising a some- 
 what larger number of volumes than the American. Coates' Herd 
 Book began its record in the year 1822, previous to which date 
 tradition and the private records of their breeders were the only 
 authority on which their pedigrees were founded from the year 
 1737, in which " Studley bull " (627) was born. On them, and other 
 equally competent authority, our American pedigrees are especially 
 entitled to confidence. All doubts and surmises on these questions 
 may be referred to preceding pages in the first edition of this work, 
 and there the present editor must leave it. It may be thought that 
 the high prices at both public and private sales mentioned in previous 
 pages of many favorite animals of noted tribes may seem exor- 
 bitant, that such ones were peerless in both quality and pedigree, 
 so considered by their owners and breeders ; yet among the great 
 aggregate of miscellaneous bloods running their pedigrees back in 
 various relationship, although perhaps not exclusively so, to the same 
 fountain-head, occasional ones may have been found equally good 
 in quality as many which have been and are still held in higher 
 repute with the breeders of those leading herds. Between these dis- 
 tinctive ones and the more general classes of pedigrees we take no 
 part, considering every Short-horn animal of good quality and ad- 
 
APPENDIX. 277 
 
 missible pedigree both valuable and useful in elevating the standard 
 of our American cattle to a high degree of excellence. Aside from 
 the animals whose pedigrees are recorded in the volumes of the 
 Araeric'an Herd Book, have been and still exist several thousand 
 others, of good admissible pedigree, in the hands of their breeders 
 and owners, not recorded, either by neglect or non-rega-rd to the 
 importance of such records. , 
 
 The mass of our American breeders may not venture to pay the high' 
 prices which some of the previously-named sales have attained, and 
 are content with good well-bred animals which answer all their pur- 
 poses for propagation and use, while others who prefer to attain the 
 very highest celebrity in their herds may freely, and with large 
 liberality of expenditure, indulge their preferences — a most laudable 
 evidence to their enterprise and public spirit, as well as thus testify- 
 ing to the superlative values of the most attractive cattle, in their 
 aggregate values, which the world has produced. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 Agriculture in England — Early Authors,.. 17 
 
 American Cow, 54 
 
 Alloy of the Galloway, bred by Charles 
 
 Colling 65-68 
 
 Althorp, Lord, 149 
 
 American Short-horns— Their History— 155 
 
 Their Improvement, 244 
 
 j^.merican Pedigrees in English Herd Book, 254 
 
 Bulls, Studley bull, 28 
 
 J. Brown's red bull, 29 
 
 Other noted early bulls, 3° 
 
 Hubback, 36 
 
 Foljambe, t. 43 
 
 Bolingbroke, Favorite, Comet, 44 
 
 Belvedere, 127 
 
 Eakewell, Robert, as a stock-breeder, 33 
 
 . Berry, Rev. Henry, '. - . . 61 
 
 Bell's (Thomas) Short-horn History, n8 
 
 ■ Breeding, Charles CoUing's mode of, 46 
 
 , Robert Colling's mode of, 53 
 
 Booth family, as Short-horn breeders — 
 
 Career during three generations, 95-^^7 
 
 Bates, Thomas, his early life, cattle breed- 
 ing and history, 11S-147 
 
 Death, 138 
 
 Sale of his herd 138 
 
 Did he improve the Short-horns,.. . 144 
 Breckenridge's (Rev. R. J.) opinion of 
 
 Pedigrees, t 253 
 
 Breeding, notes on, 260 
 
 Cow on Durham Cathedral, 20-21 
 
 Chillingham wild Cattle, 24 
 
 Colling, Robert and Charles, 31 
 
 Cows, The Stanwick, or original Duchess, 41 
 Lady Maynard and Y. Strawberry,. 42 
 
 lihosnix, 44 
 
 Haughton, 57 
 
 Duchess, by Daisy bull, 123 
 
 Duchess ist, 123 
 
 Duchess 34th, 128 
 
 Matchem Cow, 129 
 
 High prices paid for in early days,. . 150 
 As Milkers, 215 
 
 Page 
 
 Colling*s (Charles) Sale in 1812, 69-76 
 
 Colling's (Robert) Sale in i8i8and 1820,.. 77-92 
 
 Colling's Cattle Improvement, 93 
 
 Colors of Short -horn noses, ^18 
 
 Colors of Short-horn hair, 219 
 
 Carr's (of Stackhouse) History of the Booth 
 
 Short -horns, 9S-117 
 
 Color of Bates' herds, 134 
 
 Danish Invasions of Northumbria, 15 
 
 Danish Cattle taken to Northumbria, 15 
 
 Dutch Cattle said to be introduced into 
 
 England, 24 
 
 Duke of Northumberland a cattle-breeder, 24 
 
 Durham Ox, 51 
 
 Duchess Tribe, 125-131 
 
 Ducie's (Lord) Sale, 141 
 
 English People — Their early condition,.. . 16 
 
 Earliest known Short-horn Breeders, 24-26 
 
 Early Colors and Appearance of the Cattle, 27 
 
 Elder Short-horn Breeders, 148 
 
 Etches, J. C, selected Cattle in England, 165 
 Exportations of Short-horns to England, 222 
 English Short-horns — Late Improvement, 244 
 
 Foggathorpe Tribe, 133 
 
 Full-bloods, 263 
 
 George III. a Short-horn Breeder, 33 
 
 Galloway Grandson of Bolingbroke, 61 
 
 Gough (or Gofif) and Miller Importations, 156 
 
 History, First Period, 13-18 
 
 Second Period, 18-27 
 
 Herd Book, English, 231-239 
 
 American, 240-243 
 
 Improvement in Short-horns — When be- 
 gan, 23 
 
 In later years, 244"'254 
 
 Improvers in Breeding— The Ceilings, 56-61-93 
 
 Importations of 1815 and 1816, 160 
 
 Importations of 1817 to Kentucky, i6i 
 
 Importations of 1817 to 1830 by various 
 parties, 172-177 
 
28o 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 Importations of 1833 to 1840, by various 
 
 parties, 178-18B 
 
 Importations of 1849 to 1871, by various 
 
 parties, 193-212 
 
 Importations into Canada, 212-214 
 
 Killerby Short-horns — Booth, 108 
 
 Kirkleavington described, 134 
 
 Matchem Cow, 129 
 
 Mason, Christopher, 248 
 
 Miller Importation , 156 
 
 Oxford Tribe,..., 130-132 
 
 Perfect Short-horn described, 225 
 
 Pedigrees, 230 
 
 Pure Short-horns, 230-235 
 
 Pedigrees, English, 23s 
 
 English, their qualities, etc., 248 
 
 In American Herd Book, 252 
 
 Diagram of, 49-50 
 
 In Vols. 4 and 5, English Herd Book, 354 
 
 Page 
 
 Pedigrees, American authorities for, 255 
 
 Absence of, 258 
 
 Patton Stock, 158 
 
 Red Rose Tribe, 133 
 
 Short-horns, Early characteristics of, ig 
 
 As a flesh-producing animal, bi6 
 
 Storer on Colling's Breeding, 47 
 
 Studley Short-horns — Booths, 102 
 
 Sanders' (Col. Lewis) importation of 1817, 161 
 
 Produce of, 168 
 
 Short-horns imported without pedigrees,. . 258 
 
 Teeswater Cattle, 31 
 
 Thorough-breds, 263 
 
 White Heifer that Traveled, 52 
 
 Warlaby Herd — Booth, 113 
 
 Waterloo Tribe, ... 132 
 
 Wild Eyes Tribe 133 
 
 Youatt'a Cattle History, 6a