NDMOTHER'S BERRIES ARDEN Albert K. Mann Library CoRJMELL University Gift from the Library of Doc AiTO Katy Abraham, The Green Thumb, Naples, N.Y. The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924089418994 Copyrigtt - 1920 by Eidy^rin H. Reiber BIRDS AND BERRIES IN MY GRANDMOTHERS GARDEN BY qju. BIRD MAN Hamn SPK. COU . (olS ,5 'i^^ ^j. TO MY GRANDMOTHER I dedicate tnis book to you, be- cause it ■was you ■wno asked me to write it for all lovers of gar- dens, on tbat golden summer day ■wnan you last -walked amid tne fragrant flo-wers ana listened to tne carols of tne birds you loved. Even the shyest of garden hirds were never disturbed hy grandmother's ^presence. BIRDS AND BERRIES IN MY GRANDMOTHERS GARDEN ORTHY, mJeecl, is tte garden tkat is planted, not for beauty alone, but for tlie welfare of Nature s cnildren as ■well. Such a one brings greater pleasure to mm iivno gives aifia. a goodly measure of comfort and enjoyment to tnose exquisite, feathered creatures of the air - the hirds - that take. It throbs v/ith joyous life and color and rare music from scores of tmy throats ^vhen tright ber- ried shrubs ana simple flo'wers and the birds that love them live withm it. One -who loves the flowers is sure to love the birds, for are not they and the butterflies and honeybees and the sunshine generally assembled together m his mind when he dreams of the perfect garden? Only one such garden have I ever seen; it lay on the small plot of ground that surrounded my grandmoth- er s cottage. Remembering it as I first sa-w it, shining m the early June sunlight, every leaf and bud a-sparkle, warblers flitting about, robins scurrying over the grass, and the sweet call of the oriole floating from the old elm, I think it vtras the happiest conception of bird gar- den possible. Surely beauty had not been sacrificed m planning this refuge for the birds; indeed, it was quite the quaintest and lovliest of gardens! Only fleeting glimpses of its simple charm could be had from the highway, for great clumps of bush honey- suckle and red-tvi^igged dog-wood screened it from veiw, giving it an atmosphere of intimate exclusiveness that was most delightful. Roses and gilliflowers made the air as sweet as the -winds of Arabia; they gre-w profusely as did Pa^e Two BIRDS y all or GrandmotLer'a flft-wers, and made tke garden a pict- ureeque spot in June. Dainty wallflowers clung to tlie stone wall ttat marked tke east side, wkile stately koUy- nocKS and smiling sunflo-wers vied ■witli eack otlier in trying to peep akove tke top. Clumps of Juneberry, spice Dusk, Japanese dogwood, and otker varieties of skrubs attractive to k i r d s grew about tke old ■well, beside tke ar- bor, ana formed tke kedgerow back of tke garden. In tke spring tkey karbored tke -wkite-crowned, wkite-tkroated, and fox sparro'ws, — aris- tocrats of tke spar- row tribe; tke lively carol of tke early song sparrow- blended deligktfuUy Avitk tke ■wmte-tkroat s clear, s^weet, ■wkistle and many a duet did tkey sing togetker before tke la^er departed for tke Nortk. A. simple patk fringed witk dainty columbine and larkspur guided one to tke cool moss arbor, wkere it -was pleasant to sit on sunny days and watck tke bluebirds teacking tkeir speckle- breasted young to batke in tke bird-pool nearby, or see tke golden oriole feeding lucious ckerries to kis mate in tke pensile nest m tke apple tree. Ihc low weatker-beaten cofiage itself, witk its Page Three BERRIES crannied nooks and crevices, was a haven for birds; it seemed to Dreatne protection ana contentment, so quiet and unassuming -were its soft gray walls adorned witk tke delicate pink of sweet-triar Uossoms in June. Plioebes and swallows appropriated the corners under tke eaves; chippy birds ana yellow warblers concealed tneir tiny Lomes among tbe vines; ruby-tbroats visited tbe scarlet fucnsias tnat grew m tbe lo-wer casements and little s^val- lows fearlessly peeped in at tbose of tbe chambers above. L wo rugged pines, now faintly tinged witb the golden hue of their inconspicuous blossoms, spread their dark branches, that sheltered the nests of kinglets and thrushes, over the lo-w roof of the coftage. A. host of fruit-loving birds lived in the garden m early summer. They feasted continually on choke and wild cherries, and cloyingly sweet mulberries. Seldom at any other season, did the shy, elusive cedar -wax- wings enter the garden, but love of the purple fruit of the mulberry dispelled all fear in June. The bluebirds and orioles were equally fond of it, but they must, perchance, satisfy their appetites with that which fell to the ground, for the wax-wings claimed the trees. On quiet summer days the drowsy hum of bees and the buzz of humming birds joined the chorus of bird twitters. nV ith incredible s-wiftness, the hummers dart- ed from the honeysuckles to the gladiolas, sipping nectar from their showy blossoms. On the shady side of the coftage, m a cool, moist, spot beside a running brook, gre-w a great patch of je-welweed; in August the dainty orange flowers drooped nke pendant ear-je-wels from pale translucent stems. This was a veritable paradise Page Four BIRDS ^ for tlie kummers, and several came each day to banquet tkere. The most exquisite tit of tird life I kave ever seen ^vas tliat of a little motker bummer teaching her tiny t^vins to feed at ttose golden horns - of - plenty. Across the trook in an evergreen glade we wan- dered in the early evening and list- ened to the hells of the wood ttrusli ringing m one of its to'w- ers. His exclusive cousin, the her- mit, never graced the glade ^vith his ventriloquial m^usic, but in the ear- ly days ■w^hen the cottage was new and the evergreens stood at the edge of a forest, his rare voice was often heard. There was no need of a bird garden then, for Nature cared for all the birds around t b e little gray bouse; only the advance of civilization necessitated the provision of food and shelter m order to keep them there. 'Jhe, garden was almost a s attractive m -winter as in summer and it was quite as interesting. ibe scarlet berries of the bittersweet, black alder, and the barberry mingled -with the black fruit of the sheepberry, making a pleasing picture in the sno-w; -when a host of chickadees and nuthatches came to feast on them, the hedge became a thing of beauty. Chinese Christmas berry, arrow- ■wood, Japanese silver thorn, mountain ash, woodbine and ^;| Page Five BERRIES English privet were equally attractive, and tke birds round tneir sniny terries very palataole. Frost s-weet- ened tne purple clusters or 'wild grapes on the arbor and improved the flavor or tne Indian currants. Rare birds, driven soutn-ward by tne icy winds of the Nortn, sometimes invaded tne garden; among tbem were beautiful pine and evening grosbeaks, strange A- merican and wbite--vv^inged crossbills, redpolls, and tbe lovely sno-w buntings. Tney found food to tneir taste in tne mountain asn berries and fruit of tne sumac, ever- green buds, and seeds of various grasses. On cold stormy nigbts tbese featbered visitors found warm sleeping quar- ters in tbe clumps of tbick-leaved evergreens — red ce- dar, cypress, arbor vitae, and jumper — -vs^nicn grew m sheltered corners about tne bouse and among tbe shrub- bery. Nothing gave Grandmother such pleasure during dreary February days as the presence of these charm- ing winter birds about her home. The queer antics of tbe chickadees and nuthatches, and peculiar habits of the woodpeckers, furnished a never ending enter- tainment; while the appearance of a strange bird in the garden was an epoch making event. Unlike that of the purely ornamental garden, its greatest charm lay in its natural simplicity, the hardy character of its lusty shrubs, and the luxuri- ant growth of its wealth of simple flowers; while the pulse of feathered life that beat withm its bor* ders filled Grandmother s heart with joy. Page Six Tha autumnal tirCts of the Virginia Creeper are hewitching ana hewild- ering, — a confusion of rich scarlet and crimson mingling with the soft hlue of the abundant fruit. PLANTING FOR BIRDS AND BEAUTY HERE IS a strong' amnity between rlo^ver lovers and Dira lovers. He \vno ■watcLes eag'erly for tlie first bloom of crocus or of anemone in trie sprmg, looks with equal eagerness for tne first flash of bluebird s ■win|f or trill of robin's love song. Birds and flow- ers and sunshine are so closely associ- ated that they can never be separated. A flower garden Avithout bird life is an incomplete joy. The following list then, is to assist bird lovers and flower lovers so that they may best combine their pleas- ures; so that when they plant a flower, it will be not for their gratification only, but also for the benefit of the birds. Indiscriminate planting may be changed into spec- ialized planting that shall have for its object the attrac- tion and feeding of birds; and no part of the beauty of shrubs or flowers will be sacrificed. NV hen the thrushes and chickadees smg tlieir thanks for the wood-bine, or whole hosts of birds praise your generosity m planting a mulberry tree for them, the bird and. flower lover will be repaid for the fore-thought and care that provided shrubs and plants which not only have beauty of foliage, fruit and bloom, but give the birds a feast for many days. Page Eight BIRDS & vvhite-crowned Sparrow Tnis beautirul bird brings a bit of t K e nortbern forest into tbe garden wben be stops to rest tbere for a few days in spring and fall. He -vvill prolong bis visit w^berever h e i s provided -witb a generous supply o f elderberries. R.uhy-throated Hutntninghird Tiniest of birds and dainty as flowers from wbicb tbey feed, are tbe bummers. Tbey love tbe sweets in red and orange col- ored flo-wers and are always to be found near tbe baunts of tbe jewelweed, cardinal flo-wer, busb noney-suckle, •wild bergamot and trumpet- vme. Tbey are also fond of tbe nectar of salvias, cannas, nasturtiums, gladiolas, colum- bine, fucbsias and tiger lillies. Cedar vVaxwing Sby, reticent cedar birds are lured near buman bab- itations by cboke cberries and mulberries. For days be- fore tbe fruit is ripe, flocks of tbese crested birds may be seen in tbe trees anxiously watcbing for tbe first tinge of red on tbe green berries. Barberries, wild cberries, wild grapes, elderberries, nackberries, and Juneberries, poke- berries and tbe fruit of bucktborn, red cedar, dogwood, juniper and mountain asb also aAract tbem. Page Nina BERRIES Rolh 'in No bird enjoys greater poptilarity, or receives a heartier ■welcome in tne spring tnan the A.inerican robin. Ills one iniquity, Lowever, that of destroying quantities or luscious stra^vberries, cbernes and other varieties or gar- den fruit. Las given him many enemies. Much of this loss w^ould be prevented if -wild fruits, sucb as mulberries, choke cherries ana wild cherries were grown among the cultivated varieties, for all birds prefer the greater acid- ity of uncultivated fruit. K.obins are also very fond of sour gum, barberry, bayberry, mountain ash, red cedar, bush cranberry, dogwood, nackberry, jumper, buckthorn and elderberry. V(/ Kite-throated Sparrow ihe musical voice of the white-throat makes him an ever welcome visitor. He Kkes the fruit of mount- ain ash, barberry, black cherry, bush cranberry, dog- wood, and elderberry, and both common and Japanese millet seed; if a copious supply of these is provided he may be induced to spend the winter months north of his usual winter range. J^ocliinghird The Nightingale of America" as be is sometimes called, feeds on the dried berries whicb cling to the branches of the holly, dogwood, smilax, Virginia creeper, black alder, juniper, barberry, buckthorn, elder, bitter- sweet and bayberry. Like the brown thrasher be seeks tbe protection «/" thickets and shrubbery. Page Ten Planted m a corner of the garden or along a stone wall, tne Climhing bitter- sweet will orignten the winter landscape with its beautiful orange and scarlet herries. Baltimore and Orchard Orioles Seautitul, S'weet voiced orioles love tne scarlet truit of tne cnoke cherry and purple multerries. Either is eaten in preference to ox-neart or other garden cnerries. Juneberries, •wild blacKDerries and elderberries, also, are greatly relished. Goldfinck In late summer goldfinctes frequent tliat part of the garden in ■wnicn tne sunflowers g'ro-sv. Tney like the black and wkite seeds tefier tlian any otter food, and feed on tuem throughout the fall and winter. No pret- tier sight can be seen, in early fall, tlian tliat of a flock of these bright yellow birds clinging to tne brown faces of the great blossoms. Wben sunflower seeds are not obtainable, tne seed of bacbelor s bufions, cbickory, cos- mos and nollynocks calls them. Flicker This golden-winged member of tne woodpecker family is fond of a large variety of fruit. In late summer be may be found feeding on cboke cberries and sour gum, ■wbile the bernes of mountain ash, bayberry and wax myrtle are greatly enjoyed in winter. Barberry, buck- tbom, red cedar, black cherry, cboke cberry, Virginia creeper, dogw^ood, elderberry, wild grape, sour gum, tack- berry, haT^vthorn, holly, Juneberry, juniper, mulberry, pokeberry, smilax, spicebusb and sumac are eaten at various seasons. Page T*svelve BIRDS 6^ Bluebird XLe gentle blueDird, true kartinger of Spring, re- turns to nis summer hom.e so early m the season tnat of- ten the only palataole food to DC relied upon is the dried ana shrunken fruit tLat still clings to tne Difier-sweet, juniper and su- mac. Tke garden m -which these aftractive snruDS are planted is sure to hartor bluebirds in March ana. April, and if, percnance, there are mulberries, mountain ask trees, red cedars, ckoke ckerries, kusk cranberries, Virginia creeper, dogwoods, elderberries, kackberries, June- berries, partridgeberries, smilax, pokeberries ana kolly growing tkere too, tke bluebirds •will know wkere to find food for tkem- selves and tkeir young all summer. Brown Thrasher Tke lively and varied song of tke bro-wn tkrasker endears mm to all -wko know kis vocal po'wers. lie is, kowever, naturally ratker sky and timid and can best be induced to take up kis abode near tke garden, if kemp- aeed, oats and -wkeat are sca^ered in a quiet comer in tke early spring. A. few tangled brusk keaps and tkick, tkomy skrukbery in a skeltered spot may induce kim to spend tke summer, and •will aAract tkruskes, yello-w- kreasted ckats, wrens and otker birds as well. Page Thirteen BERRIES Cuckoos Sotn tne Dlack-billea ana the yellow-l)iIlec[ cuckoos are <^ great economic importance oecause of tne many injurious larvae that tney destroy. Tkey are fond of mulberries. Hairy V(/ood;pecker As tne nairy woodpecker is resident tkrougliout kis range, he may be afiracted in both winter and summer. The fruits of tarberry, tayberry, w^ild blackberry, blue- berry, black cherry, choke cherry, •woodbine, dogwoocU elderberry, wild grape, sour gum, Juneberry, miJberry, pokeberry, spicebush, wild stra-wberry, sumac and vi- burnum are relished. Downy \voodpecker The friendly downy feeds on mountain ash, bay- berry, bittersweet, wild blackberry, blueberry, red cedar, woodbine, dogwood, elderberry, sour gum, June- berry, mulberry, pokeberry, wild raspberry, smilax, wild stra'wberry, sumac and viburnum. Phoebe Secause the phoebe destroys such a large number of injurious flies, -weevils, beetles and other small insects, he IS regarded as a bird of much benefit to man. He varies his insect diet with wild blackberries, black cher- ries, elderberries, mulberries and jumper. BohohnR. Ttis bird of field and meadow w^ill be atiracted to Pa^e Fourteen 7\^o cultivated fruit tree is more heautiful i n S^ugust than a Vvild Cherry decked with its shining fruit. the garden in •wnich he finds tke tirds' favorite fruit — muloernes. Xideaaowlark These larks are ■w^mtenng more and more in tne northern states. In certain localities, -svliere food is pro- vided for tnem, tney are quite numerous ana become very- tame m cold ■weather. Buckwheat ana small gram scat- tered on the sno-w seldom fail to a^ract them. Pine Grosbeak These beautiful tirds appear in flocks in -winter -when they come south-ward m search of food. Mountain ash ana red cedar hemes are favorite fruits. Crosshi/J Erratic ana irregular -w^inter visitants are the cross- hills. Some years they are quite numerous ana m others do not appear at all. They are seen usually, in the -vi- cinity of coniferous trees, as they feed on the seeds or pines, larches, spruces, etc. Their bills are peculiarly adapted to prying the scales from the cones of these trees enahling them to secure the seeds. They are quite fear- less and -will allo-w one to approach -within a fe-w feet. Red^o?} Flocks of these rosy hirds appear m January. They are fond of the seeds of the gray hirch hut may he attracted to one's doorstep -with millet, chaff ana other small seeds. Page Sixteen BIRDS y Pine Siskin Pine siskins are fully as gregarious in tneir nabits as tlie redpolls and crosstills. As tKey feed on the seeds of conifers, large flocks are usually to be seen in localities wkere ttese trees are abundant. Chaff and small seeds also attract tbem. Snow Bunting Tke lovely snow bunting is the true bird of wTn- ter. Delignting in the sno-w and cold, nis buff and -w^bite plumage blending perfectly ■witn the -winter landscape, and usually appearing witb tbe first snow flurry, he is more closely associated With tins season than any otner bird. Most of bis food is gleaned from -weeds and stub- ble but be may be a^racted to one's garden by millet, chaff and -wneat. Slate-colored Junco Tbe slate-gray and -wmte plumage, pink bill and brigbt eyes of tbis plump lime bird make him one of tbe bandsomest of our sparro-ws. Blackbenries, buckthorn, elderberries and -wild stra-wberries a^ract nim. Song Sparrow No sound IS more -warmly -welcomed m tbe early spring tban tbe canary-like -warble of tne song sparro-w. It is at tbis season, -wben tbere are fe-w otber bird voices to be Leard, tbat his song is most appreciated. Xbe fruits of bayberry, -woodbine, -wild blackberry, blueberry, black cberry, elderberry, mulberry, -wild grape, -wild stra-wberry, -wild raspberry and pokeberry are eaten. Page Seventeen BERRIES Fox Sparrow BlacKDerry, Dlueberry, red cedar, elderterry, eu- onymus ana pokeberry are tLe fruits cKosen ty tLis lar^e and richly plumagfed fello-w. Townee The townee or cne-wink is very exclusive in Lis Dreeding hatits, always selecting a dense thicket in a quiet place for Lis nesting site. During the migrating season, however, he is quite social and may frequently be seen m the snruhhery ahout villages and to-wns. Chaff, hemp ana small gram scattered under a brush heap or thicket will usually aftract him at this season. Rose-breasted Grosbeak In certain parts of his range, this beautiful bird seems to have a fondness for the obnoxious potato beetle, an injurious insect eaten by comparatively few birds. He also relishes wild blackberries, elderberries, and wild raspberries, but -when these are not obtainable, the fruits of mountain ash, buckthorn, black cherry, dogwood, Juneberry, mulberry, pokeberry and sumac are eaten. Cardinal Flo-wering dogwood, wild grape, -wild blackberry, mulberry, hackberry, -wild raspberry, blueberry, buck- thorn, red cedar, black cherry, choke cherry, holly and spicebush furnisn food for the flaming cardinal. In the spring be seeks -weed seeds and dried berries under thickets and snrubbery. Wheat, oats and especially corn, scaAered in such places seldom fail 1 6 a^ract him. Page Eighteen Evergreen spires of 'Red Cedar have great landscape ■^ossioilhies and create a pleasing contrast when planted among deciduous trees and shrubs. Scarlet Tanager NVild blackterry, Juneterry, multerry and -wScl raspterry are relisKed ty ttis trilliantly plumaged tird. Red-eyed Vireo \Vild blackterry, dogwood, elderberry, multerry and -wild raspberry -will bring" tte red-eyed vireo to your garden where ms incessant -warble may be beard tbrougbout long summer days. J^yrtle Warhler Tbe bayberry is tbe favorite fruit of tbis -warbler. Red cedar, black cberry and jumper also fumisb mm ■witb food. Catbird Tbe catbird is almost as gifted as bis cousin, tbe mockingbird, in imitating tbe songs of otber birds. Be- cause bis songs are so varied, be is a desirable specie m tbe garden. Xle too, likes tbe protection of tbickets and IS afiracted by sbrubbery and underbrusb. He is fond of tbe -wild blackberry, blueberry, black cberry, cboke cberry, elderberry, mulberry, pokeberry, -wild raspberry, bucktbom, -woodbine, dog-wood, sour gum, smilax and sumac. Cnickadee Tbe friendly cbickadee lives almost entirely on in- sects. In -winter, bo-wever, -wben tbe brancbes of trees are covered -witb ice and sno-w and a sufficient supply or tbese cannot be fovmd, be lives on tbe fruit o/^ bayberry ana sumac. Page Twenty 'The hardy, prolific character o f the Frost ffra^e, and the decorative value of its abundant foliage and clusters of ■pur- ple fruit, make it an admirable utility vine. \Vood Thrush 1 ne liquid notes of this tlirusli are almost as s-weet as those of his cousin, tne nermit; ana as he is not so re- tiring m disposition, his song is more frequently Lteard. rle is nesting more ana more in large shade trees on sub- urban lawns ana m tliickets, skrubbery etc., in sealed communities. He likes tke fruit of vs^ild blackberry, red cedar, jumper, mulberry, -wild stra^^^^berry and viburnum. Hermit Thrush Tbe fruit of tbe Japanese barberry, viburnum, woodbine and b u s b boneysuckle aftract tbe retiring bermit in spring and autumn. In summer be retreats to dark pine and spruce forests where fe-w beside bis mate ever near nis reno'wned voice. Quail and Partridge 1 be lives of many of these game birds migbt be saved every winter by tbe provision of buck^vbeat, wbeat, oats and otber small grain. c •Ss'5*''' Page T^wenty-t-wo Covered with its wealtTi of delicate white Ifossoms in the s;pring, the Flowering T)ogwood is quite a s ornamental a s any garden shrub. The foliage and the scarlet herries are attractive in the fall. d o ci u <1 i-v o i-s o 11,1, OQ H-> en ^ CO ^ ^ , I I , I I ,£, ^ <^ ^ "M "di •4^ Oi a< 3 P4 CO g 1 < u CO >> I 1 1 u n! a a a C< 3 fJ "i s ^ h— J 1— » 1— k f-i (-1 u -d u "" « ,-3 ^ Pi c» Pi! « « ■—I -a -CI d en -a o u !>> 1 -d 01 d SP^>>^>^pi5p^>^^cnO>^ -d u I u •DC d rt a rt U o I o g CO »1 .»3 s c3 S S I. 3 '-Si 1 s d • T-i 2 d o o a rt •on !h -a "-i^ d U'd mo dd ^ -M^H Sk.'^ 3 > -M ^ r-in Oi 3 u ■^ t— i CO t-^ ■DO (Tl ^ :s :^ Q 04 &< 4 «. 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