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 E 47581 037 
 
 Chickamauga. Record of *!Je,0!lio,9,'?M?'''^ 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 032 281 895 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032281895 
 
TO THE GOVERNOR OF OHIO 
 
1. Maj.-Gen. Wm. S. Rosecrans 
 
 2. Maj.-Gen, Geo. H. Thomas. 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bracg. 
 Lieut.-Gen. Jas. Lonc.street. 
 
CHICKAMAUGA 
 
 RECORD 
 
 OP 
 
 The Ohio.Chickamauga and Chattanooga 
 National Park Commission 
 
 BY 
 
 Joseph C. McElroy 
 
 Late Captain I8th Ohio Infantry 
 [Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary of the Commission] 
 
 cincimnati 
 
 Earhart & Richardson, Printers and Engravers 
 
 1896 
 
Errata, 
 
 Page 8. Third line from top, Walthell should be Walthall. 
 
 Page 30. Fifteenth line from top, read guard instead of guards. Twelfth 
 line from bottom, substitute stone for sone. Tenth line from 
 bottom, insert it before was, so as to read " commanded the 
 regiment in the Chattanooga campaign, and it was," etc. 
 
 Page 35. Seventh line from bottom, troop should be troops. 
 
 Page 42. Tenth line from bottom, regiment should be substituted for 
 division, so as to read " the regiment remained at Stevens' 
 Gap till," etc. 
 
 Page 113. Thirteenth line from top, Mitchel should be Mitchell. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Map of the Battle Field, in first cover 
 
 Brief History of the Battle, pages 1 to 21 
 
 Sketches of Ohio Regiments " 22 to 114 
 
 Sketches of Ohio Batteries, " 116 to 133 
 
 Work of the Commission, " 135 to 145 
 
 Dedication of Monuments, " 146 to 199 
 
The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 FIRST DAY. 
 
 THE battle of Chickamauga, one of the bloodiest of modern 
 times, was fought ten miles south of Chattanooga, near the 
 banks of the Chickamauga River, in the North - western corner 
 of Georgia, September 19th and 20th, 1863. The Federal Army 
 of the Cumberland was commanded by Major-General W. S. 
 Rosecrans, and the Confederate Army of Tennessee by General 
 Braxton Bragg. The troops participating in the conflict were, in 
 detail, as follows : 
 
 Army of the Cumberland. 
 
 Commanded by Maj.-Gen. Whliam S. Rosecrans. 
 Gen. James A. Garfiei,d, Chief of Staff. 
 
 Escort at General Headquarters : 
 
 Battalion Ohio Sharp Shooters, 
 
 loth Regiment Ohio Infantry, 
 
 15th Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
 
 Fourteenth Aimy Girps. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas. 
 
 Provost Guard : 
 gth Michigan Infantry, Co. L, ist Ohio Cavalry. 
 
 First Division, Brig.-Gen. Absalom Baird. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. Benjamin P. Scrihner ; 
 Second Brigade, Brig.-Gen. John C. Starkweather ; 
 Third Brigade, Brig.-Gen. John H. King. 
 
The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Second Division, Maj.-Gen. J. S. Negley. 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. John Beatty ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Timothy R. Stanley ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. William Sirwell. 
 Third Division, Brig.-Gen. John M. Brannan. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. John M. Connell ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. John T. Croxton ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Ferdinand Van Derveer. 
 Fourtll Division, Maj.-Gen. J. J. Reynolds. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. John T. Wilder ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Edward A. King ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Brig.-Gen. John B. Turchin. 
 
 Twentieth Army G>rps. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. A. McD. McCook. 
 
 First Division, Brig.-Gen. Jefferson C. Davis. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. P. S. Post, absent guarding trains ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Brig.-Gen. William P. Carlin ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Hans C. Heg ; Col. John A. Martin. 
 Second Division, Brig.-Gen. R. W. Johnson. 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. August Willich ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Joseph B. Dodge , 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Philemon P. Baldwin ; Col. W. W. Berry. 
 Tliird Division, Maj.-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Wm. H. Lytle ; Col. Silas Miller ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Bernard Laibold ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Iv. P. Bradley ; Col. N. H. Walworth. 
 
 Twenty-First Army Corps. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. T. L,. Crittenden. 
 
 First Division, Brig.-Gen. Thos. J. Wood. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. George P. Buell ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Gen. G. D. Wagner, absent at Chattanooga ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Charles G. Harker. 
 Second Division, Maj.-Gen. John M. Palmer, 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Charles Cruft ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Brig.-Gen. William B. Hazen ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. William Grose. 
 
 Unattached, noth Illinois Battalion. 
 Tliird Division, Brig.-Gen. Horatio P. Van Cleve. 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Samuel Beatty; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. George E. Dick ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Sidney Barnes. 
 
Roster. 
 
 Reserve Gjrps. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Gordon Granger. 
 
 First Division, Brig.-Gen. James B. Steedman. 
 
 First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Walter C. Whitaker ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. John G. Mitchell. 
 Second Division, 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Daniel McCook. 
 
 Cavalry Corps. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Robert B. Mitchei,i,. 
 
 First Division, Col. Edward McCook. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. Archibald P. Campbell ; 
 ^ Second Brigade, Col. Daniel M. Ray ; 
 
 Third Brigade, Col. Lewis D. Watkins. 
 Second Division, Brig.-Gen. George Crook. 
 
 First Brigade, Col. Robert H. G. Minty ; 
 
 Second Brigade, Col. Eli Long. 
 
 Chicago Board of Trade Battery. 
 
 Confederate Army of Tennessee. 
 
 Gen. Braxton Bragg, Commanding. 
 
 Escort: 
 
 Dreuxo Company, Louisiana Cavalry. 
 Holloway's Company, Alabama Cavalry. 
 
 RIGHT WnSTG. 
 
 I/IBut.-Gen. IvEonidas Polk. 
 
 Escort: 
 Greenleaf s Company, Louisiana Cavalry. 
 
 Ciieathani's Division, Maj.-Gen. B. F. Cheatham. 
 Brig.-Gen. John K. Jackson's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Preston Smith's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Maney's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Marcus J. Wright's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Otho F. Strahl's Brigade. 
 
The Batti,e of Chickamauga. 
 
 Hill's Corps. 
 
 IvIEUt.-Gen. Daniel H. Hii,i,. 
 
 Cleburne's Division, Maj.-Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. S. A. M. Wood's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Lucius E. Polk's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. James Deshler's — Col. Roger Q. Mills' — Brigade, 
 Breckinridge's Division, Maj.-Gen. J. C. Breckinridge. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Benjamin H. Helm's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Daniel W. Adams' Brigade (Sue. Col. Randall L. 
 Gibson), 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Marcellus A. Stovall's Brigade. 
 Reserve Corps, Maj.-Gen. W. H. T. Walker. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. States R. Gist, commanding Walker's Division ; 
 
 Col. Peyton H. Colquitt's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Mathew D. Ector's Brigade, 
 
 Col. Claudius C. Wilson's Brigade. 
 Liddell's Division, Brig.-Gen. John R. Liddell. 
 
 Col. Daniel C. Govan's Brigade. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Edward C. Walthall's Brigade. 
 
 LEFT WING. 
 
 Liedt.-Gen. James Longstreet. 
 
 Hlndman's Division, Maj.-Gen Thomas C. Hindman. 
 Brig.-Gen. Patton Anderson's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Zach. C. Deas' Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Arthur M. Manigault's Brigade. 
 
 Buckner's Corps. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Simon B. Buckner. 
 
 Stewart's Division, Maj.-Gen. Alex. P. Stewart. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. William B. Bates' Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. John C. Brown's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Henry D. Clayton's Brigade. 
 Preston's Division, Brig.-Gen. William Preston. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Archibald Gracie's Brigade, 
 
 Col. Robert C. Trigg's Brigade, 
 
 Col. John C. Kelly's Brigade. 
 Johnson's Division, Brig.-Gen. Bushrod R.Johnson. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. John Griggs' Brigade — Col. Cyrus A. Sugg, « 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Evander McNair's Brigade, Col. David Coleman. 
 
First Day. 
 
 Hood's G}7ps. 
 Maj.-Gbn. John B. Hood. 
 
 McLaw's Division, Brig.-Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw. 
 
 Erig.-Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Benjamin G. Humphrey's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. W. T. Wo£Ford's Brigade, 
 Brig.-Gen. Goode Bryan's Brigade. 
 
 Law's Division, Brig.-Gen. E. Mclver Law. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Micah Jenkins' Brigade, 
 
 Col. John Sheffield's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Jerome Robertson, Col. V. H. Manning's Brigade, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. G. T. Anderson's Brigade, not in the battle, 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Henry L. Benning's Brigade. 
 
 CAVALRY. 
 
 Maj.-Gen. Joseph P. Wheei,er. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. John A. Wharton's Division, 
 
 Col. C. C. Crew's Brigade, 
 
 Col. Thomas Harrison's Brigade. 
 
 Brig-Gen. William T. Martin's Division. 
 
 Col. John T. Martin's Brigade, 
 Col. A. A. Russell's Brigade. 
 
 Forrest's Corps. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Nathan B. Forrest. 
 
 Armstrong's Division, Brig.-Gen. Frank C. Armstrong. 
 Col. James T. Wheeler's Brigade, 
 Col. George DibuU's Brigade. 
 
 Pegram's Division, Brig.-Gen. John Pegram. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. H. B. Davidson's Brigade, 
 Col. John S. Scott's Brigade. 
 
 On September 18th, at a late hour, the Confederate Army lay 
 on the east side of the Chickamauga River, its right in the woods 
 opposite lyee and Gordon's mill, and its left extending up the 
 stream in the direction of Pigeon Mountain and the town of I^a- 
 fayette. At the same time, the left of the Union Army was 
 posted on the west side of the river, opposite the Confederate 
 
The Battle op Chickamadga. 
 
 right, with its right extending well up the cove or valley of the 
 Chickamauga. 
 
 Rapid changes were made by the commanders of both armies 
 during the night, and by dawn of September 19th a majority of 
 the Confederates had crossed to th,e west side of the river, below 
 I,ee and Gordon's mill. The right of the Confederate Army then 
 lay on the road from McDonald's house to Reed's bridge,' near 
 Jay's saw-mill, and the left near Tedford's place, a half-mile east 
 of Viniard's house. 
 
 The division of General J. C. Breckinridge remained, for a time, 
 at Glass' mill, on the east side of the Chickamauga, while the 
 divisions of Hindman and Cleburne remained between Glass' mill 
 and Alexander's bridge. Later in the day, however, both Cle- 
 burne and Hindman crossed to the west side and engaged in the 
 battle. General Breckinridge, at Glass' mill, was confronted by 
 General John Beatty's brigade of Negley's division, and a sharp 
 artillery fight, with some musketry, was carried on from an early 
 hour for possession of the ford ; at one time. Helm's Confederate 
 brigade crossed to the west bank of the river, but was soon with- 
 drawn. Breckinridge was relieved by Wheeler's cavalry about 
 2.30 p. M., and marched at once for the battle field, halting at in- 
 tervals as he passed in rear of the battle line. Crossing the 
 Chickamauga at Alexander's bridge, he arrived at Jay's saw-mill 
 on the extreme right of the Confederate line at 11 o'clock at night. 
 
 During the night of the 18th, General Rosecrans shifted his 
 army to the north. Early on the 19th, General G. H. Thomas 
 reached McDonald's house, on the Lafayette road, with Baird's, 
 Brannan's, and Reynold's divisions, followed in succession by 
 Johnson's, Palmer's, Van Cleve's, and J. C. Davis'. 
 
 General T. J. Wood was posted at Lee and Gordon's mill, and 
 until 2 p. M. General Sheridan was in reserve at Crawfish Spring. 
 Negley was guarding the west bank of the Chickamauga below 
 Glass' mill. 
 
 General Gordon Granger, with two brigades of Steedman's 
 division, and Dan McCook's brigade, all of the Reserve Corps, 
 was about four miles north of the battle field, near McAfee's 
 church, guarding the road from Chattanooga to Ringgold. 
 
 General Mitchell's and Crook's cavalry were at the fords on the 
 upper Chickamauga ; Minty's cavalry brigade of Crook's division 
 
First Day. 
 
 was driven back from Reed's bridge ; Wilder's mounted infantry 
 had given up Alexander's bridge and Dalton's ford, and before 
 night on the 18th retired to the Lafayette road. 
 
 General Thomas, at about 7.30 A. m., on the 19th, moved Bran- 
 nan's division, in order of battle, east from the I<afayette road. 
 Van Derveer's brigade, forming the left, followed the road from 
 McDonald's house to Reed's bridge ; Croxton^s brigade, on the 
 right, moved east from Kelly's toward Jay's mill; Connell's 
 brigade, in reserve, followed the movements of the front line. 
 General Forrest's cavalry, dismounted, was met after going a 
 short distance, first by Croxton, and soon after by Van Derveer. 
 The Confederates retired fighting until reinforced by Wilson's 
 brigade of Walker's corps. Wilson, on Forrest's left, confronted 
 Croxton. Ector's brigade, also of Walker's corps, was moved 
 into action on Wilson's right, covering a part of Van Derveer's 
 front, while Forrest moved around Van Derveer's left and attacked 
 his rear from the north. Van Derveer changed front several 
 times to meet the Confederate attacks, so that his line at the close 
 of the engagement faced due north. The regiments of Col. Con- 
 nell's brigade, sent forward as the battle progressed, supported 
 the front line, and a fierce, irregular fight was maintained near 
 the road just north of the present Government observation tower, 
 until near 12 noon. 
 
 General Baird with his division, consisting of Scribner's, King's 
 and Starkweather's brigades, followed closely the movements of 
 Brannan's division, his left covering a part of the ground passed 
 over by Croxton's brigade. 
 
 At about 10.30 a. m. the brigades of Ector and Wilson retired. 
 Between 10.30 and 11 A. m. Starkweather, by order from Gen- 
 eral Thomas, relieved Croxton's brigade, which retired to the 
 rear, on the Reed's bridge road, to replenish ammunition. Near 
 11 A. M., Baird having learned ,from prisoners that the enemy 
 was in large force on his right, in the direction of Alexander's 
 bridge, gave General King (commanding his regular brigade) 
 orders to change front in that direction. King had just begun 
 the execution of the order when he was assailed on his right 
 flank by the brigades of Govan and Walthall, of I/iddell's divis- 
 ion ; the former capturing his battery, but not carrying off any of 
 the guns. This attack was in the nature of a surprise, the battery 
 
The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 being captured before it or the infantry in support had delivered 
 their fire. King lost between 400 and 500 men as prisoners, and 
 was compelled to ^retire. Govan and Walthell continuing to 
 advance, next assailed Starkweather; Walthall capturing his 
 battery, carried off its commander and one of its guns. Stark- 
 weather retiring, the Confederates next engaged a portion of 
 Brannan's division. In the meantime, Scribner (who had been 
 delayed by the movements of Grose's brigade, of Palmer's divis- 
 ion, then on a reconnaisance, but which was recalled a little 
 before 11 A. m.), advanced and assailed the left and rear of the 
 Confederate lines, and forced them to the right and rear. Simul- 
 taneous with Scribner's advance, the 9th Ohio, of Van Derveer's 
 brigade, charged and recaptured the battery of King's brigade ; 
 but being immediately recalled by its brigade commander, did 
 not remove the guns. Scribner pursued the enemy to the edge 
 of the D. C. Reed field, capturing many prisoners. About 12 
 noon, however, he was in turn assailed by Cheatham's division, 
 Jackson's brigade, on his left and Smith's on his right, and after a 
 sharp contest was compelled to fall back precipitately. Jackson 
 captured three of Scribner's guns, and the rest were dropped by 
 the battery in its retreat ; two of the latter, however, were recov- 
 ered by Croxton's brigade before the Confederates could get pos- 
 session of them. 
 
 Saon after 12 noon Croxton's brigade, with the 31st Ohio, of 
 Council's brigade, was again ordered forward. Scribner was now 
 retiring before Cheatham, and Croxton was also compelled to fall 
 back until the divisions of Johnson and Palmer, about 12.30 
 p. M., came into action; and not only arrested Cheatham's further 
 progress, but compelled him to fall back beyond the position 
 from which he first assailed Scribner. 
 
 In the advance of Croxton the 31st Ohio recovered the five 
 guns of Starkweather's battery, which Walthall had captured and 
 been compelled to abandon. This regiment also passed over 
 the battery of King's brigade, which had been captured and re- 
 linquished by Govan. King afterward sent a detail and hauled 
 ofi' his guns. It was in this advance of Croxton that two guns 
 of Scribner's battery were also recovered. 
 
 At 3 p. M. Johnson, with the brigades of Baldwin, Willich 
 and Dodge, had fought himself forward until he occupied the 
 
First Day. 
 
 position at the edge of the D. C. Reed field, from which Scribner 
 had been driven. 
 
 Cheatham's five brigades were at this hour (3 p. m.) formed 
 for battle with Jackson's brigade on the right, Preston Smith's in 
 the center and Wright's on the left ; the brigades of Maney and 
 Strahl were in reserve. Palmer moving with Johnson's right, 
 Hazen's brigade forming his left, became engaged with Preston 
 Smith of Cheatham's center, and a desperate struggle occurred 
 for possession of a skirt of timber in the south-east side of Brock's 
 field. Hazen reached the timber first and held it. Cruft's 
 brigade, on Hazen's right, was confronted by Wright's brigade. 
 Grose's brigade was on the right of Cruft, and in front of him 
 was the left of Wright's and the right of Clayton's brigade, of 
 Stewart's division. Reynolds' two brigades, Turchin's and E. A. 
 King's, supported Palmer's line. For a time Turchin protected 
 Hazen's left, but at 4 p. m. he relieved him, the latter retiring 
 to the Poe house, where he became engaged later in the day. 
 King's brigade moved in support of Grose's right, east of Broth- 
 erton's house. 
 
 A. P. Stewart's three Confedefate brigades, Clayton's, Brown's 
 and Bates', came into action on Cheatham's left, extending the 
 Confederate line to a point opposite to the south end of Brother- 
 ton's field. At about 2.30 p. m.. Van Cleve, with the brigades of 
 Sam. Beatty and Col. Dick, had moved into line on the right of 
 Grose's brigade, facing east. Dick's brigade on the right extended 
 the Federal line to a point opposite to Stewart's left. These 
 troops soon became engaged, and for a time a fierce battle raged 
 all along the line. Some of Law's and Bushrod Johnson's men, 
 on Stewart's left, having swung to the right as they advanced 
 from in front of Viniard's house, coming upon Van Cleve's right, 
 turned it, while Stewart's men assailed his front, and the brigades 
 of Dick and Beatty were forced back west of the I/afayette road 
 and north through Dyer's field. At the same time King and 
 Grose were pushed north and west to the Poe house. General 
 Jefi". C. Davis, with the brigades of Heg and Carlin, went into 
 action on the east side of the road at Viniard's place, leaving a 
 gap of near half a mile between the right of Dick's brigade and 
 the left of Heg's wholly unprotected, except by Wilder's mounted 
 infantry, posted some considerable distance west of the road. 
 
10 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 Barnes' brigade,' of Van Cleve's division, was on the right of 
 Carlin, being on the extreme right of the fighting line. These 
 four brigades, Wilder's, Heg's, Carlin's and Barnes', were con- 
 fronted by I^aw's and Bushrod Johnson's divisions, of Hood's 
 corps, and at a late hour in the day by Preston's division, of 
 Buckner's corps, and Hindman's division, of Polk's corps. The 
 Confederates moved to attack at this point about 2.30 p. m., Bush- 
 rod Johnson in advance; Heg, Carlin and Barnes were forced 
 back to the I,afayette road and west of it, where they made a 
 stand. A part of Bushrod Johnson's and I^aw's divisions swing- 
 ing to the right, crossed the road north of Viniard's field and 
 joined Stewart's troops in pursuit of Van Cleve. 
 
 At about 4 p. M. General Wood, having been relieved by Sher- 
 idan at Ivce and Gordon's mill, came up and pushed Harker's 
 brigade into the fight at the north end of Viniard's place. This 
 brigade fell upon the rear of Bushrod Johnson and caused him to 
 turn back and recross the Lafayette road. Here, being reinforced 
 by some of Law's troops, Johnson turned upon Harker, and the 
 battle raged with great fury till sundown. When Wood had put 
 Harker into the battle he brought Buell's brigade forward and 
 placed it in line in rear of Heg's and Carlin's brigades, which 
 were occupying, for the second time, the east side of the road 
 near Viniard's house. Barnes, farther to the right, after being 
 forced back, remained in line near the Lafayette road. The Con- 
 federates now advancing, pushed Heg and Carlin back west of the 
 road, and stampeded Buell's brigade; but they were here checked 
 by the Federal batteries. The Union troops, reinforced at this 
 time by one of Sheridan's brigades sent up from Lee and Gor- 
 don's mill, now moved forward several hundred yards, when the 
 Confederates were again encountered coming out of the woods in 
 two lines, and another bloody battle was fought, lasting till near 
 nightfall. It was here Colonel Heg, commanding a brigade, 
 was killed. The Union troops, at this juncture, held the line of 
 the Lafayette road from Lee and Gordon's mill north to Broth- 
 erton's field. The Confederates had possession of the road from 
 the south end of Brotherton's field to the Poe house. 
 
 At 2 p. M. Negley marched from near Glass' mill with the 
 brigades of Stanley and Sirwell, and arrived at the Widow Glenn 
 house at 4.30 p. m. Then moving east through Dyer's field he 
 
First Day. 11 
 
 attacked and pushed Clayton's and Bates' men back through 
 Brotherton's field, and occupied the west line of that field through 
 the night. 
 
 At 2.30 p. M. General Breckinridge, having been relieved by 
 Wheeler's cavalry, marched from Glass' mill to the battle field. 
 At 3.30 p. M. John Beatty, having been relieved by Mitchell's and 
 Crook's cavalry, moved to join his division, arriving in Dyer's 
 field at 6 p. M. 
 
 At dark Palmer and Reynolds had withdrawn their commands 
 to the line of the Lafayette road; and Johnson, alone, remained 
 in his advanced position at D. C. Reed's farm. Baird was moving 
 toward his left in support; but as darkness was closing about the 
 army, Cleburne moved up from the direction of Jay's saw-mill, 
 and joined Cheatham in an assault upon Johnson's position. 
 After a desperate struggle in the dark woods, lasting almost an 
 hour, in which General Preston Smith and Colonel Baldwin, two 
 brigade commanders, and many soldiers were killed, the Federal 
 line gave way, but rallied again and held its ground till the firing 
 on both sides had ceased, when it marched back to Kelly's field, 
 and the battle of the 19th of September was at an end. 
 
12 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 SECOND DAY. 
 
 ON Sunday morning, September 20th, 1863, when the battle 
 was resumed, owing to changes made by General Rose- 
 crans' troops during the night, the Confederates occupied 
 all the ground fought over on the 19th. 
 
 General Bragg had moved his headquarters from the vicinity 
 of Alexander's bridge to a more central point in rear of his army, 
 and near the road leading from Brotherton's house to Jay's 
 saw-mill. 
 
 Ivieut.-General Polk commanded the right wing of the Con- 
 federate army. Lieut.-General lyongstreet having come on from 
 Richmond, reported to Bragg at 11 o'clock at night on the 19th, 
 and was assigned to the command of the left wing. 
 
 Forrest's cavalry, dismounted, was on the right of Polk's com- 
 mand and north of the road leading from McDonald's house to 
 Reed's bridge. The right of Breckinridge's division of Hill's 
 corps was near the McDonald house and east of the Lafayette 
 road, the line facing southwest. Cleburne's division, also of 
 Hill's corps, was on the left of Breckinridge, facing west, but not 
 connecting with Breckinridge, his left extending south to a point 
 opposite the north end of Poe's field and over-lapping one of the 
 brigades in the right of Stewart's division. Gist's division, 
 Walker's corps, was in rear of the left of Breckinridge's line and 
 within supporting distance. Liddell's division. Walker's corps, 
 was in rear supporting Gist. Cheatham's division, supporting 
 Polk's left, was well in rear of Cleburne, covering the latter's left 
 and Stewart's right. Stewart's division, Buckner's corps, formed 
 the right of Longstreet's command. Bates' brigade, the right of 
 Stewart's division, was formed a few hundred yards east of the 
 north end of Poe's field, facing northwest, while the brigades of 
 Brown and Clayton were in two lines on Bates' left, facing west- 
 ward. Bushrod Johnson's division, Hood's corps, was on Stew- 
 art's left, and a little advanced, facing toward the Ivafayette road 
 and some 400 yards east of Brotherton's house, with a part of 
 Gregg's brigade of this division forming a second line in rear. 
 
Second Day. 13 
 
 I^aw's division, Hood's corps, was in rear of Bushrod Jolinson's 
 right. McLaw's division. Hood's corps (commanded by Ker- 
 shaw), having arrived on the field at 10 A. m., September 20th, 
 was placed in rear of Law's division. Hindman's division, Polk's 
 old corps, was on the left of Johnson's line, extending south to 
 near Viniard's house, and forming the left of Longstreet's com- 
 mand. Preston's division, Buckner's corps, in reserve, was in the 
 rear of Hindman's left. Wheeler's cavalry guarded the left of 
 the Confederate line about Crawfish Spring and the fords of the 
 Chickamauga. 
 
 General headquarters of the Union Army was on the Crawfish 
 Spring road at Widow Glenn's house after 12 noon, September 
 19th, and up to 11 A. m., September 20th. At a late hour on the 
 night of the 19th, after a consultation with the corps commanders. 
 General Rosecrans issued orders for the movement of his troops 
 and the arrangement of lines of battle. Sheridan's division, 
 McCook's corps, was withdrawn from I,ee and Gordon's mill and 
 about the Viniard place, and posted on the right of the new line • 
 at Widow Glenn's. J. C. Davis' division, McCook's corps, was 
 placed on Sheridan's left, extending the line in a north-easterly 
 direction to Negley's right, near the south-east corner of .Dyer's 
 field. Wood, of Crittenden's corps, relieved the brigades of 
 Stanley and Sirwell, of Negley's division, about 9.30 a. m., but 
 prior to this time the brigade of John Beatty, and at a later hour 
 that of Colonel Stanley, moved toward the left to the support of 
 Baird. Negley, when relieved by Wood, moved with Sirwell's 
 brigade north through Dyer's field, where he took charge of fifty 
 pieces of reserve artillery which, as the right of the army soon 
 after gave way, he conducted over the spurs of Mission ridge to 
 McFarland's gap, and subsequently to Rossville. Van Cleve's 
 division, Crittenden's corps, moved into Dyer's field in rear of 
 Wood's and Brannan's lines. Brannan's division, Thomas' corps, 
 was on Wood's left, the line extending north of Poe's house in 
 the direction of Kelly's. Reynold's division, Thomas' corps, on 
 Brannan's left, was advanced 400. yards east, leaving an echelon 
 between Brannan's left and Reynold's right. Palmer's division, 
 Crittenden's corps, was on Reynolds' left, east of Kelly's field, 
 facing east. Johnson's division, McCook's corps, was on 
 Palmer's left. Baird's division, Thomas' corps, on Johnson's left. 
 
14 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 formed the left of the Federal line. King's brigade, being the 
 left of Baird's line, his left being refused, bent to the rear in the 
 direction of McDonald's house. Wilder's brigade and Harrison's 
 regiment of mounted infantry were posted on the west side of the 
 road at Widow Glenn's house, to support Sheridan's right. 
 Mitchell' and Crook, commanding cavalry, were in front of Craw- 
 fish Spring. Granger was still guarding the road to Chatta- 
 nooga, near McAfee's church. The command of General 
 Thomas at this time embraced two-thirds of the Union forces, 
 and included all the troops from Baird, on the left, to Wood's 
 division, west of Brotherton's house. 
 
 At about 9.30 a. m. Breckinridge, moving in order of battle, 
 toward Baird's left, met John Beatty's brigade near McDonald's 
 house while it was in the act of changing position, and on this 
 part of the line the battle of September 20th at once opened. 
 Adams and Stovall attacked Beatty's regiments, forcing them 
 back toward Kelly's house. Helm, commanding the brigade in 
 the left of Breckinridge's line, came in contact with Baird's 
 troops posted behind barricades of logs and stones. After a 
 short but fierce battle Helm was killed, and his brigade repulsed 
 and driven back, with heavy loss. Adams, commanding the 
 brigade in the right of Breckinridge's line, passed to the west 
 side of the road at McDonald's, turned south, and with General 
 Stovall's brigade on his left forced Beatty's troops back to the 
 north end of Kelly's field, where Adams and Stovall were met 
 by Stanley's brigade of Negley's division, in connection with 
 troops from Johnson's and Palmer's reserves. Here the Confed- 
 erates were checked, and under a heavy fire of musketry, and 
 canister from Goodspeed's battery, they broke in confusion, and 
 were pursued as far as McDonald's field. Their loss in killed, 
 wounded and prisoners was heavy. General Adams was here 
 wounded and taken prisoner. 
 
 Cleburne, moving to attack at the same time Breckinridge did, 
 struck the troops of Palmer and Reynolds, who were protected 
 by barricades of logs and rails. Cleburne's right brigade, com- 
 manded by Brigadier-General Polk, withstood, for a short time, 
 a galling and destructive fire from Palmer's men, but finally 
 retired behind a low ridge and out of musketry range. 
 
Sbcond Day. 15 
 
 Wood's brigade, on Polk's left, attacked Turchin's brigade, of 
 Reynold's division, also protected by barricades. The right half 
 of Wood's brigade was soon repulsed and driven to cover; the 
 left half, however, pushed forward until it struck and forced back 
 King's brigade on the right of Reynold's line, and then moving 
 on joined Stewart's troops in an attack upon Brannan at Poe's field, 
 but ^as there repulsed and forced to retire, with a loss of 500 men. 
 
 Deshler's brigade, the left of Cleburne's line over-lapping 
 Stewart's right, was ordered to support Polk, then heavily 
 engaged. In attempting to execute the order Deshler was killed^ 
 in front of Palmer's line, after which the division was withdrawn 
 out of range of the destructive musketry fire from behind the 
 breastworks. While Breckinridge's lines were being retired from 
 the first assault, and when Cleburne's troops were struggling in 
 front of the barricades. Gist, with the brigades of Colquitt, Ector 
 and Wilson, assaulted Baird's and Johnson's works, between 
 Breckinridge on the right and Cleburne on the left, but was 
 quickly repulsed, with severe loss. Colonel Colquitt, command- 
 ing the leading brigade, was mortally wounded near where 
 General Helm had lately fallen. Gist, in his report, says : " One- 
 third of Colquitt's brigade was killed or wounded in this assault." 
 
 Liddell moved his two brigades to the support of Gist, Walt- 
 hall's brigade going to Gist's left with a view of supporting the 
 right of Cleburne, but failing to connect with Polk's brigade, he 
 came under the fire of Johnson's line, and was soon compelled to 
 retire. Govan's brigade, moving to Gist's right, passed west- 
 ward between the Kelly and McDonald farms to the I/afayette 
 road, then, changing its course to the south, moved forward till 
 the right of the brigade came to the north end of Kelly's field. 
 Here the left, striking troops of Barnes' and King's brigades, was 
 arrested in its progress; but the right passed into Kelly's field, 
 and was moving on Goodspeed's battery, under a heavy fire from 
 his guns and from the 15th and 49th Ohio regiments. At this 
 time, however (about 11 A. m.). Van Derveer's brigade filed into 
 the field farther south, and being joined on the right by a part of 
 Willich's brigade, rushed upon Govan's men, now somewhat 
 disorganized, and not only put them to route, but pursued them 
 near a half-mile through the woods. By 12 noon all the troops 
 of Polk's command had retired beyond range of musketry. 
 
16 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 At 11 A. M. the right of Longstreet's command, under Stewart, 
 in conjunction with a part of Wood's brigade, of Cleburne's 
 division, encountered Brannan's line in Poe's field, and for a 
 short time the battle, at this point, was fierce in the extreme. 
 Stewart's men gained the woods west of the road, but being 
 enfiladed by the lines of Brannan and Reynolds, were compelled 
 to retire. After reforming his troops and replenishing ammuni- 
 tion, Stewart again advanced, and remained in position in front 
 of Reynolds' right till 5 p. m. 
 
 Bushrod Johnson, on Stewart's left, had some fighting at about 
 10 A. M. with troops of Buell's brigade, of Wood's division, near 
 Brotherton's house, and succeeded in capturing Colonel Bartleson 
 and a part of his 100th Illinois regiment. But the event of the 
 day for Bushrod Johnson occurred about 11 A. m., when his 
 entire command, supported by Law's division, and followed by 
 Kershaw's, moved directly across the Lafayette road, the right of 
 the line extending north of Poe's house and the left passing 
 south of Brotherton's. By this movement Brannan's division 
 was broken and carried to the rear, while the left of the 
 advancing Confederate column passed through the gap in the 
 Federal line just created by the withdrawal of Wood's division to 
 the left in support of Reynolds. At Dyer's field the brigades of 
 Sam. Beatty and Buell were attacked in flank while marching to 
 the left, and both were pushed westward through the field. 
 Arriving at Dyer's house, Johnson, with Law's division on his 
 right, turned northward and carried all before him, capturing 
 whole batteries of artillery and many prisoners. This movement 
 of Bushrod Johnson, rendered possible by the withdrawal of 
 Wood's division from the Federal line, sent four brigades broken 
 and scattered over the ridges, to the west and north, and 
 separated the troops of Davis, Sheridan and Wilder from the left 
 wing of the Union Army. Johnson's further progress north- 
 wardly in Dyer's field was finally checked by detachments from 
 the brigades of Buell, Sam. Beatty, Connell and Croxton, and a 
 few pieces of artillery. These scattered detachments made 
 several stands at difierent points in the north end of Dyer's farm, 
 and fought till many of them were surrounded and captured. 
 
 Harker, of Wood's division, having passed north of the point 
 of attack before the line was struck, escaped the blow. Now 
 
Second Day. 17 
 
 turning back, he pushed down the north end of Dyer's place and 
 struck Kershaw as he was bringing his division into action on 
 the right of Law and Johnson. Although the odds against him 
 were great Harker continued the struggle until outflanked on 
 his right, when he fell back to the ridge east of the Snodgrass 
 house. The Confederate General Hood was wounded in rear of 
 Kershaw's line, near the east side of Dyer's field, at about 12 noon. 
 
 By this time Brannan and others, by direction of General 
 Thomas, had formed a line, with detachments from broken com- 
 mands, along the crest of the ridge running west from Snodgrass 
 house. The 21st Ohio, the only organized regiment present at 
 the time, being supported by these several detachments, met and 
 repulsed the first attack of Johnson's and Law's men. At about 
 12 noon a part of Stanley's brigade, of Negley's division, arrived 
 from Kelly's field and took position on the ridge directly south of 
 the Snodgrass house. About 1 p. m. Harker, by direction of 
 General Wood, occupied the crest of the unwooded hill east of 
 the house. Lieutenant F. G. Smith's Battery I, 4th U. S. 
 Artillery, was posted between the right of Harker and the left 
 of Stanley. 
 
 At 11 A. M. Hindman, moving with Bushrod Johnson, crossed 
 to the west side of the Lafayette road, south of Brotherton's 
 field, and came upon two brigades of Davis' division. These 
 troops, protected by slight barricades of logs and stones, for 
 a time resisted Hindman's advance, but the long lines of his 
 three brigades, overlapping both flanks, rendered the position 
 occupied by Davis' troops untenable, and they retired in disorder. 
 Arriving at the top of the ridge in Dyer's field, south of the 
 house, Davis' two retreating brigades being closely pursued, 
 intercepted the troops of Sheridan's division moving toward the 
 left at double quick, under orders to support Thomas. This 
 collision of one column on the double quick to the front with 
 another on double quick to the rear led to great confusion, and 
 before order could be restored Hindman, encouraged by his suc- 
 cess, attacked Sheridan with such force and effect that neither 
 the heroic efforts of the officers nor the splendid fighting of many 
 of the men could check the Confederate advance. Here General 
 Lytle was killed. The troops of Davis and Sheridan, mingling 
 in one disorderly mass, retreated west of the Crawfish Spring 
 
18 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 road and over the spurs of Mission Ridge to McFarland's Gap, 
 where they halted and reorganized. 
 
 Generals Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden being in the rear 
 of Sheridan's line when the break occurred, were swept off the 
 field in the general rout. Apprehensive that the day was against 
 him, Rosecrans proceeded directly to Chattanooga to prepare for 
 the reception of his army at that place, leaving Garfield, his 
 Chief of Staff, to return to Snodgrass Ridge with orders for 
 Thomas, who was now in command of all the Federal troops on 
 the battle field. 
 
 After forcing the right of the Federal army off the field, Hind- 
 mand marched his command back to the Dyer farm, reformed 
 his lines and moved to Bushrod Johnson's left, near the Vidito 
 house. At about 2.30 p. m. he joined the troops on his right in 
 an assault upon the Federal lines along Snodgrass Ridge. 
 
 Van Derveer, after his successful encounter with Govan in 
 Kelly's field, joined his division commander on Snodgrass Ridge. 
 Relieving the 21st Ohio, and some detachments which had been 
 co-operating with this regiment, he took position on the right of 
 Stanley, and, until Steedman's arrival, had the largest organized 
 body of men on the ridge. The right of the Confederate line in 
 its assault on Snodgrss Ridge, after getting nearly to the crest at 
 several points, was met by a withering fire from the troops of 
 Harker, Stanley and Van Derveer, and forced back. The left of 
 the line, under Hindman and Johnson, meeting but slight 
 resistance, gained the plateau north of Vidito's house, and pushed 
 north and east toward the crest of the ridge. At this time, how- 
 ever, Whitaker's and Mitchell's brigades of Granger's corps, 
 having marched from McAfee's church toward the sound of 
 battle, arrived at the northern base of the ridge. Led by Steed- 
 man, the division commander, the line charged to the top, now 
 in possession of Hindman and Johnson. The fighting at this 
 point for the next hour was severe, and at times almost hand to 
 hand. The loss on both sides was appalling. The Confederates 
 finally gave way, and retired fighting to the southern base of the 
 ridge. A heavy musketry and artillery fight at long range then 
 followed, varied at short intervals by assaults made by single 
 brigades or divisions from the Confederate side, which were 
 promptly repulsed, usually with great loss to the assaulting party. 
 
Second Day. 19 
 
 About 4 p. M. General Hazen's brigade was taken out of 
 Palmer's line east of Kelly's, and moved to the left of Harker, 
 tbus extending the Union line from Snodgrass Ridge into the 
 timber, and making a rather loose connection with Reynolds' 
 right. 
 
 The movements of the Confederate troops, at this time in front 
 of that part of the Union army occupying Snodgrass Ridge, 
 indicated that a heavy blow was soon to be struck, and the 
 Federal lines hastily prepared for action. At about 4.30 p. m. a 
 combined assault of Kershaw's, Law's, Preston's, Johnson's and 
 Hindman's divisions of Longstreet's wing was made, with great 
 force and valor. General Kershaw, in his report, claims this to 
 have been one of the heaviest attacks on a single point made 
 during the war. The Union lines, for the most part, stood' firm. 
 The Confederates, rushing forward, gained possession of the 
 crest at several points, but were unable to hold it. For almost an 
 hour the fighting was close and severe in the extreme. The 
 Confederates finally giving way, retired to their original position 
 at the base of the ridge. This last desperate assault ended the 
 heavy fighting at Chickamauga. It was now near sunset, and 
 with a view to the retirement of the Federal army to Rossville, 
 Granger, under orders from Thomas, withdrew his command to 
 the next ridge in his rear. Unfortunately, the order to retire was 
 not communicated to the 21st and 89th Ohio and 22d Michigan 
 regiments, which, after Granger withdrew, became the right of 
 the Federal line, and as darkness settled over the ridge they were 
 surrounded and captured by Trigg's and Kelly's brigades, of 
 Preston's division. Not less than six separate assaults were 
 made by Ivongstreet's men upon Snodgrass Ridge, between 12 
 noon and 6 p. m. At dark, when the fighting had wholly ceased, 
 the greater part of the Union line on the ridge was still intact. 
 
 Wilder, being separated from Sheridan's command when the 
 right wing of the Federal army was broken, made his way by a 
 circuitous route to Chattanooga valley. The cavalry at Crawfish 
 Spring, under Mitchell, held its ground until 5 p. m., when it 
 moved with its trains into Chattanooga valley, passing a few 
 miles west of the battle field. Between 5 and 6 p. m. General 
 Thomas issued to the left wing of the Federal army the prelim- 
 
20 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 inary orders for its retirement to Rossville, but many of his 
 troops remained on tlie field until after nightfall. 
 
 As Reynolds moved out of line at the south end of Kelly's 
 field, in execution of the order to retire, he came upon the 
 brigades of Walthall and Govan in the woods west of Kelly's and 
 near the Lafayette road. Stewart's division was moving upon 
 his rear, and with these two brigades of Liddell in his front, it 
 seemed as if he were surrounded. Turchin, however, with his 
 brigade, charged Liddell's men, and drove them back through 
 the woods into McDonald's field, capturing 250 prisoners. 
 Stewart, pushing upon Reynolds and Palmer, as they retired, 
 captured 300 or 400 men near Kelly's hSuse. The most of these 
 men had probably been wounded, and hence were unable to 
 march with their commands. Colonel E. A. King, commanding 
 a brigade in Reynolds' division, was killed a short time before 
 the army retired. 
 
 Some of the troops in the left of General Baird's line did not 
 receive the order to fall back, and hence remained at the barri- 
 cades until they were shot down or captured. The Confederates 
 followed the retiring left wing of the Union army only as far as 
 the Lafayette road. By 8 p. m. the Federal troops had all been 
 withdrawn from Snodgrass ridge, and no attack or pursuit being 
 attempted by the Confederates, were marching quietly toward 
 Rossville, where the rear of the column arrived at 1 o'clock on 
 the morning of the 21st. Taking position here, between Chatta- 
 nooga, one of the objects for which it was contending, and the 
 forces under Bragg, the Union army awaited a renewal of the 
 conflict, but as the enemy did not again offer battle, Thomas, 
 on Tuesday, the 22d of September, marched his army leisurely 
 into Chattanooga, and thus ended the battle of- Chickamauga. 
 The Confederates held the battle field, with the Union hospitals 
 and a large number of wounded prisoners, together with import- 
 ant and valuable captures of artillery and other materials of war, 
 but the Union army obtained possession of and held the city of 
 Chattanooga, a town 350 miles south of the Ohio river, and the 
 central gateway to the far south. 
 
 Both armies suffered severely in killed and wounded. It is 
 estimated that not less than 30,000 men were struck with shot or 
 shell during the two days' battle. 
 
Second Day. 21 
 
 No men on any battle field of the world ever exhibted greater 
 personal daring and more steadfast courage than were displayed 
 at Chickamauga by the rank and file of both armies, and while 
 we may bitterly regret the carnage, grief and waste, which 
 resulted from the conflict, we can not feel otherwise than proud 
 of the stubborn valor manifested in this engagement by the 
 American soldier, whether he wore the blue or the gray. 
 
22 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 J St Regiments 
 
 THE 1st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized October SOtli, 1861, 
 to serve three years, was mustered out, except the veterans, 
 September 24th, 1864. The veterans were consolidated, and served 
 with the 18th Ohio Veteran Regiment till October 9th, 1865. The 
 regiment participated with the Army of the Ohio, and subse- 
 quently with the Army of the Cumberland, in all campaigns and 
 battles from Shiloh to Atlanta, Georgia. At the battle of Chick- 
 amauga the regiment was commanded by Lieut.-Col. Basset 
 I^angdon, being a part of Baldwin's brigade, Johnson's division, 
 McCook's corps. On September 19th, 1863, however, the division 
 to which it belonged was temporarily assigjned to the command 
 of Gen. George H. Thomas, and reported to him at Kelly's 
 house, on the Lafayette road, at about 12 noon. The division was 
 at once deployed for battle. The 1st Regiment, on the right of 
 Col. Baldwin's front line, moving east from Kelly's, some six 
 , hundred yards, encountered the advance of Jackson's brigade, of 
 Cheatham's division. The battle soon spread along the division's 
 entire front, and the enemy was forced back through the woods 
 to the north end of D. C. Reed's field. The regiment held its 
 place in the front line till dark, when Cleburne's division came 
 up and attacked with its usual energy, first striking the regiments 
 on the right, and forcing them back one hundred and fifty yards. 
 The 1st Regiment, holding its ground, enabled the troops on the 
 right to rally; subsequently, it withdrew from its exposed posi- 
 tion in some confusion, but rallied at once on the new line, and 
 not only checked the enemy but compelled him to fall back. 
 The firing soon ceased, and the regiment, at a late hour, retired 
 with its brigade to the Lafayette road. 
 

1st Regiment. 23 
 
 September 20th, the regiment was in line at an early hour, three 
 hundred feet east of Kellyjs field, holding a position in connection 
 with the 93d Ohio, in the left of Baldwin's (now Berry's) brigade. 
 This point was assailed by the enemy at 9 a. m., when a des- 
 perate battle ensued ; the enemy was repulsed and retreated into 
 the woods. Soon after this engagement the regiment was taken 
 out of line, and moved rapidly to the left to Baird's support. 
 Here, in another bitter struggle, the enemy was repulsed with 
 heavy loss. The regiment was then returned to its former position, 
 where it remained under fire until the Federal army retired from 
 the field. On September 22d, while on the bank of Chattanooga 
 Creek, the 1st regiment suffered severely from the fire of a Con- 
 federate battery, and also from the misdirected discharges of a 
 Minnesota battery in its rear. The State of Ohio has caused two 
 granite tablets to be erected to show the positions where the regi- 
 ment fought. The first tablet marks the position where it 
 engaged the enemy at about 12.30 p. m., September 19th; the 
 second marks the position in Baldwin's line, September 20th, east 
 of Kelly's field. The regimental monument, by far the largest 
 single piece of granite on the field, stands in D. C. Reed's field, 
 on the line occupied by the regiment at dark, September 19th, 
 1863. 
 
24 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 2d Regiments 
 
 THE 2d Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized at Camp 
 Dennison, Ohio, July 17th to September 20th, 1861, to 
 serve three years, and was mustered out of service October 10th, 
 1864. It was first engaged with the enemy at West lyiberty, 
 Ky., October 23d, 1861, and subsequently participated in the 
 battles of Penyville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, 
 and Resacca, its last battle being fought July 20th, 1864, at Peach 
 Tree Creek, near Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 The regiment, I,ieut.-Col. Obadiah C. Maxwell commanding, 
 was in 1863 serving in Scribner's brigade of Baird's division, 
 Thomas' corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at Bridgeport, 
 Ala., on the 4th day of September, 1863, moved on to Lookout 
 Mountain, where it was left to guard trains passing through 
 Cooper's Gap. Rejoining its brigade in McLemore's Cove, east 
 of the mountain, it marched from Bird's mUl toward the Chick- 
 amauga battle field, passing army headquarters, at Crawfish 
 Spring, late on the night of September 18th. Arriving on the 
 lyafayette road, north of Poe's house, at daylight on the 19th, the 
 regiment, with the brigade and division to which it was attached, 
 went into action east of Kelly's field about 10 A. m. While 
 ' moving forward to the right of Croxton's brigade it was struck 
 in the flank by Jackson's brigade, of Cheatham's division, and 
 after a severe conflict and heavy loss, was forced to retire to the 
 north and west, where it was soon rallied. Near sundown the 
 regiment moved forward again to the support of Johnson's 
 division, and took part in resisting the night assault made by 
 Cleburne's and a part of Cheatham's divisions. From this death 
 struggle of nearly an hour in the dark woods, our troops retired 
 
2d Regiment. 25 
 
 and bivouacked for the night in Kelly's field. A granite tablet 
 marks the position of the regiment at 11 A. m., September 19th, 
 east of Reed's field. . 
 
 September 20th, the 2d Regiment took position in line with 
 the brigade, about 300 feet north-east of the north-east comer of 
 Kelly's field, where barricades of logs and rails were hastily con- 
 structed. General Helm's Confederate brigade, of Breckinridge's 
 division, attacked the Federal line at this point about 10 A. m. 
 Helm was killed, and his brigade driven back with great loss in 
 killed and wounded. The 2d Regiment maintained its position 
 throughout the day in this terrible angle. Colquitt, Gist and 
 Liddell followed Helm in efforts to take it by assault, but each 
 was repulsed with loss. In executing the order to retire, near 
 sundown, the 2d Regiment lost some prisoners. The State of 
 Ohio has erected upon the ground the regiment so nobly 
 defended a monument of Westerly granite, the cap of which con- 
 sists of a huge acorn, while the legend on the base briefly recites 
 the achievements of the regiment in the great battle. The 2d 
 Regiment lost 9 killed, 50 wounded, 122 captured or missing, 
 making a total of 181. Among the wounded were I<ieut.-Col. 
 Maxwell and Major Beatty. 
 
26 The Battlb op Chickamauga. 
 
 6th Regiment. 
 
 THE 6th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized in June, 
 1861, to serve three years, and was mustered out of ser- 
 vice July 23d, 1864. It was under fire at Laurel HiU, W. Va., 
 July 8th, 1861, after which it was transferred to the Army of the 
 Ohio, then operating in Kentucky. It marched and fought with 
 this army, and that of the Cumberland, from Shiloh to Atlanta. 
 Under command of Colonel Nicholas L. Anderson, of Grose's 
 brigade. Palmer's division, Crittenden's corps, the regiment 
 crossed the Tennessee River, at the mouth of Battle Creek, Sep- 
 tember 3d, 1863, and marched by way of Shell Mound to Look- 
 out Valley. On the 9th, with two other regiments, it moved 
 around the north end of Lookout Mountain and entered Chatta- 
 nooga without resistance. The brigade, now reunited, moved 
 south, crossing the Chickamauga at Lee and Gordon's mill. 
 Skirmishing with the enemy near Grayville and Ringgold, and 
 along Chickamauga Creek, it made a reconnaisanCft to Pigeon 
 Mountain. On the 19th, having recrossed the Chickamauga, the 
 brigade was sent to develop the enemy east of Brotherton's, 
 where it found him in force. The brigade now rejoined the 
 division, and with it formed a line for battle, the tight resting 
 near Brotherton's house, facing east. At 12.30 p. m. the brigade 
 moved forward in two lines, the 6th Regiment in the secotld line ; 
 600 yards east of Brotherton's, Wright's brigade, of Cheatham's 
 division, was encountered, and later Bates' and Clayton's, of 
 Stewart's division. The battle raged with great fury for several 
 hours. The 6th Ohio was moved to the right and front, and was 
 engaged where the hardest fighting occurred. Here the 6th, 
 with the 36th Indiana, and other regiments of Grose's brigade, 
 
6th Regiment. 27 
 
 maintained their positions until tlie troops of Van Cleve, on the 
 right, gave way and retired west of the Lafayette road. The 6th 
 was then retired north of Poe's house to replenish ammunition, 
 and subsequently it was placed in a new line. Colonel Ander- 
 son having been wounded, the command devolved upon Major 
 Erwm. 
 
 September 20th, at an early hour, the 6th Regiment, and the 
 brigade to which it was attached, were in position in Palmer's 
 line, east of the south end of Kelly's field, where barricades of 
 logs were hastily constructed, but before it was attacked the 
 brigade was ordered to Baird's left, which was being furiously 
 assaulted by Breckinridge. Here the fight continued uninter- 
 ruptedly for several hours, with terrible loss on both sides. The 
 enemy finally retiring out of range, the 6th returned to its place 
 in Palmer's line, where it remained until the army retired to 
 Rossville. On this spot the State of Ohio has erected a granite 
 tablet, with an appropriate inscription, and on the ground 300 
 yards east of the Brotherton house, where the regiment was 
 engaged on the 19th, the State has erected a granite monument, 
 at a cost of $1,500, which will commemorate the achievements 
 and sacrifices of the regiment for centuries to come. 
 
 Loss: Killed, 13; wounded, 102; captured or missing, 17. 
 Total, 132. 
 
28 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 9th Regiments 
 
 THE 9th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized May 27th, 
 1861, for three years, and was mustered out of service 
 June 7th, 1864. It was first commanded by Colonel Robert ly. 
 McCook, and in 1861 fought at Rich Mountain and Camifax 
 Ferry, W. Va. In the latter part of its first year's service it was 
 transferred to Kentucky, and on January 19th and 20th, 1862, 
 participated in the battle of Mill Springs. Colonel McCook was 
 promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General April 4th, 1862. 
 Wounded by guerrillas near New Market, Ala., he died of his 
 wounds August 6th, 1862. No regiment is more justly entitled 
 to the thanks of the patriotic people of Ohio for distinguished 
 services in support of the iJnion and the flag than the 9th Infantry. 
 Its last battle was fought near Resaca, Ga., May 13th to 16th, 
 1864. 
 
 The 9th Regiment, Colonel Gustave Kammerling command- 
 ing, was, during the Chattanooga campaign, in Van Derveer's 
 brigade, Brannan's division, Thomas' corps. It crossed the Ten- 
 nessee River at the mouth of Battle Creek, August 31st, 1863, 
 and moved over the mountain to Mcl^emore's Cove, where 
 ^t remained scouting and skirmishing toward Pigeon Mountain, 
 from September 12th until the evening of the 18th, when it 
 marched for the Chickamauga battle field. It arrived at the 
 Kelly house, on the I^afayette road, at dawn on the 19th. The 
 brigade moved east on the road to Reed's bridge at an early 
 hour, leaving the 9th Regiment to guard an ammunition train. 
 Van Derveer, with the other regiments of his brigade, en- 
 countered Forrest's dismounted cavalry, and after a stubborn 
 battle, pushed them back toward Jay's saw-mill. While Van 
 Derveer and Forrest were engaged along the Reed's-bridge road. 
 King's brigade, of Baird's division, was heavily engaged with 
 Wilson's brigade, near a third of a mile to the south. In this 
 assault on King, the Confederates captured the 5th Battery, U. S. 
 Artillery. About this time, however (12 noon). Colonel Kammer- 
 
9th Regiment. 29 
 
 ling appeared on the scene, with the 9th Regiment, and com- 
 plained that "he had not been permitted to take part in the 
 battle." There being quiet in the front at the time. Van Derveer 
 suggested that " the 9th Regiment might move south and retake 
 King's captured battery." Away they went, right down into 
 the Confederate lines, driving them at the point of the bayonet. 
 The battery was recaptured, but as the 9th was recalled by Van 
 Derveer, the guns were not brought off the field. In this action 
 the regiment sustained a loss of 63 men. In the meantime, For- 
 rest having been reinforced by Ector's brigade, suddenly reap- 
 peared on Van Derveer's left and rear, and attacked with his 
 usual energy. Changing front to meet the emergency, Van 
 Derveer, being sorely pressed by a superior force, sent messengers 
 to recall the 9th Regiment, and when it seemed impossible for 
 the brave men of the brigade to hold out longer the 9th came 
 gallantly up in time to render important assistance and prevent 
 the disaster that was threatening the brigade. The enemy soon 
 retired, and the brigade joined the division and bivoucked for the 
 night in Dyer's field. 
 
 September 20th, the 9th Regiment moved with the brigade to 
 the front, and was posted in the north end of Kelly's field, facing 
 north. There, at about 11 A. m., it engaged and routed Go van's 
 brigade, of lyiddell's division. The enemy was driven through 
 the woods until both flanks of the 9th Regiment became ex- 
 posed, when it was ordered back, and at 2 p. m. marched to 
 Snodgrass Hill. Taking its position with the brigade in Bran- 
 nan's line, about 600 feet south-west of the Snodgrass house, the 
 regiment at once became engaged, and fought with the utmost 
 gallantry until darkness closed the battle. On this spot the 
 State of Ohio has erected a granite monument to mark the posi- 
 tion held by this intrepid regiment. It has also erected a granite 
 tablet, with proper inscription, to mark the spot where, on the 
 19th, the regiment retook the battery; and another tablet to 
 mark the place to which it advanced when pursuing Govan's 
 brigade, north of Kelly's field, on September 20th. The aggre- 
 gate loss of the regiment on both days was 248. It suffered the 
 greatest loss in killed of any Federal regiment in the battle. 
 
30 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 tOth Regiment* 
 
 THE 10th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized by Colonel, 
 afterward General, William H. I^j^e, June 4th, 1861, to serve 
 three years, and was mustered out of service June 17th, 1864. It 
 was engaged in battle at Camifax Ferry, W. Va., September 10th, 
 1861, after which it was transferred to Kentucky, and assigned to 
 duty with the Army of the Ohio. Constituting a part of lyj^e's 
 brigade, O. M. Mitchel's division, in 1862 it participated in 
 numerous skirmishes on the march from Bacon Creek to Bowling 
 Green, Nashville, Huntsville, and through northern Alabama. 
 Returning with Buell to the Ohio River, it took part in the battle 
 of Penyville, on the 8th day of October, 1862, where its losses 
 were exceedingly severe. Again, turning south, the regiment 
 retraced its steps to Nashville, with the Army of Gen. Rosecrans. 
 In the early part of November, it was assigned to duty as provost 
 guards, at headquarters. Department of the Cumberland, and con- 
 tinued to serve in this capacity through the Sone River, Tulla- 
 homa and Chattanooga campaigns. Lieut.-Col. William M. Ward 
 commanded the regiment in the Chattanooga campaign, and was 
 present with the commander of the army at Crawfish Spring, Sep- 
 tember 19th, and also at Widow Glenn's house on the morning of 
 September 20th, till near 10 A. m., when it was sent to escort trains 
 north on the Chattanooga road. About 12 noon Longstreet as- 
 saulted and broke the Federal line north of Brotherton's house, on 
 the Lafayette road, carrying the three divisions forming the Federal 
 right off the field, and pushing them west and north over the 
 spurs of Mission Ridge to McFarland's Gap. The 10th Regiment 
 having been halted at McFarland's Gap, rendered most valuable 
 
10th Regiment. 31 
 
 service in collecting and organizing tlie troops from these broken 
 and routed commands. The commander of the regiment here 
 reported to Gen. J. C. Davis, and joining his command, marched 
 back with it toward the battle field, with the hope of relieving 
 Gen. Thomas, who was then struggling against great odds. The 
 State of Ohio has erected a granite monument near Widow 
 Glenn's house, to commemorate the services of the 10th Regi- 
 ment in this campaign and battle. 
 
32 The Battle of Chickamadga. 
 
 tJth Regiment 
 
 THE 11th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized June 20th to 
 September 3d, 1861, to serve three years, and was mustered 
 out, except recruits and veterans, in June, 1864. The battalion 
 of veterans was mustered out June 11th, 1865. Col. Charles A. 
 Devillers, the first commander, marched the regiment to West 
 Virginia and Maryland, where it participated in the battles of 
 Frederick, South Mountain, and Antietam. Early in the year 
 1863 the regiment was transferred to the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, serving first in the brigade of Gen. George Crook, and after- 
 ward in that of Gen. J. B. Turchin. The regiment, under com- 
 mand of Col. Philander P. I<ane, was with Turchin's brigade, 
 Reynold's division, Thomas' corps, when it crossed the Tennessee 
 River, at Shell Mound, September 1st, 1863. Crossing Sand and 
 l/ookqut Mountains, it arrived at Pond Springs, Ga., September 
 14th, where it remained, guarding the western opening to Catiet's 
 Gap, in Pigeon Mountain range, until the 18th. It then marched 
 for the Chickamauga battle field, spending the night on the way, 
 and arrived at the I^afayette road, north of Poe's house, about 
 12.30 p. M. on the 19th. The brigade to which it belonged was 
 put in line east of the road, in support of Hazen's brigade, 
 Palmer's division, at 2 p. m. At 3 p. m. the brigade relieved 
 Hazen, and soon afteir changed front by a half-wheel to the right, 
 where it met and repulsed a column of the enemy, which was 
 advancing upon Cruft's left and front, pushing him to the rear. 
 Here the State of Ohio has erected a granite tablet to mark the 
 most advanced position of the regiment. The regiment and 
 its brigade were, before nightfall, withdrawn to a new line east 
 of the south end of Kelly's field. 
 
11th Regiment. 33 
 
 September 20t]i tlie regiment occupied, throughout the day, a 
 position in the left of the brigade, in the front line east of the 
 Kelly field, where it was confronted and assaulted by troops of 
 Cleburne's and Stewart's divisions alternately. It assisted in 
 resisting and repulsing every assault until about 5 p. m., when 
 its brigade was taken out of line to commence the movement to 
 retire the army. On the west side of the road, at Kelly's, the 
 brigade encountered Liddeirs division, which had moved around 
 the Federal left, and was marching south, in rear of Baird's and 
 Johnson's divisions, through a thick woods. Turchin quickly 
 formed his brigade west of the road, facing north, and charged 
 the head of the Confederate line. The enemy was checked and 
 turned back through the woods into McDonald's field, with a loss 
 of 250 men, as prisoners. The brigade was reformed on the 
 ridge west of McDonald's and, later, retired to Rossville. The 
 State of Ohio has erected a second granite tablet to the 11th Regi- 
 ment to mqrk the spot in McDonald's field where it overtook and 
 captured the prisoners. The regimental monument erected by 
 the State is a beautiful shaft of polished Barre granite, and stands 
 on the line east of Kelly's field, where the regiment performed 
 most conspicuous service throughout the day of September 20th, 
 1863. 
 
34 The Batti,e of Chickamauga. 
 
 13th Regiment, 
 
 THE 13th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized June 26th, 1861, 
 to serve three years, was mustered out of service, except 
 the veterans, June 24th, 1864. The veterans of the regiment were 
 retained in the service until December 5th, 1865. The regiment was 
 under fire at Shiloh, April 6th, 1862, making a conspicuous record 
 there, after which its first Colonel, Wm. Sooey Smith, was pro- 
 moted to Brigadier-General of Volunteers. During the same 
 year (1862) the regiment fought at Perryville and Stone River. 
 I/ieut.-Col. Elhannon M. Mast commanded the regiment in the 
 Chattanooga campaign; serving in Col. Dick's brigade. Van 
 Cleve's division, Crittenden's corps, it crossed the Tennessee 
 River at Bridgeport, Ala., September 7th, 1863. On the 10th it 
 marched over I<ookout Mountain and reached I/Ce and Gordon's 
 mill on the Chickamauga the same night. It joined its division 
 near Ringgold on the 11th, and remained between Ringgold and 
 Lafayette two days, when it re-crossed the Chickamauga and 
 marched down the west bank of the river to near Red House 
 bridge, and on the 15th up the river again to Crawfish Spring. 
 On the 18th it supported Gen. Wood at I<ee and Gordon's mill. 
 About 1 p. M., on the 19th, the regiment, with its brigade, was 
 ordered double quick to the support of Gen. Thomas, a few 
 hundred yards east of Brotherton's house. Here the brigade was 
 posted on the right of Gen. Sam Beatty's brigade. About 2.30 
 p. M. the enemy attacked in front, and soon after on the right 
 flank of the brigade, turning and pushing it back through Broth- 
 erton's field, just south of the house. At this time there was an 
 unoccupied space to the right of Col. Dick's brigade, of near half 
 a mile, through which the Confederates, under Stewart and 
 
13th Regiment. 35 
 
 Bushrod Johnson, rushed with great impetuosity, driving Dick 
 and Beatty west through Brotherton's and Dyer's fields to the 
 Crawfish Spring road. In a skirt of woods just west of Brother- 
 ton's field, lyieut.-Col. Mast, of the 13th, was killed while endeav- 
 oring to stay the tide of defeat. Here also Major Snider was 
 wounded. The regiment, now under command of Capt. Horatio 
 G. Cosgrove, took a position on the ridge west of the Crawfish 
 Spring road, a little south of Vidito's house, and remained there 
 till the morning of September 20th. At 10 A. m., oii the second 
 day of the battle, it was moved with the brigade to the front, west 
 of Brotherton's; and about 12 noon, while moving to thfe left, was 
 attacked by the enemy, but the brigade succeeded in passing the 
 disastrous break in the Federal line, which occurred at this hour, 
 and afterward did some fighting in the woods in rear of Gen. 
 Baird's left. Here the brigade became separated and regiments ' 
 were divided into squads. A detachment of the 13th, however, 
 under Capt. Cosgrove, rallied with the colors on Snodgrass ridge, 
 and fought with Gen. Brannan's troop until nightfall. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument, bearing a 
 bronze panel with a battle scene in relief, representing the 13th 
 regiment in action, and the death of Col. Mast. This monu- 
 ment stands on the ground, 400 feet east of the center of Broth- 
 erton's field, where the 13th Regiment was first engaged about 
 2.80 p. M., September 19th. 
 
36 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 14th Regiment* 
 
 THE 14tli Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized September 5th, 
 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out of service, ex- 
 cept veterans and recruits, at the expiration of its term of service. 
 The regiment served with great distinction in all the battles of the 
 Army of the Ohio and that of the Cumberland, from Mill Springs, 
 Ey., to Goldsboro, N. C. The regiment, Ivieut.-Col. Henry D. 
 Kingsbury commanding, formed a part of Croxton's brigade, of 
 Brannan's division, Thomas' corps. It crossed the Tennessee 
 River on log rafts, at the mouth of Battle Creek, September 1st, 
 1863, and arrived at the head of McLemore's Cove, east of Lookout 
 Mountain, September 12th. On the evening of the 18th the whole 
 division marched for the Chickamauga battle field, reaching the 
 Kelly house at dawn on the 19th. There the brigade was de- 
 ployed in line of battle, and moved east through a dense forest 
 in search of the enemy, the 14th Regiment on the right of the 
 brigade and in the front line. After advancing three-quarters of 
 a mile, Forrest's cavalry, dismounted, and Wilson's brigade of 
 Walker's corps, were met, and a desperate conflict followed. 
 Finally, about 11 a. m., the enemy gave way, and moved back 
 toward Jay's saw-mill. In this battle the 14th Regiment main- 
 tained an advanced position on the right of the brigade, and was 
 assaulted both from front and right flank ; and here it suffered its 
 greatest loss in killed and wounded. The State of Ohio has 
 erected a granite tablet to mark the position occupied by the reg- 
 iment on this occasion. 
 
 Sept,ember 20th the regiment was, at an early hour, in line with 
 the brigade west of the Lafayette road, near Poe's house. Here, 
 at 11.30 A. M., it received the assault made by the divisions of 
 
14th Regiment. 37 
 
 Kershaw and Stewart. At this time, the troops of Sheridan, J. C. 
 Davis, and Van Cleve, on its right and to its rear, had given way, 
 and were retiring westwardly through Dyer's field. Croxton's 
 brigade, being thus exposed, was struck by the advancing enemy 
 both in front and flank, and driven in disorder to the rear. The 
 14th Regiment became broken and divided, but large detachments 
 rallied and fought with other troops till the battle ended. Its loss 
 was thirty-five killed, 167 wounded, and forty-three captured or 
 missing, which is all-sufiGLcient evidence of its fighting qualities. 
 The State of Ohio has erected a monument of granite and bronze 
 upon the ground occupied by the 14th Regiment on Sunday fore- 
 noon, September 20th, 1863, a few hundred feet north-west of the 
 site of Poe's house. 
 
38 The; Batti^e op Chickamauga. 
 
 J 5th Regiment* 
 
 THE 15tli Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized in the month of 
 September, 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out at 
 the expiration of its term of service, except the veterans, who 
 were retained until November 21st, 1865. The regiment partici- 
 pated in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th, 1862, after which it fol- 
 lowed the fortunes of the Army of the Cumberland till the end 
 of the war. The regiment, Lieut-Col. Frank Askew command- 
 ing, formed a part of Willich's brigade, of Johnson's division, 
 McCook's corps, in the Chattanooga campaign. Leaving Bell- 
 fonte, Ala., the regiment crossed the Tennessee River at Caper- 
 ton's Ferry, August 31st, 1863, and, marching over the two moun- 
 tain ranges, encamped on the 10th at Alpine with the right wing 
 of the army. Here it remained until the 14th, when the whole 
 command recrossed the mountain, and moved by way of Stevens' 
 Gap to McLemore's Cove, and thence to the vicinity of Catlett's 
 Gap, in Pigeon mountain. On the 18th it marched for the 
 Chickamauga battle field, and reported to Gen. Thomas. At 
 11.30 A. M., September 19th, the division was formed in line of 
 battle and moved east from Kelly's house. After advancing a 
 half mile through a thick woods, the Confederate brigades of 
 Jackson and Smith, of Cheatham's division, were met. A furious 
 battle took place, and was maintained with great energy and 
 gallantry on both sides. Willich's and Baldwin's brigades in the 
 front line advanced, pushing the Confederates back nearly a mile 
 to D. C. Reed's field, where temporary barricades were con- 
 structed. For several hours the firing was slack, and no further 
 advance was attempted. As night came on, however, the Con- 
 federates, reinforced by Cleburne's division, assaulted in great 
 
15th Regiment. 39 
 
 force, and for more than an hour in the dark woods the work of 
 human slaughter went on with unabated fury. In this engage- 
 ment the 15th Regiment held a central position in the brigade and 
 division, and was in the thickest of the battle. When the struggle 
 ended the division was ordered to retire to a new position just 
 east of Kelly's field. 
 
 September 20th the 15th Regiment was in the Kelly field, north 
 of the house, and in the second line of the brigade. Here it 
 supported Goodspeed's battery, and fought throughout the day. 
 The State has erected a granite tablet to the 15th Regiment at the 
 point where Capt Goodspeed mentions its splendid support of his 
 battery. The monument of granite erected to the 15th Regiment 
 stands upon the ground near D. C. Reed's field, where it assisted 
 in the repulse of the night assault, September 19th. The site of 
 the monument is 100 feet north of the graded road, and 200 feet 
 directly in rear of the monument stands the historic pine that 
 shows more wounds from cannon shot and shell than any other 
 tree on the battle field. 
 
40 Thb Batti,b op Chickamauga. 
 
 J 7th Regiment* 
 
 THE 17th Regiment, Ohio Intantry, organized in September, 
 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out at the expira- 
 tion of its term of service; the veterans were retained in the 
 service till July 16th, 1865. The regiment, first commanded 
 by Col. John M. Connell, and later by Col. Durbin Ward, was 
 a part of Gen. Sherman's army on the march to the sea. At 
 Chickamauga, the regiment. Col. Durbin Ward commanding, 
 constituted a part of Connell's brigade, Brannan's division, 
 Thomas' corps. With the remainder of the command it crossed 
 the Tennessee River, at the mouth qf Battle Creek, September 
 2d, 1863 ; moving over the mountains it arrived at McI,emore's 
 Cove on the 12th, and remained there till the 18th, when it 
 marched for the battle field, and reached Kelly's farm at an early 
 hour on the 19th. The division formed for battle, with Croxton's 
 brigade on the right. Van Derveer's on the left,' and Connell's in 
 reserve. The front line soon moved forward and engaged For- 
 rest's cavalry, dismounted, supported by two brigades of infantry, 
 Wilson's and Ector's. The 17th Regiment was now sent to Van 
 Derveer's support, and, taking position on his right, soon became 
 engaged in the general battle. It at first pushed the enemy back 
 toward Jay's saw-mill, and then supporting a charge made by the 
 9th Ohio, it assisted in recapturing King's battery from the 
 enemy. At about 1 p. m., the enemy having been repulsed, the 
 17th rejoined its brigade, and retired with it to Dyer's field, where 
 it passed the night. 
 
 Early September 20th the regiment was west of the Lafayette 
 road, near the Poe house, on the right of the brigade and in the 
 front line. About 12 noon Kershaw's division advanced obliquely 
 
17th Rkgiment. 41 
 
 from southeast to northwest, and struck the brigade, first in 
 front, then in the right flank, carrying it to the rear. The right 
 wing of the army having already given way, the 17th, with its 
 brigade, was broken into small detachments. " Col. Ward, how- 
 ever, rallied a considetable number of his men and, with the 
 colors of the regiment, moved forward through Dyer's field to 
 meet and check the enemy, but only to be again overpowered by 
 the oncoming hosts of I^ongstreet. The fighting of the regiment 
 at this point was desperate, but of short duration. The little 
 band suffered fearfully, and was forced off the field, but, rallying 
 again with the division commander on Snodgrass Hill, it con- 
 tinued fighting till night closed the conflict. Col. Ward was 
 wounded about 2 p. M. Another detachment of the regiment 
 rallied under Major Butterfield, near McFarland's Gap ; here it 
 remained until marched to Rossville, where, on the morning of 
 the 21st, the regiment was reunited and ready for action. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite tablet at the point 
 where the 17th supported Van Derveer's right, September 19th, 
 600 feet south of the observation tower, near the road leading 
 to Reed's bridge. A second tablet to the 17th stands on Snod- 
 grass Hill, where the detachment fought and Col. Ward was 
 wounded September 20th. The monument to the 17th regi- 
 ment is located 200 feet west of the Lafayette road, near the site 
 of the Poe house, on the ground where the 17th was so furiously 
 assailed about 12 noon, September 20th. 
 
J 8th Regiment, 
 
 THE 18th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized September 28th, 
 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out, except veterans 
 and recruits, November 9, 1864. The veterans of, the regiment, 
 consolidated with detachments from other Ohio regiments, 
 and designated the 18th Veteran Ohio Infantry, were retained in 
 the service till October 9th, 1865. The regiment served with the 
 Army of the Ohio, afterward Army of the Cumberland, from 
 October 1st, 1861, till mustered out of service. It participated 
 with Gen. O. M. Mitchel's division in all its marches and skir- 
 mishes from Bacon Creek, Ky., throughout its campaign in north 
 Alabama. In the Summer and Autumn of 1862 it was with Gen. 
 Negley at Nashville, and remained with him when Gen. Buell's 
 army marched back to the Ohio River. The regiment took 
 part in a fight at I^avergne, Tennessee, October 10th, when the 
 Confederates, under Gen. Anderson, were routed and two Con- 
 federate regiments captured. At the battle of Stone River, 
 December 30th, 1862, to January 3d, 1863, the 18th suffered a 
 loss of fifty-two men killed and mortally wounded; and 200 
 others more or less severely wounded. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, I/ieut.-Col. C. H. 
 Grosvenor commanding, served in Stanley's brigade, Negley's 
 division, Thomas' corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at Caper- 
 ton's Ferry, September 1st, 1863; crossed Sand Mountain on the 
 2d, and I^ookout on the 10th. With the brigade and division it en- 
 gaged the enemy at Dug Gap, before Pigeon Mountain, on the 
 11th. Here, after a brisk fight lasting several hours, the posi- 
 tion and strength of the enemy were such as to compel the entire 
 division to retire to the foot of the mountain. In this fight, called 
 Davis' X Roads, the 18th Regiment sufiered a considerable loss in 
 killed and wounded. The division remained at Stevens' Gap till 
 the 15th, when it moved down to McI<emore's Cove, and on the 
 18th to Crawfish Spring. On the 19th, at an early hour, it sup- 
 ported Gen. John Beatty's brigade while it was engaged with 
 Gen. Breckinridge, at Glass' mill, on the Chickamauga. About 
 2 p. M. the enemy retired, and the 18th joined its brigade at 
 Crawfish Spring, and marched directly to the Chickamauga 
 battle field. Soon after 4.30 p. m. it went into action west of 
 Brotherton's field, in a skirt of woods. The enemy was pushed 
 back across the I^afayette road, and the regiment occupied the 
 
18th Regiment. 43 
 
 ground till 9 A. m., September 20tli. At the hour named it was 
 moved with the brigade toward the left, passing west of the 
 Lafayette road. The Confederates were met near the north end of 
 Kelly's field, where, under Gen. Adams, they were pushing two 
 regiments of Gen. John Beatty's brigade back in some confusion. 
 These regiments having passed to the rear, the 18th and the 11th 
 Michigan, of Stanley's brigade in the first line, and the 19th 
 Illinois in the second, delivered a volley which caused the 
 enemy to halt, and soon after to break in confusion to the rear. 
 The order was now given to move forward; Gen. Beatty led 
 the charge, which was continued near a half mile to McDonald's 
 field. Gen. Adams was wounded and fell into our hands, being 
 run over by the 18th Regiment. Here also a number of his 
 officers and men were captured. The brigade was then marched 
 to Snodgrass Hill, where a part of the 18th for a time sup- 
 ported lyieut. F. G. Smith's artillery, in action south-east of Snod- 
 grass House, while other parts of it assisted the 11th Michigan 
 and 19th Illinois in holding the line of work to the right of the 
 battery. At 5 p. M. Gen. Preston's division joined Kershaw's 
 in a final efibrt to capture the ridge. Gen. Gracie's brigade, 
 moving directly toward the front of Stanley's brigade, pushed 
 up to the crest, and for a time the Confederates held the works. 
 This was the crisis. Gen. Beatty, coming from the right of 
 the line, called upon Col. Grosvenor to move the 18th double 
 quick to the works, about 300 feet away. The Colonel promptly 
 ordered the regfiment forward, and himself and Gen. Beatty 
 charged with it. The barricade was retaken, and several Con- 
 federates captured. The enemy now retired in haste to the base 
 of the hill, and the battle was at an end. In this charge Capt. 
 David Carlin bore the colors of the 18th, and, rushing well in ad- 
 vance of all others, was shot down just as he reached the barri- 
 cade. 
 
 It is on the ground where Capt. Carlin fell, severely wounded, 
 that the monument of the 18th Regiment is erected. A granite 
 tablet marks the line west of Brotherton's field, where the regi- 
 ment went into action September 19th. A second tablet stands 
 on the west side of the Lafayette road, at Kelly's, where the 
 regiment moved forward in pursuit of Gen. Adams' brigade, Sep- 
 tember 20th. 
 
44 Thb Batti,*; of Chickamauga. 
 
 J 9th Regiment* 
 
 THB 19th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from Sep- 
 tember 25, 1861, to January 1st, 1862, to serve three years. 
 Col. Samuel Beatty was its first commander. It first saw service 
 in battle at Shiloh, April 6th, 1862, and its last battle was 
 at Nashville, December 15th, 1864. The veterans and re- 
 cruits of the regiment were retained in the service till October 
 24th, 1865. The regiment, I^ieut.-Col. Henry G. Stratton com- 
 manding, was, during the Chattanooga campaign, in Gen. Samuel 
 Beatty's brigade. Van Cleve's division, Crittenden's corps. It 
 crossed the Tennessee River at Shell Mound, September 4th, 
 1863, and with the brigade passed I/Ookout Mountain, via Nicka- 
 jack trace, on the 9th. Resting for the night at Rossville, it 
 crossed the Chickamauga at Lee and Gordon's mill on the 10th, 
 and proceeded toward Ringgold and Dalton. It met the enemy 
 on the ,13th, near Lafayette, and in the engagement lost two men 
 killed. On the 18th it moved to Gen. "Wood's left, near Lee and 
 Gordon's mill, and remained there till 1 p. m., September 19th, 
 when it was ordered to move on the double quick north to Gen. 
 Palmer's right, near Brotherton's. The battle being on, the 
 brigade to which the regiment was attached formed on a ridge 
 200 yards east of the Lafayette road, the 19th on the right of the 
 front line. Here the battle for a time was exceedingly severe, 
 but the enemy finally fell back, and in doing so abandoned a 
 battery, which the 19th assisted in bringing off the field, and 
 with it twenty Confederates as prisoners. The enemy being 
 reinforced, again advanced, and turning the right of the brigade, 
 forced it back. The 19th was retiring in order when a Federal 
 battery, posted on the ridge south of Brotherton's house, by mis- 
 
19th Regiment. 45 
 
 take, fired into it, killing and wounding a number of men. In 
 the confusion which ensued the regiment scattered, but was 
 rallied west of Dyer's farm, where it bivouacked for the night. 
 September 20th the brigade moved to the front and formed on 
 the west of Poe's house, in Dyer's field. Here the break in the 
 Federal line occurred about 12 noon, and the troops from Crox- 
 ton's and Connell's brigades were forced back, thereby throwing 
 the 19th Regiment and its entire brigade into confusion, and 
 separating them. A detachment of the regiment afterward 
 rallied and fought with Brannan's troops on Snodgrass Ridge till 
 the close of the battle. A granite tablet has been erected at the 
 point occupied by a detachment of the regiment on Snodgrass 
 Ridge, September 20th, and the regimental monument stands on 
 the ground over which the regiment fought on September 19th, 
 600 feet due east of Brotherton's house. 
 
46 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 2 J St Regiment* 
 
 THE 21st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized September 19tli, 
 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out, except recruits 
 and veterans, at the expiration of its term of service. It was 
 first engaged in battle at Troy Mountain, Ky., November 9th, 
 1861. Its last battle was fought at Bentonville, N. C., March 
 19th and 21st, 1865. The regiment served with credit through 
 all the campaigns and battles of the Army of the Cumberland, 
 including the Atlanta campaign and Sherman's march to the 
 sea. In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, lyieut.-Col. 
 D. M. Stoughton commanding, was in Col. Sirwell's brigade, 
 of Negley's division, Thomas' corps. With its brigade it crossed 
 the Tennessee River, at Caperton's Perry, September 1st, 1863. 
 It engaged the enemy at Dug Gap, on the 11th, where it suffered 
 a slight loss. It moved to Crawfish Spring on the 18th, and on 
 the 19th proceeded with the brigade to the battle field of Chicka- 
 mauga, reaching Widow Glenn's at 4.30 p. m. Going into 
 action a little later, west of the south end of Brotherton's field, it 
 pushed the enemy back east of the I/afayette road, and then 
 bivouacked west of the field. 
 
 About 11.30 A. M., September 20th, the regiment was placed 
 in line on the ridge near Snodgrass' house, in support of Gen. 
 Brannan, who was collecting his forces there. Here the regi- 
 ment performed most important service. Armed with Colt's 
 revolving rifles, it defended the ridge for several hours, sup- 
 ported only by fragments of broken and routed regiments, 
 which had fallen back and been rallied in squads. The splendid 
 fighting of this regiment, and the detachments of other regi- 
 ments co-operating with it, kept the enemy in check from 11 
 
21sT Regiment. 47 
 
 A. M. until the arrival of Stanley's, Van Derveer's, and Granger's 
 commands. Subsequently, the 21st was posted on the extreme 
 right of Brannan's line ; here I/ieut.-Col. Stoughton was mortally 
 wounded, and the command devolved upon Maj. McMahon. In 
 the dusk of the evening a superior force of the enemy, gaining 
 its rear, surprised and captured 131 of its ofScers and men, Maj. 
 McMahon being included among the number. Capt. Charles H. 
 Vantine now assumed command of the battalion, and conducted 
 it to Rossville, where, on the morning of September 21st, it 
 joined its brigade. 
 
 The State of Ohio has placed a granite tablet west of Broth- 
 erton's field to mark the position where the 21st fought on the 
 evening of the 19th, and has erected the regimental monument 
 on Snodgrass Hill, 300 feet west of the observation tower, at the 
 point where the surprise and capture occurred. 
 
48 Thb BattlB op Chiceamauga. 
 
 24th Regiment* 
 
 THE 24th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized at Camp 
 Chase, Ohio, May 29th, 1861, to serve three years. Col. 
 Jacob Ammen was its first commander. Its first service was in 
 West Virginia, but in the Fall of 1861 it was transferred to Ken- 
 tucky, and from this time on it was closely identified with the 
 Army of the Ohio and that of the Cumberland, participating in all 
 the campaigns and battles of these armies from Shiloh to Buzzard 
 Roost, and Rocky Faced Ridge. In the Chattanooga campaign 
 the regiment. Col. David J. Higgins commanding, served in Col. 
 Grose's brigade, Palmer's division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed 
 the Tennessee River east of Bridgeport, Ala., at the mouth of 
 Battle Creek, September 3d, 1863, and moved with the brigade, 
 via Nickajack and Squirreltown, over l/ookout Mountain, skir- 
 mishing with the enemy's cavalry, and driving it. Arriving at 
 Rossville at a late hour on the 9th, it moved on, by way 
 of lyce and Gordon's mill, to Ringgold, and from this time 
 until the morning of the 19th it was employed east of the 
 Chickamauga. On the first day of the battle of Chickamauga, 
 the regiment, with the brigade, formed the right of Gen. Palmer's 
 line, and was engaged from 1 p. m. till near sundown in a terrific 
 battle 600 yards east of Brotherton's iiouse. In this conflict the 
 regiment fought with great gallantry, maintaining its ground 
 until ordered to retire. 
 
 On September 20th, the regiment, with its brigade, was, at an 
 early hour, in line east of the south end of Kelly's field, where 
 barricades of logs were hastily constructed, but before the enemy 
 appeared to attack that part of tbe line, the brigade was moved at 
 double quick to the support of Baird's left, where Breckinridge was 
 
24th Regiment. 49 
 
 attacking in great force. Here a desperate struggle ensued, with 
 fearful loss on both sides. The brigade advanced twice, and had 
 been twice repulsed when Van Derveer and Willich came to its 
 assistance, and the enemy was compelled to fall back. Here, Col. 
 Grose says, "The dead and dying of both armies mingled 
 together over this bloody field." The 24th Regiment, with the 
 brigade, now moved to the position it had occupied early in the 
 day, where it relieved Gen. Hazen's brigade, and remained till 
 after 5 p. m. 
 
 The State of Ohio has placed a granite tablet to mark the 
 position of the 24th Regiment east of Kelly's field, and a monu- 
 ment of granite has been erected on the south side of the graded 
 road, leading from the Lafayette road to Jay's saw-mill. 700 yards 
 east of Brotherton's house. 
 
50 Thb Battlb op Chickamauga. 
 
 26th Regiment, 
 
 THE 26th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized June 8th to 
 July 24th, 1861, to serve three years, and, with the exception 
 of recruits and veterans, was mustered out of service at the ex- 
 piration of its term. The veteran organization was retained in 
 service till October 21st, 1865. The regiment saw service in the 
 Kanawha Valley and, later, at the battles of Shiloh and Stone 
 River, and wound up its creditable military career, as a three-years' 
 organization, at the battle of Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 
 1864. During the Chattanooga campaign it was commanded by 
 I^ieut.-Col. "Wm. H. Young, and served in Buell's brigade, "Wood's 
 division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River, at 
 Shell Mound, September 3d, and entered Chattanooga on the 
 morning of the 9th, being the first Federal troops to reach the 
 city. Marfching toward Ringgold, on the 10th, it crossed the 
 Chickamauga at Red House Bridge, and dispersed a body of the 
 enemy's cavalry. On the 11th it marched toward Lafayette, but, 
 subsequently, returned to I,ee and Gordon's mill, where it re- 
 mained till the 19th. At 3 p. m. of the 19th it marched, double 
 quick, with the brigade, to the Viniard place to support Davis, 
 and formed on the east side of the road, and on the left of the 
 front line. Very soon the troops of Heg and Carlin's brigades, 
 hitherto fighting in the woods in front, were driven back in such 
 confusion that they ran over and through the 26th. But, as these 
 troops passed to the rear, the regiment arose and delivered a 
 volley at the advancing Confederates, which served to check them 
 for a moment. The enemy, however, being in overwhelming 
 numbers, and flushed by success, could not be stayed by so thin 
 a line as Buell's brigade presented. The 26th maintained the un- 
 
26th Regime;nt. 51 
 
 equal contest till one-half of its number was either killed or 
 wounded. Being now flanked on the left, and with its rear in 
 danger, the regiment hastily fell back 200 yards, and rallied in a 
 ditch. From this place it again charged to the front, and not only 
 succeeded in driving the enemy back, but in retaking and holding 
 its original position east of the l,afayette road. Here it remained 
 until 3 A. M. on the 20th, when it was retired with the division to 
 the Dry Valley road near Vidito's house. 
 
 At 9 A. M. on the second day of the battle the brigade 
 was again moved to the front. The 26th, being assigned 
 the position just vacated by the 21st Ohio, west of the south 
 end of Brotherton's field, occupied it till 11.30 A. m., when it 
 was ordered on the double quick to the left. While executing 
 this order, and when 300 yards west of the lyafayette road, 
 and a little north of Brotherton's house, the brigade was struck 
 by Bushrod Johnson's advancing line, and broken into fragments. 
 The 26th Regiment, pushed west and north through Dyer's 
 farm, was finally rallied by Col. Young on a ridge near the 
 west side of the field. Here it made a heroic stand and, for 
 a time, assisted in checking the advance of the enemy, but, 
 at last, completely overpowered and outflanked, it was com- 
 pelled to retire. Subsequently, it made its way in detachments 
 to McFarland's Gap, where it was again rallied, and then marched 
 to Rossville. 
 
 The State of Ohio has placed a granite tablet to mark the spot 
 in the west side of Dyer's field where the 26th made its last des- 
 perate efibrt tQ check the advance of I^ongstreet's troops, and 
 erected the regimental monument on the ground where the regi- 
 ment performed its most conspicuous service and suffered its 
 greatest loss in killed and wounded. The monument stands in 
 the edge of the timber just east of the -I/afayette road, a few 
 hundred feet north of Viniard's house. 
 
52 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 31st Regiment. 
 
 THE 31st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized by Col. Moses 
 B. Walker, in the month of September, 1861, to serve three 
 years, was mustered out, except recruits and veterans, at the ex- 
 piration of its term of service. Col. Walker, with the detachment 
 of recruits and veterans, was retained in the service tiU July 
 20th, 1865. The regiment served with the Armies of the Ohio 
 and the Cumberland in all of their campaigns and battles, 
 from Bowling Green, Ky., to Goldsboro, N. C, it being de- 
 tached with that part of the army which accompanied Gen. 
 Sherman in his march through Georgia and the Carolinas. In 
 the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, I/ieut.-Col. Frederick 
 W. lyister commanding, served in Connell's brigade, Brannan's 
 division, Thomas' corps. It crossed the Tennessee River, at 
 the mouth of Battle Creek, September 1st and 2d, 1863, and, 
 moving over the mountains, reached Mclyemore's Cove on the 
 12th. It remained near Davis' X Roads till the morning of 
 the 18th, when it marched directly to the Chickamauga battle 
 field, and, after an all-night march, reached Kelly's farm at 6 a. m. 
 on the 19th. The 2d and 3d brigades of the division, Croxton's 
 and Van Derveer's, had moved in an easterly direction from 
 Kelly's, and engaged the enemy at an early hour. The 31st Reg- 
 iment was sent forward to the support of Col. Croxton's left, 
 which was then heavily engaged with Wilson's Confederates a 
 half mile west of Jay's saw-mill. Here, for several hours, the 
 31st was engaged in a death struggle with the enemy. Advancing 
 at one time to within 400 yards of Jay's mill, it assisted in cap- 
 turing and bringing off the field five pieces of artillery. About 
 2 p. M., after six hours of desperate fighting and heavy losses, the 
 
31sT Regiment. 53 
 
 firing ceased, and the troops of botli armies, much exhausted, re- 
 tired to replenish ammunition. The 31st was held in line with 
 Croxton's brigade till nearly sundown, when it returned to its 
 own command near Dyer's house. 
 
 September 20th, at an early hour, the 31st was in line near 
 Poe's house, being posted in the front line on the left of 
 the brigade. About 12 noon Gens. Stewart's and Kershaw's 
 troops assaulted at this point, from the front and right flank, 
 with such force and superior numbers as to break our lines 
 and force the troops in confusion to the rear. The 31st re- 
 tired through Dyer's field, fighting as it went, till it reached 
 Snodgrass Ridge. Here a large detachment of the regiment was 
 rallied by Col. Walker, Capt. Cahill, and others, and joining 
 with other troops, fought till the firing ceased at night. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite tablet to mark the posi- 
 tion occupied by the 31st when fighting in support of Croxton, Sep- 
 tember 19th, near Jay's saw-mill, and another tablet to show its 
 position on Snodgrass Ridge, September 20th. The regimental 
 monument stands west of the Poe house, and near the lyafayette 
 road, on the line occupied by the regiment up to 12 noon, Sep- 
 tember 20th. 
 
54 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 33d Regiment* 
 
 THE 33d Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized in August and 
 October, 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out at 
 the expiration of its term of service, except the recruits and 
 veterans, who were retained until July 12th, 1865. The regiment 
 was first commanded by Col. Joshua W. Sill. It served in Gen. 
 O. M. Mitchel's division, in north Alabama, during the Spring 
 and Summer of 1862. Returning with Buell to the Ohio River, 
 it took part- in the battle of Perrjrdlle, and subsequently partici- 
 pated in the four-days engagement at Stone River. In the Chat- 
 tanooga campaign the regiment was commanded by Col. Oscar F. 
 Moore, serving in Scribner's brigade, Baird's division, Thomas' 
 corps. -It crossed the Tennessee River at Bridgeport Ala., Sep- 
 tember 4th, 1863, and, moving over the mountains with the 
 brigade, engaged the enemy in a sharp battle at Davis' X roads 
 in Mcl^emore's Cove, September 11th. From this date until the 
 17th it encamped at the base of the mountain, before Stevens' 
 Gap, to await the arrival of Gen. McCook's troops. The com- 
 mand being ordered to move northward, reached Crawfish Spring 
 at midnight of the 18th, and the south end of Kelly's farm at 
 daylight on the 19th. The regiment was at first posted in line of 
 battle at the north end of Poe's field, facing south, its right rest- 
 ing on the Lafayette road; but at 9 A. M. the brigade (Scribner's) 
 was moved in an easterly direction to support the right of Crox- 
 ton, then heavily engaged, one and one-fourth miles east of Kelly's. 
 The command, pushing forward through a thick woods, soon 
 engaged the enemy and drove him back to D. C. Reed's field. 
 Here the line was halted and readjusted, but the brigade was 
 soon fiercely assailed on its right by the brigades of Jackson and 
 
33d Regiment. 55 
 
 Smith. The 33d Regiment, unsupported and on the right of the 
 brigade, was assaulted on its right and rear, and, being forced to 
 fall back, did not rally until it reached the lyafayette road. In 
 this engagement its loss in killed and wounded was very heavy. 
 At 3 p. M. the regiment rejoined its brigade, and late in the even- 
 ing marched to the support of Gen. Johnson, then engaged on 
 the ground previously occupied by the 33d early in the day. As 
 night approached the line was assailed by Cleburne's and Cheat- 
 ham's divisions, and a terrible battle ensued, which lasted for 
 more than an hour. When this engagement terminated, the 
 Federal line was withdrawn to the I^afayette road. 
 
 At 4 A. M., September 20th, the 33d Regiment was in line with 
 its brigade, 200 feet east of the north end of Kelly's field, where 
 barricades of logs and stones were hastily constructed. This line 
 was assaulted in great force at 9.30 a. m. by Gen. Helm, of Breckin- 
 ridge's division. After a severe battle, in which Helm was slain, 
 and both sides lost heavily in killed and wounded, the enemy was 
 repulsed. The 33d occupied this position throughout the day, 
 and besides being in continuous battle, it met and repulsed 
 several exceedingly fierce assaults. Owing to some mischance, 
 or to the din of the conflict, the order to fall back, given near 
 simdown, was either not heard or not understood by the whole 
 regiment, and three officers and seventy-five enlisted men of the 
 83d remained at the works fighting until they were surrounded 
 and captured. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite tablet in D. C. Reed's 
 field where the 33d was engaged on the 19th, and the regimental 
 monument on the line where it fought throughout the day of 
 September 20th. 
 
56 The Batti,b of Chickamauga. 
 
 =^ 
 
 35th Regiment. 
 
 THE 35th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized in t)ie month 
 of September, 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out 
 by companies, as their terms expired, except recruits and veter- 
 ans, who were assigned to duty with the 18th Ohio Veteran Reg- 
 iment, and mustered out of service October 9th, 1865. The reg- 
 iment was first commanded by Col. Ferdinand Van Derveer, and 
 subsequently served in his brigade of Brannan's division, 
 Thomas' corps. On the 31st of August, 1863, the regiment, 
 under command of I/ieut.-Col. H. V. Boynton, with the brigade 
 and division, crossed the Tennesse River at the mouth of Battle 
 Creek, and moved over the mountain to McLemore's Cove, re- 
 maining there till the 18th of September, when it moved on to 
 the Chickamauga battle field, arriving at McDonald's house on 
 the Lafayette road at an early hour on the 19th. The command 
 at once moved east on the road to Reed's bridge; met and en- 
 gaged the enemy (Gen. Forrest's cavalry, dismounted,) after going 
 one mile. Here a lively battle was fought, lasting an hour, with 
 the 35th Regiment on the right of the brigade. The enemy was 
 repulsed and driven back toward Jay's saw-mill, but, being rein- 
 forced by Gen. Ector's brigade of infantry, soon reappeared upon 
 Van Derveer's front and left, causing him to change front from 
 east to north, the 35th being now on the left of the brigade. 
 Here the assaults of the enemy were swift and severe, the conflict 
 lasting more than an hour. Van Derveer's line was maintained, 
 but with heavy loss. The enemy finally falling back, the 35th, 
 with the brigade, withdrew to the glade north of the Kelly field, 
 where it remained until 5 o'clock, when the division was ordered 
 to Dyer's field. 
 
35th Regiment. 57 
 
 At an early hour September 20tli tlie regiment moved for- 
 ward to Kelly's field where, at 11 a. m., with the other regi- 
 ments of Van Derveer's brigade, it met Gen. Stovall's command, 
 and after a short conflict, turned the Confederates back at the 
 north end of Kelly's farm, pursuing them through .the woods 
 to near McDonald's farm. The brigade then retired and rested 
 in Kelly's field till about 2 p. m., when it was marched to the 
 ridge south-west of the Snodgrass house, where it joined the 
 division commander, and the 35th regiment, on Van Derveer's 
 right, participated in the repulse of repeated assaults made upon 
 that part of the line by l/ongstreet's men, until darkness covered 
 the field. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused to be erected a granite tablet 
 150 feet east of the Government tower, south of the Reed's- 
 bridge road, to mark the line upon which the 35th fought in its 
 first position, September 19th; another tablet marks the regi- 
 ment's position north of Reed's-bridge road after the brigade had 
 changed front to the north. A third tablet stands at the east 
 side of the Lafayette road, north of Kelly's field, to show the 
 advanced position of the 35th when the brigade repulsed Stovall's 
 men on the forenoon of the 20th. The regimental monument, a 
 handsome design, carved in "Westerly (R. I.) granite, stands on 
 Snodgrass Ridge, near the Government tower, and marks the line 
 occupied by the 35th from 2 p. m. till 8 p. m., September 20th. 
 The loss of the regiment in the battle was a fraction less than 
 fifty per cent. 
 
58 Th:^ Battle of Chickamattga. 
 
 36th Regiment. 
 
 THE 36th Regiment, .Ohio Infantry, organized in Jtily and 
 August, 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out at the 
 expiration of its term of service, except the recruits and veterans, 
 who were retained in the service till July 27th, 1865. Col. George 
 Crook was its first cotnmander, and served with the regiment in 
 West Virginia and Maryland. The 36th was at the battles of 
 Bull Run (second), Frederick, Md., South Mountain, and An- 
 tietam. After the latter battle it was transferred to the Army of 
 the Cumberland, and remained with this army until the early part 
 of 1864, when it was again transferred to West Virginia. Its great 
 fighting career ended at Beverly, West Virginia, January 11th, 
 1865. In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, under the 
 command of Col. William G. Janes, was in Turchin's brigade, 
 Reynold's division, Thomas' corps. With its brigade the 36th 
 crossed the Tennessee River, at Shell Mound, on the first day of 
 September, 1863, and moved with the division over the mountains 
 to the west branch of Chickamauga Creek, in Mclvcmore's Cove. 
 It remained in the vicinity of Catlett's Gap from the 12th till 
 the 18th, and was then ordered to move toward Chattanooga. 
 After an all-night march it reached the Poe house on the I,afayette 
 road some time after noon on the 19th. The regiment, with the 
 brigade, was at once moved in support of Gen. Hazen's brigade, 
 then heavily engaged in the Brock field. Here the fighting was 
 very severe until near 3 p. m., when the Confederates of Cheat- 
 ham's division withdrew a short distance. Turchin now relieved 
 Hazen, and not being seriously engaged in his front, wheeled his 
 brigade to the right and struck the Confederates in the flank as 
 they were pushing Cruft's brigade to the rear in confusion. 
 
36th Regiment. 59 
 
 Abandoning pursuit of Cruft the Confederates now turned upon 
 Turchin, but, ordering his brigade to charge, he drove them back 
 several hundred yards. The 36th Regiment, on the extreme right 
 of the line, suffered heavily in killed and wounded. Col. Jones, 
 its commander, was mortally wounded, and Major Adney and many 
 others were severely wounded. The Confederates having retired 
 at 4 p. M., the battle on this part of the field was ended. 
 
 On the 20th the brigade, with the 36th on its right, now in charge 
 of lyieut.-Col. Herman F. Devol, was in line at an early hour directly 
 east of the north end of Poe's farm. Barricades of logs and rails 
 were thrown up, and throughout that terrible day this position 
 was heroically held and defended against the repeated assaults of 
 Cleburne and Stewart's divisions, each being forced to retire, 
 with heavj' loss. At 5 p. m. Turchin's brigade commenced the 
 movement to retire, and in doing so met and drove Liddell's Con- 
 federates through the woods west of Kelly's farm, and north 
 through McDonald's fields, capturing 250 men. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected two granite tablets to mark 
 where the 36th Regiment fought; one stands south of Brock's 
 house, where the charge was made September 19th, and the 
 second tablet marks the point in McDonald's field where the 
 Confederate prisoners were taken in the evening, September 20th. 
 The regimental monument is located in the line occupied by the 
 36th Regiment throughout the day of September 20th. 
 
60 The BATTi<a OF Chickamauga. 
 
 40th Regiment 
 
 THE 40th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized in September 
 and October, 1861, to serve three years, was mustered out 
 at the expiration of its term of service, except recruits and vet- 
 erans, who were consolidated with the 51st Ohio Infantry Veter- 
 ans, and retained in the service till October 3d, 1865. During the 
 Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Lieut.-Col. William Jones 
 commanding, served in Whitaker's brigade, Steedman's division, 
 Granger's corps. It marched with the command from Bridgeport, 
 Ala., September 13th, 1863, and arrived at Rossville, Ga., on the 
 14th. It became engaged at Spring Creek, on the Ringgold road, on 
 the 18th, and after repulsing the enemy returned to McAfee's 
 church. At this place, on the 19th, the 40th participated in a fight 
 lasting several hours, but the enemy finally withdrew and retired 
 toward Ringgold. 
 
 At about 11 A. M., September 20th, the regiment, with its 
 brigade, left camp at McAfee's church and marched rapidly 
 to the support of Gen. Thomas' right, which was then being 
 furiously assailed by I^ongstreet. The command reported at 
 Snodgrass' house at about 1.30 p. m., when it was deployed and 
 moved to the right of Brannan's line. Facing south it moved 
 up the ridge in two lines, the 40th Regiment on the right of the 
 second line. Here the enemy, having taken possession of the 
 ridge, was encountered in great force. Amid a storm of shot and 
 shell the Federal line, led by Gen. Steedman, charged and drove 
 the Confederates from the summit of the ridge to its southern 
 base. By this timely arrival and heroic service of Granger's 
 troops the right of Thomas was protected and the Army of the 
 Cumberland saved from what, at one time, seemed certain defeat 
 
40th Regiment. 61 
 
 and disaster. The 40tli Regiment held a central position in the 
 line, and by desperate fighting maintained it until the battle 
 ended. In three and one-half hours' fighting the 40th su£Fered a 
 loss of 19 killed and 102 wounded, making a total loss of 121 
 men, fully thirty-five per cent, of its fighting strength. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused to be erected upon the ground 
 occupied by the 40th on Svmday afternoon, September 20th, 1863, 
 a granite monument, which bears a legend briefly reciting the 
 achievements of the regiment in the great battle. 
 
4 J St Regiments 
 
 THE 41st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from 
 August 26th to October 29th, 1861, to serve three years. 
 The members of the regfiment who did not veteranize were mus- 
 tered out in accordance with the terms of their enlistment. The 
 veterans were retained in the service till November 29th, 1865. 
 Col. William B. Hazen was the first commander of the regiment, 
 and was succeeded by Col. Aquila Wiley. During the Chatta- 
 nooga campaign the 41st, commanded by Col. Wiley, was a part 
 of Hazen's brigade, Palmer's division, Crittenden's corps. Mov- 
 ing to join the brigade it forded the Tennessee River at Friar's 
 Island, above Chattanooga, September 10th, and marched to Ring- 
 gold on the 11th. For the next seven days the regfiment marched 
 and scouted, skirmishing frequently with the enemy between 
 Ringgold and the Chattanooga Valley. On the night of the 18th 
 it was in line one mile north of I,ee and Gordon's mill. At 
 12.30 p. M. on the 19th it moved east in line of battle from the 
 Poe house, and attacked the enemy. The 41st Regiment, on the 
 right of the front line of the brigade, marched a half mile through 
 thick woods, driving the enemy's skirmishers, and entering the 
 Brock farm north of the house. Here it encountered Gen. Pres- 
 ton Smith's Confederate brigade, of Cheatham's division, posted 
 in the woods east of the field, 300 yards away. A strip of timber 
 skirting a ravine that ran through the easterly side of the field 
 was sought to be occupied by both lines ; each made a rush for it 
 at the same time. The 41st gained and held it after a severe 
 battle had been fought for its possession, and a number of men 
 in each army had laid down their lives in the struggle. The 
 marks of battle on the timber, in front of the position of the 41st, 
 will tell the story of the conflict after the last survivor of the 
 battle will have passed away. 
 
 By 3 p. M. the enemy had retired out of range, and the 41st 
 was withdrawn to the Lafayette road to replenish amunition, and 
 immediately thereafter was sent to the support of General Van 
 Cleve, near Brotherton's place. After it had passed in rear 
 of Van Cleve's line, the latter was broken by Gen. Stewart's 
 troops, and pressed back west and north through Dyer's farm, 
 thus completely separating the 41st from the remainder of the 
 brigade, which was then in line near the Poe house. As Stewart's 
 
*>. 
 
 " I J- 
 
 J 
 
 — ^ ..-— 
 
 l »W»W ii W i MUl) lii yiii H iJ B WWW | W '<* 
 
 _..^ 
 
 ..J-.- ,f- -^ 
 
41sT Regiment. 63 
 
 troops were passing the left flank of the 41st, it opened fire from 
 its position in the woods west of the Brotherton field. Its first 
 volley sent the 25th Tennessee, of Bushrod Johnson's division, at 
 double quick out of the field to the east side of the I^afayette road, 
 and by continuing to pour volleys into the enemy's left flank it 
 helped to check his advance and turn back his whole line to the 
 east side of the road. The 41st now moved to the left again, and 
 joined its brigade near Poe's house, and at dark was posted in line 
 east of the south end of Kelly's field. 
 
 At an early hour, September 20th, barricades of logs were con- 
 structed, which proved their great defensive qualities, when, 
 during the forenoon, that part of the line was three times 
 assaulted by Gen. Cleburne's division, each assault being repulsed 
 with heavy loss to the enemy, while that of the 41st was com- 
 paratively trifling. 
 
 At about 3 p. M. the regiment, with the brigade, was moved 
 west to the support of Gen. Wood, near the Snodgrass house, 
 where 'it joined Gen. Barker's brigade in repulsing an assault 
 by Gen. Kershaw's division. Here the Confederates were 
 compelled to retire before the well-directed volleys of the 41st 
 and the good fighting of Barker's men, but not until another 
 twelve of the former and many of the latter had been shot down. 
 The regiment maintained its position in this open field until after 
 dark, when it marched with the whole army back to Rossville. 
 
 The State of Ohio, with a substantial contribution from the 
 survivors and citizen friends of the 41st Regiment, has causefl to 
 be erected an artistic granite monument to commemorate the 
 achievements of this regiment. The monument stands in the 
 Brock field, just in rear of the line occupied by the 41st up to 3 
 p. M., September 19th, 1863, and three granite tablets have also 
 been erected to raark the positions on different parts of the field 
 where the regiment was engaged in battle. The first tablet stands 
 in a skirt of woods, west of Brotherton's, where the regiment 
 went into action in the evening of September 19th, in support of 
 Van Cleve. The second tablet marks the position of the regi- 
 ment east of Kelly's field, from 6 p. M. on the 19th to 3 p. m. on 
 the 20th. The third marker is located where the 41st fought in 
 support of Gen. Barker's line in Snodgrass' field up to a late 
 hour September 20th. 
 
64 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 49th Regiment. 
 
 THE 49th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, organized by Col. Wm. H. 
 Gibson, September 22d, 1861, to serve three years, was mus- 
 tered out at the expiration of its term of service, except the re- 
 cruits and veterans, who were retained in service tiU November 
 30th, 1865. The regiment has seventeen battles and a much 
 greater number of minor engagements to its credit, covering the 
 campaigns of the Army of the Ohio and that of the Cumberland, 
 from Shiloh to Nashville. In the Chattanooga campaign the 
 49th Regiment was commanded by Maj. Samuel F. Gray and 
 Capt. I^uther M. Strong, serving in Willich's brigade, Johnson's 
 division, McCook's corps. It crossed the Tennessee Rivei', at 
 Caperton's Ferry, August 31st, 1863; encamped at I/ong's 
 Springs, on the Trenton road, September 8th; crossed I^ookout 
 Mountain, to Henderson's, near Alpine, on the 10th, and marched 
 back over I<ookout Mountain, by way of Valley Head and Ste- 
 vens' Gap, to McLemore's Cove, September 17th. 
 
 At dawn, September 19th, it marched toward the battle field 
 of Chickamauga, and arrived at Kelly's farm at 12 noon. The 
 brigade at once formed for battle, with the 49th on the left of the 
 front line, and the 32d Indiana on its right. Moving east into a 
 dense forest Company A, under Capt. Hartsough, and Company 
 B, under Capt. McCormack, were thrown forward as skirmishers. 
 After advancing 300 yards the enemy was met, and the battle 
 soon became general along the line of the division. The 49th, 
 advancing under a heavy fire of musketry, encountered a battery 
 of artillery using grape and canister. A charge was ordered, and 
 the regiment captured two Parrott guns and drove the enemy over 
 a ridge to near D. C. Reed's house. Just after the sun had gone 
 
49th RegimbnT. 65 
 
 down Cheatham, reinforced by Cleburne, moved forward ; the 
 fighting again became furious, and lasted until darkness rendered 
 it impossible to recognize friend from foe. Both armies now 
 withdrew. The 49th sustained a loss in this half-day's battle of 
 sixty-three officers and men. 
 
 September 20th, the regiment, with its brigade, was posted in 
 Kelly's field, as a general reserve to the left wing of the army. 
 It, however, became engaged at 10 a. m., and assisted, by a 
 charge, in the repulse of Breckinridge' when, advancing from 
 the north, he had gained the rear of Baird's line. In this aflFair 
 the enemy was driven > back a half-mile, and fifty Confederates 
 captured. Returning to Kelly's field the 49th supported Good- 
 speed's battery until the battle ended. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused two granite tablets to be erected 
 to the 49th. One marks its position when the regiment advanced 
 and captured two guns, September 19th. The other marks its 
 position in Kelly's field, September 20th. The regimental monu- 
 ment, a massive structure, stands near the graded road at the 
 west side of D. C. Reed's field, on the ground occupied by the 
 regiment from 2 p. m. to 6 p. m., September 19th, and during the 
 night assault. 
 
66 Thb Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 5tst Regiments 
 
 THE 51st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from Sep- 
 tember 9th to October 12th, 1861, to serve three years. At 
 the expiration of its term of service the original members, except 
 veterans, were mustered out. The veterans were retained till 
 October 3d, 1865. In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment 
 was* first commanded by Col. Richard W. McClain, and afterward 
 by I/ieut.-Col. Charles H. "Wood. It formed a part of Barnes' 
 brigade, Van Cleve's division, Crittenden's corps. Crossing the 
 Tennessee River with the brigade, at Shell Mound, September 
 4th, 1863, it moved by way of I^ookout Mountain to the Chicka- 
 mauga. On the 11th, being in advance, it met the enemy and 
 drove him back through Ringgold. The brigade marched and 
 skirmished between the town of Ringgold and the Chattanooga 
 valley until the 18th. At Crawfish Spring the 51st was again 
 engaged in a skirmish which lasted several hours; after this 
 had ended it proceeded with the brigade to lyce and Gordon's 
 mill. At 2 p. M., on the 19th, the 51st, with its brigade, was 
 moved a mile north of Lee and Gordon's mill, on the Lafayette 
 road; then, turning eastward, it soon struck the enemy, and by 
 hard fighting drove him back through a dense forest, 500 yards or 
 more, to a bend in the Chickamauga River. Meeting here a 
 superior force, it was forced to retire to the Lafayette road, where 
 it remained until 2 A. M., September 20th. The regiment was 
 then for some purpose marched back to a spur of Mission Ridge, 
 west of the Crawfish Spring road, but at 8 A. m. it was ordered 
 forward to a position in Dyer's field, west of Brotherton's. Here 
 it was halted in rear of Brannan and Wood's divisions. At 10 
 A. M. the regiment, with its brigade, was sent to the left to the 
 
51sT Regiment. 67 
 
 support of Baird. It arrived at the Kelly field in time to assist 
 in repulsing Breckinridge, who had advanced from the north to a 
 point in rear of Gen. Thomas' line. After this action the 51st 
 was placed in line in prolongation of Baird's left. At 5 p. m. the 
 enemy again advanced directly in front of the 51st Regiment, and 
 the battle raged with varying success for more than an hour. 
 The troops on the right had by this time commenced to fall back 
 in execution of the order to retire to Rossville, and these move- 
 ments not only exposed the regiment to an enfilading fire, but 
 left it nearly surrounded; it, therefore, fell back in some disorder, 
 but was rallied on a ridge west of McDonald's farm. It was then 
 learned that Col. McClain and four line officers were among the 
 missing. The regiment had suffered a loss in two-days' battle of 
 ninety-eight men in killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite tablet to be erected to 
 mark the position of the 51st on the left of Baird's division, Sep- 
 tember 20th. The regimental monunient, designed by Julius 
 Harder, the architect, and executed by N. H. Niehaus, the New 
 York sculptor, bears a bronze panel with a large battle scene in 
 relief, that fittingly represents the 51st while engaged in the 
 woods. The monument stands south of Viniard's house, where 
 the 51st Regiment left the Lafayette road and advanced eastward 
 to attack the enemy on the afternoon of September 19th. 
 
68 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 52d Regiment* 
 
 THE 52d Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized in the month 
 of August, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered 
 out of service June 3d, 1865. The regiment participated in all 
 the battles of the Army of the Cumberland from Chicka- 
 mauga to Atlanta. It accompanied Gen. Sherman to Jones- 
 boro and Savannah, and fought its last battle at Benton- 
 ville, N. C, March 19th to 21st, 1865. In the Chattanooga 
 campaign the 52d, under the command of Maj. James T. 
 Holmes, served in Col. Daniel McCook's brigade. Granger's 
 reserve corps. It crossed the Tennessee River, at Bridge- 
 port, Ala., September 13th, 1863, and marched, with all dis- 
 patch, to Rossville, Ga., arriving there at 11 A. m. on the 14th, 
 having covered a distance of forty miles, over rough mountain 
 roads, in twenty-three hours. On the 18th it moved, with its 
 brigade, toward the Chickamauga River, in support of Minty's- 
 cavalry, then engaged at Reed's bridge. McNair's brigade was en- 
 countered near Jay's mill, and twenty-two Confederates were cap- 
 tured. The regiment, with the brigade, bivouacked for the night 
 on the ground it had fought over, and at 7 a. m., September 19th, 
 in compliance with orders of corps commander, the brigade with- 
 drew to Rossville. In retiring, its rear guard was attacked by 
 Forrest's cavalry, but without serious loss. It remained at Ross- 
 ville until evening, and then marched to the top of Mission 
 Ridge, near McAfee's church. 
 
 September 20th the regiment moved toward the Chickamauga 
 River, but returned to the brigade at 10 a. m. At 11 a. m. the 
 52d, with its brigade, left McAfee's church, and marched toward 
 the sound of the battle then in progress about Kelly's field and 
 
_ ^ J!jr ' ^ JJJ .'Ji! ''ii< '* - 
 
 J'-f JJ'JL-JJS J^Ji 'i5I-L ' 
 
 ^/^^ 
 
 -U} 
 
52d Regiment. 69 
 
 Dyer's farm, five miles away. At Cloud's house it was fired into 
 by Forrest's dismounted cavalry, using musketry and artillery. 
 The regiment moved in line of battle to the crest of a ridge, 300 
 yards to the right of the I^afayette road. Here it was subjected 
 to a severe fire of the enemy, and suffered much inconvenience 
 from burning weeds and brush. The command was, however, 
 soon moved to a ridge between Cloud's and McDonald's houses, 
 400 yards west of the I^afayette road, where it remained till 
 night, constantly under fire of the enemy's artillery and mus- 
 ketry. Here the 52d not only rendered most efficient service in 
 protecting the left of Gen. Thomas' line during the afternoon, 
 but, late in the evening, served as a ralljring point for the retir- 
 ing army. It followed the army back to Rossville, and on the 
 morning of September 21st took its place in line of battle on the 
 summit of Mission Ridge, 400 yards south of the Ross mansion. 
 Here it was subjected to a heavy fire, at short range, from the 
 enemy's skirmishers, while shot and shell rattled through the 
 timber overhead until nightfall, when the firing ceased, and the 
 command marched into Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument to the 52d, 
 to mark the position where it engaged the enemy on September 
 18th and early on the 19th. The monument stands on the south 
 side of the road leading from the McDonald house to Reed's 
 bridge, onequarter of a mile west of Jay's saw-mill. This and 
 the 69th monument occupy the most advanced positions of any 
 Ohio monuments on the battle field. 
 
70 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 59th Regiments 
 
 THE 69th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was recruited, in part, as 
 early as September 12th, 1861, but the organization was not 
 completed until September 23d, 1862. It was a three-years' regi- 
 ment. The original members, except veterans, were mustered 
 out of service November 1st, 1864, and the veterans July 16th, 
 1865. During the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, under 
 the command of Lieut.-Col. Granville A. Frambes, served in Col. 
 Dick's brigade. Van Cleve's division, Crittenden's corps. It 
 crossed the Tennessee River, with its brigade, at Bridgeport, Ala., 
 September 7th, 1863; reached Rossville on the 10th, and joined 
 the division, east of the Chickamauga, on the 11th, where it was 
 actively engaged with the troops of Crittenden. On the 18th it 
 was sent to support Gen. Wilder, then engaged a little distance 
 north of Viniard's house. The 59th moved into the timber east 
 of the lyafayette road, and soon met a heavy line of skirmishers. 
 Pushing these back onto the main line the 59th, after a severe 
 struggle, completely checked the enemy's advance, and held the 
 ground fought over until near the morning of the 19th, when it 
 was withdrawn to the Lafayette road. It continued in this posi- 
 tion until afternoon, when it was moved a half-mile to the north 
 and put into battle on the right of its brigade, 300 yards east of 
 Brotherton's field. Here the 59th was confronted first by Cheat- 
 ham's and then by Stewart's troops. It held its ground until 
 assailed by an overpowering force on the right flank, when it fell 
 back, fighting stubbornly, and making heroic efforts to hold the 
 enemy in check. But it had by this time suffered heavy loss, and 
 was finally forced from the line in some confusion. 
 
59th Regiment. 71 
 
 September 20th the 59th moved, with its brigade, east through 
 Dyer's field to the support of Brannan and Wood, but was soon 
 ordered to the left, where the battle was well under way. At a 
 point a little north of Kelly's house the line was formed on the 
 west side of the I,afayette road, and perpendicular to it, facing 
 north. The Confederates having been checked and turned back, 
 the 59th was moved, with the brigade, west toward Brannan's 
 right, passing north of Snodgrass' house ; but, becoming sepa- 
 rated from its brigade, and failing to find the right of Brannan's 
 line, it went to the Crawfish-Spring road, thence to McFarland''s 
 Gap, and, on the following day, to Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused to be erected a granite monu- 
 ment 600 feet east of the I^afayette road, and opposite the south 
 end of Brotherton's field, to mark the position occupied by the 
 59th Regiment at about 3 p. m., September 19th, 1863, when it 
 performed its most valiant service on that great battle field. 
 
72 Thb Batti,b of Chickamauga. 
 
 64th Regiment* 
 
 THE 64tli Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized by United 
 States Senator John Sherman, December 14th, 1861, to 
 serve three years. The original members, except veterans, were 
 mustered out at the expiration of their term of service. The 
 veterans and recruits were mustered out December 3d, 1865. 
 The regiment participated in eighteen battles, covering the cam- 
 paigns of the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland, from 
 Shiloh to the battle of Nashville. In the Chattanooga campaign 
 the regiment, commanded by Col. Alexander Mcllvain, served in 
 Col. Barker's brigade, Wood's division, Crittenden's corps. It 
 crossed the Tennessee River at Shell Mound, September 3d, 1863, 
 and passed through Chattanooga on the 9th, after the Confederates 
 had evacuated the place. Moving to the east side of the Chicka- 
 mauga river, it participated in numerous skirmishes in the vicinity 
 of Ringgold and I,afayette, and on the 18th took position near 
 Lee and Gordon's mill. At 3 p. m., on the 19th, the regiment 
 marched, with its brigade, north on the Lafayette road to Viniard's 
 farm, where it turned east and engaged the enemy. The regi- 
 ment, now separated from its brigade, and assisted only by the 
 125th Ohio and a section of artillery, fought in the woods almost 
 single-handed against several Confederate regiments. After a 
 charge, in which the 64th drove the enemy and captured twenty 
 prisoners, it retired ' to the Lafayette road, and, rejoining its 
 brigade, moved at a late hour in the night to a ridge west of 
 the Crawfish-Spring road. 
 
 On September 20th, at 9 a. m., the brigade to which the 64th 
 belonged (Harker's) relieved Stanley's brigade and formed line of 
 battle on the right of Brannan's division, west of Brotherton's 
 

 -^^ -HP^ * "w^^t^- 
 
64th Regiment. 73 
 
 house. From this position the 64th at once sent skirmishers 
 into Brotherton's field, and engaged the enemy then holding the 
 Lafayette road. The brigade, however, was very soon withdrawn 
 from this line, and marched northwardly to the support of Rey- 
 nolds; but, while moving to the left and when near Kelly's, it 
 was ordered to retrace its steps on the double quick to the support 
 of Brannan, who was receiving the first shock of Longstreet's 
 advance. Before the brigade reached the point of danger Bran- 
 nan's line had been broken, and his troops sent in detachments 
 to the rear. The 64th, with its brigade, formed line of battle, 
 facing south, and at once assailing the enemy in flank, checked 
 his pursuit of Brannan's retiring columns on the right, and 
 pushed the Confederates obliquely back into Dyer's field, and 
 here held them without substantial assistance until after 12 noon. 
 At this hour, when almost surrounded by the divisions of Bushrod 
 Johnson and Kershaw, the brigade was withdrawn to a ridge 
 near Snodgrass' house, where it went into line, the 64th Regiment 
 on the right. Here for several hours the regiment fired by volley 
 down through Dyer's field, making it too hot for the enemy to 
 approach from that direction. After dark the 64th retired with 
 the army to Rossville, and there rested. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused two granite tablets to be erected 
 to this regiment ; the first stands in the timber, east of the north 
 end of Viniard's farm, and marks the position of the 64th in the 
 evening of September 19th. The second stands in a clump of 
 timber in Dyer's field, where the regiment fought up to 12 noon, 
 September 20th. The regimental monument occupies a con- 
 spicuous place at the right of Marker's line, 150 feet east of 
 Snodgrass! house. 
 
74 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 65th Regiment. 
 
 THE 65th Regimenit, Ohio Infantry, was organized to serve 
 three years, December 14th, 1861. The original members 
 were mustered out according to the terms of enlistment, and the 
 veterans retained in the service until November 30th, 1865. The 
 regiment has eighteen battles to its credit, covering the 
 campaigns of the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland 
 from Shiloh to Nashville. Its first commander was the 
 lamented Gen. Charles G. Harker, who was killed while 
 leading his brigade at the assault of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., 
 June 27th, 1864. He had long before this time, however, 
 fairly won the star of a Brigadier in ten great battles, and 
 made a reputation as a soldier that will endure as long as the 
 English language is written or spoken. In the Chattanooga 
 campaign the regiment was commanded first by I/ieut.-Col. 
 Whitbeck ; then by Major Brown, and at last by Capt. Thomas 
 Powell. It served in Harker's brigade, Wood's division, Crit- 
 tenden's corps. Moving with the brigade around the north end 
 of I^ookout Mountain, it passed through Chattanooga September 
 9th, 1863, and proceeded on a reconnoitering expedition toward 
 I,afayette, but on the 12th it took position at Lee and Gordon's 
 mill, where it remained until the opening of the battle of Chicka- 
 mauga. At 8 p. M. of the 19th, the regiment, with its brigade, 
 marched north on the Lafayette road to Viniard's place. At the 
 north end of this farm it fell upon the rear of Bushrod Johnson's 
 Confederates, as they were pushing Van Cleve to the west of the 
 road. The 65th, supported by the 3d Kentucky regiment, and 
 under the personal direction of Col. Harker, fought a battle inde- 
 pendent of other troops, which lasted till sundown. In this 
 engagement seventy Confederates were captured, and the enemy 
 compelled to retire to the east side of the road with severe loss. 
 Here Lieut.-Col. Whitbeck was wounded, and Major Brown 
 assumed command of the regiment. The 65th rested, with its 
 brigade, on the battle field till 3 A. m., September 20th. Harker 
 
65th Regiment. 75 
 
 then marched his command to the Crawfish-Spring road, near 
 Vidito's, and at 9 A. m. moved into line west of Brotherton's, to 
 relieve one of Negley's brigades. Remaining here, under a sharp 
 fire from the enemy's skirmishers, till 11 A. m., he moved north to 
 the support of Reynolds, passing in rear of Brannan, at Po^'s house. 
 By the time the 65th, with its brigade, had arrived at Kelly's, 
 Johnson's and Kershaw's divisions of I^ongstreet's corps had 
 assaulted Brannan's line, and sent it in fragments through the 
 woods toward Dyer's field. Harker was then hurried back to 
 Brannan's assistance. With the 65th on his extreme right, he 
 went into line at the north end of, Dyer's farm, facing southward, 
 then moving upon the enemy's flank, pushed him back, and held 
 him till Brannan and Thomas could reorganize a force 600 yards 
 to the rear. In this engagement the 65th gained a hill to the 
 right of Harker's line, which it held by hard fighting till the 
 enemy had passed its right and was getting in its rear. Here 
 Major Brown was wounded and Capt. Thomas Powell assumed 
 command. At 12 noon the regiment fell back, with the brigade, 
 to the ridge near the Snodgrass house, and with its ranks thinned 
 by the loss of one-third of its number, and many of its best 
 officers disabled, rallied, and fought until darkness ended the 
 battle. 
 
 On September 21st it was in line at Rossville until 11 p. m., 
 and was then retired with the army to Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite monument to be erected 
 just east of the Snodgrass house, on the ground defended by the 
 65th from 12 noon to 7 p. m., September 20th. It has also placed 
 a granite tablet at the north end of Viniard's farm, to mark the 
 position of the regiment from 5 to 6 p. m., September 19th, and 
 another on the hill in Dyer's field, at the point occupied by the 
 regiment from 11.30 to 12 noon, September 20th. 
 
76 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 69th Regiment* 
 
 THE 69t]i Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from 
 October, 1861, to April, 1862, to serve tliree years. On 
 the expiration of its term of service, the original members, 
 except veterans, were mustered out. The veterans were retained 
 till July 17th, 1865. The official list of the battles in which the 
 regiment bore an honorable part comprises those fought by the 
 Army of the Cumberland, from Gallatin, Tenn., August 13th, 
 
 1862, to Bentonville, N. C, March 19th to 21st, 1865. In the 
 Chattanooga campaign the 69th Regiment, I/ieut.-Col. Joseph 
 H. Brigham commanding, joined Col. Daniel McCook's brigade, 
 of Granger's reserve corps, at Bridgeport, Ala., September 10th, 
 
 1863, and marched with that brigade to Chattanooga. The regi- 
 ment was sent with the brigade, September 18th, to support Gen. 
 Minty's cavalry, then engaged at Reed's bridge, in an effort to 
 deter the enemy from crossing the Chickamauga. The command 
 arrived within a mile of the bridge at dark, where it encountered 
 the enemy, and, in the fight which ensued, captured twenty-two 
 prisoners. It remained in the woods, 400 yards west of Jay's saw- 
 mill, till the 19th. Col. McCook, in his repqrt, page 871, Reb. 
 Records, says : " Before daylight, September 19th, I sent I^ieut.- 
 Col. Brigham, 69th Ohio, to surprise and burn Reed's bridge, 
 which had been carried at 4 p. m. the day before by the enemy, 
 after a severe resistance by Col. Minty. Col. Brigham gallantly 
 charged across the bridge, drove the enemy from it, and set it on 
 fire; thus, one division of I^ongstreet's corps was cut off from the 
 two others, which had already crossed." 
 
 At 7 A. M. the regiment rejoined the brigade, and marched 
 with it back to the I^afayette road. Here it was detached from 
 
yt- 
 
 ''1^. 
 
 ^* 
 
 ■-'»' ■^ 
 
69th Regiment. 77 
 
 the brigade and sent under special orders to Rossville, and, hence, 
 did not thereafter engage actively in the battle. 
 
 The State of Ohiq has erected a granite monument to the 69th 
 on the ground north of the road to Reed's bridge, where the 
 regiment bivouacked on the night of September 13th, 1863. 
 This and the monument erected to the 52d Regiment occupy 
 the most advanced positions of all the Ohio monuments. 
 
78 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 74th Regiment 
 
 THE 74th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from Octo- 
 ber 5th, 1861, to March 27th, 1862, to senre three years. On 
 the expiration of their term of service the original members, ex- 
 cept veterans, were mustered out; the veterans were retained 
 until July 10th, 1865. Col. Granville Moody, its first commander, 
 was succeeded June 2d, 1863, by Col. Josiah Given. The regi- 
 ment joined the Army of the Ohio at Nashville, in the Summer 
 of 1862, and remained on duty there with Gen. Negley, while 
 the army, under Gen. Buell, marched to Louisville, and thence to 
 the field on which the battle'of PerryviUe was fought. Upon the 
 reorganization of the army, by Gen. Rosecrans, the following 
 November, the 74th became a part of the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, and being assigned to Col. SirweU's brigade, of Gen. Neg- 
 ley's division, served with that command through the TuUahoma 
 and Chattanooga campaigns. 
 
 The regiment, Capt. Joseph Fisher commanding, with its 
 brigade, moved across the Tennessee River, on the pontoons at 
 Caperton's Ferry, on the night of September 1st, 1863 ; thence, 
 over the mountain, to the head of the Chickamauga valley. 
 It met the enemy at Dug Gap on the evening of the 10th, 
 and had some fighting there ; on the 11th, having fallen back 
 to Davis' X Roads, the command was attacked by troops of 
 Hindman and Cleburne's Confederate divisions, aad forced back 
 to Lookout Mountain. The regiment's loss in this aflFair was one 
 man killed and two wounded. Remaining before Stevens' Gap 
 until Gen. Thomas' three other divisions had come over the 
 mountain into McLemore's Cove, the regiment, with the com- 
 mand, moved down the valley of the Chickamauga toward Craw- 
 fish Spring. On September 19th it was guarding a supply train 
 on the Cove road, but, arriving at the Widow Glenn house in 
 the evening of the day named, it was put in support of Battery 
 G, 1st Ohio Light Artillery. This battery, taking position in the 
 
74th Regiment. 79 
 
 west side of Dyer's field, shelled the troops of Stewart's command, 
 then pursuing Van Cleve's men across Brotherton's farm. The 
 Confederates finally retired to the east side of the Lafayette road, 
 and the 74th remained with the battery till the morning of the 
 20th, when it was moved to the front, and took a position in line 
 at the south-west corner of Brotherton's farm. It remained here, 
 under fire of the Confederate skirmishers, till 10 A. m., when, be- 
 ing relieved by Col. Buell's brigade, Wood's division, the brigade 
 moved, under Gen. Negley's immediate orders, to the ridges in 
 the north end of Dyer's farm. At this juncture the regiments 
 were distributed to support fifty-two pieces of artillery which had 
 been entrusted to Negley. , The right wing of the army had, by 
 this time, been broken and forced back through Dyer's fields, 
 leaving the right and rear of Negley's line of artillery exposed to 
 immediate capture. Here, with the 74th Ohio, 78th Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a part of the 37th Indiana, Negley performed a most 
 valuable service by moving to a place of safety ten batteries of 
 artillery, with their caissons and trains, while the enemy were 
 pressing hard on his front, right flank, and rear. The 21st Ohio, 
 by far the largest regiment of Sirwell's brigade, had been placed 
 at Gen. Brannan's disposal to protect the ridge, and remained 
 there, doing valuable service until the battle ended. The artillery 
 in Negley's charge was moved to McFarland's Gap, two miles in 
 the rear, where it was posted in a strong position. At a late hour 
 the 74th moved to Rossville, and on the morning of the 21st was 
 placed in line over Mission Ridge, to guard the road through 
 Rossville Gap. At midnight it marched to Chattanooga, and on 
 the 22d commenced the laborious task of fortifying the town. 
 -The State of Ohio has erected, near the south-west corner of 
 Brotherton's field, an artistic monument of Barre granite, which 
 bears inscriptions reciting in brief the services of the 74th Regi- 
 ment in the great battle. 
 
80 The Batti<e op Chickamauga. 
 
 89th Regiment* 
 
 THE 89tli Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 26th, 
 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out June 7th, 
 1865. It joined the Army of the Cumberland in the early part 
 of 1863, and bore an honorable part in thirty-one campaigns, 
 skirmishes and battles. 
 
 The regiment was, in fact, a part of Turchin's brigade, but in 
 August, 1863, under command of Col. C. H. Carleton, it was sent 
 to Tracy City, and when the main body of the army crossed the 
 Tennessee River to enter upon the Chattanooga campaign, it was 
 left behind. On the 12th of September, however, it met Granger's 
 corps at Bridgeport, and was temporarily assigned to Whitaker's 
 brigade. On the 13th it started on a forced march to overtake 
 the army under Rosecrans, and reached Rossville September 14th. 
 On the 19th the 89th moved, with Gen. Steedman's division, to 
 little Chickamauga Creek, on the road from Chattanooga to Ring- 
 gold, and had heavy skirmishing with the enemy's cavalry. At 
 night the troops were withdrawn to near McAfee's Church, where 
 they remained until 11 A. M. of the 20th, when the regiment, 
 with the brigade, marched south on the I^afayette road toward 
 the sound of a great battle which had been going on about the 
 Kelly farm since 9.30 a. m. 
 
 The brigade marched five miles at almost double quick, suffer- 
 ing great annoyance, and during the last two miles some loss 
 from Forrest's troops, who fired from the thick woods east of the 
 road. The command reached Snodgrass Ridge about 2.30 p. m. 
 Gen. Granger reported to Gen. Thomas, and was ordered into 
 action on the extreme right of the Union line. 
 
 Gen. Whitaker's brigade marched by the right flank until it 
 had uncovered Gen. Brannan's line, when, facing to the left, it 
 moved in line of battle straight for the enemy, who then occupied 
 the crest of the ridge, and was about to strike Brannan on the 
 flank. The brigade of Col. Mitchell, which was closely following 
 Whitaker, passed further to the west, and went into action on the 
 
89th Regiment. 81 
 
 extreme right of the Union line. The 89th, on the left of Whit- 
 aker's line, connected with the right of the 21st Ohio, the 22d 
 Michigan being on the right of the 89th. Gen. Steedman led the 
 assault upon parts of Johnson's and Hindman's divisions, and after 
 an almost hand to hand struggle the Confederates were driven to 
 the south base of the ridge; but, being now reinforced, they 
 advanced again, and the battle raged along the west end of the 
 ridge with great fury for several hours. Each assault of the Con- 
 federates was repulsed with severe loss, while the Federal troops, 
 being protected to some extent by hastily-constructed barricades, 
 suffered comparatively much less. After the combined assault 
 of the five Confederate divisions along the whole line, near night 
 fall, had been repulsed, and the firing had about ceased. Granger 
 gave orders for the withdrawal of his two brigades to a second 
 line, about 500 yards in rear of the one upon which his troops 
 had been fighting. But, for some reason not yet ascertained, the 
 order to retire was not communicated to the 89th and 21st Ohio, 
 and 22d Michigan. Assuming that their right and left were 
 being properly guarded, and all being quiet, the weary soldiers of 
 these organizations had lain down for a little needed rest, when, 
 suddenly, in the gathering darkness, they were aroused by the 
 sharp report of musketry in front, on the right, and in their rear. 
 The brigades of Kelly and Trigg, of Preston's division, apprised 
 of the withdrawal of the main body of Granger's troops, had, 
 with great enterprise and energy, availed themselves of the 
 advantage it afibrded by surrounding and capturing the larger 
 part of the three neglected regiments. By this unfortunate sur- 
 prise the 89th Ohio lost 171 officers and men as prisoners, and all 
 would have been captured but for the fact that four officers and 
 ninety-three men had been detailed to guard a wagon train, and 
 were at the time in the rear under Capt. Isaac J. Nelson. This 
 detachment joined its brigade at Rossville on the morning ot 
 September 21st, and on the 22d moved with it to Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument upon the 
 spot where the 89th charged to the crest of the ridge. The 
 casualties of the regiment in the battle were nineteen killed, 
 sixty-three wounded, and 171 captured. Total loss, 253 men. 
 
82 Thb Batti,b of Chickamauga. 
 
 90th Regiment* 
 
 THE 90tli Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 
 29th, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out of 
 service June 13th, 1865. It participated in all the campaigns and 
 battles of the Army of the Cumberland, from Perryville, Ky., 
 October 8th, 1862, to the battle of Nashville, December 15th, 1864. 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment. Col. Chas. H. Rippey 
 commanding, served in Gen. Cruft's brigade. Palmer's division, 
 Crittenden's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at Shell 
 Mound, on the night of September 3d, 1863, and passsed over 
 Lookout Mountain, a few miles southwest of Chattanooga, on 
 the 9th, arriving at Rossville the same night. On the 10th the 
 regiment, with its brigade, moved to Pea Vine Creek, east of the 
 Chickamauga, where it met and skirmished with the enemy's out- 
 posts of cavalry. On the 11th it marched to Ringgold, and re- 
 mained in the vicinity over night. On the 12th it marched back 
 to Lee and Gordon's mill. On the 13th the regiment, with its 
 brigade, recrossed the Chickamauga, and, marching toward Ring- 
 gold and Lafayette, had frequent skirmishes with the enemy. On 
 the 18th, again crossing the Chickamauga, it marched to Craw- 
 fish Spring, and thence back to the Lafayette road, north of Lee 
 and Gordon's mill. At 12.30 p. m., on the 19th, the regiment, on 
 the left of its brigade, turned eastwardly from the Lafayette 
 road, north of Brotherton's house, and, after advancing one-half 
 mile, engaged the enemy and drove him back to Brock's field. 
 The position occupied by the 90th was to the right of Hazen's 
 brigade, and here, after a severe battle lasting an hour and a half, 
 Smith's brigade, of Cheatham's division, was repulsed, and forced 
 to retire out of musketry range. In this engagement the 90th 
 lost four men killed and fifty-seven wounded. After an hour's 
 rest a new enemy (supposed to be SheflSeld's brigade, of Law's 
 division), appearing upon the right and front, attacked with such 
 force that some of the troops from the right of the Federal 
 line were driven through the ranks of the 90th, throwing the reg- 
 iment into temporary confusion, but, after retiring a short dis- 
 tance, it rallied and again advanced. Turchin, having relieved Gen. 
 
90th Regiment. 83 
 
 Hazen by this time, made a right wheel with a part of his brigade 
 and, pouring a volley into the enemy's flank, checked his assault 
 upon Cruft. The 90th now joined a part of Turchin's brigade, 
 and, with it, charged the Confederates, and drove them a half- 
 mile through the woods. In this charge the color-bearer of the 
 90th was shot down. After the enemy had retired out of mus- 
 ketry range the regiment fell back and, rejoining its brigade, re- 
 turned in the dusk of the evening to the I^afayette road. It was 
 soon again ordered forward to the support of Gen. Johnson's 
 division, just then engaged at D. C. Reed's, in resisting the night 
 attack of Cleburne's division, but the firing ceased before John- 
 son's position was reached, and the regiment bivouacked near 
 Kelly's field. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 20th the 90th was in position, 
 with its brigade, 300 feet east of the south end of Kelly's field, 
 and here assisted in building barricades of logs and stones. At 
 daylight it was ordered to the rear, and held in reserve until 11 
 A. M., when the regiment was again moved forward, under a 
 heavy fire, to relieve the 31st Indiana. Several of its men fell 
 dead or wounded before the barricades were reached. The enemy 
 in front was a part of Polk's brigade, of Cleburne's division. The 
 90th rendered valiant service in this position until about 5.30 
 p. M., when the preliminary movements for the retirement of 
 the army to Rossville commenced. As the Union lines withdrew 
 the Confederates advanced, and, while crossing the Kelly farm, 
 the 90th lost several men, who fell under the fire of the enemy, 
 and. could not be brought off the field. The brigade halted west 
 of McDonald's farm and formed line of battle, but, at dark, the 
 whole division resumed the march to Rossville. 
 
 At an eady hour on the 21st the 90th Regiment was in line, with 
 its division, on the crest of Mission Ridge, in front of Rossville, 
 where it remained till the morning of the 22d, when it marched 
 to Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite tablet to be placed 200 
 feet southwest of the old Brock house, at the point from which 
 the 90th charged the enemy at 4.30 p. m., September 19th. The 
 regimental monument, an artistic memorial of Westerly (R. I.) 
 granite, stands 300 feet east of the south end of Kelly's field, on 
 the ground occupied by the regiment on the 20th. 
 
84 The Batti<e of Chickamauga. 
 
 92d Regiment. 
 
 THE 92d Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized September 
 17th, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out June 
 14th, 1865. It served at first in West Virginia, but in the early 
 part of 1863, with the command of Gen. Crook, it was trans- 
 ferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and for a time was on 
 duty about Carthage and Lebanon, Tenn. Subsequently, it joined 
 Rosecrans' army at Murfreesboro, and took part in the TuUa- 
 homa campaign. The regiment. Col. Benjamin D. Fearing com- 
 j manding, was in Gen. Turchin's brigade, Reynolds' division, 
 Thomas' corps, during the Chattanooga campaign. Crossing the 
 Tennessee river at Shell Mound on September 2d, it marched 
 over Sand Mountain and up Trenton Valley on the 5th, and on 
 September 11th moved over Lookout Mountain, descending into 
 McLemore's Cove, at Cooper's Gap. On the 14th it moved to 
 Pond Spring, and from the 15th to the 18th guarded the western 
 opening to Catlett's Gap, in Pigeon Mountain range. On the night 
 of the 18th the brigade marched to Osborn's house, one mile north 
 of Crawfish Spring, and at daylight halted to make cofiee. At 10 
 A. M. on the 19th it moved on to Widow Glenn's, where it re- 
 ceived orders to join Gen. Thomas at McDonald's farm ; but, as 
 it was moving through Dyer's fields to the Lafayette road, Gen. 
 Reynolds directed the 92d Ohio and 18th Kentucky to form line 
 of battle and move east to the support of Hazen's brigade, then 
 heavily engaged on the left of Palmer's division. Near 2 p. m. 
 the 92d came under fire immediately north of Brock's farm, being 
 confronted by Preston Smith's brigade of Cheatham's division. 
 At about 3 p. M. the Confederate line retired out of range. Col. 
 Fearing being severely wounded, and having been carried from 
 
92d Regiment. 85 
 
 the field, the command of the regiment devolved upon I/ieut.-Col. 
 Putnaiii. At 4 p. m. Turchin relieved Hazen, and moving his 
 four regiments into line, and closing toward the right, joined the 
 left of Cruft's brigade. At 4.30 p. m. Sheffield's brigade, of I^aw's 
 division, attacked Cruft's line, causing it to retire in some con- 
 fusion. Here Gen. Turchin wheeled his brigade to the right and 
 poured a volley into the flank of the Confederate line ; then or- 
 dering a charge, his troops, and the 90th Ohio, of Cruft's brigade, 
 rushed upon the enemy, driving them back a half-mile, and cap- 
 turing a number of prisoners. In this charge the 92d maintained 
 Turchin's center with great steadiness, although it was its first 
 assault upon an enemy's lines. As night approached the regi- 
 ment, with the brigade, withdrew to the Lafayette road, and 
 bivouacked south of Kelly's farm. In this day's battle the 
 92d lost 5 men killed, 3 officers, and 50 men wounded, and 5 
 missing. 
 
 Early on the morning of September 20th the regiment moved 
 to the timber, about midway between the north end of Poe's field 
 and the south end of Kelly's, and, when 300 yards east of the 
 Lafayette road, formed line of battle, facing a little south of east. 
 Here slight barricades of stone and logs were hastily constructed. 
 About 11 A. M. Wood's brigade, of Cleburne's division, made a 
 gallant assault upon this portion of the Federal line, but after a 
 fierce battle at short range, lasting a half-hour, the Confederates 
 retired, and for several hours thereafter a heavy skirmish fire was 
 maintained between the opposing forces. When the order for the 
 retirement of the Federal army was given in the evening, Turch- 
 in's brigade moved to the Lafayette road, north of Kelly's house, 
 and formed line of battle, facing southwest. It was then discov- 
 ■ ered that the Confederate brigades of Walthall and GoveUj having 
 passed around the left of Baird's and Johnson's divisions, had 
 formed line facing south, and immediately across the track de- 
 signed for the retirement of not only Turchin's brigade, but of 
 
86 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Palmer's and Johnson's divisions. At the same time Gen. Stew- 
 art's Confederate division was pressing hard upon the rear of 
 Reynolds. Turchin. immediately faced his line to the north, and 
 ordered a charge ; Walthall and Govan's brigades were struck 
 with such force and energy that they were driven in confusion 
 through the woods, and into McDonald's field. The 92d, in this 
 afiair, captured a Confederate Colonel, with several other officers 
 and men. The Confederates, having retreated to the woods north- 
 east of McDonald's house, the 92d, with the remainder of its bri- 
 gade, moved to the west side of the field, and formed line on the 
 ridge. After resting here for an hour, the brigade followed the 
 retiring column to Rossville. On the 21st the 92d was in line, 
 with its brigade, on Mission Ridge, in front of Rossville, and 
 remained there until the 22d, when it marched to Chattanooga. 
 
 Two granite tablets have been erected by the State of Ohio, to 
 mark the points where the 92d was engaged in battle. One 
 stands 600 feet due south of the site of the Brock house, and des- 
 ignates the point from which the regiment charged the enemy at 
 4.30 p. M., September 19th. The other stands about the center 
 of the north end of McDonald's field, and marks the spot where 
 the regiment, at about 5.30 p. m., September 20th, captured a Con- 
 federate Colonel and several other officers and men. The regi- 
 mental monument stands on the line of Turchin's brigade, south- 
 east of Kelly's field, where the regiment fought from an early 
 hour, September 20th, until 5,30 p. m. 
 
«■- ,' :^< 
 
93d Regiment. 87 
 
 93d Regiment* 
 
 THE 93d Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 20th, 
 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out June 8th, 
 1865. The regiment was first under fire of the enemy at 
 Antioc;h Church, near I,ebanon, Tenn., December 6th, 1862. 
 This, to some extent, prepared it for the conflict that followed a 
 few weeks later, at Stone River. The last battle of the regiment 
 was before Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 1864, when the 
 Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Hood, 
 was broken and routed, never again to appear as an organized 
 force. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Col. Hiram Strong 
 commanding, served in Col. Baldwin's brigade, Johnson's division, 
 McCook's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at Caperton's 
 Ferry, August 31st, 1863, and moved over Sand Mountain. 
 Thence, by way of Long's Spring and Trenton Valley, it crossed 
 IfOokout Mountain to Hendersons, near Alpine. On the 14th 
 the command was marched back and recrossed the mountain into 
 Trenton Valley. Moving down to Stevens' Gap, it again crossed 
 Ivookout MountaiU, and encamped on the 17th at Pond Spring, 
 in McLemore's Cove. Early on the morning of the 19th the 
 regiment, with the brigade and division, marched down the valley 
 of the Chickamauga to Crawfish Spring, where orders were 
 received to. move rapidly to the support of Gen. Thomas, then 
 heavily engaged east of the Lafayette road, at Kelly's farm. At 
 about 12.30 p. m. the command was formed in order of battle at 
 the south end of Kelly's farm, and moved east into the woods. 
 After advancing a short distance the Confederate brigade of 
 Gen. Jackson was met, while in pursuit of Col. Scribner's brigade, 
 
88 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 of Baird's division. Jackson had struck Scribner in flank while 
 he was engaged with Govan's brigade, in D. C. Reed's field, and 
 forced him to retreat. Baldwin at once engaged Jackson, and in 
 turn drove him back, with heavy fighting, through the woods 
 to Reed's field. In this advance the 93d Regiment was on 
 the left of the brigade, supporting the 5th Kentucky. Arriv- 
 ing at the edge of the field the enemy made a stand, and soon 
 advanced in force to attack. The 93d was deployed forward 
 
 on the left of the 5th Kentucky, and received the Confederate 
 
 * 
 
 assault. Col. Strong was wounded, and the regiment staggered 
 slightly under the blow from the enemy. Col. Baldwin, riding to 
 the front, seized the regimental colors, and calling out, "Rally 
 around the flag, boys!" the regiment rushed forward with a 
 cheer, and driving the enemy, captured two pieces of artillery, 
 one of which was brought off by the 98d; the other had been 
 so disabled by Capt. Simonson's shells that it could not be 
 moved. After an hour's quiet, and just as darkness was 
 settling over the woods, the Confederates, under Cleburne, 
 made the famous night assault upon the Federal lines, and 
 a bloody battle followed. Col. Baldwin was killed in the 
 thickest of the fight. The troops on the right of Baldwin's line 
 retired several hundred yards to the rear, leaving the right of his 
 brigade unsupported. The enemy now passing to the right and 
 rear completely separated the 93d Ohio and 5th Kentucky from 
 their supports. But, while the 6th Indiana and 1st Ohio were 
 engaging the enemy from the reserve line, the 5th Kentucky and 
 93d Ohio quietly moved around the right of the Confederate line 
 and, joining their reserves, turned again upon the Confederates. 
 After a fierce battle in the dark woods, lasting a half-hour, the 
 enemy was repulsed, and retired out of range, and the battle of 
 the 19th was at an end. The 93d now retired, with the brigade, 
 to its new position, east of the north end of Kelly's field, and 
 bivouacked for the night. 
 
93d Regiment. 89 
 
 On September 20th, at an early hour, the regiment built barri- 
 cades of logs and stones, and at 9.30 A. m. the Confederate Gen- 
 eral, Helm, attacked the position with great impetuosity, but was 
 soon repulsed. In this engagement Helm was killed. Helm's 
 attack was followed by an assault by Col. Colquit's brigade, and 
 next by Gen. Walthall's, both of which were repulsed, and by 
 12.30 p. M. the enemy was forced to retire out of range, with 
 severe loss. Skirmishing was kept up between the two lines 
 till about 5 p. m., when, as the right of the Federal line 
 was in the act of withdrawing, in execution of the general 
 order to retire to Rossville, the Confederates attacked Reynolds 
 and Palmer. Col. Berry, commanding Baldwin's brigade, 
 had, up to this time, not received the order to fall back, and 
 so, holding the 93d Ohio and 6th Indiana to the works, suc- 
 ceeded in checking the Confederate line. The splendid fighting 
 of the 93d at this time, by retarding the advance of Cleburne, 
 contributed largely to the successful withdrawal of the troops 
 further to the left. Before the Confederates could rally their lines 
 and renew the attack; Col. Berry, having by this time received the 
 order to retire, marched his brigade back through Kelly's field, 
 and thence through the north end of Snodgrass' farm, when he 
 rejoined the division and proceeded to Rossville. In the two-days' 
 battle the regiment suffered a loss of 130 men : 15 killed, 86 
 wounded, 29 captured or missing. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite tablet to be erected 
 where the 93d fought throughout the day, September 20th. The 
 regimental monument stands upon the spot in D. C. Reed's field, 
 from which the regiment, led by Col. Baldwin, at about 3.30 p. m., 
 September 19th, charged the enemy and captured two Confeder- 
 ate guns. 
 
90 Thk Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 94th Regiment* 
 
 THE 94th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was mustered in August 
 23d and 24th, 1862, and was at once ordered into Kentucky. 
 It marched from Lexington August 31st, and met its first loss 
 that night at Tate's Ferry. It was engaged in the battles of 
 Perrjrville and Stone River, and in all the fighting service of the 
 1st Division, 14th Army Corps, at Chickamauga and Chattanooga, 
 including l/ookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. It partici- 
 pated in the Atlanta campaign, and in the march to the sea, 
 finally going through the Carolinas to Bentonville and Raleigh, 
 and then to Washington for review and muster out. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Maj. Rue P. 
 Hutchins commanding, served in Scribner's brigade, Baird's 
 division, Thomas' corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at 
 Bridgeport, Ala., September 4th, 1863, and marched, with the 
 brigade, to Trenton Valley ; crossed Lookout Mountain, at Ste- 
 vens' Gap, on the night of the 10th, and was engaged in battle 
 near Dug Gap, in Pigeon Mountain, and at Davis' X Roads, 
 on the 11th. It remained in McLemore's Cove till the 18th, 
 when it marched for the Chickamauga battle field ; halting at 
 Crawfish Spring for an hour's rest, it moved to Widow Glenn's 
 house, and thence to Kelly's farm on the Lafayette road, where 
 it arrived at daylight on the 19th. At an early hour the regi- 
 ment, with Scribner's brigade, moved eastwardly from Kelly's 
 farm, and after going a short distance met the enemy and pushed 
 him back to D. C. Reed's field. Here, for a short time, it occu- 
 pied the left of the brigade, and becoming heavily engaged with 
 the troops of Liddell's division, forced them back to near White 
 Smith's field. At this point the Federal line was attacked with 
 great force on the front and right flank by the brigades of Jack- 
 son and Smith, of Cheatham's division, and after a desperate 
 struggle was forced back in the direction of Reed's-bridge road, 
 having suffered heavily in killed, wounded, and prisoners. 
 
94th Rbgimbnt. 91 
 
 The brigade lines were now reformed south of the road just re- 
 ferred to, and from this point Scribner's and Starkweather's 
 brigades advanced that evening to the support of Johnson's 
 division. At a later hour, however, they retired to the Kelly 
 field for bivouac. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 20th the 94th Regiment was in 
 position in the front line of its brigade, 300 feet east of the north- 
 east comer of the Kelly field. Here barricades of logs, rails, and 
 stones were hastily constructed; which proved to be of great ad- 
 vantage to the Union troops throughout the day. About 9.30 
 A. M. Gen. Helm's brigade made a direct assault upon this part 
 of the line, and pushed well up to the works ; but, after a fierce 
 battle of thirty minutes, the enemy gave way, having suffered 
 heavily in killed and wounded. It was here that Gen. Helm was 
 killed. 
 
 Soon after Helm's repulse Col. Colquit, of Gist's division, made 
 a secqnd assault in front of the 94th. Colquit fell mortally 
 wounded, and his brigade soon aft^r retreated, with a loss of one- 
 third of its numbers. Later, Gen. Walthall, of Liddell's division, 
 attacked the same point, and he, too, after suffering great loss, 
 was compelled to retire out of range. In bnef, the 94th held its 
 position on the front line throughout the day, and repulsed every 
 assault made upon it. In the evening, when the general order to 
 retire the army was given, the regiment, failing at first to under- 
 stand it, continued fighting at the works until the troops to the 
 right and left of it had abandoned the line, and the Confederates, 
 passing both flanks, were moving upon its rear. Then, to avoid 
 capture, the 94th retired precipitately through the woods north of 
 Kelly's field. After crossing the Lafayette road, and reaching 
 the ridge west of McDonald's farm, it rallied, and, rejoining its 
 brigade, marched to Rossville. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite tablet to be erected, to 
 ghow the advanced position of the regiment September 19th, near 
 the north-west corner of White Smith's field. The regimental 
 monument stands 800 feet east of the north-east corner of Kelly's 
 field, near the right of the line occupied by Scribner's brigade, 
 September 20th. 
 
92 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 98th Regiment, 
 
 THE 98th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 21st, 
 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out of service 
 June 1st, 1865. The regiment was commanded first by Col. 
 George Webster, who, being killed at the battle of Perryville, 
 Ky., was succeeded by Col. Christian 1,. Poorman, and he by 
 I<ieut.-Col. John S. Pearce. 
 
 Immediately after its organization the regiment marched to the 
 front, and, on October 8th, 1862, engaged in the battle of Perry- 
 T^Ue, Ky. It then joined the Army of the Cumberland in its 
 grand career of campaigns and battles, winding up its active ser- 
 vice as a military organization at Bentonville, N. C, March 19th, 
 1865. 
 
 The regiment, Capt. M. J. Urquhart commanding, serving in 
 Col. John G. Mitchell's brigade, Steedman's division, of Granger's 
 reserve corps, crossed the Tennessee River, with the brigade, at 
 Bridgeport, Ala., on the 13th day of September, 1863, and marched 
 rapidly over the mountains west of Chattanooga, arriving at Ross- 
 ville, Ga., at 11 p. m. on the 14th, having made forty miles over 
 rough mountain roads, carrying five days' rations, in addition to 
 guns, ammunition and blankets, in thirty hours. On the 17th 
 the command marched to Ringgold, Ga., driving the enemy's 
 pickets through the town. It returned to Rpssville on the 18th, 
 and in the evening moved out on the Toad leading from the 
 Lafayette road to Reed's bridge, tp the support of Col. Daniel 
 McCook's brigade, which was skirmishing with the enemy near 
 the west bank of the Chickamauga River. On the morning of 
 the 19th the enemy appeared in considerable force, near Jay's 
 saw-mill, and heavy skirmishing soon followed. The engage- 
 ment was fast becoming general, when a peremptory order from 
 .Gen. Steedman recalled the brigade to Rossville. In the evening 
 the regiment, with its brigade, moved out on the Ringgold road, 
 and bivouacked with Gen. Whitaker's brigade, near McAfee's 
 Church. 
 
98th Regiment. 93 
 
 At 11 A. M., on September 20th, a great battle was going 
 on at a point on the I,afayette road, five miles south of where 
 the 98th had spent the night. The Federal army of Rosecrans 
 was engaged there, with the combined forces of I,ongstreet 
 and Bragg. The 98th Regiment, with its own brigade and Gen. 
 Whitaker's, was marched as rapidly as possible toward the sound 
 of battle, arriving in the north end of Snodgrass' farm at about 
 1.30 p. M., and being then directly in rear of the right wing of 
 Gen. Thomas' army. Col. Mitchell's brigade was formed on the 
 extreme right of the Federal line, the 98th forming the left of 
 the brigade, with the 121st Regiment on the right, and the 78th 
 Illinois and 113th Ohio in the center. Thus formed, the brigade 
 moved into action, led by Mitchell and Steedman. The enemy, 
 under Bushrod Johnson, had already gained the crest of the 
 ridge, 500 yards west of the Snodgrass house, and was fast push- 
 ing toward the right and rear of Thomas' lines. Steedman's two 
 brigades, Whitaker's on the left and Mitchell's on the right, 
 pushed up the northern slope of the ridge under a withering fire 
 from Johnson's and Hindman's Confederates. The fighting at 
 this point was almost hand to hand for nearly two hours, when, 
 as both armies had exhausted their ammunition, Steedman's men 
 charged with fixed bayonets, and forced the Confederates to the 
 south base of the ridge. Steedman's troops maintained their 
 position upon the crest of the ridge till about 5.30 o'clock in the 
 evening. Three distinct charges upon the Federal line were 
 made at the point occupied by the 98th and its brigade, and in 
 each instance the enemy was gallantly repulsed with severe loss. 
 As the sun was setting behind Ivookout Mountain, about 6 p. m., 
 after the combined assault of Longstreet's five divisions had been 
 repulsed, the Army of the Cumberland was withdrawn, and the 
 regiment, with colors flying, marched in order, with its brigade 
 and division, to Rossville, having suffered a loss in the four-hours' 
 engagement of sixty-three men. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused to be erected upon the northern 
 slope of the ridge, where the 98th was first hotly engaged, an 
 artistic granite monument bearing suitable legends and inscrip- 
 tions. 
 
94 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 99th Regiment. 
 
 THE 99th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 
 26th; 1862, to serve three years, and was consolidated with 
 the 50th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, December 31st, 1864. The 
 first great battle the regiment engaged in was at Stone River, 
 December 30th, 1862, to January 2d, 1863. Its last battle was 
 fought at Nashville, Tenn., December 15th and 16th, 1864. 
 
 In all the battles of the Army of the Cumberland, including 
 Stone River, Chickamauga, lyookout Mountain, and Mission Ridge, 
 and the battles of the Atlanta campaign to Lovejoy Station, the 
 99th Regiment bore an honorable part. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Col. Peter T. 
 Swaine commanding, served in Col. Barnes' brigade, Van Cleve's 
 division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River with 
 the brigade, at Shell Mound, September 4th, 1868, and on the 9th 
 crossed Lookout Mountain, west of Chattanooga, and encamped 
 near Rossville, Ga. On the 10th the regiment marched, with the 
 brigade, to Pea Vine Valley, east of the Chickamauga River. On 
 the 11th the command moved on, driving the enemy through the 
 town of Ringgold and three miles beyond. On the 12th it marched,' 
 with the brigade, to Lee and Gordon's mill. On the 13th it pro- 
 ceeded to Pigeon Mountain, where it had a slight engagement. On 
 the 15th it moved to Glass' Mill, on the Upper Chickamauga. 
 On the 18th the enemy attacked from the east side of the river, 
 and an artillery duel at long range was maintained throughout the 
 day ; being relieved in the evening, the command marched back 
 to Lee and Gordon's mill, and encamped for the night. On the 
 19th, at about 1 p. m., the regiment, with the brigade, moved 
 north one mile on the Lafayette road, and, turning to the right, 
 
99th Regiment. 95 
 
 went into action on the extreme right of the fighting line of the 
 army. The 99th, forming the right in the second line of the bri- 
 gade, followed closely the front line, then heavily engaged driv- 
 ing the enemy through a dense forest. Suddenly, however, a 
 heavy force of the enemy appeared on the front and right flank 
 of the front line, and compelled it to retire. The 35th Indiana 
 and 99th Ohio, forming the second line of the brigade, lay flat 
 upon the ground till the front line passed over them to the rear, 
 then rising, rushed upon the Confederates, pouring volley after 
 volley into their ranks. The enemy, being strongly posted, held 
 their ground, and as their supporting lines came into action, our 
 lines were forced to come to a halt. Soon after this a heavy 
 force was seen moving to the right and rear 6f the 99th, and the 
 order was given to fall back to the I/afayette road. The regiment 
 remained here until its brigade moved to join the division west of 
 Dyer's house. 
 
 Early September 20th the 99th, with its brigade, moved 
 north through Dyer's farm, then, crossing over to Kelly's field, 
 went into action near Baird's left, and at about 11 A. m. was en- 
 gaged in the repulse of Govan's brigade, of Ividdell's division. 
 The 99th was now placed on the left of Gen. King's line, and re- 
 mained there until near sunset, when the order was given to 
 retire. It fell back- through McDonald's field, and, reforming on 
 a ridge, marched to Rossville. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused to be erected a granite tablet, to 
 show the position occupied by the 99th, north of Kelly's field, 
 from 12 noon to 6 p. m., September 20th, 1863 ; and the regimental 
 monument, an artistic granite memorial, bearing a fine battle 
 scene in bronze relief, stands east of the Lafayette road, and 
 marks the point where the regiment moved into action at 1.30 
 p. M., September 19th. 
 
96 The Battlb of Chickamauga. 
 
 JO J St Regiment 
 
 THE 101st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized August 
 SOtli, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out of 
 service June 12th, 1865. At Perryville, Ky., October 8th, 1862, 
 the regiment commenced its fighting career, and, soon afterward 
 becoming a part of the Army of the Cumberland, took part in all 
 its campaigns and battles up to Nashville, Tenn., December 15th 
 and 16th, 1864. Eighteen regular battles are placed to its credit, 
 besides a great many small fights and skirmishes. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Maj. Bedan B. 
 McDanald commanding, served in Carlin's brigade, J. C. Davis' 
 division, McCook's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River, with 
 the brigade, at Caperton's Ferry, on the 29th day of August, 1863, 
 and, moving with the advance of the right wing of the army, 
 crossed Lookout Mountain, and encamped at Alpine on the night 
 of September 9th. Remaining in this vicinity till the morning 
 of the 13th the command was turned back over Lookout Moun- 
 tain, and marched to McLemore's Cove, on the west branch ol 
 the Chickamauga. It arrived in front of Dug Gap on the 15th. 
 On the night of the 18th it marched for the Chickamauga battle 
 field, and reached the Widow Glenn house the next day at 
 about 11 A. M. On the 19th the command was moved east to 
 the Lafayette road, and the brigade (Carlin's) was placed on 
 the right of the division, the 101st Regiment in the center of 
 the front line, and directly ea.st of Viniard's house. Here the Con- 
 federates attacked in great force about 1 p. m., and Carlin's bri- 
 gade was driven west of the Lafayette road, with heavy loss. 
 The line was rallied, and being now reinforced by Buell's brigade, 
 of Wood's division, again moved forward with great gallantry. 
 
lOlsT Regimbnt. 97 
 
 Col. Barnes' brigade, on the right, at this time giving way, a part 
 of it rushed back through the 101st, and, throwing it into con- 
 fusion, carried it to the rear ; but the regiment rallied in the tim- 
 ber west of the road and went into action again, supported by 
 Col. Buell's brigade on the left and by one of Gen. Sheridan's 
 brigades on the right. The line advanced to the east side of the 
 road and maintained this position, with heavy fighting, till night- 
 fall. During the night the regiment, with its brigade, moved 
 back to the Widow Glenn house, and remained on a high ridge 
 west of the Crawfish-Spring road until morning. 
 
 On September 20th the command moved into line near the 
 south-east corner of Dyer's field, fronting toward the Lafay- 
 ette road. Here rude breastworks of logs and stones were 
 thrown up. This position was attacked by Hindman's division 
 about 11 A. M. The 101st, with its brigade, and Heg's brigade, 
 of Davis' division, maintained their ground until long lines of 
 the Confederates had overlapped both flanks, and were moving 
 toward their rear. Then, to avoid being captured, the two bri- 
 gades retreated in some confusion toward the Crawfish-Spring 
 road, closely followed by the Confederates, who pushed them 
 west of the road into the spurs of Mission Ridge. When 
 they arrived at McFarland's Gap, they were halted and reformed. 
 During the retreat Maj. McDanald was wounded, and the com- 
 mand thereafter devolved on Capt. 1/. D. Smith. Later in the 
 day the regiment, under Gen. J. C. Davis, started to return to 
 the battle field, but, before reaching it, met the army retiring to 
 Rossville. A loss of 146 men killed, wounded, and missing, is 
 sufficient proof of the lOlst's fighting qualities. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument in front of 
 Viniard's house, to mark the spot where the 101st Regiment con- 
 tended so long and so stoutly against superior numbers, on the 
 afternoon of September 19th, 1863. 
 
98 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 J 05th Regiment 
 
 THE lOStli Regiment, Chio Infantry, was organized August 
 21st, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out of 
 service June 3d, 1865. 
 
 In a few days after its organization the 105th was sent to Ken- 
 tucky, and on the 8th day of October, 1862, took part in the bat- 
 tle of Perryville, after which it was identified with the Army of the 
 Cumberland, following its fortunes through the Atlanta campaign. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, Major George T. 
 Perkins commanding, served in Col. Edward A. King's brigade, 
 Reynolds' division, Thomas' corps. It left camp near Decherd 
 Station, Tenn., with the brigade, on the 16th of August, 1863, and 
 crossed the Cumberland Mountains at University Place, thence 
 moving by way of Sweeden's Cove and Battle Creek, it arrived 
 at Jasper, Tenn., on the 21st. On the 22d it marched to Shell 
 Mound Ferry, on the Tennessee River, twenty-five miles west of 
 Chattanooga. Here the 105th assisted in collecting and building 
 flat-boats to cross the division to the south side of the river. On 
 the 31st the regiment, with a part of the brigade, supported Col. 
 Ray's cavalry in a reconnaissance to within three miles of Chat- 
 tanooga. Returning to the ferry, the command, on the 1st of 
 September, crossed to the south side of the river, and moving by 
 the main road to Trenton Valley, crossed the l/ookout Mountain 
 Range at Steven's Gap, September 13th. Going into camp in 
 McLemore's Cove, in front of Catlett's Gap, Pigeon Mountain, it 
 continued there until the evening of the 18th, when it marched 
 for the Chickamauga battle field. It passed Crawfish Spring at 
 daylight, and halting at Osbom's place an hour for breakfast, 
 moved forward by the Chattanooga and Crawfish-Spring road to 
 Widow Glenn's house. Here the command turned northeast 
 through Dyer's farm, and came into the Lafayette road at the 
 north end of Poe's field, near Kelly's cross roads. The command 
 was held at this point for several hours, while heavy fighting was 
 going on to the east and north. 
 
105th Regiment. 99 
 
 At about 1.30 p. m. the 105th, with the 68th and 101st Indiana 
 regiments, was ordered to support Col. Grose's brigade, of Palmer's 
 division, then heavily attacked by Cheatham's and Stewart's men, 
 directly east of Brotherton's house. The 105th went into action 
 in a gap between the right of Palmer's division and the left of 
 Van Cleve's. These troops were giving ground before the spir- 
 ited assaults of Bates' and Brown's brigades of A. P. Stewart's 
 division. The three regiments of King's brigade at once checked 
 the Confederate advance, and the fighting, for over an hour, was 
 fierce in the extreme. Bushrod Johnson's troops finally attack- 
 ing the right of Van Cleve's division, caused it to break and go 
 to the rear. About the same time Clayton's Confederate brigade 
 moved upon the 105th and the two Indiana regiments of King's 
 brigade, and forced them back to near the Poe house, where they 
 rallied in support of Reynolds' batteries, and held the position 
 till the sun went down, and the battle of the 19th was ended. 
 
 On the 20th the 105th Regiment was posted in the second line of 
 its brigade, at the north end of Poe's field, facing southeast. At 11 
 A. M. Wood's brigade, of Cleburne's division, supported by Brown's 
 brigade, of Stewart's division, pushed our front line back at this 
 point in some confusion. The 105th was ordered forward to face 
 the enemy, and to go at him with the bayonet. The order was 
 gallantly executed, the enemy was thrown back in confusion, and 
 here the Confederate Gen. Wood reports a loss of 500 men. At 
 near 12 noon the right wing of the Union Army was broken and 
 swept from the field, leaving the 105th Ohio and its brigade on 
 the right of the left wing of the army to maintain their position 
 till the battle ended. 
 
 A granite tablet has been erected by the State of Ohio, to point 
 out the position where the 105th engaged the enemy east of 
 Brotherton's house. The monument stands near the site of the 
 Poe house, where the regiment rallied in support of the batteries. 
 
100 The Battle of CiiicKAMAUGA. 
 
 nSth Regiment, 
 
 THE 113th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from Oc- 
 tober 10th to December 12th, 1862, to serve three years. It 
 was mustered out of service July 6th, 1865. Its first great battle 
 was Chickamauga, and its last Bentonville, N. C. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment was commanded by 
 Lieut.-Col. Darius B. Warner, and served in Col. John G. Mitch- 
 ell's brigade, Steedman's division, Granger's reserve corps. The 
 regiment, with the brigade, crossed the Tennessee River at Bridge- 
 port, Ala., September 13th, 1863. Passing around the northern 
 point of Lookout Mountain, and leaving Chattanooga to the left, 
 it reached Rossville, Ga., on the 14th, and bivouacked for the 
 night. On the 17th it started for Ringgold, Ga., and, with its 
 brigade, drove the enemy through the town. On the morning of 
 the 18th the brigade returned to Rossville, knd in the evening of 
 the same day marched to the support of Col. Daniel McCook, 
 who, with his brigade, was posted on the road leading from Mc- 
 Donald's house to Reed's bridge. On the morning of the 19th 
 the enemy was found to be in force on the west side of the Chick- 
 amauga, and, after an hour of heavy skirmishing with Forrest's 
 dismounted cavalry in the vicinity of Jay's saw-mill, the 113th 
 was ordered back to the Lafayette road, and thence with the bri- 
 gade to Rossville. After the troops had been supplied with 
 three days' rations, the brigade again moved out on the road lead- 
 ing from Chattanooga to Ringgold, to the support of Gen. Whit- 
 aker's brigade, which had been skirmishing heavily with the Con- 
 federate cavalry in front of McAfee's church. 
 
 The command rested here until about 11 A. m. of the 20th, 
 •when it was ordered south on the Lafayette road, toward 
 
e — 
 
 
113th Regiment. 101 
 
 the sound of a great battle then in progress about Kelly's 
 farm. The 113th, with its brigade, following close upon the 
 rear of Gen. Whitaker's command, marched with all possible 
 speed. Arriving at the south end of the McDonald farm the 
 brigade was ordered, by Gen. Thomas, to the extreme right of a 
 battle line, which ran in a westerly direction from the Snodgrass 
 house, along the crest of a ridge. The Confederates, under Bush- 
 rod Johnson and Hindman, had already gained the westerly end 
 of the ridge, and were moving to turn the right of the Union 
 line, and get in its rear. The two brigades of Steedman's division 
 (Whitaker's and Mitchell's) moved at double quick to the right 
 of Brannan, then forming line of battle; with Whitaker on the 
 left and Mitchell on the right, they ascended the ridge. The 
 113th constituted a part of the center of Mitchell's front line. The 
 Confederates were in great force, and poured a galling fire into 
 the Union troops as they advanced. The order to charge was given 
 and led by Gen. Steedman in person ; the whole line moved for- 
 ward with a loud shout. The fighting was heroic on both sides, 
 and almost hand to hand. Finally, however, the national troops 
 carried the heights and held their ground untU the battle ended. 
 In this terrific engagement the 113th bore a most conspicuous 
 part by maintaining throughout a central position in the front 
 line of the brigade. In this battle, lasting less than five hours, 
 the regiment lost 21 killed, 98 wounded, 12 captured or missing, 
 making a total loss of 131 men. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected abeautiful monument of highly 
 polished Qaincy granite, bearing a suitable legend, on the spot 
 where the 113th, at about 2.30 p. m., September 20th, 1863, gained 
 the crest of the ridge. 
 
X2Jst Regiment* 
 
 THE 121st Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized September 
 11th, 1862, to serve three years, and was mustered out of 
 service June 8th, 1865. The regiment, soon after its organiza- 
 tion, was sent to Kentucky, and on the 8th day of October, 1862, 
 participated in the battle of PerryvUle. After this the 121st 
 took part in all the campaigns and battles of the Army of the 
 Cumberland, and, finally marching with Sherman to the sea, made 
 its last fight at Bentonville, N. C, March 19th to 21st, 1865. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the 121st Regiment was com- 
 manded by I^ieut.-Col. Henry B. Banning, and served in Col. John 
 G. Mitchell's brigade, Steedman's division. Granger's reserve corps. 
 
 The regiment, with its brigade, crossed the Tennessee River 
 at Bridgeport, Ala., on the 13th day of September, 1863, and, by 
 a forced march over rough mountain roads, arrived at Rossville, 
 Ga., thirty-five miles distant, at 11 A. m. the next day. The com- 
 mand remained at Rossville until the morning of the 17th, when 
 the 121st, with five other regiments, marched at 3 A. M. for Ring- 
 gold, Ga. When within two miles of the town, the enemy was 
 met and driven across the east branch of the Chickamauga, and 
 into the town. The command then returned to Rossville, and in 
 the evening of the 18th marched to the support of Col. Daniel 
 McCook's brigade, which was posted near Jay's saw-mill, on the 
 road from McDonald's house to Reed's bridge. At an early hour 
 on the morning of the 19th the 121st, with the remainder of the 
 brigade, was engaged skirmishing with the enemy, who appeared 
 in considerable force. Not wishing to bring on a general engage- 
 ment. Gen. Steedman ordered the whole command back to the 
 lyafayette road, and a little later the 121st marched, with its 
 brigade, to Rossville. After receiving three days' rations the 
 brigade now moved to the support of Gen. Whitaker, who was 
 skirmishing heavily with the enemy on the Ringgold road, 
 between McAfee's Church and the little Chickamauga River. The 
 fighting had ended when Col. Mitchell's brigade reached Whit- 
 aker's position, and the troops rested on their arms until morning. 
 
 At about 9.30 a. m. of the 20th, heavy firing was heard up the 
 Lafayette road, in the direction of McDonald's farm ; the sound 
 of battle steadily increased, and apparently moved toward the 
 south and west, until at about 11 a. m. it seemed as if the whole 
 
121sT Regiment. 103 
 
 Federal line might be engaged, and the right giving away. Gen. 
 Granger being present with Steedman's two brigades (Whitaker's 
 and Mitchell's), and Col. Daniel McCook's brigade being near at 
 hand, the order was given to march with all dispatch toward the 
 sound of battle. The troops of Whitaker and Mitchell moved at 
 almost double quick up the road, under a scorching sun, through 
 dense clouds of dust, and during the last two miles they were ex- 
 posed to a constant fusilade from Forrest's dismounted cavalry, con- 
 cealed in the thick underbrush on the east of the Lafayette road. 
 No time, however, could be wasted in the task of brushing away 
 these annoying bushwhackers, for service of greater peril and 
 importance was at hand. The intrepid Granger, therefore, 
 ordered the column onward, and in the very nick of time reported 
 with his command to Gen. Thomas at the north end of Snodgrass 
 field, and was ordered to the right. Here his command was 
 formed in line of battle on the double quick. The 121st 
 Regiment occupied the right of the brigade, and formed the 
 extreme right of the fighting line of the Federal army. Gen. 
 Hindman's division had already reached the crest of the 
 ridge, aind was making a most determined effort to keep pos- 
 session of it. The brigades of Whitaker and Mitchell met a 
 withering fire as they advanced. Gen. Steedman, at this junc- 
 ture, snatched a regimental flag from its bearer, and, placing him- 
 self at the head of the column, ordered a charge. The line swept 
 upward to the crest and the Confederates, fighting with heroic 
 desperation, were fairly pushed from it at the point of the bayonet. 
 The Confederates retired to the south base of the ridge, fighting 
 every inch of the way. The brigades of Whitaker and Mitchell, 
 by seizing this important position, probably saved the Union 
 arrny from a precipitate retreat to Chattanooga. For four hours 
 they held the right of Snodgrass Ridge, although during this time 
 three separate and distinct assaults were made by the Confeder- 
 ates in their effort to dislodge them. After the combined assault 
 of five divisions of Longstreet's command had been repulsed at 
 5.30 p. M., and the Confederates again driven from the ridge. Gen. 
 Granger withdrew his troops, and marched them to Rossville. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a splendid granite monument on 
 the point of the ridge, where the 121st Regiment charged up and 
 occupied the crest at 2 p. M., September 20th. 
 
104 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 1 24th Regiment, 
 
 THE 124th Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized in the 
 months of August and September, 1862, to serve three years, 
 and was mustered out July 9th, 1865. The regiment was sent 
 to Kentucky, and became a part of the Army of the Cumberland. 
 Its first battle occurred at Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 
 4th and 5th, 1863, and its last was fought at Nashville, Decem- 
 ber 15th and 16th, 1864. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the 124th Regiment was com- 
 manded, first, by Col. Oliver H. Payne, and next, by Major James 
 B. Hampson. It formed a part of Hazen's brigade. Palmer's di- 
 vision, Crittenden's corps. The regiment moved, with the brigade, 
 by way of the Sequatchie Valley, and reached the Tennessee 
 River, above Chattanooga, on the 6th of September, 1863. On 
 the 10th it forded the river at Friar's Island, and, on the 
 11th, marching to Graysville, joined its division. Until the 
 night of the 18th the regiment marched and skirmished with 
 the enemy, between Ringgold, I,afayette, and Lee and Gordon's 
 mill. Remaining near the latter place until about 11 A. m. of the 
 19th, the brigade then marched north on the Lafayette road to 
 the Poe house, where the regiment, in the second line of its bri- 
 gade, was formed in rear of the 9th Indiana. The line moved east 
 into the timber, and soon became heavily engaged with the troops 
 of Preston Smith's brigade, of Cheatham's division. The 124th, 
 moving forward under a heavy fire, was finally placed on the left 
 of the 41st regiment, in the north side of the Brock field. In this 
 position it fought with steady valor until its ammunition was ex- 
 hausted, when it was relieved by the 92d Ohio, of Turchin's bri- 
 gade. Here Col. Payne was wounded, and the command devolved 
 upon Major J. B. Hampson. After the regiment had refilled cart- 
 ridge boxes, it returned to its position in the line, and remained 
 under a heavy fire, doing excellent service until about 4 p. M., 
 when it was finally relieved by Turchin's brigade, and joined the 
 remainder of its own brigade on the Lafayette road, near the north 
 
124th Regiment. 105 
 
 end of Poe's field, where it was placed to support the right of 
 Palmer's line. The confederates, under Stewart, soon came on 
 in great numbers, driving everything before them. The 124th, 
 and other troops of the Federal line, delivered their fire as soon 
 as the enemy appeared, but the Confederates pressed on in such 
 numbers that the 124th, being now unsupported, was compelled 
 to give way, and fall back to the hill in Dyer's field. At this 
 juncture the artillery of Hazen and Reynolds opened from the 
 north end of Poe's field, and turned the enemy back. The firing 
 now ceased for the day, and the regiment bivouacked with the 
 brigade, just east of Kelly's field. 
 
 On the morning of the 20th the 124th hastily constructed barri- 
 cades of logs and rails, and about 11 A. m. was attacked by Gen. 
 Wood, of Cleburne's division. The enemy, however, was repulsed 
 with heavy loss, and retreated out of musketry range. This posi- 
 tion the 124th maintained until about 4 p. m., when it was taken 
 out of line, and moved, with the brigade, to the support of Gen. 
 Harker, then heavily engaged at the Snodgrass house. Here, as 
 the troops of Preston and Kershaw came pouring through the 
 Dyer farm, and charging close to the Federal lines, the regiment 
 did some most effective volley firing, and contributed largely to 
 the repulse of the enemy. The regiment, during the two-days' 
 battle, lost 141 men in killed, wounded and missing. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected two granite tablets to the 124th; 
 one marks the position occupied by the regiment from 4 A. M. to 
 4 p. M., September 20th, and another marks its position while in 
 support of Barker's brigade, on Snodgrass ridge, from 4 p. m. to 
 7 p. M., September 20th. The regimental monument stands in 
 the north end of the Brock field, where the regiment fought from 
 1 to 4 p. M., September 19th. 
 
J 25th Regiment, 
 
 THE 12oth Regiment, Ohio Infantry, was organized from Sep- 
 tember 16th, 1862, to December 5th, 1863, to serve three 
 years. Company A was mustered out of service June 8th, Com- 
 pany B June 20th, and the remaining companies September 28th, 
 1865. It would be quite sufl&cient for the reputation of any reg- 
 iment serving in the Army of the Cumberland to say that Col. 
 Emerson Dpdycke was, for nearly three years, its commander. 
 The regiment first met the enemy in battle at Franklin, Tenn., 
 March 9, 1863, where it displayed soldierly qualities, which sub- 
 sequently became conspicuous on many battle fields, and, finally, 
 in another battle of Franklin, November 30th, 1864, it attracted 
 the attention of the nation, and won for Opdycke the flattering 
 commendations of Gen. George H. Thomas. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment was in Barker's bri- 
 gade. Wood's division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed the Ten- 
 nessee River at Shell Mound, on the 3d of September, 1863. On 
 the 5th it marched toward Chattanooga, and on the night of the 
 6th bivouacked within seven miles of the town. Here, meeting 
 the enemy in force, and after heavy skirmishing with his pickets, 
 the command retired, during the night, to a point two miles in 
 the rear. At 1 p. m. on the 9th, however, the 125th entered 
 Chattanooga, being one of the first to occupy the place. On the 
 11th the regiment was left as a reserve at Rossville, while the 
 remainder of the brigade, under Col. Harker, made a reconnaisance 
 to I,ee and Gordon's mill. On the 12th it joined the brigade and 
 marched toward Lafayette. On the 13th it moved to Crawfish 
 Spring, and was engaged during the 16th and 16th in guarding 
 the west branch of the Chickamauga, above I,ee and Gordon's 
 mill. At 11 A. M. on the 19th, heavy firing was heard to the 
 left, and at 1 p. m. the regiment moved, with Barker's brigade, 
 north on the Lafayette road to Viniard's place, and formed line 
 of battle in rear of Gen. Davis, who was then heavily engaged 
 immediately east of the house. At the north end of Viniard's 
 field, the 125th came upon the rear of Bushrod Johnson's troops, 
 who were engaging Van Cleve's line. The Confederates turned 
 upon the 125th and 64th Ohio regiments, and, for a short time, a 
 fierce battle was maintained in a thick woods, 200 yards east of 
 the Lafayette road. Here the enemy was driven, and a number 
 
125th Regiment. 107 
 
 of wounded Confederates fell into the hands of the 125th. A little 
 later, however, the enemy renewed the fight in superior force, and, 
 while deploying under a heavy fire from the 125th, the Union 
 lines were withdrawn to the west of the road. 
 
 About 9 A. M. on the 20th, the regiment, with the brigade, 
 relieved Col. Stanley's brigade, and went into line imme- 
 diately west of Brotherton's house. At about 10 A. m., how- 
 ever, the brigade was marched double quick to the left to 
 support Gen. Reynolds. The Confederate Generals, Stewart 
 and Johnson, were moving to attack Brannan's line, as Harker 
 moved in its rear, and, by the time he had reached the 
 north end of Dyer's field, Brannan had been pushed back, 
 and the enemy had gained possession of the ground to Marker's 
 right and rear. Turning now toward the position he had 
 but a little while before been ordered to abandon, Harker 
 formed line of battle, and found himself face to face with the 
 troops of Generals I/aw and Kershaw. For more than an hour 
 a heroic and unequal contest was maintained by Harker's four 
 regiments with two Confederate divisions. The enemy's line, 
 200 yards in front, reached beyond both his flanks, and was ad- 
 vancing upon him. The firing was terrific. Gen. Wood being 
 present, ordered the brigade to charge, and the line went forward 
 with a rush, under a withering fire. The Confederates retired 
 several hundred yards, and the 125th Ohio gained a strip of tim- 
 ber. The enemy, now reinforced, again advanced and overlapped 
 both flanks of the Union line by more than a brigade's length. 
 After all supporting regiments had withdrawn, the intrepid Op- 
 dycke held thC' 125th in position until it was enfiladed from its 
 right and rear. Seeing no relief, he retired the regiment to the 
 ridge east of Snodgrass house, where it continued during the re- 
 mainder of the day, and rendered heroic service in repelling the 
 repeated assaults of I/ongstreet's men. The regiment lost in the 
 two-days' battle, 17 killed, 83 wounded, 5 captured or missing, 
 making a total loss of 105 men. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused two granite tablets to be erected 
 to mark the positions occupied by the 125th. The first stands 
 where the regiment went into action on the evening of the 19th. 
 The second marks its position from 11.30 to 12 noon, September 
 20th. The regimental monument stands on Snodgrass Ridge. 
 
108 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 1st Regiment, Ohio Cavalry* 
 
 THE 1st Regiment, Ohio Cavalry, was organized from August 
 17th to October 5th, 1861, to serve three years. On the 
 expiration of its term of service the original members were mus- 
 tered out; veterans and recruits were retained till September 
 ,28th, 1865. 
 
 The regiment marched with the advance of Buell's army to 
 Pittsburg I/anding. It was at the siege of Corinth, and took part 
 in the battle of Perryville, Ky., October 8th, 1862. At Stone 
 River it made a saber charge, in which Colonel Millikin, Major 
 Moore and Adjutant Condit were killed. The regiment has to 
 its credit a long list of battles besides those mentioned, and 
 many lesser engagements in which great skill and courage were 
 displayed. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign, under the command of I^ieut.- 
 Col. Valentine Cupp, and subsequently of Major Thomas J.' 
 Patton, the regiment served in Col. Kli I/ong's brigade^ Gen. 
 Crook's division. Cavalry corps. It crossed the Tennessee River 
 below Stevenson, Ala., September 2d, 1863; passed over Sand 
 Mountain on the 3d, and encamped in Will's Valley until the 8th. 
 With the brigade it crossed I^ookout Mountain, and engaged a 
 brigade of Confederate Cavalry near Alpine, September 10th, and 
 drove it through Broomtown Valley. On September "'8th it 
 made a reconnaisance toward I^afayette, and found Bragg's army 
 in force. Returning with the brigade, it moved back over I^ook- 
 out Mountain to Dougherty's Gap, and on September 19th 
 marched to Mcl^emore's Cove, and on the 20th to Crawfish 
 Spring. Here a battle with infantry and cavalry was maintained 
 throughout the day. The Confederates, at 12 noon, occupied, in 
 
1st Regiment, Ohio Cavalry. 109 
 
 part, the main roads leading to Chattanooga, thus separating the 
 cavalry at Crawfish Spring from the great body of the Fed- 
 eral army. The cavalry, under Crook and Mitchell, was con- 
 fronted by Wheeler's cavalry corps and a part of Hindman's 
 division of infantry. The fighting was close and severe. About 
 11 A, M. the 1st, with its brigade, moved with Gen. Crook to 
 guard a ford at Glass' mill. The enemy, however, already in 
 possession of the ford and west of the river, attacked I/ong's 
 brigade with such force that it was compelled to fall back. Col. 
 Cupp was killed between Crawfish Spring and Glass's mill, and a 
 number of his men were either slain or disabled. At a late hour 
 in the evening the cavalry, with the trains, and as many of the 
 sick and wounded as could be moved, started for Chattanboga by 
 an interior route through the spurs of Mission Ridge and the 
 Chattanooga Valley. It reached the town at noon, September 
 22d. The cavalry was now transferred to the north side of the 
 Tennessee River, and then commenced a series of marches and 
 battles, which continued without cessation for the next ninety 
 days. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument to the 1st 
 Cavalry, which recites, in brief, the services of the regiment in 
 the battle of Chickamauga. The monument stands 300 feet 
 west of the site of the Widow Glenn house. 
 
110 The BATTtE OF Chickamauga. 
 
 3d Regiment^ Ohio Cavalry* 
 
 THE 3d Regiment, Ohio Cavalry, was organized December 
 11th, 1861, to serve three years, and was mustered out of 
 service August 4th, 1865. 
 
 The regiment participated in the operations at the siege of 
 Corinth, Miss., in April and May, 1862, and subsequently accom- 
 panying Buell's army through north Alabama and middle Ten- 
 nessee, it fought the advance of Gen. Bragg's army at Mum- 
 fordsville, Ky., Sept. 21st ; engaged its cavalry at Bardstown, 
 October 4th, at Perryville, October 8th, and again at lycxington, 
 October 17th. Returning with Gen. Rosecrans, the regiment 
 took part in the battle of Stone River, the TuUahoma campaign, 
 the battle of Chickamauga, and the advance on Atlanta. It was 
 with Thomas' army at Franklin and Nashville, and finally par- 
 ticipated in Gen. Wilson's brilliant operations from Selma, Ala., 
 to Columbus and Macon, Ga. The official list places to the 
 credit of the 3d Cavalry 22 battles. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, under the com- 
 mand of Col. Charles B. Seidel, constituted a part of Col. I/ong's 
 brigade, of Crook's division. It crossed the Tennessee River at 
 Bridgeport, Ala., September 2d, 1863, and, moving over Sand 
 Mountain, encamped in Will's Valley. On the 8th it moved over 
 lyookout Mountain to Alpine, and drove the enemy's cavalry out 
 of Broomtown Valley. On the 13th it marched back over Look- 
 out Mountain into Trenton Valley, and then recrossed the moun- 
 tain again by way of Valley Head and Stevens' Gap into Mc- 
 I/cmore's Cove. It encamped on the 19th at Catlett's Gap, and 
 on the 20th move(i, with the brigade and division, to Crawfish 
 Spring. At about 11 a. m. the regiment and its division, under 
 
■MJ '*-■ 
 
 jd»'Wr n-f -v^^ -s-^ .2^-M 
 
3d Regiment, Ohio Cavalry. Ill 
 
 Gen. Crook, were ordered to take and hold the ford on the Chick- 
 amauga, near Glass' mill. The Confederates, with a heavy force, 
 had crossed to the west side of the stream, and were occupying a 
 strong position on the crest of a ridge. The country in this lo- 
 cality is unfavorable for cavalry operations, being thickly covered 
 with underbrush, while the surface of the ground is rocky and 
 uneven. The opposing forces becarde engaged, and the battle con- 
 tinued for several hours. Finding the enemy's cavalry strongly 
 supported by infantry, and that it was impossible to contend suc- 
 cessfully with the latter amid rocks and dense cedar thickets. 
 General Crook withdrew his division to the more open ground in 
 the vicinity of Crawfish Spring, where he maintained his position 
 until nightfall. Moving now by an unfrequented road into the 
 Chattanooga Valley, and thence along the eastern base of Look- 
 out Mountain, he passed around the main body of the Confeder- 
 ate army, then lying between Crawfish Spring and Rossville, and 
 reached the latter place on the morning of the 21st. 
 
 A fine granite monument has been erected by the State of Ohio 
 to the 3d Cavalry, near the Crawfish Spring and Chattanooga 
 road, and about 300 feet west of the site of the Widow Glenn 
 house. 
 
112 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 4th Regiment, Ohio Cavalry* 
 
 THE 4tli Regiment, Ohio Cavalry, was organized by Col. 
 John Kennett, in November, 1861, to ser\'e three years. 
 The original members were mustered out in October, 1864. The 
 veterans and recruits were retained in service until July 15th, 
 1865. 
 
 The official list of battles and campaigns in which the 4th 
 Cavalry bore an honorable part begins with the advance of Gen. 
 Buell's army upon Bowling Green and Nashville, in the month 
 of February, 1862. The regiment accompanied Gen. O. M. 
 Mitchel in his rapid march to Huntsville, and in' his brilliant cam- 
 paign through North Alabama. On the 17th of October it was 
 back at Lexington, Ky., where it found active employment in 
 following the retreating columns of Bragg over the Cumberland 
 Mountains and into middle Tennessee. On the 1st day of January, 
 1863, it met the Confederate cavalry in the battle of Stone River, 
 and subsequently took part in all the campaigns and battles of 
 the Army of the Cumberland. It finally wound up its brilliant 
 career in Wilson's successful raid through Alabama and Georgia, 
 March 22d to April 20th, 1865. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the regiment, under command 
 of Lieut.-Col. Oliver P. Robie, served in Col. I^ong's brigade, 
 Crook's division. Cavalry corps. It crossed the Tennessee River, 
 with the brigade, at Bridgeport, Ala., on the 2d day of Septem- 
 ber, 1863, and moved over Sand and Raccoon Mountains to Will's 
 Valley. It encamped here until the 8th, when it moved over 
 lyookout Mountain, and engaged the enemy's cavalry near Alpine, 
 and drove it through Broomtown Valley. It continued ip the duty 
 of guarding the right flank of the army until the 18th, when the 
 
4th Regiment, Ohio Cavalry. 113 
 
 whole command, recrossed the mountain and, moving down the 
 valley to Stevens' Gap, crossed back again into Mcl^emore's Cove. 
 On the 19th it marched northward, and reached Crawfish Spring 
 on the forenoon of the 20th. Gen. lyongstreet had by this time 
 turned the right of Rosecrans' army, thereby placing his com- 
 mand between the cavalry and the infantry of the Union forces, 
 and completely cutting the former off from Chattanooga, by 
 either the Crawfish-Spring or the Lafayette road. The position 
 was most critical. The cavalry was charged not only with the care 
 of our hospitals and thousands of wounded men, but with large 
 trains of ammunition and supplies for the army. During the long 
 Sabbath day the 4th Cavalry, with its two companion Ohio regi- 
 ments, and the other troops of Crook and Mitchel, were engaged 
 in the cedar thickets and along the spurs of Mission Ridge, about 
 Crawfish Spring and toward the Chickamauga River, striking 
 heavy blows whenever a Confederate squadron appeared in view. 
 Finally, when night spread her friendly mantle over the scene, the 
 Union cavalry, taking all the wounded that could be moved from 
 the hospitals, marched with its long train of wagons by a cir- 
 cuitous route through a pass in Mission Ridge to the Chattanooga 
 Valley, and on the 21st joined the army near Rossville. 
 
 In this battle the regiment lost Lieut. Richard W. Neff and 
 three privates killed, 9 men wotmded, and 21 captured or missing. 
 Total loss, 34. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite monument to be erected 
 to the 4th Cavalry, which bears an appropriate inscription, recit- 
 ing briefly the part taken by the regiment in the battle of Chicka- 
 mauga. The monument stands 350 feet north-west of the site of 
 Widow Glenn's house, near the Crawfish-Spring road. 
 
114 The Batti^e op Chickamauga. 
 
 1st Battalion, Ohio Sharp-Shooters* 
 
 THE 1st Battalion of Ohio Sliarp-Shooters was organized as 
 follows: Fifth Independent Company was mustered into 
 service, for three years, December 5th, 1862 ; the 6th, December 
 30th, 1862 ; the 7th, January 27th, 1863. All were mustered out 
 at the expiration of the time for which they had enlisted. 
 
 The three companies constituted a battalion, nominally com- 
 manded by Capt. Gershom M. Barber, the senior ofl5cer. The 
 battalion was attached to headquarters, and subject to the orders 
 of the Provost Marshal of the army. It was on duty at the head- 
 quarters of the Army of the Cumberland at Crawfish Spring, on 
 September 18th; at Widow Glenn's house up to 12 noon on 
 September 19th, and on the Crawfish-Spring road from 2 p. m. 
 September 19th, till the battle ended on the evening of September 
 20th. It then marched with the other headquarter's guards to 
 Chattanooga. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a monument to mark the posi- 
 tion occupied by the battalion on the night of September 19th, 
 1863, near the site of the Widow Glenn house. 
 
116 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery A, 
 
 BATTERY A, 1st Ohio lyight Artillery, popularly known as 
 " Goodspeed's Battery," was organized September 6tli, 1861, 
 and mustered out of service July 31st, 1865. It was first engaged at 
 Mumfordsville, Ky., December 17th, 1861; subsequently, at ShUoh 
 and Corinth, and, at a later period, it was attached to the Army 
 of the Cumberland, and took part in all the battles of this army 
 until the end of the war. Its last officially-reported battle was at 
 Franklin, Tenn., November 30th, 1864. In the Chattanooga 
 campaign this battery, under command of Capt. Wilbur F. Good- 
 speed, served in Willich's brigade, Johnson's division, McCook's 
 corps. Moving with the brigade, it crossed the Tennessee River 
 at Caperton's Ferry, on the 31st day of August, 1863. On Sep- 
 tember 8th it encamped at Long's Springs, on the Trenton road. 
 On the 10th it crossed I^ookout Mountain, and went into camp 
 near Henderson's. On the 13th it recrossed Lookout Moun- 
 tain, via Valley Head and Stevens' Gap, and on the 
 17th encamped in Mcl/cmore's Cove. On the 19th it moved, 
 with the brigade, down the Cove road, and passing Craw- 
 fish Spring came upon the Chickamauga battle field at the 
 Kelly farm, at about 1 p. m. Here the brigade to which it 
 was attached was formed in two lines, and at once moved east- 
 wardly ; the battery followed the infantry through a thick woods 
 for a half-mile before it found an opportunity to bring its guns 
 into action. Arriving at a low ridge near D. C. Reed's place, a 
 section, under Lieut. ScoviU, took position to the right and rear 
 of the brigade, and opened on the enemy with good effect. 
 Toward evening the whole battery was posted in the rear of the 
 center of the brigade, and engaged the enemy's batteries with 
 
f 1.4 
 
Battery A. 117 
 
 shot and shell. After the night assault made by Cleburne's 
 division upon the brigade had been checked, the battery moved 
 back to Kelly's field. 
 
 On the morning of the 20th the battery went into position 
 300 feet north of Kelly's house, in an open field, and here 
 assisted materially in repelling not only Breckinridge's first 
 attack at 9.30 a. m., but that of Govan at 11 A. m. In this 
 latter engagement the Confederates approached to within fifty 
 yards of Goodspeed's guns, and his battery was most destruc- 
 tive to them. After this assault had been repulsed the battery 
 was moved back near the Kelly house, and faced south. In this 
 position it was soon opened upon by Stewart's batteries, then 
 posted about the Poe place, but Goodspeed replied to this new 
 attack so effectively with fifty rounds that the enemy's guns were 
 silenced. During the day the battery changed front, and fired 
 toward nearly all points of the compass, except that due west of 
 it. When the Federal army retired in the evening Goodspeed 
 fired as he fell back, and, at times, his guns and those of the 
 enemy were so near each other that they exchanged canister. 
 Although mingled with the retiring infantry in a thick woods, 
 closely pressed by the enemy, and assailed with shot and shell for 
 nearly a mile, the battery withdrew from the field without the 
 loss of a single gun, and on the morning of the 21st was before 
 Rossville, ready again for action. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected two granite tablets and a fine 
 monument to mark the positions held by Battery A on the Chicka- 
 mauga battle field. The first tablet stands 600 yards east of the 
 I/afayette road, where the battery first came into action Septem- 
 ber 19th ; the second marks the last position of the battery in 
 the evening of the 19th. The monument stands 300 feet north 
 of Kelly's house, where the battery was engaged September 20th. 
 
118 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery B, 
 
 BATTERY B, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, was mustered into 
 service October 8th, 1861, and mustered out July 22d, 1865. 
 The battery was first engaged in battle at "Wild Cat, Ky., October 
 21st, 1861, after which it saw service at Mill Springs, Penyville, 
 Lavergne, Tenn., Stone River, Tullahoma, Chickamauga and 
 Chattanooga. 
 
 In the Chattatiooga campaign it was commanded by Lieut. 
 Norman A. Baldwin, and attached to Cruft's brigade, Palmer's 
 division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed the Tennessee River at 
 Shell Mound on the 4th day of September, 1863, and moved, by 
 way of Trenton Valley, toward Chattanooga. Passing around 
 the northern spur of Lookout Mountain, it reached Rossville on 
 the evening of the 9th, and subsequently followed the brigade in 
 its reconnaisance east of the Chickamauga toward Ringgold and 
 Lafayette. Recrossing the Chickamauga on the 18th, it proceeded 
 to Crawfish Spring, and thence one and one-half miles north 
 of Lee and Gordon's mill, where it bivouacked for the night. 
 On September 19th it moved to the Poe house, and then, follow- 
 ing the brigade, proceeded eastwardly through a thick growth of 
 timber. The infantry in front became engaged at about 12.30 
 p. M., when the battery took position on high ground, and opened 
 on the enemy to the front and right. This position it held all 
 the afternoon, and from it fired 159 rounds. At dark the battery 
 fell back with the brigade to Kelly's field. September 20th the 
 battery, in line with the brigade, maintained its position 400 yards 
 east of Kelly's house, where it was heavily engaged from 9 a. m. 
 till 5 p. M. ; 1,145 rounds were fired during the two-days' battle. 
 
 The State of Ohio has caused a granite tablet to be erected at 
 
.L L 1 
 
 K 
 
 
 
Battery B. 119 
 
 the point occupied by the battery from 1.30 p. m. to 4 p. m., Sep- 
 tember 19th. Another tablet marks the first position taken by 
 the battery after it retired to the Lafayette road on the evening 
 of the 19th. The monument stands in the line held by Cruft's 
 brigade on September 20th. 
 
120 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery C 
 
 BATTERY C, 1st Ohio lyight Artillery, was mustered into 
 service October 8th, 1861, and mustered out June 15th, 
 1865. It was first engaged in battle at Mill Springs, Ky., on 
 January 19th and 20th, 1862, and its fighting career ended at 
 Bentonville, N. C, March 21st, 1865. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the battery, under command of 
 I/ieut. Marco B. Gary, and serving in Croxton's brigade, Brannan's 
 division, Thomas' corps, crossed the Tennessee River at the 
 mouth of Battle Creek, on the 2d day of September, 1863 ; then 
 moving, with the brigade, over Sand Mountain on the 7th, and 
 Lookout Mountain on the 12th, it encamped in Mclyemore's Cove. 
 On the 18th the command marched down the cove road by way of 
 Crawfish Spring, and at daylight on the 19th arrived at Kelly's 
 farm. Here the brigade (Croxton's) formed for battle, and mov- 
 ing east into the thick woods, soon became engaged. After 
 driving the enemy's skirmishers more than a mile, the battery was 
 put in position on a ridge north of D. C. Reed's field, but before 
 it had time to deliver its fire the infantry gave way in front, and 
 the battery was ordered to fall back. Several times during the 
 day the battery went into position and rendered important service, 
 but the ground, being covered with a thick growth of timber, was 
 unfavorable for artillery, and the battery finally fell back with the 
 brigade and bivouacked in Dyer's field. 
 
 On the morning of the 20th the battery was posted in the second 
 line of the brigade, a few hundred feet west of the Lafayette road, 
 and 200 yards north of Poe's house. About 10.30 A. m. it was 
 ordered to the front, near the road, where it opened upon the 
 advancing enemy with great effect. The Federal line, however, was 
 
Battery C. 121 
 
 struck with such force as to drive the infantry from position. At 
 this critical moment Battery C changed direction to the right, 
 obliquely, and threw canister into the advancing masses with such 
 rapidity that the enemy retired sufficiently to allow the Federal 
 infantry, on the right of the battery, to regain its first position on 
 the front line. Fifteen minutes later, however, the Confederates, 
 advancing again on the right of the battery, drove the Federal 
 infantry from the line, and then, changing their course, moved 
 upon Battery C. To save it from capture, it was quickly retired 
 through the woods to the Snodgrass farm, and subsequently 
 moved, with Gen. Negley's command, to McFarland's Gap, and 
 thence to Rossville. Its loss was thirteen men killed and 
 wounded and twenty-five horses killed. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument to mark the 
 position of Battery C from 10 to 11 A. m., September 20th, on the 
 west side of the I,afayette road, 200 yards north of the Poe house. 
 
122 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery F* 
 
 BATTERY F, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, was organized 
 December 2d, 1861, and mustered out July 22d, 1865. This 
 battery marched with the Army of the Ohio to Shiloh, and par- 
 ticipated in the advance upon Corinth, Miss., in the Spring of 
 1862. It then moved east into north Alabama and middle 
 Tennessee, and spent the Summer campaigning there. Early in 
 the month of September, it returned with the army of Gen. Buell 
 to Kentucky, and on the 8th day of October was engaged in the 
 battle of Perrjrville. Turning south again, its guns were thun- 
 dering at the enemy along the banks of Stone River, from 
 December 31st, 1862, to January 2d, 1863. After this it rested at 
 Murfreesboro till the following Summer, when it participated in 
 the TuUahoma campaign, and then moved on over the Cumber- 
 land Mountains, by way of Sweeden's Cove, thence up the 
 Sequatchie Valley and over Waldron's Ridge to the valley of the 
 Tennessee. In the Chattanooga campaign the battery was com- 
 manded by Ivieut. Giles J. Cockerill, and was attached to Hazen's 
 brigade. Palmer's division, Crittenden's corps. It crossed the 
 Tennessee River at Friar's Island, east of Chattanooga, on the 
 10th day of September, 1863, and moving on with the brigade, by 
 way of Grayville and Ringgold, reached I,ee and Gordon's mill, 
 on the Chickamauga River, on the 12th. It was with the brigade 
 while reconnoitering the country off in the direction of Ringgold 
 and I<afayette. On the' 19th it accompanied the brigade north to 
 the Poe house, and at 11 A. m. moved east through a thick woods 
 in the second line of infantry. After going three-quarters of a 
 mile the enemy was met and the battle begun. The battery 
 opened on the Confederates from a ridge in the north end of 
 
Battery F. 123 
 
 Brock's field, and continued in this position, doing excellent 
 service until, after a three-hours' engagement, the brigade was 
 relieved by Gen. Turchin, and marched back to the I^afayette 
 road. Here the battery was ordered into position oy Gen. Hazen, 
 and, in connection with the batteries of I^ieuts. Russell and Gush- 
 ing, opened upon Stewart's men, then pushing Van Cleve through 
 Dyer's field. The heavy fire of these three batteries checked the 
 enemy, and finally compelled him to fall back. It was here that 
 lyieut. John Lynch fell, mortally wounded. The battle having 
 ended for the day, the battery rested on a low ridge, 300 feet east 
 of the south end of Kelly's field, until morning. 
 
 Temporary breast-works were thrown up by the infantry during 
 the night, and at Ifl a. m. Sunday, the 20th, the enemy attacked in 
 great force. The battery opened upon his advancing lines, and a 
 terrific battle raged for several hours. The enemy made three 
 distinct assaults upon this part of the line, but was in each 
 instance turned back with great loss. The battery fired 185 
 rounds here, and held the position until 4 p. m. When the brigade 
 was taken out of line, and sent to the support of Col. Harker, on 
 Snodgrass Ridge, the battery was posted at the west side of 
 Kelly's field, where it remained till 6 p. m., when it marched 
 with the army to Rossville. Although exposed to repeated 
 assaults of the enemy during the two-days' battle, the battery lost 
 neither gun nor caisson. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected two granite tablets, to show the 
 points occupied by Battery F in the battle of Chickamauga; the 
 first tablet is located in the north end of Brock's field, where it 
 rendered service from 1 to 4 p. m., September 19th. The second 
 stands in the timber west of the north end of Poe's field, to mark 
 the position of the battery in the evening of the 19th, when 
 firing upon Stewart's men. The monument stands in the line of 
 Hazen's brigade, 300 feet east of Kelly's field, where it fought on 
 September 20th. 
 
124 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery G, 
 
 BATTERY G, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, known as Marshall's 
 Battery, was organized December 17th, 1861, and mustered 
 out August 31st, 1865. The services of this battery cover all the 
 important campaigns and battles of the Army of the Ohio and 
 that of the Cumberland, from Pittsburg Landing, April 6th and 
 7th, 1862, to the battle of Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 
 1864. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the battery was commanded by 
 Capt. Alexander Marshall, and, serving in Col. Sirwell's brigade, 
 Negley's division, Thomas' corps, crossed the Tennessee River at 
 Bridgeport, Ala., September 1st, 1863, and, on the 9th, crossed 
 Lookout Mountain at Stevens' Gap. On the 10th the brigade 
 moved across the valley of the Chickamauga to Dug Gap, in 
 Pigeon Mountain range, and skirmished with the enemy all day, 
 but the battery could not be brought into effective use. On the 
 11th, however, the battery was in position near Davis' X roads, 
 in McLemore's Cove, and, as the enemy came out of Dug and 
 Catlett's gaps in great force, assisted in checking his further ad- 
 vance. On the 17th it marched, with the brigade, to Crawfish 
 Spring, and remained in position, guarding the fords of the. Chick- 
 amauga, above Lee and Gordon's mill, till 2 p. m., September 19th, 
 when the brigade marched to Widow Glenn's house. At 6 p. m. 
 the battery was placed in position on a ridge in the south end of 
 Dyer's farm, where it remained harnessed and hitched-in through- 
 out the night. Early on the morning of the 20th a section of the 
 battery was moved to the east side of the field, and posted on the 
 left of the brigade line ; but about 9 A. M. the whole battery, with 
 the brigade, moved north through Dyer's farm, and was placed in 
 
Battery G. 125 
 
 several positions by Gen. Negley, to protect the right of the Fed- 
 eral Army, which was being heavily assaulted and pushed to the 
 rear. On one occasion the battery fired about fifty rounds from 
 a point in the woods north of the Vidito house, and silenced a 
 battery which had been captured by the enemy and turned upon 
 the Union forces. About 3 p. m., the right of the Federal Army 
 having been broken and driven west through the spurs of Mission 
 Ridge, Gen. Negley, with Battery G, and probably 50 other pieces 
 of artillery in his charge, and only two regiments of Infantry to 
 support them, withdrew to McFarland's Gap, and remained in po- 
 sition there until nightfall, when he, with the whole army, fell 
 back to Rossville. 
 
 ' The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument, to mark the 
 position of Battery G in Dyer's field at 9 A. m., September 20, 1863. 
 
126 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Battery M, 
 
 BATTE;RY M, 1st Ohio Light Artillery (Schultz's Battery), 
 was organized December, 3d, 1861, and mustered out of 
 service December 13tli, 1864. The first battle it engaged in was 
 at Pittsburg Landing, April 6th and 7th, 1862; after this 
 it took part in all the battles and campaigns of the Army 
 of the Cumberland, up to and including the battle of Lovejoy 
 Station, Ga., September 2d to 6th, 1864. Capt. Frederick Schultz 
 commanded the battery at the battle of Chickamauga, where it 
 served with Col. Stanley's brigade, Negley's division, Thomas' 
 corps. 
 
 The battery crossed the Tennessee River, at Caperton's Ferry, 
 on the 1st of September, 1863, and, with the brigade and division, 
 moved over Sand Mountain into Trenton Valley. On the 9th it 
 crossed over Lookout Mountain into McLemore's Cove, and, on 
 the 10th, moved via Davis' X Roads to Catlett's Gap. Here, on 
 the 11th, the brigade met the enemy. At about 12 noon Capt. 
 Schultz was ordered to post his battery on a ridge just west of a 
 creek, and near Davis' X Roads. The position was a good one, 
 and as the enemy advanced the battery opened with telling effect. 
 The Confederates now planted a battery upon a ridge opposite 
 that occupied by Schultz, and the batteries being within easy 
 musketry range of each other, a fierce artillery duel began, which 
 lasted more than an hour. The enemy, in great force, was 
 maneuvering to get to the left and rear of the Federal line, and 
 the Union troops were gradually withdrawn; but Battery M, 
 holding out until the infantry had been retired in perfect order, 
 moved slowly to the rear, halting and replying to the enemy's 
 guns from every knoll or strip of elevated ground it reached. 
 After this affair Negley's division took up a strong position be- 
 fore Stevens' Gap, and remained there until the 17th, when it 
 moved down to Crawfish Spring. 
 
 On the morning of the 19th a section of the battery was sent, 
 under command of Lieuts. Sturgis and Ziegler, to support Gen. 
 
Battery M. 127 
 
 John Beatty, who was being heavily pressed by a Confederate 
 force, under Gen. Breckinridge, at a ford of, the Chickamauga, 
 near Glass' mill. This section, moving up on the right of Beatty's 
 battery, opened upon the enemy with great energy and effect. A 
 heavy artillery duel was kept up for several hours, when the Con- 
 federates abandoned the fight and moved out of range. At 2 p. m. 
 the battery, now with Stanley's brigade, marched north to the battle 
 field, and took position in the south end of Dyer's farm. Here it 
 fired ten rounds of canister into the ranks of Gen. Stewart's 
 troops, who were just then retreating east through Brotherton's 
 field. 
 
 At 9 A. M., September 20th, the battery was ordered into posi- 
 tion near Dyer's house, but, subsequently, and before the enemy 
 made his first assault, it was sent to a hill farther north ; and, at 
 about 12 noon, as Gen. Bushrod Johnson's Confederates came 
 rushing through the gap in the Union lines, driving Buell's and 
 Sam. Beatty's troops in confusion before them, Battery M opened 
 on the Confederates with good effect, and checked their advance 
 sufficiently to enable the Federal officers to rally their broken 
 commands upon Snodgrass Ridge. This ridge proved to be the 
 key to the situation, and was held throughout the remainder of 
 the day. From the position occupied by Capt. Schultz, on the 
 summit of Strawberry Hill, Battery M fired seventy-five rounds 
 of canister and 165 of shell ; but, when the enemy passed to its 
 right and threatened its rear, the battery was withdrawn by order 
 of Gen. Negley, and accompanied him to Rossville. On the 
 21st the battery was in position at Rossville Gap, and there fired 
 175 rounds in reply to the Confederate batteries. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a monument of granite, to mark 
 the position, in the north end of Dyer's farm, occupied by the 
 battery between 11 a. m. and 12 noon, September 20th, 1863. 
 
128 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 6th Independent Battery* 
 
 THE 6th Independent Battery, Ohio lyight Artillery, was or- 
 ganized December 10th, 1861. The original members were 
 mustered out at the expiration of their three-years' term, and 
 the veterans and recruits September 1st, 1865. 
 
 The official list of battles to the credit of the battery begins at 
 Mill Springs, Ky., January 19th and 20th, 1862, and includes all 
 the important engagements of the Army of the Cumberland up 
 to and including the battle of Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 
 1864. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the battery, commanded by Capt. 
 Cullen Bradley, served in Col. Harker's brigade. Wood's division, 
 Crittenden's corps. With the brigade, the battery crossed the 
 Tennessee River at Shell Mound, on the 3d day of September, 
 1863, and moved, fey the most direct road, to I<ookout Valley. It 
 arrived within seven miles of Chattanooga on the 7th. The com- 
 mand remained at the junction of the Chattanooga and Nashville 
 with the Trenton Valley Railroad until the 9th, when it marched 
 into the city and rested till the morning of the 10th. The com- 
 mand then moved on to Rossville, and, on the 11th, to I,ee and 
 Gordon's mill. On the afternoon of the 18th a Confederate bri- 
 gade appeared on the opposite side of the river, and demonstrated 
 as though it was about to force a passage at the ford. The 6th 
 Battery at once opened upon it, and a few well-directed shots by 
 Capt. Bradley caused it to seek shelter in the woods. Early on 
 the 19th a fierce battle opened north of I^ee and Gordon's, and 
 continued with increasing force as the day advanced. At 2.80 
 p. M. the battery, with its brigade, moved in quick time in the 
 direction of_the firing, and, at Viniard's farm, went immediately 
 

 n •>• ■•M>-U*-^ -•■•'• 
 
 
 _! 
 
6th Independent Battery. 129 
 
 into action in support of Gen. Davis' troops, then engaged east 
 of the road. The battery took position in the field west of the 
 Viniard house, and had barely got ready for action when the in- 
 fantry came pouring back across the Lafayette road, closely pur- 
 sued by the enemy. The guns of the battery at once opened with 
 canister, at short range, and with such terrible effect that the 
 Confederates, after getting within 50 yards of it, were checked 
 and driven back in confusion to the woods east of the road. In 
 less than ten minutes, however, tljey reappeared in still greater 
 force than at first, and were again compelled to retire in disorder. 
 In this engagement the battery fired 209 rounds of ammimition, 
 20 of which were canister. 
 
 At 8 o'clock on the morning of the 20th, the battery was posted 
 at the east end of the Dyer farm, and immediately west of Broth- 
 erton's house. The battery soon opened in reply to a Confeder- 
 ate gun, posted north-east of Brotherton's house, and fired 32 
 rounds with such good effect that the enemy's gun was silenced 
 and the movements of his infantry retarded. At 10.45 A. m. the 
 brigade was ordered to the left. When near the north end of the 
 Dyer farm the enemy attacked the line to the right and drove the 
 infantry, in great confusion, through the battery, thus cutting it 
 off entirely from the brigade, and, under a severe fire, forcing it 
 west over the hills, to the Crawfish-Spring road. In this way the 
 battery was divided, its caissons and limbers detached, and the 
 whole mingled in a confused mass with ammunition wagons, and 
 parts of other batteries. The battery, however, was finally got 
 together on a spur of Mission Ridge, where it remained under the 
 orders of Gen. Negley, and marched back with him to Rossville. 
 During the two-days' battle the battery expended 336 rounds of 
 ammunition. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument, to mark the 
 position of the battery when in action, west of Viniard's house, 
 September 19th, from 4 to 6 p. m. 
 
130 CThe Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 18th Battery* 
 
 THE 18th Battery, Ohio Wght Artillery (Aleshire's), was 
 organized September 13th, 1862, and mustered out of service 
 June 29th, 1865. The battery was first engaged in battle at 
 Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 4th and 5th, 1863. Its last 
 battle was at Nashville, December 15th and 16th, 1864. 
 
 In the Chattanooga campaign the battery, under Capt. Charles 
 Aleshire, was attached to Whitaker's brigade, Steedmah's divis- 
 ion. Granger's reserve corps. With the brigade it crossed the 
 Tennessee River at Bridgeport, Ala., on the 13th day of Septem- 
 ber, 1863, and moved through Chattanooga to Rossville without 
 a halt. Resting at Rossville until the 17th, the battery and 
 brigade marched in the direction of Ringgold. When within two 
 miles of the town the Confederate pickets were engaged and 
 driven through the place. After crossing the east branch of the 
 Chickamauga the enemy made a stand, and the battery, posted 
 upon the crest of a ridge, by a few well-directed shots, drove him 
 from the front in confusion. On the 18th the command returned 
 to Rossville, but in the evening of the same day again moved out 
 on the Ringgold road. After going four miles the Confederated 
 were encountered at a ford of the I^ittle Chickamauga. Here the 
 battery went into action, and the enemy retired hastily and with 
 some loss. Night prevented pursuit, and the command drew back 
 and bivouacked near McAfee's church. 
 
 On the morning of the 18th the command was again advanced 
 to the Little Chickamauga, where the enemy was again met in 
 considerable force. The battery was brought into action, and 
 was so effective that at 5 p. m. the enemy abandoned the field. 
 The battery and its brigade again bivouacked near McAfee's 
 
18th Battery. 131 
 
 church. At about 11 A. m., September 20th, the whole command, 
 under the lead of Gen. Granger, marched south on the Lafayette 
 road toward Kelly's farm, where a great battle had been going 
 on from an early hour. Arriving in McDonald's field, the com- 
 mand was directed toward the right of the Federal army. The 
 infantry having, after a desperate struggle, fought its way into 
 position on a ridge 600 yards west of Snodgrass house, a section 
 of the battery was placed to the left of the brigade, where it had 
 a good range on the right, toward Vidito's house, and the front 
 over Dyer's field. This position was maintained till the section 
 had expended its ammunition. The other section of the battery, 
 by order of Gen. Thomas, was posted to the left and rear of 
 Barker's brigade, 600 feet east of the Snodgrass house. Here it 
 swept the woods and fields in its front with showers of shot, shell 
 and canister. The section on the right had, by 4 p. m., joined the 
 section on the left of Harker, and from this hour until sunset the 
 whole battery rendered in this position most effective service. 
 
 The State of Ohio has erected a granite monument upon the 
 ground occupied by the battery, 600 feet east of the Snodgrass 
 house. 
 
132 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 20th Independent Battery. 
 
 THE 20th Independent Battery, Ohio I/ight Artillery, was 
 organized October 29th, 1862, and was mustered out of 
 service July 13th, 1865. 
 
 This battery was first engaged in battle at Liberty Gap, Tenn., 
 June 25, 1863, and its last battle was fought at Nashville, Tenn., 
 December 15th and 16th, 1864. In the Chattanooga campaign 
 the battery, under Capt. Edward Grosskopff, was attached to 
 Dodge's brigade, Johnson's division, McCook's coi-ps. It crossed 
 the Tennessee River, at Caperton's Ferry, August 31, 1863, and 
 marched, with the brigade, over Sand Mountain into Trenton 
 Valley. On the 10th it crossed Lookout Mountain, going into 
 camp near Alpine ; but, being ordered to the left, it recrossed the 
 mountain on the 13th, and, marching by way of Valley Head, 
 crossed the mountain again at Steven's Gap, and encamped in 
 McLemore's Cove. On the night of the 18th, with its brigade, it 
 moved down the Cove road, passed Crawfish Spring, and, on the 
 19th, formed for battle at the south end of Kelly's field. As the 
 brigade moved eastward, driving the enemy, the battery followed, 
 and finally went into action and rendered eflScient service. As 
 night came on, however; the battery withdrew from its exposed 
 position in the woods, where artillery could not be speedily moved 
 and efiectively used, and bivouacked in the Kelly field. 
 
 On the morning of September 20th the battery was placed 
 in the south-east corner of the Kelly field, where it remained till 
 9 A. M. This, however, was not a favorable position for the use 
 of artillery, and it was ordered farther to the north, and soon 
 afterward to the south again, and near the south-west comer of 
 the Kelly field. Finding this last position untenable, the battery 
 
20th Indbpendbnt Battery. 133 
 
 was moved off through the woods toward Rossville, and did not 
 participate further in the battle. 
 
 A granite monument has been erected by the State of Ohio 
 upon the site where the battery was posted up to 9 A. m., Septem- 
 ber 20th, in KeUy's field. 
 
Acts of the General Assembly. 135 
 
 The Acts of the General Assembly of Ohio 
 
 REI,ATING TO THE 
 
 Chickamauga and Chattanooga National 
 Military Park^ 
 
 AND A SUMMARY OF THE 
 
 Proceedings of the Commission Under Them. 
 
 By an Act of Congress, approved August 19, 1890, provision 
 was made for the purchase of the lands embracing the principal 
 fighting territory of the Chickamauga battle field in the States of 
 Georgia and Tennessee, the same to be known as the Chicka- 
 mauga and Chattanooga National Military Park ; the same Act 
 provides " that it shall be lawful for the authorities of any State 
 having troops engaged, either at Chickamauga or Chattanooga, to 
 enter upon said lands for the purpose of ascertaining and marking 
 the lines of battle of troops engaged therein, by monuments, tab- 
 lets, or otherwise." 
 
 Under the Act of Congress above referred to, Gen. J. S. Fuller- 
 ton, of Washington, D. C, Gen. A. P. Stewart, of Tennessee, and 
 Major S. C. Kellogg, of the U. S. Army, were appointed Com- 
 missioners to purchase the land, improve, beautify, and manage 
 the Park under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of 
 War should, from time to time, prescribe. 
 
 These Commissioners, acting on behalf of the General Gov- 
 ernment, purchased more than six thousand acres, embracing 
 all the heavy fighting ground of the battle field; and have, for 
 the past four years, employed a large force of laborers, cleaning 
 away the underbrush, beautifying the grounds, and constructing 
 fine roads, so that all parts of this historic field are now easy of 
 access to the visitor. 
 
136 Thb BATTtE OF Chickamauga. 
 
 On the 4th day of May, 1891, the General Assembly of Ohio 
 
 passed the following : „ 
 
 ACT 
 
 To provide for the erection of monuments and tablets to mark the posi- 
 tions of Ohio troops on the battle field of Chickam.auga. 
 
 Whereas, The Congress of the United States has provided, hy an act 
 approved August 19th, 1890, for the purchase and improving of 7,600 acres 
 of land in Tennessee and Georgia, to be known as the " Chickamauga and 
 Chattanooga National Military Park," providing for the improving and 
 beautifying of it, for the purpose of preserving and suitably marking, for 
 historical and professional military study, of the fields of some of the 
 most remarkable maneuvers and most brilliant fighting in the War of the 
 Rebellion, in which Ohio troops won distinguished honors, and one of 
 her brigades saved the day; and. 
 
 Whereas, The same act provides that it shall be lawful for the author- 
 ities of any State having troops engaged, either at Chattanooga or Chicka- 
 mauga, to enter upon said lands and approaches of said park for the pur- 
 pose of ascertaining and marking the lines of battle of troops engaged 
 therein, by monuments, tablets, or otherwise ; and 
 
 Whereas, It is out a just recognition of Ohio's brave soldiers that suit- 
 able tablets should mark their position, and monuments be erected to 
 commemorate their deeds on the battle field ; therefore. 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
 Ohio, That the Governor of the State of Ohio shall be and is hereby 
 authorized to appoint a commission, consisting of eight citizens of the 
 State of Ohio, not more than four of whom shall belong to any one polit- 
 ical party, and who served with honor in the battle of Chickamauga, to 
 locate and erect suitable memorials and monuments commemorative of 
 the deeds of the soldiers of Ohio who fought on that battle field. 
 
 Sec. 2. In the execution of the trust confided to the commission, it is 
 authorized and enjoined lo avail itself of the information and advice and 
 judgment of the members of the different military organizations of Ohio 
 that took part in the battle of Chickamauga, and, if it deems it practicable, 
 to cause to be erected at least one memorial structure for each of said 
 organizations, at such points as it shall find to be most befitting the ends 
 hereby sought to be accomplished. 
 
 Sec. 3. The commission is hereby authorized to audit, and, out of the 
 funds hereinafter appropriated, to pay the reasonable expenses of such 
 members of the several Ohio military organizations as shall visit the 
 Jjattle field of Chickamauga upon the invitation of said commission, not 
 to exceed twenty-five hundred dollars ($2,500) , to enable it to execute the 
 trust confided to it by this act. Said commission shall keep an accurate 
 account of all disbursements, and make a full report thereof and of the 
 execution of its trust to a (the) Governor on or before the 15th of Novem- 
 ber each year during the continuance of said trust. 
 
 Sec. 4. That the sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000) be and the same 
 is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the State Treasury not other- 
 wise appropriated, to be drawn and used by said commission as heretofore 
 provided, for the purpose of initiatory steps, making surveys and plans, 
 and meeting expenses authorized in this act. 
 
 Sec. 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its 
 passage. Niai, r. Hysell, 
 
 speaker- of the House of Representatives. 
 
 „ , ,, . , ,^/v, Wm. Vance Marquis, 
 
 Passed May 4th, 1891. President of the Senate. ' 
 
Acts of the General Assembly. 137 
 
 Under the provisions of the Act of May 4, 1891, eight commis- 
 sioners were appointed, as follows : 
 
 Generals John Beatty, Ferdinand Van Derveer, C. H. Gros- 
 venor, and Aquila Wiley, Hon. J. S. Gill, Hon. Andrew Jackson, 
 Private Frederick Wendell, and Captain J. C. McElroy. On the 
 7th day of December, 1892, Col. James Watson was appointed a 
 member of the Commission, vice Gen. F. Van Derveer, deceased. 
 
 June 4th, 1891, the Commission met at the office of the Soldiers' 
 and Sailors' Orphans' Home, Xenia, Ohio, and organized by elect- 
 ing Gen. John Beatty, President ; J. S. Gill, Secretary ; and J. C. 
 McElroy, Treasurer. It was then decided that the Commission 
 should visit the Chickamauga field for the purpose of taking the 
 preliminary steps in tracing out and marking the lines upon 
 which the battle was fought, as soon as it should be advised 
 that the National Commissioners had progressed sufficiently 
 in clearing and preparing the grounds to admit of surveys being 
 made. On the 25th of November, 1891, having been advised 
 of progress in the preparation of the grounds, the Commission 
 visited the battle field, and there met the National Commis- 
 sion. Plans for the prosecution of the work were then adopted, 
 but no further action was taken by our Commission until the last 
 days of April, 1892, when a sub-committee of the Commission 
 went to the battle field and prosecuted the work through the month 
 of May. During this time surveys were made and lines of battle 
 marked. September 15th, 1892, the Commission again visited the 
 Park, upon the invitation of the National Commission, and on this 
 occasion it was accompanied by forty-five soldiers who had 
 taken part in the battle, to assist in locating the sites for monu- 
 ments. These members of Ohio organizations w^ere conveyed to 
 the battle field, subsisted while there, and returned to their homes 
 at the State's expense, as provided for in the law. Not more than 
 thirty sites selected for monuments at this meeting were approved 
 by the Government as historically correct; and not until the 
 15th day of May, 1894, after months of diligent labor by the Com- 
 mission, and after it had conveyed other regimental representa- 
 tives to the battle field, was the last of the fifty-five sites for mon- 
 uments located and approved by the Secretary of War. 
 
 The Commission also selected sites for fifty -three granite 
 tablets to mark positions on the field, where Ohio organizations 
 
138 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 / 
 were engaged in battle, all of which finally received the approval 
 
 of the National authorities. 
 
 Ohio had more troops at Chickamauga than any other loyal State, 
 and being also the first to locate sites for monuments, her Com- 
 missioners were obliged to proceed in their work with great care, 
 so as not to interfere with other States whose sites were to be 
 selected at a later date. As every step taken in this preliminary 
 work required the approval of the War Department, our Com- 
 mission was compelled to exhaust all authorities in the published 
 reports of the Rebellion Records, as well as other available means 
 of information, in arriving at what would be accepted as histori- 
 cally accurate. 
 
 When it is considered that in thirty years the natural changes 
 in forest, foliage, and in the face of the field, have, in many places 
 entirely obliterated every trace of battle, some adequate estimate 
 may be made of the painstaking and tedious labor imposed upon 
 the Commission in the prosecution of its trust. 
 
 In furtherance of the work proposed the General Assembly of 
 Ohio, April 6th, 1893, passed the following : 
 
 ACT 
 
 To supplement an Act entitled, " An Act to provide for the erection of 
 monuments and tablets to mark the positions of Ohio troops on the 
 battlefield of Chickamauga, passed may 4, i8gi. 
 
 Whereas, Under the act of Congress, approved August 19th, 1890, 
 establishing the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Tark. 
 and subsequent amendments thereto, the government has purchased 5,000 
 acres of the Chickamauga battle field, embracing most of the heavy fight- 
 ing ground ; and, 
 
 Whereas, The States of Georgia and Tennessee have ceded to the 
 United States jurisdiction over the said battle field, and over not only the 
 roads approaching it, but the roads over Lookout Mountain, and the road 
 along the crest of Missionary Ridge; and, 
 
 Whereas, The National Commission, appointed under the act of Con- 
 gress referred to, proposes to restore, and has already, to a large extent, 
 restored the said field of Chickamauga to the condition it was in at the 
 time of the battle, by clearing away new growths of timber, closing new 
 roads and reopening old ones ; and. 
 
 Whereas, The said National Park, with its graded avenues between 
 battle lines, and its handsome monuments commemorative of American 
 valor, will, when completed, be of national interest; and. 
 
 Whereas, Under an act, entitled " An act to provide for the erection 
 of monuments to mark the positions of Ohio troops on the battle field of 
 Chickamauga," passed by the General Assembly of Ohio, May 4tli, 1891, 
 eight commissioners were appointed to serve, without pay, charged with 
 the duty of selecting sites for said monuments ; and. 
 
Acts of the Generai. Assembly. 139 
 
 Whereas, The said Commissioners, in co-operation -with the repre- 
 sentatives of Ohio regiments and batteries, and with the approval of said 
 representatives, have carefully selected the sites for said monuments, over 
 fifty of which sites have been already accepted by the National Commis- 
 sion as historically accurate ; and, 
 
 Whereas, Said Commissioners, having substantially completed the 
 preliminary task assigned them by the General Assembly, are now ready 
 to proceed to the execution of the further work contemplated by the act 
 of May 4th, 1891, to wit: "The erection of monuments and tablets to 
 mark the positions of Ohio troops ou the battle field of Chickamauga ; and, 
 
 Whereas, Said Commissioners have made an estimate of the sum of 
 money required for the completion of said work, said estimate being as 
 follows, to wit : Monuments for forty-two regiments of infantry, costing 
 not to exceed $1,500 each, $63,000.00; monuments for three regiments of 
 cavalry, costing not to exceed $1,500 each, $4,500.00; monuments for ten 
 batteries and one battalion of sharp-shooters, costing not to exceed $1 ,000 
 each, $11,000.00; tablets to mark the various positions of organizations 
 during the progress of the battle, $5,000.00 ; incidental expenses, includ- 
 ing clerk hire, office rent, traveling expenses, stationery, and such other 
 Items of expense as may occur in making contracts for monuments and 
 supervising their erection, $6,500.00 ; and, 
 
 Whereas, It is the judgment of said Commissioners that, for the 
 economical prosecution of the work contemplated, $5,000 should be availa- 
 ble and .subject to the orders of said Commission on and afier August 1st, 
 1893; $45,000 on and after March 1st, 1894, and $40,000 not later than 
 March 1st, 1895, at which latter date, being within two years of the present 
 time, it is proposed to have all the monuments and tablets erected and the 
 work of the Commission completed; now, therefore. 
 
 Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
 Ohio, That in addition to the sum appropriated by the provisions of the 
 aforesaid act, there is hereby appropriated out of any funds in the State 
 Treasury to the credit of the General Revenue Fund, and not otherwise 
 appropriated, the sum of ninety thousand dollars, to be used as herein- 
 after provided, warrants for which shall be drawn by the Auditor of State 
 upon the Treasurer of State at the times and for the sums following : 
 August 1st, 1893, a warrant for five thousand dollars; March 1st, 1894, a 
 war-rant for forty-five thousand dollars;- and March 1st, 1895, a warrant for 
 forty thousand dollars. Said warrants to be issued by the Auditor of 
 State on reqiiisitions duly approved by a majority of the members of the 
 said Ohio Commission, and made payable to the order of the Treasurer of 
 said Commission, who shall file with the Auditor of State a detailed state- 
 ment of the expenses paid from the appropriation hereby made. 
 
 Sec. 2. Said Commission shall keep an accurate account of all dis- 
 bursements, and make a full report thereof to the Governor on or before 
 the 15th day of November each year during the continuance of said trust. 
 
 Sec. 3. The representatives of regiments and batteries shall, in so far 
 as it is practicable to do so, be consulted by the Commission as to style of 
 monuments they desire, and as to the inscriptions to be put thereon. 
 And any regimental or battery organization shall be permitted to raise by 
 private subscription such additional sum of money as it may see fit, to be 
 used in connection with the money supplied by the State in the purchase 
 and erection of the monument for such regiment or battery. 
 
 Sec. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its 
 P^sage. Lewis C. Layi,in, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
 
 El-BERT L. Lampson, 
 Passed April 6, 1893. President pro tern, of the Senate. 
 
140 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 At a meeting of the Commission in the city of Columbus, 
 April 25th, 1893, plans were adopted to secure competitive 
 estimates and bids for monuments and tablets from the leading 
 manufacturers and monument builders of the country. 
 
 Capt. J. C. McElroy, of the 18th Ohio Infantry, was now em- 
 ployed as corresponding secretary, and to act for the Commis- 
 sion in all matters pertaining to the correspondence, preparation 
 of contracts, and matters of detail in the prosecution of the work. 
 
 PI,AN FOR AWARDING CONTRACTS. 
 
 Parties competing for the contracts were required to prepare 
 and submit designs for regimental monuments, to cost $1,500 each, 
 and for monuments to artillery companies and battalion of sharp- 
 shooters, $1,000 each, less $30, to be deducted from the contract 
 price of each monument, for the bronze seal of Ohio, which the 
 State proposed to furnish. Each perspective design submitted to 
 be accompanied by an elevation scale drawing of the same, 
 drawn on a uniform scale of one inch to a foot, so that the^ cubical 
 feet of granite in each monument might be readily computed. 
 The Commission to furnish and prepare foundations to receive 
 the monuments without expense to contractors. Materials to be 
 good American granite or combinations of granite and copper 
 bronze. Each regimental and battery association was invited to 
 send three representatives to assist the Commission in selecting 
 designs. 
 
 October 25th and 26th, 1893, were the days appointed to exhibit 
 designs and award contracts for the work. The display was 
 large and attractive, more than five hundred original designs, 
 many of them drawn by noted artists and architects, were placed 
 upon exhibition in the hall of the House of Representatives at 
 the State Capitol. Designs were selected for each regiment and 
 battery represented, and contracts awarded to the following- 
 named bidders: 
 
 To E. F. Carr & Co., of Quincy, Mass., for the 19th, 31st, 33d, 
 41st, 69th, 74th, 89th, 94th, 105th, 113th, 124th and 125th Regi- 
 ments of Infantry, and the 1st and 3d Regiments of Cavalry, 
 Batteries B, C and F, and 6th Battery Ohio I<ight Artillery — 
 18 monuments. 
 
Proceedings of the Commission. . 141 
 
 To the Smith Granite Company, of Westerly, R. I., for the 2d, 
 15th, 35th, 36th, 40th, 52d, 59th, 64th, 90th, 92d, 93d and 98th 
 Regiments of Infantry, Batteries A and G, and 18th and 20th — 
 16 monuments. 
 
 To the Vermont Granite Company, of Barre, Vt., for the 1st, 
 11th, 26th, 49th, 65th, 101st and 121st Regiments of Infantry, 
 and Battery M and Battalion of Sharp-shooters — 10 monuments. 
 
 To Thomas W. Fox, of Cincinnati, for the 6th, 10th, 17th 
 and 24th Regiments of Infantry, and 4 th Regiment of (Cavalry — 
 5 monuments. 
 
 To Maurice J. Power, of New' York for the 13th, 14th, 18th, 
 51st and 99th Regiments of Infantry — 5 monuments. 
 
 To Leopold Fettweis, of Cincinnati, for the 9th Regiment 
 Infantry — 1 monument. In all, 55 monuments. 
 
 Agreements were entered into and bonds executed by con- 
 tractors, as follows : 
 
 AGREEMENT. 
 
 This agreement, made and entered into at Columbus, Ohio, this 
 
 day of , 189 — , by and between , the party of the first 
 
 part, and John Beatty, Chas. H. Giiosvenor, Aquila Wiley, James Watson, 
 J. S. Gill, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Wendell, and J. C. McElroy, of the 
 State of Ohio, constituting a Commission duly appoiuted and commis- 
 sioned by the Goveruor, and authorized to act for and on behalf of the 
 State of Ohio, in all matters pertaining to the construction and erection 
 of monuments and tablets, to mark the positions of Ohio troops on the 
 Chickamauga battle field, by and under certain acts of the General Assem- 
 bly of Ohio, passed May 4th, 1891 (Ohio Laws, Vol. 88, page 564), and 
 April 6th, 1893 (Ohio Laws, Vol. 90, page 147), party of the second part, 
 
 WITNESSETH, That the said party of the first part, in consideration of 
 the covenants and agreements of the said party of the second part, here- 
 inafter set forth, agrees to manufacture, furnish, and erect complete, upon 
 a foundation to be provided and laid by said party of the second part, on 
 a certain plat of ground to be designated and provided by said party of 
 the second part, on the National Military Park in the northern part of 
 Walker County, in the State of Georgia, a monument to mark the line 
 where the Regiment of Ohio Infantry performed its most conspic- 
 uous service on the Chickamauga battle field, said monument to be com- 
 posed of selected granite, corresponding with the specimen accompanying 
 the specifications hereto, vrhich must be in quality equal to the best Wes- 
 terly, Quincy, or Barre granites, and to correspond in all things pertaining 
 to dimensions, style, ornaments, inscriptions, quality of materials, manner 
 of erection, and all other details, with the design for said monument, 
 marked as finally approved and accepted by said party of the second part, 
 and also to be in accordance with the specifications for said monument 
 hereto annexed, which said design and specification form a part of this 
 agreement. 
 
 It is further stipulated and agreed by said party of the first part, that 
 said monument shall be manufactured and erected complete on the battle 
 
142 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 field of Chickamauga, as specified in this contract and the accompanying 
 design and specifications, not later than the 20th day of September, 1894, 
 and that when said monument shall be completed, it shall be set up at the 
 works for inspection and approval, should the said party of the second 
 part so require. 
 
 Said party of the first part further agrees to furnish to said party of 
 the second part at the time of signing this contract, complete outline 
 drawings of said monument, drawn to a scale', accurately exhibiting its 
 front, rear, and side elevations, measurements, proportions, finish, and 
 emblems, as described in this contract and the accompanying specifica- 
 tions, which said drawings are hereby made a part of this agreement, and 
 shall be faithfully followed in the manufacture of said monument, except 
 as may be otherwise provided in the specifications. 
 
 The said party of the first part further agrees to execute and deliver, 
 upon the signing hereof, to said party of the second part, a bond to the 
 State of Ohio, in the penal sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000), with 
 sureties resident in said Slate, at least one of whom shall be a resident of 
 Franklin County, to the satisfaction of the said party of the second part, 
 for the faithful performance of said first party's stipulations herein. 
 
 And, in consideration of the faithful performance of the foregoing 
 agreements and stipulations by the said party of the first part, to be by it 
 performed, to the satisfaction and approval of the said party of the second 
 part and of the National Commission having charge of the Chickamauga 
 Military Park, the said party of the second part hereby agrees to certify 
 and issue to the party of the first part its vouchers and requisitions on 
 the Auditor of State of Ohio for the sum of one thousand fivfe hundred 
 dollars ($1,500); less thirty dollars ($30), which shall be deducted and re- 
 tained from the first payment, for the bronze shield furnished by the State 
 of Ohio, which vouchers and requisitions shall be made payable to the 
 said party of the first part for the sums and at the dates following, to wit: 
 
 The first voucher and requisition for 
 
 within thirty days after the monument is completed and approved by the 
 Cotnmissiou. 
 
 And the second and final voucher and requisition for 
 
 on or before April 1, 1895. This contract shall not 
 
 be binding until the designs and specifications for said monument shall 
 have been approved by the National Commission and the Secretary of 
 War, in accordance with the laws and regulations now in force with refer- 
 ence to said park ; and it is further stipulated that time is hereby made of 
 the essence of this contract. 
 
 In Testimony Whereof, The said party of the first part has caused 
 this agreement to be subscribed by its President, and its corporate seal to 
 be hereto affixed ; and the said party of the second part has Caused the 
 same to be subscribed by its President and Secretary, the day and year first 
 above written. 
 
 SPECIFICATIONS 
 
 Of material and workmanship to be used in the construction and erection 
 
 of a monument on Chickamauga battle field, for the accord- 
 
 iug to the design No presented by 
 
 GENERAI, DESCRIPTION. 
 
 The monument, when completed, to measure at its base, 
 
 and in height above the foundation. To be constructed 
 
 The monument to be composed of separate pieces 
 
 as shown by plans. 
 
Proceedings of the Commission. 143 
 
 The granite used to be carefully selected stone, the separate pieces uni- 
 form iu color and free from all cracks, flaws, streaks, sap traces or deposits 
 of iron, or any other deleterious substance. The workmanship must be 
 first-class in all respects. The entire monument must be constructed and 
 erected to the satisfaction of the Ohio Board of Commissioners on Chick- 
 amauga Monuments, and all conditions and requirements adopted by said 
 Commissioners must be complied with. The monument to be erected on 
 such site on Chickamauga battle field as the Commissioners may desig- 
 nate, on a foundation prepared by said Commissioners. 
 
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 
 
 CARVING AND ORNAMENTATION. 
 
 LETTERING. 
 
 FORM OP BOND GIVEN BY CONTRATORS. 
 
 Enow Alt, Men by these Presents: 
 
 That we 
 
 are held and firmly bound unto the State of Ohio in the penal sum of 
 
 for the payment of which, well and truly 
 
 made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, firmly 
 by these presents. 
 
 The condition of the above obligation is such that, whereas, the said 
 
 has entered into an agreement and contract for the 
 
 erection of a monument to mark the position of the regi- 
 ment of Ohio on the Chickamauga battle field, in Walker 
 
 County, in the State of Georgia, with John Beatty, C. H. Grosvenor, Aquila 
 Wiley, James Watson, J. S. Gill, Andrew Jackson, Frederick Wendell, and 
 J. C. McElroy, who constitute a Commission, duly appointed b)' the 
 Governor and authorized by law, to act for and on behalf of the State of 
 Ohio in all matters pertaining to the erection of monuments and tablets 
 to mark the positions of Ohio troops on the Chickamauga battle field. 
 
 Now. if the said shall faithfully prosecute the erection 
 
 of the said monument according to the plans, designs and specifications 
 embraced in the agreemen't thei-eto, and shall furnish the monument com- 
 plete, at the time and place agreed upon, to the satisfaction and acceptance 
 of the Ohio Commission, and the approval of the National Commission 
 in charge of the Chickamauga National Military Park, then this obliga- 
 tion shall be void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect. 
 
 Witness our hands and seals, this day 
 
 of 189.. 
 
 The first installment of one-half the contract price was paid 
 upon the completion and acceptance of the monuments, in 
 accordance with the stipulations in the agreements, and the 
 second and final installment was paid prior to April 1, 1895. 
 
144 
 
 The Batti<e of Chickamauga. 
 
 The contract to furnish and set upon the field fifty-three 
 granite markers or tablets was, on the 16th day of November, 
 1894, awarded to M. V. Mitchell & Son, of Columbus, Ohio. 
 These tablets or markers, when completed and in plac? on the 
 field, were inspected, accepted, and paid for by the Commission. 
 
 The sum of $5,000, appropriated by the Act of May 4, 1891, to 
 meet the expenses of the Commission in the preliminary work 
 of locating the lines of battle and the sites for monuments, and 
 securing and completing contracts for the work, had all been ex- 
 pended and accounted for, according to law, before drafts were 
 made upon the fund appropriated by the Act of April 6, 1893. 
 
 The following amounts have been drawn against the $90,000 
 appropriated April 6th, 1893 : 
 
 1893 
 
 
 Sept. 
 
 2G, 
 
 1894 
 
 
 April 
 
 4, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 23, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 8, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 8, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 8, 
 
 Nov. 
 
 8, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 29, 
 
 Dec. 
 
 29, 
 
 1895. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 8, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 8, 
 
 March IG, 
 
 March 16, 
 
 March IG, 
 
 March 18, 
 
 March 18, 
 
 March 19, 
 
 March 21, 
 
 April 
 
 2. 
 
 Total 
 
 Drawn by Commission for Expenses 
 
 M. J. Power, for 55 Bronze Seals . 
 
 E. F. Carr & Co., 1st Installment 
 
 M. J. Power, 
 
 Smith Granite Co., " " ' 
 
 Vermont Granite Co., " " 
 
 Leopold Fettweis, 
 
 M. V. Mitchell & Son., in full ... 
 
 E. F. Carr & Co., 1st Installment 
 
 Smith Granite Co., " 
 Vermont Granite Co., " " 
 
 Thos. W. Fox, in full 
 
 M. J. Power, 2d Installment 
 
 Leopold Fettweis, " " 
 
 Smith Granite Co., " 
 
 Vermont Granite Co., " " 
 
 E. F. Carr & Co., assignee, " " 
 
 E. F. Carr & Co., 
 
 J. C. McElroy, Treasurer Ohio Commission, Balance 
 
 $5,000 00 
 
 840 00 
 5,730 00 
 3,600 00 
 7,420 00 
 2,630 00 
 
 720 00 
 2,067 00 
 
 4,070 00 
 
 3,100 00 
 3,350 00 
 7,350 00 
 3,750 00 
 750 00 
 
 11,000 00 
 7,720 00 
 3,750 00 
 
 10,910 00 
 6,243 00 
 
 $90,000 00 
 
Proceedings op the Commission. 145 
 
 At a meeting of the Commission in the City of Columbus, on 
 the 8th day of November, 1895, the members all being present, 
 the following resolutions, offered by Gen. C. H. Grosvenor, were 
 unanimously adopted : 
 
 RESOI,ved, That the President, Gen. John Beatty, and the Treasurer, 
 Capt. J. C. McElroy, be, and they are, authorized to contract for the print- 
 ing and binding of 5,000 volumes of the final report of the Commission to 
 the Governor of Ohio ; said report to be accompanied by a map of the 
 battlefield in said volume, and a condensed history of the battle of Chick- 
 amauga, compiled from the Rebellion records ; the report to also contain^ 
 each, a half-tone photo-engraving of the fifty-five monuments erected, 
 and a brief history of each regiment and battery of Ohio troops that 
 served in the battle, and to pay the cost of the same out of the money 
 remaining on hand from the appropriation for the construction of the 
 monuments upon the battle field ; 
 
 Rksolved, That Ool. James Watson, Hons. J. S. Gill and Andrew Jack- 
 son, be appointed an Auditing Committee, to examine and audit the 
 accounts of the Treasurer for all money disbursed by him since his last 
 report, and said Committee shall remain until the final account of the 
 Treasurer is settled ; and the Treasurer is directed to certify into the 
 State Treasury any balance which may remain in his hands after all 
 claims are paid. 
 
 REPORT OF THE AUDITING COMMITTEE. 
 
 Columbus, Ohio, November 9th, 1895. 
 
 We, the undersigned Committee, appointed to audit the ac- 
 counts and vouchers of J. C. McElroy, Treasurer of the Ohio 
 Chickamauga Commission, find that the said Treasurer, at the 
 date of the last examination of his second account, March 30th, 
 1895, had in his hands $2,059.19 of the second appropriation. 
 That there has been expended, by direction of the Commission 
 since March 30th, 1895, $1,519.82, leaving a balance in the hands 
 of said Tre'asurer of $539.37, and we find that the Treasurer has 
 also in his hands of the third account, second appropriation, the 
 sum of $6,243.00, making a total on hand to be accounted for of 
 
 $6,782.37. 
 
 Andrew Jackson, 
 
 Signed, James Watson. 
 
 J. S. Gill, 
 
 Auditing Committee. 
 
146 The Batti<b of Chickamauga. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Dedication of the Ohio Monuments 
 
 ON THE 
 
 BATTLE FIELD OF CHICKAMAUGA, 
 
 September 18, J 895. 
 
 AT 12.28 p. M. Gen. John Beatty, President of the Ohio Com- 
 mission, opened the exercises of the day by introducing the 
 Rev. J. J. Manker, D. D., late Captain Co. B, 50th Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry. 
 
 PRAYER OF DR. MANKER. 
 
 Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, we look up to Thee this 
 day with devout thanksgiving. We adore Thee for all Thy great 
 and manifold blessings to us as a people. We thank Thee for 
 all Thy gracious dealings with us as a nation ; for the illustrious 
 deeds of our forefathers, for the glorious heritage which they 
 have handed down to us, and for the blessings of peace. We 
 thank thee that on this historic field, where we once met in fra- 
 tricidal strife, we now gather as brothers, clasping friendly hands, 
 and with hearts throbbing with patriotic devotion to our one 
 country, one flag, one constitution. 
 
 With devout thanksgiving, O Lord, we mention Thy name and 
 record thy mercies and blessings ; and with faith in Thee as the 
 giver of every good and perfect gift, we look up for Thy continued 
 favor. We crave Thy blessing upon the President of the United 
 States; upon every Department of our National Government i 
 upon our several State governments, and upon all our people, 
 We invoke Thy blessing upon the brave men who gather here 
 
Dedication op thb Ohio "^Monuments. 147 
 
 to-day, looking forward with anxious care to the coming years. 
 Let Thy hand be upon them for good, and Thy blessing with 
 them through all the years of their lives. And now we pray that 
 the exercises of this hour may be of lasting benefit to all our com- 
 rades and fellow citizens assembled here, to that great State we 
 represent, and to this great nation. Bless these gentlemen who 
 shall speak to us, and all these who shall hear, and may this day 
 not only be notable because of the history we celebrate, but mem- 
 orable also because of the good results which shall follow to our- 
 selves and to future generations. Amen. 
 
 speech of gen. john beatty. 
 
 Feuow Citizens of Ohio : 
 
 Thirty-two years ago the battle of Chickamauga was fought in 
 the fields and forests around us. The bitter personal griefs 
 resulting from the conflict have been mellowed by time into 
 tender and precious memories. Old comrades, dear friends, 
 brave hearts, who here bade the world good bye, are heroes nov^ 
 to whom we rear granite columns, and of whom we speak rever- 
 ently and proudly. [Applause.] A thousand years to God are but 
 as yesterday. The difference between the longest and the shortest 
 life is simply a speck in the great sweep of time. As we grow 
 older, therefore, we come to realize that it matters little when 
 men pass the final ordeal; the pre-eminent consideration is the 
 motive which prompted them in life, the end for which they 
 struggled, or the cause in which they fell. If the motive, end or 
 cause was the common good, they are rightly esteemed the 
 friends and benefactors of the human race, and hence are entitled 
 to the loving remembrance of the living. The farms we own 
 to-day will pass into other hands; the money we gather will be 
 scattered; the houses which shelter us will perish; the friend- 
 ships, loves and hates, and all the incidents of ordinary life will soon 
 be buried in oblivion ; but the men who fought and fell on this 
 great battle field by their conspicuous death emphasized the fact 
 that they had lived ; called attention to the nobility of their lives, 
 and the splendor of their deeds, and thus achieved an exceptional 
 
148 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 and permanent success. [Applause.] The knowledge of their 
 valor and sacrifices will be perpetuated by history or tradition to 
 the end of time. 
 
 Philosophers disagree as to the form of government best 
 adapted to the wants of man; statesmen differ on grave questions 
 of public policy; historians wrangle over the deserts of indi- 
 viduals, and theologians are not agreed in their interpretation of 
 the divine will ; but all concur in the proposition that motive is 
 the test of man's integrity. As God only can fathom the human 
 heart, He alone can determine accurately the relative personal 
 merits of those who fought and fell. We may, therefore, properly 
 leave this question with the Divine Master, and without the sur- 
 render of a conviction with respect to the principles and policies 
 involved in the war, and without reopening any question settled 
 by it, assume what no man can positively deny, that those who 
 faced death on this battle field did so believing they were fight- 
 ing in an honest cause, and for the best interests of mankind- 
 [Applause.] Judged by that rule which put the widow's mite 
 above all gifts, some humble private soldier, who once wore the 
 blue or the gray, may lead all the rest on God's scroll of honor. 
 [Applause.] But more pertinent to our present and prospective 
 welfare as a people, than any question of individual motive of the 
 past, is the fact that the heroic and unselfish service rendered 
 here on this side or on that was performed by American soldiers. 
 [Applause.] Let the North and the South, therefore, combine 
 the brilliant achievements of their sons, and make them the com- 
 mon heritage of the nation. [Applause.] 
 
 More than thirty years have elapsed since the war ended. The 
 towns and cities destroyed by it have been rebuilt with hand- 
 somer structures. The fields laid waste by it have been restored 
 to increased productiveness. The manufacturing industries 
 hindered by it have long since entered upon a new and more 
 vigorous growth. The debt incurred in its prosecution has been 
 nearly cancelled. The enmities engendered by it have been in 
 the main forgotten. The Union, which was in such terrible dis- 
 tress because of it, emerged from the fiery ordeal purer and 
 stronger than it was, and standing higher in the estimation of 
 mankind than it ever did before. In the. old time we could 
 muster three million men to fight among ourselves ; to-day we 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 149 
 
 can put double that number in the field to meet a foreign enemy. 
 [Applause.] We have taught the world that Americans can 
 fight, and that they will fight, if need be, to protect their territory, 
 or to maintain their honor. [Applause.] This lesson alone is 
 worth more to the country than the money cost of the war. Our 
 word goes for more in the family of nations than it did ; our just 
 demands are more quickly and courteously recognized than they 
 were ; our chances of becoming involved in a foreign war are 
 almost infinitely less than they would have been if our people 
 North and South had not proved their courage on a hundred 
 stubbornly-fought fields. [Applause.] 
 
 We come here to-day, therefore, with no reproaches for the 
 living, and no lamentations for the dead, but with flags flying, 
 drums beating, singing the national airs with glad voices, and 
 lifting up rejoicing hearts in thankfulness for that God-like 
 quality in man which prompts him in grave exigencies to lay 
 down his life for the commonweal. 
 
 " Praise to the valiant dead ; for them doth art 
 
 Her skill exhaust, their triumphs bodying forth ; 
 Theirs are enshrined names, and every heart 
 
 Shall bear the blazoned impress of their worth ; 
 Bright on the dreams of youth their fame shall rise. 
 
 Their fields of fight shall epic song record, 
 And when the voice of battle rends the skies. 
 
 Their names shall be their country's rallying word." 
 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Pardon me if I have detained you too long from the more 
 important matters of the day. You have gathered here at this 
 hour to witness the final disposition of a work to which Ohio 
 was invited by the general Government, and in which the good 
 people of our State have manifested a heartfelt interest. Permit 
 me to present to you, as the first on the list of speakers. Gen. 
 Charles H. Grosvenor, a gentleman who rendered most important 
 service to the country in the battle of Chickamauga, and who, as 
 a member of Congress, gave his vote and influence to the con- 
 version of this historic field into a national military park. 
 [Applause.] 
 
150 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 address op gen. charles h. grosvenor. 
 
 Mr. President: 
 
 It has been deemed proper, that at this point of time in the pro- 
 gramme of the dedication of the Ohio monuments upon this battle 
 field, that a brief statement of the origin and history of the organ- 
 ization that produced these results should be made. 
 
 The idea of a national park to commemorate the battle of 
 Chickamauga undoubtedly had its origin in the mind and brain 
 of Gen. Henry V. Boynton, the gallant officer who commanded 
 that splendid fighting regiment, the 35th Ohio Volunteers 
 [Applause], of Gen. Ferdinand Van Derveer's brigade, in the mem- 
 orable battle of Chickamauga. The first suggestion which is to 
 be found anywhere in print, of the movement which afterward 
 took shape in the organization out of which this whole develop- 
 ment has grown, was in a letter written by Gen. Boynton, on the 
 17th day of August, 1888, shortly after his return from a visit to 
 the battle field. He wrote as follows : " The survivors of the 
 Army of the Cumberland should awake to great pride in this 
 notable field of Chickamauga. Why should it not, as well as 
 Eastern fields, be marked by monuments, and its lines be accu- 
 rately preserved for history? There was no more magnificent 
 fighting during the war than both armies did there. Both sides 
 might well unite in preserving the field where both, in a military 
 sense, won such renown." 
 
 This was the first suggestion, so far as is now known, of the 
 organization out of which these greater results have grown. At 
 the meeting of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland, on 
 the 20th of September of the same year, a practical step was 
 taken. Gen. Cist, the Secretary of that Society, introduced a res- 
 olution looking to the organization. The resolution of Gen. Cist 
 is as follows : 
 
 " I move that a committee of five be appointed by the Chair, for the 
 purpose of taking the necessary steps to inaugurate a movement for the 
 purchase of the ground on which the battle of Chickamauga -was fought ; 
 that monuments be placed thereon to mark the location of the troops that 
 fought there, and that it may be preserved similar to the plan of the bat- 
 tle field of Gettysburg." 
 
 This resolution was adopted, and Gen. Cist, with Gens. Man- 
 derson, Alger, Baird, and Boynton, were appointed such commit- 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 151 
 
 tee. This committee met in Washington on the 13th of Febru- 
 ary, 1889, and there a conference was held with certain of the 
 ex-Confederate veterans of the Chickamauga battle, looking to the 
 formation of a general movement or organization for the purpose 
 indicated. 
 
 This conference was held in the room of the Senate Committee 
 on Military Affairs, and there were present Gens. Rosecrans, Baird, 
 Reynolds, Cist, Manderson, and Boynton, and Col. Kellogg, of 
 the Union officers; and Gens. Bate of Tenn., Colquitt, Walthall 
 of Miss., Wheeler of Ala., Wright of Tenn., and Cols. Bank- 
 head of Ala., and Morgan of Miss. Gens. Cist, Colquitt, Baird, 
 Walthall, Wright, Boynton, and Col. Kellogg were appointed a 
 committee, with power to prepare an act of incorporation, and to 
 correspond with leading officers from each State whose troops 
 fought in Chickamauga. They were also authorized to secure 
 incorporators for the purpose proposed. 
 
 On the 19th of September, 1889, a joint meeting of Union and 
 ' Confederate veterans was held at the tent in Chattanooga, erected 
 for the meetings of the Society of the Army of the Cumberland. 
 There were soldiers present from both armies, seated together 
 side by side under the old flag, and there was evident earnestness 
 manifested in the prosecution of the work. At that meeting 
 Gen. Boynton, of the joint Chickamauga Memorial Association, 
 or rather, of the Committee as it stood then for the formation of 
 the Association, made a most eloquent speech. He said, as per- 
 tinent to the question now under consideration, as follows: 
 
 A year ago last Summer it was my privilege to revisit Chickamauga in 
 company with my old commander, Gen. Van Derveer. The ride was the 
 more impressive because the day was Sunday. On reaching the Cloud 
 House, on the northern boundary of the field, there came to us from a 
 country church near by the voices of solemn song. 
 
 The last music whicli had fallen on our ears as we left that field a quarter 
 of a century before was the screech, the rattle, and roar, and thunder of that 
 hell of battle which had loaded the air with horror through all that earlier 
 and well-remembered Sabbath. • 
 
 In a moment, as with a flash, memory peopled those scenes for us with 
 the actors of that other day. We gloried in Rosecrans, and mourned that 
 Thomas did not still live to enjoy his ever-increasing renown. 
 
 We saw Baird's and Johnson's, and Palmer's, and Reynolds' immovable 
 lines around the Kelly farm. We recalled Wood on the spurs of Snodgrass 
 Hill, and Brannan and Grosvenor, and Steedman under Granger, on the 
 Horseshoe. 
 
 There rolled back on the mind the unequal fighting of that thin and 
 contracted line of heroes; and the magnificent Confederate assaults which 
 
152 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 swept in upon us time and again, and ceaselessly, as that service of all the 
 gods of war went on throughout those holy hours. 
 
 Then — thitiking of our Union lines alone — ^we said to each other : " This 
 field should be a Western Gettysburg — a Chickamauga memorial." 
 
 It was but a flash forward in thought to our present plan, and the prop- 
 osition became — "Aye, it should be more than Gettysburg, with its 
 monuments along one side alone ; the lines of both armies should be equally 
 marked." 
 
 It was immediately following this visit that the first suggestion 
 in print was made, to which I have already referred. 
 
 On the same day there was a meeting held at the rooms of the 
 Confederate Veterans' Association, at the Hotel Stanton, in the 
 City of Chattanooga, by the veterans of the Confederate service, 
 and their action looking to the establishment of the Park here 
 follows: 
 
 Proceedings Confederate Veterans' Association. 
 
 Rooms of the Confederate Veterans' Association, 
 HoTEi, Stanton, 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., September 19th, 1889. 
 
 In pursuance of a joint invitation issued by Major W. J. Colburn, Chair- 
 man Executive Committee, Army of the Cumberland; Adolph S. Ochs, 
 Chairman Local Committee, Chickamauga National Park Association, and 
 Capt. J. F. Shipp, Commander N. B. Forest Camp, Confederate Veterans, 
 a preliminary meeting of the Confederate veterans was held, at which 
 Capt. Shipp briefly outlined the object of the meeting and the proposed 
 plan of organizing of the Chickamauga National Park Association, when 
 the following credentials were filed with Capt. Shipp : 
 
 Army of the Tennessee Veteran Association, New Orleans — Gen. John 
 Glynn, Jr., E. T. Manning, John McCoy, Capt. J. A. Chalaron, Lieut. John 
 B. Ballard, R. D. Scriven, Col. Fremaux, C. L. Sinclair, Capt. Eugene May, 
 Col. Thomas H. Handy. 
 
 Confederate Cavalry Association, New Orleans — Dr. Y. R. Lemonnier, 
 Col. Joseph H. Duegan, Col. Robert W. Gillespie. 
 
 Washington Artillery, Army Northern Virginia, New Orleans — 
 Gen. William J. Beham, Col. William Miller Owen. 
 
 Tennessee State Association Confederate Veterans — Capt. Thomas F. 
 Perkins, President, Franklin, Tenn. 
 
 Frank Cheatham Bivouac, Nashville, Tenn.— Col. Thomas Claiborn; 
 Major J. W. Morton, Capt. George B. Guild, Capt. Pat. Griffin, William 
 Allen, John Shields. 
 
 Confederate Veteran Association, Chicago, III. — Major George For- 
 rester, Capt. R. H. Stewart. 
 
 Forbes Bivouac, Clarksville, Tenn. — Capt. C. W. Tyler, Charles H. 
 Bailey, Clay Stacker, Cave Johnson. 
 
 Frierson Bivouac, Shelbyville, Tenn.— Hon. E. Shepard, H. C. White- 
 sides, J. I/. Burt, Dr. Samuel M. Thompson. 
 
 The f. B. Palmer Bivouac, Murfreesboro, Tenn. — Hon. J. W. Sparks. 
 
 F. K. Zollicoffer Camp, Knoxville, Tenn. — Frank A. Moses, Charles 
 Ducloux. 
 
 Veteran Confederate States Cavalry Association, New Orleans — 
 Major D. A. Given. 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 153 
 
 N. B. Forrest Camp Confederate Veterans, Chattanooga, Tenn. — 
 Capt. J. P. Shipp, Capt. L. T. Dickinson, Capt. J. L. McCoUum, Capt. "Sfl.. 
 H. Clift, Col. T. M. McConnell, Judge W. 1,. Eakin, Col. Tomlinsou Fort, 
 Capt. Milton Russell, Dr. G. W. Drake. 
 
 Upon motion of Capt. Shipp, Capt. George B. Guild, of Nashville, was 
 named for Chairman of the meeting, -which motion was put and unani- 
 mously carried. 
 
 Edward T. Manning was elected as Secretary. 
 
 The Chairman stated that the organization of the proposed Chicka- 
 mauga National Park Association contemplated a President, Vice-Presi- 
 dent, Secretary and Treasurer, and also twenty-eight Directors, and that 
 it was proposed to divide the organization equally between the Blue and 
 the Gray. 
 
 It was moved by Capt. Shipp that the Confederate veterans here 
 assembled name veterans for Vice-President and Secretary, and fourteen 
 Directors. 
 
 Moved that Gen. Joseph Wheeler be selected for Vice-President, which 
 was seconded and unanimously carried. ' 
 
 Col. Thomas Claiborn moved that Gen. Marcus W. Wright be selected 
 for Secretary, which was seconded and unanimously carried. 
 
 At this point of the proceedings Gen. H. V. Boynton, of the Society of 
 the Army of the Cumberland, was invited to the conference. He stated 
 that the organization of the Chickamauga Memorial Association (as above 
 proposed) was equitable and satisfactory. He then gave in detail the 
 objects and purposes ot the Association, which was to have the Govern- 
 ment buy the battle field, which would require the purchase of about 
 10,000 acres of land. Gen. Boynton stated that the Association would 
 receive the most hearty co-operation of Gen. Rosecrans, Gen. Cist and 
 others, of the Federal side, and Senators Bate, Gibson, and Walthall and 
 others, of the Confederate side. 
 
 Capt. Shipp then moved that a committee of seven be appointed by the 
 Chair to meet a like committee from the Society of the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, and the Chairman of the Local Memorial Committee, Adolph S. Ochs, 
 for the purpose of agreeing upon a list of Officers and a Board of Direc- 
 tors for the Chickamauga Memorial Association, which motion prevailed. 
 
 The Chairman appointed the following Committee : 
 
 Capt. J. F. Shipp, Chairman, 4th Regiment Georgia Infantry ; Gen. 
 John Glynn, Jr., of (Legardeur's) Orleans Grand Battery, La. ; Col. Jos. H. 
 Duggan, 5th Co., Battalion Washington Artillery, La., and Assistant Chief 
 Ord. Officer, Forrest's Corps ; Capt. T. F. Perkins, of 11th Tennessee Cav- 
 alry; Major Geo. Forrester, 3d Kentucky Cavalry, Morgan's Command; 
 Capt. Jos. W. Morton, Chief of Artillery, Forrest's Command ; J. L. Mc- 
 Collum, 6th Regiment Alabama Infantry, " Raccoon Roughs ; " Capt. Geo. 
 B. Guild, Acting Adj't Gen., Harrison's Brigade Cavalry ; Ed. T. Manning, of 
 4th Louisiana Infantry and Fenner's Louisiana Battery ; Lieut. J. B. Ballard, 
 Company K, 20th Louisiana Infantry, was also added to the committee. 
 
 The Chairman requested Capt. Shipp to state how far matters had 
 progressed in conference, by correspondence or otherwise, between the 
 Federal and Confederate Veterans' Associations, looking to a permanent 
 organization under a charter already applied for in Walker County, Ga. 
 
 In compliance therewith Capt. Shipp stated an agreement had been 
 reached by which the Federal Associations were to select the President 
 and Treasurer and fourteen Directors, and the Confederate Associations 
 were to nominate the Vice-President and Secretary, and an equal number 
 of Directors. 
 
 This arrangement was considered eminently proper and just, and the 
 committee then reported the following comrades of the Confederate Vet- 
 
154 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 erans' Associations to be their choice to serve on the first Board of Di- 
 rectors to be hereafter elected by the Chickamauga Memorial Association: 
 
 For Vice-President — Gen. Joseph Wheeler. 
 For Secretary — Gen. Marcus J. Wright. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 From Alabama — Gen. Joseph Wheeler. 
 From Arkansas — Capt. C. R. Breckinridge. 
 From Florida — Gen. Jesse T. Finley. 
 From. North Carolina — Gen. David H. Hill. 
 From South Carolina — Gen. E. M. Law. 
 From Tennessee — Gen. Marcus J. Wright. 
 From Texas— Hoa. Roger Q. Mills. 
 From Virginia — Hon. Geo. D. Wise. 
 From Georgia — Gen. Alfred H. Colquitt. 
 From Georgia— Gen. Ja.mes Longstreet. 
 From Kentucky — Gen. Joseph H. Lewis. 
 From Louisiana — Gen. Randall L. Gibson. 
 From. Mississippi — Col. Charles E. Hooker. 
 From. Missouri — Gen. F. M. Cockrell. 
 
 Capt. Shipp stated all the above were duly qualified to serve, as they 
 were charter members of the Chickamauga Memorial Association. 
 
 Gen. Boynton approved the action as taken, and advised that the 
 Society of the Army of the Cumberland would take like action and report 
 their selections at the "Barbecue," at Crawfish Spring,on the 20th instant. 
 
 Mr. Ochs was requested to explain the method of subscribing to the 
 Chickamauga Memorial Association, which was, in substance, that a Life 
 Membership would be issued, on parchment certificate, on the payment of 
 five dollars, made by any member of either association of veterans. 
 
 Col. Duggau suggested that, as the charter had not been passed upon 
 by the Superior Court of Georgia, that, in his opinion, the joint commit- 
 tees could only recommend confirmatory action when the incorporators 
 were legally authorized. 
 
 Mr. Ochs stated he was fully convinced that such a course would be 
 cheerfully complied with. 
 
 Gen. Boynton, in order to finally fix the matter, said he would offer a 
 resolution on the 20th instant, covering the recommendations from both 
 army organizations to the incorporators of the Chickamauga Memorial 
 Association, and he felt convinced it would be unanimously adopted. 
 
 Capt. Shipp suggested the appointment of a committee of an equal 
 number of officers from the Federal and Confederate sides, who participated 
 in the battle of Chickamauga, to examine the maps now being made by 
 Major Kellogg, go over the battle field, and endeavor to arrive at correct 
 information, so that evervthing will be in strict accordance with the facts 
 as they existed. 
 
 Col. Claiborn favored the suggestion. 
 
 On motion of Major Clift, the Chair was authorized to appoint such 
 committee at some future time, afteir consultation with Gen. Boynton. 
 
 Mr. Ochs here called on Capt. Shipp to explain the object of the com- 
 mittee to examine Col. Kellogg's maps of the battle of Chickamauga 
 
 The answer was from Gen. Boynton, to the effect that the object of 
 such committee was to find and determine the exact positions of both 
 armies, and to record the same, by the joint efforts of the commands from 
 the several States there engaged; and that while Col. Kellogg was 
 specially charged by the United States Government with making that 
 map, he had shown every desire to serve the Chattanooga Memorial Asso- 
 ciation in any manner possible. 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monuments. 155 
 
 Capt Perkins, President of the Nashville Bivouac, and Capt. Guild 
 invited those present, and all organizations, to join them at their reunion, 
 at Nashville, on October 3d proximo, aud Major Forester, of the Confed- 
 erate Veteran Association of Chicago, extended a like invitation to all 
 comrades of the Blue and the Gray to visit them at Chicago, during the 
 World's Fair, in 1892. 
 
 The Confederate delegates then adjourned, to assemble at N. B. Forrest 
 Camp Rooms, on East Eighth Street, at 2 o'clock, to march in a body to 
 a joint meeting of the Blue and the Gray^the Chickamauga Memorial 
 Park Association — where Gen. H. V. Boynton and Governor Albert S. 
 Marks are to deliver addresses. 
 
 George E. Guild, Chairman. 
 
 Ed. T. Manning, Secretary. 
 
 On the 20th of September, 1889, the Chickamauga Memorial 
 Association was formed, and I here incorporate the proceedings 
 of the memorable meeting which was held in the little church on 
 the battle field near Crawfish Spring on that eventful day. 
 
 Chickamauga Memorial Association. 
 
 [ofpiciai, proceedings.] 
 
 Church on the Battle Field op Chickamauga, 
 
 Crawfish Springs, Walker County, Georgia. 
 September 20, 1889. 
 
 At a joint meeting of the Veterans' Associations of the Blue and the 
 Gray, held this date, as above designated, Mr. Adolph S. Ochs, Chairman 
 of the Local Committee on the Chickamauga Memorial Association, called 
 the meeting to order, and suggested the election of a Chairman. So 
 ordered. 
 
 Gen. Henry M. Cist -was unanimously elected, and Gen. H. V. Boynton 
 and Col. T. M. McConnell appointed to escort him to the chair. 
 
 On motion, Mr. Ed. T. Manning was unanimously elected Secretary. 
 
 The Chairman stated the object of meeting, and in connection there- 
 with Mr. Adolph S. Ochs read the petition for charter, which would be 
 shortly granted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Ochs, all members present were enrolled as members 
 of the Chickamauga Memorial Association. 
 
 Gen. Grosvenor spoke, advocating the immediate election of oflEcers. 
 
 Gen. FuUerton coincided in such action. 
 
 Gen. Grosvenor then placed in nomination, for the first President of the 
 Chickamauga Memorial Association, Gen. J. T. Wilder, of Tennessee. 
 
 Seconded by Capt. J. F. Shipp. 
 
 Gen. Wilder was declared the unanimous choice of the associations 
 present and represented. 
 
 Gen. Wilder, being present, accepted the trust. 
 
 Capt. Shipp placed in nomination for Vice-President Gen. Joseph 
 Wheeler, of Alabama. 
 
 Seconded by Gen. H. V. Boynton. 
 
 Gen. Wheeler was declared unanimously elected. 
 
 Capt. George B. Guild nominated Gen. Marcus J. Wright, of Washing- 
 ton, D. C., as Secretary, who was unanimously elected. 
 
156 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Gen. Grosvenor nominated Gen. J. S. Fullerton, of St. Louis, Mo., who 
 was unanimously elected Treasurer. 
 
 Secretary Manning then read the list of Directors submitted by the 
 ex-Confederate Veterans' Associations : 
 
 Alabama — Gen. Joseph Wheeler. 
 
 Arkansas — Capt. C. R. Breckinridge. 
 
 Florida — Gen. T. Finley. 
 
 North Carolina — Gen. D. H. Hill. 
 
 South Carolina — Gen. E. M. Law. 
 
 Tennessee — Gen. Marcus J. Wright. 
 
 Texas — O&a. Roger Q. Mills. 
 
 Virginia — Hon. George D. Wise. 
 
 Georgia — Gen. Alfred H. Colquitt. 
 
 Georgia — Gen. James Longstreet. 
 
 Kentucky — Gen. Joseph H. Lewis. 
 
 Louisiana — Gen. Randall L. Gibson. 
 
 Mississippi — Col. Charles E. Hooker. 
 
 Missouri — Gen. F. M. Cockrell. 
 
 Gen. Boynton then presented the following list of Directors, submitted 
 by the ex-Union officers : 
 
 Kentucky — Col. G. C. Kniffin. 
 Minnesota — Gen. J. W. Bishop. 
 Ohio — Gen. Henry M. Cist. 
 Ohio — Gen. C. H. Grosvenor. 
 Ohio — Gen. Ferd. Van Derveer. 
 Tennessee — Gen. Gates P. Thruston. 
 Missouri — Gen. J. S. Fullerton. 
 Indiana — Gen. J. J. Reynolds. 
 Tennessee— O^n. J. T. Wilder. 
 Illinois — Gen. A. C. McClurg. 
 United States Army — Gen. A. Baird. 
 United States Army— Col. S. C. Kellogg. 
 Washington, D. C. — Gen. W. S. Rosecrans. 
 Washington, D. C. — Gen. H. V. Boynton. 
 
 On motion of Mr. H. S. Chamberlain, seconded by Col. J. H. Duggan, 
 the election of directors, twenty-eight in number, as herein named, was 
 made unanimous. 
 
 On motion of Gen. Thruston, the two officers present were authorized 
 to call a meeting of the Board of Diitectors at such time as they think 
 best, and to take such other action as they may deem necessary. 
 
 Gen. Wilder then stated that the Superior Court would soon issue the 
 charter, and, if authorized, he would accept the same. He was duly 
 empowered. 
 
 On motion, the associations of the Blue and Gray then adjourned. 
 
 Henry M. Cist, Chairman. 
 Ed. T. Manning, Secretary. 
 
 In making up the list of incorporators, the selections from each State 
 were made as nearly as practical in proportion to the troops each had in 
 the battle. 
 
 After the Association has been incorporated, there will be an opi)ortu- 
 nity for all who choose, of the veterans of either army, or of those inter- 
 ested in the project, whether they served in either army or not, to become 
 members upon the payment of a membership fee of f5.00, which is to be 
 paid but once, no subsequent fees of any kind being contemplated. This 
 will entitle the subscriber to a certificate of membership and to one vote 
 at all meetings of the Association, either in person or by proxy. 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monuments. 157 
 
 The Union Army had 195 separate organizations on the field, of which 
 36 were batteries. The Confederate Army had 274 organizations, of which 
 50 were batteries, and 6 belonged to the Confederate regulars. These were 
 thus divided among the States : 
 
 Union — Illinois, 36 ; Indiana, 42 ; Kansas, 2 ; Kentucky, 18 ; Michigan, 
 8; Minnesota, 2; Missouri, 3; Ohio, 56; Pennsylvania, 7; Wisconsin, 9; 
 Tennessee, 2 ; United States regulars, 9. 
 
 Confederate— fAabB.tn.&, 43; Arkansas, 17; Florida, 7; Georgia, 35; 
 Kentucky, 7 ; Louisiana, 13 ; Mississippi, 21 ; Missouri, 2 ; North Carolina, 
 4; South Carolina, 18; Tennessee, 68 ; Texas, 18; Virginia, 7; Confederate 
 regulars, 6. 
 
 Thus, eleven Union States and the regular army were represented by 
 troops in the battle, and all the Confederate States, with Kentucky and 
 Missouri, and the regular army of the Confederacy. 
 
 The following is the charter of the Chickamauga Memorial 
 Association : 
 
 CHARTER CHICKAMAUGA MEMORIAL 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 State op Georgia, Wai,ker County. 
 To THE Superior Court of said County : 
 
 The Petition of: 
 ALABAMA— William H. Forney, J. T. Holtzclaw, W. C. Gates, Joseph 
 
 Wheeler, and S. M. A. Wood, 
 Arkansas— James H. Berry, Clifton R, Breckinridge, Evander McNair, 
 
 and L. H. Mangum, 
 Colorado— G. C. Symes, 
 District of Columbia — ^Absalom Baird, H. V. Boynton, and W. S. 
 
 Rosecrans, 
 Florida — Wilkinson Call, Robert H. M. Davidson, and Jess J. Finley, 
 Georgia — Joseph M. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, J. B. Cummings, J^mes 
 
 Longstreet, Lafayette McLaws, and E. B. Tate, 
 Illinois — S. D. Atkins, Lyman Bridges, A. C. McClurg, E. A. Otis, John 
 
 M. Palmer, and P. S. Post, 
 Indiana— Joseph B. Dodge, W. Q. Gresham, J. J. Reynolds, M. S. Robin- 
 son, G. W. Steele, and J. T. Wilder, 
 Iowa — Prank Hatton, and W. P. Hepburn, 
 Kansas — John A. Martin, 
 Kentucky— C. D. Bailey, M. H. Cooper, R. M. Kelly, C. G. Kniffin, Joseph 
 
 H. Lewis, Alfred Pirtle, and W. J. Stone, 
 Louisiana — Randall S. Gibson, and Felix Robertson, 
 Michigan — H. M. DuflSeld, and A. W. Wilbur, 
 Minnesota— J. W. Bishop and R. W. Johnson, 
 Mississippi — Charles E. Hooker, J. Bright Morgan, Jacob M. Sharp, J. A. 
 
 Smith, and Edward C. Walthall, 
 Missouri — Joseph S. FuUerton, William Henry Hatch, Robert McCuUoch, 
 
 John S. Melton, and J. H. Wade, 
 New York— C. A. Dana and A. G. McCook, 
 North Carolina — William R. Cox, David H. Hill, Chas. W. McClammey, 
 
 and Matt. W. Ransom, 
 
158 The Battle of Chickamau&a. 
 
 Ohio — H. M, Cist, W, P. Goodspeed, Charles H. Grosvenor, P. P. Lane, 
 
 J. G. Mitchell, J. G. Taylor, and Perd. VanDerveer, 
 PENNSYlfVANiA — William J. Palmer, John Tweedale, and John G. Vale, 
 South Carolina — Ellison Copers and E. M. Law. 
 Tennessee— Frank C. Armstrong, William B. Bate, John C. Brown, S. B. 
 
 Moe, Adolph S. Ochs, Lucius E. Polk, Alexander P. Stewart, Gates P. 
 
 Thruston, and Lucius J. Wright, 
 Texas — C. B. Kilgore, Roger Q. Mills, and William B. Sayers, 
 Virginia — R. A. Brock, I. M. French, and George D. Wise, 
 Wisconsin — H. C. Hobart and John Mitchell, 
 United States Army— J. M. Brannan, H. C. Cushing, S. C. Kellogg, 
 
 Prank G. Smith, and Thomas J. Wood, respectfully show: 
 
 PiRST — That petitioners and all other persons who may be subscribers, 
 as hereinafter provided, to the funds devoted to the preservation of the 
 battle field of Chickamauga, in the County of Walker, and State of Geor- 
 gia, ex officio, and the Governors, ex officio, of such other States as had 
 troops engaged in the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, on the eighteenth, 
 nineteenth, and twentieth of September, 1863, and which may comply 
 with the terms of this charter, and the President and the Secretary of the 
 Society of the Army of the Cumberland, ex officio, and the President and 
 the Secretary of the Southern Historical Society of Virginia, ex officio, 
 and the Secretary of War of the United States; ex officio, and their suc- 
 cessors, be corporated and made a body corporate and politic, under the 
 name and style of The Chickamauga Memorial Association. 
 
 Second — The object of this corporation is not pecuniary gain to the 
 stockholders, but is to mark and preserve the battle field of Chickamauga, 
 on which were fought the actions of September eighteenth, nineteenth, 
 and twentieth. Anno Domini, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty- 
 three, together with the natural and artificial features, as they were at the 
 time of said battle, by such memorial stones, tablets, or monuments as a 
 generous people may aid to erect, to commemorate the valor displayed by 
 American soldiers on that field. 
 
 Third — The particular business of said Association, in order to accom- 
 plish its objects, and for which they desire the powers hereinafter applied 
 for, is to have the power to take and to hold, by purchase, lease, devise, 
 grant, or gift, such real and personal property and effects, and all such 
 portions of said battle field, as may be necessary or convenient, to promote 
 and accomplish the objects of its incorporation, and upon its own grounds 
 thus acquired, and upon private grounds, with the permission of such 
 owners as continue to hold any portion of such field, to enclose and per- 
 petuate such grounds, to keep them in repair and a state of preservation, 
 to construct and maintain ways and roads, to improve and ornament the 
 
 § rounds, and to erect and promote the erection, by the Association and 
 y voluntary contributions, of suitable monuments and tablets. 
 
 Fourth — Petitioners desire that the property and affairs of said 
 corporation shall be managed by a board of twenty-eight directors, with a 
 secretary and treasurer, and such other officers as they desire, all of whom 
 shall be selected from the subscribers who may be members of such cor- 
 poration, by a majority of the votes cast, eath subscriber who is a member 
 of said corporation to be entitled to a single vote, either in person or by 
 proxy. They desire that said officers shall serve for a term of four years, 
 or until their successors are elected, and that the first election shall be 
 held upon said property of said corporation by those entitled to vote, and 
 that subsequent elections shall be held each four years thereafter during 
 the existence of this charter, at such time and place as the Directors may 
 appoint. 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 159 
 
 Fifth — They desire that said corporation shall have the power to issue 
 certificates of membership to all persons who shall desire the same who 
 shall subscribe one or more shares to the said memorial fund of said cor- 
 poration, the amount of a single share to be fixed by the Board of Direc- 
 tors, and not to exceed five dollars, and all subscribers, upon payment and 
 receipt of such certificate, shall be entitled to vote at all elections of said 
 corporation. 
 
 Sixth — They desire that the President, Directors, and Treasurer shall 
 make reports on the day of each election, to be presented to the members, 
 and read and published, which shall be duly certified ; and shall exhibit, 
 fully and accurately, the receipts, expenses, and expenditures of said cor- 
 poration. 
 
 Seventh — Petitioners desire to be incorporated for the term of 
 twenty years, with the privilege of renewal as often as the same can be 
 done under the laws. They desire the corporation to have the power of 
 suing and being sued, and to have and use a common seal, andT to have 
 succession, and to make such by-laws as it wishes binding on its own 
 members, not inconsistent with the laws of this State, or of the United 
 States, and to alter, amend and rescind the same at pleasure, and to have 
 the power, as aforesaid, to receive, rent, lease, purchase,hold, acquire and 
 operate, in any way that a natural person might acquire and operate the 
 same, such real and personal property of all kinds as may be necessary for 
 the legitimate purposes of said corporation. Petitioners do not desire to 
 have any capital stock, or to declare any dividends, as said corporation is 
 not organized for pecuniary or personal gain. 
 
 Eighth — Petitioners desire that the chief office and place of business 
 of said corporation, and the place of holding its annual meetings, shall be 
 upon the grounds of said corporation, in the State of Georgia, and County 
 of Walker, and that it have power, also, to establish and remove branch 
 offices at such other place or places within the United States, as by a vote 
 of its directors may be deemed of benefit to said corporation. 
 
 Ninth — Petitioners pray that they may be made a body coiijorate and 
 politic, under the name as aforesaid, and with all the powers and privileges 
 as aforesaid, that this petition may be recorded by the Clerk of the 
 Superior Court of said County of Walker, and that the same may be pub- 
 lished in the Walker County Messenger, a public gazette, publishing the 
 SherifFs sales of said county, once a week for one month, and that after- 
 ward the Court will pass an order declaring said application granted, and 
 petitioners will ever pray, etc. Julius L. Brown. 
 
 Petitioners* Attorney. 
 Filed in office August 20th, 18S9. 
 
 R. N. DiCKERSON, 
 Clerk Superior Court, tValker Comity, Georgia. 
 
 The petition of William H. Forney, Joseph Wheeler, H. V. Boynton, 
 W. S. Rosecrans, Alfred H. Colquitt, James Longstreet, Lafayette McLawo, 
 C. A. Dana, H. M. Cist, and others named in the petition, praying to be 
 incorporated under the name and style of The Chickamauga Memorial 
 Association, came on to be heard in open Court, and upon consideration 
 thereof, and being satisfied that the same has been duly advertised, and 
 that the law has been complied with, and no objections having been filed 
 thereto, and being further satisfied that the objects of said petition are 
 proper, and come within the purview and intention of the code and laws ■ 
 of this State, it is ordered by the Court that said petition be granted, and 
 that said petitioners and their successors and assigns.be incprpoyated for 
 and during the term of twenty years, with the privilege of renewal at the 
 
160 The Batti^e of Chickamauga. 
 
 expiration of that time, under the laws, and that said corporation have all 
 the rights, powers and privileges as prayed for. 
 In open Court this 4th day of December, 1889. 
 
 Julius L. Brown, 
 
 By the Court, Petitioners' Attorney. 
 
 John W. Maddox, J. S. C. R. C. 
 
 Statb of Georgia,"! 
 Wai,ker County, j 
 
 I, R. N. Dickerson, Clerk of the Superior Court of said county, do 
 hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true and correct copy of 
 the petition and order incorporating The Chickamauga Memorial Asso- 
 ciation, as the same appears of entry in the minutes of said Court and of 
 file in this office. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal of office this 1st day of March, 1890. 
 
 R. N. Dickerson, 
 
 OerA Superior Courts IVaiker County^ Georgia, 
 
 I had the honor to introduce into the Fifty-first Congress a bill 
 to establish a National Military Park at the battle field of Chick- 
 amauga ; and that bill, drafted by Gen. Bojmton, was in further- 
 ance of the Chickamauga Memorial Park Association, which I 
 have heretofore referred to. The bill is in the words following: 
 
 AN ACT 
 To establish a national military park at the battle field of Chickamauga. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Uni- 
 ted States of America in Congress assembled. That for the purpose of 
 preserving and suitably marking for historical and professional military 
 study the fields of some of the most remarkable maneuvers and most 
 brilliant fighting in the War of the Rebellion, and upon the ceding of 
 jurisdiction to the United States by the States of Tennessee and Georgia, 
 respectively, and the report of the Attorney General of the United States 
 that the title to the lands thus ceded is perfect,' the following-described 
 highways in those States are hereby declared to be approaches to and 
 parts of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, as 
 established by the second section of this act, to wit: First — The Missionary 
 Ridge Crest road from Sherman Heights at the north end of Missionary 
 Ridge, in Tennessee, where the said road enters upon the ground occupied 
 by the Army of the Tennessee under Maj.-Gen. William T. Sherman, in the 
 military operations of November twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth, eighteen 
 hundred and sixty-three; thence, along said road through the positions 
 occupied by the army of Gen. Braxton Bragg on November twenty-fifth, 
 eighteen hundred and sixty-three, and which were assaulted by the Army 
 of the Cumberland under Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas on that date, to 
 where the said road crosses the southern boundary of the State of Ten- 
 nessee, near Rossville Gap, Georgia, upon the ground occupied by the 
 troops of Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, from the Army of the Potomac, and 
 thence in the State of Georgia to the junction of said road with the Chat- 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 161 
 
 tanooga aud Lafayette or State Road at Rossville Gap. Second — The 
 Lafayette or State road from Rossville, Georgia, to Lee and Gordon's mill, 
 Georgia. Third — The road from Lee and Gordon's mill, Georgia, to 
 Crawiish Spring, Georgia. Fourth — The road from Crawfish Spring, 
 Georgia, to the crossing of the Chickamauga at Glass' mill, Geor- 
 gia. Fifth— The Dry Valley road from Rossville, Georgia, to the south- 
 ern limits of McFarland's Gap in Missionary Ridge. Sixth — The 
 Dry Valley and Crawfish Spring road from McFarland's Gap to the 
 intersection of the road from Crawfish Spring to Lee and Gordon's mill. 
 Seventh — The road from Ringgold, Georgia, to Reed's bridge on the 
 Chickamauga River. Eighth — The roads from the crossing of Lookout 
 Creek across the northern slope of Lookout Mountain, and thence to the 
 old Summertown road and to the valley on the east slope of said moun- 
 tain, and thence by the route of Gen. Joseph Hooker's troops to Rossville, 
 Georgia ; and each and all of these herein-described rpads shall, after the 
 passage of this act, remain open as free public highways, and all rights of 
 way now existing through the grounds of the said park and its approaches 
 shall be continued. 
 
 Sec. 2. That upon the ceding of jurisdiction by the Legislature of the 
 State of Georgia, and the report of the Attorney-General of the United 
 States that a perfect title has been secured under the provisions of the 
 act approved August first, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, entitled 
 "An act to authorize condemnation of land for sites of public buildings, 
 and for other purposes," the lands and roads embraced in the areabounded 
 as herein described, together with the roads described in Section i of this 
 act, are hereby declared to be a national park, to be known as the Chicka- 
 mauga and Chattanooga National Park ; that is to say, the area inclosed 
 by a line beginning on the Lafayette or State Road, in Georgia, at a point 
 where the bottom of the ravine next north of the house known on the 
 field of Chickamauga as the Cloud House, and bein^ about six hundred 
 yards north of said house, due east to the Chickamauga River, and due 
 west to the intersection of the Dry Valley Road at McFarland's Gap ; 
 thence, along the west side of the Dry Valley and Crawfish Spring roads 
 to the south side of the road from Crawfish Spring to Lee and Gordon's 
 mill; thence, along the south side of the last-named road to Lee and Gor- 
 don's mill; thence, along the channel of the Chickamauga River to the line 
 forming the northern boundary of the park, as hereinbefore described, 
 containing seven thousand six hundred acres, more or less. 
 
 Sec. 3. That the said Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park, 
 and the approaches thereto, shall be under the control of the Secretary 
 of War, and it shall be his duty, immediately after the passage of this act, 
 to notify the Attorney General of the purpose of the United States to 
 acquire title to the roads and lands described in the previous sections of 
 this act under the provisions of the act of August first, eighteen hundred 
 and eighty-eight ; and the said Secretary, upon receiving notice from the 
 Attorney-General of the United States that perfect titles have been secured 
 to the said lands and roads, shall at once proceed to establish and substan- 
 tially mark the boundaries of the said park. 
 
 Sec. 4. That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to enter into 
 agreements, upon such nominal terms as he may prescribe, with such 
 preseijit owners of the land as may desire to remain upon it, to occupy and 
 cultivate their present holdings, upon condition that they will preserve 
 the present buildings and roads, and the present outlines if field and for- 
 est, and that they will only cut trees or underbrush under such regulations 
 as the Secretary may prescribe, and that they will assist in caring for and 
 protecting all tablets, monuments, or such other artificial works as may, 
 from time to time, be erected by proper authority. 
 
162 Thb Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 Sbc. 5. That the affairs of the Chi6kamau^a and Chattanooga National 
 Park shall, subject to the supervision and direction of the Secretary of 
 War, be in charge of three commissioners, each of whom shall have ac- 
 tively participated in the battle of Chickamauga, or one of the battles about 
 Chattanooga, two to be appointed from civil life by the Secretary of War, 
 and a third, who shall be detailed by the Secretary of War from among 
 those ofl&cers of the Army best acquainted with the details of the battles 
 of Chickamauga and Chattanooga, who shall act as Secretary of the com- 
 mission. The said commissioners and Secretary shall have an office in 
 the War Department building, and while on actual duty shall be paid such 
 compensation, out of the appropriation providijd in this act, as Uie Secre- 
 tary of War shall deem reasonable and just. 
 
 Sec. 6. That it shall be the duty of the commissioners named in the 
 preceding section, under the direction of the Secretary of War, to super- 
 intend the opening- of such roads as may be necessary to the purposes of 
 the park, and the repair of the roads of the same, and to ascertain and 
 definitely mark the lines of battle of all troops engaged in the battles of 
 Chickamauga and Chattanooga, so far as the same shall fall within the 
 lines of the park as defined in the previous sections of this act, and, for the 
 purpose of assisting them in their duties and ascertaining these lines, the 
 Secretary of War shall have authority to employ, at such compensation 
 as he may deem reasonable and just, to be paid out of the appropriation 
 made by this act, some person recognized as well informed in regard to 
 the details of the battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga, and who shall 
 have actively participated in one of those battles, and it shall be the duty 
 of the Secretary of War, from and after the passage of this act, through 
 the commissioners, and their assistant in historical work, and under the 
 act approved August first, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, regulating 
 the condemnation of land for public uses, to proceed with the prelim- 
 inary work of establishing the park and its approaches, as the same are 
 defined in this act, and the expenses thus incurred shall be paid out of the 
 appropriation provided by this act. 
 
 Sec. 7. That it shall be the duty of the commissioners, acting under 
 the direction of the Secretary of War, to ascertain and substantially mark 
 the locations of the regular troops, both infantry and artillery, within the 
 boundaries of the park, and to erect monuments upon those positions as 
 Congress may provide the necessary appropriations ; and the Secretary of 
 War in the same way may ascertain and mark all lines of battle within the 
 boundaries of the park, and erect plain and substantial historical tablets 
 at such points in the vicinity of the park and its approachesas he may 
 deem fitting and necessary to clearly designate positions and movements, 
 which, although without the limits of the Park, were directly connected 
 with the battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga. 
 
 Sec. 8. That it shall be lawful for the authorities of any State having 
 troops engaged either at Chattanooga or Chickamauga, and for the officers 
 and directors of the Chickamauga Memorial Association, a corporation 
 chartered under the laws of Georgia, to enter upon the lands and ap- 
 proaches of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park for the pur- 
 poses of ascertaining and marking the lines of battle of troops engaged 
 therein : Provided, That before any such lines are permanently designated 
 the position of the lines and the proposed methods of marking them by 
 monuments, tablets, or otherwise, shall be submitted to the Secretary of 
 War, and shall first receive the written approval of the Secretary, which 
 approval shall be based upon formal written reports, which must be made 
 to him in each case by the commissioners of the park. 
 
 Sec. 9. That the Secretary of War, subject to the approval of the 
 President of the United States, shall have the power to make, and shall 
 
Dedication of thp Ohio Monuments. 163 
 
 make, all needed regulations for the care of the park and for the estab- 
 lishment and marking of the lines of battle and other historical features 
 of the park. 
 
 Sec. 10. That if any person shall ■willfully destroy, mutilate, deface, 
 injure, or remove any monument, column, statues, memorial structure, 
 or work of art, that shall be erected or placed upon the grounds of the 
 park by lawful authority, or shall willfully destroy or remove any fence, 
 railing, iuclosure, or other work for the protection or ornament of said 
 park, or any portion thereof, or shall willfully destroy, cut, hack, bark, 
 break down, or otherwise injure any tree or bush, or shrubbery, that may 
 be growing upon said park, or shall cut down or fell or remove any timber, 
 battle relic, tree or trees growing or being upon such park, except by per- 
 mission of the Secretary of War, or shall willfully remove or destroy any 
 breast-works, earth-works, walls, or other defenses or shelter, or any part 
 thereof, constructed by the armies formerly engaged in the battles on the 
 lands or approaches to th^ park, any person so offending and found guilty 
 thereof, before any justice of the peace of the county,in which the offense 
 may be committed, shall for each and every such offense forfeit and pay a 
 fine, in the discretion of the justice, according to the aggravation of the 
 offense, of not less than five nor more than fifty dollars, one-half to the 
 use of the park and the other half to the informer, to be enforced and 
 recovered, before such justice, in like manner as debts of like nature are 
 now by law recoverable in the several counties where the offense may be 
 committed. 
 
 Sec. II. That to enable the Secretary of War to begin to carry out the 
 purposes of this act, including the condemnation and purchase of the 
 necessary land, marking the boundaries of the park, opening or repairing 
 necessary roads, maps and surveys, and the pay and expenses of the 
 commissioners and their assistant, the sum of f 125,000, or such portion 
 thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in 
 the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and disbursements under this 
 act shall require the approval of the Secretary of War, and he shall make 
 annual report of the same to Congress. 
 
 Approved, August 19, 1890. 
 
 The bill was House Bill No. 6454. In the ordinary progress 
 of business the bill went to the Committee on Military Affairs, 
 and was reported back by House Report No. 643, which is in 
 the following language : 
 
 House Report No. 643, Fifty-First Congress, 
 First Session. 
 
 March 5, 1890. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on 
 the state of the Union, and ordered to be printed. 
 
 Mr. IvAnsing, from tpie Committee on Military Affairs, 
 submitted the following 
 
 REPORT: 
 
 fTo Accompany biU H. R. 6454.] 
 The Committes on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (H. 
 R. 6454) to establish a National Military Park at the battle field of Chick- 
 
164 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 amauga, having had the same under consideration, respectfully report the 
 same with an amendment, and recommend that the bill as amended do 
 pass. 
 
 The bill under consideration establishes as a national military park 
 the approaches which overlook, aud the ground upon which occurred, 
 some of the most remarkable tactical movements and the deadliest fight- 
 ing of the War of the Rebellion, namely, the fields of Chickamauga and 
 Chattanooga. 
 
 The preservation for national study of the lines of decisive battles, 
 especially when the tactical movements were unusual both in numbers 
 and military ability, and when the fields embraced great natural difficul- 
 ties, may properly be regarded as a matter of national importance. 
 
 This your committee understands to be the underlying idea of that 
 noted organization of Union soldiers, the Society of the Army of the 
 Cumberland, with whom the pending project originated. Interested with 
 them, and supporting them in the movement, we find leading representa- 
 tives of all the Eastern and of all the Western armies ; and for this we 
 find ready explanation in the fact that all the armies and nearly every 
 State of the North, and each State of the South, had troops on one or 
 both these fields. 
 
 The proposition to mark the lines of both sides is held to be 
 absolutely necessary to a clear understanding of the fields and to the 
 sufficient illustration of the persistent, stubborn, and deadly fighting of 
 American soldiers, which made the field of Chickamauga for both sides, 
 as the statistics show, one of the bloodiest, if not the bloodiest, battle 
 field for the numbers engaged and the time of their fighting of any of the 
 great battles of the modern world, from the days of the first Napoleon to 
 the close of the war for the Union. 
 
 The corresponding field for eastern operations is Gettysburg, where 
 every State in the Union is interested, and the necessity of marking both 
 lines to au intelligent study of the field has been recognized in a proposi- 
 tion before this Congress to provide for marking the Confederate lines 
 upon that noted field. 
 
 The proposed Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park consists 
 of two features — the approaches and the park proper. It is expected that 
 title to the former will be obtained by the United States, without cost, 
 through cession of jurisdiction by the States of Tennessee and Georgia, 
 respectively, of the public roads now in existence, and which it is 
 proposed to utilize as approaches to the park. No appropriation is, 
 therefore, made for their purchase, and informal assurances have been 
 given for their prompt cession to the United States. 
 
 The battle field of Chickamauga proper forms the body of the park. 
 As described in the bill, it embraces about 7,600 acres. It is proposed to 
 obtain title to this by condemnation under the general act. In order that 
 no resident on the tract may feel himself driven from home or from his 
 possessions, it is provided that the Secretary of War may arrange with all 
 who desire to remain to lease their lands at a nominal rent, the conditions 
 on their side being that they will aid in the care of the grounds, and in 
 preserving all the natural features of the field as they now exist. 
 
 The approaches to the field form most important adjuncts of the pro- 
 posed national park. The approach from Chattanooga begins at or near 
 Sherman Heights, at the north end of Missionary Ridge. This is the 
 battle field of the Army of the Tennessee, under Gen. W. T. Sherman, 
 during the operations about Chattanooga, November 23d, 24th and 25th, 
 1863. From this point this approach runs along the crest of Missionary 
 Ridge to Rossville Gap. Throughout its whole length it overlooks the 
 battle field of Gen. Hooker's troops, from the Army of the Potomac on 
 Lookout Mountain, aud terminates where these troops, after the battle 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 165 
 
 on the mountain, reached and crossed Missionary Ridge. This approach 
 also overlooks the ground of the first day's operations about Orchard 
 Knob, and coincides throughout its length with the lines of Gen. 
 Bragg's army, and thus passes along the entire front of the famous 
 assault of the Army of the Cumberland, under Gen. Thomas, upon Mis- 
 sionary Ridge. 
 
 The continuation of this first-described approach is the I,aFayette or 
 State road from Rossville, Ga., passing through the center of the battle 
 field of Chickamauga, and being the axis and the prize of the fight, to 
 Lee and Gordon's mill on the Chickamauga River, which was opposite 
 the center of the Confederate Army at the opening of the battle, and 
 thence to Crawfish Spring, the point from which the Union Army 
 advanced to the battle, and thence to Glass' Mill, on the Chickamauga, 
 the left of the Confederate line of battle. The third approach is the road 
 from the junction of the first two at Rossville, Ga., along the northern 
 foot of Missionary Ridge, to McFarland's Gap, being the road over which 
 the Union Army advanced to Chattanooga after the battle, and forming the 
 entrance to the northern portion of the proposed park. These are all 
 roads which, for the most part, like those of the battle field itself, have a 
 stony or flinty foundation, and which require comparatively little care, and 
 all of them are to be obtained without cost to the United States. 
 
 The following are the lengths of the approaches and roads thus to be 
 ceded to the Uniied States without cost : 
 
 Miles 
 
 Sherman Heights to Rossville .6 
 
 Rossville to Lee and Gordon's, 7 
 
 Rossville to McFarland's Gap, 2 
 
 McFarland's Gap to Crawfish-Spring road, 6 
 
 Lee and Gordon's Mill to Crawfish Spring, . . 2 
 Crawfish Spring to Glass' Mills 2 
 
 Total 25 
 
 The purpose is to maintain the body of the park, which embraces the 
 field of Chickamauga, as near as may be in its present condition as to 
 roads, fields, forests, and houses. There have been scarcely any changes 
 in those respects since the battle, except in the growth of underbrush and 
 timber. Almost the only work of any consequence in the restoration of 
 the entire field to its condition at the time of the battle will be the cut- 
 ting away of underbrush over a vei-y limited area. 
 
 The roads, as they now exist, are the same as were used in the battle, 
 and very little road construction will hereafter be necessary to give access 
 to every point of interest on the field. When, therefore, once established, 
 the cost of the care of the park and its approaches will be very small. 
 
 The area which it is proposed to acquire for the park by condemnation 
 contains, as near as may be, 7,600 acres. The land is largely forest and 
 ridge land, though there is considerable good farming land in the tract. 
 The average cost of the whole can not, with all improvements, exceed 
 $20 an acre. The sum appropriated by the bill, which is $250,000,* will be 
 ample for the complete establishment of the park, including preliminary 
 surveys, fixing its boundaries, surfacing its roads, and ascertaining the 
 military positions. 
 
 The purpose is to have each State which had troops engaged on the 
 field provide the monuments for marking the positions of the troops, after 
 the general plan heretofore pursued at Gettysburg by the Gettysburg 
 Battle Field Memorial Association. This work will be performed at 
 
 ''Reduced to and passed at !125,000. 
 
166 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 Chickamauga and Chattanooga by the Chickamauga Memorial Associa- 
 tion, acting under the supervision of the Secretary of War. This latter 
 association is incorjjorated under the laws of Georgia. Its charter 
 specially states that it will not issue stock, and that its objects are not 
 pecuniary gain. Its incorporators number one hundred, half of them ex- 
 Union veterans of prominence in the battle, and the other half ex-Con- 
 federate soldiers of equal prominence on their side. 
 
 The sole expense to the United States for monuments will be those for 
 marking the positions of the regular regimeuts and batteries, being only 
 sixteen in number for both fields. 
 
 The approaches to the park which traverse Missionary Ridge can be 
 cheaply aud quickly reached from Chattanooga by four turnpikes, aud by 
 steam aud electric railroads, upou which the fare is five cents. The 
 Chickamauga field caii be reached by railroad in fifteen minutes from 
 Chattanooga, this road traversing the whole field from McFarland's Gap to 
 Crawfish Spring. Two other railroads will add facilities' for reaching 
 other portions of the park as soon as its establishment is secured. 
 
 Your committee finds the interest in this project widespread. To 
 such an extent is this true that it may properly be called national. The 
 recent demands for the new maps of Chickamauga, from every section 
 of the Union, illustrate this fact. The Union armies of the Tennessee, 
 the Cumberland, and the Potomac, under Gens. Sherman, • Rosecrans, 
 Thomas and Hooker, all finally united under Gen. Grant, are equally 
 interested in preserving the lines of this extended and notable battle 
 ground. 
 
 On the Confederate side the armies of the Tennessee, of Northern 
 Virginia through Gen. Longstreet's corps, of the Mississippi through 
 Gen. Johnston's troops, and Gen. Buckner's army from East Tennessee, 
 were all engaged. 
 
 The Regular army had nine regiments and seven batteries on these 
 fields, while the following eighteen States had troops in the Union Army 
 engaged in these movements : Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 
 York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, 
 Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and 
 Tennessee. Every Confederate State had troops on these fields, while 
 Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee contributed numerously to both 
 armies. 
 
 As already stated, the figures show Chickamauga to rank, for the num- 
 bers engaged, and the time of their fighting, among the most noted battles 
 of the modern world. 
 
 Wellington lost 12 per cent at Waterloo; Napoleon 14^ per cent at 
 Austerlitz and 14 per cent at Marengo. The average losses of both armies 
 at Magenta and Solferino, in 1859, was less than 9 per cent. At Koniggratz, 
 in 186t), it was G per cent. At Worth, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, and Sedan, 
 in 1870, the average loss was 12 per cent. 
 
 The marvel of German fighting in the Franco-Prussian war was by the 
 Third Westphalian Infantry at Mars-la-Tour. It took 3,000 men into 
 action, and lost 40.4 per cent. Next to this record was that of the Garde- 
 Schiitzen battalion, 1,000 strong, at Metz, which lost 46.1 per cent. There 
 were several brigades on each side at Chickamauga, and very many regfi- 
 ments, whose losses exceeded these figures for Mars-la-Tour and Metz. 
 
 The average losses on each side forthe troops which fought through 
 the two days were fully 33 per cent, while for many portions of each line 
 the losses reached 50 per cent, and for some even 75 per cent. 
 
 A field as renowned as this for the stubborness and brilliancy of its 
 fighting, not only in our own war, but when compared with all modern 
 wars, has an importance to the nation as an object lesson of what is 
 possible in American fighting, and the national value of the preserva- 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 167 
 
 tion of such lines for historical and professional study must be apparent 
 to all reflecting minds. The political questions which were involved in 
 the contest do not enter into this view of the subject, nor do they belong 
 to it. The proposition for establishing the park is in all its aspects a 
 purely military project. 
 
 The Eastern armies have already the noted field of Gettysburg upon 
 which to ifaark and preserve the history of their movements and their re- 
 nowned fighting. To this the Government has already made liberal ap- 
 propriations to mark the positions of the regular forces there engaged, 
 and for other purposes. 
 
 It seems fitting that the Western armies should select a field, and be 
 assisted in preserving it by the General Government. It is easy to see, 
 from the facts presented, that there is no other field upon which all the 
 armies were as fully represented. There is probably no other in the world 
 which presents more formidable natural obstacles to great military oper- 
 ations than the slopes of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, while, 
 as shown, there is no field that surpasses Chickamauga in the deadliness 
 and persistence of its fighting. 
 
 The tactical movement's were numerous and brilliant on each field, 
 and-mauy of them remarkable. Indeed, both are as noted in this respect 
 as in the character of the fighting. 
 
 There were present upon one or the other, and in the case of most, 
 upon both fields. Grant, Sherman, Thomas, Rosecrans, Hooker, Sheridan, 
 and Granger, of the Union Army, and Bragg, Longstreet, Hood, Hardee, 
 Buckner, Polk, D. H. Hill, Wheeler, Forrest, and Johnson of the Confed- 
 erate forces. The preservation of these fields will preserve to the nation, 
 for historical and military study, the best efforts which these noted officers, 
 commanding American veterans, were able to put forth. 
 
 The two together form one of the most valuable object lessons in the 
 art of war, and one which, looking solely to the interests of the public, 
 may properly be preserved. 
 
 Your committee, therefore, recommend the passage of the bill, with 
 the amendment on page 6, which is inserted for the purpose of enabling 
 the Secretary of War to take advantage of the whole of the coming season 
 in expediting the establishment of the park, it having been made to 
 appear to your Committee that much preliminary work can be done while 
 awaiting the process of condemning the land and the action of the State 
 Legisatures in ceding jurisdiction. The accompanying map shows the 
 outlines of the proposed park and the location of the approaches. 
 
 The magnitude of the great battle of Chickataauga is graph- 
 ically illustrated in this report. The bill having passed the 
 House, went to the Senate, and the Committee on Military 
 Affairs of the Senate adopted the House Report, and the bill 
 passed and became a law. 
 
 Subsequent legislation has been had — one item of an appro- 
 priation bill providing for the condemnation of the land of Chick- 
 amauga Park, where it was found impossible to agree with the 
 owners thereof; and in the Fifty-second Congress the Sundry 
 Civil Appropriation Bill provided for the purchase of Orchard 
 Knob, Sherman Earthworks, and sites for observation towers 
 on the outlying places, and Bragg's Headquarters Park, on 
 
168 The Battlb of Chickamauga. 
 
 Missionary Ridge. And in the second session of the same 
 Congress, by the Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill, authority was 
 given for the purchase of the north end of Missionary Ridge and 
 sites in the vicinity of Glass' mill. In the third session of the 
 Fifty-third Congress authority was given for the erection of 
 memorial gates, and the purchase of sites for monuments ; and 
 later on, by an Act approved December 15th, 1894, provision was 
 made for the dedication of Chickamauga and Chattanooga 
 National Park, and providing funds for the expenses of the War 
 Department at the same. 
 
 Following the legislation by Congress came an Act of the 
 Ohio lyCgislature, authorizing the appointment, by the Governor 
 of "Ohio, then Governor James E. Campbell, of a Commission to 
 purchase and erect monuments for the Ohio organizations which 
 participated in the battle of Chitkamauga. The statute was 
 passed May 4th, 1891. 
 
 Pursuant to that authority Governor Campbell appointed the 
 following Board of Commissioners : 
 
 Gen. John Beatty, Gen. Ferdinand Van Derveer, Gen. Charles 
 H. Grosvenor, Gen. Aquila Wiley, Capt. J. C. McElroy, Hon. 
 John S. Gill, Hon. Andrew Jackson, Mr. Frederick- Wendel. 
 
 The Board organized by the election of Gen. Beatty as presi- 
 dent, and that distinguished officer has served in that capacity 
 during the entire life of the Association. Gen. Van Derveer 
 died, and the Governor of Ohio appointed to the vacancy Col. 
 James Watson. 
 
 It is not my purpose to turn aside at this point to pronounce 
 fitting eulogy upon the distinguished member of the Commission 
 who fell in the discharge of his duty. He was one of nature's 
 noblemen ; an accomplished soldier, brave in battle, gentle as a 
 child in civil life. He was beloved by all his brothers of the 
 Commission, and the tear of sincere regret has moistened many 
 an eye since his untimely death. In another place, and under 
 more fitting conditions doubtless, full justice will be done to the 
 memory of this gallant officer. 
 
 This is the extent to which, in my judgment, the part allotted to 
 me extends. How well the work of the Ohio Commission has been 
 accomplished, and with what unswerving fidelity and economy the 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monuments. 169 
 
 appropriation has been expended, will be demonstrated and better 
 illustrated by the reports of the Secretary and financial oflScer, 
 ■which are to follow me. In the discharge of its duties the Com- 
 mission has been jealous of the fame of Ohio, and just in appreci- 
 ating the fame of all the other States. And here let me conclude 
 that it is the fond hope of the Ohio Commission that these monu- 
 ments, erected upon this great battle field, shall be instrumental, 
 in some degree, in vindicating the language of Abraham I/incoln, 
 who said : 
 
 " The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle 
 field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearth-stone all 
 over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when 
 again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our 
 nature." [Applause.] 
 
 Gen. Beatty: 
 
 Fellow Citizens — During the years 1890 and 1891 James E. 
 Campbell was the Governor of Ohio. Under his admirable ad- 
 ministration of State affairs, and with his active co-operation and 
 encouragement, the General Assembly of Ohio made the prelim- 
 inary provision for the erection of monuments on this battle field. 
 Governor Campbell's record in the Navy, and his sympathetic 
 interest in all that concerns the soldier, have rendered him de- 
 servedly popular among soldiers; [Applause] while the high 
 positions to which he has been advanced in civil life, and the 
 great ability displayed by him in the discharge of public duties, 
 bave made his name familiar to the people of the whole country. 
 I have the honor to present him to you. [Applause.] 
 
 speech of ex-governor campbei<i.. 
 
 Mr. President and Fellow Citizens: 
 
 The message sent by the Governor of Ohio to the General 
 Assembly, asking for the creation of the Chickamauga Battle 
 Field Commission, contained these words : 
 
 " Ohio is especially interested in this project. The commander 
 of the Union Army at Ohickamauga, and his chief of staff, were 
 from Ohio. Of the thirteen divisions engaged, five were com- 
 
170 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 manded by Ohio officers. Thirty-one brigades of infantry and 
 five of cavalry took part in the battle, twelve of which were com- 
 manded by Ohio soldiers. Of the thirty-six batteries, ten were 
 from Ohio. The total number of Union regiments engaged was 
 158, and of these forty-four were furnished by Ohio." [Applause.] 
 
 More than fifty Ohio monuments now dotting this landscape 
 bear abundant witness that he might truthfully have added that 
 ' Chickamauga was, essentially and supremely, an Ohio battle.' 
 In due time the Commission was appointed. Every man upon 
 it shared in the dangers and glories of the battle fought here 
 thirty-two years ago ; and the labor of each upon that Commis- 
 sion has been a commingling of duty, love, and patriotism. Some 
 of them wore the humble blouse of the private, and others the 
 glittering stars of the general, but each alike is entitled to the 
 gratitude and respect of his countrymen now, and of posterity 
 forever. [Applause.] 
 
 That Commission has done its work well. Nothing has 
 marred its career, save alone the death of one of its most honored 
 members. It is fitting that we pause here a moment to pay a 
 deserved tribute to his memory. 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Ferdinand Van Derveer was born at Middletown, 
 O., in 1823 ; and entered the volunteer service of his country in 
 May, 1846, as a private in the First Ohio Infantry, then organ- 
 izing for the Mexican war. Within five months he had risen to 
 be a captain. His company led one of the assaults at Mon- 
 terey, and he himself was conspicuous for his bravery. At the 
 close of that war he was elected sheriff of Butler County, Ohio, 
 and subsequently practiced law until the outbreak of the 
 rebellion. In the Summer of 1861 he recruited the 35th Ohio 
 Infantry, but was early promoted to the command of a brigade 
 which had been originally organized by Gen. George H. Thomas, 
 and which was always dear to his heart, and near to his person in 
 battle. [Applause.] 
 
 The career of Ferdinand Van Derveer, as the commander of 
 that brigade, is inextricably interwoven with the glories and 
 triumphs of the Army of the Cumberland. He continually rose 
 in fame, until at last came those two days here — the bloodiest of 
 that bloody war. Upon the first day Van Derveer's brigade, 
 after hours of hard fighting, successfully repulsed three attacks 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 171 
 
 of Hood's division. On the second day they went into action 
 early, and fought desperately in an unprotected position. The 
 details need not be gone into here ; they will be sufficiently pre- 
 served for posterity by the addresses this day made at the various 
 regimental reunions; but the generalship, the nerve, the cool- 
 ness, and foresight of Van Derveer were never better shown 
 than just before the line broke upon that second day. I^ater in 
 the day the brigade was with Thomas, holding that ridge which 
 made him immortal as ' The Rock of Chickamauga.' 
 
 The historian, reciting the gallant deeds done here by Van 
 Derveer and his men, closes the account with these words: 
 ' These were the last shots fired on the battle field of Chicka- 
 mauga by friend or foe.' All honor to the man who was the last 
 to leave, although ever the first to come. [Applause.] While a 
 member of this Battle Field Commission from Ohio, and when 
 sitting upon the Common Pleas bench in his native county, he 
 passed away to the higher court above. I,et it be said of him, as 
 was said of Sir I,auncelot of old : ' There thou liest, that were never 
 matched of none earthly knight's hand; and thou were the 
 courtliest knight that ever bear shield * * * and thou were the 
 goodliest person that ever came among press of knights * * * 
 and thou were the sternest knight to thy mortal foe that ever put 
 spear in rest.' [Applause.] 
 
 So much for one of the thousands of gallant men who here 
 won imperishable fame. Time does not permit the deserved 
 eulogy which might well be passed upon the others, and yet it 
 would be time gratefully spent, for no theme so moves the human 
 heart as that of siege and battle. Civilized man can not recall 
 the time when the stirring tales of war were not told and retold. 
 In the rude days of tradition, legends of martial lore, rehearsed 
 by patriarch or chanted by bard, captivated and incited the untu- 
 tored heart. Written history has preserved in more enduring 
 form the latter exploits of man; yet, its almost unvaried task 
 has been to embalm for posterity the chronicles of mortal combat. 
 On each of its pages are emblazoned the nodding plume and 
 fluttering banner. Each chapter depicts the shock of contending 
 armies. Each volume is but an epitome of war. We are prom- 
 ised in the great hereafter an era of universal peace; but, at the 
 close of the nineteenth century, the soldier is still enthroned as 
 
172 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 an unchallenged hero. [Applause.] Ballads recounting deeds of 
 arms are yet crooned over the cradle ; the drum, and trumpet 
 have not ceased to be the coveted toys of childhood ; youth is 
 thrilled by bewitching story of march and battle ; manhood pays 
 eager homage to military fame. 
 
 The Creator, in his flawless economy, wisely endowed his 
 image with this war-waging instinct. The wrath of man has 
 ever been the mighty engine whereby godless and barbarous 
 nations were leveled, one by one, and better civilization built 
 upon their ruins. Every prayer for the elevation of mankind has 
 been accompanied by sacrifice upon the deep-stained altar of 
 Mars. Every footstep in the weary march toward liberty has 
 left its imprint on blood-soaked earth. Thus it came to pass that 
 when Providence, watching over this chosen land, saw fit, at 
 His own proper time, to root up the fallacy of secession, and wipe 
 out the stain of slavery, the old beaten path was followed, and 
 the belligerent passion of man wrought the beneficent purpose 
 of God. [Applause.] The political sins of the people were 
 cleansed in a sea of blood, under whose turbulent waves were 
 engulfed the twin dangers which had menaced national unity and 
 perpetuity. 
 
 As we pause to let memory retrace this war, our souls are again 
 so stirred by the vivid picture of its opening scene, that speech 
 seems almost to desert us. Then followed the furious rush to 
 arms; the hasty equipment and hurried march; the harsh and 
 oft-repeated shock of battle ; the numbering and renumbering of 
 the people — like Israel of old — as they sent forth their fresh 
 thousands to refill the ghastly gaps which shot and shell had left; 
 until, after four long, tragic years. Death grew weary of His car- 
 nival, and the ill-omened flag, which typified a divided country, 
 went down forever drenched in the blood of its vanquished wor- 
 shipers. 
 
 One fresh from the touching scenes of peace and reunion 
 enacted last week in tl^e city of Louisville (altogether the most 
 beautiful episode in our history), can not forget that, in the por- 
 tion of our country where the palmetto and cypress tower in 
 luxuriant beauty, and the cane and cotton make the scarred earth 
 to smile again, there are other soldiers as brave as ours. 
 [Applause.] True it is that they did not read the inscription on 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 173 
 
 our side of the shield, but upon the other side — that side which 
 was turned toward them, and which alone they could see; true it 
 is, that reading thereon the false inscription, and believing it, they 
 fought for their beliefs with a courage and desperation not 
 excelled in human warfare [applause] ; but equally true it is that, 
 to-day, those same hearts beat with the most loyal and patriotic 
 impulses, however bitter may have been the sting of defeat. 
 Their valor and fortitude, when time shall have mingled the 
 blood of generations, will become a proud heritage for the com- 
 mon posterity of both sections. [Applause.] 
 
 The scene before us is a reminder that the hour of forgetful- 
 ness has come. Nature herself speaks to us in no uncertain 
 voice. During these bright days of peace she has covered the 
 lonely ramparts with hiding grasses. Over fields where thun- 
 dered the cannon's deadly roar, the turtle dove now cooes in soft 
 content. In the forests, where musketry rattled, the silence is 
 broken only by the wild bird's melodious madrigal. The rose 
 and violet exhale their incense, unmindful whether he over whose 
 head they sway wore the blue or the gray in those years so long 
 gone by. 
 
 As we stand, after thirty-two years, upon this field of civil war, 
 surrounded by the monuments of both armies, and amidst their 
 re-united survivors, we can freely rejoice that, at last, the wonder- 
 ful prophecy of Ezekiel has been fulfilled. Hearken to his sub- 
 lime, yet simple words ! 
 
 "The hand of the I/Ord was upon me, and carried me out in 
 the spirit of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of the valley, 
 which was full of bones; * * * and He said unto me, 'Son 
 of Man, can these bones live?' And I answered, ' O Lord God, 
 Thou knowest.' Again He said unto me, ' Prophesy upon these 
 bones, and say unto them, O, ye dry bones, hear the word of the 
 Lord.' Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones : ' Behold, I 
 will cause breath to enter into you, and ye shall live.' * * * 
 So I prophesied as he commanded, and the breath came into 
 them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet an exceeding 
 great army. * * * The word of the Lord came again unto 
 me, saying: 'Moreover, thou Son of Man, take thee one stick 
 and write upon it fo;: Judah, and for the children of Israel his 
 companions; then take another stick and write upon it for Joseph, 
 
174 The Batti.e of Chickamauga. 
 
 the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his com- 
 panions; and join them one to another into one stick, and they 
 shall become one in thine hand. * * * And I will make 
 them one nation in the land. * * * Moreover, I will make a 
 covenant of peace with them. It shall be an everlasting cove- 
 nant with them; and I will place them, and multiply them, and 
 will set my sanctuary in the midst of them forevermore.' " 
 [Great applause.] 
 
 Gen. Beatty: 
 
 Fellow Citizens — Judge John S. Gill, who, as a boy, had the 
 honor to be a private soldier in Mitchell's brigade, Steedman's 
 division, and the mischance to be severely wounded on Snodgrass 
 Ridge, will read you his report as Secretary of the Ohio Chicka- 
 mauga and Chattanooga National Park Commission. 
 
 report of judge john s. gii.i,, secretary. 
 
 Mr. President : 
 
 The State of Ohio had fifty-five organizations engaged at the 
 Battle of Chickamauga — forty-two regiments of infantry, three 
 regiments of cavalry, nine batteries, and one battalion of sharp- 
 shooters. 
 
 The General Assembly of Ohio, by act of date May 4th, 1891, 
 authorized the Governor to appoint a Commission, consisting of 
 eight ex-Union soldiers of the State, who participated in the bat- 
 tle, to select sites and erect suitable historic monuments and 
 tablets on the field of Chickamauga to organizations engaged 
 in the battle, and provided an appropriation to defray expenses. 
 His Excellency, Gov. James E. Campbell, on the 5th day of May, 
 1891, appointed on that Commission Gen. John Beatty, Gen. Ferdi- 
 nand Van Derveer, Gen. C. H. Grosvenor, Gen. Aquila Wiley, 
 Capt. J. C. McElroy of the 18th Ohio, J. S. Gill of the 121st Ohio, 
 Andrew Jackson of the 94th Ohio, and Frederick Wendel of the 
 9th Ohio. In December, 1892, his Excellency, Governor William 
 McKinley, appointed Col. James Watson, of the 40th Ohio, to fill 
 the vacancy caused by the death of Gen. Van Derveer. The Com- 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 175 
 
 mission organized by electing Gen. John Beatty, President; J. S. 
 Gill, Secretary; Capt. J. C. McElroy, Corresponding Secretary and 
 Treasurer ; and entered at once upon its trust. It made its first visit 
 to the field in November, 1891. The field was largely a dense forest ; 
 but with the aid of the official reports, maps, scarred trees, and traces 
 of breastworks, a part of the lines were easily determined. The 
 National Commission were present, and, with their assistance and 
 the recollection of citizens, the old roads and lines were in part 
 determined. Representatives of Ohio regiments, and of those of 
 other States North and South, aided materially in establishing 
 the lines on the entire field. 
 
 Ohio was the first State to take steps to establish the sites 
 where her troops were engaged. She had troops in every Union 
 division but one, and in nearly every Union brigade on the field, 
 and it was necessary to establish the lines on the whole field to 
 locate her own. Ohio troops were engaged from Reed's bridge 
 to I/ce and Gordon's mill, and extended south to Glass' mill, and 
 from McDonald's house to Widow Glenn's, and on Snodgrass 
 Ridge from Vidito's house to Harker Hill. 
 
 In pursuance of its trust, the Commission made several visits to 
 the field, and we confidently believe the sites selected for the 
 fifty-five monuments and the fifty-three tablets are historically 
 correct. 
 
 Our work is now done. The part the volunteer soldiery of 
 Ohio bore on this ensanguined field is told by these enduring 
 monuments. Here may they ever stand, sacred to the memory of 
 the heroes of a cause just, triumphant, silently teaching patriotic 
 lessons of obedience to law, devotion to the Union, and love for 
 the old flag. [Applause.] And may future generations. North 
 and South, cherish these memorials as their choicest legacy. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Gen. Beatty: 
 
 Capt. Joseph C. McElroy, who commanded a company in the 
 18th Ohio Infantry, from the beginning of the battle of Chick- 
 amauga until the last shot was fired, will now read his report 
 as Treasurer of the Commission. 
 
176 The Battle op Chickamauga. 
 
 report of the treasurer. 
 
 Mr. President and Citizens op Ohio : 
 
 By the same act of the Ohio Legislature that authorized the 
 Governor to appoint a Commission, the sum of $5,000 was ap- 
 propriated to meet expenses while it was prosecuting the prelim- 
 inary work of locating lines of battle and sites for monuments. 
 The law authorized the Commission to invite members of regi- 
 ments and artillery companies who served in the battle to assist 
 in finding these locations, and to expend not to exceed $2,500 of 
 the fund in paying their necessary expenses while so employed. 
 
 Fifty-two survivors of the battle were called upon to assist 
 in this work, and their expenses — ^traveling and hotels, while so 
 engaged — ^were paid by the Commission out of the State fund. 
 
 The preliminary work was advanced as rapidly as the improve- 
 ments, then being made by the Park Commissioners, would per- 
 mit. More than three years, however, elapsed after the appro- 
 priation was made before the locations had all been decided upon, 
 and received the approval of the National Commission, as histor- 
 ically accurate. 
 
 The Commission made frequent visits to the battle field, ex- 
 pending months in labor and research, so that the $5,000 appro- 
 priated for the preliminary work had all been expended by the 
 time the sites were located, and the contracts for the erection of 
 monuments and tablets had been completed. 
 
 An itemized account of this has been approved by an auditing 
 committee, and placed on file in the office of the Auditor of State, 
 at Columbus. 
 
 The further sum of ninety thousand dollars ($90,000) was ap- 
 propriated by an act of the 70th General Assembly, passed April 
 6th, 1893. Under this act, forty-five regimental monuments were 
 authorized to be erected upon this military park, to cost not to ex- 
 ceed $1,500 each; and nine monuments to artillery companies, and 
 one to sharp-shooters, to cost not to exceed $1,000 each. Fifty- 
 five monuments in all. 
 
 The law further provided that tablets should be erected, to 
 show where the regiments and batteries were engaged in the 
 battle, at other points than those marked by the monuments. 
 Fifty-three granite tablets have been erected, at a cost of $39 each. 
 
Dkdication op the Ohio Monuments. 177 
 
 The fifty-five monuments and fifty-three tablets are completed 
 and in place. They have been inspected by the Commission, 
 and accepted as in all respects according to the contracts. They 
 have also received the approval of the Commissioners in charge 
 of the National Military Park. 
 
 Warrants have been drawn against the fund last appropriated, 
 and payments have been made as follows : 
 
 For 45 regimental monuments, at $1 ,470 each, . . . $66,150.00 
 
 10 monuments to artillery companies and sharp-shooters, 
 
 at $970 each, 9,700.00 
 
 53 tablets, at $39 each, . . . 2,067.00 
 
 For 56 bronze seals, bearing coat-of-arms of Ohio, at 
 
 $15 each 840.00 
 
 Incidental expenses of the Commission while prosecu- 
 ting the work, '. 3,975.21 
 
 Total amount expended, . . . . . . $82,732.21 
 
 I/eaving a balance of $7,267.79 unexpended, an amount more 
 than ample to meet all future expenses, including the sum 
 required to publish the report of the Commission. 
 
 The fifty-five monuments and fifty-three tablets have been 
 received and paid for according to the provisions of the law and 
 the agreements in each case. No claim or claims are known to 
 exist against the State on account of these memorials. 
 
 In the execution of this important trust, it has been the pur- 
 pose of the Commission to provide a class of monuments of suf- 
 ficient artistic merit, and to locaite them upon this great battle 
 field with such a degree of historical accuracy, as will reflect 
 credit upon the State. 
 
 In all transactions involving the disbursement of public funds, 
 rules of economy have been observed. The best value possible 
 has been secured to the State for money expended, without favor 
 or affection. 
 
 Gen. Beatty: 
 
 Gen. Aquila Wiley, whose gallantry on this battle field was 
 only excelled by his gallantry on Missionary Ridge, has devoted 
 months of patient labor to the work of selecting sites for Ohio 
 
178 Thb Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 monuments. To do this accurately he was compelled to read 
 and carefully compare the reports of the commanding officers of 
 both armies. In brief, if any credit is due the Ohio Commission 
 for the pains-taking accuracy with which the work assigned it 
 has been performed, the credit mainly belongs to Gen. Wiley 
 and Capt. McElroy. 
 
 [Judge Gill, "That's right," and applause.] 
 
 They have been conscientious, persistent, and indefatigable in 
 their efforts to carry out faithfully the will and wishes of the 
 people of Ohio. Gen. Wiley will make the concluding address 
 to you on behalf of the Commission, and will be followed by a 
 gentleman so favorably and generally known to the people of the 
 United States that it would be a waste of time and words to give 
 him [great applause] a formal introduction to an American audi- 
 ence. 
 
 speech of gen. aquita whey. 
 
 Mr. President, Comrades and FelIow Citizens : 
 
 I propose, for a few minutes, to consider the battle of Chick- 
 amauga from a military point of view, without reference to the 
 moral or political issues involved in the war. To form a cor- 
 rect judgment in regard to the battle, it is necessary to under- 
 stand the object and purposes of the campaign in which it 
 occurred, and the strategic moves that led up to it on the part 
 of both of the contending armies. At the inception of the cam- 
 paign. Gen. Halleck was Commander-in-Chief of the Union 
 Armies. The task assigned to Gen. Rosecrans is very clearly set 
 forth in a communication from him, under date of July 25th, in 
 which he says: "The great object you will have in view is to 
 drive Bragg from East Tennessee before he can be reinforced by 
 Johnston. There is a large loyal population there, ready to 
 declare for the Union. The President has repeatedly promised 
 these people relief, and has repeatedly and repeatedly urged 
 that forces for this purpose be pushed forward." Rosecrans, in 
 replying to this communication, under date of August 1st, after 
 setting forth the difficulties and obstacles to be overcome, says : 
 " To advance in the face of these obstacles is not the only, nor 
 even the most important, point in the problem. We must so 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 179 
 
 advance as never to recede. The citizens say, and not without 
 justice, ' Whip our armies, and then, when we no longer fear their 
 return to power, we will show you that we are satisfied to be in 
 the Union ; but until you do that we are not safe from proscrip- 
 tion.' Not only so, but this must be done in view of the possi- 
 bility of Johnston joining Bragg." 
 
 In the language which he puts into the mouths of the citizens 
 of East Tennessee, he but gives expression to his own views. 
 From this correspondence it is clear that Rosecrans made Bragg's 
 army (and not Chattanooga, as is sometimes asserted) the 
 objective of his campaign ; [Applause] not with the view merely 
 of maneuvering or driving it out of East Tennessee, but with 
 the view of fighting a battle to destroy or injure it to such an 
 extent as to disqualify it for again invading its territory. 
 
 Having this object in view he crossed the Tennessee River, 
 with the main body of his army, at Bridgeport and Shellmound. 
 The crossing was efifected from August 29th to September 4th, 
 without opposition. On the 8th his headquarters were at Tren- 
 ton. He had learned in the meantime that Bragg had been 
 reinforced by Buckner, with about 9,000 troops, and by Joe 
 Johnston, by a force then variously estimated at from 10,000 to 
 20,000. At about 3.30 a. m. of the 9th he received the report 
 that Chattanooga had been evacuated. Before daylight he had 
 issued his orders to his Corps Commanders and to his Chief of 
 Cavalry, all designed to cut off the retreat of Bragg's army, and 
 to force it into battle. On the 10th he moved his headquarters 
 to Chattanooga. For the next two days he was somewhat mysti- 
 fied by Bragg's movements. All reports received indicated that 
 he was retreating on Rome. Bragg, no doubt, designed to create 
 that impression. The order for the movement of his army was 
 very artfully worded to that end. On September 12th Rose- 
 crans ascertained that Bragg had concentrated at Lafayette, and 
 that on the 11th he had attacked the head of Thomas' column in 
 front of Dug Gap. At this time Crittenden, with the 21st corps, 
 was concentrated at Lee and Gordon's mill ; Thomas, with the 
 14th corps, in the Chattanooga Valley in front of Stevens' Gap, 
 and McCook, with the 20th corps, at Alpine, about twenty miles 
 south of Thomas' position. The same day he directed Gen. 
 Thomas to order McCook to close in on his right, and informed 
 
180 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 him that he would order Crittenden to attack as soon as he could 
 be got into position to do so. On the 13th he left Chattanooga 
 for Gen. Thomas' headquarters, having assurance that McCook, 
 with two divisions of his corps, would be with or near Thomas 
 by the evening of that day. Before leaving Chattanooga he 
 sent a written order to Granger, at Bridgeport, to move with all 
 haste with his command, and take post at Rossville; "to hold 
 himself in readiness to support Crittenden in case he attacks or is 
 attacked, and in case of an engagement in front to close up 
 toward the sound of battle." Rosecrans had given up all hope 
 of aid from Burnside. He was apprehensive that reinforcements 
 would be sent to Bragg from I^ee's army, and he sought to force 
 the battle before they could reach him. 
 
 In consequence of some misunderstanding as to the route to 
 be taken, McCook's corps did not reach Thomas' position until 
 the 17th. But for this misadventure the battle would probably 
 have been fought and decided before the arrival of I,ongstreet's 
 corps ^nd the brigades of Gregg and McNair. On the 15th 
 information was received by Rosecrans that three divisions of 
 I<ee's army were on their way to join Bragg. On the 16th he 
 learned that these reinforcements had reached Atlanta. In the 
 meantime, while awaiting the arrival of McCook's corps, he 
 employed two divisions of Crittenden's corps in guarding the 
 fords of the Chickamauga above Lee and Gordon's mill. Having 
 become satisfied that Bragg was maneuvering to turn his left, he 
 ordered a counter movement to the left, guarding well the fords 
 of the Chickamauga. This movement began on the 17th and 
 continued throughout the 18th. On the 17th he established his 
 headquarters at Crawfish Spring. During the night of the 18th 
 Thomas continued his movement to the left, arriving at the Kelly 
 farm on the morning of the 19th. During the afternoon and 
 night of the 18th Rosecrans learned that Wilder and Minty had 
 been driven from Alexander's and Reed's bridges, and that Bragg 
 had effected a crossing, but in what force was not known. On 
 the 19th he established his headquarters at the Widow Glenn's. 
 
 When Gen. Thomas moved the divisions of Brannan and Baird 
 eastward, on the Reed's-bridge and Alexander's-bridge roads, on 
 the morning of the 19th, it was not with the intention of bring- 
 ing on a battle. He had then no knowledge that more than a 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 181 
 
 brigade of Confederate troops had yet crossed the river. The 
 movement was in the nature of a reconnoissance, and with a view 
 to the capture of this brigade. It was not until about 11 a. m. 
 that it was ascertained that Bragg had crossed the river in force. 
 The fighting of the 19th was desultory, and not in accordance 
 with any general order of battle. On the Union side it was an 
 effort to develop the strength and position of the enemy. On the 
 part of the Confederates, to gain ground upon which to deploy 
 their army, and room to maneuver by their right. 
 
 At 3 p. M. of the 19th it might fairly be said that Rosecrans 
 had out-maneuvered and out-fought his adversary at all points. 
 He had defeated or evaded all efforts to beat him in detail and to 
 turn his left flank and compel him to fight with his base uncov- 
 ered; and had drawn Bragg into a false position, in the bend of 
 the river, between Reed's bridge and Dalton's ford, in which he 
 had neither room to deploy nor maneuver, and from which it 
 required much desperate and hard fighting into the night of the 
 19th to extricate himself. But at 3 p. m. the tide turned, and 
 from that until the close of the battle for the day, the advantages 
 gained were decidedly with the Confederates. It was ascertained 
 during this day's battle that the forces of lyongstreet and the 
 brigades of Gregg and McNair were on the field. 
 
 On the 20th Rosecrans decided to fight a defensive battle. The 
 troops at daylight, without orders, threw up barricades. They 
 were without axes or intrenching tools. The barricades were 
 constructed of fences, fallen timber, and whatever could be found 
 at hand suitable for the purpose. Bragg renewed his efforts to 
 turn Rosecrans' left, and to intervene between him and Chatta- 
 nooga. At first Breckinridge, who was the right of the attacking 
 force, outflanked the left of our line, and met with some success ; 
 but by noon all the assaults by the right wing of the Confederate 
 army had been effectually repulsed, with heavy loss to them and 
 but slight loss to the Union forces. The tide of battle seemed to 
 have turned again in our favor. At noon their left wing assaulted. 
 The first attempt on our extreme right, which was the strongest 
 part of our line, did not succeed; but the center, having been 
 weakened by the withdrawal of Wood's division at the beginning 
 of the assault, through some misconception of orders, offered but 
 feeble resistance. In an hour one-third of our army was driven 
 
182 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 from the field, with the loss of about thirty pieces of artillery and 
 some prisoners. The assault was made in splendid form, with 
 great gallantry, intrepidity and persistency; nevertheless, an acci- 
 dent, which could not be forseen or provided against, largely con- 
 tributed to its success. The left center drifted into position on 
 Snodgrass Ridge, to which also came detachments from the 
 broken organizations of the right. From 1 to 5 p. m. the Con- 
 federate left continued its assaults, but without gaining any 
 further advantage. 
 
 On the night of the 19th Rosecrans issued a written order to 
 Granger, directing him to support Thomas in the next day's 
 battle. About 2 p. m., just as the Confederates were gaining 
 possession of the next ridge on the right, Granger arrived with 
 two brigades of Steedman's division, charged, gained, occupied 
 and held that position. Shortly after 4 p. m. Gen. ThomaS; 
 having learned the extent of the disaster to our right, decided to 
 withdraw to Rossville, and issued orders preparatory to thai 
 movement. While its execution was in progress, at sunset, the 
 Confederates renewed their attacks on the extreme right and lefl 
 of our line, thus adding several hundred to the prisoners pre- 
 viously taken. 
 
 I<et us now turn our attention to Bragg's movements. His 
 plan of campaign may be stated in few words. It was to lure 
 Rosecrans to cross the river below Chattanooga, not to prevent 
 his crossing, as some have imagined, to avail himself of his 
 interior lines of operation, to concentrate a force superior in 
 numbers, beat him in detail if possible during his preliminary 
 movements, and, failing in that, to compel him to fight a battle 
 under such circumstances that defeat would necessarily involve 
 the destruction of his army ; then to turn upon Burnside, over- 
 whelm him, and thus re-occupy Tennessee and Kentucky. On 
 the 21st of August he had become satisfied that the crossing 
 would be made below Chattanooga, and telegraphed to Gen. 
 Johnston to that effect, asking for assistance. On the 22d Johnston 
 answered, promising to send two divisions for a battle. On the 
 same date Bragg wrote to Gen. Hill that his plan was "to await 
 development of the enemy, and when his point of attack is ascer- 
 tained, to neglect all smaller affairs, and fall on him with his 
 whole force." Although he knew thus early of the places at 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 183 
 
 which the crossing was to be effected, he made no attempt what- 
 ever to resist it, but ordered the troops in observation at these 
 points to retire on the approach of the Union Army. 
 
 On the 28th of August he obtained from Richmond a modifica- 
 tion of the order making East Tennessee a separate department, 
 and placing Gen. Buckner, its commander, subject to his orders 
 for strategic purposes. Soon after he ordered Buckner to join 
 his right, thus yielding East Tennessee to Burnside without 
 resistance. 
 
 Johnston's troops arrived on the 28th of August. On the 4th 
 of September Bragg wrote to Hill, informing him that two corps 
 of our army had crossed at Shellmound and Bridgeport, and 
 advising that he cross the river above Chattanooga and crush the 
 corps opposite, suggesting means to effect the crossing. In this 
 letter he intimated that if the crossing was deemed impracticable 
 he would draw Crittenden to the south side of the river. On the 
 5th of September arrangements had been completed for the 
 transfer of I^ongstreet's corps. On the 6th the order for the 
 evacuation of Chattanooga was issued. The evacuation was not 
 forced, but was voluntary on the part of Bragg, and purely for 
 strategic purposes. Having found it impracticable or inexpe- 
 dient to cross the river for the destruction of Crittenden's Corps, 
 Bragg sought to draw it across, where it might be attacked and 
 destroyed before other portions of the army could come to its 
 relief. On the 12th of September he issued an order to Polk, 
 directing him to attack it in detail, but the vigilance of Rose- 
 crans defeated the movement. The corps was concentrated on 
 the west side of the Chickamauga before Polk could strike. 
 
 The campaign of Bragg was brilliant in conception, and stra- 
 tegically faultless. His fame as a soldier, which is now a part of 
 the common heritage of a reunited people, will grow with the 
 growing years. [Applause.] That of Rosecrans was bold, enter- 
 prising, and vigorous. By his vigilance and sound judgment he 
 anticipated and countered every movement of his adversary. 
 Throughout, he exhibited the highest degree of moral courage. 
 That he failed of accomplishing all he attempted was no fault of 
 his own, nor was it due to anj' lack of the highest soldierly 
 qualities of the army he commanded. It was attributable to the 
 superior advantages for rapid concentration which interior lines 
 
184 The Battlb of Chickamauga. 
 
 afforded his adversary, and to the total failure of support and 
 co-operation on the part of Burnside, on which, he had been 
 told at the commencement of the campaign, he could rely. 
 
 One thing was demonstrated by the war beyond all controversy; 
 that the United States, as it existed in 1861, was the first power 
 in the world in military strength and material resources. No 
 other country in modern times has been able to maintain in the 
 field such large armies for so great a length of time. The conse- 
 quences of a war of such magnitude can not be confined to the 
 limits of the nation immediately involved. It marks an epoch 
 in the ever-advancing progress and development of the civiliza- 
 tion of mankind. It originates new movements among the na- 
 tions of the earth, or gives a new direction or fresh impetus to 
 those already begun. It has changed, and is rapidly further 
 changing, the condition of affairs throughout the world. Fifteen 
 millions of people, born and reared under the civilization of the 
 old world, have, since the close of the war, been attracted to our 
 shores, to be trained in the ways, educated in the methods, and 
 imbued with the spirit, of American institutions. [Applause.] 
 Fifteen millions are an empire in themselves. History records 
 no such migration, no such peaceful, voluntary change in the 
 lives, customs, and institutions of so large a body of people in 
 so brief a period. Imperial France and Austria relinquished and 
 abandoned their designs on Mexico. Brazil and France have laid 
 aside the robes of imperialism, and arrayed themselves in the ha- 
 biliments of our newer civilization. [Applause.] The elective fran- 
 chise has been extended in England, and the English press has 
 recently been earnestly discussing the question whether the Upper 
 House of Parliament can not be dispensed with. Th,e unification 
 of Germany and Italy will be found to be not merely subsequent 
 to, but consequent upon, the unification of the United States. A 
 new republic has risen in the midst of the Pacific. Japan, touched 
 by the inspiration of your achievements, has broken down the 
 barriers that have heretofore excluded her and the far East from 
 commercial intercourse with the world.. [Applause.] The waters 
 of the Pacific Ocean, placid and serene since creation's dawn, their 
 surface seldom broken but by the winds of heaven, now boil like 
 a pot as they are incessantly churned with the screws and paddles 
 of the fleet 'messengers of your commerce. [Applause.] Japan 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monuments. 185 
 
 and China, that, prior to the war, seemed as remote from us as 
 though situated on another planet, have been brought closer to 
 every part of this continent than was any part of Europe three- 
 quarters of a century ago. 
 
 The increase in the strength and resources of our own country 
 is not to be comprehended in the mere increase of population. 
 The political economist tells us that the American laborer pro- 
 duces 50 per cent more than the laborer of any other cotmtry. 
 This 'is generally attributed to the employment of labor-saving 
 machinery. It is a false solution of the problem. It is due, rather, 
 to an intensified energy, born of higher hopes and loftier aspira- 
 tions. [Applause.] To say that we surpass all others in labor- 
 saving inventions, is but another way of saying that we surpass 
 all others in intellectual energy and activity. This intellectual 
 energy and activity is not limited merely to mechanical inventions; 
 it displays itself in every sphere of intellectual effort, in the con- 
 struction of transcontinental and international railroads and inter- 
 ocean canals, in devices for deepening the channels of your nav- 
 igable rivers, in projects for draining the lakes and swamps of 
 Florida and irrigating the arid plains of the far West, in search- 
 ing for and developing the hidden treasures of the earth, in build- 
 ing industrial cities, in schemes for utilizing the power of Niagara, 
 in the development of light, heat, and motive power to supply the 
 wants of millions of people, in the erection of buildings that rival 
 the Tower of Babel in altitude, in attaching wings to the heels of 
 our people, so that they fly through our streets and along our 
 highways with the speed and grace of a bird, and in devising 
 motors that shall propel your trains of cars at the rate of one 
 hundred and fifty miles an hour. Telephones, stenography, and 
 typewriting, those powerful stimulants of intellectual activity, are 
 epidemic in the land. These things are not merely subsequent 
 to the war; they are part of its logical consequences. No other 
 period in the world's history has seen such rapid advancement. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 On the other hand, with two great republics existing here, side 
 by side, each jealous of its rights, sensitive of its honor, apt at 
 arms, endowed with a martial spirit unsurpassed in any age of 
 the world, and each at liberty to form such European alliances as 
 interest might dictate or necessity require, American civilization. 
 
186 The Batti,e of Chigkamatjga. 
 
 instead of becoming, as it seems destined to be, the dominant 
 civilization of the world, would have become but the foot-ball 
 of European diplomacy. 
 
 We are not here to indulge in melancholy reflections or vain 
 regrets for the past, but to rejoice in the realities of the present 
 and the grander possibilities of the future. No other nation ever 
 enjoyed such opportunities for influencing, by its literature, its 
 arts, its commerce, by colonization, and, if need be, by its arms, 
 the world's destiny. The eyes of the whole world are on you. 
 Not a book is written, worth the reading, nor a word spoken, 
 worth the utterance, that is not immediately translated into all 
 languages. The sub-marine telegraph, that combined product 
 of American genius and American enterprise, ke-^ps the world 
 informed of your daily thought and activities. This monumented 
 battle field, intended to commemorate the valor of the soldiers of 
 all sections of the Union, will but accentuate the power and 
 greatness of a reunited people, and illustrate the sublime faith of 
 the Nation in its own destiny, and its inflexible purpose to fulfill 
 it. [Applause.] 
 
 I am charged by the members of our Commission with the duty 
 of reporting to you, Sir [the Governor of Ohio], the fulfillment of 
 the trust committed to us. In the discharge of it, we have been 
 greatly aided, both in choice of designs and sites for the monu- 
 ments, by the representatives of the organizations whose services 
 they are intended to commemorate. In many instances organiza- 
 tions fought in so many difierent positions that it was difficult to 
 decide upon the site for the monument. In such cases we have en- 
 deavored to choose the position in which the organization rendered 
 its most important service, or met with its heaviest loss, with- 
 out regard to the prominence of the site upon the field. We 
 are under great obligations to all members of the National Com- 
 mission, and all connected with it, for their kind, courteous, and 
 patient assistance in all our work. We indulge, the hope that the 
 results of our labor may meet your approval and be satisfactory 
 to all the citizens of our State, especially to all who participated 
 in the battle. [Great applause.] 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monuments. 187 
 
 Governor McKinley was received with great , applause, and 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 SPEECH OF governor wii<i<iam m'kinlev. 
 
 Mr. President, Members of the Ohio Chickamauga 
 Nationai, Park Commission, Ladies and Genti<emen: 
 
 I receive the Ohio monuments from your hands, in behalf of 
 the State of Ohio, to be dedicated as a perpetual memorial to the 
 Ohio soldiers who fought on this field. I can not forbear, in this 
 public manner, to express to the Commission the thanks of the 
 State, whose representative it has been, for the able and satis- 
 factory performance of its duties. It has executed the trust con- 
 fided to it with singular intelligence, and patience and fidelity, 
 and will enjoy the lasting gratitude of the people of Ohio. 
 
 My fellow citizens, nearly a third of a century ago this place 
 was a field of war, and the scene of an awful and disastrous two- 
 days' battle. "We come back after these long years, which have 
 been years of momentous import to our country and to civiliza- 
 tion, to unite in the dedication of this great battle field as a 
 National Park, which shall forever memorialize the valor of the 
 American soldier and testify to the strength and glory of the 
 American Union. [Applause.] The opposing forces here were 
 fairly matched. American met American. The Confederate 
 somewhat outnumbered the Union, but in determination and 
 courage neither was at a disadvantage. Both were equal in per- 
 sistence and prowess. The commanders on both sides were 
 among the most skillful and distinguished of their respective 
 armies. They were military giants, in command of mighty 
 forces; and the conflict waged here was one which has few 
 parallels in the history of the wars of the world. 
 
 In many respects, the battle of Chickamauga was unlike any 
 other battle of the great Civil War. The gate- way in the mountains 
 was to be either won or lost here. While the success of the 
 Union army was extremely important to the Union cause, the 
 overthrow of the Union army here and the holding of this terri- 
 tory were indispensable to the success of the Confederate cause. 
 It was a desperate stmggle for the mastery ; and, standing now 
 upon this field, the former scene of so much blood and carnage. 
 
188 The Batti<b of Chiceamauga. 
 
 recalling all that happened here and all that was done here, we 
 are filled with increased interest and astonishment, and stirred to 
 the depths with admiration for the courage, valor and endurance 
 of those engaged on both sides of the line. [Applause.] 
 
 Ohio is here to-day because her citizen-soldiery was here then. 
 [Applause.] We are here, not as then, with arms in our hands, 
 but with fraternal affection in our hearts. [Applause.] We are 
 here, the invited guests of the Nation; here to dedicate this field, 
 not to war or to passion, but to peace and union, which can 
 never be broken. [Applause.] Well may Ohio feel a patriotic 
 pride in these dedicatory ceremonies. Her soldiers were here in 
 great- battle pageant, representing every arm of the military ser- 
 vice. Her soldiers constituted quite one-fifth of all those engaged 
 on this bloody field in defense of the Union. I^et me call the 
 roll of regiments and organizations which participated here, and 
 suffered here. They can not all respond ; but if they could but 
 speak to-day from their silent muster there would be none among 
 the missing, but all accounted for. The infantry regiments 
 were: The 1st, commanded by Lieut. -Col. Basset Langdon; the 
 2d, by Lieut.-Col. Obadiah C. Maxwell; the 6th, by Col. Nicholas 
 L. Anderson; the 9th, by Col. Gustave Kammerling; the 10th, 
 by Lieut.-Col. William W. Ward; the 11th, by Col. Philander P. 
 Lane; the 13th, by Lieut.-Col. Elhanon H. Mast; the 14th, by 
 Lieut.-Col. Henry D. Kingsbury ; the 15th, by Lieut.-Col. Frank 
 Askew; the 17th, by Col. Durbin Ward; the 18th, by Lieut.-Col. 
 C. H. Grosvenor [applause]; the 19th, by Lieut.-Col. Henry G. 
 Stratton; the 21st, by Lieut.-Col. D. M. Stoughton; the 24th, by 
 Col. David J. Higgins; the 26th, by Lieut.-Col. William H. 
 Young; the 31st, by Lieut.-Col. Frederick W. Lister; the 33d, 
 by Col. Oscar F. Moore; the 35th, by Lieut.-Col. Henry V. Boyn- 
 ton, the father of this splendid park [applause] ; the 36th, by Col. 
 Wilham G. Jones; the 40th, by Lieut.-Col. William Jones; the 
 gallant 41st — and I speak of it, because it was commanded by the 
 splendid orator who lost a limb fighting for his country, and who 
 was your orator just before I took the stand — by Col. Aquila 
 Wiley [applause] ; the 49th, by Major S. F. Gray ; the 61st, by 
 Col. Richard W. McClain; the 52d, by Major James T. Holmes; 
 the 59th, by Lieut.-Col. Granville A. Frambes ; the 64th, by Col. 
 Alexander Mcllvaine-. the 65th. bv Lieut.-Col. H. N. Whitbeck; 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments, 189 
 
 the 69th, by I,ieut.-Col. Joseph H. Brigham; the 74th, by Capt. 
 Joseph Fisher; the 89th, by Col. Caleb Carlton; the 90th, by 
 Col. Charles Rippey; the 92<i, by Col. Benjamin D. Fearing; the 
 93d, by Col. Hiram Strong; the 94th, by Major R. P. Hutchins ; 
 the 97th, by lYieut.-Col, Milton Barnes [applause] ; the 98th, by 
 Capt. M. J. Urquhart ; the 99th, by Col. Peter T. Swaine; the 
 101st, by I/ieut.-Col. John Messner ; the 105th, by Major George 
 T. Perkins; the 113th, by lyieut.-Col. Darius B. Warner; the 
 121st, by Weut.-Col. Henry B. Banning; the 124th, by Col. 
 Oliver H. Payne; the 125th, by Col. Emerson Opdycke. The 
 regiments of cavalry were: The 1st, by Ivieut.-Col. Valentine 
 Cupp ; the 3d, by lyieut.-Col. C. B. Seidel ; the 4th, by lyieut.-Col. 
 O. P. Robie. There was also the 1st Battalion of Ohio Sharp- 
 shooters. There were also the following batteries of the First 
 Regiment of Ohio Light Artillery : Battery A, by Capt. Wilbur 
 F. Goodspeed [applause]; Battery B, Lieut. Norman A. Baldwin; 
 Battery C, by Lieut. Marco B. Gary ; Battery F, by Lieut. Charles 
 J. Cockerell; Battery G, by Capt. Alexander Marshall; Batterj' 
 M, by Capt. Frederick Shultz. And, finally, there were the Inde- 
 pendent Batteries : The 6th Ohio, by Capt. CuUen Bradley ; the 
 18th Ohio, by Capt. Charles Aleshire ; the 20th Ohio, by Capt. 
 Edward Grosskopff. In all, there were forty-two regiments of 
 infantry, three regiments of cavalry, a battalion of sharp-shooters, 
 and nine batteries of artillery, making a total of fifty-five Ohio 
 organizations. [Applause.] This was Ohio's contribution to this 
 historic battle, fought on this historic field. 
 
 Ohio had a larger representation here than upon any other 
 field of the war. Her soldiers were in every battle, siege, assault, 
 and skirmish from Bull Run to Appoqiattox Court House [Ap- 
 plause], and no history of the war can ever be written which will 
 not record the splendid services of Ohio's volunteer army of 
 1861-65. [Great applause.] They did heroic service upon every 
 field. But upon this field a larger number of Ohio soldiers were 
 concentrated than upon any other field of the war ; and upon no 
 other was there a higher exhibition of soldierly valor or vigor 
 than here. Ohio had more soldiers here than came from any 
 other State of the Union, on the Union side, and had more sol- 
 diers here than came from any State of the Confederacy, except 
 Tennessee alone. Some of Ohio's most illustrious officers were 
 
190 Thb Battlb op Chickamauga. 
 
 in command of corps, divisions, brigades, and regiments, who 
 gave direction upon every part of this wide-stretching field. Gen. 
 Rosecrans [applause], a graduate of great distinction at the U. S. 
 Military Academy at West Point, in 1842, and who served in the 
 army until 1854, was the Commander-in-Chief of the Union 
 forces, and was an honored citizen of our own State. He entered 
 the volunteer service as Colonel of the 23d Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry. I recall him with pecuUar tenderness and respect. He 
 was the first Colonel of the regiment to which I belonged, and 
 my boy ideal of a great soldier, and I gladly here to-day, in this 
 public presence, and in this public manner, pay him my tribute 
 of love for his tender qualities, which endeared him to me, and 
 the high soldierly qualities which won the gratitude of the State 
 and Nation, for his magnificent services to the Union cause. 
 [Applause.] Ohio is proud of "Old Rosey" [applause], and in 
 his old age and declining years I beg him to know, in his distant 
 home on the Pacific, that he enjoys the affectionate regard of his 
 old State, which will guard his name and fame forever. [Great 
 applause.] Gen. Garfield, his Chief-of-StafF [applause], was also 
 from Ohio. The noble part he bore here shines in the history of 
 our country. Gen. James Barnett [applause], another Ohio man, 
 was the Chief of Artillery; and the famous fighting McCook 
 family [applause] were here. Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook 
 commanded the 20th Corps; Col. Dan. McCook, the Second 
 Brigade, Second Division, Reserve Corps ; Col. Ed. McCook, the 
 First Division, First Cavalry Corps ; and Gen. Philip Sheridan 
 [applause], another Ohio man, commanded the Third Division of 
 the 20th Army Corps, whose services here, and upon other noted 
 fields, covered him with imperishable fame. Gen. John Beatty 
 [applause], the honored President of the Ohio Commission, and to 
 whom, and his associates, the State owes much for this patriotic 
 dedication, commanded the First Brigade, First Division, 14th 
 Army Corps; Col. John M. Connell, First Brigade, Second 
 Division, 14th Army Corps [applause] ; Col. Ferdinand Van 
 Derveer [applause] commanded the Third Brigade, 14th Army 
 Corps. Other commanders were: Gen. William H. lyytle, First 
 Brigade, Third Division, 20th Army Corps, killed on this field 
 September 20th, 1863; Gen. Thomas J. Wood, First Division, 
 21st Army Corps; Gen. Sam. Beatty, First Brigade, Third 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 191 
 
 Division, 21st Army Corps ; Gen. George Crook, the Second Cav- 
 alry Division, and Gen. James B. Steedman [applause], the First 
 Division of the Reserve Corps ; Col. John G. Mitchell, Second 
 Brigade, First Division of the Reserve Corps [applause] ; Gen. 
 W. B. Hazen, Second Brigade, Second Division, 21st Army Corps 
 [applause] ; Col. Charles G. Harker, Third Brigade, First Division, 
 21st Army Corps. 
 
 Gen. William H. Ivytle and Col. Valentine Cupp, First Ohio 
 Cavalry, were among the field officers killed. Gen. Lytic fell 
 while making a supreme effort, with his brigade, to relieve the 
 disaster on the Union right. Col. Cupp went down to death 
 with saber drawn, forming his regiment fojr a charge. Gen. 
 Steedman performed heroic service during the second day's 
 ba.ttle. The Confederates had made a lodgment on the ridge to 
 the right of Thomas' line, and commanded the rear of his posi- 
 tion. Seizing the colors of one of his regiments, Steedman led 
 his 3,500 men up the slope and carried the ridge, after a fierce and 
 deadly conflict, in which were lost 1,100 men. [Applause.] He 
 held this position firmly until six o'clock Sunday evening. 
 
 In the battle of Chickamauga Rosecrans' loss was 16,174. This 
 includes 4,774 missing, a large number of whom were killed and 
 wounded. Bragg's loss, as estimated by the war records at 
 Washington, was 17,804. The total loss for each army was more 
 than 25 per cent of the entire force, and about 33 per cent on 
 each side of the troops actually engaged. Longstreet lost 44 per 
 cent of his forces, and all, too, on the second day, and for the 
 most part within two hours on that dreadful Sunday afternoon. 
 Steedman's and Brannan's divisions lost 49 per cent in four hours, 
 and of the total loss but one was missing; all the rest were killed 
 or wounded. Bushrod Johnson's division lost 44 per cent. An- 
 derson's brigade, of Hindman's division, lost 30 per cent ; Bates' 
 brigade, of Stewart's division, lost 52 per cent. Preston's division 
 lost 33 per cent. Grades' brigade lost nearly 35 per cent, and all 
 within an hour before the sun set on that bloody Sunday, and 
 v/hile assaulting one of the Ohio divisions. Cheatham's division 
 lost from 35 to 50 per cent. Breckinridge's division lost 33 per 
 cent, and Cleburne's division 43 per cent. What a holocaust of 
 death! What a sacrificial offering! I can not but recall the 
 words of Col. Emerson Opdycke, of the 125th Ohio Volunteer 
 
192 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 Infantry, as I contemplate these dreadful losses. It is said that 
 Gen. Thomas, in company with Gen. Garfield, approached the 
 125th Ohio, and Gen. Thomas, addressing the Colonel, said: 
 "This point must beheld." Col. Opdycke replied : "We will 
 hold this ground or go to heaven from it." [Applause.] 
 
 On the Union side one man out of every thirty-three was 
 actually shot dead on the field of battle ; one in every six was 
 wounded ; one in every three was missing. In killed, wounded 
 and missing we lost one man out of nearly every three engaged 
 in the battle. 
 
 The strength of the Union forces, from the best authority 
 attainable, was 57,832. Gen. Rosecrans commanded 133 regi- 
 ments of infantry, and forty-two of them were from Ohio. The 
 Confederate army, in command of Gen. Bragg, consisted of 200 
 regiments of infantry, forty regiments of qavalry, and fifty 
 batteries of artillery. 2,650,000 rounds of cartridges, and 7,300 
 rounds of artillery ammunition from the Union side sent forth 
 their thundering shafts of death. 
 
 The awful desperation of the battle on the second day is shown 
 by the order which, it is said, Gen. Thomas gave, in the awful 
 stress of the situation, to his division commanders. They were 
 reporting to him that they were running short of ammunition. 
 First it was reported that all were gone but ten rounds, then all 
 but five, then all but two ; and to this the General replied : " Save 
 your fire for close quarters, and when your last shot is fired give 
 them the bayonet." [Applause.] On a portion of his line the 
 last assault was made and repelled by the bayonet. 
 
 I do not wish, Mr. President, to enter the field of dispute or 
 contention, but it seems to me well settled that Ohio troops 
 opened the battle of Chickamauga on the morning of the 19th 
 of September; opened it again on the morning of the 20th of 
 September, and closed it, as Governor Campbell has told you, 
 after dark on the evening of the 20th. In the early morning 
 Croxton's brigade, the right of Brannan's division, struck Forrest 
 just near Jay's mill, on the extreme left, and was at once sharply 
 engaged. Almost at the same hour Gen. John Beatty's brigade, 
 of Negley's division, was engaged with Helm's brigide, of Breck- 
 inridge's division, on the Confederate left, nine miles distant, and 
 near Glass' mill. 
 
Dedication op the Ohio Monuments. 193 
 
 The men in the Ohio organizations came from every part of 
 our great State. They were soldiers, but they were citizens of the 
 Union first. Those who survived are among the best and most hon- 
 ored of our State and countrj'. They left home dedicating their 
 lives to maintain the Union, ready to perform any service or 
 make any sacrifice. For those who fell, the Government has 
 provided a fitting resting place in yonder beautiful cemetery. 
 Those who came home from this field have impressed the world 
 iwith the story of the valor of the citizen soldiery in one of the 
 mightiest battles of modem times. How pleasant the thought 
 that so many still live, and are able to revisit this sacred ground, 
 and take part in the solemnities of this day; for this is a day and 
 an occasion eminently honorable to the Republic, and worthy of 
 it. In the number of men actually engaged, in the magnificent 
 valor displayed by both armies, in the splendid gallantry with 
 which they assaulted and met assaults, and, finally, in the appalling 
 losses which both sides sufiered, this great conflict has few equals 
 in the annals of history. It was said by a distinguished Confed- 
 erate soldier, in his official report, that he "had never known Fed- 
 eral troops to fight so well, and that he never saw Confederate 
 soldiers fight better." 
 
 But, my countrymen, the devastating armies have vanished. 
 Their swords have been sheathed ; their arms have been stacked. 
 The passing years have brought in their train the balm of healing 
 and reconciliation. The wounds of war have been soothed and 
 healed ; but the men who fought here, on either side, will be 
 remembered for their bravery and heroism — and the men who 
 saved the Union will never be forgotten. [Great applause.] These 
 monuments demonstrate that. The patriotic impulse of the 
 grateful people of Ohio has erected here monuments of beauty 
 to mark the places where the men of Ohio fought and fell. 
 Future generations will read the story of Chickamauga on the 
 pages of history already written and hereafter to be written, and 
 for all time upon these granite stones here unveiled to-day. The 
 State has builded these monuments to testify its devotion, not 
 only to the brave men who fought here, but to the sacred cause 
 for which they fought. [Applause.] They are built to perpetuate 
 in memory the fame of these men forever, and to show our devo- 
 tion to the Union which they helped to save. They will stand as a 
 
194 Thb Batti,b of Chickamauga. 
 
 constant reminder of the heroism of Ohio soldiers in the past, and 
 ■will serve as an inspiration to the living, and to those, who come 
 after, to manifest equal devotion, if ever again the Union should 
 be assaulted or assailed. [Great applause.] Others, to-day and 
 to-morrow, will recite the story of the battle, with its harrowing 
 incidents, its heroism, and its sacrifices. Others will tell of the 
 conflict of the first day, of the skill of Rosecrans and Crittenden, 
 and their associates, and of Bragg and Longstreet, and their asso- 
 ciates. They will tell how on the second day, when the issue wav- 
 ered in the balance, almost lost to the Union cause, when Thomas 
 — glorious old Thomas — [great applause] stood as the Rock of 
 Chickamauga. Individual valor will be praised, and should be, 
 on both sides. Courage and devotion and endurance of Union 
 and Confederate soldier will receive just eulogy from other lips. 
 The masterful genius of the commanders and the dogged deter- 
 mination of the soldiers will be repeated, and it can not too often 
 be told. The exhibition of high soldierly qualities displayed by 
 both the blue and the gray will be on every tongue this day and this 
 week. The battle will be fought over a thousand times in mem- 
 ory between those who lately contended angrily on this field. All 
 that is well. The Nation has done well to dedicate this great 
 National Park. 
 
 But, after all, my countrymen, what was it all for? What did 
 it mean ? What were all this struggle and all this exhibition of 
 heroism, and these appalling sacrifices for? A reunited country 
 makes answer. No other is needed. A Union stronger and freer 
 than ever before [applause] ; a civilization higher and nobler than 
 ever before [applause]; a freedom brighter and more enduring 
 than ever before [applause]; and a flag dearer [cries of "Yes" 
 and applause] and more sacred than ever before ; and all, all of 
 them, secure from any enemy from any quarter, because the men 
 who, thirty-two years ago, fought on the Confederate side and on 
 the Union side are to-day united, linked in their masterful might, 
 to strike down any enemy who would assail either freedom or 
 Union or civilization [applause], or flag. [I<ong continued ap- 
 plause.] 
 
 The sacrifices here made were for what we loved, and for what 
 we meant should endure. A reunited people, a reunited country, 
 is the glorious revirard. 
 
Dedi£ation of the Ohio Monuments. 195 
 
 The war lias been over thirty-one years. There has never 
 been any trouble since the war between the men who fought 
 on the one side or the other. [Applause, and " That's right."] 
 The trouble has been with the men who fought on neither side 
 [great applause and cheers], and who could get on the one side or 
 the other, as convenience or interest demanded. [Applause.] The 
 bitterness and resentments of the war belong to the past. Its 
 glories are the common heritage of us all. What was won in that 
 great conflict belongs just as securely to those who lost as to those 
 who triumphed. [Applause.] The future is in our common keep- 
 ing, the sacred trust of us all, North and South. Let us here to- 
 day dedicate ourselves to the work of making this Union worthy 
 of the glorious men who died for it on this and other fields. 
 [Great applause.] 
 
 (Addressing Gen. FuUerton) : Mr. Secretary, it is gratifying to 
 the State that these monuments are hereafter to be in the keeping 
 of the United States Government. That is where they belong. 
 The Government — which was preserved by these men — should 
 guard them. Henceforth, these monuments in your keeping 
 shall be the precious possession of all the people. They show, 
 Mr. Secretary, the honor paid by a great commonwealth to the 
 patriotic valor of her sons. They are calculated to encourage 
 patriotic devotion for all time. They are the Nation's guarantee 
 that the bond of union shall never be broken. Their lesson is 
 that the Constitution is and shall remain the supreme law over 
 all. [Applause.] 
 
 In this great battle, Mr. Secretary, some fought to save the 
 Union, others to divide it. Those who fought to save triumphed, 
 and so the Union survived. Slavery was abolished, peace restored, 
 the Union strengthened ; and now, hand in hand, all stand be- 
 neath the folds of one flag, acknowledging no other, marching 
 forward together in the enjoyment of one common country, and 
 in the fulfillment of one glorious destiny. [lyoud and long-con- 
 tinued applause.] 
 
 Gen. FuUerton responded as follows: 
 
196 The Battls of ChickamaugX. 
 
 SPEECH OF GEN. J. S. FUI<LERTON. 
 
 Gov. McKiNi<EY, THE Commissioners of the State of Ohio, 
 AND Comrades: 
 
 The programme announces that your monuments will be 
 accepted for the nation by the Secretary of War. I regret exceed- 
 ingly that imperative public duties prevent him from per- 
 forming this gratifying task that has just been assigned to me, 
 and which, to my great regret, I must perform with insufficient 
 preparation. I know that the Secretary of War, even more than 
 the Commission, regrets his enforced absence. He has taken the 
 keenest interest in this g^eat project, and has given to the 
 National Commission every possible aid, even more than it had 
 asked for. I am sure we all greatly regret his absence. 
 
 The Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Military Park Com- 
 mission, in behalf of and for the nation, accepts as a most pre- 
 cious gift, ever to be cherished and protected, these monuments, so 
 priceless that wealth could not buy one, even the humblest stone. 
 No other monuments can have a meaning equal to these, for there 
 is but one Chickamauga, and the valor of the American soldier 
 displayed here can never be surpassed. The valor of the Ohio 
 soldier on this field was too great to be appropriated alone by 
 your State. With your monuments the nation takes in keeping 
 the valor of your soldiers. [Applause.] My friends of Ohio, 
 it gives me especial pleasure to perform this duty, as I, too, 
 am a son of Ohio. I am proud of this birthright, and there 
 is no place in the wide world where I am so proud of it as 
 right here on the battle field of Chickamauga. It is true 
 that I have strayed from the fold, but my eyes and heart are ever 
 set toward the old mother, hoping some day to return, but not 
 like the prodigal son. 
 
 I may be transcending my duty, and if so I ask to be excused, 
 in saying that the National Commissioners are greatly indebted 
 to your State Commissioners for the very intelligent, able, and 
 efficient services rendered by them. During the greater part of 
 the two years just past they have labored conscientiously and 
 hard. Camping on this great battle field, they have carefully 
 visited and inspected every foot of ground, and given exhaustive 
 study to every position occupied by the regiments and batteries 
 
Dedication of thb Ohio Monomenxs. 197 
 
 of your State here engaged. Their labors were indefatigable and 
 unremitting. With their assistance, and by constant examination 
 on the part of our own Commission, we have been able, for the 
 first time in the history of warfare, to accurately mark a great battle 
 field — marking it so that every line and position is undisputed and 
 exact, and carefully designating by monuments, markers, and tab- 
 lets the whole story of the battle, so that it has been made plain 
 and indisputable. And even with such work this could not have 
 been done, had it not been that the Commissioners of the South- 
 ern States and representatives of Confederate regiments and 
 batteries engaged in the battle also gave us most willing and in- 
 telligent assistance. 
 
 I believe we have here to-day the only completely and correctly 
 marked battle field in the world, for both sides have been thor- 
 oughly located by exhaustive work, done by representatives of the 
 Union and Confederate armies that fought in the battle, working 
 in harmony, and with equal interest and pride. After eighty 
 years of study and investigation military writers are still discuss- 
 ing and wrangling over positions on the field of Waterloo, a field 
 that, compared with this one before us, is but as a checker board 
 to the intricate lines of a puzzle. And so it is with all great 
 European battle fields. 
 
 Chickamauga is the first and, as yet, the only battle field that 
 has been correctly and satisfactorily marked. And that is because 
 both sides here have willingly and conscientiously joined in 
 marking these lines which tell of the valor of the American sol- 
 dier. Here the fame of the soldier of the North and the soldier 
 of the South shall live forever, one and the same. 
 
 As a boy, I remember well the almost total lack of military 
 spirit in the old State. It was hard to get men out for militia 
 duty, they regarding it as most irksome, annoying and unneces- 
 sary. But the war came, and what a change ! Once being in the 
 field, the sons of the gallant old State so conducted themselves 
 as to surprise the fighting world. They not only gained distinc- 
 tion on every field, but they gave the Union armies nearly all of 
 their most distinguished commanders. And yet you had distin- 
 guished commanders to spare for the other side. Just down there, 
 before you, at the Brotherton house, when I^ongstreet's tremend- 
 ous iron column of nine brigades came crashing through our lines. 
 
198 The Battle of Chickamauga. 
 
 it was capped with the division commanded and led by the 
 Confederate General Bushrod Johnson, bom in Ohio. And 
 now we can praise his courage and glory, and the valor 
 of the bronzed, rugged, and barefooted Confederates that fol- 
 lowed his lead. That is one thing this great Chickamauga 
 scheme has brought about. It means that sectional partisan- 
 ship is dead, that the hate engendered by the war has faded out, 
 and that the valor of the Union soldier and the valor of 
 the Confederate soldier are a heritage belonging to the whole 
 nation. 
 
 • 
 
 All the Southern States that had troops on this battle field will 
 erect monuments to their regiments and batteries. When these 
 are in place this field will present a most extraordinary spectacle, 
 and one the like of which has never been seen before, and may 
 never again be seen on any other battle field in the world. 
 Wherever the fighting was the fiercest — where line dashed against 
 line, where column battered column — that is, all over the field — 
 will soon be seen monuments side by side, in close embrace — 
 North and South, Union and Confederate — Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, 
 and other States of the North ; Tennessee, Georgia, South Caro- 
 lina, and other States of the South! What a tribute ,to the 
 courage and the manhood of the American people. This was 
 one of the very few fields of modem warfare where lines of battle 
 came in actual contact. It is the last where it can ever happen 
 again. Heretofore, in battles, when attacks have been made, 
 one side gave way before bayonets, so much dreaded, but rarely 
 fleshed. Here were bayonet - thrusts, and the muskets that 
 could not be loaded were used as clubs. Long-range rifles have 
 changed all such fighting. Such will never be seen again. Men 
 engaged on future battle fields will not look into the eyes of the 
 enemy, as you did on this field. If monuments for both sides be 
 put up on future battle fields, one side can only be seen from the 
 other with a glass. 
 
 This was the last Chickamauga. Yes; the first, and the last. 
 [Great applause.] 
 
 Gen. Beatty then introduced the Right Reverend Bishop Wat- 
 terson, of Columbus, who ofiered the closing prayer. 
 
Dedication of the Ohio Monuments. 199 
 
 PRAYER of bishop WATTERSON. 
 
 O Almighty and Everlasting God, assembled here to-day on 
 this blood-stained field of Chickamauga, where two-and-thirty 
 years ago a divided people met in awful shock of arms, we thank 
 Thee for the benefits which, through Thy providence, have come 
 to us from the dreadful scourge of war, and especially for the 
 closer union of the people of our beloved country. We beg Thy 
 blessing upon a now united people, and beseech Thee to bind us 
 more and more closely in the blessed bonds of peace. Pour 
 doVn Thy heavenly benediction upon the flag of our country, 
 which is prepared, not only for warlike use, but for an emblem of 
 Thy protection in time of peace. May it be strong against the 
 hostile and rebellious, and be ever girt about with Thy protection. 
 May it be terrible to the enemies of our liberties, and a certain 
 confidence of victory and a sign of peace ; for Thou art not only 
 the God of Battles, but the Prince of Peace. Bless all the States 
 of our beloved Union — North and South, and East and West — 
 that our Country and our Government ' may contribute to the 
 greater glory of Thy name, and to the advancement of true civil- 
 ization. May we not only be a united people and good citizens 
 of our earthly country, but look upon ourselves as "wayfarers 
 on the earth and pilgrims to the better, that is to say, the heav- 
 enly- land above," through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, who 
 liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Spirit, 
 world without end. Amen. 
 
I I 
 
 C ' ). 
 
 
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